this study aims to examine the effect of scd on postural stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 examine
4 to 5 examine
5 examine 7 effect
5 examine 10 on
6 the 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 9 scd
10 on 12 stability
11 postural 12 stability

scottish country dancers ( n = 20 ) were compared with physically active controls ( n = 33 ) for static postural sway measured on a force platform . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dancers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 scottish 2 country
2 country 3 dancers
3 dancers 6 =
3 dancers 9 were
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 20
6 = 8 )
9 were 10 compared
10 compared 11 with
10 compared 20 for
11 with 14 controls
12 physically 13 active
13 active 14 controls
14 controls 17 =
15 ( 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 33
17 = 19 )
20 for 23 sway
21 static 23 sway
22 postural 23 sway
23 sway 24 measured
24 measured 25 on
25 on 28 platform
26 a 27 force
26 a 28 platform
27 force 28 platform

the romberg and tandem stances were used under ['] eyes open ['] and ['] eyes closed ['] conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 romberg
2 romberg 3 and
3 and 5 stances
3 and 13 and
4 tandem 5 stances
6 were 7 used
6 were 13 and
7 used 8 under
7 used 11 open
8 under 10 eyes
13 and 15 eyes
15 eyes 18 conditions
16 closed 18 conditions

ninety - five percent ellipse area and sway velocity were calculated from the center of pressure displacement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ninety 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 4 percent
4 percent 5 ellipse
5 ellipse 6 area
6 area 7 and
7 and 9 velocity
7 and 10 were
8 sway 9 velocity
10 were 11 calculated
11 calculated 12 from
12 from 14 center
13 the 14 center
14 center 15 of
15 of 17 displacement
16 pressure 17 displacement

ninety - five percent ellipse area was the same for both groups in all tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 ninety 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 4 percent
4 percent 6 area
5 ellipse 6 area
6 area 7 was
7 was 9 same
8 the 9 same
9 same 10 for
10 for 12 groups
11 both 12 groups
12 groups 13 in
13 in 15 tests
14 all 15 tests

the control group had greater sway velocity for all tests ( [p] < [.] 01 ) except tandem eyes closed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 4 had
4 had 7 velocity
4 had 17 except
4 had 20 closed
5 greater 7 velocity
6 sway 7 velocity
7 velocity 8 for
8 for 10 tests
9 all 10 tests
10 tests 15 01
11 ( 15 01
13 < 15 01
15 01 16 )
17 except 19 eyes
18 tandem 19 eyes

scd participation resulted in similar postural sway as participation in other physical activities , however nondancers may need a greater amount of regulatory activity to maintain balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 scd 2 participation
2 participation 3 resulted
3 resulted 4 in
3 resulted 8 as
3 resulted 10 in
4 in 7 sway
5 similar 7 sway
6 postural 7 sway
8 as 9 participation
10 in 13 activities
11 other 13 activities
12 physical 13 activities
14 , 16 nondancers
14 , 18 need
15 however 16 nondancers
16 nondancers 17 may
17 may 18 need
18 need 24 activity
18 need 25 to
18 need 26 maintain
19 a 21 amount
20 greater 21 amount
21 amount 22 of
21 amount 24 activity
22 of 24 activity
23 regulatory 24 activity
25 to 26 maintain
26 maintain 27 balance

background : physical activity is important for maintaining independence and quality of life in older people living in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 physical
2 : 18 in
3 physical 17 living
4 activity 5 is
5 is 6 important
6 important 7 for
7 for 8 maintaining
8 maintaining 10 and
8 maintaining 17 living
9 independence 10 and
10 and 11 quality
10 and 12 of
10 and 17 living
12 of 13 life
13 life 14 in
14 in 16 people
15 older 16 people
18 in 20 homes
19 care 20 homes

little is known about patterns of physical activity or sedentary behavior in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
3 known 12 in
4 about 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 of
6 of 9 or
7 physical 8 activity
8 activity 9 or
9 or 11 behavior
10 sedentary 11 behavior
12 in 14 population
13 this 14 population

methods : thirty - three care home residents ( 82.6 ± 9.2 years ) wore an actigraph gtx3 accelerometer for seven days , which provided minutes of sedentary behavior and low , light , and moderate - to [-] vigorous physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 -
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 three
4 - 8 residents
4 - 15 wore
6 care 7 home
7 home 8 residents
8 residents 13 years
8 residents 15 wore
9 ( 13 years
10 82.6 13 years
11 ± 13 years
12 9.2 13 years
13 years 14 )
15 wore 19 accelerometer
15 wore 20 for
15 wore 38 to
16 an 19 accelerometer
17 actigraph 18 gtx3
18 gtx3 19 accelerometer
20 for 22 days
21 seven 22 days
22 days 24 which
23 , 24 which
24 which 35 and
24 which 37 -
25 provided 30 and
25 provided 35 and
26 minutes 27 of
26 minutes 30 and
27 of 29 behavior
28 sedentary 29 behavior
30 and 33 light
30 and 34 ,
31 low 32 ,
31 low 33 light
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 moderate
38 to 42 activity
40 vigorous 42 activity
41 physical 42 activity

participants undertook the mini - mental state examination and care staff reported activities of daily living ( barthel [index] ) and functional ambulation classification ( fac ) for each participant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 undertook
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 participants 2 undertook
2 undertook 4 mini
3 the 4 mini
5 - 9 and
5 - 12 reported
5 - 31 .
6 mental 7 state
7 state 8 examination
8 examination 9 and
9 and 11 staff
9 and 12 reported
10 care 11 staff
12 reported 21 and
12 reported 28 for
13 activities 14 of
13 activities 21 and
14 of 16 living
15 daily 16 living
16 living 18 barthel
17 ( 18 barthel
18 barthel 20 )
21 and 24 classification
21 and 26 fac
22 functional 23 ambulation
23 ambulation 24 classification
25 ( 26 fac
26 fac 27 )
28 for 30 participant
29 each 30 participant

results : participants spent on average 79 % of their day sedentary , 14 % in low , 6 % in light , and 1 % in moderate - to [-] vigorous physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 spent
3 participants 4 spent
4 spent 6 average
4 spent 8 %
4 spent 30 to
5 on 6 average
7 79 8 %
8 % 9 of
9 of 17 low
10 their 17 low
11 day 17 low
12 sedentary 13 ,
12 sedentary 17 low
14 14 16 in
15 % 16 in
16 in 17 low
17 low 24 and
18 , 24 and
19 6 21 in
20 % 21 in
21 in 22 light
22 light 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 28 moderate
24 and 29 -
25 1 27 in
26 % 27 in
27 in 28 moderate
30 to 34 activity
32 vigorous 34 activity
33 physical 34 activity

activity levels did not significantly differ between days or hours of the day ( p > [.] 05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 activity 2 levels
2 levels 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 6 differ
5 significantly 6 differ
6 differ 7 between
7 between 9 or
8 days 9 or
9 or 10 hours
9 or 19 )
10 hours 11 of
11 of 13 day
12 the 13 day
13 day 16 >
14 ( 16 >
15 p 16 >
16 > 18 05

conclusion : levels of physical activity were very low and time being sedentary was high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 levels
2 : 7 were
2 : 10 and
2 : 16 .
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 7 were
4 of 6 activity
5 physical 6 activity
7 were 9 low
8 very 9 low
10 and 11 time
10 and 14 was
11 time 12 being
11 time 14 was
12 being 13 sedentary
14 was 15 high

this study can inform physical activity and sedentary behavior interventions for care homes ' residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 can
3 can 4 inform
4 inform 7 and
5 physical 6 activity
6 activity 7 and
7 and 10 interventions
7 and 11 for
8 sedentary 9 behavior
9 behavior 10 interventions
11 for 15 residents
12 care 13 homes
13 homes 14 '
14 ' 15 residents

increased proportion [of] [non] - contractile elements can be observed during aging by enhanced skeletal muscle echo intensity [(] ei ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 increased 2 proportion
5 - 10 observed
6 contractile 7 elements
6 contractile 9 be
6 contractile 10 observed
7 elements 8 can
8 can 9 be
10 observed 11 during
10 observed 13 by
10 observed 21 )
11 during 12 aging
13 by 20 ei
14 enhanced 16 muscle
15 skeletal 16 muscle
16 muscle 18 intensity
17 echo 18 intensity
18 intensity 20 ei

studies have demonstrated that an increase in rectus femoris ei may affect physical performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 studies 2 have
2 have 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 6 increase
4 that 12 affect
5 an 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
6 increase 11 may
7 in 10 ei
8 rectus 9 femoris
9 femoris 10 ei
11 may 12 affect
12 affect 14 performance
13 physical 14 performance

however , it is still unknown whether the whole quadriceps femoris ei ( qei ) influences strength , power , and functional capacity of an older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 still
4 is 6 unknown
6 unknown 7 whether
7 whether 9 whole
7 whether 10 quadriceps
8 the 9 whole
9 whole 10 quadriceps
10 quadriceps 11 femoris
11 femoris 14 qei
11 femoris 16 influences
12 ei 14 qei
13 ( 14 qei
14 qei 15 )
14 qei 16 influences
16 influences 21 and
17 strength 18 ,
18 , 19 power
18 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 capacity
21 and 24 of
22 functional 23 capacity
24 of 27 population
25 an 27 population
26 older 27 population

therefore , the aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between qei , the four individual quadriceps portions ei , and muscular performance of older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 9 was
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 present 8 study
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 determine
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 13 correlation
11 determine 14 between
12 the 13 correlation
14 between 24 and
15 qei 16 ,
16 , 22 ei
16 , 24 and
17 the 21 portions
18 four 19 individual
19 individual 21 portions
20 quadriceps 21 portions
21 portions 22 ei
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 performance
24 and 27 of
25 muscular 26 performance
27 of 29 men
28 older 29 men

fifty sedentary healthy men ( 66.1 ± 4.5 years [,] 1.75 ± 0.06 m , 80.2 ± [11.0] kg ) volunteered for the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 volunteered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 fifty 4 men
2 sedentary 4 men
3 healthy 4 men
4 men 9 years
4 men 19 kg
4 men 21 volunteered
5 ( 9 years
6 66.1 9 years
7 ± 9 years
8 4.5 9 years
9 years 11 1.75
9 years 12 ±
9 years 15 ,
11 1.75 12 ±
12 ± 14 m
13 0.06 14 m
15 , 19 kg
16 80.2 19 kg
17 ± 19 kg
19 kg 20 )
21 volunteered 22 for
22 for 25 study
23 the 25 study
24 present 25 study

the qei and ei of the four quadriceps portions were calculated by ultrasound imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 qei
2 qei 3 and
3 and 4 ei
3 and 5 of
3 and 9 portions
3 and 14 imaging
5 of 8 quadriceps
6 the 7 four
7 four 8 quadriceps
9 portions 10 were
10 were 11 calculated
11 calculated 12 by
12 by 13 ultrasound
13 ultrasound 14 imaging

knee [extension] one repetition maximum ( 1rm ) , isometric peak torque ( pt ) , and rate [of] torque development ( rtd ) were obtained as measures of muscular strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knee
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 knee 12 torque
3 one 12 torque
4 repetition 12 torque
5 maximum 7 1rm
5 maximum 9 ,
5 maximum 11 peak
6 ( 7 1rm
7 1rm 8 )
10 isometric 11 peak
11 peak 12 torque
12 torque 14 pt
13 ( 14 pt
14 pt 15 )
16 , 17 and
17 and 21 development
17 and 26 obtained
18 rate 21 development
20 torque 21 development
21 development 23 rtd
21 development 25 were
22 ( 23 rtd
23 rtd 24 )
25 were 26 obtained
26 obtained 27 as
27 as 28 measures
28 measures 29 of
29 of 31 strength
30 muscular 31 strength

muscular power was determined by knee extension with 60 % of 1rm and countermovement jump ( cmj ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 power
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 muscular 2 power
2 power 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
4 determined 8 with
5 by 7 extension
6 knee 7 extension
8 with 10 %
9 60 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 1rm 13 and
13 and 15 jump
13 and 17 cmj
14 countermovement 15 jump
16 ( 17 cmj
17 cmj 18 )

the 30 [-] s sit - to [-] stand [test] was evaluated as a functional capacity parameter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 s
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 4 s
2 30 4 s
4 s 5 sit
6 - 7 to
6 - 12 evaluated
6 - 18 .
7 to 9 stand
7 to 11 was
11 was 12 evaluated
12 evaluated 13 as
13 as 17 parameter
14 a 15 functional
14 a 17 parameter
15 functional 16 capacity
16 capacity 17 parameter

qei and all individual ei were correlated to functional capacity and power during cmj ( [p] ≤ 0.05 ) , but rectus femoris ei was not related to knee extension average power ( p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 qei 2 and
2 and 5 ei
2 and 6 were
3 all 5 ei
4 individual 5 ei
6 were 11 and
7 correlated 8 to
7 correlated 11 and
8 to 10 capacity
9 functional 10 capacity
11 and 12 power
11 and 13 during
11 and 21 but
13 during 14 cmj
14 cmj 17 ≤
15 ( 17 ≤
17 ≤ 18 0.05
17 ≤ 19 )
20 , 21 but
21 but 23 femoris
21 but 38 .
22 rectus 23 femoris
23 femoris 24 ei
23 femoris 29 knee
23 femoris 35 >
24 ei 25 was
25 was 26 not
25 was 28 to
25 was 29 knee
26 not 27 related
28 to 29 knee
29 knee 32 power
30 extension 32 power
31 average 32 power
33 ( 35 >
34 p 35 >
35 > 36 0.05
35 > 37 )

there were significant correlations between all ei variables , 1rm , pt , and rtd at 0.2 s ( [p] ≤ 0.05 ) , but only vastus medialis ei and qei were correlated to rtd at 0.05 s ( [p] ≤ 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 correlations
3 significant 4 correlations
4 correlations 5 between
4 correlations 10 1rm
4 correlations 14 and
5 between 8 variables
6 all 8 variables
7 ei 8 variables
9 , 10 1rm
10 1rm 11 ,
11 , 14 and
12 pt 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 rtd
14 and 16 at
14 and 21 ≤
14 and 24 ,
16 at 18 s
17 0.2 18 s
19 ( 21 ≤
21 ≤ 22 0.05
21 ≤ 23 )
25 but 26 only
25 but 28 medialis
25 but 33 correlated
27 vastus 28 medialis
28 medialis 31 qei
28 medialis 32 were
28 medialis 33 correlated
29 ei 30 and
30 and 31 qei
31 qei 32 were
33 correlated 34 to
34 to 35 rtd
35 rtd 36 at
35 rtd 41 ≤
36 at 38 s
37 0.05 38 s
39 ( 41 ≤
41 ≤ 42 0.05
41 ≤ 43 )

the results of the present study suggest that qei is related to muscular power and functional capacity of older subjects , but the ei of some individual quadriceps portions may underestimate the correlations with muscular performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 22 but
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 suggest 8 that
7 suggest 22 but
8 that 9 qei
8 that 11 related
9 qei 10 is
10 is 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 15 and
13 muscular 14 power
14 power 15 and
15 and 17 capacity
15 and 21 ,
16 functional 17 capacity
17 capacity 18 of
18 of 20 subjects
19 older 20 subjects
21 , 22 but
22 but 31 underestimate
23 the 24 ei
24 ei 25 of
24 ei 30 may
25 of 29 portions
26 some 29 portions
27 individual 29 portions
28 quadriceps 29 portions
30 may 31 underestimate
31 underestimate 33 correlations
31 underestimate 34 with
32 the 33 correlations
34 with 36 performance
35 muscular 36 performance

few long - [term] follow - up data are available on thyroid dysfunction ( td ) in multiple sclerosis ( [ms] [ )(patients treated with glatiramer [acetate] ( ga ) or with interferon [-] beta ( ifnb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 few
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 long
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 few 2 long
3 - 5 follow
3 - 6 -
6 - 7 up
6 - 9 are
6 - 39 .
7 up 9 are
8 data 9 are
9 are 10 available
10 available 11 on
10 available 17 in
11 on 13 dysfunction
12 thyroid 13 dysfunction
13 dysfunction 15 td
14 ( 15 td
15 td 16 )
17 in 19 sclerosis
18 multiple 19 sclerosis
19 sclerosis 23 )(patients
20 ( 23 )(patients
23 )(patients 24 treated
23 )(patients 37 ifnb
23 )(patients 38 )
24 treated 31 or
25 with 26 glatiramer
25 with 31 or
26 glatiramer 29 ga
28 ( 29 ga
29 ga 30 )
31 or 32 with
32 with 35 beta
33 interferon 35 beta
36 ( 37 ifnb
37 ifnb 38 )

in a cohort of 787 relapsing - remitting ms ( rrms ) patients [whom] were followed up for 8 years , [we] observed an increased prevalence of td and thyroid autoimmunity ( ta ) within the first year of ifnb treatment , [regardless] of the dose or frequency of administration , [while] no change was observed with ga treatment . 
1 in 3 cohort
1 in 6 relapsing
2 a 3 cohort
4 of 5 787
4 of 6 relapsing
6 relapsing 8 remitting
6 relapsing 15 were
7 - 8 remitting
8 remitting 13 patients
9 ms 11 rrms
10 ( 11 rrms
11 rrms 12 )
11 rrms 13 patients
15 were 21 ,
16 followed 17 up
16 followed 18 for
16 followed 21 ,
18 for 20 years
19 8 20 years
21 , 23 observed
23 observed 26 prevalence
24 an 26 prevalence
25 increased 26 prevalence
26 prevalence 27 of
26 prevalence 35 within
27 of 29 and
28 td 29 and
29 and 31 autoimmunity
29 and 33 ta
30 thyroid 31 autoimmunity
32 ( 33 ta
33 ta 34 )
35 within 38 year
36 the 38 year
37 first 38 year
38 year 39 of
39 of 41 treatment
40 ifnb 41 treatment
41 treatment 44 of
42 , 44 of
44 of 47 or
44 of 51 ,
45 the 46 dose
46 dose 47 or
47 or 48 frequency
47 or 49 of
49 of 50 administration
51 , 56 observed
53 no 54 change
54 change 55 was
55 was 56 observed
56 observed 57 with
56 observed 60 .
57 with 59 treatment
58 ga 59 treatment

the increased prevalence of td and ta within the first year of ifnb treatment suggested the need for close monitoring of thyroid function [and] autoimmunity , [though] only during the first year of ifnb treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 suggested
1 the 3 prevalence
2 increased 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 15 suggested
4 of 7 ta
5 td 6 and
6 and 7 ta
7 ta 8 within
7 ta 12 of
8 within 11 year
9 the 10 first
9 the 11 year
12 of 14 treatment
13 ifnb 14 treatment
15 suggested 17 need
15 suggested 18 for
15 suggested 29 during
16 the 17 need
18 for 20 monitoring
19 close 20 monitoring
20 monitoring 21 of
21 of 25 autoimmunity
22 thyroid 25 autoimmunity
23 function 25 autoimmunity
26 , 28 only
26 , 29 during
29 during 32 year
29 during 36 .
30 the 31 first
30 the 32 year
32 year 33 of
33 of 35 treatment
34 ifnb 35 treatment

the aim of this study is to provide normative data for a phonological alternating task ( fat ) , a semantic alternating task ( sat ) and an excluded letter task ( elt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 provide
7 to 8 provide
8 provide 27 and
9 normative 10 data
10 data 11 for
10 data 27 and
11 for 15 task
12 a 13 phonological
12 a 15 task
13 phonological 15 task
14 alternating 15 task
15 task 17 fat
15 task 23 task
16 ( 17 fat
17 fat 18 )
19 , 23 task
20 a 21 semantic
20 a 23 task
21 semantic 23 task
22 alternating 23 task
23 task 25 sat
23 task 26 )
24 ( 25 sat
25 sat 26 )
27 and 31 task
27 and 33 elt
28 an 31 task
29 excluded 30 letter
30 letter 31 task
32 ( 33 elt
33 elt 34 )

the tasks were administered to 146 flemish - speaking , cognitively healthy [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 tasks
2 tasks 3 were
3 were 4 administered
4 administered 5 to
4 administered 10 ,
4 administered 12 healthy
5 to 7 flemish
6 146 7 flemish
7 flemish 9 speaking
8 - 9 speaking
9 speaking 10 ,
11 cognitively 12 healthy

data from 102 were used and were classified according to the significant variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 4 were
2 from 3 102
4 were 6 and
5 used 6 and
6 and 7 were
6 and 10 to
7 were 8 classified
9 according 10 to
10 to 13 variables
11 the 13 variables
12 significant 13 variables

subsequently , these tasks were administered to seven patients diagnosed with mild neurocognitive impairment ( mild cognitive impairment , mci ) [and] seven patients with onset dementia of the alzheimer type ( dat ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 4 tasks
3 these 4 tasks
4 tasks 5 were
5 were 6 administered
6 administered 7 to
6 administered 11 with
7 to 9 patients
8 seven 9 patients
9 patients 10 diagnosed
11 with 14 impairment
11 with 24 patients
12 mild 14 impairment
13 neurocognitive 14 impairment
14 impairment 18 impairment
14 impairment 20 mci
15 ( 18 impairment
16 mild 18 impairment
17 cognitive 18 impairment
18 impairment 19 ,
19 , 20 mci
20 mci 21 )
23 seven 24 patients
24 patients 25 with
24 patients 28 of
25 with 27 dementia
26 onset 27 dementia
28 of 31 type
29 the 31 type
30 alzheimer 31 type
31 type 33 dat
32 ( 33 dat
33 dat 34 )

results of the standard study show that the level of education is a significant variable for all complex vft and age for the sat and the elt , while age related deterioration is [highest] for the elt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 20 and
2 of 6 show
3 the 6 show
4 standard 5 study
5 study 6 show
6 show 7 that
6 show 18 complex
7 that 9 level
7 that 12 is
8 the 9 level
9 level 10 of
9 level 12 is
10 of 11 education
12 is 15 variable
12 is 16 for
13 a 15 variable
14 significant 15 variable
16 for 17 all
17 all 18 complex
18 complex 19 vft
20 and 21 age
20 and 22 for
22 for 25 and
23 the 24 sat
24 sat 25 and
25 and 27 elt
26 the 27 elt
28 , 32 deterioration
28 , 33 is
29 while 30 age
29 while 32 deterioration
31 related 32 deterioration
32 deterioration 33 is
33 is 35 for
35 for 37 elt
36 the 37 elt

the error rate is [highest] for the elt and [lowest] for the sat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 rate
2 error 3 rate
3 rate 4 is
4 is 9 and
6 for 8 elt
6 for 9 and
7 the 8 elt
9 and 11 for
11 for 13 sat
12 the 13 sat

analysis of the time duration shows that data should be collected for at least 2 min . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 6 shows
2 of 5 duration
3 the 5 duration
4 time 5 duration
6 shows 7 that
7 that 8 data
7 that 10 be
8 data 9 should
9 should 10 be
10 be 11 collected
11 collected 12 for
12 for 16 min
13 at 14 least
14 least 15 2
15 2 16 min

the patients scored significantly lower than the normgroup of healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 scored
3 scored 5 lower
4 significantly 5 lower
5 lower 6 than
6 than 8 normgroup
7 the 8 normgroup
8 normgroup 9 of
9 of 11 adults
10 healthy 11 adults

the error rate is [highest] for the sat and [lowest] for the elt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 rate
2 error 3 rate
3 rate 4 is
4 is 9 and
6 for 8 sat
6 for 9 and
7 the 8 sat
9 and 11 for
11 for 13 elt
12 the 13 elt

hydrogen peroxide , the nonradical [2] - electron reduction product of oxygen , is a normal aerobic metabolite occurring at about 10 nm intracellular concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 peroxide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 hydrogen 2 peroxide
2 peroxide 10 product
2 peroxide 14 is
3 , 10 product
4 the 10 product
5 nonradical 7 -
5 nonradical 8 electron
8 electron 10 product
9 reduction 10 product
10 product 11 of
10 product 13 ,
11 of 12 oxygen
14 is 18 metabolite
15 a 16 normal
15 a 18 metabolite
16 normal 18 metabolite
17 aerobic 18 metabolite
18 metabolite 19 occurring
19 occurring 20 at
20 at 25 concentration
21 about 22 10
22 10 23 nm
23 nm 25 concentration
24 intracellular 25 concentration

in liver , it is produced at 50 nmol/min/g of tissue , which is about 2 % of total oxygen uptake [at] steady [state] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 liver
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 it
4 it 5 is
5 is 6 produced
6 produced 7 at
7 at 9 nmol/min/g
8 50 9 nmol/min/g
9 nmol/min/g 10 of
10 of 11 tissue
12 , 13 which
12 , 23 steady
13 which 14 is
13 which 23 steady
14 is 17 %
14 is 23 steady
15 about 16 2
16 2 17 %
17 % 18 of
18 of 21 uptake
19 total 21 uptake
20 oxygen 21 uptake

metabolically generated h2o2 emerged from recent research as a central hub in redox signaling and oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 h2o2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 metabolically 2 generated
2 generated 3 h2o2
3 h2o2 4 emerged
4 emerged 5 from
4 emerged 8 as
5 from 7 research
6 recent 7 research
8 as 15 and
9 a 10 central
9 a 11 hub
10 central 11 hub
11 hub 12 in
11 hub 15 and
12 in 13 redox
13 redox 14 signaling
15 and 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress

upon generation by major sources , the nadph oxidases or complex iii of the mitochondrial respiratory chain , h2o2 is under sophisticated fine control of peroxiredoxins and glutathione peroxidases with their backup systems as well [as] [by] [catalase] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 h2o2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 upon 10 or
1 upon 18 ,
1 upon 19 h2o2
2 generation 3 by
2 generation 6 ,
3 by 5 sources
4 major 5 sources
6 , 9 oxidases
6 , 10 or
7 the 9 oxidases
8 nadph 9 oxidases
10 or 11 complex
10 or 13 of
11 complex 12 iii
13 of 17 chain
14 the 17 chain
15 mitochondrial 17 chain
16 respiratory 17 chain
19 h2o2 20 is
20 is 21 under
20 is 30 with
20 is 34 as
21 under 27 and
22 sophisticated 24 control
23 fine 24 control
24 control 25 of
24 control 27 and
25 of 26 peroxiredoxins
27 and 29 peroxidases
28 glutathione 29 peroxidases
30 with 33 systems
31 their 33 systems
32 backup 33 systems
34 as 35 well

[of] note , h2o2 is a second messenger in insulin signaling and [in] several growth factor - induced signaling cascades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 note
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
3 , 4 h2o2
3 , 5 is
4 h2o2 5 is
5 is 8 messenger
5 is 19 signaling
6 a 8 messenger
7 second 8 messenger
8 messenger 9 in
8 messenger 18 induced
9 in 12 and
10 insulin 11 signaling
10 insulin 12 and
12 and 16 factor
12 and 17 -
14 several 15 growth
15 growth 16 factor
19 signaling 20 cascades

h2o2 transport across membranes is facilitated by aquaporins , denoted as peroxiporins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transport
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 facilitated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 h2o2 2 transport
2 transport 3 across
2 transport 5 is
3 across 4 membranes
5 is 6 facilitated
6 facilitated 7 by
6 facilitated 11 as
7 by 9 ,
8 aquaporins 9 ,
9 , 10 denoted
11 as 12 peroxiporins

[specialized] protein cysteines operate as redox switches using h2o2 as thiol oxidant , making this reactive oxygen species essential for poising the set point of the redox proteome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cysteines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 operate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 protein 3 cysteines
3 cysteines 4 operate
4 operate 7 switches
4 operate 10 as
5 as 6 redox
6 redox 7 switches
7 switches 8 using
8 using 9 h2o2
10 as 12 oxidant
11 thiol 12 oxidant
13 , 18 species
13 , 28 proteome
14 making 18 species
15 this 16 reactive
16 reactive 17 oxygen
17 oxygen 18 species
18 species 19 essential
18 species 28 proteome
19 essential 20 for
20 for 21 poising
21 poising 24 point
22 the 24 point
23 set 24 point
24 point 25 of
25 of 27 redox
26 the 27 redox

major processes including proliferation , differentiation , tissue repair , inflammation , circadian rhythm , and aging use this low molecular weight oxygen metabolite as signaling compound . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proliferation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 major 4 proliferation
2 processes 4 proliferation
3 including 4 proliferation
5 , 16 and
6 differentiation 7 ,
7 , 9 repair
7 , 10 ,
8 tissue 9 repair
10 , 11 inflammation
10 , 12 ,
12 , 14 rhythm
12 , 16 and
13 circadian 14 rhythm
15 , 16 and
16 and 23 oxygen
16 and 24 metabolite
17 aging 18 use
18 use 23 oxygen
19 this 20 low
20 low 22 weight
21 molecular 22 weight
22 weight 23 oxygen
24 metabolite 25 as
25 as 27 compound
26 signaling 27 compound

it should be recognized that children are not small adults , hence dosing in children should not be a ['] small adult dose ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 recognized
4 recognized 5 that
5 that 6 children
5 that 7 are
6 children 7 are
7 are 8 not
7 are 10 adults
9 small 10 adults
11 , 13 dosing
11 , 18 be
12 hence 13 dosing
13 dosing 14 in
13 dosing 16 should
14 in 15 children
16 should 17 not
16 should 18 be
18 be 23 dose
19 a 23 dose
21 small 22 adult
22 adult 23 dose

a mean population dose in all age groups is just an average dose and not necessarily the best [or] [the] correct [dose] for a given patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 mean
1 a 4 dose
2 mean 3 population
3 population 4 dose
4 dose 5 in
4 dose 9 is
5 in 8 groups
6 all 8 groups
7 age 8 groups
9 is 10 just
9 is 13 dose
11 an 12 average
11 an 13 dose
12 average 13 dose
14 and 15 not
15 not 16 necessarily
15 not 18 best
15 not 21 correct
17 the 18 best
18 best 21 correct
21 correct 23 for
23 for 26 patient
24 a 26 patient
25 given 26 patient

the dose [of] a drug varies from patient to patient and individual adjustment of the dose is always ideal but is not always practical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 dose
2 dose 5 drug
2 dose 7 from
2 dose 8 patient
2 dose 20 but
4 a 5 drug
5 drug 6 varies
6 varies 7 from
8 patient 9 to
9 to 13 adjustment
10 patient 11 and
11 and 12 individual
11 and 13 adjustment
13 adjustment 14 of
14 of 16 dose
15 the 16 dose
17 is 18 always
17 is 19 ideal
17 is 20 but
20 but 21 is
21 is 22 not
21 is 23 always
21 is 24 practical

theoretically , dose selection in paediatric drug development or clinical settings can be done by using either body weight or the clearance of a drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 theoretically 2 ,
1 theoretically 9 or
3 dose 4 selection
4 selection 5 in
4 selection 9 or
5 in 8 development
6 paediatric 8 development
7 drug 8 development
9 or 11 settings
9 or 12 can
10 clinical 11 settings
12 can 13 be
13 be 14 done
14 done 15 by
15 by 16 using
16 using 20 or
17 either 19 weight
18 body 19 weight
19 weight 20 or
20 or 22 clearance
20 or 23 of
21 the 22 clearance
23 of 25 drug
24 a 25 drug

over the years , a lot of approaches have been suggested for the prediction of drug clearance or dose in paediatrics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 over 3 years
1 over 4 ,
1 over 8 approaches
2 the 3 years
5 a 6 lot
6 lot 7 of
6 lot 8 approaches
7 of 8 approaches
8 approaches 9 have
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 suggested
11 suggested 12 for
11 suggested 20 in
12 for 14 prediction
13 the 14 prediction
14 prediction 15 of
15 of 18 or
16 drug 17 clearance
17 clearance 18 or
18 or 19 dose
20 in 21 paediatrics

although some proposed methods are useful for the prediction of clearance or dose in children [,] there remains a high degree of uncertainty in the prediction of drug clearance or dose in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 2 some
1 although 12 or
2 some 4 methods
2 some 10 of
3 proposed 4 methods
4 methods 5 are
5 are 6 useful
6 useful 7 for
7 for 9 prediction
8 the 9 prediction
9 prediction 10 of
11 clearance 12 or
12 or 13 dose
12 or 14 in
12 or 17 there
12 or 30 or
14 in 15 children
18 remains 23 uncertainty
18 remains 24 in
18 remains 30 or
19 a 21 degree
20 high 21 degree
21 degree 22 of
21 degree 23 uncertainty
22 of 23 uncertainty
24 in 26 prediction
25 the 26 prediction
26 prediction 27 of
27 of 29 clearance
28 drug 29 clearance
30 or 31 dose
30 or 32 in
32 in 33 children

in particular , the prediction of clearance or dose in an individual patient remains highly erratic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 prediction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 prediction
4 the 5 prediction
5 prediction 6 of
5 prediction 14 remains
6 of 8 or
7 clearance 8 or
8 or 9 dose
8 or 10 in
10 in 13 patient
11 an 12 individual
11 an 13 patient
12 individual 13 patient
14 remains 15 highly
14 remains 16 erratic

this review takes a critical look at these approaches and highlights the application and limitations of these proposed methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 10 and
2 review 14 and
3 takes 6 look
3 takes 7 at
3 takes 10 and
4 a 6 look
5 critical 6 look
7 at 9 approaches
8 these 9 approaches
10 and 11 highlights
10 and 13 application
12 the 13 application
14 and 15 limitations
14 and 16 of
16 of 19 methods
17 these 19 methods
18 proposed 19 methods

purpose : the objectives of this study were to evaluate the factors that contribute to aging in the lower eyelids and periorbital changes in asians and to analyze the contribution of different anatomic factors before surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objectives
2 : 26 and
2 : 37 .
3 the 4 objectives
4 objectives 5 of
4 objectives 26 and
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 were 9 to
8 were 10 evaluate
8 were 26 and
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 factors
11 the 12 factors
12 factors 13 that
12 factors 14 contribute
13 that 14 contribute
14 contribute 15 to
14 contribute 24 in
15 to 16 aging
16 aging 17 in
17 in 23 changes
18 the 20 eyelids
19 lower 20 eyelids
20 eyelids 21 and
21 and 22 periorbital
21 and 23 changes
24 in 25 asians
26 and 27 to
26 and 28 analyze
26 and 35 before
27 to 28 analyze
28 analyze 30 contribution
29 the 30 contribution
30 contribution 31 of
31 of 34 factors
32 different 34 factors
33 anatomic 34 factors
35 before 36 surgery

methods : we analyzed photographs and examination findings of 108 patients older than 80 years who had consultations for lower eyelid blepharoplasty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analyzed
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 6 and
5 photographs 6 and
6 and 8 findings
6 and 9 of
6 and 12 older
6 and 16 who
6 and 17 had
7 examination 8 findings
9 of 11 patients
10 108 11 patients
12 older 13 than
13 than 15 years
14 80 15 years
16 who 17 had
17 had 18 consultations
17 had 19 for
19 for 22 blepharoplasty
20 lower 22 blepharoplasty
21 eyelid 22 blepharoplasty

structural changes were categorized to 7 anatomical categories , and each category was scored from 0 to 3 base d on severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 structural 2 changes
2 changes 3 were
3 were 4 categorized
4 categorized 5 to
5 to 8 categories
6 7 8 categories
7 anatomical 8 categories
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 category
10 and 14 scored
11 each 12 category
12 category 13 was
13 was 14 scored
14 scored 15 from
15 from 20 d
16 0 17 to
17 to 18 3
17 to 20 d
19 base 20 d
20 d 21 on
21 on 22 severity

the total point for each category for all patients was divided by the 456 total possible points and was considered a cumulative contribution score for that category . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 point
2 total 3 point
3 point 4 for
3 point 18 and
4 for 6 category
5 each 6 category
6 category 7 for
7 for 9 patients
8 all 9 patients
10 was 11 divided
10 was 18 and
11 divided 12 by
12 by 17 points
13 the 14 456
14 456 17 points
15 total 17 points
16 possible 17 points
18 and 19 was
18 and 24 score
19 was 20 considered
21 a 22 cumulative
21 a 24 score
22 cumulative 23 contribution
23 contribution 24 score
24 score 25 for
25 for 27 category
26 that 27 category

" a uniqueness score " for each patient was calculated as the maximum score in 1 category divided by the patient 's total score to reflect the percentage contribution of the patient 's most severe anatomic problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 "
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 a 4 score
3 uniqueness 4 score
4 score 5 "
4 score 6 for
4 score 9 was
6 for 8 patient
7 each 8 patient
9 was 10 calculated
10 calculated 11 as
11 as 14 score
12 the 14 score
13 maximum 14 score
14 score 15 in
14 score 18 divided
15 in 17 category
16 1 17 category
18 divided 19 by
18 divided 25 to
19 by 24 score
20 the 21 patient
21 patient 22 's
22 's 24 score
23 total 24 score
25 to 26 reflect
26 reflect 29 contribution
27 the 29 contribution
28 percentage 29 contribution
29 contribution 30 of
30 of 37 problem
31 the 32 patient
32 patient 33 's
33 's 37 problem
34 most 35 severe
35 severe 37 problem
36 anatomic 37 problem

results : a total of 108 cases ( 51 male and 57 female patients ) were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 17 evaluated
2 : 18 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 16 were
5 of 7 cases
6 108 7 cases
7 cases 14 patients
8 ( 14 patients
9 51 14 patients
10 male 11 and
11 and 13 female
11 and 14 patients
12 57 13 female
14 patients 15 )
16 were 17 evaluated

the mean age was 57 ± 11 years ( age range , 30 - 75 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 was
4 was 8 years
5 57 8 years
6 ± 8 years
7 11 8 years
8 years 11 range
8 years 14 -
9 ( 11 range
10 age 11 range
11 range 12 ,
12 , 14 -
13 30 14 -
14 - 16 years
14 - 17 )
15 75 16 years

the cumulative contribution score for each category was [as] follows : orbital fat [prolapse] 33.8 ( [medial] 15.3 , [central] 11.7 , [lateral] 6.8 ) [,] skin [laxity] 22.3 % , [periorbital] hollow 20.8 ( tear trough 15.5 , lateral orbital rim 5.3 [ )(, septal confluence 9.5 , orbicularis oculi muscle hypertrophy 3.6 , triangular malar mound 3.4 , and eyelid fluid 0.5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 follows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 the 4 score
2 cumulative 3 contribution
3 contribution 4 score
4 score 5 for
4 score 10 follows
5 for 6 each
6 each 7 category
6 each 8 was
7 category 8 was
11 : 13 fat
11 : 19 ,
12 orbital 13 fat
13 fat 15 33.8
13 fat 18 15.3
16 ( 18 15.3
18 15.3 19 ,
19 , 21 11.7
19 , 27 skin
19 , 31 ,
21 11.7 24 6.8
21 11.7 27 skin
22 , 24 6.8
24 6.8 25 )
27 skin 30 %
29 22.3 30 %
31 , 33 hollow
31 , 39 ,
33 hollow 34 20.8
34 20.8 37 trough
35 ( 37 trough
36 tear 37 trough
37 trough 38 15.5
37 trough 39 ,
39 , 50 orbicularis
40 lateral 49 ,
40 lateral 50 orbicularis
41 orbital 42 rim
42 rim 43 5.3
42 rim 47 confluence
45 )(, 47 confluence
46 septal 47 confluence
47 confluence 48 9.5
47 confluence 49 ,
50 orbicularis 51 oculi
50 orbicularis 52 muscle
50 orbicularis 53 hypertrophy
51 oculi 52 muscle
53 hypertrophy 54 3.6
54 3.6 63 fluid
55 , 63 fluid
56 triangular 58 mound
57 malar 58 mound
58 mound 59 3.4
58 mound 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 62 eyelid
61 and 63 fluid
63 fluid 64 0.5
63 fluid 65 .

the average uniqueness score was 40.1 % , and skin laxity and orbital fat [prolapse] had the highest average uniqueness score , but no single category played a dominant role in most patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 4 score
2 average 3 uniqueness
3 uniqueness 4 score
4 score 5 was
5 was 7 %
6 40.1 7 %
8 , 9 and
8 , 21 score
8 , 23 but
9 and 12 and
9 and 16 had
10 skin 11 laxity
11 laxity 12 and
12 and 14 fat
12 and 16 had
13 orbital 14 fat
16 had 20 uniqueness
16 had 21 score
17 the 18 highest
17 the 20 uniqueness
19 average 20 uniqueness
22 , 23 but
23 but 26 category
23 but 27 played
24 no 26 category
25 single 26 category
26 category 27 played
27 played 30 role
27 played 31 in
28 a 29 dominant
28 a 30 role
29 dominant 30 role
31 in 33 patients
32 most 33 patients

medial orbital fat [prolapse] and skin laxity had the highest proportion of grade 3 scores of 9.5 [%] and 6.7 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 grade
1 medial 3 fat
2 orbital 3 fat
3 fat 5 and
5 and 6 skin
5 and 7 laxity
5 and 12 of
5 and 13 grade
7 laxity 8 had
8 had 11 proportion
9 the 10 highest
9 the 11 proportion
11 proportion 12 of
13 grade 15 scores
13 grade 23 respectively
14 3 15 scores
15 scores 16 of
16 of 21 %
17 9.5 19 and
19 and 20 6.7
19 and 21 %
22 , 23 respectively
23 respectively 24 .

when the patients were grouped according to age , [either] younger than 50 years or older than 50 years [,] there was a prominent difference in orbital fat prolapse and skin laxity between the 2 groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 when
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 the 3 patients
3 patients 4 were
4 were 5 grouped
5 grouped 7 to
5 grouped 9 ,
5 grouped 11 younger
6 according 7 to
7 to 8 age
11 younger 12 than
12 than 19 years
12 than 30 and
13 50 14 years
14 years 15 or
15 or 16 older
15 or 19 years
16 older 17 than
18 50 19 years
19 years 21 there
19 years 22 was
19 years 30 and
21 there 22 was
22 was 25 difference
23 a 25 difference
24 prominent 25 difference
25 difference 26 in
26 in 28 fat
27 orbital 28 fat
29 prolapse 30 and
30 and 31 skin
31 skin 32 laxity
32 laxity 33 between
33 between 36 groups
34 the 36 groups
35 2 36 groups

conclusions : various anatomic factors were related to periorbital changes in asian patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 factors
2 : 7 related
2 : 14 .
3 various 5 factors
4 anatomic 5 factors
5 factors 6 were
6 were 7 related
7 related 8 to
7 related 11 in
8 to 10 changes
9 periorbital 10 changes
11 in 13 patients
12 asian 13 patients

understanding of the complex factors that contribute to periorbital changes during the aging process may allow for adequate and customized surgery for each patient and help in prevention of postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 understanding 2 of
1 understanding 11 during
1 understanding 15 may
2 of 5 factors
3 the 5 factors
4 complex 5 factors
5 factors 6 that
5 factors 7 contribute
6 that 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 to
8 to 10 changes
9 periorbital 10 changes
11 during 14 process
12 the 14 process
13 aging 14 process
15 may 17 for
16 allow 17 for
17 for 19 and
17 for 22 for
17 for 27 in
18 adequate 19 and
19 and 21 surgery
20 customized 21 surgery
22 for 25 and
23 each 24 patient
24 patient 25 and
25 and 26 help
27 in 28 prevention
28 prevention 29 of
29 of 31 complications
30 postoperative 31 complications

importance : alzheimer disease ( ad ) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no effective therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 disease
2 : 8 is
2 : 16 .
3 alzheimer 4 disease
4 disease 6 ad
4 disease 8 is
5 ( 6 ad
6 ad 7 )
8 is 11 disorder
9 a 10 neurodegenerative
9 a 11 disorder
10 neurodegenerative 11 disorder
11 disorder 12 with
12 with 15 therapies
13 no 15 therapies
14 effective 15 therapies

in 1984 , the national institute on aging created the first 5 ad centers ( adcs ) in an effort to coordinate research efforts into the pathology and treatment of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 institute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 1984
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 institute
4 the 6 institute
5 national 6 institute
6 institute 7 on
6 institute 9 created
7 on 8 aging
9 created 14 centers
9 created 18 in
9 created 21 to
10 the 11 first
10 the 12 5
12 5 14 centers
13 ad 14 centers
14 centers 16 adcs
15 ( 16 adcs
16 adcs 17 )
18 in 20 effort
19 an 20 effort
21 to 24 efforts
22 coordinate 24 efforts
23 research 24 efforts
24 efforts 25 into
24 efforts 30 of
25 into 28 and
26 the 27 pathology
27 pathology 28 and
28 and 29 treatment
30 of 32 disease
31 the 32 disease

since that time , the adc program has expanded to include 27 centers in major medical schools throughout the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expanded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 since 3 time
1 since 4 ,
1 since 7 program
2 that 3 time
5 the 7 program
6 adc 7 program
7 program 8 has
8 has 9 expanded
9 expanded 10 to
10 to 11 include
11 include 13 centers
11 include 14 in
11 include 18 throughout
12 27 13 centers
14 in 17 schools
15 major 17 schools
16 medical 17 schools
18 throughout 21 states
19 the 21 states
20 united 21 states

a major aim of adcs is to develop shared resources , such as tissue samples and patient populations , and thereby promote large - scale [,] high - impact studies that go beyond the capabilities of any single investigator or institution working in isolation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 a 2 major
1 a 3 aim
2 major 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 6 is
4 of 5 adcs
6 is 7 to
6 is 20 and
7 to 20 and
8 develop 10 resources
8 develop 20 and
9 shared 10 resources
10 resources 13 as
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 16 and
13 as 19 ,
14 tissue 15 samples
15 samples 16 and
16 and 18 populations
17 patient 18 populations
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 promote
20 and 33 beyond
21 thereby 22 promote
22 promote 30 studies
23 large 24 -
23 large 30 studies
25 scale 30 studies
27 high 28 -
27 high 29 impact
29 impact 30 studies
30 studies 31 that
30 studies 32 go
31 that 32 go
33 beyond 40 or
34 the 35 capabilities
35 capabilities 36 of
35 capabilities 40 or
36 of 39 investigator
37 any 39 investigator
38 single 39 investigator
40 or 41 institution
40 or 42 working
42 working 43 in
43 in 44 isolation

objective : to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the adc program over the past 25 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 5 evaluate
2 : 17 .
3 to 5 evaluate
4 quantitatively 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 performance
5 evaluate 12 over
6 the 7 performance
7 performance 8 of
8 of 11 program
9 the 11 program
10 adc 11 program
12 over 16 years
13 the 14 past
13 the 15 25
15 25 16 years

design and setting : we systematically harvested every article published by adc investigators and used social network analysis to analyze copublication networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 setting
4 : 5 we
4 : 14 and
5 we 14 and
6 systematically 7 harvested
7 harvested 9 article
7 harvested 14 and
8 every 9 article
9 article 10 published
10 published 11 by
11 by 13 investigators
12 adc 13 investigators
14 and 15 used
15 used 18 analysis
15 used 19 to
15 used 20 analyze
16 social 17 network
17 network 18 analysis
19 to 20 analyze
20 analyze 22 networks
21 copublication 22 networks

results : a total of 12170 adc papers were published from 1985 through 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 10 published
2 : 15 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 were
5 of 8 papers
6 12170 8 papers
7 adc 8 papers
9 were 10 published
10 published 11 from
10 published 13 through
11 from 12 1985
13 through 14 2012

the frequency of collaborations has increased greatly from the time that the adcs were started until the present , even after the expansion of adcs and the recruitment of new investigators plateaued . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 of
2 frequency 5 has
3 of 4 collaborations
5 has 6 increased
6 increased 7 greatly
6 increased 8 from
6 increased 16 until
8 from 10 time
9 the 10 time
10 time 11 that
11 that 13 adcs
11 that 15 started
12 the 13 adcs
13 adcs 14 were
14 were 15 started
16 until 18 present
17 the 18 present
19 , 20 even
20 even 21 after
21 after 26 and
22 the 23 expansion
23 expansion 24 of
23 expansion 26 and
24 of 25 adcs
26 and 28 recruitment
26 and 29 of
27 the 28 recruitment
29 of 31 investigators
30 new 31 investigators
31 investigators 32 plateaued

moreover , the collaborations established within the context of the adc program are increasingly interinstitutional , [consistent] with the overall goal of the program to catalyze multicenter research teams . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 collaborations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 collaborations
3 the 4 collaborations
4 collaborations 5 established
4 collaborations 13 are
5 established 6 within
6 within 8 context
7 the 8 context
8 context 9 of
9 of 12 program
10 the 12 program
11 adc 12 program
13 are 14 increasingly
13 are 15 interinstitutional
16 , 28 research
16 , 29 teams
18 with 21 goal
18 with 28 research
19 the 21 goal
20 overall 21 goal
21 goal 22 of
22 of 24 program
23 the 24 program
24 program 25 to
24 program 26 catalyze
25 to 26 catalyze
26 catalyze 27 multicenter
28 research 29 teams

most important , we determined that collaborative multi - adc research articles are consistently of higher impact than ad articles as a whole . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 most 2 important
2 important 3 ,
2 important 4 we
4 we 5 determined
5 determined 10 adc
5 determined 18 than
6 that 7 collaborative
7 collaborative 10 adc
8 multi 9 -
8 multi 10 adc
10 adc 12 articles
10 adc 13 are
10 adc 15 of
11 research 12 articles
12 articles 13 are
13 are 14 consistently
15 of 17 impact
16 higher 17 impact
18 than 19 ad
18 than 20 articles
19 ad 20 articles
20 articles 21 as
21 as 23 whole
22 a 23 whole

conclusions and relevance : the adc program has successfully fostered high - impact , multiuniversity collaborations ; we suggest that its structural and administrative features could be replicated in other fields of patient - oriented research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 7 program
4 : 10 fostered
4 : 14 ,
4 : 19 suggest
4 : 37 .
5 the 7 program
6 adc 7 program
7 program 8 has
8 has 10 fostered
9 successfully 10 fostered
10 fostered 13 impact
11 high 12 -
11 high 13 impact
14 , 16 collaborations
14 , 17 ;
15 multiuniversity 16 collaborations
17 ; 18 we
18 we 19 suggest
19 suggest 20 that
20 that 25 features
20 that 28 replicated
21 its 25 features
22 structural 23 and
23 and 24 administrative
23 and 25 features
25 features 26 could
26 could 27 be
27 be 28 replicated
28 replicated 29 in
29 in 31 fields
30 other 31 fields
31 fields 32 of
32 of 36 research
33 patient 34 -
33 patient 36 research
35 oriented 36 research

importance : parkinsonian motor signs are common in the aging population and [are] [associated] with adverse health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 5 signs
2 : 6 are
3 parkinsonian 4 motor
4 motor 5 signs
5 signs 6 are
6 are 7 common
7 common 12 and
8 in 11 population
8 in 12 and
9 the 11 population
10 aging 11 population
12 and 15 with
15 with 18 outcomes
16 adverse 18 outcomes
17 health 18 outcomes

compared with parkinson disease ( pd ) , potential genetic risk factors for mild parkinsonian signs have been largely unexplored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 8 ,
1 compared 12 factors
2 with 4 disease
3 parkinson 4 disease
4 disease 6 pd
5 ( 6 pd
6 pd 7 )
9 potential 12 factors
10 genetic 12 factors
11 risk 12 factors
12 factors 13 for
12 factors 17 have
13 for 16 signs
14 mild 16 signs
15 parkinsonian 16 signs
17 have 18 been
18 been 20 unexplored
19 largely 20 unexplored

objective : to determine whether pd susceptibility loci are associated with parkinsonism or substantia nigra pathology in a large community [-] based cohort of older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 11 with
5 whether 8 loci
5 whether 10 associated
6 pd 7 susceptibility
7 susceptibility 8 loci
8 loci 9 are
9 are 10 associated
11 with 16 pathology
12 parkinsonism 13 or
13 or 14 substantia
13 or 16 pathology
15 nigra 16 pathology
16 pathology 17 in
17 in 23 cohort
18 a 19 large
18 a 23 cohort
19 large 23 cohort
20 community 22 based
22 based 23 cohort
23 cohort 24 of
24 of 26 persons
25 older 26 persons

design , setting , and participants : eighteen candidate single - nucleotide polymorphisms from pd [genome] - wide association studies were evaluated in a joint clinicopathologic cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 design 3 setting
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 5 and
5 and 6 participants
7 : 20 studies
7 : 22 evaluated
7 : 28 .
8 eighteen 9 candidate
9 candidate 20 studies
10 single 13 polymorphisms
10 single 19 association
11 - 13 polymorphisms
12 nucleotide 13 polymorphisms
13 polymorphisms 14 from
13 polymorphisms 17 -
14 from 15 pd
18 wide 19 association
19 association 20 studies
20 studies 21 were
21 were 22 evaluated
22 evaluated 23 in
23 in 27 cohort
24 a 25 joint
24 a 27 cohort
25 joint 27 cohort
26 clinicopathologic 27 cohort

participants included 1698 individuals and a [nested] autopsy collection of 821 brains from the religious orders study and the rush memory and aging project , 2 prospective community - based studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
1 participants 2 included
2 included 5 and
2 included 13 from
3 1698 5 and
4 individuals 5 and
5 and 9 collection
6 a 9 collection
8 autopsy 9 collection
9 collection 10 of
10 of 12 brains
11 821 12 brains
13 from 22 and
14 the 17 study
15 religious 16 orders
16 orders 17 study
17 study 18 and
18 and 21 memory
18 and 22 and
19 the 21 memory
20 rush 21 memory
22 and 24 project
23 aging 24 project
25 , 28 community
25 , 29 -
26 2 28 community
27 prospective 28 community
29 - 31 studies
29 - 32 .
30 based 31 studies

main outcomes and measures : the primary outcomes were a quantitative measure of global parkinsonism or component measures of bradykinesia , rigidity , tremor , and gait impairment that were based on the motor unified parkinson 's disease rating scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
5 : 8 outcomes
5 : 9 were
5 : 41 .
6 the 8 outcomes
7 primary 8 outcomes
8 outcomes 9 were
9 were 26 and
10 a 11 quantitative
10 a 12 measure
11 quantitative 12 measure
12 measure 13 of
12 measure 19 of
12 measure 23 ,
13 of 18 measures
14 global 18 measures
15 parkinsonism 16 or
16 or 17 component
16 or 18 measures
19 of 22 rigidity
20 bradykinesia 21 ,
20 bradykinesia 22 rigidity
23 , 24 tremor
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 impairment
26 and 29 that
26 and 30 were
27 gait 28 impairment
29 that 30 were
30 were 31 based
31 based 32 on
32 on 40 scale
33 the 34 motor
34 motor 36 parkinson
35 unified 36 parkinson
36 parkinson 37 's
37 's 40 scale
38 disease 39 rating
39 rating 40 scale

in secondary analyses , we examined associations with additional quantitative motor traits and postmortem indices , including substantia nigra lewy bodies and neuronal loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 analyses
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 secondary 3 analyses
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 7 associations
6 examined 8 with
8 with 22 and
9 additional 12 traits
10 quantitative 11 motor
11 motor 12 traits
12 traits 13 and
13 and 15 indices
13 and 16 ,
13 and 17 including
13 and 22 and
14 postmortem 15 indices
17 including 21 bodies
18 substantia 19 nigra
19 nigra 21 bodies
20 lewy 21 bodies
22 and 24 loss
23 neuronal 24 loss

results : parkinson disease risk alleles in the mapt ( rs2942168 [;] p = .0006[!] ) and ccdc62 ( rs12817488 [;] p = .004[!] ) loci were associated with global parkinsonism , and these associations remained after exclusion of patients with a pd diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 17 and
3 parkinson 6 alleles
4 disease 6 alleles
5 risk 6 alleles
6 alleles 7 in
6 alleles 17 and
7 in 9 mapt
8 the 9 mapt
9 mapt 11 rs2942168
10 ( 11 rs2942168
11 rs2942168 14 =
11 rs2942168 16 )
13 p 14 =
14 = 15 .0006[!]
17 and 18 ccdc62
17 and 26 loci
17 and 27 were
17 and 28 associated
18 ccdc62 20 rs12817488
19 ( 20 rs12817488
20 rs12817488 23 =
20 rs12817488 25 )
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 .004[!]
26 loci 27 were
28 associated 29 with
28 associated 37 after
29 with 33 and
30 global 31 parkinsonism
31 parkinsonism 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 these
33 and 35 associations
33 and 36 remained
35 associations 36 remained
37 after 38 exclusion
38 exclusion 39 of
39 of 40 patients
40 patients 41 with
41 with 44 diagnosis
42 a 44 diagnosis
43 pd 44 diagnosis

in the autopsy cohort , only nmd3 ( rs34016896 [;] p = .03[!] ) was related to nigral neuronal loss , and no associations were detected with lewy bodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 4 cohort
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 only
2 the 4 cohort
3 autopsy 4 cohort
6 only 7 nmd3
7 nmd3 9 rs34016896
7 nmd3 15 was
8 ( 9 rs34016896
9 rs34016896 12 =
9 rs34016896 14 )
11 p 12 =
12 = 13 .03[!]
15 was 16 related
16 related 17 to
17 to 20 loss
18 nigral 20 loss
19 neuronal 20 loss
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 associations
22 and 26 detected
23 no 24 associations
24 associations 25 were
25 were 26 detected
26 detected 27 with
27 with 29 bodies
28 lewy 29 bodies

conclusions and relevance : in addition to the established link to pd susceptibility , our results support a broader role for several loci in the development of parkinsonian motor signs and nigral pathology in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 16 results
4 : 17 support
5 in 6 addition
5 in 14 ,
5 in 16 results
6 addition 7 to
7 to 10 link
8 the 10 link
9 established 10 link
10 link 11 to
11 to 13 susceptibility
12 pd 13 susceptibility
15 our 16 results
16 results 17 support
17 support 31 and
18 a 20 role
19 broader 20 role
20 role 21 for
20 role 24 in
20 role 31 and
21 for 23 loci
22 several 23 loci
24 in 26 development
25 the 26 development
26 development 27 of
27 of 30 signs
28 parkinsonian 30 signs
29 motor 30 signs
31 and 33 pathology
31 and 34 in
32 nigral 33 pathology
34 in 36 persons
35 older 36 persons

anorexia nervosa ( an ) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nervosa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 anorexia 2 nervosa
2 nervosa 4 an
2 nervosa 6 is
3 ( 4 an
4 an 5 )
6 is 9 and
6 is 14 by
7 a 8 complex
8 complex 9 and
9 and 12 disorder
9 and 13 characterized
10 heritable 12 disorder
11 eating 12 disorder
14 by 18 weight
15 dangerously 16 low
16 low 17 body
17 body 18 weight

neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome - wide association study ( gwas ) have yielded significant and replicated results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 neither 5 nor
2 candidate 4 studies
3 gene 4 studies
4 studies 5 nor
5 nor 8 genome
6 an 7 initial
6 an 8 genome
7 initial 8 genome
9 - 12 study
9 - 19 and
9 - 22 .
10 wide 11 association
11 association 12 study
12 study 14 gwas
12 study 19 and
13 ( 14 gwas
14 gwas 15 )
16 have 17 yielded
16 have 19 and
17 yielded 18 significant
19 and 20 replicated
20 replicated 21 results

we performed a gwas in 2907 cases with an from 14 countries ( 15 sites ) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the genetic consortium for an ( gcan ) and the wellcome trust case control consortium 3 ( wtccc3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 4 gwas
2 performed 8 with
2 performed 23 as
3 a 4 gwas
4 gwas 5 in
5 in 7 cases
6 2907 7 cases
8 with 17 and
9 an 10 from
9 an 17 and
10 from 12 countries
11 14 12 countries
12 countries 15 sites
13 ( 15 sites
14 15 15 sites
15 sites 16 )
17 and 22 controls
18 14 22 controls
19 860 22 controls
20 ancestrally 21 matched
21 matched 22 controls
23 as 34 and
24 part 25 of
24 part 34 and
25 of 28 consortium
26 the 28 consortium
27 genetic 28 consortium
28 consortium 29 for
29 for 32 gcan
30 an 32 gcan
31 ( 32 gcan
32 gcan 33 )
34 and 40 consortium
34 and 43 wtccc3
35 the 40 consortium
36 wellcome 37 trust
37 trust 38 case
38 case 39 control
39 control 40 consortium
40 consortium 41 3
42 ( 43 wtccc3
43 wtccc3 44 )

individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta - analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
1 individual 2 association
2 association 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 in
6 in 9 and
7 each 8 stratum
8 stratum 9 and
9 and 10 meta
9 and 12 analyzed
11 - 12 analyzed
12 analyzed 13 across
12 analyzed 19 .
13 across 18 sets
14 all 15 15
15 15 18 sets
16 discovery 17 data
17 data 18 sets

seventy - six ( 72 independent ) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico ( two data sets ) or de novo [(] 13 data sets [ )(replication genotyping in 2677 independent an cases and 8629 european ancestry controls along with 458 an cases and 421 controls from japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 seventy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 six
2 - 22 or
3 six 5 72
4 ( 5 72
5 72 10 polymorphisms
5 72 14 for
5 72 15 in
5 72 20 sets
5 72 21 )
6 independent 7 )
6 independent 10 polymorphisms
8 single 10 polymorphisms
9 nucleotide 10 polymorphisms
10 polymorphisms 11 were
11 were 12 taken
12 taken 13 forward
12 taken 14 for
15 in 16 silico
17 ( 20 sets
18 two 20 sets
19 data 20 sets
20 sets 21 )
22 or 27 data
22 or 28 sets
23 de 24 novo
24 novo 27 data
26 13 27 data
27 data 28 sets
28 sets 37 and
28 sets 43 with
30 )(replication 31 genotyping
31 genotyping 32 in
31 genotyping 37 and
32 in 33 2677
33 2677 35 an
33 2677 36 cases
34 independent 35 an
35 an 36 cases
37 and 41 controls
38 8629 41 controls
39 european 41 controls
40 ancestry 41 controls
42 along 43 with
43 with 47 and
44 458 46 cases
45 an 46 cases
46 cases 47 and
47 and 49 controls
47 and 52 .
48 421 49 controls
49 controls 50 from
50 from 51 japan

the final global meta - analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 an cases and 21 080 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 6 analysis
2 final 6 analysis
3 global 6 analysis
4 meta 5 -
4 meta 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 across
6 analysis 9 and
7 across 8 discovery
9 and 12 sets
9 and 13 comprised
10 replication 11 data
11 data 12 sets
13 comprised 17 and
14 5551 17 and
15 an 16 cases
16 cases 17 and
17 and 20 controls
18 21 20 controls
19 080 20 controls

an [subtype] analyses ( 1606 an restricting [;] 1445 an [binge] - purge [ )(were performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 an
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 an 3 analyses
1 an 13 purge
1 an 15 )(were
3 analyses 6 an
3 analyses 13 purge
4 ( 6 an
5 1606 6 an
6 an 7 restricting
6 an 12 -
7 restricting 10 an
9 1445 10 an
15 )(were 16 performed

no findings reached genome - wide significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 no
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 no 4 genome
2 findings 3 reached
3 reached 4 genome
5 - 7 significance
6 wide 7 significance

two intronic variants were suggestively associated [:] rs9839776 ( p=3.01 × 10 ( - 7 ) ) in sox2ot and rs17030795 ( p=5.84 × 10 ( - 6 ) ) in ppp3ca . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 two 3 variants
2 intronic 3 variants
3 variants 4 were
4 were 8 rs9839776
4 were 18 in
4 were 31 in
5 suggestively 6 associated
6 associated 8 rs9839776
8 rs9839776 11 ×
9 ( 11 ×
10 p=3.01 11 ×
11 × 12 10
11 × 15 7
11 × 17 )
13 ( 15 7
14 - 15 7
15 7 16 )
18 in 20 and
19 sox2ot 20 and
20 and 21 rs17030795
20 and 24 ×
22 ( 24 ×
23 p=5.84 24 ×
24 × 25 10
24 × 28 6
24 × 30 )
26 ( 28 6
27 - 28 6
28 6 29 )
31 in 32 ppp3ca

two additional signals were specific to europeans [:] rs1523921 ( p=5.76 × 10 ( - [ )( 6 ) ) between cul3 and fam124b and rs1886797 ( p=8.05 × 10 ( - [ )( 6 ) ) near spata13 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 signals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 two 3 signals
2 additional 3 signals
3 signals 4 were
4 were 5 specific
5 specific 6 to
5 specific 21 between
5 specific 38 near
6 to 9 rs1523921
7 europeans 9 rs1523921
9 rs1523921 12 ×
10 ( 12 ×
11 p=5.76 12 ×
12 × 13 10
12 × 18 6
12 × 20 )
14 ( 18 6
15 - 18 6
18 6 19 )
21 between 25 and
22 cul3 23 and
23 and 24 fam124b
23 and 25 and
25 and 26 rs1886797
25 and 29 ×
27 ( 29 ×
28 p=8.05 29 ×
29 × 30 10
29 × 35 6
29 × 37 )
31 ( 35 6
32 - 35 6
35 6 36 )
38 near 39 spata13

comparing discovery with replication results , 76 % of the effects were in the same direction , an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance ( p=4 × 10 ( - 6 ) ) , strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample , the largest yet reported , was underpowered for their detection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 comparing 2 discovery
1 comparing 3 with
1 comparing 6 ,
1 comparing 8 %
3 with 5 results
4 replication 5 results
7 76 8 %
8 % 9 of
8 % 12 were
9 of 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
12 were 13 in
13 in 16 direction
14 the 15 same
14 the 16 direction
16 direction 19 observation
17 , 19 observation
18 an 19 observation
19 observation 21 unlikely
19 observation 29 ×
19 observation 35 )
20 highly 21 unlikely
21 unlikely 22 to
21 unlikely 26 chance
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 due
24 due 25 to
24 due 26 chance
25 to 26 chance
27 ( 29 ×
28 p=4 29 ×
29 × 30 10
29 × 33 6
29 × 34 )
31 ( 33 6
32 - 33 6
33 6 34 )
36 , 38 suggesting
36 , 52 was
37 strongly 38 suggesting
38 suggesting 41 findings
38 suggesting 42 exist
38 suggesting 52 was
39 that 40 true
40 true 41 findings
42 exist 43 but
43 but 45 sample
44 our 45 sample
46 , 50 reported
47 the 48 largest
48 largest 50 reported
49 yet 50 reported
50 reported 51 ,
50 reported 52 was
52 was 53 underpowered
53 underpowered 54 for
54 for 56 detection
55 their 56 detection

the accrual [of] large genotyped an case - control samples should be an immediate priority for the field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 the 7 case
2 accrual 7 case
4 large 7 case
5 genotyped 7 case
6 an 7 case
8 - 10 samples
8 - 12 be
8 - 19 .
9 control 10 samples
10 samples 11 should
11 should 12 be
12 be 15 priority
13 an 14 immediate
13 an 15 priority
14 immediate 15 priority
15 priority 16 for
16 for 18 field
17 the 18 field

although there are many studies demonstrating a high percentage of adult athletes who start exercise in suboptimal hydration state [,] limited data concerning hydration levels in athletic youth exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 are
1 although 22 data
2 there 3 are
3 are 5 studies
4 many 5 studies
5 studies 6 demonstrating
5 studies 13 who
5 studies 14 start
6 demonstrating 9 percentage
7 a 9 percentage
8 high 9 percentage
9 percentage 10 of
10 of 12 athletes
11 adult 12 athletes
13 who 14 start
14 start 15 exercise
14 start 16 in
17 suboptimal 19 state
18 hydration 19 state
19 state 22 data
21 limited 22 data
22 data 23 concerning
22 data 29 exist
23 concerning 25 levels
24 hydration 25 levels
25 levels 26 in
26 in 28 youth
27 athletic 28 youth

the purpose of this study was to identify the hydration status of elite young athletes of different sports , during a typical day of training . 
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 11 status
9 the 11 status
10 hydration 11 status
11 status 12 of
12 of 15 athletes
13 elite 15 athletes
14 young 15 athletes
15 athletes 16 of
16 of 18 sports
17 different 18 sports
18 sports 20 during
19 , 20 during
20 during 23 day
20 during 26 .
21 a 23 day
22 typical 23 day
23 day 24 of
24 of 25 training

fifty - nine young elite male athletes from different sports ( basketball , gymnastics , swimming , running , and canoeing ) participated in the study ( age [:] 15.2 ± 1.3 years [;] years of training : 7.7 ± 2.0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 fifty 2 -
2 - 3 nine
2 - 7 athletes
4 young 7 athletes
5 elite 7 athletes
6 male 7 athletes
7 athletes 8 from
7 athletes 20 and
8 from 10 sports
9 different 10 sports
10 sports 12 basketball
10 sports 14 gymnastics
10 sports 16 swimming
11 ( 12 basketball
12 basketball 13 ,
13 , 14 gymnastics
14 gymnastics 15 ,
15 , 16 swimming
16 swimming 18 running
16 swimming 19 ,
17 , 18 running
18 running 19 ,
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 canoeing
20 and 22 )
20 and 23 participated
23 participated 24 in
24 in 26 study
25 the 26 study
26 study 35 years
27 ( 35 years
28 age 35 years
30 15.2 31 ±
31 ± 35 years
32 1.3 33 years
33 years 35 years
35 years 36 of
35 years 38 :
35 years 42 )
36 of 37 training
38 : 39 7.7
38 : 40 ±
39 7.7 40 ±
40 ± 41 2.0

hydration status was assessed in the morning [,] before and immediately after practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 hydration 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 in
5 in 7 morning
6 the 7 morning
7 morning 10 and
9 before 10 and
10 and 11 immediately
10 and 12 after
12 after 13 practice

data [collection] took place at the same time of the day , with mean environmental temperature and humidity at the time of the measurements at 27.6 ± 0.9 ° c and 58 ± 8 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 took
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 data 3 took
3 took 4 place
3 took 5 at
3 took 13 with
3 took 37 respectively
5 at 8 time
6 the 7 same
7 same 8 time
8 time 9 of
9 of 11 day
10 the 11 day
12 , 13 with
13 with 17 and
13 with 36 ,
14 mean 16 temperature
15 environmental 16 temperature
16 temperature 17 and
17 and 18 humidity
17 and 19 at
19 at 21 time
20 the 21 time
21 time 22 of
21 time 25 at
21 time 31 and
21 time 33 ±
22 of 24 measurements
23 the 24 measurements
25 at 27 ±
26 27.6 27 ±
28 0.9 29 °
28 0.9 31 and
29 ° 30 c
31 and 32 58
31 and 33 ±
33 ± 35 %
34 8 35 %

all athletes trained for approximately 90 minutes , and they were consuming fluids ad libitum throughout their practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 athletes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 all 2 athletes
2 athletes 3 trained
2 athletes 11 were
3 trained 4 for
4 for 9 and
5 approximately 6 90
6 90 7 minutes
7 minutes 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 they
11 were 12 consuming
12 consuming 13 fluids
12 consuming 15 libitum
12 consuming 16 throughout
14 ad 15 libitum
16 throughout 18 practice
17 their 18 practice

over 89 % of the athletes [were] hypohydrated ( urine specific gravity [ usg ] ≥1.020 mg·dl [ )(based on their first morning urine sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ≥1.020
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 over 2 89
2 89 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 16 ≥1.020
4 of 6 athletes
5 the 6 athletes
6 athletes 8 hypohydrated
6 athletes 12 gravity
9 ( 12 gravity
10 urine 12 gravity
11 specific 12 gravity
12 gravity 14 usg
12 gravity 15 ]
13 [ 14 usg
14 usg 15 ]
16 ≥1.020 17 mg·dl
16 ≥1.020 20 on
17 mg·dl 19 )(based
20 on 25 sample
21 their 25 sample
22 first 23 morning
23 morning 25 sample
24 urine 25 sample

pretraining urine samples revealed that 76.3 % of the athletes were hypohydrated , whereas a significant high percent remained hypohydrated even after training according to usg values ≥1.020 mg·dl ( 74.5 % ) and urine color scale : 5 - 6 ( 76.3 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pretraining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 pretraining 2 urine
1 pretraining 14 whereas
1 pretraining 22 after
1 pretraining 38 :
2 urine 12 hypohydrated
3 samples 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 7 %
5 that 12 hypohydrated
6 76.3 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 11 were
8 of 10 athletes
9 the 10 athletes
11 were 12 hypohydrated
12 hypohydrated 13 ,
14 whereas 17 high
14 whereas 20 hypohydrated
15 a 16 significant
15 a 17 high
16 significant 17 high
17 high 18 percent
17 high 19 remained
17 high 20 hypohydrated
18 percent 19 remained
20 hypohydrated 21 even
22 after 34 and
23 training 24 according
23 training 34 and
24 according 25 to
24 according 29 mg·dl
25 to 27 values
26 usg 27 values
28 ≥1.020 29 mg·dl
29 mg·dl 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 74.5 32 %
32 % 33 )
34 and 37 scale
35 urine 36 color
36 color 37 scale
38 : 39 5
39 5 41 6
40 - 41 6
41 6 44 %
41 6 45 )
42 ( 44 %
43 76.3 44 %
44 % 45 )

mean body weight loss during training was - 1.1 ± 0.07 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 mean 7 was
2 body 4 loss
3 weight 4 loss
4 loss 5 during
4 loss 7 was
5 during 6 training
8 - 9 1.1
8 - 10 ±
8 - 13 .
9 1.1 10 ±
10 ± 12 %
11 0.07 12 %

we concluded that the prevalence of hypohydration among elite young athletes is very high , as indicated by the usg and urine color values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 concluded
2 concluded 3 that
3 that 5 prevalence
3 that 12 is
4 the 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 of
5 prevalence 12 is
6 of 7 hypohydration
7 hypohydration 8 among
8 among 11 athletes
9 elite 11 athletes
10 young 11 athletes
12 is 14 high
12 is 16 as
13 very 14 high
15 , 16 as
16 as 17 indicated
17 indicated 18 by
17 indicated 24 values
18 by 21 and
19 the 20 usg
20 usg 21 and
21 and 22 urine
23 color 24 values

the majority of the athletes was hypohydrated throughout the day and dehydrated even more during practice despite fluid availability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 6 was
3 of 5 athletes
4 the 5 athletes
6 was 11 and
7 hypohydrated 8 throughout
7 hypohydrated 11 and
8 throughout 10 day
9 the 10 day
11 and 12 dehydrated
11 and 14 more
11 and 15 during
11 and 17 despite
13 even 14 more
15 during 16 practice
17 despite 19 availability
18 fluid 19 availability

adults older than 65 years of age with vision impairment are more likely to have difficulty managing medications compared with people having normal vision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 adults 2 older
1 adults 6 of
1 adults 11 are
2 older 3 than
3 than 5 years
4 65 5 years
6 of 7 age
7 age 8 with
8 with 10 impairment
9 vision 10 impairment
11 are 13 likely
12 more 13 likely
13 likely 14 to
13 likely 15 have
14 to 15 have
15 have 16 difficulty
15 have 20 with
16 difficulty 17 managing
17 managing 18 medications
18 medications 19 compared
20 with 21 people
21 people 22 having
22 having 24 vision
23 normal 24 vision

this patient population has difficulty reading medication information and may take the wrong medication or incorrect doses of medication , resulting in serious consequences , including overdose or inadequate treatment of health problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 3 population
2 patient 3 population
3 population 9 and
4 has 8 information
4 has 9 and
5 difficulty 8 information
6 reading 8 information
7 medication 8 information
9 and 10 may
9 and 22 in
10 may 11 take
11 take 15 or
12 the 14 medication
13 wrong 14 medication
14 medication 15 or
15 or 17 doses
15 or 20 ,
15 or 21 resulting
16 incorrect 17 doses
17 doses 18 of
18 of 19 medication
22 in 28 or
23 serious 24 consequences
24 consequences 25 ,
25 , 27 overdose
25 , 28 or
26 including 27 overdose
28 or 30 treatment
28 or 31 of
29 inadequate 30 treatment
31 of 33 problems
32 health 33 problems

visually impaired patients report increased anxiety related to medication management and must rely on others to obtain necessary drug information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 visually 2 impaired
2 impaired 3 patients
3 patients 4 report
4 report 6 anxiety
5 increased 6 anxiety
6 anxiety 11 and
6 anxiety 16 to
6 anxiety 17 obtain
7 related 8 to
7 related 11 and
8 to 10 management
9 medication 10 management
11 and 12 must
12 must 13 rely
13 rely 14 on
14 on 15 others
16 to 17 obtain
17 obtain 20 information
18 necessary 19 drug
19 drug 20 information

pharmacists have a unique opportunity to pursue accurate medication [adherence] in this special population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pharmacists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 pharmacists 2 have
2 have 5 opportunity
3 a 5 opportunity
4 unique 5 opportunity
5 opportunity 6 to
5 opportunity 7 pursue
6 to 7 pursue
7 pursue 9 medication
7 pursue 11 in
8 accurate 9 medication
11 in 14 population
12 this 13 special
13 special 14 population

this article reviews literature illustrating [how] severe medication mismanagement can occur in the visually impaired elderly and presents resources and solutions for pharmacists to take a larger role in adherence management in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 4 literature
2 article 4 literature
3 reviews 4 literature
4 literature 5 illustrating
4 literature 10 can
5 illustrating 9 mismanagement
7 severe 8 medication
8 medication 9 mismanagement
10 can 11 occur
11 occur 12 in
11 occur 22 for
11 occur 24 to
11 occur 25 take
12 in 20 and
13 the 19 resources
14 visually 15 impaired
15 impaired 19 resources
16 elderly 17 and
17 and 18 presents
17 and 19 resources
19 resources 20 and
20 and 21 solutions
22 for 23 pharmacists
24 to 25 take
25 take 28 role
25 take 29 in
25 take 32 in
26 a 28 role
27 larger 28 role
29 in 31 management
30 adherence 31 management
32 in 34 population
33 this 34 population

changes in body weight can affect the overall health of an older patient and should [not] be considered a normal part of the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 18 considered
2 in 4 weight
3 body 4 weight
4 weight 14 and
5 can 6 affect
5 can 14 and
6 affect 9 health
7 the 9 health
8 overall 9 health
9 health 10 of
10 of 13 patient
11 an 13 patient
12 older 13 patient
14 and 15 should
15 should 17 be
18 considered 21 part
19 a 20 normal
19 a 21 part
20 normal 21 part
21 part 22 of
22 of 25 process
23 the 25 process
24 aging 25 process

in particular , weight loss can lead to numerous adverse health outcomes affecting daily activities , loss of functional status , and increased mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 weight
1 in 5 loss
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 weight
5 loss 22 and
6 can 7 lead
6 can 22 and
7 lead 8 to
8 to 12 outcomes
9 numerous 11 health
10 adverse 11 health
11 health 12 outcomes
12 outcomes 13 affecting
12 outcomes 17 loss
13 affecting 15 activities
14 daily 15 activities
16 , 17 loss
17 loss 18 of
17 loss 21 ,
18 of 20 status
19 functional 20 status
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 increased
23 increased 24 mortality

approximately 15 % to 20 % of older adults experience unintentional weight loss and require intervention to maintain quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 approximately 2 15
2 15 3 %
3 % 4 to
3 % 14 and
4 to 6 %
5 20 6 %
6 % 7 of
7 of 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 experience 13 loss
10 experience 14 and
11 unintentional 12 weight
12 weight 13 loss
14 and 15 require
15 require 16 intervention
15 require 17 to
15 require 18 maintain
17 to 18 maintain
18 maintain 19 quality
19 quality 20 of
20 of 21 life

currently , there are no pharmacologic agents indicated to treat unintentional weight loss in older adults ; however , several medications may aid by stimulating appetite [and/or] promoting weight gain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 7 agents
5 no 7 agents
6 pharmacologic 7 agents
7 agents 8 indicated
7 agents 14 in
8 indicated 9 to
9 to 10 treat
10 treat 13 loss
11 unintentional 12 weight
12 weight 13 loss
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 ; 20 several
17 ; 30 gain
18 however 19 ,
18 however 20 several
20 several 21 medications
20 several 23 aid
20 several 30 gain
21 medications 22 may
22 may 23 aid
23 aid 24 by
24 by 26 appetite
25 stimulating 26 appetite
26 appetite 28 promoting
28 promoting 29 weight

in recent years , mirtazapine has gained attention [not] only for its antidepressant effects , but also for its potential benefits in underweight patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mirtazapine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 gained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 mirtazapine
2 recent 3 years
5 mirtazapine 6 has
6 has 7 gained
7 gained 8 attention
7 gained 10 only
7 gained 22 in
10 only 16 but
11 for 14 effects
11 for 16 but
12 its 14 effects
13 antidepressant 14 effects
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 also
16 but 18 for
18 for 21 benefits
19 its 21 benefits
20 potential 21 benefits
22 in 24 patients
23 underweight 24 patients

this agent has been found to increase appetite and weight in adults compared with placebo [and] other antidepressants , but further clinical investigation is necessary to determine the role of mirtazapine in the older underweight population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 agent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 agent
2 agent 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 increase
7 increase 8 appetite
9 and 10 weight
9 and 24 is
10 weight 11 in
10 weight 24 is
11 in 12 adults
12 adults 13 compared
13 compared 14 with
14 with 23 investigation
15 placebo 23 investigation
17 other 18 antidepressants
18 antidepressants 20 but
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 further
20 but 23 investigation
22 clinical 23 investigation
24 is 25 necessary
25 necessary 26 to
25 necessary 27 determine
26 to 27 determine
27 determine 29 role
27 determine 32 in
28 the 29 role
29 role 30 of
30 of 31 mirtazapine
32 in 36 population
33 the 36 population
34 older 36 population
35 underweight 36 population

highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) changed the natural history of pediatric hiv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 highly 2 active
2 active 4 therapy
3 antiretroviral 4 therapy
4 therapy 6 haart
4 therapy 8 changed
5 ( 6 haart
6 haart 7 )
8 changed 11 history
9 the 11 history
10 natural 11 history
11 history 12 of
12 of 15 infection
13 pediatric 15 infection
14 hiv 15 infection

this review focuses on trends of hiv - associated cancers in childhood in the haart era and analyses potential pathogenetic mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
4 on 5 trends
5 trends 6 of
6 of 7 hiv
8 - 17 and
9 associated 10 cancers
9 associated 11 in
9 associated 17 and
11 in 12 childhood
12 childhood 13 in
13 in 16 era
14 the 16 era
15 haart 16 era
17 and 18 analyses
18 analyses 21 mechanisms
19 potential 21 mechanisms
20 pathogenetic 21 mechanisms

haart reduced aids - defined - malignancies ( adm ) , but incidence [of] several [non] - adm is increasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 haart
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 haart 2 reduced
2 reduced 3 aids
2 reduced 12 but
3 aids 5 defined
3 aids 7 malignancies
4 - 5 defined
5 defined 6 -
6 - 7 malignancies
7 malignancies 9 adm
7 malignancies 11 ,
8 ( 9 adm
9 adm 10 )
12 but 13 incidence
13 incidence 15 several
17 - 18 adm
17 - 19 is
17 - 21 .
18 adm 19 is
19 is 20 increasing

hiv - associated immune activation and inflammation , promoting tumorigenesis , can only partially be reduced by haart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 hiv 6 and
1 hiv 12 can
2 - 6 and
3 associated 5 activation
4 immune 5 activation
5 activation 6 and
6 and 7 inflammation
6 and 9 promoting
6 and 11 ,
8 , 9 promoting
9 promoting 10 tumorigenesis
9 promoting 11 ,
12 can 15 be
13 only 15 be
14 partially 15 be
15 be 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 by
17 by 18 haart

in addition , hiv - infected children may undergo accelerated immune senescence that favors cancer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 undergo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 7 children
2 addition 4 hiv
3 , 4 hiv
4 hiv 5 -
6 infected 7 children
7 children 8 may
8 may 9 undergo
9 undergo 12 senescence
10 accelerated 12 senescence
11 immune 12 senescence
12 senescence 13 that
12 senescence 14 favors
13 that 14 favors
14 favors 16 development
15 cancer 16 development

how haart affects this condition is an open question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 how 2 haart
1 how 3 affects
1 how 6 is
2 haart 3 affects
3 affects 5 condition
4 this 5 condition
6 is 9 question
7 an 8 open
7 an 9 question
8 open 9 question

lastly , there is no evidence that prenatal exposure to haart increases the risk of cancer in childhood , but long - term studies are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 lastly 2 ,
1 lastly 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
5 no 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 9 exposure
7 that 12 increases
8 prenatal 9 exposure
9 exposure 10 to
9 exposure 12 increases
10 to 11 haart
12 increases 14 risk
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
14 risk 17 in
15 of 16 cancer
17 in 18 childhood
19 , 20 but
20 but 24 studies
20 but 26 needed
21 long 22 -
21 long 24 studies
23 term 24 studies
24 studies 25 are
25 are 26 needed

objective : the role of sedentary behaviour in metabolically healthy obesity is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 role
2 : 12 is
2 : 14 .
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 12 is
5 of 7 behaviour
6 sedentary 7 behaviour
7 behaviour 8 in
8 in 11 obesity
9 metabolically 10 healthy
10 healthy 11 obesity
12 is 13 unknown

we examined cross [-] sectional differences in television viewing time across metabolic and obesity phenotypes , hypothesizing that healthy obese individuals spend less time viewing television than their unhealthy counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 6 differences
3 cross 6 differences
5 sectional 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 9 viewing
6 differences 15 phenotypes
7 in 8 television
9 viewing 10 time
9 viewing 11 across
9 viewing 15 phenotypes
11 across 13 and
12 metabolic 13 and
13 and 14 obesity
15 phenotypes 17 hypothesizing
16 , 17 hypothesizing
17 hypothesizing 18 that
17 hypothesizing 31 .
18 that 21 individuals
18 that 22 spend
19 healthy 21 individuals
20 obese 21 individuals
21 individuals 22 spend
22 spend 24 time
22 spend 27 than
23 less 24 time
24 time 25 viewing
25 viewing 26 television
27 than 30 counterparts
28 their 30 counterparts
29 unhealthy 30 counterparts

methods : a nationally representative sample of 4931 older adults in england ( mean age 65.1 [;] sd=8.9 years ) was drawn from the 2008/9 wave of the english longitudinal study of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 sample
2 : 22 drawn
2 : 34 .
3 a 4 nationally
3 a 6 sample
4 nationally 5 representative
5 representative 6 sample
6 sample 7 of
6 sample 21 was
7 of 10 adults
8 4931 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 in
11 in 12 england
12 england 19 years
13 ( 19 years
14 mean 15 age
15 age 19 years
16 65.1 19 years
18 sd=8.9 19 years
19 years 20 )
21 was 22 drawn
22 drawn 23 from
23 from 26 wave
24 the 26 wave
25 2008/9 26 wave
26 wave 27 of
27 of 31 study
28 the 29 english
29 english 31 study
30 longitudinal 31 study
31 study 32 of
32 of 33 ageing

average weekly television viewing time was derived from two questions about weekday [and] weekend viewing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 television
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 average 3 television
2 weekly 3 television
3 television 4 viewing
3 television 6 was
4 viewing 5 time
6 was 7 derived
7 derived 8 from
7 derived 11 about
8 from 10 questions
9 two 10 questions
11 about 15 viewing
12 weekday 14 weekend
14 weekend 15 viewing

conclusions : a common type of leisure - time sedentary behaviour varies across metabolic and obesity [phenotypes] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 7 leisure
3 a 4 common
3 a 5 type
4 common 5 type
5 type 6 of
5 type 7 leisure
6 of 7 leisure
8 - 9 time
9 time 11 behaviour
9 time 12 varies
10 sedentary 11 behaviour
11 behaviour 12 varies
12 varies 13 across
13 across 15 and
14 metabolic 15 and
15 and 16 obesity

however , healthy obesity is not explained through differences in leisure - time sedentary behaviour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obesity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 obesity
3 healthy 4 obesity
4 obesity 5 is
5 is 6 not
5 is 8 through
5 is 10 in
6 not 7 explained
8 through 9 differences
10 in 11 leisure
12 - 13 time
12 - 16 .
13 time 15 behaviour
14 sedentary 15 behaviour

diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer are 2 of the most important public health concerns , especially in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
1 diabetes 2 mellitus
2 mellitus 3 and
3 and 5 cancer
3 and 6 are
4 prostate 5 cancer
6 are 7 2
7 2 8 of
8 of 14 concerns
9 the 10 most
10 most 14 concerns
11 important 14 concerns
12 public 14 concerns
13 health 14 concerns
14 concerns 17 in
15 , 16 especially
15 , 17 in
17 in 20 population
17 in 21 .
18 the 20 population
19 elderly 20 population

although diabetes has been recognized as a potent risk factor for many types of cancers , there is a large amount of evidence that shows that it has a protective role against prostate cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 2 diabetes
1 although 5 recognized
1 although 16 ,
1 although 17 there
2 diabetes 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 recognized
5 recognized 6 as
6 as 10 factor
7 a 8 potent
7 a 10 factor
8 potent 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 for
11 for 14 of
12 many 14 of
13 types 14 of
14 of 15 cancers
17 there 18 is
18 is 21 amount
18 is 32 against
19 a 20 large
19 a 21 amount
20 large 21 amount
21 amount 22 of
21 amount 26 that
22 of 23 evidence
23 evidence 25 shows
24 that 25 shows
26 that 27 it
26 that 28 has
27 it 28 has
28 has 31 role
29 a 30 protective
29 a 31 role
30 protective 31 role
32 against 34 cancer
33 prostate 34 cancer

the underlying cause of this protective role is not fully understood , however , some mechanisms have been proposed in this area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 cause
2 underlying 3 cause
3 cause 4 of
3 cause 8 is
4 of 7 role
5 this 7 role
6 protective 7 role
8 is 9 not
8 is 11 understood
10 fully 11 understood
11 understood 13 however
12 , 13 however
13 however 14 ,
14 , 16 mechanisms
14 , 19 proposed
15 some 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 have
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 proposed
19 proposed 20 in
20 in 22 area
21 this 22 area

in the present study we have reviewed these mechanisms and some new mechanisms are also proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 14 are
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
4 study 5 we
4 study 7 reviewed
5 we 6 have
6 have 7 reviewed
8 these 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 and
10 and 13 mechanisms
10 and 14 are
11 some 13 mechanisms
12 new 13 mechanisms
14 are 16 proposed
15 also 16 proposed

nearly half of people living with hiv experience cognitive deficits that may impact instrumental activities of daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 nearly 2 half
2 half 3 of
2 half 6 with
2 half 8 experience
3 of 4 people
4 people 5 living
6 with 7 hiv
8 experience 10 deficits
9 cognitive 10 deficits
10 deficits 11 that
10 deficits 12 may
11 that 12 may
12 may 13 impact
13 impact 15 activities
14 instrumental 15 activities
15 activities 16 of
16 of 18 living
17 daily 18 living

as the number of people aging with hiv increases , concerns mount that disease - related cognitive deficits may be compounded by age - related deficits , which may further compromise everyday functions such as driving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 concerns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 mount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 as 3 number
1 as 9 increases
1 as 10 ,
1 as 11 concerns
2 the 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 9 increases
4 of 5 people
5 people 6 aging
6 aging 7 with
7 with 8 hiv
11 concerns 12 mount
12 mount 14 disease
13 that 14 disease
15 - 18 deficits
15 - 21 compounded
15 - 25 related
15 - 27 ,
15 - 37 .
16 related 18 deficits
17 cognitive 18 deficits
18 deficits 19 may
19 may 20 be
20 be 21 compounded
21 compounded 22 by
22 by 23 age
24 - 25 related
25 related 26 deficits
25 related 27 ,
27 , 28 which
27 , 31 compromise
28 which 29 may
29 may 31 compromise
30 further 31 compromise
31 compromise 33 functions
31 compromise 35 as
32 everyday 33 functions
34 such 35 as
35 as 36 driving

in this cross - sectional pilot study , during [a] 2.5 - hour visit , 26 middle - aged and older adults ( 40 + years ) were administered demographic , health , psychosocial , and driving habits questionnaires ; cognitive assessments [;] and driving simulator tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 in 2 this
1 in 3 cross
4 - 7 study
4 - 12 -
5 sectional 6 pilot
6 pilot 7 study
7 study 9 during
8 , 9 during
9 during 11 2.5
9 during 12 -
12 - 14 visit
12 - 15 ,
13 hour 14 visit
15 , 17 middle
15 , 18 -
16 26 17 middle
18 - 22 adults
18 - 28 were
18 - 40 ;
19 aged 20 and
20 and 21 older
20 and 22 adults
22 adults 25 +
22 adults 28 were
23 ( 25 +
24 40 25 +
25 + 26 years
25 + 27 )
28 were 36 and
29 administered 32 health
30 demographic 31 ,
30 demographic 32 health
32 health 33 ,
33 , 34 psychosocial
33 , 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 39 questionnaires
37 driving 38 habits
38 habits 39 questionnaires
40 ; 44 and
41 cognitive 42 assessments
42 assessments 44 and
44 and 47 tests
45 driving 46 simulator
46 simulator 47 tests

although cd4+ t [lymphocyte] [count] and viral load were unrelated to driving performance , older age was related to poorer driving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 although 6 and
1 although 9 were
1 although 14 ,
1 although 16 age
2 cd4+ 3 t
2 cd4+ 6 and
6 and 8 load
6 and 9 were
7 viral 8 load
9 were 10 unrelated
10 unrelated 11 to
11 to 12 driving
12 driving 13 performance
15 older 16 age
16 age 17 was
17 was 18 related
18 related 19 to
19 to 21 driving
20 poorer 21 driving

furthermore , poorer visual speed of processing performance ( i.e [.] , useful field [of] view ) was related to poorer driving performance ( e.g [.] , average gross reaction time ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 speed
3 poorer 5 speed
4 visual 5 speed
5 speed 6 of
5 speed 10 i.e
5 speed 16 view
5 speed 18 was
6 of 7 processing
7 processing 8 performance
9 ( 10 i.e
10 i.e 12 ,
12 , 16 view
13 useful 14 field
14 field 16 view
16 view 17 )
18 was 19 related
19 related 20 to
20 to 23 performance
21 poorer 23 performance
22 driving 23 performance
23 performance 25 e.g
23 performance 31 time
24 ( 25 e.g
25 e.g 27 ,
27 , 31 time
28 average 31 time
29 gross 30 reaction
30 reaction 31 time
31 time 32 )

mixed findings were observed between driving performance and cognitive function [on] self - reported driving habits of participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 mixed 2 findings
2 findings 3 were
3 were 4 observed
4 observed 5 between
5 between 8 and
6 driving 7 performance
7 performance 8 and
8 and 12 self
9 cognitive 10 function
10 function 12 self
13 - 14 reported
14 reported 15 driving
15 driving 16 habits
16 habits 17 of
17 of 18 participants

implications for these findings on nursing practice and research are posited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 posited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 implications 2 for
1 implications 8 and
2 for 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 on
5 on 6 nursing
6 nursing 7 practice
8 and 9 research
8 and 10 are
10 are 11 posited

background : long - term longitudinal studies of lung function [from] childhood to adulthood are important in linking our understanding of childhood risk factors to adult disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 long
4 - 7 studies
4 - 15 are
4 - 28 .
5 term 7 studies
6 longitudinal 7 studies
7 studies 8 of
7 studies 15 are
8 of 12 childhood
9 lung 10 function
10 function 12 childhood
12 childhood 13 to
13 to 14 adulthood
15 are 16 important
16 important 17 in
16 important 25 to
17 in 18 linking
18 linking 20 understanding
19 our 20 understanding
20 understanding 21 of
21 of 24 factors
22 childhood 24 factors
23 risk 24 factors
25 to 27 disease
26 adult 27 disease

airway hyperresponsiveness has been shown to independently affect lung function growth in studies of adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hyperresponsiveness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 airway 2 hyperresponsiveness
2 hyperresponsiveness 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
6 to 8 affect
7 independently 8 affect
8 affect 11 growth
8 affect 12 in
9 lung 11 growth
10 function 11 growth
12 in 13 studies
13 studies 14 of
14 of 15 adolescence

the objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that airway hyperresponsiveness has an independent deleterious effect [on] lung function in adolescence that extends into adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 test
7 to 8 test
8 test 10 hypothesis
8 test 22 in
8 test 26 into
9 the 10 hypothesis
10 hypothesis 11 that
11 that 13 hyperresponsiveness
11 that 14 has
12 airway 13 hyperresponsiveness
13 hyperresponsiveness 14 has
14 has 21 function
15 an 16 independent
15 an 21 function
16 independent 21 function
17 deleterious 21 function
18 effect 21 function
20 lung 21 function
22 in 23 adolescence
23 adolescence 24 that
23 adolescence 25 extends
24 that 25 extends
26 into 27 adulthood

methods : a random population sample ( n = 983 ) aged 7 - 17 from copenhagen [was] followed longitudinally for 20 years with four examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 sample
2 : 12 aged
2 : 27 .
3 a 6 sample
4 random 5 population
5 population 6 sample
6 sample 9 =
6 sample 12 aged
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 983
9 = 11 )
12 aged 14 -
12 aged 16 from
12 aged 20 longitudinally
12 aged 21 for
12 aged 24 with
13 7 14 -
14 - 15 17
16 from 17 copenhagen
17 copenhagen 19 followed
21 for 23 years
22 20 23 years
24 with 26 examinations
25 four 26 examinations

results : a total of 780 ( 79.3 % ) subjects contributed with lung function measurements and bronchial provocation testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 subjects
4 total 12 contributed
5 of 6 780
6 780 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 79.3 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 subjects 12 contributed
12 contributed 13 with
13 with 17 and
14 lung 16 measurements
15 function 16 measurements
16 measurements 17 and
17 and 20 testing
18 bronchial 19 provocation
19 provocation 20 testing

among these , 170 ( 21.8 % ) had airway hyperresponsiveness at one examination or more during the study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 170
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 among 2 these
1 among 3 ,
1 among 4 170
4 170 7 %
4 170 9 had
5 ( 7 %
6 21.8 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 had 11 hyperresponsiveness
9 had 12 at
10 airway 11 hyperresponsiveness
12 at 13 one
13 one 15 or
14 examination 15 or
15 or 16 more
15 or 17 during
17 during 20 period
18 the 20 period
19 study 20 period

there was no difference in initial fev1 levels between subjects [with] and without airway hyperresponsiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 difference
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 12 and
5 in 8 levels
5 in 12 and
6 initial 8 levels
7 fev1 8 levels
8 levels 9 between
9 between 10 subjects
12 and 13 without
13 without 15 hyperresponsiveness
14 airway 15 hyperresponsiveness

in a repeated measures regression model with adjustment for asthma and smoking , airway hyperresponsiveness was independently associated with reduced rates of growth in lung function [in] [both] sexes of 23 ml/year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 hyperresponsiveness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 6 model
1 in 13 ,
1 in 15 hyperresponsiveness
2 a 6 model
3 repeated 4 measures
4 measures 5 regression
5 regression 6 model
6 model 7 with
6 model 9 for
7 with 8 adjustment
9 for 11 and
10 asthma 11 and
11 and 12 smoking
14 airway 15 hyperresponsiveness
15 hyperresponsiveness 16 was
16 was 17 independently
16 was 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 24 in
18 associated 32 ml/year
19 with 21 rates
20 reduced 21 rates
21 rates 22 of
22 of 23 growth
24 in 29 sexes
25 lung 29 sexes
26 function 29 sexes
29 sexes 30 of
30 of 31 23

reduced growth rates resulted in deficits in maximal attained level of lung function [at] age 18 , which persisted throughout [the] [follow] - up until the last examination at age 27 - 37 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 reduced 2 growth
2 growth 3 rates
3 rates 4 resulted
4 resulted 5 in
4 resulted 7 in
4 resulted 24 up
5 in 6 deficits
7 in 10 level
8 maximal 10 level
9 attained 10 level
10 level 11 of
11 of 15 age
12 lung 13 function
13 function 15 age
15 age 16 18
15 age 18 which
17 , 18 which
18 which 19 persisted
18 which 23 -
19 persisted 20 throughout
24 up 25 until
25 until 28 examination
26 the 28 examination
27 last 28 examination
28 examination 29 at
29 at 34 years
30 age 34 years
31 27 32 -
32 - 33 37
32 - 34 years

conclusion : airway hyperresponsiveness has an independent deleterious effect on lung function development from 7 to 37 years resulting in a lower maximal attained lung function and persistent deficits in lung function [in] adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 27 and
3 airway 19 resulting
4 hyperresponsiveness 5 has
5 has 9 effect
5 has 10 on
5 has 16 to
6 an 9 effect
7 independent 9 effect
8 deleterious 9 effect
10 on 13 development
11 lung 13 development
12 function 13 development
14 from 16 to
15 7 16 to
16 to 17 37
17 37 18 years
18 years 19 resulting
19 resulting 20 in
19 resulting 27 and
20 in 26 function
21 a 26 function
22 lower 25 lung
23 maximal 25 lung
24 attained 25 lung
25 lung 26 function
27 and 29 deficits
27 and 30 in
28 persistent 29 deficits
30 in 34 adulthood
31 lung 32 function
32 function 34 adulthood

despite the advances in cancer medicine and the resultant 20 % decline in cancer death rates for americans since 1991 , there remain distinct cancer health disparities among african americans , hispanics , native americans , and [the] those living in poverty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 despite 3 advances
1 despite 7 and
2 the 3 advances
3 advances 4 in
4 in 5 cancer
6 medicine 7 and
7 and 12 decline
7 and 21 ,
7 and 22 there
7 and 23 remain
8 the 12 decline
9 resultant 12 decline
10 20 11 %
11 % 12 decline
12 decline 13 in
12 decline 19 since
13 in 16 rates
14 cancer 15 death
15 death 16 rates
16 rates 17 for
17 for 18 americans
19 since 20 1991
23 remain 27 disparities
23 remain 28 among
23 remain 41 in
24 distinct 25 cancer
25 cancer 26 health
26 health 27 disparities
28 among 37 and
29 african 30 americans
30 americans 31 ,
31 , 32 hispanics
31 , 33 ,
33 , 35 americans
33 , 37 and
34 native 35 americans
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 those
37 and 40 living
41 in 42 poverty

minorities and the poor continue to bear the disproportionate burden of cancer , especially in terms of [stage] at diagnosis , incidence , and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 continue
1 minorities 2 and
2 and 4 poor
2 and 5 continue
3 the 4 poor
5 continue 6 to
5 continue 7 bear
6 to 7 bear
7 bear 10 burden
8 the 10 burden
9 disproportionate 10 burden
10 burden 11 of
11 of 12 cancer
12 cancer 15 in
13 , 14 especially
13 , 15 in
15 in 16 terms
15 in 26 .
16 terms 17 of
17 of 19 at
19 at 24 and
20 diagnosis 21 ,
21 , 22 incidence
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 mortality

cancer health disparities are persistent reminders that state - of [-] the [-] art cancer prevention , diagnosis , and treatment are not equally effective [for] and accessible to all americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disparities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 cancer 3 disparities
2 health 3 disparities
3 disparities 4 are
4 are 6 reminders
5 persistent 6 reminders
6 reminders 7 that
6 reminders 8 state
7 that 8 state
8 state 20 and
8 state 22 are
9 - 10 of
10 of 16 prevention
10 of 17 ,
10 of 20 and
12 the 16 prevention
14 art 16 prevention
15 cancer 16 prevention
18 diagnosis 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 treatment
20 and 22 are
22 are 23 not
22 are 24 equally
22 are 27 and
23 not 24 equally
25 effective 27 and
27 and 28 accessible
28 accessible 29 to
29 to 31 americans
30 all 31 americans

the cancer prevention model must take into account the phenotype of accelerated aging associated with health disparities as well as the important interplay of biological and sociocultural factors that lead to disparate health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 4 model
2 cancer 4 model
3 prevention 4 model
4 model 5 must
5 must 6 take
6 take 8 account
6 take 10 phenotype
7 into 8 account
9 the 10 phenotype
10 phenotype 11 of
10 phenotype 24 of
11 of 13 aging
12 accelerated 13 aging
13 aging 14 associated
13 aging 15 with
13 aging 20 as
15 with 17 disparities
16 health 17 disparities
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 23 interplay
21 the 23 interplay
22 important 23 interplay
24 of 26 and
25 biological 26 and
26 and 28 factors
26 and 29 that
26 and 30 lead
27 sociocultural 28 factors
29 that 30 lead
30 lead 31 to
31 to 34 outcomes
32 disparate 34 outcomes
33 health 34 outcomes

the building blocks of this prevention model will include interdisciplinary prevention modalities that encourage partnerships across medical and nonmedical entities , community - based participatory research , development of ethnically [and] racially diverse research cohorts , and full actualization of the prevention benefits outlined in the 2010 patient protection and affordable care act . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 blocks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 outlined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 3 blocks
2 building 3 blocks
3 blocks 4 of
3 blocks 9 include
4 of 8 will
5 this 8 will
6 prevention 7 model
7 model 8 will
9 include 12 modalities
10 interdisciplinary 12 modalities
11 prevention 12 modalities
12 modalities 13 that
12 modalities 14 encourage
13 that 14 encourage
14 encourage 15 partnerships
14 encourage 16 across
16 across 20 entities
17 medical 18 and
18 and 19 nonmedical
18 and 20 entities
21 , 22 community
21 , 23 -
23 - 37 and
24 based 26 research
25 participatory 26 research
26 research 27 ,
27 , 28 development
27 , 37 and
28 development 29 of
29 of 35 cohorts
30 ethnically 33 diverse
32 racially 33 diverse
33 diverse 34 research
34 research 35 cohorts
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 actualization
37 and 40 of
38 full 39 actualization
40 of 42 prevention
41 the 42 prevention
42 prevention 43 benefits
42 prevention 44 outlined
43 benefits 44 outlined
44 outlined 45 in
45 in 53 act
46 the 53 act
47 2010 48 patient
48 patient 49 protection
49 protection 50 and
50 and 51 affordable
51 affordable 52 care
52 care 53 act

this paper provides highlights from a cdc - hosted meeting on opportunities for cancer prevention during midlife ( roughly ages 45 - 64 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 provides
3 provides 4 highlights
4 highlights 5 from
5 from 7 cdc
6 a 7 cdc
8 - 10 meeting
9 hosted 10 meeting
10 meeting 11 on
11 on 12 opportunities
12 opportunities 13 for
13 for 15 prevention
14 cancer 15 prevention
15 prevention 16 during
16 during 17 midlife
17 midlife 20 ages
17 midlife 24 years
18 ( 20 ages
19 roughly 20 ages
20 ages 21 45
20 ages 22 -
22 - 24 years
23 64 24 years
24 years 25 )

positive changes during this phase of life have the potential to prevent cancer [incidence] later in life , making this phase an opportune time for targeted prevention efforts to facilitate healthy aging and increased longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
1 positive 2 changes
2 changes 3 during
2 changes 6 of
2 changes 8 have
3 during 5 phase
4 this 5 phase
6 of 7 life
8 have 10 potential
8 have 11 to
8 have 16 in
9 the 10 potential
11 to 12 prevent
12 prevent 13 cancer
12 prevent 15 later
16 in 17 life
17 life 19 making
18 , 19 making
19 making 21 phase
19 making 24 time
19 making 25 for
19 making 36 .
20 this 21 phase
22 an 23 opportune
22 an 24 time
23 opportune 24 time
25 for 33 and
26 targeted 28 efforts
26 targeted 29 to
26 targeted 33 and
27 prevention 28 efforts
29 to 30 facilitate
30 facilitate 32 aging
31 healthy 32 aging
33 and 34 increased
34 increased 35 longevity

risk and protective factors discussed during the meeting included exposure to radiation from medical imaging procedures , circadian disruption , chemical exposures , dietary factors , alcohol consumption , obesity , physical activity , diabetes , and the human microbiome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 risk 2 and
2 and 4 factors
2 and 5 discussed
2 and 11 to
2 and 37 and
3 protective 4 factors
5 discussed 6 during
6 during 10 exposure
7 the 10 exposure
8 meeting 9 included
9 included 10 exposure
11 to 12 radiation
12 radiation 13 from
12 radiation 22 exposures
13 from 16 procedures
14 medical 16 procedures
15 imaging 16 procedures
16 procedures 19 disruption
17 , 19 disruption
18 circadian 19 disruption
19 disruption 20 ,
20 , 22 exposures
21 chemical 22 exposures
22 exposures 25 factors
22 exposures 36 ,
23 , 25 factors
24 dietary 25 factors
25 factors 28 consumption
25 factors 35 diabetes
25 factors 36 ,
26 , 28 consumption
27 alcohol 28 consumption
28 consumption 30 obesity
28 consumption 33 activity
28 consumption 34 ,
29 , 30 obesity
30 obesity 31 ,
31 , 33 activity
32 physical 33 activity
33 activity 34 ,
34 , 35 diabetes
35 diabetes 36 ,
37 and 40 microbiome
38 the 40 microbiome
39 human 40 microbiome

although many of these factors are well recognized as being related to cancer [incidence] , others are not as widely recognized or have emerged as growing areas of research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 others
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 although 5 factors
1 although 6 are
1 although 16 others
2 many 3 of
2 many 5 factors
3 of 5 factors
4 these 5 factors
5 factors 6 are
6 are 7 well
6 are 8 recognized
9 as 10 being
9 as 11 related
9 as 15 ,
9 as 16 others
10 being 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 13 cancer
16 others 17 are
17 are 18 not
17 are 22 or
19 as 20 widely
20 widely 21 recognized
21 recognized 22 or
22 or 23 have
23 have 24 emerged
24 emerged 27 areas
25 as 26 growing
26 growing 27 areas
27 areas 28 of
28 of 29 research

meeting participants discussed promising strategies for cancer prevention targeting this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 meeting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 meeting 2 participants
1 meeting 3 discussed
3 discussed 4 promising
4 promising 5 strategies
4 promising 12 group
5 strategies 6 for
5 strategies 12 group
6 for 8 prevention
7 cancer 8 prevention
8 prevention 9 targeting
9 targeting 11 age
10 this 11 age

just as there are multiple determinants of cancer risk , there are likely multiple solutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 just 2 as
2 as 3 there
2 as 4 are
2 as 10 ,
2 as 11 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 determinants
5 multiple 6 determinants
6 determinants 7 of
7 of 9 risk
8 cancer 9 risk
11 there 12 are
12 are 15 solutions
13 likely 15 solutions
14 multiple 15 solutions

changes to social and physical environments may facilitate healthy behaviors and minimize harmful exposures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 changes 2 to
1 changes 11 and
2 to 6 environments
3 social 4 and
4 and 5 physical
4 and 6 environments
7 may 8 facilitate
7 may 11 and
8 facilitate 10 behaviors
9 healthy 10 behaviors
11 and 12 minimize
12 minimize 14 exposures
13 harmful 14 exposures

information shared during the meeting about health disparities in the u.s [.] highlighted the need to go beyond traditional approaches to cancer prevention to truly reach vulnerable populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 information 2 shared
1 information 6 about
1 information 13 highlighted
2 shared 3 during
3 during 5 meeting
4 the 5 meeting
6 about 8 disparities
7 health 8 disparities
8 disparities 9 in
9 in 11 u.s
10 the 11 u.s
13 highlighted 15 need
13 highlighted 16 to
14 the 15 need
16 to 17 go
17 go 18 beyond
17 go 21 to
17 go 24 to
18 beyond 20 approaches
19 traditional 20 approaches
21 to 23 prevention
22 cancer 23 prevention
24 to 26 reach
25 truly 26 reach
26 reach 28 populations
27 vulnerable 28 populations

partnerships are also a key component to prevention efforts ; community - [based] and nonprofit organizations , the healthcare system , research institutions , state health departments , and federal agencies were all noted as important partners in prevention efforts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 partnerships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 partnerships 2 are
2 are 3 also
2 are 6 component
2 are 7 to
4 a 6 component
5 key 6 component
7 to 9 efforts
8 prevention 9 efforts
10 ; 11 community
10 ; 14 and
12 - 14 and
14 and 16 organizations
14 and 25 state
15 nonprofit 16 organizations
16 organizations 20 system
16 organizations 25 state
17 , 20 system
18 the 20 system
19 healthcare 20 system
20 system 23 institutions
20 system 24 ,
21 , 23 institutions
22 research 23 institutions
23 institutions 24 ,
25 state 26 health
25 state 34 noted
26 health 29 and
26 health 32 were
26 health 34 noted
27 departments 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 agencies
29 and 32 were
30 federal 31 agencies
33 all 34 noted
34 noted 37 partners
34 noted 38 in
35 as 36 important
36 important 37 partners
38 in 40 efforts
39 prevention 40 efforts

coordinated , multi - disciplinary efforts across multiple chronic diseases may provide opportunities for synergistic effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 coordinated 2 ,
1 coordinated 6 efforts
3 multi 4 -
3 multi 6 efforts
5 disciplinary 6 efforts
6 efforts 7 across
6 efforts 11 may
7 across 10 diseases
8 multiple 10 diseases
9 chronic 10 diseases
11 may 12 provide
12 provide 13 opportunities
13 opportunities 14 for
14 for 16 effects
15 synergistic 16 effects

further , leveraging key partnerships and existing communication channels can maximize success and facilitate timely translation of research findings into public health practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leveraging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 leveraging
3 leveraging 6 and
3 leveraging 10 can
4 key 5 partnerships
5 partnerships 6 and
6 and 9 channels
7 existing 8 communication
8 communication 9 channels
10 can 13 and
11 maximize 12 success
11 maximize 13 and
13 and 14 facilitate
13 and 20 into
13 and 23 practice
14 facilitate 16 translation
15 timely 16 translation
16 translation 17 of
17 of 19 findings
18 research 19 findings
20 into 22 health
21 public 22 health

this article challenges the idea that cancer cannot be prevented among older adults by examining different aspects of the relationship between age and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 challenges
3 challenges 5 idea
4 the 5 idea
5 idea 6 that
6 that 7 cancer
6 that 10 prevented
7 cancer 8 cannot
8 cannot 9 be
9 be 10 prevented
10 prevented 11 among
10 prevented 14 by
11 among 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 by 15 examining
15 examining 17 aspects
15 examining 21 between
16 different 17 aspects
17 aspects 18 of
18 of 20 relationship
19 the 20 relationship
21 between 23 and
22 age 23 and
23 and 24 cancer

although the sequential patterns of aging cannot be changed , several age - related factors that contribute to disease risk can be . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 4 patterns
1 although 9 changed
1 although 10 ,
1 although 12 age
2 the 4 patterns
3 sequential 4 patterns
4 patterns 5 of
4 patterns 7 cannot
5 of 6 aging
7 cannot 8 be
8 be 9 changed
9 changed 10 ,
11 several 12 age
12 age 21 can
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 factors
14 related 18 to
14 related 21 can
15 factors 16 that
15 factors 17 contribute
16 that 17 contribute
18 to 20 risk
19 disease 20 risk
21 can 22 be

for most adults , age is coincidentally associated with preventable chronic conditions , avoidable exposures , and modifiable risk behaviors that are causally associated with cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 for 3 adults
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 age
2 most 3 adults
5 age 6 is
6 is 8 associated
7 coincidentally 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 conditions
10 preventable 12 conditions
11 chronic 12 conditions
13 , 17 and
14 avoidable 15 exposures
15 exposures 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 behaviors
17 and 21 that
17 and 22 are
18 modifiable 20 behaviors
19 risk 20 behaviors
21 that 22 are
22 are 24 associated
23 causally 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 26 cancer

midlife is a period of life when the prevalence of multiple cancer risk factors is high and incidence rates begin to increase for many types of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 midlife
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 midlife 2 is
2 is 4 period
3 a 4 period
4 period 5 of
4 period 7 when
5 of 6 life
7 when 9 prevalence
7 when 15 is
8 the 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
9 prevalence 13 risk
9 prevalence 14 factors
9 prevalence 15 is
10 of 12 cancer
11 multiple 12 cancer
13 risk 14 factors
15 is 16 high
17 and 19 rates
17 and 20 begin
18 incidence 19 rates
19 rates 20 begin
20 begin 21 to
20 begin 22 increase
21 to 22 increase
22 increase 23 for
23 for 26 of
24 many 26 of
25 types 26 of
26 of 27 cancer

however , current evidence suggests that for most adults , cancer does not have to be an inevitable consequence of growing older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 evidence
3 current 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
5 suggests 7 for
7 for 9 adults
8 most 9 adults
10 , 11 cancer
10 , 14 have
11 cancer 12 does
12 does 13 not
12 does 14 have
14 have 15 to
14 have 16 be
15 to 16 be
16 be 19 consequence
17 an 19 consequence
18 inevitable 19 consequence
19 consequence 20 of
20 of 21 growing
21 growing 22 older

interventions that support healthy environments , help people manage chronic conditions , and promote healthy behaviors may help people make a healthier transition from midlife to older age and reduce the likelihood of developing cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 interventions 2 that
1 interventions 6 ,
1 interventions 29 and
2 that 6 ,
3 support 5 environments
3 support 6 ,
4 healthy 5 environments
6 , 13 and
7 help 8 people
7 help 9 manage
7 help 13 and
9 manage 11 conditions
10 chronic 11 conditions
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 promote
14 promote 16 behaviors
15 healthy 16 behaviors
17 may 18 help
17 may 29 and
18 help 19 people
18 help 20 make
20 make 23 transition
21 a 23 transition
22 healthier 23 transition
23 transition 24 from
23 transition 26 to
24 from 25 midlife
26 to 28 age
27 older 28 age
29 and 30 reduce
29 and 32 likelihood
31 the 32 likelihood
32 likelihood 33 of
33 of 34 developing
34 developing 35 cancer

because the number of adults reaching older ages is increasing rapidly , the number of new cancer cases will also increase if current incidence rates remain unchanged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 because 3 number
1 because 9 is
1 because 12 ,
1 because 18 cases
2 the 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 6 reaching
3 number 9 is
4 of 5 adults
6 reaching 8 ages
7 older 8 ages
9 is 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 rapidly
13 the 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 18 cases
15 of 18 cases
16 new 17 cancer
17 cancer 18 cases
18 cases 19 will
19 will 21 increase
20 also 21 increase
21 increase 22 if
22 if 25 rates
22 if 26 remain
23 current 24 incidence
24 incidence 25 rates
25 rates 26 remain
26 remain 27 unchanged

thus , the need to translate the available research into practice to promote cancer prevention , especially for adults at midlife , has never been greater . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 need
3 the 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 6 translate
4 need 23 has
5 to 6 translate
6 translate 9 research
6 translate 10 into
6 translate 12 to
7 the 9 research
8 available 9 research
10 into 11 practice
12 to 13 promote
13 promote 15 prevention
14 cancer 15 prevention
15 prevention 18 for
16 , 17 especially
16 , 18 for
18 for 19 adults
18 for 22 ,
19 adults 20 at
20 at 21 midlife
23 has 25 been
24 never 25 been
25 been 26 greater

background : the workplace is an important domain for adults , and many effective interventions targeting physical activity and weight reduction have been implemented in the workplace . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 workplace
2 : 5 is
2 : 12 and
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 workplace
4 workplace 5 is
5 is 8 domain
6 an 7 important
6 an 8 domain
7 important 8 domain
8 domain 9 for
9 for 10 adults
11 , 12 and
12 and 19 and
12 and 24 implemented
13 many 15 interventions
14 effective 15 interventions
15 interventions 16 targeting
15 interventions 19 and
16 targeting 18 activity
17 physical 18 activity
19 and 21 reduction
19 and 22 have
20 weight 21 reduction
22 have 23 been
23 been 24 implemented
24 implemented 25 in
25 in 27 workplace
26 the 27 workplace

however , the u.s [.] workforce is aging , and few studies have examined the relationship of bmi , physical activity , and age as they relate to workplace characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 workforce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 relate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 workforce
3 the 6 workforce
4 u.s 6 workforce
6 workforce 7 is
7 is 10 and
8 aging 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 few
12 studies 13 have
13 have 14 examined
14 examined 16 relationship
14 examined 25 as
15 the 16 relationship
16 relationship 17 of
17 of 23 and
18 bmi 21 activity
18 bmi 23 and
19 , 21 activity
20 physical 21 activity
21 activity 22 ,
23 and 24 age
25 as 26 they
25 as 27 relate
26 they 27 relate
27 relate 28 to
28 to 30 characteristics
29 workplace 30 characteristics

purpose : this paper reports on the distribution of physical activity and bmi by age in a population of hospital [-] based healthcare workers and investigates the relationships among workplace characteristics , physical activity , and bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 paper
2 : 25 and
2 : 38 .
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 25 and
5 reports 6 on
5 reports 14 by
5 reports 25 and
6 on 12 and
7 the 8 distribution
8 distribution 9 of
8 distribution 12 and
9 of 11 activity
10 physical 11 activity
12 and 13 bmi
14 by 15 age
15 age 16 in
15 age 19 of
16 in 18 population
17 a 18 population
19 of 24 workers
20 hospital 22 based
22 based 24 workers
23 healthcare 24 workers
25 and 26 investigates
25 and 29 among
26 investigates 28 relationships
27 the 28 relationships
29 among 36 and
30 workplace 31 characteristics
31 characteristics 32 ,
32 , 34 activity
32 , 36 and
33 physical 34 activity
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 bmi

methods : data from a survey of patient care workers in two large academic hospitals in the boston area were collected in late 2009 and analyzed in early 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 25 and
2 : 30 .
3 data 4 from
3 data 7 of
3 data 25 and
4 from 6 survey
5 a 6 survey
7 of 10 workers
8 patient 9 care
9 care 10 workers
10 workers 11 in
11 in 15 hospitals
12 two 15 hospitals
13 large 14 academic
14 academic 15 hospitals
15 hospitals 16 in
16 in 19 area
17 the 19 area
18 boston 19 area
20 were 21 collected
20 were 25 and
21 collected 22 in
22 in 24 2009
23 late 24 2009
25 and 26 analyzed
25 and 27 in
27 in 29 2013
28 early 29 2013

results : in multivariate models , workers reporting greater decision latitude ( or=1.02 , 95 % ci=1.01 , 1.03 ) and job flexibility ( or=1.05 , 95 % ci=1.01 , 1.10 ) reported greater physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 models
4 multivariate 5 models
5 models 7 workers
6 , 7 workers
7 workers 8 reporting
7 workers 13 or=1.02
7 workers 17 ci=1.01
7 workers 20 )
8 reporting 11 latitude
9 greater 11 latitude
10 decision 11 latitude
12 ( 13 or=1.02
13 or=1.02 14 ,
14 , 17 ci=1.01
15 95 17 ci=1.01
16 % 17 ci=1.01
17 ci=1.01 19 1.03
17 ci=1.01 20 )
18 , 19 1.03
19 1.03 20 )
21 and 23 flexibility
21 and 33 reported
22 job 23 flexibility
23 flexibility 25 or=1.05
23 flexibility 31 1.10
23 flexibility 33 reported
24 ( 25 or=1.05
25 or=1.05 29 ci=1.01
25 or=1.05 30 ,
26 , 29 ci=1.01
27 95 29 ci=1.01
28 % 29 ci=1.01
29 ci=1.01 30 ,
30 , 31 1.10
31 1.10 32 )
33 reported 36 activity
34 greater 36 activity
35 physical 36 activity

overweight and obesity increased with age ( p<0.01 ) , even after adjusting for workplace characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 overweight 2 and
2 and 3 obesity
2 and 10 ,
4 increased 5 with
4 increased 10 ,
5 with 6 age
6 age 8 p<0.01
7 ( 8 p<0.01
8 p<0.01 9 )
10 , 11 even
11 even 12 after
12 after 13 adjusting
13 adjusting 14 for
14 for 16 characteristics
15 workplace 16 characteristics

sleep deficiency ( or=1.56 , 95 % ci=1.15 , 2.12 ) and workplace harassment ( or=1.62 , 95 % ci=1.20 , 2.18 ) were also associated with obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 sleep 2 deficiency
2 deficiency 4 or=1.56
2 deficiency 14 harassment
2 deficiency 24 were
3 ( 4 or=1.56
4 or=1.56 5 ,
5 , 14 harassment
6 95 7 %
7 % 14 harassment
8 ci=1.15 10 2.12
8 ci=1.15 12 and
9 , 10 2.12
10 2.12 11 )
12 and 13 workplace
12 and 14 harassment
14 harassment 16 or=1.62
14 harassment 20 ci=1.20
14 harassment 22 2.18
14 harassment 23 )
15 ( 16 or=1.62
16 or=1.62 17 ,
17 , 20 ci=1.20
18 95 20 ci=1.20
19 % 20 ci=1.20
20 ci=1.20 21 ,
21 , 22 2.18
22 2.18 23 )
24 were 26 associated
25 also 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 28 obesity

conclusions : these findings underscore the persistent impact of the work environment for workers of all ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 underscore
2 : 18 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 underscore
5 underscore 8 impact
6 the 8 impact
7 persistent 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
9 of 12 environment
10 the 12 environment
11 work 12 environment
12 environment 13 for
13 for 14 workers
14 workers 15 of
15 of 17 ages
16 all 17 ages

based on these results , programs or policies aimed at improving the work environment , especially decision latitude , job flexibility , and workplace harassment should be included in the design of worksite - based health promotion interventions targeting physical activity or obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 7 or
2 on 4 results
3 these 4 results
6 programs 7 or
7 or 8 policies
7 or 9 aimed
9 aimed 10 at
10 at 11 improving
11 improving 14 environment
12 the 14 environment
13 work 14 environment
14 environment 18 latitude
15 , 16 especially
15 , 18 latitude
17 decision 18 latitude
18 latitude 21 flexibility
18 latitude 22 ,
19 , 21 flexibility
20 job 21 flexibility
21 flexibility 22 ,
23 and 25 harassment
23 and 28 included
24 workplace 25 harassment
25 harassment 26 should
26 should 27 be
27 be 28 included
28 included 29 in
29 in 42 or
30 the 31 design
31 design 32 of
31 design 42 or
32 of 38 interventions
33 worksite 34 -
33 worksite 38 interventions
35 based 36 health
36 health 38 interventions
37 promotion 38 interventions
38 interventions 39 targeting
39 targeting 41 activity
40 physical 41 activity
42 or 43 obesity

though frailty status has recently been linked to poorer quality of life , the impact of income on this relationship has not previously been investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 though 3 status
1 though 7 linked
1 though 13 ,
1 though 15 impact
2 frailty 3 status
3 status 4 has
4 has 6 been
5 recently 6 been
6 been 7 linked
7 linked 8 to
8 to 10 quality
9 poorer 10 quality
10 quality 11 of
11 of 12 life
14 the 15 impact
15 impact 16 of
15 impact 21 has
16 of 17 income
17 income 18 on
18 on 20 relationship
19 this 20 relationship
21 has 22 not
21 has 24 been
23 previously 24 been
24 been 25 investigated

data from a population - based panel study , the english longitudinal study of aging , on 3225 participants aged 65 - 79 years were analyzed cross [-] sectionally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 data 19 participants
2 from 4 population
2 from 16 ,
2 from 19 participants
3 a 4 population
4 population 8 study
5 - 8 study
6 based 7 panel
7 panel 8 study
8 study 13 study
8 study 16 ,
9 , 13 study
10 the 13 study
11 english 13 study
12 longitudinal 13 study
13 study 14 of
13 study 16 ,
14 of 15 aging
17 on 18 3225
17 on 19 participants
19 participants 20 aged
20 aged 22 -
20 aged 29 sectionally
21 65 22 -
22 - 23 79
23 79 24 years
24 years 25 were
25 were 26 analyzed
27 cross 29 sectionally

subjective well - being was assessed using the casp - 19 instrument , and levels of financial resources quantified using a range of questions about assets and income from a range of sources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 well
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 subjective 2 well
3 - 4 being
3 - 6 assessed
3 - 14 and
4 being 5 was
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 using
7 using 9 casp
8 the 9 casp
9 casp 11 19
9 casp 12 instrument
10 - 11 19
11 19 12 instrument
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 levels
14 and 19 quantified
15 levels 16 of
15 levels 19 quantified
16 of 18 resources
17 financial 18 resources
19 quantified 20 using
19 quantified 27 and
20 using 22 range
20 using 25 about
21 a 22 range
22 range 23 of
23 of 24 questions
26 assets 27 and
27 and 28 income
27 and 29 from
27 and 32 of
29 from 31 range
30 a 31 range
32 of 33 sources

linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between frailty and well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 linear 3 models
2 regression 3 models
3 models 12 and
4 were 5 used
4 were 12 and
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 9 relationship
7 assess 10 between
8 the 9 relationship
10 between 11 frailty
12 and 13 well
14 - 15 being
14 - 16 .

there was a significant negative correlation between frailty and well - being ; the correlation coefficient between fi and casp - 19 scores was - 0.58 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 correlation
3 a 4 significant
3 a 6 correlation
4 significant 6 correlation
5 negative 6 correlation
6 correlation 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 frailty 9 and
9 and 10 well
11 - 12 being
11 - 13 ;
11 - 27 .
13 ; 16 coefficient
13 ; 24 was
14 the 16 coefficient
15 correlation 16 coefficient
16 coefficient 17 between
16 coefficient 24 was
17 between 23 scores
18 fi 19 and
19 and 20 casp
19 and 21 -
19 and 23 scores
22 19 23 scores
24 was 26 0.58
25 - 26 0.58

the relationship was robust to adjustment for sex , age , and relevant health behaviors ( smoking and physical activity ) and persisted when participants with depressive symptoms were excluded from analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 22 and
3 was 4 robust
3 was 22 and
4 robust 5 to
4 robust 7 for
5 to 6 adjustment
7 for 12 and
8 sex 9 ,
9 , 10 age
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 behaviors
12 and 18 and
13 relevant 14 health
14 health 15 behaviors
16 ( 18 and
17 smoking 18 and
18 and 20 activity
18 and 21 )
19 physical 20 activity
22 and 23 persisted
22 and 24 when
24 when 25 participants
24 when 30 excluded
25 participants 26 with
25 participants 29 were
26 with 28 symptoms
27 depressive 28 symptoms
29 were 30 excluded
30 excluded 31 from
31 from 32 analysis

those with greater financial resources reported better subjective well - being with evidence of a " dose - response " effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 those 2 with
1 those 6 reported
2 with 5 resources
3 greater 5 resources
4 financial 5 resources
6 reported 9 well
7 better 9 well
8 subjective 9 well
9 well 11 being
10 - 11 being
11 being 12 with
11 being 18 -
12 with 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 of
14 of 17 dose
15 a 16 "
15 a 17 dose
18 - 21 effect
19 response 20 "
19 response 21 effect

the poorest participants in each frailty category had similar well - being to the most well - off [with] worse frailty status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 poorest
1 the 3 participants
3 participants 4 in
3 participants 8 had
4 in 7 category
5 each 7 category
6 frailty 7 category
8 had 10 well
8 had 18 off
9 similar 10 well
10 well 12 being
11 - 12 being
12 being 13 to
12 being 17 -
13 to 16 well
14 the 15 most
15 most 16 well
18 off 22 status
20 worse 21 frailty
21 frailty 22 status

hence , while the association between frailty and poorer subjective well - being is not significantly impacted by higher levels of wealth and income , financial resources may provide a partial buffer against the detrimental psychological effects of frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 impacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 hence 13 being
2 , 3 while
3 while 5 association
3 while 12 -
3 while 13 being
4 the 5 association
5 association 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 frailty 8 and
8 and 11 well
9 poorer 11 well
10 subjective 11 well
13 being 14 is
14 is 15 not
14 is 17 impacted
16 significantly 17 impacted
17 impacted 18 by
18 by 20 levels
19 higher 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 23 and
22 wealth 23 and
23 and 24 income
25 , 27 resources
25 , 29 provide
26 financial 27 resources
27 resources 28 may
28 may 29 provide
29 provide 32 buffer
29 provide 33 against
30 a 32 buffer
31 partial 32 buffer
33 against 37 effects
34 the 37 effects
35 detrimental 37 effects
36 psychological 37 effects
37 effects 38 of
38 of 39 frailty

the impact of aging and physical capacity on coenzyme q10 ( q10 ) levels in human blood is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 5 and
3 of 4 aging
5 and 7 capacity
5 and 8 on
5 and 10 q10
5 and 14 levels
5 and 17 blood
6 physical 7 capacity
8 on 9 coenzyme
10 q10 12 q10
10 q10 14 levels
11 ( 12 q10
12 q10 13 )
14 levels 15 in
16 human 17 blood
17 blood 18 is
18 is 19 unknown

plasma q10 is an important factor in cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 q10
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 plasma 2 q10
2 q10 3 is
3 is 6 factor
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 factor
5 important 6 factor
6 factor 7 in
7 in 9 diseases
8 cardiovascular 9 diseases

to understand how physical activity in the elderly affects endogenous q10 levels in blood plasma , we studied a cohort of healthy [community] - dwelling people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 understand
1 to 16 ,
1 to 17 we
2 understand 3 how
3 how 5 activity
3 how 9 affects
4 physical 5 activity
5 activity 6 in
5 activity 9 affects
6 in 8 elderly
7 the 8 elderly
9 affects 12 levels
9 affects 13 in
10 endogenous 12 levels
11 q10 12 levels
13 in 15 plasma
14 blood 15 plasma
17 we 18 studied
18 studied 20 cohort
19 a 20 cohort
20 cohort 21 of
21 of 26 people
22 healthy 24 -
22 healthy 25 dwelling
25 dwelling 26 people

volunteers were subjected to different tests of the functional fitness test battery including handgrip strength , six - minute walk , 30 s chair to stand , and time up and [go] tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 volunteers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 volunteers 2 were
2 were 3 subjected
3 subjected 4 to
4 to 6 tests
5 different 6 tests
6 tests 7 of
7 of 12 battery
8 the 12 battery
9 functional 10 fitness
10 fitness 11 test
11 test 12 battery
12 battery 13 including
13 including 15 strength
14 handgrip 15 strength
16 , 17 six
16 , 18 -
18 - 20 walk
18 - 21 ,
18 - 34 .
19 minute 20 walk
21 , 23 s
21 , 24 chair
22 30 23 s
23 s 24 chair
24 chair 25 to
24 chair 31 and
25 to 28 and
26 stand 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 time
30 up 31 and
31 and 33 tests

anthropometric characteristics , plasma q10 and lipid peroxidation ( mda ) levels were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 anthropometric 2 characteristics
3 , 12 levels
3 , 13 were
4 plasma 12 levels
5 q10 6 and
6 and 8 peroxidation
6 and 10 mda
6 and 12 levels
7 lipid 8 peroxidation
9 ( 10 mda
10 mda 11 )
12 levels 13 were
13 were 14 determined

population was divided according to gender and fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 population 2 was
2 was 3 divided
3 divided 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 7 and
6 gender 7 and
7 and 8 fitness

we found that people showing higher levels of functional capacity presented lower levels of cholesterol and lipid peroxidation accompanied by higher levels of q10 in plasma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 people
3 that 11 presented
4 people 5 showing
4 people 8 of
4 people 11 presented
5 showing 7 levels
6 higher 7 levels
8 of 10 capacity
9 functional 10 capacity
11 presented 16 and
11 presented 20 by
11 presented 25 in
12 lower 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
13 levels 16 and
14 of 15 cholesterol
16 and 18 peroxidation
16 and 19 accompanied
17 lipid 18 peroxidation
20 by 22 levels
21 higher 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 q10
25 in 26 plasma

the ratio q10/cholesterol and q10/ldl increased in these people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 ratio
2 ratio 3 q10/cholesterol
3 q10/cholesterol 4 and
4 and 5 q10/ldl
4 and 6 increased
6 increased 7 in
7 in 9 people
8 these 9 people

no relationship was found when correlated to muscle strength or agility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 no 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 when
5 when 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 to
7 to 10 or
8 muscle 9 strength
9 strength 10 or
10 or 11 agility

on the other hand , obesity was related to lower q10 and higher mda levels in plasma affecting women more significantly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 obesity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 obesity
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 obesity 7 was
7 was 8 related
8 related 9 to
9 to 10 lower
10 lower 15 levels
11 q10 12 and
12 and 13 higher
12 and 15 levels
14 mda 15 levels
15 levels 16 in
16 in 17 plasma
17 plasma 18 affecting
18 affecting 19 women
18 affecting 21 significantly
20 more 21 significantly

our data demonstrate for the first time that physical activity at advanced age can increase the levels of q10 and lower the levels of lipid peroxidation in plasma , probably reducing the progression of cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 our 2 data
2 data 20 and
3 demonstrate 4 for
3 demonstrate 8 that
3 demonstrate 20 and
4 for 7 time
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 time
8 that 10 activity
8 that 15 increase
9 physical 10 activity
10 activity 11 at
10 activity 14 can
11 at 13 age
12 advanced 13 age
14 can 15 increase
15 increase 17 levels
16 the 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
18 of 19 q10
20 and 21 lower
21 lower 23 levels
21 lower 27 in
21 lower 31 reducing
22 the 23 levels
23 levels 24 of
24 of 26 peroxidation
25 lipid 26 peroxidation
27 in 28 plasma
29 , 31 reducing
30 probably 31 reducing
31 reducing 33 progression
31 reducing 37 .
32 the 33 progression
33 progression 34 of
34 of 36 diseases
35 cardiovascular 36 diseases

cerebral ischemia caused by loss of blood supply to the brain during cardiac arrest or stroke are major causes of death and disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ischemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cerebral 2 ischemia
2 ischemia 3 caused
2 ischemia 17 are
3 caused 4 by
3 caused 12 during
4 by 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
6 of 8 supply
7 blood 8 supply
8 supply 9 to
9 to 11 brain
10 the 11 brain
12 during 15 or
13 cardiac 14 arrest
14 arrest 15 or
15 or 16 stroke
17 are 19 causes
18 major 19 causes
19 causes 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 death 22 and
22 and 23 disability

biological sex is an important factor in predicting vulnerability of the brain to an ischemic insult , with males being at higher risk for cardio - cerebrovascular events than females of the same age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 biological 2 sex
2 sex 3 is
3 is 6 factor
4 an 6 factor
5 important 6 factor
6 factor 7 in
6 factor 18 with
7 in 8 predicting
8 predicting 9 vulnerability
9 vulnerability 10 of
9 vulnerability 13 to
10 of 12 brain
11 the 12 brain
13 to 16 insult
14 an 15 ischemic
14 an 16 insult
15 ischemic 16 insult
17 , 18 with
18 with 19 males
18 with 35 .
19 males 20 being
19 males 31 of
20 being 21 at
20 being 29 than
21 at 23 risk
22 higher 23 risk
23 risk 24 for
24 for 28 events
25 cardio 26 -
25 cardio 28 events
27 cerebrovascular 28 events
29 than 30 females
31 of 34 age
32 the 33 same
33 same 34 age

however , relative incidence [of] stroke [between] [the] genders [appears] to normalize [at] advanced ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 genders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 9 genders
3 relative 4 incidence
4 incidence 9 genders
6 stroke 9 genders
9 genders 11 to
9 genders 12 normalize
9 genders 14 advanced
11 to 12 normalize
14 advanced 15 ages

therefore , many scientists have focused on the mechanisms of sex differences in outcome following brain ischemic injury , with a particular emphasis on the role of sex steroids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scientists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focused
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 scientists
3 many 4 scientists
4 scientists 5 have
5 have 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
6 focused 13 in
7 on 9 mechanisms
8 the 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 of
10 of 12 differences
11 sex 12 differences
13 in 18 injury
14 outcome 15 following
15 following 16 brain
16 brain 18 injury
17 ischemic 18 injury
18 injury 20 with
19 , 20 with
20 with 23 emphasis
20 with 30 .
21 a 22 particular
21 a 23 emphasis
22 particular 23 emphasis
23 emphasis 24 on
23 emphasis 27 of
24 on 26 role
25 the 26 role
27 of 29 steroids
28 sex 29 steroids

the majority of studies indicate that female sex steroids , such as estrogen and progesterone , play important roles in the relative neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia observed in females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 4 studies
3 of 4 studies
4 studies 5 indicate
5 indicate 9 steroids
5 indicate 17 play
6 that 7 female
7 female 9 steroids
8 sex 9 steroids
9 steroids 12 as
9 steroids 17 play
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 and
12 as 16 ,
13 estrogen 14 and
14 and 15 progesterone
17 play 19 roles
18 important 19 roles
19 roles 20 in
19 roles 24 following
19 roles 27 observed
19 roles 28 in
20 in 23 neuroprotection
21 the 23 neuroprotection
22 relative 23 neuroprotection
24 following 26 ischemia
25 cerebral 26 ischemia
28 in 29 females

however , less is known about male sex steroids and brain damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 less
3 less 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 10 and
7 male 8 sex
8 sex 9 steroids
9 steroids 10 and
10 and 12 damage
11 brain 12 damage

this review describes the state of our knowledge of androgen - related contributions to neurological injury and recovery following cerebral ischemia that occurs following stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 describes
3 describes 5 state
4 the 5 state
5 state 6 of
6 of 8 knowledge
7 our 8 knowledge
8 knowledge 9 of
9 of 10 androgen
11 - 25 stroke
11 - 26 .
12 related 13 contributions
13 contributions 14 to
13 contributions 17 and
14 to 16 injury
15 neurological 16 injury
17 and 18 recovery
17 and 19 following
17 and 25 stroke
19 following 21 ischemia
20 cerebral 21 ischemia
21 ischemia 22 that
21 ischemia 23 occurs
22 that 23 occurs
24 following 25 stroke

experimental studies examining the effects of castration , androgenic agonists and antagonists and aging provide valuable insights into the role of androgens in clinical outcome following cerebrovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 experimental 2 studies
2 studies 3 examining
2 studies 6 of
2 studies 15 provide
3 examining 5 effects
4 the 5 effects
6 of 13 and
7 castration 8 ,
8 , 10 agonists
8 , 11 and
9 androgenic 10 agonists
11 and 12 antagonists
11 and 13 and
13 and 14 aging
15 provide 17 insights
15 provide 18 into
15 provide 23 in
16 valuable 17 insights
18 into 20 role
19 the 20 role
20 role 21 of
21 of 22 androgens
23 in 28 events
24 clinical 25 outcome
25 outcome 26 following
26 following 28 events
27 cerebrovascular 28 events

aging is marked by changes that affect organs and resident stem cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 marked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 marked
3 marked 4 by
4 by 5 changes
5 changes 6 that
5 changes 7 affect
6 that 7 affect
7 affect 9 and
8 organs 9 and
9 and 13 function
10 resident 11 stem
11 stem 13 function
12 cell 13 function

shorting of telomeres , dna damage , oxidative stress , deregulation of genes and proteins , impaired cell - cell communication , and an altered systemic environment cause the eventual demise of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 shorting 2 of
1 shorting 4 ,
2 of 3 telomeres
4 , 6 damage
4 , 7 ,
5 dna 6 damage
7 , 9 stress
7 , 10 ,
8 oxidative 9 stress
10 , 11 deregulation
10 , 14 and
11 deregulation 12 of
12 of 13 genes
14 and 15 proteins
16 , 18 cell
16 , 19 -
17 impaired 18 cell
19 - 23 and
19 - 28 cause
19 - 34 .
20 cell 21 communication
21 communication 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 27 environment
23 and 28 cause
24 an 27 environment
25 altered 27 environment
26 systemic 27 environment
28 cause 31 demise
29 the 31 demise
30 eventual 31 demise
31 demise 32 of
32 of 33 cells

at the same time , reparative activities also decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 7 activities
2 the 3 same
3 same 4 time
6 reparative 7 activities
7 activities 9 decline
8 also 9 decline

it is intriguing to correlate aging with the decline of regenerative abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 intriguing
3 intriguing 4 to
4 to 5 correlate
5 correlate 6 aging
5 correlate 7 with
7 with 9 decline
8 the 9 decline
9 decline 10 of
10 of 12 abilities
11 regenerative 12 abilities

animal models with strong regenerative capabilities imply that aging processes might not be affecting regeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 animal 2 models
2 models 3 with
2 models 7 imply
3 with 6 capabilities
4 strong 6 capabilities
5 regenerative 6 capabilities
7 imply 8 that
8 that 9 aging
8 that 13 be
9 aging 10 processes
9 aging 11 might
11 might 12 not
11 might 13 be
13 be 14 affecting
14 affecting 15 regeneration

in this review , we selectively present age - dependent changes in stem/progenitor cells that are vital for tissue homeostasis and repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 7 present
6 selectively 7 present
7 present 8 age
9 - 11 changes
10 dependent 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
12 in 14 cells
13 stem/progenitor 14 cells
14 cells 15 that
14 cells 16 are
15 that 16 are
16 are 17 vital
17 vital 18 for
18 for 21 and
19 tissue 20 homeostasis
20 homeostasis 21 and
21 and 22 repair

in addition , the aging effect on regeneration following injury in organs such as lung [,] skeletal muscle , heart , nervous system , cochlear hair , lens , and liver are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 19 ,
1 in 30 and
2 addition 6 effect
3 , 6 effect
4 the 6 effect
5 aging 6 effect
6 effect 7 on
6 effect 9 following
6 effect 19 ,
7 on 8 regeneration
9 following 10 injury
9 following 11 in
11 in 12 organs
12 organs 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 18 muscle
15 lung 18 muscle
17 skeletal 18 muscle
20 heart 21 ,
21 , 23 system
21 , 24 ,
22 nervous 23 system
24 , 26 hair
24 , 27 ,
25 cochlear 26 hair
27 , 28 lens
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 liver
30 and 32 are
32 are 33 discussed

these tissues are also known for diseases such as heart attack , stroke , cognitive impairment , cataract , and hearing loss that occur mostly during aging in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tissues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 tissues
2 tissues 3 are
3 are 5 known
4 also 5 known
5 known 6 for
6 for 7 diseases
7 diseases 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 20 and
10 heart 11 attack
11 attack 12 ,
12 , 13 stroke
12 , 14 ,
14 , 16 impairment
14 , 17 ,
15 cognitive 16 impairment
17 , 18 cataract
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 loss
20 and 23 that
20 and 24 occur
21 hearing 22 loss
23 that 24 occur
24 occur 25 mostly
24 occur 28 in
25 mostly 26 during
26 during 27 aging
28 in 29 humans

conclusively , vertebrate regeneration declines with age with the loss [of] stem/progenitor cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 conclusively 2 ,
1 conclusively 4 regeneration
3 vertebrate 4 regeneration
4 regeneration 5 declines
5 declines 6 with
5 declines 8 with
6 with 7 age
8 with 14 function
9 the 14 function
10 loss 14 function
12 stem/progenitor 14 function
13 cell 14 function

future studies on improving the function of stem cells , along with studies in fish and amphibians where regeneration does not decline with age , will undoubtedly provide insights into both processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 26 will
3 on 4 improving
4 improving 6 function
5 the 6 function
6 function 7 of
6 function 12 with
7 of 9 cells
8 stem 9 cells
10 , 12 with
11 along 12 with
12 with 13 studies
12 with 25 ,
13 studies 14 in
13 studies 18 where
14 in 16 and
15 fish 16 and
16 and 17 amphibians
18 where 19 regeneration
18 where 22 decline
19 regeneration 20 does
20 does 21 not
20 does 22 decline
22 decline 23 with
23 with 24 age
26 will 28 provide
27 undoubtedly 28 provide
28 provide 29 insights
28 provide 30 into
30 into 32 processes
31 both 32 processes

objective : near - infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) is commonly used to investigate continuous changes of brain activation and has excellent time [resolution] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 near
2 : 4 -
4 - 6 spectroscopy
4 - 20 and
5 infrared 6 spectroscopy
6 spectroscopy 8 nirs
6 spectroscopy 20 and
7 ( 8 nirs
8 nirs 9 )
10 is 12 used
10 is 20 and
11 commonly 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 investigate
13 to 14 investigate
14 investigate 16 changes
15 continuous 16 changes
16 changes 17 of
17 of 19 activation
18 brain 19 activation
20 and 21 has
20 and 23 time
22 excellent 23 time

verbal fluency [task] ( vft ) is widely used as a neuropsychological test [of] frontal lobe function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fluency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 verbal 2 fluency
2 fluency 5 vft
2 fluency 7 is
4 ( 5 vft
5 vft 6 )
7 is 8 widely
7 is 9 used
9 used 10 as
10 as 17 function
11 a 12 neuropsychological
11 a 17 function
12 neuropsychological 13 test
13 test 17 function
15 frontal 16 lobe
16 lobe 17 function

the aim of this study was to investigate normal developmental change in frontal lobe function [during] vft performance using multi - channel nirs , specifically focusing on oxygenation hemoglobin ( oxyhb ) changes . 
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 11 change
8 investigate 12 in
8 investigate 19 using
9 normal 11 change
10 developmental 11 change
12 in 18 performance
13 frontal 14 lobe
14 lobe 15 function
15 function 18 performance
17 vft 18 performance
19 using 23 nirs
19 using 26 focusing
20 multi 21 -
20 multi 23 nirs
22 channel 23 nirs
24 , 26 focusing
25 specifically 26 focusing
26 focusing 27 on
26 focusing 34 .
27 on 29 hemoglobin
28 oxygenation 29 hemoglobin
29 hemoglobin 33 changes
30 ( 33 changes
31 oxyhb 32 )
31 oxyhb 33 changes
33 changes 34 .

methods : the subjects were 9 adults and 37 childrens who were all healthy right - handed volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 5 were
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 were
5 were 8 and
6 9 8 and
7 adults 8 and
8 and 10 childrens
8 and 11 who
8 and 12 were
9 37 10 childrens
11 who 12 were
12 were 15 right
13 all 15 right
14 healthy 15 right
15 right 17 handed
16 - 17 handed
17 handed 18 volunteers
17 handed 19 .

children were divided into four age groups ( group a , 6 - 8 years ; group b , 9 - 11 years ; group c , 12 - 14 years ; group d , 15 - 18 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 children 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
4 into 7 groups
5 four 7 groups
6 age 7 groups
7 groups 9 group
8 ( 9 group
9 group 10 a
9 group 12 6
9 group 13 -
11 , 12 6
12 6 13 -
13 - 15 years
13 - 16 ;
14 8 15 years
16 ; 17 group
16 ; 24 ;
17 group 18 b
17 group 21 -
19 , 21 -
20 9 21 -
21 - 23 years
21 - 24 ;
22 11 23 years
24 ; 25 group
24 ; 32 ;
25 group 26 c
25 group 29 -
27 , 29 -
28 12 29 -
29 - 31 years
29 - 32 ;
30 14 31 years
32 ; 33 group
33 group 34 d
33 group 37 -
35 , 37 -
36 15 37 -
37 - 39 years
37 - 40 )
38 18 39 years

the [[] oxyhb ] changes were measured with 22 channels of nirs during vft . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 changes
3 oxyhb 4 ]
3 oxyhb 5 changes
5 changes 6 were
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 with
7 measured 13 during
8 with 10 channels
9 22 10 channels
10 channels 11 of
11 of 12 nirs
13 during 14 vft

we defined the frontopolar region as the region of interest for analysis , and calculated [the] z - score to compare the data between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 we 14 and
2 defined 5 region
2 defined 6 as
2 defined 14 and
3 the 5 region
4 frontopolar 5 region
6 as 8 region
7 the 8 region
8 region 9 of
9 of 10 interest
10 interest 11 for
11 for 12 analysis
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 calculated
15 calculated 17 z
18 - 19 score
18 - 26 .
19 score 20 to
20 to 21 compare
21 compare 23 data
21 compare 24 between
22 the 23 data
24 between 25 groups

results : the task performance changed with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 performance
3 the 5 performance
4 task 5 performance
5 performance 6 changed
6 changed 7 with
7 with 8 age

there were significant differences between group a and other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 significant 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
5 between 8 and
6 group 7 a
6 group 8 and
8 and 10 groups
9 other 10 groups

[the] z - score [of] [ [oxyhb] []] also significantly increased with age , when comparing adults to groups a and b ..y the task performances decreased with time in all groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 z
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 z 3 -
3 - 4 score
4 score 11 increased
4 score 15 when
6 [ 9 also
6 [ 11 increased
10 significantly 11 increased
11 increased 12 with
11 increased 14 ,
12 with 13 age
15 when 16 comparing
16 comparing 17 adults
16 comparing 18 to
18 to 19 groups
19 groups 20 a
21 and 22 b
21 and 23 ..y
22 b 23 ..y
23 ..y 26 performances
24 the 26 performances
25 task 26 performances
26 performances 27 decreased
27 decreased 28 with
28 with 29 time
29 time 30 in
30 in 32 groups
31 all 32 groups

in contrast [,] [ oxyhb ] only continued to increase in the adult group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 continued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 5 oxyhb
2 contrast 8 continued
4 [ 5 oxyhb
5 oxyhb 6 ]
7 only 8 continued
8 continued 9 to
8 continued 10 increase
9 to 10 increase
10 increase 11 in
11 in 14 group
12 the 14 group
13 adult 14 group

conclusion : the verbal retrieval functions begin to mature in early adolescence and continue to grow up to adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 functions
2 : 13 and
2 : 20 .
3 the 6 functions
4 verbal 5 retrieval
5 retrieval 6 functions
6 functions 13 and
7 begin 8 to
7 begin 9 mature
7 begin 13 and
8 to 9 mature
9 mature 10 in
10 in 12 adolescence
11 early 12 adolescence
13 and 14 continue
13 and 18 to
14 continue 15 to
14 continue 16 grow
15 to 16 grow
16 grow 17 up
18 to 19 adulthood

the present study focuses on the role of frequency bias and expected value on the learning processes driving performance on the iowa gambling task ( igt ) in individuals between 5 and 89 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 11 and
4 focuses 5 on
4 focuses 11 and
5 on 7 role
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 10 bias
9 frequency 10 bias
11 and 12 expected
11 and 20 on
12 expected 13 value
13 value 14 on
13 value 18 driving
14 on 17 processes
15 the 17 processes
16 learning 17 processes
18 driving 19 performance
20 on 32 and
21 the 22 iowa
22 iowa 23 gambling
23 gambling 24 task
24 task 26 igt
25 ( 26 igt
26 igt 27 )
26 igt 28 in
26 igt 30 between
26 igt 32 and
28 in 29 individuals
30 between 31 5
32 and 34 years
32 and 35 of
33 89 34 years
35 of 36 age

as in previous studies , children performed poorly on the igt , were increasingly influenced by frequency of losses during learning , and constantly changed their decisions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 as 2 in
1 as 5 ,
1 as 6 children
2 in 4 studies
3 previous 4 studies
6 children 12 ,
7 performed 8 poorly
7 performed 9 on
7 performed 12 ,
9 on 11 igt
10 the 11 igt
12 , 23 and
13 were 15 influenced
13 were 23 and
14 increasingly 15 influenced
15 influenced 16 by
15 influenced 20 during
16 by 17 frequency
17 frequency 18 of
18 of 19 losses
20 during 21 learning
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 changed
24 constantly 25 changed
25 changed 27 decisions
26 their 27 decisions

[decision] - making strategies changed after childhood from erratic behavior to more consistent strategies that promoted expected value of deck choices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 - 3 making
3 making 4 strategies
3 making 5 changed
5 changed 6 after
5 changed 8 from
5 changed 11 to
6 after 7 childhood
8 from 10 behavior
9 erratic 10 behavior
11 to 14 strategies
12 more 13 consistent
13 consistent 14 strategies
14 strategies 15 that
14 strategies 16 promoted
15 that 16 promoted
16 promoted 18 value
17 expected 18 value
18 value 19 of
19 of 21 choices
20 deck 21 choices

performance deficits as well as a loss frequency bias were found in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 performance 2 deficits
2 deficits 5 as
2 deficits 10 were
3 as 4 well
4 well 5 as
5 as 9 bias
6 a 7 loss
6 a 9 bias
7 loss 9 bias
8 frequency 9 bias
10 were 11 found
11 found 12 in
12 in 14 adults
13 older 14 adults

however , age - related deficits were distinct between children and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 age
3 age 7 were
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 deficits
5 related 7 were
7 were 8 distinct
8 distinct 9 between
9 between 11 and
10 children 11 and
11 and 13 adults
12 older 13 adults

cognitive modeling analysis indicated that older adults were more likely to forget about recent outcomes and were more consistent than children when selecting decks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cognitive 2 modeling
1 cognitive 16 and
2 modeling 3 analysis
4 indicated 5 that
4 indicated 16 and
5 that 7 adults
5 that 8 were
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 were
8 were 9 more
8 were 10 likely
10 likely 11 to
10 likely 13 about
11 to 12 forget
13 about 15 outcomes
14 recent 15 outcomes
16 and 17 were
16 and 22 when
17 were 18 more
17 were 19 consistent
19 consistent 20 than
20 than 21 children
22 when 23 selecting
23 selecting 24 decks

cognitive ability was associated with a modeling parameter for memory as well as igt performance , suggesting the involvement of a cognitive component in young and middle - aged adult decision making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 cognitive 2 ability
2 ability 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 parameter
6 a 7 modeling
6 a 8 parameter
7 modeling 8 parameter
8 parameter 9 for
9 for 10 memory
10 memory 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 15 performance
14 igt 15 performance
16 , 17 suggesting
16 , 29 aged
17 suggesting 19 involvement
17 suggesting 29 aged
18 the 19 involvement
19 involvement 20 of
20 of 23 component
21 a 22 cognitive
21 a 23 component
22 cognitive 23 component
23 component 24 in
24 in 26 and
25 young 26 and
26 and 27 middle
26 and 28 -
29 aged 32 making
30 adult 32 making
31 decision 32 making

the interactions of modeling parameters suggested that cognitive changes were the cause of lowered performance in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 lowered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 interactions
2 interactions 3 of
2 interactions 7 that
2 interactions 13 of
2 interactions 14 lowered
3 of 4 modeling
4 modeling 5 parameters
5 parameters 6 suggested
7 that 9 changes
7 that 10 were
8 cognitive 9 changes
9 changes 10 were
10 were 12 cause
11 the 12 cause
12 cause 13 of
14 lowered 15 performance
14 lowered 16 in
16 in 18 adults
17 older 18 adults

these analyses suggest critical developments in decision processes during the adolescent years and decline in a cognitive process leading [to] decision - making deficits after age 60 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 these 2 analyses
2 analyses 13 and
3 suggest 5 developments
3 suggest 6 in
3 suggest 9 during
3 suggest 13 and
4 critical 5 developments
6 in 8 processes
7 decision 8 processes
9 during 12 years
10 the 12 years
11 adolescent 12 years
13 and 14 decline
14 decline 15 in
14 decline 23 making
15 in 21 decision
16 a 17 cognitive
16 a 21 decision
17 cognitive 21 decision
18 process 19 leading
19 leading 21 decision
22 - 23 making
23 making 24 deficits
23 making 25 after
23 making 28 .
25 after 26 age
26 age 27 60

platelets have a dynamic functional repertoire that mediates hemostatic and inflammatory responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 platelets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 platelets 2 have
2 have 6 repertoire
3 a 4 dynamic
3 a 6 repertoire
4 dynamic 6 repertoire
5 functional 6 repertoire
6 repertoire 7 that
6 repertoire 8 mediates
7 that 8 mediates
8 mediates 12 responses
9 hemostatic 10 and
10 and 11 inflammatory
10 and 12 responses

many of these functions are altered in older adults , promoting a prothrombotic , proinflammatory milieu and contributing to risk of adverse clinical events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 altered
1 many 2 of
1 many 4 functions
2 of 4 functions
3 these 4 functions
4 functions 5 are
5 are 6 altered
6 altered 7 in
7 in 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 11 promoting
10 , 11 promoting
11 promoting 17 and
11 promoting 19 to
11 promoting 25 .
12 a 13 prothrombotic
12 a 16 milieu
13 prothrombotic 14 ,
13 prothrombotic 16 milieu
15 proinflammatory 16 milieu
16 milieu 17 and
17 and 18 contributing
19 to 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 24 events
22 adverse 24 events
23 clinical 24 events

drawing primarily from human studies , this review summarizes important aspects of aging - related changes in platelets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
1 drawing 2 primarily
1 drawing 6 ,
1 drawing 8 review
2 primarily 3 from
3 from 5 studies
4 human 5 studies
7 this 8 review
8 review 9 summarizes
9 summarizes 11 aspects
10 important 11 aspects
11 aspects 12 of
12 of 13 aging
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 changes
15 related 17 in
15 related 19 .
17 in 18 platelets

the relationship between altered platelet functions and thrombotic and inflammatory disorders in older adults is highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 highlighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 15 is
3 between 7 and
4 altered 6 functions
5 platelet 6 functions
6 functions 7 and
7 and 11 disorders
7 and 12 in
8 thrombotic 9 and
9 and 10 inflammatory
9 and 11 disorders
12 in 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 is 16 highlighted

established [and] developing antiplatelet therapies for the treatment of thrombotic and inflammatory disorders are also discussed in light of these data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 established 5 therapies
3 developing 5 therapies
4 antiplatelet 5 therapies
5 therapies 6 for
5 therapies 9 of
5 therapies 14 are
6 for 8 treatment
7 the 8 treatment
9 of 13 disorders
10 thrombotic 11 and
11 and 12 inflammatory
11 and 13 disorders
14 are 16 discussed
15 also 16 discussed
16 discussed 17 in
17 in 18 light
18 light 19 of
19 of 21 data
20 these 21 data

the current study investigated [how] night - to [-] night variations in sleep duration relate to affective well - being the next morning as well as [how] the relationship varies for people of different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 night
4 investigated 8 to
7 - 8 to
8 to 10 night
8 to 19 -
10 night 11 variations
10 night 15 relate
11 variations 12 in
11 variations 15 relate
12 in 14 duration
13 sleep 14 duration
15 relate 16 to
16 to 18 well
17 affective 18 well
19 - 20 being
19 - 30 varies
19 - 36 .
20 being 23 morning
20 being 26 as
20 being 30 varies
21 the 22 next
22 next 23 morning
24 as 25 well
25 well 26 as
26 as 29 relationship
28 the 29 relationship
30 varies 31 for
31 for 32 people
32 people 33 of
33 of 35 ages
34 different 35 ages

using an experience sampling approach , 397 participants aged 12 to 88 years reported their sleep duration and their momentary affect on 9 mornings , on average . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aged
1 using 5 approach
1 using 6 ,
1 using 8 participants
2 an 5 approach
3 experience 4 sampling
4 sampling 5 approach
7 397 8 participants
8 participants 9 aged
9 aged 11 to
9 aged 22 on
10 12 11 to
11 to 12 88
12 88 13 years
13 years 14 reported
14 reported 16 sleep
15 their 16 sleep
16 sleep 18 and
16 sleep 21 affect
17 duration 18 and
18 and 20 momentary
18 and 21 affect
19 their 20 momentary
22 on 24 mornings
23 9 24 mornings
24 mornings 27 average
25 , 27 average
26 on 27 average
27 average 28 .

associations between sleep duration during the previous night and morning affect differed depending on the participants ' age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 associations 2 between
1 associations 12 differed
2 between 3 sleep
3 sleep 9 and
3 sleep 11 affect
4 duration 5 during
4 duration 9 and
5 during 8 night
6 the 8 night
7 previous 8 night
9 and 10 morning
9 and 11 affect
12 differed 13 depending
12 differed 14 on
14 on 18 age
15 the 16 participants
16 participants 17 '
17 ' 18 age

for adolescents , for example , affective well - being in the morning [was] worse [the] shorter participants had slept the previous night . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 for 8 well
1 for 9 -
1 for 10 being
2 adolescents 8 well
3 , 5 example
4 for 5 example
5 example 6 ,
5 example 7 affective
7 affective 8 well
10 being 11 in
10 being 19 had
11 in 18 participants
12 the 18 participants
13 morning 18 participants
15 worse 18 participants
17 shorter 18 participants
19 had 20 slept
20 slept 23 night
21 the 22 previous
22 previous 23 night

for adults aged over 20 years , however , affective well - being was worse following nights with shorter or longer than average sleep duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 for 2 adults
1 for 12 -
1 for 13 being
2 adults 3 aged
2 adults 11 well
3 aged 4 over
3 aged 8 however
4 over 6 years
5 20 6 years
7 , 8 however
8 however 9 ,
9 , 11 well
10 affective 11 well
11 well 12 -
13 being 14 was
14 was 17 nights
15 worse 16 following
16 following 17 nights
17 nights 18 with
18 with 25 duration
19 shorter 20 or
20 or 21 longer
20 or 25 duration
21 longer 22 than
22 than 24 sleep
23 average 24 sleep

this effect [was] more pronounced the older [the] participants were . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 effect
2 effect 4 more
2 effect 5 pronounced
2 effect 10 were
4 more 5 pronounced
5 pronounced 9 participants
6 the 9 participants
7 older 9 participants

the findings demonstrate that the importance of sleep duration for daily affective [well] - being is better understood when considering the age of the sleeper . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 importance
4 that 18 understood
5 the 6 importance
6 importance 7 of
6 importance 16 is
7 of 9 duration
8 sleep 9 duration
9 duration 10 for
10 for 15 being
11 daily 15 being
12 affective 14 -
12 affective 15 being
16 is 18 understood
17 better 18 understood
18 understood 19 when
19 when 20 considering
20 considering 22 age
21 the 22 age
22 age 23 of
23 of 25 sleeper
24 the 25 sleeper

in adults , but not adolescents , not only sleeping less but also sleeping more than one 's average can be associated with lower affective well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 average
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 in 2 adults
1 in 19 average
2 adults 4 but
3 , 4 but
4 but 5 not
4 but 6 adolescents
4 but 7 ,
8 not 10 sleeping
8 not 19 average
9 only 10 sleeping
10 sleeping 11 less
10 sleeping 12 but
12 but 14 sleeping
13 also 14 sleeping
15 more 16 than
16 than 17 one
17 one 18 's
18 's 19 average
19 average 20 can
20 can 21 be
21 be 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 26 well
24 lower 26 well
25 affective 26 well
27 - 28 being
27 - 29 .

primary care providers are expected to address the sexual health concerns of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 providers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 primary 2 care
2 care 3 providers
3 providers 4 are
4 are 5 expected
5 expected 6 to
5 expected 7 address
6 to 7 address
7 address 11 concerns
8 the 11 concerns
9 sexual 10 health
10 health 11 concerns
11 concerns 12 of
12 of 14 adults
13 older 14 adults

this study aimed to assess knowledge of aging sexuality and adequacy of formal sexual health education in a sample of u.s . physicians and nurse practitioners in primary care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 6 knowledge
5 assess 17 in
6 knowledge 7 of
6 knowledge 12 of
7 of 10 and
8 aging 9 sexuality
9 sexuality 10 and
10 and 11 adequacy
12 of 16 education
13 formal 15 health
14 sexual 15 health
15 health 16 education
17 in 19 sample
18 a 19 sample
19 sample 20 of
20 of 21 u.s
22 . 24 and
22 . 30 .
23 physicians 24 and
24 and 26 practitioners
24 and 27 in
25 nurse 26 practitioners
27 in 29 care
28 primary 29 care

response [rate] was 24.9 % ( n = 278 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 response 3 was
3 was 5 %
4 24.9 5 %
5 % 8 =
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 278
8 = 10 )

knowledge scores reflected good knowledge ; however , only 3 % of the sample felt that they had adequate knowledge of older adult sexuality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 knowledge 2 scores
2 scores 5 knowledge
3 reflected 5 knowledge
4 good 5 knowledge
6 ; 11 %
6 ; 15 felt
7 however 8 ,
7 however 11 %
9 only 10 3
10 3 11 %
11 % 12 of
11 % 15 felt
12 of 14 sample
13 the 14 sample
15 felt 16 that
16 that 17 they
16 that 18 had
17 they 18 had
18 had 20 knowledge
19 adequate 20 knowledge
20 knowledge 21 of
21 of 24 sexuality
22 older 23 adult
23 adult 24 sexuality

training was found to be adequate for 11 % of the sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 training 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 4 to
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 adequate
6 adequate 7 for
7 for 9 %
8 11 9 %
9 % 10 of
10 of 12 sample
11 the 12 sample

u.s . providers in primary care are interested in learning more about aging sexuality but feel ill - prepared for it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 u.s
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .
2 . 3 providers
2 . 15 but
3 providers 4 in
3 providers 7 are
4 in 6 care
5 primary 6 care
7 are 15 but
8 interested 9 in
8 interested 11 more
8 interested 12 about
8 interested 14 sexuality
8 interested 15 but
9 in 10 learning
12 about 13 aging
15 but 16 feel
16 feel 17 ill
17 ill 19 prepared
18 - 19 prepared
19 prepared 20 for
19 prepared 22 .
20 for 21 it

although the number of older adults is rapidly expanding , the number of healthcare professionals trained in geriatrics is small and declining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 number
1 although 9 expanding
1 although 12 number
2 the 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 7 is
4 of 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
7 is 9 expanding
8 rapidly 9 expanding
9 expanding 10 ,
11 the 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 16 trained
12 number 19 is
13 of 15 professionals
14 healthcare 15 professionals
16 trained 17 in
17 in 18 geriatrics
19 is 21 and
20 small 21 and
21 and 22 declining

the reasons are multifaceted , but because responsibility for training such professionals resides largely in academic health centers ( ahcs ) , their support for geriatrics is critical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 reasons
2 reasons 3 are
3 are 4 multifaceted
5 , 6 but
6 but 24 support
6 but 27 is
7 because 8 responsibility
7 because 13 resides
7 because 22 ,
7 because 24 support
8 responsibility 9 for
8 responsibility 13 resides
9 for 10 training
10 training 12 professionals
11 such 12 professionals
13 resides 14 largely
14 largely 15 in
15 in 18 centers
16 academic 17 health
17 health 18 centers
18 centers 20 ahcs
19 ( 20 ahcs
20 ahcs 21 )
23 their 24 support
24 support 25 for
24 support 27 is
25 for 26 geriatrics
27 is 28 critical

as ahcs face increasing financial pressure , many are seeking metrics to measure productivity and the relative value unit ( rvu ) may be the one most commonly selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 as 6 pressure
1 as 7 ,
1 as 8 many
2 ahcs 4 increasing
3 face 4 increasing
4 increasing 6 pressure
5 financial 6 pressure
8 many 9 are
9 are 10 seeking
10 seeking 11 metrics
11 metrics 12 to
12 to 14 productivity
13 measure 14 productivity
15 and 21 rvu
15 and 24 be
16 the 21 rvu
17 relative 18 value
18 value 19 unit
19 unit 21 rvu
20 ( 21 rvu
21 rvu 22 )
21 rvu 23 may
23 may 24 be
24 be 26 one
25 the 26 one
26 one 27 most
26 one 29 selected
27 most 29 selected
28 commonly 29 selected

yet little is known about the rvu 's effect on geriatric programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 yet 2 little
2 little 3 is
3 is 4 known
4 known 5 about
4 known 10 on
5 about 9 effect
6 the 7 rvu
7 rvu 8 's
8 's 9 effect
10 on 12 programs
11 geriatric 12 programs

review of the literature and a survey of the leaders of the association of directors of geriatric academic programs suggest that the advantages of an rvu [-] based metric are likely eclipsed by its negative impact on the care of older adults , the ability of academic geriatrics to accomplish its mission , and even the survival of geriatrics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 review 2 of
1 review 5 and
2 of 4 literature
3 the 4 literature
5 and 7 survey
5 and 8 of
5 and 14 of
5 and 20 suggest
6 a 7 survey
8 of 10 leaders
9 the 10 leaders
10 leaders 11 of
11 of 13 association
12 the 13 association
14 of 19 programs
15 directors 16 of
15 directors 18 academic
16 of 17 geriatric
18 academic 19 programs
20 suggest 21 that
21 that 23 advantages
21 that 30 are
22 the 23 advantages
23 advantages 24 of
23 advantages 30 are
24 of 26 rvu
25 an 26 rvu
26 rvu 28 based
28 based 29 metric
30 are 54 and
31 likely 32 eclipsed
31 likely 54 and
32 eclipsed 33 by
33 by 36 impact
34 its 36 impact
35 negative 36 impact
36 impact 37 on
36 impact 40 of
37 on 39 care
38 the 39 care
40 of 42 adults
41 older 42 adults
42 adults 45 ability
43 , 45 ability
44 the 45 ability
45 ability 46 of
45 ability 49 to
45 ability 50 accomplish
45 ability 53 ,
46 of 48 geriatrics
47 academic 48 geriatrics
49 to 50 accomplish
50 accomplish 52 mission
51 its 52 mission
54 and 55 even
54 and 57 survival
56 the 57 survival
57 survival 58 of
58 of 59 geriatrics

if the rvu is to continue to be used as the index of productivity , it should be modified -- by reweighting its codes ( [or] by adding new ones ) -- and complemented by interventions to ensure patient access , care quality , and efficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 if 3 rvu
1 if 9 used
1 if 16 it
2 the 3 rvu
3 rvu 4 is
4 is 5 to
4 is 9 used
5 to 6 continue
6 continue 7 to
6 continue 8 be
7 to 8 be
10 as 12 index
10 as 15 ,
10 as 16 it
11 the 12 index
12 index 13 of
13 of 14 productivity
16 it 33 and
17 should 18 be
17 should 33 and
18 be 19 modified
19 modified 21 by
20 -- 21 by
21 by 22 reweighting
21 by 32 --
22 reweighting 24 codes
22 reweighting 27 by
23 its 24 codes
25 ( 27 by
27 by 28 adding
27 by 31 )
28 adding 30 ones
29 new 30 ones
32 -- 33 and
33 and 34 complemented
33 and 35 by
33 and 40 access
35 by 36 interventions
36 interventions 37 to
36 interventions 38 ensure
37 to 38 ensure
39 patient 40 access
41 , 45 and
42 care 43 quality
43 quality 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 efficiency

because an alternative [metric] , such as a patient - based value unit may be preferable , this article describes the principles on which one might be based . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 unit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 because 3 alternative
1 because 11 based
1 because 13 unit
2 an 3 alternative
3 alternative 7 as
3 alternative 11 based
5 , 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 9 patient
7 as 10 -
8 a 9 patient
11 based 12 value
13 unit 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 preferable
17 , 19 article
17 , 20 describes
18 this 19 article
19 article 20 describes
20 describes 22 principles
21 the 22 principles
22 principles 23 on
23 on 24 which
23 on 25 one
23 on 28 based
25 one 26 might
26 might 27 be
27 be 28 based
28 based 29 .

regardless , urgent action is required by all stakeholders to address this issue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 action
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 regardless 2 ,
1 regardless 4 action
3 urgent 4 action
4 action 5 is
5 is 6 required
6 required 7 by
6 required 10 to
6 required 11 address
7 by 9 stakeholders
8 all 9 stakeholders
10 to 11 address
11 address 13 issue
12 this 13 issue

without it , the future of academic geriatrics -- and [with] it the innovative care models , research , and training the nation needs to improve care and bend the cost curve -- will be [difficult] [if] not impossible to sustain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 curve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 --
1 without 10 and
1 without 20 and
2 it 3 ,
3 , 5 future
3 , 10 and
4 the 5 future
5 future 6 of
6 of 8 geriatrics
7 academic 8 geriatrics
9 -- 10 and
10 and 12 it
13 the 16 models
14 innovative 15 care
15 care 16 models
16 models 17 ,
17 , 18 research
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 training
20 and 23 nation
20 and 28 and
20 and 32 curve
22 the 23 nation
23 nation 24 needs
24 needs 25 to
24 needs 28 and
25 to 28 and
26 improve 27 care
26 improve 28 and
28 and 29 bend
29 bend 31 cost
30 the 31 cost
33 -- 34 will
33 -- 35 be
33 -- 42 .
34 will 35 be
35 be 38 not
35 be 39 impossible
38 not 39 impossible
39 impossible 40 to
39 impossible 41 sustain
40 to 41 sustain

significance : aging is a multi - factorial process that may be associated with several functional and structural deficits which can evolve into degenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 4 is
2 : 26 .
3 aging 4 is
4 is 9 process
4 is 14 with
5 a 6 multi
5 a 9 process
6 multi 7 -
6 multi 9 process
8 factorial 9 process
9 process 10 that
9 process 11 may
10 that 11 may
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 associated
14 with 19 deficits
15 several 19 deficits
16 functional 17 and
17 and 18 structural
17 and 19 deficits
19 deficits 20 which
19 deficits 21 can
20 which 21 can
21 can 22 evolve
22 evolve 23 into
23 into 25 diseases
24 degenerative 25 diseases

in this review , we present data that may depict an expanded view of molecular aging theories , beginning with the idea that reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are the major effectors in this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 present
6 present 7 data
7 data 8 that
7 data 9 may
8 that 9 may
9 may 10 depict
10 depict 13 view
11 an 13 view
12 expanded 13 view
13 view 14 of
14 of 17 theories
15 molecular 17 theories
16 aging 17 theories
18 , 19 beginning
18 , 30 are
19 beginning 20 with
19 beginning 30 are
20 with 22 idea
20 with 26 species
21 the 22 idea
23 that 24 reactive
24 reactive 25 oxygen
25 oxygen 26 species
26 species 28 ros
27 ( 28 ros
28 ros 29 )
30 are 33 effectors
31 the 33 effectors
32 major 33 effectors
33 effectors 34 in
34 in 36 process
35 this 36 process

in addition , we have correlated the importance of autophagy as a neuroprotective mechanism and discussed a link between age - related molecules , ca ( 2+ ) signaling , and oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 15 and
5 have 6 correlated
5 have 15 and
6 correlated 8 importance
6 correlated 11 as
7 the 8 importance
8 importance 9 of
9 of 10 autophagy
11 as 14 mechanism
12 a 13 neuroprotective
12 a 14 mechanism
13 neuroprotective 14 mechanism
15 and 16 discussed
15 and 19 between
16 discussed 18 link
17 a 18 link
19 between 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 23 molecules
24 , 31 and
25 ca 27 2+
25 ca 29 signaling
25 ca 31 and
26 ( 27 2+
27 2+ 28 )
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 stress
32 oxidative 33 stress

recent advances : there is evidence suggesting that alterations in ca ( 2+ ) homeostasis , including mitochondrial ca ( 2+ ) overload and alterations in electron transport chain ( etc ) complexes , which increase cell vulnerability , are linked to oxidative stress in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 advances
3 : 4 there
3 : 5 is
3 : 24 and
3 : 47 .
4 there 5 is
5 is 7 suggesting
6 evidence 7 suggesting
7 suggesting 8 that
7 suggesting 23 overload
8 that 9 alterations
8 that 23 overload
9 alterations 10 in
9 alterations 23 overload
10 in 11 ca
11 ca 15 homeostasis
12 ( 15 homeostasis
13 2+ 14 )
13 2+ 15 homeostasis
15 homeostasis 17 including
15 homeostasis 22 )
16 , 17 including
17 including 19 ca
17 including 22 )
18 mitochondrial 19 ca
19 ca 21 2+
20 ( 21 2+
21 2+ 22 )
24 and 25 alterations
24 and 41 linked
25 alterations 26 in
25 alterations 29 chain
25 alterations 33 complexes
25 alterations 35 which
25 alterations 40 are
26 in 28 transport
27 electron 28 transport
29 chain 31 etc
29 chain 33 complexes
30 ( 31 etc
31 etc 32 )
34 , 35 which
35 which 36 increase
35 which 39 ,
36 increase 38 vulnerability
37 cell 38 vulnerability
40 are 41 linked
41 linked 42 to
41 linked 45 in
42 to 44 stress
43 oxidative 44 stress
45 in 46 aging

as much as ca ( 2+ ) signaling is altered in aged cells , excess ros can be produced due to an ineffective coupling of mitochondrial respiration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ros
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 as 2 much
1 as 10 altered
1 as 16 ros
2 much 3 as
2 much 8 signaling
2 much 9 is
3 as 4 ca
4 ca 6 2+
5 ( 6 2+
6 2+ 7 )
9 is 10 altered
10 altered 11 in
10 altered 14 ,
10 altered 15 excess
11 in 13 cells
12 aged 13 cells
16 ros 17 can
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 produced
19 produced 21 to
20 due 21 to
21 to 24 coupling
22 an 24 coupling
23 ineffective 24 coupling
24 coupling 25 of
25 of 27 respiration
26 mitochondrial 27 respiration

damaged mitochondria might not be removed by the macroautophagic system , which is hampered in aging by lipofuscin accumulation , boosting ros generation , damaging dna , and , ultimately , leading to apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 removed
1 damaged 2 mitochondria
2 mitochondria 3 might
3 might 4 not
3 might 5 be
5 be 6 removed
6 removed 7 by
6 removed 21 boosting
6 removed 25 damaging
7 by 10 system
8 the 10 system
9 macroautophagic 10 system
10 system 12 which
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 is
12 which 20 ,
13 is 14 hampered
14 hampered 15 in
15 in 16 aging
16 aging 17 by
17 by 19 accumulation
18 lipofuscin 19 accumulation
20 , 21 boosting
21 boosting 23 generation
21 boosting 24 ,
22 ros 23 generation
24 , 25 damaging
25 damaging 28 and
25 damaging 33 to
25 damaging 35 .
26 dna 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 ultimately
28 and 32 leading
29 , 30 ultimately
30 ultimately 31 ,
33 to 34 apoptosis

critical issues : this process can lead to altered protein expression ( such as p53 , sirt1 , and igf - 1 ) and progress to cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 critical 2 issues
3 : 24 and
3 : 29 .
4 this 7 lead
5 process 6 can
6 can 7 lead
7 lead 8 to
7 lead 19 and
8 to 11 expression
9 altered 10 protein
10 protein 11 expression
11 expression 14 as
12 ( 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 15 p53
14 as 18 ,
15 p53 17 sirt1
16 , 17 sirt1
17 sirt1 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 igf
19 and 22 1
19 and 24 and
21 - 22 1
22 1 23 )
24 and 25 progress
24 and 26 to
26 to 28 death
27 cell 28 death

this cycle can lead to increased cell vulnerability in aging and contribute to an increased susceptibility to degenerative processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cycle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 cycle
2 cycle 3 can
3 can 4 lead
4 lead 5 to
5 to 11 and
6 increased 8 vulnerability
6 increased 9 in
6 increased 11 and
7 cell 8 vulnerability
9 in 10 aging
11 and 12 contribute
12 contribute 13 to
12 contribute 17 to
13 to 16 susceptibility
14 an 16 susceptibility
15 increased 16 susceptibility
17 to 19 processes
18 degenerative 19 processes

future directions : a better understanding of ca ( 2+ ) signaling and molecular aging alterations is important for preventing apoptosis in age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 preventing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 related
1 future 2 directions
2 directions 3 :
3 : 6 understanding
4 a 6 understanding
5 better 6 understanding
6 understanding 7 of
6 understanding 15 aging
6 understanding 20 preventing
7 of 13 and
8 ca 10 2+
8 ca 12 signaling
8 ca 13 and
9 ( 10 2+
10 2+ 11 )
13 and 14 molecular
15 aging 16 alterations
15 aging 17 is
17 is 18 important
18 important 19 for
19 for 20 preventing
20 preventing 21 apoptosis
20 preventing 22 in
22 in 23 age
24 - 25 related
25 related 26 diseases
25 related 27 .

in addition , caloric restriction , resveratrol and autophagy modulation appear to be predominantly cytoprotective , and further studies of this process are promising in age - related disease therapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 and
4 caloric 5 restriction
5 restriction 6 ,
6 , 7 resveratrol
6 , 8 and
8 and 10 modulation
8 and 11 appear
9 autophagy 10 modulation
11 appear 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 15 cytoprotective
14 predominantly 15 cytoprotective
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 studies
17 and 23 are
18 further 19 studies
19 studies 20 of
19 studies 23 are
20 of 22 process
21 this 22 process
23 are 24 promising
24 promising 29 disease
24 promising 30 therapeutics
25 in 26 age
25 in 27 -
25 in 29 disease
28 related 29 disease
29 disease 30 therapeutics

objectives : to estimate the rate of restricting fatigue in community [-] living older adults and to determine whether the rates differ according to age , sex , race , physical frailty , and depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 16 and
2 : 30 ,
3 to 16 and
4 estimate 6 rate
4 estimate 10 in
4 estimate 16 and
5 the 6 rate
6 rate 7 of
7 of 8 restricting
8 restricting 9 fatigue
10 in 15 adults
11 community 13 living
13 living 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 and 17 to
16 and 18 determine
17 to 18 determine
18 determine 19 whether
19 whether 21 rates
19 whether 22 differ
20 the 21 rates
21 rates 22 differ
22 differ 24 to
23 according 24 to
24 to 25 age
25 age 27 sex
26 , 27 sex
27 sex 29 race
27 sex 30 ,
28 , 29 race
29 race 30 ,
30 , 34 and
31 physical 32 frailty
32 frailty 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 depression

design : prospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study

setting : greater new haven , connecticut . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 haven
3 greater 5 haven
4 new 5 haven
6 , 7 connecticut

participants : nondisabled [community] - living older men and women aged 70 and older ( n = 754 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 nondisabled
3 nondisabled 6 living
5 - 6 living
6 living 13 and
6 living 19 )
7 older 8 men
8 men 9 and
9 and 10 women
9 and 11 aged
9 and 13 and
11 aged 12 70
13 and 14 older
14 older 17 =
15 ( 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 754
17 = 19 )

measurements : restricting fatigue was defined as staying in bed for at least half the day and/or cutting down on one 's usual activities because of fatigue for 3 consecutive months or longer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 restricting
2 : 22 's
2 : 34 .
3 restricting 4 fatigue
3 restricting 5 was
5 was 6 defined
6 defined 7 as
6 defined 17 and/or
7 as 8 staying
8 staying 10 bed
8 staying 11 for
9 in 10 bed
11 for 14 half
12 at 13 least
13 least 14 half
14 half 15 the
14 half 16 day
15 the 16 day
17 and/or 18 cutting
18 cutting 19 down
18 cutting 22 's
19 down 20 on
20 on 21 one
22 's 24 activities
22 's 25 because
22 's 28 for
22 's 32 or
23 usual 24 activities
25 because 26 of
26 of 27 fatigue
28 for 29 3
30 consecutive 31 months
31 months 32 or
32 or 33 longer

physical frailty was defined on the basis of slow gait speed , and depression was assessed using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 physical 2 frailty
2 frailty 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 on
5 on 7 basis
6 the 7 basis
7 basis 8 of
8 of 11 speed
9 slow 10 gait
10 gait 11 speed
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 depression
13 and 16 assessed
14 depression 15 was
15 was 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 using
17 using 19 center
18 the 19 center
19 center 20 for
20 for 24 scale
21 epidemiologic 22 studies
22 studies 23 depression
23 depression 24 scale

results : during a median follow - up of 111 months , the cumulative incidence of restricting fatigue was 31.1 % for men and 42.1 % [for] women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 follow
2 : 7 -
3 during 5 median
3 during 6 follow
4 a 5 median
7 - 15 incidence
7 - 19 was
7 - 29 .
8 up 15 incidence
9 of 11 months
9 of 12 ,
9 of 15 incidence
10 111 11 months
13 the 15 incidence
14 cumulative 15 incidence
15 incidence 16 of
15 incidence 19 was
16 of 17 restricting
17 restricting 18 fatigue
19 was 21 %
20 31.1 21 %
21 % 22 for
22 for 24 and
23 men 24 and
24 and 28 women
25 42.1 28 women
26 % 28 women

the overall incidence rate of restricting fatigue was 6.7 per 1,000 person - months ( 7.8 for women and [4.4] for men , p < [.] 001 ) , which did not differ according to race . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
1 the 4 rate
2 overall 4 rate
3 incidence 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
4 rate 8 was
5 of 6 restricting
6 restricting 7 fatigue
8 was 9 6.7
9 6.7 10 per
9 6.7 14 months
10 per 12 person
11 1,000 12 person
13 - 14 months
14 months 16 7.8
14 months 25 <
14 months 30 which
14 months 37 .
15 ( 16 7.8
16 7.8 19 and
16 7.8 23 ,
17 for 18 women
17 for 19 and
19 and 21 for
21 for 22 men
23 , 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 27 001
25 < 28 )
29 , 30 which
30 which 31 did
30 which 37 .
31 did 32 not
31 did 33 differ
33 differ 35 to
34 according 35 to
35 to 36 race

of the 459 episodes of restricting fatigue , the median duration was 3 months , which did not differ according to age , sex , race , physical frailty , or depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 of 4 episodes
1 of 11 duration
2 the 3 459
3 459 4 episodes
5 of 6 restricting
5 of 8 ,
5 of 11 duration
6 restricting 7 fatigue
9 the 11 duration
10 median 11 duration
11 duration 12 was
12 was 31 or
13 3 14 months
14 months 16 which
14 months 24 sex
14 months 29 frailty
14 months 31 or
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 did
16 which 23 ,
17 did 18 not
17 did 19 differ
19 differ 21 to
20 according 21 to
21 to 22 age
23 , 24 sex
24 sex 26 race
24 sex 27 ,
25 , 26 race
26 race 27 ,
27 , 29 frailty
28 physical 29 frailty
29 frailty 30 ,
30 , 31 or
31 or 32 depression

conclusion : restricting fatigue is common in community [-] living older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 restricting
2 : 5 is
2 : 13 .
3 restricting 4 fatigue
3 restricting 5 is
5 is 6 common
6 common 7 in
7 in 12 adults
8 community 10 living
10 living 12 adults
11 older 12 adults

women , individuals aged 75 to 84 , and individuals with physical frailty or depression had higher rates of restricting fatigue than their respective counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 women 3 individuals
1 women 9 and
2 , 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 aged
3 individuals 8 ,
4 aged 6 to
5 75 6 to
6 to 7 84
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 individuals
9 and 11 with
9 and 16 had
11 with 14 or
12 physical 13 frailty
13 frailty 14 or
14 or 15 depression
16 had 18 rates
17 higher 18 rates
18 rates 19 of
19 of 20 restricting
20 restricting 21 fatigue
20 restricting 22 than
22 than 25 counterparts
23 their 25 counterparts
24 respective 25 counterparts

objectives : to compare [chart] - and interview - based methods for identification of delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 and
2 : 9 -
2 : 16 .
3 to 7 and
4 compare 7 and
6 - 7 and
7 and 8 interview
9 - 11 methods
10 based 11 methods
11 methods 12 for
12 for 13 identification
13 identification 14 of
14 of 15 delirium

design : prospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study

setting : two academic medical centers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 6 centers
3 two 6 centers
4 academic 6 centers
5 medical 6 centers

participants : individuals aged 70 and older undergoing major elective surgery ( n = 300 ) ( majority orthopedic surgery ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 11 surgery
3 individuals 11 surgery
4 aged 5 70
4 aged 6 and
6 and 7 older
6 and 9 major
8 undergoing 9 major
9 major 11 surgery
10 elective 11 surgery
11 surgery 14 =
11 surgery 20 surgery
12 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 300
14 = 16 )
17 ( 20 surgery
18 majority 20 surgery
19 orthopedic 20 surgery
20 surgery 21 )

measurements : participants were interviewed daily during hospitalization for delirium using the confusion assessment method ( cam [;] interview - based method ) , and their medical charts were reviewed for delirium using a validated chart - review method ( chart [-] based method ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 3 participants
2 : 30 reviewed
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 interviewed
5 interviewed 6 daily
5 interviewed 7 during
5 interviewed 9 for
7 during 8 hospitalization
9 for 25 and
10 delirium 11 using
10 delirium 25 and
11 using 19 interview
12 the 19 interview
13 confusion 14 assessment
14 assessment 15 method
15 method 17 cam
16 ( 17 cam
17 cam 19 interview
19 interview 22 method
20 - 22 method
21 based 22 method
22 method 23 )
24 , 25 and
25 and 28 charts
25 and 29 were
26 their 28 charts
27 medical 28 charts
29 were 30 reviewed
30 reviewed 31 for
30 reviewed 33 using
31 for 32 delirium
33 using 36 chart
34 a 36 chart
35 validated 36 chart
36 chart 39 method
37 - 39 method
38 review 39 method
39 method 44 method
39 method 45 )
40 ( 44 method
41 chart 43 based
43 based 44 method
44 method 45 )

rate of agreement of the two methods and characteristics of those identified using each approach were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 rate 2 of
1 rate 4 of
1 rate 8 and
2 of 3 agreement
4 of 7 methods
5 the 6 two
6 two 7 methods
8 and 9 characteristics
8 and 10 of
8 and 16 were
10 of 11 those
11 those 12 identified
11 those 13 using
13 using 15 approach
14 each 15 approach
16 were 17 examined

predictive validity for clinical outcomes ( length of stay [,] postoperative complications , discharge disposition ) was compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 predictive 2 validity
2 validity 3 for
2 validity 17 was
3 for 5 outcomes
4 clinical 5 outcomes
5 outcomes 7 length
5 outcomes 15 disposition
6 ( 7 length
7 length 8 of
7 length 13 ,
8 of 12 complications
9 stay 12 complications
11 postoperative 12 complications
13 , 15 disposition
14 discharge 15 disposition
15 disposition 16 )
17 was 18 compared

in the absence of a criterion standard , predictive value could not be calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 absence
1 in 13 be
2 the 3 absence
3 absence 4 of
4 of 6 criterion
5 a 6 criterion
7 standard 8 ,
7 standard 10 value
9 predictive 10 value
10 value 11 could
11 could 12 not
11 could 13 be
13 be 14 calculated

results : the cumulative incidence of delirium was 23 % ( n = 68 [ )(according to the interview [-] based method , 12 % ( n = 35 ) according to the chart - based method , [and] 27 % ( n = 82 [ )(according to the combined approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 incidence
2 : 8 was
3 the 5 incidence
4 cumulative 5 incidence
5 incidence 6 of
5 incidence 8 was
6 of 7 delirium
8 was 10 %
9 23 10 %
10 % 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 68
14 68 16 )(according
14 68 21 based
16 )(according 17 to
16 )(according 21 based
17 to 19 interview
18 the 19 interview
21 based 22 method
21 based 32 to
22 method 25 %
23 , 25 %
24 12 25 %
25 % 28 =
25 % 30 )
26 ( 28 =
27 n 28 =
28 = 29 35
28 = 30 )
31 according 32 to
32 to 34 chart
33 the 34 chart
34 chart 37 method
34 chart 41 %
35 - 37 method
36 based 37 method
37 method 38 ,
38 , 41 %
40 27 41 %
41 % 44 =
41 % 52 .
42 ( 44 =
43 n 44 =
44 = 47 )(according
45 82 47 )(according
47 )(according 48 to
48 to 51 approach
49 the 51 approach
50 combined 51 approach

overall agreement was 80 % ; kappa was 0.30 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 agreement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 overall 2 agreement
2 agreement 3 was
3 was 5 %
4 80 5 %
6 ; 7 kappa
6 ; 8 was
7 kappa 8 was
8 was 9 0.30

the methods differed in detection of psychomotor features and time [of] onset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 methods
2 methods 3 differed
3 differed 4 in
4 in 5 detection
5 detection 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 psychomotor 8 features
8 features 9 and
9 and 12 onset
10 time 12 onset

the chart - based method missed delirium in individuals that the cam identified who were lacking features of psychomotor agitation or inappropriate behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 chart
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 chart
3 - 5 method
3 - 6 missed
4 based 5 method
5 method 6 missed
6 missed 7 delirium
7 delirium 8 in
7 delirium 18 of
8 in 9 individuals
9 individuals 10 that
9 individuals 17 features
10 that 12 cam
10 that 17 features
11 the 12 cam
12 cam 13 identified
12 cam 14 who
12 cam 15 were
12 cam 17 features
14 who 15 were
15 were 16 lacking
18 of 21 or
19 psychomotor 20 agitation
20 agitation 21 or
21 or 23 behavior
22 inappropriate 23 behavior

the cam - based method missed chart - identified cases occurring during the night shift . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cam
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cam
3 - 7 chart
3 - 8 -
4 based 5 method
5 method 6 missed
6 missed 7 chart
8 - 10 cases
8 - 15 shift
8 - 16 .
9 identified 10 cases
10 cases 11 occurring
10 cases 15 shift
11 occurring 12 during
12 during 14 night
13 the 14 night

the combined method had high predictive validity for all clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 method
2 combined 3 method
3 method 4 had
4 had 7 validity
5 high 7 validity
6 predictive 7 validity
7 validity 8 for
8 for 11 outcomes
9 all 11 outcomes
10 clinical 11 outcomes

conclusions : interview - and chart - based methods have specific strengths for identification of delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 interview 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 6 chart
7 - 9 methods
7 - 10 have
7 - 17 .
8 based 9 methods
9 methods 10 have
10 have 12 strengths
11 specific 12 strengths
12 strengths 13 for
13 for 14 identification
14 identification 15 of
15 of 16 delirium

a combined approach captures the largest [number] and broadest range of delirium cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 captures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 3 approach
2 combined 3 approach
3 approach 4 captures
4 captures 10 range
5 the 8 and
5 the 10 range
6 largest 8 and
8 and 9 broadest
10 range 11 of
11 of 13 cases
12 delirium 13 cases

objectives : sleep deprivation can physically affect skin appearance [,] e.g . increase the cutaneous signs of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 sleep
3 sleep 4 deprivation
3 sleep 7 affect
4 deprivation 5 can
5 can 7 affect
6 physically 7 affect
7 affect 11 e.g
8 skin 11 e.g
9 appearance 11 e.g
12 . 13 increase
12 . 19 .
13 increase 16 signs
14 the 16 signs
15 cutaneous 16 signs
16 signs 17 of
17 of 18 aging

there are no studies of sleep disorders and subjective ratings of skin [appearance] or cutaneous body image ( cbi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 8 and
3 no 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
4 studies 8 and
5 of 7 disorders
6 sleep 7 disorders
8 and 10 ratings
8 and 11 of
9 subjective 10 ratings
11 of 14 or
12 skin 14 or
14 or 17 image
14 or 19 cbi
15 cutaneous 16 body
16 body 17 image
18 ( 19 cbi
19 cbi 20 )

cbi is an important consideration in the treatment of cosmetically disfiguring dermatologic disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cbi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cbi 2 is
2 is 5 consideration
3 an 4 important
3 an 5 consideration
4 important 5 consideration
5 consideration 6 in
6 in 8 treatment
7 the 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 of
9 of 11 disfiguring
10 cosmetically 11 disfiguring
11 disfiguring 13 disorders
12 dermatologic 13 disorders

we examined the association of insomnia and cbi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 7 and
6 insomnia 7 and
7 and 8 cbi

methods : as part of a larger study , community - based [non] - clinical participants completed ratings of insomnia and cbi ( also measured [4] - weeks post - baseline ) using the cutaneous body image scale ( cbis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 as
3 as 4 part
4 part 5 of
5 of 8 study
6 a 8 study
7 larger 8 study
9 , 10 community
9 , 11 -
11 - 16 participants
11 - 17 completed
12 based 14 -
12 based 16 participants
15 clinical 16 participants
16 participants 17 completed
17 completed 18 ratings
18 ratings 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 insomnia 21 and
21 and 22 cbi
22 cbi 31 baseline
22 cbi 33 using
23 ( 24 also
23 ( 31 baseline
25 measured 29 post
25 measured 30 -
25 measured 31 baseline
27 - 29 post
28 weeks 29 post
29 post 30 -
31 baseline 32 )
33 using 38 scale
34 the 38 scale
35 cutaneous 36 body
36 body 37 image
37 image 38 scale
38 scale 40 cbis
39 ( 40 cbis
40 cbis 41 )

results : 301/311 adults ( 238 women ; mean ± sd age 38.6 ± 14.7 years ; 54.5 % married ; 94.2 % " white " ) completed insomnia and cbi ratings at baseline ; 243/301 completed cbi ratings 4 - weeks post - baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 adults
3 301/311 4 adults
4 adults 7 women
5 ( 7 women
6 238 7 women
7 women 8 ;
8 ; 9 mean
8 ; 17 ;
9 mean 16 years
10 ± 12 age
11 sd 12 age
12 age 16 years
13 38.6 16 years
14 ± 16 years
15 14.7 16 years
17 ; 19 %
17 ; 20 married
17 ; 21 ;
18 54.5 19 %
19 % 20 married
21 ; 30 and
21 ; 35 ;
22 94.2 23 %
23 % 24 "
23 % 29 insomnia
25 white 26 "
25 white 27 )
25 white 29 insomnia
28 completed 29 insomnia
29 insomnia 30 and
30 and 32 ratings
30 and 33 at
31 cbi 32 ratings
33 at 34 baseline
35 ; 36 243/301
35 ; 37 completed
36 243/301 37 completed
37 completed 39 ratings
38 cbi 39 ratings
39 ratings 40 4
39 ratings 43 post
39 ratings 45 baseline
41 - 43 post
42 weeks 43 post
43 post 44 -
44 - 45 baseline
45 baseline 46 .

a low cbis score denotes greater dissatisfaction with cbi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 denotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 a 4 score
2 low 4 score
3 cbis 4 score
4 score 5 denotes
5 denotes 7 dissatisfaction
5 denotes 8 with
6 greater 7 dissatisfaction
8 with 9 cbi

a similar relationship was observed for cbi ratings 4 - weeks post - baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 a 2 similar
1 a 3 relationship
2 similar 3 relationship
3 relationship 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 for
6 for 8 ratings
7 cbi 8 ratings
8 ratings 9 4
8 ratings 12 post
10 - 12 post
11 weeks 12 post
12 post 13 -
13 - 14 baseline
13 - 15 .

conclusions : cbi dissatisfaction was positively related to insomnia severity , especially among women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 dissatisfaction
2 : 7 related
3 cbi 4 dissatisfaction
4 dissatisfaction 5 was
5 was 6 positively
5 was 7 related
7 related 8 to
8 to 10 severity
9 insomnia 10 severity
10 severity 13 among
11 , 12 especially
11 , 13 among
13 among 14 women
13 among 15 .

underlying insomnia may confound an individual 's self - assessment of their cbi , a finding that has important treatment implications in dermatology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 underlying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confound
1 underlying 2 insomnia
1 underlying 3 may
3 may 4 confound
4 confound 8 self
5 an 6 individual
6 individual 7 's
7 's 8 self
8 self 10 assessment
8 self 16 finding
9 - 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 of
10 assessment 14 ,
11 of 13 cbi
12 their 13 cbi
14 , 16 finding
15 a 16 finding
16 finding 17 that
16 finding 18 has
16 finding 24 .
17 that 18 has
18 has 21 implications
18 has 22 in
19 important 20 treatment
20 treatment 21 implications
22 in 23 dermatology

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) affects approximately 5.3 million americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 affects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 affects
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 affects 11 americans
8 approximately 10 million
9 5.3 10 million
10 million 11 americans

use by primary care physicians of these new clinical criteria coupled with the understanding of the role of biomarkers will help you to make accurate diagnoses earlier in the disease process when intervention can be most beneficial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 use 2 by
1 use 5 physicians
1 use 11 coupled
1 use 20 will
2 by 4 care
3 primary 4 care
5 physicians 6 of
5 physicians 11 coupled
6 of 10 criteria
7 these 10 criteria
8 new 10 criteria
9 clinical 10 criteria
11 coupled 12 with
12 with 14 understanding
13 the 14 understanding
14 understanding 15 of
14 understanding 18 of
15 of 17 role
16 the 17 role
18 of 19 biomarkers
20 will 21 help
21 help 22 you
21 help 23 to
21 help 24 make
23 to 24 make
24 make 26 diagnoses
24 make 27 earlier
24 make 28 in
24 make 37 beneficial
25 accurate 26 diagnoses
28 in 31 process
29 the 31 process
30 disease 31 process
31 process 32 when
32 when 33 intervention
32 when 35 be
33 intervention 34 can
34 can 35 be
36 most 37 beneficial

none none arterial health may influence muscle function in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 none 4 health
1 none 6 influence
1 none 8 function
2 none 3 arterial
3 arterial 4 health
4 health 5 may
5 may 6 influence
6 influence 7 muscle
8 function 9 in
9 in 11 adults
10 older 11 adults

study purpose was to determine whether arterial elasticity is related to strength , central and peripheral fatigue , fatigue at rest , and treadmill endurance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determine
2 purpose 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 determine
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 6 whether
5 determine 11 to
5 determine 26 .
6 whether 8 elasticity
6 whether 10 related
7 arterial 8 elasticity
8 elasticity 9 is
9 is 10 related
11 to 23 and
12 strength 13 ,
13 , 14 central
13 , 15 and
15 and 17 fatigue
15 and 19 fatigue
15 and 23 and
16 peripheral 17 fatigue
18 , 19 fatigue
19 fatigue 20 at
19 fatigue 22 ,
20 at 21 rest
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 endurance
24 treadmill 25 endurance

subjects were 91 healthy women aged >60 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 5 women
3 91 5 women
4 healthy 5 women
5 women 6 aged
6 aged 7 >60

treadmill endurance and maximal oxygen uptake ( vo2 [max] ) were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 treadmill 2 endurance
2 endurance 3 and
3 and 6 uptake
3 and 8 vo2
3 and 11 were
4 maximal 6 uptake
5 oxygen 6 uptake
7 ( 8 vo2
8 vo2 10 )
11 were 12 measured

peripheral and central fatigue for the knee extensors were evaluated using two isometric fatigue tests ( one voluntary and one adding electrical stimulation ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 peripheral 2 and
2 and 4 fatigue
2 and 5 for
2 and 8 extensors
2 and 9 were
2 and 10 evaluated
3 central 4 fatigue
5 for 7 knee
6 the 7 knee
8 extensors 9 were
10 evaluated 11 using
11 using 15 tests
12 two 15 tests
13 isometric 14 fatigue
14 fatigue 15 tests
15 tests 19 and
16 ( 19 and
17 one 18 voluntary
18 voluntary 19 and
19 and 20 one
19 and 21 adding
19 and 24 )
21 adding 23 stimulation
22 electrical 23 stimulation

arterial elasticity was determined using radial artery pulse wave analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 arterial 2 elasticity
2 elasticity 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 using
5 using 10 analysis
6 radial 7 artery
7 artery 10 analysis
8 pulse 10 analysis
9 wave 10 analysis

linear multiple regression was used in statistical analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 linear 3 regression
2 multiple 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 in
6 in 8 analysis
7 statistical 8 analysis

large artery elasticity was associated with central fatigue ( p < 0.01 ) [and] treadmill endurance ( p < 0.02 ) after adjusting for vo2 max and knee extension strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 elasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 large 2 artery
2 artery 3 elasticity
3 elasticity 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 19 <
5 associated 22 after
6 with 8 fatigue
6 with 16 endurance
7 central 8 fatigue
8 fatigue 11 <
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.01
11 < 13 )
15 treadmill 16 endurance
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.02
19 < 21 )
22 after 23 adjusting
23 adjusting 24 for
23 adjusting 30 strength
24 for 25 vo2
26 max 27 and
27 and 28 knee
27 and 30 strength
29 extension 30 strength

subjective fatigue at rest was related to large artery elasticity after adjusting for ethnic origin ( < 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fatigue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 subjective 2 fatigue
2 fatigue 3 at
2 fatigue 5 was
3 at 4 rest
5 was 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 11 after
7 to 10 elasticity
8 large 9 artery
9 artery 10 elasticity
11 after 12 adjusting
12 adjusting 13 for
13 for 15 origin
14 ethnic 15 origin
15 origin 18 0.02
16 ( 18 0.02
17 < 18 0.02
18 0.02 19 )

strength was significantly related to small artery elasticity after adjusting for ethnic origin , leg lean tissue , age , and blood pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 strength 2 was
2 was 4 related
3 significantly 4 related
4 related 5 to
4 related 9 after
5 to 8 elasticity
6 small 7 artery
7 artery 8 elasticity
9 after 10 adjusting
10 adjusting 11 for
11 for 21 and
12 ethnic 13 origin
13 origin 14 ,
14 , 17 tissue
14 , 18 ,
15 leg 17 tissue
16 lean 17 tissue
18 , 19 age
18 , 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 pressure
22 blood 23 pressure

arterial elasticity is independently related to strength and fatigue in older women , especially in the central nervous system where arterial elasticity is independently related to perceptions of fatigue at rest and central fatigue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 arterial 2 elasticity
2 elasticity 3 is
3 is 4 independently
3 is 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 14 especially
5 related 20 where
5 related 26 to
5 related 30 at
6 to 8 and
7 strength 8 and
8 and 9 fatigue
8 and 13 ,
9 fatigue 10 in
10 in 12 women
11 older 12 women
14 especially 15 in
15 in 19 system
16 the 19 system
17 central 19 system
18 nervous 19 system
20 where 22 elasticity
20 where 25 related
21 arterial 22 elasticity
22 elasticity 23 is
23 is 24 independently
23 is 25 related
26 to 27 perceptions
27 perceptions 28 of
28 of 29 fatigue
30 at 32 and
31 rest 32 and
32 and 34 fatigue
33 central 34 fatigue

these results suggest that arterial health may be involved with the ability of the central nervous system to activate muscle in older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 health
4 that 9 involved
5 arterial 6 health
6 health 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 involved
9 involved 10 with
10 with 12 ability
11 the 12 ability
12 ability 13 of
12 ability 18 to
12 ability 19 activate
13 of 17 system
14 the 17 system
15 central 17 system
16 nervous 17 system
18 to 19 activate
19 activate 20 muscle
19 activate 21 in
21 in 23 women
22 older 23 women

kidney damage is a common sequela of several chronic pathologic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 kidney 2 damage
2 damage 3 is
3 is 6 sequela
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 sequela
5 common 6 sequela
6 sequela 7 of
7 of 11 conditions
8 several 11 conditions
9 chronic 11 conditions
10 pathologic 11 conditions

whether biomarkers of kidney damage are prognostic for more severe outcomes is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whether
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 whether 2 biomarkers
1 whether 6 are
1 whether 12 is
2 biomarkers 3 of
2 biomarkers 6 are
3 of 5 damage
4 kidney 5 damage
6 are 7 prognostic
7 prognostic 8 for
8 for 11 outcomes
9 more 10 severe
10 severe 11 outcomes
12 is 13 unknown

we measured three urinary biomarkers ( kidney injury molecule - 1 [ kim - 1 ] , il - 18 , and albumin [ )(in 3010 individuals enrolled in the health , aging and body composition ( health abc ) study and used cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations of urinary kim - 1/creatinine ( cr ) , il - 18/cr , and albumin/cr [(] acr ) with all - cause mortality and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 5 biomarkers
3 three 5 biomarkers
4 urinary 5 biomarkers
5 biomarkers 9 molecule
6 ( 9 molecule
7 kidney 9 molecule
8 injury 9 molecule
9 molecule 10 -
10 - 11 1
10 - 17 ,
11 1 13 kim
11 1 15 1
12 [ 13 kim
13 kim 14 -
14 - 15 1
15 1 16 ]
17 , 22 and
18 il 20 18
19 - 20 18
20 18 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 34 and
23 albumin 25 )(in
23 albumin 32 ,
25 )(in 26 3010
26 3010 27 individuals
26 3010 28 enrolled
27 individuals 28 enrolled
28 enrolled 29 in
29 in 31 health
30 the 31 health
32 , 33 aging
32 , 34 and
34 and 36 composition
34 and 39 abc
34 and 42 and
35 body 36 composition
37 ( 39 abc
38 health 39 abc
39 abc 40 )
41 study 42 and
42 and 43 used
43 used 47 models
43 used 48 to
43 used 49 investigate
44 cox 47 models
45 proportional 47 models
46 hazards 47 models
48 to 49 investigate
49 investigate 51 associations
50 the 51 associations
51 associations 52 of
52 of 61 il
53 urinary 60 ,
53 urinary 61 il
54 kim 56 1/creatinine
55 - 56 1/creatinine
56 1/creatinine 58 cr
56 1/creatinine 60 ,
57 ( 58 cr
58 cr 59 )
61 il 72 -
62 - 72 -
63 18/cr 65 and
64 , 65 and
65 and 68 acr
65 and 69 )
65 and 70 with
65 and 72 -
66 albumin/cr 68 acr
70 with 71 all
72 - 75 and
72 - 81 .
73 cause 74 mortality
74 mortality 75 and
75 and 77 disease
75 and 79 cvd
76 cardiovascular 77 disease
78 ( 79 cvd
79 cvd 80 )

multivariable models adjusted for demographics , traditional cvd risk factors , and egfr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 multivariable 2 models
2 models 3 adjusted
3 adjusted 4 for
4 for 12 and
5 demographics 6 ,
6 , 10 factors
6 , 12 and
7 traditional 10 factors
8 cvd 10 factors
9 risk 10 factors
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 egfr

mean age of participants was 74 years , 49 % of participants were men , and 41 % of participants were black . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 mean 2 age
1 mean 5 was
2 age 3 of
2 age 5 was
3 of 4 participants
5 was 7 years
6 74 7 years
8 , 10 %
8 , 13 were
8 , 16 and
9 49 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 13 were
11 of 12 participants
13 were 14 men
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 %
16 and 21 were
17 41 18 %
18 % 19 of
18 % 21 were
19 of 20 participants
21 were 22 black

during the median 12.4 years of [follow] - up , 1450 deaths and 797 cvd outcomes occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 during 3 median
1 during 13 and
2 the 3 median
3 median 4 12.4
5 years 6 of
5 years 10 ,
6 of 9 up
8 - 9 up
10 , 12 deaths
10 , 13 and
11 1450 12 deaths
13 and 16 outcomes
13 and 17 occurred
14 797 16 outcomes
15 cvd 16 outcomes

in similar analyses , only acr quartiles associated with cvd [:] ( [1.19] [;] 0.95 to 1.48 ) , [(] 1.35 ; 1.08 [to] 1.67 [ )(, [and] [(] 1.54 ; 1.24 [to] 1.91 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 )(
1 in 3 analyses
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 only
2 similar 3 analyses
5 only 7 quartiles
6 acr 7 quartiles
7 quartiles 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 cvd
10 cvd 16 to
12 ( 16 to
15 0.95 16 to
16 to 17 1.48
16 to 18 )
19 , 21 1.35
19 , 22 ;
22 ; 23 1.08
22 ; 27 )(,
23 1.08 25 1.67
27 )(, 30 1.54
27 )(, 31 ;
31 ; 32 1.24
32 1.24 34 1.91

urinary kim - 1 had a modest association with all - cause mortality but did not associate with cvd , and urinary il - 18 did not associate with either outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 kim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 associate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 urinary 2 kim
3 - 4 1
3 - 5 had
3 - 11 -
4 1 5 had
5 had 8 association
6 a 7 modest
6 a 8 association
7 modest 8 association
8 association 9 with
9 with 10 all
11 - 14 but
12 cause 13 mortality
12 cause 14 but
14 but 15 did
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 associate
17 associate 18 with
18 with 21 and
19 cvd 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 il
21 and 25 18
21 and 28 associate
22 urinary 23 il
24 - 25 18
25 18 26 did
26 did 27 not
26 did 28 associate
28 associate 29 with
29 with 31 outcome
30 either 31 outcome

in contrast , albuminuria strongly associated with all - cause mortality and cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 albuminuria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 albuminuria
4 albuminuria 6 associated
5 strongly 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 all
9 - 12 and
9 - 14 .
10 cause 11 mortality
11 mortality 12 and
12 and 13 cvd

future studies should evaluate reasons for these differences in the prognostic importance of individual kidney injury markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 reasons
4 evaluate 9 in
5 reasons 6 for
6 for 8 differences
7 these 8 differences
9 in 12 importance
10 the 12 importance
11 prognostic 12 importance
12 importance 13 of
13 of 17 markers
14 individual 15 kidney
15 kidney 17 markers
16 injury 17 markers

[the] prevalence of ckd and [of] renal failure vary worldwide , yet parallel increases in leading risk factors explain only part of the differential prevalence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 and
3 of 4 ckd
5 and 8 failure
5 and 11 ,
7 renal 8 failure
9 vary 10 worldwide
9 vary 11 ,
11 , 13 parallel
12 yet 13 parallel
13 parallel 14 increases
13 parallel 15 in
15 in 17 risk
16 leading 17 risk
17 risk 18 factors
17 risk 19 explain
18 factors 19 explain
19 explain 20 only
19 explain 21 part
21 part 22 of
22 of 25 prevalence
23 the 25 prevalence
24 differential 25 prevalence

we measured ckd prevalence and egfr , and their relationship with traditional and additional risk factors , in a sardinian founder population cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 8 and
3 ckd 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 and
5 and 6 egfr
5 and 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 relationship
8 and 17 ,
8 and 18 in
9 their 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 with
11 with 16 factors
12 traditional 13 and
13 and 14 additional
13 and 16 factors
15 risk 16 factors
18 in 23 cohort
19 a 20 sardinian
19 a 23 cohort
20 sardinian 22 population
21 founder 22 population
22 population 23 cohort

the egfr was calculated using equations from the ckd epidemiology collaboration and modification of diet in renal disease studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 egfr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 egfr
2 egfr 3 was
3 was 4 calculated
4 calculated 5 using
4 calculated 16 in
5 using 6 equations
5 using 7 from
7 from 13 modification
8 the 13 modification
9 ckd 10 epidemiology
10 epidemiology 11 collaboration
11 collaboration 12 and
12 and 13 modification
13 modification 14 of
14 of 15 diet
16 in 19 studies
17 renal 18 disease
18 disease 19 studies

a genetic score was generated from 13 reported egfr - and ckd - related loci , and univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to assess the relationship between clinical , ultrasonographic , and genetic variables with three outcomes : ckd , change in egfr , and fast egfr decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 a 3 score
2 genetic 3 score
3 score 4 was
4 was 5 generated
5 generated 6 from
5 generated 9 egfr
6 from 7 13
7 13 8 reported
10 - 11 and
10 - 25 assess
10 - 39 :
10 - 42 change
11 and 21 analyses
11 and 23 applied
12 ckd 13 -
12 ckd 21 analyses
14 related 21 analyses
15 loci 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 univariable
17 and 19 and
19 and 20 multivariable
19 and 21 analyses
21 analyses 22 were
22 were 23 applied
23 applied 24 to
24 to 25 assess
25 assess 27 relationship
25 assess 28 between
25 assess 36 with
26 the 27 relationship
28 between 35 variables
29 clinical 30 ,
30 , 31 ultrasonographic
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 genetic
33 and 35 variables
36 with 38 outcomes
37 three 38 outcomes
39 : 40 ckd
40 ckd 41 ,
40 ckd 42 change
42 change 43 in
43 in 46 and
44 egfr 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 49 decline
47 fast 49 decline
48 egfr 49 decline

genetic risk score , older age , and female sex independently correlated with each outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 genetic 3 score
2 risk 3 score
4 , 8 and
5 older 6 age
6 age 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 sex
8 and 12 correlated
9 female 10 sex
11 independently 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 with
13 with 15 outcome
14 each 15 outcome

diabetes was associated with ckd prevalence , [whereas] hypertension and hyperuricemia correlated more strongly with fast egfr decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 diabetes 2 was
2 was 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 ckd
5 ckd 10 and
5 ckd 18 decline
6 prevalence 7 ,
7 , 9 hypertension
7 , 10 and
10 and 11 hyperuricemia
10 and 12 correlated
10 and 18 decline
12 correlated 14 strongly
12 correlated 15 with
13 more 14 strongly
15 with 17 egfr
16 fast 17 egfr

diabetes , hypertension , hyperuricemia , and high baseline egfr were associated with a decline of egfr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 diabetes 2 ,
2 , 3 hypertension
2 , 4 ,
4 , 5 hyperuricemia
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 10 egfr
7 and 11 were
8 high 9 baseline
9 baseline 10 egfr
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 decline
14 a 15 decline
15 decline 16 of
16 of 17 egfr

along with differential health practices , population [variations] in this spectrum of risk factors probably contributes to the variable ckd prevalence worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 along 2 with
2 with 5 practices
2 with 6 ,
2 with 7 population
3 differential 4 health
4 health 5 practices
7 population 9 in
7 population 16 contributes
9 in 11 spectrum
10 this 11 spectrum
11 spectrum 12 of
12 of 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 probably 16 contributes
16 contributes 17 to
16 contributes 22 worldwide
17 to 21 prevalence
18 the 21 prevalence
19 variable 21 prevalence
20 ckd 21 prevalence

background : eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha - 2 ( eef1a2 ) has been recently shown to be a putative oncogene of lung cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 5 factor
3 eukaryotic 5 factor
4 elongation 5 factor
5 factor 6 1
5 factor 7 alpha
5 factor 16 shown
7 alpha 9 2
7 alpha 13 has
8 - 9 2
9 2 11 eef1a2
9 2 12 )
10 ( 11 eef1a2
11 eef1a2 12 )
13 has 14 been
14 been 16 shown
15 recently 16 shown
16 shown 17 to
17 to 18 be
18 be 21 oncogene
19 a 20 putative
19 a 21 oncogene
20 putative 21 oncogene
21 oncogene 22 of
22 of 24 cancer
23 lung 24 cancer

materials and methods : we analyzed the expression and prognostic significance of eef1a2 in 69 primary [non] - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 analyzed
5 we 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 9 and
6 analyzed 14 in
7 the 8 expression
8 expression 9 and
9 and 11 significance
9 and 12 of
10 prognostic 11 significance
12 of 13 eef1a2
14 in 26 cases
15 69 26 cases
16 primary 22 cancer
16 primary 26 cases
18 - 22 cancer
19 small 20 cell
20 cell 21 lung
21 lung 22 cancer
22 cancer 24 nsclc
22 cancer 25 )
23 ( 24 nsclc
24 nsclc 25 )

we also suppressed eef1a2 expression using rna interference and then analyzed cell proliferation , migration and invasion of five adenocarcinoma cell lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suppressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 3 suppressed
2 also 3 suppressed
3 suppressed 5 expression
3 suppressed 6 using
4 eef1a2 5 expression
6 using 9 and
7 rna 8 interference
8 interference 9 and
9 and 10 then
9 and 13 proliferation
9 and 14 ,
11 analyzed 12 cell
12 cell 13 proliferation
14 , 16 and
15 migration 16 and
16 and 17 invasion
16 and 18 of
18 of 22 lines
19 five 22 lines
20 adenocarcinoma 22 lines
21 cell 22 lines

results : eef1a2 protein expression was positive in 84.1 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 expression
2 : 6 was
2 : 11 .
3 eef1a2 5 expression
4 protein 5 expression
5 expression 6 was
6 was 7 positive
7 positive 8 in
8 in 10 %
9 84.1 10 %

negative immunostaining for eef1a2 was shown to be an independent prognostic factor and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 immunostaining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 negative 2 immunostaining
2 immunostaining 3 for
2 immunostaining 5 was
3 for 4 eef1a2
5 was 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
6 shown 16 with
7 to 13 and
8 be 12 factor
8 be 13 and
9 an 10 independent
9 an 12 factor
10 independent 12 factor
11 prognostic 12 factor
13 and 15 correlated
14 significantly 15 correlated
16 with 19 metastasis
17 lymph 18 node
18 node 19 metastasis

there was no significant correlation between eef1a2 protein and mrna expression levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 correlation
2 was 6 between
3 no 5 correlation
4 significant 5 correlation
6 between 9 and
7 eef1a2 8 protein
8 protein 9 and
9 and 12 levels
10 mrna 11 expression
11 expression 12 levels

among the five examined cell lines , transfection of eef1a2 sirna inhibited cell migration in only one cell line while it did [not] change [cell] [proliferation] and invasion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 transfection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 among 6 lines
1 among 7 ,
1 among 8 transfection
2 the 3 five
3 five 6 lines
4 examined 5 cell
5 cell 6 lines
8 transfection 9 of
8 transfection 12 inhibited
9 of 11 sirna
10 eef1a2 11 sirna
12 inhibited 14 migration
12 inhibited 20 while
13 cell 14 migration
14 migration 15 in
15 in 19 line
16 only 17 one
17 one 19 line
18 cell 19 line
20 while 21 it
20 while 22 did
21 it 22 did
22 did 27 and
24 change 27 and
27 and 28 invasion

conclusion : negative immunostaining of eef1a2 predicted for poor prognosis [of] nsclc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 immunostaining
3 negative 4 immunostaining
4 immunostaining 5 of
5 of 6 eef1a2
6 eef1a2 7 predicted
7 predicted 8 for
8 for 12 nsclc
9 poor 10 prognosis
10 prognosis 12 nsclc

the mechanism of this result could not be elucidated by cell proliferation [,] migration and invasion assays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 of
2 mechanism 6 could
3 of 5 result
4 this 5 result
6 could 7 not
6 could 8 be
8 be 9 elucidated
9 elucidated 10 by
10 by 15 and
11 cell 14 migration
12 proliferation 14 migration
14 migration 15 and
15 and 17 assays
16 invasion 17 assays

background : smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 smoking
2 : 4 is
2 : 12 .
3 smoking 4 is
4 is 10 and
5 a 6 major
5 a 7 cause
6 major 7 cause
7 cause 8 of
7 cause 10 and
8 of 9 morbidity
10 and 11 mortality

smoking - related epigenetic biomarkers may open new avenues to better quantify the adverse health effects of smoking , and to better understanding of the underlying mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 smoking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 open
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 smoking 6 may
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 biomarkers
3 related 6 may
4 epigenetic 5 biomarkers
6 may 7 open
7 open 9 avenues
7 open 10 to
8 new 9 avenues
10 to 20 and
11 better 12 quantify
12 quantify 16 effects
12 quantify 20 and
13 the 16 effects
14 adverse 15 health
15 health 16 effects
16 effects 17 of
17 of 18 smoking
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 to
20 and 22 better
21 to 22 better
22 better 23 understanding
23 understanding 24 of
24 of 27 mechanisms
25 the 27 mechanisms
26 underlying 27 mechanisms

we aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of f2rl3 methylation , a novel epigenetic biomarker of smoking exposure disclosed by recent [genome] - wide methylation studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 disclosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 implications
5 the 7 implications
6 clinical 7 implications
7 implications 8 of
8 of 10 methylation
9 f2rl3 10 methylation
11 , 19 disclosed
12 a 13 novel
12 a 15 biomarker
13 novel 15 biomarker
14 epigenetic 15 biomarker
15 biomarker 16 of
15 biomarker 19 disclosed
16 of 18 exposure
17 smoking 18 exposure
19 disclosed 20 by
20 by 26 studies
21 recent 23 -
21 recent 25 methylation
24 wide 25 methylation
25 methylation 26 studies

methods : blood dna methylation at f2rl3 ( also known as par - 4 ) was quantified in baseline samples of 3588 participants aged 50 - 75 years in a large population - based prospective cohort study by maldi - tof mass spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 blood
3 blood 4 dna
3 blood 38 by
4 dna 5 methylation
4 dna 16 was
4 dna 17 quantified
5 methylation 6 at
5 methylation 14 4
5 methylation 16 was
6 at 7 f2rl3
7 f2rl3 10 known
8 ( 10 known
9 also 10 known
10 known 11 as
10 known 13 -
11 as 12 par
13 - 14 4
14 4 15 )
17 quantified 18 in
18 in 20 samples
19 baseline 20 samples
20 samples 21 of
21 of 23 participants
22 3588 23 participants
23 participants 24 aged
23 participants 25 50
23 participants 34 based
25 50 28 years
25 50 34 based
26 - 28 years
27 75 28 years
28 years 29 in
28 years 33 -
29 in 32 population
30 a 32 population
31 large 32 population
34 based 37 study
35 prospective 36 cohort
36 cohort 37 study
38 by 43 spectrometry
39 maldi 41 tof
40 - 41 tof
41 tof 42 mass
42 mass 43 spectrometry

deaths [were] recorded during a median follow - up [of] 10.1 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deaths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 deaths 3 recorded
1 deaths 7 follow
3 recorded 4 during
4 during 6 median
5 a 6 median
8 - 9 up
8 - 13 .
9 up 12 years
11 10.1 12 years

the associations of methylation [intensity] and [of] smoking with all - cause , cardiovascular , cancer and other mortality were assessed by cox 's proportional hazards regression , controlling for potential confounding factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 assessed
1 the 12 cause
2 associations 3 of
2 associations 6 and
3 of 4 methylation
6 and 8 smoking
6 and 11 -
6 and 12 cause
8 smoking 9 with
9 with 10 all
12 cause 13 ,
13 , 16 cancer
13 , 17 and
14 cardiovascular 15 ,
14 cardiovascular 16 cancer
17 and 19 mortality
17 and 20 were
18 other 19 mortality
20 were 21 assessed
21 assessed 22 by
22 by 27 regression
23 cox 24 's
24 's 27 regression
25 proportional 26 hazards
26 hazards 27 regression
27 regression 29 controlling
28 , 29 controlling
29 controlling 30 for
29 controlling 33 factors
29 controlling 34 .
30 for 31 potential
32 confounding 33 factors

results : lower methylation [intensity] at f2rl3 was strongly associated with mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 methylation
2 : 10 associated
2 : 13 .
3 lower 4 methylation
4 methylation 6 at
4 methylation 8 was
6 at 7 f2rl3
8 was 10 associated
9 strongly 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 mortality

the associations with mortality outcomes were much stronger among men than among women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 with
2 associations 6 were
3 with 5 outcomes
4 mortality 5 outcomes
6 were 8 stronger
7 much 8 stronger
8 stronger 9 among
8 stronger 11 than
9 among 10 men
11 than 12 among
12 among 13 women

in addition , strong positive associations of smoking with each of the outcomes were substantially weakened , and almost disappeared when controlling for f2rl3 methylation [intensity] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 associations
4 strong 6 associations
5 positive 6 associations
6 associations 7 of
6 associations 14 were
7 of 8 smoking
8 smoking 9 with
9 with 13 outcomes
10 each 11 of
10 each 13 outcomes
11 of 13 outcomes
12 the 13 outcomes
14 were 18 and
15 substantially 16 weakened
16 weakened 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 disappeared
18 and 21 when
19 almost 20 disappeared
21 when 22 controlling
22 controlling 23 for
22 controlling 25 methylation
23 for 24 f2rl3

conclusions : f2rl3 methylation is a strong predictor of mortality , including all - cause , cardiovascular , cancer and other mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 methylation
2 : 5 is
2 : 14 -
3 f2rl3 4 methylation
4 methylation 5 is
5 is 8 predictor
6 a 7 strong
6 a 8 predictor
7 strong 8 predictor
8 predictor 9 of
8 predictor 12 including
9 of 10 mortality
11 , 12 including
12 including 13 all
12 including 14 -
14 - 15 cause
14 - 16 ,
14 - 23 .
16 , 20 and
17 cardiovascular 18 ,
17 cardiovascular 19 cancer
19 cancer 20 and
20 and 22 mortality
21 other 22 mortality

systemic adverse effects of smoking may be mediated by pathways associated with f2rl3 methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 systemic 3 effects
2 adverse 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 6 may
4 of 5 smoking
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 mediated
8 mediated 9 by
9 by 10 pathways
10 pathways 11 associated
10 pathways 12 with
12 with 14 methylation
13 f2rl3 14 methylation

the decrease of tcr diversity with aging has never been studied by direct methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 of
2 decrease 8 has
3 of 5 diversity
4 tcr 5 diversity
5 diversity 6 with
6 with 7 aging
8 has 10 been
9 never 10 been
10 been 11 studied
11 studied 12 by
12 by 14 methods
13 direct 14 methods

in this study , we combined high - throughput illumina sequencing with unique cdna molecular identifier technology to achieve deep and precisely normalized profiling of tcr β repertoires in 39 healthy donors aged 6 - 90 y . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 this
1 in 21 and
3 study 4 ,
4 , 10 illumina
4 , 21 and
5 we 9 throughput
6 combined 9 throughput
7 high 8 -
7 high 9 throughput
9 throughput 10 illumina
10 illumina 11 sequencing
11 sequencing 12 with
11 sequencing 17 technology
11 sequencing 20 deep
12 with 14 cdna
13 unique 14 cdna
15 molecular 17 technology
16 identifier 17 technology
17 technology 18 to
17 technology 19 achieve
18 to 19 achieve
21 and 24 profiling
21 and 27 β
22 precisely 23 normalized
23 normalized 24 profiling
24 profiling 25 of
25 of 26 tcr
27 β 28 repertoires
28 repertoires 29 in
28 repertoires 33 aged
29 in 32 donors
30 39 32 donors
31 healthy 32 donors
33 aged 34 6
34 6 35 -
35 - 36 90
36 90 37 y

we demonstrate that tcr β diversity [per] 10 [(] 6 [ )(t cells decreases roughly linearly with age , with significant reduction already apparent by age 40 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrate
1 we 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 that
3 that 4 tcr
3 that 5 β
4 tcr 5 β
5 β 14 decreases
5 β 15 roughly
5 β 16 linearly
5 β 17 with
6 diversity 14 decreases
8 10 14 decreases
10 6 12 )(t
12 )(t 14 decreases
13 cells 14 decreases
17 with 18 age
18 age 20 with
19 , 20 with
20 with 22 reduction
20 with 23 already
20 with 24 apparent
20 with 28 .
21 significant 22 reduction
24 apparent 25 by
25 by 26 age
26 age 27 40

the percentage of naive [t] cells showed a strong correlation with measured tcr diversity and decreased linearly up to age 70 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 percentage
2 percentage 3 of
2 percentage 7 showed
3 of 6 cells
4 naive 6 cells
7 showed 10 correlation
7 showed 11 with
7 showed 17 linearly
7 showed 18 up
7 showed 19 to
8 a 9 strong
8 a 10 correlation
9 strong 10 correlation
11 with 15 and
12 measured 14 diversity
12 measured 15 and
13 tcr 14 diversity
15 and 16 decreased
19 to 20 age
20 age 21 70

remarkably , the oldest group ( average age 82 [y] ) was characterized by a higher percentage of naive [cd4] ( [+] [ )(t [cells] , lower abundance of expanded clones , and increased tcr diversity compared with the previous age group ( average age 62 [y] ) , suggesting the influence of age selection and association of these three related parameters with longevity . 
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 5 group
3 the 4 oldest
3 the 5 group
5 group 8 age
5 group 12 was
6 ( 8 age
7 average 8 age
8 age 9 82
8 age 11 )
12 was 13 characterized
13 characterized 14 by
14 by 17 percentage
15 a 17 percentage
16 higher 17 percentage
17 percentage 18 of
17 percentage 29 of
18 of 28 abundance
19 naive 24 )(t
19 naive 28 abundance
21 ( 24 )(t
24 )(t 26 ,
27 lower 28 abundance
29 of 33 and
30 expanded 31 clones
31 clones 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 diversity
33 and 37 compared
33 and 38 with
34 increased 36 diversity
35 tcr 36 diversity
38 with 42 group
39 the 42 group
40 previous 41 age
41 age 42 group
42 group 45 age
42 group 50 suggesting
43 ( 45 age
44 average 45 age
45 age 46 62
45 age 48 )
49 , 50 suggesting
50 suggesting 56 and
51 the 52 influence
52 influence 53 of
52 influence 56 and
53 of 55 selection
54 age 55 selection
56 and 57 association
56 and 65 .
57 association 58 of
58 of 62 parameters
59 these 60 three
60 three 62 parameters
61 related 62 parameters
62 parameters 63 with
63 with 64 longevity

interestingly , cross - analysis of individual tcr β repertoires revealed a set >10,000 of the most representative public tcr β clonotypes , whose abundance among the top 100,000 clones correlated with tcr diversity and decreased with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 cross
4 - 5 analysis
4 - 11 revealed
5 analysis 6 of
5 analysis 11 revealed
6 of 10 repertoires
7 individual 10 repertoires
8 tcr 9 β
9 β 10 repertoires
11 revealed 14 >10,000
12 a 14 >10,000
13 set 14 >10,000
14 >10,000 15 of
15 of 20 tcr
16 the 17 most
17 most 20 tcr
18 representative 19 public
19 public 20 tcr
20 tcr 21 β
20 tcr 22 clonotypes
20 tcr 24 whose
21 β 22 clonotypes
23 , 24 whose
24 whose 25 abundance
24 whose 39 .
25 abundance 26 among
25 abundance 30 clones
25 abundance 36 decreased
25 abundance 38 aging
26 among 29 100,000
27 the 28 top
27 the 29 100,000
30 clones 35 and
31 correlated 32 with
31 correlated 35 and
32 with 34 diversity
33 tcr 34 diversity
35 and 36 decreased
36 decreased 37 with
37 with 38 aging

mutations in leucine - rich repeat kinase 2 ( lrrk2 ) cause inherited parkinson disease ( pd ) , and common variants around lrrk2 are a risk factor for sporadic pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 12 cause
2 in 3 leucine
3 leucine 7 kinase
4 - 7 kinase
5 rich 6 repeat
6 repeat 7 kinase
7 kinase 8 2
7 kinase 10 lrrk2
7 kinase 11 )
9 ( 10 lrrk2
10 lrrk2 11 )
12 cause 15 disease
13 inherited 15 disease
14 parkinson 15 disease
15 disease 17 pd
16 ( 17 pd
17 pd 18 )
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 variants
20 and 25 are
21 common 22 variants
22 variants 23 around
22 variants 25 are
23 around 24 lrrk2
25 are 28 factor
26 a 28 factor
27 risk 28 factor
28 factor 29 for
29 for 31 pd
30 sporadic 31 pd

using protein - protein interaction arrays , we identified bcl2 - associated athanogene 5 , rab7l1 ( rab7 , member ras oncogene family - like 1 ) , and cyclin - g - associated kinase as binding partners of lrrk2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 using 2 protein
1 using 7 ,
1 using 8 we
2 protein 6 arrays
3 - 6 arrays
4 protein 6 arrays
5 interaction 6 arrays
6 arrays 7 ,
8 we 9 identified
9 identified 10 bcl2
10 bcl2 13 athanogene
11 - 13 athanogene
12 associated 13 athanogene
13 athanogene 14 5
13 athanogene 15 ,
15 , 16 rab7l1
15 , 34 associated
16 rab7l1 31 -
16 rab7l1 34 associated
17 ( 31 -
18 rab7 23 family
18 rab7 29 and
19 , 23 family
20 member 23 family
21 ras 23 family
22 oncogene 23 family
23 family 25 like
23 family 28 ,
24 - 25 like
25 like 26 1
25 like 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 cyclin
29 and 31 -
31 - 32 g
31 - 33 -
34 associated 38 partners
35 kinase 38 partners
36 as 37 binding
37 binding 38 partners
38 partners 39 of
39 of 40 lrrk2

the latter two genes are candidate genes for risk for sporadic pd identified by genome [-] wide association studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 genes
2 latter 4 genes
3 two 4 genes
4 genes 5 are
5 are 7 genes
6 candidate 7 genes
7 genes 8 for
8 for 9 risk
9 risk 10 for
10 for 12 pd
11 sporadic 12 pd
12 pd 13 identified
13 identified 14 by
14 by 19 studies
15 genome 19 studies
17 wide 18 association
18 association 19 studies

these proteins form a complex that promotes clearance of golgi - derived vesicles through the autophagy - lysosome [system] both in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 form
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 lysosome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 proteins
2 proteins 3 form
3 form 5 complex
4 a 5 complex
5 complex 6 that
5 complex 7 promotes
6 that 7 promotes
7 promotes 8 clearance
8 clearance 9 of
9 of 10 golgi
11 - 13 vesicles
11 - 17 -
12 derived 13 vesicles
13 vesicles 14 through
14 through 16 autophagy
15 the 16 autophagy
17 - 18 lysosome
18 lysosome 20 both
18 lysosome 23 and
21 in 22 vitro
22 vitro 23 and
23 and 25 vivo
24 in 25 vivo

we propose that three different genes for pd have a common biological function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 6 genes
3 that 9 have
4 three 6 genes
5 different 6 genes
6 genes 7 for
6 genes 9 have
7 for 8 pd
9 have 13 function
10 a 11 common
10 a 13 function
11 common 13 function
12 biological 13 function

more generally , data integration from multiple unbiased screens can provide insight into human disease mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 integration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 more 2 generally
2 generally 3 ,
2 generally 5 integration
4 data 5 integration
5 integration 6 from
5 integration 10 can
6 from 9 screens
7 multiple 9 screens
8 unbiased 9 screens
10 can 11 provide
11 provide 12 insight
11 provide 13 into
13 into 16 mechanisms
14 human 15 disease
15 disease 16 mechanisms

angiogenesis , the sprouting of new capillaries from existing blood vessels [,] accompanies clinical and experimental stroke and is focused particularly in the salvageable ischemic border zone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 angiogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 , 4 sprouting
2 , 18 and
3 the 4 sprouting
4 sprouting 5 of
4 sprouting 8 from
4 sprouting 18 and
5 of 7 capillaries
6 new 7 capillaries
8 from 11 vessels
9 existing 10 blood
10 blood 11 vessels
13 accompanies 15 and
13 accompanies 18 and
14 clinical 15 and
15 and 17 stroke
16 experimental 17 stroke
18 and 19 is
18 and 21 particularly
19 is 20 focused
21 particularly 22 in
22 in 27 zone
23 the 27 zone
24 salvageable 26 border
25 ischemic 26 border
26 border 27 zone

as this endogenous angiogenic response correlates positively with clinical [prognosis] , a more complete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and timing of these events may help in the design of novel therapies for vascular regeneration [after] [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 as 5 response
1 as 6 correlates
1 as 25 events
2 this 5 response
3 endogenous 5 response
4 angiogenic 5 response
5 response 6 correlates
6 correlates 7 positively
6 correlates 8 with
8 with 21 and
9 clinical 11 ,
11 , 15 understanding
11 , 21 and
12 a 15 understanding
13 more 15 understanding
14 complete 15 understanding
15 understanding 16 of
16 of 20 mechanisms
17 the 20 mechanisms
18 underlying 20 mechanisms
19 molecular 20 mechanisms
21 and 22 timing
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 these
25 events 26 may
26 may 27 help
27 help 28 in
28 in 30 design
29 the 30 design
30 design 31 of
31 of 33 therapies
32 novel 33 therapies
33 therapies 34 for
34 for 36 regeneration
35 vascular 36 regeneration

in this review we discuss endogenous protective mechanisms , including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis , and underlying molecular mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 discuss
5 discuss 8 mechanisms
5 discuss 10 including
6 endogenous 8 mechanisms
7 protective 8 mechanisms
9 , 10 including
10 including 15 and
10 including 19 .
11 angiogenesis 12 and
12 and 13 vasculogenesis
12 and 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 mechanisms
16 underlying 18 mechanisms
17 molecular 18 mechanisms

we also consider the feasibility of angiogenic therapy for [stroke] [and] its optimal timing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 3 consider
2 also 3 consider
3 consider 5 feasibility
4 the 5 feasibility
5 feasibility 6 of
6 of 8 therapy
7 angiogenic 8 therapy
8 therapy 9 for
9 for 14 timing
12 its 14 timing
13 optimal 14 timing

precise detection and quantification of white matter hyperintensities ( wmh ) observed in t2 - weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery ( flair ) magnetic resonance images ( mri ) is of substantial interest in aging , and age - related neurological disorders such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 matter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 precise 2 detection
2 detection 3 and
3 and 4 quantification
3 and 5 of
3 and 7 matter
5 of 6 white
8 hyperintensities 10 wmh
8 hyperintensities 12 observed
9 ( 10 wmh
10 wmh 11 )
12 observed 13 in
12 observed 15 -
13 in 14 t2
15 - 28 mri
15 - 30 is
15 - 40 related
15 - 51 .
16 weighted 28 mri
17 fluid 18 attenuated
18 attenuated 19 inversion
19 inversion 20 recovery
20 recovery 22 flair
21 ( 22 flair
22 flair 23 )
22 flair 24 magnetic
24 magnetic 25 resonance
25 resonance 26 images
26 images 28 mri
27 ( 28 mri
28 mri 29 )
28 mri 30 is
30 is 31 of
31 of 33 interest
32 substantial 33 interest
33 interest 34 in
34 in 37 and
35 aging 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 age
39 - 40 related
40 related 42 disorders
40 related 44 as
40 related 50 )
41 neurological 42 disorders
43 such 44 as
44 as 47 disease
45 alzheimer 46 's
46 's 47 disease
47 disease 49 ad
48 ( 49 ad
49 ad 50 )

this is mainly because wmh may reflect co - morbid neural injury or cerebral vascular disease burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 mainly
2 is 4 because
4 because 5 wmh
4 because 7 reflect
5 wmh 6 may
6 may 7 reflect
7 reflect 13 or
8 co 9 -
8 co 12 injury
10 morbid 12 injury
11 neural 12 injury
12 injury 13 or
13 or 17 burden
14 cerebral 16 disease
15 vascular 16 disease
16 disease 17 burden

wmh in the older population may be small , diffuse , and irregular in shape , and sufficiently heterogeneous within [and] [across] subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 wmh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 wmh 2 in
1 wmh 6 may
2 in 5 population
3 the 5 population
4 older 5 population
6 may 7 be
7 be 12 and
8 small 9 ,
9 , 10 diffuse
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 17 and
13 irregular 14 in
13 irregular 17 and
14 in 15 shape
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 heterogeneous
18 sufficiently 19 heterogeneous
19 heterogeneous 20 within
20 within 23 subjects

here , we pose hyperintensity detection as a supervised inference problem and adapt two learning models , specifically , support vector machines and random forests , for this task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 12 and
4 pose 6 detection
4 pose 12 and
5 hyperintensity 6 detection
6 detection 7 as
7 as 11 problem
8 a 11 problem
9 supervised 10 inference
10 inference 11 problem
12 and 13 adapt
13 adapt 14 two
13 adapt 27 for
14 two 15 learning
14 two 23 and
15 learning 16 models
15 learning 18 specifically
17 , 18 specifically
18 specifically 19 ,
19 , 23 and
20 support 21 vector
21 vector 22 machines
22 machines 23 and
23 and 25 forests
23 and 26 ,
24 random 25 forests
27 for 29 task
28 this 29 task

using texture features engineered by texton filter banks , we provide a suite of effective segmentation methods for this problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 using 3 features
1 using 9 ,
1 using 10 we
2 texture 3 features
3 features 4 engineered
4 engineered 5 by
5 by 8 banks
6 texton 8 banks
7 filter 8 banks
10 we 11 provide
11 provide 13 suite
12 a 13 suite
13 suite 14 of
14 of 17 methods
15 effective 16 segmentation
16 segmentation 17 methods
17 methods 18 for
18 for 20 problem
19 this 20 problem

through extensive evaluations on healthy [middle] - aged and older adults who vary in ad risk , we show that our methods are reliable and robust in segmenting hyperintense regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 through 3 evaluations
1 through 18 we
2 extensive 3 evaluations
3 evaluations 4 on
3 evaluations 12 who
3 evaluations 13 vary
4 on 11 adults
5 healthy 7 -
5 healthy 11 adults
8 aged 9 and
9 and 10 older
9 and 11 adults
12 who 13 vary
14 in 16 risk
14 in 17 ,
14 in 18 we
15 ad 16 risk
18 we 19 show
19 show 20 that
19 show 22 methods
19 show 23 are
21 our 22 methods
22 methods 23 are
23 are 25 and
24 reliable 25 and
25 and 26 robust
26 robust 27 in
27 in 28 segmenting
28 segmenting 30 regions
29 hyperintense 30 regions

a measure of hyperintensity accumulation , referred to as normalized effective wmh volume , is shown to be associated with dementia in older adults and parental family history in cognitively normal subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 measure
2 measure 3 of
2 measure 5 accumulation
3 of 5 accumulation
4 hyperintensity 5 accumulation
5 accumulation 8 to
5 accumulation 15 is
6 , 8 to
7 referred 8 to
8 to 9 as
8 to 14 ,
9 as 13 volume
10 normalized 13 volume
11 effective 13 volume
12 wmh 13 volume
15 is 16 shown
16 shown 17 to
17 to 18 be
18 be 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 22 in
20 with 21 dementia
22 in 25 and
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 and
25 and 28 history
25 and 29 in
26 parental 27 family
27 family 28 history
29 in 32 subjects
30 cognitively 31 normal
31 normal 32 subjects

we provide an open source library for hyperintensity detection and accumulation ( interfaced with existing neuroimaging tools ) , that can be adapted for segmentation problems in other neuroimaging studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 provide
2 provide 6 library
2 provide 24 for
2 provide 27 in
3 an 4 open
3 an 6 library
4 open 5 source
5 source 6 library
6 library 7 for
6 library 20 that
6 library 21 can
7 for 10 and
8 hyperintensity 9 detection
9 detection 10 and
10 and 11 accumulation
10 and 13 interfaced
12 ( 13 interfaced
13 interfaced 14 with
13 interfaced 18 )
14 with 17 tools
15 existing 17 tools
16 neuroimaging 17 tools
19 , 20 that
20 that 21 can
21 can 22 be
22 be 23 adapted
24 for 26 problems
25 segmentation 26 problems
27 in 30 studies
28 other 30 studies
29 neuroimaging 30 studies

migration of hiv infected cells into the cns is associated with a spectrum of neurological disorders , ranging from milder forms of hiv - associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) to hiv - associated dementia ( had ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 migration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 migration 2 of
1 migration 9 is
2 of 5 cells
3 hiv 4 infected
4 infected 5 cells
5 cells 6 into
6 into 8 cns
7 the 8 cns
9 is 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 spectrum
12 a 13 spectrum
13 spectrum 14 of
14 of 16 disorders
15 neurological 16 disorders
16 disorders 18 ranging
17 , 18 ranging
18 ranging 19 from
18 ranging 31 to
18 ranging 38 )
19 from 21 forms
20 milder 21 forms
21 forms 22 of
22 of 23 hiv
23 hiv 27 disorders
24 - 27 disorders
25 associated 27 disorders
26 neurocognitive 27 disorders
27 disorders 29 hand
27 disorders 30 )
28 ( 29 hand
29 hand 30 )
31 to 32 hiv
32 hiv 35 dementia
33 - 35 dementia
34 associated 35 dementia
35 dementia 37 had
35 dementia 38 )
36 ( 37 had
37 had 38 )

these neuro - psychiatric syndromes are related to the neurodegenerative pathology triggered by the release of hiv proteins and cytokine/chemokines from monocytes/macrophages into the cns - a condition known as hiv encephalitis ( hive ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 syndromes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 these 5 syndromes
2 neuro 3 -
2 neuro 5 syndromes
4 psychiatric 5 syndromes
5 syndromes 6 are
6 are 7 related
7 related 8 to
7 related 13 by
7 related 21 from
8 to 11 pathology
9 the 11 pathology
10 neurodegenerative 11 pathology
11 pathology 12 triggered
13 by 19 and
14 the 15 release
15 release 16 of
15 release 19 and
16 of 18 proteins
17 hiv 18 proteins
19 and 20 cytokine/chemokines
21 from 22 monocytes/macrophages
22 monocytes/macrophages 23 into
22 monocytes/macrophages 28 condition
23 into 25 cns
24 the 25 cns
26 - 28 condition
27 a 28 condition
28 condition 29 known
28 condition 35 )
29 known 30 as
30 as 32 encephalitis
31 hiv 32 encephalitis
32 encephalitis 34 hive
33 ( 34 hive
34 hive 35 )

as a result of more effective combined anti - retroviral therapy patients with hiv are living longer and thus the frequency of hand has increased considerably , resulting in an overlap between the neurodegenerative pathology associated with hiv and that related to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
1 as 3 result
1 as 12 patients
2 a 3 result
4 of 11 therapy
4 of 12 patients
5 more 6 effective
6 effective 11 therapy
7 combined 11 therapy
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 11 therapy
10 retroviral 11 therapy
12 patients 13 with
12 patients 15 are
13 with 14 hiv
15 are 16 living
16 living 17 longer
18 and 19 thus
18 and 21 frequency
18 and 25 increased
20 the 21 frequency
21 frequency 22 of
21 frequency 24 has
22 of 23 hand
24 has 25 increased
25 increased 26 considerably
25 increased 28 resulting
27 , 28 resulting
28 resulting 29 in
28 resulting 44 .
29 in 39 and
30 an 31 overlap
31 overlap 32 between
31 overlap 37 with
31 overlap 39 and
32 between 35 pathology
33 the 35 pathology
34 neurodegenerative 35 pathology
35 pathology 36 associated
37 with 38 hiv
39 and 40 that
39 and 41 related
39 and 42 to
42 to 43 aging

in fact , hiv infection is believed to hasten the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 5 infection
4 hiv 5 infection
5 infection 6 is
6 is 7 believed
7 believed 8 to
7 believed 9 hasten
8 to 9 hasten
9 hasten 12 process
10 the 12 process
11 aging 12 process

the mechanisms through which hiv and aging lead to neurodegeneration include [:] abnormal calcium flux , excitotoxicity , signaling abnormalities , oxidative stress and autophagy defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 through
2 mechanisms 11 include
3 through 4 which
3 through 6 and
3 through 8 lead
5 hiv 6 and
6 and 7 aging
6 and 8 lead
8 lead 9 to
9 to 10 neurodegeneration
11 include 15 flux
11 include 19 signaling
13 abnormal 15 flux
14 calcium 15 flux
15 flux 17 excitotoxicity
16 , 17 excitotoxicity
17 excitotoxicity 18 ,
18 , 19 signaling
19 signaling 20 abnormalities
19 signaling 21 ,
21 , 26 defects
22 oxidative 23 stress
23 stress 24 and
24 and 25 autophagy
24 and 26 defects

moreover , recent studies have shown that defects in the processing and transport of neurotrophic factors such as fibroblast growth factors ( fgfs ) , neural growth [factor] ( ngf ) and brain - derived growth [factor] ( bdnf ) might also play a role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 -
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 32 and
5 have 6 shown
5 have 32 and
6 shown 12 and
6 shown 18 as
6 shown 21 factors
7 that 12 and
8 defects 9 in
8 defects 12 and
9 in 11 processing
10 the 11 processing
12 and 13 transport
12 and 14 of
14 of 16 factors
15 neurotrophic 16 factors
17 such 18 as
18 as 20 growth
19 fibroblast 20 growth
21 factors 23 fgfs
21 factors 27 growth
22 ( 23 fgfs
23 fgfs 24 )
25 , 27 growth
26 neural 27 growth
27 growth 30 ngf
27 growth 31 )
29 ( 30 ngf
30 ngf 31 )
32 and 33 brain
34 - 36 growth
34 - 43 play
34 - 46 .
35 derived 36 growth
36 growth 39 bdnf
36 growth 41 might
38 ( 39 bdnf
39 bdnf 40 )
41 might 43 play
42 also 43 play
43 play 45 role
44 a 45 role

recent evidence implicates alterations in neurotrophins in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration associated with hand in the context of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 implicates
3 implicates 4 alterations
4 alterations 5 in
4 alterations 12 associated
4 alterations 18 of
5 in 6 neurotrophins
6 neurotrophins 7 in
6 neurotrophins 10 of
7 in 9 pathogenesis
8 the 9 pathogenesis
10 of 11 neurodegeneration
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 in
13 with 14 hand
15 in 17 context
16 the 17 context
18 of 19 aging

here , we report fgf overexpression curtails gp120 - induced neurotoxicity in a double transgenic mouse model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 6 overexpression
4 report 7 curtails
5 fgf 6 overexpression
6 overexpression 7 curtails
7 curtails 11 neurotoxicity
7 curtails 12 in
8 gp120 9 -
8 gp120 11 neurotoxicity
10 induced 11 neurotoxicity
12 in 17 model
13 a 14 double
13 a 17 model
14 double 16 mouse
15 transgenic 16 mouse
16 mouse 17 model

furthermore , our data show disparities in brain neurotrophic factor levels may be exacerbated in hiv patients over 50 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 show
5 show 6 disparities
5 show 7 in
5 show 11 levels
5 show 14 exacerbated
7 in 8 brain
9 neurotrophic 10 factor
10 factor 11 levels
11 levels 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 exacerbated
14 exacerbated 15 in
14 exacerbated 18 over
15 in 17 patients
16 hiv 17 patients
18 over 20 years
19 50 20 years
20 years 21 of
21 of 22 age

in this review , we discuss the most recent findings on neurotrophins and hand in the context of developing new therapies to combat hiv infection in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 10 findings
7 the 10 findings
8 most 9 recent
9 recent 10 findings
10 findings 11 on
11 on 13 and
12 neurotrophins 13 and
13 and 14 hand
13 and 15 in
13 and 22 to
15 in 17 context
16 the 17 context
17 context 18 of
18 of 19 developing
19 developing 21 therapies
20 new 21 therapies
22 to 25 infection
23 combat 25 infection
24 hiv 25 infection
25 infection 26 in
26 in 29 population
27 the 29 population
28 aging 29 population

objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of sitagliptin 100 mg / [day] in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 19 /
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 19 /
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 13 and
11 the 13 and
12 safety 13 and
13 and 14 tolerability
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 sitagliptin
17 100 18 mg
18 mg 19 /
19 / 21 in
19 / 24 with
21 in 23 patients
22 elderly 23 patients
24 with 25 type
24 with 27 diabetes
25 type 26 2

design : a post [hoc] pooled analysis of 25 randomized , double - blind , parallel group clinical studies with results available as of 1 december 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 7 analysis
3 a 4 post
3 a 7 analysis
4 post 6 pooled
6 pooled 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 9 25
9 25 10 randomized
10 randomized 11 ,
10 randomized 12 double
13 - 19 studies
14 blind 15 ,
14 blind 17 group
16 parallel 17 group
17 group 19 studies
18 clinical 19 studies
19 studies 20 with
20 with 21 results
21 results 22 available
22 available 23 as
23 as 24 of
24 of 26 december
25 1 26 december
26 december 27 2011

setting : multicenter , international clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 multicenter
4 , 7 trials
5 international 7 trials
6 clinical 7 trials

subjects : patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 subjects 2 :
2 : 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 7 diabetes
3 patients 8 aged
4 with 5 type
5 type 6 2
7 diabetes 8 aged
8 aged 11 or
9 65 10 years
10 years 11 or
11 or 12 older

interventions : patients [were] randomized to sitagliptin 100 mg/day ( n = 1,261 ) or a comparator ( n = 1,185 ) for 12 weeks to 2 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 interventions 2 :
2 : 15 or
2 : 23 for
3 patients 5 randomized
3 patients 15 or
5 randomized 6 to
6 to 7 sitagliptin
7 sitagliptin 12 =
8 100 9 mg/day
9 mg/day 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 1,261
12 = 14 )
15 or 17 comparator
15 or 20 =
16 a 17 comparator
18 ( 20 =
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 1,185
20 = 22 )
23 for 26 to
24 12 25 weeks
25 weeks 26 to
26 to 28 years
27 2 28 years

main outcome measures : in each study , investigators reported [serious] and [non] - serious adverse events that occurred during the study , and serious adverse events occurring within 14 days following the last dose of study drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 5 in
5 in 7 study
6 each 7 study
8 , 10 reported
9 investigators 10 reported
12 and 14 -
12 and 19 occurred
14 - 17 events
15 serious 17 events
16 adverse 17 events
18 that 19 occurred
19 occurred 20 during
19 occurred 29 within
20 during 24 and
21 the 22 study
22 study 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 events
24 and 28 occurring
25 serious 27 events
26 adverse 27 events
29 within 30 14
30 14 31 days
30 14 38 drug
31 days 32 following
31 days 36 of
31 days 38 drug
32 following 35 dose
33 the 35 dose
34 last 35 dose
36 of 37 study

this analysis used patient - level data from each study to assess the exposure [-] adjusted incidence rates of specific adverse events that occurred following initiation of study drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 used
3 used 7 data
3 used 8 from
3 used 11 to
3 used 12 assess
4 patient 5 -
4 patient 7 data
6 level 7 data
8 from 10 study
9 each 10 study
11 to 12 assess
12 assess 14 exposure
13 the 14 exposure
14 exposure 16 adjusted
14 exposure 18 rates
14 exposure 29 drug
17 incidence 18 rates
18 rates 19 of
18 rates 25 following
18 rates 29 drug
19 of 22 events
20 specific 22 events
21 adverse 22 events
22 events 23 that
22 events 24 occurred
23 that 24 occurred
25 following 26 initiation
26 initiation 27 of
27 of 28 study

results : summary measures of adverse events overall were similar between the sitagliptin and [non] [-] exposed [(] active comparator or placebo ) groups , except for higher incidences of deaths and drug - related adverse events in the [non] [-] exposed group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 measures
2 : 9 were
3 summary 4 measures
4 measures 5 of
4 measures 9 were
5 of 7 events
6 adverse 7 events
8 overall 9 were
9 were 14 and
10 similar 11 between
10 similar 14 and
11 between 13 sitagliptin
12 the 13 sitagliptin
14 and 24 groups
14 and 25 ,
14 and 26 except
17 exposed 20 comparator
19 active 20 comparator
20 comparator 21 or
21 or 22 placebo
21 or 23 )
21 or 24 groups
26 except 27 for
27 for 29 incidences
28 higher 29 incidences
29 incidences 30 of
30 of 32 and
31 deaths 32 and
32 and 33 drug
32 and 37 events
34 - 37 events
35 related 37 events
36 adverse 37 events
37 events 38 in
37 events 44 .
38 in 43 group
39 the 43 group
42 exposed 43 group

incidence rates of specific adverse events were generally similar between the two groups , with the exception of hypoglycemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
1 incidence 2 rates
2 rates 3 of
2 rates 7 were
3 of 6 events
4 specific 6 events
5 adverse 6 events
7 were 8 generally
7 were 9 similar
9 similar 10 between
10 between 13 groups
11 the 12 two
12 two 13 groups
13 groups 15 with
14 , 15 with
15 with 17 exception
15 with 20 .
16 the 17 exception
17 exception 18 of
18 of 19 hypoglycemia

a lower incidence rate of hypoglycemia was observed in the sitagliptin group compared with the [non] [-] exposed group [ 7.0 vs [.] 14.3 per 100 patient - years [;] difference [-] 7.6 [(] 95 % ci - 11.2 [to] - 4.3 ] ) , primarily due to greater use of sulfonylureas in the [non] [-] exposed group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
1 a 4 rate
2 lower 4 rate
3 incidence 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
4 rate 7 was
5 of 6 hypoglycemia
7 was 8 observed
8 observed 9 in
9 in 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 sitagliptin 12 group
12 group 13 compared
13 compared 14 with
14 with 19 group
15 the 19 group
18 exposed 19 group
19 group 28 -
20 [ 28 -
21 7.0 22 vs
21 7.0 28 -
22 vs 24 14.3
24 14.3 25 per
25 per 27 patient
26 100 27 patient
28 - 37 ci
29 years 37 ci
31 difference 37 ci
33 7.6 37 ci
35 95 37 ci
36 % 37 ci
37 ci 39 11.2
37 ci 47 due
38 - 39 11.2
39 11.2 42 4.3
39 11.2 44 )
41 - 42 4.3
42 4.3 43 ]
45 , 46 primarily
45 , 47 due
47 due 48 to
47 due 53 in
47 due 59 .
48 to 50 use
49 greater 50 use
50 use 51 of
51 of 52 sulfonylureas
53 in 58 group
54 the 58 group
57 exposed 58 group

conclusions : in this pooled safety analysis of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes , treatment with sitagliptin 100 [mg/day] was generally well tolerated for up to 2 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 11 with
3 in 7 analysis
4 this 7 analysis
5 pooled 7 analysis
6 safety 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
11 with 12 type
11 with 14 diabetes
12 type 13 2
15 , 16 treatment
15 , 21 was
16 treatment 17 with
16 treatment 21 was
17 with 18 sitagliptin
18 sitagliptin 19 100
21 was 22 generally
21 was 23 well
23 well 24 tolerated
24 tolerated 25 for
25 for 29 years
26 up 27 to
27 to 28 2
28 2 29 years

during mammalian development , migration , proliferation and survival of primordial germ cells can give rise [to] germ stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 give
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 during 3 development
1 during 4 ,
1 during 8 and
2 mammalian 3 development
5 migration 6 ,
6 , 7 proliferation
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 survival
8 and 10 of
8 and 14 can
10 of 13 cells
11 primordial 12 germ
12 germ 13 cells
14 can 15 give
15 give 20 cells
16 rise 20 cells
18 germ 20 cells
19 stem 20 cells

there [are] evidences that stem cells also exist in adult gonad , and can maintain the renewal of germ cells and decelerate aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 there 21 and
3 evidences 5 stem
3 evidences 21 and
4 that 5 stem
5 stem 6 cells
5 stem 13 and
6 cells 13 and
7 also 8 exist
8 exist 9 in
8 exist 13 and
9 in 11 gonad
10 adult 11 gonad
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 can
14 can 15 maintain
15 maintain 17 renewal
16 the 17 renewal
17 renewal 18 of
18 of 20 cells
19 germ 20 cells
21 and 22 decelerate
22 decelerate 24 process
23 aging 24 process

therefore , germ stem cells play a pivotal role in rejuvenation of adult tissues as well as regeneration of damaged organs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 cells
3 germ 5 cells
4 stem 5 cells
5 cells 6 play
6 play 9 role
6 play 10 in
7 a 8 pivotal
7 a 9 role
8 pivotal 9 role
10 in 11 rejuvenation
11 rejuvenation 12 of
11 rejuvenation 17 as
12 of 14 tissues
13 adult 14 tissues
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 18 regeneration
18 regeneration 19 of
19 of 21 organs
20 damaged 21 organs

such cells have provided a potential resource for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 such 2 cells
2 cells 3 have
3 have 4 provided
4 provided 7 resource
5 a 6 potential
5 a 7 resource
6 potential 7 resource
7 resource 8 for
8 for 12 and
9 stem 11 therapy
10 cell 11 therapy
11 therapy 12 and
12 and 14 medicine
13 regenerative 14 medicine

objective : to assess the safety and tolerability of high - dose creatine , the feasibility of enrolling premanifest and 50 % [at] [-] risk subjects in a prevention trial , and the potential of cognitive , imaging , and blood markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 7 and
5 the 7 and
6 safety 7 and
7 and 8 tolerability
7 and 9 of
9 of 20 and
10 high 11 -
10 high 13 creatine
12 dose 13 creatine
13 creatine 14 ,
14 , 16 feasibility
14 , 20 and
15 the 16 feasibility
16 feasibility 17 of
17 of 18 enrolling
18 enrolling 19 premanifest
20 and 26 subjects
20 and 27 in
21 50 22 %
22 % 26 subjects
25 risk 26 subjects
27 in 32 and
28 a 29 prevention
28 a 30 trial
29 prevention 30 trial
30 trial 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 potential
33 the 34 potential
34 potential 35 of
35 of 40 and
36 cognitive 37 ,
37 , 38 imaging
37 , 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 markers
40 and 43 .
41 blood 42 markers

methods : sixty - four eligible consenting participants were randomly allocated [(] 1:1 [ )(to 15 g twice daily [of] creatine monohydrate or placebo for [a] 6 - month double - blind phase followed by [a] 12 - month open - label extension . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 sixty
3 sixty 8 participants
3 sixty 9 were
3 sixty 11 allocated
4 - 5 four
5 four 8 participants
6 eligible 8 participants
7 consenting 8 participants
8 participants 9 were
9 were 10 randomly
11 allocated 15 )(to
13 1:1 15 )(to
15 )(to 16 15
16 15 17 g
17 g 22 monohydrate
18 twice 19 daily
19 daily 21 creatine
21 creatine 22 monohydrate
22 monohydrate 23 or
23 or 24 placebo
23 or 25 for
23 or 30 double
23 or 33 phase
25 for 27 6
28 - 30 double
29 month 30 double
30 double 31 -
32 blind 33 phase
33 phase 34 followed
34 followed 35 by
34 followed 37 12
37 12 43 extension
38 - 43 extension
39 month 43 extension
40 open 41 -
40 open 43 extension
42 label 43 extension
43 extension 44 .

subjects included premanifest ( tested ) [and] at [-] risk ( not tested ) individuals without clinical symptoms or signs of huntington disease ( hd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 subjects 2 included
2 included 3 premanifest
2 included 5 tested
2 included 8 at
4 ( 5 tested
5 tested 6 )
8 at 10 risk
10 risk 15 individuals
11 ( 12 not
11 ( 15 individuals
12 not 13 tested
13 tested 14 )
15 individuals 16 without
15 individuals 21 of
15 individuals 25 hd
15 individuals 26 )
16 without 19 or
17 clinical 18 symptoms
18 symptoms 19 or
19 or 20 signs
21 of 23 disease
22 huntington 23 disease
24 ( 25 hd
25 hd 26 )

primary outcomes were safety and tolerability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 primary 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 were
3 were 5 and
4 safety 5 and
5 and 6 tolerability

exploratory endpoints included fine motor , visuospatial , and memory performance ; structural and diffusion mri ; [and] selected blood markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 motor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 exploratory 2 endpoints
2 endpoints 3 included
2 endpoints 5 motor
3 included 4 fine
6 , 9 and
6 , 12 ;
7 visuospatial 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 performance
10 memory 11 performance
12 ; 14 and
12 ; 17 ;
13 structural 14 and
14 and 16 mri
15 diffusion 16 mri
17 ; 21 markers
19 selected 20 blood
20 blood 21 markers

results : forty - seven hd carriers and 17 [non] - hd controls were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 carriers
3 forty 4 -
4 - 5 seven
4 - 7 carriers
6 hd 7 carriers
8 and 9 17
8 and 11 -
9 17 11 -
11 - 13 controls
12 hd 13 controls
13 controls 14 were
14 were 15 enrolled

fifteen discontinued treatment ( 2 assigned [to] [placebo] ) ; all were followed for the entire study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fifteen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discontinued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 fifteen 2 discontinued
2 discontinued 3 treatment
3 treatment 5 2
4 ( 5 2
5 2 6 assigned
5 2 9 )
10 ; 11 all
10 ; 13 followed
11 all 12 were
12 were 13 followed
13 followed 14 for
14 for 18 period
15 the 18 period
16 entire 17 study
17 study 18 period

primary analysis was by intent to treat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 primary 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 by
4 by 5 intent
5 intent 6 to
5 intent 7 treat
6 to 7 treat

the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 5 events
3 common 5 events
4 adverse 5 events
5 events 6 were
6 were 7 gastrointestinal

neuroimaging demonstrated treatment - related slowing of cortical and striatal atrophy at 6 and 18 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neuroimaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
1 neuroimaging 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 3 treatment
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 slowing
5 related 12 at
5 related 17 .
6 slowing 7 of
7 of 11 atrophy
8 cortical 9 and
9 and 10 striatal
9 and 11 atrophy
12 at 16 months
13 6 14 and
14 and 15 18
14 and 16 months

conclusion : we describe a design that preserves the autonomy of subjects not wanting genetic testing while including controls for assessing the specificity of treatment effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 describe
2 : 27 .
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 6 design
5 a 6 design
6 design 7 that
6 design 8 preserves
7 that 8 preserves
8 preserves 10 autonomy
8 preserves 17 while
9 the 10 autonomy
10 autonomy 11 of
11 of 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 not
13 not 14 wanting
14 wanting 16 testing
15 genetic 16 testing
17 while 18 including
18 including 19 controls
19 controls 20 for
19 controls 24 of
20 for 21 assessing
21 assessing 23 specificity
22 the 23 specificity
24 of 26 effects
25 treatment 26 effects

our results demonstrate the feasibility of prevention trials for hd and the safety of high - dose creatine , provide possible evidence of disease modification , support future studies of creatine , and illustrate the value of prodromal biomarkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 5 feasibility
3 demonstrate 9 for
4 the 5 feasibility
5 feasibility 6 of
6 of 8 trials
7 prevention 8 trials
9 for 11 and
10 hd 11 and
11 and 13 safety
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 safety
14 of 18 creatine
15 high 16 -
15 high 17 dose
17 dose 18 creatine
19 , 26 ,
20 provide 22 evidence
20 provide 26 ,
21 possible 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 of
23 of 25 modification
24 disease 25 modification
26 , 33 and
27 support 29 studies
27 support 33 and
28 future 29 studies
29 studies 30 of
30 of 31 creatine
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 illustrate
34 illustrate 36 value
35 the 36 value
36 value 37 of
37 of 39 biomarkers
38 prodromal 39 biomarkers

classification of evidence : this study provides class i evidence that high - dose creatine is safe and tolerable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 classification 2 of
2 of 3 evidence
4 : 6 study
4 : 10 evidence
4 : 13 -
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 provides
7 provides 8 class
8 class 9 i
8 class 10 evidence
9 i 10 evidence
10 evidence 12 high
11 that 12 high
13 - 15 creatine
13 - 16 is
14 dose 15 creatine
15 creatine 16 is
16 is 18 and
17 safe 18 and
18 and 19 tolerable

none background [:] electrocardiography has been considered an important tool in the management of chagas disease ( chd ) patients , although its value in elderly infected patients is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 none 4 electrocardiography
1 none 6 been
1 none 7 considered
2 background 4 electrocardiography
4 electrocardiography 5 has
5 has 6 been
7 considered 10 tool
7 considered 20 patients
7 considered 22 although
8 an 10 tool
9 important 10 tool
10 tool 11 in
10 tool 18 chd
11 in 13 management
12 the 13 management
13 management 14 of
14 of 16 disease
15 chagas 16 disease
17 ( 18 chd
18 chd 19 )
21 , 22 although
22 although 24 value
23 its 24 value
24 value 25 in
24 value 29 is
25 in 28 patients
26 elderly 28 patients
27 infected 28 patients
29 is 30 unknown

this study was designed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of electrocardiographic abnormalities in trypanosoma cruzi infected and noninfected older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 investigate
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 8 prevalence
7 the 8 prevalence
9 and 11 value
9 and 19 and
10 prognostic 11 value
11 value 12 of
11 value 19 and
12 of 14 abnormalities
13 electrocardiographic 14 abnormalities
14 abnormalities 15 in
15 in 17 cruzi
16 trypanosoma 17 cruzi
18 infected 19 and
19 and 20 noninfected
19 and 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

methods and results : we studied 1462 participants in bambuí city , brazil , with electrocardiogram [(] ecg ) records classified by the minnesota code . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 studied
5 we 6 studied
6 studied 8 participants
7 1462 8 participants
8 participants 9 in
8 participants 20 records
8 participants 21 classified
9 in 11 city
10 bambuí 11 city
11 city 13 brazil
12 , 13 brazil
13 brazil 15 with
13 brazil 19 )
14 , 15 with
15 with 18 ecg
15 with 19 )
16 electrocardiogram 18 ecg
20 records 21 classified
21 classified 22 by
22 by 25 code
23 the 25 code
24 minnesota 25 code

follow - up time was 10 years ; the endpoint was mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 time
2 - 5 was
2 - 8 ;
2 - 13 .
3 up 4 time
4 time 5 was
5 was 7 years
6 10 7 years
8 ; 10 endpoint
8 ; 11 was
9 the 10 endpoint
10 endpoint 11 was
11 was 12 mortality

adjustment for potential confounding variables included age , gender , conventional risk factors , and [b] [-] type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 adjustment 2 for
1 adjustment 6 included
2 for 3 potential
3 potential 4 confounding
4 confounding 5 variables
6 included 15 and
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 gender
8 , 10 ,
10 , 13 factors
10 , 15 and
11 conventional 13 factors
12 risk 13 factors
14 , 15 and
15 and 20 peptide
15 and 22 bnp
18 type 20 peptide
19 natriuretic 20 peptide
21 ( 22 bnp
22 bnp 23 )

the mean age was 69 years ( 60.9 % women ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 was
4 was 6 years
5 69 6 years
6 years 10 women
7 ( 10 women
8 60.9 10 women
9 % 10 women
10 women 11 )

the prevalence of chd was 38.1 % ( n=557 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 was
3 of 4 chd
5 was 7 %
6 38.1 7 %
7 % 9 n=557
8 ( 9 n=557
9 n=557 10 )

ecg abnormalities were more frequent in chd patients ( 87.6 % versus 77.7 % , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ecg 2 abnormalities
2 abnormalities 3 were
3 were 5 frequent
4 more 5 frequent
5 frequent 6 in
6 in 8 patients
7 chd 8 patients
8 patients 11 %
8 patients 16 p<0.001
9 ( 11 %
10 87.6 11 %
11 % 12 versus
11 % 15 ,
12 versus 14 %
13 77.7 14 %
15 , 16 p<0.001
16 p<0.001 17 )

right bundle branch block ( rbbb [ )(with left anterior hemiblock ( lah ) [was] strongly related to chd ( or [:] 11.99 [ 5.60 to 25.69 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 block
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 right 3 branch
2 bundle 3 branch
3 branch 4 block
5 ( 17 related
6 rbbb 8 )(with
6 rbbb 17 related
8 )(with 11 hemiblock
9 left 11 hemiblock
10 anterior 11 hemiblock
11 hemiblock 13 lah
12 ( 13 lah
13 lah 14 )
16 strongly 17 related
17 related 18 to
18 to 19 chd
19 chd 21 or
20 ( 21 or
21 or 23 11.99
21 or 26 to
21 or 29 )
24 [ 26 to
25 5.60 26 to
26 to 27 25.69
26 to 28 ]

during the mean follow - up time of 8.7 years , 556 participants died ( 253 with chd ) , and only 89 were lost to follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
1 during 3 mean
1 during 21 and
2 the 3 mean
4 follow 6 up
4 follow 21 and
5 - 6 up
6 up 7 time
6 up 20 ,
7 time 13 participants
7 time 14 died
7 time 16 253
8 of 10 years
8 of 11 ,
8 of 13 participants
9 8.7 10 years
12 556 13 participants
13 participants 14 died
15 ( 16 253
16 253 17 with
16 253 19 )
17 with 18 chd
21 and 27 follow
22 only 23 89
23 89 24 were
24 were 25 lost
25 lost 26 to
26 to 27 follow
27 follow 29 up
28 - 29 up
29 up 30 .

ecg variables of independent prognostic value for death in chd included absence [of] sinus rhythm , frequent [ventricular] and supraventricular premature beats , atrial fibrillation , rbbb , old and possible old myocardial infarction , and left [ventricular] hypertrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 ecg 2 variables
2 variables 3 of
2 variables 16 ,
3 of 6 value
4 independent 6 value
5 prognostic 6 value
6 value 7 for
6 value 9 in
7 for 8 death
9 in 10 chd
11 included 15 rhythm
11 included 16 ,
12 absence 15 rhythm
14 sinus 15 rhythm
16 , 17 frequent
19 and 36 and
19 and 39 hypertrophy
20 supraventricular 22 beats
21 premature 22 beats
22 beats 23 ,
23 , 25 fibrillation
23 , 26 ,
24 atrial 25 fibrillation
26 , 27 rbbb
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 old
28 , 30 and
30 and 34 infarction
30 and 36 and
31 possible 34 infarction
32 old 34 infarction
33 myocardial 34 infarction
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 left
36 and 39 hypertrophy

the presence of any major ecg abnormalities doubled the risk of death in chd patients [(] hr : 2.18 [ 1.35 to 3.53 []] ) [,] [but] [it] also increased the risk in [non] [-] chd subjects [(] hr [:] 1.50 [ 1.07 to 2.10 []] ) [;] [the] risk of death increased with the number of major abnormalities in the same patient [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 doubled
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 8 doubled
3 of 7 abnormalities
4 any 7 abnormalities
5 major 7 abnormalities
6 ecg 7 abnormalities
8 doubled 10 risk
9 the 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
10 risk 18 :
11 of 12 death
12 death 13 in
13 in 17 hr
14 chd 15 patients
15 patients 17 hr
18 : 19 2.18
18 : 30 increased
19 2.18 21 1.35
19 2.18 30 increased
20 [ 21 1.35
21 1.35 22 to
21 1.35 25 )
22 to 23 3.53
29 also 30 increased
30 increased 32 risk
31 the 32 risk
32 risk 33 in
33 in 39 hr
36 chd 37 subjects
37 subjects 39 hr
39 hr 41 1.50
39 hr 50 risk
39 hr 51 of
41 1.50 44 to
41 1.50 50 risk
42 [ 44 to
43 1.07 44 to
44 to 45 2.10
44 to 47 )
51 of 52 death
52 death 53 increased
52 death 60 in
53 increased 54 with
54 with 59 abnormalities
55 the 56 number
56 number 57 of
56 number 59 abnormalities
57 of 59 abnormalities
58 major 59 abnormalities
60 in 63 patient
61 the 62 same
62 same 63 patient

conclusion : ecg abnormalities are more common among elderly chagas disease patients and strongly [predict] adverse outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 abnormalities
2 : 5 are
3 ecg 4 abnormalities
4 abnormalities 5 are
5 are 17 outcomes
6 more 17 outcomes
7 common 8 among
7 common 13 and
8 among 12 patients
9 elderly 12 patients
10 chagas 12 patients
11 disease 12 patients
13 and 16 adverse
13 and 17 outcomes
14 strongly 16 adverse

estradiol effects on memory depend on hormone levels and the interaction of different estrogen receptors within neural circuits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 estradiol 2 effects
2 effects 3 on
2 effects 5 depend
3 on 4 memory
5 depend 6 on
5 depend 16 within
6 on 9 and
7 hormone 8 levels
8 levels 9 and
9 and 11 interaction
9 and 12 of
10 the 11 interaction
12 of 15 receptors
13 different 15 receptors
14 estrogen 15 receptors
16 within 18 circuits
17 neural 18 circuits

estradiol induces gene transcription and rapid membrane signaling mediated by estrogen receptor - alpha ( erα ) , estrogen receptor - beta ( erβ ) , [and] [a] recently characterized [g] - protein coupled estrogen receptor , each with distinct distributions and ability to influence estradiol - dependent signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 estradiol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 estradiol 2 induces
2 induces 4 transcription
3 gene 4 transcription
5 and 7 membrane
5 and 9 mediated
6 rapid 7 membrane
7 membrane 8 signaling
7 membrane 9 mediated
9 mediated 10 by
9 mediated 20 receptor
10 by 12 receptor
11 estrogen 12 receptor
12 receptor 14 alpha
13 - 14 alpha
14 alpha 16 erα
14 alpha 18 ,
15 ( 16 erα
16 erα 17 )
19 estrogen 20 receptor
20 receptor 32 -
21 - 32 -
22 beta 24 erβ
22 beta 30 characterized
22 beta 32 -
23 ( 24 erβ
24 erβ 25 )
26 , 30 characterized
29 recently 30 characterized
32 - 42 and
33 protein 34 coupled
34 coupled 36 receptor
35 estrogen 36 receptor
36 receptor 37 ,
37 , 38 each
37 , 42 and
38 each 39 with
39 with 41 distributions
40 distinct 41 distributions
42 and 43 ability
42 and 44 to
42 and 45 influence
42 and 48 dependent
44 to 45 influence
45 influence 46 estradiol
47 - 48 dependent
48 dependent 49 signaling
48 dependent 50 .

investigations using receptor specific agonists suggest that all three receptors rapidly activate kinase [-] signaling and have complex [dose] - dependent influences on memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 investigations 2 using
1 investigations 6 suggest
2 using 5 agonists
3 receptor 5 agonists
4 specific 5 agonists
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 10 receptors
7 that 16 and
8 all 9 three
9 three 10 receptors
11 rapidly 12 activate
12 activate 15 signaling
12 activate 16 and
13 kinase 15 signaling
16 and 17 have
17 have 22 influences
17 have 23 on
18 complex 20 -
18 complex 22 influences
21 dependent 22 influences
23 on 24 memory

research employing receptor knockout mice demonstrate that erα maintains transcription and memory as estradiol levels decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 research 3 receptor
2 employing 3 receptor
3 receptor 5 mice
4 knockout 5 mice
5 mice 6 demonstrate
6 demonstrate 7 that
7 that 8 erα
7 that 9 maintains
8 erα 9 maintains
9 maintains 11 and
9 maintains 16 decline
10 transcription 11 and
11 and 12 memory
11 and 13 as
11 and 16 decline
13 as 15 levels
14 estradiol 15 levels

this work indicates a regulatory role of erβ in transcription and cognition , which depends on estradiol levels and the function of erα . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 work
2 work 3 indicates
3 indicates 6 role
3 indicates 9 in
4 a 5 regulatory
4 a 6 role
5 regulatory 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 8 erβ
9 in 11 and
10 transcription 11 and
11 and 12 cognition
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 depends
14 which 15 depends
15 depends 16 on
16 on 19 and
17 estradiol 18 levels
18 levels 19 and
19 and 21 function
19 and 22 of
20 the 21 function
22 of 23 erα

the regulatory role of erβ is due in part to erβ acting as a negative regulator of erα - mediated transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 role
2 regulatory 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 6 is
4 of 5 erβ
6 is 7 due
7 due 9 part
7 due 13 as
8 in 9 part
9 part 10 to
10 to 11 erβ
11 erβ 12 acting
13 as 16 regulator
14 a 15 negative
14 a 16 regulator
15 negative 16 regulator
16 regulator 17 of
17 of 18 erα
19 - 21 transcription
20 mediated 21 transcription

vector - mediated expression of estrogen receptors in the hippocampus provides an innovative research approach and suggests that memory depends on the relative expression of erα and erβ interacting with estradiol levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 vector 2 -
1 vector 4 expression
3 mediated 4 expression
4 expression 5 of
4 expression 16 and
5 of 7 receptors
6 estrogen 7 receptors
7 receptors 8 in
8 in 10 hippocampus
9 the 10 hippocampus
11 provides 15 approach
11 provides 16 and
12 an 13 innovative
12 an 15 approach
13 innovative 14 research
14 research 15 approach
16 and 17 suggests
16 and 21 on
16 and 30 with
17 suggests 18 that
18 that 19 memory
18 that 20 depends
19 memory 20 depends
21 on 24 expression
22 the 24 expression
23 relative 24 expression
24 expression 25 of
24 expression 29 interacting
25 of 28 erβ
26 erα 27 and
27 and 28 erβ
30 with 32 levels
31 estradiol 32 levels

notably , the ability of estradiol to improve cognition declines with advanced age along with decreased expression of estrogen receptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 declines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 4 ability
3 the 4 ability
4 ability 5 of
4 ability 7 to
4 ability 8 improve
4 ability 10 declines
5 of 6 estradiol
7 to 8 improve
8 improve 9 cognition
10 declines 11 with
10 declines 15 with
11 with 13 age
12 advanced 13 age
14 along 15 with
15 with 17 expression
16 decreased 17 expression
17 expression 18 of
18 of 20 receptors
19 estrogen 20 receptors

thus , it will be important for future research to determine the mechanisms that regulate estrogen receptor expression during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 it
3 it 4 will
4 will 5 be
5 be 6 important
6 important 7 for
6 important 10 to
6 important 11 determine
7 for 9 research
8 future 9 research
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 13 mechanisms
12 the 13 mechanisms
13 mechanisms 14 that
13 mechanisms 15 regulate
14 that 15 regulate
15 regulate 18 expression
15 regulate 19 during
16 estrogen 17 receptor
17 receptor 18 expression
19 during 20 aging

the ww domain - containing oxidoreductase ( wwox ) [gene] , encodes a tumor suppressor located on 16q23.1 , spanning fra16d , one of the most active common fragile sites in the human genome , that is altered in numerous types of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 domain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 encodes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 domain
2 ww 3 domain
3 domain 5 containing
3 domain 12 encodes
4 - 5 containing
5 containing 6 oxidoreductase
5 containing 11 ,
6 oxidoreductase 8 wwox
7 ( 8 wwox
8 wwox 9 )
12 encodes 15 suppressor
12 encodes 20 spanning
13 a 15 suppressor
14 tumor 15 suppressor
15 suppressor 16 located
16 located 17 on
17 on 18 16q23.1
19 , 20 spanning
20 spanning 21 fra16d
20 spanning 35 ,
21 fra16d 23 one
22 , 23 one
23 one 24 of
23 one 31 in
23 one 35 ,
24 of 30 sites
25 the 30 sites
26 most 27 active
27 active 30 sites
28 common 30 sites
29 fragile 30 sites
31 in 34 genome
32 the 34 genome
33 human 34 genome
35 , 36 that
35 , 38 altered
36 that 37 is
37 is 38 altered
38 altered 39 in
39 in 43 cancer
40 numerous 41 types
41 types 42 of
41 types 43 cancer
42 of 43 cancer

wwox 's alteration in these myriad cancers is due to disparate mechanisms including loss of heterozygosity , homozygous deletion and epigenetic changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alteration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 wwox 2 's
2 's 3 alteration
3 alteration 4 in
3 alteration 8 is
4 in 7 cancers
5 these 7 cancers
6 myriad 7 cancers
8 is 10 to
8 is 13 including
9 due 10 to
10 to 12 mechanisms
11 disparate 12 mechanisms
13 including 20 and
14 loss 15 of
14 loss 17 ,
15 of 16 heterozygosity
17 , 19 deletion
17 , 20 and
18 homozygous 19 deletion
20 and 22 changes
21 epigenetic 22 changes

in vitro , wwox has been found to be reduced or absent in numerous cancer cell lines and wwox restoration has been found to inhibit tumor cell growth and invasion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 wwox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 inhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 3 ,
2 vitro 4 wwox
4 wwox 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 found
7 found 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 or
10 reduced 11 or
11 or 12 absent
11 or 13 in
11 or 17 lines
13 in 15 cancer
14 numerous 15 cancer
16 cell 17 lines
18 and 20 restoration
18 and 23 found
19 wwox 20 restoration
20 restoration 21 has
21 has 22 been
22 been 23 found
23 found 24 to
24 to 25 inhibit
25 inhibit 29 and
26 tumor 28 growth
27 cell 28 growth
28 growth 29 and
29 and 30 invasion

wwox knockout mice developed femoral focal lesions resembling osteosarcomas within one month of their life and aging wwox heterozygous mice have an increased incidence of spontaneous lung and mammary tumors as well as b - cell lymphomas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 wwox 3 mice
2 knockout 3 mice
3 mice 4 developed
4 developed 37 lymphomas
5 femoral 7 lesions
6 focal 7 lesions
7 lesions 8 resembling
7 lesions 10 within
7 lesions 28 and
8 resembling 9 osteosarcomas
10 within 12 month
11 one 12 month
12 month 13 of
13 of 27 lung
14 their 27 lung
15 life 16 and
16 and 18 wwox
16 and 20 mice
16 and 25 of
16 and 27 lung
17 aging 18 wwox
19 heterozygous 20 mice
20 mice 21 have
21 have 24 incidence
22 an 24 incidence
23 increased 24 incidence
24 incidence 25 of
26 spontaneous 27 lung
28 and 30 tumors
28 and 35 -
28 and 36 cell
29 mammary 30 tumors
30 tumors 33 as
31 as 32 well
32 well 33 as
33 as 34 b
36 cell 37 lymphomas

we herein review wwox 's role that has been unearthed thus far in different types of malignancies , its clinical significance and future implications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 unearthed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 3 review
2 herein 3 review
3 review 4 wwox
4 wwox 5 's
5 's 6 role
6 role 7 that
6 role 9 been
6 role 10 unearthed
7 that 8 has
8 has 9 been
10 unearthed 12 far
10 unearthed 13 in
10 unearthed 24 implications
11 thus 12 far
13 in 15 types
14 different 15 types
15 types 16 of
16 of 22 and
17 malignancies 18 ,
18 , 21 significance
18 , 22 and
19 its 21 significance
20 clinical 21 significance
22 and 23 future

background : the harmful relationship of sedentary behavior to health may reflect an exchange of sedentary activity for moderate - to [-] vigorous physical activity ( mvpa ) , or sedentary behavior may be a separate risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 relationship
2 : 34 be
2 : 39 .
3 the 5 relationship
4 harmful 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 of
5 relationship 9 to
5 relationship 11 may
6 of 8 behavior
7 sedentary 8 behavior
9 to 10 health
11 may 12 reflect
12 reflect 14 exchange
12 reflect 18 for
13 an 14 exchange
14 exchange 15 of
15 of 17 activity
16 sedentary 17 activity
18 for 32 behavior
19 moderate 21 to
19 moderate 30 or
20 - 21 to
21 to 25 activity
21 to 29 ,
23 vigorous 25 activity
24 physical 25 activity
25 activity 27 mvpa
26 ( 27 mvpa
27 mvpa 28 )
29 , 30 or
30 or 31 sedentary
30 or 32 behavior
32 behavior 33 may
33 may 34 be
34 be 38 factor
35 a 36 separate
35 a 38 factor
36 separate 38 factor
37 risk 38 factor

we examined whether time spent in sedentary behavior is related to disability in activities of daily living ( adl ) , independent [of] time spent in mvpa in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 whether
2 examined 13 in
3 whether 4 time
3 whether 10 related
4 time 5 spent
4 time 9 is
5 spent 6 in
6 in 8 behavior
7 sedentary 8 behavior
9 is 10 related
10 related 11 to
11 to 12 disability
13 in 14 activities
14 activities 15 of
14 activities 19 adl
14 activities 24 time
15 of 17 living
16 daily 17 living
18 ( 19 adl
19 adl 20 )
21 , 24 time
22 independent 24 time
24 time 25 spent
24 time 31 .
25 spent 26 in
26 in 27 mvpa
27 mvpa 28 in
28 in 30 adults
29 older 30 adults

methods : the nationally representative [2003] - 2006 national health and nutrition examinations surveys ( nhanes ) included 2286 adults aged 60 years and older in whom physical activity was assessed by accelerometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 11 and
3 the 10 health
4 nationally 5 representative
5 representative 7 -
5 representative 10 health
8 2006 9 national
9 national 10 health
10 health 11 and
11 and 16 nhanes
11 and 17 )
11 and 18 included
11 and 20 adults
11 and 21 aged
11 and 26 in
12 nutrition 13 examinations
13 examinations 14 surveys
14 surveys 16 nhanes
15 ( 16 nhanes
16 nhanes 17 )
19 2286 20 adults
20 adults 21 aged
21 aged 24 and
22 60 23 years
23 years 24 and
24 and 25 older
26 in 27 whom
26 in 29 activity
26 in 31 assessed
28 physical 29 activity
29 activity 30 was
30 was 31 assessed
31 assessed 32 by
32 by 33 accelerometer

the association between adl task disability and the daily percentage of sedentary time was evaluated by multiple logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 14 was
3 between 7 and
4 adl 6 disability
5 task 6 disability
6 disability 7 and
7 and 10 percentage
7 and 11 of
8 the 10 percentage
9 daily 10 percentage
11 of 13 time
12 sedentary 13 time
14 was 15 evaluated
15 evaluated 16 by
16 by 19 regression
17 multiple 19 regression
18 logistic 19 regression

results : these adults on average spent 9 h / [d] being sedentary during waking hours and 4.5 % reported adl disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 7 spent
2 : 17 and
2 : 23 .
3 these 4 adults
4 adults 6 average
4 adults 7 spent
5 on 6 average
7 spent 10 /
8 9 9 h
9 h 10 /
10 / 12 being
12 being 13 sedentary
13 sedentary 14 during
14 during 16 hours
15 waking 16 hours
17 and 19 %
17 and 20 reported
18 4.5 19 %
19 % 20 reported
20 reported 22 disability
21 adl 22 disability

the odds of adl disability were 46 % greater ( odds ratio [,] 1.46 [;] 95 % confidence interval [,] 1.07 - 1.98 ) for each daily hour spent in sedentary behavior , adjusted for mvpa and socioeconomic and health factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 odds
2 odds 3 of
2 odds 33 ,
3 of 5 disability
4 adl 5 disability
6 were 8 %
6 were 33 ,
7 46 8 %
8 % 9 greater
9 greater 22 -
9 greater 25 for
10 ( 22 -
11 odds 12 ratio
12 ratio 18 confidence
14 1.46 18 confidence
16 95 17 %
17 % 18 confidence
18 confidence 19 interval
19 interval 21 1.07
19 interval 22 -
22 - 23 1.98
22 - 24 )
25 for 28 hour
26 each 28 hour
27 daily 28 hour
28 hour 29 spent
29 spent 30 in
30 in 32 behavior
31 sedentary 32 behavior
33 , 34 adjusted
33 , 35 for
33 , 41 factors
35 for 39 and
36 mvpa 37 and
37 and 38 socioeconomic
37 and 39 and
39 and 40 health

conclusion : these us national data show a strong relationship between greater time spent in sedentary behavior and the presence of adl disability , independent [of] time spent in moderate or vigorous activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 data
2 : 7 show
2 : 24 ,
2 : 34 .
3 these 6 data
4 us 6 data
5 national 6 data
6 data 7 show
7 show 10 relationship
7 show 18 and
8 a 10 relationship
9 strong 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 between
10 relationship 14 spent
11 between 13 time
12 greater 13 time
14 spent 15 in
15 in 17 behavior
16 sedentary 17 behavior
18 and 20 presence
18 and 23 disability
19 the 20 presence
20 presence 21 of
21 of 22 adl
24 , 27 time
24 , 28 spent
25 independent 27 time
27 time 28 spent
28 spent 29 in
28 spent 33 activity
29 in 31 or
30 moderate 31 or
31 or 32 vigorous

these findings support programs encouraging older adults to decrease sedentary behavior regardless of their engagement in moderate or vigorous activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 4 programs
4 programs 5 encouraging
4 programs 13 of
5 encouraging 7 adults
5 encouraging 8 to
5 encouraging 9 decrease
6 older 7 adults
8 to 9 decrease
9 decrease 11 behavior
9 decrease 12 regardless
10 sedentary 11 behavior
13 of 15 engagement
14 their 15 engagement
15 engagement 16 in
16 in 20 activity
17 moderate 18 or
18 or 19 vigorous
18 or 20 activity

background : clinical and biochemical predictors of extreme longevity would be useful in geriatric practice but have still not been clearly defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 6 predictors
2 : 16 but
3 clinical 4 and
4 and 5 biochemical
4 and 6 predictors
6 predictors 7 of
6 predictors 10 would
7 of 9 longevity
8 extreme 9 longevity
10 would 16 but
11 be 12 useful
11 be 16 but
12 useful 13 in
13 in 15 practice
14 geriatric 15 practice
16 but 17 have
17 have 19 not
17 have 20 been
18 still 19 not
20 been 22 defined
21 clearly 22 defined

methods : to identify the best nongenetic predictors of survival in centenarians , we examined 340 individuals aged 100+ years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 we
2 : 15 examined
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 identify
3 to 13 ,
3 to 14 we
4 identify 8 predictors
4 identify 11 in
5 the 6 best
5 the 8 predictors
7 nongenetic 8 predictors
8 predictors 9 of
9 of 10 survival
11 in 12 centenarians
14 we 15 examined
15 examined 17 individuals
15 examined 18 aged
16 340 17 individuals
17 individuals 18 aged
18 aged 20 years
19 100+ 20 years

a detailed questionnaire was completed , and comprehensive geriatric assessment and blood analyses were performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 detailed
1 a 3 questionnaire
2 detailed 3 questionnaire
3 questionnaire 4 was
4 was 5 completed
6 , 7 and
7 and 11 and
7 and 15 performed
8 comprehensive 10 assessment
9 geriatric 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 and
11 and 13 analyses
11 and 14 were
12 blood 13 analyses
14 were 15 performed

survival of study participants was checked annually over the period of 10 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 checked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 survival 2 of
1 survival 5 was
2 of 4 participants
3 study 4 participants
5 was 6 checked
6 checked 7 annually
6 checked 8 over
8 over 10 period
9 the 10 period
10 period 11 of
11 of 13 years
12 10 13 years

results : in the univariate cox proportional hazards model , a longer survival of centenarians was correlated with a higher adjusted mini [-] mental state examination ( mmse ( adj ) ) [score] ( p < [.] 000001 [ )( higher activities of daily living ( adl ) and adjusted instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ( adj ) ) scores ( p < [.] 000001 [and] p = [.] 00008 , respectively [ )( [and] younger age at the time of testing ( p = [.] 005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 9 model
4 the 9 model
5 univariate 9 model
6 cox 9 model
7 proportional 9 model
8 hazards 9 model
10 , 13 survival
10 , 17 correlated
11 a 13 survival
12 longer 13 survival
13 survival 14 of
13 survival 16 was
14 of 15 centenarians
16 was 17 correlated
17 correlated 18 with
18 with 22 mini
18 with 26 examination
19 a 22 mini
20 higher 22 mini
21 adjusted 22 mini
24 mental 25 state
25 state 26 examination
26 examination 28 mmse
26 examination 36 <
27 ( 28 mmse
28 mmse 30 adj
28 mmse 32 )
29 ( 30 adj
30 adj 31 )
34 ( 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 42 activities
38 000001 42 activities
41 higher 42 activities
42 activities 43 of
43 of 49 and
44 daily 45 living
45 living 47 adl
46 ( 47 adl
47 adl 48 )
47 adl 49 and
49 and 52 activities
49 and 53 of
50 adjusted 52 activities
51 instrumental 52 activities
53 of 54 daily
54 daily 55 living
54 daily 62 scores
54 daily 65 <
55 living 57 iadl
55 living 62 scores
56 ( 57 iadl
57 iadl 59 adj
57 iadl 61 )
58 ( 59 adj
59 adj 60 )
63 ( 65 <
64 p 65 <
65 < 67 000001
67 000001 70 =
67 000001 79 age
69 p 70 =
70 = 72 00008
70 = 73 ,
73 , 74 respectively
73 , 79 age
78 younger 79 age
79 age 80 at
79 age 83 of
79 age 87 =
79 age 91 .
80 at 82 time
81 the 82 time
83 of 84 testing
85 ( 87 =
86 p 87 =
87 = 89 005
87 = 90 )

blood pressure , lipid profile , and c - reactive protein and hemoglobin concentrations were not associated with survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 blood 2 pressure
2 pressure 5 profile
3 , 5 profile
4 lipid 5 profile
5 profile 6 ,
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 c
7 and 9 -
8 c 9 -
9 - 12 and
10 reactive 11 protein
11 protein 12 and
12 and 14 concentrations
12 and 15 were
13 hemoglobin 14 concentrations
15 were 16 not
15 were 18 with
16 not 17 associated
18 with 19 survival

in multivariate analysis with the adl score substituted by the iadl ( adj ) score [,] the only predictor of survival [was] mmse [(] adj ) [(] hr = 0.973 per [each] mmse ( adj ) point , 95 % ci : 0.958 - 0.988 , p = [.] 0006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 substituted
1 in 2 multivariate
1 in 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 with
3 analysis 8 substituted
4 with 7 score
5 the 7 score
6 adl 7 score
8 substituted 9 by
8 substituted 19 predictor
9 by 15 score
10 the 15 score
11 iadl 13 adj
11 iadl 15 score
12 ( 13 adj
13 adj 14 )
17 the 18 only
17 the 19 predictor
19 predictor 20 of
20 of 28 hr
21 survival 28 hr
23 mmse 28 hr
25 adj 26 )
25 adj 28 hr
28 hr 30 0.973
28 hr 37 point
28 hr 40 %
29 = 30 0.973
30 0.973 31 per
30 0.973 35 adj
30 0.973 37 point
31 per 33 mmse
34 ( 35 adj
35 adj 36 )
38 , 40 %
39 95 40 %
40 % 41 ci
40 % 42 :
40 % 52 .
41 ci 42 :
42 : 48 =
43 0.958 44 -
44 - 45 0.988
44 - 48 =
46 , 48 =
47 p 48 =
48 = 50 0006
48 = 51 )

conclusions : cognitive and functional performances are predictors of survival in centenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 performances
2 : 7 are
2 : 13 .
3 cognitive 4 and
4 and 5 functional
4 and 6 performances
6 performances 7 are
7 are 8 predictors
8 predictors 9 of
9 of 10 survival
10 survival 11 in
11 in 12 centenarians

reversal of the visible signs of facial aging with the use of injectable products as an alternative to surgery has become more popular , with nearly 5 million procedures performed in the united states in 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reversal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 reversal 2 of
1 reversal 20 has
2 of 5 signs
3 the 5 signs
4 visible 5 signs
5 signs 6 of
6 of 8 aging
7 facial 8 aging
8 aging 9 with
8 aging 15 as
9 with 11 use
10 the 11 use
11 use 12 of
12 of 14 products
13 injectable 14 products
15 as 17 alternative
16 an 17 alternative
17 alternative 18 to
18 to 19 surgery
20 has 21 become
21 become 23 popular
22 more 23 popular
24 , 29 procedures
24 , 30 performed
25 with 28 million
25 with 29 procedures
26 nearly 28 million
27 5 28 million
29 procedures 30 performed
30 performed 31 in
30 performed 35 in
31 in 34 states
32 the 34 states
33 united 34 states
35 in 36 2012

volume augmentation products , such as hyaluronic acid ( ha ) , calcium hydroxylapatite ( caha ) , [and] [poly] - l - lactic acid ( plla ) , are often used [in] [combination] with one another and with neurotoxins for facial rejuvenation because of the complementary modes of action . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 products
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 volume 3 products
2 augmentation 3 products
3 products 8 acid
3 products 30 are
4 , 8 acid
5 such 8 acid
6 as 7 hyaluronic
7 hyaluronic 8 acid
8 acid 10 ha
8 acid 14 hydroxylapatite
8 acid 23 -
8 acid 29 ,
9 ( 10 ha
10 ha 11 )
12 , 14 hydroxylapatite
13 calcium 14 hydroxylapatite
14 hydroxylapatite 16 caha
14 hydroxylapatite 18 ,
15 ( 16 caha
16 caha 17 )
21 - 23 -
22 l 23 -
23 - 25 acid
23 - 29 ,
24 lactic 25 acid
25 acid 27 plla
26 ( 27 plla
27 plla 28 )
30 are 31 often
30 are 32 used
32 used 38 and
32 used 44 because
35 with 37 another
35 with 38 and
36 one 37 another
38 and 39 with
39 with 40 neurotoxins
40 neurotoxins 41 for
41 for 43 rejuvenation
42 facial 43 rejuvenation
44 because 45 of
45 of 48 modes
46 the 48 modes
47 complementary 48 modes
48 modes 49 of
49 of 50 action

this article presents 2 case reports involving patientspecific combinations of 2 different ha products , injectable plla , and caha with incobotulinumtoxina or abobotulinumtoxina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 presents
3 presents 6 reports
4 2 6 reports
5 case 6 reports
6 reports 7 involving
6 reports 10 of
7 involving 9 combinations
8 patientspecific 9 combinations
10 of 14 products
11 2 14 products
12 different 14 products
13 ha 14 products
15 , 19 and
16 injectable 17 plla
17 plla 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 caha
19 and 21 with
21 with 23 or
22 incobotulinumtoxina 23 or
23 or 24 abobotulinumtoxina

the combination of ha , caha , plla , and neurotoxins has resulted in outstanding outcomes for many patients , with no clinical evidence of increased adverse events secondary to combination therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 resulted
1 the 2 combination
2 combination 3 of
2 combination 12 has
3 of 10 and
4 ha 5 ,
5 , 8 plla
5 , 10 and
6 caha 8 plla
7 , 8 plla
8 plla 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 neurotoxins
12 has 13 resulted
13 resulted 14 in
13 resulted 17 for
14 in 16 outcomes
15 outstanding 16 outcomes
17 for 19 patients
18 many 19 patients
19 patients 21 with
20 , 21 with
21 with 24 evidence
21 with 33 .
22 no 24 evidence
23 clinical 24 evidence
24 evidence 25 of
25 of 28 events
26 increased 28 events
27 adverse 28 events
28 events 29 secondary
29 secondary 30 to
30 to 32 therapy
31 combination 32 therapy

background : radiofrequency - induced heating of dermal and subdermal tissue promotes skin contracture ; however , the temperature threshold for inducing an epidermal burn is lower than the therapeutic temperature thresholds required for collagen remodeling , and therefore , there is the possibility [of] epidermal burn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 radiofrequency
4 - 6 heating
4 - 12 promotes
4 - 15 ;
4 - 38 and
5 induced 6 heating
6 heating 7 of
6 heating 12 promotes
7 of 11 tissue
8 dermal 9 and
9 and 10 subdermal
9 and 11 tissue
12 promotes 14 contracture
13 skin 14 contracture
15 ; 20 threshold
15 ; 26 is
15 ; 28 than
16 however 17 ,
16 however 20 threshold
18 the 20 threshold
19 temperature 20 threshold
20 threshold 21 for
20 threshold 26 is
21 for 22 inducing
22 inducing 25 burn
23 an 25 burn
24 epidermal 25 burn
26 is 27 lower
28 than 32 thresholds
28 than 33 required
29 the 32 thresholds
30 therapeutic 31 temperature
31 temperature 32 thresholds
32 thresholds 33 required
33 required 34 for
33 required 36 remodeling
34 for 35 collagen
37 , 38 and
38 and 41 there
38 and 42 is
39 therefore 40 ,
39 therefore 41 there
41 there 42 is
42 is 47 burn
43 the 47 burn
44 possibility 47 burn
46 epidermal 47 burn

herein , we evaluate a radiofrequency treatment that provides novel real - time subdermal and epidermal temperature monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 herein 2 ,
1 herein 3 we
3 we 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 treatment
5 a 7 treatment
6 radiofrequency 7 treatment
7 treatment 8 that
7 treatment 9 provides
8 that 9 provides
9 provides 13 time
9 provides 15 and
10 novel 13 time
11 real 12 -
11 real 13 time
14 subdermal 15 and
15 and 18 monitoring
16 epidermal 17 temperature
17 temperature 18 monitoring

methods : a retrospective chart review of 18 subjects undergoing thermistor - controlled subdermal skin tightening via percutaneous radiofrequency was conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 11 thermistor
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 11 thermistor
4 retrospective 5 chart
5 chart 6 review
6 review 7 of
6 review 9 subjects
7 of 8 18
9 subjects 10 undergoing
12 - 15 skin
12 - 20 was
12 - 22 .
13 controlled 15 skin
14 subdermal 15 skin
15 skin 16 tightening
15 skin 20 was
16 tightening 17 via
17 via 19 radiofrequency
18 percutaneous 19 radiofrequency
20 was 21 conducted

during the treatment , epidermal temperature was concurrently monitored by a handheld infrared laser thermometer and a forward looking infrared camera system and peak temperatures readings were reported and evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 temperature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 during 3 treatment
1 during 4 ,
1 during 6 temperature
2 the 3 treatment
5 epidermal 6 temperature
6 temperature 7 was
7 was 9 monitored
8 concurrently 9 monitored
9 monitored 10 by
10 by 16 and
11 a 12 handheld
11 a 15 thermometer
12 handheld 14 laser
13 infrared 14 laser
14 laser 15 thermometer
15 thermometer 16 and
16 and 22 system
17 a 22 system
18 forward 22 system
19 looking 22 system
20 infrared 21 camera
21 camera 22 system
23 and 26 readings
23 and 27 were
24 peak 26 readings
25 temperatures 26 readings
26 readings 27 were
27 were 29 and
28 reported 29 and
29 and 30 evaluated

results : mean temperatures of 43.6 and 38.2 °c were reported for the infrared camera and infrared thermometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 4 temperatures
3 mean 11 reported
4 temperatures 5 of
4 temperatures 10 were
5 of 9 °c
6 43.6 7 and
7 and 8 38.2
7 and 9 °c
10 were 11 reported
11 reported 12 for
12 for 16 and
13 the 15 camera
14 infrared 15 camera
15 camera 16 and
16 and 18 thermometer
17 infrared 18 thermometer

the bland - altman plot analysis reported a bias of 5.38 °c and 95 % limits of agreement between 0.60 and 10.15 °c . additionally , the mean difference or bias of 5.38 °c was statistically significant [(] p<0.0001 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bland
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 bland
3 - 6 analysis
3 - 7 reported
3 - 24 .
4 altman 6 analysis
5 plot 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 reported
7 reported 13 and
7 reported 19 between
8 a 9 bias
9 bias 10 of
9 bias 13 and
10 of 12 °c
11 5.38 12 °c
13 and 16 limits
13 and 17 of
14 95 16 limits
15 % 16 limits
17 of 18 agreement
19 between 23 °c
20 0.60 21 and
21 and 22 10.15
21 and 23 °c
24 . 30 or
24 . 35 was
24 . 40 .
25 additionally 26 ,
25 additionally 30 or
27 the 29 difference
28 mean 29 difference
29 difference 30 or
30 or 31 bias
30 or 32 of
30 or 35 was
32 of 34 °c
33 5.38 34 °c
35 was 36 statistically
35 was 39 p<0.0001
37 significant 39 p<0.0001

conclusion : our preliminary data supports a superior form of thermoregulation for the purposes of skin tightening that integrates continuous subsurface and epidermal temperature monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 data
2 : 6 supports
2 : 26 .
3 our 5 data
4 preliminary 5 data
5 data 6 supports
6 supports 9 form
7 a 8 superior
7 a 9 form
8 superior 9 form
9 form 10 of
9 form 17 tightening
9 form 25 monitoring
10 of 11 thermoregulation
11 thermoregulation 12 for
11 thermoregulation 15 of
12 for 14 purposes
13 the 14 purposes
15 of 16 skin
17 tightening 18 that
17 tightening 19 integrates
19 integrates 24 temperature
20 continuous 24 temperature
21 subsurface 22 and
22 and 23 epidermal
22 and 24 temperature
24 temperature 25 monitoring

background : imiquimod 3.75 % and 2.5 % creams were studied for the treatment of actinic keratosis ( ak ) of the full face or balding scalp , to determine comparable efficacy and tolerability to imiquimod 5 % cream . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 5 %
2 : 6 and
3 imiquimod 4 3.75
3 imiquimod 5 %
6 and 9 creams
6 and 28 ,
7 2.5 9 creams
8 % 9 creams
9 creams 28 ,
10 were 11 studied
10 were 28 ,
11 studied 12 for
12 for 25 or
13 the 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 of
14 treatment 21 of
14 treatment 25 or
15 of 17 keratosis
16 actinic 17 keratosis
17 keratosis 19 ak
18 ( 19 ak
19 ak 20 )
21 of 24 face
22 the 24 face
23 full 24 face
25 or 27 scalp
26 balding 27 scalp
28 , 29 to
28 , 30 determine
29 to 30 determine
30 determine 33 and
30 determine 35 to
31 comparable 32 efficacy
32 efficacy 33 and
33 and 34 tolerability
35 to 39 cream
36 imiquimod 39 cream
37 5 38 %
38 % 39 cream

methods : in two identical multicenter , randomized , double - blind , placebo controlled studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 10 double
3 in 6 multicenter
4 two 6 multicenter
5 identical 6 multicenter
6 multicenter 8 randomized
7 , 8 randomized
8 randomized 9 ,
11 - 16 studies
12 blind 13 ,
12 blind 16 studies
14 placebo 15 controlled
15 controlled 16 studies

adult subjects with 5 to 20 visible lesions , or palpable aks in an area that exceeded 25 cm² on either the face or balding scalp were randomized to [imiquimod] 3.75 % , 2.5 % [or] vehicle cream ( 1:1:1 ) applied once daily for two 2 - week treatment cycles , with a 2 [-] week , no [-] treatment interval between cycles . 
1 adult 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 with
2 subjects 12 aks
3 with 4 5
3 with 5 to
5 to 10 or
6 20 8 lesions
7 visible 8 lesions
8 lesions 10 or
9 , 10 or
10 or 11 palpable
12 aks 13 in
12 aks 16 that
12 aks 17 exceeded
13 in 15 area
14 an 15 area
16 that 17 exceeded
17 exceeded 29 to
18 25 19 cm²
18 25 29 to
19 cm² 20 on
19 cm² 27 were
20 on 24 or
21 either 24 or
22 the 23 face
23 face 24 or
24 or 26 scalp
25 balding 26 scalp
27 were 28 randomized
29 to 31 3.75
31 3.75 32 %
32 % 38 cream
32 % 42 applied
33 , 38 cream
34 2.5 38 cream
35 % 37 vehicle
37 vehicle 38 cream
38 cream 40 1:1:1
38 cream 41 )
39 ( 40 1:1:1
40 1:1:1 41 )
42 applied 43 once
42 applied 44 daily
42 applied 45 for
42 applied 47 2
42 applied 53 with
45 for 46 two
47 2 51 cycles
48 - 51 cycles
49 week 51 cycles
50 treatment 51 cycles
51 cycles 52 ,
53 with 57 week
54 a 57 week
55 2 57 week
57 week 62 interval
58 , 62 interval
59 no 62 interval
61 treatment 62 interval
62 interval 63 between
62 interval 65 .
63 between 64 cycles

efficacy was assessed 8 weeks posttreatment ( end of study visit [ eos ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 efficacy 2 was
2 was 6 posttreatment
3 assessed 6 posttreatment
4 8 5 weeks
5 weeks 6 posttreatment
6 posttreatment 8 end
7 ( 8 end
8 end 9 of
8 end 15 )
9 of 13 eos
10 study 11 visit
11 visit 13 eos
12 [ 13 eos
13 eos 14 ]

primary efficacy was [rate] of complete clearance of ak lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 primary 2 efficacy
2 efficacy 3 was
3 was 5 of
5 of 7 clearance
6 complete 7 clearance
7 clearance 8 of
8 of 10 lesions
9 ak 10 lesions

secondary efficacy endpoints were rate [of] partial clearance at eos ( ≥ 75 % reduction in number [of] ak lesions compared to baseline ) and median percent decrease [from] baseline lesion count . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 endpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 secondary 2 efficacy
2 efficacy 3 endpoints
3 endpoints 4 were
4 were 5 rate
5 rate 25 and
7 partial 8 clearance
8 clearance 9 at
8 clearance 25 and
9 at 10 eos
10 eos 15 reduction
11 ( 15 reduction
12 ≥ 15 reduction
13 75 14 %
14 % 15 reduction
15 reduction 16 in
15 reduction 21 compared
15 reduction 24 )
16 in 20 lesions
17 number 20 lesions
19 ak 20 lesions
21 compared 22 to
22 to 23 baseline
25 and 32 count
26 median 28 decrease
27 percent 28 decrease
28 decrease 32 count
30 baseline 32 count
31 lesion 32 count

safety assessments included visual assessment of local skin reactions ( lsrs ) , number and duration of study treatment rest periods required due to intolerant lsrs , adverse events ( aes ) and clinical laboratory tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 safety 2 assessments
2 assessments 3 included
3 included 5 assessment
4 visual 5 assessment
5 assessment 6 of
6 of 9 reactions
7 local 9 reactions
8 skin 9 reactions
9 reactions 11 lsrs
10 ( 11 lsrs
11 lsrs 12 )
13 , 15 and
14 number 15 and
15 and 16 duration
15 and 17 of
17 of 33 and
18 study 20 rest
19 treatment 20 rest
20 rest 21 periods
21 periods 22 required
21 periods 24 to
21 periods 33 and
23 due 24 to
24 to 26 lsrs
25 intolerant 26 lsrs
26 lsrs 29 events
27 , 29 events
28 adverse 29 events
29 events 31 aes
29 events 32 )
30 ( 31 aes
31 aes 32 )
33 and 36 tests
34 clinical 35 laboratory
35 laboratory 36 tests

results : overall 479 patients [were] randomized to imiquimod 3.75 % , 2.5 % , or vehicle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
2 : 16 or
4 479 5 patients
5 patients 7 randomized
5 patients 16 or
7 randomized 8 to
8 to 9 imiquimod
9 imiquimod 11 %
10 3.75 11 %
11 % 14 %
12 , 14 %
13 2.5 14 %
14 % 15 ,
15 , 16 or
16 or 17 vehicle

complete clearance rates were 35.6 % , 30.6 % , [and] 6.3 % [respectively] ( both p<.001 [versus] [vehicle] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 complete 2 clearance
2 clearance 3 rates
3 rates 4 were
4 were 6 %
5 35.6 6 %
6 % 9 %
6 % 13 %
7 , 9 %
8 30.6 9 %
9 % 10 ,
10 , 13 %
12 6.3 13 %
13 % 17 p<.001
13 % 20 )
15 ( 17 p<.001
16 both 17 p<.001
17 p<.001 20 )

the difference in complete clearance rates ( imiquimod [minus] [vehicle] ) was 29.3 [%] and 24.3 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 in
2 difference 12 was
3 in 6 rates
4 complete 5 clearance
5 clearance 6 rates
6 rates 8 imiquimod
7 ( 8 imiquimod
8 imiquimod 11 )
12 was 17 %
12 was 19 respectively
13 29.3 15 and
15 and 16 24.3
15 and 17 %
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 .

partial clearance rates were 59.4 % , 48.1 % , [and] 22.6 % [respectively] ( both p<.001 [versus] [vehicle] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 partial 2 clearance
2 clearance 3 rates
3 rates 4 were
4 were 6 %
5 59.4 6 %
6 % 9 %
6 % 13 %
7 , 9 %
8 48.1 9 %
9 % 10 ,
10 , 13 %
12 22.6 13 %
13 % 17 p<.001
13 % 20 )
15 ( 17 p<.001
16 both 17 p<.001
17 p<.001 20 )

median % reductions in ak lesions were 81.8 % , 71.8 % , [and] 25.0 % [respectively] ( p<.001 [versus] [vehicle] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reductions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 median 3 reductions
2 % 3 reductions
3 reductions 4 in
3 reductions 7 were
4 in 6 lesions
5 ak 6 lesions
7 were 9 %
8 81.8 9 %
9 % 12 %
9 % 16 %
10 , 12 %
11 71.8 12 %
12 % 13 ,
13 , 16 %
15 25.0 16 %
16 % 19 p<.001
16 % 22 )
18 ( 19 p<.001
19 p<.001 22 )

all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were greater in study 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 endpoints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 6 endpoints
2 primary 3 and
3 and 4 secondary
3 and 5 efficacy
5 efficacy 6 endpoints
6 endpoints 7 were
7 were 8 greater
8 greater 9 in
9 in 10 study
10 study 11 1

photodamage in the treatment area was ['] much improved ['] with imiquimod 3.75 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 photodamage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 photodamage 2 in
1 photodamage 8 much
2 in 4 treatment
3 the 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 area
4 treatment 6 was
5 area 6 was
8 much 9 improved
9 improved 11 with
11 with 12 imiquimod
11 with 14 %
13 3.75 14 %

both active creams were well tolerated with few treatment - related discontinuations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 creams
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 both 3 creams
2 active 3 creams
3 creams 4 were
4 were 5 well
5 well 6 tolerated
6 tolerated 7 with
7 with 8 few
7 with 9 treatment
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 discontinuations
11 related 13 .

conclusions : in two well - controlled phase 3 studies , both imiquimod 3.75 % and 2.5 % creams were more effective than vehicle and well tolerated when administered daily as a 2 [-] week on/off/on regimen to treat ak . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 phase
2 : 10 studies
2 : 11 ,
2 : 39 treat
2 : 41 .
3 in 4 two
3 in 8 phase
5 well 6 -
5 well 8 phase
7 controlled 8 phase
8 phase 9 3
8 phase 10 studies
11 , 12 both
11 , 13 imiquimod
11 , 16 and
12 both 13 imiquimod
13 imiquimod 15 %
14 3.75 15 %
16 and 19 creams
16 and 25 and
17 2.5 19 creams
18 % 19 creams
19 creams 25 and
20 were 22 effective
20 were 25 and
21 more 22 effective
22 effective 23 than
23 than 24 vehicle
25 and 27 tolerated
25 and 28 when
26 well 27 tolerated
28 when 29 administered
29 administered 30 daily
30 daily 31 as
30 daily 38 to
31 as 37 regimen
32 a 37 regimen
33 2 35 week
35 week 36 on/off/on
36 on/off/on 37 regimen
38 to 39 treat
39 treat 40 ak

reduction in ak lesions was comparable to that reported with imiquimod 5 % with fewer local aes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 reduction 2 in
1 reduction 5 was
2 in 4 lesions
3 ak 4 lesions
5 was 6 comparable
6 comparable 7 to
7 to 8 that
8 that 9 reported
9 reported 10 with
9 reported 14 with
10 with 11 imiquimod
10 with 13 %
12 5 13 %
14 with 17 aes
15 fewer 17 aes
16 local 17 aes

the human circadian clock ensures that biochemical and physiological processes occur at the optimal time of day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 clock
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ensures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 clock
2 human 4 clock
3 circadian 4 clock
4 clock 5 ensures
5 ensures 6 that
6 that 10 processes
6 that 11 occur
7 biochemical 8 and
8 and 9 physiological
8 and 10 processes
10 processes 11 occur
11 occur 12 at
12 at 15 time
13 the 15 time
14 optimal 15 time
15 time 16 of
16 of 17 day

in addition to a central pacemaker in the body , recent evidence suggests that peripheral mammalian tissues also possess autonomous circadian oscillators , which are regulated by genes linked to distinct tissue - specific functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 10 ,
1 in 12 evidence
2 addition 3 to
3 to 6 pacemaker
4 a 5 central
4 a 6 pacemaker
5 central 6 pacemaker
6 pacemaker 7 in
7 in 9 body
8 the 9 body
11 recent 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 suggests
13 suggests 14 that
14 that 17 tissues
14 that 19 possess
15 peripheral 17 tissues
16 mammalian 17 tissues
18 also 19 possess
19 possess 22 oscillators
20 autonomous 22 oscillators
21 circadian 22 oscillators
22 oscillators 24 which
23 , 24 which
24 which 25 are
24 which 33 -
25 are 26 regulated
26 regulated 27 by
27 by 28 genes
28 genes 29 linked
29 linked 30 to
30 to 32 tissue
31 distinct 32 tissue
33 - 35 functions
33 - 36 .
34 specific 35 functions

the skin is situated in a position naturally exposed to diurnal environmental changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 situated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 skin
2 skin 3 is
3 is 4 situated
4 situated 5 in
5 in 7 position
6 a 7 position
7 position 9 exposed
8 naturally 9 exposed
9 exposed 10 to
10 to 13 changes
11 diurnal 13 changes
12 environmental 13 changes

the skin 's chronobiological functioning influences skin aging , cell repair and development of skin cancers , as well as optimal timing of drug delivery to the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 the 2 skin
2 skin 3 's
3 's 7 skin
4 chronobiological 7 skin
5 functioning 7 skin
6 influences 7 skin
7 skin 8 aging
7 skin 9 ,
9 , 11 repair
9 , 12 and
10 cell 11 repair
12 and 13 development
12 and 14 of
12 and 20 as
14 of 16 cancers
15 skin 16 cancers
17 , 20 as
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 22 timing
20 as 29 .
21 optimal 22 timing
22 timing 23 of
23 of 25 delivery
24 drug 25 delivery
25 delivery 26 to
26 to 28 skin
27 the 28 skin

an understanding of circadian skin [-] related functions and the impact of their disruption allow clinicians to improve therapeutic [decision] - making and maximize the effectiveness of prescribed treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 an 2 understanding
1 an 3 of
1 an 9 and
3 of 8 functions
4 circadian 5 skin
5 skin 7 related
7 related 8 functions
9 and 11 impact
9 and 12 of
9 and 23 and
10 the 11 impact
12 of 14 disruption
13 their 14 disruption
15 allow 16 clinicians
15 allow 17 to
15 allow 18 improve
15 allow 23 and
17 to 18 improve
18 improve 22 making
19 therapeutic 21 -
19 therapeutic 22 making
23 and 24 maximize
24 maximize 26 effectiveness
25 the 26 effectiveness
26 effectiveness 27 of
27 of 29 treatments
28 prescribed 29 treatments

urinary incontinence is a common complaint in older people , and is associated with significant impact on the individual , their carers and the wider healthcare system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incontinence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 urinary 2 incontinence
2 incontinence 11 and
3 is 6 complaint
3 is 7 in
3 is 11 and
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 complaint
5 common 6 complaint
7 in 9 people
8 older 9 people
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 is
11 and 14 with
11 and 17 on
12 is 13 associated
14 with 16 impact
15 significant 16 impact
17 on 23 and
18 the 19 individual
19 individual 20 ,
20 , 22 carers
20 , 23 and
21 their 22 carers
23 and 27 system
24 the 27 system
25 wider 27 system
26 healthcare 27 system

as the numbers of frail elderly people increase , so will [the] burden [of] incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 as 7 people
1 as 9 ,
2 the 3 numbers
3 numbers 4 of
3 numbers 7 people
4 of 7 people
5 frail 7 people
6 elderly 7 people
8 increase 9 ,
9 , 11 will
10 so 11 will
11 will 13 burden
13 burden 15 incontinence

this review examines recent developments in research into the aetiology , physiology , pathology and treatment of urinary incontinence [and] lower urinary tract symptoms in older people , and explores potential future developments which might reduce or ameliorate both urinary incontinence and its effects on frail older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 15 and
3 examines 29 and
4 recent 5 developments
5 developments 6 in
5 developments 15 and
6 in 7 research
7 research 8 into
8 into 14 pathology
9 the 14 pathology
10 aetiology 12 physiology
10 aetiology 13 ,
10 aetiology 14 pathology
11 , 12 physiology
12 physiology 13 ,
15 and 16 treatment
15 and 29 and
16 treatment 17 of
17 of 19 incontinence
18 urinary 19 incontinence
21 lower 24 symptoms
21 lower 25 in
21 lower 29 and
22 urinary 23 tract
23 tract 24 symptoms
25 in 27 people
26 older 27 people
28 , 29 and
29 and 37 or
30 explores 31 potential
30 explores 37 or
31 potential 33 developments
31 potential 36 reduce
32 future 33 developments
33 developments 34 which
33 developments 35 might
33 developments 36 reduce
34 which 35 might
37 or 38 ameliorate
38 ameliorate 42 and
38 ameliorate 45 on
39 both 42 and
40 urinary 41 incontinence
41 incontinence 42 and
42 and 44 effects
43 its 44 effects
45 on 48 people
46 frail 48 people
47 older 48 people

these include increasing understanding of the importance of central control of continence , the role of the urothelium as a sensory organ , novel targets for pharmacological treatments and surgical and invasive interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 4 understanding
3 increasing 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
4 understanding 8 of
4 understanding 11 of
5 of 7 importance
6 the 7 importance
8 of 10 control
9 central 10 control
11 of 12 continence
13 , 29 and
14 the 15 role
15 role 16 of
15 role 23 ,
16 of 18 urothelium
17 the 18 urothelium
18 urothelium 19 as
19 as 22 organ
20 a 22 organ
21 sensory 22 organ
23 , 25 targets
23 , 29 and
24 novel 25 targets
25 targets 26 for
26 for 28 treatments
27 pharmacological 28 treatments
29 and 33 interventions
30 surgical 31 and
31 and 32 invasive
31 and 33 interventions

background : this study investigated the differences in exercise self [-] efficacy , compliance , and effectiveness of home - based exercise in individuals [with] and [without] metabolic syndrome ( mets ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigated
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 differences
5 investigated 8 in
6 the 7 differences
8 in 9 exercise
9 exercise 12 efficacy
9 exercise 21 based
10 self 12 efficacy
12 efficacy 16 and
12 efficacy 21 based
13 , 16 and
14 compliance 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 effectiveness
16 and 18 of
16 and 20 -
18 of 19 home
21 based 22 exercise
21 based 23 in
23 in 26 and
24 individuals 26 and
26 and 29 syndrome
26 and 31 mets
28 metabolic 29 syndrome
30 ( 31 mets
31 mets 32 )

methods : one hundred and ten individuals at risk for diabetes participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 individuals
2 : 12 participated
2 : 16 .
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 ten
6 ten 7 individuals
7 individuals 8 at
7 individuals 12 participated
8 at 9 risk
9 risk 10 for
10 for 11 diabetes
12 participated 13 in
13 in 15 study
14 this 15 study

subjects were categorized into individuals with mets and individuals without mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 categorized
3 categorized 4 into
3 categorized 6 with
3 categorized 10 without
4 into 5 individuals
6 with 8 and
7 mets 8 and
8 and 9 individuals
10 without 11 mets

metabolic risk factors and exercise self - efficacy were evaluated for all subjects before and after 3 months of home - based exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 metabolic 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 and
4 and 6 self
5 exercise 6 self
7 - 8 efficacy
7 - 10 evaluated
7 - 21 -
8 efficacy 9 were
9 were 10 evaluated
10 evaluated 11 for
11 for 13 subjects
12 all 13 subjects
13 subjects 15 and
13 subjects 19 of
14 before 15 and
15 and 16 after
16 after 18 months
17 3 18 months
19 of 20 home
21 - 23 exercise
22 based 23 exercise

univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the effectiveness of a home [-] based exercise program between individuals [with] and without mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 univariate 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 5 was
3 of 4 variance
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 compare
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 10 effectiveness
9 the 10 effectiveness
10 effectiveness 11 of
10 effectiveness 21 and
11 of 17 program
12 a 17 program
13 home 15 based
15 based 16 exercise
16 exercise 17 program
18 between 19 individuals
18 between 21 and
21 and 22 without
22 without 23 mets

results : the home - based exercise program improved body mass index [and] lipid profile in individuals at risk for diabetes , regardless of mets status at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 home
2 : 24 of
2 : 27 at
3 the 4 home
4 home 15 profile
5 - 15 profile
6 based 10 body
7 exercise 9 improved
8 program 9 improved
9 improved 10 body
10 body 15 profile
11 mass 15 profile
12 index 15 profile
14 lipid 15 profile
15 profile 16 in
15 profile 18 at
15 profile 20 for
15 profile 22 ,
16 in 17 individuals
18 at 19 risk
20 for 21 diabetes
23 regardless 24 of
24 of 26 status
25 mets 26 status
27 at 28 baseline

individuals without mets had higher exercise self [-] efficacy at baseline and performed greater exercise volume compared with individuals with mets during the intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 individuals 2 without
1 individuals 4 had
2 without 3 mets
4 had 9 efficacy
4 had 10 at
5 higher 6 exercise
6 exercise 7 self
7 self 9 efficacy
10 at 12 and
11 baseline 12 and
12 and 16 volume
12 and 17 compared
12 and 18 with
13 performed 15 exercise
14 greater 15 exercise
15 exercise 16 volume
18 with 19 individuals
19 individuals 20 with
19 individuals 22 during
20 with 21 mets
22 during 24 intervention
23 the 24 intervention

the increased exercise volume in individuals without mets may contribute to their better control of insulin resistance than individuals with mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 volume
2 increased 3 exercise
3 exercise 4 volume
4 volume 5 in
4 volume 9 may
5 in 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 without
7 without 8 mets
9 may 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
10 contribute 18 than
10 contribute 20 with
11 to 14 control
12 their 14 control
13 better 14 control
14 control 15 of
15 of 17 resistance
16 insulin 17 resistance
18 than 19 individuals
20 with 21 mets

furthermore , baseline exercise self [-] efficacy was correlated with exercise volume executed by subjects at home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 efficacy
3 baseline 7 efficacy
4 exercise 7 efficacy
5 self 7 efficacy
7 efficacy 8 was
8 was 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
9 correlated 14 by
9 correlated 16 at
10 with 12 volume
11 exercise 12 volume
12 volume 13 executed
14 by 15 subjects
16 at 17 home

conclusions : we conclude that home - based exercise programs are beneficial for individuals at risk for diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conclude
2 : 7 -
3 we 4 conclude
4 conclude 5 that
4 conclude 6 home
7 - 10 programs
7 - 11 are
7 - 19 .
8 based 9 exercise
9 exercise 10 programs
10 programs 11 are
11 are 12 beneficial
12 beneficial 13 for
12 beneficial 15 at
13 for 14 individuals
15 at 16 risk
16 risk 17 for
17 for 18 diabetes

however , more intensive [and/or] supervised exercise intervention may be needed for those with mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 8 intervention
3 more 4 intensive
4 intensive 7 exercise
6 supervised 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 intervention
8 intervention 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 needed
11 needed 12 for
11 needed 14 with
12 for 13 those
14 with 15 mets

repair of dna double - strand breaks via homologous recombination can produce double holliday junctions ( dhjs ) that require enzymatic separation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 double
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 repair 2 of
1 repair 4 double
2 of 3 dna
5 - 6 strand
5 - 23 .
6 strand 7 breaks
7 breaks 8 via
7 breaks 19 that
7 breaks 20 require
8 via 15 junctions
9 homologous 10 recombination
10 recombination 15 junctions
11 can 15 junctions
12 produce 15 junctions
13 double 15 junctions
14 holliday 15 junctions
15 junctions 17 dhjs
16 ( 17 dhjs
17 dhjs 18 )
19 that 20 require
20 require 22 separation
21 enzymatic 22 separation

topoisomerase iiiα ( topiiiα ) together [with] rmi1 disentangles the final hemicatenane intermediate obtained once dhjs have converged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 rmi1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 disentangles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 topoisomerase 8 rmi1
2 iiiα 8 rmi1
3 ( 4 topiiiα
4 topiiiα 5 )
4 topiiiα 8 rmi1
6 together 8 rmi1
8 rmi1 9 disentangles
9 disentangles 13 intermediate
10 the 13 intermediate
11 final 13 intermediate
12 hemicatenane 13 intermediate
13 intermediate 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 once
15 once 16 dhjs
15 once 18 converged
16 dhjs 17 have
17 have 18 converged

how binding of rmi1 to topiiiα influences it to behave as a hemicatenane dissolvase , rather than as an enzyme that relaxes dna topology , is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 how 2 binding
1 how 7 influences
1 how 26 is
2 binding 3 of
2 binding 7 influences
3 of 4 rmi1
4 rmi1 5 to
5 to 6 topiiiα
7 influences 8 it
7 influences 9 to
9 to 10 behave
10 behave 11 as
10 behave 17 than
11 as 14 dissolvase
12 a 14 dissolvase
13 hemicatenane 14 dissolvase
15 , 17 than
16 rather 17 than
17 than 18 as
17 than 25 ,
18 as 20 enzyme
19 an 20 enzyme
20 enzyme 21 that
20 enzyme 22 relaxes
21 that 22 relaxes
22 relaxes 24 topology
23 dna 24 topology
26 is 27 unknown

here , we present the crystal structure of human topiiiα complexed to the first oligonucleotide [-] binding domain ( ob [fold] ) of rmi1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 7 structure
5 the 7 structure
6 crystal 7 structure
7 structure 8 of
7 structure 11 complexed
8 of 10 topiiiα
9 human 10 topiiiα
11 complexed 12 to
12 to 18 domain
13 the 14 first
13 the 18 domain
15 oligonucleotide 17 binding
17 binding 18 domain
18 domain 20 ob
18 domain 23 of
19 ( 20 ob
20 ob 22 )
23 of 24 rmi1

topiii assumes a toroidal type 1 a topoisomerase fold . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 topiii
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assumes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 topiii 2 assumes
2 assumes 9 fold
3 a 4 toroidal
3 a 9 fold
4 toroidal 5 type
5 type 9 fold
6 1 7 a
7 a 9 fold
8 topoisomerase 9 fold

rmi1 attaches to the edge of the gate in topiiiα through which dna passes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rmi1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 rmi1 2 attaches
2 attaches 3 to
2 attaches 9 in
3 to 5 edge
4 the 5 edge
5 edge 6 of
6 of 8 gate
7 the 8 gate
9 in 10 topiiiα
10 topiiiα 11 through
11 through 12 which
11 through 13 dna
11 through 14 passes
13 dna 14 passes

rmi1 projects a 23 [-] residue [loop] into the topiiiα gate , thereby influencing the dynamics of its opening and closing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rmi1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 projects
1 rmi1 2 projects
2 projects 6 residue
2 projects 14 influencing
3 a 6 residue
4 23 6 residue
6 residue 8 into
8 into 11 gate
9 the 11 gate
10 topiiiα 11 gate
12 , 14 influencing
13 thereby 14 influencing
14 influencing 16 dynamics
14 influencing 22 .
15 the 16 dynamics
16 dynamics 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 its 19 opening
19 opening 20 and
20 and 21 closing

our results provide a mechanistic rationale for [how] rmi1 stabilizes topiiiα - gate opening to [enable] dissolution and [illustrate] how binding partners modulate topoisomerase function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 stabilizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 6 rationale
3 provide 7 for
4 a 6 rationale
5 mechanistic 6 rationale
7 for 9 rmi1
9 rmi1 10 stabilizes
10 stabilizes 11 topiiiα
12 - 25 function
12 - 26 .
13 gate 14 opening
14 opening 15 to
14 opening 18 and
15 to 17 dissolution
18 and 20 how
18 and 21 binding
18 and 22 partners
18 and 23 modulate
18 and 25 function
22 partners 23 modulate
23 modulate 24 topoisomerase

background data : the pelvic incidence ( pi ) was recognized as the key factor of the sagittal balance of the spine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 background 2 data
3 : 6 incidence
3 : 11 recognized
3 : 23 .
4 the 6 incidence
5 pelvic 6 incidence
6 incidence 8 pi
6 incidence 10 was
7 ( 8 pi
8 pi 9 )
10 was 11 recognized
11 recognized 12 as
12 as 15 factor
13 the 15 factor
14 key 15 factor
15 factor 16 of
16 of 19 balance
17 the 19 balance
18 sagittal 19 balance
19 balance 20 of
20 of 22 spine
21 the 22 spine

its value was described [own] for each individual and unchanged during adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 its 2 value
2 value 3 was
3 was 4 described
4 described 6 for
6 for 7 each
7 each 9 and
8 individual 9 and
9 and 10 unchanged
10 unchanged 11 during
11 during 12 adulthood

purpose : to bring out the effect of the age and [of] a sagittal imbalance in the variability of the value of pi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 bring
3 to 4 bring
4 bring 5 out
4 bring 7 effect
4 bring 16 in
6 the 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 11 and
9 the 10 age
10 age 11 and
11 and 15 imbalance
13 a 14 sagittal
13 a 15 imbalance
14 sagittal 15 imbalance
16 in 18 variability
17 the 18 variability
18 variability 19 of
18 variability 22 of
19 of 21 value
20 the 21 value
22 of 23 pi

materials and methods : 200 subjects with chronic low back pain due to sagittal imbalance were compared to 89 normal subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 subjects
4 : 17 compared
4 : 22 .
5 200 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 with
6 subjects 13 to
6 subjects 16 were
7 with 11 pain
8 chronic 9 low
9 low 10 back
10 back 11 pain
12 due 13 to
13 to 15 imbalance
14 sagittal 15 imbalance
16 were 17 compared
17 compared 18 to
18 to 21 subjects
19 89 21 subjects
20 normal 21 subjects

for each groups , the cases were divided according to the age ( 19 - 40 , 6 - 40 years , over 60 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 for 2 each
2 each 3 groups
4 , 6 cases
4 , 8 divided
5 the 6 cases
6 cases 7 were
7 were 8 divided
8 divided 10 to
9 according 10 to
10 to 12 age
11 the 12 age
12 age 15 -
12 age 21 years
13 ( 15 -
14 19 15 -
15 - 16 40
15 - 17 ,
17 , 21 years
18 6 19 -
19 - 20 40
19 - 21 years
21 years 25 years
21 years 26 )
22 , 25 years
23 over 24 60
24 60 25 years
25 years 26 )

the pi and the sagittal positional parameters were measured on large [radiographs] in standardized standing position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 position
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 pi
2 pi 3 and
3 and 5 sagittal
3 and 7 parameters
3 and 10 on
3 and 11 large
3 and 16 position
4 the 5 sagittal
6 positional 7 parameters
7 parameters 8 were
8 were 9 measured
9 measured 10 on
11 large 13 in
13 in 15 standing
14 standardized 15 standing

results : the correlation between age and pi was [observed] significant only for the >60 years cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 correlation
2 : 9 was
2 : 18 .
3 the 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 between
4 correlation 9 was
5 between 7 and
6 age 7 and
7 and 8 pi
9 was 11 significant
11 significant 12 only
12 only 13 for
13 for 17 cases
14 the 17 cases
15 >60 17 cases
16 years 17 cases

the mean values of pi were significantly greater for these cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 values
2 mean 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 6 were
4 of 5 pi
6 were 8 greater
7 significantly 8 greater
8 greater 9 for
9 for 11 cases
10 these 11 cases

discussion : an increase of the value of pi was attributable to a twisting mobilization within the sacroiliac joint . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 increase
2 : 10 was
2 : 20 .
3 an 4 increase
4 increase 5 of
4 increase 10 was
5 of 7 value
6 the 7 value
7 value 8 of
8 of 9 pi
10 was 11 attributable
11 attributable 12 to
11 attributable 16 within
12 to 15 mobilization
13 a 15 mobilization
14 twisting 15 mobilization
16 within 19 joint
17 the 19 joint
18 sacroiliac 19 joint

it results from a forward projection of the gravity due to a sagittal disturbance and a pelvic compensatory [backward] rotation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 results
2 results 3 from
2 results 11 to
3 from 6 projection
4 a 6 projection
5 forward 6 projection
6 projection 7 of
7 of 9 gravity
8 the 9 gravity
10 due 11 to
11 to 15 and
12 a 13 sagittal
12 a 14 disturbance
13 sagittal 14 disturbance
14 disturbance 15 and
15 and 20 rotation
16 a 17 pelvic
16 a 20 rotation
17 pelvic 20 rotation
18 compensatory 20 rotation

this twisting into the sacroiliac joint was incriminated in the origin of chronic low back pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 twisting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 incriminated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 twisting
2 twisting 3 into
2 twisting 7 was
3 into 6 joint
4 the 6 joint
5 sacroiliac 6 joint
7 was 8 incriminated
8 incriminated 9 in
9 in 11 origin
10 the 11 origin
11 origin 12 of
12 of 16 pain
13 chronic 14 low
14 low 16 pain
15 back 16 pain

conclusion : the sagittal pelvi - spinal imbalance may be incriminated in the increasing of the value of pi by a painful destabilization sacro - iliac , with leads to an increasing of the value of pi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 5 pelvi
2 : 6 -
3 the 5 pelvi
4 sagittal 5 pelvi
6 - 8 imbalance
6 - 11 incriminated
7 spinal 8 imbalance
8 imbalance 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 incriminated
11 incriminated 12 in
11 incriminated 28 with
11 incriminated 30 to
12 in 14 increasing
13 the 14 increasing
14 increasing 15 of
14 increasing 18 of
14 increasing 26 iliac
15 of 17 value
16 the 17 value
18 of 19 pi
19 pi 20 by
20 by 24 sacro
21 a 24 sacro
22 painful 23 destabilization
23 destabilization 24 sacro
25 - 26 iliac
26 iliac 27 ,
28 with 29 leads
30 to 32 increasing
31 an 32 increasing
32 increasing 33 of
32 increasing 36 of
33 of 35 value
34 the 35 value
36 of 37 pi

background : assisted living ( al ) is a growing and operationally diverse option in our nation 's long - term care system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 living
2 : 8 is
2 : 24 .
3 assisted 4 living
4 living 6 al
4 living 8 is
5 ( 6 al
6 al 7 )
8 is 14 option
9 a 14 option
10 growing 11 and
11 and 13 diverse
11 and 14 option
12 operationally 13 diverse
14 option 15 in
15 in 23 system
16 our 17 nation
17 nation 18 's
18 's 23 system
19 long 20 -
19 long 21 term
21 term 23 system
22 care 23 system

many consumers view al communities as a viable option to receive needed services and age in place . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consumers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 view
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 many 2 consumers
2 consumers 3 view
3 view 5 communities
3 view 6 as
4 al 5 communities
6 as 9 option
6 as 12 needed
7 a 8 viable
7 a 9 option
8 viable 9 option
9 option 10 to
9 option 11 receive
9 option 12 needed
10 to 11 receive
12 needed 14 and
12 needed 16 in
13 services 14 and
14 and 15 age
16 in 17 place

however , little is [known] about the factors that influence residents ' ability to age in place when experiencing cognitive [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 6 about
4 is 20 cognitive
6 about 8 factors
7 the 8 factors
8 factors 9 that
8 factors 10 influence
9 that 10 influence
10 influence 13 ability
11 residents 12 '
12 ' 13 ability
13 ability 14 to
13 ability 19 experiencing
14 to 15 age
15 age 16 in
15 age 18 when
16 in 17 place
18 when 19 experiencing

objective : to estimate the association of resident and site characteristics to length [of] stay , reason for leaving and destination for residents with dementia in assisted living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 estimate
3 to 4 estimate
4 estimate 6 association
4 estimate 27 assisted
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
6 association 27 assisted
7 of 9 and
8 resident 9 and
9 and 10 site
9 and 11 characteristics
9 and 16 ,
11 characteristics 12 to
11 characteristics 16 ,
12 to 13 length
15 stay 16 ,
16 , 17 reason
16 , 26 in
17 reason 18 for
17 reason 22 for
17 reason 24 with
17 reason 26 in
18 for 20 and
19 leaving 20 and
20 and 21 destination
22 for 23 residents
24 with 25 dementia
27 assisted 28 living

in particular , this study sought to assess the impact of an ['] enhanced ['] program intended to facilitate aging in place . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 5 study
4 this 5 study
5 study 6 sought
6 sought 7 to
6 sought 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 impact
8 assess 17 intended
9 the 10 impact
10 impact 11 of
10 impact 17 intended
11 of 16 program
12 an 16 program
14 enhanced 16 program
17 intended 18 to
17 intended 19 facilitate
18 to 19 facilitate
19 facilitate 20 aging
19 facilitate 21 in
21 in 22 place

method : data were gathered from a retrospective evaluation of residents ' clinical records ( n=312 ) in five dementia - specific als ( 3 with robust enhanced programs ) in the northeastern united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 gathered
2 : 36 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 gathered
5 gathered 6 from
5 gathered 18 in
5 gathered 31 in
6 from 9 evaluation
7 a 8 retrospective
7 a 9 evaluation
8 retrospective 9 evaluation
9 evaluation 10 of
10 of 14 records
11 residents 12 '
12 ' 14 records
13 clinical 14 records
14 records 16 n=312
15 ( 16 n=312
16 n=312 17 )
18 in 23 als
19 five 23 als
20 dementia 21 -
20 dementia 23 als
22 specific 23 als
23 als 25 3
24 ( 25 3
25 3 26 with
25 3 30 )
26 with 29 programs
27 robust 29 programs
28 enhanced 29 programs
31 in 35 states
32 the 35 states
33 northeastern 34 united
34 united 35 states

results : the time to 50 % survival for the full cohort ( n=312 ) was 20.2 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 time
3 the 4 time
4 time 8 survival
4 time 16 was
5 to 7 %
5 to 8 survival
6 50 7 %
8 survival 9 for
8 survival 16 was
9 for 12 cohort
10 the 12 cohort
11 full 12 cohort
12 cohort 14 n=312
13 ( 14 n=312
14 n=312 15 )
16 was 18 months
17 20.2 18 months

both age at [move] - in and gender were statistically significant predictors of length [of] [stay] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 both 7 and
2 age 3 at
2 age 7 and
3 at 6 in
5 - 6 in
7 and 8 gender
7 and 9 were
9 were 10 statistically
9 were 12 predictors
11 significant 12 predictors
12 predictors 13 of
13 of 14 length

sites with robust support for aging in place exhibited a statistically significant longer length of stay compared [to] sites with limited support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 sites 2 with
1 sites 5 for
1 sites 9 exhibited
2 with 4 support
3 robust 4 support
5 for 6 aging
6 aging 8 place
7 in 8 place
9 exhibited 14 length
10 a 11 statistically
10 a 14 length
11 statistically 12 significant
12 significant 14 length
13 longer 14 length
14 length 15 of
15 of 19 sites
16 stay 17 compared
17 compared 19 sites
19 sites 20 with
20 with 22 support
21 limited 22 support

of the residents who left or died ( n=165 ) nearly one quarter ( 24 % ) were able to stay until the end of their lives , while 52 % moved to a nursing home , primarily because of family , financial , or medical concerns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 quarter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 of 3 residents
1 of 13 quarter
2 the 3 residents
3 residents 4 who
3 residents 6 or
3 residents 9 n=165
4 who 6 or
5 left 6 or
6 or 7 died
8 ( 9 n=165
9 n=165 10 )
11 nearly 13 quarter
12 one 13 quarter
13 quarter 16 %
13 quarter 18 were
14 ( 16 %
15 24 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 were 19 able
19 able 20 to
19 able 21 stay
20 to 21 stay
21 stay 22 until
21 stay 29 while
21 stay 38 primarily
22 until 24 end
23 the 24 end
24 end 25 of
25 of 27 lives
26 their 27 lives
28 , 29 while
29 while 31 %
29 while 32 moved
29 while 37 ,
30 52 31 %
31 % 32 moved
32 moved 33 to
33 to 36 home
34 a 35 nursing
34 a 36 home
35 nursing 36 home
38 primarily 39 because
39 because 40 of
40 of 45 or
41 family 42 ,
42 , 43 financial
42 , 45 or
44 , 45 or
45 or 47 concerns
46 medical 47 concerns

few residents left these settings because of behavioral problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 left
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 few 2 residents
2 residents 3 left
3 left 5 settings
3 left 6 because
4 these 5 settings
6 because 7 of
7 of 9 problems
8 behavioral 9 problems

conclusion : al sites with a more robust commitment to an aging in place model and a willingness to provide palliative care demonstrated a significantly longer length [of] stay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 al
3 al 4 sites
3 al 15 model
4 sites 5 with
4 sites 10 to
4 sites 15 model
5 with 9 commitment
6 a 9 commitment
7 more 8 robust
8 robust 9 commitment
10 to 14 place
11 an 13 in
12 aging 13 in
13 in 14 place
16 and 18 willingness
16 and 23 demonstrated
17 a 18 willingness
18 willingness 19 to
18 willingness 20 provide
18 willingness 23 demonstrated
19 to 20 provide
20 provide 22 care
21 palliative 22 care
23 demonstrated 29 stay
24 a 29 stay
25 significantly 26 longer
26 longer 27 length
27 length 29 stay

study design : observational population - based study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 5 population
4 observational 5 population
6 - 8 study
7 based 8 study

objective : to determine the prevalence of radiographical scheuermann disease in a dutch population and evaluate the consistency of diagnostic criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 15 and
2 : 22 .
3 to 15 and
4 determine 6 prevalence
4 determine 11 in
4 determine 15 and
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 10 disease
8 radiographical 10 disease
9 scheuermann 10 disease
11 in 14 population
12 a 13 dutch
12 a 14 population
13 dutch 14 population
15 and 16 evaluate
16 evaluate 18 consistency
17 the 18 consistency
18 consistency 19 of
19 of 21 criteria
20 diagnostic 21 criteria

summary of background data : scheuermann disease is a form of osteochondrosis characterized by increased posterior rounding of the thoracic spine with structural vertebral deformity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 summary 2 of
2 of 3 background
3 background 4 data
5 : 7 disease
5 : 8 is
5 : 26 .
6 scheuermann 7 disease
7 disease 8 is
8 is 10 form
9 a 10 form
10 form 11 of
10 form 13 characterized
11 of 12 osteochondrosis
13 characterized 14 by
14 by 17 rounding
15 increased 17 rounding
16 posterior 17 rounding
17 rounding 18 of
17 rounding 22 with
18 of 21 spine
19 the 21 spine
20 thoracic 21 spine
22 with 25 deformity
23 structural 25 deformity
24 vertebral 25 deformity

different expert opinion [-] based radiological criteria exist , yet these have not been validated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 different 2 expert
2 expert 5 based
3 opinion 5 based
5 based 7 criteria
6 radiological 7 criteria
7 criteria 8 exist
8 exist 10 yet
9 , 10 yet
10 yet 11 these
11 these 12 have
12 have 13 not
12 have 14 been
14 been 15 validated

the prevalence in the general population reported ranged from 1 % to 10 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 in
2 prevalence 8 ranged
3 in 6 population
4 the 6 population
5 general 6 population
6 population 7 reported
8 ranged 9 from
8 ranged 12 to
9 from 11 %
10 1 11 %
12 to 14 %
13 10 14 %

methods : lateral spine [radiographs] [of] 2753 rotterdam study participants ( aged 45 - 89 yr ) were assessed for scheuermann disease using sørensen and sachs ' radiographical criteria in 2 phases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 spine
3 lateral 4 spine
4 spine 7 2753
4 spine 9 study
4 spine 19 assessed
8 rotterdam 9 study
9 study 10 participants
9 study 18 were
9 study 19 assessed
10 participants 12 aged
10 participants 16 yr
10 participants 18 were
11 ( 12 aged
12 aged 13 45
12 aged 14 -
14 - 16 yr
15 89 16 yr
16 yr 17 )
19 assessed 20 for
19 assessed 23 using
20 for 22 disease
21 scheuermann 22 disease
23 using 29 criteria
23 using 30 in
24 sørensen 25 and
25 and 26 sachs
26 sachs 27 '
27 ' 29 criteria
28 radiographical 29 criteria
30 in 32 phases
31 2 32 phases

cohen κ statistics were calculated for interrater agreement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 statistics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 cohen 3 statistics
2 κ 3 statistics
3 statistics 4 were
4 were 5 calculated
5 calculated 6 for
6 for 8 agreement
7 interrater 8 agreement

prevalence estimates were calculated and sex differences were tested with pearson χ [test] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 prevalence 2 estimates
2 estimates 3 were
3 were 4 calculated
5 and 7 differences
5 and 9 tested
6 sex 7 differences
7 differences 8 were
8 were 9 tested
9 tested 10 with
10 with 11 pearson
10 with 12 χ

we evaluated whether varying the kyphosis angle criterion would change the prevalence estimate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 whether
3 whether 4 varying
3 whether 10 change
4 varying 8 criterion
4 varying 9 would
5 the 8 criterion
6 kyphosis 8 criterion
7 angle 8 criterion
9 would 10 change
10 change 13 estimate
11 the 13 estimate
12 prevalence 13 estimate

results : a total of 677 ( 24.6 % ) individuals had endplate irregularities and 140 ( 5.1 % ) [individuals] had vertebral wedging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 11 individuals
4 total 12 had
5 of 6 677
6 677 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 24.6 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 individuals 12 had
12 had 13 endplate
13 endplate 14 irregularities
15 and 16 140
15 and 22 had
16 140 19 %
16 140 22 had
17 ( 19 %
18 5.1 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 had 24 wedging
23 vertebral 24 wedging

abnormalities were significantly more prevalent among males ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 abnormalities 2 were
2 were 5 prevalent
3 significantly 4 more
4 more 5 prevalent
5 prevalent 6 among
6 among 7 males
7 males 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.05
10 < 12 )

the interrater agreement κ statistics were 78.8 % for vertebral wedging and 79.4 % [for] endplate irregularity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 statistics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 5 statistics
2 interrater 3 agreement
3 agreement 5 statistics
4 κ 5 statistics
5 statistics 6 were
6 were 8 %
7 78.8 8 %
8 % 9 for
9 for 12 and
10 vertebral 11 wedging
11 wedging 12 and
12 and 17 irregularity
13 79.4 14 %
14 % 17 irregularity
16 endplate 17 irregularity

a total of 127 individuals had both criteria , of which 111 had a kyphosis angle greater than 45 ° , resulting in a prevalence of 4.0 % ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] : 3.3 % - 4.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 had
3 of 5 individuals
4 127 5 individuals
6 had 8 criteria
7 both 8 criteria
9 , 12 111
9 , 13 had
9 , 37 :
10 of 11 which
10 of 12 111
12 111 13 had
13 had 16 angle
14 a 16 angle
15 kyphosis 16 angle
16 angle 17 greater
17 greater 18 than
17 greater 22 resulting
18 than 20 °
19 45 20 °
21 , 22 resulting
22 resulting 23 in
22 resulting 36 ]
23 in 25 prevalence
24 a 25 prevalence
25 prevalence 26 of
26 of 28 %
27 4.0 28 %
28 % 32 confidence
29 ( 32 confidence
30 95 31 %
31 % 32 confidence
32 confidence 35 ci
32 confidence 36 ]
34 [ 35 ci
35 ci 36 ]
37 : 39 %
38 3.3 39 %
39 % 42 %
40 - 42 %
41 4.7 42 %
42 % 43 )

the disease prevalence was 4.5 % in males versus 3.6 % in females , yet this difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.23 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 prevalence
2 disease 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 was
4 was 8 males
5 4.5 7 in
6 % 7 in
7 in 8 males
8 males 9 versus
9 versus 13 females
10 3.6 12 in
11 % 12 in
12 in 13 females
14 , 15 yet
14 , 18 was
15 yet 17 difference
16 this 17 difference
17 difference 18 was
18 was 19 not
18 was 21 significant
20 statistically 21 significant
21 significant 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.23
24 = 26 )

adjustment of the kyphosis angle criterion from 45 ° to 40 ° or 35 ° increased the number of cases marginally [,] corresponding to prevalence estimates not significantly different from the estimates using original criteria ( 4.2 % [ 95 % [ci] : 3.3 % - 4.7 % ] and 4.4 % [ 95 % ci : 3.6 % - 5.2 % []] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 adjustment 2 of
1 adjustment 7 from
1 adjustment 16 increased
2 of 6 criterion
3 the 6 criterion
4 kyphosis 6 criterion
5 angle 6 criterion
7 from 9 °
8 45 9 °
9 ° 10 to
10 to 13 or
11 40 12 °
12 ° 13 or
13 or 15 °
14 35 15 °
16 increased 18 number
17 the 18 number
18 number 19 of
18 number 27 not
19 of 20 cases
20 cases 23 corresponding
21 marginally 23 corresponding
23 corresponding 24 to
24 to 26 estimates
25 prevalence 26 estimates
27 not 29 different
28 significantly 29 different
29 different 30 from
29 different 33 using
30 from 32 estimates
31 the 32 estimates
33 using 35 criteria
34 original 35 criteria
35 criteria 38 %
36 ( 38 %
37 4.2 38 %
38 % 52 %
38 % 57 :
39 [ 52 %
40 95 41 %
40 95 50 and
41 % 43 :
43 : 45 %
44 3.3 45 %
45 % 48 %
46 - 48 %
47 4.7 48 %
48 % 49 ]
50 and 51 4.4
50 and 52 %
52 % 56 ci
52 % 57 :
53 [ 56 ci
54 95 56 ci
55 % 56 ci
56 ci 57 :
57 : 59 %
58 3.6 59 %
59 % 62 %
60 - 62 %
61 5.2 62 %
62 % 64 )

conclusion : our results revealed a prevalence of 4.0 % of radiographical scheuermann disease in dutch individuals aged 45 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 revealed
2 : 23 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 revealed
5 revealed 7 prevalence
5 revealed 18 aged
6 a 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
7 prevalence 11 of
7 prevalence 18 aged
8 of 10 %
9 4.0 10 %
11 of 14 disease
12 radiographical 14 disease
13 scheuermann 14 disease
14 disease 15 in
15 in 17 individuals
16 dutch 17 individuals
18 aged 21 and
19 45 20 years
20 years 21 and
21 and 22 older

although there is no current " gold standard " for the radiographical definition , standardized scoring of independent features resulted in substantial interobserver agreement , and different applications of diagnostic criteria did not significantly alter the classification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 scoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 is
1 although 14 ,
1 although 16 scoring
2 there 3 is
3 is 7 gold
4 no 7 gold
5 current 6 "
5 current 7 gold
7 gold 8 standard
8 standard 9 "
8 standard 10 for
10 for 13 definition
11 the 13 definition
12 radiographical 13 definition
15 standardized 16 scoring
16 scoring 17 of
16 scoring 20 resulted
17 of 19 features
18 independent 19 features
20 resulted 21 in
21 in 24 agreement
22 substantial 24 agreement
23 interobserver 24 agreement
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 applications
26 and 35 alter
27 different 28 applications
28 applications 29 of
28 applications 32 did
29 of 31 criteria
30 diagnostic 31 criteria
32 did 33 not
32 did 35 alter
34 significantly 35 alter
35 alter 37 classification
36 the 37 classification

age - related defects of the immune system are responsible for [t] cell unresponsiveness to cancer vaccination at older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 defects
3 related 4 defects
4 defects 5 of
4 defects 9 are
5 of 8 system
6 the 8 system
7 immune 8 system
9 are 10 responsible
10 responsible 11 for
10 responsible 15 to
10 responsible 18 at
11 for 14 unresponsiveness
13 cell 14 unresponsiveness
15 to 17 vaccination
16 cancer 17 vaccination
18 at 20 age
19 older 20 age

major immune defects at older age are lack of naive [t] cells , impaired activation pathways of t [cells] and antigen - presenting cells ( apcs ) , and age - related changes in the tumor microenvironment ( tme ) . 
1 major 3 defects
2 immune 3 defects
3 defects 4 at
3 defects 7 are
4 at 6 age
5 older 6 age
7 are 29 and
8 lack 9 of
8 lack 13 ,
9 of 12 cells
10 naive 12 cells
13 , 16 pathways
13 , 20 and
14 impaired 16 pathways
15 activation 16 pathways
16 pathways 17 of
17 of 18 t
20 and 21 antigen
20 and 23 presenting
20 and 29 and
22 - 23 presenting
23 presenting 24 cells
23 presenting 28 ,
24 cells 26 apcs
25 ( 26 apcs
26 apcs 27 )
29 and 30 age
29 and 33 changes
31 - 33 changes
32 related 33 changes
33 changes 34 in
33 changes 41 .
34 in 37 microenvironment
35 the 37 microenvironment
36 tumor 37 microenvironment
37 microenvironment 39 tme
38 ( 39 tme
39 tme 40 )

this raises the question whether cancer vaccination is feasible at older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 raises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 raises
2 raises 4 question
2 raises 5 whether
3 the 4 question
5 whether 7 vaccination
5 whether 8 is
6 cancer 7 vaccination
7 vaccination 8 is
8 is 9 feasible
9 feasible 10 at
10 at 12 age
11 older 12 age

we compared various cancer vaccine studies at young and old age , thereby focusing on the importance of both innate and adaptive immune responses for cancer immunotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 cancer
3 various 4 cancer
4 cancer 5 vaccine
4 cancer 6 studies
5 vaccine 6 studies
6 studies 7 at
6 studies 25 for
7 at 9 and
8 young 9 and
9 and 11 age
9 and 12 ,
9 and 14 focusing
9 and 18 of
10 old 11 age
13 thereby 14 focusing
14 focusing 15 on
15 on 17 importance
16 the 17 importance
18 of 24 responses
19 both 24 responses
20 innate 21 and
21 and 22 adaptive
21 and 24 responses
23 immune 24 responses
25 for 27 immunotherapy
26 cancer 27 immunotherapy

these analyses suggest that creating an immune - stimulating environment with help of the innate immune system may improve [t] cell responses in cancer vaccination at older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 creating
4 that 19 improve
5 creating 10 environment
5 creating 11 with
5 creating 18 may
6 an 7 immune
6 an 10 environment
7 immune 8 -
7 immune 10 environment
9 stimulating 10 environment
11 with 12 help
12 help 13 of
13 of 17 system
14 the 17 system
15 innate 17 system
16 immune 17 system
18 may 19 improve
19 improve 22 responses
19 improve 23 in
19 improve 26 at
21 cell 22 responses
23 in 25 vaccination
24 cancer 25 vaccination
26 at 28 age
27 older 28 age

the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anatabine supplementation in conjunction with unilateral , maximal eccentric isokinetic muscle actions on serum markers of muscle damage and pro - inflammatory cytokines in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 effects
8 examine 16 with
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 13 supplementation
12 anatabine 13 supplementation
14 in 15 conjunction
15 conjunction 16 with
16 with 23 actions
17 unilateral 18 ,
17 unilateral 22 muscle
19 maximal 22 muscle
20 eccentric 22 muscle
21 isokinetic 22 muscle
22 muscle 23 actions
23 actions 24 on
24 on 26 markers
25 serum 26 markers
26 markers 27 of
27 of 30 and
28 muscle 29 damage
29 damage 30 and
30 and 31 pro
32 - 34 cytokines
33 inflammatory 34 cytokines
34 cytokines 35 in
35 in 36 humans

seventeen men ( mean ± s.d [.] age = 22.4 ± [3.2] [yrs] ) participated in this double - blinded , [placebo] - controlled , crossover study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 participated
1 seventeen 2 men
2 men 8 age
2 men 15 participated
3 ( 8 age
4 mean 5 ±
5 ± 8 age
6 s.d 8 age
8 age 10 22.4
8 age 11 ±
8 age 14 )
9 = 10 22.4
10 22.4 11 ±
15 participated 16 in
16 in 18 double
17 this 18 double
18 double 20 blinded
18 double 24 controlled
18 double 27 study
19 - 20 blinded
20 blinded 21 ,
23 - 24 controlled
24 controlled 25 ,
25 , 27 study
26 crossover 27 study
27 study 28 .

participants were randomly assigned to two 10 - day conditions ( anatabine and placebo ) separated by a 2 - 4 week washout period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assigned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 randomly
2 were 4 assigned
4 assigned 5 to
5 to 6 two
6 two 7 10
6 two 16 separated
7 10 10 conditions
7 10 16 separated
8 - 10 conditions
9 day 10 conditions
10 conditions 13 and
10 conditions 15 )
11 ( 13 and
12 anatabine 13 and
13 and 14 placebo
13 and 15 )
16 separated 17 by
17 by 24 period
18 a 24 period
19 2 20 -
20 - 21 4
20 - 24 period
22 week 24 period
23 washout 24 period

after seven days of supplementation , blood was sampled immediately prior to pre , immediately following post , [and] 24 , 48 , and 72 h after 6 sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral , maximal eccentric isokinetic forearm flexion exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 after 3 days
1 after 41 exercise
2 seven 3 days
3 days 7 blood
3 days 9 sampled
4 of 5 supplementation
4 of 6 ,
4 of 7 blood
7 blood 8 was
8 was 9 sampled
9 sampled 10 immediately
9 sampled 11 prior
11 prior 24 and
12 to 13 pre
12 to 24 and
13 pre 16 following
14 , 16 following
15 immediately 16 following
16 following 17 post
16 following 23 ,
17 post 20 24
18 , 20 24
20 24 22 48
20 24 23 ,
21 , 22 48
22 48 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 after
25 72 26 h
26 h 27 after
27 after 29 sets
28 6 29 sets
29 sets 30 of
30 of 32 repetitions
31 10 32 repetitions
32 repetitions 33 of
33 of 40 flexion
34 unilateral 35 ,
34 unilateral 37 eccentric
36 maximal 37 eccentric
37 eccentric 40 flexion
38 isokinetic 39 forearm
39 forearm 40 flexion

concentrations [of] serum creatine kinase , lactate dehydrogenase [,] myoglobin , high sensitivity [c] - reactive protein , and tnf - α were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 kinase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 concentrations 3 serum
3 serum 5 kinase
4 creatine 5 kinase
6 , 7 lactate
6 , 19 and
7 lactate 10 myoglobin
8 dehydrogenase 10 myoglobin
10 myoglobin 13 sensitivity
11 , 13 sensitivity
12 high 13 sensitivity
13 sensitivity 17 protein
13 sensitivity 18 ,
15 - 17 protein
16 reactive 17 protein
17 protein 18 ,
19 and 22 α
19 and 23 were
20 tnf 21 -
20 tnf 22 α
22 α 23 were
23 were 24 measured

creatine kinase , myoglobin , and [lactate] dehydrogenase increased ( p<0.05 ) , while high sensitivity [c] - reactive protein and tnf - α did [not] change ( p>0.05 ) after the eccentric exercise during both conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 kinase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 creatine 2 kinase
3 , 6 and
3 , 13 ,
4 myoglobin 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 dehydrogenase
6 and 9 increased
6 and 11 p<0.05
10 ( 11 p<0.05
11 p<0.05 12 )
13 , 24 α
13 , 25 did
14 while 16 sensitivity
14 while 24 α
15 high 16 sensitivity
16 sensitivity 21 and
18 - 21 and
19 reactive 20 protein
20 protein 21 and
21 and 22 tnf
21 and 23 -
24 α 25 did
25 did 27 change
25 did 31 after
25 did 35 during
27 change 29 p>0.05
28 ( 29 p>0.05
29 p>0.05 30 )
31 after 34 exercise
32 the 34 exercise
33 eccentric 34 exercise
35 during 37 conditions
36 both 37 conditions

lactate dehydrogenase [was] higher [(] p<0.05 [ )(during the anatabine condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lactate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 lactate 6 p<0.05
1 lactate 8 )(during
2 dehydrogenase 6 p<0.05
4 higher 6 p<0.05
8 )(during 11 condition
9 the 11 condition
10 anatabine 11 condition

the primary findings of this study were two - fold : [(] a [ )(anatabine had no beneficial effects on traditional markers of muscle damage ( creatine kinase , [lactate] dehydrogenase , and myoglobin ) compared to placebo after the eccentric exercise protocol , and [(] [b] [ )(the eccentric exercise protocol did not elicit increase in the pro - inflammatory cytokines ( c - reactive protein and tnf - α ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 primary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 2 primary
2 primary 3 findings
2 primary 6 study
2 primary 7 were
3 findings 4 of
3 findings 6 study
4 of 5 this
7 were 8 two
9 - 10 fold
9 - 11 :
9 - 16 had
11 : 15 )(anatabine
13 a 15 )(anatabine
15 )(anatabine 16 had
16 had 19 effects
16 had 20 on
17 no 19 effects
18 beneficial 19 effects
20 on 22 markers
21 traditional 22 markers
22 markers 23 of
23 of 33 and
24 muscle 33 and
25 damage 28 kinase
25 damage 31 dehydrogenase
26 ( 28 kinase
27 creatine 28 kinase
28 kinase 29 ,
29 , 31 dehydrogenase
31 dehydrogenase 32 ,
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 myoglobin
33 and 35 )
33 and 36 compared
33 and 39 after
36 compared 37 to
37 to 38 placebo
39 after 45 and
40 the 43 protocol
41 eccentric 43 protocol
42 exercise 43 protocol
43 protocol 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 50 eccentric
45 and 52 protocol
45 and 55 elicit
49 )(the 50 eccentric
51 exercise 52 protocol
52 protocol 53 did
53 did 54 not
53 did 55 elicit
55 elicit 56 increase
56 increase 57 in
57 in 59 pro
58 the 59 pro
59 pro 62 cytokines
60 - 62 cytokines
61 inflammatory 62 cytokines
62 cytokines 65 -
62 cytokines 73 .
63 ( 65 -
64 c 65 -
65 - 68 and
65 - 73 .
66 reactive 67 protein
67 protein 68 and
68 and 69 tnf
68 and 73 .
69 tnf 71 α
70 - 71 α
71 α 72 )

future studies are needed to examine the effects of anatabine on naturally [-] occurring inflammation that is common with aging or obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 future
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 future 2 studies
1 future 3 are
1 future 4 needed
2 studies 3 are
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 15 inflammation
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 8 effects
6 examine 11 on
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 10 anatabine
11 on 14 occurring
12 naturally 14 occurring
15 inflammation 16 that
15 inflammation 17 is
16 that 17 is
17 is 21 or
18 common 19 with
18 common 21 or
19 with 20 aging
21 or 22 obesity

furthermore , additional research is needed to examine the relationship between muscle damage and inflammation after eccentric exercises of different modes , durations , and intensities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 research
3 additional 4 research
4 research 5 is
5 is 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
6 needed 11 between
6 needed 16 after
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 relationship
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 14 and
12 muscle 13 damage
13 damage 14 and
14 and 15 inflammation
16 after 18 exercises
17 eccentric 18 exercises
18 exercises 19 of
19 of 25 and
20 different 21 modes
21 modes 22 ,
22 , 23 durations
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 intensities

introduction : sarcopenia is currently best described as an age [-] related decline in skeletal muscle [mass] and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 sarcopenia
2 : 7 described
2 : 20 .
3 sarcopenia 4 is
4 is 5 currently
4 is 7 described
6 best 7 described
7 described 8 as
7 described 14 in
8 as 13 decline
9 an 10 age
9 an 13 decline
10 age 12 related
12 related 13 decline
14 in 18 and
15 skeletal 16 muscle
16 muscle 18 and
18 and 19 function

however , no consensus exists as to how to best quantify muscle [function] in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consensus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 consensus
3 no 4 consensus
4 consensus 5 exists
5 exists 7 to
6 as 7 to
7 to 8 how
8 how 9 to
8 how 11 quantify
9 to 11 quantify
10 best 11 quantify
11 quantify 12 muscle
11 quantify 14 in
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults

the muscle quality index ( mqi ) was recently recommended as an ideal evidence [-] based assessment of functional status in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 index
2 muscle 4 index
3 quality 4 index
4 index 6 mqi
4 index 8 was
5 ( 6 mqi
6 mqi 7 )
8 was 9 recently
8 was 10 recommended
10 recommended 11 as
10 recommended 21 in
11 as 17 assessment
12 an 13 ideal
12 an 17 assessment
13 ideal 17 assessment
14 evidence 16 based
16 based 17 assessment
17 assessment 18 of
18 of 20 status
19 functional 20 status
21 in 23 adults
22 older 23 adults

nevertheless , the usefulness of mqi to assess [physical] function is limited [by] whether it is [reflective] of muscle qualitative changes to an intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 usefulness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 usefulness
3 the 4 usefulness
4 usefulness 5 of
4 usefulness 11 is
5 of 6 mqi
6 mqi 7 to
6 mqi 10 function
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 function
11 is 12 limited
12 limited 14 whether
12 limited 22 to
14 whether 15 it
14 whether 16 is
15 it 16 is
16 is 18 of
18 of 21 changes
19 muscle 21 changes
20 qualitative 21 changes
22 to 24 intervention
23 an 24 intervention

thus , the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether mqi changes in response to resistance exercise training and detraining and how such changes correspond to other recommended measures of physical function proposed by suggested definitions of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 was
5 of 7 investigation
6 this 7 investigation
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 11 whether
10 determine 16 to
11 whether 12 mqi
11 whether 13 changes
12 mqi 13 changes
14 in 15 response
15 response 16 to
16 to 17 resistance
18 exercise 19 training
19 training 20 and
20 and 33 function
20 and 34 proposed
21 detraining 22 and
22 and 23 how
22 and 25 changes
22 and 31 of
22 and 33 function
24 such 25 changes
25 changes 26 correspond
26 correspond 27 to
27 to 30 measures
28 other 30 measures
29 recommended 30 measures
30 measures 31 of
32 physical 33 function
34 proposed 35 by
35 by 37 definitions
36 suggested 37 definitions
37 definitions 38 of
38 of 39 sarcopenia

methods : twenty - five older adults ( 70.6±6.1y ; bmi=28.1±5.4kg·m ( - 2 [ )( (completed a 6 [-] week resistance training program in a wait - [list] controlled , cross - over design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 adults
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 five
4 - 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 9 70.6±6.1y
8 ( 9 70.6±6.1y
9 70.6±6.1y 10 ;
10 ; 11 bmi=28.1±5.4kg·m
10 ; 17 (completed
10 ; 31 ,
11 bmi=28.1±5.4kg·m 14 2
11 bmi=28.1±5.4kg·m 17 (completed
12 ( 14 2
13 - 14 2
14 2 16 )(
17 (completed 24 program
17 (completed 25 in
17 (completed 30 controlled
18 a 24 program
19 6 22 resistance
21 week 22 resistance
22 resistance 23 training
23 training 24 program
25 in 27 wait
26 a 27 wait
28 - 30 controlled
30 controlled 31 ,
31 , 32 cross
32 cross 34 over
33 - 34 over
34 over 35 design
34 over 36 .

mqi was determined as power output [from] timed [sit] to stand ( sts ) , body mass , and leg length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mqi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mqi 2 was
2 was 19 and
3 determined 4 as
3 determined 15 ,
4 as 6 output
5 power 6 output
6 output 8 timed
6 output 13 sts
8 timed 10 to
10 to 11 stand
12 ( 13 sts
13 sts 14 )
15 , 17 mass
15 , 19 and
16 body 17 mass
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 length
20 leg 21 length

gait speed , hand grip strength , get - up - and - go and lean body mass [(] lbm [ )( evaluated before and after exercise training and detraining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 gait 2 speed
3 , 7 ,
4 hand 6 strength
4 hand 7 ,
5 grip 6 strength
7 , 12 and
8 get 10 up
8 get 12 and
9 - 10 up
11 - 12 and
12 and 15 and
13 - 15 and
14 go 15 and
15 and 16 lean
16 lean 20 lbm
16 lean 25 and
17 body 18 mass
18 mass 20 lbm
20 lbm 23 evaluated
24 before 25 and
25 and 26 after
26 after 29 and
27 exercise 28 training
28 training 29 and
29 and 30 detraining

mqi and functional changes to training and detraining were evaluated with repeated measures anova and clinical interpretations of magnitude based inferences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mqi 2 and
2 and 4 changes
2 and 9 were
3 functional 4 changes
4 changes 5 to
5 to 7 and
6 training 7 and
7 and 8 detraining
9 were 10 evaluated
10 evaluated 11 with
11 with 13 measures
11 with 14 anova
12 repeated 13 measures
15 and 17 interpretations
15 and 20 based
16 clinical 17 interpretations
17 interpretations 18 of
17 interpretations 20 based
18 of 19 magnitude
20 based 21 inferences

results : short term resistance training significantly and clinically improved mqi ( 203.4±64.31 to 244.3±82.92w ) , gait time ( 1.85±0.36 to 1.66±0.27s ) and sit to stand performance ( 13.21±2.51 to 11.05±1.58s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 8 and
3 short 6 training
3 short 7 significantly
3 short 8 and
4 term 6 training
5 resistance 6 training
8 and 25 and
8 and 27 to
9 clinically 10 improved
10 improved 11 mqi
10 improved 25 and
11 mqi 13 203.4±64.31
11 mqi 19 time
12 ( 13 203.4±64.31
13 203.4±64.31 14 to
13 203.4±64.31 16 )
14 to 15 244.3±82.92w
17 , 19 time
18 gait 19 time
19 time 21 1.85±0.36
19 time 24 )
20 ( 21 1.85±0.36
21 1.85±0.36 22 to
21 1.85±0.36 24 )
22 to 23 1.66±0.27s
25 and 26 sit
27 to 29 performance
28 stand 29 performance
29 performance 31 13.21±2.51
30 ( 31 13.21±2.51
31 13.21±2.51 32 to
31 13.21±2.51 34 )
32 to 33 11.05±1.58s

changes in lbm and hand grip strength were not significant or clinically meaningful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 8 were
2 in 4 and
3 lbm 4 and
4 and 7 strength
5 hand 7 strength
6 grip 7 strength
8 were 9 not
8 were 11 or
10 significant 11 or
11 or 13 meaningful
12 clinically 13 meaningful

[de] - training for 6 [-] weeks did not result in significant changes in any measure from post - training performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 result
2 - 3 training
3 training 4 for
3 training 8 did
4 for 7 weeks
5 6 7 weeks
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 result
10 result 11 in
10 result 14 in
11 in 13 changes
12 significant 13 changes
14 in 16 measure
15 any 16 measure
16 measure 17 from
16 measure 20 training
17 from 18 post
19 - 20 training
20 training 21 performance
20 training 22 .

cognitive decline , alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and other causes are major public health problems worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cognitive 2 decline
3 , 4 alzheimer
3 , 5 's
3 , 10 and
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 6 disease
6 disease 8 ad
7 ( 8 ad
8 ad 9 )
10 and 12 causes
10 and 13 are
11 other 12 causes
12 causes 13 are
13 are 17 problems
13 are 18 worldwide
14 major 15 public
15 public 17 problems
16 health 17 problems

with changing demographics , the number of persons with dementia will increase rapidly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 persons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 with 2 changing
1 with 4 ,
1 with 8 persons
2 changing 3 demographics
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 8 persons
7 of 8 persons
8 persons 9 with
8 persons 11 will
9 with 10 dementia
11 will 12 increase
12 increase 13 rapidly

the treatment and prevention of ad and other dementias , therefore , is an urgent unmet need . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 treatment
3 and 4 prevention
3 and 13 is
4 prevention 5 of
4 prevention 13 is
5 of 7 and
6 ad 7 and
7 and 9 dementias
8 other 9 dementias
10 , 11 therefore
11 therefore 12 ,
11 therefore 13 is
13 is 17 need
14 an 15 urgent
14 an 17 need
15 urgent 16 unmet
16 unmet 17 need

there have been considerable advances in understanding the biology of [many] age - related disorders that cause dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 there 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 5 advances
4 considerable 5 advances
5 advances 6 in
5 advances 10 of
6 in 7 understanding
7 understanding 9 biology
8 the 9 biology
10 of 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 disorders
14 related 19 .
15 disorders 16 that
15 disorders 17 cause
16 that 17 cause
17 cause 18 dementia

gains in understanding ad have led to the development of ante [-] [mortem] biomarkers of traditional neuropathology and the conduct of several phase iii interventions in the amyloid - β cascade early in the disease process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 gains 2 in
1 gains 5 have
2 in 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 ad
5 have 6 led
6 led 7 to
6 led 25 interventions
6 led 26 in
7 to 18 and
8 the 9 development
9 development 10 of
9 development 18 and
10 of 14 biomarkers
11 ante 14 biomarkers
14 biomarkers 15 of
15 of 17 neuropathology
16 traditional 17 neuropathology
18 and 20 conduct
19 the 20 conduct
20 conduct 21 of
21 of 23 phase
22 several 23 phase
23 phase 24 iii
26 in 31 cascade
27 the 31 cascade
28 amyloid 29 -
28 amyloid 31 cascade
30 β 31 cascade
31 cascade 32 early
32 early 33 in
33 in 36 process
34 the 36 process
35 disease 36 process

many other intervention strategies are in various stages of development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 many 2 other
2 other 4 strategies
3 intervention 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 are
5 are 6 in
6 in 8 stages
7 various 8 stages
8 stages 9 of
9 of 10 development

however , efforts to date have met with limited success . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 efforts
3 efforts 4 to
3 efforts 5 date
3 efforts 6 have
4 to 5 date
6 have 7 met
7 met 8 with
8 with 10 success
9 limited 10 success

a recent national institute on aging research summit led to a number of requests for applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 institute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 recent
1 a 4 institute
2 recent 4 institute
3 national 4 institute
4 institute 5 on
4 institute 9 led
5 on 8 summit
6 aging 7 research
7 research 8 summit
9 led 10 to
10 to 14 requests
11 a 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 14 requests
13 of 14 requests
14 requests 15 for
15 for 16 applications

one was to establish multi - disciplinary teams of investigators who use systems biology approaches and stem cell technology to identify a new generation of ad targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 one 2 was
2 was 3 to
2 was 16 and
3 to 16 and
4 establish 8 teams
4 establish 16 and
5 multi 6 -
5 multi 8 teams
7 disciplinary 8 teams
8 teams 9 of
9 of 10 investigators
10 investigators 11 who
10 investigators 12 use
11 who 12 use
12 use 13 systems
13 systems 14 biology
13 systems 15 approaches
14 biology 15 approaches
16 and 17 stem
16 and 20 to
17 stem 19 technology
18 cell 19 technology
20 to 21 identify
21 identify 24 generation
22 a 23 new
22 a 24 generation
23 new 24 generation
24 generation 25 of
25 of 27 targets
26 ad 27 targets

we were recently awarded one of three such grants to build a pipeline that integrates epidemiology , systems biology , and stem cell technology to discover and validate novel therapeutic targets and lead compounds for ad treatment and prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 were
2 were 3 recently
2 were 4 awarded
4 awarded 5 one
4 awarded 10 to
5 one 6 of
6 of 9 grants
7 three 8 such
8 such 9 grants
10 to 21 and
11 build 13 pipeline
11 build 21 and
12 a 13 pipeline
13 pipeline 14 that
13 pipeline 15 integrates
14 that 15 integrates
15 integrates 16 epidemiology
16 epidemiology 19 biology
17 , 19 biology
18 systems 19 biology
19 biology 20 ,
21 and 27 and
22 stem 24 technology
22 stem 27 and
23 cell 24 technology
24 technology 25 to
24 technology 26 discover
25 to 26 discover
27 and 32 and
28 validate 31 targets
28 validate 32 and
29 novel 31 targets
30 therapeutic 31 targets
32 and 33 lead
33 lead 34 compounds
33 lead 35 for
35 for 38 and
36 ad 37 treatment
37 treatment 38 and
38 and 39 prevention

here we describe the two cohorts that provide the data and biospecimens being exploited for our pipeline and describe the available unique datasets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 describe
3 describe 6 cohorts
4 the 5 two
5 two 6 cohorts
6 cohorts 7 that
6 cohorts 18 and
7 that 18 and
8 provide 11 and
8 provide 18 and
9 the 10 data
10 data 11 and
11 and 12 biospecimens
11 and 13 being
13 being 14 exploited
14 exploited 15 for
15 for 17 pipeline
16 our 17 pipeline
18 and 19 describe
19 describe 23 datasets
20 the 23 datasets
21 available 23 datasets
22 unique 23 datasets

second , we present evidence in support of a chronic disease model of ad that informs our choice of [phenotypes] as the target outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 in
5 evidence 8 of
5 evidence 13 of
6 in 7 support
8 of 12 model
9 a 10 chronic
9 a 12 model
10 chronic 11 disease
11 disease 12 model
13 of 14 ad
14 ad 15 that
14 ad 16 informs
15 that 16 informs
16 informs 18 choice
17 our 18 choice
18 choice 19 of
19 of 21 as
21 as 24 outcome
22 the 24 outcome
23 target 24 outcome

third , we provide an overview of our approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 third 2 ,
1 third 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 6 overview
5 an 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
7 of 9 approach
8 our 9 approach

finally , we present the details of our planned drug discovery pipeline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 6 details
5 the 6 details
6 details 7 of
7 of 12 pipeline
8 our 12 pipeline
9 planned 10 drug
10 drug 12 pipeline
11 discovery 12 pipeline

background : interventions in primary health care settings have been effective in increasing physical fitness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 interventions
2 : 10 been
2 : 16 .
3 interventions 4 in
3 interventions 9 have
4 in 8 settings
5 primary 7 care
6 health 7 care
7 care 8 settings
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 effective
11 effective 12 in
12 in 13 increasing
13 increasing 15 fitness
14 physical 15 fitness

in 2001 , the programa de exercício físico em unidades de saúde ( physical exercise in health primary care program - pehpcp ) was launched in rio claro city , brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 saúde
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 launched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 2001
1 in 3 ,
1 in 12 saúde
4 the 9 em
5 programa 6 de
6 de 7 exercício
7 exercício 8 físico
8 físico 9 em
9 em 12 saúde
10 unidades 11 de
11 de 12 saúde
12 saúde 15 exercise
12 saúde 24 was
13 ( 15 exercise
14 physical 15 exercise
15 exercise 16 in
15 exercise 23 )
16 in 22 pehpcp
17 health 18 primary
18 primary 19 care
19 care 20 program
20 program 22 pehpcp
21 - 22 pehpcp
24 was 25 launched
25 launched 26 in
26 in 29 city
27 rio 28 claro
28 claro 29 city
30 , 31 brazil

the intervention consisted of biweekly , 60 - minute group sessions in all primary health care settings in the city . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 11 sessions
5 biweekly 7 60
5 biweekly 10 group
6 , 7 60
7 60 8 -
9 minute 10 group
10 group 11 sessions
11 sessions 12 in
12 in 17 settings
13 all 17 settings
14 primary 17 settings
15 health 17 settings
16 care 17 settings
17 settings 18 in
18 in 20 city
19 the 20 city

this study evaluated the effect of pehpcp on physical fitness and on the aging process after a decade of ongoing implementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 5 effect
3 evaluated 16 after
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 pehpcp
7 pehpcp 11 and
8 on 10 fitness
8 on 11 and
9 physical 10 fitness
11 and 12 on
12 on 15 process
13 the 15 process
14 aging 15 process
16 after 18 decade
17 a 18 decade
18 decade 19 of
19 of 21 implementation
20 ongoing 21 implementation

every 4 months , participants completed the american alliance for health , physical education , recreation and dance standardized tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 every 3 months
1 every 4 ,
1 every 5 participants
2 4 3 months
5 participants 6 completed
6 completed 8 american
7 the 8 american
8 american 9 alliance
8 american 19 standardized
9 alliance 10 for
9 alliance 19 standardized
10 for 17 and
11 health 12 ,
12 , 14 education
12 , 15 ,
13 physical 14 education
15 , 16 recreation
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 dance
19 standardized 20 tests

results : program participation was associated with a reduced effect , compared with baseline , of the natural decline of physical fitness caused by aging , as represented by changes in the following measures [:] coordination test time , - 0.44 seconds [;] agility and dynamic balance test time [;] - 1.81 seconds [;] aerobic capacity test time , 3.57 seconds [;] and muscle strength exercises , +0.60 repetitions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 program
2 : 7 with
3 program 4 participation
3 program 5 was
3 program 6 associated
4 participation 5 was
7 with 10 effect
8 a 10 effect
9 reduced 10 effect
10 effect 12 compared
10 effect 16 of
11 , 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
12 compared 15 ,
13 with 14 baseline
16 of 19 decline
17 the 19 decline
18 natural 19 decline
19 decline 20 of
19 decline 23 caused
20 of 22 fitness
21 physical 22 fitness
23 caused 24 by
23 caused 29 by
24 by 25 aging
25 aging 28 represented
26 , 28 represented
27 as 28 represented
29 by 30 changes
30 changes 31 in
31 in 36 coordination
32 the 36 coordination
33 following 36 coordination
34 measures 36 coordination
36 coordination 45 and
36 coordination 48 test
37 test 38 time
38 time 39 ,
39 , 44 agility
39 , 45 and
40 - 41 0.44
41 0.44 42 seconds
42 seconds 44 agility
45 and 47 balance
45 and 48 test
46 dynamic 47 balance
48 test 49 time
48 test 58 time
51 - 52 1.81
52 1.81 53 seconds
53 seconds 58 time
55 aerobic 58 time
56 capacity 58 time
57 test 58 time
58 time 63 and
59 , 63 and
60 3.57 61 seconds
61 seconds 63 and
63 and 66 exercises
63 and 69 repetitions
63 and 70 .
64 muscle 65 strength
65 strength 66 exercises
67 , 69 repetitions
68 +0.60 69 repetitions
69 repetitions 70 .

no significant effect on flexibility was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 no 3 effect
2 significant 3 effect
3 effect 4 on
3 effect 6 was
4 on 5 flexibility
6 was 7 found

conclusions : the pehpcp showed potential in improving muscle strength , coordination , aerobic capacity , and agility and dynamic balance in participants and in maintaining flexibility in participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 balance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 pehpcp
2 : 5 showed
3 the 4 pehpcp
4 pehpcp 5 showed
5 showed 6 potential
5 showed 9 muscle
6 potential 7 in
7 in 8 improving
9 muscle 19 and
9 muscle 21 balance
10 strength 11 ,
11 , 12 coordination
11 , 13 ,
13 , 15 capacity
13 , 17 and
14 aerobic 15 capacity
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 agility
17 and 19 and
19 and 20 dynamic
19 and 21 balance
21 balance 24 and
22 in 23 participants
22 in 24 and
24 and 25 in
25 in 26 maintaining
26 maintaining 27 flexibility
26 maintaining 28 in
28 in 29 participants

there are two ways to picture white matter : as a grid of electrical wires or a network of roads . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 ways
3 two 4 ways
4 ways 5 to
4 ways 6 picture
5 to 6 picture
6 picture 7 white
7 white 8 matter
7 white 9 :
8 matter 9 :
9 : 10 as
10 as 16 or
11 a 12 grid
12 grid 13 of
12 grid 16 or
13 of 15 wires
14 electrical 15 wires
16 or 18 network
16 or 19 of
17 a 18 network
19 of 20 roads

the first metaphor captures the classical function of an axon as [conductor] of action potentials ( and information ) from one brain region to another . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 metaphor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 captures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 metaphor
2 first 3 metaphor
3 metaphor 4 captures
4 captures 7 function
4 captures 11 as
4 captures 24 to
5 the 7 function
6 classical 7 function
7 function 8 of
8 of 10 axon
9 an 10 axon
11 as 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 action 15 potentials
15 potentials 17 and
16 ( 17 and
17 and 18 information
17 and 19 )
17 and 20 from
20 from 23 region
21 one 23 region
22 brain 23 region
24 to 25 another

the second one points to the important role of axons in a bi - directional transport of biological molecules and organelles between the cell body and synapse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 second
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 second
2 second 3 one
2 second 9 of
2 second 20 and
3 one 4 points
4 points 5 to
5 to 8 role
6 the 8 role
7 important 8 role
8 role 9 of
10 axons 11 in
10 axons 20 and
11 in 16 transport
12 a 13 bi
12 a 16 transport
13 bi 14 -
13 bi 16 transport
15 directional 16 transport
16 transport 17 of
17 of 19 molecules
18 biological 19 molecules
20 and 26 and
21 organelles 22 between
21 organelles 26 and
22 between 25 body
23 the 25 body
24 cell 25 body
26 and 27 synapse

given the wide variety of such cargoes , a well - functioning axonal transport is critical for a number of processes , including neurotransmission , metabolism and viability of neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 transport
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 given 4 variety
1 given 11 -
1 given 14 transport
2 the 4 variety
3 wide 4 variety
4 variety 5 of
5 of 7 cargoes
6 such 7 cargoes
7 cargoes 10 well
8 , 10 well
9 a 10 well
10 well 11 -
12 functioning 14 transport
13 axonal 14 transport
14 transport 15 is
15 is 16 critical
16 critical 17 for
17 for 27 and
18 a 19 number
19 number 20 of
19 number 22 ,
20 of 21 processes
22 , 24 neurotransmission
22 , 25 ,
23 including 24 neurotransmission
25 , 26 metabolism
25 , 27 and
27 and 28 viability
27 and 29 of
29 of 30 neurons

this selective review will emphasize the need for considering axonal transport when interpreting functional consequences [of] inter - individual variations in the structural properties of white matter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 emphasize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 this 2 selective
2 selective 3 review
3 review 4 will
4 will 5 emphasize
5 emphasize 7 need
6 the 7 need
7 need 8 for
7 need 15 consequences
7 need 17 inter
8 for 9 considering
9 considering 11 transport
9 considering 12 when
10 axonal 11 transport
12 when 13 interpreting
14 functional 15 consequences
15 consequences 17 inter
18 - 20 variations
18 - 27 matter
18 - 28 .
19 individual 20 variations
20 variations 21 in
20 variations 27 matter
21 in 24 properties
22 the 24 properties
23 structural 24 properties
24 properties 25 of
25 of 26 white

we start by describing the space occupied by white matter and techniques used in vivo for its characterization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 start
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 start
2 start 3 by
2 start 8 by
3 by 4 describing
4 describing 6 space
5 the 6 space
6 space 7 occupied
8 by 11 and
9 white 10 matter
10 matter 11 and
11 and 12 techniques
12 techniques 13 used
12 techniques 16 for
13 used 15 vivo
14 in 15 vivo
16 for 18 characterization
17 its 18 characterization

we then provide examples of key features of maturation and aging of white matter , as well as some of the common abnormalities observed in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 3 provide
2 then 3 provide
3 provide 10 and
3 provide 17 well
3 provide 18 as
4 examples 5 of
4 examples 10 and
5 of 7 features
6 key 7 features
7 features 8 of
8 of 9 maturation
10 and 11 aging
10 and 15 ,
11 aging 12 of
12 of 14 matter
13 white 14 matter
16 as 17 well
18 as 23 abnormalities
18 as 24 observed
19 some 20 of
19 some 23 abnormalities
20 of 23 abnormalities
21 the 23 abnormalities
22 common 23 abnormalities
23 abnormalities 24 observed
24 observed 25 in
25 in 29 disorders
26 neurodevelopmental 27 and
27 and 28 neurodegenerative
27 and 29 disorders

next , we review work that motivated our focus [on] axonal diameter , and explain the relationships between transport and cytoskeleton within the axon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 next 2 ,
1 next 3 we
3 we 14 and
4 review 5 work
4 review 14 and
5 work 6 that
5 work 7 motivated
6 that 7 motivated
7 motivated 12 diameter
8 our 12 diameter
9 focus 12 diameter
11 axonal 12 diameter
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 explain
15 explain 17 relationships
15 explain 18 between
15 explain 22 within
16 the 17 relationships
18 between 20 and
19 transport 20 and
20 and 21 cytoskeleton
22 within 24 axon
23 the 24 axon

we will conclude by describing molecular machinery of axonal transport and genes that may contribute to inter - individual variations in axonal [diameter] and axonal transport . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 conclude
3 conclude 4 by
3 conclude 7 machinery
4 by 5 describing
6 molecular 7 machinery
7 machinery 8 of
7 machinery 13 that
7 machinery 17 inter
8 of 11 and
9 axonal 10 transport
10 transport 11 and
11 and 12 genes
13 that 14 may
14 may 15 contribute
15 contribute 16 to
16 to 17 inter
18 - 20 variations
19 individual 20 variations
20 variations 21 in
21 in 26 transport
22 axonal 24 and
24 and 25 axonal
24 and 26 transport

it is accepted widely that fast - twitch muscle fibers are preferentially impacted in aging muscle , yet we hypothesize that this is not valid when aging muscle atrophy becomes severe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accepted
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 accepted
3 accepted 4 widely
3 accepted 5 that
5 that 10 fibers
5 that 13 impacted
6 fast 7 -
6 fast 8 twitch
8 twitch 10 fibers
9 muscle 10 fibers
10 fibers 11 are
11 are 12 preferentially
11 are 13 impacted
13 impacted 14 in
14 in 15 aging
15 aging 16 muscle
16 muscle 25 valid
17 , 25 valid
18 yet 25 valid
19 we 20 hypothesize
20 hypothesize 21 that
21 that 22 this
21 that 23 is
22 this 23 is
23 is 24 not
24 not 25 valid
25 valid 26 when
25 valid 32 .
26 when 27 aging
26 when 30 becomes
27 aging 29 atrophy
27 aging 30 becomes
28 muscle 29 atrophy
30 becomes 31 severe

in this review , we summarize the evidence of fiber type [-] specific effect in aging muscle and the potential confounding roles of fibers coexpressing multiple myosin heavy - chain isoforms and their histochemical identification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 summarize
6 summarize 8 evidence
6 summarize 15 in
7 the 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 of
9 of 14 effect
10 fiber 14 effect
11 type 14 effect
13 specific 14 effect
15 in 18 and
16 aging 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 and
18 and 20 potential
19 the 20 potential
20 potential 21 confounding
20 potential 23 of
21 confounding 22 roles
23 of 24 fibers
24 fibers 25 coexpressing
25 coexpressing 32 and
26 multiple 31 isoforms
27 myosin 31 isoforms
28 heavy 29 -
28 heavy 30 chain
30 chain 31 isoforms
31 isoforms 32 and
32 and 35 identification
33 their 35 identification
34 histochemical 35 identification

current dogma suggests that aerobic exercise training has minimal effects on skeletal muscle size . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dogma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 current 2 dogma
2 dogma 3 suggests
3 suggests 7 training
3 suggests 8 has
4 that 5 aerobic
5 aerobic 6 exercise
6 exercise 7 training
7 training 8 has
8 has 10 effects
8 has 11 on
9 minimal 10 effects
11 on 14 size
12 skeletal 13 muscle
13 muscle 14 size

we and others have demonstrated that aerobic exercise acutely and [chronically] alters protein metabolism and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 hypertrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 and
2 and 3 others
2 and 10 and
2 and 19 hypertrophy
4 have 5 demonstrated
4 have 10 and
5 demonstrated 8 exercise
5 demonstrated 9 acutely
6 that 7 aerobic
7 aerobic 8 exercise
10 and 15 and
12 alters 14 metabolism
12 alters 15 and
13 protein 14 metabolism
15 and 16 induces
15 and 18 muscle
17 skeletal 18 muscle

these findings promote [an] antithesis to the status quo by providing novel perspective on skeletal muscle mass regulation and insight into exercise countermeasures for populations prone to muscle loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 promote
3 promote 5 antithesis
3 promote 6 to
3 promote 10 by
3 promote 21 into
6 to 9 quo
7 the 9 quo
8 status 9 quo
10 by 11 providing
11 providing 13 perspective
11 providing 14 on
12 novel 13 perspective
14 on 19 and
15 skeletal 16 muscle
16 muscle 17 mass
17 mass 18 regulation
18 regulation 19 and
19 and 20 insight
21 into 23 countermeasures
22 exercise 23 countermeasures
23 countermeasures 24 for
24 for 25 populations
25 populations 26 prone
26 prone 27 to
27 to 28 muscle
28 muscle 29 loss

in this review , we summarize current evidence for a direct effect of vitamin d on skeletal muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 summarize
6 summarize 8 evidence
6 summarize 16 on
7 current 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 for
9 for 12 effect
10 a 11 direct
10 a 12 effect
11 direct 12 effect
12 effect 13 of
13 of 14 vitamin
14 vitamin 15 d
16 on 18 muscle
17 skeletal 18 muscle

a number of studies identify the receptor for 1,25 - dihydroxyvitamin - d3 ( vitamin d [receptor] ( vdr ) ) and the enzyme cyp27b1 ( 1 - α - hydroxylase ) in muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 4 studies
3 of 4 studies
4 studies 5 identify
5 identify 22 and
5 identify 28 -
5 identify 33 in
6 the 7 receptor
7 receptor 8 for
7 receptor 22 and
8 for 9 1,25
9 1,25 11 dihydroxyvitamin
9 1,25 13 d3
10 - 11 dihydroxyvitamin
11 dihydroxyvitamin 12 -
12 - 13 d3
13 d3 15 vitamin
13 d3 21 )
14 ( 15 vitamin
15 vitamin 16 d
15 vitamin 19 vdr
15 vitamin 20 )
18 ( 19 vdr
19 vdr 20 )
22 and 25 cyp27b1
23 the 24 enzyme
24 enzyme 25 cyp27b1
26 ( 28 -
27 1 28 -
28 - 29 α
28 - 32 )
29 α 31 hydroxylase
30 - 31 hydroxylase
31 hydroxylase 32 )
33 in 34 muscle

we hypothesize that vitamin d acts on myocytes via the vdr , and we examine proposed effects on myocyte proliferation [,] differentiation , growth , and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 3 that
3 that 6 acts
3 that 15 examine
4 vitamin 5 d
4 vitamin 6 acts
6 acts 7 on
6 acts 9 via
6 acts 15 examine
7 on 8 myocytes
9 via 13 and
10 the 11 vdr
11 vdr 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 we
15 examine 17 effects
15 examine 18 on
16 proposed 17 effects
18 on 26 and
19 myocyte 22 differentiation
20 proliferation 22 differentiation
22 differentiation 23 ,
23 , 24 growth
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 inflammation

telomerase is the ribonucleoprotein ( rnp ) reverse transcriptase responsible for synthesizing the 3 ['] ends of linear chromosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomerase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 telomerase 2 is
2 is 4 ribonucleoprotein
2 is 9 transcriptase
3 the 4 ribonucleoprotein
4 ribonucleoprotein 6 rnp
5 ( 6 rnp
6 rnp 7 )
8 reverse 9 transcriptase
9 transcriptase 10 responsible
10 responsible 11 for
11 for 12 synthesizing
12 synthesizing 16 ends
13 the 14 3
14 3 16 ends
16 ends 17 of
17 of 19 chromosomes
18 linear 19 chromosomes

it plays critical roles in tumorigenesis , cellular aging , and stem cell renewal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 plays
2 plays 4 roles
2 plays 5 in
3 critical 4 roles
5 in 6 tumorigenesis
7 , 11 and
8 cellular 9 aging
8 cellular 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 renewal
12 stem 14 renewal
13 cell 14 renewal

the past two years have seen exciting progress in determining telomerase holoenzyme architecture and the structural basis of telomerase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 holoenzyme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 past
1 the 3 two
3 two 4 years
4 years 5 have
5 have 6 seen
6 seen 8 progress
6 seen 9 in
6 seen 12 holoenzyme
7 exciting 8 progress
9 in 10 determining
10 determining 11 telomerase
12 holoenzyme 14 and
13 architecture 14 and
14 and 17 basis
14 and 18 of
15 the 17 basis
16 structural 17 basis
18 of 20 activity
19 telomerase 20 activity

notably , the first electron microscopy structures of telomerase were reported , of the tetrahymena thermophila telomerase holoenzyme and a human telomerase dimer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 structures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 7 structures
3 the 7 structures
4 first 7 structures
5 electron 7 structures
6 microscopy 7 structures
7 structures 8 of
7 structures 10 were
8 of 9 telomerase
10 were 11 reported
12 , 19 and
12 , 23 dimer
13 of 15 tetrahymena
13 of 19 and
14 the 15 tetrahymena
16 thermophila 17 telomerase
17 telomerase 18 holoenzyme
18 holoenzyme 19 and
19 and 22 telomerase
19 and 23 dimer
20 a 21 human
20 a 22 telomerase
21 human 22 telomerase

in addition to new structures of tert and ter domains , the first structures of telomerase protein domains beyond tert , and their complexes with ter or telomeric single - stranded dna , were reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 6 of
2 addition 22 and
3 to 5 structures
4 new 5 structures
6 of 10 domains
7 tert 8 and
8 and 9 ter
9 ter 10 domains
10 domains 14 structures
11 , 14 structures
12 the 13 first
12 the 14 structures
14 structures 15 of
14 structures 21 ,
15 of 18 domains
16 telomerase 18 domains
17 protein 18 domains
18 domains 19 beyond
19 beyond 20 tert
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 complexes
22 and 25 with
23 their 24 complexes
25 with 27 or
26 ter 27 or
27 or 29 single
28 telomeric 29 single
30 - 33 ,
31 stranded 32 dna
31 stranded 33 ,
33 , 34 were
34 were 35 reported

together these studies provide the first glimpse into the organization of the proteins and rna in the telomerase rnp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 together 3 studies
2 these 3 studies
3 studies 4 provide
4 provide 7 glimpse
4 provide 8 into
4 provide 16 in
5 the 7 glimpse
6 first 7 glimpse
8 into 10 organization
9 the 10 organization
10 organization 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 the 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 and
14 and 15 rna
16 in 19 rnp
17 the 18 telomerase
18 telomerase 19 rnp

the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) signaling [pathway] is a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 target
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 target
2 mammalian 3 target
3 target 4 of
3 target 9 signaling
3 target 11 is
4 of 5 rapamycin
5 rapamycin 7 mtor
6 ( 7 mtor
7 mtor 8 )
11 is 14 regulator
12 a 14 regulator
13 master 14 regulator
14 regulator 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 cell 17 growth
17 growth 18 and
18 and 19 metabolism

deregulation of the mtor pathway has been implicated in a number of human diseases such as cancer , diabetes , obesity , neurological diseases , and genetic disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 deregulation 2 of
1 deregulation 6 has
2 of 5 pathway
3 the 5 pathway
4 mtor 5 pathway
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 implicated
8 implicated 9 in
9 in 14 diseases
10 a 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 14 diseases
12 of 14 diseases
13 human 14 diseases
14 diseases 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 26 and
17 cancer 18 ,
18 , 19 diabetes
18 , 20 ,
20 , 21 obesity
20 , 22 ,
22 , 24 diseases
22 , 26 and
23 neurological 24 diseases
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 disorders
27 genetic 28 disorders

rapamycin , a specific inhibitor of mtor , has been shown to be useful in the treatment of certain diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rapamycin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 rapamycin 5 inhibitor
1 rapamycin 9 has
2 , 5 inhibitor
3 a 4 specific
3 a 5 inhibitor
4 specific 5 inhibitor
5 inhibitor 6 of
5 inhibitor 8 ,
6 of 7 mtor
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 shown
11 shown 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 useful
14 useful 15 in
15 in 17 treatment
16 the 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 certain 20 diseases

here we discuss its mechanism of action and highlight recent findings regarding the effects and limitations of rapamycin monotherapy and the potential utility of combination therapy with rapamycin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 8 and
3 discuss 5 mechanism
3 discuss 8 and
4 its 5 mechanism
5 mechanism 6 of
6 of 7 action
8 and 9 highlight
8 and 27 with
9 highlight 20 and
10 recent 11 findings
11 findings 12 regarding
11 findings 15 and
12 regarding 14 effects
13 the 14 effects
15 and 16 limitations
15 and 17 of
15 and 20 and
17 of 19 monotherapy
18 rapamycin 19 monotherapy
20 and 23 utility
20 and 24 of
21 the 23 utility
22 potential 23 utility
24 of 26 therapy
25 combination 26 therapy
27 with 28 rapamycin

very frail elderly patients living in the community , present complex needs and [have] a higher rate of hospital admissions with emergency [department] ( ed ) visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 visits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 very 2 frail
2 frail 4 patients
3 elderly 4 patients
4 patients 5 living
4 patients 9 ,
5 living 6 in
6 in 8 community
7 the 8 community
9 , 12 needs
9 , 13 and
10 present 12 needs
11 complex 12 needs
13 and 17 rate
13 and 18 of
13 and 25 ed
13 and 27 visits
15 a 17 rate
16 higher 17 rate
18 of 20 admissions
19 hospital 20 admissions
20 admissions 21 with
21 with 22 emergency
24 ( 25 ed
25 ed 26 )

here , we evaluated the impact on hospital admissions of the copa model ( co - ordination personnes agées ) , which provides integrated primary care with intensive case management for community [-] dwelling , very frail elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 6 impact
4 evaluated 7 on
5 the 6 impact
7 on 9 admissions
8 hospital 9 admissions
9 admissions 10 of
9 admissions 15 co
10 of 13 model
11 the 13 model
12 copa 13 model
14 ( 15 co
15 co 19 agées
15 co 21 ,
16 - 19 agées
17 ordination 19 agées
18 personnes 19 agées
19 agées 20 )
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 provides
21 , 35 ,
22 which 23 provides
23 provides 26 care
23 provides 27 with
23 provides 31 for
24 integrated 26 care
25 primary 26 care
27 with 30 management
28 intensive 29 case
29 case 30 management
31 for 34 dwelling
32 community 34 dwelling
35 , 39 patients
36 very 37 frail
37 frail 39 patients
38 elderly 39 patients

we used [a] quasi - experimental study in an urban district of paris with four hundred twenty - eight very frail patients ( 105 in the intervention group and 323 in [the] control group ) with one [-] year follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 quasi
2 used 42 up
4 quasi 7 study
5 - 7 study
6 experimental 7 study
7 study 8 in
7 study 41 -
8 in 11 district
9 an 11 district
10 urban 11 district
11 district 12 of
11 district 14 with
11 district 22 patients
12 of 13 paris
14 with 17 twenty
15 four 16 hundred
16 hundred 17 twenty
18 - 22 patients
19 eight 22 patients
20 very 21 frail
21 frail 22 patients
22 patients 24 105
22 patients 41 -
23 ( 24 105
24 105 25 in
24 105 41 -
25 in 27 intervention
26 the 27 intervention
27 intervention 29 and
27 intervention 40 follow
28 group 29 and
29 and 34 group
29 and 35 )
29 and 36 with
29 and 40 follow
30 323 31 in
31 in 34 group
33 control 34 group
36 with 39 year
37 one 39 year

the primary outcome measures were the presence of any unplanned hospitalization ( via the ed ) , any planned hospitalizations ( direct admission , no ed visit ) and any hospitalization overall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 4 measures
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measures
4 measures 5 were
5 were 29 and
6 the 7 presence
7 presence 8 of
7 presence 29 and
8 of 11 hospitalization
9 any 11 hospitalization
10 unplanned 11 hospitalization
11 hospitalization 13 via
11 hospitalization 20 hospitalizations
12 ( 13 via
13 via 15 ed
13 via 16 )
14 the 15 ed
17 , 20 hospitalizations
18 any 20 hospitalizations
19 planned 20 hospitalizations
20 hospitalizations 23 admission
20 hospitalizations 27 visit
20 hospitalizations 28 )
21 ( 23 admission
22 direct 23 admission
23 admission 24 ,
24 , 27 visit
25 no 27 visit
26 ed 27 visit
27 visit 28 )
29 and 32 overall
30 any 32 overall
31 hospitalization 32 overall

secondary outcome measures included health parameters assessed with the rai - hc ( resident assessment instrument - home care ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 secondary 3 measures
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 included
4 included 6 parameters
5 health 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 assessed
6 parameters 8 with
6 parameters 19 care
8 with 10 rai
9 the 10 rai
10 rai 12 hc
11 - 12 hc
12 hc 16 instrument
12 hc 17 -
13 ( 16 instrument
14 resident 15 assessment
15 assessment 16 instrument
16 instrument 17 -
17 - 19 care
18 home 19 care
19 care 20 )

comparing the intervention group with the control group , the risk of having at least one unplanned hospital admission decreased at one year and the planned hospital admissions rate increased , without a significant change in total hospital admissions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 decreased
1 comparing 4 group
1 comparing 5 with
1 comparing 9 ,
1 comparing 11 risk
2 the 4 group
3 intervention 4 group
5 with 8 group
6 the 8 group
7 control 8 group
10 the 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
11 risk 20 decreased
12 of 13 having
13 having 19 admission
14 at 15 least
15 least 16 one
16 one 19 admission
17 unplanned 19 admission
18 hospital 19 admission
20 decreased 21 at
20 decreased 32 without
21 at 24 and
22 one 23 year
23 year 24 and
24 and 29 rate
24 and 30 increased
25 the 29 rate
26 planned 27 hospital
27 hospital 29 rate
28 admissions 29 rate
31 , 32 without
32 without 35 change
32 without 40 .
33 a 34 significant
33 a 35 change
34 significant 35 change
35 change 36 in
36 in 39 admissions
37 total 39 admissions
38 hospital 39 admissions

among patients in the intervention group , there was less risk of depression and dyspnea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 among 2 patients
1 among 7 ,
1 among 8 there
2 patients 3 in
3 in 6 group
4 the 6 group
5 intervention 6 group
8 there 9 was
9 was 11 risk
10 less 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 depression 14 and
14 and 15 dyspnea

the copa model improves the quality of care provided to very frail elderly patients by reducing unplanned hospitalizations [and] improving some health parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 model
2 copa 3 model
3 model 4 improves
4 improves 6 quality
4 improves 10 to
4 improves 15 by
5 the 6 quality
6 quality 7 of
7 of 8 care
8 care 9 provided
10 to 14 patients
11 very 12 frail
12 frail 14 patients
13 elderly 14 patients
15 by 16 reducing
16 reducing 18 hospitalizations
17 unplanned 18 hospitalizations
18 hospitalizations 20 improving
20 improving 23 parameters
21 some 23 parameters
22 health 23 parameters

objectives : decision aids are effective to improve [decision] - making , yet they are rarely tested in nursing homes ( nhs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aids
2 : 17 tested
2 : 24 .
3 decision 4 aids
4 aids 5 are
5 are 6 effective
6 effective 7 to
6 effective 8 improve
7 to 8 improve
8 improve 11 making
8 improve 13 yet
10 - 11 making
11 making 12 ,
13 yet 14 they
14 they 15 are
15 are 17 tested
16 rarely 17 tested
17 tested 18 in
18 in 19 nursing
19 nursing 20 homes
20 homes 22 nhs
21 ( 22 nhs
22 nhs 23 )

study objectives [were] [to] ( 1 ) examine the feasibility [of] [a] goals of care ( goc ) [decision] aid for surrogate [decision] - makers ( sdms ) of persons with dementia [;] [and] ( 2 ) to test its effect on quality of communication and decision - making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examine
1 study 2 objectives
2 objectives 6 1
2 objectives 8 examine
5 ( 6 1
6 1 7 )
8 examine 10 feasibility
9 the 10 feasibility
10 feasibility 13 goals
10 feasibility 20 aid
13 goals 14 of
13 goals 20 aid
14 of 15 care
15 care 17 goc
16 ( 17 goc
17 goc 18 )
20 aid 21 for
21 for 22 surrogate
22 surrogate 25 makers
22 surrogate 29 of
24 - 25 makers
25 makers 27 sdms
25 makers 28 )
26 ( 27 sdms
27 sdms 28 )
29 of 30 persons
30 persons 31 with
30 persons 38 to
30 persons 39 test
31 with 32 dementia
32 dementia 36 2
35 ( 36 2
36 2 37 )
38 to 39 test
39 test 41 effect
39 test 42 on
39 test 49 making
40 its 41 effect
42 on 43 quality
43 quality 44 of
44 of 46 and
45 communication 46 and
46 and 47 decision
48 - 49 making
49 making 50 .

design : pre - post intervention to test a goc decision aid intervention for sdms for persons with dementia in nhs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 pre
4 - 5 post
4 - 22 .
5 post 6 intervention
5 post 7 to
5 post 20 in
7 to 8 test
8 test 13 intervention
8 test 16 for
9 a 13 intervention
10 goc 13 intervention
11 decision 12 aid
12 aid 13 intervention
13 intervention 14 for
14 for 15 sdms
16 for 17 persons
17 persons 18 with
18 with 19 dementia
20 in 21 nhs

investigators collected data from reviews of resident health records and interviews with sdms at baseline and 3 [-] month follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 investigators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 investigators 2 collected
2 collected 3 data
2 collected 14 at
3 data 4 from
3 data 6 of
4 from 5 reviews
6 of 8 health
7 resident 8 health
8 health 10 and
9 records 10 and
10 and 11 interviews
10 and 12 with
12 with 13 sdms
14 at 15 baseline
16 and 19 month
16 and 20 follow
17 3 19 month
19 month 20 follow
20 follow 22 up
21 - 22 up
22 up 23 .

setting : two nhs in north carolina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 7 carolina
3 two 7 carolina
4 nhs 5 in
4 nhs 7 carolina
5 in 6 north

participants : eighteen residents who were over 65 years of age , had moderate to severe dementia on the global deterioration scale ( 5 , 6 [,] or 7 ) , and an english - speaking surrogate decision - maker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 residents
2 : 39 -
3 eighteen 4 residents
4 residents 5 who
4 residents 12 ,
5 who 12 ,
6 were 7 over
6 were 12 ,
7 over 9 years
8 65 9 years
9 years 10 of
10 of 11 age
12 , 13 had
13 had 32 and
14 moderate 15 to
14 moderate 18 on
14 moderate 32 and
15 to 17 dementia
16 severe 17 dementia
18 on 22 scale
19 the 22 scale
20 global 22 scale
21 deterioration 22 scale
22 scale 24 5
23 ( 24 5
24 5 28 or
24 5 31 ,
25 , 28 or
26 6 28 or
28 or 29 7
28 or 30 )
31 , 32 and
32 and 38 decision
33 an 34 english
33 an 38 decision
34 english 35 -
34 english 37 surrogate
36 speaking 37 surrogate
37 surrogate 38 decision
39 - 40 maker
39 - 41 .

intervention [:] ( 1 ) goc decision aid video viewed by the sdm [and] ( 2 ) a structured care plan meeting between the sdm and interdisciplinary nh team . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 video
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 viewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 intervention 4 1
1 intervention 9 video
3 ( 4 1
4 1 5 )
6 goc 8 aid
7 decision 8 aid
8 aid 9 video
9 video 10 viewed
10 viewed 11 by
10 viewed 21 plan
10 viewed 23 between
11 by 13 sdm
12 the 13 sdm
13 sdm 16 2
15 ( 16 2
16 2 17 )
18 a 21 plan
19 structured 20 care
20 care 21 plan
21 plan 22 meeting
23 between 26 and
24 the 25 sdm
25 sdm 26 and
26 and 29 team
27 interdisciplinary 28 nh
28 nh 29 team

measurements : surrogate knowledge , quality of communication with health care providers , surrogate - provider concordance on goals of care , and palliative care domains addressed in the care plan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 4 knowledge
3 surrogate 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 6 quality
5 , 6 quality
6 quality 7 of
6 quality 9 with
6 quality 13 ,
7 of 8 communication
9 with 12 providers
10 health 12 providers
11 care 12 providers
13 , 14 surrogate
13 , 15 -
15 - 23 and
15 - 31 plan
15 - 32 .
16 provider 17 concordance
17 concordance 18 on
17 concordance 23 and
18 on 19 goals
19 goals 20 of
20 of 21 care
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 domains
23 and 27 addressed
23 and 31 plan
24 palliative 25 care
25 care 26 domains
27 addressed 28 in
28 in 30 care
29 the 30 care

results : eighty - nine percent of the sdms thought the decision aid was relevant to their needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 percent
2 : 16 to
3 eighty 4 -
4 - 5 nine
4 - 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
7 of 9 sdms
8 the 9 sdms
9 sdms 10 thought
10 thought 13 aid
10 thought 14 was
11 the 13 aid
12 decision 13 aid
13 aid 14 was
14 was 15 relevant
16 to 18 needs
17 their 18 needs

after viewing the video decision aid , sdms increased the number of correct responses on knowledge - based questions ( 12.5 vs 14.2 ; p < . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 after 2 viewing
1 after 6 aid
2 viewing 4 video
3 the 4 video
5 decision 6 aid
6 aid 9 increased
6 aid 18 based
7 , 9 increased
8 sdms 9 increased
9 increased 14 responses
9 increased 17 -
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 14 responses
12 of 14 responses
13 correct 14 responses
14 responses 15 on
15 on 16 knowledge
18 based 19 questions
19 questions 21 12.5
20 ( 21 12.5
21 12.5 22 vs
21 12.5 24 ;
22 vs 23 14.2
24 ; 25 p
24 ; 26 <
25 p 26 <
27 . 28 001
27 . 30 )(

at 3 months , they reported improved quality of communication scores ( 6.1 vs 6.8 [;] p = [.] 01 ) and improved concordance on primary goal [of] care with nh [team] ( 50 % vs 78 % ; p = . 003 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 4 ,
1 at 5 they
2 3 3 months
5 they 22 and
6 reported 8 quality
6 reported 22 and
7 improved 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 11 scores
10 communication 11 scores
11 scores 13 6.1
12 ( 13 6.1
13 6.1 14 vs
13 6.1 18 =
13 6.1 21 )
14 vs 15 6.8
17 p 18 =
18 = 20 01
22 and 23 improved
23 improved 24 concordance
24 concordance 25 on
24 concordance 30 with
25 on 29 care
26 primary 29 care
27 goal 29 care
30 with 31 nh
31 nh 35 %
33 ( 35 %
34 50 35 %
35 % 36 vs
35 % 39 ;
36 vs 38 %
37 78 38 %
39 ; 40 p
39 ; 41 =
40 p 41 =
42 . 43 003
42 . 45 )(

the number of palliative care domains addressed [in] the care plan increased ( 1.8 vs 4.3 ; p < . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 domains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 6 domains
3 of 6 domains
4 palliative 6 domains
5 care 6 domains
6 domains 7 addressed
7 addressed 11 plan
9 the 11 plan
10 care 11 plan
11 plan 12 increased
11 plan 14 1.8
13 ( 14 1.8
14 1.8 15 vs
14 1.8 17 ;
15 vs 16 4.3
17 ; 18 p
17 ; 19 <
18 p 19 <
20 . 21 001
20 . 23 )(

conclusions : the decision - support intervention piloted in this study was feasible and relevant for surrogate decision [-] makers of persons with advanced dementia in nhs , and it improved quality of communication between sdm and nh providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 decision
3 the 4 decision
4 decision 7 intervention
5 - 7 intervention
6 support 7 intervention
7 intervention 8 piloted
7 intervention 11 study
7 intervention 12 was
7 intervention 23 with
7 intervention 28 ,
8 piloted 9 in
9 in 10 this
11 study 12 was
12 was 14 and
12 was 16 for
13 feasible 14 and
14 and 15 relevant
16 for 20 makers
17 surrogate 20 makers
18 decision 20 makers
20 makers 21 of
21 of 22 persons
23 with 25 dementia
24 advanced 25 dementia
25 dementia 26 in
26 in 27 nhs
29 and 30 it
29 and 31 improved
30 it 31 improved
31 improved 32 quality
31 improved 35 between
32 quality 33 of
33 of 34 communication
35 between 37 and
36 sdm 37 and
37 and 39 providers
38 nh 39 providers

a larger randomized clinical trial is underway to provide further evidence of the effects of this decision aid intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 5 trial
2 larger 5 trial
3 randomized 5 trial
4 clinical 5 trial
5 trial 6 is
6 is 7 underway
7 underway 8 to
7 underway 9 provide
8 to 9 provide
9 provide 11 evidence
10 further 11 evidence
11 evidence 12 of
12 of 14 effects
13 the 14 effects
14 effects 15 of
15 of 19 intervention
16 this 19 intervention
17 decision 19 intervention
18 aid 19 intervention

apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) [ε] [genotype] has previously been significantly associated with cognitive , brain imaging , and alzheimer 's disease - related [phenotypes] ( e.g [.] , age [of] [onset] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 apoe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 apolipoprotein 2 e
1 apolipoprotein 4 apoe
3 ( 4 apoe
4 apoe 5 )
4 apoe 8 has
8 has 10 been
9 previously 10 been
10 been 12 associated
11 significantly 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 19 and
14 cognitive 15 ,
14 cognitive 16 brain
16 brain 17 imaging
17 imaging 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 disease
19 and 23 -
19 and 24 related
19 and 30 age
20 alzheimer 21 's
21 's 22 disease
26 ( 30 age
27 e.g 29 ,
27 e.g 30 age
30 age 33 )

in the tomm40 gene , the rs10524523 ( " 523 " ) variable length [poly] [-] t repeat polymorphism has more recently been associated with similar ph/enotypes , although the allelic directions of these associations have varied between initial reports . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 polymorphism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 4 gene
1 in 5 ,
1 in 19 polymorphism
2 the 4 gene
3 tomm40 4 gene
6 the 19 polymorphism
7 rs10524523 10 523
7 rs10524523 12 )
7 rs10524523 14 length
8 ( 9 "
8 ( 10 523
10 523 11 "
10 523 12 )
13 variable 14 length
14 length 17 t
14 length 19 polymorphism
18 repeat 19 polymorphism
19 polymorphism 20 has
20 has 23 been
21 more 22 recently
22 recently 23 been
23 been 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 29 although
25 with 27 ph/enotypes
26 similar 27 ph/enotypes
28 , 29 although
29 although 32 directions
30 the 32 directions
31 allelic 32 directions
32 directions 33 of
32 directions 36 have
33 of 35 associations
34 these 35 associations
36 have 37 varied
37 varied 38 between
38 between 40 reports
39 initial 40 reports

using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography , the present study aimed to investigate whether there are independent effects of apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) [and] tomm40 genotypes on human brain white matter integrity in a community - dwelling sample of older adults [,] the lothian birth cohort 1936 [(] mean age = 72.70 years , standard deviation [=] 0.74 , n [approximately] = 640 - 650 [;] for most analyses [ )( 
1 using 6 tractography
1 using 7 ,
1 using 10 study
2 diffusion 6 tractography
3 magnetic 4 resonance
4 resonance 6 tractography
5 imaging 6 tractography
8 the 10 study
9 present 10 study
10 study 11 aimed
10 study 12 to
10 study 13 investigate
10 study 16 are
12 to 13 investigate
13 investigate 14 whether
14 whether 15 there
16 are 18 effects
17 independent 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
18 effects 26 tomm40
18 effects 27 genotypes
19 of 20 apolipoprotein
20 apolipoprotein 21 e
20 apolipoprotein 23 apoe
22 ( 23 apoe
23 apoe 24 )
26 tomm40 27 genotypes
27 genotypes 28 on
27 genotypes 38 dwelling
28 on 33 integrity
29 human 30 brain
30 brain 31 white
31 white 33 integrity
32 matter 33 integrity
33 integrity 34 in
34 in 36 community
35 a 36 community
37 - 38 dwelling
38 dwelling 39 sample
39 sample 40 of
40 of 42 adults
41 older 42 adults
42 adults 51 age
42 adults 52 =
44 the 51 age
45 lothian 51 age
46 birth 47 cohort
47 cohort 48 1936
47 cohort 51 age
50 mean 51 age
51 age 52 =
52 = 63 =
53 72.70 54 years
54 years 57 deviation
55 , 57 deviation
56 standard 57 deviation
57 deviation 59 0.74
57 deviation 60 ,
60 , 63 =
61 n 63 =
63 = 64 640
64 640 66 650
65 - 66 650
66 650 68 for
66 650 72 )(
68 for 70 analyses
69 most 70 analyses

some nominally significant effects were observed [(] i.e . , covariate - adjusted differences [between] genotype groups [at] p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 some 4 effects
2 nominally 3 significant
3 significant 4 effects
4 effects 5 were
5 were 8 i.e
6 observed 8 i.e
9 . 14 differences
9 . 16 genotype
9 . 23 .
10 , 11 covariate
11 covariate 12 -
11 covariate 14 differences
13 adjusted 14 differences
14 differences 16 genotype
16 genotype 17 groups
17 groups 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.05
20 < 22 )

for apoe , deleterious effects of ε4 " risk " allele presence [(] vs [.] [absence] [ )(were found in the right ventral cingulum and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 allele
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 for 2 apoe
1 for 3 ,
1 for 5 effects
4 deleterious 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 11 allele
6 of 9 risk
7 ε4 8 "
7 ε4 9 risk
9 risk 10 "
11 allele 12 presence
12 presence 14 vs
14 vs 25 and
18 )(were 19 found
18 )(were 25 and
19 found 20 in
20 in 24 cingulum
21 the 24 cingulum
22 right 24 cingulum
23 ventral 24 cingulum
25 and 26 left
26 left 29 fasciculus
27 inferior 29 fasciculus
28 longitudinal 29 fasciculus

to test for biologically independent effects of the tomm40 523 repeat , participants were stratified into apoe [genotype] subgroups , so that any significant effects could not be attributed to apoe variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 to 2 test
2 test 3 for
2 test 10 523
2 test 11 repeat
3 for 6 effects
4 biologically 5 independent
5 independent 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 9 tomm40
8 the 9 tomm40
10 523 11 repeat
12 , 13 participants
12 , 15 stratified
13 participants 14 were
14 were 15 stratified
15 stratified 16 into
15 stratified 22 that
16 into 19 subgroups
17 apoe 19 subgroups
20 , 22 that
21 so 22 that
22 that 25 effects
22 that 29 attributed
22 that 33 .
23 any 25 effects
24 significant 25 effects
25 effects 26 could
26 could 27 not
26 could 28 be
28 be 29 attributed
29 attributed 30 to
30 to 32 variation
31 apoe 32 variation

in participants with the apoe ε3/ε4 [genotype] , effects of tomm40 523 status were found in the left uncinate fasciculus , left rostral cingulum , left ventral cingulum , and a general factor of white matter integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 participants
1 in 9 effects
2 participants 3 with
3 with 5 apoe
4 the 5 apoe
6 ε3/ε4 8 ,
6 ε3/ε4 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
9 effects 14 were
10 of 13 status
11 tomm40 12 523
11 tomm40 13 status
14 were 15 found
15 found 16 in
16 in 20 fasciculus
17 the 20 fasciculus
18 left 20 fasciculus
19 uncinate 20 fasciculus
21 , 30 and
22 left 24 cingulum
23 rostral 24 cingulum
24 cingulum 25 ,
25 , 28 cingulum
25 , 30 and
26 left 28 cingulum
27 ventral 28 cingulum
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 factor
31 a 33 factor
32 general 33 factor
33 factor 34 of
34 of 37 integrity
35 white 37 integrity
36 matter 37 integrity

in all 4 of these tractography measures , carriers of the tomm40 523 " short " allele showed lower white matter integrity when compared with carriers of the " long " and " very [-] long " alleles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 carriers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 white
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 3 4
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 carriers
2 all 3 4
3 4 4 of
4 of 7 measures
5 these 7 measures
6 tractography 7 measures
9 carriers 10 of
9 carriers 17 allele
9 carriers 18 showed
9 carriers 20 white
10 of 12 tomm40
11 the 12 tomm40
12 tomm40 13 523
13 523 14 "
15 short 16 "
15 short 17 allele
17 allele 18 showed
18 showed 19 lower
20 white 22 integrity
20 white 23 when
20 white 25 with
21 matter 22 integrity
23 when 24 compared
25 with 26 carriers
26 carriers 27 of
27 of 38 alleles
28 the 29 "
28 the 38 alleles
30 long 31 "
30 long 32 and
32 and 33 "
32 and 36 long
32 and 38 alleles
34 very 36 long
36 long 37 "

most of these effects survived correction for childhood intelligence test scores and vascular disease history , though only the effect of tomm40 523 on the left ventral cingulum integrity survived correction for false discovery rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 survived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 4 effects
2 of 4 effects
3 these 4 effects
4 effects 5 survived
5 survived 6 correction
6 correction 7 for
7 for 12 and
8 childhood 11 scores
9 intelligence 11 scores
10 test 11 scores
11 scores 12 and
12 and 15 history
13 vascular 14 disease
14 disease 15 history
16 , 35 rate
17 though 18 only
17 though 30 survived
17 though 35 rate
18 only 20 effect
19 the 20 effect
20 effect 21 of
20 effect 30 survived
21 of 22 tomm40
22 tomm40 23 523
22 tomm40 24 on
24 on 29 integrity
25 the 29 integrity
26 left 29 integrity
27 ventral 28 cingulum
28 cingulum 29 integrity
30 survived 31 correction
30 survived 32 for
32 for 34 discovery
33 false 34 discovery

the effects of apoe in this older population are more specific and restricted compared [with] those reported in previous studies , and the effects of tomm40 on white matter integrity appear to be novel , [although] [replication] is required in large independent samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 9 are
3 of 4 apoe
4 apoe 5 in
5 in 8 population
6 this 8 population
7 older 8 population
9 are 11 specific
10 more 11 specific
12 and 30 integrity
12 and 35 ,
13 restricted 29 matter
14 compared 29 matter
16 those 17 reported
16 those 22 and
17 reported 18 in
18 in 20 studies
19 previous 20 studies
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 effects
22 and 25 of
22 and 29 matter
23 the 24 effects
25 of 26 tomm40
26 tomm40 27 on
27 on 28 white
29 matter 30 integrity
30 integrity 35 ,
31 appear 32 to
31 appear 33 be
31 appear 35 ,
32 to 33 be
33 be 34 novel
35 , 38 is
38 is 39 required
39 required 40 in
40 in 43 samples
41 large 43 samples
42 independent 43 samples

background : appearance - based education shows promise in promoting sunscreen use although [resource] - intensive methods used in prior studies preclude wide dissemination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 preclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 appearance
4 - 7 shows
4 - 8 promise
5 based 6 education
6 education 7 shows
7 shows 8 promise
8 promise 9 in
9 in 10 promoting
10 promoting 12 use
10 promoting 13 although
11 sunscreen 12 use
13 although 15 -
15 - 17 methods
16 intensive 17 methods
17 methods 18 used
17 methods 22 preclude
18 used 19 in
19 in 21 studies
20 prior 21 studies
22 preclude 24 dissemination
23 wide 24 dissemination

appearance - based video education can be made easily accessible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 appearance 2 -
1 appearance 5 education
3 based 4 video
4 video 5 education
5 education 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 made
8 made 9 easily
8 made 10 accessible

objective : we sought to compare the effectiveness [of] appearance - based video education with that of health - based video education in improving sunscreen use and knowledge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 sought
2 : 29 .
3 we 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 22 education
4 sought 23 in
5 to 6 compare
6 compare 10 appearance
7 the 10 appearance
8 effectiveness 10 appearance
10 appearance 14 education
11 - 14 education
12 based 13 video
13 video 14 education
14 education 15 with
14 education 17 of
14 education 19 -
15 with 16 that
17 of 18 health
20 based 21 video
21 video 22 education
23 in 24 improving
24 improving 27 and
25 sunscreen 26 use
26 use 27 and
27 and 28 knowledge

design : in a randomized controlled trial , participants viewed either an appearance - based video on ultraviolet - induced premature aging or [a] health - based video emphasizing ultraviolet exposure and skin cancer risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 trial
4 a 7 trial
5 randomized 7 trial
6 controlled 7 trial
8 , 9 participants
8 , 10 viewed
8 , 26 -
9 participants 10 viewed
10 viewed 11 either
10 viewed 13 appearance
12 an 13 appearance
13 appearance 23 or
14 - 23 or
15 based 16 video
16 video 17 on
16 video 23 or
17 on 22 aging
18 ultraviolet 19 -
18 ultraviolet 22 aging
20 induced 22 aging
21 premature 22 aging
23 or 25 health
23 or 26 -
26 - 32 and
26 - 36 .
27 based 28 video
27 based 32 and
28 video 29 emphasizing
29 emphasizing 31 exposure
30 ultraviolet 31 exposure
32 and 33 skin
33 skin 35 risk
34 cancer 35 risk

results : fifty high - school students participated in the study , conducted from february through march 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 7 students
2 : 12 ,
3 fifty 7 students
4 high 5 -
4 high 7 students
6 school 7 students
7 students 12 ,
8 participated 9 in
8 participated 12 ,
9 in 11 study
10 the 11 study
12 , 13 conducted
12 , 16 through
13 conducted 14 from
14 from 15 february
16 through 17 march
17 march 18 2012

the health [-] based group had a nonstatistically significant increase in sunscreen use [(] 0.9 ± 1.9 d / [wk] , p = [.] 096 ) , [whereas] the appearance - based group demonstrated a statistically significant [increase] in sunscreen use ( 2.8 ± 2.2 , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
1 the 5 group
2 health 4 based
4 based 5 group
5 group 6 had
6 had 10 increase
6 had 11 in
6 had 16 ±
7 a 10 increase
8 nonstatistically 9 significant
9 significant 10 increase
11 in 13 use
12 sunscreen 13 use
13 use 15 0.9
16 ± 19 /
17 1.9 18 d
18 d 19 /
19 / 23 =
19 / 31 -
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 25 096
23 = 26 )
27 , 31 -
29 the 30 appearance
30 appearance 31 -
31 - 41 use
32 based 41 use
33 group 34 demonstrated
34 demonstrated 41 use
35 a 39 in
36 statistically 37 significant
37 significant 39 in
39 in 40 sunscreen
40 sunscreen 41 use
41 use 44 ±
42 ( 44 ±
43 2.8 44 ±
44 ± 45 2.2
44 ± 48 <
44 ± 52 .
46 , 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 50 001
48 < 51 )

[between] - group comparisons revealed that the appearance - based group applied sunscreen at significantly greater frequencies compared with the health - based group [(] 2.2 ± 1.4 vs 0.2 ± 0.6 , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 - 4 comparisons
3 group 4 comparisons
4 comparisons 5 revealed
5 revealed 6 that
6 that 8 appearance
6 that 23 based
7 the 8 appearance
8 appearance 13 sunscreen
8 appearance 23 based
9 - 13 sunscreen
10 based 13 sunscreen
11 group 12 applied
12 applied 13 sunscreen
13 sunscreen 14 at
13 sunscreen 22 -
14 at 17 frequencies
15 significantly 16 greater
16 greater 17 frequencies
17 frequencies 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
19 with 21 health
20 the 21 health
23 based 27 ±
24 group 27 ±
26 2.2 27 ±
27 ± 28 1.4
27 ± 29 vs
29 vs 31 ±
30 0.2 31 ±
31 ± 35 <
32 0.6 35 <
33 , 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 37 001
35 < 38 )

knowledge scores significantly improved in both study groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 knowledge 2 scores
2 scores 4 improved
2 scores 7 study
3 significantly 4 improved
4 improved 5 in
5 in 6 both
7 study 8 groups

the difference in knowledge scores between the study groups was not significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 in
2 difference 10 was
3 in 5 scores
4 knowledge 5 scores
5 scores 6 between
6 between 9 groups
7 the 9 groups
8 study 9 groups
10 was 11 not
10 was 12 significant
11 not 12 significant

limitations : the study population may not reflect the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 limitations 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 population
4 study 8 reflect
5 population 6 may
6 may 7 not
6 may 8 reflect
8 reflect 11 population
9 the 11 population
10 general 11 population

conclusion : appearance - based video education appears to be effective in promoting sunscreen use and knowledge in adolescents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 appearance
4 - 6 video
5 based 6 video
6 video 7 education
6 video 13 promoting
7 education 8 appears
8 appears 9 to
8 appears 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 effective
11 effective 12 in
12 in 13 promoting
13 promoting 16 and
13 promoting 18 in
14 sunscreen 15 use
15 use 16 and
16 and 17 knowledge
18 in 19 adolescents

the present study investigated the effects of a single intravenous ( i.v [.] ) dose of vitamin c ( ascorbate , asc ) on spatial memory in app/psen1 mice , an alzheimer 's disease model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effects
4 investigated 24 on
4 investigated 27 in
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 16 of
7 of 15 dose
8 a 15 dose
9 single 15 dose
10 intravenous 12 i.v
10 intravenous 15 dose
11 ( 12 i.v
12 i.v 14 )
16 of 17 vitamin
17 vitamin 18 c
17 vitamin 20 ascorbate
19 ( 20 ascorbate
20 ascorbate 22 asc
20 ascorbate 23 )
21 , 22 asc
22 asc 23 )
24 on 26 memory
25 spatial 26 memory
27 in 29 mice
28 app/psen1 29 mice
30 , 35 model
31 an 32 alzheimer
32 alzheimer 33 's
33 's 35 model
34 disease 35 model

first , we confirmed the uptake time course in asc - depleted gulo [(] - [/] - [ )(mice , which cannot synthesize asc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 we
3 we 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 8 course
5 the 8 course
6 uptake 8 course
7 time 8 course
8 course 9 in
8 course 21 which
8 course 22 cannot
9 in 10 asc
10 asc 13 gulo
10 asc 19 )(mice
11 - 13 gulo
12 depleted 13 gulo
13 gulo 15 -
17 - 19 )(mice
19 )(mice 20 ,
21 which 22 cannot
22 cannot 23 synthesize
23 synthesize 24 asc

differential tissue uptake was seen based on asc transporter distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tissue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 differential 2 tissue
2 tissue 3 uptake
2 tissue 4 was
2 tissue 5 seen
2 tissue 6 based
3 uptake 4 was
6 based 7 on
6 based 10 distribution
7 on 8 asc
9 transporter 10 distribution

liver ( svct1 and svct2 ) asc was elevated at 30 , 60 and 120 min post - treatment ( 125 mg/kg , i.v . [ )(, whereas spleen ( svct2 ) asc increased at 60 and 120 min . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 asc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 i.v
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 liver 5 svct2
1 liver 7 asc
2 ( 5 svct2
3 svct1 4 and
4 and 5 svct2
5 svct2 6 )
7 asc 8 was
8 was 9 elevated
9 elevated 10 at
10 at 11 30
11 30 17 post
11 30 19 treatment
12 , 17 post
13 60 14 and
14 and 15 120
14 and 16 min
16 min 17 post
17 post 18 -
18 - 19 treatment
19 treatment 22 mg/kg
19 treatment 23 ,
20 ( 22 mg/kg
21 125 22 mg/kg
22 mg/kg 23 ,
23 , 24 i.v
25 . 33 asc
25 . 34 increased
27 )(, 28 whereas
28 whereas 29 spleen
28 whereas 32 )
28 whereas 33 asc
29 spleen 31 svct2
30 ( 31 svct2
31 svct2 32 )
33 asc 34 increased
34 increased 35 at
35 at 39 min
36 60 37 and
37 and 38 120
37 and 39 min
39 min 40 .

there was no detectable change in cortical ( svct2 at choroid plexus , and neurons ) asc within the 2 - h interval , although the cortex preferentially retained asc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 change
2 was 6 in
2 was 18 within
2 was 25 although
3 no 5 change
4 detectable 5 change
6 in 17 asc
7 cortical 9 svct2
7 cortical 16 )
7 cortical 17 asc
8 ( 9 svct2
9 svct2 10 at
9 svct2 16 )
10 at 14 and
11 choroid 12 plexus
12 plexus 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 neurons
18 within 23 interval
19 the 23 interval
20 2 21 -
21 - 22 h
21 - 23 interval
24 , 25 although
25 although 27 cortex
25 although 29 retained
25 although 31 .
26 the 27 cortex
27 cortex 29 retained
28 preferentially 29 retained
29 retained 30 asc

memory declined with age and asc treatment improved performance in 9 - [month] - old app/psen1 and wt mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 memory 2 declined
2 declined 3 with
3 with 4 age
5 and 7 treatment
5 and 8 improved
6 asc 7 treatment
7 treatment 8 improved
8 improved 9 performance
8 improved 10 in
10 in 12 -
11 9 12 -
12 - 14 -
14 - 19 mice
15 old 19 mice
16 app/psen1 17 and
17 and 18 wt
18 wt 19 mice

app/psen1 mice displayed no behavioral impairment relative to wt controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 app/psen1 2 mice
2 mice 3 displayed
3 displayed 6 impairment
4 no 6 impairment
5 behavioral 6 impairment
6 impairment 7 relative
7 relative 8 to
8 to 10 controls
9 wt 10 controls

although dopamine and metabolite dopac decreased in the nucleus accumbens with age , and improved spatial memory was correlated with increased dopamine in saline treated mice , acute asc treatment did not alter monoamine levels in the nucleus accumbens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 although 3 and
1 although 19 correlated
1 although 27 ,
2 dopamine 3 and
3 and 4 metabolite
3 and 5 dopac
3 and 18 was
3 and 19 correlated
5 dopac 6 decreased
5 dopac 11 with
5 dopac 18 was
6 decreased 7 in
7 in 10 accumbens
8 the 10 accumbens
9 nucleus 10 accumbens
11 with 14 and
12 age 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 memory
15 improved 17 memory
16 spatial 17 memory
19 correlated 20 with
19 correlated 23 in
20 with 22 dopamine
21 increased 22 dopamine
23 in 24 saline
25 treated 26 mice
25 treated 27 ,
27 , 33 alter
28 acute 30 treatment
29 asc 30 treatment
30 treatment 31 did
31 did 32 not
31 did 33 alter
33 alter 35 levels
34 monoamine 35 levels
35 levels 36 in
36 in 39 accumbens
37 the 39 accumbens
38 nucleus 39 accumbens

these data show that the modified y [-] maze is sensitive to age - related deficits , but not additional memory deficits due to amyloid pathology in app/psen1 mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 9 maze
4 that 10 is
5 the 9 maze
6 modified 7 y
6 modified 9 maze
9 maze 10 is
10 is 11 sensitive
11 sensitive 12 to
11 sensitive 18 but
11 sensitive 24 to
11 sensitive 27 in
12 to 13 age
13 age 16 deficits
14 - 16 deficits
15 related 16 deficits
16 deficits 17 ,
18 but 19 not
18 but 22 deficits
19 not 20 additional
20 additional 21 memory
21 memory 22 deficits
23 due 24 to
24 to 26 pathology
25 amyloid 26 pathology
27 in 29 mice
28 app/psen1 29 mice

they also suggest improvements in short - term spatial memory were not due to changes in the neuropathological features of ad or monoamine signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 they 3 suggest
2 also 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 improvements
3 suggest 11 were
4 improvements 5 in
4 improvements 11 were
5 in 10 memory
6 short 7 -
6 short 8 term
8 term 10 memory
9 spatial 10 memory
11 were 12 not
11 were 14 to
11 were 16 in
13 due 14 to
14 to 15 changes
16 in 19 features
17 the 19 features
18 neuropathological 19 features
19 features 20 of
19 features 24 signaling
20 of 22 or
21 ad 22 or
22 or 23 monoamine

advances in treatment have transformed human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) [infection] from an inexorable march to severe morbidity and premature death to a manageable chronic condition , often marked by good health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 advances 2 in
1 advances 28 ,
2 in 3 treatment
4 have 5 transformed
4 have 28 ,
5 transformed 8 virus
5 transformed 13 from
6 human 7 immunodeficiency
7 immunodeficiency 8 virus
8 virus 10 hiv
9 ( 10 hiv
10 hiv 11 )
13 from 20 and
14 an 15 inexorable
14 an 16 march
15 inexorable 16 march
16 march 17 to
16 march 20 and
17 to 19 morbidity
18 severe 19 morbidity
20 and 22 death
20 and 23 to
21 premature 22 death
23 to 27 condition
24 a 27 condition
25 manageable 27 condition
26 chronic 27 condition
28 , 30 marked
29 often 30 marked
30 marked 31 by
30 marked 33 health
32 good 33 health

thus , infected [individuals] [are] living long enough [that] there is a potential for interaction with normal senescence effects on various organ systems , including the brain . 
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 6 living
3 infected 6 living
6 living 7 long
6 living 11 is
7 long 8 enough
7 long 10 there
11 is 13 potential
11 is 16 with
12 a 13 potential
13 potential 14 for
14 for 15 interaction
16 with 19 effects
17 normal 18 senescence
18 senescence 19 effects
19 effects 20 on
20 on 23 systems
21 various 22 organ
22 organ 23 systems
23 systems 25 including
24 , 25 including
25 including 27 brain
25 including 28 .
26 the 27 brain

to examine this interaction , the brains of 51 individuals with hiv infection and 65 uninfected controls were studied using 351 magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of neuropsychological tests collected 2 or more times [over] follow - up periods ranging from 6 months to 8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 brains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 or
1 to 2 examine
1 to 5 ,
1 to 7 brains
2 examine 4 interaction
3 this 4 interaction
6 the 7 brains
7 brains 8 of
7 brains 18 were
8 of 14 and
9 51 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 with
10 individuals 14 and
11 with 13 infection
12 hiv 13 infection
14 and 17 controls
15 65 17 controls
16 uninfected 17 controls
18 were 19 studied
19 studied 20 using
20 using 21 351
21 351 25 and
21 351 31 collected
22 magnetic 24 imaging
23 resonance 24 imaging
24 imaging 25 and
25 and 27 battery
25 and 28 of
25 and 31 collected
26 a 27 battery
28 of 30 tests
29 neuropsychological 30 tests
31 collected 32 2
33 or 34 more
33 or 35 times
33 or 37 follow
35 times 37 follow
37 follow 39 up
38 - 39 up
39 up 40 periods
39 up 48 .
40 periods 41 ranging
40 periods 42 from
42 from 45 to
43 6 44 months
44 months 45 to
45 to 47 years
46 8 47 years

brain tissue regions of interest showed expected age - related decrease in volume ; cerebrospinal fluid - filled spaces showed [increase] in volume for both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 brain 2 tissue
2 tissue 3 regions
3 regions 4 of
3 regions 6 showed
4 of 5 interest
6 showed 8 age
7 expected 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 decrease
10 related 12 in
10 related 14 ;
12 in 13 volume
14 ; 19 spaces
14 ; 20 showed
15 cerebrospinal 19 spaces
16 fluid 17 -
16 fluid 19 spaces
18 filled 19 spaces
19 spaces 20 showed
20 showed 22 in
20 showed 23 volume
20 showed 24 for
24 for 26 groups
25 both 26 groups

although hiv - infected individuals were in good general health , and free of clinically [-] detectable dementia , several brain regions supporting higher - order cognition and integration of functions showed acceleration of the normal aging trajectory , including neocortex , which extended from the frontal and temporal poles to the parietal lobe , and the thalamus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 although 2 hiv
1 although 3 -
1 although 5 individuals
4 infected 5 individuals
5 individuals 6 were
6 were 7 in
7 in 10 health
8 good 9 general
9 general 10 health
11 , 12 and
12 and 22 regions
13 free 14 of
13 free 19 ,
13 free 22 regions
14 of 18 dementia
15 clinically 17 detectable
17 detectable 18 dementia
20 several 22 regions
21 brain 22 regions
22 regions 23 supporting
22 regions 30 of
22 regions 32 showed
23 supporting 28 and
24 higher 25 -
24 higher 27 cognition
26 order 27 cognition
27 cognition 28 and
28 and 29 integration
30 of 31 functions
32 showed 33 acceleration
32 showed 40 including
32 showed 43 which
33 acceleration 34 of
34 of 38 trajectory
35 the 38 trajectory
36 normal 38 trajectory
37 aging 38 trajectory
39 , 40 including
40 including 41 neocortex
40 including 42 ,
43 which 44 extended
44 extended 45 from
44 extended 50 poles
44 extended 51 to
45 from 48 and
46 the 47 frontal
47 frontal 48 and
48 and 49 temporal
51 to 56 and
52 the 54 lobe
53 parietal 54 lobe
54 lobe 56 and
55 , 56 and
56 and 58 thalamus
56 and 59 .
57 the 58 thalamus

beyond an anticipated increase in lateral ventricle [and] sylvian fissure volumes and decrease in tissue volumes ( specifically , the frontal and sensorimotor neocortices , thalamus , and hippocampus ) with longer duration of illness , most regions also showed accelerated disease progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 beyond 12 and
1 beyond 30 )
1 beyond 38 regions
2 an 4 increase
3 anticipated 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 12 and
5 in 11 volumes
6 lateral 7 ventricle
7 ventricle 10 fissure
9 sylvian 10 fissure
10 fissure 11 volumes
12 and 13 decrease
12 and 14 in
12 and 28 and
14 in 16 volumes
15 tissue 16 volumes
17 ( 18 specifically
17 ( 28 and
18 specifically 19 ,
20 the 21 frontal
21 frontal 22 and
22 and 24 neocortices
22 and 25 ,
23 sensorimotor 24 neocortices
25 , 26 thalamus
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 hippocampus
28 and 30 )
31 with 33 duration
31 with 36 ,
31 with 38 regions
32 longer 33 duration
33 duration 34 of
34 of 35 illness
37 most 38 regions
38 regions 40 showed
39 also 40 showed
40 showed 43 progression
41 accelerated 42 disease
42 disease 43 progression

this accelerated loss of cortical tissue may represent a risk factor for premature cognitive and motor compromise [if] [not] dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 3 loss
2 accelerated 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 7 may
4 of 6 tissue
5 cortical 6 tissue
7 may 8 represent
8 represent 11 factor
8 represent 12 for
9 a 11 factor
10 risk 11 factor
12 for 20 dementia
13 premature 20 dementia
14 cognitive 15 and
15 and 17 compromise
15 and 20 dementia
16 motor 17 compromise

on a more promising note , hiv - infected patients with increasing cd4 counts exhibited slower expansion of sylvian fissure volume and slower declines of frontal and temporoparietal cortices , insula , and hippocampus tissue volumes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 on 5 note
1 on 8 -
1 on 10 patients
2 a 5 note
3 more 4 promising
4 promising 5 note
5 note 7 hiv
6 , 7 hiv
7 hiv 8 -
9 infected 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
10 patients 13 cd4
10 patients 14 counts
10 patients 15 exhibited
11 with 12 increasing
13 cd4 14 counts
15 exhibited 33 and
16 slower 17 expansion
17 expansion 18 of
17 expansion 22 and
18 of 21 volume
19 sylvian 21 volume
20 fissure 21 volume
22 and 24 declines
22 and 25 of
22 and 31 insula
22 and 33 and
23 slower 24 declines
25 of 29 cortices
26 frontal 27 and
27 and 28 temporoparietal
27 and 29 cortices
30 , 31 insula
31 insula 32 ,
33 and 36 volumes
34 hippocampus 36 volumes
35 tissue 36 volumes

thus , attenuated shrinkage of these brain regions , likely with adequate pharmacologic treatment and control of further infection , has the potential of abating decline in associated higher - order functions , notably [,] explicit memory , executive functions , self - regulation , and visuospatial abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shrinkage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 ,
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 shrinkage
3 attenuated 4 shrinkage
4 shrinkage 5 of
4 shrinkage 10 likely
4 shrinkage 21 has
5 of 8 regions
6 these 8 regions
7 brain 8 regions
9 , 10 likely
10 likely 11 with
10 likely 20 ,
11 with 15 and
12 adequate 14 treatment
13 pharmacologic 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 and
15 and 16 control
16 control 17 of
17 of 19 infection
18 further 19 infection
21 has 23 potential
21 has 26 decline
22 the 23 potential
23 potential 24 of
24 of 25 abating
26 decline 27 in
27 in 32 functions
28 associated 32 functions
29 higher 30 -
29 higher 32 functions
31 order 32 functions
32 functions 37 memory
33 , 37 memory
34 notably 36 explicit
36 explicit 37 memory
37 memory 40 functions
37 memory 41 ,
38 , 40 functions
39 executive 40 functions
40 functions 41 ,
41 , 42 self
41 , 43 -
43 - 46 and
43 - 49 .
44 regulation 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 48 abilities
47 visuospatial 48 abilities

low carotenoid status ( especially of the xanthophylls , lutein [ l ] , [and] zeaxanthin [ z ] ) is common in older adults and has been associated with a number of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system ranging from retina [(] e.g [.] , macular degeneration ) to brain ( e.g [.] , alzheimer 's disease ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 low 3 status
2 carotenoid 3 status
3 status 6 of
3 status 10 lutein
3 status 16 zeaxanthin
3 status 26 and
4 ( 5 especially
4 ( 6 of
6 of 8 xanthophylls
6 of 9 ,
7 the 8 xanthophylls
9 , 10 lutein
10 lutein 12 l
10 lutein 14 ,
11 [ 12 l
12 l 13 ]
14 , 16 zeaxanthin
16 zeaxanthin 18 z
16 zeaxanthin 20 )
17 [ 18 z
18 z 19 ]
21 is 22 common
21 is 26 and
22 common 23 in
23 in 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
26 and 27 has
26 and 30 with
27 has 28 been
28 been 29 associated
30 with 35 diseases
31 a 32 number
32 number 33 of
32 number 35 diseases
33 of 35 diseases
34 degenerative 35 diseases
35 diseases 36 of
36 of 40 system
37 the 40 system
38 central 40 system
39 nervous 40 system
40 system 41 ranging
40 system 54 e.g
41 ranging 42 from
41 ranging 51 to
42 from 45 e.g
43 retina 45 e.g
45 e.g 49 degeneration
47 , 49 degeneration
48 macular 49 degeneration
49 degeneration 50 )
51 to 52 brain
53 ( 54 e.g
54 e.g 59 disease
54 e.g 60 )
56 , 59 disease
57 alzheimer 58 's
58 's 59 disease
59 disease 60 )

in this study , we tested whether retinal measures of l + z [(] macular pigment optical density [ mpod ] [ )(, used as a surrogate for brain l + z levels , were related to [cognitive] function when comparing healthy older adults with mildly cognitively impaired older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 tested
6 tested 7 whether
7 whether 9 measures
7 whether 36 related
8 retinal 9 measures
9 measures 10 of
9 measures 35 were
10 of 18 density
11 l 12 +
12 + 13 z
12 + 18 density
15 macular 16 pigment
16 pigment 18 density
17 optical 18 density
18 density 20 mpod
18 density 24 used
19 [ 20 mpod
20 mpod 21 ]
23 )(, 24 used
24 used 25 as
24 used 28 for
24 used 34 ,
25 as 27 surrogate
26 a 27 surrogate
28 for 33 levels
29 brain 33 levels
30 l 31 +
31 + 32 z
31 + 33 levels
35 were 36 related
36 related 37 to
36 related 40 when
36 related 45 with
37 to 39 function
40 when 41 comparing
41 comparing 44 adults
42 healthy 44 adults
43 older 44 adults
45 with 50 adults
46 mildly 48 impaired
47 cognitively 48 impaired
48 impaired 50 adults
49 older 50 adults

twenty - four subjects with mild cognitive impairment were compared with 24 matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 four
2 - 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 9 were
5 with 8 impairment
6 mild 8 impairment
7 cognitive 8 impairment
9 were 10 compared
10 compared 11 with
11 with 14 controls
12 24 14 controls
13 matched 14 controls

subjects were matched with respect to age , body mass index , ethnicity , sex , and smoking status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 matched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 matched
3 matched 4 with
3 matched 6 to
4 with 5 respect
6 to 17 and
7 age 8 ,
8 , 11 index
8 , 12 ,
9 body 11 index
10 mass 11 index
12 , 13 ethnicity
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 sex
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 status
18 smoking 19 status

degree of cognitive impairment and cognitive ability was determined [via] structured clinical interview . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 interview
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 degree 2 of
1 degree 5 and
2 of 4 impairment
3 cognitive 4 impairment
5 and 6 cognitive
5 and 7 ability
5 and 8 was
5 and 9 determined
5 and 11 structured
5 and 13 interview
7 ability 8 was
11 structured 12 clinical

mpod was measured psychophysically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mpod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 mpod 2 was
2 was 3 measured
3 measured 4 psychophysically

in healthy older adults , mpod was only related to visual - spatial and constructional abilities ( p = 0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mpod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 4 adults
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 mpod
2 healthy 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
6 mpod 7 was
7 was 9 related
8 only 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 16 abilities
11 visual 12 -
11 visual 16 abilities
13 spatial 14 and
14 and 15 constructional
14 and 16 abilities
16 abilities 19 =
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.04
19 = 21 )

for subjects with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , however , mpod was broadly related to cognition including the composite score on the mini - mental state examination ( p = 0.02 ) , visual - spatial and constructional abilities ( p = 0.04 ) , language ability ( p = 0.05 ) , attention ( p = 0.03 ) , and the total scale on the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status ( p = 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mpod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 82 .
1 for 2 subjects
1 for 13 mpod
2 subjects 3 with
3 with 6 impairment
4 mild 6 impairment
5 cognitive 6 impairment
6 impairment 8 mci
7 ( 8 mci
8 mci 9 )
10 , 11 however
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 mpod
13 mpod 14 was
14 was 15 broadly
14 was 16 related
16 related 17 to
16 related 23 on
17 to 18 cognition
18 cognition 19 including
19 including 22 score
20 the 22 score
21 composite 22 score
23 on 29 examination
24 the 29 examination
25 mini 26 -
25 mini 28 state
27 mental 28 state
28 state 29 examination
29 examination 32 =
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 33 0.02
32 = 34 )
35 , 63 and
35 , 66 scale
36 visual 37 -
36 visual 63 and
38 spatial 39 and
39 and 41 abilities
39 and 44 =
39 and 49 ability
39 and 63 and
40 constructional 41 abilities
42 ( 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.04
44 = 46 )
47 , 49 ability
48 language 49 ability
49 ability 52 =
49 ability 56 attention
49 ability 62 ,
50 ( 52 =
51 p 52 =
52 = 53 0.05
52 = 54 )
55 , 56 attention
56 attention 59 =
56 attention 61 )
57 ( 59 =
58 p 59 =
59 = 60 0.03
62 , 63 and
63 and 65 total
63 and 66 scale
64 the 65 total
66 scale 67 on
66 scale 70 battery
66 scale 71 for
66 scale 79 =
68 the 70 battery
69 repeatable 70 battery
71 for 73 assessment
72 the 73 assessment
73 assessment 74 of
74 of 76 status
75 neuropsychological 76 status
77 ( 79 =
78 p 79 =
79 = 80 0.03
79 = 81 )

it is possible that l/z status may be more strongly related to cognition when individuals are considered [with] established [onset] [of] cognitive [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 6 status
4 that 11 related
5 l/z 6 status
6 status 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 10 strongly
8 be 11 related
9 more 10 strongly
11 related 12 to
11 related 14 when
11 related 22 cognitive
12 to 13 cognition
14 when 15 individuals
14 when 17 considered
15 individuals 16 are
16 are 17 considered
17 considered 19 established

deficiency in energy metabolisms is perhaps the earliest modifiable defect in brain aging and sporadic alzheimer 's disease [(] [sad] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 deficiency 2 in
1 deficiency 5 is
2 in 4 metabolisms
3 energy 4 metabolisms
5 is 6 perhaps
5 is 10 defect
7 the 8 earliest
7 the 10 defect
9 modifiable 10 defect
10 defect 11 in
11 in 14 and
12 brain 13 aging
12 brain 14 and
14 and 18 disease
14 and 21 )
15 sporadic 16 alzheimer
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease

several high - energy compounds ( hecs [ )(such as atp , phosphoenolpyruvate , phosphocreatine and acetyl coenzyme a have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 phosphoenolpyruvate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 several 5 compounds
2 high 3 -
2 high 4 energy
4 energy 5 compounds
5 compounds 7 hecs
5 compounds 13 phosphoenolpyruvate
6 ( 7 hecs
7 hecs 10 as
7 hecs 12 ,
9 )(such 10 as
10 as 11 atp
14 , 16 and
14 , 22 shown
15 phosphocreatine 16 and
16 and 18 coenzyme
16 and 20 have
17 acetyl 18 coenzyme
18 coenzyme 19 a
20 have 21 been
21 been 22 shown
22 shown 23 to
23 to 24 exhibit
24 exhibit 26 effects
25 neuroprotective 26 effects

to understand their mechanism of actions , we tested the effects of these hecs on intracellular ca ( 2+ ) , a central regulator [in] brain function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 4 mechanism
3 their 4 mechanism
4 mechanism 5 of
5 of 6 actions
7 , 8 we
7 , 9 tested
7 , 21 ,
8 we 9 tested
9 tested 11 effects
9 tested 15 on
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 hecs
13 these 14 hecs
15 on 17 ca
16 intracellular 17 ca
17 ca 19 2+
18 ( 19 2+
19 2+ 20 )
21 , 27 function
22 a 23 central
22 a 27 function
23 central 24 regulator
24 regulator 27 function
26 brain 27 function

our data showed that the hecs robustly and dose - dependently [mobilized] intracellular ca ( 2+ ) in cultured sh - sy5y cells , and the actions were sensitive to intracellular ca ( 2+ ) chelator bapta - am or energy metabolism blocker rotenone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 our 2 data
2 data 8 and
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 6 hecs
3 showed 7 robustly
3 showed 8 and
5 the 6 hecs
8 and 9 dose
10 - 13 intracellular
10 - 28 were
10 - 38 -
11 dependently 13 intracellular
13 intracellular 28 were
14 ca 16 2+
14 ca 18 in
14 ca 25 and
15 ( 16 2+
16 2+ 17 )
18 in 20 sh
19 cultured 20 sh
20 sh 23 cells
21 - 23 cells
22 sy5y 23 cells
23 cells 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 actions
25 and 28 were
26 the 27 actions
28 were 29 sensitive
29 sensitive 30 to
30 to 37 bapta
31 intracellular 36 chelator
32 ca 34 2+
32 ca 36 chelator
33 ( 34 2+
34 2+ 35 )
36 chelator 37 bapta
38 - 40 or
39 am 40 or
40 or 44 rotenone
40 or 45 .
41 energy 43 blocker
42 metabolism 43 blocker
43 blocker 44 rotenone

the ca ( 2+ ) influx triggered by the hecs was from both extracellular medium and intracellular stores and the hecs also induced repetitive ca ( 2+ ) oscillations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 influx
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
1 the 6 influx
2 ca 4 2+
2 ca 6 influx
3 ( 4 2+
4 2+ 5 )
6 influx 7 triggered
6 influx 11 was
7 triggered 8 by
8 by 10 hecs
9 the 10 hecs
11 was 12 from
12 from 18 stores
13 both 18 stores
14 extracellular 18 stores
15 medium 16 and
16 and 17 intracellular
16 and 18 stores
19 and 21 hecs
19 and 23 induced
20 the 21 hecs
21 hecs 23 induced
22 also 23 induced
23 induced 25 ca
24 repetitive 25 ca
25 ca 29 oscillations
26 ( 29 oscillations
27 2+ 28 )
27 2+ 29 oscillations
29 oscillations 30 .

as these actions were similar to those of classical ca ( 2+ ) agonists , the hecs may be viewed as a new group of physiological ca ( 2+ ) agonists . 
1 as 3 actions
1 as 4 were
1 as 15 ,
1 as 17 hecs
2 these 3 actions
3 actions 4 were
4 were 5 similar
5 similar 6 to
6 to 7 those
7 those 8 of
7 those 14 agonists
8 of 10 ca
9 classical 10 ca
11 ( 14 agonists
12 2+ 13 )
12 2+ 14 agonists
14 agonists 15 ,
16 the 17 hecs
17 hecs 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 viewed
20 viewed 21 as
21 as 27 ca
22 a 24 group
23 new 24 group
24 group 25 of
24 group 27 ca
25 of 27 ca
26 physiological 27 ca
27 ca 31 agonists
28 ( 31 agonists
29 2+ 30 )
29 2+ 31 agonists
31 agonists 32 .

we also found that the hecs promoted the intracellular activity of calpain , a ca ( 2+ ) - dependent protease , and the enzyme activity fluctuated in concert with cellular energy levels , suggesting that calpain activity may also be energy - [driven] or energy - dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 6 hecs
4 that 7 promoted
5 the 6 hecs
6 hecs 7 promoted
7 promoted 10 activity
8 the 10 activity
9 intracellular 10 activity
10 activity 11 of
11 of 12 calpain
12 calpain 15 ca
13 , 15 ca
14 a 15 ca
15 ca 17 2+
15 ca 18 )
16 ( 17 2+
17 2+ 18 )
19 - 26 activity
19 - 27 fluctuated
19 - 34 ,
19 - 41 be
19 - 47 -
20 dependent 26 activity
21 protease 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 enzyme
23 and 26 activity
24 the 25 enzyme
26 activity 27 fluctuated
27 fluctuated 29 concert
27 fluctuated 30 with
28 in 29 concert
30 with 33 levels
31 cellular 32 energy
32 energy 33 levels
34 , 41 be
35 suggesting 38 activity
35 suggesting 39 may
36 that 38 activity
37 calpain 38 activity
39 may 41 be
40 also 41 be
41 be 45 or
42 energy 45 or
43 - 45 or
45 or 46 energy
47 - 48 dependent
47 - 49 .

these findings may add to current knowledge for the regulatory mechanisms of ca ( 2+ ) and calpain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 add
4 add 5 to
5 to 7 knowledge
6 current 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 8 for
8 for 11 mechanisms
9 the 11 mechanisms
10 regulatory 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 of
12 of 17 and
13 ca 15 2+
13 ca 17 and
14 ( 15 2+
15 2+ 16 )
17 and 18 calpain

since ca ( 2+ ) and calpain undergo critical dysfunction in brain aging but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive , our work may provide a new perspective for clarifying some controversies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 undergo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 since 6 and
1 since 8 undergo
2 ca 4 2+
2 ca 6 and
3 ( 4 2+
4 2+ 5 )
6 and 7 calpain
8 undergo 10 dysfunction
8 undergo 11 in
9 critical 10 dysfunction
11 in 12 brain
12 brain 13 aging
14 but 17 mechanisms
14 but 20 ,
15 the 17 mechanisms
16 underlying 17 mechanisms
17 mechanisms 20 ,
18 remain 19 elusive
18 remain 20 ,
20 , 24 provide
21 our 22 work
22 work 23 may
23 may 24 provide
24 provide 27 perspective
25 a 26 new
25 a 27 perspective
26 new 27 perspective
27 perspective 28 for
28 for 29 clarifying
29 clarifying 31 controversies
30 some 31 controversies

more importantly , the hecs , as key intermediates in glucose catabolism , the primary source of energy supply in the brain , may be used as potential drugs for rational prevention [of] [sad] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hecs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 more 2 importantly
2 importantly 3 ,
2 importantly 5 hecs
4 the 5 hecs
5 hecs 7 as
5 hecs 16 source
5 hecs 24 may
6 , 7 as
7 as 9 intermediates
7 as 13 ,
8 key 9 intermediates
9 intermediates 10 in
10 in 12 catabolism
11 glucose 12 catabolism
13 , 16 source
14 the 16 source
15 primary 16 source
16 source 17 of
16 source 20 in
16 source 23 ,
17 of 19 supply
18 energy 19 supply
20 in 22 brain
21 the 22 brain
24 may 25 be
25 be 29 drugs
26 used 29 drugs
27 as 28 potential
28 potential 29 drugs
29 drugs 30 for
30 for 32 prevention
31 rational 32 prevention

few research papers in economics have examined the extent , causes or consequences of physical stature decline in aging populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 papers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 few 3 papers
2 research 3 papers
3 papers 4 in
3 papers 6 have
4 in 5 economics
6 have 7 examined
7 examined 12 or
7 examined 17 decline
8 the 9 extent
9 extent 10 ,
10 , 11 causes
10 , 12 or
12 or 13 consequences
12 or 14 of
12 or 17 decline
14 of 16 stature
15 physical 16 stature
17 decline 18 in
18 in 19 aging
19 aging 20 populations

using repeated observations on objectively measured data from the english longitudinal study of aging ( elsa ) , we document that reduction in height is an important phenomenon among respondents aged 50 [and] [over] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 document
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 using 3 observations
1 using 18 ,
1 using 19 we
2 repeated 3 observations
3 observations 4 on
3 observations 8 from
3 observations 13 of
4 on 7 data
5 objectively 6 measured
6 measured 7 data
8 from 12 study
9 the 12 study
10 english 12 study
11 longitudinal 12 study
13 of 14 aging
14 aging 16 elsa
15 ( 16 elsa
16 elsa 17 )
19 we 20 document
20 document 22 reduction
20 document 25 is
21 that 22 reduction
22 reduction 23 in
22 reduction 25 is
23 in 24 height
25 is 28 phenomenon
26 an 27 important
26 an 28 phenomenon
27 important 28 phenomenon
28 phenomenon 29 among
29 among 30 respondents
30 respondents 31 aged
31 aged 32 50

on average , physical stature [decline] occurs at an annual rate of between 0.08 [%] and 0.10 % for males , [and] 0.12 [%] and 0.14 % for females - which approximately translates into a 2 - 4 cm reduction in height over the life course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 stature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 on 2 average
2 average 3 ,
2 average 5 stature
4 physical 5 stature
5 stature 7 occurs
7 occurs 8 at
7 occurs 43 over
8 at 11 rate
9 an 10 annual
9 an 11 rate
10 annual 11 rate
11 rate 12 of
12 of 18 %
13 between 16 and
14 0.08 16 and
16 and 17 0.10
16 and 18 %
18 % 19 for
18 % 31 which
18 % 33 translates
19 for 20 males
20 males 27 %
21 , 27 %
23 0.12 25 and
25 and 26 0.14
25 and 27 %
27 % 28 for
27 % 30 -
28 for 29 females
31 which 33 translates
32 approximately 33 translates
33 translates 34 into
33 translates 41 in
34 into 40 reduction
35 a 40 reduction
36 2 37 -
37 - 38 4
37 - 39 cm
39 cm 40 reduction
41 in 42 height
43 over 46 course
44 the 46 course
45 life 46 course

since height is commonly used as a measure of long - run health , our results demonstrate that failing to take age - related height loss into account substantially overstates the health advantage of older birth cohorts relative to their younger counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 since 2 height
1 since 3 is
1 since 16 results
2 height 3 is
3 is 4 commonly
3 is 5 used
6 as 13 health
6 as 14 ,
6 as 16 results
7 a 8 measure
8 measure 9 of
8 measure 13 health
9 of 13 health
10 long 11 -
10 long 13 health
12 run 13 health
15 our 16 results
16 results 17 demonstrate
17 demonstrate 18 that
18 that 19 failing
18 that 30 overstates
19 failing 20 to
19 failing 21 take
19 failing 30 overstates
20 to 21 take
21 take 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 26 loss
24 related 28 account
24 related 29 substantially
24 related 30 overstates
25 height 26 loss
27 into 28 account
30 overstates 33 advantage
31 the 33 advantage
32 health 33 advantage
33 advantage 34 of
34 of 37 cohorts
35 older 36 birth
36 birth 37 cohorts
37 cohorts 38 relative
38 relative 39 to
39 to 42 counterparts
40 their 42 counterparts
41 younger 42 counterparts

we also show that there is an absence of consistent predictors of physical stature [decline] at the individual level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 3 show
2 also 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 there
4 that 6 is
5 there 6 is
6 is 8 absence
6 is 16 at
7 an 8 absence
8 absence 9 of
8 absence 12 of
9 of 11 predictors
10 consistent 11 predictors
12 of 14 stature
13 physical 14 stature
16 at 19 level
17 the 19 level
18 individual 19 level

however , we demonstrate how deteriorating health and reductions in height occur simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 how
5 how 8 and
5 how 12 occur
6 deteriorating 7 health
7 health 8 and
8 and 9 reductions
8 and 10 in
8 and 12 occur
10 in 11 height
12 occur 13 simultaneously

we document that declines in muscle mass and bone density [are] likely to be the mechanism through which these effects are operating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 8 and
2 document 3 that
2 document 8 and
3 that 4 declines
3 that 7 mass
4 declines 5 in
4 declines 7 mass
5 in 6 muscle
8 and 9 bone
9 bone 10 density
10 density 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 16 mechanism
15 the 16 mechanism
16 mechanism 17 through
17 through 18 which
17 through 20 effects
17 through 21 are
19 these 20 effects
20 effects 21 are
21 are 22 operating

if this physical stature decline is determined by deteriorating health in adulthood , the coefficient [on] measured height when used as an input in a typical empirical health production function will be affected by reverse causality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 if 5 decline
1 if 7 determined
1 if 13 ,
1 if 15 coefficient
2 this 5 decline
3 physical 4 stature
4 stature 5 decline
5 decline 6 is
6 is 7 determined
7 determined 8 by
7 determined 11 in
8 by 10 health
9 deteriorating 10 health
11 in 12 adulthood
14 the 15 coefficient
15 coefficient 17 measured
17 measured 18 height
17 measured 19 when
17 measured 21 as
17 measured 24 in
19 when 20 used
21 as 23 input
22 an 23 input
24 in 36 causality
25 a 26 typical
25 a 36 causality
26 typical 28 health
27 empirical 28 health
28 health 29 production
29 production 31 will
30 function 31 will
31 will 32 be
32 be 33 affected
33 affected 34 by
34 by 35 reverse

while our analysis details the inherent difficulties associated with measuring height in older populations , we do not find that significant bias arises in typical empirical health production functions from the use of height which has not been adjusted for physical stature decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 difficulties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 while 4 details
1 while 7 difficulties
2 our 4 details
3 analysis 4 details
5 the 7 difficulties
6 inherent 7 difficulties
7 difficulties 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 measuring
10 measuring 11 height
10 measuring 12 in
12 in 14 populations
13 older 14 populations
15 , 16 we
15 , 19 find
16 we 17 do
17 do 18 not
17 do 19 find
19 find 20 that
20 that 22 bias
20 that 23 arises
21 significant 22 bias
22 bias 23 arises
23 arises 24 in
24 in 27 health
25 typical 27 health
26 empirical 27 health
27 health 29 functions
27 health 43 decline
28 production 29 functions
29 functions 30 from
29 functions 33 of
29 functions 43 decline
30 from 32 use
31 the 32 use
33 of 34 height
34 height 35 which
34 height 36 has
35 which 36 has
36 has 37 not
36 has 38 been
38 been 39 adjusted
39 adjusted 40 for
40 for 42 stature
41 physical 42 stature

therefore , our results validate the use of height among the population aged over 50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 validate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 validate
5 validate 7 use
5 validate 10 among
6 the 7 use
7 use 8 of
8 of 9 height
10 among 12 population
11 the 12 population
12 population 13 aged
13 aged 14 over
14 over 15 50

none clinical trials with new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) have been performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 none 3 trials
1 none 16 been
1 none 17 performed
2 clinical 3 trials
3 trials 4 with
3 trials 15 have
4 with 6 drugs
5 new 6 drugs
6 drugs 7 for
7 for 11 disease
8 chronic 11 disease
9 obstructive 11 disease
10 pulmonary 11 disease
11 disease 13 copd
12 ( 13 copd
13 copd 14 )
15 have 16 been

viruses exacerbate copd and bacteria may play a part in severe copd ; therefore , antibiotic and antiviral approaches have a sound rationale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 viruses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 viruses 4 and
2 exacerbate 3 copd
2 exacerbate 4 and
4 and 7 play
4 and 10 in
5 bacteria 6 may
6 may 7 play
7 play 9 part
8 a 9 part
10 in 12 copd
11 severe 12 copd
13 ; 19 approaches
13 ; 20 have
14 therefore 15 ,
14 therefore 19 approaches
16 antibiotic 17 and
17 and 18 antiviral
17 and 19 approaches
19 approaches 20 have
20 have 23 rationale
21 a 22 sound
21 a 23 rationale
22 sound 23 rationale

antiinflammatory approaches have been studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 antiinflammatory 2 approaches
2 approaches 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 studied

advances in understanding the molecular basis of other processes have resulted in novel drugs to target reactive oxidant species , mucus , proteases , fibrosis , cachexia , and muscle wasting , and accelerated aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 advances 2 in
1 advances 7 of
1 advances 33 and
2 in 3 understanding
3 understanding 6 basis
4 the 6 basis
5 molecular 6 basis
7 of 9 processes
8 other 9 processes
10 have 11 resulted
10 have 33 and
11 resulted 12 in
12 in 14 drugs
13 novel 14 drugs
14 drugs 15 to
15 to 29 and
16 target 19 species
17 reactive 18 oxidant
18 oxidant 19 species
19 species 20 ,
20 , 21 mucus
20 , 22 ,
22 , 23 proteases
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 fibrosis
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 cachexia
26 , 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 wasting
29 and 32 ,
30 muscle 31 wasting
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 accelerated
34 accelerated 35 aging

studies with monoclonal antibodies have been disappointing , highlighting the tendency for infections and malignancies during treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
1 studies 2 with
1 studies 5 have
2 with 4 antibodies
3 monoclonal 4 antibodies
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 disappointing
7 disappointing 9 highlighting
8 , 9 highlighting
9 highlighting 11 tendency
9 highlighting 16 during
9 highlighting 18 .
10 the 11 tendency
11 tendency 12 for
12 for 14 and
13 infections 14 and
14 and 15 malignancies
16 during 17 treatment

promising future directions are lung regeneration with retinoids and stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 promising 3 directions
2 future 3 directions
3 directions 4 are
4 are 9 and
5 lung 6 regeneration
6 regeneration 7 with
6 regeneration 9 and
7 with 8 retinoids
9 and 11 cells
10 stem 11 cells

low - frequency coding dna sequence variants in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 gene ( pcsk9 ) lower plasma low - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl - c ) , protect against risk of coronary heart disease ( chd ) , and have prompted the development of a new class of therapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 low 2 -
1 low 3 frequency
3 frequency 4 coding
4 coding 7 variants
5 dna 6 sequence
6 sequence 7 variants
7 variants 8 in
7 variants 31 ,
8 in 15 gene
9 the 15 gene
10 proprotein 11 convertase
11 convertase 15 gene
12 subtilisin/kexin 15 gene
13 type 15 gene
14 9 15 gene
15 gene 17 pcsk9
16 ( 17 pcsk9
17 pcsk9 18 )
19 lower 25 cholesterol
19 lower 31 ,
20 plasma 25 cholesterol
21 low 22 -
21 low 23 density
23 density 25 cholesterol
24 lipoprotein 25 cholesterol
25 cholesterol 28 -
26 ( 28 -
27 ldl 28 -
28 - 29 c
28 - 30 )
31 , 43 and
32 protect 33 against
32 protect 38 disease
32 protect 43 and
33 against 34 risk
34 risk 35 of
35 of 37 heart
36 coronary 37 heart
38 disease 40 chd
39 ( 40 chd
40 chd 41 )
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 have
44 have 45 prompted
45 prompted 47 development
46 the 47 development
47 development 48 of
47 development 52 of
48 of 51 class
49 a 50 new
49 a 51 class
50 new 51 class
52 of 53 therapeutics

it is uncertain whether the pcsk9 example represents a paradigm or an isolated exception . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 uncertain
3 uncertain 4 whether
4 whether 7 example
4 whether 8 represents
5 the 7 example
6 pcsk9 7 example
7 example 8 represents
8 represents 11 or
9 a 10 paradigm
10 paradigm 11 or
11 or 14 exception
12 an 13 isolated
12 an 14 exception
13 isolated 14 exception

we used the " exome array " to genotype >200,000 low - frequency and rare coding sequence variants across the genome in 56,538 individuals [(] 42,208 european ancestry [[] ea []] and 14,330 african ancestry [ aa ] [ )( tested these variants for association with ldl [-] c , high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl - c ) , [and] triglycerides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 array
2 used 8 to
2 used 9 genotype
3 the 4 "
3 the 6 array
5 exome 6 array
6 array 7 "
8 to 9 genotype
9 genotype 10 >200,000
9 genotype 19 across
10 >200,000 14 and
10 >200,000 17 sequence
11 low 12 -
11 low 13 frequency
13 frequency 14 and
14 and 15 rare
14 and 16 coding
14 and 17 sequence
17 sequence 18 variants
19 across 21 genome
20 the 21 genome
21 genome 22 in
22 in 32 and
23 56,538 30 ea
24 individuals 27 european
26 42,208 27 european
27 european 30 ea
28 ancestry 30 ea
30 ea 32 and
32 and 34 african
32 and 35 ancestry
32 and 41 tested
33 14,330 34 african
35 ancestry 37 aa
35 ancestry 41 tested
36 [ 37 aa
37 aa 38 ]
41 tested 43 variants
42 these 43 variants
43 variants 44 for
43 variants 46 with
43 variants 55 cholesterol
44 for 45 association
46 with 47 ldl
47 ldl 49 c
50 , 55 cholesterol
51 high 52 -
51 high 54 lipoprotein
53 density 54 lipoprotein
54 lipoprotein 55 cholesterol
55 cholesterol 58 -
55 cholesterol 63 triglycerides
55 cholesterol 64 .
56 ( 58 -
57 hdl 58 -
58 - 59 c
58 - 60 )
61 , 63 triglycerides
63 triglycerides 64 .

[although] we did not identify new genes associated with ldl - c , we did identify four low - frequency [(] frequencies between 0.1 % and 2 % [ )(variants [(] angptl8 rs145464906 [ c.361c>t [;] p.gln121* ] , pafah1b2 rs186808413 [[] c.482c>t [;] p.ser161leu []] , col18a1 rs114139997 [ c.331g>a [;] p.gly111arg []] , and pcsk7 rs142953140 [ c.1511g>a [;] p.arg504his ] ) [with] large effects on hdl - [c] [and/or] triglycerides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
2 we 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 identify
5 identify 7 genes
6 new 7 genes
7 genes 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 ldl
11 - 12 c
11 - 13 ,
13 , 14 we
13 , 19 -
14 we 15 did
15 did 16 identify
16 identify 17 four
16 identify 18 low
19 - 22 frequencies
20 frequency 22 frequencies
22 frequencies 26 and
23 between 26 and
24 0.1 25 %
24 0.1 26 and
26 and 27 2
27 2 28 %
28 % 30 )(variants
30 )(variants 41 rs186808413
32 angptl8 41 rs186808413
33 rs145464906 37 p.gln121*
33 rs145464906 39 ,
33 rs145464906 41 rs186808413
34 [ 37 p.gln121*
35 c.361c>t 37 p.gln121*
37 p.gln121* 38 ]
40 pafah1b2 41 rs186808413
41 rs186808413 45 p.ser161leu
43 c.482c>t 45 p.ser161leu
45 p.ser161leu 47 ,
47 , 48 col18a1
47 , 56 and
49 rs114139997 53 p.gly111arg
50 [ 53 p.gly111arg
51 c.331g>a 53 p.gly111arg
53 p.gly111arg 55 ,
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 pcsk7
56 and 67 effects
58 rs142953140 62 p.arg504his
58 rs142953140 64 )
58 rs142953140 67 effects
59 [ 62 p.arg504his
60 c.1511g>a 62 p.arg504his
62 p.arg504his 63 ]
66 large 67 effects
67 effects 68 on
67 effects 73 triglycerides
68 on 69 hdl
70 - 73 triglycerides
73 triglycerides 74 .

none of these four variants was associated with risk for chd , suggesting that examples of low - frequency coding variants with robust effects on both lipids and chd will be limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 6 was
2 of 5 variants
3 these 4 four
4 four 5 variants
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 10 for
8 with 9 risk
10 for 11 chd
12 , 13 suggesting
12 , 31 be
13 suggesting 14 that
13 suggesting 31 be
14 that 28 and
14 that 30 will
15 examples 16 of
15 examples 20 coding
15 examples 25 on
15 examples 28 and
16 of 19 frequency
17 low 18 -
17 low 19 frequency
20 coding 21 variants
21 variants 22 with
22 with 24 effects
23 robust 24 effects
25 on 27 lipids
26 both 27 lipids
28 and 29 chd
28 and 30 will
31 be 32 limited

this chapter will serve as a guide for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis [(] [ms] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 chapter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 )(
1 this 2 chapter
2 chapter 3 will
3 will 4 serve
4 serve 5 as
5 as 7 guide
6 a 7 guide
7 guide 8 for
8 for 10 diagnosis
9 the 10 diagnosis
10 diagnosis 11 of
11 of 13 sclerosis
12 multiple 13 sclerosis

primary aims include a review of both the common and atypical clinical manifestations [of] [ms] , a detailed discussion of the alternative diagnoses which can mimic [ms] , as well as a review of the current established diagnostic criteria and a history of their development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
1 primary 2 aims
2 aims 3 include
3 include 10 and
4 a 5 review
5 review 6 of
5 review 10 and
6 of 7 both
7 both 8 the
7 both 9 common
8 the 9 common
10 and 13 manifestations
10 and 19 discussion
11 atypical 13 manifestations
12 clinical 13 manifestations
16 , 19 discussion
17 a 18 detailed
17 a 19 discussion
18 detailed 19 discussion
19 discussion 20 of
19 discussion 23 diagnoses
19 discussion 26 mimic
19 discussion 28 ,
20 of 22 alternative
21 the 22 alternative
23 diagnoses 24 which
23 diagnoses 25 can
23 diagnoses 26 mimic
24 which 25 can
28 , 29 as
29 as 30 well
29 as 37 established
30 well 31 as
30 well 34 of
30 well 37 established
31 as 33 review
32 a 33 review
34 of 36 current
35 the 36 current
37 established 40 and
38 diagnostic 39 criteria
39 criteria 40 and
40 and 42 history
40 and 46 .
41 a 42 history
42 history 43 of
43 of 45 development
44 their 45 development

it will also review the distinct disease courses and [ms] variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 it 2 will
2 will 4 review
3 also 4 review
4 review 9 and
5 the 8 courses
6 distinct 7 disease
7 disease 8 courses
8 courses 9 and
9 and 11 variants

the goal of the chapter is to facilitate the diagnostic process for clinicians so that they may expedite early diagnosis and treatment in an effort to alter disease outcomes and ultimately improve patients ' quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 chapter
4 the 5 chapter
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 facilitate
7 to 8 facilitate
8 facilitate 11 process
8 facilitate 12 for
8 facilitate 15 that
8 facilitate 26 to
9 the 11 process
10 diagnostic 11 process
12 for 13 clinicians
14 so 15 that
15 that 16 they
15 that 18 expedite
16 they 17 may
17 may 18 expedite
18 expedite 21 and
18 expedite 23 in
19 early 20 diagnosis
20 diagnosis 21 and
21 and 22 treatment
23 in 25 effort
24 an 25 effort
26 to 30 and
27 alter 29 outcomes
27 alter 30 and
28 disease 29 outcomes
30 and 32 improve
31 ultimately 32 improve
32 improve 35 quality
33 patients 34 '
34 ' 35 quality
35 quality 36 of
36 of 37 life

background : behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) are often considered to be the greatest challenge in dementia care , leading to increased healthcare costs , caregiver burden , and placement into care facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 behavioral
4 and 6 symptoms
4 and 14 considered
5 psychological 6 symptoms
6 symptoms 7 of
6 symptoms 10 bpsd
6 symptoms 12 are
7 of 8 dementia
9 ( 10 bpsd
10 bpsd 11 )
12 are 13 often
12 are 14 considered
14 considered 15 to
14 considered 20 in
14 considered 24 leading
14 considered 33 and
14 considered 35 into
15 to 16 be
16 be 19 challenge
17 the 18 greatest
17 the 19 challenge
20 in 22 care
21 dementia 22 care
23 , 24 leading
24 leading 25 to
24 leading 29 ,
25 to 28 costs
26 increased 28 costs
27 healthcare 28 costs
30 caregiver 31 burden
31 burden 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 placement
35 into 37 facilities
36 care 37 facilities

with potential for pharmacological intervention to exacerbate behaviors or even lead to mortality , the development and rigorous testing of [non] [-] pharmacological interventions is vital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 with 2 potential
1 with 3 for
1 with 6 to
3 for 5 intervention
4 pharmacological 5 intervention
6 to 9 or
6 to 25 is
7 exacerbate 8 behaviors
7 exacerbate 9 or
9 or 11 lead
10 even 11 lead
11 lead 12 to
12 to 17 and
13 mortality 14 ,
14 , 16 development
14 , 17 and
15 the 16 development
17 and 19 testing
17 and 20 of
18 rigorous 19 testing
20 of 24 interventions
23 pharmacological 24 interventions
25 is 26 vital

a pilot of the tailored activities program ( tap ) for reducing problem behaviors in people with dementia was conducted in the united states with promising results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pilot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 pilot
2 pilot 3 of
2 pilot 11 for
2 pilot 19 was
3 of 9 tap
4 the 9 tap
5 tailored 6 activities
6 activities 7 program
7 program 9 tap
8 ( 9 tap
9 tap 10 )
11 for 12 reducing
12 reducing 14 behaviors
12 reducing 15 in
12 reducing 17 with
13 problem 14 behaviors
15 in 16 people
17 with 18 dementia
19 was 20 conducted
20 conducted 21 in
21 in 24 states
22 the 24 states
23 united 24 states
24 states 25 with
25 with 27 results
26 promising 27 results

this randomized trial will investigate the effectiveness of tap for reducing the burden of bpsd on persons with dementia and family caregivers within an australian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 3 trial
2 randomized 3 trial
3 trial 4 will
4 will 5 investigate
5 investigate 7 effectiveness
6 the 7 effectiveness
7 effectiveness 8 of
8 of 9 tap
9 tap 10 for
10 for 11 reducing
11 reducing 13 burden
11 reducing 16 on
11 reducing 18 with
12 the 13 burden
13 burden 14 of
14 of 15 bpsd
16 on 17 persons
18 with 19 dementia
20 and 21 family
20 and 22 caregivers
21 family 22 caregivers
22 caregivers 23 within
23 within 26 population
24 an 25 australian
24 an 26 population
25 australian 26 population

this trial will also examine the cost - effectiveness and willingness to pay for tap compared with a control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 trial
2 trial 3 will
3 will 5 examine
4 also 5 examine
5 examine 7 cost
6 the 7 cost
8 - 10 and
8 - 20 group
9 effectiveness 10 and
10 and 11 willingness
10 and 12 to
10 and 14 for
10 and 16 compared
10 and 20 group
12 to 13 pay
14 for 15 tap
16 compared 17 with
17 with 19 control
18 a 19 control

methods : this randomized trial aims to recruit 180 participant dyads of a person with dementia and their caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 randomized
3 this 4 randomized
4 randomized 6 aims
4 randomized 7 to
5 trial 6 aims
7 to 8 recruit
8 recruit 11 dyads
8 recruit 15 with
9 180 11 dyads
10 participant 11 dyads
11 dyads 12 of
12 of 14 person
13 a 14 person
15 with 17 and
16 dementia 17 and
17 and 19 caregivers
18 their 19 caregivers

participants will have a diagnosis of dementia , exhibit behaviors as scored by the neuropsychiatric inventory , and the caregiver must have at least 7 h per week contact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 participants 2 will
2 will 8 ,
3 have 5 diagnosis
3 have 8 ,
4 a 5 diagnosis
5 diagnosis 6 of
6 of 7 dementia
8 , 9 exhibit
9 exhibit 10 behaviors
9 exhibit 11 as
11 as 12 scored
12 scored 13 by
13 by 16 inventory
14 the 16 inventory
15 neuropsychiatric 16 inventory
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 caregiver
18 and 22 have
19 the 20 caregiver
20 caregiver 21 must
21 must 22 have
22 have 26 h
23 at 24 least
24 least 25 7
25 7 26 h
26 h 27 per
27 per 29 contact
28 week 29 contact

participants will be randomly allocated to intervention ( tap ) or control ( phone [-] based education sessions ) groups , both provided by a trained occupational therapist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 allocated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 participants 2 will
2 will 3 be
3 be 5 allocated
4 randomly 5 allocated
5 allocated 6 to
6 to 7 intervention
7 intervention 9 tap
8 ( 9 tap
9 tap 10 )
11 or 12 control
11 or 21 ,
12 control 18 sessions
12 control 21 ,
13 ( 18 sessions
14 phone 16 based
16 based 17 education
17 education 18 sessions
18 sessions 19 )
20 groups 21 ,
21 , 23 provided
22 both 23 provided
23 provided 24 by
24 by 28 therapist
25 a 28 therapist
26 trained 28 therapist
27 occupational 28 therapist

primary outcome measure will be the revised neuropsychiatric inventory - clinician rating [scale] ( npi - c ) to measure bpsd exhibited by the person with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 will
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
1 primary 4 will
2 outcome 4 will
3 measure 4 will
4 will 5 be
5 be 9 inventory
6 the 9 inventory
7 revised 9 inventory
8 neuropsychiatric 9 inventory
9 inventory 11 clinician
10 - 11 clinician
11 clinician 12 rating
11 clinician 28 .
12 rating 16 -
12 rating 19 to
14 ( 16 -
15 npi 16 -
16 - 17 c
16 - 18 )
19 to 20 measure
20 measure 21 bpsd
21 bpsd 22 exhibited
21 bpsd 26 with
22 exhibited 23 by
23 by 25 person
24 the 25 person
26 with 27 dementia

conclusions : this trial investigates the effectiveness and cost - effectiveness of tap within an australian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 trial
3 this 4 trial
4 trial 8 and
5 investigates 7 effectiveness
5 investigates 8 and
6 the 7 effectiveness
8 and 9 cost
10 - 11 effectiveness
11 effectiveness 12 of
12 of 13 tap
13 tap 14 within
14 within 17 population
15 an 16 australian
15 an 17 population
16 australian 17 population

results will address a significant gap in the current australian community - support base for people living with dementia and their caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 address
1 results 2 will
2 will 3 address
3 address 6 gap
3 address 7 in
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 gap
5 significant 6 gap
7 in 11 community
8 the 11 community
9 current 10 australian
10 australian 11 community
11 community 13 support
12 - 13 support
13 support 14 base
13 support 23 .
14 base 15 for
14 base 18 with
15 for 16 people
16 people 17 living
18 with 20 and
19 dementia 20 and
20 and 22 caregivers
21 their 22 caregivers

background : chronic stress negatively affects health and well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
2 : 4 stress
2 : 6 affects
2 : 10 -
3 chronic 4 stress
4 stress 6 affects
5 negatively 6 affects
6 affects 8 and
7 health 8 and
8 and 9 well
10 - 11 being

a growing population of informal dementia caregivers experience chronic stress associated with extraordinary demands of caring for a relative with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 3 population
2 growing 3 population
3 population 4 of
3 population 7 caregivers
4 of 6 dementia
5 informal 6 dementia
7 caregivers 8 experience
8 experience 10 stress
8 experience 11 associated
9 chronic 10 stress
10 stress 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 demands
13 extraordinary 14 demands
14 demands 15 of
15 of 16 caring
16 caring 17 for
16 caring 20 with
17 for 19 relative
18 a 19 relative
20 with 21 dementia

this review summarizes physiological and functional changes due to chronic dementia caregiver stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 7 changes
3 summarizes 9 to
4 physiological 5 and
5 and 6 functional
5 and 7 changes
8 due 9 to
9 to 13 stress
10 chronic 13 stress
11 dementia 13 stress
12 caregiver 13 stress

methods : a literature search for papers assessing effects of dementia caregiving was conducted focusing on publications evaluating differences between caregivers and [non] [-] caregivers in objective measures of health and cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 22 and
3 a 5 search
4 literature 5 search
5 search 6 for
5 search 8 assessing
5 search 22 and
6 for 7 papers
8 assessing 9 effects
8 assessing 20 between
9 effects 10 of
9 effects 14 conducted
9 effects 15 focusing
10 of 11 dementia
11 dementia 12 caregiving
11 dementia 13 was
12 caregiving 13 was
15 focusing 16 on
16 on 17 publications
17 publications 18 evaluating
18 evaluating 19 differences
20 between 21 caregivers
22 and 25 caregivers
22 and 26 in
22 and 29 of
26 in 28 measures
27 objective 28 measures
29 of 31 and
30 health 31 and
31 and 32 cognition

results : the review identified 37 studies describing data from 4,145 participants including 749 dementia caregivers and 3,396 [non] - caregiver peers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 review
2 : 5 identified
2 : 17 and
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 review
4 review 5 identified
5 identified 7 studies
6 37 7 studies
7 studies 8 describing
8 describing 9 data
9 data 10 from
9 data 13 including
10 from 12 participants
11 4,145 12 participants
13 including 16 caregivers
14 749 16 caregivers
15 dementia 16 caregivers
17 and 18 3,396
17 and 20 -
18 3,396 20 -
20 - 22 peers
21 caregiver 22 peers

objective outcome measures affected in dementia caregivers included markers of dyscoagulation , inflammation , and cell aging as well as measures of immune [function] , sleep , and cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 objective 3 measures
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 affected
3 measures 8 included
4 affected 5 in
5 in 7 caregivers
6 dementia 7 caregivers
8 included 15 and
9 markers 10 of
9 markers 12 ,
10 of 11 dyscoagulation
12 , 13 inflammation
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 cell
15 and 17 aging
15 and 20 as
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 28 and
21 measures 22 of
21 measures 28 and
22 of 26 sleep
23 immune 25 ,
23 immune 26 sleep
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 cognition

though diverse in designs , samples , and study quality , the majority of the studies indicated increased vulnerability of dementia caregivers to detrimental changes in health and cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 though 16 studies
2 diverse 3 in
2 diverse 11 ,
2 diverse 16 studies
3 in 8 and
4 designs 5 ,
5 , 6 samples
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 quality
9 study 10 quality
12 the 13 majority
13 majority 14 of
13 majority 16 studies
14 of 16 studies
15 the 16 studies
16 studies 17 indicated
17 indicated 19 vulnerability
17 indicated 22 caregivers
18 increased 19 vulnerability
19 vulnerability 20 of
19 vulnerability 22 caregivers
20 of 21 dementia
22 caregivers 23 to
23 to 25 changes
24 detrimental 25 changes
25 changes 26 in
26 in 28 and
27 health 28 and
28 and 29 cognition

demographic and personality characteristics moderating or mediating effects of chronic stress in caregivers were also reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 demographic 2 and
2 and 4 characteristics
2 and 5 moderating
2 and 6 or
3 personality 4 characteristics
6 or 8 effects
6 or 9 of
6 or 14 were
7 mediating 8 effects
9 of 11 stress
10 chronic 11 stress
11 stress 12 in
12 in 13 caregivers
14 were 15 also
14 were 16 reviewed

conclusions : there is accumulating evidence that chronic dementia caregiver stress increases their vulnerability to disease and diminishes their ability to provide optimal care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 17 and
3 there 17 and
4 is 5 accumulating
4 is 17 and
5 accumulating 6 evidence
5 accumulating 15 to
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 11 stress
7 that 12 increases
8 chronic 9 dementia
9 dementia 11 stress
10 caregiver 11 stress
11 stress 12 increases
12 increases 14 vulnerability
13 their 14 vulnerability
15 to 16 disease
17 and 18 diminishes
18 diminishes 20 ability
19 their 20 ability
20 ability 21 to
20 ability 22 provide
21 to 22 provide
22 provide 24 care
23 optimal 24 care

clinicians and society need to appreciate the extent of deleterious effects of chronic stress on dementia caregiver health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 clinicians 2 and
2 and 3 society
2 and 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 6 appreciate
5 to 6 appreciate
6 appreciate 8 extent
6 appreciate 15 on
7 the 8 extent
8 extent 9 of
8 extent 12 of
9 of 11 effects
10 deleterious 11 effects
12 of 14 stress
13 chronic 14 stress
15 on 18 health
16 dementia 18 health
17 caregiver 18 health

background : over the past few decades , new care models that are more resident - oriented and directed [toward] small - scale and homelike environments have been developed worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 over
3 over 18 and
4 the 5 past
4 the 6 few
6 few 7 decades
7 decades 11 models
7 decades 17 oriented
7 decades 18 and
8 , 11 models
9 new 10 care
10 care 11 models
11 models 12 that
11 models 13 are
11 models 16 -
12 that 13 are
13 are 15 resident
14 more 15 resident
18 and 23 scale
19 directed 23 scale
21 small 22 -
21 small 23 scale
24 and 26 environments
24 and 29 developed
25 homelike 26 environments
26 environments 27 have
27 have 28 been
28 been 29 developed
29 developed 30 worldwide

the impact of these care models on the quality of life of residents has been studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 14 has
3 of 6 models
4 these 6 models
5 care 6 models
6 models 7 on
7 on 9 quality
8 the 9 quality
9 quality 10 of
10 of 11 life
11 life 12 of
12 of 13 residents
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 studied

however , little research has been conducted to gain insight into how these new care models influence healthcare staff 's work environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 research
3 little 4 research
4 research 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 to
8 to 9 gain
9 gain 10 insight
9 gain 11 into
11 into 12 how
12 how 16 models
12 how 17 influence
13 these 16 models
14 new 15 care
15 care 16 models
16 models 17 influence
17 influence 22 environment
18 healthcare 19 staff
19 staff 20 's
20 's 22 environment
21 work 22 environment

this study focuses on the consequences of small - scale care on staff 's perceived job characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 12 on
4 on 6 consequences
5 the 6 consequences
6 consequences 7 of
7 of 11 care
8 small 9 -
8 small 10 scale
10 scale 11 care
12 on 17 characteristics
13 staff 14 's
14 's 17 characteristics
15 perceived 16 job
16 job 17 characteristics

methods : data were derived from a sample of 136 dutch living arrangements providing nursing home care for people with dementia ( 2008/2009 ) , in which 1,327 residents and 1,147 staff participated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 home
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 derived
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 derived
5 derived 6 from
6 from 8 sample
7 a 8 sample
8 sample 9 of
8 sample 13 arrangements
8 sample 16 home
9 of 11 dutch
10 136 11 dutch
11 dutch 12 living
13 arrangements 14 providing
13 arrangements 16 home
14 providing 15 nursing
16 home 17 care
17 care 18 for
17 care 20 with
17 care 26 in
18 for 19 people
20 with 21 dementia
21 dementia 23 2008/2009
22 ( 23 2008/2009
23 2008/2009 24 )
25 , 26 in
26 in 27 which
26 in 30 and
26 in 33 participated
26 in 34 .
28 1,327 29 residents
29 residents 30 and
30 and 32 staff
30 and 33 participated
31 1,147 32 staff

the relationship between two indicators of small - scale care ( small - scale care characteristics and total number of residents with dementia in facility ) and staff 's job characteristics ( job demands , decision authority , coworker and supervisor support ) were studied with multilevel regression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 6 of
2 relationship 27 and
3 between 5 indicators
4 two 5 indicators
6 of 10 care
7 small 8 -
7 small 10 care
9 scale 10 care
10 care 17 and
11 ( 17 and
12 small 13 -
12 small 16 characteristics
14 scale 16 characteristics
15 care 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 and
17 and 19 number
17 and 20 of
17 and 22 with
17 and 26 )
18 total 19 number
20 of 21 residents
22 with 23 dementia
23 dementia 24 in
24 in 25 facility
27 and 31 characteristics
27 and 34 demands
28 staff 29 's
29 's 31 characteristics
30 job 31 characteristics
32 ( 34 demands
33 job 34 demands
34 demands 35 ,
35 , 40 and
35 , 49 analyses
36 decision 37 authority
37 authority 38 ,
38 , 39 coworker
38 , 40 and
40 and 42 support
40 and 43 )
40 and 44 were
41 supervisor 42 support
44 were 45 studied
45 studied 46 with
46 with 47 multilevel
47 multilevel 48 regression
47 multilevel 49 analyses
48 regression 49 analyses

all analyses were adjusted for staff , resident , and living arrangement characteristics when needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 all 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 were
3 were 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 for
4 adjusted 14 when
5 for 10 and
6 staff 7 ,
7 , 8 resident
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 characteristics
11 living 13 characteristics
12 arrangement 13 characteristics
14 when 15 needed

results : both indicators of small - scale care were associated with job demands ; staff perceived less time and work pressure as more characteristics of small - scale care were integrated and the facility had less residents with dementia in total . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 indicators
2 : 11 associated
2 : 15 ;
2 : 43 .
3 both 4 indicators
4 indicators 5 of
4 indicators 10 were
5 of 9 care
6 small 7 -
6 small 8 scale
8 scale 9 care
10 were 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 demands
13 job 14 demands
15 ; 33 and
16 staff 17 perceived
16 staff 20 and
17 perceived 19 time
18 less 19 time
20 and 22 pressure
20 and 32 integrated
20 and 33 and
21 work 22 pressure
23 as 25 characteristics
23 as 32 integrated
24 more 25 characteristics
25 characteristics 26 of
25 characteristics 31 were
26 of 30 care
27 small 28 -
27 small 29 scale
29 scale 30 care
31 were 32 integrated
33 and 35 facility
33 and 36 had
34 the 35 facility
36 had 37 less
36 had 38 residents
36 had 42 total
38 residents 39 with
39 with 40 dementia
41 in 42 total

only one indicator was associated with decision authority . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 only 2 one
2 one 3 indicator
3 indicator 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 authority
7 decision 8 authority

as more characteristics of small - scale care were integrated , staff 's perceived decision authority was higher . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 staff
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 as 3 characteristics
1 as 10 integrated
1 as 12 staff
2 more 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 of
3 characteristics 9 were
4 of 8 care
5 small 6 -
5 small 7 scale
7 scale 8 care
9 were 10 integrated
10 integrated 11 ,
12 staff 13 's
13 's 14 perceived
14 perceived 16 authority
14 perceived 17 was
15 decision 16 authority
16 authority 17 was
17 was 18 higher

no relationship was found with coworker and supervisor social support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 no 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 with
5 with 7 and
6 coworker 7 and
7 and 10 support
8 supervisor 10 support
9 social 10 support

conclusions : knowing that job demands and decision authority are important predictors of job appraisal and well - being , our findings show that small - scale care could have a beneficial impact on healthcare staff 's work environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 knowing
2 : 16 and
4 that 15 appraisal
5 job 15 appraisal
6 demands 7 and
7 and 8 decision
7 and 9 authority
7 and 13 of
7 and 15 appraisal
9 authority 10 are
10 are 12 predictors
11 important 12 predictors
12 predictors 13 of
14 job 15 appraisal
15 appraisal 16 and
16 and 17 well
18 - 19 being
18 - 20 ,
18 - 40 .
20 , 22 findings
20 , 23 show
21 our 22 findings
22 findings 23 show
23 show 27 scale
23 show 33 impact
23 show 34 on
24 that 27 scale
25 small 26 -
25 small 27 scale
27 scale 28 care
27 scale 30 have
28 care 29 could
29 could 30 have
31 a 33 impact
32 beneficial 33 impact
34 on 39 environment
35 healthcare 36 staff
36 staff 37 's
37 's 39 environment
38 work 39 environment

increasing evidence suggests that subjective cognitive decline ( scd ) is a potential predictor of future cognitive decline [or] dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 increasing 2 evidence
1 increasing 3 suggests
3 suggests 7 decline
3 suggests 11 is
4 that 7 decline
5 subjective 7 decline
6 cognitive 7 decline
7 decline 9 scd
7 decline 11 is
8 ( 9 scd
9 scd 10 )
11 is 14 predictor
12 a 14 predictor
13 potential 14 predictor
14 predictor 15 of
15 of 20 dementia
16 future 20 dementia
17 cognitive 18 decline
18 decline 20 dementia

we investigated whether scd in patients with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a predictor [of] future cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 4 scd
3 whether 14 is
4 scd 5 in
4 scd 14 is
5 in 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 10 disease
8 parkinson 9 's
9 's 10 disease
10 disease 12 pd
11 ( 12 pd
12 pd 13 )
14 is 20 decline
15 a 20 decline
16 predictor 20 decline
18 future 20 decline
19 cognitive 20 decline

forty - six cognitively normal patients with pd were selected using comprehensive neuropsychological tests , and classified depending on the presence ( pd - scd [(] [+] ) , n = 25 ) or absence of scd ( pd - scd [(] - ) , n = 21 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 6 patients
2 - 10 selected
2 - 50 .
3 six 6 patients
4 cognitively 5 normal
5 normal 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 9 were
7 with 8 pd
9 were 10 selected
10 selected 11 using
11 using 34 or
12 comprehensive 14 tests
13 neuropsychological 14 tests
14 tests 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 classified
16 and 18 depending
16 and 34 or
18 depending 19 on
18 depending 31 =
19 on 21 presence
20 the 21 presence
21 presence 23 pd
22 ( 23 pd
23 pd 25 scd
23 pd 29 ,
24 - 25 scd
25 scd 28 )
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 25
31 = 33 )
34 or 35 absence
34 or 36 of
34 or 39 pd
34 or 47 =
36 of 37 scd
38 ( 39 pd
39 pd 41 scd
39 pd 44 )
40 - 41 scd
41 scd 43 -
45 , 47 =
46 n 47 =
47 = 48 21
47 = 49 )

after a mean follow - up of 2.4 years , we repeated the cognitive assessments with the same subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 after 3 mean
1 after 4 follow
2 a 3 mean
5 - 11 we
5 - 12 repeated
5 - 20 .
6 up 11 we
7 of 9 years
7 of 10 ,
7 of 11 we
8 2.4 9 years
11 we 12 repeated
12 repeated 15 assessments
12 repeated 16 with
13 the 15 assessments
14 cognitive 15 assessments
16 with 19 subjects
17 the 18 same
18 same 19 subjects

the clinical characteristics and cognitive performance of the 2 groups did not differ at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 characteristics
2 clinical 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 and
4 and 6 performance
4 and 7 of
4 and 11 did
5 cognitive 6 performance
7 of 10 groups
8 the 9 2
9 2 10 groups
11 did 12 not
11 did 13 differ
13 differ 14 at
14 at 15 baseline

[at] [the] follow - up assessment , 11 patients in the pd - scd ( + [ )( [(] 44.0 % ) and [2] in the pd - scd ( - [ )( [(] 9.5 % ) were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment ( mci [ )(, and the pd - scd [(] [+] ) patients showed more rapid decline in semantic fluency and visuospatial memory tasks than those in the pd - scd [(] - [ )(group [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
4 - 5 up
4 - 13 -
5 up 6 assessment
6 assessment 9 patients
7 , 9 patients
8 11 9 patients
9 patients 10 in
9 patients 13 -
10 in 12 pd
11 the 12 pd
13 - 14 scd
13 - 23 and
14 scd 21 %
15 ( 21 %
16 + 20 44.0
20 44.0 21 %
21 % 22 )
23 and 29 scd
25 in 27 pd
25 in 28 -
25 in 29 scd
26 the 27 pd
29 scd 36 %
29 scd 38 were
30 ( 36 %
31 - 35 9.5
35 9.5 36 %
36 % 37 )
38 were 39 diagnosed
39 diagnosed 40 with
40 with 48 and
41 mild 48 and
42 cognitive 43 impairment
43 impairment 45 mci
44 ( 45 mci
45 mci 47 )(,
47 )(, 48 and
48 and 52 scd
48 and 56 patients
48 and 57 showed
49 the 52 scd
50 pd 52 scd
51 - 52 scd
52 scd 55 )
56 patients 57 showed
57 showed 60 decline
57 showed 61 in
57 showed 68 than
58 more 59 rapid
59 rapid 60 decline
61 in 64 and
62 semantic 63 fluency
63 fluency 64 and
64 and 67 tasks
65 visuospatial 66 memory
66 memory 67 tasks
68 than 69 those
69 those 70 in
70 in 78 )(group
71 the 78 )(group
72 pd 74 scd
73 - 74 scd
74 scd 76 -
74 scd 78 )(group

present results demonstrate that scd in cognitively normal patients with pd is an independent risk factor for incident mci and acts as a predictor [for] future cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 present 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 5 scd
3 demonstrate 20 and
4 that 5 scd
5 scd 6 in
5 scd 20 and
6 in 9 patients
7 cognitively 8 normal
8 normal 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
10 with 11 pd
12 is 16 factor
12 is 20 and
13 an 14 independent
13 an 16 factor
14 independent 16 factor
15 risk 16 factor
16 factor 17 for
17 for 18 incident
18 incident 19 mci
20 and 21 acts
20 and 22 as
22 as 28 decline
23 a 28 decline
24 predictor 28 decline
26 future 28 decline
27 cognitive 28 decline

background : dementia is an emerging health priority in australian aboriginal communities , but substantial gaps remain in our understanding of this issue , particularly for the large urban section of the population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 dementia
2 : 4 is
2 : 14 but
3 dementia 4 is
4 is 8 priority
5 an 8 priority
6 emerging 7 health
7 health 8 priority
8 priority 9 in
9 in 12 communities
10 australian 12 communities
11 aboriginal 12 communities
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 gaps
14 but 17 remain
15 substantial 16 gaps
16 gaps 17 remain
17 remain 18 in
17 remain 26 for
18 in 20 understanding
19 our 20 understanding
20 understanding 21 of
21 of 23 issue
22 this 23 issue
24 , 25 particularly
24 , 26 for
26 for 30 section
26 for 34 .
27 the 30 section
28 large 30 section
29 urban 30 section
30 section 31 of
31 of 33 population
32 the 33 population

in remote aboriginal communities , high prevalence rates of dementia at relatively young ages have been reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 4 communities
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 rates
2 remote 4 communities
3 aboriginal 4 communities
6 high 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 rates
8 rates 9 of
8 rates 15 have
9 of 10 dementia
10 dementia 11 at
11 at 14 ages
12 relatively 13 young
13 young 14 ages
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 reported

the current study is investigating aging , cognitive decline , and dementia in older urban/regional aboriginal australians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 is
4 is 5 investigating
5 investigating 11 and
5 investigating 13 in
6 aging 7 ,
7 , 9 decline
7 , 11 and
8 cognitive 9 decline
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 dementia
13 in 17 australians
14 older 17 australians
15 urban/regional 17 australians
16 aboriginal 17 australians

methods : we partnered with five aboriginal communities across the eastern australian state of new south wales , to undertake a census of all aboriginal men and women aged 60 years [and] over residing in these communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 partnered
2 : 18 ,
3 we 4 partnered
4 partnered 5 with
4 partnered 8 communities
4 partnered 9 across
5 with 6 five
7 aboriginal 8 communities
9 across 13 state
10 the 13 state
11 eastern 12 australian
12 australian 13 state
13 state 14 of
14 of 17 wales
15 new 16 south
16 south 17 wales
18 , 19 to
18 , 20 undertake
18 , 27 and
19 to 20 undertake
20 undertake 22 census
21 a 22 census
22 census 23 of
23 of 26 men
24 all 26 men
25 aboriginal 26 men
27 and 28 women
27 and 29 aged
28 women 29 aged
29 aged 33 over
29 aged 35 in
30 60 31 years
31 years 33 over
33 over 34 residing
35 in 37 communities
36 these 37 communities

this was followed by a survey of the health , well - being , and life history of all consenting participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 followed
3 followed 4 by
3 followed 11 well
4 by 6 survey
5 a 6 survey
6 survey 7 of
7 of 9 health
8 the 9 health
10 , 11 well
11 well 12 -
12 - 15 and
12 - 22 .
13 being 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 history
15 and 18 of
16 life 17 history
18 of 21 participants
19 all 21 participants
20 consenting 21 participants

participants were also screened using three cognitive instruments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 screened
3 also 4 screened
4 screened 5 using
5 using 8 instruments
6 three 8 instruments
7 cognitive 8 instruments

those scoring below designated cut - offs , and a 20 % random sample of those scoring above ( i.e [.] ["] normal " range ) [,] completed a contact person interview [(] with a nominated family member [ )(and medical assessment ( blind to initial screening results ) , which formed the basis of " gold standard " clinical consensus determinations of cognitive impairment and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designated
1 those 2 scoring
1 those 3 below
1 those 4 designated
4 designated 5 cut
4 designated 9 and
5 cut 7 offs
6 - 7 offs
7 offs 8 ,
9 and 14 sample
10 a 14 sample
11 20 12 %
12 % 14 sample
13 random 14 sample
14 sample 15 of
15 of 16 those
16 those 17 scoring
16 those 28 completed
17 scoring 18 above
17 scoring 25 range
17 scoring 28 completed
19 ( 25 range
20 i.e 25 range
23 normal 24 "
23 normal 25 range
25 range 26 )
28 completed 40 )(and
29 a 32 interview
30 contact 32 interview
31 person 32 interview
32 interview 34 with
32 interview 40 )(and
34 with 38 member
35 a 38 member
36 nominated 38 member
37 family 38 member
40 )(and 42 assessment
40 )(and 44 blind
40 )(and 51 which
41 medical 42 assessment
43 ( 44 blind
44 blind 45 to
44 blind 49 )
45 to 48 results
46 initial 48 results
47 screening 48 results
50 , 51 which
51 which 52 formed
52 formed 54 basis
53 the 54 basis
54 basis 55 of
55 of 56 "
55 of 66 and
57 gold 62 determinations
58 standard 59 "
58 standard 62 determinations
60 clinical 62 determinations
61 consensus 62 determinations
62 determinations 63 of
62 determinations 66 and
63 of 65 impairment
64 cognitive 65 impairment
66 and 67 dementia
66 and 68 .

conclusion : this paper details our protocol for a population - based study in collaboration with local aboriginal community organizations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 paper
2 : 5 details
2 : 11 -
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 details
5 details 7 protocol
5 details 8 for
6 our 7 protocol
8 for 10 population
9 a 10 population
11 - 13 study
12 based 13 study
13 study 14 in
14 in 15 collaboration
15 collaboration 16 with
16 with 20 organizations
17 local 20 organizations
18 aboriginal 20 organizations
19 community 20 organizations

the study will provide the first available prevalence rates for dementia and cognitive impairment in a representative sample of urban aboriginal people , [across] city and rural communities , where the majority of aboriginal australians live . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 will
3 will 4 provide
4 provide 9 rates
4 provide 15 in
5 the 9 rates
6 first 8 prevalence
7 available 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 rates
9 rates 10 for
10 for 12 and
11 dementia 12 and
12 and 14 impairment
13 cognitive 14 impairment
15 in 18 sample
16 a 18 sample
17 representative 18 sample
18 sample 19 of
19 of 26 and
20 urban 22 people
21 aboriginal 22 people
22 people 23 ,
23 , 25 city
23 , 26 and
26 and 28 communities
26 and 29 ,
26 and 30 where
27 rural 28 communities
30 where 32 majority
30 where 36 live
31 the 32 majority
32 majority 33 of
32 majority 36 live
33 of 35 australians
34 aboriginal 35 australians

it will also contribute to improved assessment of dementia and cognitive impairment and to the understanding of social determinants of successful aging , of international significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contribute
1 it 2 will
2 will 4 contribute
3 also 4 contribute
4 contribute 13 and
5 to 7 assessment
5 to 13 and
6 improved 7 assessment
7 assessment 8 of
8 of 12 impairment
9 dementia 10 and
10 and 11 cognitive
10 and 12 impairment
13 and 14 to
14 to 16 understanding
15 the 16 understanding
16 understanding 17 of
16 understanding 20 of
17 of 19 determinants
18 social 19 determinants
20 of 22 aging
21 successful 22 aging
22 aging 24 of
23 , 24 of
24 of 26 significance
24 of 27 .
25 international 26 significance

sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad+ ) - dependent deacylases that have traditionally been linked with calorie restriction and aging in mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirtuins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 sirtuins 2 are
2 are 5 dinucleotide
3 nicotinamide 5 dinucleotide
4 adenine 5 dinucleotide
5 dinucleotide 7 nad+
6 ( 7 nad+
7 nad+ 8 )
9 - 11 deacylases
10 dependent 11 deacylases
11 deacylases 12 that
11 deacylases 13 have
12 that 13 have
13 have 15 been
14 traditionally 15 been
15 been 16 linked
16 linked 17 with
16 linked 22 in
17 with 20 and
18 calorie 19 restriction
19 restriction 20 and
20 and 21 aging
22 in 23 mammals

these proteins also play an important role in maintaining neuronal health during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 proteins
2 proteins 4 play
3 also 4 play
4 play 7 role
4 play 8 in
5 an 6 important
5 an 7 role
6 important 7 role
8 in 9 maintaining
9 maintaining 11 health
9 maintaining 12 during
10 neuronal 11 health
12 during 13 aging

during neuronal development , the sir2 ortholog sirt1 is structurally important , promoting axonal elongation , neurite outgrowth , and dendritic branching . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
1 during 3 development
1 during 4 ,
1 during 8 sirt1
2 neuronal 3 development
5 the 7 ortholog
6 sir2 7 ortholog
7 ortholog 8 sirt1
8 sirt1 9 is
9 is 11 important
10 structurally 11 important
11 important 13 promoting
12 , 13 promoting
13 promoting 20 and
13 promoting 23 .
14 axonal 15 elongation
15 elongation 16 ,
16 , 18 outgrowth
16 , 20 and
17 neurite 18 outgrowth
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 dendritic
20 and 22 branching

this sirtuin also plays a role in memory formation by modulating synaptic plasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sirtuin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 sirtuin
2 sirtuin 4 plays
3 also 4 plays
4 plays 6 role
4 plays 7 in
4 plays 10 by
5 a 6 role
7 in 9 formation
8 memory 9 formation
10 by 13 plasticity
11 modulating 13 plasticity
12 synaptic 13 plasticity

hypothalamic functions that affect feeding behavior , endocrine function , and circadian rhythmicity are all regulated by sirt1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 hypothalamic 2 functions
2 functions 3 that
2 functions 4 affect
2 functions 14 are
3 that 4 affect
4 affect 11 and
5 feeding 6 behavior
6 behavior 7 ,
7 , 9 function
7 , 11 and
8 endocrine 9 function
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 rhythmicity
12 circadian 13 rhythmicity
14 are 16 regulated
15 all 16 regulated
16 regulated 17 by
17 by 18 sirt1

finally , sirt1 plays protective roles in several neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer 's , parkinson 's , and motor neuron diseases , which may relate to its functions in metabolism , stress resistance , and genomic stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 sirt1
3 sirt1 4 plays
4 plays 6 roles
4 plays 7 in
5 protective 6 roles
7 in 10 diseases
8 several 10 diseases
9 neurodegenerative 10 diseases
10 diseases 11 including
10 diseases 16 's
11 including 13 's
12 alzheimer 13 's
14 , 16 's
15 parkinson 16 's
16 's 17 ,
18 and 21 diseases
18 and 32 stress
19 motor 20 neuron
20 neuron 21 diseases
21 diseases 23 which
21 diseases 32 stress
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 may
23 which 31 ,
24 may 25 relate
25 relate 26 to
25 relate 29 in
26 to 28 functions
27 its 28 functions
29 in 30 metabolism
32 stress 35 and
33 resistance 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 stability
36 genomic 37 stability

drugs that activate sirt1 may offer a promising approach to treat these disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 drugs 2 that
1 drugs 3 activate
1 drugs 5 may
2 that 3 activate
3 activate 4 sirt1
5 may 6 offer
6 offer 9 approach
6 offer 10 to
7 a 8 promising
7 a 9 approach
8 promising 9 approach
10 to 11 treat
11 treat 13 disorders
12 these 13 disorders

drawing upon interviews and participant observation conducted with hundreds of middle - aged and elderly chinese women in rural and urban neighborhoods in beijing municipality between 1993 and 2012 , this paper explores the emergence of revolutionary new narratives of self [-] compassion among older women in reform - era beijing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 middle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 drawing 2 upon
1 drawing 4 and
2 upon 3 interviews
4 and 5 participant
4 and 6 observation
4 and 10 of
4 and 11 middle
6 observation 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 with
8 with 9 hundreds
9 hundreds 10 of
12 - 17 women
12 - 30 ,
13 aged 14 and
14 and 15 elderly
14 and 17 women
16 chinese 17 women
17 women 18 in
17 women 23 in
18 in 22 neighborhoods
19 rural 20 and
20 and 21 urban
20 and 22 neighborhoods
23 in 25 municipality
24 beijing 25 municipality
25 municipality 28 and
26 between 28 and
27 1993 28 and
28 and 29 2012
30 , 32 paper
30 , 33 explores
30 , 49 -
31 this 32 paper
32 paper 33 explores
33 explores 35 emergence
34 the 35 emergence
35 emergence 36 of
35 emergence 40 of
35 emergence 47 in
36 of 39 narratives
37 revolutionary 39 narratives
38 new 39 narratives
40 of 43 compassion
41 self 43 compassion
43 compassion 44 among
44 among 46 women
45 older 46 women
47 in 48 reform
49 - 51 beijing
50 era 51 beijing

taught before 1949 that [they] should first and [foremost] serve their families [and] after 1949 that they should put their own individual needs aside and serve the party and the masses , many older chinese women in beijing - [after] the seeds of market reform were sown in the late 1970s - slowly [began] to focus more attention than before on themselves , their past and present experiences , sources [of] and solutions to past and present distress , and their own personal enjoyment of everyday life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 taught 2 before
1 taught 7 first
1 taught 8 and
2 before 3 1949
3 1949 4 that
3 1949 6 should
4 that 6 should
8 and 10 serve
10 serve 12 families
10 serve 14 after
11 their 12 families
14 after 15 1949
15 1949 16 that
15 1949 25 and
16 that 17 they
16 that 25 and
17 they 25 and
18 should 19 put
18 should 25 and
19 put 23 needs
19 put 24 aside
20 their 21 own
20 their 23 needs
22 individual 23 needs
25 and 26 serve
26 serve 29 and
27 the 29 and
28 party 29 and
29 and 31 masses
29 and 39 -
30 the 31 masses
32 , 39 -
33 many 36 women
34 older 36 women
35 chinese 36 women
36 women 37 in
36 women 39 -
37 in 38 beijing
39 - 42 seeds
41 the 42 seeds
42 seeds 43 of
42 seeds 47 sown
43 of 44 market
44 market 45 reform
44 market 46 were
45 reform 46 were
47 sown 48 in
47 sown 55 to
48 in 51 1970s
49 the 51 1970s
50 late 51 1970s
52 - 55 to
53 slowly 55 to
55 to 56 focus
56 focus 68 experiences
57 more 58 attention
58 attention 59 than
58 attention 60 before
58 attention 61 on
58 attention 63 ,
61 on 62 themselves
63 , 65 past
63 , 66 and
64 their 65 past
66 and 67 present
66 and 68 experiences
68 experiences 80 and
69 , 80 and
70 sources 72 and
72 and 73 solutions
72 and 74 to
72 and 76 and
74 to 75 past
76 and 78 distress
76 and 79 ,
76 and 80 and
77 present 78 distress
80 and 84 enjoyment
80 and 85 of
80 and 88 .
81 their 82 own
81 their 84 enjoyment
83 personal 84 enjoyment
85 of 87 life
86 everyday 87 life

the analysis shows how western theories of both gero - transcendence and individualization as modernization are insufficient to account for the complex cultural formations of self [-] care that have developed among older women in the first decades of post - mao china . 
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 shows
3 shows 4 how
4 how 6 theories
4 how 19 account
5 western 6 theories
6 theories 7 of
6 theories 12 and
6 theories 18 to
6 theories 19 account
7 of 8 both
9 gero 10 -
9 gero 11 transcendence
11 transcendence 12 and
12 and 13 individualization
12 and 14 as
12 and 16 are
14 as 15 modernization
16 are 17 insufficient
17 insufficient 18 to
19 account 20 for
19 account 32 among
20 for 24 formations
21 the 24 formations
22 complex 24 formations
23 cultural 24 formations
24 formations 25 of
24 formations 29 that
24 formations 30 have
25 of 28 care
26 self 28 care
29 that 30 have
30 have 31 developed
32 among 34 women
33 older 34 women
34 women 35 in
34 women 39 of
34 women 43 china
35 in 38 decades
36 the 37 first
36 the 38 decades
39 of 40 post
41 - 43 china
42 mao 43 china
43 china 44 .

background : there is growing evidence for the ongoing structural and functional adaptation of the skin after birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 19 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
5 growing 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 for
6 evidence 14 of
7 for 13 adaptation
8 the 13 adaptation
9 ongoing 13 adaptation
10 structural 11 and
11 and 12 functional
11 and 13 adaptation
14 of 16 skin
15 the 16 skin
16 skin 17 after
17 after 18 birth

objectives : the aim of this study was the definition of scanning electron microscopy markers of skin maturation in different age groups ( birth to adulthood ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 10 definition
9 the 10 definition
10 definition 11 of
11 of 12 scanning
12 scanning 15 markers
12 scanning 19 in
13 electron 15 markers
14 microscopy 15 markers
15 markers 16 of
16 of 18 maturation
17 skin 18 maturation
19 in 22 groups
20 different 21 age
21 age 22 groups
22 groups 24 birth
23 ( 24 birth
24 birth 25 to
24 birth 27 )
25 to 26 adulthood

we propose a semiquantitative score to analyse the maturation of the skin surface and a complementary evaluation of the distribution of corneodesmosin and corneodesmosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 23 and
2 propose 5 score
2 propose 6 to
2 propose 23 and
3 a 4 semiquantitative
3 a 5 score
4 semiquantitative 5 score
6 to 7 analyse
7 analyse 9 maturation
8 the 9 maturation
9 maturation 10 of
9 maturation 18 of
10 of 14 and
11 the 13 surface
12 skin 13 surface
13 surface 14 and
14 and 17 evaluation
15 a 16 complementary
15 a 17 evaluation
16 complementary 17 evaluation
18 of 20 distribution
19 the 20 distribution
20 distribution 21 of
21 of 22 corneodesmosin
23 and 24 corneodesmosomes

material and methods : an electron microscopy isotropy ( e.m.i [.] ) score was performed in six age - groups to include fullterm neonates , babies , children and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 13 score
4 : 15 performed
4 : 25 ,
4 : 31 .
5 an 13 score
6 electron 13 score
7 microscopy 13 score
8 isotropy 10 e.m.i
8 isotropy 12 )
8 isotropy 13 score
9 ( 10 e.m.i
10 e.m.i 12 )
13 score 14 was
14 was 15 performed
15 performed 16 in
16 in 18 age
17 six 18 age
18 age 20 groups
19 - 20 groups
20 groups 21 to
20 groups 22 include
20 groups 25 ,
21 to 22 include
22 include 24 neonates
23 fullterm 24 neonates
25 , 29 and
26 babies 27 ,
27 , 28 children
27 , 29 and
29 and 30 adults

the distribution of corneodesmosome remnants was analysed by corneodesmosin distribution with immunocytochemical corneocyte labelling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 distribution
2 distribution 3 of
2 distribution 6 was
3 of 5 remnants
4 corneodesmosome 5 remnants
6 was 7 analysed
7 analysed 8 by
7 analysed 11 with
8 by 10 distribution
9 corneodesmosin 10 distribution
11 with 14 labelling
12 immunocytochemical 14 labelling
13 corneocyte 14 labelling

results : the e.m.i . score [showed] the highest anisotropy in neonates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 e.m.i
3 the 4 e.m.i
5 . 6 score
5 . 13 .
6 score 10 anisotropy
6 score 11 in
8 the 9 highest
8 the 10 anisotropy
11 in 12 neonates

the youngest groups displayed irregular and thick cell clusters composed of poorly individualized cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 youngest
1 the 3 groups
3 groups 4 displayed
4 displayed 9 clusters
5 irregular 6 and
6 and 7 thick
6 and 8 cell
8 cell 9 clusters
9 clusters 11 of
10 composed 11 of
11 of 14 cells
12 poorly 13 individualized
13 individualized 14 cells

in the older groups , the distribution of superficial corneocytes was more regular . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 groups
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 distribution
2 the 4 groups
3 older 4 groups
6 the 7 distribution
7 distribution 8 of
7 distribution 11 was
8 of 10 corneocytes
9 superficial 10 corneocytes
11 was 13 regular
12 more 13 regular

the cells evenly covered the surface and displayed easily visualized single cell outlines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 visualized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 cells
2 cells 7 and
2 cells 10 visualized
3 evenly 4 covered
4 covered 6 surface
4 covered 7 and
5 the 6 surface
7 and 8 displayed
9 easily 10 visualized
10 visualized 13 outlines
11 single 12 cell
12 cell 13 outlines

the distribution of immune - labelled corneodesmosome remnants and the corneocyte projected area showed a correlation between age and structural maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 distribution
2 distribution 3 of
2 distribution 9 and
3 of 8 remnants
4 immune 5 -
4 immune 8 remnants
6 labelled 8 remnants
7 corneodesmosome 8 remnants
9 and 13 area
9 and 14 showed
10 the 13 area
11 corneocyte 13 area
12 projected 13 area
14 showed 16 correlation
14 showed 19 and
15 a 16 correlation
16 correlation 17 between
17 between 18 age
19 and 21 maturation
20 structural 21 maturation

the observed evolution indicated a poorly controlled process of corneocyte desquamation in infants and confirmed the relative immaturity of the epidermal barrier up to 1 - 2 years after birth under basal conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 evolution
2 observed 3 evolution
3 evolution 14 and
4 indicated 8 process
4 indicated 14 and
5 a 8 process
6 poorly 7 controlled
7 controlled 8 process
8 process 9 of
8 process 12 in
9 of 11 desquamation
10 corneocyte 11 desquamation
12 in 13 infants
14 and 15 confirmed
14 and 29 after
14 and 31 under
15 confirmed 18 immaturity
16 the 18 immaturity
17 relative 18 immaturity
18 immaturity 19 of
18 immaturity 23 up
19 of 22 barrier
20 the 22 barrier
21 epidermal 22 barrier
23 up 24 to
24 to 28 years
25 1 26 -
26 - 27 2
26 - 28 years
29 after 30 birth
31 under 33 conditions
32 basal 33 conditions

conclusion : our study is the first attempt [at] semiquantitative evaluation of the micromorphology maturation of the epidermal surface at the ultrastructural level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 is
2 : 24 .
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 is
5 is 11 evaluation
6 the 7 first
6 the 11 evaluation
8 attempt 11 evaluation
10 semiquantitative 11 evaluation
11 evaluation 12 of
12 of 15 maturation
13 the 15 maturation
14 micromorphology 15 maturation
15 maturation 16 of
16 of 19 surface
17 the 19 surface
18 epidermal 19 surface
19 surface 20 at
20 at 23 level
21 the 23 level
22 ultrastructural 23 level

the e.m.i . score and the associated pattern of corneodesmosome breakdown may be used as markers of the stratum corneum maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 e.m.i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 .
1 the 2 e.m.i
3 . 4 score
3 . 5 and
3 . 22 .
5 and 8 pattern
5 and 14 used
6 the 8 pattern
7 associated 8 pattern
8 pattern 9 of
8 pattern 12 may
9 of 11 breakdown
10 corneodesmosome 11 breakdown
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 used
14 used 15 as
15 as 16 markers
16 markers 17 of
17 of 21 maturation
18 the 21 maturation
19 stratum 21 maturation
20 corneum 21 maturation

objectives : to assess the differences in antipsychotic drug prescription rates in residents with dementia in dementia special care units ( scus ) of dutch nursing homes , considering the differences in patient characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 differences
4 assess 7 in
4 assess 12 in
4 assess 29 considering
5 the 6 differences
7 in 11 rates
8 antipsychotic 9 drug
9 drug 11 rates
10 prescription 11 rates
12 in 13 residents
13 residents 14 with
13 residents 16 in
13 residents 24 of
14 with 15 dementia
16 in 20 units
17 dementia 20 units
18 special 20 units
19 care 20 units
20 units 22 scus
21 ( 22 scus
22 scus 23 )
24 of 27 homes
25 dutch 27 homes
26 nursing 27 homes
28 , 29 considering
29 considering 31 differences
29 considering 32 in
29 considering 35 .
30 the 31 differences
32 in 34 characteristics
33 patient 34 characteristics

method : as part of the waalbed - [ii] study , the data on antipsychotic drug use in 290 patients were collected and the global deterioration scale ( gds [ )(stage , type of dementia and behaviour ( cohen - mansfield agitation inventory ( cmai [ )( ( [measured] in 14 scus in nine nursing homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 data
3 as 4 part
3 as 13 data
4 part 5 of
5 of 7 waalbed
6 the 7 waalbed
7 waalbed 10 study
8 - 10 study
10 study 11 ,
12 the 13 data
13 data 14 on
13 data 21 were
14 on 17 use
15 antipsychotic 17 use
16 drug 17 use
17 use 18 in
18 in 20 patients
19 290 20 patients
21 were 23 and
22 collected 23 and
23 and 33 type
24 the 33 type
25 global 26 deterioration
26 deterioration 27 scale
27 scale 31 )(stage
27 scale 33 type
28 ( 31 )(stage
29 gds 31 )(stage
31 )(stage 32 ,
33 type 34 of
34 of 36 and
35 dementia 36 and
36 and 37 behaviour
36 and 39 cohen
36 and 45 cmai
38 ( 39 cohen
39 cohen 40 -
40 - 45 cmai
41 mansfield 42 agitation
42 agitation 43 inventory
43 inventory 45 cmai
44 ( 45 cmai
45 cmai 47 )(
45 cmai 50 in
45 cmai 57 .
50 in 52 scus
51 14 52 scus
52 scus 53 in
52 scus 55 nursing
53 in 54 nine
55 nursing 56 homes

a multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the difference in antipsychotic drug prescription rates between dementia scus adjusted for age , gender , gds stage , type of dementia and cmai factor scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 a 5 model
2 multilevel 3 logistic
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 11 difference
9 assess 34 factor
10 the 11 difference
11 difference 12 in
11 difference 16 rates
12 in 15 prescription
13 antipsychotic 14 drug
14 drug 15 prescription
16 rates 17 between
17 between 18 dementia
18 dementia 32 and
18 dementia 34 factor
19 scus 20 adjusted
19 scus 23 ,
20 adjusted 21 for
21 for 22 age
23 , 24 gender
23 , 25 ,
25 , 27 stage
25 , 28 ,
26 gds 27 stage
28 , 30 of
28 , 32 and
29 type 30 of
30 of 31 dementia
32 and 33 cmai
32 and 34 factor
34 factor 35 scores

results : two hundred and ninety residents met the inclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 residents
2 : 8 met
2 : 12 .
3 two 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 ninety
6 ninety 7 residents
7 residents 8 met
8 met 11 criteria
9 the 11 criteria
10 inclusion 11 criteria

thirty - two per cent were prescribed an antipsychotic drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prescribed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 thirty 3 two
1 thirty 6 were
1 thirty 7 prescribed
2 - 3 two
3 two 6 were
4 per 5 cent
5 cent 6 were
7 prescribed 10 drug
8 an 9 antipsychotic
8 an 10 drug
9 antipsychotic 10 drug

antipsychotic drugs were more often prescribed in patients with physically aggressive [and] [non] - aggressive behaviour and in patients with mixed dementia ( vascular/alzheimer's ) than in patients with other types of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 prescribed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 antipsychotic 2 drugs
2 drugs 3 were
3 were 5 often
3 were 6 prescribed
4 more 5 often
6 prescribed 7 in
6 prescribed 17 and
6 prescribed 20 with
6 prescribed 26 than
7 in 8 patients
9 with 16 behaviour
9 with 17 and
10 physically 11 aggressive
11 aggressive 14 -
11 aggressive 16 behaviour
15 aggressive 16 behaviour
17 and 18 in
18 in 19 patients
20 with 22 dementia
21 mixed 22 dementia
22 dementia 24 vascular/alzheimer's
23 ( 24 vascular/alzheimer's
24 vascular/alzheimer's 25 )
26 than 27 in
27 in 28 patients
28 patients 29 with
29 with 31 types
30 other 31 types
31 types 32 of
32 of 33 dementia

antipsychotic drug prescriptions significantly differed among the dementia scus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prescriptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 antipsychotic 2 drug
2 drug 3 prescriptions
3 prescriptions 5 differed
4 significantly 5 differed
5 differed 6 among
6 among 9 scus
7 the 8 dementia
8 dementia 9 scus

the odds of antipsychotic drug use for patients in the scu with the highest prevalence of drug use were 2.76 ( 95 % confidence interval ( [ci] [ )(1.14 - 6.69 ) times as high as for the scu with the lowest prevalence of drug use , taking the patient characteristics into account . 
1 the 2 odds
2 odds 3 of
2 odds 19 were
3 of 6 use
4 antipsychotic 5 drug
5 drug 6 use
6 use 7 for
6 use 12 with
6 use 16 of
7 for 8 patients
8 patients 9 in
9 in 11 scu
10 the 11 scu
12 with 15 prevalence
13 the 14 highest
13 the 15 prevalence
16 of 18 use
17 drug 18 use
19 were 20 2.76
20 2.76 33 times
21 ( 33 times
22 95 33 times
23 % 24 confidence
24 confidence 33 times
25 interval 33 times
26 ( 30 -
29 )(1.14 30 -
30 - 31 6.69
30 - 32 )
30 - 33 times
33 times 35 high
33 times 54 .
34 as 35 high
35 high 36 as
35 high 40 with
36 as 37 for
37 for 39 scu
38 the 39 scu
40 with 43 prevalence
41 the 42 lowest
41 the 43 prevalence
43 prevalence 44 of
43 prevalence 48 taking
44 of 46 use
45 drug 46 use
47 , 48 taking
48 taking 51 characteristics
48 taking 53 account
48 taking 54 .
49 the 51 characteristics
50 patient 51 characteristics
52 into 53 account

conclusion : antipsychotic drug use in nursing home residents with dementia is not only predicted by the type of dementia and patient behaviour , but it is independently associated with the dementia scu at which the patient resides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 antipsychotic
2 : 16 by
3 antipsychotic 5 use
3 antipsychotic 12 is
3 antipsychotic 15 predicted
4 drug 5 use
5 use 6 in
5 use 12 is
6 in 7 nursing
7 nursing 8 home
7 nursing 9 residents
9 residents 10 with
10 with 11 dementia
12 is 13 not
14 only 15 predicted
16 by 21 and
17 the 19 of
18 type 19 of
19 of 20 dementia
19 of 21 and
21 and 23 behaviour
22 patient 23 behaviour
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 it
25 but 29 associated
26 it 27 is
27 is 29 associated
28 independently 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 32 dementia
30 with 33 scu
31 the 32 dementia
33 scu 34 at
34 at 35 which
34 at 37 patient
34 at 38 resides
36 the 37 patient
37 patient 38 resides

this result indicates that antipsychotic drugs are not only prescribed for their clinical indications ( agitation/aggression ) but [are] associated with environmental factors that may reflect a specific nursing home prescribing culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 result
2 result 18 but
3 indicates 4 that
3 indicates 18 but
4 that 6 drugs
4 that 10 prescribed
5 antipsychotic 6 drugs
6 drugs 7 are
7 are 8 not
7 are 9 only
7 are 10 prescribed
10 prescribed 11 for
11 for 14 indications
12 their 14 indications
13 clinical 14 indications
14 indications 16 agitation/aggression
15 ( 16 agitation/aggression
16 agitation/aggression 17 )
18 but 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 23 factors
22 environmental 23 factors
23 factors 24 that
23 factors 25 may
23 factors 31 prescribing
24 that 25 may
25 may 26 reflect
26 reflect 30 home
27 a 28 specific
27 a 30 home
28 specific 29 nursing
29 nursing 30 home
31 prescribing 32 culture

background : currently , there is not enough echocardiographic information regarding aging - associated changes in the octogenarian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 5 there
2 : 6 is
2 : 13 -
3 currently 4 ,
3 currently 5 there
5 there 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 11 regarding
8 enough 11 regarding
9 echocardiographic 10 information
10 information 11 regarding
11 regarding 12 aging
13 - 15 changes
14 associated 15 changes
15 changes 16 in
16 in 19 population
17 the 19 population
18 octogenarian 19 population

we aimed to characterize echocardiographic measures of structure and function among a group of healthy octogenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 characterize
3 to 4 characterize
4 characterize 6 measures
4 characterize 11 among
5 echocardiographic 6 measures
6 measures 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 structure 9 and
9 and 10 function
11 among 16 octogenarians
12 a 13 group
13 group 14 of
13 group 16 octogenarians
14 of 16 octogenarians
15 healthy 16 octogenarians

methods : approximately 350 octogenarians , residing in nursing homes , were screened in ankara , turkey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 octogenarians
2 : 13 screened
2 : 16 ,
2 : 18 .
3 approximately 4 350
4 350 5 octogenarians
5 octogenarians 7 residing
5 octogenarians 12 were
6 , 7 residing
7 residing 8 in
7 residing 11 ,
8 in 9 nursing
9 nursing 10 homes
12 were 13 screened
13 screened 14 in
14 in 15 ankara
16 , 17 turkey

according to inclusion criteria , 40 octogenarians were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 octogenarians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 enrolled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 criteria
2 to 5 ,
2 to 7 octogenarians
3 inclusion 4 criteria
6 40 7 octogenarians
7 octogenarians 8 were
8 were 9 enrolled

these subjects underwent conventional and tissue doppler echocardiography according to the guidelines of the american society of echocardiography ( ase ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 underwent
3 underwent 5 and
3 underwent 10 to
4 conventional 5 and
5 and 8 echocardiography
6 tissue 8 echocardiography
7 doppler 8 echocardiography
9 according 10 to
10 to 12 guidelines
11 the 12 guidelines
12 guidelines 13 of
12 guidelines 17 of
13 of 16 society
14 the 16 society
15 american 16 society
17 of 20 ase
18 echocardiography 20 ase
19 ( 20 ase
20 ase 21 )

the population [was] also separated into various groups according to gender , body mass index [(] bmi , < 25 vs [.] 25 - 29.9 ) , and blood pressure ( < 80/120 mmhg vs [.] 80 - 89/120 - 139 mmhg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 population
2 population 5 separated
2 population 28 and
4 also 5 separated
5 separated 6 into
5 separated 10 to
6 into 8 groups
7 various 8 groups
9 according 10 to
10 to 11 gender
11 gender 17 bmi
11 gender 20 25
12 , 17 bmi
13 body 14 mass
14 mass 15 index
15 index 17 bmi
17 bmi 18 ,
18 , 20 25
19 < 20 25
20 25 21 vs
20 25 26 )
21 vs 24 -
23 25 24 -
24 - 25 29.9
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 pressure
28 and 40 -
29 blood 30 pressure
31 ( 40 -
32 < 34 mmhg
33 80/120 34 mmhg
34 mmhg 35 vs
34 mmhg 40 -
35 vs 38 -
37 80 38 -
38 - 39 89/120
40 - 42 mmhg
40 - 43 )
41 139 42 mmhg

all measurements were indexed by dividing to body surface area ( bsa ) for standardization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indexed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 all 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 indexed
4 indexed 5 by
4 indexed 7 to
4 indexed 14 for
5 by 6 dividing
7 to 10 area
8 body 10 area
9 surface 10 area
10 area 12 bsa
11 ( 12 bsa
12 bsa 13 )
14 for 15 standardization

results : left [ventricular] [mass] ( lvm ) , posterior wall thickness , right [ventricular] diameter , tricuspid e/a ratio , and septal [e] ['] - wave velocity were significantly higher in men , which lost significance after adjusting for bsa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 left
3 left 7 lvm
6 ( 7 lvm
7 lvm 8 )
9 , 12 thickness
9 , 13 ,
10 posterior 12 thickness
11 wall 12 thickness
13 , 22 and
14 right 22 and
16 diameter 17 ,
17 , 20 ratio
17 , 22 and
18 tricuspid 20 ratio
19 e/a 20 ratio
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 velocity
22 and 29 were
23 septal 26 -
23 septal 28 velocity
27 wave 28 velocity
29 were 31 higher
29 were 32 in
30 significantly 31 higher
32 in 33 men
33 men 35 which
34 , 35 which
35 which 36 lost
35 which 42 .
36 lost 37 significance
37 significance 38 after
38 after 39 adjusting
39 adjusting 40 for
40 for 41 bsa

there was no significant difference between groups formed by bmi and blood pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
2 was 6 between
2 was 9 by
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
6 between 7 groups
7 groups 8 formed
9 by 11 and
10 bmi 11 and
11 and 13 pressure
12 blood 13 pressure

moreover , mild global left and right [ventricular] dysfunction including a prominent diastolic counterpart , however , with normal ejection [fraction] was revealed using conventional and tissue doppler techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 9 dysfunction
3 mild 9 dysfunction
4 global 9 dysfunction
5 left 6 and
6 and 7 right
6 and 9 dysfunction
9 dysfunction 10 including
9 dysfunction 22 was
10 including 14 counterpart
10 including 16 however
10 including 18 with
11 a 12 prominent
11 a 14 counterpart
12 prominent 14 counterpart
13 diastolic 14 counterpart
15 , 16 however
16 however 17 ,
18 with 20 ejection
19 normal 20 ejection
22 was 23 revealed
23 revealed 24 using
24 using 26 and
25 conventional 26 and
26 and 29 techniques
27 tissue 29 techniques
28 doppler 29 techniques

finally , we checked our results with the current reference values of the ase and observed the following differences : [ventricular] septum , relative wall thickness , lvm , and mass index values were above ase reference range , posterior wall measurements were close to upper range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 15 and
4 checked 6 results
4 checked 15 and
5 our 6 results
6 results 7 with
6 results 10 reference
6 results 11 values
6 results 12 of
7 with 9 current
8 the 9 current
10 reference 11 values
12 of 14 ase
13 the 14 ase
15 and 16 observed
16 observed 19 differences
17 the 18 following
17 the 19 differences
20 : 30 and
20 : 39 ,
22 septum 23 ,
23 , 26 thickness
23 , 27 ,
24 relative 25 wall
25 wall 26 thickness
27 , 28 lvm
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 index
30 and 33 values
30 and 34 were
30 and 35 above
31 mass 32 index
33 values 34 were
35 above 38 range
36 ase 37 reference
37 reference 38 range
39 , 40 posterior
39 , 43 were
40 posterior 43 were
41 wall 42 measurements
42 measurements 43 were
43 were 44 close
44 close 45 to
45 to 47 range
46 upper 47 range

on the contrary , left [ventricular] diameters and volumes were below ase reference range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 on 3 contrary
1 on 4 ,
1 on 8 and
2 the 3 contrary
5 left 7 diameters
7 diameters 8 and
8 and 9 volumes
8 and 10 were
10 were 11 below
11 below 14 range
12 ase 14 range
13 reference 14 range

conclusions : we described echocardiographic measures of structure and function in a group of healthy octogenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 described
3 we 4 described
4 described 6 measures
4 described 11 in
5 echocardiographic 6 measures
6 measures 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 structure 9 and
9 and 10 function
11 in 16 octogenarians
12 a 13 group
13 group 14 of
13 group 16 octogenarians
14 of 16 octogenarians
15 healthy 16 octogenarians

aim : the present study evaluated the association between changes in physical functioning and a variety of factors in an older population in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 evaluated
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 8 association
6 evaluated 9 between
6 evaluated 11 in
7 the 8 association
9 between 10 changes
11 in 14 and
12 physical 13 functioning
13 functioning 14 and
14 and 16 variety
14 and 17 of
14 and 23 in
15 a 16 variety
17 of 18 factors
18 factors 19 in
19 in 22 population
20 an 22 population
21 older 22 population
23 in 24 taiwan

methods : the data of 907 participants were derived from a three [-] wave cohort study of aging , the functioning and aging study in taipei , with a study period from 2005 to 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 9 derived
2 : 19 ,
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 of
4 data 8 were
5 of 7 participants
6 907 7 participants
8 were 9 derived
9 derived 10 from
10 from 16 study
11 a 16 study
12 three 16 study
14 wave 15 cohort
15 cohort 16 study
16 study 17 of
17 of 18 aging
19 , 22 and
20 the 21 functioning
21 functioning 22 and
22 and 24 study
22 and 25 in
22 and 28 with
23 aging 24 study
25 in 26 taipei
27 , 28 with
28 with 30 study
28 with 31 period
28 with 36 .
29 a 30 study
31 period 34 to
32 from 34 to
33 2005 34 to
34 to 35 2009

functional status was assessed using activities of daily living , instrumental activities of daily living and mobility tasks , and classified as being normal , with mild disability , moderate disability , and severe disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 functional
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 functional 3 was
1 functional 5 using
1 functional 22 as
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
5 using 20 and
6 activities 7 of
6 activities 10 ,
7 of 9 living
8 daily 9 living
10 , 12 activities
10 , 16 and
11 instrumental 12 activities
12 activities 13 of
13 of 15 living
14 daily 15 living
16 and 18 tasks
16 and 20 and
17 mobility 18 tasks
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 classified
22 as 35 disability
23 being 35 disability
24 normal 26 with
24 normal 33 and
25 , 26 with
26 with 28 disability
26 with 32 ,
27 mild 28 disability
28 disability 31 disability
29 , 31 disability
30 moderate 31 disability
31 disability 32 ,
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 severe
33 and 35 disability

all potential factors were allocated into five groups including demography , chronic diseases , geriatric conditions , lifestyle and physical assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 allocated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 all 3 factors
2 potential 3 factors
3 factors 4 were
4 were 5 allocated
5 allocated 6 into
6 into 19 and
7 five 8 groups
8 groups 9 including
8 groups 11 ,
9 including 10 demography
11 , 13 diseases
11 , 14 ,
12 chronic 13 diseases
14 , 16 conditions
14 , 17 ,
15 geriatric 16 conditions
17 , 18 lifestyle
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 assessments
20 physical 21 assessments

generalized estimating equations and generalized linear [mixed] - effects models were used to identify factors responsible for changes in physical functioning across different waves of data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 generalized 3 equations
1 generalized 4 and
2 estimating 3 equations
4 and 5 generalized
5 generalized 9 effects
5 generalized 19 in
5 generalized 22 across
6 linear 8 -
6 linear 9 effects
9 effects 10 models
9 effects 14 identify
10 models 11 were
11 were 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 identify
13 to 14 identify
14 identify 15 factors
15 factors 16 responsible
16 responsible 17 for
17 for 18 changes
19 in 21 functioning
20 physical 21 functioning
22 across 24 waves
23 different 24 waves
24 waves 25 of
25 of 26 data

results : the proportion of elderly participants with normal function decreased [with] time throughout the study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 proportion
2 : 8 with
2 : 14 throughout
3 the 4 proportion
4 proportion 5 of
5 of 7 participants
6 elderly 7 participants
8 with 13 time
9 normal 10 function
10 function 11 decreased
11 decreased 13 time
14 throughout 17 period
15 the 17 period
16 study 17 period

the results of generalized estimating equations and mixed effects models showed nearly identical sets of factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 7 and
3 of 4 generalized
4 generalized 5 estimating
5 estimating 6 equations
7 and 9 effects
7 and 10 models
7 and 11 showed
8 mixed 9 effects
10 models 11 showed
11 showed 14 sets
12 nearly 13 identical
13 identical 14 sets
14 sets 15 of
15 of 16 factors

these included age , living arrangements , social support , self - rated health , stroke , diabetes , parkinson 's disease , osteoporosis , depression , cognition , vision , history [of] fracture and [falls] [,] incontinence of urine and feces , physical activity , body mass index , and short physical performance battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 's
1 these 2 included
2 included 3 age
2 included 5 living
4 , 5 living
5 living 6 arrangements
5 living 7 ,
7 , 9 support
7 , 10 ,
8 social 9 support
10 , 11 self
10 , 12 -
12 - 15 ,
12 - 17 ,
13 rated 14 health
13 rated 15 ,
15 , 16 stroke
17 , 18 diabetes
17 , 19 ,
19 , 20 parkinson
19 , 21 's
20 parkinson 21 's
21 's 35 and
22 disease 23 ,
23 , 24 osteoporosis
23 , 25 ,
25 , 26 depression
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 cognition
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 vision
29 , 31 ,
31 , 34 fracture
31 , 35 and
32 history 34 fracture
35 and 38 incontinence
35 and 39 of
39 of 51 and
40 urine 41 and
41 and 42 feces
41 and 43 ,
43 , 45 activity
43 , 46 ,
44 physical 45 activity
46 , 49 index
46 , 51 and
47 body 48 mass
48 mass 49 index
50 , 51 and
51 and 55 battery
51 and 56 .
52 short 55 battery
53 physical 55 battery
54 performance 55 battery

conclusions : older persons with stroke [,] parkinson 's disease , diabetes , osteoporosis , geriatric conditions and poor short physical performance battery score should be considered as the target of prevention [against] functional [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 persons
3 older 4 persons
4 persons 5 with
4 persons 12 diabetes
4 persons 14 osteoporosis
5 with 10 disease
6 stroke 8 parkinson
8 parkinson 9 's
9 's 10 disease
11 , 12 diabetes
12 diabetes 13 ,
13 , 14 osteoporosis
14 osteoporosis 15 ,
15 , 18 and
15 , 27 considered
16 geriatric 17 conditions
17 conditions 18 and
18 and 24 score
18 and 25 should
19 poor 24 score
20 short 24 score
21 physical 24 score
22 performance 23 battery
23 battery 24 score
25 should 26 be
26 be 27 considered
27 considered 28 as
27 considered 34 functional
28 as 30 target
29 the 30 target
30 target 31 of
31 of 32 prevention

those not living with spouses , with poor self [-] rated health , with low social support , being underweight or obese [and] with a sedentary lifestyle might also require major attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 not 19 being
2 not 30 require
3 living 4 with
3 living 6 ,
3 living 19 being
4 with 5 spouses
6 , 7 with
7 with 12 health
7 with 18 ,
7 with 19 being
8 poor 9 self
9 self 12 health
11 rated 12 health
12 health 14 with
13 , 14 with
14 with 17 support
14 with 18 ,
15 low 16 social
16 social 17 support
19 being 21 or
19 being 28 might
20 underweight 21 or
21 or 22 obese
22 obese 24 with
24 with 27 lifestyle
25 a 27 lifestyle
26 sedentary 27 lifestyle
28 might 30 require
29 also 30 require
30 require 32 attention
31 major 32 attention

purpose : to evaluate the relationship between corneal hysteresis ( ch ) and corneal resistance factor ( crf [ )(with age , central corneal thickness ( cct ) , corneal curvature ( km ) , corneal volume ( cv ) , and refractive error in naïve eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 42 and
4 evaluate 45 in
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 13 and
7 between 9 hysteresis
8 corneal 9 hysteresis
9 hysteresis 11 ch
10 ( 11 ch
11 ch 12 )
13 and 16 factor
13 and 18 crf
13 and 42 and
14 corneal 15 resistance
15 resistance 16 factor
17 ( 18 crf
18 crf 20 )(with
18 crf 31 curvature
18 crf 40 )
20 )(with 21 age
21 age 25 thickness
22 , 25 thickness
23 central 25 thickness
24 corneal 25 thickness
25 thickness 27 cct
25 thickness 29 ,
26 ( 27 cct
27 cct 28 )
29 , 31 curvature
30 corneal 31 curvature
31 curvature 33 km
31 curvature 37 volume
31 curvature 40 )
32 ( 33 km
33 km 34 )
35 , 37 volume
36 corneal 37 volume
37 volume 39 cv
37 volume 40 )
38 ( 39 cv
39 cv 40 )
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 error
43 refractive 44 error
45 in 47 eyes
46 naïve 47 eyes

methods : 105 healthy subjects ( 58 male and 47 female ) were included in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 subjects
3 105 5 subjects
4 healthy 5 subjects
5 subjects 7 58
6 ( 7 58
7 58 9 and
7 58 13 were
7 58 14 included
7 58 18 .
8 male 9 and
9 and 11 female
9 and 12 )
9 and 13 were
10 47 11 female
14 included 15 in
15 in 17 study
16 this 17 study

the ages ranged from 19 to 82 years ( mean 43.1 ± 15.4 years ) and refraction between - 11 d and +6 d ( mean - 0.79 ± [2.95] d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 ages
2 ages 3 ranged
2 ages 4 from
2 ages 16 and
4 from 8 years
5 19 6 to
6 to 7 82
6 to 8 years
8 years 14 years
9 ( 14 years
10 mean 12 ±
11 43.1 12 ±
12 ± 14 years
13 15.4 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 and 17 refraction
16 and 18 between
16 and 22 and
18 between 21 d
19 - 20 11
20 11 21 d
22 and 23 +6
22 and 29 ±
23 +6 24 d
25 ( 29 ±
26 mean 27 -
26 mean 29 ±
28 0.79 29 ±
29 ± 31 d
29 ± 32 )

ch and crf obtained with the ocular response analyzer ( ora ) were correlated with age , refractive error , goldmann applanation tonometry ( gat ) , and with cct , km , cv obtained with the pentacam , and with corneal - compensated intraocular pressure ( iopcc ) and goldmann - correlated intraocular pressure measurement ( iopg ) obtained with ora . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 ch 2 and
2 and 3 crf
2 and 4 obtained
2 and 5 with
2 and 14 correlated
5 with 7 ocular
6 the 7 ocular
7 ocular 9 analyzer
7 ocular 13 were
8 response 9 analyzer
9 analyzer 11 ora
9 analyzer 13 were
10 ( 11 ora
11 ora 12 )
14 correlated 28 and
14 correlated 40 and
15 with 16 age
15 with 28 and
16 age 19 error
16 age 25 gat
17 , 19 error
18 refractive 19 error
19 error 20 ,
20 , 25 gat
21 goldmann 22 applanation
22 applanation 23 tonometry
23 tonometry 25 gat
24 ( 25 gat
25 gat 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 with
29 with 34 cv
30 cct 32 km
31 , 32 km
32 km 33 ,
32 km 34 cv
34 cv 35 obtained
36 with 38 pentacam
36 with 40 and
37 the 38 pentacam
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 with
41 with 50 and
42 corneal 46 pressure
42 corneal 50 and
43 - 46 pressure
44 compensated 46 pressure
45 intraocular 46 pressure
46 pressure 48 iopcc
46 pressure 49 )
47 ( 48 iopcc
48 iopcc 49 )
50 and 51 goldmann
51 goldmann 56 measurement
51 goldmann 60 obtained
51 goldmann 61 with
52 - 56 measurement
53 correlated 55 pressure
54 intraocular 55 pressure
55 pressure 56 measurement
56 measurement 58 iopg
56 measurement 59 )
57 ( 58 iopg
58 iopg 59 )
61 with 62 ora

a multivariable mixed effect model was used to evaluate associations among these parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 multivariable
1 a 5 model
2 multivariable 4 effect
3 mixed 4 effect
4 effect 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 10 associations
9 evaluate 11 among
11 among 13 parameters
12 these 13 parameters

results : ch ranged from 6.9 to 14.6 mmhg ( mean 10.26 ± 1.49 [mmhg] ) ; crf ranged from 5.8 to 17 mmhg ( mean 10.38 ± 1.64 [mmhg] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 ch
3 ch 4 ranged
3 ch 13 ±
4 ranged 5 from
5 from 6 6.9
6 6.9 7 to
7 to 9 mmhg
8 14.6 9 mmhg
10 ( 13 ±
11 mean 13 ±
12 10.26 13 ±
13 ± 14 1.49
13 ± 16 )
17 ; 18 crf
17 ; 19 ranged
18 crf 19 ranged
19 ranged 20 from
20 from 21 5.8
21 5.8 22 to
21 5.8 28 ±
22 to 24 mmhg
23 17 24 mmhg
25 ( 28 ±
26 mean 28 ±
27 10.38 28 ±
28 ± 29 1.64
28 ± 31 )

multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between ch with cct ( p < 0.001 ) , and km ( p < 0.001 ) , [and] between crf with cct ( p < 0.001 ) and gat ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 multivariate 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 7 correlation
3 showed 22 <
3 showed 27 between
4 a 7 correlation
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 7 correlation
7 correlation 8 between
7 correlation 10 with
8 between 9 ch
10 with 18 and
11 cct 14 <
11 cct 18 and
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.001
14 < 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 km
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 )
25 , 27 between
27 between 36 and
27 between 42 )
28 crf 29 with
28 crf 36 and
29 with 30 cct
30 cct 33 <
31 ( 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.001
33 < 35 )
36 and 37 gat
36 and 40 <
38 ( 40 <
39 p 40 <
40 < 41 0.001

conclusions : our findings support the hypothesis that ch and crf are related to the corneal shape and thickness , and show a decrease of ch with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 21 and
2 : 29 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 21 and
5 support 7 hypothesis
5 support 21 and
6 the 7 hypothesis
7 hypothesis 8 that
8 that 10 and
8 that 13 related
9 ch 10 and
10 and 11 crf
10 and 12 are
12 are 13 related
13 related 14 to
14 to 18 and
15 the 17 shape
16 corneal 17 shape
17 shape 18 and
18 and 19 thickness
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 show
22 show 24 decrease
22 show 27 with
23 a 24 decrease
24 decrease 25 of
25 of 26 ch
27 with 28 age

background and purpose : the aim of this study was to explore whether hearing loss is associated with the risk of parkinson 's disease in the elderly in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 purpose
4 : 6 aim
4 : 23 's
5 the 6 aim
6 aim 7 of
6 aim 10 was
7 of 9 study
8 this 9 study
10 was 11 to
10 was 12 explore
11 to 12 explore
13 whether 14 hearing
13 whether 17 associated
13 whether 23 's
14 hearing 15 loss
14 hearing 16 is
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 risk
19 the 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 22 parkinson
23 's 24 disease
23 's 25 in
23 's 28 in
25 in 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly
28 in 29 taiwan

the incidence of parkinson 's disease by the end of 2010 and the associated risk factors were investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 7 by
2 incidence 12 and
3 of 6 disease
4 parkinson 5 's
5 's 6 disease
7 by 9 end
8 the 9 end
9 end 10 of
10 of 11 2010
12 and 16 factors
12 and 17 were
13 the 16 factors
14 associated 16 factors
15 risk 16 factors
17 were 18 investigated

results : the incidence of parkinson 's disease in the hearing loss group was 1.77 - fold higher than that in the [non] [-] hearing - loss group [(] 3.11 vs [.] 1.76 per 1000 person - years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 4 incidence
2 : 14 was
2 : 16 -
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
4 incidence 14 was
5 of 8 disease
6 parkinson 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 9 in
9 in 13 group
10 the 13 group
11 hearing 12 loss
12 loss 13 group
14 was 15 1.77
16 - 17 fold
17 fold 18 higher
17 fold 19 than
19 than 20 that
19 than 21 in
21 in 25 hearing
22 the 25 hearing
25 hearing 28 group
26 - 28 group
27 loss 28 group
28 group 30 3.11
28 group 31 vs
28 group 38 years
28 group 39 )
31 vs 33 1.76
33 1.76 34 per
34 per 36 person
35 1000 36 person
37 - 38 years
38 years 39 )

after controlling for confounding factors , the adjusted hazard ratio ( hr ) of parkinson 's disease was 1.53 ( 95 % ci 1.17 , 1.99 ) for the hearing loss group compared with the [non] [-] hearing - loss group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 17 disease
2 controlling 3 for
2 controlling 14 of
3 for 4 confounding
4 confounding 5 factors
5 factors 10 ratio
6 , 10 ratio
7 the 10 ratio
8 adjusted 9 hazard
9 hazard 10 ratio
10 ratio 12 hr
10 ratio 13 )
11 ( 12 hr
12 hr 13 )
14 of 16 's
15 parkinson 16 's
17 disease 18 was
18 was 19 1.53
18 was 28 for
19 1.53 23 ci
19 1.53 26 1.99
20 ( 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 24 1.17
23 ci 25 ,
25 , 26 1.99
26 1.99 27 )
28 for 32 group
29 the 32 group
30 hearing 31 loss
31 loss 32 group
32 group 33 compared
33 compared 34 with
34 with 38 hearing
35 the 38 hearing
39 - 41 group
40 loss 41 group

male sex [(] hr = 1.33 , 95 % ci 1.02 , 1.74 [ )(, age ( for each year , hr = 1.06 , 95 % ci 1.04 , 1.09 ) , hypertension [(] hr = 1.70 , 95 % ci [1.26] , 2.30 ) and cerebrovascular disease ( hr [=] 1.78 , 95 % ci 1.37 , 2.32 ) were also significantly associated [with] the risk of parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 male 2 sex
2 sex 4 hr
4 hr 5 =
5 = 6 1.33
6 1.33 10 ci
7 , 10 ci
8 95 10 ci
9 % 10 ci
10 ci 11 1.02
10 ci 12 ,
12 , 13 1.74
12 , 15 )(,
15 )(, 16 age
15 )(, 21 ,
16 age 18 for
17 ( 18 for
18 for 20 year
18 for 21 ,
19 each 20 year
21 , 22 hr
21 , 23 =
21 , 33 ,
22 hr 23 =
23 = 24 1.06
24 1.06 28 ci
25 , 28 ci
26 95 28 ci
27 % 28 ci
28 ci 29 1.04
28 ci 31 1.09
28 ci 32 )
30 , 31 1.09
31 1.09 32 )
33 , 36 hr
34 hypertension 36 hr
36 hr 37 =
37 = 38 1.70
38 1.70 49 disease
39 , 49 disease
40 95 49 disease
41 % 49 disease
42 ci 45 2.30
42 ci 47 and
44 , 45 2.30
45 2.30 46 )
47 and 48 cerebrovascular
47 and 49 disease
49 disease 51 hr
49 disease 54 ,
50 ( 51 hr
51 hr 53 1.78
51 hr 54 ,
54 , 65 associated
55 95 56 %
56 % 57 ci
56 % 62 were
56 % 65 associated
57 ci 58 1.37
57 ci 60 2.32
57 ci 62 were
59 , 60 2.32
60 2.32 61 )
62 were 63 also
62 were 64 significantly
65 associated 68 risk
65 associated 73 .
67 the 68 risk
68 risk 69 of
69 of 72 disease
70 parkinson 71 's
71 's 72 disease

conclusions : hearing loss correlates with an increased risk of parkinson 's disease in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 hearing
3 hearing 4 loss
3 hearing 5 correlates
4 loss 5 correlates
5 correlates 6 with
5 correlates 14 in
6 with 9 risk
7 an 9 risk
8 increased 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 13 disease
11 parkinson 12 's
12 's 13 disease
14 in 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly

further studies are needed to confirm whether hearing loss could be a [non] [-] motor feature of parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 confirm
6 confirm 7 whether
6 confirm 19 's
7 whether 8 hearing
7 whether 11 be
7 whether 19 's
8 hearing 9 loss
8 hearing 10 could
10 could 11 be
11 be 16 feature
12 a 16 feature
15 motor 16 feature
16 feature 17 of
17 of 18 parkinson
19 's 20 disease

the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) ε4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for sporadic alzheimer 's disease and has been associated with structural and functional brain alterations across the adult life span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 allele
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 8 allele
2 apolipoprotein 3 e
2 apolipoprotein 5 apoe
2 apolipoprotein 8 allele
4 ( 5 apoe
5 apoe 6 )
7 ε4 8 allele
8 allele 20 and
9 is 14 factor
9 is 20 and
10 a 14 factor
11 major 14 factor
12 genetic 14 factor
13 risk 14 factor
14 factor 15 for
15 for 19 disease
16 sporadic 17 alzheimer
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
20 and 21 has
20 and 24 with
21 has 22 been
22 been 23 associated
24 with 29 alterations
24 with 30 across
25 structural 26 and
26 and 27 functional
26 and 29 alterations
28 brain 29 alterations
30 across 34 span
31 the 34 span
32 adult 33 life
33 life 34 span

recent studies have presented evidence that ε4 affects microstructural properties of brain white matter ( wm ) in [non] - demented carriers of the ε4 allele , but conflicting evidence has been presented as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 evidence
3 have 13 white
4 presented 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 7 ε4
6 that 8 affects
7 ε4 8 affects
8 affects 10 properties
9 microstructural 10 properties
10 properties 11 of
11 of 12 brain
13 white 14 matter
13 white 18 in
14 matter 16 wm
15 ( 16 wm
16 wm 17 )
20 - 22 carriers
20 - 27 ,
21 demented 22 carriers
22 carriers 23 of
23 of 26 allele
24 the 26 allele
25 ε4 26 allele
27 , 30 evidence
27 , 33 presented
28 but 29 conflicting
28 but 30 evidence
30 evidence 31 has
31 has 32 been
32 been 33 presented
33 presented 34 as
34 as 35 well

the main purpose of the present study was therefore to examine apoe effects on wm in a large sample [of] middle - aged and older adults ( n = 273 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 purpose
2 main 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 of
3 purpose 8 was
4 of 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 present 7 study
8 was 9 therefore
8 was 10 to
8 was 11 examine
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 13 effects
12 apoe 13 effects
13 effects 14 on
14 on 15 wm
15 wm 16 in
16 in 21 middle
17 a 18 large
17 a 21 middle
18 large 19 sample
19 sample 21 middle
21 middle 26 adults
22 - 26 adults
23 aged 24 and
24 and 25 older
24 and 26 adults
26 adults 29 =
26 adults 31 )
27 ( 29 =
28 n 29 =
29 = 30 273

diffusion tensor [imaging] ( dti ) data [was] acquired , and tract - based as well as voxel - wise analyses were conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 diffusion 11 and
2 tensor 5 dti
2 tensor 7 data
4 ( 5 dti
5 dti 6 )
7 data 9 acquired
7 data 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 tract
11 and 13 -
11 and 14 based
11 and 17 as
11 and 22 were
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 21 analyses
18 voxel 19 -
18 voxel 21 analyses
20 wise 21 analyses
22 were 23 conducted

the tract - based analyses revealed no significant apoe effects , and no significant interactions [between] genotype and age were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 tract
3 - 5 analyses
3 - 6 revealed
3 - 18 and
3 - 22 .
4 based 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 revealed
6 revealed 9 apoe
7 no 9 apoe
8 significant 9 apoe
9 apoe 12 and
9 apoe 17 genotype
10 effects 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 interactions
12 and 17 genotype
13 no 15 interactions
14 significant 15 interactions
18 and 19 age
18 and 21 observed
19 age 20 were
20 were 21 observed

taken together , the findings of the present study suggest that apoe effects on white - matter microstructure are less abundant than has been suggested in some previous studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 the 5 findings
5 findings 6 of
5 findings 10 suggest
6 of 9 study
7 the 9 study
8 present 9 study
10 suggest 11 that
11 that 13 effects
11 that 19 are
12 apoe 13 effects
13 effects 14 on
13 effects 19 are
14 on 18 microstructure
15 white 16 -
15 white 17 matter
17 matter 18 microstructure
19 are 21 abundant
20 less 21 abundant
21 abundant 22 than
22 than 23 has
22 than 25 suggested
22 than 26 in
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 suggested
26 in 29 studies
27 some 29 studies
28 previous 29 studies

background/purpose : increased interest in antiaging methods , mandates a development of reliable noninvasive technique to assess skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 background/purpose 2 :
2 : 8 ,
3 increased 4 interest
3 increased 5 in
3 increased 8 ,
5 in 7 methods
6 antiaging 7 methods
8 , 9 mandates
9 mandates 11 development
9 mandates 16 to
10 a 11 development
11 development 12 of
12 of 15 technique
13 reliable 15 technique
14 noninvasive 15 technique
16 to 17 assess
17 assess 18 skin
18 skin 19 aging

in this study , we aimed to determine the effects of photoaging at histopathologic resolution [by] means of reflectance confocal microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 effects
8 determine 13 at
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 12 photoaging
13 at 17 means
14 histopathologic 15 resolution
15 resolution 17 means
17 means 18 of
18 of 21 microscopy
19 reflectance 21 microscopy
20 confocal 21 microscopy

method : the sun - exposed malar area , the anterior aspect [of] ear lobule , and the sun - protected posterior aspect of ear lobule had been evaluated in 120 volunteers from different age groups over 10 previously reported and new confocal parameters for skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sun
2 : 9 ,
3 the 4 sun
4 sun 8 area
5 - 8 area
6 exposed 8 area
7 malar 8 area
8 area 9 ,
9 , 17 and
10 the 15 lobule
11 anterior 12 aspect
12 aspect 15 lobule
14 ear 15 lobule
15 lobule 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 sun
17 and 20 -
17 and 21 protected
17 and 23 aspect
17 and 28 been
17 and 29 evaluated
18 the 19 sun
22 posterior 23 aspect
23 aspect 24 of
23 aspect 27 had
24 of 26 lobule
25 ear 26 lobule
27 had 28 been
29 evaluated 30 in
30 in 32 volunteers
31 120 32 volunteers
32 volunteers 33 from
33 from 41 and
34 different 36 groups
35 age 36 groups
36 groups 37 over
36 groups 41 and
37 over 38 10
38 10 40 reported
39 previously 40 reported
41 and 44 parameters
41 and 48 .
42 new 44 parameters
43 confocal 44 parameters
44 parameters 45 for
45 for 47 aging
46 skin 47 aging

result : the sun - exposed areas revealed more frequent irregular honeycomb pattern , polycylic papillary contours , coarse collagen , huddled collagen , curled bright structures with higher epidermal thickness , and furrow depth values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 result 2 :
2 : 4 sun
3 the 4 sun
5 - 13 pattern
5 - 14 ,
5 - 24 ,
6 exposed 7 areas
7 areas 8 revealed
8 revealed 12 honeycomb
9 more 10 frequent
10 frequent 12 honeycomb
11 irregular 12 honeycomb
12 honeycomb 13 pattern
14 , 17 contours
14 , 22 huddled
15 polycylic 16 papillary
16 papillary 17 contours
17 contours 20 collagen
17 contours 22 huddled
18 , 20 collagen
19 coarse 20 collagen
20 collagen 21 ,
22 huddled 23 collagen
24 , 33 and
25 curled 27 structures
26 bright 27 structures
27 structures 28 with
27 structures 33 and
28 with 31 thickness
29 higher 31 thickness
30 epidermal 31 thickness
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 values
34 furrow 35 depth
35 depth 36 values

however , the incidence of thin reticulated collagen and the number of dermal papillae were statistically higher on the sun [-] protected posterior aspect of ear lobule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 9 and
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
4 incidence 9 and
5 of 8 collagen
6 thin 8 collagen
7 reticulated 8 collagen
9 and 11 number
9 and 12 of
9 and 15 were
10 the 11 number
12 of 14 papillae
13 dermal 14 papillae
15 were 16 statistically
15 were 17 higher
17 higher 18 on
18 on 24 aspect
19 the 24 aspect
20 sun 22 protected
22 protected 24 aspect
23 posterior 24 aspect
24 aspect 25 of
25 of 27 lobule
26 ear 27 lobule

conclusion : reflectance confocal microscopy is a reliable diagnostic technique for evaluation [of] skin photoaging with objective criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 reflectance
3 reflectance 5 microscopy
3 reflectance 15 photoaging
4 confocal 5 microscopy
5 microscopy 6 is
6 is 10 technique
7 a 8 reliable
7 a 10 technique
8 reliable 9 diagnostic
9 diagnostic 10 technique
10 technique 11 for
11 for 14 skin
12 evaluation 14 skin
14 skin 15 photoaging
15 photoaging 16 with
16 with 18 criteria
17 objective 18 criteria

with the new emerging compact models it is possible to scan even the least accessible body parts with no discomfort to the patient , which offers the possibility to assess the effect of antiaging applications and to identify early signs of solar damage in cosmetically sensitive areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 with
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
1 with 6 models
1 with 8 is
2 the 6 models
3 new 6 models
4 emerging 6 models
5 compact 6 models
7 it 8 is
8 is 9 possible
9 possible 10 to
9 possible 11 scan
10 to 11 scan
11 scan 12 even
11 scan 17 parts
11 scan 18 with
12 even 14 least
13 the 14 least
15 accessible 16 body
16 body 17 parts
18 with 20 discomfort
19 no 20 discomfort
20 discomfort 21 to
20 discomfort 25 which
21 to 23 patient
22 the 23 patient
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 offers
25 which 48 .
26 offers 28 possibility
26 offers 43 damage
27 the 28 possibility
28 possibility 29 to
28 possibility 41 of
29 to 36 and
30 assess 32 effect
30 assess 36 and
31 the 32 effect
32 effect 33 of
33 of 35 applications
34 antiaging 35 applications
36 and 37 to
36 and 38 identify
37 to 38 identify
38 identify 40 signs
39 early 40 signs
40 signs 41 of
42 solar 43 damage
43 damage 44 in
44 in 47 areas
45 cosmetically 46 sensitive
46 sensitive 47 areas

background : helicobacter pylori [(] h . pylori [ )(- related diseases are responsible for a tremendous amount of morbidity and mortality in japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 pylori
3 helicobacter 4 pylori
4 pylori 6 h
7 . 8 pylori
7 . 13 are
8 pylori 13 are
10 )(- 11 related
11 related 12 diseases
11 related 13 are
13 are 14 responsible
14 responsible 15 for
14 responsible 23 in
15 for 21 and
16 a 17 tremendous
16 a 18 amount
17 tremendous 18 amount
18 amount 19 of
18 amount 21 and
19 of 20 morbidity
21 and 22 mortality
23 in 24 japan

we estimated the prevalence of h . pylori infection by sex , birth [year] , and geographic area among japanese adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 we 2 estimated
2 estimated 4 prevalence
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
5 of 6 h
7 . 16 and
7 . 22 .
8 pylori 9 infection
9 infection 10 by
9 infection 12 ,
10 by 11 sex
12 , 13 birth
12 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 area
16 and 19 among
17 geographic 18 area
19 among 21 adults
20 japanese 21 adults

materials and methods : this cross - sectional study included 14,716 subjects aged 20 years or more who underwent a health checkup between may 1997 and march 2013 in seven geographic areas throughout japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 6 cross
5 this 6 cross
7 - 9 study
7 - 10 included
7 - 35 .
8 sectional 9 study
9 study 10 included
10 included 12 subjects
11 14,716 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 aged
12 subjects 18 who
12 subjects 19 underwent
13 aged 16 or
14 20 15 years
15 years 16 or
16 or 17 more
18 who 19 underwent
19 underwent 22 checkup
19 underwent 33 throughout
20 a 21 health
20 a 22 checkup
21 health 22 checkup
22 checkup 23 between
22 checkup 29 in
23 between 26 and
24 may 25 1997
24 may 26 and
26 and 27 march
27 march 28 2013
29 in 32 areas
30 seven 32 areas
31 geographic 32 areas
33 throughout 34 japan

relevant information on the demographics and status of h . pylori infection was retrieved from the electronic database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 relevant 2 information
2 information 3 on
2 information 6 and
3 on 5 demographics
4 the 5 demographics
6 and 7 status
6 and 8 of
8 of 9 h
10 . 12 infection
10 . 14 retrieved
10 . 19 .
11 pylori 12 infection
12 infection 13 was
13 was 14 retrieved
14 retrieved 15 from
15 from 18 database
16 the 18 database
17 electronic 18 database

the univariate [log] - binominal regression model was used to estimate the prevalence of h . pylori infection , taking birth year [into] consideration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 7 model
2 univariate 4 -
2 univariate 6 regression
5 binominal 6 regression
6 regression 7 model
7 model 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 estimate
10 to 11 estimate
11 estimate 13 prevalence
12 the 13 prevalence
13 prevalence 14 of
14 of 15 h
16 . 18 infection
16 . 19 ,
16 . 25 .
17 pylori 18 infection
19 , 24 consideration
20 taking 24 consideration
21 birth 24 consideration
22 year 24 consideration

the multivariate log [-] binominal regression model was used to compare the prevalence of h . pylori infection [between] seven geographic areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 7 model
2 multivariate 7 model
3 log 7 model
5 binominal 6 regression
6 regression 7 model
7 model 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 compare
10 to 11 compare
11 compare 13 prevalence
12 the 13 prevalence
13 prevalence 14 of
14 of 15 h
16 . 22 areas
17 pylori 22 areas
18 infection 22 areas
20 seven 22 areas
21 geographic 22 areas

results : the overall prevalence of h . pylori infection was 37.6 % in women and 43.2 % in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 prevalence
3 the 5 prevalence
4 overall 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 of
6 of 7 h
8 . 10 infection
8 . 11 was
8 . 21 .
9 pylori 10 infection
10 infection 11 was
11 was 13 %
12 37.6 13 %
13 % 14 in
14 in 16 and
15 women 16 and
16 and 20 men
17 43.2 19 in
18 % 19 in
19 in 20 men

among seven geographic areas , hokkaido showed the lowest prevalence ( 29.4 % ) , while yamagata prefecture represented the highest ( 54.5 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hokkaido
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 among 4 areas
1 among 5 ,
1 among 6 hokkaido
2 seven 4 areas
3 geographic 4 areas
6 hokkaido 7 showed
7 showed 10 prevalence
7 showed 16 while
8 the 9 lowest
8 the 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 29.4 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 , 16 while
16 while 18 prefecture
16 while 19 represented
16 while 25 )
17 yamagata 18 prefecture
18 prefecture 19 represented
19 represented 21 highest
20 the 21 highest
21 highest 24 %
22 ( 24 %
23 54.5 24 %
24 % 25 )

the prevalence of [h] [.] pylori infection was [highest] in the 1940 - 1949 birth cohort [and] then decreased in the ensuing birth cohorts [;] the risk ratio [(] [rr] [ )(was [0.85] ( 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) [0.84] - 0.87 [ )(for changes in the 10 - year birth cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 8 was
3 of 7 infection
6 pylori 7 infection
8 was 10 in
10 in 16 cohort
11 the 16 cohort
12 1940 13 -
13 - 14 1949
13 - 16 cohort
15 birth 16 cohort
16 cohort 19 decreased
18 then 19 decreased
19 decreased 20 in
20 in 24 cohorts
21 the 24 cohorts
22 ensuing 24 cohorts
23 birth 24 cohorts
24 cohorts 28 ratio
24 cohorts 32 )(was
26 the 28 ratio
27 risk 28 ratio
28 ratio 32 )(was
32 )(was 43 -
34 ( 43 -
35 95 36 %
36 % 37 confidence
37 confidence 38 interval
38 interval 40 ci
38 interval 43 -
39 ( 40 ci
40 ci 41 )
43 - 44 0.87
43 - 55 .
44 0.87 46 )(for
44 0.87 48 in
46 )(for 47 changes
48 in 50 10
49 the 50 10
50 10 54 cohort
51 - 54 cohort
52 year 53 birth
53 birth 54 cohort
54 cohort 55 .

individuals in yamagata prefecture had the highest [rr] of [acquiring] h . pylori infection in all three birth cohorts ( [rr] = 1.53 for 1940 , [rr] = 1.69 for 1950 , [and] [rr] = 1.85 for 1960 ) when compared with those in hokkaido . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prefecture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 individuals 2 in
1 individuals 4 prefecture
2 in 3 yamagata
4 prefecture 5 had
5 had 7 highest
6 the 7 highest
7 highest 9 of
9 of 11 h
12 . 14 infection
12 . 28 =
13 pylori 14 infection
14 infection 15 in
14 infection 28 =
15 in 19 cohorts
16 all 17 three
17 three 19 cohorts
18 birth 19 cohorts
19 cohorts 23 1.53
20 ( 23 1.53
22 = 23 1.53
23 1.53 24 for
23 1.53 26 ,
24 for 25 1940
28 = 29 1.69
28 = 30 for
28 = 40 when
30 for 31 1950
31 1950 36 1.85
32 , 36 1.85
35 = 36 1.85
36 1.85 37 for
36 1.85 39 )
37 for 38 1960
40 when 41 compared
41 compared 42 with
41 compared 44 in
42 with 43 those
44 in 45 hokkaido

conclusions : the prevalence of h . pylori infection increases with age and exhibits geographic variation in japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
5 of 6 h
7 . 9 infection
7 . 13 and
7 . 19 .
8 pylori 9 infection
9 infection 13 and
10 increases 11 with
10 increases 13 and
11 with 12 age
13 and 14 exhibits
13 and 17 in
14 exhibits 16 variation
15 geographic 16 variation
17 in 18 japan

there has been a striking decrease in the prevalence of h . pylori infection , especially [in] [younger] japanese populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 6 decrease
4 a 5 striking
4 a 6 decrease
5 striking 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 in
7 in 9 prevalence
8 the 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
10 of 11 h
12 . 14 infection
12 . 15 ,
12 . 21 .
13 pylori 14 infection
15 , 20 populations
16 especially 19 japanese
19 japanese 20 populations

purpose : to investigate the macular sensitivity of healthy eyes of a wide age range as determined by macular integrity assessment ( maia ) , and to [investigate] factors affecting macular sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 determined
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 17 determined
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 sensitivity
4 investigate 16 as
5 the 7 sensitivity
6 macular 7 sensitivity
7 sensitivity 8 of
7 sensitivity 11 of
8 of 10 eyes
9 healthy 10 eyes
11 of 15 range
12 a 15 range
13 wide 14 age
14 age 15 range
16 as 17 determined
17 determined 26 and
17 determined 33 .
18 by 21 assessment
18 by 26 and
19 macular 21 assessment
20 integrity 21 assessment
21 assessment 23 maia
22 ( 23 maia
23 maia 24 )
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 to
27 to 29 factors
29 factors 30 affecting
30 affecting 32 sensitivity
31 macular 32 sensitivity

macular sensitivity was examined by a standard grid , a 37 [-] stimuli grid covering the central 10 degrees of the retina including one centering point . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
1 macular 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 was
3 was 4 examined
4 examined 5 by
5 by 8 grid
6 a 7 standard
6 a 8 grid
7 standard 8 grid
8 grid 14 grid
9 , 14 grid
10 a 14 grid
11 37 13 stimuli
13 stimuli 14 grid
14 grid 15 covering
14 grid 20 of
14 grid 23 including
14 grid 27 .
15 covering 19 degrees
16 the 19 degrees
17 central 19 degrees
18 10 19 degrees
20 of 22 retina
21 the 22 retina
23 including 26 point
24 one 26 point
25 centering 26 point

results : the central sensitivity ( cs ) was 28.9 db for subjects under 20 years , 27.2 db [for] subjects between 20 to 60 years , and 24.5 db [for] subjects over 60 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 5 sensitivity
2 : 9 was
2 : 17 ,
3 the 5 sensitivity
4 central 5 sensitivity
5 sensitivity 7 cs
5 sensitivity 9 was
6 ( 7 cs
7 cs 8 )
9 was 11 db
10 28.9 11 db
11 db 12 for
12 for 13 subjects
13 subjects 14 under
14 under 16 years
15 20 16 years
17 , 28 and
18 27.2 19 db
19 db 21 subjects
21 subjects 22 between
21 subjects 28 and
22 between 26 years
23 20 24 to
24 to 25 60
24 to 26 years
27 , 28 and
28 and 32 subjects
29 24.5 30 db
30 db 32 subjects
32 subjects 33 over
33 over 35 years
34 60 35 years

the average sensitivity ( as ) was 29.6 db for subjects under 20 years , and after that the sensitivity was 28.7 db and 26.3 db . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 sensitivity
2 average 3 sensitivity
3 sensitivity 5 as
3 sensitivity 7 was
4 ( 5 as
5 as 6 )
7 was 9 db
8 29.6 9 db
9 db 10 for
10 for 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 under
12 under 14 years
13 20 14 years
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 sensitivity
16 and 21 was
17 after 18 that
17 after 20 sensitivity
19 the 20 sensitivity
20 sensitivity 21 was
21 was 24 and
22 28.7 23 db
23 db 24 and
24 and 26 db
25 26.3 26 db

both cs and as in subjects over 60 years exhibited a significantly lower sensitivity than in subjects under the age of 20 ( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 both 3 and
2 cs 3 and
3 and 4 as
3 and 5 in
3 and 10 exhibited
5 in 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 over
7 over 9 years
8 60 9 years
10 exhibited 14 sensitivity
10 exhibited 15 than
10 exhibited 18 under
10 exhibited 25 =
11 a 14 sensitivity
12 significantly 13 lower
13 lower 14 sensitivity
15 than 16 in
16 in 17 subjects
18 under 20 age
19 the 20 age
20 age 21 of
21 of 22 20
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.01
25 = 27 )

regression analysis results indicated that the sensitivity gradually decreased by approximately 0.6 db every 10 years ( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 regression 3 results
2 analysis 3 results
3 results 4 indicated
4 indicated 5 that
5 that 7 sensitivity
5 that 9 decreased
6 the 7 sensitivity
7 sensitivity 9 decreased
8 gradually 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 by
9 decreased 14 every
9 decreased 19 =
10 by 13 db
11 approximately 12 0.6
12 0.6 13 db
14 every 16 years
15 10 16 years
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.01
19 = 21 )

the age and development of axial length were statistically significant factors influencing the decline in sensitivity ( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 3 and
3 and 4 development
3 and 5 of
3 and 8 were
5 of 7 length
6 axial 7 length
8 were 9 statistically
8 were 11 factors
10 significant 11 factors
11 factors 12 influencing
12 influencing 14 decline
12 influencing 15 in
13 the 14 decline
15 in 16 sensitivity
16 sensitivity 19 =
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.01
19 = 21 )

when each stimulus position was investigated , the center ( 0 degrees ) was significantly lower [(] 26.4 db ) than surrounding stimulus positions [(] 1 degree : 28.9 db , 3 degrees : 28.7 db , 5 degrees : 27.8 [db] [ )(( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 surrounding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 positions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 when 4 position
1 when 7 ,
1 when 20 )
1 when 22 surrounding
2 each 4 position
3 stimulus 4 position
4 position 5 was
5 was 7 ,
6 investigated 7 ,
7 , 16 lower
8 the 9 center
9 center 12 degrees
9 center 14 was
10 ( 12 degrees
11 0 12 degrees
12 degrees 13 )
14 was 16 lower
15 significantly 16 lower
16 lower 19 db
18 26.4 19 db
21 than 22 surrounding
22 surrounding 23 stimulus
22 surrounding 24 positions
24 positions 27 degree
26 1 27 degree
28 : 30 db
28 : 31 ,
29 28.9 30 db
31 , 33 degrees
31 , 34 :
32 3 33 degrees
34 : 36 db
34 : 37 ,
35 28.7 36 db
37 , 39 degrees
37 , 40 :
38 5 39 degrees
40 : 41 27.8
41 27.8 46 =
44 )(( 46 =
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 0.01
46 = 48 )

conclusion : the macular sensitivity in healthy japanese subjects calculated by maia exhibited a significantly low value with aging , and sensitivity decreased with the advance in the development of axial length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 sensitivity
3 the 5 sensitivity
4 macular 5 sensitivity
5 sensitivity 6 in
5 sensitivity 18 with
6 in 8 japanese
7 healthy 8 japanese
8 japanese 9 subjects
8 japanese 13 exhibited
9 subjects 10 calculated
9 subjects 13 exhibited
10 calculated 11 by
11 by 12 maia
13 exhibited 17 value
14 a 17 value
15 significantly 16 low
16 low 17 value
18 with 19 aging
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 sensitivity
21 and 23 decreased
22 sensitivity 23 decreased
23 decreased 24 with
23 decreased 27 in
24 with 26 advance
25 the 26 advance
27 in 29 development
28 the 29 development
29 development 30 of
30 of 32 length
31 axial 32 length

the sensitivity of surrounding stimulus positions was higher than in the center ( 0 degrees ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 of
2 sensitivity 7 was
3 of 4 surrounding
4 surrounding 6 positions
5 stimulus 6 positions
7 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 than
9 than 10 in
10 in 12 center
11 the 12 center
12 center 15 degrees
13 ( 15 degrees
14 0 15 degrees
15 degrees 16 )

alzheimer 's disease is a degenerative , progressive and irreversible condition , which affects cognitive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 4 is
4 is 11 condition
5 a 11 condition
6 degenerative 7 ,
7 , 8 progressive
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 irreversible
9 and 11 condition
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 affects
13 which 14 affects
14 affects 16 functions
15 cognitive 16 functions

it was first described in 1907 , by the german physician alois alzheimer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
1 it 2 was
2 was 4 described
3 first 4 described
4 described 5 in
5 in 6 1907
6 1907 8 by
7 , 8 by
8 by 13 alzheimer
8 by 14 .
9 the 11 physician
10 german 11 physician
11 physician 13 alzheimer
12 alois 13 alzheimer

although at the time , it was considered a rare disease , in 2010 in the world were [estimated] 35.6 million cases of dementia , most of these with the diagnosis of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 world
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 although 6 it
1 although 8 considered
1 although 12 ,
1 although 17 world
2 at 4 time
2 at 5 ,
2 at 6 it
3 the 4 time
6 it 7 was
7 was 8 considered
8 considered 11 disease
9 a 10 rare
9 a 11 disease
10 rare 11 disease
13 in 15 in
13 in 17 world
14 2010 15 in
16 the 17 world
17 world 18 were
18 were 22 cases
20 35.6 21 million
21 million 22 cases
22 cases 23 of
23 of 24 dementia
25 , 26 most
25 , 34 's
26 most 27 of
26 most 29 with
26 most 34 's
27 of 28 these
29 with 31 diagnosis
30 the 31 diagnosis
31 diagnosis 32 of
32 of 33 alzheimer
34 's 35 disease

typical neuropathologic lesions are represented by the amyloid plaques , neurofibrilar tangles and synapses and neurons losses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lesions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 typical 3 lesions
2 neuropathologic 3 lesions
3 lesions 4 are
4 are 5 represented
5 represented 6 by
6 by 9 plaques
7 the 9 plaques
8 amyloid 9 plaques
10 , 15 and
11 neurofibrilar 13 and
11 neurofibrilar 15 and
12 tangles 13 and
13 and 14 synapses
15 and 17 losses
16 neurons 17 losses

it was hypothesized that the amyloid protein has prion - like properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesized
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 hypothesized
3 hypothesized 4 that
4 that 7 protein
4 that 8 has
5 the 7 protein
6 amyloid 7 protein
7 protein 8 has
8 has 9 prion
9 prion 11 like
10 - 11 like
11 like 12 properties
11 like 13 .

even from the first descriptions of the disease , atypical features were observed - the second case described by the physician alois alzheimer , had only plaques , the tangles were missing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 even 2 from
1 even 9 ,
1 even 11 features
2 from 5 descriptions
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 descriptions
5 descriptions 6 of
6 of 8 disease
7 the 8 disease
10 atypical 11 features
11 features 12 were
12 were 13 observed
14 - 17 case
14 - 24 ,
14 - 28 ,
14 - 33 .
15 the 17 case
16 second 17 case
17 case 24 ,
18 described 19 by
18 described 23 alzheimer
18 described 24 ,
19 by 21 physician
20 the 21 physician
22 alois 23 alzheimer
24 , 25 had
25 had 26 only
25 had 27 plaques
28 , 30 tangles
28 , 31 were
29 the 30 tangles
30 tangles 31 were
31 were 32 missing

about 19 % of the healthy old subjects present in the brain the same lesions as alzheimer 's cases , while in 10 % of the cases of disease , [in] [necropsy] are present only the plaques or only the tangles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 lesions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 about 2 19
2 19 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 15 lesions
4 of 7 old
5 the 7 old
6 healthy 7 old
7 old 8 subjects
7 old 9 present
8 subjects 9 present
9 present 10 in
9 present 14 same
10 in 12 brain
11 the 12 brain
13 the 14 same
15 lesions 16 as
15 lesions 38 or
16 as 19 cases
16 as 33 are
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 cases
19 cases 33 are
20 , 21 while
21 while 22 in
21 while 30 ,
21 while 33 are
22 in 24 %
23 10 24 %
24 % 25 of
24 % 28 of
25 of 27 cases
26 the 27 cases
28 of 29 disease
33 are 34 present
34 present 35 only
36 the 37 plaques
37 plaques 38 or
38 or 39 only
38 or 41 tangles
40 the 41 tangles

these aspects are even more paradoxical , as the certain diagnosis is established only [at] [necropsy] , on anatomopathological lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 these 2 aspects
2 aspects 3 are
3 are 6 paradoxical
4 even 5 more
5 more 6 paradoxical
7 , 11 diagnosis
7 , 13 established
8 as 10 certain
8 as 11 diagnosis
9 the 10 certain
11 diagnosis 12 is
12 is 13 established
13 established 14 only
13 established 18 on
17 , 18 on
18 on 20 lesions
18 on 21 .
19 anatomopathological 20 lesions

even so , the international diagnosis criteria , based on clinical aspects , can establish a certain , probable or [a] possible diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 establish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 even 2 so
1 even 3 ,
1 even 7 criteria
2 so 3 ,
4 the 7 criteria
5 international 7 criteria
6 diagnosis 7 criteria
7 criteria 9 based
7 criteria 14 can
8 , 9 based
9 based 10 on
9 based 13 ,
10 on 12 aspects
11 clinical 12 aspects
14 can 15 establish
15 establish 23 diagnosis
16 a 23 diagnosis
17 certain 18 ,
18 , 19 probable
18 , 20 or
20 or 22 possible
20 or 23 diagnosis

[it] exist an early - onset form , as well as a late - onset form of disease ( which appears after 80 - 85 years of life ) ; genes are involved in the genesis of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 exist 7 form
3 an 4 early
3 an 7 form
4 early 5 -
4 early 6 onset
6 onset 7 form
7 form 11 as
8 , 11 as
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 16 form
11 as 29 )
12 a 13 late
12 a 16 form
13 late 14 -
13 late 15 onset
15 onset 16 form
16 form 17 of
17 of 18 disease
18 disease 20 which
19 ( 20 which
20 which 21 appears
20 which 29 )
21 appears 22 after
22 after 26 years
23 80 24 -
24 - 25 85
24 - 26 years
26 years 27 of
27 of 28 life
30 ; 31 genes
30 ; 33 involved
31 genes 32 are
32 are 33 involved
33 involved 34 in
34 in 36 genesis
35 the 36 genesis
36 genesis 37 of
37 of 39 disease
38 the 39 disease

a lot of money [are] spent to find an efficient medication in the treatment of the disease ( tramiprosate -- an amyloid - antagonist , dimebon , gamma - secretase inhibitors or a vaccine -- a synthetic form of the amyloid protein ) ; for the moment the used medication may at its best only to [temporary] improve the symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 a 2 lot
2 lot 3 of
2 lot 4 money
3 of 4 money
4 money 6 spent
4 money 32 or
6 spent 7 to
7 to 8 find
8 find 11 medication
8 find 31 inhibitors
9 an 10 efficient
9 an 11 medication
10 efficient 11 medication
11 medication 12 in
11 medication 15 of
11 medication 19 tramiprosate
11 medication 24 antagonist
12 in 14 treatment
13 the 14 treatment
15 of 17 disease
16 the 17 disease
18 ( 19 tramiprosate
19 tramiprosate 20 --
20 -- 24 antagonist
21 an 22 amyloid
21 an 24 antagonist
22 amyloid 23 -
22 amyloid 24 antagonist
24 antagonist 26 dimebon
24 antagonist 28 gamma
24 antagonist 29 -
25 , 26 dimebon
26 dimebon 27 ,
27 , 28 gamma
28 gamma 29 -
30 secretase 31 inhibitors
32 or 34 vaccine
32 or 38 form
33 a 34 vaccine
35 -- 38 form
36 a 37 synthetic
36 a 38 form
37 synthetic 38 form
38 form 39 of
38 form 43 )
39 of 42 protein
40 the 42 protein
41 amyloid 42 protein
44 ; 45 for
44 ; 58 improve
45 for 55 only
46 the 47 moment
47 moment 50 medication
47 moment 51 may
47 moment 55 only
48 the 50 medication
49 used 50 medication
50 medication 51 may
52 at 54 best
52 at 55 only
53 its 54 best
55 only 56 to
56 to 58 improve
58 improve 60 symptoms
59 the 60 symptoms

some scientists believe that approx . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scientists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 believe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 some 2 scientists
2 scientists 3 believe
3 believe 4 that
3 believe 5 approx
4 that 5 approx

network representation of brain connectivity has provided a novel means of investigating brain changes arising from pathology , development or aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 representation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 network 2 representation
2 representation 3 of
2 representation 7 provided
3 of 4 brain
4 brain 5 connectivity
4 brain 6 has
5 connectivity 6 has
7 provided 10 means
7 provided 16 from
8 a 9 novel
8 a 10 means
9 novel 10 means
10 means 11 of
11 of 12 investigating
12 investigating 14 changes
13 brain 14 changes
14 changes 15 arising
16 from 20 or
17 pathology 18 ,
18 , 19 development
18 , 20 or
20 or 21 aging

the high dimensionality of these networks demands methods that are not only able to extract the patterns that highlight these sources of variation , [but] describe them individually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dimensionality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 dimensionality
2 high 3 dimensionality
3 dimensionality 4 of
3 dimensionality 7 demands
4 of 6 networks
5 these 6 networks
7 demands 8 methods
8 methods 9 that
8 methods 10 are
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 not
10 are 12 only
10 are 13 able
13 able 14 to
13 able 15 extract
14 to 15 extract
15 extract 17 patterns
15 extract 28 individually
16 the 17 patterns
17 patterns 18 that
17 patterns 24 ,
18 that 24 ,
19 highlight 21 sources
19 highlight 24 ,
20 these 21 sources
21 sources 22 of
22 of 23 variation
24 , 26 describe
26 describe 27 them

in this paper , we present a unified framework for learning subnetwork patterns of connectivity by their projective [non] - negative decomposition into a reconstructive basis set , as well as [,] additional basis sets representing development and group discrimination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 set
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 present
6 present 9 framework
6 present 10 for
7 a 9 framework
8 unified 9 framework
10 for 11 learning
11 learning 13 patterns
11 learning 16 by
11 learning 27 set
12 subnetwork 13 patterns
13 patterns 14 of
14 of 15 connectivity
16 by 22 decomposition
17 their 22 decomposition
18 projective 20 -
18 projective 22 decomposition
21 negative 22 decomposition
22 decomposition 23 into
23 into 26 basis
24 a 26 basis
25 reconstructive 26 basis
27 set 31 as
28 , 31 as
29 as 30 well
30 well 31 as
31 as 40 discrimination
31 as 41 .
33 additional 37 development
34 basis 35 sets
35 sets 37 development
36 representing 37 development
37 development 38 and
38 and 39 group
38 and 40 discrimination

in order to obtain these components , we exploit the geometrical distribution of the population in the connectivity space by using a graph [-] theoretical scheme that imposes locality - preserving properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 exploit
1 in 2 order
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 obtain
3 to 4 obtain
4 obtain 6 components
5 these 6 components
8 we 9 exploit
9 exploit 12 distribution
9 exploit 16 in
9 exploit 31 preserving
10 the 12 distribution
11 geometrical 12 distribution
12 distribution 13 of
13 of 15 population
14 the 15 population
16 in 19 space
17 the 19 space
18 connectivity 19 space
19 space 20 by
19 space 27 that
19 space 28 imposes
20 by 21 using
21 using 26 scheme
22 a 26 scheme
23 graph 26 scheme
25 theoretical 26 scheme
27 that 28 imposes
28 imposes 29 locality
30 - 31 preserving
31 preserving 32 properties
31 preserving 33 .

in addition , the projection of the subject networks into the basis set provides a low dimensional representation of it , that teases [apart] the different sources of variation in the sample , facilitating variation - specific statistical analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 projection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 projection
4 the 5 projection
5 projection 6 of
5 projection 14 provides
6 of 9 networks
7 the 9 networks
8 subject 9 networks
9 networks 10 into
9 networks 13 set
10 into 12 basis
11 the 12 basis
14 provides 18 representation
15 a 18 representation
16 low 18 representation
17 dimensional 18 representation
18 representation 19 of
19 of 20 it
21 , 22 that
21 , 23 teases
22 that 23 teases
23 teases 27 sources
23 teases 30 in
23 teases 34 facilitating
25 the 27 sources
26 different 27 sources
27 sources 28 of
28 of 29 variation
30 in 32 sample
31 the 32 sample
33 , 34 facilitating
34 facilitating 35 variation
34 facilitating 40 .
35 variation 39 analysis
36 - 39 analysis
37 specific 39 analysis
38 statistical 39 analysis
39 analysis 40 .

the proposed framework is applied to a study of diffusion - based connectivity in subjects with autism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 framework
2 proposed 3 framework
3 framework 4 is
4 is 5 applied
5 applied 6 to
6 to 8 study
7 a 8 study
8 study 9 of
9 of 10 diffusion
11 - 13 connectivity
12 based 13 connectivity
13 connectivity 14 in
14 in 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 with
16 with 17 autism

a valid , time - efficient and easy - [to] - use instrument is important for busy clinical settings , large scale surveys , or community screening use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 instrument
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 valid
1 a 13 instrument
2 valid 4 time
2 valid 13 instrument
3 , 4 time
4 time 7 and
4 time 11 -
5 - 7 and
6 efficient 7 and
7 and 8 easy
7 and 9 -
12 use 13 instrument
13 instrument 14 is
14 is 15 important
15 important 16 for
16 for 25 or
17 busy 19 settings
18 clinical 19 settings
19 settings 20 ,
20 , 23 surveys
20 , 25 or
21 large 22 scale
22 scale 23 surveys
24 , 25 or
25 or 26 community
25 or 27 screening
27 screening 28 use

the purpose of this study was to validate the mobility hierarchical disability categorization model ( an abbreviated model ) by investigating its concurrent validity with the multidimensional hierarchical disability categorization model ( a comprehensive model ) and triangulating both models with physical performance measures in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 validate
7 to 8 validate
8 validate 14 model
8 validate 20 by
8 validate 25 with
9 the 14 model
10 mobility 13 categorization
11 hierarchical 12 disability
12 disability 13 categorization
13 categorization 14 model
14 model 18 model
15 ( 18 model
16 an 18 model
17 abbreviated 18 model
18 model 19 )
20 by 21 investigating
21 investigating 24 validity
22 its 24 validity
23 concurrent 24 validity
25 with 31 model
26 the 31 model
27 multidimensional 29 disability
28 hierarchical 29 disability
29 disability 31 model
30 categorization 31 model
31 model 35 model
32 ( 35 model
33 a 34 comprehensive
33 a 35 model
34 comprehensive 35 model
35 model 36 )
37 and 38 triangulating
37 and 40 models
38 triangulating 39 both
38 triangulating 40 models
40 models 41 with
40 models 44 measures
40 models 45 in
41 with 43 performance
42 physical 43 performance
45 in 47 adults
46 older 47 adults

self - reported function [on] mobility , instrumental activities of daily living ( iadl ) and activities of daily living ( adl ) domains were recorded and then the disability status determined based on both the multidimensional hierarchical categorization model and the mobility hierarchical categorization model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 domains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 self 6 mobility
1 self 16 and
2 - 6 mobility
3 reported 4 function
4 function 6 mobility
6 mobility 9 activities
6 mobility 15 )
7 , 9 activities
8 instrumental 9 activities
9 activities 10 of
9 activities 14 iadl
9 activities 15 )
10 of 12 living
11 daily 12 living
13 ( 14 iadl
14 iadl 15 )
16 and 17 activities
16 and 18 of
16 and 22 adl
16 and 24 domains
18 of 20 living
19 daily 20 living
21 ( 22 adl
22 adl 23 )
24 domains 25 were
25 were 26 recorded
27 and 28 then
27 and 31 status
27 and 33 based
29 the 31 status
30 disability 31 status
31 status 32 determined
31 status 33 based
33 based 34 on
33 based 41 and
34 on 35 both
36 the 40 model
37 multidimensional 39 categorization
38 hierarchical 39 categorization
39 categorization 40 model
40 model 41 and
41 and 46 model
42 the 46 model
43 mobility 46 model
44 hierarchical 45 categorization
45 categorization 46 model

the physical performance measures , consisting of grip strength and usual and fastest gait speeds ( ugs , fgs ) , were collected on the same day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 measures
2 physical 3 performance
3 performance 4 measures
4 measures 6 consisting
4 measures 22 were
5 , 6 consisting
6 consisting 7 of
6 consisting 21 ,
7 of 10 and
8 grip 9 strength
9 strength 10 and
10 and 15 speeds
10 and 19 fgs
11 usual 12 and
12 and 13 fastest
12 and 14 gait
14 gait 15 speeds
16 ( 19 fgs
17 ugs 19 fgs
18 , 19 fgs
19 fgs 20 )
19 fgs 21 ,
22 were 23 collected
23 collected 24 on
24 on 27 day
25 the 26 same
25 the 27 day

both categorization models showed high correlation [(] [γs] [=] 0.92 , p < 0.001 ) and agreement ( kappa [=] 0.61 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 both 3 models
2 categorization 3 models
3 models 4 showed
4 showed 6 correlation
4 showed 16 and
5 high 6 correlation
6 correlation 10 0.92
6 correlation 13 <
11 , 13 <
12 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.001
13 < 15 )
16 and 17 agreement
17 agreement 19 kappa
17 agreement 24 <
18 ( 19 kappa
19 kappa 21 0.61
19 kappa 22 ,
22 , 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.0001
24 < 26 )

physical performance measures demonstrated significant different group means among the disability subgroups based on both categorization models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 physical 2 performance
2 performance 3 measures
3 measures 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 8 means
5 significant 7 group
6 different 7 group
7 group 8 means
8 means 9 among
8 means 13 based
9 among 12 subgroups
10 the 12 subgroups
11 disability 12 subgroups
13 based 14 on
14 on 17 models
15 both 17 models
16 categorization 17 models

the results of multiple regression analysis indicated that both models individually explain similar amount of variance on all physical performances , with adjustments for age , sex , and number of comorbidities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 7 indicated
3 of 6 analysis
4 multiple 6 analysis
5 regression 6 analysis
7 indicated 8 that
8 that 10 models
8 that 12 explain
9 both 10 models
10 models 12 explain
11 individually 12 explain
12 explain 29 and
13 similar 14 amount
14 amount 15 of
14 amount 29 and
15 of 16 variance
16 variance 17 on
16 variance 22 with
17 on 20 performances
18 all 20 performances
19 physical 20 performances
21 , 22 with
22 with 23 adjustments
22 with 28 ,
23 adjustments 24 for
23 adjustments 27 sex
24 for 25 age
26 , 27 sex
27 sex 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 number
29 and 31 of
31 of 32 comorbidities

our results found that the mobility hierarchical disability categorization model is a valid and time efficient tool [for] large survey or screening use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 10 model
4 that 11 is
5 the 10 model
6 mobility 10 model
7 hierarchical 8 disability
8 disability 10 model
9 categorization 10 model
10 model 11 is
11 is 23 use
12 a 23 use
13 valid 14 and
14 and 20 survey
14 and 21 or
15 time 20 survey
16 efficient 17 tool
17 tool 20 survey
19 large 20 survey
21 or 22 screening
21 or 23 use

background : anti - oxidant capacity is crucial defence against environmental or endogenous oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 6 capacity
2 : 7 is
3 anti 4 -
3 anti 6 capacity
5 oxidant 6 capacity
6 capacity 7 is
7 is 9 defence
8 crucial 9 defence
9 defence 10 against
10 against 15 stress
11 environmental 12 or
12 or 13 endogenous
12 or 15 stress
14 oxidative 15 stress

nuclear factor [erythroid] 2 - related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) is a redox - sensitive transcription factor that plays a key defensive role against oxidative and cytotoxic stress and cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 nuclear 2 factor
2 factor 4 2
2 factor 12 is
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 factor
6 related 11 )
6 related 12 is
7 factor 8 2
7 factor 10 nrf2
9 ( 10 nrf2
10 nrf2 11 )
12 is 18 factor
13 a 14 redox
13 a 18 factor
14 redox 15 -
14 redox 17 transcription
16 sensitive 17 transcription
17 transcription 18 factor
18 factor 19 that
18 factor 20 plays
19 that 20 plays
20 plays 24 role
21 a 24 role
22 key 24 role
23 defensive 24 role
24 role 25 against
25 against 30 and
26 oxidative 27 and
27 and 29 stress
27 and 30 and
28 cytotoxic 29 stress
30 and 32 senescence
31 cellular 32 senescence

however , nrf2 signalling is impaired in several aging - related diseases , such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease ( copd ) , cancer , and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nrf2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 nrf2
3 nrf2 4 signalling
3 nrf2 5 is
5 is 6 impaired
6 impaired 7 in
6 impaired 9 aging
7 in 8 several
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 diseases
11 related 15 as
11 related 22 )
13 , 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 19 disease
15 as 22 )
16 chronic 19 disease
17 pulmonary 19 disease
18 obstructive 19 disease
19 disease 21 copd
20 ( 21 copd
21 copd 22 )
23 , 26 and
24 cancer 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 diseases
27 neurodegenerative 28 diseases

thus , novel therapeutics that enhance nrf2 signalling are an attractive approach to treat these diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 therapeutics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 therapeutics
3 novel 4 therapeutics
4 therapeutics 5 that
4 therapeutics 6 enhance
4 therapeutics 9 are
5 that 6 enhance
6 enhance 7 nrf2
7 nrf2 8 signalling
9 are 12 approach
9 are 13 to
10 an 11 attractive
10 an 12 approach
11 attractive 12 approach
13 to 14 treat
14 treat 16 diseases
15 these 16 diseases

methodology/principal findings : nrf2 was stabilized by ski - ii ( 2 - ( p - hydroxyanilino ) - 4 - [(] p - chlorophenyl ) thiazole [ )(, which is a known sphingosine kinase inhibitor [,] in human bronchial epithelial cell line , beas2b , and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells , leading to enhancement of anti - oxidant proteins , such as ho - 1 , nqo1 and gclm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
3 : 4 nrf2
3 : 6 stabilized
3 : 9 -
4 nrf2 5 was
5 was 6 stabilized
6 stabilized 7 by
7 by 8 ski
9 - 10 ii
9 - 19 -
10 ii 12 2
10 ii 16 -
11 ( 12 2
12 2 13 -
14 ( 16 -
15 p 16 -
16 - 17 hydroxyanilino
16 - 18 )
19 - 20 4
19 - 27 thiazole
19 - 29 )(,
19 - 31 is
20 4 24 -
20 4 27 thiazole
21 - 24 -
23 p 24 -
24 - 25 chlorophenyl
24 - 26 )
29 )(, 30 which
30 which 31 is
31 is 36 inhibitor
32 a 36 inhibitor
33 known 36 inhibitor
34 sphingosine 36 inhibitor
35 kinase 36 inhibitor
36 inhibitor 47 and
38 in 43 line
38 in 47 and
39 human 43 line
40 bronchial 43 line
41 epithelial 43 line
42 cell 43 line
43 line 45 beas2b
44 , 45 beas2b
45 beas2b 46 ,
46 , 47 and
47 and 48 in
48 in 53 cells
49 primary 50 human
50 human 53 cells
51 bronchial 53 cells
52 epithelial 53 cells
53 cells 55 leading
54 , 55 leading
55 leading 56 to
55 leading 62 proteins
55 leading 65 as
56 to 57 enhancement
57 enhancement 58 of
58 of 61 oxidant
59 anti 60 -
59 anti 61 oxidant
63 , 65 as
64 such 65 as
65 as 66 ho
65 as 73 .
66 ho 68 1
66 ho 72 gclm
67 - 68 1
68 1 69 ,
69 , 72 gclm
70 nqo1 71 and
71 and 72 gclm
72 gclm 73 .

the activation of nrf2 was achieved by the generation of inactive dimerized form of keap1 , a negative regulator of nrf2 expression , which was independent of sphingosine kinase inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 activation
2 activation 3 of
2 activation 5 was
3 of 4 nrf2
5 was 6 achieved
6 achieved 7 by
7 by 9 generation
8 the 9 generation
9 generation 10 of
10 of 13 form
11 inactive 13 form
12 dimerized 13 form
13 form 14 of
13 form 24 which
13 form 25 was
13 form 27 of
14 of 15 keap1
15 keap1 19 regulator
16 , 19 regulator
17 a 18 negative
17 a 19 regulator
18 negative 19 regulator
19 regulator 20 of
19 regulator 23 ,
20 of 22 expression
21 nrf2 22 expression
24 which 25 was
25 was 26 independent
27 of 30 inhibition
28 sphingosine 30 inhibition
29 kinase 30 inhibition

using mice that were exposed to cigarette smoke , ski - ii induced nrf2 expression together with ho - 1 in their lungs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ii
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 using 2 mice
1 using 11 -
1 using 12 ii
2 mice 3 that
2 mice 4 were
3 that 4 were
4 were 5 exposed
5 exposed 6 to
6 to 8 smoke
7 cigarette 8 smoke
8 smoke 10 ski
9 , 10 ski
10 ski 11 -
12 ii 13 induced
13 induced 15 expression
13 induced 16 together
13 induced 17 with
14 nrf2 15 expression
17 with 18 ho
17 with 20 1
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 in
21 in 23 lungs
22 their 23 lungs

in addition , ski - ii reduced cigarette smoke mediated oxidative stress , macrophages and neutrophil infiltration and markers of inflammation in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ii
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 6 ii
2 addition 4 ski
3 , 4 ski
4 ski 5 -
6 ii 7 reduced
7 reduced 18 and
7 reduced 22 in
8 cigarette 10 mediated
9 smoke 10 mediated
10 mediated 12 stress
11 oxidative 12 stress
12 stress 13 ,
13 , 14 macrophages
13 , 15 and
15 and 17 infiltration
15 and 18 and
16 neutrophil 17 infiltration
18 and 19 markers
18 and 20 of
20 of 21 inflammation
22 in 23 mice

conclusions/significance : ski - ii appears to be a novel activator of nrf2 signalling via the inactivation of keap1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions/significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions/significance 2 :
2 : 3 ski
4 - 5 ii
4 - 6 appears
5 ii 6 appears
6 appears 7 to
6 appears 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 11 activator
9 a 11 activator
10 novel 11 activator
11 activator 12 of
11 activator 14 signalling
12 of 13 nrf2
14 signalling 15 via
15 via 17 inactivation
16 the 17 inactivation
17 inactivation 18 of
18 of 19 keap1

background : frailty is related to adverse outcomes in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 frailty
2 : 5 related
2 : 12 .
3 frailty 4 is
4 is 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 9 in
6 to 8 outcomes
7 adverse 8 outcomes
9 in 11 elderly
10 the 11 elderly

however , current status and clinical significance of frailty have not been evaluated for the korean elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 and
3 current 4 status
4 status 5 and
5 and 7 significance
5 and 8 of
5 and 10 have
6 clinical 7 significance
8 of 9 frailty
10 have 11 not
10 have 12 been
12 been 13 evaluated
13 evaluated 14 for
14 for 18 population
15 the 18 population
16 korean 18 population
17 elderly 18 population

we aimed to investigate the usefulness of established frailty criteria for community [-] dwelling korean [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 11 for
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 usefulness
5 the 6 usefulness
6 usefulness 7 of
7 of 10 criteria
8 established 9 frailty
9 frailty 10 criteria
11 for 15 korean
12 community 14 dwelling
14 dwelling 15 korean

we also tried to develop and validate a new frailty index based on a multidimensional model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 6 and
2 also 3 tried
3 tried 4 to
3 tried 5 develop
3 tried 6 and
4 to 5 develop
6 and 7 validate
7 validate 11 index
7 validate 13 on
8 a 9 new
8 a 11 index
9 new 10 frailty
10 frailty 11 index
11 index 12 based
13 on 16 model
14 a 15 multidimensional
14 a 16 model
15 multidimensional 16 model

methods : we studied 693 participants of the korean longitudinal study on health and aging ( klosha ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 studied
2 : 19 .
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 6 participants
4 studied 12 on
5 693 6 participants
6 participants 7 of
7 of 11 study
8 the 9 korean
9 korean 11 study
10 longitudinal 11 study
12 on 14 and
13 health 14 and
14 and 15 aging
15 aging 17 klosha
16 ( 17 klosha
17 klosha 18 )

we developed a new frailty index ( klosha frailty index , kfi ) and compared predictability of it with the established frailty indexes from the cardiovascular health study ( chs ) and study of osteoporotic fracture ( sof ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 developed
2 developed 6 index
3 a 6 index
4 new 5 frailty
5 frailty 6 index
6 index 14 and
7 ( 14 and
8 klosha 9 frailty
9 frailty 10 index
10 index 12 kfi
11 , 12 kfi
12 kfi 13 )
12 kfi 14 and
14 and 16 predictability
14 and 17 of
14 and 19 with
14 and 39 )
15 compared 16 predictability
17 of 18 it
19 with 23 indexes
20 the 23 indexes
21 established 22 frailty
22 frailty 23 indexes
23 indexes 24 from
23 indexes 34 of
24 from 33 study
25 the 33 study
26 cardiovascular 27 health
27 health 28 study
28 study 30 chs
29 ( 30 chs
30 chs 31 )
30 chs 32 and
32 and 33 study
34 of 38 sof
35 osteoporotic 36 fracture
36 fracture 38 sof
37 ( 38 sof

mortality , hospitalization , and functional decline were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 mortality 2 ,
2 , 3 hospitalization
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 decline
5 and 8 were
6 functional 7 decline
8 were 9 evaluated

results : the prevalence of frailty was 9.2 % ( sof [index] ) , 13.2 % ( chs [index] ) , [and] 15.6 % ( kfi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 7 was
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 7 was
5 of 6 frailty
7 was 9 %
8 9.2 9 %
9 % 11 sof
9 % 16 %
9 % 24 %
10 ( 11 sof
11 sof 13 )
14 , 16 %
15 13.2 16 %
16 % 18 chs
16 % 21 ,
17 ( 18 chs
18 chs 20 )
21 , 24 %
23 15.6 24 %
24 % 26 kfi
24 % 27 )
25 ( 26 kfi
26 kfi 27 )

the criteria from chs and kfi correlated with each other , but sof did not correlate with kfi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 criteria
2 criteria 3 from
2 criteria 12 but
3 from 5 and
4 chs 5 and
5 and 6 kfi
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 12 but
8 with 10 other
9 each 10 other
11 , 12 but
12 but 16 correlate
13 sof 14 did
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 correlate
16 correlate 17 with
17 with 18 kfi

during the [follow] [-] up period ( 5.6 ± 0.9 years ) , 97 participants ( 14.0 % ) died . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 died
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 during 6 period
1 during 13 ,
1 during 15 participants
2 the 6 period
5 up 6 period
6 period 11 years
7 ( 11 years
8 5.6 11 years
9 ± 11 years
10 0.9 11 years
11 years 12 )
14 97 15 participants
15 participants 18 %
15 participants 20 died
16 ( 18 %
17 14.0 18 %
18 % 19 )

frailty defined by kfi predicted mortality better than chs index ( c - index [:] 0.713 and 0.596 , respectively ; p<0.001 , [better] for kfi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 p<0.001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 frailty 2 defined
1 frailty 5 predicted
2 defined 3 by
3 by 4 kfi
5 predicted 6 mortality
6 mortality 7 better
7 better 8 than
7 better 13 -
7 better 20 respectively
8 than 10 index
9 chs 10 index
11 ( 13 -
12 c 13 -
13 - 14 index
13 - 19 ,
14 index 17 and
16 0.713 17 and
17 and 18 0.596
19 , 20 respectively
20 respectively 21 ;
21 ; 22 p<0.001
22 p<0.001 25 for
23 , 25 for
25 for 26 kfi
25 for 27 )

in contrast , frailty by sof [index] was not related to mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 frailty
4 frailty 5 by
4 frailty 8 was
5 by 6 sof
8 was 9 not
8 was 11 to
9 not 10 related
11 to 12 mortality

the kfi showed better predictability for following functional decline than chs index ( area under the receiver - operating characteristic curve was 0.937 for kfi [and] 0.704 for chs index , p = 0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 kfi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 than
1 the 2 kfi
2 kfi 3 showed
3 showed 4 better
3 showed 5 predictability
3 showed 6 for
6 for 7 following
7 following 9 decline
7 following 10 than
8 functional 9 decline
10 than 12 index
10 than 22 was
11 chs 12 index
12 index 18 -
12 index 22 was
13 ( 18 -
14 area 15 under
14 area 18 -
15 under 17 receiver
16 the 17 receiver
18 - 21 curve
19 operating 21 curve
20 characteristic 21 curve
22 was 23 0.937
23 0.937 24 for
23 0.937 27 0.704
23 0.937 30 index
24 for 25 kfi
27 0.704 28 for
27 0.704 30 index
28 for 29 chs
30 index 33 =
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.001
33 = 36 )(

however , the sof index could not [predict] [subsequent] [functional] decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 index
3 the 5 index
4 sof 5 index
5 index 6 could
6 could 7 not
6 could 11 decline

frailty by the kfi ( or = 2.13 , 95 % ci 1.04 - 4.35 [ )(and chs index ( or = 2.24 , 95 % ci 1.05 - 4.76 ) were associated with hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 =
1 frailty 2 by
1 frailty 7 =
2 by 6 or
3 the 6 or
4 kfi 6 or
5 ( 6 or
7 = 8 2.13
8 2.13 11 %
9 , 11 %
10 95 11 %
11 % 17 )(and
11 % 19 index
11 % 21 or
11 % 36 .
12 ci 14 -
12 ci 17 )(and
13 1.04 14 -
14 - 15 4.35
17 )(and 18 chs
17 )(and 19 index
20 ( 21 or
21 or 23 2.24
21 or 32 were
21 or 33 associated
21 or 34 with
21 or 36 .
22 = 23 2.24
23 2.24 27 ci
23 2.24 32 were
24 , 27 ci
25 95 27 ci
26 % 27 ci
27 ci 29 -
27 ci 31 )
28 1.05 29 -
29 - 30 4.76
34 with 35 hospitalization

in contrast , frailty by the sof index was not correlated with hospitalization ( or [=] 1.43 , 95 % ci 0.68 - 3.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 frailty
4 frailty 5 by
4 frailty 9 was
5 by 8 index
6 the 8 index
7 sof 8 index
9 was 10 not
9 was 12 with
10 not 11 correlated
12 with 13 hospitalization
13 hospitalization 15 or
13 hospitalization 21 ci
14 ( 15 or
15 or 17 1.43
15 or 18 ,
18 , 21 ci
19 95 21 ci
20 % 21 ci
21 ci 23 -
21 ci 25 )
22 0.68 23 -
23 - 24 3.01

conclusion : prevalence of frailty was higher in korea compared to previous studies in other countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 prevalence
2 : 6 was
2 : 17 .
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 6 was
4 of 5 frailty
6 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 in
8 in 9 korea
9 korea 10 compared
10 compared 11 to
10 compared 14 in
11 to 13 studies
12 previous 13 studies
14 in 16 countries
15 other 16 countries

a novel frailty index ( kfi ) , which includes domains of comprehensive geriatric assessment , is a valid criterion for the evaluation and prediction of frailty in the korean elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 novel
1 a 4 index
2 novel 3 frailty
3 frailty 4 index
4 index 6 kfi
4 index 9 which
4 index 17 is
5 ( 6 kfi
6 kfi 7 )
8 , 9 which
9 which 10 includes
9 which 16 ,
10 includes 11 domains
11 domains 12 of
12 of 15 assessment
13 comprehensive 15 assessment
14 geriatric 15 assessment
17 is 20 criterion
18 a 20 criterion
19 valid 20 criterion
20 criterion 21 for
20 criterion 26 of
20 criterion 28 in
21 for 24 and
22 the 23 evaluation
23 evaluation 24 and
24 and 25 prediction
26 of 27 frailty
28 in 32 population
29 the 32 population
30 korean 32 population
31 elderly 32 population

breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose molecular diversity is not well reflected in clinical and pathological markers used for prognosis [and] treatment selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 breast 2 cancer
2 cancer 3 is
3 is 6 disease
4 a 6 disease
5 heterogeneous 6 disease
6 disease 7 whose
7 whose 9 diversity
8 molecular 9 diversity
9 diversity 10 is
11 not 12 well
11 not 19 used
12 well 13 reflected
12 well 14 in
12 well 19 used
14 in 18 markers
15 clinical 16 and
16 and 17 pathological
16 and 18 markers
19 used 20 for
19 used 24 selection
20 for 23 treatment
21 prognosis 23 treatment

as tumor cells secrete proteins into the extracellular environment , some of these proteins reach circulation and could become suitable biomarkers for improving diagnosis or monitoring response to treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 as 3 cells
1 as 4 secrete
1 as 10 ,
1 as 14 proteins
2 tumor 3 cells
3 cells 4 secrete
4 secrete 5 proteins
4 secrete 6 into
6 into 9 environment
7 the 9 environment
8 extracellular 9 environment
11 some 12 of
11 some 14 proteins
12 of 14 proteins
13 these 14 proteins
14 proteins 17 and
15 reach 16 circulation
15 reach 17 and
17 and 18 could
18 could 19 become
19 become 21 biomarkers
19 become 22 for
19 become 28 to
20 suitable 21 biomarkers
22 for 25 or
23 improving 24 diagnosis
24 diagnosis 25 or
25 or 27 response
26 monitoring 27 response
28 to 29 treatment

as many signaling pathways and interaction networks are altered in cancerous tissues by protein phosphorylation , changes in the secretory phosphoproteome of cancer tissues could reflect both disease progression and subtype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 as 2 many
1 as 5 and
2 many 3 signaling
4 pathways 5 and
5 and 7 networks
5 and 8 are
6 interaction 7 networks
8 are 16 ,
9 altered 10 in
9 altered 13 by
9 altered 16 ,
10 in 12 tissues
11 cancerous 12 tissues
13 by 15 phosphorylation
14 protein 15 phosphorylation
16 , 30 and
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 29 progression
17 changes 30 and
18 in 21 phosphoproteome
19 the 21 phosphoproteome
20 secretory 21 phosphoproteome
21 phosphoproteome 22 of
22 of 23 cancer
23 cancer 24 tissues
23 cancer 26 reflect
24 tissues 25 could
25 could 26 reflect
26 reflect 27 both
28 disease 29 progression
30 and 31 subtype

to test this hypothesis , we compared the phosphopeptide - enriched fractions obtained from proteins secreted into conditioned media ( cm ) derived from five luminal and five basal type breast cancer cell lines using label - free quantitative mass spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 to 2 test
1 to 5 ,
1 to 6 we
2 test 4 hypothesis
3 this 4 hypothesis
6 we 7 compared
7 compared 9 phosphopeptide
8 the 9 phosphopeptide
10 - 27 and
10 - 37 -
11 enriched 12 fractions
12 fractions 13 obtained
12 fractions 27 and
13 obtained 14 from
13 obtained 26 luminal
14 from 15 proteins
15 proteins 16 secreted
15 proteins 23 derived
15 proteins 24 from
16 secreted 17 into
17 into 19 media
18 conditioned 19 media
19 media 21 cm
20 ( 21 cm
21 cm 22 )
24 from 25 five
27 and 36 label
28 five 29 basal
29 basal 34 lines
30 type 32 cancer
31 breast 32 cancer
32 cancer 34 lines
33 cell 34 lines
34 lines 36 label
35 using 36 label
37 - 38 free
37 - 42 .
38 free 41 spectrometry
39 quantitative 40 mass
40 mass 41 spectrometry

altogether over 5000 phosphosites derived from 1756 phosphoproteins were identified , several of which have the potential to qualify as phosphopeptide plasma biomarker candidates for the more aggressive basal and also the luminal - type breast cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 phosphosites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 qualify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 altogether 4 phosphosites
2 over 3 5000
3 5000 4 phosphosites
4 phosphosites 5 derived
4 phosphosites 9 were
5 derived 6 from
6 from 8 phosphoproteins
7 1756 8 phosphoproteins
9 were 10 identified
11 , 12 several
11 , 15 have
12 several 13 of
12 several 15 have
13 of 14 which
15 have 17 potential
15 have 18 to
16 the 17 potential
18 to 19 qualify
19 qualify 20 as
19 qualify 30 and
20 as 21 phosphopeptide
22 plasma 24 candidates
23 biomarker 24 candidates
24 candidates 25 for
24 candidates 30 and
25 for 29 basal
26 the 29 basal
27 more 28 aggressive
28 aggressive 29 basal
30 and 31 also
30 and 37 cancers
32 the 37 cancers
33 luminal 34 -
33 luminal 37 cancers
35 type 37 cancers
36 breast 37 cancers

the analysis of phosphopeptides from breast cancer patient plasma and controls allowed us to construct a discovery list of phosphosites under rigorous collection conditions , and second to qualify discovery candidates generated from the cm studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 10 and
3 of 4 phosphopeptides
4 phosphopeptides 5 from
5 from 9 plasma
6 breast 7 cancer
7 cancer 9 plasma
8 patient 9 plasma
10 and 11 controls
10 and 12 allowed
12 allowed 13 us
12 allowed 14 to
12 allowed 26 and
14 to 26 and
15 construct 18 list
15 construct 21 under
15 construct 26 and
16 a 18 list
17 discovery 18 list
18 list 19 of
19 of 20 phosphosites
21 under 24 conditions
22 rigorous 23 collection
23 collection 24 conditions
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 second
26 and 36 studies
27 second 28 to
27 second 31 candidates
28 to 29 qualify
29 qualify 30 discovery
31 candidates 32 generated
32 generated 33 from
33 from 35 cm
34 the 35 cm

indeed , a set of basal - specific phosphorylation cm site candidates derived from ibp3 , cd44 , opn , fstl3 , lamb1 , and stc2 , and luminal - specific candidates derived from cytc and ibp5 were selected and [,] based on their presence in plasma , quantified across all cell line cm samples using skyline ms1 intensity data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 set
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 derived
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 4 set
3 a 4 set
4 set 5 of
4 set 13 derived
5 of 12 candidates
6 basal 7 -
6 basal 12 candidates
8 specific 12 candidates
9 phosphorylation 12 candidates
10 cm 11 site
11 site 12 candidates
13 derived 14 from
13 derived 19 opn
14 from 15 ibp3
15 ibp3 17 cd44
16 , 17 cd44
17 cd44 18 ,
19 opn 28 and
20 , 28 and
21 fstl3 25 and
21 fstl3 28 and
22 , 25 and
23 lamb1 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 stc2
25 and 27 ,
28 and 32 candidates
28 and 33 derived
28 and 34 from
28 and 40 and
28 and 61 .
29 luminal 30 -
29 luminal 32 candidates
31 specific 32 candidates
34 from 36 and
35 cytc 36 and
36 and 37 ibp5
38 were 39 selected
38 were 40 and
40 and 42 based
40 and 43 on
40 and 45 presence
40 and 46 in
44 their 45 presence
46 in 47 plasma
47 plasma 49 quantified
48 , 49 quantified
49 quantified 50 across
49 quantified 61 .
50 across 55 samples
51 all 55 samples
52 cell 53 line
53 line 55 samples
54 cm 55 samples
55 samples 56 using
56 using 60 data
57 skyline 58 ms1
58 ms1 60 data
59 intensity 60 data

together , this approach allowed us to assemble a set of novel cancer [subtype] specific phosphopeptide candidates for subsequent biomarker verification and clinical validation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 approach
3 this 4 approach
4 approach 5 allowed
5 allowed 6 us
5 allowed 7 to
5 allowed 8 assemble
7 to 8 assemble
8 assemble 10 set
8 assemble 18 for
9 a 10 set
10 set 11 of
11 of 17 candidates
12 novel 13 cancer
13 cancer 17 candidates
15 specific 16 phosphopeptide
16 phosphopeptide 17 candidates
18 for 22 and
19 subsequent 20 biomarker
20 biomarker 21 verification
21 verification 22 and
22 and 24 validation
23 clinical 24 validation

the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the age [-] associated decrease of tendon stiffness would necessitate greater muscle fascicle strains to produce similar levels of force during isometric contraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 strains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 study
2 aim 9 test
2 aim 21 would
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 test
8 to 9 test
9 test 11 hypothesis
10 the 11 hypothesis
11 hypothesis 12 that
12 that 14 age
12 that 16 associated
13 the 14 age
14 age 16 associated
16 associated 17 decrease
17 decrease 18 of
18 of 20 stiffness
19 tendon 20 stiffness
21 would 22 necessitate
22 necessitate 24 muscle
23 greater 24 muscle
24 muscle 25 fascicle
24 muscle 26 strains
25 fascicle 26 strains
26 strains 27 to
27 to 28 produce
28 produce 30 levels
28 produce 33 during
29 similar 30 levels
30 levels 31 of
31 of 32 force
33 during 35 contraction
34 isometric 35 contraction

greater fascicle strains could force sarcomeres to operate in less advantageous regions of their force - length and force - velocity relationships , thus impairing the capacity to generate strong and explosive contractions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 greater 3 strains
2 fascicle 3 strains
3 strains 4 could
4 could 5 force
5 force 6 sarcomeres
5 force 7 to
5 force 8 operate
7 to 8 operate
8 operate 9 in
9 in 12 regions
10 less 11 advantageous
11 advantageous 12 regions
12 regions 13 of
12 regions 25 impairing
13 of 15 force
14 their 15 force
15 force 18 and
16 - 18 and
17 length 18 and
18 and 19 force
18 and 22 relationships
18 and 23 ,
20 - 22 relationships
21 velocity 22 relationships
22 relationships 23 ,
24 thus 25 impairing
25 impairing 27 capacity
26 the 27 capacity
27 capacity 28 to
27 capacity 29 generate
28 to 29 generate
29 generate 33 contractions
30 strong 31 and
31 and 32 explosive
31 and 33 contractions

to test this hypothesis , sagittal - plane dynamic velocity - encoded phase - contrast magnetic resonance images of the gastrocnemius medialis ( gm ) muscle and achilles tendon ( at ) were acquired in six young [(] yw [;] 26.1 ± 2.3 [yr] [ )(and six senior ( sw [;] 76.7 ± 8.3 [yr] ) women during submaximal isometric contraction ( 35 % maximum voluntary isometric contraction [ )(of the plantar flexor muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 to 2 test
2 test 4 hypothesis
3 this 4 hypothesis
5 , 8 plane
5 , 11 -
6 sagittal 7 -
6 sagittal 8 plane
8 plane 10 velocity
9 dynamic 10 velocity
11 - 13 phase
11 - 14 -
12 encoded 13 phase
14 - 15 contrast
15 contrast 27 and
16 magnetic 18 images
17 resonance 18 images
18 images 19 of
18 images 27 and
19 of 21 gastrocnemius
20 the 21 gastrocnemius
21 gastrocnemius 22 medialis
21 gastrocnemius 26 muscle
22 medialis 24 gm
22 medialis 26 muscle
23 ( 24 gm
24 gm 25 )
27 and 28 achilles
27 and 29 tendon
27 and 33 were
27 and 34 acquired
29 tendon 31 at
29 tendon 33 were
30 ( 31 at
31 at 32 )
34 acquired 35 in
35 in 46 )(and
36 six 42 ±
37 young 42 ±
39 yw 41 26.1
39 yw 42 ±
42 ± 43 2.3
42 ± 46 )(and
46 )(and 57 women
46 )(and 58 during
47 six 57 women
48 senior 53 ±
48 senior 56 )
48 senior 57 women
49 ( 53 ±
50 sw 53 ±
52 76.7 53 ±
53 ± 54 8.3
53 ± 56 )
58 during 61 contraction
59 submaximal 61 contraction
60 isometric 61 contraction
61 contraction 64 %
62 ( 64 %
63 35 64 %
64 % 68 contraction
64 % 74 muscles
64 % 75 .
65 maximum 68 contraction
66 voluntary 68 contraction
67 isometric 68 contraction
68 contraction 70 )(of
68 contraction 74 muscles
70 )(of 73 flexor
71 the 73 flexor
72 plantar 73 flexor

multiple gm fascicle lengths were continuously determined by automatically tracking regions of interest coinciding with the end points of muscle fascicles evenly distributed along the muscle 's proximo - distal length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lengths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 multiple 4 lengths
2 gm 4 lengths
3 fascicle 4 lengths
4 lengths 5 were
5 were 6 continuously
5 were 7 determined
7 determined 8 by
8 by 10 tracking
9 automatically 10 tracking
10 tracking 11 regions
11 regions 12 of
12 of 13 interest
13 interest 14 coinciding
13 interest 15 with
13 interest 18 points
13 interest 23 distributed
15 with 17 end
16 the 17 end
18 points 19 of
18 points 23 distributed
19 of 21 fascicles
20 muscle 21 fascicles
22 evenly 23 distributed
23 distributed 24 along
24 along 31 length
25 the 26 muscle
26 muscle 27 's
27 's 31 length
28 proximo 29 -
28 proximo 31 length
30 distal 31 length

at stiffness and young 's modulus were measured as the slopes of the tendon 's force - elongation and stress - strain curves , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 at 2 stiffness
2 stiffness 3 and
3 and 6 modulus
3 and 7 were
4 young 5 's
5 's 6 modulus
7 were 8 measured
8 measured 9 as
8 measured 25 respectively
9 as 11 slopes
10 the 11 slopes
11 slopes 12 of
11 slopes 19 and
12 of 16 force
13 the 14 tendon
14 tendon 15 's
15 's 16 force
17 - 19 and
18 elongation 19 and
19 and 20 stress
19 and 23 curves
19 and 24 ,
21 - 23 curves
22 strain 23 curves
23 curves 24 ,

[despite] significantly lower at stiffness at older age ( yw : 120.2 ± 52.3 n/mm [vs] . sw : 53.9 ± 44.4 n/mm , p = 0.040 ) , contraction - induced changes in gm fascicle lengths were similar in both age groups at equal levels of absolute muscular force ( 4 - 5 % fascicle shortening in both groups [ )(, and even significantly larger in yw [(] yw : 11 - 12 % vs [.] sw : 6 - 8 % fascicle shortening [ )(at equal percentage of maximum voluntary contraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
2 significantly 3 lower
3 lower 5 stiffness
4 at 5 stiffness
5 stiffness 6 at
6 at 8 age
7 older 8 age
8 age 10 yw
9 ( 10 yw
10 yw 11 :
11 : 12 120.2
11 : 17 .
12 120.2 13 ±
13 ± 15 n/mm
14 52.3 15 n/mm
17 . 18 sw
17 . 19 :
17 . 21 ±
19 : 20 53.9
20 53.9 21 ±
21 ± 23 n/mm
21 ± 31 -
22 44.4 23 n/mm
23 n/mm 26 =
24 , 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.040
26 = 28 )
29 , 31 -
30 contraction 31 -
31 - 33 changes
32 induced 33 changes
33 changes 34 in
33 changes 39 similar
33 changes 42 age
33 changes 43 groups
34 in 35 gm
35 gm 37 lengths
35 gm 38 were
36 fascicle 37 lengths
37 lengths 38 were
39 similar 40 in
40 in 41 both
42 age 43 groups
43 groups 44 at
44 at 45 equal
45 equal 46 levels
45 equal 56 fascicle
46 levels 47 of
46 levels 56 fascicle
47 of 50 force
48 absolute 50 force
49 muscular 50 force
50 force 53 -
51 ( 53 -
52 4 53 -
53 - 55 %
54 5 55 %
56 fascicle 63 and
56 fascicle 67 in
57 shortening 58 in
57 shortening 63 and
58 in 60 groups
59 both 60 groups
62 )(, 63 and
63 and 64 even
63 and 66 larger
65 significantly 66 larger
67 in 68 yw
68 yw 70 yw
68 yw 71 :
70 yw 71 :
71 : 73 -
72 11 73 -
73 - 74 12
74 12 75 %
75 % 76 vs
75 % 79 :
76 vs 78 sw
79 : 80 6
80 6 85 shortening
81 - 85 shortening
82 8 85 shortening
83 % 84 fascicle
84 fascicle 85 shortening
85 shortening 87 )(at
85 shortening 90 of
85 shortening 94 .
87 )(at 89 percentage
88 equal 89 percentage
90 of 93 contraction
91 maximum 93 contraction
92 voluntary 93 contraction

these results suggest that factors other than at stiffness , such as age - associated changes in muscle composition or fascicle slack , might serve as compensatory adaptations , limiting the degree of fascicle strains upon contraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 5 factors
4 that 5 factors
5 factors 7 than
5 factors 9 stiffness
5 factors 12 as
6 other 7 than
7 than 8 at
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 13 age
12 as 14 -
14 - 23 ,
14 - 29 ,
15 associated 16 changes
15 associated 17 in
15 associated 23 ,
17 in 20 or
18 muscle 19 composition
19 composition 20 or
20 or 22 slack
21 fascicle 22 slack
23 , 24 might
24 might 25 serve
25 serve 28 adaptations
26 as 27 compensatory
27 compensatory 28 adaptations
29 , 30 limiting
29 , 35 strains
30 limiting 34 fascicle
30 limiting 35 strains
31 the 32 degree
32 degree 33 of
32 degree 34 fascicle
33 of 34 fascicle
35 strains 36 upon
36 upon 37 contraction

this article explores mutual caregiving between older spouses aging with physical disabilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 explores
3 explores 5 caregiving
3 explores 6 between
4 mutual 5 caregiving
6 between 8 spouses
7 older 8 spouses
8 spouses 9 aging
9 aging 10 with
10 with 12 disabilities
11 physical 12 disabilities

nine older couples , where both partners had lived long lives with physical disabilities , were interviewed as dyads about mutual caregiving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 couples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 nine 3 couples
2 older 3 couples
3 couples 5 where
3 couples 16 were
4 , 5 where
5 where 7 partners
5 where 9 lived
5 where 15 ,
6 both 7 partners
7 partners 8 had
8 had 9 lived
9 lived 11 lives
9 lived 12 with
10 long 11 lives
12 with 14 disabilities
13 physical 14 disabilities
16 were 17 interviewed
17 interviewed 18 as
17 interviewed 20 about
18 as 19 dyads
20 about 22 caregiving
21 mutual 22 caregiving

the couples not only had access to different kinds and degrees of formal support but also provided mutual care to each other in a variety of ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 couples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 couples
2 couples 16 also
3 not 4 only
4 only 16 also
5 had 6 access
5 had 7 to
5 had 16 also
7 to 10 and
8 different 9 kinds
9 kinds 10 and
10 and 14 support
11 degrees 12 of
11 degrees 14 support
12 of 14 support
13 formal 14 support
15 but 16 also
16 also 17 provided
17 provided 19 care
17 provided 20 to
17 provided 23 in
18 mutual 19 care
20 to 22 other
21 each 22 other
23 in 25 variety
24 a 25 variety
25 variety 26 of
26 of 27 ways

interview coding using grounded theory led to two overarching categories from which motivation for mutual caregiving could be understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interview
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 led
1 interview 2 coding
1 interview 3 using
1 interview 6 led
3 using 5 theory
4 grounded 5 theory
6 led 7 to
6 led 10 categories
7 to 8 two
8 two 9 overarching
10 categories 11 from
11 from 12 which
11 from 13 motivation
11 from 19 understood
13 motivation 14 for
13 motivation 17 could
14 for 16 caregiving
15 mutual 16 caregiving
17 could 18 be
18 be 19 understood
19 understood 20 .

these categories were [mutual] [care] as freedom and mutual care as imperative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 categories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 categories
2 categories 3 were
3 were 6 as
3 were 12 imperative
6 as 8 and
7 freedom 8 and
8 and 10 care
9 mutual 10 care
11 as 12 imperative

the results extend understanding about how older couples with disabilities attached meaning to their mutual caregiving , and why mutual care was sometimes preferable , despite the availability of other sources of help and [despite] practical difficulties of providing this help . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 extend
3 extend 4 understanding
3 extend 5 about
5 about 6 how
6 how 8 couples
6 how 11 attached
7 older 8 couples
8 couples 9 with
8 couples 11 attached
9 with 10 disabilities
11 attached 12 meaning
11 attached 13 to
13 to 16 caregiving
14 their 16 caregiving
15 mutual 16 caregiving
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 care
18 and 22 was
19 why 21 care
20 mutual 21 care
21 care 22 was
22 was 23 sometimes
22 was 24 preferable
24 preferable 26 despite
25 , 26 despite
26 despite 34 and
26 despite 42 .
27 the 28 availability
28 availability 29 of
28 availability 34 and
29 of 31 sources
30 other 31 sources
31 sources 32 of
32 of 33 help
34 and 37 difficulties
34 and 42 .
36 practical 37 difficulties
37 difficulties 38 of
38 of 39 providing
39 providing 41 help
40 this 41 help

these findings suggest that health care professionals need to be sensitive to the dynamics of the couple relationship and carefully explore the couple 's preferences for how formal support can best be provided in ways that honor and sustain the integrity of the couple relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 professionals
4 that 8 need
5 health 6 care
6 care 7 professionals
8 need 9 to
8 need 19 and
9 to 19 and
10 be 11 sensitive
10 be 19 and
11 sensitive 12 to
12 to 14 dynamics
13 the 14 dynamics
14 dynamics 15 of
15 of 18 relationship
16 the 18 relationship
17 couple 18 relationship
19 and 21 explore
20 carefully 21 explore
21 explore 25 preferences
21 explore 26 for
22 the 23 couple
23 couple 24 's
24 's 25 preferences
26 for 27 how
27 how 28 formal
28 formal 29 support
29 support 30 can
30 can 32 be
31 best 32 be
32 be 38 and
33 provided 34 in
33 provided 37 honor
33 provided 38 and
34 in 35 ways
36 that 37 honor
38 and 39 sustain
39 sustain 41 integrity
40 the 41 integrity
41 integrity 42 of
42 of 45 relationship
43 the 45 relationship
44 couple 45 relationship

objective : to analyze similarities among factors associated with the components of frailty [in] elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 analyze
3 to 4 analyze
4 analyze 5 similarities
4 analyze 6 among
6 among 7 factors
7 factors 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 15 elderly
9 with 11 components
10 the 11 components
11 components 12 of
12 of 13 frailty

method : we studied 1,413 elderly from the second wave of the sabe study in 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 studied
2 : 17 .
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 5 1,413
5 1,413 6 elderly
6 elderly 7 from
6 elderly 15 in
7 from 10 wave
8 the 9 second
8 the 10 wave
10 wave 11 of
11 of 14 study
12 the 14 study
13 sabe 14 study
15 in 16 2006

each of the five components of the frailty phenotype was considered a dependent variable in the hierarchical logistic regression models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 each
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 each 2 of
1 each 10 was
2 of 5 components
3 the 4 five
4 five 5 components
5 components 6 of
6 of 9 phenotype
7 the 9 phenotype
8 frailty 9 phenotype
10 was 11 considered
11 considered 14 variable
11 considered 15 in
12 a 13 dependent
12 a 14 variable
13 dependent 14 variable
15 in 20 models
16 the 20 models
17 hierarchical 19 regression
18 logistic 19 regression
19 regression 20 models

results : in both genders , age , schooling , sedentary lifestyle , and screening positive for depression were associated similarly with more than one component of frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 genders
4 both 5 genders
5 genders 7 age
5 genders 9 schooling
6 , 7 age
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 schooling
9 schooling 10 ,
10 , 14 and
10 , 20 associated
11 sedentary 12 lifestyle
12 lifestyle 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 screening
14 and 16 positive
14 and 19 were
16 positive 17 for
17 for 18 depression
19 were 20 associated
20 associated 21 similarly
21 similarly 22 with
22 with 26 component
23 more 24 than
24 than 25 one
25 one 26 component
26 component 27 of
27 of 28 frailty

other similarities were also observed with stroke [and] screening positive for cognitive decline [in] men , and number of diseases and gait speed in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 similarities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 other 2 similarities
2 similarities 3 were
3 were 5 observed
4 also 5 observed
5 observed 6 with
6 with 21 and
7 stroke 9 screening
9 screening 10 positive
9 screening 17 and
10 positive 11 for
11 for 15 men
12 cognitive 13 decline
13 decline 15 men
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 number
17 and 19 of
17 and 21 and
19 of 20 diseases
21 and 23 speed
21 and 24 in
22 gait 23 speed
24 in 25 women

the most similar associations happened between weakness and slowness ; weakness , slowness , and lpal [;] or weakness , slowness , and exhaustion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 happened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 associations
2 most 3 similar
3 similar 4 associations
4 associations 5 happened
5 happened 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 weakness 8 and
8 and 9 slowness
10 ; 23 and
11 weakness 12 ,
12 , 13 slowness
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 lpal
15 and 18 or
18 or 19 weakness
18 or 21 slowness
18 or 23 and
20 , 21 slowness
21 slowness 22 ,
23 and 24 exhaustion

discussion : encouraging physical activity , screening for [and] treating depression and treating both diseases of the central nervous system and chronic diseases must be the focus of strategies to avoid , delay , or even remedy frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 3 encouraging
3 encouraging 5 activity
3 encouraging 7 screening
4 physical 5 activity
6 , 7 screening
7 screening 8 for
7 screening 12 and
7 screening 39 .
8 for 10 treating
11 depression 12 and
12 and 13 treating
12 and 21 and
12 and 25 be
14 both 21 and
15 diseases 16 of
15 diseases 21 and
16 of 20 system
17 the 20 system
18 central 20 system
19 nervous 20 system
21 and 23 diseases
21 and 24 must
22 chronic 23 diseases
24 must 25 be
25 be 35 or
26 the 27 focus
27 focus 28 of
27 focus 35 or
28 of 29 strategies
29 strategies 30 to
29 strategies 31 avoid
29 strategies 33 delay
30 to 31 avoid
32 , 33 delay
33 delay 34 ,
34 , 35 or
35 or 36 even
35 or 38 frailty
37 remedy 38 frailty

cardiomyocyte [hypertrophy] is an adaptive response of the heart to various types of stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cardiomyocyte
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 cardiomyocyte 3 is
3 is 6 response
4 an 5 adaptive
4 an 6 response
5 adaptive 6 response
6 response 7 of
7 of 9 heart
8 the 9 heart
9 heart 10 to
10 to 14 stress
11 various 12 types
12 types 13 of
12 types 14 stress
13 of 14 stress

during the period of stress accumulation , the [transition] [from] physiological hypertrophy to pathological [hypertrophy] results in the promotion of heart failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 physiological
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 hypertrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 during 3 period
1 during 7 ,
1 during 11 physiological
2 the 3 period
3 period 4 of
4 of 6 accumulation
5 stress 6 accumulation
8 the 11 physiological
11 physiological 12 hypertrophy
12 hypertrophy 13 to
12 hypertrophy 17 in
13 to 16 results
14 pathological 16 results
17 in 19 promotion
18 the 19 promotion
19 promotion 20 of
20 of 22 failure
21 heart 22 failure

gelsolin ( gsn ) is a member of the actin - binding proteins , which regulate dynamic actin filament organization by severing and capping . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gsn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 gelsolin 3 gsn
2 ( 3 gsn
3 gsn 4 )
3 gsn 5 is
5 is 7 member
5 is 12 binding
6 a 7 member
7 member 8 of
8 of 10 actin
9 the 10 actin
11 - 12 binding
12 binding 13 proteins
12 binding 14 ,
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 regulate
15 which 16 regulate
16 regulate 23 and
17 dynamic 18 actin
18 actin 20 organization
19 filament 20 organization
20 organization 21 by
20 organization 23 and
21 by 22 severing
23 and 24 capping

moreover , gsn also regulates cell morphology , differentiation , movement , and apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gsn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 gsn
3 gsn 5 regulates
4 also 5 regulates
5 regulates 13 and
6 cell 7 morphology
7 morphology 8 ,
8 , 9 differentiation
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 movement
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 apoptosis

in this study , we used h9c2 and h9c2 - gsn stable clones in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of gsn overexpression in cardiomyocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 used
6 used 13 clones
6 used 14 in
7 h9c2 8 and
8 and 9 h9c2
9 h9c2 11 gsn
10 - 11 gsn
11 gsn 13 clones
12 stable 13 clones
14 in 16 attempt
15 an 16 attempt
16 attempt 17 to
16 attempt 18 understand
17 to 18 understand
18 understand 20 mechanisms
18 understand 24 in
19 the 20 mechanisms
20 mechanisms 21 of
21 of 23 overexpression
22 gsn 23 overexpression
24 in 25 cardiomyocytes

these data showed that the overexpression of gsn in h9c2 - induced [cardiac] [hypertrophy] and increased the pathological [hypertrophy] markers atrial natriuretic peptide brain natriuretic peptide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 6 overexpression
3 showed 9 in
5 the 6 overexpression
6 overexpression 7 of
7 of 8 gsn
9 in 10 h9c2
11 - 15 and
12 induced 15 and
15 and 16 increased
16 increased 26 peptide
17 the 26 peptide
18 pathological 20 markers
20 markers 24 brain
21 atrial 23 peptide
22 natriuretic 23 peptide
23 peptide 24 brain
24 brain 26 peptide
25 natriuretic 26 peptide

furthermore , we found that [e] - cadherin expression decreased with the overexpression of gsn in h9c2 , but β - catenin expression increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
7 - 9 expression
7 - 10 decreased
7 - 19 but
7 - 25 .
8 cadherin 9 expression
9 expression 10 decreased
10 decreased 11 with
10 decreased 16 in
11 with 13 overexpression
12 the 13 overexpression
13 overexpression 14 of
14 of 15 gsn
16 in 17 h9c2
18 , 19 but
19 but 23 expression
19 but 24 increased
20 β 21 -
20 β 22 catenin
22 catenin 23 expression
23 expression 24 increased

these data presume that the cytoskeleton is loose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 presume
3 presume 4 that
4 that 6 cytoskeleton
4 that 7 is
5 the 6 cytoskeleton
6 cytoskeleton 7 is
7 is 8 loose

further , previous studies show that the mitogen - activated protein kinase pathway can [induce] [cardiac] hypertrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 studies
3 previous 4 studies
4 studies 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 13 pathway
6 that 17 hypertrophy
7 the 13 pathway
8 mitogen 9 -
8 mitogen 11 protein
10 activated 11 protein
11 protein 13 pathway
12 kinase 13 pathway
13 pathway 14 can
14 can 17 hypertrophy

moreover , we used both the p38 [inhibitor] ( sb203580 ) and gsn sirna to confirm our conjecture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 12 and
4 used 5 both
4 used 12 and
5 both 6 the
5 both 7 p38
6 the 7 p38
7 p38 10 sb203580
9 ( 10 sb203580
10 sb203580 11 )
12 and 16 confirm
13 gsn 14 sirna
14 sirna 15 to
15 to 16 confirm
16 confirm 18 conjecture
17 our 18 conjecture

we found that both of these factors significantly suppressed gelsolin - induced cardiac [hypertrophy] through p38/gata4 signaling pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 4 both
3 that 9 suppressed
4 both 5 of
4 both 9 suppressed
5 of 7 factors
6 these 7 factors
8 significantly 9 suppressed
9 suppressed 10 gelsolin
11 - 18 pathway
11 - 19 .
12 induced 16 p38/gata4
13 cardiac 16 p38/gata4
15 through 16 p38/gata4
16 p38/gata4 18 pathway
17 signaling 18 pathway

therefore , we predict that the gene silencing of gsn and/or the downstream blocking of gsn along the p38 pathway could be applied to [ameliorate] [pathological] [cardiac] hypertrophy in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 predict
4 predict 8 silencing
4 predict 11 and/or
5 that 8 silencing
6 the 8 silencing
7 gene 8 silencing
8 silencing 9 of
9 of 10 gsn
11 and/or 14 blocking
12 the 14 blocking
13 downstream 14 blocking
14 blocking 15 of
14 blocking 21 could
15 of 16 gsn
16 gsn 17 along
17 along 20 pathway
18 the 20 pathway
19 p38 20 pathway
21 could 22 be
22 be 23 applied
23 applied 24 to
24 to 28 hypertrophy
28 hypertrophy 29 in
29 in 31 future
30 the 31 future

cornelia de lange [syndrome] ( cdls ) is the prototype for the cohesinopathy disorders that have mutations in genes associated with the cohesin subunit in all cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lange
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 cornelia 2 de
2 de 3 lange
3 lange 6 cdls
3 lange 8 is
5 ( 6 cdls
6 cdls 7 )
8 is 10 prototype
8 is 11 for
8 is 18 in
8 is 21 with
9 the 10 prototype
11 for 14 disorders
12 the 14 disorders
13 cohesinopathy 14 disorders
14 disorders 15 that
14 disorders 16 have
15 that 16 have
16 have 17 mutations
18 in 19 genes
19 genes 20 associated
21 with 23 cohesin
22 the 23 cohesin
23 cohesin 24 subunit
24 subunit 25 in
25 in 27 cells
26 all 27 cells

roberts [syndrome] is the next most common cohesinopathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 roberts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 roberts 3 is
3 is 5 next
3 is 8 cohesinopathy
4 the 5 next
6 most 7 common
7 common 8 cohesinopathy

in addition to the developmental implications of cohesin biology , there is much translational and basic research , with progress towards potential treatment for these conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
1 in 2 addition
1 in 11 there
3 to 6 implications
3 to 10 ,
3 to 11 there
4 the 6 implications
5 developmental 6 implications
6 implications 7 of
7 of 9 biology
8 cohesin 9 biology
11 there 12 is
12 is 17 research
12 is 19 with
13 much 17 research
14 translational 15 and
15 and 16 basic
15 and 17 research
18 , 19 with
19 with 20 progress
19 with 27 .
20 progress 21 towards
20 progress 24 for
21 towards 23 treatment
22 potential 23 treatment
24 for 26 conditions
25 these 26 conditions

clinically , there are many issues in cdls faced by the individual , parents and caretakers , professionals , and schools . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 clinically 2 ,
1 clinically 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 issues
5 many 6 issues
6 issues 7 in
6 issues 9 faced
6 issues 10 by
7 in 8 cdls
10 by 20 and
11 the 14 parents
12 individual 13 ,
12 individual 14 parents
14 parents 15 and
15 and 16 caretakers
15 and 18 professionals
15 and 20 and
17 , 18 professionals
18 professionals 19 ,
20 and 21 schools

the following abstracts are presentations from the 5th cornelia de lange syndrome scientific and educational symposium on june 20 - 21 , 2012 , in conjunction with the cornelia de lange syndrome foundation national meeting , lincolnshire , il . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 abstracts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
1 the 2 following
1 the 3 abstracts
3 abstracts 4 are
4 are 5 presentations
5 presentations 6 from
5 presentations 17 on
5 presentations 21 21
6 from 16 symposium
7 the 16 symposium
8 5th 9 cornelia
9 cornelia 10 de
10 de 11 lange
11 lange 12 syndrome
12 syndrome 13 scientific
13 scientific 14 and
14 and 15 educational
15 educational 16 symposium
17 on 18 june
18 june 19 20
20 - 21 21
21 21 23 2012
22 , 23 2012
23 2012 27 with
24 , 27 with
25 in 26 conjunction
26 conjunction 27 with
27 with 35 meeting
28 the 35 meeting
29 cornelia 30 de
30 de 31 lange
31 lange 32 syndrome
32 syndrome 33 foundation
33 foundation 34 national
34 national 35 meeting
35 meeting 39 il
36 , 39 il
37 lincolnshire 39 il
38 , 39 il
39 il 40 .

the research committee of the cdls foundation organizes the meeting , reviews and accepts abstracts and subsequently disseminates the information to the families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 committee
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 organizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 committee
2 research 3 committee
3 committee 4 of
3 committee 8 organizes
4 of 7 foundation
5 the 7 foundation
6 cdls 7 foundation
8 organizes 10 meeting
9 the 10 meeting
11 , 13 and
12 reviews 13 and
13 and 16 and
14 accepts 15 abstracts
14 accepts 16 and
16 and 18 disseminates
17 subsequently 18 disseminates
18 disseminates 20 information
18 disseminates 21 to
19 the 20 information
21 to 23 families
22 the 23 families

in addition to the basic science and clinical discussions , there were educationally - focused talks related to practical aspects of management at home and in school . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 in 2 addition
1 in 12 were
2 addition 3 to
3 to 5 basic
4 the 5 basic
6 science 7 and
7 and 9 discussions
7 and 10 ,
7 and 11 there
7 and 12 were
8 clinical 9 discussions
12 were 13 educationally
14 - 17 related
15 focused 16 talks
16 talks 17 related
17 related 18 to
17 related 28 .
18 to 20 aspects
19 practical 20 aspects
20 aspects 21 of
21 of 22 management
22 management 25 and
23 at 24 home
23 at 25 and
25 and 26 in
26 in 27 school

ama cme credits were provided by greater baltimore medical center , baltimore , md . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 credits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ama 2 cme
2 cme 3 credits
3 credits 4 were
4 were 5 provided
5 provided 6 by
6 by 10 center
7 greater 8 baltimore
8 baltimore 9 medical
9 medical 10 center
10 center 12 baltimore
11 , 12 baltimore
12 baltimore 13 ,
13 , 14 md

a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is the deposition of β - sheet - rich amyloid aggregates formed by proteins specific to these diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 common
1 a 3 feature
2 common 3 feature
3 feature 4 of
3 feature 8 is
4 of 7 diseases
5 many 7 diseases
6 neurodegenerative 7 diseases
8 is 10 deposition
9 the 10 deposition
10 deposition 11 of
10 deposition 19 formed
10 deposition 22 specific
11 of 18 aggregates
12 β 14 sheet
12 β 15 -
12 β 17 amyloid
13 - 14 sheet
14 sheet 15 -
16 rich 17 amyloid
17 amyloid 18 aggregates
19 formed 20 by
20 by 21 proteins
22 specific 23 to
23 to 25 diseases
24 these 25 diseases

these protein aggregates are thought to cause neuronal dysfunction [,] directly or indirectly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aggregates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 3 aggregates
2 protein 3 aggregates
3 aggregates 4 are
4 are 5 thought
5 thought 6 to
6 to 7 cause
7 cause 9 dysfunction
7 cause 12 or
8 neuronal 9 dysfunction
11 directly 12 or
12 or 13 indirectly

recent studies have strongly implicated cell [-] [to] [-] cell transmission of misfolded proteins as a common mechanism for the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 5 implicated
4 strongly 5 implicated
5 implicated 11 transmission
5 implicated 15 as
6 cell 11 transmission
10 cell 11 transmission
11 transmission 12 of
12 of 14 proteins
13 misfolded 14 proteins
15 as 18 mechanism
16 a 17 common
16 a 18 mechanism
17 common 18 mechanism
18 mechanism 19 for
18 mechanism 24 of
19 for 22 and
20 the 21 onset
21 onset 22 and
22 and 23 progression
24 of 27 disorders
25 various 27 disorders
26 neurodegenerative 27 disorders

emerging evidence also suggests the presence of conformationally diverse ['] strains ' of each type of disease protein , which may be another shared feature of amyloid aggregates , accounting for the tremendous heterogeneity within each type of neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 emerging 2 evidence
2 evidence 4 suggests
3 also 4 suggests
4 suggests 6 presence
5 the 6 presence
6 presence 7 of
6 presence 13 of
7 of 12 '
8 conformationally 9 diverse
9 diverse 11 strains
11 strains 12 '
13 of 15 type
14 each 15 type
15 type 16 of
15 type 30 accounting
16 of 18 protein
17 disease 18 protein
18 protein 20 which
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 may
20 which 29 ,
21 may 22 be
22 be 25 feature
23 another 25 feature
24 shared 25 feature
25 feature 26 of
26 of 28 aggregates
27 amyloid 28 aggregates
30 accounting 31 for
30 accounting 35 within
31 for 34 heterogeneity
32 the 34 heterogeneity
33 tremendous 34 heterogeneity
35 within 40 disease
36 each 37 type
37 type 38 of
37 type 40 disease
38 of 40 disease
39 neurodegenerative 40 disease

although there are many more questions to be answered , these studies have opened up new avenues for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 opened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 are
1 although 12 studies
2 there 3 are
3 are 6 questions
4 many 5 more
5 more 6 questions
7 to 8 be
7 to 10 ,
7 to 12 studies
8 be 9 answered
11 these 12 studies
12 studies 13 have
13 have 14 opened
14 opened 15 up
14 opened 17 avenues
14 opened 18 for
14 opened 21 in
16 new 17 avenues
18 for 20 interventions
19 therapeutic 20 interventions
21 in 23 disorders
22 neurodegenerative 23 disorders

objective : to examine the associations of combined lifestyle factors and physical conditions with cerebrovascular diseases ( cbvd ) mortality , after accounting for competing risk events , including death from cardiovascular diseases , cancers and other diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 20 mortality
4 examine 29 including
5 the 20 mortality
6 associations 7 of
6 associations 11 and
7 of 10 factors
8 combined 9 lifestyle
9 lifestyle 10 factors
11 and 13 conditions
11 and 14 with
11 and 18 cbvd
11 and 20 mortality
12 physical 13 conditions
14 with 16 diseases
15 cerebrovascular 16 diseases
17 ( 18 cbvd
18 cbvd 19 )
20 mortality 22 after
21 , 22 after
22 after 23 accounting
22 after 28 ,
23 accounting 24 for
24 for 27 events
25 competing 27 events
26 risk 27 events
28 , 29 including
29 including 30 death
29 including 31 from
29 including 39 .
31 from 36 and
32 cardiovascular 33 diseases
33 diseases 34 ,
34 , 35 cancers
34 , 36 and
36 and 38 diseases
37 other 38 diseases

methods : data on 2010 subjects aged over 55 years were finally analyzed using competing risk models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 data
3 data 4 on
3 data 7 aged
3 data 14 using
4 on 6 subjects
5 2010 6 subjects
7 aged 8 over
7 aged 13 analyzed
8 over 9 55
9 55 10 years
9 55 11 were
10 years 11 were
12 finally 13 analyzed
14 using 17 models
15 competing 17 models
16 risk 17 models

all the subjects were interviewed by the beijing longitudinal study of aging ( blsa ) , in china , between 1 january 1992 and 30 august 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 subjects
1 all 4 were
2 the 3 subjects
4 were 5 interviewed
5 interviewed 6 by
5 interviewed 20 between
5 interviewed 26 august
6 by 10 study
7 the 10 study
8 beijing 9 longitudinal
9 longitudinal 10 study
10 study 11 of
11 of 14 blsa
12 aging 14 blsa
13 ( 14 blsa
14 blsa 15 )
14 blsa 17 in
16 , 17 in
17 in 18 china
17 in 19 ,
20 between 22 january
21 1 22 january
23 1992 24 and
24 and 25 30
24 and 26 august
26 august 27 2009

results : elderly females were at a lower risk of death from cbvd than elderly males ( hr [=] 0.639 , 95 % ci = 0.457 - 0.895 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 elderly
3 elderly 4 females
3 elderly 5 were
3 elderly 18 hr
4 females 5 were
5 were 6 at
5 were 12 from
5 were 14 than
6 at 9 risk
7 a 9 risk
8 lower 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 11 death
12 from 13 cbvd
14 than 16 males
15 elderly 16 males
17 ( 18 hr
18 hr 20 0.639
18 hr 23 %
18 hr 29 )
21 , 23 %
22 95 23 %
23 % 24 ci
23 % 25 =
23 % 29 )
24 ci 25 =
25 = 27 -
26 0.457 27 -
27 - 28 0.895

increasing age [(] hr = 1.543 , 95 % ci = 1.013 - 2.349 ) , poor self - rated health ( [hr] = 1.652 , 95 % ci = 1.198 - 2.277 ) , hypertension [(] hr = 2.201 , 95 % ci = 1.524 - 3.178 ) and overweight [(] hr = 1.473 , 95 % ci = 1.013 - 2.142 [ )(or obesity ( hr [=] 1.711 , 95 % ci = 1.1754 - 2.490 [ )(was associated [with] higher cbvd mortality risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 increasing 4 hr
1 increasing 5 =
2 age 4 hr
5 = 6 1.543
7 , 10 ci
7 , 16 ,
8 95 10 ci
9 % 10 ci
10 ci 11 =
11 = 12 1.013
12 1.013 14 2.349
13 - 14 2.349
14 2.349 15 )
16 , 18 self
16 , 19 -
17 poor 18 self
19 - 21 health
19 - 26 ,
20 rated 21 health
21 health 25 1.652
22 ( 25 1.652
24 = 25 1.652
25 1.652 26 ,
26 , 29 ci
26 , 35 ,
27 95 29 ci
28 % 29 ci
29 ci 30 =
30 = 31 1.198
31 1.198 33 2.277
32 - 33 2.277
33 2.277 34 )
35 , 38 hr
35 , 41 ,
36 hypertension 38 hr
38 hr 39 =
39 = 40 2.201
41 , 44 ci
41 , 45 =
41 , 50 and
42 95 44 ci
43 % 44 ci
44 ci 45 =
45 = 46 1.524
46 1.524 48 3.178
47 - 48 3.178
48 3.178 49 )
50 and 53 hr
50 and 54 =
51 overweight 53 hr
53 hr 54 =
54 = 55 1.473
55 1.473 65 )(or
56 , 65 )(or
57 95 59 ci
58 % 59 ci
59 ci 62 -
59 ci 65 )(or
60 = 61 1.013
61 1.013 62 -
62 - 63 2.142
65 )(or 66 obesity
65 )(or 68 hr
65 )(or 71 ,
67 ( 68 hr
68 hr 70 1.711
68 hr 71 ,
71 , 81 associated
72 95 73 %
73 % 74 ci
73 % 80 )(was
73 % 81 associated
74 ci 77 -
74 ci 80 )(was
75 = 76 1.1754
76 1.1754 77 -
77 - 78 2.490
81 associated 86 risk
81 associated 87 .
83 higher 86 risk
84 cbvd 85 mortality
85 mortality 86 risk

normal cognition function [(] hr = 0.650 , 95 % ci = 0.434 - 0.973 ) and living in urban [(] hr [=] 0.456 , 95 % ci = 0.286 - 0.727 ) was associated with lower cbvd mortality risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 normal 5 hr
2 cognition 3 function
3 function 5 hr
5 hr 6 =
6 = 7 0.650
8 , 11 ci
8 , 12 =
8 , 17 and
9 95 11 ci
10 % 11 ci
11 ci 12 =
12 = 13 0.434
13 0.434 15 0.973
14 - 15 0.973
15 0.973 16 )
17 and 18 living
17 and 35 associated
18 living 19 in
18 living 34 was
19 in 22 hr
20 urban 22 hr
22 hr 24 0.456
22 hr 28 ci
25 , 28 ci
26 95 28 ci
27 % 28 ci
28 ci 31 -
28 ci 33 )
29 = 30 0.286
30 0.286 31 -
31 - 32 0.727
34 was 35 associated
35 associated 36 with
36 with 40 risk
37 lower 40 risk
38 cbvd 40 risk
39 mortality 40 risk

conclusions : cbvd mortality was associated with gender , age , blood pressure , residence , bmi , cognitive function , nutrition and the result [of] self - rated health assessment in the elderly in beijing , china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cbvd
2 : 6 associated
2 : 14 ,
3 cbvd 4 mortality
3 cbvd 5 was
3 cbvd 6 associated
4 mortality 5 was
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 gender
8 gender 10 age
9 , 10 age
10 age 13 pressure
10 age 14 ,
11 , 13 pressure
12 blood 13 pressure
13 pressure 14 ,
14 , 15 residence
14 , 29 rated
15 residence 23 and
15 residence 29 rated
16 , 23 and
17 bmi 18 ,
18 , 20 function
18 , 21 ,
19 cognitive 20 function
21 , 22 nutrition
21 , 23 and
23 and 27 self
23 and 28 -
24 the 27 self
25 result 27 self
29 rated 31 assessment
29 rated 32 in
29 rated 35 in
30 health 31 assessment
32 in 34 elderly
33 the 34 elderly
35 in 36 beijing
36 beijing 38 china
37 , 38 china
38 china 39 .

background : some premature features of immunosenescence have been associated with persistent viral infections and altered populations of t cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 5 features
3 some 5 features
4 premature 5 features
5 features 6 of
6 of 7 immunosenescence
7 immunosenescence 15 and
8 have 9 been
8 have 15 and
9 been 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 14 infections
12 persistent 14 infections
13 viral 14 infections
15 and 16 altered
15 and 20 cells
16 altered 17 populations
17 populations 18 of
18 of 19 t

in particular , the inverted [t] cd4:cd8 ratio has been correlated with increased morbidity and mortality across different age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 8 ratio
4 the 8 ratio
5 inverted 8 ratio
7 cd4:cd8 8 ratio
8 ratio 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 with
11 correlated 17 across
12 with 15 and
13 increased 14 morbidity
14 morbidity 15 and
15 and 16 mortality
17 across 20 groups
18 different 19 age
19 age 20 groups

objective : here , we investigated the role of persistent viral infections , cognitive and functional states as predictors of inverted cd4:cd8 [ratio] of older adults in a developing country . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 here
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 investigated
4 , 13 ,
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 role
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 12 infections
10 persistent 12 infections
11 viral 12 infections
13 , 15 and
14 cognitive 15 and
15 and 17 states
15 and 18 as
16 functional 17 states
18 as 19 predictors
19 predictors 20 of
20 of 22 cd4:cd8
21 inverted 22 cd4:cd8
22 cd4:cd8 24 of
24 of 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 in
27 in 30 country
28 a 30 country
29 developing 30 country

methods : three hundred and sixty [community] - dwelling older adults ( aged 60 - 103 years ) were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 sixty
3 three 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 sixty
8 - 11 adults
8 - 20 recruited
8 - 21 .
9 dwelling 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 13 aged
11 adults 17 years
11 adults 19 were
12 ( 13 aged
13 aged 14 60
13 aged 15 -
15 - 17 years
16 103 17 years
17 years 18 )
19 were 20 recruited

cognitive [function] was evaluated by the instrument of brief neuropsychological assessment and mini - mental state examination inventory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 by
5 by 7 instrument
6 the 7 instrument
7 instrument 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 brief 10 neuropsychological
10 neuropsychological 11 assessment
11 assessment 12 and
12 and 13 mini
14 - 18 inventory
15 mental 16 state
16 state 17 examination
17 examination 18 inventory

functional activities questionnaire was used to determine activities of daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 functional 2 activities
2 activities 3 questionnaire
3 questionnaire 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 activities
8 activities 9 of
9 of 11 living
10 daily 11 living

cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) and epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) serologies were determined by elisas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 serologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 cytomegalovirus 3 cmv
1 cytomegalovirus 5 and
2 ( 3 cmv
3 cmv 4 )
5 and 6 epstein
5 and 13 serologies
6 epstein 9 virus
7 - 9 virus
8 barr 9 virus
9 virus 11 ebv
9 virus 12 )
10 ( 11 ebv
11 ebv 12 )
13 serologies 14 were
14 were 15 determined
15 determined 16 by
16 by 17 elisas

peripheral blood was assessed for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry ( cd4+ , cd8+ , nk , nkt , [b] and cd8+cd28 - ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 peripheral 2 blood
2 blood 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 for
5 for 7 subsets
6 lymphocyte 7 subsets
7 subsets 8 by
8 by 10 cytometry
9 flow 10 cytometry
10 cytometry 21 and
11 ( 21 and
12 cd4+ 13 ,
12 cd4+ 14 cd8+
14 cd8+ 15 ,
15 , 16 nk
15 , 17 ,
17 , 18 nkt
17 , 21 and
19 , 21 and
21 and 22 cd8+cd28
21 and 23 -
21 and 24 )

results : fifty - nine individuals were identified with cd4:cd8 ratio [<] 1 , and had increased igg titers to cmv ( p < 0.01 ) , but not to ebv , compared to subjects with cd4:cd8 ratio >1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 fifty
4 - 6 individuals
4 - 15 and
5 nine 6 individuals
6 individuals 15 and
7 were 8 identified
7 were 15 and
8 identified 9 with
9 with 11 ratio
10 cd4:cd8 11 ratio
11 ratio 13 1
14 , 15 and
15 and 32 ,
15 and 34 to
15 and 36 with
16 had 17 increased
16 had 32 ,
17 increased 19 titers
18 igg 19 titers
19 titers 28 but
20 to 21 cmv
20 to 28 but
21 cmv 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.01
24 < 26 )
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 not
28 but 30 to
30 to 31 ebv
32 , 33 compared
34 to 35 subjects
36 with 37 cd4:cd8
36 with 39 >1
38 ratio 39 >1

the older adults with inverted cd4:cd8 [ratio] had impairments in some cognitive dimensions and had more functional disability and dependency ( p = 0.01 ) than subjects with cd4:cd8 ratio >1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 adults
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 with
3 adults 8 had
4 with 6 cd4:cd8
5 inverted 6 cd4:cd8
8 had 14 and
9 impairments 10 in
9 impairments 14 and
10 in 13 dimensions
11 some 13 dimensions
12 cognitive 13 dimensions
14 and 15 had
15 had 19 and
15 had 26 than
15 had 28 with
16 more 17 functional
17 functional 18 disability
18 disability 19 and
19 and 20 dependency
19 and 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.01
23 = 25 )
26 than 27 subjects
28 with 31 >1
29 cd4:cd8 31 >1
30 ratio 31 >1

the lymphocyte subsets did not vary between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subsets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 subsets
2 lymphocyte 3 subsets
3 subsets 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 vary
6 vary 7 between
7 between 8 groups

[the] increased [cmv] - igg titers alone contributed to 8× higher chance to invert cd4:cd8 t cell ratio [(] or 8.12 , 95 % ci 1.74 - 37.88 , p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 titers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 invert
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 increased 4 -
2 increased 6 titers
5 igg 6 titers
6 titers 8 contributed
6 titers 9 to
6 titers 13 to
6 titers 14 invert
7 alone 8 contributed
9 to 10 8×
10 8× 12 chance
10 8× 13 to
11 higher 12 chance
14 invert 20 or
15 cd4:cd8 16 t
15 cd4:cd8 17 cell
17 cell 20 or
18 ratio 20 or
20 or 21 8.12
20 or 25 ci
22 , 25 ci
23 95 25 ci
24 % 25 ci
25 ci 31 <
25 ci 33 )
26 1.74 27 -
27 - 28 37.88
27 - 31 <
29 , 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.01

conclusion : our data further indicate the role of cmv on circulating [t] cells , poor cognition and functional disability/dependency during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 6 indicate
3 our 4 data
4 data 6 indicate
5 further 6 indicate
6 indicate 8 role
6 indicate 11 on
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 cmv
11 on 12 circulating
12 circulating 18 and
12 circulating 21 during
14 cells 15 ,
15 , 17 cognition
15 , 18 and
16 poor 17 cognition
18 and 20 disability/dependency
19 functional 20 disability/dependency
21 during 22 aging

this study investigated the effect of 7,8 - dihydroxyflavone ( dhf ) on the expression and activity of heme oxygenase - 1 ( ho - 1 ) , an enzyme with potent antioxidant properties , as well as the molecular mechanisms involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 effect
3 investigated 13 on
3 investigated 38 as
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 7,8
7 7,8 9 dihydroxyflavone
8 - 9 dihydroxyflavone
9 dihydroxyflavone 11 dhf
9 dihydroxyflavone 12 )
10 ( 11 dhf
11 dhf 12 )
13 on 16 and
14 the 15 expression
15 expression 16 and
16 and 17 activity
16 and 18 of
16 and 22 1
16 and 30 enzyme
18 of 20 oxygenase
19 heme 20 oxygenase
21 - 22 1
22 1 24 ho
22 1 28 ,
23 ( 24 ho
24 ho 26 1
24 ho 27 )
25 - 26 1
26 1 27 )
28 , 30 enzyme
29 an 30 enzyme
30 enzyme 31 with
30 enzyme 35 ,
31 with 34 properties
32 potent 33 antioxidant
33 antioxidant 34 properties
36 as 37 well
37 well 38 as
38 as 41 mechanisms
39 the 41 mechanisms
40 molecular 41 mechanisms
41 mechanisms 42 involved

dhf markedly upregulated ho - 1 mrna and protein expression in human keratinocytes ( hacat cells ) , resulting in increased ho - 1 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dhf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 upregulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 dhf 3 upregulated
2 markedly 3 upregulated
3 upregulated 4 ho
4 ho 8 and
5 - 8 and
6 1 7 mrna
7 mrna 8 and
8 and 10 expression
8 and 11 in
8 and 23 -
9 protein 10 expression
11 in 13 keratinocytes
12 human 13 keratinocytes
13 keratinocytes 16 cells
13 keratinocytes 19 resulting
14 ( 16 cells
15 hacat 16 cells
16 cells 17 )
18 , 19 resulting
19 resulting 20 in
19 resulting 23 -
20 in 22 ho
21 increased 22 ho
23 - 25 activity
24 1 25 activity

dhf also increased the protein level of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid [2] - related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) , which regulates ho - 1 expression by binding to the antioxidant response element ( are ) within the ho - 1 gene promoter , in a time - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dhf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 dhf 3 increased
2 also 3 increased
3 increased 6 level
4 the 6 level
5 protein 6 level
6 level 7 of
6 level 19 nrf2
7 of 16 factor
8 transcription 11 factor
9 factor 11 factor
10 nuclear 11 factor
11 factor 16 factor
12 erythroid 14 -
12 erythroid 16 factor
15 related 16 factor
16 factor 17 2
18 ( 19 nrf2
19 nrf2 20 )
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 regulates
21 , 25 -
22 which 23 regulates
23 regulates 24 ho
25 - 27 expression
26 1 27 expression
27 expression 28 by
27 expression 38 within
28 by 29 binding
29 binding 30 to
30 to 34 element
31 the 34 element
32 antioxidant 33 response
33 response 34 element
34 element 36 are
35 ( 36 are
36 are 37 )
38 within 51 manner
39 the 51 manner
40 ho 44 promoter
40 ho 46 in
40 ho 51 manner
41 - 44 promoter
42 1 44 promoter
43 gene 44 promoter
44 promoter 45 ,
45 , 46 in
46 in 48 time
46 in 49 -
47 a 48 time
50 dependent 51 manner

moreover , dhf decreased the expression of kelch - like ech - associated protein 1 , a repressor of nrf2 activity , and induced the translocation of nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus , thereby allowing its association with the are site . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dhf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 dhf
3 dhf 23 and
4 decreased 6 expression
4 decreased 10 like
4 decreased 23 and
5 the 6 expression
6 expression 7 of
7 of 8 kelch
9 - 10 like
10 like 11 ech
10 like 22 ,
11 ech 14 protein
12 - 14 protein
13 associated 14 protein
14 protein 15 1
14 protein 18 repressor
14 protein 22 ,
16 , 18 repressor
17 a 18 repressor
18 repressor 19 of
18 repressor 22 ,
19 of 21 activity
20 nrf2 21 activity
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 induced
23 and 37 allowing
24 induced 26 translocation
24 induced 29 from
25 the 26 translocation
26 translocation 27 of
27 of 28 nrf2
29 from 31 cytosol
30 the 31 cytosol
31 cytosol 32 into
32 into 34 nucleus
33 the 34 nucleus
35 , 37 allowing
36 thereby 37 allowing
37 allowing 39 association
37 allowing 40 with
37 allowing 44 .
38 its 39 association
40 with 43 site
41 the 43 site
42 are 43 site

dhf activated extracellular - regulated kinase [(] erk [ )(and protein kinase b ( pkb , akt ) in keratinocytes , while the erk and akt inhibitors attenuated dhf - enhanced nrf2 and ho - 1 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dhf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activated
1 dhf 2 activated
2 activated 12 kinase
2 activated 19 in
2 activated 22 while
3 extracellular 4 -
3 extracellular 6 kinase
5 regulated 6 kinase
6 kinase 8 erk
8 erk 10 )(and
10 )(and 11 protein
10 )(and 12 kinase
12 kinase 13 b
12 kinase 15 pkb
12 kinase 17 akt
14 ( 15 pkb
15 pkb 16 ,
16 , 17 akt
17 akt 18 )
19 in 20 keratinocytes
21 , 22 while
22 while 25 and
22 while 28 attenuated
22 while 38 .
23 the 24 erk
24 erk 25 and
25 and 27 inhibitors
25 and 28 attenuated
26 akt 27 inhibitors
28 attenuated 29 dhf
29 dhf 33 and
30 - 33 and
31 enhanced 32 nrf2
32 nrf2 33 and
33 and 34 ho
33 and 37 expression
33 and 38 .
35 - 37 expression
36 1 37 expression
37 expression 38 .

dhf also protected the keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide - and ultraviolet [b] - induced oxidative damage , while ho - 1 , erk and akt inhibitors markedly suppressed dhf - mediated cytoprotection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dhf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 dhf 3 protected
2 also 3 protected
3 protected 5 keratinocytes
3 protected 6 against
4 the 5 keratinocytes
6 against 10 and
7 hydrogen 8 peroxide
8 peroxide 10 and
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 ultraviolet
10 and 16 damage
13 - 16 damage
14 induced 16 damage
15 oxidative 16 damage
16 damage 17 ,
17 , 26 inhibitors
17 , 28 suppressed
17 , 30 -
18 while 19 ho
18 while 26 inhibitors
19 ho 21 1
20 - 21 1
21 1 22 ,
23 erk 24 and
24 and 25 akt
25 akt 26 inhibitors
26 inhibitors 28 suppressed
27 markedly 28 suppressed
28 suppressed 29 dhf
30 - 32 cytoprotection
31 mediated 32 cytoprotection

taken together , the results suggested that dhf activates erk - and akt - nrf2 signaling cascades in hacat cells , leading to the upregulation of ho - 1 and cytoprotection against oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 results
4 the 5 results
5 results 6 suggested
6 suggested 7 that
7 that 8 dhf
7 that 9 activates
8 dhf 9 activates
9 activates 30 and
9 activates 32 against
10 erk 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 13 akt
12 and 30 and
13 akt 15 nrf2
13 akt 22 leading
14 - 15 nrf2
15 nrf2 16 signaling
15 nrf2 21 ,
16 signaling 17 cascades
17 cascades 18 in
18 in 20 cells
19 hacat 20 cells
22 leading 23 to
22 leading 29 1
23 to 25 upregulation
24 the 25 upregulation
25 upregulation 26 of
26 of 27 ho
28 - 29 1
30 and 31 cytoprotection
32 against 34 stress
33 oxidative 34 stress

background and aim : dilated perivascular spaces ( dpvs ) have previously been associated with aging and hypertension - related cerebral microangiopathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aim
4 : 7 spaces
4 : 14 associated
4 : 20 related
5 dilated 7 spaces
6 perivascular 7 spaces
7 spaces 9 dpvs
7 spaces 11 have
8 ( 9 dpvs
9 dpvs 10 )
11 have 13 been
12 previously 13 been
13 been 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 and
16 aging 17 and
17 and 18 hypertension
19 - 20 related
20 related 22 microangiopathy
20 related 23 .
21 cerebral 22 microangiopathy

however , their risk factors , radiological features and clinical relevance have been poorly evaluated in cadasil ( cerebral autosomal - dominant arteriopathy with subcortical [infarcts] and leukoencephalopathy ) , a unique model to investigate the pathophysiology of ischemic small - vessel disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 risk
3 their 4 risk
4 risk 9 and
4 risk 13 been
4 risk 15 evaluated
5 factors 6 ,
6 , 8 features
6 , 9 and
7 radiological 8 features
9 and 11 relevance
9 and 12 have
10 clinical 11 relevance
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 poorly
15 evaluated 16 in
15 evaluated 33 model
15 evaluated 34 to
16 in 17 cadasil
17 cadasil 23 arteriopathy
18 ( 23 arteriopathy
19 cerebral 23 arteriopathy
20 autosomal 21 -
20 autosomal 23 arteriopathy
22 dominant 23 arteriopathy
23 arteriopathy 24 with
23 arteriopathy 30 ,
24 with 27 and
25 subcortical 27 and
27 and 28 leukoencephalopathy
27 and 29 )
31 a 33 model
32 unique 33 model
34 to 35 investigate
35 investigate 37 pathophysiology
36 the 37 pathophysiology
37 pathophysiology 38 of
38 of 43 disease
39 ischemic 42 vessel
40 small 41 -
40 small 42 vessel
42 vessel 43 disease

the purpose of this study was to investigate these different aspects in a large cohort of patients with this disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 11 aspects
8 investigate 12 in
8 investigate 18 with
9 these 11 aspects
10 different 11 aspects
12 in 15 cohort
13 a 14 large
13 a 15 cohort
14 large 15 cohort
15 cohort 16 of
16 of 17 patients
18 with 20 disorder
19 this 20 disorder

methods : demographic and mri data of 344 patients from a prospective cohort study were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 15 were
3 demographic 4 and
4 and 5 mri
4 and 6 data
4 and 14 study
4 and 15 were
6 data 7 of
6 data 14 study
7 of 9 patients
8 344 9 patients
9 patients 10 from
10 from 13 cohort
11 a 12 prospective
11 a 13 cohort
12 prospective 13 cohort
15 were 16 analyzed

the severity of dpvs was evaluated separately in the anterior temporal lobes , subinsular areas , basal ganglia and white matter , using validated semiquantitative scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 severity
2 severity 3 of
2 severity 5 was
3 of 4 dpvs
5 was 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 7 separately
6 evaluated 8 in
6 evaluated 23 using
8 in 12 lobes
9 the 12 lobes
10 anterior 12 lobes
11 temporal 12 lobes
12 lobes 15 areas
13 , 15 areas
14 subinsular 15 areas
15 areas 21 matter
15 areas 22 ,
16 , 21 matter
17 basal 21 matter
18 ganglia 19 and
19 and 20 white
19 and 21 matter
21 matter 22 ,
23 using 26 scales
24 validated 26 scales
25 semiquantitative 26 scales

results : the severity of dpvs was found to increase with age regardless of cerebral area ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 severity
2 : 8 found
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 severity
4 severity 5 of
4 severity 7 was
5 of 6 dpvs
7 was 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 increase
10 increase 11 with
10 increase 14 of
11 with 12 age
13 regardless 14 of
14 of 16 area
15 cerebral 16 area
16 area 18 p<0.001
17 ( 18 p<0.001
18 p<0.001 19 )

in contrast with dpvs in other locations , the severity of dpvs in the temporal lobes or subinsular areas was also found strongly and specifically related to the extent of wmh ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 10 severity
3 with 4 dpvs
3 with 8 ,
3 with 10 severity
4 dpvs 5 in
5 in 7 locations
6 other 7 locations
9 the 10 severity
10 severity 11 of
10 severity 24 and
11 of 19 areas
12 dpvs 13 in
12 dpvs 17 or
13 in 16 lobes
14 the 16 lobes
15 temporal 16 lobes
17 or 18 subinsular
17 or 19 areas
20 was 22 found
20 was 24 and
21 also 22 found
22 found 23 strongly
24 and 26 related
24 and 27 to
25 specifically 26 related
27 to 29 extent
28 the 29 extent
29 extent 30 of
30 of 31 wmh
31 wmh 33 p<0.001
32 ( 33 p<0.001
33 p<0.001 34 )

conversely , no significant association was detected with lacunar volume , number of microbleeds or bpf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 5 association
3 no 5 association
4 significant 5 association
5 association 6 was
6 was 7 detected
7 detected 8 with
8 with 15 or
9 lacunar 10 volume
10 volume 11 ,
11 , 12 number
11 , 15 or
12 number 13 of
13 of 14 microbleeds
15 or 16 bpf

a high degree of dpvs in the white matter was associated with lower cognitive performances independently of age and other mri markers of the disease including bpf ( p≤0.04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 high
1 a 3 degree
2 high 3 degree
3 degree 4 of
3 degree 5 dpvs
4 of 5 dpvs
5 dpvs 6 in
5 dpvs 11 associated
5 dpvs 19 and
6 in 8 white
7 the 8 white
8 white 9 matter
8 white 10 was
9 matter 10 was
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 independently
12 with 15 performances
13 lower 15 performances
14 cognitive 15 performances
16 independently 17 of
17 of 18 age
19 and 22 markers
19 and 23 of
20 other 22 markers
21 mri 22 markers
23 of 25 disease
24 the 25 disease
25 disease 26 including
25 disease 29 p≤0.04
26 including 27 bpf
28 ( 29 p≤0.04
29 p≤0.04 30 )

conclusions : in cadasil , the progression of the hereditary microangiopathy with aging may promote the dilation of perivascular spaces throughout the whole brain but with variable extent according [to] cerebral [location] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 cadasil
5 , 7 progression
5 , 15 promote
6 the 7 progression
7 progression 8 of
7 progression 14 may
8 of 11 microangiopathy
9 the 11 microangiopathy
10 hereditary 11 microangiopathy
11 microangiopathy 12 with
12 with 13 aging
14 may 15 promote
15 promote 17 dilation
15 promote 21 throughout
15 promote 25 but
16 the 17 dilation
17 dilation 18 of
18 of 20 spaces
19 perivascular 20 spaces
21 throughout 24 brain
22 the 24 brain
23 whole 24 brain
25 but 26 with
26 with 29 according
26 with 31 cerebral
27 variable 29 according
28 extent 29 according

hazardous organic wastes from industrial , military , and commercial activities represent one of the greatest challenges to human beings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wastes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 hazardous 3 wastes
2 organic 3 wastes
3 wastes 4 from
3 wastes 12 represent
4 from 11 activities
5 industrial 6 ,
6 , 7 military
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 commercial
9 and 11 activities
12 represent 13 one
12 represent 18 to
13 one 14 of
14 of 17 challenges
15 the 16 greatest
15 the 17 challenges
18 to 20 beings
19 human 20 beings

advanced oxidation processes ( aops ) are alternatives to the degradation of those organic wastes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 advanced 2 oxidation
2 oxidation 3 processes
3 processes 5 aops
3 processes 7 are
4 ( 5 aops
5 aops 6 )
7 are 8 alternatives
8 alternatives 9 to
9 to 11 degradation
10 the 11 degradation
11 degradation 12 of
12 of 15 wastes
13 those 15 wastes
14 organic 15 wastes

however , the knowledge about the exact mechanisms of aops is still incomplete . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 knowledge
3 the 4 knowledge
4 knowledge 5 about
4 knowledge 11 is
5 about 8 mechanisms
6 the 8 mechanisms
7 exact 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 of
9 of 10 aops
11 is 12 still
11 is 13 incomplete
12 still 13 incomplete

here we report a phenomenon in the aops : induced effects , which is a common property of combustion reaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 5 phenomenon
3 report 10 induced
4 a 5 phenomenon
5 phenomenon 6 in
5 phenomenon 9 :
6 in 8 aops
7 the 8 aops
9 : 10 induced
10 induced 11 effects
10 induced 12 ,
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 is
13 which 14 is
14 is 17 property
15 a 16 common
15 a 17 property
16 common 17 property
17 property 18 of
18 of 20 reaction
19 combustion 20 reaction

through analysis edta oxidation processes by fenton and uv - fenton system , the results indicate that , just like combustion , aops are typical induction reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 through 2 analysis
2 analysis 5 processes
3 edta 5 processes
4 oxidation 5 processes
5 processes 6 by
5 processes 8 and
6 by 7 fenton
8 and 9 uv
10 - 12 system
10 - 13 ,
10 - 28 .
11 fenton 12 system
13 , 15 results
13 , 16 indicate
14 the 15 results
15 results 16 indicate
16 indicate 17 that
17 that 23 aops
17 that 24 are
18 , 19 just
18 , 20 like
20 like 21 combustion
20 like 22 ,
20 like 23 aops
23 aops 24 are
24 are 27 reactions
25 typical 26 induction
26 induction 27 reactions

one [most] compelling example is that pre - feeding easily oxidizable organic matter can promote the oxidation of refractory organic compound when it was treated by aops . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 example
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 one 4 example
3 compelling 4 example
4 example 5 is
5 is 7 pre
6 that 7 pre
8 - 9 feeding
8 - 15 promote
8 - 28 .
9 feeding 10 easily
9 feeding 13 matter
9 feeding 14 can
11 oxidizable 13 matter
12 organic 13 matter
14 can 15 promote
15 promote 17 oxidation
15 promote 22 when
16 the 17 oxidation
17 oxidation 18 of
18 of 21 compound
19 refractory 21 compound
20 organic 21 compound
22 when 23 it
22 when 25 treated
23 it 24 was
24 was 25 treated
25 treated 26 by
26 by 27 aops

connecting aops to combustion , it is possible to achieve some helpful enlightenment from combustion to analyze , [predict] and understand aops . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 connecting 2 aops
1 connecting 3 to
1 connecting 5 ,
1 connecting 6 it
3 to 4 combustion
6 it 7 is
7 is 8 possible
8 possible 9 to
8 possible 20 and
9 to 20 and
10 achieve 13 enlightenment
10 achieve 20 and
11 some 13 enlightenment
12 helpful 13 enlightenment
13 enlightenment 14 from
14 from 15 combustion
15 combustion 16 to
15 combustion 17 analyze
16 to 17 analyze
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 understand
21 understand 22 aops

in addition , we assume that [maybe] other oxidation reactions also have induced effects , such as corrosion , aging and passivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assume
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 assume
5 assume 6 that
6 that 10 reactions
6 that 13 induced
8 other 10 reactions
9 oxidation 10 reactions
10 reactions 12 have
11 also 12 have
12 have 13 induced
13 induced 14 effects
14 effects 17 as
14 effects 21 and
15 , 17 as
16 such 17 as
17 as 18 corrosion
17 as 19 ,
19 , 21 and
20 aging 21 and
21 and 22 passivation
21 and 23 .

muchmore research is necessary to reveal the possibilities of induced effects in those fields . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muchmore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 muchmore 2 research
1 muchmore 9 of
1 muchmore 10 induced
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 necessary
4 necessary 5 to
4 necessary 6 reveal
5 to 6 reveal
6 reveal 8 possibilities
7 the 8 possibilities
8 possibilities 9 of
10 induced 11 effects
10 induced 12 in
12 in 14 fields
13 those 14 fields

histopathological studies in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) suggest severe and region - specific neurodegeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system ( bfcs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 histopathological 2 studies
2 studies 3 in
2 studies 10 suggest
3 in 6 disease
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 6 disease
6 disease 8 ad
7 ( 8 ad
8 ad 9 )
10 suggest 12 and
11 severe 12 and
12 and 13 region
12 and 16 neurodegeneration
14 - 16 neurodegeneration
15 specific 16 neurodegeneration
16 neurodegeneration 17 of
16 neurodegeneration 25 )
17 of 22 system
18 the 22 system
19 basal 20 forebrain
20 forebrain 22 system
21 cholinergic 22 system
22 system 24 bfcs
23 ( 24 bfcs
24 bfcs 25 )

the ad group showed significant volume reductions of all subregions of the bfcs , which were most pronounced in the posterior nucleus basalis meynert ( nbm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 group
2 ad 3 group
3 group 4 showed
4 showed 6 volume
4 showed 7 reductions
5 significant 6 volume
7 reductions 8 of
7 reductions 15 which
8 of 10 subregions
9 all 10 subregions
10 subregions 11 of
11 of 13 bfcs
12 the 13 bfcs
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 were
15 which 27 )
16 were 17 most
17 most 18 pronounced
18 pronounced 19 in
19 in 24 meynert
20 the 23 basalis
21 posterior 23 basalis
22 nucleus 23 basalis
23 basalis 24 meynert
24 meynert 26 nbm
25 ( 26 nbm
26 nbm 27 )

the mild cognitive impairment - ad [group] showed pronounced volume reductions in the posterior nbm , but preserved volumes of anterior - medial regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 impairment
2 mild 4 impairment
3 cognitive 4 impairment
5 - 6 ad
5 - 17 but
6 ad 17 but
8 showed 11 reductions
8 showed 15 nbm
8 showed 17 but
9 pronounced 10 volume
10 volume 11 reductions
11 reductions 12 in
12 in 14 posterior
13 the 14 posterior
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 preserved
18 preserved 24 regions
19 volumes 20 of
19 volumes 24 regions
20 of 24 regions
21 anterior 22 -
21 anterior 24 regions
23 medial 24 regions

diagnostic accuracy of posterior nbm volume was superior to hippocampus volume in both groups , despite higher multicenter variability of the bfcs measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 diagnostic 2 accuracy
2 accuracy 3 of
2 accuracy 7 was
3 of 6 volume
4 posterior 6 volume
5 nbm 6 volume
7 was 8 superior
8 superior 9 to
8 superior 12 in
8 superior 16 despite
9 to 11 volume
10 hippocampus 11 volume
12 in 14 groups
13 both 14 groups
15 , 16 despite
16 despite 19 variability
16 despite 24 .
17 higher 18 multicenter
18 multicenter 19 variability
19 variability 20 of
20 of 23 measurements
21 the 23 measurements
22 bfcs 23 measurements

the data of our study suggest that bfcs morphometry may provide an emerging biomarker in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 of
2 data 6 suggest
3 of 5 study
4 our 5 study
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 9 morphometry
7 that 11 provide
8 bfcs 9 morphometry
9 morphometry 10 may
10 may 11 provide
11 provide 14 biomarker
12 an 14 biomarker
13 emerging 14 biomarker
14 biomarker 15 in
15 in 16 ad

amyloid - β [peptide] ( aβ ) , the cerebral accumulation of which is thought to cause alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , is produced throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 amyloid 2 -
1 amyloid 3 β
3 β 6 aβ
3 β 11 accumulation
3 β 25 is
5 ( 6 aβ
6 aβ 7 )
8 , 11 accumulation
9 the 11 accumulation
10 cerebral 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
11 accumulation 24 ,
12 of 13 which
12 of 14 is
13 which 14 is
14 is 15 thought
14 is 16 to
16 to 17 cause
17 cause 20 disease
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
20 disease 22 ad
21 ( 22 ad
22 ad 23 )
25 is 26 produced
26 produced 27 throughout
27 throughout 28 life

the level of insoluble aβ rises with age and is further increased in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 9 and
3 of 5 aβ
4 insoluble 5 aβ
6 rises 7 with
6 rises 9 and
7 with 8 age
9 and 10 is
10 is 12 increased
11 further 12 increased
12 increased 13 in
13 in 14 ad

in contrast , we showed previously that [in] mid - frontal cortex in a cohort without neurological disease , soluble aβ declined progressively between 16 and 95 [y] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 showed
5 showed 6 previously
5 showed 12 cortex
5 showed 13 in
5 showed 16 without
7 that 12 cortex
9 mid 10 -
9 mid 12 cortex
11 frontal 12 cortex
13 in 15 cohort
14 a 15 cohort
16 without 18 disease
17 neurological 18 disease
19 , 21 aβ
19 , 22 declined
20 soluble 21 aβ
21 aβ 22 declined
22 declined 23 progressively
22 declined 24 between
24 between 26 and
25 16 26 and
26 and 27 95

we speculated that the divergent changes in the levels of soluble and insoluble aβ with age might reflect an increasing tendency to favor the production or retention within the brain of aβ42 over aβ40 , leading to elevation of aβ ( 42:40 ) even as total soluble aβ decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 favor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 2 speculated
2 speculated 3 that
3 that 6 changes
3 that 18 reflect
4 the 6 changes
5 divergent 6 changes
6 changes 7 in
6 changes 17 might
7 in 9 levels
8 the 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 14 aβ
11 soluble 12 and
12 and 13 insoluble
12 and 14 aβ
14 aβ 15 with
15 with 16 age
17 might 18 reflect
18 reflect 21 tendency
18 reflect 22 to
19 an 21 tendency
20 increasing 21 tendency
22 to 23 favor
23 favor 26 or
24 the 25 production
25 production 26 or
26 or 27 retention
26 or 31 of
27 retention 28 within
28 within 30 brain
29 the 30 brain
31 of 32 aβ42
32 aβ42 33 over
32 aβ42 44 even
33 over 34 aβ40
34 aβ40 36 leading
35 , 36 leading
36 leading 37 to
36 leading 43 )
37 to 38 elevation
38 elevation 39 of
39 of 40 aβ
40 aβ 42 42:40
41 ( 42 42:40
42 42:40 43 )
44 even 45 as
45 as 48 aβ
46 total 48 aβ
47 soluble 48 aβ
48 aβ 49 decreased

we have now measured aβ40 and aβ42 in soluble and insoluble ( guanidine - extractable ) fractions of human postmortem brain tissue from the same cohort studied previously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 measured
3 now 4 measured
4 measured 7 aβ42
4 measured 8 in
4 measured 28 previously
5 aβ40 6 and
6 and 7 aβ42
8 in 10 and
9 soluble 10 and
10 and 17 fractions
10 and 18 of
11 insoluble 13 guanidine
11 insoluble 14 -
11 insoluble 17 fractions
12 ( 13 guanidine
13 guanidine 14 -
15 extractable 16 )
15 extractable 17 fractions
18 of 22 tissue
19 human 20 postmortem
20 postmortem 22 tissue
21 brain 22 tissue
22 tissue 23 from
23 from 26 cohort
24 the 25 same
25 same 26 cohort
26 cohort 27 studied

insoluble aβ42 increased progressively with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aβ42
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 insoluble 2 aβ42
2 aβ42 3 increased
3 increased 4 progressively
3 increased 5 with
5 with 6 age

differential production or retention of aβ40 and aβ42 in the over [-] 50 [s] is likely to contribute to the influence of age on the risk of sporadic ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 differential 2 production
2 production 3 or
3 or 4 retention
3 or 5 of
5 of 6 aβ40
7 and 8 aβ42
7 and 15 is
8 aβ42 9 in
8 aβ42 15 is
9 in 13 50
10 the 13 50
11 over 13 50
15 is 16 likely
16 likely 17 to
16 likely 18 contribute
17 to 18 contribute
18 contribute 19 to
18 contribute 24 on
19 to 21 influence
20 the 21 influence
21 influence 22 of
22 of 23 age
24 on 26 risk
25 the 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 29 ad
28 sporadic 29 ad

no disease - modifying therapies are currently available for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 36 million people worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 no
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 no 2 disease
3 - 5 therapies
3 - 6 are
4 modifying 5 therapies
5 therapies 6 are
6 are 7 currently
6 are 8 available
8 available 9 for
9 for 12 disease
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 12 disease
12 disease 14 ad
12 disease 19 disorder
13 ( 14 ad
14 ad 15 )
16 , 19 disorder
17 a 19 disorder
18 neurodegenerative 19 disorder
19 disorder 20 that
19 disorder 21 affects
19 disorder 28 .
20 that 21 affects
21 affects 26 people
21 affects 27 worldwide
22 more 23 than
23 than 25 million
24 36 25 million
25 million 26 people

although cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension [and] diabetes are increasingly implicated as contributing to the development of ad , the mechanisms [whereby] these factors influence pathological processes in the ad brain have not been defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 although 4 factors
1 although 10 are
1 although 22 mechanisms
2 cardiovascular 4 factors
3 risk 4 factors
4 factors 6 as
4 factors 10 are
5 such 6 as
6 as 9 diabetes
7 hypertension 9 diabetes
10 are 11 increasingly
10 are 12 implicated
13 as 14 contributing
13 as 22 mechanisms
15 to 17 development
15 to 20 ,
15 to 22 mechanisms
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
18 of 19 ad
21 the 22 mechanisms
22 mechanisms 25 factors
22 mechanisms 26 influence
22 mechanisms 33 have
24 these 25 factors
25 factors 26 influence
26 influence 28 processes
26 influence 29 in
27 pathological 28 processes
29 in 32 brain
30 the 32 brain
31 ad 32 brain
33 have 34 not
33 have 35 been
35 been 36 defined

here we propose , for the first time , vascular activation as a relevant mechanism in ad pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 propose
3 propose 5 for
3 propose 11 activation
3 propose 12 as
3 propose 16 in
4 , 5 for
5 for 8 time
5 for 9 ,
6 the 8 time
7 first 8 time
10 vascular 11 activation
12 as 15 mechanism
13 a 14 relevant
13 a 15 mechanism
14 relevant 15 mechanism
16 in 18 pathogenesis
17 ad 18 pathogenesis

we explore this hypothesis in two transgenic ad animal models : ad2576appswe ( ad2576 ) and laferla 3xtg ( 3xtgad ) mice using the vascular activation inhibitor sunitinib . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 we 2 explore
2 explore 4 hypothesis
2 explore 5 in
3 this 4 hypothesis
5 in 10 models
6 two 10 models
7 transgenic 10 models
8 ad 10 models
9 animal 10 models
11 : 16 and
11 : 29 .
12 ad2576appswe 14 ad2576
12 ad2576appswe 16 and
13 ( 14 ad2576
14 ad2576 15 )
16 and 17 laferla
16 and 22 mice
16 and 28 sunitinib
18 3xtg 20 3xtgad
18 3xtg 21 )
18 3xtg 22 mice
19 ( 20 3xtgad
20 3xtgad 21 )
22 mice 23 using
22 mice 28 sunitinib
23 using 27 inhibitor
24 the 27 inhibitor
25 vascular 26 activation
26 activation 27 inhibitor

our data show that in both ad animal models , the cerebrovasculature is activated and overexpresses amyloid beta , thrombin , tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin - 1 beta , interleukin [-] 6 , and matrix metalloproteinase 9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 12 cerebrovasculature
4 that 13 is
5 in 9 models
5 in 10 ,
5 in 12 cerebrovasculature
6 both 9 models
7 ad 8 animal
8 animal 9 models
11 the 12 cerebrovasculature
12 cerebrovasculature 13 is
13 is 15 and
14 activated 15 and
15 and 16 overexpresses
15 and 30 beta
16 overexpresses 18 beta
17 amyloid 18 beta
18 beta 20 thrombin
19 , 20 thrombin
20 thrombin 25 alpha
20 thrombin 27 interleukin
20 thrombin 28 -
21 , 25 alpha
22 tumor 24 factor
23 necrosis 24 factor
24 factor 25 alpha
25 alpha 26 ,
26 , 27 interleukin
27 interleukin 28 -
29 1 30 beta
31 , 36 and
32 interleukin 34 6
32 interleukin 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 metalloproteinase
37 matrix 38 metalloproteinase
38 metalloproteinase 39 9

oral administration of sunitinib significantly reduces vascular expression of these proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 administration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 oral 2 administration
2 administration 3 of
2 administration 6 reduces
3 of 4 sunitinib
5 significantly 6 reduces
6 reduces 8 expression
7 vascular 8 expression
8 expression 9 of
9 of 11 proteins
10 these 11 proteins

furthermore , sunitinib improves cognitive [function] , as assessed [by] several behavioral paradigms , in both ad animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sunitinib
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improves
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 sunitinib
3 sunitinib 4 improves
4 improves 13 paradigms
5 cognitive 7 ,
5 cognitive 13 paradigms
8 as 9 assessed
9 assessed 13 paradigms
11 several 13 paradigms
12 behavioral 13 paradigms
13 paradigms 15 in
14 , 15 in
15 in 19 models
15 in 20 .
16 both 19 models
17 ad 19 models
18 animal 19 models

finally , oxidant injury of brain endothelial cells in culture , resulting in expression of inflammatory proteins , is mitigated by sunitinib . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 injury
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 mitigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 injury
3 oxidant 4 injury
4 injury 5 of
4 injury 19 is
5 of 8 cells
6 brain 8 cells
7 endothelial 8 cells
8 cells 9 in
9 in 10 culture
10 culture 12 resulting
11 , 12 resulting
12 resulting 13 in
12 resulting 18 ,
13 in 14 expression
14 expression 15 of
15 of 17 proteins
16 inflammatory 17 proteins
19 is 20 mitigated
20 mitigated 21 by
21 by 22 sunitinib

the current data , as well as published studies showing cerebrovascular activation in human ad , support further exploration of vascular - based mechanisms in ad pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 data
2 current 3 data
3 data 7 as
3 data 17 support
4 , 7 as
5 as 6 well
6 well 7 as
7 as 9 studies
7 as 16 ,
8 published 9 studies
9 studies 10 showing
10 showing 12 activation
10 showing 13 in
11 cerebrovascular 12 activation
13 in 15 ad
14 human 15 ad
17 support 19 exploration
17 support 25 in
18 further 19 exploration
19 exploration 20 of
20 of 24 mechanisms
21 vascular 22 -
21 vascular 24 mechanisms
23 based 24 mechanisms
25 in 27 pathogenesis
26 ad 27 pathogenesis

new thinking about ad pathogenesis and novel , effective treatments are urgently needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 new 2 thinking
1 new 6 and
2 thinking 3 about
3 about 5 pathogenesis
4 ad 5 pathogenesis
6 and 10 treatments
6 and 11 are
7 novel 8 ,
7 novel 10 treatments
9 effective 10 treatments
11 are 12 urgently
11 are 13 needed

identification of " vascular activation " as a heretofore unexplored target could stimulate translational investigations in this newly defined area , leading to innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this devastating disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 stimulate
1 identification 2 of
1 identification 12 could
2 of 3 "
2 of 5 activation
4 vascular 5 activation
5 activation 6 "
5 activation 7 as
7 as 11 target
8 a 9 heretofore
8 a 11 target
9 heretofore 10 unexplored
10 unexplored 11 target
12 could 13 stimulate
13 stimulate 15 investigations
13 stimulate 16 in
14 translational 15 investigations
16 in 20 area
17 this 20 area
18 newly 19 defined
19 defined 20 area
20 area 22 leading
21 , 22 leading
22 leading 23 to
22 leading 34 .
23 to 26 approaches
24 innovative 26 approaches
25 therapeutic 26 approaches
26 approaches 27 for
26 approaches 30 of
27 for 29 treatment
28 the 29 treatment
30 of 33 disease
31 this 33 disease
32 devastating 33 disease

[none] objective : fibroblast growth factor 10 ( fgf 10 ) [signaling] [pathway] is crucial to lung development and epithelial reconstruction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
3 : 6 factor
3 : 14 is
4 fibroblast 5 growth
5 growth 6 factor
6 factor 7 10
6 factor 9 fgf
6 factor 14 is
8 ( 9 fgf
9 fgf 10 10
9 fgf 11 )
14 is 15 crucial
15 crucial 16 to
16 to 19 and
17 lung 18 development
18 development 19 and
19 and 21 reconstruction
20 epithelial 21 reconstruction

the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms in fgf 10 and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) in a han population of north china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 relationship
8 investigate 19 to
8 investigate 27 in
9 the 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 between
11 between 17 and
12 gene 13 polymorphisms
13 polymorphisms 14 in
13 polymorphisms 17 and
14 in 15 fgf
15 fgf 16 10
17 and 18 susceptibility
19 to 23 disease
20 chronic 23 disease
21 obstructive 23 disease
22 pulmonary 23 disease
23 disease 25 copd
24 ( 25 copd
25 copd 26 )
27 in 30 population
28 a 30 population
29 han 30 population
30 population 31 of
31 of 33 china
32 north 33 china

methods : the subjects included 220 patients with copd ( copd [group] ) and 285 healthy controls ( control [group] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 5 included
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 included
5 included 7 patients
5 included 8 with
6 220 7 patients
8 with 14 and
9 copd 11 copd
10 ( 11 copd
11 copd 13 )
11 copd 14 and
14 and 17 controls
14 and 19 control
15 285 17 controls
16 healthy 17 controls
18 ( 19 control
19 control 21 )

the copd patients , admitted to our hospital from june 2007 to may 2012 because of acute exacerbation , included 142 males and 78 females , aging from 43 to 93 years [ mean [(] 74 ± 10 ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 3 patients
2 copd 3 patients
3 patients 5 admitted
3 patients 20 included
4 , 5 admitted
5 admitted 6 to
5 admitted 12 to
5 admitted 15 because
5 admitted 19 ,
6 to 8 hospital
7 our 8 hospital
8 hospital 9 from
9 from 10 june
10 june 11 2007
12 to 13 may
13 may 14 2012
15 because 16 of
16 of 18 exacerbation
17 acute 18 exacerbation
20 included 23 and
21 142 23 and
22 males 23 and
23 and 25 females
23 and 27 aging
24 78 25 females
26 , 27 aging
27 aging 32 years
27 aging 40 ]
28 from 30 to
29 43 30 to
30 to 31 93
30 to 32 years
32 years 37 ±
33 [ 37 ±
34 mean 37 ±
36 74 37 ±
37 ± 38 10
37 ± 39 )

the control group included 183 males and 102 females , aging from 44 to 97 years [ mean [(] 72 ± 9 ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 4 included
4 included 7 and
4 included 11 aging
5 183 7 and
6 males 7 and
7 and 9 females
8 102 9 females
10 , 11 aging
11 aging 16 years
11 aging 24 ]
12 from 14 to
13 44 14 to
14 to 15 97
14 to 16 years
16 years 21 ±
17 [ 21 ±
18 mean 21 ±
20 72 21 ±
21 ± 22 9
21 ± 23 )

according to results of lung function testing , patients with copd [were] divided into mild ( 8 cases ) , moderate [(] 62 cases ) , and severe ( 48 cases ) and very severe groups ( 102 cases ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 according 2 to
1 according 27 and
2 to 3 results
3 results 4 of
4 of 7 testing
5 lung 6 function
6 function 7 testing
7 testing 9 patients
8 , 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
9 patients 25 )
10 with 11 copd
11 copd 13 divided
11 copd 14 into
14 into 24 cases
15 mild 18 cases
15 mild 20 ,
15 mild 21 moderate
16 ( 18 cases
17 8 18 cases
18 cases 19 )
21 moderate 24 cases
23 62 24 cases
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 severe
27 and 31 cases
27 and 33 and
29 ( 31 cases
30 48 31 cases
31 cases 32 )
33 and 36 groups
33 and 39 cases
34 very 35 severe
35 severe 36 groups
37 ( 39 cases
38 102 39 cases
39 cases 40 )

[the] genotype frequencies of fgf 10 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms ( rs10473352 , rs16873956 , rs2973644 , rs1011814 , rs10402070 and rs723166 ) were genotyped by rflp pcr - restriction fragment length polymorphism method and micro - sequencing ( snapshot ) technology assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
2 genotype 3 frequencies
3 frequencies 4 of
3 frequencies 12 rs10473352
4 of 10 polymorphisms
5 fgf 6 10
5 fgf 10 polymorphisms
7 gene 10 polymorphisms
8 single 9 nucleotide
9 nucleotide 10 polymorphisms
11 ( 12 rs10473352
12 rs10473352 13 ,
13 , 21 and
13 , 25 genotyped
13 , 29 -
14 rs16873956 15 ,
15 , 16 rs2973644
15 , 17 ,
17 , 20 rs10402070
17 , 21 and
18 rs1011814 19 ,
18 rs1011814 20 rs10402070
21 and 22 rs723166
21 and 23 )
21 and 24 were
24 were 25 genotyped
25 genotyped 26 by
26 by 28 pcr
27 rflp 28 pcr
29 - 43 assay
29 - 44 .
30 restriction 33 polymorphism
31 fragment 32 length
32 length 33 polymorphism
33 polymorphism 34 method
34 method 35 and
35 and 38 sequencing
35 and 40 snapshot
35 and 43 assay
36 micro 37 -
36 micro 38 sequencing
39 ( 40 snapshot
40 snapshot 41 )
42 technology 43 assay

chi [-] [square] [test] was used to perform the hardy - weinberg equilibrium test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 chi 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 perform
7 to 8 perform
8 perform 10 hardy
9 the 10 hardy
11 - 14 test
12 weinberg 14 test
13 equilibrium 14 test

unconditional [logistic] of regression [model] [was] used to calculate odds [ratio] ( or ) and 95%ci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 unconditional 3 of
1 unconditional 7 used
1 unconditional 15 and
3 of 4 regression
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 calculate
8 to 9 calculate
9 calculate 10 odds
10 odds 13 or
12 ( 13 or
13 or 14 )
15 and 16 95%ci

the 2 groups were compared using [t] - test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 the 2 2
2 2 3 groups
3 groups 4 were
4 were 6 using
5 compared 6 using
8 - 9 test
8 - 10 .

results : the rs2973644 locus aa , ga and gg genotype frequencies in the copd group and the control group were 108/220 , 92/220 , 20/220 and 167/285 , 104/285 , 14/285 , respectively [;] while the frequencies of allele a [and] [g] were 308/440 , 132/440 and 438/570 , 132/570 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
2 : 9 and
2 : 11 genotype
2 : 17 and
3 the 5 locus
4 rs2973644 5 locus
5 locus 6 aa
6 aa 7 ,
7 , 8 ga
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 gg
9 and 11 genotype
11 genotype 12 frequencies
11 genotype 13 in
13 in 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 copd 16 group
17 and 20 group
17 and 21 were
18 the 20 group
19 control 20 group
20 group 21 were
21 were 22 108/220
21 were 34 respectively
21 were 36 while
22 108/220 24 92/220
22 108/220 27 and
23 , 24 92/220
24 92/220 25 ,
25 , 27 and
26 20/220 27 and
27 and 28 167/285
27 and 30 104/285
27 and 32 14/285
27 and 33 ,
29 , 30 104/285
30 104/285 31 ,
31 , 32 14/285
32 14/285 33 ,
36 while 38 frequencies
36 while 44 were
37 the 38 frequencies
38 frequencies 39 of
38 frequencies 44 were
39 of 40 allele
40 allele 41 a
44 were 45 308/440
44 were 53 respectively
45 308/440 48 and
46 , 48 and
47 132/440 48 and
48 and 49 438/570
48 and 51 132/570
48 and 52 ,
50 , 51 132/570
51 132/570 52 ,

the rs10473352 locus tt , tc and [cc] [genotype] frequencies in the copd group and the control group were 142/220 , 72/220 , 6/220 and 202/285 , 82/285 , 1/285 , respectively , the differences being statistically significant ( χ ( 2 ) value were 6.021 - 6.213 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 locus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 3 locus
2 rs10473352 3 locus
3 locus 7 and
3 locus 18 group
3 locus 19 were
4 tt 6 tc
5 , 6 tc
6 tc 7 and
7 and 10 frequencies
7 and 11 in
7 and 18 group
11 in 15 and
12 the 14 group
13 copd 14 group
14 group 15 and
15 and 17 control
16 the 17 control
19 were 20 142/220
19 were 32 respectively
20 142/220 22 72/220
21 , 22 72/220
22 72/220 25 and
22 72/220 28 82/285
22 72/220 30 1/285
22 72/220 31 ,
23 , 25 and
24 6/220 25 and
25 and 26 202/285
25 and 27 ,
27 , 28 82/285
28 82/285 29 ,
29 , 30 1/285
30 1/285 31 ,
31 , 32 respectively
32 respectively 33 ,
33 , 35 differences
33 , 45 were
34 the 35 differences
35 differences 36 being
35 differences 45 were
36 being 37 statistically
36 being 44 value
38 significant 40 χ
38 significant 43 )
38 significant 44 value
39 ( 40 χ
40 χ 42 2
40 χ 43 )
41 ( 42 2
42 2 43 )
45 were 51 <
46 6.021 47 -
47 - 48 6.213
47 - 51 <
49 , 51 <
50 p 51 <
51 < 52 0.05
51 < 53 )

the rs10473352 allele t and [c] frequencies were [356/440] , 84/440 and 486/570 , 84/570 , respectively [,] the differences being not statistically significant ( χ ( 2 ) = 3.395 , p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 allele
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 allele
2 rs10473352 3 allele
3 allele 5 and
3 allele 8 were
3 allele 12 and
3 allele 15 84/570
3 allele 30 =
4 t 5 and
5 and 7 frequencies
5 and 8 were
10 , 12 and
11 84/440 12 and
12 and 13 486/570
12 and 14 ,
14 , 15 84/570
15 84/570 20 differences
15 84/570 29 )
16 , 17 respectively
16 , 20 differences
19 the 20 differences
20 differences 21 being
20 differences 26 χ
20 differences 29 )
21 being 22 not
21 being 23 statistically
21 being 24 significant
25 ( 26 χ
26 χ 28 2
26 χ 29 )
27 ( 28 2
28 2 29 )
30 = 31 3.395
30 = 34 >
32 , 34 >
33 p 34 >
34 > 35 0.05
34 > 36 )

the remaining 5 tsnp ( rs10473352 , rs16873956 , rs2973644 , rs10402070 and rs723166 ) genotype distribution and allele frequencies were not significantly different [(] or value were 0.606 - 1.357 , p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
1 the 2 remaining
1 the 3 5
3 5 13 and
3 5 16 genotype
3 5 21 were
4 tsnp 6 rs10473352
4 tsnp 8 rs16873956
5 ( 6 rs10473352
6 rs10473352 7 ,
8 rs16873956 9 ,
9 , 12 rs10402070
9 , 13 and
10 rs2973644 11 ,
10 rs2973644 12 rs10402070
13 and 14 rs723166
13 and 15 )
13 and 16 genotype
16 genotype 18 and
17 distribution 18 and
18 and 20 frequencies
19 allele 20 frequencies
21 were 22 not
21 were 29 0.606
22 not 23 significantly
23 significantly 24 different
24 different 28 were
26 or 27 value
27 value 28 were
29 0.606 31 1.357
30 - 31 1.357
31 1.357 34 >
31 1.357 37 .
32 , 34 >
33 p 34 >
34 > 35 0.05
34 > 36 )

conclusions : fgf 10 gene snp sites rs2973644 and rs10473352 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to copd in han population of north china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 8 rs2973644
3 fgf 4 10
3 fgf 8 rs2973644
5 gene 8 rs2973644
6 snp 8 rs2973644
7 sites 8 rs2973644
9 and 11 polymorphisms
9 and 14 associated
10 rs10473352 11 polymorphisms
11 polymorphisms 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 susceptibility
15 with 17 to
17 to 18 copd
18 copd 19 in
19 in 21 population
20 han 21 population
21 population 22 of
22 of 24 china
23 north 24 china

the snp in rs1011814 may be associated with severity of copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 snp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 snp
2 snp 3 in
2 snp 5 may
3 in 4 rs1011814
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 9 severity
9 severity 10 of
10 of 11 copd

gastroesophageal [reflux] disease is a common disorder in all patients but a particular problem in the elderly , for whom the disease often presents with advanced mucosal damage and other complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 gastroesophageal 3 disease
3 disease 4 is
4 is 7 disorder
5 a 6 common
5 a 7 disorder
6 common 7 disorder
7 disorder 8 in
7 disorder 11 but
7 disorder 19 for
8 in 10 patients
9 all 10 patients
11 but 14 problem
12 a 14 problem
13 particular 14 problem
14 problem 15 in
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 , 19 for
19 for 20 whom
19 for 22 disease
19 for 24 presents
19 for 32 .
21 the 22 disease
22 disease 24 presents
23 often 24 presents
24 presents 25 with
24 presents 31 complications
25 with 29 and
26 advanced 28 damage
27 mucosal 28 damage
28 damage 29 and
29 and 30 other

symptoms are also not as reliable an indication of disease severity in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 symptoms 2 are
2 are 3 also
2 are 4 not
2 are 8 indication
5 as 6 reliable
5 as 7 an
6 reliable 7 an
7 an 8 indication
8 indication 9 of
9 of 11 severity
10 disease 11 severity
11 severity 12 in
12 in 14 patients
13 older 14 patients

likewise , therapy is more difficult because of potential side effects and drug interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 is
4 is 6 difficult
5 more 6 difficult
6 difficult 7 because
7 because 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 potential 10 side
10 side 11 effects
11 effects 12 and
12 and 14 interactions
13 drug 14 interactions

unlabelled : ( 99 m [ c] - trodat - 1 is the first clinical routine ( 99 [m] [ c] radiopharmaceutical to evaluate dopamine neurons loss in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 trodat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 pd
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 7 c]
3 ( 7 c]
4 99 5 m
5 m 7 c]
7 c] 8 -
7 c] 9 trodat
9 trodat 10 -
9 trodat 11 1
10 - 11 1
11 1 15 clinical
12 is 13 the
12 is 15 clinical
14 first 15 clinical
15 clinical 17 (
16 routine 17 (
17 ( 20 [
17 ( 31 disease
17 ( 32 (
20 [ 21 c]
20 [ 22 radiopharmaceutical
21 c] 22 radiopharmaceutical
22 radiopharmaceutical 23 to
22 radiopharmaceutical 24 evaluate
23 to 24 evaluate
24 evaluate 25 dopamine
24 evaluate 26 neurons
26 neurons 29 parkinson
27 loss 28 in
28 in 29 parkinson
30 's 31 disease
31 disease 32 (

[(] 18 )f - av - [133] is a novel pet radiotracer targeting the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 ( vmat2 ) to detect monoaminergic terminal reduction in pd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 av
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 18 5 av
3 )f 4 -
3 )f 5 av
6 - 8 is
8 is 12 radiotracer
8 is 18 type
8 is 23 to
9 a 12 radiotracer
10 novel 12 radiotracer
11 pet 12 radiotracer
12 radiotracer 13 targeting
13 targeting 17 transporter
14 the 17 transporter
15 vesicular 16 monoamine
16 monoamine 17 transporter
18 type 19 2
18 type 21 vmat2
20 ( 21 vmat2
21 vmat2 22 )
23 to 24 detect
24 detect 27 reduction
24 detect 28 in
25 monoaminergic 26 terminal
26 terminal 27 reduction
28 in 30 patients
29 pd 30 patients

the aim of this study is to compare both images in the same health control ( hc ) and pd subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 compare
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 19 and
9 both 10 images
10 images 11 in
10 images 19 and
11 in 15 control
12 the 13 same
13 same 15 control
14 health 15 control
15 control 17 hc
16 ( 17 hc
17 hc 18 )
19 and 21 subjects
20 pd 21 subjects

methods : eighteen subjects ( 8 hc and 10 pd ) were recruited for ( 99 m [ c] - trodat - 1 spect , ( 18 )f - av - 133 pet and mri scans within two weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 13 recruited
2 : 30 av
3 eighteen 4 subjects
4 subjects 8 and
4 subjects 12 were
5 ( 8 and
6 8 7 hc
7 hc 8 and
8 and 10 pd
8 and 11 )
9 10 10 pd
12 were 13 recruited
13 recruited 14 for
13 recruited 19 c]
14 for 15 (
15 ( 19 c]
16 99 17 m
17 m 19 c]
19 c] 20 -
19 c] 30 av
20 - 23 1
20 - 27 18
20 - 29 -
21 trodat 23 1
22 - 23 1
23 1 24 spect
25 , 27 18
26 ( 27 18
27 18 28 )f
28 )f 29 -
29 - 30 av
30 av 34 and
30 av 35 mri
30 av 39 weeks
31 - 34 and
32 133 33 pet
33 pet 34 and
34 and 35 mri
35 mri 36 scans
36 scans 38 two
37 within 38 two

the spect images were performed at 4 - h post - injection for 45 min , and the pet images were performed at 90 min post - injection for 10 min . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 images
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
1 the 3 images
2 spect 3 images
3 images 4 were
4 were 5 performed
5 performed 6 at
6 at 10 post
7 4 8 -
8 - 9 h
8 - 10 post
10 post 12 injection
11 - 12 injection
12 injection 13 for
12 injection 16 ,
13 for 15 min
14 45 15 min
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 pet
17 and 22 performed
18 the 19 pet
19 pet 20 images
19 pet 21 were
19 pet 22 performed
20 images 21 were
22 performed 23 at
23 at 26 post
24 90 25 min
25 min 26 post
26 post 28 injection
27 - 28 injection
28 injection 29 for
29 for 31 min
30 10 31 min
31 min 32 .

each pet and spect image was normalized into montreal neurological institute [template] aided from individual mri for comparison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 image
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 normalized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 each 5 image
2 pet 3 and
3 and 4 spect
4 spect 5 image
5 image 6 was
6 was 7 normalized
7 normalized 8 into
8 into 11 institute
9 montreal 10 neurological
10 neurological 11 institute
11 institute 13 aided
11 institute 14 from
14 from 16 mri
15 individual 16 mri
16 mri 17 for
17 for 18 comparison

for regional analysis , volume of interest ( vois ) of bilateral caudate nuclei , anterior , posterior putamen and occipital cortex ( as reference [region] ) were delineated from the normalized mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 delineated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 for 3 analysis
1 for 15 ,
1 for 20 and
2 regional 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 volume
4 , 5 volume
5 volume 6 of
5 volume 11 of
5 volume 15 ,
6 of 7 interest
7 interest 9 vois
8 ( 9 vois
9 vois 10 )
11 of 14 nuclei
12 bilateral 14 nuclei
13 caudate 14 nuclei
16 anterior 17 ,
16 anterior 18 posterior
18 posterior 19 putamen
19 putamen 20 and
20 and 22 cortex
20 and 24 as
20 and 28 were
21 occipital 22 cortex
23 ( 24 as
24 as 25 reference
24 as 27 )
28 were 29 delineated
29 delineated 30 from
30 from 33 mri
31 the 33 mri
32 normalized 33 mri

the specific uptake ratio ( sur ) was calculated as [(] regional mean counts/reference mean counts - 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 ratio
2 specific 3 uptake
3 uptake 4 ratio
4 ratio 6 sur
4 ratio 8 was
5 ( 6 sur
6 sur 7 )
8 was 9 calculated
9 calculated 10 as
10 as 16 counts
12 regional 13 mean
13 mean 16 counts
14 counts/reference 16 counts
15 mean 16 counts
16 counts 18 1
17 - 18 1
18 1 19 )

the nonparametric mann [-] whitney [u] test was used to evaluate the power of differentiating control from pd subjects for both image modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 7 test
2 nonparametric 7 test
3 mann 5 whitney
5 whitney 7 test
7 test 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 evaluate
10 to 11 evaluate
11 evaluate 13 power
11 evaluate 17 from
11 evaluate 20 for
12 the 13 power
13 power 14 of
14 of 16 control
15 differentiating 16 control
17 from 19 subjects
18 pd 19 subjects
20 for 23 modalities
21 both 23 modalities
22 image 23 modalities

the correlations of the surs to the clinical parameters were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 correlations
2 correlations 3 of
2 correlations 10 were
3 of 5 surs
4 the 5 surs
5 surs 6 to
6 to 9 parameters
7 the 9 parameters
8 clinical 9 parameters
10 were 11 examined

for voxelwise analysis , two - [sample] t - test [for] group comparison between hc and pd was computed in both image modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 for 3 analysis
1 for 13 comparison
2 voxelwise 3 analysis
3 analysis 6 -
4 , 6 -
5 two 6 -
6 - 8 t
6 - 9 -
10 test 13 comparison
12 group 13 comparison
13 comparison 14 between
13 comparison 18 was
14 between 17 pd
15 hc 16 and
16 and 17 pd
18 was 19 computed
19 computed 20 in
20 in 23 modalities
21 both 23 modalities
22 image 23 modalities

results : the surs of caudate nucleus and putamen correlated well between two image modalities ( r = 0.81 , p<0.001 ) , and showed significant different between hc and pd subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 surs
3 the 4 surs
4 surs 5 of
5 of 7 nucleus
6 caudate 7 nucleus
8 and 9 putamen
8 and 24 and
9 putamen 24 and
10 correlated 11 well
10 correlated 12 between
10 correlated 24 and
12 between 15 modalities
13 two 14 image
14 image 15 modalities
15 modalities 18 =
15 modalities 21 p<0.001
16 ( 18 =
17 r 18 =
18 = 19 0.81
18 = 20 ,
20 , 21 p<0.001
21 p<0.001 22 )
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 showed
25 showed 30 and
26 significant 27 different
26 significant 30 and
27 different 28 between
28 between 29 hc
30 and 32 subjects
31 pd 32 subjects

of note , the [(] 18 )f - av - 133 sur displayed a better correlation to pd clinical laterality index as compared [to] ( 99 m [ c] - trodat - 1 ( r = 0.73 [vs] [.] r = 0.33 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 18
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 of 2 note
1 of 3 ,
1 of 6 18
4 the 6 18
6 18 7 )f
8 - 9 av
8 - 10 -
10 - 12 sur
10 - 13 displayed
11 133 12 sur
12 sur 13 displayed
13 displayed 16 correlation
13 displayed 17 to
14 a 16 correlation
15 better 16 correlation
17 to 21 index
18 pd 21 index
19 clinical 21 index
20 laterality 21 index
21 index 23 compared
21 index 27 m
21 index 31 trodat
22 as 23 compared
25 ( 27 m
26 99 27 m
27 m 29 c]
29 c] 31 trodat
30 - 31 trodat
31 trodat 32 -
31 trodat 43 )
32 - 35 r
33 1 35 r
34 ( 35 r
35 r 36 =
36 = 40 r
39 [.] 40 r
40 r 41 =
40 r 42 0.33

voxelwise analysis showed more lesions for pd subjects from [(] 18 )f - av - 133 image [as] compared to ( 99 m [ c] - trodat - 1 [especially] at the substantia nigra region . 
1 voxelwise 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 5 lesions
3 showed 6 for
3 showed 8 subjects
3 showed 12 )f
4 more 5 lesions
6 for 7 pd
8 subjects 9 from
8 subjects 12 )f
9 from 11 18
12 )f 15 -
13 - 15 -
14 av 15 -
15 - 16 133
16 133 17 image
16 133 20 to
16 133 23 m
16 133 26 -
17 image 19 compared
19 compared 20 to
21 ( 23 m
22 99 23 m
23 m 25 c]
25 c] 26 -
26 - 28 -
26 - 35 region
27 trodat 28 -
28 - 30 [especially]
28 - 35 region
30 [especially] 34 nigra
31 at 34 nigra
32 the 33 substantia
33 substantia 34 nigra

conclusion : ( 18 )f - av - 133 pet demonstrated similar performance in differentiation pd from control , and a better correlation to clinical characteristics than that of [(] 99 m [ c] - trodat - 1 spect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 c]
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 6 -
3 ( 6 -
4 18 5 )f
5 )f 6 -
6 - 7 av
6 - 34 c]
7 av 10 pet
7 av 11 demonstrated
8 - 9 133
9 133 10 pet
10 pet 11 demonstrated
11 demonstrated 13 performance
11 demonstrated 14 in
11 demonstrated 17 from
11 demonstrated 27 than
12 similar 13 performance
14 in 16 pd
15 differentiation 16 pd
17 from 20 and
18 control 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 correlation
20 and 24 to
21 a 23 correlation
22 better 23 correlation
24 to 26 characteristics
25 clinical 26 characteristics
27 than 28 that
27 than 29 of
29 of 32 m
31 99 32 m
34 c] 35 -
34 c] 36 trodat
36 trodat 38 1
36 trodat 39 spect
37 - 38 1

[(] 18 )f - av - 133 pet also showed additional information in substantia nigra integrity in pd subjects by voxelwise analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 pet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 18 8 pet
3 )f 5 av
3 )f 6 -
3 )f 8 pet
4 - 5 av
5 av 6 -
7 133 8 pet
8 pet 10 showed
9 also 10 showed
10 showed 12 information
10 showed 17 in
10 showed 20 by
11 additional 12 information
12 information 13 in
13 in 16 integrity
14 substantia 16 integrity
15 nigra 16 integrity
17 in 19 subjects
18 pd 19 subjects
20 by 22 analysis
21 voxelwise 22 analysis

collectively , ( [18] )f - av - 133 could be a promising and better tracer for clinical use to detect monoaminergic terminal reduction in pd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 133
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 9 133
3 ( 5 )f
5 )f 6 -
5 )f 9 133
6 - 7 av
7 av 8 -
7 av 9 133
9 133 10 could
10 could 11 be
11 be 16 tracer
11 be 17 for
11 be 20 to
12 a 16 tracer
13 promising 14 and
14 and 15 better
14 and 16 tracer
17 for 19 use
18 clinical 19 use
20 to 21 detect
21 detect 24 reduction
21 detect 25 in
22 monoaminergic 24 reduction
23 terminal 24 reduction
25 in 27 patients
26 pd 27 patients

aging nurse faculty members are vital human resources who serve as educators , researchers , and leaders within baccalaureate nursing ( bsn ) programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 aging 2 nurse
2 nurse 4 members
3 faculty 4 members
4 members 5 are
5 are 8 resources
6 vital 7 human
7 human 8 resources
8 resources 9 who
8 resources 10 serve
9 who 10 serve
10 serve 11 as
10 serve 18 within
10 serve 24 programs
11 as 16 and
12 educators 13 ,
13 , 14 researchers
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 leaders
18 within 20 nursing
19 baccalaureate 20 nursing
20 nursing 22 bsn
21 ( 22 bsn
22 bsn 23 )

on average , aging nurse faculty members are over 50 years of age and face key retirement decisions over the next decade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 on
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 on 7 members
1 on 8 are
2 average 3 ,
2 average 5 nurse
4 aging 5 nurse
5 nurse 7 members
6 faculty 7 members
8 are 14 and
9 over 10 50
10 50 11 years
11 years 12 of
11 years 14 and
12 of 13 age
14 and 18 decisions
15 face 17 retirement
16 key 17 retirement
17 retirement 18 decisions
18 decisions 19 over
19 over 22 decade
20 the 21 next
20 the 22 decade

the purpose of this study was to begin to build substantive theory about academic nurse leaders ' perceptions of extending the academic working life of aging nurse faculty members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 build
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 begin
7 to 8 begin
8 begin 9 to
9 to 10 build
10 build 12 theory
10 build 13 about
11 substantive 12 theory
13 about 18 perceptions
14 academic 15 nurse
15 nurse 16 leaders
16 leaders 17 '
17 ' 18 perceptions
18 perceptions 19 of
19 of 20 extending
20 extending 22 academic
21 the 22 academic
22 academic 23 working
23 working 24 life
24 life 25 of
25 of 26 aging
26 aging 29 members
27 nurse 28 faculty
28 faculty 29 members

nine academic nurse leaders from bsn programs nationwide were interviewed in this grounded theory study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 leaders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 nine 4 leaders
2 academic 4 leaders
3 nurse 4 leaders
4 leaders 5 from
4 leaders 9 were
5 from 7 programs
6 bsn 7 programs
8 nationwide 9 were
9 were 10 interviewed
10 interviewed 11 in
11 in 15 study
12 this 13 grounded
13 grounded 15 study
14 theory 15 study

data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 using
4 using 7 analysis
5 constant 7 analysis
6 comparative 7 analysis

four categories emerged : valuing aging nurse faculty , enduring environmental challenges , recognizing stakeholder incongruence , and readjusting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 categories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 four 2 categories
2 categories 3 emerged
4 : 8 faculty
4 : 9 ,
5 valuing 6 aging
6 aging 7 nurse
7 nurse 8 faculty
9 , 12 challenges
9 , 13 ,
10 enduring 12 challenges
11 environmental 12 challenges
13 , 18 and
14 recognizing 16 incongruence
15 stakeholder 16 incongruence
16 incongruence 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 readjusting

findings reveal that aging nurse faculty members are highly valued by academic nurse leaders , bringing wisdom , experience , and institutional , historical , and cultural awareness to their many roles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 findings 2 reveal
2 reveal 7 members
2 reveal 10 valued
3 that 4 aging
4 aging 5 nurse
5 nurse 7 members
6 faculty 7 members
7 members 8 are
8 are 10 valued
9 highly 10 valued
10 valued 11 by
10 valued 16 bringing
11 by 14 leaders
12 academic 14 leaders
13 nurse 14 leaders
15 , 16 bringing
16 bringing 17 wisdom
16 bringing 18 ,
18 , 21 and
19 experience 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 28 awareness
21 and 29 to
22 institutional 23 ,
22 institutional 28 awareness
24 historical 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 cultural
26 and 28 awareness
29 to 32 roles
30 their 31 many
31 many 32 roles

yet , some aging [nurse] [faculty] fail to keep knowledge , skills , and teaching modes current , which is problematic given the multiple environmental challenges that academic nurse leaders face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 fail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 3 some
3 some 4 aging
3 some 7 fail
7 fail 8 to
7 fail 26 challenges
8 to 9 keep
9 keep 14 and
10 knowledge 11 ,
11 , 12 skills
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 current
14 and 18 ,
14 and 19 which
14 and 20 is
14 and 22 given
15 teaching 16 modes
16 modes 17 current
19 which 20 is
20 is 21 problematic
22 given 24 multiple
23 the 24 multiple
25 environmental 26 challenges
26 challenges 27 that
26 challenges 31 face
27 that 30 leaders
27 that 31 face
28 academic 29 nurse
29 nurse 30 leaders
30 leaders 31 face

stakeholder incongruence arises as [a] [mismatch] between the needs of the bsn program and the skills and contributions of aging nurse faculty members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incongruence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 arises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 stakeholder 2 incongruence
2 incongruence 3 arises
3 arises 4 as
4 as 7 between
7 between 9 needs
8 the 9 needs
9 needs 10 of
10 of 17 and
11 the 13 program
12 bsn 13 program
13 program 14 and
14 and 16 skills
14 and 17 and
15 the 16 skills
17 and 18 contributions
17 and 19 of
19 of 20 aging
20 aging 23 members
21 nurse 23 members
22 faculty 23 members

bsn programs , program leaders , and aging nurse faculty members can lessen incongruence by readjusting to address the pressures , tensions , and ongoing change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 bsn 2 programs
2 programs 3 ,
3 , 5 leaders
3 , 7 and
4 program 5 leaders
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 nurse
7 and 11 members
7 and 16 readjusting
8 aging 9 nurse
10 faculty 11 members
11 members 12 can
12 can 13 lessen
13 lessen 14 incongruence
13 lessen 15 by
15 by 16 readjusting
16 readjusting 17 to
17 to 18 address
18 address 20 pressures
19 the 20 pressures
21 , 24 and
22 tensions 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 change
25 ongoing 26 change

progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare parkinsonian disorder with characteristic neurofibrillary pathology consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 palsy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 progressive 3 palsy
2 supranuclear 3 palsy
3 palsy 4 is
4 is 8 disorder
5 a 8 disorder
6 rare 7 parkinsonian
7 parkinsonian 8 disorder
8 disorder 9 with
8 disorder 13 consisting
9 with 12 pathology
10 characteristic 12 pathology
11 neurofibrillary 12 pathology
13 consisting 14 of
14 of 17 protein
15 hyperphosphorylated 16 tau
16 tau 17 protein

common [variation] defining the microtubule associated protein tau gene ( mapt ) h1 haplotype strongly contributes to disease risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 haplotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 common 14 haplotype
3 defining 9 gene
3 defining 12 )
3 defining 14 haplotype
4 the 9 gene
5 microtubule 9 gene
6 associated 9 gene
7 protein 9 gene
8 tau 9 gene
9 gene 11 mapt
10 ( 11 mapt
11 mapt 12 )
13 h1 14 haplotype
14 haplotype 16 contributes
15 strongly 16 contributes
16 contributes 17 to
17 to 19 risk
18 disease 19 risk

a recent genome - wide association study ( gwas ) revealed 3 novel risk loci on chromosomes 1 , 2 , [and] 3 that primarily implicate stx6 , eif2ak3 , and mobp , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 a 2 recent
1 a 3 genome
2 recent 3 genome
4 - 7 study
4 - 11 revealed
5 wide 6 association
6 association 7 study
7 study 9 gwas
7 study 11 revealed
8 ( 9 gwas
9 gwas 10 )
11 revealed 15 loci
11 revealed 34 respectively
12 3 15 loci
13 novel 15 loci
14 risk 15 loci
15 loci 16 on
15 loci 20 2
15 loci 23 3
16 on 17 chromosomes
17 chromosomes 18 1
19 , 20 2
20 2 21 ,
21 , 23 3
23 3 24 that
23 3 26 implicate
23 3 31 and
23 3 33 ,
24 that 26 implicate
25 primarily 26 implicate
26 implicate 27 stx6
28 , 31 and
29 eif2ak3 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 mobp
31 and 33 ,

genetic associations , however , rarely lead to direct identification of the relevant functional allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 genetic 2 associations
2 associations 7 lead
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 7 lead
6 rarely 7 lead
7 lead 8 to
8 to 9 direct
9 direct 10 identification
10 identification 11 of
11 of 15 allele
12 the 15 allele
13 relevant 15 allele
14 functional 15 allele

more often , they are in linkage disequilibrium with the causative polymorphism ( [s] [ )(that could be a coding change or affect gene expression regulatory motifs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 more 2 often
2 often 3 ,
2 often 4 they
4 they 5 are
5 are 6 in
5 are 9 with
6 in 8 disequilibrium
7 linkage 8 disequilibrium
9 with 12 polymorphism
10 the 12 polymorphism
11 causative 12 polymorphism
12 polymorphism 16 )(that
12 polymorphism 17 could
13 ( 16 )(that
16 )(that 17 could
17 could 22 or
18 be 21 change
18 be 22 or
19 a 21 change
20 coding 21 change
22 or 23 affect
23 affect 27 motifs
24 gene 27 motifs
25 expression 27 motifs
26 regulatory 27 motifs

to identify [any] such changes , we sequenced all coding exons of those genes directly implicated by the associations in progressive supranuclear palsy cases and analyzed regional gene expression data from control brains to identify expression quantitative trait loci within 1 mb of the risk loci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 to 2 identify
2 identify 5 changes
4 such 5 changes
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 sequenced
7 we 8 sequenced
8 sequenced 11 exons
9 all 11 exons
10 coding 11 exons
11 exons 12 of
11 exons 17 by
11 exons 20 in
11 exons 25 and
12 of 14 genes
13 those 14 genes
14 genes 16 implicated
15 directly 16 implicated
17 by 19 associations
18 the 19 associations
20 in 23 palsy
21 progressive 23 palsy
22 supranuclear 23 palsy
24 cases 25 and
25 and 26 analyzed
25 and 30 data
25 and 34 to
26 analyzed 29 expression
27 regional 29 expression
28 gene 29 expression
30 data 31 from
31 from 33 brains
32 control 33 brains
34 to 35 identify
35 identify 39 loci
36 expression 38 trait
37 quantitative 38 trait
38 trait 39 loci
39 loci 40 within
39 loci 43 of
40 within 42 mb
41 1 42 mb
43 of 46 loci
44 the 46 loci
45 risk 46 loci

although we did not find any coding variants underlying the associations , gwas - associated single - nucleotide polymorphisms at these loci are in complete linkage disequilibrium with haplotypes that completely overlap with the respective genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 polymorphisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 although 2 we
1 although 5 find
1 although 19 polymorphisms
2 we 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 find
5 find 8 variants
5 find 15 associated
6 any 8 variants
7 coding 8 variants
8 variants 9 underlying
8 variants 13 gwas
8 variants 15 associated
9 underlying 11 associations
10 the 11 associations
12 , 13 gwas
13 gwas 14 -
16 single 17 -
16 single 18 nucleotide
18 nucleotide 19 polymorphisms
19 polymorphisms 20 at
19 polymorphisms 23 are
20 at 22 loci
21 these 22 loci
23 are 24 in
24 in 27 disequilibrium
25 complete 27 disequilibrium
26 linkage 27 disequilibrium
27 disequilibrium 28 with
27 disequilibrium 33 with
28 with 29 haplotypes
29 haplotypes 30 that
29 haplotypes 32 overlap
30 that 32 overlap
31 completely 32 overlap
33 with 36 genes
34 the 36 genes
35 respective 36 genes

although implication of eif2ak3 and mobp could not be fully assessed , we show that the gwas single - nucleotide polymorphism rs1411478 ( stx6 ) is a strong expression quantitative trait locus with significantly lower expression of stx6 in white matter in carriers of the risk allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 although 5 and
1 although 11 assessed
1 although 13 we
2 implication 3 of
2 implication 5 and
3 of 4 eif2ak3
5 and 6 mobp
5 and 7 could
7 could 8 not
7 could 9 be
9 be 11 assessed
10 fully 11 assessed
11 assessed 12 ,
13 we 14 show
14 show 15 that
15 that 18 single
15 that 26 is
16 the 18 single
17 gwas 18 single
18 single 22 rs1411478
18 single 26 is
19 - 22 rs1411478
20 nucleotide 21 polymorphism
21 polymorphism 22 rs1411478
22 rs1411478 24 stx6
22 rs1411478 25 )
23 ( 24 stx6
24 stx6 25 )
26 is 32 locus
26 is 33 with
26 is 39 in
26 is 42 in
27 a 32 locus
28 strong 29 expression
29 expression 32 locus
30 quantitative 31 trait
31 trait 32 locus
33 with 36 expression
34 significantly 35 lower
35 lower 36 expression
36 expression 37 of
37 of 38 stx6
39 in 41 matter
40 white 41 matter
42 in 43 carriers
43 carriers 44 of
44 of 47 allele
45 the 47 allele
46 risk 47 allele

frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 ( ftdp - 17 ) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy caused by mutations in the tau gene ( mapt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frontotemporal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 frontotemporal 2 dementia
1 frontotemporal 5 linked
1 frontotemporal 10 ftdp
1 frontotemporal 14 is
2 dementia 3 with
3 with 4 parkinsonism
5 linked 6 to
6 to 7 chromosome
7 chromosome 8 17
9 ( 10 ftdp
10 ftdp 12 17
10 ftdp 13 )
11 - 12 17
12 17 13 )
14 is 17 tauopathy
15 a 16 neurodegenerative
15 a 17 tauopathy
16 neurodegenerative 17 tauopathy
17 tauopathy 18 caused
17 tauopathy 26 mapt
18 caused 19 by
19 by 20 mutations
20 mutations 21 in
21 in 24 gene
22 the 24 gene
23 tau 24 gene
25 ( 26 mapt
26 mapt 27 )

individuals with ftdp - 17 have deficits in learning , memory , and language , in addition to personality and behavioral changes that are often characterized by a lack of social inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 individuals 2 with
1 individuals 13 and
2 with 3 ftdp
3 ftdp 5 17
3 ftdp 9 learning
3 ftdp 11 memory
4 - 5 17
5 17 6 have
6 have 7 deficits
6 have 8 in
8 in 9 learning
10 , 11 memory
11 memory 12 ,
13 and 14 language
13 and 15 ,
13 and 16 in
16 in 20 and
17 addition 18 to
17 addition 20 and
18 to 19 personality
20 and 22 changes
20 and 23 that
20 and 24 are
21 behavioral 22 changes
23 that 24 are
24 are 25 often
24 are 26 characterized
26 characterized 27 by
27 by 29 lack
28 a 29 lack
29 lack 30 of
30 of 32 inhibition
31 social 32 inhibition

several transgenic mouse models expressing tau mutations have been tested extensively for memory or motor impairments , though reports of amygdala - dependent behaviors are lacking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 several 4 models
2 transgenic 3 mouse
3 mouse 4 models
4 models 5 expressing
4 models 8 have
5 expressing 7 mutations
6 tau 7 mutations
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 tested
10 tested 11 extensively
10 tested 12 for
10 tested 18 though
12 for 14 or
13 memory 14 or
14 or 16 impairments
14 or 17 ,
15 motor 16 impairments
18 though 19 reports
18 though 25 are
19 reports 20 of
19 reports 25 are
20 of 24 behaviors
21 amygdala 22 -
21 amygdala 23 dependent
23 dependent 24 behaviors
25 are 26 lacking

to this end , we tested the rtg4510 mouse model on a behavioral battery that included amygdala - dependent tasks of exploration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 to 3 end
1 to 4 ,
1 to 5 we
2 this 3 end
5 we 6 tested
6 tested 10 model
6 tested 11 on
7 the 10 model
8 rtg4510 10 model
9 mouse 10 model
11 on 14 battery
12 a 13 behavioral
12 a 14 battery
13 behavioral 14 battery
14 battery 15 that
14 battery 16 included
15 that 16 included
16 included 20 tasks
17 amygdala 18 -
17 amygdala 19 dependent
19 dependent 20 tasks
20 tasks 21 of
21 of 22 exploration

as expected , rtg4510 mice exhibit profound impairments in hippocampal - dependent learning and memory tests , including contextual fear conditioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exhibit
1 as 2 expected
1 as 3 ,
1 as 5 mice
2 expected 3 ,
4 rtg4510 5 mice
5 mice 6 exhibit
6 exhibit 8 impairments
6 exhibit 9 in
7 profound 8 impairments
9 in 14 and
10 hippocampal 11 -
10 hippocampal 12 dependent
12 dependent 13 learning
13 learning 14 and
14 and 16 tests
14 and 18 including
15 memory 16 tests
17 , 18 including
18 including 21 conditioning
18 including 22 .
19 contextual 21 conditioning
20 fear 21 conditioning

however , rtg4510 mice also display an abnormal hyperexploratory phenotype in the open - field assay , elevated plus maze , light - dark exploration , and cued fear conditioning , indicative [of] amygdala dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mice
3 rtg4510 4 mice
4 mice 6 display
5 also 6 display
6 display 10 phenotype
6 display 11 in
7 an 10 phenotype
8 abnormal 10 phenotype
9 hyperexploratory 10 phenotype
11 in 27 and
12 the 16 assay
13 open 14 -
13 open 15 field
15 field 16 assay
16 assay 17 ,
17 , 20 maze
17 , 21 ,
18 elevated 20 maze
19 plus 20 maze
21 , 25 exploration
21 , 27 and
22 light 23 -
22 light 25 exploration
24 dark 25 exploration
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 conditioning
28 cued 30 conditioning
29 fear 30 conditioning
31 , 35 dysfunction
32 indicative 35 dysfunction
34 amygdala 35 dysfunction

furthermore , significant tau burden is detected in the amygdala of both rtg4510 mice and human ftdp - 17 patients , suggesting that the rtg4510 mouse model recapitulates the behavioral disturbances and neurodegeneration of the amygdala characteristic of ftdp - 17 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tau
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 tau
3 significant 4 tau
4 tau 5 burden
4 tau 6 is
4 tau 7 detected
5 burden 6 is
7 detected 8 in
7 detected 17 ftdp
7 detected 22 suggesting
8 in 10 amygdala
9 the 10 amygdala
10 amygdala 11 of
11 of 15 and
12 both 15 and
13 rtg4510 14 mice
14 mice 15 and
15 and 16 human
17 ftdp 20 patients
18 - 20 patients
19 17 20 patients
20 patients 21 ,
21 , 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 23 that
22 suggesting 40 -
23 that 27 model
23 that 28 recapitulates
24 the 27 model
25 rtg4510 26 mouse
26 mouse 27 model
27 model 28 recapitulates
28 recapitulates 32 and
29 the 31 disturbances
30 behavioral 31 disturbances
31 disturbances 32 and
32 and 33 neurodegeneration
32 and 34 of
32 and 38 of
34 of 37 characteristic
35 the 37 characteristic
36 amygdala 37 characteristic
38 of 39 ftdp
40 - 41 17
40 - 42 .

respiratory infections are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 respiratory 2 infections
2 infections 3 are
3 are 4 among
3 are 16 worldwide
4 among 8 causes
5 the 8 causes
6 most 7 important
7 important 8 causes
8 causes 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 morbidity 11 and
11 and 12 mortality
11 and 13 from
13 from 15 diseases
14 infectious 15 diseases

the most common causative bacterium , streptococcus pneumoniae , frequently colonises the upper respiratory tract , where it resides mostly asymptomatically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bacterium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 colonises
1 the 2 most
2 most 5 bacterium
3 common 5 bacterium
4 causative 5 bacterium
5 bacterium 8 pneumoniae
5 bacterium 11 colonises
6 , 8 pneumoniae
7 streptococcus 8 pneumoniae
8 pneumoniae 9 ,
10 frequently 11 colonises
11 colonises 15 tract
12 the 15 tract
13 upper 15 tract
14 respiratory 15 tract
15 tract 17 where
16 , 17 where
17 where 18 it
17 where 19 resides
17 where 22 .
18 it 19 resides
19 resides 20 mostly
20 mostly 21 asymptomatically

occasionally , however , s [pneumoniae] can cause severe disease such as pneumonia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 s
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 occasionally 2 ,
1 occasionally 5 s
2 , 3 however
3 however 4 ,
3 however 5 s
5 s 7 can
7 can 8 cause
8 cause 10 disease
9 severe 10 disease
10 disease 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 13 pneumonia

local host immunity is essential to control colonising pathogens by preventing overgrowth , spread , and invasion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 immunity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 local 3 immunity
2 host 3 immunity
3 immunity 4 is
4 is 5 essential
5 essential 6 to
5 essential 10 by
6 to 7 control
7 control 8 colonising
8 colonising 9 pathogens
10 by 11 preventing
11 preventing 16 and
12 overgrowth 13 ,
13 , 14 spread
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 invasion

however , age - related immune deficits in elderly people , known as immunosenescence , might contribute to increased disease burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 age
3 age 16 might
4 - 5 related
5 related 7 deficits
5 related 8 in
5 related 15 ,
5 related 16 might
6 immune 7 deficits
8 in 10 people
9 elderly 10 people
10 people 12 known
11 , 12 known
12 known 13 as
12 known 15 ,
13 as 14 immunosenescence
16 might 17 contribute
17 contribute 18 to
18 to 21 burden
19 increased 20 disease
20 disease 21 burden

we review present knowledge about immunosenescence in the respiratory tract against gram - positive bacteria , particularly s [pneumoniae] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
1 we 2 review
2 review 4 knowledge
2 review 5 about
2 review 7 in
2 review 11 against
3 present 4 knowledge
5 about 6 immunosenescence
7 in 10 tract
8 the 10 tract
9 respiratory 10 tract
11 against 12 gram
12 gram 15 bacteria
12 gram 18 s
13 - 15 bacteria
14 positive 15 bacteria
15 bacteria 16 ,
16 , 17 particularly
16 , 18 s
18 s 20 .

we discuss the possible underdetection of pneumococcal colonisation in elderly people , and suggest changes to present surveillance methods to improve understanding of the relation between colonisation and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 13 and
2 discuss 5 underdetection
2 discuss 9 in
2 discuss 13 and
3 the 5 underdetection
4 possible 5 underdetection
5 underdetection 6 of
6 of 8 colonisation
7 pneumococcal 8 colonisation
9 in 11 people
10 elderly 11 people
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 suggest
13 and 16 to
13 and 20 to
14 suggest 15 changes
16 to 17 present
17 present 19 methods
18 surveillance 19 methods
20 to 21 improve
21 improve 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
22 understanding 26 between
23 of 25 relation
24 the 25 relation
26 between 28 and
27 colonisation 28 and
28 and 29 disease

we conclude that present knowledge about alteration of host [-] pathogen interactions by immunosenescence in the respiratory tract is insufficient , and that research is needed to enable improved measures for prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 22 and
2 conclude 3 that
2 conclude 22 and
3 that 5 knowledge
3 that 19 is
4 present 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 about
5 knowledge 13 by
5 knowledge 19 is
6 about 7 alteration
7 alteration 8 of
8 of 12 interactions
9 host 11 pathogen
11 pathogen 12 interactions
13 by 14 immunosenescence
14 immunosenescence 15 in
15 in 18 tract
16 the 18 tract
17 respiratory 18 tract
19 is 20 insufficient
21 , 22 and
22 and 28 enable
23 that 24 research
24 research 25 is
25 is 26 needed
26 needed 27 to
27 to 28 enable
28 enable 30 measures
29 improved 30 measures
30 measures 31 for
31 for 32 prevention

background : surgery for elderly patients with primary lung neoplasms has become relatively common as populations age ; however , the high frequency of postoperative complications has prevented its broad application . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 surgery
2 : 12 become
2 : 18 ;
2 : 32 .
3 surgery 4 for
3 surgery 7 with
3 surgery 11 has
4 for 6 patients
5 elderly 6 patients
7 with 10 neoplasms
8 primary 9 lung
9 lung 10 neoplasms
11 has 12 become
12 become 14 common
13 relatively 14 common
14 common 15 as
15 as 17 age
16 populations 17 age
18 ; 23 frequency
18 ; 28 prevented
19 however 20 ,
19 however 23 frequency
21 the 23 frequency
22 high 23 frequency
23 frequency 24 of
23 frequency 27 has
24 of 26 complications
25 postoperative 26 complications
27 has 28 prevented
28 prevented 31 application
29 its 31 application
30 broad 31 application

recently , the japanese respiratory society proposed lung age ( la ) as an index [of] lung function , but reports on the association between la and the risk factors for postoperative complications [with] [non] - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) [surgery] have been limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 society
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 6 society
3 the 6 society
4 japanese 6 society
5 respiratory 6 society
6 society 20 but
7 proposed 9 age
7 proposed 13 as
7 proposed 20 but
8 lung 9 age
9 age 11 la
10 ( 11 la
11 la 12 )
13 as 18 function
14 an 18 function
15 index 18 function
17 lung 18 function
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 reports
21 reports 22 on
21 reports 25 between
22 on 24 association
23 the 24 association
25 between 26 la
27 and 30 factors
27 and 46 been
28 the 30 factors
29 risk 30 factors
30 factors 31 for
30 factors 40 cancer
30 factors 45 have
31 for 33 complications
32 postoperative 33 complications
36 - 40 cancer
37 small 38 cell
38 cell 39 lung
39 lung 40 cancer
40 cancer 42 nsclc
40 cancer 43 )
41 ( 42 nsclc
42 nsclc 43 )
45 have 46 been
46 been 47 limited

in this study , we analyzed the clinical applicability of la for elderly patients with nsclc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 9 applicability
6 analyzed 15 with
7 the 9 applicability
8 clinical 9 applicability
9 applicability 10 of
10 of 11 la
11 la 12 for
12 for 14 patients
13 elderly 14 patients
15 with 16 nsclc

materials and methods : we [studied] 320 patients aged >70 [y] underwent curative resections for nsclc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 8 patients
4 : 12 underwent
5 we 7 320
7 320 8 patients
8 patients 9 aged
8 patients 12 underwent
9 aged 10 >70
12 underwent 14 resections
13 curative 14 resections
14 resections 15 for
15 for 16 nsclc

the categorical data were compared among the four groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 data
2 categorical 3 data
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 compared
5 compared 6 among
6 among 9 groups
7 the 8 four
8 four 9 groups

results : the numbers of patients in groups a [,] [b] , [c] [,] [and] [d] were 80 , 77 , 79 [,] and 84 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 patients
3 the 4 numbers
4 numbers 5 of
4 numbers 6 patients
5 of 6 patients
6 patients 7 in
7 in 8 groups
8 groups 9 a
12 , 17 were
17 were 18 80
17 were 27 respectively
18 80 20 77
18 80 24 and
19 , 20 77
20 77 21 ,
21 , 24 and
22 79 24 and
24 and 25 84
24 and 26 ,

for the univariate analysis , the preoperative factors for postoperative complications were gender , ag , and smoking ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 for 4 analysis
1 for 5 ,
1 for 8 factors
2 the 4 analysis
3 univariate 4 analysis
6 the 8 factors
7 preoperative 8 factors
8 factors 9 for
8 factors 12 were
9 for 11 complications
10 postoperative 11 complications
12 were 13 gender
13 gender 17 and
14 , 17 and
15 ag 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 smoking
17 and 21 <
17 and 23 )
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.05
21 < 23 )

in a multivariate analysis , ag proved to be an independent factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ag
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 ag
2 a 3 multivariate
2 a 4 analysis
3 multivariate 4 analysis
6 ag 7 proved
7 proved 8 to
7 proved 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 12 factor
10 an 11 independent
10 an 12 factor
11 independent 12 factor

although we found no significant differences , there was a tendency for the prognosis to worsen with an increase in the ag ( p = 0.06 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 2 we
1 although 3 found
1 although 7 ,
1 although 8 there
2 we 3 found
3 found 6 differences
4 no 6 differences
5 significant 6 differences
8 there 9 was
9 was 11 tendency
10 a 11 tendency
11 tendency 12 for
11 tendency 15 to
11 tendency 16 worsen
11 tendency 25 =
12 for 14 prognosis
13 the 14 prognosis
15 to 16 worsen
16 worsen 17 with
16 worsen 20 in
17 with 19 increase
18 an 19 increase
20 in 22 ag
21 the 22 ag
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.06
25 = 27 )

conclusions : the ag was significantly associated with [and] an independent predictive factor for postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 ag
2 : 7 associated
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 ag
4 ag 5 was
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 13 factor
10 an 11 independent
10 an 13 factor
11 independent 13 factor
12 predictive 13 factor
13 factor 14 for
14 for 16 complications
15 postoperative 16 complications

we conclude that la and ag are useful factors for predicting the risk of postoperative complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 and
3 that 7 are
4 la 5 and
5 and 6 ag
5 and 7 are
7 are 9 factors
8 useful 9 factors
9 factors 10 for
10 for 11 predicting
11 predicting 13 risk
12 the 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 16 complications
15 postoperative 16 complications

healthy longevity is a tangible possibility for many individuals and populations , with nutritional and other lifestyle factors playing a key role in modulating the likelihood of healthy ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 longevity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 healthy 2 longevity
2 longevity 3 is
3 is 6 possibility
4 a 6 possibility
5 tangible 6 possibility
6 possibility 7 for
6 possibility 13 with
7 for 10 and
8 many 9 individuals
9 individuals 10 and
10 and 11 populations
12 , 13 with
13 with 15 and
13 with 26 likelihood
13 with 30 .
14 nutritional 15 and
15 and 18 factors
15 and 19 playing
16 other 18 factors
17 lifestyle 18 factors
19 playing 22 role
20 a 22 role
21 key 22 role
22 role 23 in
23 in 24 modulating
25 the 26 likelihood
26 likelihood 27 of
27 of 29 ageing
28 healthy 29 ageing

nevertheless , studies of effects of nutrients or single foods on ageing often show inconsistent results and ignore the overall framework of dietary habits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 3 studies
3 studies 4 of
3 studies 6 of
3 studies 17 and
4 of 5 effects
6 of 8 or
7 nutrients 8 or
8 or 10 foods
8 or 11 on
9 single 10 foods
11 on 12 ageing
13 often 14 show
14 show 16 results
14 show 17 and
15 inconsistent 16 results
17 and 18 ignore
18 ignore 21 framework
19 the 21 framework
20 overall 21 framework
21 framework 22 of
22 of 24 habits
23 dietary 24 habits

therefore , the use of dietary patterns ( [e.g] [.] a mediterranean dietary pattern ) and the specific dietary recommendations [(] e.g . dietary approaches to stop [hypertension] , polymeal and the american healthy eating index ) are becoming more widespread in promoting lifelong health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 e.g
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 16 and
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 16 and
5 of 7 patterns
6 dietary 7 patterns
7 patterns 14 pattern
8 ( 14 pattern
11 a 14 pattern
12 mediterranean 14 pattern
13 dietary 14 pattern
14 pattern 15 )
16 and 20 recommendations
16 and 22 e.g
17 the 20 recommendations
18 specific 20 recommendations
19 dietary 20 recommendations
23 . 25 approaches
23 . 38 are
23 . 46 .
24 dietary 25 approaches
25 approaches 26 to
25 approaches 27 stop
25 approaches 31 and
25 approaches 38 are
26 to 27 stop
29 , 31 and
30 polymeal 31 and
31 and 36 index
31 and 37 )
32 the 33 american
33 american 36 index
34 healthy 35 eating
35 eating 36 index
38 are 39 becoming
39 becoming 41 widespread
40 more 41 widespread
41 widespread 42 in
42 in 43 promoting
43 promoting 45 health
44 lifelong 45 health

a posteriori defined dietary patterns are described frequently in relation to age - related diseases but their generalisability is often a challenge since these are developed specifically for the population under study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 posteriori
2 posteriori 5 patterns
3 defined 5 patterns
4 dietary 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 are
6 are 7 described
7 described 8 frequently
7 described 11 to
9 in 10 relation
10 relation 11 to
11 to 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 diseases
16 but 18 generalisability
16 but 19 is
17 their 18 generalisability
18 generalisability 19 is
19 is 20 often
19 is 22 challenge
19 is 23 since
21 a 22 challenge
23 since 24 these
23 since 26 developed
24 these 25 are
25 are 26 developed
26 developed 27 specifically
26 developed 28 for
26 developed 31 under
28 for 30 population
29 the 30 population
31 under 32 study

conversely , the dietary guidelines are often developed [based] on prevention of disease or nutrient deficiency , but often less attention is paid to [how] well these dietary guidelines promote health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 5 guidelines
3 the 5 guidelines
4 dietary 5 guidelines
5 guidelines 6 are
6 are 7 often
6 are 8 developed
8 developed 10 on
10 on 14 or
11 prevention 12 of
11 prevention 14 or
12 of 13 disease
14 or 15 nutrient
14 or 21 attention
14 or 23 paid
16 deficiency 18 but
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 often
18 but 20 less
18 but 21 attention
21 attention 22 is
22 is 23 paid
23 paid 24 to
24 to 26 well
26 well 29 guidelines
26 well 30 promote
27 these 29 guidelines
28 dietary 29 guidelines
29 guidelines 30 promote
30 promote 32 outcomes
31 health 32 outcomes

in the present paper , we provide an overview of the state of the art of dietary patterns and dietary recommendations in relation to life expectancy and the risk of age - related disorders ( with emphasis on cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive outcomes ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 4 paper
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 paper
3 present 4 paper
6 we 7 provide
7 provide 9 overview
7 provide 24 to
8 an 9 overview
9 overview 10 of
10 of 19 and
11 the 12 state
12 state 13 of
12 state 19 and
13 of 15 art
14 the 15 art
15 art 16 of
16 of 18 patterns
17 dietary 18 patterns
19 and 21 recommendations
20 dietary 21 recommendations
22 in 23 relation
23 relation 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 life 26 expectancy
26 expectancy 27 and
27 and 29 risk
27 and 30 of
28 the 29 risk
30 of 31 age
32 - 33 related
33 related 34 disorders
33 related 44 )
34 disorders 36 with
35 ( 36 with
36 with 41 and
36 with 44 )
37 emphasis 38 on
37 emphasis 41 and
38 on 40 diseases
39 cardiometabolic 40 diseases
41 and 43 outcomes
42 cognitive 43 outcomes

according to both a posteriori [and] a priori dietary patterns , some key ['] ingredients ' can be identified that [are] associated consistently with longevity and better cardiometabolic and cognitive health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 can
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 10 patterns
2 to 11 ,
2 to 17 can
3 both 10 patterns
4 a 5 posteriori
5 posteriori 10 patterns
7 a 8 priori
8 priori 10 patterns
9 dietary 10 patterns
12 some 15 ingredients
13 key 15 ingredients
15 ingredients 16 '
16 ' 17 can
17 can 18 be
18 be 31 health
19 identified 31 health
20 that 22 associated
20 that 24 with
20 that 26 and
22 associated 23 consistently
24 with 25 longevity
26 and 27 better
26 and 31 health
28 cardiometabolic 29 and
29 and 30 cognitive
29 and 31 health

these include high intake of fruit , vegetables , fish , ( whole ) grains and legumes/pulses and potatoes , whereas dietary patterns rich in red meat and sugar - rich foods have been associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 4 intake
3 high 4 intake
4 intake 5 of
5 of 6 fruit
6 fruit 8 vegetables
6 fruit 10 fish
6 fruit 18 and
7 , 8 vegetables
8 vegetables 9 ,
9 , 10 fish
10 fish 11 ,
12 ( 18 and
13 whole 14 )
13 whole 15 grains
15 grains 16 and
16 and 17 legumes/pulses
16 and 18 and
18 and 19 potatoes
18 and 20 ,
20 , 32 foods
20 , 35 associated
21 whereas 23 patterns
21 whereas 30 -
21 whereas 32 foods
22 dietary 23 patterns
23 patterns 24 rich
24 rich 25 in
25 in 28 and
26 red 27 meat
27 meat 28 and
28 and 29 sugar
31 rich 32 foods
32 foods 33 have
33 have 34 been
34 been 35 associated
35 associated 36 with
36 with 39 risk
36 with 44 outcomes
37 an 39 risk
38 increased 39 risk
39 risk 40 of
40 of 42 and
41 mortality 42 and
42 and 43 cardiometabolic

the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the established anti - cyclic citrullinated peptide ( anti - ccp ) enzyme - linked immunosorbent [assay] ( elisa ) compared to rheumatoid factor - immunoglobulin m ( rf - igm ) and [c] [-] reactive protein ( crp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 5 study
2 objective 8 evaluate
2 objective 32 compared
3 of 4 this
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 performance
9 the 10 performance
10 performance 11 of
11 of 18 peptide
12 the 18 peptide
13 established 18 peptide
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 18 peptide
16 cyclic 18 peptide
17 citrullinated 18 peptide
18 peptide 24 enzyme
18 peptide 27 immunosorbent
19 ( 24 enzyme
20 anti 22 ccp
20 anti 23 )
20 anti 24 enzyme
21 - 22 ccp
22 ccp 23 )
24 enzyme 25 -
25 - 27 immunosorbent
26 linked 27 immunosorbent
27 immunosorbent 30 elisa
27 immunosorbent 31 )
29 ( 30 elisa
30 elisa 31 )
32 compared 33 to
32 compared 44 and
33 to 34 rheumatoid
35 factor 42 igm
35 factor 44 and
36 - 42 igm
37 immunoglobulin 38 m
37 immunoglobulin 40 rf
39 ( 40 rf
40 rf 41 -
40 rf 42 igm
42 igm 43 )
44 and 48 protein
44 and 50 crp
47 reactive 48 protein
49 ( 50 crp
50 crp 51 )

serum samples of 176 patients were analyzed with the anti - ccp elisa assay method established in our laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 serum 2 samples
2 samples 3 of
2 samples 6 were
3 of 5 patients
4 176 5 patients
6 were 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 8 with
8 with 15 method
9 the 15 method
10 anti 11 -
10 anti 15 method
12 ccp 13 elisa
13 elisa 15 method
14 assay 15 method
15 method 16 established
15 method 17 in
17 in 19 laboratory
18 our 19 laboratory

the results of rheumatoid arthritis ( [ra] [ )(patients , the other inflammatory patients , and healthy controls were compared using medcalc ( version 7.0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 16 and
3 of 5 arthritis
4 rheumatoid 5 arthritis
5 arthritis 9 )(patients
5 arthritis 14 patients
6 ( 9 )(patients
9 )(patients 10 ,
10 , 14 patients
11 the 12 other
12 other 14 patients
13 inflammatory 14 patients
14 patients 15 ,
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 controls
16 and 19 were
17 healthy 18 controls
19 were 20 compared
20 compared 21 using
21 using 22 medcalc
22 medcalc 24 version
23 ( 24 version
24 version 25 7.0
24 version 26 )

the anti - ccp assay results were compared with rf - igm and crp concentration analyzed in catholic university . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
1 the 6 results
2 anti 3 -
2 anti 6 results
4 ccp 6 results
5 assay 6 results
6 results 7 were
7 were 8 compared
8 compared 9 with
9 with 10 rf
10 rf 15 concentration
11 - 15 concentration
12 igm 13 and
13 and 14 crp
14 crp 15 concentration
15 concentration 16 analyzed
15 concentration 17 in
15 concentration 20 .
17 in 19 university
18 catholic 19 university

the specificity of elisa test results of [ra] patients showed 91 % and 87 % , when healthy controls or osteoarthritis patients were considered as negative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specificity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
1 the 2 specificity
2 specificity 3 of
2 specificity 10 showed
3 of 6 results
4 elisa 6 results
5 test 6 results
6 results 7 of
7 of 9 patients
10 showed 12 %
10 showed 13 and
10 showed 17 when
11 91 12 %
13 and 15 %
14 87 15 %
16 , 17 when
17 when 20 or
17 when 24 considered
17 when 27 .
18 healthy 19 controls
19 controls 20 or
20 or 22 patients
20 or 23 were
21 osteoarthritis 22 patients
23 were 24 considered
24 considered 26 negative
25 as 26 negative

thus , the established elisa method was [ra] specific , but its sensitivity was low . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 6 method
3 the 6 method
4 established 6 method
5 elisa 6 method
6 method 7 was
7 was 9 specific
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 sensitivity
11 but 14 was
12 its 13 sensitivity
13 sensitivity 14 was
14 was 15 low

to see the low sensitivity [may] from aging effect , the concentration of anti - ccp was analyzed for different aging [group] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 see
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 to 2 see
2 see 5 sensitivity
3 the 5 sensitivity
4 low 5 sensitivity
5 sensitivity 7 from
7 from 8 aging
8 aging 9 effect
10 , 12 concentration
10 , 18 analyzed
11 the 12 concentration
12 concentration 13 of
12 concentration 17 was
13 of 16 ccp
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 16 ccp
17 was 18 analyzed
18 analyzed 19 for
19 for 21 aging
20 different 21 aging

we tested 110 healthy controls ' sera using the same method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 7 sera
3 110 5 controls
4 healthy 5 controls
5 controls 6 '
6 ' 7 sera
7 sera 8 using
8 using 11 method
9 the 10 same
10 same 11 method

the statistical results of young subjects ( < 45 years old ) showed significantly lower anti - ccp concentrations than those of older subjects ( >65 years old , p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 results
2 statistical 3 results
3 results 4 of
3 results 11 old
3 results 13 showed
4 of 6 subjects
5 young 6 subjects
7 ( 11 old
8 < 9 45
9 45 10 years
10 years 11 old
11 old 12 )
13 showed 18 ccp
13 showed 19 concentrations
13 showed 20 than
14 significantly 15 lower
15 lower 18 ccp
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 18 ccp
20 than 21 those
21 those 22 of
22 of 24 subjects
23 older 24 subjects
24 subjects 26 >65
24 subjects 30 p<0.0001
25 ( 26 >65
26 >65 28 old
26 >65 29 ,
27 years 28 old
29 , 30 p<0.0001
30 p<0.0001 31 )

the citrullination might also be occurring during aging process in healthy populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 citrullination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 citrullination
2 citrullination 3 might
3 might 5 be
4 also 5 be
5 be 6 occurring
6 occurring 7 during
6 occurring 10 in
7 during 9 process
8 aging 9 process
10 in 12 populations
11 healthy 12 populations

the validation results imply that the established method could be used as a clinical diagnostic [for] [ra] together with rf - igm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 the 3 results
2 validation 3 results
3 results 4 imply
4 imply 5 that
5 that 8 method
5 that 11 used
6 the 8 method
7 established 8 method
8 method 9 could
9 could 10 be
10 be 11 used
11 used 12 as
11 used 19 with
12 as 15 diagnostic
13 a 14 clinical
13 a 15 diagnostic
14 clinical 15 diagnostic
18 together 19 with
19 with 20 rf
21 - 22 igm
21 - 23 .

objective : reductions on the clearance from plasma of chylomicrons are associated with atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 reductions
2 : 12 associated
2 : 15 .
3 reductions 4 on
3 reductions 11 are
4 on 6 clearance
5 the 6 clearance
6 clearance 7 from
7 from 8 plasma
8 plasma 9 of
9 of 10 chylomicrons
11 are 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 atherosclerosis

statins improve the removal from plasma of chylomicrons in a dose dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 statins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 statins 2 improve
2 improve 4 removal
2 improve 9 in
3 the 4 removal
4 removal 5 from
5 from 6 plasma
6 plasma 7 of
7 of 8 chylomicrons
9 in 13 manner
10 a 13 manner
11 dose 13 manner
12 dependent 13 manner

there is controversy whether ezetimibe modifies the plasma clearance of chylomicrons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 controversy
2 is 4 whether
4 whether 5 ezetimibe
4 whether 6 modifies
5 ezetimibe 6 modifies
6 modifies 9 clearance
7 the 9 clearance
8 plasma 9 clearance
9 clearance 10 of
10 of 11 chylomicrons

effects of [ezetimibe] alone or [in] combination with simvastatin were compared with low and high dose of the latter , upon the kinetics of a chylomicron - like emulsion in coronary heart disease ( chd ) patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 effects 2 of
1 effects 5 or
2 of 4 alone
5 or 7 combination
5 or 8 with
5 or 10 were
8 with 9 simvastatin
10 were 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
12 with 14 and
12 with 37 patients
13 low 14 and
14 and 16 dose
14 and 17 of
14 and 28 like
14 and 30 in
15 high 16 dose
17 of 19 latter
18 the 19 latter
19 latter 21 upon
20 , 21 upon
21 upon 23 kinetics
21 upon 27 -
22 the 23 kinetics
23 kinetics 24 of
24 of 26 chylomicron
25 a 26 chylomicron
28 like 29 emulsion
30 in 33 disease
31 coronary 32 heart
32 heart 33 disease
33 disease 35 chd
34 ( 35 chd
35 chd 36 )

methods : 25 chd patients were randomized for treatment with ezetimibe 10 [mg] ( group 1 ) or simvastatin 20 [mg] ( group 2 ) with progression to ezetimibe + [simvastatin] 10/20 mg or [simvastatin] 80 mg , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 29 ezetimibe
3 25 5 patients
4 chd 5 patients
5 patients 6 were
6 were 7 randomized
7 randomized 8 for
7 randomized 26 with
7 randomized 28 to
8 for 18 or
9 treatment 10 with
9 treatment 18 or
10 with 11 ezetimibe
11 ezetimibe 12 10
11 ezetimibe 15 group
14 ( 15 group
15 group 16 1
15 group 17 )
18 or 19 simvastatin
18 or 23 group
19 simvastatin 20 20
22 ( 23 group
23 group 24 2
23 group 25 )
26 with 27 progression
28 to 29 ezetimibe
29 ezetimibe 34 or
29 ezetimibe 39 respectively
30 + 32 10/20
32 10/20 33 mg
33 mg 34 or
34 or 37 mg
36 80 37 mg
38 , 39 respectively
39 respectively 40 .

kinetic studies were performed at baseline and after each treatment period of 6 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 kinetic 2 studies
2 studies 3 were
3 were 4 performed
4 performed 7 and
5 at 6 baseline
5 at 7 and
7 and 8 after
8 after 11 period
9 each 11 period
10 treatment 11 period
11 period 12 of
12 of 14 weeks
13 6 14 weeks

the fractional catabolic rates ( fcr [ )(of the emulsion labeled with [(] 14 )c - ce and [(] 3 )h - tg , that represent respectively chylomicron remnant [and] triglyceride removal , were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 4 rates
2 fractional 4 rates
3 catabolic 4 rates
4 rates 18 and
4 rates 34 were
5 ( 18 and
6 fcr 8 )(of
6 fcr 12 with
6 fcr 18 and
8 )(of 10 emulsion
9 the 10 emulsion
10 emulsion 11 labeled
12 with 17 ce
14 14 17 ce
15 )c 16 -
15 )c 17 ce
18 and 23 tg
18 and 24 ,
18 and 25 that
18 and 26 represent
18 and 33 ,
20 3 23 tg
21 )h 22 -
21 )h 23 tg
24 , 25 that
25 that 26 represent
26 represent 27 respectively
26 represent 32 removal
28 chylomicron 32 removal
29 remnant 31 triglyceride
31 triglyceride 32 removal
34 were 35 calculated

comparisons were made by anova . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparisons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 comparisons 2 were
2 were 3 made
3 made 4 by
4 by 5 anova

the [(] 3 )h - tg - fcr in group 1 were 0.017 ± 0.011 , 0.024 ± 0.011 and 0.042 ± 0.013 min ( - 1 ) [and] in group 2 were 0.016 ± 0.009 , 0.022 ± 0.009 and 0.037 ± 0.012 min ( - 1 ) [at] baseline , after 6 and 12 weeks ( p < 0.05 vs [.] baseline , [and] 6 vs [.] 12 weeks [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 )h
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 the 3 3
3 3 4 )h
5 - 6 tg
5 - 7 -
7 - 8 fcr
7 - 12 were
7 - 16 ,
8 fcr 9 in
8 fcr 12 were
9 in 10 group
10 group 11 1
12 were 14 ±
13 0.017 14 ±
14 ± 15 0.011
16 , 17 0.024
16 , 18 ±
16 , 20 and
17 0.024 18 ±
18 ± 19 0.011
20 and 31 group
21 0.042 31 group
22 ± 31 group
23 0.013 30 in
24 min 27 1
24 min 30 in
25 ( 27 1
26 - 27 1
27 1 28 )
30 in 31 group
31 group 32 2
31 group 33 were
33 were 41 and
34 0.016 35 ±
35 ± 36 0.009
35 ± 37 ,
37 , 39 ±
37 , 41 and
38 0.022 39 ±
39 ± 40 0.009
41 and 51 baseline
41 and 52 ,
41 and 53 after
42 0.037 43 ±
43 ± 51 baseline
44 0.012 51 baseline
45 min 48 1
45 min 49 )
45 min 51 baseline
46 ( 48 1
47 - 48 1
48 1 49 )
53 after 57 weeks
54 6 55 and
55 and 56 12
55 and 57 weeks
57 weeks 60 <
58 ( 60 <
59 p 60 <
60 < 61 0.05
61 0.05 62 vs
61 0.05 67 6
62 vs 64 baseline
65 , 67 6
67 6 68 vs
67 6 73 )(
68 vs 71 weeks
70 12 71 weeks

there were no differences between groups in time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 no 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
5 between 6 groups
6 groups 7 in
7 in 8 time

conclusion : both treatments increased similarly the removal from plasma of chylomicron [and] remnants in chd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 treatments
2 : 5 increased
2 : 18 .
3 both 4 treatments
4 treatments 5 increased
5 increased 6 similarly
5 increased 8 removal
5 increased 15 in
7 the 8 removal
8 removal 9 from
9 from 10 plasma
10 plasma 11 of
11 of 14 remnants
12 chylomicron 14 remnants
15 in 17 patients
16 chd 17 patients

frailty is an increasingly recognized syndrome resulting in age - related decline [in] function [and] reserve across multiple physiologic systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 frailty 2 is
2 is 6 syndrome
3 an 6 syndrome
4 increasingly 5 recognized
5 recognized 6 syndrome
6 syndrome 7 resulting
7 resulting 8 in
8 in 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 16 reserve
11 related 17 across
11 related 21 .
12 decline 16 reserve
14 function 16 reserve
17 across 20 systems
18 multiple 20 systems
19 physiologic 20 systems

it presents [as] a hyperinflammable state , characterized by high vulnerability for adverse health outcomes , such as disability , falls , hospitalization , institutionalization , and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 it 20 ,
2 presents 6 state
2 presents 18 as
2 presents 20 ,
4 a 5 hyperinflammable
4 a 6 state
5 hyperinflammable 6 state
6 state 8 characterized
7 , 8 characterized
8 characterized 9 by
8 characterized 12 for
8 characterized 16 ,
9 by 11 vulnerability
10 high 11 vulnerability
12 for 15 outcomes
13 adverse 14 health
14 health 15 outcomes
17 such 18 as
18 as 19 disability
20 , 21 falls
22 , 27 and
23 hospitalization 24 ,
24 , 25 institutionalization
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 mortality

the prevalence of frailty syndrome ( fs ) is of potentially enormous significance , as it potentially affects 20 - 30 % of adults older than 75 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 9 is
3 of 5 syndrome
4 frailty 5 syndrome
5 syndrome 7 fs
6 ( 7 fs
7 fs 8 )
9 is 10 of
10 of 13 significance
11 potentially 12 enormous
12 enormous 13 significance
13 significance 22 %
14 , 22 %
15 as 16 it
15 as 18 affects
16 it 18 affects
17 potentially 18 affects
18 affects 20 -
19 20 20 -
20 - 21 30
21 30 22 %
22 % 23 of
22 % 28 .
23 of 24 adults
24 adults 25 older
25 older 26 than
26 than 27 75

cellular and molecular basis [of] frailty has not been elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 cellular 2 and
2 and 3 molecular
2 and 4 basis
4 basis 6 frailty
6 frailty 7 has
7 has 8 not
7 has 9 been
9 been 10 elucidated

despite a massive research effort to elucidate alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) in recent decades , effective treatment remains elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 despite 5 effort
1 despite 17 ,
1 despite 19 treatment
2 a 3 massive
2 a 5 effort
3 massive 4 research
4 research 5 effort
5 effort 6 to
5 effort 7 elucidate
6 to 7 elucidate
7 elucidate 10 disease
7 elucidate 14 in
8 alzheimer 9 's
9 's 10 disease
10 disease 12 ad
11 ( 12 ad
12 ad 13 )
14 in 16 decades
15 recent 16 decades
18 effective 19 treatment
19 treatment 20 remains
20 remains 21 elusive

this failure may relate to an oversimplification of the pathogenic processes underlying ad and also lack of understanding of ad progression during its long latent stages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 failure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 failure
2 failure 3 may
3 may 4 relate
4 relate 5 to
4 relate 22 during
5 to 7 oversimplification
6 an 7 oversimplification
7 oversimplification 8 of
7 oversimplification 17 of
7 oversimplification 19 of
8 of 11 processes
9 the 11 processes
10 pathogenic 11 processes
11 processes 12 underlying
12 underlying 14 and
13 ad 14 and
14 and 15 also
14 and 16 lack
17 of 18 understanding
19 of 21 progression
20 ad 21 progression
22 during 26 stages
23 its 26 stages
24 long 26 stages
25 latent 26 stages

although evidence shows that the two specific neuropathological hallmarks in ad ( neuronal loss and protein accumulation ) , which are opposite in nature , do not progress [in] parallel , the great majority of studies have focused on only one of these aspects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 majority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 although 2 evidence
1 although 3 shows
1 although 34 majority
2 evidence 3 shows
3 shows 4 that
4 that 9 hallmarks
4 that 28 progress
5 the 6 two
6 two 9 hallmarks
7 specific 9 hallmarks
8 neuropathological 9 hallmarks
9 hallmarks 10 in
9 hallmarks 26 do
10 in 11 ad
11 ad 15 and
12 ( 15 and
13 neuronal 14 loss
14 loss 15 and
15 and 17 accumulation
15 and 18 )
15 and 20 which
15 and 25 ,
16 protein 17 accumulation
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 are
20 which 25 ,
21 are 22 opposite
22 opposite 23 in
23 in 24 nature
26 do 27 not
26 do 28 progress
30 parallel 31 ,
30 parallel 34 majority
32 the 34 majority
33 great 34 majority
34 majority 35 of
34 majority 37 have
35 of 36 studies
37 have 38 focused
38 focused 39 on
39 on 41 one
40 only 41 one
41 one 42 of
42 of 44 aspects
43 these 44 aspects

furthermore , research focusing on single structures is likely to render an incomplete picture of ad pathogenesis because as ad involves complete brain networks , potential compensatory mechanisms within the network may ameliorate impairment of the system to a certain extent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 research
3 research 4 focusing
3 research 8 is
4 focusing 5 on
5 on 7 structures
6 single 7 structures
8 is 9 likely
9 likely 10 to
9 likely 11 render
10 to 11 render
11 render 14 picture
11 render 18 because
11 render 38 to
12 an 13 incomplete
12 an 14 picture
13 incomplete 14 picture
14 picture 15 of
15 of 17 pathogenesis
16 ad 17 pathogenesis
18 because 28 mechanisms
18 because 33 ameliorate
19 as 20 ad
19 as 21 involves
19 as 25 ,
19 as 28 mechanisms
20 ad 21 involves
21 involves 24 networks
22 complete 23 brain
23 brain 24 networks
26 potential 28 mechanisms
27 compensatory 28 mechanisms
28 mechanisms 29 within
28 mechanisms 32 may
29 within 31 network
30 the 31 network
32 may 33 ameliorate
33 ameliorate 34 impairment
34 impairment 35 of
35 of 37 system
36 the 37 system
38 to 41 extent
39 a 40 certain
39 a 41 extent
40 certain 41 extent

here , we describe an approach for enabling integrative analysis of the dual - nature lesions , simultaneously , in all components of one of the brain networks most vulnerable to ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 describe
4 describe 6 approach
5 an 6 approach
6 approach 7 for
7 for 8 enabling
8 enabling 10 analysis
8 enabling 18 simultaneously
8 enabling 20 in
9 integrative 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 of
11 of 16 lesions
12 the 16 lesions
13 dual 14 -
13 dual 15 nature
15 nature 16 lesions
17 , 18 simultaneously
18 simultaneously 19 ,
20 in 22 components
21 all 22 components
22 components 23 of
22 components 25 of
23 of 24 one
25 of 28 networks
26 the 28 networks
27 brain 28 networks
28 networks 30 vulnerable
29 most 30 vulnerable
30 vulnerable 31 to
31 to 32 ad

this approach is based on significant development of methods previously described mainly by our group that were optimized and complemented for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 approach
2 approach 3 is
3 is 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 21 for
5 on 7 development
6 significant 7 development
7 development 8 of
8 of 9 methods
9 methods 11 described
10 previously 11 described
11 described 12 mainly
12 mainly 13 by
13 by 15 group
14 our 15 group
15 group 16 that
15 group 19 and
16 that 19 and
17 were 18 optimized
17 were 19 and
19 and 20 complemented
21 for 23 study
22 this 23 study

it combines unbiased stereology with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence , making use of advanced graphics computing for three - dimensional ( 3 d ) volume reconstructions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 it 2 combines
2 combines 4 stereology
2 combines 5 with
3 unbiased 4 stereology
5 with 7 and
5 with 25 reconstructions
6 immunohistochemistry 7 and
7 and 8 immunofluorescence
7 and 10 making
9 , 10 making
10 making 11 use
10 making 18 -
11 use 12 of
12 of 14 graphics
13 advanced 14 graphics
14 graphics 15 computing
15 computing 16 for
16 for 17 three
19 dimensional 22 d
19 dimensional 24 volume
20 ( 22 d
21 3 22 d
22 d 23 )
24 volume 25 reconstructions

although this study was performed in human brainstem and focused in ad , it may be applied to the study of any neurological disease characterized by dual - nature lesions , in humans and animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 applied
1 although 3 study
1 although 4 was
1 although 14 it
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 9 and
5 performed 6 in
5 performed 9 and
6 in 8 brainstem
7 human 8 brainstem
9 and 10 focused
11 in 12 ad
11 in 13 ,
11 in 14 it
14 it 15 may
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 applied
17 applied 18 to
17 applied 26 by
18 to 20 study
19 the 20 study
20 study 21 of
21 of 24 disease
22 any 24 disease
23 neurological 24 disease
24 disease 25 characterized
26 by 30 lesions
27 dual 28 -
27 dual 29 nature
29 nature 30 lesions
30 lesions 32 in
31 , 32 in
32 in 36 models
32 in 37 .
33 humans 34 and
34 and 35 animal
34 and 36 models

this approach does not require a high level of investment in new equipment and a significant number of specimens can be processed and analyzed within a funding cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 approach
2 approach 3 does
3 does 4 not
3 does 5 require
5 require 8 level
5 require 11 in
5 require 25 within
6 a 7 high
6 a 8 level
7 high 8 level
8 level 9 of
9 of 10 investment
11 in 14 and
12 new 13 equipment
13 equipment 14 and
14 and 17 number
14 and 18 of
15 a 16 significant
15 a 17 number
16 significant 17 number
18 of 19 specimens
19 specimens 23 and
20 can 21 be
20 can 23 and
21 be 22 processed
23 and 24 analyzed
25 within 28 cycle
26 a 28 cycle
27 funding 28 cycle

the transcription factor nrf2 is a key regulator of the cellular stress response , and pharmacological nrf2 activation is a promising strategy for skin protection and cancer prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nrf2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 factor
2 transcription 3 factor
3 factor 4 nrf2
4 nrf2 5 is
5 is 8 regulator
6 a 8 regulator
7 key 8 regulator
8 regulator 9 of
9 of 13 response
10 the 13 response
11 cellular 12 stress
12 stress 13 response
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 activation
15 and 19 is
16 pharmacological 18 activation
17 nrf2 18 activation
18 activation 19 is
19 is 22 strategy
20 a 21 promising
20 a 22 strategy
21 promising 22 strategy
22 strategy 23 for
23 for 26 and
24 skin 25 protection
25 protection 26 and
26 and 28 prevention
27 cancer 28 prevention

we show here that prolonged nrf2 activation in keratinocytes causes sebaceous gland enlargement and seborrhea in mice due to upregulation of the growth factor epigen , which we identified as a novel nrf2 target . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 here
2 show 4 that
4 that 7 activation
4 that 10 causes
5 prolonged 7 activation
6 nrf2 7 activation
7 activation 8 in
7 activation 10 causes
8 in 9 keratinocytes
10 causes 14 and
11 sebaceous 13 enlargement
12 gland 13 enlargement
13 enlargement 14 and
14 and 15 seborrhea
14 and 21 of
15 seborrhea 16 in
16 in 17 mice
17 mice 19 to
18 due 19 to
19 to 20 upregulation
21 of 25 epigen
22 the 25 epigen
23 growth 25 epigen
24 factor 25 epigen
25 epigen 27 which
26 , 27 which
27 which 29 identified
27 which 35 .
28 we 29 identified
29 identified 30 as
30 as 34 target
31 a 34 target
32 novel 34 target
33 nrf2 34 target

this was accompanied by thickening and hyperkeratosis of hair follicle infundibula . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 accompanied
3 accompanied 4 by
4 by 5 thickening
6 and 7 hyperkeratosis
6 and 10 follicle
7 hyperkeratosis 8 of
7 hyperkeratosis 10 follicle
8 of 9 hair
10 follicle 11 infundibula

these abnormalities caused dilatation of infundibula , hair loss , and cyst development upon aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 abnormalities
2 abnormalities 3 caused
3 caused 4 dilatation
3 caused 14 upon
4 dilatation 5 of
5 of 11 and
6 infundibula 7 ,
7 , 9 loss
7 , 11 and
8 hair 9 loss
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 development
12 cyst 13 development
14 upon 15 aging

upregulation of epigen , secretory leukocyte peptidase [inhibitor] ( slpi ) , and small proline - rich protein 2 [d] ( sprr2d [ )(in hair follicles [was] identified as the likely cause of infundibular acanthosis , hyperkeratosis , and cyst formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 upregulation 2 of
1 upregulation 13 and
2 of 3 epigen
3 epigen 7 peptidase
4 , 7 peptidase
5 secretory 7 peptidase
6 leukocyte 7 peptidase
7 peptidase 10 slpi
7 peptidase 12 ,
9 ( 10 slpi
10 slpi 11 )
13 and 18 protein
13 and 22 sprr2d
13 and 39 and
14 small 18 protein
15 proline 16 -
15 proline 18 protein
17 rich 18 protein
18 protein 19 2
21 ( 22 sprr2d
22 sprr2d 24 )(in
22 sprr2d 28 identified
22 sprr2d 33 of
22 sprr2d 37 hyperkeratosis
22 sprr2d 38 ,
24 )(in 26 follicles
25 hair 26 follicles
28 identified 29 as
29 as 32 cause
30 the 32 cause
31 likely 32 cause
33 of 35 acanthosis
34 infundibular 35 acanthosis
36 , 37 hyperkeratosis
37 hyperkeratosis 38 ,
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 formation
40 cyst 41 formation

these alterations were highly reminiscent to the phenotype of chloracne/"metabolizing acquired dioxin - induced skin hamartomas " ( madish ) [patients] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 alterations
2 alterations 3 were
3 were 4 highly
3 were 5 reminiscent
5 reminiscent 6 to
6 to 8 phenotype
7 the 8 phenotype
8 phenotype 9 of
9 of 12 dioxin
10 chloracne/"metabolizing 11 acquired
11 acquired 12 dioxin
12 dioxin 16 hamartomas
13 - 16 hamartomas
14 induced 15 skin
15 skin 16 hamartomas
16 hamartomas 17 "
16 hamartomas 19 madish
16 hamartomas 20 )
18 ( 19 madish
19 madish 20 )

indeed , slpi , sprr2 , and epigen were strongly expressed in cysts of madish patients and upregulated by dioxin in human keratinocytes in an nrf2 - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 7 and
3 slpi 4 ,
4 , 5 sprr2
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 epigen
7 and 9 were
9 were 17 and
10 strongly 11 expressed
11 expressed 12 in
11 expressed 17 and
12 in 13 cysts
13 cysts 14 of
14 of 16 patients
15 madish 16 patients
17 and 18 upregulated
17 and 19 by
17 and 20 dioxin
17 and 21 in
17 and 24 in
21 in 23 keratinocytes
22 human 23 keratinocytes
24 in 26 nrf2
25 an 26 nrf2
26 nrf2 29 manner
27 - 29 manner
28 dependent 29 manner
29 manner 30 .

these results identify novel nrf2 activities in the pilosebaceous unit and point to a role of nrf2 in madish pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 11 and
3 identify 6 activities
3 identify 7 in
3 identify 11 and
4 novel 6 activities
5 nrf2 6 activities
7 in 10 unit
8 the 10 unit
9 pilosebaceous 10 unit
11 and 12 point
11 and 20 pathogenesis
12 point 13 to
12 point 18 in
13 to 15 role
14 a 15 role
15 role 16 of
16 of 17 nrf2
18 in 19 madish

as the second most common age related neurodegenerative disease after alzheimer 's disease , the health , social and economic impact resulting from parkinson 's disease will continue to increase alongside the longevity of the population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 as 3 second
1 as 6 age
2 the 3 second
4 most 5 common
5 common 6 age
6 age 7 related
7 related 9 disease
7 related 10 after
8 neurodegenerative 9 disease
10 after 13 disease
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 13 disease
14 , 19 and
14 , 28 continue
15 the 16 health
16 health 17 ,
17 , 18 social
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 impact
19 and 22 resulting
19 and 23 from
19 and 28 continue
20 economic 21 impact
23 from 27 will
24 parkinson 25 's
25 's 27 will
26 disease 27 will
28 continue 29 to
29 to 30 increase
30 increase 31 alongside
31 alongside 33 longevity
32 the 33 longevity
33 longevity 34 of
34 of 36 population
35 the 36 population

ageing remains the biggest risk factor for developing idiopathic parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 ageing 2 remains
2 remains 6 factor
3 the 4 biggest
3 the 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
6 factor 7 for
7 for 8 developing
8 developing 12 disease
9 idiopathic 10 parkinson
10 parkinson 11 's
11 's 12 disease

although research into the mechanisms leading to cell death in parkinson 's disease has shed light on many aspects of the pathogenesis of this disorder , we still cannot answer the fundamental question , what specific age related factors predispose some individuals to develop this common neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 leading
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
1 although 2 research
1 although 6 leading
3 into 5 mechanisms
3 into 6 leading
4 the 5 mechanisms
6 leading 7 to
6 leading 14 has
7 to 9 death
8 cell 9 death
9 death 10 in
10 in 13 disease
11 parkinson 12 's
12 's 13 disease
14 has 16 light
14 has 17 on
15 shed 16 light
17 on 19 aspects
18 many 19 aspects
19 aspects 20 of
19 aspects 23 of
20 of 22 pathogenesis
21 the 22 pathogenesis
23 of 25 disorder
24 this 25 disorder
26 , 27 we
26 , 30 answer
27 we 29 cannot
28 still 29 cannot
29 cannot 30 answer
30 answer 33 question
31 the 33 question
32 fundamental 33 question
33 question 35 what
34 , 35 what
35 what 39 factors
35 what 40 predispose
35 what 49 .
36 specific 39 factors
37 age 38 related
38 related 39 factors
39 factors 40 predispose
40 predispose 42 individuals
40 predispose 43 to
41 some 42 individuals
43 to 44 develop
44 develop 48 disease
45 this 48 disease
46 common 48 disease
47 neurodegenerative 48 disease

in this review we focus specifically on the neuronal population associated with the motor symptoms of parkinson 's disease , the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra , and try to understand how ageing puts these neurons at risk to the extent that a slight change in protein metabolism or mitochondrial function can push the cells over the edge leading to catastrophic cell death [and] many of the symptoms seen in parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 75 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 focus
5 focus 6 specifically
5 focus 7 on
5 focus 12 with
5 focus 31 to
7 on 10 population
8 the 10 population
9 neuronal 10 population
10 population 11 associated
12 with 15 symptoms
13 the 15 symptoms
14 motor 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 16 of
16 of 29 and
17 parkinson 18 's
18 's 19 disease
19 disease 20 ,
20 , 23 neurons
20 , 29 and
21 the 23 neurons
22 dopaminergic 23 neurons
23 neurons 24 of
24 of 27 nigra
25 the 27 nigra
26 substantia 27 nigra
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 try
31 to 32 understand
32 understand 33 how
33 how 34 ageing
33 how 35 puts
34 ageing 35 puts
35 puts 37 neurons
35 puts 38 at
35 puts 71 in
36 these 37 neurons
38 at 39 risk
39 risk 40 to
39 risk 43 that
40 to 42 extent
41 the 42 extent
43 that 46 change
43 that 54 push
44 a 46 change
45 slight 46 change
46 change 47 in
46 change 53 can
47 in 50 or
48 protein 49 metabolism
49 metabolism 50 or
50 or 52 function
51 mitochondrial 52 function
53 can 54 push
54 push 56 cells
54 push 57 over
55 the 56 cells
57 over 59 edge
58 the 59 edge
59 edge 60 leading
59 edge 67 of
60 leading 61 to
60 leading 66 many
61 to 64 death
62 catastrophic 63 cell
63 cell 64 death
67 of 69 symptoms
68 the 69 symptoms
69 symptoms 70 seen
71 in 74 disease
72 parkinson 73 's
73 's 74 disease

we review the evidence that ageing is important for the development of parkinson 's disease and how age related decline leads to the loss of neurons within this disease , before describing exactly how advancing age may lead to substantia nigra neuronal loss and parkinson 's disease in some individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 substantia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 4 evidence
2 review 31 before
2 review 39 to
3 the 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
4 evidence 19 related
5 that 6 ageing
5 that 19 related
6 ageing 7 is
7 is 8 important
8 important 9 for
9 for 16 and
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 of
11 development 16 and
12 of 15 disease
13 parkinson 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 and 17 how
18 age 19 related
19 related 21 leads
19 related 30 ,
20 decline 21 leads
21 leads 22 to
21 leads 25 of
22 to 24 loss
23 the 24 loss
25 of 26 neurons
26 neurons 27 within
27 within 29 disease
28 this 29 disease
31 before 32 describing
32 describing 34 how
33 exactly 34 how
34 how 35 advancing
35 advancing 36 age
36 age 37 may
37 may 38 lead
39 to 40 substantia
40 substantia 43 loss
41 nigra 43 loss
42 neuronal 43 loss
44 and 45 parkinson
44 and 46 's
45 parkinson 46 's
46 's 47 disease
46 's 48 in
48 in 50 individuals
49 some 50 individuals

as aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by intraindividual and interindividual diversities in the maintenance of the homeostatic condition of cells and tissues , changes [in] renal function are not [uniform] [and] depend on associated diseases and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 diversities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 as 2 aging
1 as 3 is
1 as 12 diversities
2 aging 3 is
3 is 6 phenomenon
3 is 8 by
4 a 6 phenomenon
5 complex 6 phenomenon
6 phenomenon 7 characterized
8 by 10 and
9 intraindividual 10 and
10 and 11 interindividual
12 diversities 13 in
12 diversities 16 of
12 diversities 29 are
13 in 15 maintenance
14 the 15 maintenance
16 of 28 function
17 the 28 function
18 homeostatic 19 condition
19 condition 20 of
19 condition 22 and
20 of 21 cells
22 and 23 tissues
22 and 24 ,
22 and 28 function
25 changes 28 function
27 renal 28 function
29 are 30 not
29 are 33 depend
33 depend 34 on
34 on 37 and
35 associated 36 diseases
36 diseases 37 and
37 and 39 factors
38 environmental 39 factors

multiple studies have investigated the possible underlying mechanisms of age - related decline [in] kidney function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 multiple 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 investigated
4 investigated 8 mechanisms
5 the 8 mechanisms
6 possible 8 mechanisms
7 underlying 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 of
9 of 10 age
11 - 16 function
11 - 17 .
12 related 13 decline
13 decline 16 function
15 kidney 16 function

evolutionary , molecular , cellular and systemic theories have been postulated to explain the primary disease independent age - related changes and adaptive responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 theories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 postulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 evolutionary 2 ,
1 evolutionary 8 theories
3 molecular 4 ,
4 , 5 cellular
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 systemic
6 and 8 theories
8 theories 9 have
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 postulated
11 postulated 12 to
12 to 13 explain
13 explain 18 age
14 the 18 age
15 primary 16 disease
16 disease 18 age
17 independent 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 22 and
20 related 25 .
21 changes 22 and
22 and 24 responses
23 adaptive 24 responses

as peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors ( ppars ) are involved in a broad spectrum of biological processes , ppar activation might have an effect on the prevention of cell senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proliferator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 as 2 peroxisome
2 peroxisome 3 proliferator
4 - 6 receptors
4 - 11 involved
4 - 19 ,
4 - 32 .
5 activated 6 receptors
6 receptors 8 ppars
6 receptors 10 are
7 ( 8 ppars
8 ppars 9 )
10 are 11 involved
11 involved 12 in
12 in 15 spectrum
13 a 14 broad
13 a 15 spectrum
14 broad 15 spectrum
15 spectrum 16 of
16 of 18 processes
17 biological 18 processes
19 , 21 activation
19 , 23 have
20 ppar 21 activation
21 activation 22 might
22 might 23 have
23 have 25 effect
23 have 26 on
24 an 25 effect
26 on 28 prevention
27 the 28 prevention
28 prevention 29 of
29 of 31 senescence
30 cell 31 senescence

in this review , we will focus on the experimental and clinical evidence of ppar agonists in a battle against the aging kidney . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 will
6 will 7 focus
7 focus 8 on
7 focus 17 in
7 focus 20 against
8 on 13 evidence
9 the 13 evidence
10 experimental 11 and
11 and 12 clinical
11 and 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 of
14 of 16 agonists
15 ppar 16 agonists
17 in 19 battle
18 a 19 battle
20 against 23 kidney
21 the 23 kidney
22 aging 23 kidney

in this paper we review the effects of aging on sensory systems and their impact on posture , balance and gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 paper
4 we 5 review
5 review 7 effects
5 review 10 on
5 review 16 on
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 9 aging
10 on 13 and
11 sensory 12 systems
12 systems 13 and
13 and 15 impact
14 their 15 impact
16 on 20 and
17 posture 18 ,
18 , 19 balance
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 gait

we also address cognitive aging and attempt to specify [which] altered cognitive functions negatively impact balance [and] walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 6 and
2 also 3 address
3 address 5 aging
3 address 6 and
4 cognitive 5 aging
6 and 7 attempt
6 and 16 balance
7 attempt 8 to
7 attempt 9 specify
8 to 9 specify
9 specify 13 functions
9 specify 14 negatively
11 altered 13 functions
12 cognitive 13 functions
15 impact 16 balance
16 balance 18 walking

the role of cognition in postural control is tested with dual - task experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 8 is
3 of 4 cognition
4 cognition 5 in
5 in 7 control
6 postural 7 control
8 is 9 tested
9 tested 10 with
10 with 14 experiments
11 dual 12 -
11 dual 13 task
13 task 14 experiments

this situation results in deleterious effects due to [an] [attentional] overload . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 situation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 situation
2 situation 3 results
3 results 4 in
4 in 6 effects
5 deleterious 6 effects
6 effects 7 due
7 due 8 to
7 due 11 overload
8 to 11 overload

given the human cognitive system [has] limited capacities , we propose that simultaneously performing two tasks depends on the capacity of each individual to perform these tasks on a [continuum] [between] automatic execution to highly controlled performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 given 8 capacities
1 given 9 ,
1 given 10 we
2 the 8 capacities
3 human 8 capacities
4 cognitive 8 capacities
5 system 7 limited
7 limited 8 capacities
10 we 11 propose
11 propose 14 performing
11 propose 17 depends
12 that 13 simultaneously
13 simultaneously 14 performing
14 performing 16 tasks
14 performing 17 depends
15 two 16 tasks
17 depends 18 on
17 depends 24 to
18 on 20 capacity
19 the 20 capacity
20 capacity 21 of
21 of 23 individual
22 each 23 individual
24 to 25 perform
25 perform 27 tasks
25 perform 34 to
26 these 27 tasks
27 tasks 28 on
28 on 33 execution
29 a 33 execution
32 automatic 33 execution
34 to 37 performance
35 highly 36 controlled
36 controlled 37 performance

a level of maximum control exceeds the subject 's attentional capacity , which makes it impossible to perform both tasks simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exceeds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 6 exceeds
3 of 5 control
4 maximum 5 control
6 exceeds 11 capacity
7 the 8 subject
8 subject 9 's
9 's 11 capacity
10 attentional 11 capacity
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 makes
13 which 14 makes
14 makes 15 it
14 makes 16 impossible
16 impossible 17 to
16 impossible 18 perform
17 to 18 perform
18 perform 20 tasks
18 perform 21 simultaneously
19 both 20 tasks

the subject therefore prioritizes one of the tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subject
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prioritizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 subject
2 subject 4 prioritizes
3 therefore 4 prioritizes
4 prioritizes 5 one
5 one 6 of
6 of 8 tasks
7 the 8 tasks

we use representative dual - task studies from the literature to illustrate the relationship between the different cognitive components and their impact on the control of posture and gait in elderly subjects with altered cognitive capacities and with elderly subjects who are fallers or who have altered sensory - motor capacities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 we 2 use
2 use 7 studies
2 use 8 from
2 use 11 to
2 use 12 illustrate
3 representative 6 task
4 dual 5 -
4 dual 6 task
6 task 7 studies
8 from 10 literature
9 the 10 literature
11 to 12 illustrate
12 illustrate 14 relationship
12 illustrate 15 between
12 illustrate 23 on
13 the 14 relationship
15 between 20 and
16 the 19 components
17 different 19 components
18 cognitive 19 components
19 components 20 and
20 and 22 impact
21 their 22 impact
23 on 28 and
24 the 25 control
25 control 26 of
25 control 28 and
26 of 27 posture
28 and 29 gait
28 and 37 and
30 in 32 subjects
30 in 37 and
31 elderly 32 subjects
32 subjects 33 with
33 with 36 capacities
34 altered 36 capacities
35 cognitive 36 capacities
37 and 38 with
38 with 40 subjects
39 elderly 40 subjects
40 subjects 41 who
40 subjects 42 are
41 who 42 are
42 are 43 fallers
44 or 45 who
44 or 46 have
45 who 46 have
46 have 51 capacities
47 altered 50 motor
48 sensory 49 -
48 sensory 50 motor
50 motor 51 capacities

recently this postural - cognitive relationship was addressed with a new approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 recently 6 relationship
2 this 6 relationship
3 postural 4 -
3 postural 6 relationship
5 cognitive 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 was
7 was 8 addressed
8 addressed 9 with
9 with 12 approach
10 a 11 new
10 a 12 approach
11 new 12 approach

we report [how] cognitive training can improve dual - task management and we attempt to define the cognitive mechanisms that may be responsible for better postural balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 report
2 report 5 training
2 report 7 improve
4 cognitive 5 training
5 training 6 can
6 can 7 improve
7 improve 11 management
8 dual 9 -
8 dual 10 task
10 task 11 management
12 and 13 we
12 and 14 attempt
13 we 14 attempt
14 attempt 15 to
14 attempt 16 define
15 to 16 define
16 define 19 mechanisms
17 the 19 mechanisms
18 cognitive 19 mechanisms
19 mechanisms 20 that
19 mechanisms 22 be
19 mechanisms 23 responsible
20 that 21 may
21 may 22 be
23 responsible 24 for
24 for 27 balance
25 better 27 balance
26 postural 27 balance

objective : multimodal perception raises the issue of sensory integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 perception
2 : 5 raises
2 : 11 .
3 multimodal 4 perception
4 perception 5 raises
5 raises 7 issue
6 the 7 issue
7 issue 8 of
8 of 10 integration
9 sensory 10 integration

the aim of this study is to assess whether the visuo - haptic subjective vertical could be predicted from the visual and haptic unimodal performances , according to a bayesian model , which optimizes the reliability of the multimodal estimate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 9 whether
8 assess 28 to
9 whether 15 vertical
9 whether 18 predicted
10 the 15 vertical
11 visuo 12 -
11 visuo 15 vertical
13 haptic 15 vertical
14 subjective 15 vertical
15 vertical 16 could
16 could 17 be
17 be 18 predicted
18 predicted 19 from
19 from 25 performances
20 the 25 performances
21 visual 22 and
22 and 23 haptic
22 and 25 performances
24 unimodal 25 performances
26 , 28 to
27 according 28 to
28 to 31 model
28 to 32 ,
29 a 31 model
30 bayesian 31 model
32 , 33 which
32 , 34 optimizes
33 which 34 optimizes
34 optimizes 36 reliability
35 the 36 reliability
36 reliability 37 of
37 of 40 estimate
38 the 40 estimate
39 multimodal 40 estimate

the limits of the model were assessed by evaluating the impact of aging , cerebral damage and spatial deficits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 limits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 limits
2 limits 3 of
2 limits 6 were
3 of 5 model
4 the 5 model
6 were 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 by
8 by 9 evaluating
9 evaluating 17 and
10 the 11 impact
11 impact 12 of
11 impact 14 ,
12 of 13 aging
14 , 16 damage
14 , 17 and
15 cerebral 16 damage
17 and 19 deficits
18 spatial 19 deficits

method : young and older healthy participants , as well as patients with a right hemisphere lesion , suffering from spatial neglect [or] [not] , had to align a rod with the gravitational vertical in the visual , haptic and visuo - haptic modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 young
4 and 7 participants
4 and 26 had
5 older 7 participants
6 healthy 7 participants
7 participants 11 as
7 participants 26 had
8 , 11 as
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 12 patients
11 as 25 ,
12 patients 13 with
13 with 17 lesion
14 a 17 lesion
15 right 17 lesion
16 hemisphere 17 lesion
17 lesion 19 suffering
18 , 19 suffering
19 suffering 20 from
19 suffering 25 ,
20 from 22 neglect
21 spatial 22 neglect
26 had 27 to
27 to 28 align
28 align 40 and
29 a 30 rod
30 rod 31 with
30 rod 38 ,
31 with 34 vertical
32 the 34 vertical
33 gravitational 34 vertical
34 vertical 35 in
35 in 37 visual
36 the 37 visual
38 , 39 haptic
38 , 40 and
40 and 44 modalities
41 visuo 42 -
41 visuo 44 modalities
43 haptic 44 modalities

results : visuo - [haptic] [subjective] vertical [was] correctly [predicted] by the model in healthy participants , as well as in patients in spite of different performances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 visuo
3 visuo 7 vertical
4 - 7 vertical
7 vertical 9 correctly
7 vertical 11 by
7 vertical 14 in
7 vertical 18 as
7 vertical 28 .
11 by 13 model
12 the 13 model
14 in 16 participants
15 healthy 16 participants
17 , 18 as
18 as 19 well
18 as 28 .
19 well 20 as
19 well 25 of
20 as 21 in
21 in 22 patients
22 patients 23 in
23 in 24 spite
25 of 27 performances
26 different 27 performances

[an] anticlockwise deviation of the subjective vertical was observed in the neglect group whatever the experimental conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deviation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 anticlockwise 3 deviation
3 deviation 4 of
3 deviation 8 was
4 of 7 vertical
5 the 7 vertical
6 subjective 7 vertical
8 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
9 observed 14 whatever
10 in 13 group
11 the 13 group
12 neglect 13 group
14 whatever 15 the
14 whatever 17 conditions
15 the 17 conditions
16 experimental 17 conditions

by contrast , no deviation was observed in both [non] - neglect and healthy groups , for the visual and the visuo - haptic modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 deviation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 3 ,
1 by 5 deviation
4 no 5 deviation
5 deviation 6 was
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
8 in 9 both
11 - 15 groups
11 - 23 -
12 neglect 13 and
13 and 14 healthy
13 and 15 groups
15 groups 17 for
16 , 17 for
17 for 20 and
17 for 23 -
18 the 19 visual
19 visual 20 and
20 and 22 visuo
21 the 22 visuo
23 - 25 modalities
23 - 26 .
24 haptic 25 modalities

nevertheless , the haptic subjective vertical [was] deviated [,] anticlockwise in the [non] [-] neglect patients and older healthy adults , and [clockwise] in the young healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vertical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 deviated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 6 vertical
3 the 6 vertical
4 haptic 6 vertical
5 subjective 6 vertical
6 vertical 8 deviated
8 deviated 10 anticlockwise
8 deviated 22 and
11 in 17 and
11 in 22 and
12 the 16 patients
15 neglect 16 patients
16 patients 17 and
17 and 20 adults
18 older 20 adults
19 healthy 20 adults
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 in
24 in 28 adults
25 the 28 adults
26 young 28 adults
27 healthy 28 adults

moreover , the variance was the smallest in the bimodal condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 variance
3 the 4 variance
4 variance 5 was
5 was 7 smallest
6 the 7 smallest
7 smallest 8 in
8 in 11 condition
9 the 11 condition
10 bimodal 11 condition

conclusion : the integration of visual and haptic signals appeared to obey a bayesian model optimizing the reliability of the multimodal estimate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 integration
2 : 10 appeared
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 integration
4 integration 5 of
4 integration 10 appeared
5 of 9 signals
6 visual 7 and
7 and 8 haptic
7 and 9 signals
10 appeared 11 to
10 appeared 12 obey
11 to 12 obey
12 obey 15 model
13 a 15 model
14 bayesian 15 model
15 model 16 optimizing
16 optimizing 18 reliability
17 the 18 reliability
18 reliability 19 of
19 of 22 estimate
20 the 22 estimate
21 multimodal 22 estimate

this holds true [despite] of aging , brain damage or visuospatial disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 holds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 holds
2 holds 10 or
3 true 5 of
3 true 7 ,
5 of 6 aging
7 , 9 damage
7 , 10 or
8 brain 9 damage
10 or 12 disorders
11 visuospatial 12 disorders

regarding the perception of the vertical , multisensory integration does not seem thus to depend only on right posterior cortical areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 regarding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 regarding 3 perception
1 regarding 10 does
2 the 3 perception
3 perception 4 of
4 of 9 integration
5 the 9 integration
6 vertical 7 ,
6 vertical 9 integration
8 multisensory 9 integration
10 does 11 not
10 does 12 seem
12 seem 14 to
12 seem 15 depend
13 thus 14 to
14 to 15 depend
15 depend 16 only
16 only 17 on
17 on 21 areas
18 right 21 areas
19 posterior 21 areas
20 cortical 21 areas

objective : to determine whether men with klinefelter [syndrome] ( ks ) have the same phenotype as men with mosaic ks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 22 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 6 men
5 whether 13 have
6 men 7 with
6 men 11 ks
6 men 13 have
7 with 8 klinefelter
10 ( 11 ks
11 ks 12 )
13 have 16 phenotype
13 have 17 as
13 have 19 with
14 the 15 same
15 same 16 phenotype
17 as 18 men
19 with 21 ks
20 mosaic 21 ks

design : subject identification via prospectively collected database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subject
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 subject
3 subject 4 identification
3 subject 5 via
5 via 8 database
6 prospectively 7 collected
7 collected 8 database

setting : male infertility specialty clinic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 clinic
2 : 7 .
3 male 4 infertility
4 infertility 6 clinic
5 specialty 6 clinic

patient ( s ) : men undergoing a fertility evaluation from 2005 to 2012 at a single male infertility specialty clinic and having [a] karyotype demonstrating ks ( mosaic or [non] [-] mosaic ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 patient 3 s
1 patient 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 men
6 men 7 undergoing
7 undergoing 10 evaluation
8 a 10 evaluation
9 fertility 10 evaluation
10 evaluation 13 to
10 evaluation 25 karyotype
10 evaluation 26 demonstrating
11 from 13 to
12 2005 13 to
13 to 14 2012
13 to 15 at
13 to 25 karyotype
15 at 22 and
16 a 17 single
16 a 21 clinic
17 single 18 male
18 male 21 clinic
19 infertility 21 clinic
20 specialty 21 clinic
21 clinic 22 and
22 and 23 having
26 demonstrating 27 ks
27 ks 30 or
28 ( 30 or
29 mosaic 30 or
30 or 33 mosaic
30 or 34 )

intervention ( s ) : none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 intervention 3 s
1 intervention 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 none

main outcome measure ( s ) : testicular size , and semen and hormone parameters , genetic evaluation , and signs of testosterone ( t ) deficiency using validated questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measure
3 measure 5 s
3 measure 7 :
4 ( 5 s
5 s 6 )
7 : 20 and
7 : 28 using
8 testicular 9 size
9 size 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 semen
11 and 13 and
13 and 15 parameters
13 and 16 ,
14 hormone 15 parameters
16 , 18 evaluation
16 , 20 and
17 genetic 18 evaluation
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 signs
21 signs 22 of
22 of 27 deficiency
23 testosterone 25 t
23 testosterone 27 deficiency
24 ( 25 t
25 t 26 )
28 using 30 questionnaires
29 validated 30 questionnaires

result ( s ) : of 86 men identified with ks , 6 ( 6.7 % ) were mosaic ks , and 80 ( 93.3 % ) were [non] [-] mosaic ks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 result 3 s
1 result 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 of
5 : 10 with
6 of 8 men
7 86 8 men
8 men 9 identified
10 with 11 ks
12 , 13 6
12 , 18 were
12 , 22 and
13 6 16 %
13 6 18 were
14 ( 16 %
15 6.7 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 were 20 ks
19 mosaic 20 ks
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 80
22 and 28 were
23 80 26 %
23 80 28 were
24 ( 26 %
25 93.3 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 were 32 ks
31 mosaic 32 ks

a higher proportion of men with mosaic ks had sperm in the [ejaculate] [:] 3 ( 50 % ) of 6 versus 3 ( 3.75 % ) of 80 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 3 proportion
2 higher 3 proportion
3 proportion 4 of
3 proportion 9 had
4 of 5 men
5 men 6 with
6 with 8 ks
7 mosaic 8 ks
9 had 10 sperm
10 sperm 11 in
10 sperm 20 of
11 in 15 3
12 the 15 3
15 3 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 50 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 of 21 6
21 6 22 versus
21 6 28 of
22 versus 23 3
23 3 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 3.75 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 of 29 80

the sexual health inventory for men ( shim ) and androgen deficiency in the aging male ( adam ) questionnaire scores were not different between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 8 shim
2 sexual 3 health
3 health 4 inventory
4 inventory 5 for
4 inventory 8 shim
5 for 6 men
7 ( 8 shim
8 shim 9 )
8 shim 10 and
10 and 12 deficiency
10 and 13 in
10 and 22 were
11 androgen 12 deficiency
13 in 21 scores
14 the 21 scores
15 aging 16 male
16 male 18 adam
17 ( 18 adam
18 adam 19 )
18 adam 21 scores
20 questionnaire 21 scores
22 were 23 not
22 were 24 different
24 different 25 between
25 between 26 groups

conclusion ( s ) : men with mosaic ks [seem] to be more well androgenized than their [non] [-] mosaic ks counterparts , both with respect to hormones and sperm [in] [the] ejaculate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusion 3 s
1 conclusion 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 men
5 : 7 with
5 : 11 to
7 with 9 ks
8 mosaic 9 ks
11 to 12 be
12 be 14 well
12 be 15 androgenized
13 more 14 well
15 androgenized 16 than
16 than 22 counterparts
17 their 22 counterparts
20 mosaic 22 counterparts
21 ks 22 counterparts
23 , 24 both
23 , 33 ejaculate
24 both 25 with
24 both 33 ejaculate
25 with 29 and
26 respect 27 to
26 respect 29 and
27 to 28 hormones
29 and 30 sperm

objective : encouraging physical activity is an important public health measure to reduce disability prevalence in the aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 5 activity
2 : 6 is
3 encouraging 5 activity
4 physical 5 activity
5 activity 6 is
6 is 11 measure
6 is 12 to
7 an 11 measure
8 important 9 public
9 public 11 measure
10 health 11 measure
12 to 13 reduce
13 reduce 15 prevalence
13 reduce 16 in
14 disability 15 prevalence
16 in 18 aged
17 the 18 aged

the aims of this study were to determine the association between midlife physical activity and late - life disability and to investigate gender - specific differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 20 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 determine
6 were 20 and
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 association
8 determine 11 between
9 the 10 association
11 between 15 and
12 midlife 14 activity
13 physical 14 activity
14 activity 15 and
15 and 19 disability
16 late 17 -
16 late 18 life
18 life 19 disability
20 and 21 to
20 and 22 investigate
21 to 22 investigate
22 investigate 23 gender
24 - 26 differences
24 - 27 .
25 specific 26 differences

method : this data originates from the kora - age cohort , [a] follow - up in 2008 of the monica ( multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular diseases )/kora ( cooperative health research in the region of augsburg [ )(s1 - s4 surveys ( 1984 - 2001 ) situated in augsburg , a city in southern germany . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 9 -
3 this 4 data
4 data 5 originates
5 originates 6 from
6 from 8 kora
7 the 8 kora
9 - 11 cohort
9 - 12 ,
9 - 15 -
10 age 11 cohort
12 , 14 follow
15 - 27 and
16 up 27 and
17 in 18 2008
17 in 27 and
19 of 21 monica
19 of 27 and
20 the 21 monica
22 ( 23 multinational
23 multinational 27 and
24 monitoring 25 of
24 monitoring 27 and
25 of 26 trends
27 and 28 determinants
27 and 29 in
27 and 32 )/kora
29 in 31 diseases
30 cardiovascular 31 diseases
32 )/kora 44 -
33 ( 44 -
34 cooperative 35 health
35 health 36 research
36 research 37 in
36 research 40 of
36 research 44 -
37 in 39 region
38 the 39 region
40 of 43 )(s1
41 augsburg 43 )(s1
44 - 45 s4
45 s4 46 surveys
45 s4 52 situated
45 s4 57 city
46 surveys 49 -
46 surveys 52 situated
47 ( 49 -
48 1984 49 -
49 - 50 2001
49 - 51 )
52 situated 53 in
53 in 54 augsburg
55 , 57 city
56 a 57 city
57 city 58 in
57 city 61 .
58 in 60 germany
59 southern 60 germany

we applied a multivariable hurdle model to investigate the association of physical activity and disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 6 model
2 applied 7 to
3 a 4 multivariable
3 a 6 model
4 multivariable 5 hurdle
5 hurdle 6 model
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 association
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 physical 13 activity
13 activity 14 and
14 and 15 disability

results : we analysed 3333 persons with a mean follow - up [of] 18±5.5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analysed
2 : 11 -
3 we 4 analysed
4 analysed 6 persons
4 analysed 10 follow
5 3333 6 persons
6 persons 7 with
6 persons 10 follow
7 with 9 mean
8 a 9 mean
11 - 12 up
11 - 16 .
12 up 15 years
14 18±5.5 15 years

using hurdle models , moderate activity and high activity had a protective effect on the occurrence of disability ( or ( odds ratio )=0.80 [and] 0.73 ) , but not on severity ( i.e [.] number [of] limitations ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 using 3 models
1 using 4 ,
1 using 7 and
2 hurdle 3 models
5 moderate 6 activity
6 activity 7 and
7 and 9 activity
7 and 10 had
8 high 9 activity
10 had 13 effect
10 had 14 on
10 had 29 but
10 had 31 on
11 a 12 protective
11 a 13 effect
12 protective 13 effect
14 on 16 occurrence
15 the 16 occurrence
16 occurrence 17 of
16 occurrence 20 or
17 of 18 disability
19 ( 20 or
20 or 24 )=0.80
20 or 28 ,
21 ( 24 )=0.80
22 odds 23 ratio
23 ratio 24 )=0.80
24 )=0.80 26 0.73
24 )=0.80 27 )
29 but 30 not
31 on 32 severity
32 severity 38 limitations
33 ( 38 limitations
34 i.e 36 number
36 number 38 limitations
38 limitations 39 )

we observed a strong gender - specific [difference] in this association , with men benefitting more from exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 5 gender
2 observed 13 with
3 a 4 strong
3 a 5 gender
4 strong 5 gender
5 gender 7 specific
6 - 7 specific
7 specific 9 in
7 specific 12 ,
9 in 11 association
10 this 11 association
13 with 14 men
14 men 15 benefitting
15 benefitting 16 more
15 benefitting 17 from
17 from 18 exercise

conclusion : elevated physical activity reduces the risk of becoming disabled and postpones the onset of disability by several years , but we could not show an effect on the severity of disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 activity
3 elevated 5 activity
4 physical 5 activity
5 activity 12 and
5 activity 16 of
5 activity 18 by
6 reduces 8 risk
6 reduces 12 and
7 the 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 becoming
10 becoming 11 disabled
12 and 13 postpones
12 and 15 onset
14 the 15 onset
16 of 17 disability
18 by 20 years
19 several 20 years
21 , 22 but
22 but 23 we
22 but 26 show
23 we 24 could
24 could 25 not
24 could 26 show
26 show 28 effect
26 show 29 on
27 an 28 effect
29 on 31 severity
30 the 31 severity
31 severity 32 of
32 of 33 disability

in addition , men seem to benefit more from leisure [-] time physical activity than women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 men
4 men 5 seem
5 seem 6 to
5 seem 7 benefit
6 to 7 benefit
7 benefit 8 more
7 benefit 9 from
7 benefit 15 than
9 from 14 activity
10 leisure 14 activity
12 time 14 activity
13 physical 14 activity
15 than 16 women

objective : to evaluate the temporal association between depression symptoms and cognitive function in older adults over a 4 [-] year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 association
5 the 7 association
6 temporal 7 association
7 association 8 between
7 association 14 in
8 between 11 and
9 depression 10 symptoms
10 symptoms 11 and
11 and 13 function
12 cognitive 13 function
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 over
17 over 22 period
18 a 22 period
19 4 21 year
21 year 22 period

methods : using a longitudinal , cross [-] lagged , population - based design , we studied depression symptoms and cognitive domains ( including processing speed , verbal fluency , face and word recognition , episodic memory , and simple and choice reaction time ) in 896 community - dwelling adults aged 70 - 97 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 using
2 : 10 ,
3 using 7 cross
3 using 9 lagged
4 a 7 cross
5 longitudinal 6 ,
5 longitudinal 7 cross
10 , 11 population
10 , 12 -
12 - 14 design
12 - 15 ,
12 - 17 studied
13 based 14 design
15 , 16 we
16 we 17 studied
17 studied 20 and
18 depression 19 symptoms
19 symptoms 20 and
20 and 21 cognitive
20 and 22 domains
20 and 32 and
22 domains 24 including
22 domains 32 and
23 ( 24 including
24 including 26 speed
24 including 30 ,
25 processing 26 speed
26 speed 29 fluency
27 , 29 fluency
28 verbal 29 fluency
29 fluency 30 ,
31 face 32 and
32 and 33 word
33 word 39 and
34 recognition 35 ,
35 , 37 memory
35 , 39 and
36 episodic 37 memory
38 , 39 and
39 and 44 time
39 and 45 )
39 and 46 in
39 and 51 adults
40 simple 41 and
41 and 42 choice
41 and 44 time
43 reaction 44 time
46 in 48 community
47 896 48 community
49 - 51 adults
50 dwelling 51 adults
51 adults 52 aged
51 adults 56 years
51 adults 57 .
52 aged 53 70
54 - 56 years
55 97 56 years
56 years 57 .

results : cross - lagged structural equation models suggested that initial depression symptoms affected subsequent processing speed and simple and choice reaction time but that cognition did not predict depression symptoms over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 18 and
4 - 34 .
5 lagged 8 models
5 lagged 18 and
6 structural 7 equation
7 equation 8 models
8 models 9 suggested
8 models 10 that
8 models 11 initial
10 that 11 initial
11 initial 13 symptoms
12 depression 13 symptoms
13 symptoms 14 affected
13 symptoms 16 processing
14 affected 15 subsequent
16 processing 17 speed
18 and 29 predict
19 simple 20 and
20 and 21 choice
20 and 26 cognition
21 choice 23 time
21 choice 24 but
22 reaction 23 time
24 but 25 that
26 cognition 27 did
27 did 28 not
27 did 29 predict
29 predict 31 symptoms
29 predict 32 over
30 depression 31 symptoms
32 over 33 time

the associations between depression and cognitive variables were attenuated when the models were adjusted for sensory impairment , physical health , and locus of control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 between
2 associations 5 and
3 between 4 depression
5 and 7 variables
5 and 8 were
6 cognitive 7 variables
8 were 9 attenuated
9 attenuated 10 when
10 when 12 models
10 when 14 adjusted
11 the 12 models
12 models 13 were
13 were 14 adjusted
14 adjusted 15 for
15 for 22 and
16 sensory 17 impairment
17 impairment 18 ,
18 , 20 health
18 , 22 and
19 physical 20 health
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 locus
22 and 24 of
24 of 25 control

conclusion : the findings suggest that , causally , depression precedes cognitive impairment in this age group and that the association is related to physical health and perceptions of a lack of control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 7 ,
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
7 , 10 depression
7 , 11 precedes
8 causally 9 ,
8 causally 10 depression
10 depression 11 precedes
11 precedes 13 impairment
11 precedes 14 in
12 cognitive 13 impairment
14 in 16 age
15 this 16 age
16 age 18 and
16 age 23 related
17 group 18 and
18 and 19 that
18 and 21 association
18 and 22 is
18 and 23 related
20 the 21 association
21 association 22 is
23 related 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 physical 26 health
26 health 27 and
27 and 28 perceptions
27 and 29 of
29 of 31 lack
30 a 31 lack
31 lack 32 of
32 of 33 control

habitual consumption of dairy products has been shown to play an important role in the prevention of several chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 habitual 2 consumption
2 consumption 3 of
2 consumption 6 has
3 of 5 products
4 dairy 5 products
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
9 to 10 play
10 play 13 role
10 play 14 in
11 an 12 important
11 an 13 role
12 important 13 role
14 in 16 prevention
15 the 16 prevention
16 prevention 17 of
17 of 20 diseases
18 several 20 diseases
19 chronic 20 diseases

we aimed to prospectively assess the relationship between the change in dairy product consumption ( both regular fat and low/reduced fat ) and the 15 [-] year incidence of age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 5 assess
3 to 5 assess
4 prospectively 5 assess
5 assess 7 relationship
5 assess 11 in
6 the 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
8 between 10 change
9 the 10 change
11 in 14 consumption
12 dairy 14 consumption
13 product 14 consumption
14 consumption 23 and
15 ( 23 and
16 both 23 and
17 regular 18 fat
18 fat 19 and
19 and 21 fat
19 and 22 )
19 and 23 and
20 low/reduced 21 fat
23 and 28 incidence
23 and 29 of
23 and 31 -
24 the 28 incidence
25 15 27 year
27 year 28 incidence
29 of 30 age
31 - 32 related
32 related 34 degeneration
32 related 38 .
33 macular 34 degeneration
34 degeneration 36 amd
35 ( 36 amd
36 amd 37 )

in the blue mountains eye study , 2037 participants aged 49 years [or] above at baseline were [re] - examined at [follow] - up in 1997 - 9 , 2002 - 4 and/or 2007 - 9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 6 study
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 participants
2 the 6 study
3 blue 4 mountains
4 mountains 5 eye
5 eye 6 study
8 2037 9 participants
9 participants 10 aged
9 participants 17 were
10 aged 14 above
10 aged 15 at
11 49 12 years
12 years 14 above
15 at 16 baseline
17 were 20 examined
17 were 31 -
17 were 33 and/or
19 - 20 examined
20 examined 21 at
20 examined 25 in
20 examined 29 ,
21 at 24 up
23 - 24 up
25 in 27 -
26 1997 27 -
27 - 28 9
30 2002 31 -
31 - 32 4
33 and/or 34 2007
34 2007 35 -
35 - 36 9

amd was assessed from retinal photographs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 amd 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 from
4 from 6 photographs
5 retinal 6 photographs

dietary data were collected using a semi - quantitative ffq , and servings of dairy product consumption calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 dietary 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 collected
4 collected 5 using
4 collected 18 calculated
5 using 12 and
6 a 7 semi
6 a 10 ffq
7 semi 8 -
7 semi 10 ffq
9 quantitative 10 ffq
10 ffq 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 servings
12 and 14 of
14 of 17 consumption
15 dairy 17 consumption
16 product 17 consumption

over the 15 - [year] follow - up , there were 352 , 268 and eighty - four incident cases of any , early and late amd , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 over 3 15
1 over 4 -
1 over 6 follow
2 the 3 15
6 follow 8 up
7 - 8 up
8 up 9 ,
9 , 10 there
9 , 11 were
10 there 11 were
11 were 12 352
11 were 29 respectively
12 352 15 and
12 352 20 cases
12 352 27 amd
13 , 15 and
14 268 15 and
15 and 16 eighty
15 and 17 -
17 - 20 cases
18 four 20 cases
19 incident 20 cases
20 cases 21 of
20 cases 23 ,
21 of 22 any
23 , 27 amd
24 early 25 and
25 and 26 late
25 and 27 amd
27 amd 28 ,

after adjusting [for] age , sex , current smoking , white cell count and fish consumption , a significant linear trend [(] p for trend = 0·003 [ )(was observed with decreasing consumption of total dairy foods and the 15 [-] year incidence of late amd , comparing the lowest [v] [.] highest quintile of intake ( or 2·80 , 95 % ci 1·21 , 3·04 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 4 age
5 , 6 sex
5 , 7 ,
7 , 9 smoking
7 , 10 ,
8 current 9 smoking
10 , 14 and
10 , 17 ,
11 white 13 count
12 cell 13 count
13 count 14 and
14 and 16 consumption
15 fish 16 consumption
17 , 27 0·003
18 a 19 significant
18 a 27 0·003
19 significant 21 trend
20 linear 21 trend
21 trend 23 p
21 trend 24 for
21 trend 26 =
24 for 25 trend
27 0·003 29 )(was
29 )(was 30 observed
30 observed 31 with
31 with 38 and
32 decreasing 33 consumption
33 consumption 34 of
33 consumption 38 and
34 of 37 foods
35 total 37 foods
36 dairy 37 foods
38 and 43 incidence
38 and 48 comparing
39 the 43 incidence
40 15 43 incidence
42 year 43 incidence
43 incidence 44 of
44 of 46 amd
45 late 46 amd
47 , 48 comparing
48 comparing 53 highest
49 the 50 lowest
49 the 53 highest
53 highest 64 1·21
54 quintile 55 of
55 of 56 intake
56 intake 59 2·80
57 ( 59 2·80
58 or 59 2·80
59 2·80 60 ,
60 , 64 1·21
61 95 62 %
62 % 64 1·21
63 ci 64 1·21
64 1·21 66 3·04
64 1·21 68 .
65 , 66 3·04
66 3·04 67 )

over the 15 years , decreased consumption of reduced [-] fat dairy foods was associated with an increased risk of incident late amd , comparing the lowest [to] highest quintile of intake ( or 3·10 , 95 % ci 1·18 , 8·14 [,] p for trend = 0·04 [ )( 
1 over 4 years
1 over 7 consumption
2 the 4 years
3 15 4 years
4 years 6 decreased
5 , 6 decreased
7 consumption 8 of
7 consumption 14 was
8 of 13 foods
9 reduced 11 fat
11 fat 13 foods
12 dairy 13 foods
14 was 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 19 risk
17 an 19 risk
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
19 risk 25 comparing
20 of 23 amd
21 incident 23 amd
22 late 23 amd
24 , 25 comparing
25 comparing 30 quintile
26 the 27 lowest
26 the 29 highest
26 the 30 quintile
30 quintile 31 of
30 quintile 35 3·10
30 quintile 39 ci
31 of 32 intake
33 ( 35 3·10
34 or 35 3·10
35 3·10 36 ,
36 , 39 ci
37 95 39 ci
38 % 39 ci
39 ci 42 8·14
39 ci 48 0·04
39 ci 50 )(
40 1·18 41 ,
40 1·18 42 8·14
42 8·14 44 p
42 8·14 45 for
42 8·14 47 =
45 for 46 trend
47 = 48 0·04

decreasing total dietary ca intake over the 15 years was also associated with an increased risk of developing incident late amd ( multivariable - adjusted [p] for trend [=] 0·03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decreasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
1 decreasing 5 intake
1 decreasing 10 was
2 total 5 intake
3 dietary 5 intake
4 ca 5 intake
5 intake 6 over
6 over 9 years
7 the 8 15
8 15 9 years
10 was 11 also
10 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 16 risk
14 an 16 risk
15 increased 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 18 developing
18 developing 21 amd
19 incident 21 amd
20 late 21 amd
21 amd 23 multivariable
22 ( 23 multivariable
23 multivariable 25 adjusted
23 multivariable 32 .
24 - 25 adjusted
25 adjusted 27 for
25 adjusted 31 )
27 for 30 0·03
28 trend 30 0·03

[a] lower consumption of dairy products ( regular and low fat ) and ca was independently associated with a higher risk of developing incident late amd in the long term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 lower 3 consumption
3 consumption 4 of
3 consumption 11 fat
4 of 6 products
5 dairy 6 products
7 ( 11 fat
8 regular 9 and
9 and 10 low
9 and 11 fat
11 fat 12 )
13 and 14 ca
13 and 17 associated
14 ca 15 was
15 was 17 associated
16 independently 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 risk
19 a 21 risk
20 higher 21 risk
21 risk 22 of
22 of 23 developing
23 developing 26 amd
23 developing 27 in
24 incident 26 amd
25 late 26 amd
27 in 30 term
28 the 30 term
29 long 30 term

additional cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 additional 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 studies
3 studies 4 are
4 are 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 confirm
7 confirm 9 findings
8 these 9 findings

objective : this research uses the quality - adjusted life expectancy ( qale ) [method] to assess the qale changes of rural residents before and after introducing telemedicine health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 research
2 : 5 uses
2 : 31 .
3 this 4 research
4 research 5 uses
5 uses 7 quality
5 uses 16 to
5 uses 25 and
6 the 7 quality
7 quality 11 expectancy
8 - 11 expectancy
9 adjusted 11 expectancy
10 life 11 expectancy
11 expectancy 13 qale
11 expectancy 14 )
12 ( 13 qale
13 qale 14 )
16 to 17 assess
17 assess 20 changes
18 the 20 changes
19 qale 20 changes
20 changes 21 of
21 of 23 residents
22 rural 23 residents
24 before 25 and
25 and 26 after
26 after 27 introducing
27 introducing 30 services
28 telemedicine 30 services
29 health 30 services

materials and methods : based on taiwan 's experiences of telemedicine provision over the period 1995 - 2004 , this representative of a national sample is composed of 85 cases for people living in penghu county , a remote area in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 5 based
5 based 6 on
5 based 13 over
5 based 17 -
6 on 9 experiences
7 taiwan 8 's
8 's 9 experiences
9 experiences 10 of
10 of 12 provision
11 telemedicine 12 provision
13 over 15 period
14 the 15 period
16 1995 17 -
17 - 18 2004
19 , 21 representative
19 , 27 composed
20 this 21 representative
21 representative 22 of
21 representative 26 is
22 of 25 sample
23 a 24 national
23 a 25 sample
24 national 25 sample
26 is 27 composed
27 composed 28 of
28 of 30 cases
29 85 30 cases
30 cases 31 for
30 cases 33 living
30 cases 40 area
31 for 32 people
33 living 34 in
34 in 36 county
35 penghu 36 county
37 , 40 area
38 a 39 remote
38 a 40 area
39 remote 40 area
40 area 41 in
40 area 43 .
41 in 42 taiwan

cases were evaluated using persons with life expectancy at birth from 85 to 0 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 cases 2 were
2 were 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 using
3 evaluated 6 with
3 evaluated 9 at
4 using 5 persons
6 with 8 expectancy
7 life 8 expectancy
9 at 15 years
10 birth 13 to
10 birth 15 years
11 from 13 to
12 85 13 to
13 to 14 0

results : the provision of telemedicine health services increased rural population qale by 2.91 quality - adjusted life years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 provision
2 : 9 increased
3 the 4 provision
4 provision 5 of
4 provision 9 increased
5 of 8 services
6 telemedicine 8 services
7 health 8 services
9 increased 12 qale
9 increased 13 by
10 rural 11 population
11 population 12 qale
13 by 15 quality
14 2.91 15 quality
15 quality 19 years
16 - 19 years
17 adjusted 18 life
18 life 19 years
19 years 20 .

telemedicine provision does improve rural residents ' health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 telemedicine 2 provision
2 provision 3 does
3 does 4 improve
4 improve 9 status
5 rural 6 residents
6 residents 7 '
7 ' 9 status
8 health 9 status

relative to the index population living in taipei , the capital of taiwan , the survival ratios of the population of concern >65 years decreased faster and were less than those of the index population >65 years by at least 7 [%] and 3 % , respectively , before and after introducing telemedicine health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 >65
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 relative 2 to
1 relative 7 in
1 relative 14 ,
1 relative 17 ratios
2 to 5 population
3 the 5 population
4 index 5 population
5 population 6 living
7 in 8 taipei
8 taipei 11 capital
9 , 11 capital
10 the 11 capital
11 capital 12 of
11 capital 14 ,
12 of 13 taiwan
15 the 17 ratios
16 survival 17 ratios
17 ratios 18 of
17 ratios 23 >65
18 of 20 population
19 the 20 population
20 population 21 of
21 of 22 concern
23 >65 24 years
23 >65 50 and
24 years 27 and
25 decreased 26 faster
25 decreased 27 and
27 and 28 were
27 and 37 years
27 and 47 respectively
28 were 29 less
28 were 30 than
30 than 31 those
31 those 32 of
32 of 36 >65
33 the 36 >65
34 index 35 population
35 population 36 >65
37 years 38 by
38 by 45 %
39 at 40 least
40 least 43 and
41 7 43 and
43 and 44 3
43 and 45 %
46 , 47 respectively
47 respectively 48 ,
49 before 50 and
50 and 51 after
51 after 52 introducing
52 introducing 55 services
53 telemedicine 55 services
54 health 55 services

conclusions : it appears that the needs for telemedicine health services increased along with the aging of our society in rural and underserved regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 appears
2 : 25 .
3 it 4 appears
4 appears 5 that
5 that 7 needs
5 that 12 increased
6 the 7 needs
7 needs 8 for
7 needs 12 increased
8 for 11 services
9 telemedicine 11 services
10 health 11 services
12 increased 14 with
12 increased 20 in
13 along 14 with
14 with 16 aging
15 the 16 aging
16 aging 17 of
17 of 19 society
18 our 19 society
20 in 24 regions
21 rural 22 and
22 and 23 underserved
22 and 24 regions

aging is the strongest risk factor [for] cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 9 decline
3 the 4 strongest
3 the 9 decline
5 risk 9 decline
6 factor 9 decline
8 cognitive 9 decline

the perimenopausal period puts women in a more vulnerable state in regard to certain functions such as memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 period
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 puts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 period
2 perimenopausal 3 period
3 period 4 puts
4 puts 5 women
4 puts 6 in
4 puts 11 in
4 puts 13 to
6 in 10 state
7 a 10 state
8 more 9 vulnerable
9 vulnerable 10 state
11 in 12 regard
13 to 15 functions
14 certain 15 functions
15 functions 17 as
16 such 17 as
17 as 18 memory

also , the women 's health initiative memory study ( whims ) pointed at some cognitive adverse effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy , but these results were not relevant for the peri - and early menopause since whims recruited women above the age of 65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 at
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 9 study
1 also 14 at
3 the 4 women
4 women 5 's
5 's 9 study
6 health 7 initiative
7 initiative 8 memory
8 memory 9 study
9 study 11 whims
9 study 14 at
10 ( 11 whims
11 whims 12 )
13 pointed 14 at
14 at 18 effects
15 some 18 effects
16 cognitive 18 effects
17 adverse 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 22 therapy
20 postmenopausal 21 hormone
21 hormone 22 therapy
23 , 24 but
24 but 26 results
24 but 27 were
25 these 26 results
26 results 27 were
27 were 28 not
27 were 29 relevant
28 not 29 relevant
29 relevant 30 for
29 relevant 37 since
29 relevant 41 above
30 for 34 and
31 the 32 peri
32 peri 34 and
33 - 34 and
34 and 36 menopause
35 early 36 menopause
37 since 38 whims
37 since 39 recruited
38 whims 39 recruited
39 recruited 40 women
41 above 43 age
42 the 43 age
43 age 44 of
44 of 46 years
45 65 46 years

the ['] window of opportunity ['] theory , pointing at potential protective effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy in the early menopause , mainly applies to coronary artery disease , but clinical data on neuroprotection by estrogen are not consistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 window
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 applies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 window
3 window 4 of
3 window 9 pointing
3 window 24 applies
4 of 7 theory
5 opportunity 7 theory
8 , 9 pointing
9 pointing 10 at
9 pointing 18 in
9 pointing 22 ,
10 at 13 effects
11 potential 13 effects
12 protective 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 17 therapy
15 postmenopausal 16 hormone
16 hormone 17 therapy
18 in 21 menopause
19 the 21 menopause
20 early 21 menopause
23 mainly 24 applies
24 applies 25 to
25 to 28 disease
26 coronary 27 artery
27 artery 28 disease
29 , 30 but
30 but 32 data
30 but 37 are
31 clinical 32 data
32 data 33 on
32 data 35 by
32 data 37 are
33 on 34 neuroprotection
35 by 36 estrogen
37 are 38 not
37 are 39 consistent

in view of a recent publication , the following article discusses the issue [of] menopause and cognitive decline , with a focus on possible associations [with] surgical [menopause] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 discusses
1 in 2 view
1 in 7 ,
1 in 10 article
2 view 3 of
3 of 6 publication
4 a 5 recent
4 a 6 publication
5 recent 6 publication
8 the 9 following
8 the 10 article
10 article 11 discusses
11 discusses 16 and
11 discusses 20 with
12 the 15 menopause
13 issue 15 menopause
15 menopause 16 and
16 and 18 decline
17 cognitive 18 decline
19 , 20 with
20 with 22 focus
20 with 27 surgical
20 with 29 .
21 a 22 focus
22 focus 23 on
23 on 25 associations
24 possible 25 associations

purpose : this study explored the risk factors , cut - off points , sensitivity , specificity , positive predictive values , and negative predictive values of physical performance testing among community [-] dwelling frail elderly people in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 explored
4 study 7 risk
4 study 8 factors
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 factors
8 factors 10 cut
8 factors 12 off
8 factors 31 among
9 , 10 cut
10 cut 11 -
12 off 23 and
13 points 14 ,
14 , 15 sensitivity
14 , 16 ,
16 , 17 specificity
16 , 18 ,
18 , 21 values
18 , 23 and
19 positive 21 values
20 predictive 21 values
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 values
24 negative 26 values
25 predictive 26 values
26 values 27 of
27 of 30 testing
28 physical 30 testing
29 performance 30 testing
31 among 37 people
32 community 34 dwelling
34 dwelling 37 people
35 frail 37 people
36 elderly 37 people
37 people 38 in
38 in 39 taiwan

organizing construct : the empirical measurement of frailty is based on the following five indicators : weight loss , weakness , exhaustion , slow responses , and minimal physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 construct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 organizing 2 construct
3 : 6 measurement
3 : 10 based
3 : 16 :
3 : 21 ,
4 the 6 measurement
5 empirical 6 measurement
6 measurement 7 of
6 measurement 9 is
7 of 8 frailty
9 is 10 based
10 based 11 on
11 on 15 indicators
12 the 13 following
12 the 14 five
14 five 15 indicators
16 : 17 weight
16 : 19 ,
17 weight 18 loss
19 , 20 weakness
21 , 27 and
22 exhaustion 23 ,
23 , 25 responses
23 , 27 and
24 slow 25 responses
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 activity
28 minimal 30 activity
29 physical 30 activity

the frail phenotype is considered present if three [or] more of the indicators are observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 phenotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 phenotype
2 frail 3 phenotype
3 phenotype 4 is
4 is 5 considered
5 considered 6 present
6 present 7 if
7 if 10 more
7 if 15 observed
8 three 10 more
10 more 11 of
10 more 14 are
11 of 13 indicators
12 the 13 indicators
14 are 15 observed

meanwhile , a short battery of physical performance tests was conducted to assess the balance , mobility , and flexibility among elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 battery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 5 battery
3 a 4 short
3 a 5 battery
4 short 5 battery
5 battery 6 of
5 battery 10 was
6 of 9 tests
7 physical 8 performance
8 performance 9 tests
10 was 11 conducted
11 conducted 12 to
11 conducted 21 among
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 19 and
14 the 15 balance
15 balance 16 ,
16 , 17 mobility
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 flexibility
21 among 23 people
22 elderly 23 people

methods : a cross - sectional research design was executed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 8 design
5 - 10 executed
5 - 11 .
6 sectional 7 research
7 research 8 design
8 design 9 was
9 was 10 executed

participants were evaluated using a short battery of physical performance tests to assess their physical performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 using
4 using 7 battery
4 using 12 to
4 using 13 assess
5 a 7 battery
6 short 7 battery
7 battery 8 of
8 of 11 tests
9 physical 10 performance
10 performance 11 tests
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 16 performance
14 their 16 performance
15 physical 16 performance

multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) analyses were performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 multivariate 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 and
4 and 5 receiver
4 and 6 operating
4 and 12 were
6 operating 11 analyses
7 characteristic 9 roc
7 characteristic 11 analyses
8 ( 9 roc
9 roc 10 )
12 were 13 performed

findings : the logistic regression results showed that the factors significantly correlated to frailty included falls in the previous year , smoking , hypertension , and bone and joint disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 logistic
2 : 16 falls
2 : 21 ,
3 the 4 logistic
4 logistic 6 results
4 logistic 12 correlated
4 logistic 16 falls
5 regression 6 results
6 results 7 showed
7 showed 8 that
8 that 10 factors
8 that 12 correlated
9 the 10 factors
10 factors 12 correlated
11 significantly 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 to
13 to 14 frailty
14 frailty 15 included
16 falls 17 in
16 falls 20 year
18 the 19 previous
19 previous 20 year
21 , 28 and
22 smoking 23 ,
23 , 24 hypertension
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 bone
26 and 28 and
28 and 30 disease
29 joint 30 disease

physical performance test scores were analyzed using the roc curves to discriminate frailty statuses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 physical 2 performance
2 performance 4 scores
2 performance 5 were
2 performance 6 analyzed
3 test 4 scores
4 scores 5 were
6 analyzed 7 using
6 analyzed 13 frailty
6 analyzed 14 statuses
7 using 10 curves
7 using 11 to
7 using 12 discriminate
8 the 10 curves
9 roc 10 curves
11 to 12 discriminate
13 frailty 14 statuses

conclusions : the research findings suggest that physical performance variables can be used to effectively screen elderly people at risk for frailty in the community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 findings
2 : 6 suggest
2 : 26 .
3 the 5 findings
4 research 5 findings
5 findings 6 suggest
6 suggest 10 variables
6 suggest 13 used
7 that 8 physical
8 physical 9 performance
9 performance 10 variables
10 variables 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 used
13 used 14 to
13 used 16 screen
14 to 16 screen
15 effectively 16 screen
16 screen 18 people
16 screen 21 for
17 elderly 18 people
18 people 19 at
19 at 20 risk
21 for 22 frailty
22 frailty 23 in
23 in 25 community
24 the 25 community

clinical relevance : the findings offer reference values for physical performance tests specific to community [-] dwelling frail elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 clinical 2 relevance
3 : 5 findings
3 : 6 offer
3 : 21 .
4 the 5 findings
5 findings 6 offer
6 offer 8 values
6 offer 9 for
6 offer 12 tests
7 reference 8 values
9 for 11 performance
10 physical 11 performance
12 tests 13 specific
13 specific 14 to
14 to 20 people
15 community 17 dwelling
17 dwelling 20 people
18 frail 20 people
19 elderly 20 people

the information can enable health practitioners to achieve early identification of frailty among elderly people with anthropometric characteristics similar to those associated with people in asian countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 enable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 information
2 information 3 can
3 can 4 enable
4 enable 6 practitioners
4 enable 7 to
4 enable 8 achieve
5 health 6 practitioners
7 to 8 achieve
8 achieve 10 identification
8 achieve 13 among
8 achieve 16 with
8 achieve 25 in
9 early 10 identification
10 identification 11 of
11 of 12 frailty
13 among 15 people
14 elderly 15 people
16 with 18 characteristics
17 anthropometric 18 characteristics
18 characteristics 19 similar
19 similar 20 to
20 to 21 those
21 those 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 24 people
25 in 27 countries
26 asian 27 countries

nitric oxide ( no ) , generated by no synthase ( nos ) [enzymes] , is an important bioactive molecule involved in the regulation of several biological phenomena that are crucial for organogenesis , including gene expression , cell growth , matrix remolding , proliferation , differentiation and apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oxide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 nitric 2 oxide
2 oxide 4 no
2 oxide 7 generated
2 oxide 16 is
3 ( 4 no
4 no 5 )
6 , 7 generated
7 generated 8 by
7 generated 15 ,
8 by 10 synthase
9 no 10 synthase
10 synthase 12 nos
11 ( 12 nos
12 nos 13 )
16 is 48 and
17 an 18 important
17 an 20 molecule
18 important 20 molecule
19 bioactive 20 molecule
20 molecule 21 involved
20 molecule 25 of
20 molecule 32 for
20 molecule 34 ,
21 involved 22 in
22 in 24 regulation
23 the 24 regulation
25 of 28 phenomena
26 several 28 phenomena
27 biological 28 phenomena
28 phenomena 29 that
28 phenomena 30 are
29 that 30 are
30 are 31 crucial
32 for 33 organogenesis
34 , 37 expression
34 , 38 ,
35 including 36 gene
36 gene 37 expression
38 , 40 growth
38 , 41 ,
39 cell 40 growth
41 , 43 remolding
41 , 44 ,
42 matrix 43 remolding
44 , 45 proliferation
44 , 46 ,
46 , 47 differentiation
46 , 48 and
48 and 49 apoptosis

the expression of nos isoforms in embryonic tissues is temporally and spatially regulated , and disruption of endogenous no can lead to developmental defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 11 and
3 of 5 isoforms
4 nos 5 isoforms
5 isoforms 6 in
6 in 8 tissues
7 embryonic 8 tissues
9 is 10 temporally
9 is 11 and
11 and 13 regulated
12 spatially 13 regulated
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 disruption
15 and 21 lead
16 disruption 17 of
16 disruption 20 can
17 of 19 no
18 endogenous 19 no
20 can 21 lead
21 lead 22 to
22 to 24 defects
23 developmental 24 defects

maternal treatment with pan nos inhibitors during early organogenesis caused severe malformations of the axial skeleton . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 maternal 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 with
2 treatment 10 caused
3 with 6 inhibitors
4 pan 6 inhibitors
5 nos 6 inhibitors
6 inhibitors 7 during
7 during 9 organogenesis
8 early 9 organogenesis
10 caused 12 malformations
11 severe 12 malformations
12 malformations 13 of
13 of 16 skeleton
14 the 16 skeleton
15 axial 16 skeleton

in [utero] exposure during the fetal period induced limb reduction defects of vascular origin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 during
3 exposure 8 induced
4 during 7 period
5 the 7 period
6 fetal 7 period
8 induced 11 defects
9 limb 11 defects
10 reduction 11 defects
11 defects 12 of
12 of 14 origin
13 vascular 14 origin

knock - out mice have been used to define the role of the various nos isoforms on the origin of the abnormal development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 knock 2 -
1 knock 4 mice
3 out 4 mice
4 mice 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 define
8 to 9 define
9 define 11 role
9 define 17 on
10 the 11 role
11 role 12 of
12 of 16 isoforms
13 the 16 isoforms
14 various 16 isoforms
15 nos 16 isoforms
17 on 19 origin
18 the 19 origin
19 origin 20 of
20 of 23 development
21 the 23 development
22 abnormal 23 development

cardiovascular malformations , limb reduction defects , reduced growth and reduced survival have been observed in knock [-] out mice with targeted disruption of endothelial nos ( enos ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 cardiovascular 2 malformations
2 malformations 3 ,
3 , 6 defects
3 , 7 ,
4 limb 5 reduction
5 reduction 6 defects
7 , 9 growth
7 , 10 and
8 reduced 9 growth
10 and 12 survival
10 and 13 have
11 reduced 12 survival
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 observed
15 observed 16 in
16 in 20 mice
17 knock 20 mice
19 out 20 mice
20 mice 21 with
20 mice 24 of
20 mice 28 enos
21 with 23 disruption
22 targeted 23 disruption
24 of 26 nos
25 endothelial 26 nos
27 ( 28 enos
28 enos 29 )

limited morphological changes were observed in mice lacking inducible nos ( inos ) or neuronal nos [n] ( nos ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 limited 3 changes
2 morphological 3 changes
3 changes 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 14 or
7 mice 8 lacking
7 mice 14 or
8 lacking 10 nos
9 inducible 10 nos
10 nos 12 inos
11 ( 12 inos
12 inos 13 )
14 or 16 nos
14 or 19 nos
15 neuronal 16 nos
18 ( 19 nos
19 nos 20 )

results obtained [with] in vitro [studies] suggest that optimal levels of no are required for neural tube closure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 obtained
1 results 7 suggest
4 in 5 vitro
5 vitro 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 10 levels
8 that 14 required
9 optimal 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 13 are
11 of 12 no
13 are 14 required
14 required 15 for
15 for 18 closure
16 neural 17 tube
17 tube 18 closure

disregulation of no production was also recently proposed as a contributing mechanism in the origin of malformations associated with exposure to known environmental teratogens , such as valproic acid , thalidomide , copper deficiency , and diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 disregulation 2 of
1 disregulation 5 was
2 of 4 production
3 no 4 production
5 was 6 also
5 was 8 proposed
7 recently 8 proposed
8 proposed 9 as
8 proposed 21 to
9 as 12 mechanism
9 as 19 with
10 a 12 mechanism
11 contributing 12 mechanism
12 mechanism 13 in
13 in 15 origin
14 the 15 origin
15 origin 16 of
15 origin 18 associated
16 of 17 malformations
19 with 20 exposure
21 to 36 and
22 known 24 teratogens
23 environmental 24 teratogens
24 teratogens 25 ,
25 , 34 deficiency
25 , 36 and
26 such 34 deficiency
27 as 28 valproic
28 valproic 33 copper
29 acid 31 thalidomide
29 acid 32 ,
29 acid 33 copper
30 , 31 thalidomide
31 thalidomide 32 ,
33 copper 34 deficiency
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 diabetes

[none] thrombotic events occurring in either arteries or veins are the primary causes of fatal perioperative cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 thrombotic 3 events
3 events 4 occurring
3 events 10 are
4 occurring 5 in
5 in 8 or
6 either 8 or
7 arteries 8 or
8 or 9 veins
10 are 13 causes
11 the 13 causes
12 primary 13 causes
13 causes 14 of
14 of 18 events
15 fatal 18 events
16 perioperative 18 events
17 cardiovascular 18 events

risk factors for deep vein thrombosis , several of which are evidently associated with specific surgical procedures , are quite different from those for arterial thrombosis ( e.g [.] , aging or atherosclerotic diseases ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 risk 2 factors
2 factors 3 for
2 factors 8 several
2 factors 19 are
3 for 6 thrombosis
4 deep 5 vein
5 vein 6 thrombosis
7 , 8 several
8 several 9 of
8 several 18 ,
9 of 10 which
9 of 11 are
10 which 11 are
11 are 12 evidently
11 are 14 with
12 evidently 13 associated
14 with 17 procedures
15 specific 17 procedures
16 surgical 17 procedures
19 are 21 different
20 quite 21 different
21 different 22 from
22 from 32 or
23 those 24 for
23 those 31 aging
23 those 32 or
24 for 26 thrombosis
25 arterial 26 thrombosis
26 thrombosis 28 e.g
27 ( 28 e.g
28 e.g 30 ,
32 or 34 diseases
32 or 35 )
33 atherosclerotic 34 diseases

thrombus formed in arteries consists mainly of platelets coated with fibrin ( i.e [.] , white thrombus ) , while venous thrombus formed at relatively lower [shear] stress consists of all blood components including erythrocytes as well as leukocytes infiltrated with fibrin ( red thrombus ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thrombus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 consists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 thrombus 2 formed
1 thrombus 5 consists
2 formed 3 in
3 in 4 arteries
5 consists 6 mainly
5 consists 7 of
7 of 8 platelets
8 platelets 9 coated
9 coated 10 with
10 with 11 fibrin
11 fibrin 13 i.e
11 fibrin 17 thrombus
12 ( 13 i.e
13 i.e 15 ,
15 , 17 thrombus
16 white 17 thrombus
17 thrombus 18 )
19 , 32 blood
20 while 22 thrombus
20 while 29 consists
20 while 32 blood
21 venous 22 thrombus
22 thrombus 23 formed
22 thrombus 29 consists
23 formed 24 at
24 at 28 stress
25 relatively 26 lower
26 lower 28 stress
29 consists 30 of
30 of 31 all
32 blood 33 components
32 blood 38 as
33 components 34 including
34 including 35 erythrocytes
36 as 37 well
37 well 38 as
38 as 39 leukocytes
39 leukocytes 40 infiltrated
39 leukocytes 45 thrombus
40 infiltrated 41 with
41 with 42 fibrin
43 ( 45 thrombus
44 red 45 thrombus
45 thrombus 46 )

clinical evidence indicates beneficial roles of neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia in the prevention of vte for patients undergoing high risk surgical procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 clinical 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 indicates
3 indicates 5 roles
3 indicates 9 in
3 indicates 14 for
4 beneficial 5 roles
5 roles 6 of
6 of 8 anesthesia/analgesia
7 neuraxial 8 anesthesia/analgesia
9 in 11 prevention
10 the 11 prevention
11 prevention 12 of
12 of 13 vte
14 for 15 patients
15 patients 16 undergoing
16 undergoing 20 procedures
17 high 20 procedures
18 risk 20 procedures
19 surgical 20 procedures

to date , mechanisms of action of drugs used for neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia to prevent venous thrombosis are uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 4 mechanisms
3 , 17 are
4 mechanisms 5 of
4 mechanisms 17 are
5 of 6 action
6 action 7 of
7 of 8 drugs
8 drugs 9 used
9 used 10 for
9 used 13 to
9 used 14 prevent
10 for 12 anesthesia/analgesia
11 neuraxial 12 anesthesia/analgesia
13 to 14 prevent
14 prevent 16 thrombosis
15 venous 16 thrombosis
17 are 18 uncertain

however , accumulation of clinical as well as experimental findings points to the involvement of immune cells ( especially monocytes ) in red thrombus generation and to the interaction of anesthetics with these cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 points
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 4 of
3 accumulation 11 points
4 of 10 findings
5 clinical 10 findings
6 as 7 well
7 well 9 experimental
8 as 9 experimental
9 experimental 10 findings
11 points 12 to
11 points 32 with
12 to 14 involvement
13 the 14 involvement
14 involvement 15 of
14 involvement 26 and
15 of 17 cells
16 immune 17 cells
17 cells 20 monocytes
18 ( 19 especially
18 ( 20 monocytes
20 monocytes 21 )
22 in 25 generation
22 in 26 and
23 red 24 thrombus
24 thrombus 25 generation
26 and 27 to
27 to 29 interaction
28 the 29 interaction
29 interaction 30 of
30 of 31 anesthetics
32 with 34 cells
33 these 34 cells

local anesthetics and nk1r antagonists are candidate drugs that may possess the capability to prevent venous thrombotic disorders in perioperative settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 local 2 anesthetics
2 anesthetics 3 and
3 and 5 antagonists
3 and 6 are
4 nk1r 5 antagonists
6 are 8 drugs
7 candidate 8 drugs
8 drugs 9 that
8 drugs 15 prevent
9 that 10 may
10 may 11 possess
11 possess 13 capability
11 possess 14 to
12 the 13 capability
14 to 15 prevent
15 prevent 18 disorders
15 prevent 19 in
16 venous 18 disorders
17 thrombotic 18 disorders
19 in 21 settings
20 perioperative 21 settings

none age of patients and brain oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 none 2 age
1 none 10 contribute
1 none 15 's
2 age 3 of
2 age 9 may
3 of 5 and
4 patients 5 and
5 and 8 stress
6 brain 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
9 may 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
11 to 12 pathogenesis
12 pathogenesis 13 of
13 of 14 alzheimer
15 's 16 disease
16 disease 18 ad
17 ( 18 ad
18 ad 19 )

erythrocytes ( red blood cells , rbc ) are considered as passive " reporter cells " for the oxidative status of the whole organism and [are] not well studied in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 erythrocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 erythrocytes 5 cells
1 erythrocytes 7 rbc
1 erythrocytes 9 are
2 ( 5 cells
3 red 4 blood
4 blood 5 cells
5 cells 6 ,
6 , 7 rbc
7 rbc 8 )
9 are 10 considered
10 considered 25 and
10 considered 30 in
11 as 12 passive
12 passive 13 "
12 passive 14 reporter
14 reporter 15 cells
15 cells 16 "
15 cells 17 for
15 cells 25 and
17 for 20 status
18 the 20 status
19 oxidative 20 status
20 status 21 of
21 of 24 organism
22 the 24 organism
23 whole 24 organism
25 and 27 not
25 and 28 well
28 well 29 studied
30 in 31 ad

the aim of this work was to assess whether the antioxidant status of rbc changes in aging and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 work
4 this 5 work
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 9 whether
9 whether 12 status
9 whether 15 changes
10 the 12 status
11 antioxidant 12 status
12 status 13 of
12 status 15 changes
13 of 14 rbc
15 changes 16 in
16 in 18 and
17 aging 18 and
18 and 19 ad

blood was taken from ad [and] [non] - alzheimer 's dementia patients , aged - matched and younger controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 blood 2 was
2 was 3 taken
3 taken 4 from
4 from 19 controls
5 ad 12 patients
5 ad 16 matched
5 ad 17 and
8 - 12 patients
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 12 patients
11 dementia 12 patients
12 patients 14 aged
12 patients 15 -
13 , 14 aged
14 aged 15 -
17 and 18 younger
17 and 19 controls

in vivo antioxidant status was assessed in each of the study subjects by measuring rbc levels of h202 , organic hydroperoxides , glutathione ( gsh ) and glutathione [disulfide] ( gssg ) , activities of superoxide dismutase , [catalase] [,] glutathione peroxidase , glutathione reductase , glutathione s - transferase , and glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 antioxidant
1 in 2 vivo
2 vivo 3 antioxidant
3 antioxidant 5 was
3 antioxidant 7 in
3 antioxidant 13 by
4 status 5 was
5 was 6 assessed
7 in 8 each
8 each 9 of
9 of 12 subjects
10 the 12 subjects
11 study 12 subjects
13 by 14 measuring
14 measuring 16 levels
15 rbc 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
17 of 27 and
18 h202 21 hydroperoxides
18 h202 27 and
19 , 21 hydroperoxides
20 organic 21 hydroperoxides
21 hydroperoxides 23 glutathione
21 hydroperoxides 26 )
22 , 23 glutathione
23 glutathione 25 gsh
23 glutathione 26 )
24 ( 25 gsh
25 gsh 26 )
27 and 34 activities
27 and 35 of
28 glutathione 31 gssg
28 glutathione 33 ,
28 glutathione 34 activities
30 ( 31 gssg
31 gssg 32 )
35 of 37 dismutase
36 superoxide 37 dismutase
37 dismutase 42 peroxidase
37 dismutase 47 glutathione
38 , 42 peroxidase
41 glutathione 42 peroxidase
42 peroxidase 45 reductase
42 peroxidase 46 ,
43 , 45 reductase
44 glutathione 45 reductase
45 reductase 46 ,
46 , 47 glutathione
47 glutathione 48 s
47 glutathione 52 and
47 glutathione 59 .
49 - 52 and
50 transferase 52 and
51 , 52 and
52 and 53 glucose
52 and 56 -
52 and 59 .
54 - 56 -
55 6 56 -
56 - 58 dehydrogenase
56 - 59 .
57 phosphate 58 dehydrogenase

in both aging and dementia , oxidative stress in rbc was shown to increase and to be expressed in elevated concentrations of h202 and organic hydroperoxides , decreased the gsh/gssg ratio and glutathione s - transferase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 aging
1 in 4 and
2 both 3 aging
4 and 5 dementia
6 , 8 stress
6 , 12 shown
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 9 in
8 stress 11 was
9 in 10 rbc
11 was 12 shown
12 shown 13 to
13 to 15 and
14 increase 15 and
15 and 16 to
15 and 18 expressed
15 and 19 in
16 to 17 be
19 in 27 ,
20 elevated 24 and
20 elevated 27 ,
21 concentrations 22 of
21 concentrations 24 and
22 of 23 h202
24 and 26 hydroperoxides
25 organic 26 hydroperoxides
27 , 28 decreased
28 decreased 37 activity
29 the 31 ratio
30 gsh/gssg 31 ratio
31 ratio 32 and
32 and 33 glutathione
32 and 35 -
32 and 36 transferase
33 glutathione 34 s
36 transferase 37 activity

decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in rbc may be considered as a new peripheral marker for alzheimer 's disease while alterations of other parameters of oxidative stress reflect age - related events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 decreased 3 peroxidase
2 glutathione 3 peroxidase
3 peroxidase 4 activity
4 activity 5 in
4 activity 7 may
5 in 6 rbc
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 considered
9 considered 10 as
9 considered 15 for
9 considered 19 while
10 as 14 marker
11 a 14 marker
12 new 14 marker
13 peripheral 14 marker
15 for 18 disease
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
19 while 20 alterations
19 while 27 reflect
20 alterations 21 of
20 alterations 24 of
20 alterations 27 reflect
21 of 23 parameters
22 other 23 parameters
24 of 26 stress
25 oxidative 26 stress
27 reflect 28 age
29 - 30 related
30 related 31 events

introduction : controversial results on the relationship between the left - handedness and neurotic disturbances have been obtained in so far investigations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 4 results
3 controversial 4 results
4 results 5 on
5 on 7 relationship
6 the 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
8 between 12 handedness
9 the 12 handedness
10 left 11 -
10 left 12 handedness
13 and 15 disturbances
13 and 18 obtained
14 neurotic 15 disturbances
15 disturbances 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 obtained
18 obtained 19 in
19 in 22 investigations
20 so 21 far
21 far 22 investigations

objective : the aim of this study was to investigate the link between the left - handedness and neurotic disturbances in an adult urban population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 12 link
10 investigate 13 between
11 the 12 link
13 between 18 and
14 the 17 handedness
15 left 16 -
15 left 17 handedness
17 handedness 18 and
18 and 20 disturbances
19 neurotic 20 disturbances
20 disturbances 21 in
21 in 25 population
22 an 25 population
23 adult 25 population
24 urban 25 population

methods : a cross - sectional study was performed on 1,202 adult residents of the stari grad municipality in belgrade , out of [which] 401 were males ( 33.4 % ) and 801 were females ( 66.6 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 9 performed
5 - 21 ,
5 - 26 were
5 - 32 and
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 performed
9 performed 10 on
9 performed 19 in
10 on 13 residents
11 1,202 13 residents
12 adult 13 residents
13 residents 14 of
14 of 18 municipality
15 the 18 municipality
16 stari 18 municipality
17 grad 18 municipality
19 in 20 belgrade
21 , 23 of
21 , 26 were
22 out 23 of
23 of 25 401
23 of 26 were
26 were 27 males
27 males 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 33.4 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 and 33 801
32 and 34 were
33 801 34 were
34 were 35 females
35 females 38 %
36 ( 38 %
37 66.6 38 %
38 % 39 )

a questionnaire was used as an investigation instrument , with questions concerning age , gender , writing hand and neurotic disturbances : tension , agressiveness , anger , nervousness , weepiness and seclusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 2 questionnaire
2 questionnaire 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 as
5 as 8 instrument
6 an 7 investigation
6 an 8 instrument
7 investigation 8 instrument
8 instrument 10 with
8 instrument 19 and
9 , 10 with
10 with 11 questions
10 with 14 ,
11 questions 12 concerning
12 concerning 13 age
14 , 19 and
15 gender 16 ,
16 , 18 hand
16 , 19 and
17 writing 18 hand
19 and 21 disturbances
19 and 22 :
20 neurotic 21 disturbances
22 : 32 and
23 tension 24 ,
24 , 29 nervousness
24 , 30 ,
25 agressiveness 27 anger
25 agressiveness 28 ,
25 agressiveness 29 nervousness
26 , 27 anger
27 anger 28 ,
30 , 31 weepiness
30 , 32 and
32 and 33 seclusion

results : left - handedness was found in 60 subjects ( 5 % ) and it was statistically more frequent in males ( 7.7 % [ )(compared to females ( 3.6 % ) ( p = 0.003 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 handedness
2 : 7 found
2 : 15 and
2 : 39 .
3 left 4 -
3 left 5 handedness
5 handedness 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 10 subjects
9 60 10 subjects
10 subjects 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 5 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 and 16 it
15 and 17 was
16 it 17 was
17 was 18 statistically
17 was 19 more
17 was 20 frequent
20 frequent 21 in
21 in 22 males
22 males 25 %
22 males 36 =
23 ( 25 %
24 7.7 25 %
25 % 27 )(compared
25 % 33 )
27 )(compared 28 to
28 to 29 females
29 females 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 3.6 32 %
32 % 33 )
34 ( 36 =
35 p 36 =
36 = 37 0.003
36 = 38 )

a decreasing trend of proportion of left - [handed] males was found in relation to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 3 trend
2 decreasing 3 trend
3 trend 4 of
3 trend 11 was
4 of 5 proportion
5 proportion 6 of
6 of 10 males
7 left 8 -
7 left 10 males
11 was 12 found
12 found 15 to
13 in 14 relation
14 relation 15 to
15 to 16 aging

in the age group 18 to 39 years , agressiveness , as a specific neurotic disturbance , was significantly more frequent in left - [handed] males in comparison to right - handers ( p = 0.035 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 age
1 in 4 group
2 the 3 age
4 group 5 18
4 group 6 to
4 group 12 as
4 group 18 was
6 to 8 years
7 39 8 years
8 years 10 agressiveness
9 , 10 agressiveness
10 agressiveness 11 ,
11 , 12 as
12 as 16 disturbance
12 as 17 ,
13 a 14 specific
13 a 16 disturbance
14 specific 15 neurotic
15 neurotic 16 disturbance
18 was 19 significantly
18 was 21 frequent
20 more 21 frequent
21 frequent 22 in
21 frequent 27 in
21 frequent 29 to
22 in 26 males
23 left 24 -
23 left 26 males
27 in 28 comparison
29 to 32 handers
30 right 31 -
30 right 32 handers
32 handers 35 =
33 ( 35 =
34 p 35 =
35 = 36 0.035
35 = 37 )

in the age group 40 to 59 years , neurotic disturbances were more common among left - [handed] males compared to right - handers ( p = 0.030 ).there were no significant diferences in the proportion of neurotic disturbances between the left - handed and the right - handed females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 in 3 age
1 in 4 group
2 the 3 age
4 group 6 to
4 group 8 years
5 40 6 to
6 to 7 59
7 59 8 years
9 , 11 disturbances
9 , 17 -
10 neurotic 11 disturbances
11 disturbances 12 were
12 were 14 common
13 more 14 common
14 common 15 among
15 among 16 left
17 - 19 males
17 - 20 compared
17 - 23 -
19 males 20 compared
20 compared 21 to
21 to 22 right
23 - 24 handers
23 - 30 were
24 handers 27 =
24 handers 30 were
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 29 ).there
28 0.030 29 ).there
30 were 33 diferences
30 were 34 in
31 no 33 diferences
32 significant 33 diferences
34 in 45 and
35 the 36 proportion
36 proportion 37 of
36 proportion 40 between
36 proportion 45 and
37 of 39 disturbances
38 neurotic 39 disturbances
40 between 42 left
41 the 42 left
42 left 44 handed
43 - 44 handed
45 and 47 right
45 and 49 handed
46 the 47 right
48 - 49 handed
49 handed 50 females
49 handed 51 .

conclusion : from a public health point of view , left - handed men may be regarded as a relatively vulnerable population category concerning mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 men
2 : 17 regarded
2 : 27 .
3 from 7 point
3 from 14 men
4 a 5 public
4 a 7 point
5 public 6 health
6 health 7 point
7 point 8 of
7 point 13 handed
8 of 9 view
9 view 11 left
10 , 11 left
11 left 12 -
14 men 15 may
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 regarded
17 regarded 18 as
18 as 23 category
19 a 20 relatively
19 a 23 category
20 relatively 21 vulnerable
21 vulnerable 22 population
22 population 23 category
23 category 24 concerning
24 concerning 26 health
25 mental 26 health

the purpose of this paper is to analyze the self - perception of weight in relation with the body mass index and the body composition of three working groups composed of physically untrained young students , young athletes and patients diagnosed with chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 paper
4 this 5 paper
6 is 7 to
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 10 self
9 the 10 self
10 self 12 perception
11 - 12 perception
12 perception 13 of
12 perception 15 in
12 perception 17 with
12 perception 26 of
12 perception 45 .
13 of 14 weight
15 in 16 relation
17 with 22 and
18 the 21 index
19 body 20 mass
20 mass 21 index
21 index 22 and
22 and 25 composition
23 the 25 composition
24 body 25 composition
26 of 29 groups
27 three 29 groups
28 working 29 groups
29 groups 31 of
30 composed 31 of
31 of 39 and
31 of 42 with
32 physically 33 untrained
33 untrained 35 students
34 young 35 students
35 students 36 ,
36 , 38 athletes
36 , 39 and
37 young 38 athletes
39 and 40 patients
39 and 41 diagnosed
42 with 44 diseases
43 chronic 44 diseases

the working groups consisted of 110 participants : untrained students , athletes and dialysed patients ; 50.9 % women and 49.1 % men [;] with an average age of 26.03 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 groups
2 working 3 groups
3 groups 4 consisted
4 consisted 5 of
5 of 7 participants
6 110 7 participants
8 : 10 students
8 : 16 ;
9 untrained 10 students
10 students 13 and
11 , 13 and
12 athletes 13 and
13 and 15 patients
13 and 16 ;
14 dialysed 15 patients
16 ; 20 and
17 50.9 19 women
18 % 19 women
19 women 20 and
20 and 23 men
20 and 29 of
21 49.1 23 men
22 % 23 men
23 men 25 with
25 with 28 age
26 an 28 age
27 average 28 age
29 of 30 26.03

the bmi of the patients is significantly higher than the bmi of the athletes and untrained students . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 bmi
2 bmi 3 of
2 bmi 6 is
3 of 5 patients
4 the 5 patients
6 is 7 significantly
6 is 8 higher
8 higher 9 than
9 than 11 bmi
9 than 12 of
10 the 11 bmi
12 of 15 and
13 the 14 athletes
14 athletes 15 and
15 and 17 students
16 untrained 17 students

no significant differences were found between groups in terms of self [-] perception of weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 between
5 found 8 in
6 between 7 groups
8 in 9 terms
9 terms 10 of
10 of 13 perception
11 self 13 perception
13 perception 14 of
14 of 15 weight

compared to the physically untrained students and patients , the athletes have a significantly higher level of muscle tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 athletes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 9 ,
1 compared 11 athletes
2 to 7 and
3 the 6 students
4 physically 5 untrained
5 untrained 6 students
6 students 7 and
7 and 8 patients
10 the 11 athletes
11 athletes 12 have
12 have 16 level
13 a 16 level
14 significantly 15 higher
15 higher 16 level
16 level 17 of
17 of 19 tissue
18 muscle 19 tissue

the athletes also have a significantly lower adipose tissue than that of the physically untrained students and patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 athletes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 athletes
2 athletes 4 have
3 also 4 have
4 have 9 tissue
4 have 10 than
5 a 9 tissue
6 significantly 7 lower
7 lower 8 adipose
8 adipose 9 tissue
10 than 11 that
10 than 12 of
12 of 17 and
13 the 16 students
14 physically 15 untrained
15 untrained 16 students
16 students 17 and
17 and 18 patients

ageing is inevitably associated with a decline in physiologic reserves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 4 associated
3 inevitably 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 8 in
5 with 7 decline
6 a 7 decline
8 in 10 reserves
9 physiologic 10 reserves

frailty results from reaching a threshold of [decline] across multiple organ systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 frailty 2 results
2 results 3 from
3 from 4 reaching
4 reaching 6 threshold
5 a 6 threshold
6 threshold 7 of
7 of 9 across
9 across 12 systems
10 multiple 11 organ
11 organ 12 systems

[by] consequence , it is associated with a high vulnerability and reduced ability to maintain homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consequence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
3 , 4 it
3 , 11 and
4 it 11 and
5 is 6 associated
5 is 11 and
6 associated 7 with
7 with 10 vulnerability
8 a 9 high
8 a 10 vulnerability
9 high 10 vulnerability
11 and 12 reduced
11 and 13 ability
13 ability 14 to
13 ability 15 maintain
14 to 15 maintain
15 maintain 16 homeostasis

this vulnerability is not only age - related , but also related to disability and comorbidity , as illustrated by three clinical cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vulnerability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 vulnerability
2 vulnerability 10 but
3 is 4 not
3 is 5 only
3 is 6 age
3 is 8 related
3 is 10 but
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 ,
10 but 12 related
11 also 12 related
12 related 13 to
12 related 20 by
13 to 15 and
14 disability 15 and
15 and 16 comorbidity
15 and 19 illustrated
17 , 19 illustrated
18 as 19 illustrated
20 by 23 cases
21 three 23 cases
22 clinical 23 cases

sarcopenia , which is defined as age - related loss of muscle [mass] , is considered to be a central manifestation of frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 sarcopenia 3 which
1 sarcopenia 15 is
2 , 3 which
3 which 4 is
3 which 8 -
4 is 5 defined
5 defined 6 as
6 as 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 loss
9 related 14 ,
9 related 15 is
10 loss 11 of
11 of 12 muscle
15 is 16 considered
16 considered 17 to
16 considered 18 be
17 to 18 be
18 be 21 manifestation
19 a 21 manifestation
20 central 21 manifestation
21 manifestation 22 of
22 of 23 frailty

in addition to being highly prevalent in elderly population , frailty also exerts a substantial impact on quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 exerts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 10 ,
1 in 11 frailty
2 addition 3 to
3 to 4 being
4 being 6 prevalent
5 highly 6 prevalent
6 prevalent 7 in
7 in 9 population
8 elderly 9 population
11 frailty 13 exerts
12 also 13 exerts
13 exerts 16 impact
13 exerts 17 on
14 a 15 substantial
14 a 16 impact
15 substantial 16 impact
17 on 18 quality
18 quality 19 of
19 of 20 life

as it is extremely challenging by defying conventional medication and involving new [therapeutically] approaches , frailty fully qualifies as a new geriatric syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 as 2 it
1 as 3 is
1 as 15 ,
1 as 16 frailty
2 it 3 is
3 is 5 challenging
4 extremely 5 challenging
5 challenging 6 by
6 by 10 and
7 defying 9 medication
8 conventional 9 medication
9 medication 10 and
10 and 14 approaches
10 and 15 ,
11 involving 14 approaches
12 new 14 approaches
16 frailty 18 qualifies
17 fully 18 qualifies
18 qualifies 19 as
19 as 23 syndrome
20 a 21 new
20 a 23 syndrome
21 new 23 syndrome
22 geriatric 23 syndrome

aim : the aim of this research is to contribute new data related to the incidence [of] essential hypertension in elderly patients [with] metabolic [syndrome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 13 related
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 is
5 of 7 research
6 this 7 research
8 is 9 to
8 is 13 related
9 to 10 contribute
10 contribute 12 data
11 new 12 data
13 related 14 to
13 related 20 in
13 related 24 metabolic
14 to 19 hypertension
15 the 19 hypertension
16 incidence 19 hypertension
18 essential 19 hypertension
20 in 22 patients
21 elderly 22 patients

material and methods : the current study was conducted on a number of 1,832 patients hospitalized in the cardiovascular rehabilitation clinic of rehabilitation hospital iasi , in the period [october] 2010 - july 2012 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 current
4 : 9 conducted
5 the 6 current
6 current 7 study
6 current 8 was
6 current 9 conducted
7 study 8 was
9 conducted 10 on
9 conducted 17 in
9 conducted 33 july
10 on 15 patients
11 a 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 15 patients
13 of 15 patients
14 1,832 15 patients
15 patients 16 hospitalized
17 in 25 iasi
18 the 25 iasi
19 cardiovascular 20 rehabilitation
20 rehabilitation 21 clinic
21 clinic 22 of
21 clinic 24 hospital
22 of 23 rehabilitation
24 hospital 25 iasi
25 iasi 27 in
26 , 27 in
27 in 29 period
27 in 32 -
28 the 29 period
29 period 31 2010
33 july 34 2012

of these patients we selected the ones who were 65 years of age or more and who fulfilled at least three of the five criteria that define the metabolic syndrome , using the criteria recommended by aha/nhlbi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 of 3 patients
1 of 4 we
2 these 3 patients
4 we 5 selected
5 selected 7 ones
6 the 7 ones
7 ones 8 who
7 ones 9 were
8 who 9 were
9 were 14 or
10 65 11 years
11 years 12 of
11 years 14 or
12 of 13 age
14 or 15 more
16 and 17 who
16 and 18 fulfilled
17 who 18 fulfilled
18 fulfilled 21 three
19 at 20 least
20 least 21 three
21 three 22 of
21 three 26 that
21 three 27 define
22 of 25 criteria
23 the 25 criteria
24 five 25 criteria
26 that 27 define
27 define 30 syndrome
27 define 32 using
28 the 30 syndrome
29 metabolic 30 syndrome
31 , 32 using
32 using 34 criteria
32 using 38 .
33 the 34 criteria
34 criteria 35 recommended
35 recommended 36 by
36 by 37 aha/nhlbi

results : the data obtained revealed an increased incidence of the cardiometabolic syndrome in patients over 65 years of age , in a percentage of 73 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 6 revealed
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 obtained
4 data 6 revealed
6 revealed 9 incidence
6 revealed 14 in
6 revealed 16 over
7 an 9 incidence
8 increased 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 of
10 of 13 syndrome
11 the 13 syndrome
12 cardiometabolic 13 syndrome
14 in 15 patients
16 over 18 years
17 65 18 years
18 years 19 of
19 of 20 age
20 age 22 in
21 , 22 in
22 in 24 percentage
22 in 28 .
23 a 24 percentage
24 percentage 25 of
25 of 27 %
26 73 27 %

the gender [repartition] revealed a higher frequency in the case of female patients ( 66 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 gender
2 gender 4 revealed
4 revealed 7 frequency
4 revealed 8 in
5 a 7 frequency
6 higher 7 frequency
8 in 10 case
9 the 10 case
10 case 11 of
11 of 13 patients
12 female 13 patients
13 patients 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 66 16 %
16 % 17 )

of the metabolic syndrome criteria , the highest incidence was registered for the essential hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 registered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 of 5 criteria
1 of 6 ,
1 of 9 incidence
2 the 5 criteria
3 metabolic 4 syndrome
4 syndrome 5 criteria
7 the 8 highest
7 the 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 was
10 was 11 registered
11 registered 12 for
12 for 15 hypertension
13 the 15 hypertension
14 essential 15 hypertension

most of the hypertensive patients were diagnosed with essential hypertension grade 3 ( 55 % ) , while the rest had grade 2 ( 29 % ) and grade 1 [respectively] ( 16 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 5 patients
2 of 5 patients
3 the 5 patients
4 hypertensive 5 patients
5 patients 28 and
6 were 7 diagnosed
6 were 28 and
7 diagnosed 8 with
7 diagnosed 18 while
8 with 11 grade
9 essential 10 hypertension
10 hypertension 11 grade
11 grade 12 3
11 grade 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 55 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 , 18 while
18 while 20 rest
18 while 21 had
18 while 27 )
19 the 20 rest
20 rest 21 had
21 had 22 grade
22 grade 23 2
22 grade 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 29 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 and 29 grade
29 grade 30 1
30 1 34 %
32 ( 34 %
33 16 34 %
34 % 35 )

conclusion : eht has a significant occurrence in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 eht
2 : 4 has
2 : 11 .
3 eht 4 has
4 has 7 occurrence
4 has 8 in
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 occurrence
6 significant 7 occurrence
8 in 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients

[it] [seems] that hypertension of the elderly has a higher occurrence in the case of female patients , due to the lack of hormonal protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypertension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 has
3 that 4 hypertension
4 hypertension 5 of
4 hypertension 8 has
5 of 7 elderly
6 the 7 elderly
8 has 11 occurrence
8 has 12 in
9 a 11 occurrence
10 higher 11 occurrence
12 in 14 case
13 the 14 case
14 case 15 of
15 of 17 patients
16 female 17 patients
17 patients 20 to
18 , 20 to
19 due 20 to
20 to 22 lack
20 to 26 .
21 the 22 lack
22 lack 23 of
23 of 25 protection
24 hormonal 25 protection

the association with the other risk factors related to the metabolic syndrome makes the elderly more prone to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 with
2 association 13 makes
3 with 7 factors
4 the 5 other
5 other 7 factors
6 risk 7 factors
7 factors 8 related
8 related 9 to
9 to 12 syndrome
10 the 12 syndrome
11 metabolic 12 syndrome
13 makes 15 elderly
13 makes 17 prone
14 the 15 elderly
16 more 17 prone
17 prone 18 to
18 to 21 and
19 the 20 occurrence
20 occurrence 21 and
21 and 22 development
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 diseases
24 cardiovascular 25 diseases

keywords : essential hypertension , elderly people , objective : to observe the occurrence condition of endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair ( evar ) [operation] for abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) , and to analyze the factors of the endoleak . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 keywords
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 keywords 2 :
2 : 4 hypertension
3 essential 4 hypertension
5 , 6 elderly
5 , 34 and
6 elderly 9 objective
6 elderly 11 to
6 elderly 34 and
7 people 9 objective
8 , 9 objective
9 objective 10 :
10 : 11 to
12 observe 15 condition
12 observe 18 after
12 observe 26 for
12 observe 34 and
13 the 15 condition
14 occurrence 15 condition
15 condition 16 of
16 of 17 endoleak
18 after 21 repair
19 endovascular 20 aneurysm
20 aneurysm 21 repair
21 repair 23 evar
22 ( 23 evar
23 evar 24 )
26 for 29 aneurysm
27 abdominal 29 aneurysm
28 aortic 29 aneurysm
29 aneurysm 31 aaa
30 ( 31 aaa
31 aaa 32 )
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 to
34 and 36 analyze
35 to 36 analyze
36 analyze 38 factors
37 the 38 factors
38 factors 39 of
39 of 41 endoleak
40 the 41 endoleak

methods : between july 2005 and june 2013 , 210 cases of aaa were treated with evar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 between
3 between 6 and
4 july 5 2005
4 july 6 and
6 and 7 june
7 june 8 2013
9 , 11 cases
9 , 15 treated
10 210 11 cases
11 cases 12 of
11 cases 14 were
12 of 13 aaa
14 were 15 treated
15 treated 16 with
16 with 17 evar

of 210 patients , 175 were male and 35 were female , aging 42 - 89 years ( mean , 65.7 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 175
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 of 3 patients
1 of 4 ,
1 of 5 175
2 210 3 patients
5 175 6 were
6 were 7 male
8 and 9 35
8 and 10 were
9 35 10 were
10 were 17 years
11 female 12 ,
11 female 17 years
13 aging 17 years
14 42 15 -
15 - 16 89
15 - 17 years
17 years 22 years
18 ( 22 years
19 mean 20 ,
19 mean 22 years
21 65.7 22 years
22 years 23 )

the patients were all proved to have infrarenal aaa by computed tomography angiography ( cta ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 5 proved
4 all 5 proved
5 proved 6 to
5 proved 7 have
6 to 7 have
7 have 9 aaa
7 have 10 by
8 infrarenal 9 aaa
10 by 13 angiography
11 computed 12 tomography
12 tomography 13 angiography
13 angiography 15 cta
14 ( 15 cta
15 cta 16 )

the disease duration ranged from 1 week to 2 years ( median , 11.3 weeks ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 duration
2 disease 3 duration
3 duration 4 ranged
4 ranged 5 from
5 from 8 to
6 1 7 week
7 week 8 to
8 to 10 years
8 to 15 weeks
9 2 10 years
11 ( 15 weeks
12 median 13 ,
12 median 15 weeks
14 11.3 15 weeks
15 weeks 16 )

the maximum diameter of the aneurysms was 44 - 72 mm [(] [mean] , 57.3 mm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diameter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 diameter
2 maximum 3 diameter
3 diameter 4 of
3 diameter 7 was
4 of 6 aneurysms
5 the 6 aneurysms
7 was 8 44
8 44 11 mm
8 44 16 mm
9 - 11 mm
10 72 11 mm
11 mm 14 ,
14 , 16 mm
15 57.3 16 mm
16 mm 17 )

the proximal landing zone was longer than 1.5 cm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 zone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 4 zone
2 proximal 3 landing
3 landing 4 zone
4 zone 5 was
5 was 6 longer
6 longer 7 than
7 than 9 cm
8 1.5 9 cm

cta was performed routinely at 2 months after operation to detect the endoleak of contrast agent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cta 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 routinely
3 performed 5 at
3 performed 8 after
3 performed 10 to
5 at 7 months
6 2 7 months
8 after 9 operation
10 to 11 detect
11 detect 13 endoleak
12 the 13 endoleak
13 endoleak 14 of
14 of 16 agent
15 contrast 16 agent

if endoleak was found , cta was performed again at 6 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 if 2 endoleak
1 if 4 found
1 if 5 ,
1 if 6 cta
2 endoleak 3 was
3 was 4 found
6 cta 7 was
7 was 8 performed
8 performed 9 again
8 performed 10 at
10 at 12 months
11 6 12 months

if obvious endoleak still existed , digital subtraction angiography ( dsa ) would be performed to clarify the character and the degree of the endoleak , and evar should be done if necessary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 angiography
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 if 3 endoleak
1 if 5 existed
1 if 6 ,
1 if 9 angiography
2 obvious 3 endoleak
3 endoleak 5 existed
4 still 5 existed
7 digital 8 subtraction
8 subtraction 9 angiography
9 angiography 11 dsa
9 angiography 13 would
10 ( 11 dsa
11 dsa 12 )
13 would 14 be
14 be 15 performed
15 performed 16 to
16 to 17 clarify
17 clarify 19 character
18 the 19 character
20 and 27 and
20 and 30 be
21 the 22 degree
22 degree 23 of
22 degree 27 and
23 of 27 and
24 the 25 endoleak
25 endoleak 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 evar
27 and 29 should
29 should 30 be
30 be 31 done
31 done 33 necessary
32 if 33 necessary

the patients were followed up 2 - 8 months ( mean , 3.1 months ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 followed
4 followed 5 up
5 up 9 months
6 2 7 -
7 - 8 8
7 - 9 months
9 months 14 months
10 ( 14 months
11 mean 12 ,
11 mean 14 months
13 3.1 14 months
14 months 15 )

at 2 months after operation , contrast agent endoleak was found in the remnant aneurysm cavity of 12 cases ( 5.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 endoleak
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 6 ,
1 at 9 endoleak
2 2 3 months
3 months 4 after
4 after 5 operation
7 contrast 9 endoleak
8 agent 9 endoleak
9 endoleak 10 was
10 was 11 found
11 found 12 in
12 in 16 cavity
13 the 16 cavity
14 remnant 16 cavity
15 aneurysm 16 cavity
16 cavity 17 of
17 of 19 cases
18 12 19 cases
19 cases 22 %
20 ( 22 %
21 5.7 22 %
22 % 23 )

at 6 months after eperation , contrast agent endoleak was found in 10 cases ( 4.8 % ) by cta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 endoleak
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 6 ,
1 at 9 endoleak
2 6 3 months
3 months 4 after
4 after 5 eperation
7 contrast 9 endoleak
8 agent 9 endoleak
9 endoleak 10 was
10 was 11 found
11 found 12 in
11 found 19 by
12 in 14 cases
13 10 14 cases
14 cases 17 %
15 ( 17 %
16 4.8 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 by 20 cta

in 8 patients receiving dsa , there were 4 cases of type i endoleak ( 3 cases of type ia and 1 case of type ib ) , 3 cases of type ii endoleak , and 1 case of type iii ( type iiib ) endoleak . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
1 in 5 dsa
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 there
2 8 5 dsa
3 patients 5 dsa
4 receiving 5 dsa
7 there 8 were
8 were 9 4
9 4 10 cases
9 4 14 endoleak
9 4 17 cases
10 cases 11 of
10 cases 14 endoleak
11 of 12 type
12 type 13 i
15 ( 17 cases
16 3 17 cases
17 cases 18 of
17 cases 47 .
18 of 21 and
19 type 20 ia
20 ia 21 and
21 and 23 case
21 and 27 )
21 and 30 cases
22 1 23 case
23 case 24 of
24 of 26 ib
25 type 26 ib
28 , 30 cases
29 3 30 cases
30 cases 31 of
30 cases 36 and
30 cases 46 endoleak
30 cases 47 .
31 of 32 type
32 type 33 ii
34 endoleak 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 case
36 and 39 of
36 and 44 iiib
36 and 46 endoleak
37 1 38 case
39 of 40 type
40 type 41 iii
42 ( 44 iiib
43 type 44 iiib
44 iiib 45 )

in 5 patients having type i and type iii endoleak , collateral movement of stent graft was observed in different degree ; after increased stent graft was implanted , the endoleak disappeared after 2 - 4 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 degree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 patients
2 5 3 patients
3 patients 4 having
3 patients 7 and
4 having 5 type
5 type 6 i
7 and 8 type
7 and 13 movement
7 and 19 in
7 and 21 degree
8 type 9 iii
10 endoleak 11 ,
10 endoleak 12 collateral
12 collateral 13 movement
13 movement 14 of
13 movement 17 was
14 of 16 graft
15 stent 16 graft
17 was 18 observed
18 observed 19 in
20 different 21 degree
22 ; 31 endoleak
22 ; 32 disappeared
23 after 26 graft
23 after 27 was
23 after 29 ,
23 after 31 endoleak
24 increased 26 graft
25 stent 26 graft
26 graft 27 was
27 was 28 implanted
30 the 31 endoleak
31 endoleak 32 disappeared
32 disappeared 33 after
33 after 37 months
34 2 35 -
35 - 36 4
35 - 37 months

the patients having type ii endoleak were not given special treatment , endoleak still existed at 2 months after reexamination of cta , but the maximum diameter of aaa had no enlargement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 having
2 patients 7 were
3 having 4 type
3 having 6 endoleak
4 type 5 ii
7 were 8 not
7 were 11 treatment
8 not 9 given
9 given 11 treatment
10 special 11 treatment
12 , 13 endoleak
12 , 15 existed
12 , 24 but
13 endoleak 15 existed
14 still 15 existed
15 existed 16 at
16 at 18 months
17 2 18 months
18 months 19 after
19 after 20 reexamination
20 reexamination 21 of
21 of 22 cta
23 , 24 but
24 but 27 diameter
24 but 30 had
25 the 27 diameter
26 maximum 27 diameter
27 diameter 28 of
27 diameter 30 had
28 of 29 aaa
30 had 32 enlargement
31 no 32 enlargement

conclusion : the collateral movement of stent graft is a very important factor to cause type i and type iii endoleak in the patients of aaa after evar , and endoleak can be plugged by evar again . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 5 movement
2 : 9 is
3 the 5 movement
4 collateral 5 movement
5 movement 6 of
5 movement 9 is
6 of 8 graft
7 stent 8 graft
9 is 18 and
10 a 11 very
10 a 13 factor
11 very 12 important
12 important 13 factor
13 factor 14 to
13 factor 18 and
14 to 16 type
15 cause 16 type
16 type 17 i
18 and 19 type
19 type 20 iii
19 type 21 endoleak
21 endoleak 22 in
21 endoleak 27 after
21 endoleak 37 again
22 in 24 patients
23 the 24 patients
24 patients 25 of
25 of 26 aaa
27 after 30 and
27 after 34 plugged
28 evar 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 endoleak
30 and 32 can
32 can 33 be
33 be 34 plugged
34 plugged 35 by
35 by 36 evar

comparative neuroimaging can identify unique features of the human brain and teach us about human brain evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neuroimaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 comparative 2 neuroimaging
2 neuroimaging 3 can
3 can 11 and
4 identify 6 features
4 identify 11 and
5 unique 6 features
6 features 7 of
7 of 10 brain
8 the 10 brain
9 human 10 brain
11 and 12 teach
11 and 17 evolution
12 teach 13 us
12 teach 14 about
14 about 16 brain
15 human 16 brain

comparisons with chimpanzees , our closest living primate relative , are critical in this [endeavor] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparisons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 comparisons 2 with
1 comparisons 11 are
2 with 3 chimpanzees
3 chimpanzees 9 relative
4 , 9 relative
5 our 6 closest
5 our 9 relative
7 living 9 relative
8 primate 9 relative
9 relative 10 ,
11 are 12 critical
12 critical 13 in
13 in 14 this

structural magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) has been used to compare brain size development , brain structure proportions and brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 structural 3 resonance
2 magnetic 3 resonance
3 resonance 4 imaging
4 imaging 6 mri
4 imaging 8 has
5 ( 6 mri
6 mri 7 )
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 used
10 used 11 to
11 to 16 ,
12 compare 15 development
12 compare 16 ,
13 brain 15 development
14 size 15 development
16 , 17 brain
16 , 20 and
18 structure 19 proportions
19 proportions 20 and
20 and 21 brain
20 and 22 aging

positron emission tomography ( pet ) imaging has been used to compare resting brain glucose metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 emission
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 positron 2 emission
2 emission 7 imaging
2 emission 9 been
2 emission 10 used
3 tomography 5 pet
3 tomography 6 )
3 tomography 7 imaging
4 ( 5 pet
5 pet 6 )
7 imaging 8 has
8 has 9 been
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 compare
11 to 12 compare
12 compare 16 metabolism
13 resting 14 brain
14 brain 16 metabolism
15 glucose 16 metabolism

functional mri ( fmri ) has been used to compare auditory and visual system pathways , as well as resting - state networks of connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 functional
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 functional 7 been
1 functional 9 to
2 mri 4 fmri
2 mri 6 has
3 ( 4 fmri
4 fmri 5 )
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 used
9 to 10 compare
10 compare 15 pathways
11 auditory 12 and
12 and 13 visual
12 and 15 pathways
14 system 15 pathways
16 , 22 state
17 as 18 well
17 as 22 state
18 well 20 resting
19 as 20 resting
20 resting 21 -
22 state 23 networks
23 networks 24 of
24 of 25 connectivity

finally , diffusion [-] weighted imaging ( dwi ) has been used to compare structural connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 6 imaging
3 diffusion 5 weighted
5 weighted 6 imaging
6 imaging 8 dwi
6 imaging 10 has
7 ( 8 dwi
8 dwi 9 )
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 compare
13 to 14 compare
14 compare 16 connectivity
15 structural 16 connectivity

collectively , these methods have revealed human brain specializations with respect to development , cortical organization , connectivity , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 methods
3 these 4 methods
4 methods 5 have
5 have 6 revealed
6 revealed 9 specializations
6 revealed 10 with
6 revealed 12 to
7 human 9 specializations
8 brain 9 specializations
10 with 11 respect
12 to 20 and
13 development 14 ,
14 , 16 organization
14 , 17 ,
15 cortical 16 organization
17 , 18 connectivity
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 aging

these findings inform our knowledge of the evolutionary changes responsible for the special features of the modern human mind . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 inform
3 inform 5 knowledge
4 our 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 of
6 of 9 changes
7 the 9 changes
8 evolutionary 9 changes
9 changes 10 responsible
10 responsible 11 for
11 for 14 features
12 the 14 features
13 special 14 features
14 features 15 of
15 of 19 mind
16 the 19 mind
17 modern 19 mind
18 human 19 mind

objectives : we explore whether spousal caregiving is associated with enhanced well - being for older husbands and wives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 explore
3 we 4 explore
4 explore 5 whether
5 whether 7 caregiving
5 whether 9 associated
6 spousal 7 caregiving
7 caregiving 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 well
11 enhanced 12 well
12 well 14 being
13 - 14 being
14 being 15 for
14 being 20 .
15 for 18 and
16 older 17 husbands
17 husbands 18 and
18 and 19 wives

method : we use time diary data from the 2009 panel study of income dynamics and disability and use of time supplement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 use
3 we 4 use
4 use 7 data
4 use 8 from
5 time 7 data
6 diary 7 data
8 from 12 study
9 the 12 study
10 2009 11 panel
11 panel 12 study
12 study 13 of
12 study 18 and
12 study 22 supplement
13 of 14 income
15 dynamics 16 and
16 and 17 disability
16 and 18 and
18 and 19 use
18 and 20 of
18 and 22 supplement
20 of 21 time

we measure experienced well - being as ratings of happiness and frustration during activities recalled for the previous day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 we 2 measure
2 measure 4 well
3 experienced 4 well
5 - 6 being
5 - 15 recalled
5 - 20 .
7 as 11 and
7 as 15 recalled
8 ratings 9 of
8 ratings 11 and
9 of 10 happiness
11 and 12 frustration
11 and 13 during
11 and 15 recalled
13 during 14 activities
15 recalled 16 for
16 for 19 day
17 the 18 previous
17 the 19 day

we estimate separately for husbands and wives 3 distinct effects on experienced well - being : having a spouse with a disability [;] doing household or personal care tasks ( " chores " ) for someone other than a spouse with a disability [;] and doing such tasks for a spouse with a disability ( " care " ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 we 2 estimate
2 estimate 3 separately
2 estimate 4 for
2 estimate 10 effects
2 estimate 11 on
4 for 6 and
5 husbands 6 and
6 and 7 wives
8 3 10 effects
9 distinct 10 effects
11 on 13 well
12 experienced 13 well
14 - 15 being
14 - 16 :
15 being 16 :
16 : 17 having
17 having 19 spouse
17 having 38 than
17 having 41 with
18 a 19 spouse
19 spouse 20 with
19 spouse 35 for
20 with 26 or
21 a 25 household
22 disability 25 household
24 doing 25 household
25 household 26 or
26 or 29 tasks
26 or 32 chores
27 personal 28 care
28 care 29 tasks
30 ( 31 "
30 ( 32 chores
32 chores 33 "
32 chores 34 )
35 for 36 someone
37 other 38 than
38 than 40 spouse
39 a 40 spouse
41 with 45 and
41 with 48 tasks
42 a 43 disability
43 disability 45 and
45 and 46 doing
47 such 48 tasks
48 tasks 49 for
49 for 51 spouse
50 a 51 spouse
51 spouse 52 with
51 spouse 57 care
52 with 54 disability
53 a 54 disability
55 ( 56 "
55 ( 57 care
57 care 58 "
57 care 59 )

results : for husbands , neither care status nor spouse ['s] disability status are associated with experienced well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 4 husbands
5 , 9 nor
5 , 15 associated
5 , 19 -
6 neither 9 nor
7 care 8 status
8 status 9 nor
9 nor 13 status
9 nor 14 are
10 spouse 13 status
12 disability 13 status
14 are 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 well
17 experienced 18 well
19 - 20 being
19 - 21 .

in contrast , for wives , carrying out chores [is] associated with lower reports of happiness compared with other activities and providing care to one 's husband is associated with greater reports of happiness than carrying out chores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 chores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 chores
2 contrast 4 for
3 , 4 for
4 for 5 wives
4 for 6 ,
7 carrying 9 chores
8 out 9 chores
9 chores 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 reports
13 lower 14 reports
14 reports 15 of
15 of 16 happiness
16 happiness 17 compared
16 happiness 18 with
18 with 20 activities
19 other 20 activities
21 and 22 providing
21 and 29 associated
22 providing 23 care
22 providing 28 is
23 care 24 to
24 to 27 husband
25 one 26 's
26 's 27 husband
28 is 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 32 reports
30 with 35 than
30 with 36 carrying
31 greater 32 reports
32 reports 33 of
33 of 34 happiness
36 carrying 37 out
36 carrying 38 chores

discussion : for women , chores such as meal preparation , laundry , and cleaning -- but not caregiving per se -- are associated with worse experienced well - being than other activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 4 women
5 , 14 and
5 , 24 associated
6 chores 8 as
6 chores 11 ,
7 such 8 as
8 as 10 preparation
9 meal 10 preparation
11 , 12 laundry
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 cleaning
14 and 17 but
14 and 23 are
16 -- 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 22 --
18 not 19 caregiving
19 caregiving 21 se
20 per 21 se
23 are 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 28 well
26 worse 28 well
27 experienced 28 well
28 well 30 being
29 - 30 being
30 being 31 than
30 being 33 activities
30 being 34 .
32 other 33 activities

findings [underscore] that there are positive aspects of spousal caregiving for older wives [that] offset the innately unpleasant nature of household tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 offset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 findings 3 that
1 findings 15 offset
3 that 4 there
3 that 5 are
4 there 5 are
5 are 7 aspects
6 positive 7 aspects
7 aspects 8 of
8 of 10 caregiving
9 spousal 10 caregiving
10 caregiving 11 for
11 for 13 wives
12 older 13 wives
15 offset 19 nature
16 the 19 nature
17 innately 18 unpleasant
18 unpleasant 19 nature
19 nature 20 of
20 of 22 tasks
21 household 22 tasks

the impact of [intrinsic] aging upon human peripheral blood t cell subsets remains incompletely quantified and understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 16 and
3 of 5 aging
5 aging 6 upon
5 aging 12 subsets
6 upon 9 blood
7 human 9 blood
8 peripheral 9 blood
9 blood 10 t
11 cell 12 subsets
13 remains 15 quantified
13 remains 16 and
14 incompletely 15 quantified
16 and 17 understood

this impact must be distinguished from the influence of latent persistent microorganisms , particularly cmv , which has been associated with age - related changes in the [t] cell pool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 distinguished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 impact
2 impact 3 must
3 must 4 be
4 be 5 distinguished
5 distinguished 6 from
6 from 8 influence
7 the 8 influence
8 influence 9 of
9 of 12 microorganisms
10 latent 12 microorganisms
11 persistent 12 microorganisms
13 , 15 cmv
13 , 24 related
14 particularly 15 cmv
15 cmv 17 which
15 cmv 24 related
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 has
17 which 23 -
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 age
24 related 25 changes
24 related 26 in
26 in 30 pool
27 the 30 pool
29 cell 30 pool

[in] a cross - sectional cohort of 152 cmv - negative individuals , aged 21 - 101 y , we found that aging correlated [strictly] to an absolute loss of naive cd8 , but not cd4 , [t] cells [but] , contrary to many reports , [did] not lead to an increase in memory t cell numbers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
2 a 3 cross
4 - 6 cohort
4 - 16 -
5 sectional 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 of
6 cohort 14 aged
7 of 8 152
9 cmv 12 individuals
10 - 12 individuals
11 negative 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 ,
13 , 14 aged
14 aged 15 21
14 aged 16 -
16 - 17 101
16 - 19 ,
17 101 18 y
19 , 20 we
20 we 21 found
21 found 23 aging
21 found 26 to
22 that 23 aging
23 aging 24 correlated
26 to 29 loss
27 an 29 loss
28 absolute 29 loss
29 loss 30 of
30 of 42 contrary
31 naive 42 contrary
32 cd8 34 but
32 cd8 39 cells
32 cd8 42 contrary
33 , 34 but
34 but 35 not
34 but 36 cd4
34 but 37 ,
37 , 39 cells
39 cells 41 ,
42 contrary 43 to
43 to 45 reports
44 many 45 reports
45 reports 49 lead
46 , 48 not
46 , 49 lead
49 lead 50 to
49 lead 53 in
49 lead 56 cell
49 lead 57 numbers
49 lead 58 .
50 to 52 increase
51 an 52 increase
53 in 54 memory
54 memory 55 t
56 cell 57 numbers

the loss of naive cd8 t cells was not altered by cmv in 239 subjects ( range 21 - 96 [y] ) , but the decline in cd4 [(] [+] ) naive cells showed significance in cmv ( [+] [ )(individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
1 the 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 8 was
3 of 7 cells
4 naive 7 cells
5 cd8 6 t
5 cd8 7 cells
8 was 9 not
8 was 11 by
8 was 13 in
9 not 10 altered
11 by 12 cmv
13 in 15 subjects
14 239 15 subjects
15 subjects 17 range
16 ( 17 range
17 range 19 -
17 range 22 )
18 21 19 -
19 - 20 96
23 , 33 cells
23 , 34 showed
24 but 26 decline
24 but 33 cells
25 the 26 decline
27 in 28 cd4
27 in 31 )
27 in 33 cells
32 naive 33 cells
33 cells 34 showed
34 showed 35 significance
34 showed 36 in
36 in 37 cmv
37 cmv 41 )(individuals
38 ( 41 )(individuals
41 )(individuals 42 .

these individuals also exhibited an absolute increase in the effector/effector memory cd4 ( [+] [ )(and cd8 [(] [+] ) cells with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 individuals
2 individuals 4 exhibited
3 also 4 exhibited
4 exhibited 7 increase
4 exhibited 8 in
4 exhibited 22 with
5 an 6 absolute
5 an 7 increase
6 absolute 7 increase
8 in 21 cells
9 the 21 cells
10 effector/effector 21 cells
11 memory 21 cells
12 cd4 16 )(and
13 ( 16 )(and
16 )(and 17 cd8
16 )(and 20 )
16 )(and 21 cells
22 with 23 age

that increase was seen mainly , [if] not exclusively , in older subjects with elevated anti - [cmv] ab titers , suggesting that efficacy of viral control over time may determine the magnitude of cmv impact upon [t] cell memory , and perhaps upon immune defense . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 that 2 increase
2 increase 3 was
3 was 4 seen
4 seen 5 mainly
4 seen 11 in
4 seen 14 with
5 mainly 9 exclusively
6 , 8 not
6 , 9 exclusively
9 exclusively 10 ,
11 in 13 subjects
12 older 13 subjects
14 with 22 suggesting
14 with 36 impact
15 elevated 22 suggesting
16 anti 20 titers
16 anti 21 ,
16 anti 22 suggesting
17 - 20 titers
19 ab 20 titers
20 titers 21 ,
22 suggesting 23 that
22 suggesting 31 determine
23 that 24 efficacy
23 that 31 determine
24 efficacy 25 of
24 efficacy 30 may
25 of 27 control
26 viral 27 control
27 control 28 over
28 over 29 time
30 may 31 determine
31 determine 33 magnitude
32 the 33 magnitude
33 magnitude 34 of
34 of 35 cmv
36 impact 42 and
37 upon 40 memory
37 upon 42 and
39 cell 40 memory
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 perhaps
42 and 44 upon
44 upon 46 defense
45 immune 46 defense

these findings provide important new insights into the age - related changes in the peripheral blood pool of older adults , demonstrating that aging and [cmv] exert both distinct and joint influence upon blood t cell homeostasis in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 25 and
3 provide 6 insights
3 provide 7 into
3 provide 25 and
4 important 6 insights
5 new 6 insights
7 into 9 age
8 the 9 age
9 age 22 demonstrating
9 age 24 aging
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 changes
11 related 13 in
11 related 21 ,
11 related 22 demonstrating
13 in 17 pool
14 the 17 pool
15 peripheral 16 blood
16 blood 17 pool
17 pool 18 of
18 of 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
22 demonstrating 23 that
22 demonstrating 24 aging
23 that 24 aging
25 and 27 exert
25 and 37 homeostasis
27 exert 30 and
27 exert 33 upon
28 both 30 and
29 distinct 30 and
30 and 32 influence
31 joint 32 influence
33 upon 34 blood
34 blood 35 t
36 cell 37 homeostasis
37 homeostasis 38 in
38 in 39 humans

in addition to positive and negative symptoms , cognitive deficits are increasingly being recognized as a core feature of schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 8 ,
1 in 10 deficits
2 addition 3 to
3 to 7 symptoms
4 positive 5 and
5 and 6 negative
5 and 7 symptoms
9 cognitive 10 deficits
10 deficits 11 are
11 are 13 being
12 increasingly 13 being
13 being 14 recognized
14 recognized 15 as
15 as 18 feature
16 a 18 feature
17 core 18 feature
18 feature 19 of
19 of 20 schizophrenia

neurocognitive impairments are strongly associated with functional outcomes ; thus , the treatment of cognitive impairments is of central importance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impairments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 neurocognitive 2 impairments
2 impairments 3 are
3 are 4 strongly
3 are 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 outcomes
7 functional 8 outcomes
9 ; 13 treatment
9 ; 17 is
10 thus 11 ,
10 thus 13 treatment
12 the 13 treatment
13 treatment 14 of
13 treatment 17 is
14 of 16 impairments
15 cognitive 16 impairments
17 is 18 of
18 of 20 importance
19 central 20 importance

a large body of evidence suggests that the [serotonin] 6 ( 5 - ht6 ) [receptors] may be potential targets for cognitive improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 large
1 a 3 body
2 large 3 body
3 body 4 of
3 body 6 suggests
4 of 5 evidence
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 10 6
7 that 18 be
8 the 10 6
10 6 13 -
10 6 17 may
11 ( 13 -
12 5 13 -
13 - 14 ht6
13 - 15 )
17 may 18 be
18 be 20 targets
19 potential 20 targets
20 targets 21 for
21 for 23 improvement
22 cognitive 23 improvement

clinical and preclinical studies have supported the notion that using 5 [-] ht6 receptor antagonists is a promising component in the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions associated with aging and alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 clinical 2 and
2 and 3 preclinical
2 and 4 studies
2 and 6 supported
2 and 29 and
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 supported
6 supported 8 notion
7 the 8 notion
8 notion 9 that
9 that 10 using
9 that 16 is
10 using 15 antagonists
10 using 16 is
11 5 15 antagonists
13 ht6 15 antagonists
14 receptor 15 antagonists
16 is 19 component
16 is 20 in
17 a 18 promising
17 a 19 component
18 promising 19 component
20 in 22 treatment
21 the 22 treatment
22 treatment 23 of
23 of 25 dysfunctions
24 cognitive 25 dysfunctions
25 dysfunctions 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 28 aging
29 and 32 disease
30 alzheimer 31 's
31 's 32 disease

however , less is known about the efficacy of this strategy in the treatment of schizophrenia - like cognitive disturbances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 less
3 less 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 12 in
6 about 8 efficacy
7 the 8 efficacy
8 efficacy 9 of
9 of 11 strategy
10 this 11 strategy
12 in 14 treatment
13 the 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 of
15 of 16 schizophrenia
16 schizophrenia 18 like
17 - 18 like
18 like 20 disturbances
18 like 21 .
19 cognitive 20 disturbances

the purpose of this review is to summarize existing data on the effects of 5 - ht6 receptor antagonists in animal experiments , utilizing tasks that assess cognitive domains that are relevant to the cognitive deficits characterizing schizophrenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 summarize
7 to 8 summarize
8 summarize 10 data
8 summarize 11 on
8 summarize 33 to
9 existing 10 data
11 on 13 effects
12 the 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
13 effects 24 utilizing
13 effects 26 that
13 effects 27 assess
14 of 15 5
15 5 19 antagonists
16 - 19 antagonists
17 ht6 18 receptor
18 receptor 19 antagonists
19 antagonists 20 in
19 antagonists 23 ,
20 in 22 experiments
21 animal 22 experiments
24 utilizing 25 tasks
26 that 27 assess
27 assess 29 domains
28 cognitive 29 domains
29 domains 30 that
29 domains 31 are
30 that 31 are
31 are 32 relevant
33 to 36 deficits
34 the 36 deficits
35 cognitive 36 deficits
36 deficits 37 characterizing
37 characterizing 38 schizophrenia

this review focuses primarily on animal models of schizophrenia that are based on the blockade of n - methyl - d - aspartate receptors ; however , [when] relevant , data obtained in other models are also discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 primarily
4 primarily 5 on
5 on 7 models
6 animal 7 models
7 models 8 of
7 models 10 that
7 models 11 are
8 of 9 schizophrenia
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 based
12 based 13 on
13 on 15 blockade
14 the 15 blockade
15 blockade 16 of
15 blockade 19 methyl
15 blockade 22 -
16 of 17 n
18 - 19 methyl
19 methyl 20 -
20 - 22 -
21 d 22 -
22 - 24 receptors
22 - 25 ;
23 aspartate 24 receptors
25 ; 31 data
25 ; 36 are
26 however 31 data
27 , 29 relevant
29 relevant 30 ,
29 relevant 31 data
31 data 32 obtained
31 data 36 are
32 obtained 33 in
33 in 35 models
34 other 35 models
36 are 37 also
36 are 38 discussed

the putative procognitive actions of 5 [-] ht6 agonists are also reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 actions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 4 actions
2 putative 4 actions
3 procognitive 4 actions
4 actions 5 of
4 actions 10 are
5 of 9 agonists
6 5 9 agonists
8 ht6 9 agonists
10 are 12 reviewed
11 also 12 reviewed

finally , the mechanisms that are putatively responsible for the procognitive effects of 5 [-] ht6 [receptor] ligands are briefly discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 that
4 mechanisms 6 are
4 mechanisms 19 are
5 that 6 are
6 are 7 putatively
6 are 8 responsible
8 responsible 9 for
9 for 12 effects
10 the 12 effects
11 procognitive 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 5
14 5 16 ht6
14 5 18 ligands
16 ht6 18 ligands
19 are 20 briefly
19 are 21 discussed

heme oxygenase ( ho ) was regarded as an enzyme to degrade heme in aging red blood cells ; recent studies suggested ho might have other functions such as neuroprotection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oxygenase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 heme 2 oxygenase
2 oxygenase 4 ho
2 oxygenase 6 was
3 ( 4 ho
4 ho 5 )
6 was 7 regarded
7 regarded 8 as
8 as 10 enzyme
9 an 10 enzyme
10 enzyme 11 to
10 enzyme 12 degrade
11 to 12 degrade
12 degrade 13 heme
12 degrade 14 in
14 in 15 aging
15 aging 18 cells
16 red 17 blood
17 blood 18 cells
19 ; 21 studies
19 ; 22 suggested
20 recent 21 studies
21 studies 22 suggested
22 suggested 23 ho
22 suggested 25 have
23 ho 24 might
24 might 25 have
25 have 27 functions
26 other 27 functions
27 functions 29 as
28 such 29 as
29 as 30 neuroprotection

ho degrades heme to produce carbon monoxide ( co ) , iron ( fe²⁺ ) and biliverdin , which is rapidly converted to bilirubin ( br ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 degrades
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 ho 2 degrades
2 degrades 16 and
3 heme 4 to
3 heme 16 and
4 to 7 monoxide
5 produce 7 monoxide
6 carbon 7 monoxide
7 monoxide 9 co
7 monoxide 12 iron
8 ( 9 co
9 co 10 )
11 , 12 iron
12 iron 14 fe²⁺
12 iron 15 )
13 ( 14 fe²⁺
14 fe²⁺ 15 )
16 and 17 biliverdin
18 , 19 which
18 , 22 converted
19 which 20 is
20 is 22 converted
21 rapidly 22 converted
22 converted 23 to
23 to 24 bilirubin
24 bilirubin 26 br
25 ( 26 br
26 br 27 )

three isoforms of ho were identified in the brain : inducible form ( ho - 1 ) and constitutive forms ( ho - 2 and ho - 3 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 isoforms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 three 2 isoforms
2 isoforms 3 of
2 isoforms 5 were
3 of 4 ho
5 were 6 identified
6 identified 7 in
7 in 9 brain
8 the 9 brain
10 : 12 form
11 inducible 12 form
12 form 18 and
12 form 26 ho
13 ( 18 and
14 ho 16 1
14 ho 18 and
15 - 16 1
16 1 17 )
18 and 20 forms
18 and 22 ho
18 and 23 -
19 constitutive 20 forms
21 ( 22 ho
22 ho 23 -
23 - 26 ho
24 2 25 and
25 and 26 ho
26 ho 28 3
26 ho 29 )
27 - 28 3
28 3 29 )

ho - 1 and ho - 2 may have different mechanisms to protect neurons from oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 - 3 1
2 - 4 and
4 and 7 2
4 and 9 have
5 ho 6 -
5 ho 7 2
7 2 8 may
8 may 9 have
9 have 11 mechanisms
9 have 12 to
10 different 11 mechanisms
12 to 13 protect
13 protect 14 neurons
14 neurons 15 from
15 from 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress

ho - 1 is normally barely detectable in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 ho 2 -
1 ho 3 1
3 1 4 is
4 is 5 normally
4 is 7 detectable
6 barely 7 detectable
7 detectable 8 in
8 in 10 brain
9 the 10 brain

ho - 1 can be induced mainly in microglia and astrocytes by oxidative stimulus rapidly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 can
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 ho 2 -
1 ho 4 can
3 1 4 can
4 can 10 and
5 be 6 induced
5 be 10 and
6 induced 7 mainly
7 mainly 8 in
8 in 9 microglia
10 and 11 astrocytes
10 and 12 by
10 and 15 rapidly
12 by 14 stimulus
13 oxidative 14 stimulus

ho - 1 might function as an emerging molecule to protect neurons against acute insults mediated by facilitating iron [efflux] from cells under stress conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 - 3 1
2 - 5 function
3 1 4 might
4 might 5 function
5 function 6 as
5 function 13 against
6 as 9 molecule
7 an 9 molecule
8 emerging 9 molecule
9 molecule 10 to
9 molecule 11 protect
10 to 11 protect
11 protect 12 neurons
13 against 15 insults
14 acute 15 insults
15 insults 16 mediated
15 insults 23 under
16 mediated 17 by
17 by 18 facilitating
18 facilitating 19 iron
19 iron 21 from
21 from 22 cells
23 under 25 conditions
24 stress 25 conditions

up - regulation of ho - 1 was also found in brain glial cells in the aging and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 up 2 -
1 up 3 regulation
3 regulation 4 of
3 regulation 18 and
4 of 5 ho
5 ho 7 1
5 ho 10 found
6 - 7 1
7 1 8 was
8 was 10 found
9 also 10 found
10 found 11 in
10 found 15 in
11 in 14 cells
12 brain 14 cells
13 glial 14 cells
15 in 17 aging
16 the 17 aging
18 and 20 diseases
19 neurodegenerative 20 diseases

this may lead to iron deposition and oxidative mitochondrial injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 lead
3 lead 4 to
4 to 7 and
5 iron 6 deposition
6 deposition 7 and
7 and 10 injury
8 oxidative 10 injury
9 mitochondrial 10 injury

ho - 1 may confer neuroprotection or neurotoxic effect because of the balance between beneficial and toxic effects of heme and heme products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 ho 2 -
1 ho 3 1
3 1 4 may
4 may 5 confer
5 confer 7 or
5 confer 10 because
6 neuroprotection 7 or
7 or 9 effect
8 neurotoxic 9 effect
10 because 11 of
11 of 21 and
12 the 13 balance
13 balance 14 between
13 balance 19 of
13 balance 21 and
14 between 18 effects
15 beneficial 16 and
16 and 17 toxic
16 and 18 effects
19 of 20 heme
21 and 23 products
22 heme 23 products

pharmacological modulation of [ho] - 1 induction represents a therapeutic strategy for several nervous system disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 pharmacological 2 modulation
2 modulation 3 of
2 modulation 8 represents
3 of 7 induction
5 - 6 1
6 1 7 induction
8 represents 11 strategy
9 a 10 therapeutic
9 a 11 strategy
10 therapeutic 11 strategy
11 strategy 12 for
12 for 16 disorders
13 several 16 disorders
14 nervous 15 system
15 system 16 disorders

ho - 2 predominantly expressed in neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
2 - 7 neurons
3 2 6 in
4 predominantly 5 expressed
5 expressed 6 in
6 in 7 neurons

bilirubin has been demonstrated to protect neurons from oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bilirubin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bilirubin 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 to
5 to 6 protect
6 protect 7 neurons
6 protect 13 and
7 neurons 8 from
8 from 10 stress
9 oxidative 10 stress
11 in 12 vivo
12 vivo 13 and
13 and 15 vitro
14 in 15 vitro

bilirubin can be oxidized to biliverdin by scavenging peroxyl radicals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bilirubin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 oxidized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 bilirubin 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 oxidized
4 oxidized 5 to
4 oxidized 7 by
5 to 6 biliverdin
7 by 10 radicals
8 scavenging 9 peroxyl
9 peroxyl 10 radicals

ho - 2 could protect neurons through bilirubin [pathway] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 protect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 ho 2 -
1 ho 3 2
3 2 4 could
4 could 5 protect
5 protect 6 neurons
5 protect 7 through
7 through 8 bilirubin

ho - 2 might also promote neuronal survival through the co - cgmp - mapk pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 ho 2 -
1 ho 3 2
3 2 4 might
4 might 6 promote
5 also 6 promote
6 promote 8 survival
6 promote 9 through
7 neuronal 8 survival
9 through 11 co
10 the 11 co
11 co 13 cgmp
12 - 13 cgmp
13 cgmp 14 -
14 - 16 pathway
14 - 17 .
15 mapk 16 pathway

biliverdin/bilirubin may be possible therapeutic candidates to treat nervous system disease related with oxidative damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biliverdin/bilirubin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 biliverdin/bilirubin 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 6 candidates
4 possible 6 candidates
5 therapeutic 6 candidates
6 candidates 7 to
7 to 11 disease
8 treat 11 disease
9 nervous 10 system
10 system 11 disease
11 disease 12 related
12 related 13 with
13 with 15 damage
14 oxidative 15 damage

the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription ( stat )3 has been considered as a potential anticancer target since its first description as an oncogene in 1999 , recently leading to stat3 inhibitors [been] brought to [clinical] trial for the treatment of solid tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 considered
1 the 3 factor
2 transcription 3 factor
3 factor 6 and
3 factor 12 )3
3 factor 13 has
4 signal 5 transducer
5 transducer 6 and
6 and 7 activator
6 and 8 of
6 and 12 )3
8 of 11 stat
9 transcription 11 stat
10 ( 11 stat
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 considered
15 considered 16 as
15 considered 21 since
15 considered 28 in
16 as 20 target
17 a 18 potential
17 a 20 target
18 potential 19 anticancer
19 anticancer 20 target
21 since 24 description
22 its 23 first
22 its 24 description
24 description 25 as
25 as 27 oncogene
26 an 27 oncogene
28 in 29 1999
29 1999 32 leading
30 , 32 leading
31 recently 32 leading
32 leading 33 to
32 leading 35 inhibitors
32 leading 41 for
32 leading 47 .
33 to 34 stat3
35 inhibitors 37 brought
37 brought 40 trial
38 to 40 trial
41 for 43 treatment
42 the 43 treatment
43 treatment 44 of
44 of 46 tumors
45 solid 46 tumors

however , the past 14 years of intense basic research have uncovered novel stat3 - mediated pathways that could affect the outcome of the designed therapies while at the same time help designing function - specific inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 14
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 uncovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 14
3 the 4 past
3 the 5 14
5 14 6 years
5 14 11 have
5 14 12 uncovered
6 years 7 of
6 years 11 have
7 of 10 research
8 intense 10 research
9 basic 10 research
12 uncovered 14 stat3
13 novel 14 stat3
14 stat3 17 pathways
15 - 17 pathways
16 mediated 17 pathways
17 pathways 18 that
17 pathways 19 could
17 pathways 35 -
18 that 19 could
19 could 20 affect
20 affect 22 outcome
20 affect 27 while
21 the 22 outcome
22 outcome 23 of
23 of 26 therapies
24 the 26 therapies
25 designed 26 therapies
27 while 28 at
28 at 34 function
29 the 30 same
30 same 34 function
31 time 34 function
32 help 34 function
33 designing 34 function
35 - 37 inhibitors
35 - 38 .
36 specific 37 inhibitors

particularly intriguing are the recent findings that suggest profound implications of stat3 with the regulation of cellular metabolism in both canonical , that is transcriptional , and [non] [-] canonical ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intriguing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 particularly 2 intriguing
2 intriguing 3 are
3 are 6 findings
4 the 6 findings
5 recent 6 findings
6 findings 7 that
6 findings 8 suggest
7 that 8 suggest
8 suggest 10 implications
8 suggest 13 with
9 profound 10 implications
10 implications 11 of
11 of 12 stat3
13 with 15 regulation
13 with 21 canonical
14 the 15 regulation
15 regulation 16 of
16 of 18 metabolism
17 cellular 18 metabolism
18 metabolism 19 in
19 in 20 both
22 , 23 that
22 , 24 is
23 that 24 is
24 is 27 and
25 transcriptional 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 canonical
30 canonical 31 ways

here , after a short description of the main known features of stat3 signaling and function , we review the recent literature on the role of stat3 in regulating cellular metabolism and discuss the potential consequences on the therapeutic approaches currently under clinical experimentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 here 18 we
2 , 3 after
3 after 6 description
3 after 17 ,
3 after 18 we
4 a 6 description
5 short 6 description
6 description 7 of
6 description 12 of
7 of 11 features
8 the 11 features
9 main 10 known
10 known 11 features
12 of 15 and
13 stat3 14 signaling
13 stat3 15 and
15 and 16 function
18 we 32 and
19 review 22 literature
19 review 23 on
19 review 28 in
19 review 32 and
20 the 22 literature
21 recent 22 literature
23 on 25 role
24 the 25 role
25 role 26 of
26 of 27 stat3
28 in 29 regulating
29 regulating 31 metabolism
30 cellular 31 metabolism
32 and 33 discuss
32 and 41 currently
32 and 42 under
33 discuss 36 consequences
33 discuss 37 on
34 the 36 consequences
35 potential 36 consequences
37 on 40 approaches
38 the 40 approaches
39 therapeutic 40 approaches
42 under 44 experimentation
43 clinical 44 experimentation

because of the combination of population growth and population aging , increases in the incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders have become a societal concern , both in terms of decreased quality of life and increased financial burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 12 increases
2 of 4 combination
3 the 4 combination
4 combination 5 of
5 of 8 and
6 population 7 growth
7 growth 8 and
8 and 9 population
10 aging 11 ,
10 aging 12 increases
12 increases 13 in
12 increases 20 have
13 in 15 incidence
14 the 15 incidence
15 incidence 16 of
16 of 19 disorders
17 chronic 19 disorders
18 neurodegenerative 19 disorders
20 have 21 become
21 become 24 concern
22 a 24 concern
23 societal 24 concern
25 , 34 and
26 both 27 in
26 both 34 and
27 in 28 terms
28 terms 29 of
28 terms 32 of
29 of 31 quality
30 decreased 31 quality
32 of 33 life
34 and 37 burden
35 increased 37 burden
36 financial 37 burden

clinical [manifestation] of many of these disorders takes years , with the initiation of mild cognitive symptoms leading to behavioral problems , dementia and loss of motor functions , the need for assisted living , and eventual death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 takes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 clinical 3 of
1 clinical 8 takes
3 of 7 disorders
4 many 5 of
4 many 7 disorders
5 of 7 disorders
6 these 7 disorders
8 takes 9 years
9 years 11 with
10 , 11 with
11 with 13 initiation
11 with 22 ,
12 the 13 initiation
13 initiation 14 of
14 of 17 symptoms
15 mild 17 symptoms
16 cognitive 17 symptoms
17 symptoms 18 leading
18 leading 19 to
19 to 21 problems
20 behavioral 21 problems
22 , 36 and
23 dementia 24 and
24 and 25 loss
24 and 26 of
24 and 31 need
24 and 36 and
26 of 28 functions
27 motor 28 functions
29 , 31 need
30 the 31 need
31 need 32 for
31 need 35 ,
32 for 34 living
33 assisted 34 living
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 death
37 eventual 38 death

lifestyle factors greatly affect the progression [of] cognitive decline , with high - risk behaviors including unhealthy diet , lack of exercise , smoking , and exposure to environmental toxins leading to enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 lifestyle 2 factors
2 factors 4 affect
3 greatly 4 affect
4 affect 9 decline
5 the 9 decline
6 progression 9 decline
8 cognitive 9 decline
10 , 18 diet
10 , 19 ,
11 with 16 including
11 with 17 unhealthy
11 with 18 diet
12 high 13 -
12 high 15 behaviors
14 risk 15 behaviors
15 behaviors 16 including
19 , 26 and
20 lack 21 of
20 lack 23 ,
21 of 22 exercise
23 , 24 smoking
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 exposure
26 and 28 to
26 and 31 leading
28 to 30 toxins
29 environmental 30 toxins
31 leading 32 to
32 to 36 and
33 enhanced 35 stress
34 oxidative 35 stress
35 stress 36 and
36 and 37 inflammation

[although] there exists an urgent need to develop effective treatments for age - related cognitive [decline] and neurodegenerative disease , prevention strategies have been underdeveloped . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 there 3 exists
3 exists 6 need
4 an 6 need
5 urgent 6 need
6 need 7 to
6 need 8 develop
7 to 8 develop
8 develop 10 treatments
8 develop 11 for
9 effective 10 treatments
11 for 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 19 disease
15 cognitive 17 and
17 and 18 neurodegenerative
17 and 19 disease
20 , 22 strategies
20 , 24 been
21 prevention 22 strategies
22 strategies 23 have
23 have 24 been
24 been 25 underdeveloped

primary prevention in many of these neurodegenerative diseases could be achieved earlier in life by consuming a healthy diet , rich in antioxidant and anti - inflammatory phytochemicals , which offers one of the most effective and least expensive ways to address the crisis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 primary 2 prevention
2 prevention 3 in
2 prevention 5 of
2 prevention 9 could
3 in 4 many
5 of 8 diseases
6 these 8 diseases
7 neurodegenerative 8 diseases
9 could 10 be
10 be 11 achieved
11 achieved 12 earlier
11 achieved 13 in
11 achieved 20 ,
11 achieved 21 rich
13 in 14 life
14 life 15 by
15 by 16 consuming
16 consuming 19 diet
17 a 18 healthy
17 a 19 diet
18 healthy 19 diet
21 rich 22 in
21 rich 40 ways
22 in 24 and
23 antioxidant 24 and
24 and 28 phytochemicals
24 and 29 ,
24 and 30 which
24 and 31 offers
25 anti 26 -
25 anti 28 phytochemicals
27 inflammatory 28 phytochemicals
30 which 31 offers
31 offers 32 one
32 one 33 of
33 of 35 most
34 the 35 most
36 effective 37 and
37 and 39 expensive
37 and 40 ways
38 least 39 expensive
40 ways 41 to
40 ways 42 address
41 to 42 address
42 address 44 crisis
43 the 44 crisis

english walnuts ( juglans regia l [.] ) are rich in numerous phytochemicals , including high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids , and offer potential benefits to brain health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 walnuts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 english 2 walnuts
2 walnuts 5 regia
2 walnuts 9 are
3 ( 5 regia
4 juglans 5 regia
5 regia 6 l
5 regia 8 )
9 are 10 rich
10 rich 11 in
10 rich 15 including
11 in 13 phytochemicals
12 numerous 13 phytochemicals
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 amounts
15 including 22 ,
16 high 17 amounts
17 amounts 18 of
18 of 21 acids
19 polyunsaturated 21 acids
20 fatty 21 acids
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 potential
23 and 26 benefits
24 offer 25 potential
25 potential 26 benefits
26 benefits 27 to
27 to 28 brain
28 brain 29 health

polyphenolic compounds found in walnuts not only reduce the oxidant and inflammatory load on brain cells but also improve interneuronal signaling , increase neurogenesis , and enhance sequestration of insoluble toxic protein aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 polyphenolic 2 compounds
2 compounds 3 found
2 compounds 18 also
3 found 4 in
4 in 5 walnuts
6 not 7 only
7 only 18 also
8 reduce 11 and
8 reduce 14 on
8 reduce 18 also
9 the 11 and
10 oxidant 11 and
11 and 13 load
12 inflammatory 13 load
14 on 16 cells
15 brain 16 cells
17 but 18 also
18 also 26 and
19 improve 21 signaling
19 improve 26 and
20 interneuronal 21 signaling
21 signaling 24 neurogenesis
22 , 24 neurogenesis
23 increase 24 neurogenesis
24 neurogenesis 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 enhance
27 enhance 28 sequestration
28 sequestration 29 of
29 of 33 aggregates
30 insoluble 32 protein
31 toxic 32 protein
32 protein 33 aggregates

evidence for the beneficial effects of consuming a walnut [-] rich diet is reviewed in this article . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 evidence 2 for
1 evidence 13 is
2 for 5 effects
3 the 5 effects
4 beneficial 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 7 consuming
7 consuming 12 diet
8 a 9 walnut
8 a 12 diet
9 walnut 12 diet
11 rich 12 diet
13 is 14 reviewed
14 reviewed 15 in
15 in 17 article
16 this 17 article

importance : morphometric assessment has emerged as a strong predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 morphometric
2 : 6 emerged
2 : 16 .
3 morphometric 4 assessment
3 morphometric 5 has
3 morphometric 6 emerged
4 assessment 5 has
6 emerged 7 as
7 as 10 predictor
8 a 9 strong
8 a 10 predictor
9 strong 10 predictor
10 predictor 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 postoperative 13 morbidity
13 morbidity 14 and
14 and 15 mortality

however , a gap exists in translating this knowledge to bedside decision making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 gap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 gap
3 a 4 gap
4 gap 5 exists
5 exists 6 in
6 in 7 translating
7 translating 9 knowledge
7 translating 10 to
8 this 9 knowledge
10 to 13 making
11 bedside 13 making
12 decision 13 making

we introduced a novel measure of patient - centered surgical risk assessment : morphometric age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 introduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 introduced
2 introduced 12 assessment
3 a 4 novel
3 a 5 measure
4 novel 5 measure
5 measure 6 of
5 measure 12 assessment
6 of 12 assessment
7 patient 8 -
7 patient 12 assessment
9 centered 12 assessment
10 surgical 12 assessment
11 risk 12 assessment
13 : 15 age
14 morphometric 15 age

objective : to investigate the relationship between morphometric age and posttransplant survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 13 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 relationship
4 investigate 7 between
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 10 and
8 morphometric 9 age
9 age 10 and
10 and 12 survival
11 posttransplant 12 survival

data sources : medical records of recipients of deceased - donor liver transplants ( study population [ )(and kidney donors/trauma patients ( morphometric age control population ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 deceased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 data 2 sources
1 data 8 of
1 data 9 deceased
2 sources 3 :
3 : 5 records
4 medical 5 records
5 records 6 of
6 of 7 recipients
7 recipients 8 of
10 - 13 transplants
11 donor 12 liver
12 liver 13 transplants
13 transplants 18 )(and
14 ( 18 )(and
15 study 16 population
16 population 18 )(and
18 )(and 21 patients
18 )(and 26 population
18 )(and 27 )
19 kidney 21 patients
20 donors/trauma 21 patients
22 ( 26 population
23 morphometric 24 age
24 age 26 population
25 control 26 population
26 population 27 )

study selection : a retrospective cohort study of 348 liver transplant patients and 3313 control patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 study 2 selection
2 selection 3 :
3 : 7 study
4 a 5 retrospective
4 a 7 study
5 retrospective 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 study
7 study 8 of
8 of 13 and
9 348 12 patients
10 liver 12 patients
11 transplant 12 patients
12 patients 13 and
13 and 16 patients
14 3313 16 patients
15 control 16 patients

we assessed medical records for validated morphometric characteristics of aging ( psoas area , psoas density , and abdominal aortic calcification ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 4 records
2 assessed 5 for
3 medical 4 records
5 for 8 characteristics
6 validated 8 characteristics
7 morphometric 8 characteristics
8 characteristics 9 of
8 characteristics 18 and
9 of 10 aging
11 ( 18 and
12 psoas 13 area
13 area 14 ,
14 , 16 density
14 , 18 and
15 psoas 16 density
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 calcification
18 and 22 )
19 abdominal 21 calcification
20 aortic 21 calcification

we created a model ( stratified by sex ) for a morphometric age equation , which we then calculated for the control population using multivariate linear regression modeling ( covariates ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 created
2 created 4 model
2 created 10 for
3 a 4 model
4 model 6 stratified
5 ( 6 stratified
6 stratified 7 by
6 stratified 9 )
7 by 8 sex
10 for 14 equation
11 a 12 morphometric
11 a 14 equation
12 morphometric 13 age
13 age 14 equation
14 equation 16 which
15 , 16 which
16 which 19 calculated
16 which 31 )
17 we 19 calculated
18 then 19 calculated
19 calculated 20 for
20 for 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 control 23 population
23 population 24 using
24 using 28 modeling
25 multivariate 27 regression
26 linear 27 regression
27 regression 28 modeling
28 modeling 30 covariates
29 ( 30 covariates
30 covariates 31 )

these models were then applied to the study population to determine each patient 's morphometric age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 models
2 models 3 were
3 were 5 applied
4 then 5 applied
5 applied 6 to
5 applied 10 to
6 to 9 population
7 the 9 population
8 study 9 population
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 16 age
12 each 13 patient
13 patient 14 's
14 's 16 age
15 morphometric 16 age

data extraction and synthesis : all analytic steps related to measuring morphometric characteristics were obtained via custom algorithms programmed into commercially available software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 synthesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 data 2 extraction
2 extraction 3 and
3 and 4 synthesis
5 : 6 all
5 : 15 obtained
5 : 24 .
6 all 8 steps
6 all 11 measuring
6 all 14 were
7 analytic 8 steps
8 steps 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 11 measuring
11 measuring 13 characteristics
12 morphometric 13 characteristics
14 were 15 obtained
15 obtained 16 via
16 via 18 algorithms
17 custom 18 algorithms
18 algorithms 19 programmed
18 algorithms 20 into
20 into 23 software
21 commercially 22 available
22 available 23 software

an independent observer confirmed [all] algorithm [outputs] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 an 2 independent
1 an 6 algorithm
2 independent 3 observer
3 observer 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 6 algorithm

trained assistants performed medical record review to obtain patient characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assistants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 record
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 trained 2 assistants
2 assistants 3 performed
2 assistants 5 record
3 performed 4 medical
5 record 6 review
5 record 7 to
7 to 8 obtain
8 obtain 10 characteristics
9 patient 10 characteristics

results : cox proportional hazards regression [model] showed that morphometric age was a significant independent predictor of overall mortality ( hazard ratio [,] 1.03 per morphometric year [ 95 % ci , 1.02 - 1.04 [;] p < .001[!] ] ) after liver transplant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 5 hazards
2 : 44 transplant
3 cox 5 hazards
4 proportional 5 hazards
5 hazards 6 regression
5 hazards 8 showed
5 hazards 44 transplant
6 regression 8 showed
8 showed 9 that
9 that 11 age
9 that 12 was
10 morphometric 11 age
11 age 12 was
12 was 16 predictor
12 was 34 -
12 was 42 after
13 a 14 significant
13 a 16 predictor
14 significant 16 predictor
15 independent 16 predictor
16 predictor 17 of
16 predictor 22 ratio
17 of 19 mortality
18 overall 19 mortality
20 ( 22 ratio
21 hazard 22 ratio
22 ratio 24 1.03
22 ratio 25 per
22 ratio 31 ci
22 ratio 32 ,
25 per 27 year
26 morphometric 27 year
28 [ 31 ci
29 95 31 ci
30 % 31 ci
31 ci 32 ,
32 , 34 -
33 1.02 34 -
34 - 35 1.04
34 - 41 )
35 1.04 38 <
37 p 38 <
38 < 39 .001[!]
38 < 40 ]
42 after 43 liver

chronologic age was not a significant covariate for survival ( hazard ratio [,] 1.02 per year [ 95 % ci , 0.99 - 1.04 [;] p = .21[!] ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 chronologic 2 age
2 age 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 7 covariate
5 a 7 covariate
6 significant 7 covariate
7 covariate 8 for
7 covariate 23 -
8 for 9 survival
9 survival 12 ratio
10 ( 12 ratio
11 hazard 12 ratio
12 ratio 14 1.02
12 ratio 15 per
12 ratio 20 ci
12 ratio 21 ,
15 per 16 year
17 [ 20 ci
18 95 20 ci
19 % 20 ci
20 ci 21 ,
21 , 23 -
22 0.99 23 -
23 - 24 1.04
23 - 27 =
23 - 30 )
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 .21[!]
27 = 29 ]

morphometric age stratified patients at high and low risk for mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stratified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 morphometric 2 age
2 age 3 stratified
3 stratified 4 patients
3 stratified 5 at
5 at 9 risk
6 high 7 and
7 and 8 low
7 and 9 risk
9 risk 10 for
10 for 11 mortality

for example , patients in the middle chronologic age tertile who jumped to the oldest morphometric tertile have worse outcomes than those who jumped to the youngest morphometric tertile ( 74.4 % vs 93.2 % survival at 1 year [ p = .03[!] ] [;] 45.2 % vs 75.0 % at 5 years [ p = .03[!] []] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 4 patients
4 patients 5 in
4 patients 13 to
4 patients 18 have
5 in 10 tertile
6 the 10 tertile
7 middle 10 tertile
8 chronologic 9 age
9 age 10 tertile
10 tertile 11 who
10 tertile 12 jumped
11 who 12 jumped
13 to 17 tertile
14 the 15 oldest
14 the 17 tertile
16 morphometric 17 tertile
18 have 20 outcomes
18 have 21 than
18 have 51 at
18 have 56 =
19 worse 20 outcomes
21 than 22 those
22 those 23 who
22 those 24 jumped
23 who 24 jumped
24 jumped 25 to
24 jumped 47 %
25 to 29 tertile
26 the 27 youngest
26 the 29 tertile
28 morphometric 29 tertile
29 tertile 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 74.4 32 %
32 % 33 vs
32 % 42 =
32 % 44 ]
33 vs 36 survival
34 93.2 35 %
35 % 36 survival
36 survival 37 at
37 at 39 year
38 1 39 year
40 [ 42 =
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 .03[!]
42 = 44 ]
46 45.2 47 %
47 % 48 vs
48 vs 50 %
49 75.0 50 %
51 at 53 years
52 5 53 years
54 [ 56 =
55 p 56 =
56 = 57 .03[!]
56 = 59 )

conclusions and relevance : morphometric age correlated with mortality after liver [transplant] with better discrimination than chronologic age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
3 relevance 4 :
4 : 6 age
4 : 10 after
4 : 13 with
4 : 16 than
5 morphometric 6 age
6 age 7 correlated
6 age 8 with
8 with 9 mortality
10 after 11 liver
13 with 15 discrimination
14 better 15 discrimination
16 than 18 age
17 chronologic 18 age

assigning a morphometric age to potential liver transplant recipients could improve prediction of postoperative mortality risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assigning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 assigning 4 age
1 assigning 5 to
1 assigning 10 could
2 a 3 morphometric
2 a 4 age
3 morphometric 4 age
5 to 9 recipients
6 potential 7 liver
7 liver 9 recipients
8 transplant 9 recipients
10 could 11 improve
11 improve 12 prediction
12 prediction 13 of
13 of 16 risk
14 postoperative 15 mortality
15 mortality 16 risk

resveratrol is a [naturally] occurring polyphenol that provides a number of anti - aging health benefits including improved metabolism , cardioprotection , and cancer prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 resveratrol 2 is
2 is 6 polyphenol
2 is 17 including
3 a 6 polyphenol
5 occurring 6 polyphenol
6 polyphenol 7 that
6 polyphenol 8 provides
7 that 8 provides
8 provides 16 benefits
9 a 10 number
10 number 11 of
10 number 16 benefits
11 of 16 benefits
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 16 benefits
14 aging 16 benefits
15 health 16 benefits
17 including 25 prevention
18 improved 19 metabolism
19 metabolism 20 ,
20 , 21 cardioprotection
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 cancer
23 and 25 prevention

much of the work on resveratrol and cancer comes from in [vitro] studies looking at resveratrol actions on cancer cells and pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 comes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 much 2 of
1 much 4 work
2 of 4 work
3 the 4 work
4 work 5 on
4 work 9 comes
5 on 7 and
6 resveratrol 7 and
7 and 8 cancer
9 comes 10 from
10 from 11 in
11 in 13 studies
13 studies 14 looking
14 looking 15 at
14 looking 18 on
15 at 17 actions
16 resveratrol 17 actions
18 on 21 and
19 cancer 20 cells
20 cells 21 and
21 and 22 pathways

there are , however , comparatively fewer studies that have investigated resveratrol treatment and cancer outcomes in vivo , perhaps limited by its poor bioavailability when taken orally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 however
2 are 6 comparatively
2 are 8 studies
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
7 fewer 8 studies
8 studies 9 that
8 studies 10 have
9 that 10 have
10 have 11 investigated
11 investigated 14 and
11 investigated 18 vivo
12 resveratrol 13 treatment
13 treatment 14 and
14 and 16 outcomes
15 cancer 16 outcomes
17 in 18 vivo
19 , 20 perhaps
19 , 21 limited
20 perhaps 21 limited
21 limited 22 by
21 limited 26 when
22 by 25 bioavailability
23 its 25 bioavailability
24 poor 25 bioavailability
26 when 27 taken
27 taken 28 orally

although research in cell culture has shown promising and positive effects of resveratrol , evidence from rodents and humans is inconsistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 although 2 research
1 although 7 shown
1 although 14 ,
1 although 15 evidence
2 research 3 in
2 research 6 has
3 in 5 culture
4 cell 5 culture
6 has 7 shown
7 shown 11 effects
8 promising 9 and
9 and 10 positive
9 and 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 13 resveratrol
15 evidence 16 from
15 evidence 20 is
16 from 18 and
17 rodents 18 and
18 and 19 humans
20 is 21 inconsistent

this review highlights [the] in vivo effects of resveratrol treatment on breast [,] colorectal , liver , pancreatic , and prostate cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 highlights
3 highlights 6 vivo
3 highlights 7 effects
3 highlights 11 on
5 in 6 vivo
7 effects 8 of
8 of 10 treatment
9 resveratrol 10 treatment
11 on 20 and
12 breast 16 liver
14 colorectal 15 ,
14 colorectal 16 liver
16 liver 17 ,
17 , 18 pancreatic
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 cancers
21 prostate 22 cancers

resveratrol supplementation in animal models of cancer has shown positive , neutral as well as negative outcomes depending on resveratrol [route] of administration , dose , tumor model , species , and other factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 resveratrol 2 supplementation
2 supplementation 3 in
2 supplementation 8 has
3 in 5 models
4 animal 5 models
5 models 6 of
6 of 7 cancer
8 has 9 shown
9 shown 17 outcomes
9 shown 19 on
10 positive 11 ,
10 positive 17 outcomes
12 neutral 17 outcomes
13 as 14 well
14 well 16 negative
15 as 16 negative
16 negative 17 outcomes
17 outcomes 18 depending
19 on 32 and
20 resveratrol 22 of
20 resveratrol 24 ,
22 of 23 administration
24 , 25 dose
24 , 26 ,
26 , 28 model
26 , 29 ,
27 tumor 28 model
29 , 30 species
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 factors
33 other 34 factors

within a specific cancer type , there is variability between studies with respect to strain , age , and sex of animal used [,] timing and method of resveratrol supplementation , and dose of resveratrol used to study cancer endpoints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 within 4 cancer
1 within 5 type
2 a 4 cancer
3 specific 4 cancer
6 , 7 there
6 , 8 is
7 there 8 is
8 is 9 variability
9 variability 10 between
9 variability 12 with
9 variability 19 and
10 between 11 studies
12 with 13 respect
13 respect 14 to
13 respect 15 strain
14 to 15 strain
16 , 19 and
17 age 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 sex
19 and 28 of
19 and 41 .
20 sex 21 of
21 of 26 and
22 animal 23 used
23 used 25 timing
25 timing 26 and
26 and 27 method
28 of 40 endpoints
29 resveratrol 30 supplementation
30 supplementation 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 dose
32 and 34 of
32 and 36 used
32 and 39 cancer
34 of 35 resveratrol
36 used 37 to
37 to 38 study
39 cancer 40 endpoints

together , the data suggest that many factors need to be considered before resveratrol can be used for human cancer prevention or therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 data
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 factors
5 suggest 9 need
6 that 7 many
7 many 8 factors
8 factors 9 need
9 need 10 to
9 need 12 considered
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 considered
12 considered 13 before
13 before 14 resveratrol
13 before 17 used
14 resveratrol 15 can
15 can 16 be
16 be 17 used
17 used 18 for
18 for 22 or
19 human 20 cancer
20 cancer 21 prevention
21 prevention 22 or
22 or 23 therapy

none epidemiological studies reveal that children born with a solitary functioning kidney ( sfk ) have a greater predisposition to develop renal insufficiency and hypertension in early adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 none 2 epidemiological
1 none 3 studies
1 none 4 reveal
2 epidemiological 3 studies
4 reveal 5 that
5 that 6 children
5 that 16 have
6 children 7 born
6 children 16 have
7 born 8 with
8 with 12 kidney
9 a 10 solitary
9 a 12 kidney
10 solitary 12 kidney
11 functioning 12 kidney
12 kidney 14 sfk
13 ( 14 sfk
14 sfk 15 )
16 have 19 predisposition
16 have 20 to
16 have 26 in
17 a 19 predisposition
18 greater 19 predisposition
20 to 21 develop
21 develop 24 and
22 renal 23 insufficiency
23 insufficiency 24 and
24 and 25 hypertension
26 in 28 adulthood
27 early 28 adulthood

a congenital sfk is present in patients with unilateral renal agenesis or unilateral multicystic kidney dysplasia , leading to both structural and functional adaptations in the remaining kidney , which act to mitigate the reductions in glomerular filtration [rate] and sodium excretion that would otherwise ensue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sfk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 a 3 sfk
2 congenital 3 sfk
3 sfk 4 is
4 is 5 present
5 present 6 in
5 present 18 leading
6 in 12 or
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 12 or
8 with 11 agenesis
9 unilateral 11 agenesis
10 renal 11 agenesis
12 or 16 dysplasia
13 unilateral 15 kidney
14 multicystic 15 kidney
15 kidney 16 dysplasia
17 , 18 leading
18 leading 19 to
18 leading 25 in
18 leading 47 .
19 to 24 adaptations
20 both 24 adaptations
21 structural 22 and
22 and 23 functional
22 and 24 adaptations
25 in 28 kidney
26 the 27 remaining
26 the 28 kidney
28 kidney 30 which
29 , 30 which
30 which 31 act
30 which 47 .
31 act 32 to
32 to 33 mitigate
33 mitigate 40 and
34 the 35 reductions
35 reductions 36 in
35 reductions 40 and
36 in 38 filtration
37 glomerular 38 filtration
40 and 42 excretion
40 and 43 that
40 and 44 would
41 sodium 42 excretion
43 that 44 would
44 would 46 ensue
45 otherwise 46 ensue

to understand the mechanisms underlying the early development of renal insufficiency in children born with a sfk , we established a model of fetal uninephrectomy ( uni - x ) in sheep , a species that similar to humans complete nephrogenesis before birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 4 mechanisms
2 understand 12 in
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 underlying
5 underlying 8 development
6 the 8 development
7 early 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 11 insufficiency
10 renal 11 insufficiency
12 in 13 children
13 children 14 born
14 born 15 with
15 with 17 sfk
16 a 17 sfk
18 , 19 we
18 , 20 established
19 we 20 established
20 established 22 model
20 established 31 in
21 a 22 model
22 model 23 of
22 model 29 x
23 of 25 uninephrectomy
24 fetal 25 uninephrectomy
25 uninephrectomy 27 uni
26 ( 27 uni
27 uni 28 -
28 - 29 x
29 x 30 )
31 in 32 sheep
32 sheep 35 species
33 , 35 species
34 a 35 species
35 species 37 similar
35 species 44 .
36 that 37 similar
37 similar 38 to
37 similar 42 before
38 to 41 nephrogenesis
39 humans 41 nephrogenesis
40 complete 41 nephrogenesis
42 before 43 birth

this model results in a 30 % [reduction] in nephron number rather than 50 % , due to compensatory nephrogenesis in the remaining kidney . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
1 this 2 model
2 model 3 results
3 results 4 in
3 results 13 than
4 in 11 number
5 a 11 number
6 30 9 in
7 % 9 in
9 in 11 number
10 nephron 11 number
12 rather 13 than
13 than 15 %
14 50 15 %
15 % 18 to
16 , 18 to
17 due 18 to
18 to 20 nephrogenesis
18 to 25 .
19 compensatory 20 nephrogenesis
20 nephrogenesis 21 in
21 in 24 kidney
22 the 23 remaining
22 the 24 kidney

similar to children with a congenital sfk , uni - x sheep demonstrate a progressive increase in arterial pressure and a loss [of] renal function with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 sheep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 10 -
1 similar 12 sheep
2 to 3 children
3 children 4 with
4 with 7 sfk
5 a 6 congenital
5 a 7 sfk
6 congenital 7 sfk
7 sfk 9 uni
8 , 9 uni
9 uni 10 -
11 x 12 sheep
12 sheep 13 demonstrate
13 demonstrate 16 increase
13 demonstrate 17 in
13 demonstrate 26 with
14 a 16 increase
15 progressive 16 increase
17 in 20 and
18 arterial 19 pressure
19 pressure 20 and
20 and 25 function
21 a 22 loss
21 a 25 function
22 loss 25 function
24 renal 25 function
26 with 27 aging

this review summarizes the compensatory changes in renal hemodynamics and tubular sodium handling that drive impairments in renal function and highlights the existence of sex differences in the functional adaptations following the loss of a kidney during fetal life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 20 and
3 summarizes 19 function
3 summarizes 20 and
4 the 19 function
5 compensatory 6 changes
6 changes 7 in
6 changes 10 and
7 in 9 hemodynamics
8 renal 9 hemodynamics
10 and 13 handling
10 and 14 that
10 and 15 drive
10 and 19 function
11 tubular 12 sodium
12 sodium 13 handling
14 that 15 drive
15 drive 16 impairments
15 drive 17 in
18 renal 19 function
20 and 21 highlights
20 and 37 during
21 highlights 23 existence
21 highlights 27 in
22 the 23 existence
23 existence 24 of
24 of 26 differences
25 sex 26 differences
27 in 30 adaptations
28 the 30 adaptations
29 functional 30 adaptations
30 adaptations 31 following
30 adaptations 34 of
31 following 33 loss
32 the 33 loss
34 of 36 kidney
35 a 36 kidney
37 during 39 life
38 fetal 39 life

purpose : the purpose of this research is to study the effects of aging and combined training ( [sprint] and strength ) on catecholamine responses [ adrenaline ( [a] [ )(and noradrenaline [(] [na] ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 15 and
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 15 and
5 of 7 research
6 this 7 research
8 is 9 to
8 is 10 study
8 is 15 and
9 to 10 study
10 study 12 effects
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 aging
15 and 16 combined
15 and 20 and
17 training 20 and
18 ( 20 and
20 and 21 strength
20 and 22 )
20 and 23 on
20 and 31 )(and
23 on 25 responses
24 catecholamine 25 responses
26 [ 31 )(and
27 adrenaline 31 )(and
28 ( 31 )(and
31 )(and 32 noradrenaline
31 )(and 35 )
31 )(and 36 ]

methods : thirty - two male subjects voluntarily participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 subjects
2 : 9 participated
2 : 13 .
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 7 subjects
6 male 7 subjects
7 subjects 9 participated
8 voluntarily 9 participated
9 participated 10 in
10 in 12 study
11 this 12 study

yt and at participated in a high intensity sprint and strength training program ( hisst ) for 13 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 yt 2 and
2 and 3 at
2 and 4 participated
4 participated 5 in
4 participated 17 for
5 in 10 and
6 a 7 high
6 a 9 sprint
7 high 8 intensity
8 intensity 9 sprint
9 sprint 10 and
10 and 13 program
10 and 15 hisst
11 strength 13 program
12 training 13 program
14 ( 15 hisst
15 hisst 16 )
17 for 19 weeks
18 13 19 weeks

all the participants realized the wingate [-] test before ( p1 ) [and] after [(] p2 [ )(hisst . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 realized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 participants
1 all 4 realized
2 the 3 participants
4 realized 8 test
4 realized 14 after
5 the 8 test
6 wingate 8 test
8 test 9 before
8 test 11 p1
10 ( 11 p1
11 p1 12 )
14 after 18 )(hisst
16 p2 18 )(hisst

plasma a and na concentrations were determined at rest ( [a] 0 , na0 ) and at the end of exercise ( a max , namax ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 plasma 2 a
1 plasma 3 and
3 and 4 na
4 na 5 concentrations
5 concentrations 6 were
6 were 7 determined
7 determined 16 and
8 at 9 rest
8 at 16 and
9 rest 12 0
9 rest 14 na0
10 ( 12 0
12 0 13 ,
13 , 14 na0
14 na0 15 )
16 and 17 at
17 at 19 end
18 the 19 end
19 end 20 of
20 of 21 exercise
21 exercise 26 namax
22 ( 26 namax
23 a 26 namax
24 max 25 ,
24 max 26 namax
26 namax 27 )

results : at p1 , a significant difference ( p < 0.05 [ )(in terms of age was observed for na0 [and] [a] 0 between yt and at and between control groups yc and ac . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 4 p1
5 , 8 difference
5 , 18 was
6 a 8 difference
7 significant 8 difference
8 difference 11 <
8 difference 18 was
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 15 terms
12 0.05 14 )(in
14 )(in 15 terms
15 terms 16 of
16 of 17 age
18 was 19 observed
18 was 20 for
20 for 21 na0
21 na0 24 0
21 na0 29 and
21 na0 32 groups
25 between 28 at
25 between 29 and
26 yt 27 and
27 and 28 at
29 and 30 between
30 between 31 control
32 groups 35 ac
33 yc 34 and
34 and 35 ac

this age effect disappeared after training when compared yt and at . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disappeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 3 effect
2 age 3 effect
3 effect 4 disappeared
4 disappeared 5 after
5 after 6 training
6 training 7 when
6 training 11 at
7 when 8 compared
9 yt 10 and
10 and 11 at

[after] hisst , [a] max increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) in yt and at ( from 3.08 ± 0.17 to 3.23 ± 0.34 nmol l [(] - 1 [ )(in yt and from 3.23 ± 0.52 to 4.59 ± [0.10] nmol l ( - 1 ) in at ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hisst
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
3 , 15 and
5 max 6 increased
5 max 13 in
5 max 15 and
6 increased 7 significantly
6 increased 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.05
10 < 12 )
13 in 14 yt
15 and 16 at
15 and 18 from
17 ( 18 from
18 from 19 3.08
18 from 51 )
19 3.08 20 ±
19 3.08 24 ±
20 ± 22 to
21 0.17 22 to
22 to 23 3.23
24 ± 29 -
24 ± 34 and
24 ± 49 in
25 0.34 26 nmol
25 0.34 29 -
26 nmol 27 l
29 - 30 1
32 )(in 33 yt
32 )(in 34 and
34 and 35 from
35 from 37 ±
36 3.23 37 ±
37 ± 39 to
37 ± 47 1
38 0.52 39 to
39 to 40 4.59
40 4.59 43 nmol
41 ± 43 nmol
43 nmol 44 l
45 ( 47 1
46 - 47 1
47 1 48 )
49 in 50 at

however , namax increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) in at only ( from 3.34 ± 0.31 to 3.75 ± [0.60] nmol l ( - 1 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 namax
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 namax
3 namax 4 increased
4 increased 5 significantly
4 increased 8 <
4 increased 11 in
4 increased 13 only
4 increased 15 from
6 ( 8 <
7 p 8 <
8 < 9 0.05
8 < 10 )
11 in 12 at
14 ( 15 from
15 from 16 3.34
15 from 29 )
16 3.34 17 ±
16 3.34 27 1
17 ± 19 to
18 0.31 19 to
19 to 20 3.75
20 3.75 23 nmol
21 ± 23 nmol
23 nmol 24 l
25 ( 27 1
26 - 27 1
27 1 28 )

a max [was] highly increased [in] at compared to yt ( 4.59 ± 0.10 vs [.] 3.23 ± 0.34 nmol l [(] - 1 ) [ )(, respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 at
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
1 a 2 max
1 a 7 at
2 max 7 at
4 highly 5 increased
5 increased 7 at
7 at 8 compared
8 compared 9 to
8 compared 28 respectively
9 to 10 yt
10 yt 13 ±
11 ( 13 ±
12 4.59 13 ±
13 ± 14 0.10
13 ± 15 vs
13 ± 25 )
15 vs 17 3.23
17 3.23 18 ±
18 ± 23 -
19 0.34 20 nmol
19 0.34 23 -
20 nmol 21 l
23 - 24 1
27 )(, 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 .

conclusion : the combined training ( sprint [and] strength ) appeared to reduce the age effect of the catecholamine response [both] at rest and in response to exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 training
2 : 11 appeared
2 : 29 .
3 the 5 training
4 combined 5 training
5 training 9 strength
5 training 11 appeared
6 ( 9 strength
7 sprint 9 strength
9 strength 10 )
11 appeared 12 to
11 appeared 13 reduce
12 to 13 reduce
13 reduce 16 effect
13 reduce 24 and
13 reduce 27 to
14 the 16 effect
15 age 16 effect
16 effect 17 of
17 of 20 response
18 the 20 response
19 catecholamine 20 response
22 at 23 rest
22 at 24 and
24 and 26 response
25 in 26 response
27 to 28 exercise

none objective : this study estimates national trends and patterns in use of second [-] generation antipsychotics ( sgas ) for adjunctive treatment of nonpsychotic adult depression in office - based practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 second
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 13 of
1 none 14 second
2 objective 3 :
3 : 5 study
3 : 11 in
4 this 5 study
5 study 9 and
6 estimates 8 trends
6 estimates 9 and
7 national 8 trends
9 and 10 patterns
11 in 12 use
12 use 13 of
14 second 17 antipsychotics
14 second 21 for
14 second 29 office
16 generation 17 antipsychotics
17 antipsychotics 19 sgas
18 ( 19 sgas
19 sgas 20 )
21 for 23 treatment
22 adjunctive 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 of
24 of 27 depression
25 nonpsychotic 26 adult
26 adult 27 depression
28 in 29 office
30 - 32 practice
31 based 32 practice

method : twelve consecutive years ( 1999 - 2010 ) of the national ambulatory medical care survey were analyzed to estimate trends and patterns of adjunctive [sga] treatment for adult [(] ≥ 18 years ) nonpsychotic depression in office - based visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
1 method 2 :
2 : 37 depression
2 : 39 office
3 twelve 5 years
4 consecutive 5 years
5 years 7 1999
5 years 9 2010
5 years 11 of
5 years 23 and
6 ( 7 1999
7 1999 8 -
8 - 9 2010
9 2010 10 )
11 of 14 ambulatory
12 the 14 ambulatory
13 national 14 ambulatory
14 ambulatory 16 care
14 ambulatory 19 analyzed
15 medical 16 care
16 care 17 survey
16 care 18 were
16 care 19 analyzed
17 survey 18 were
19 analyzed 20 to
20 to 21 estimate
21 estimate 22 trends
23 and 24 patterns
23 and 35 )
23 and 37 depression
24 patterns 25 of
25 of 28 treatment
26 adjunctive 28 treatment
28 treatment 29 for
29 for 34 years
30 adult 34 years
32 ≥ 34 years
33 18 34 years
36 nonpsychotic 37 depression
38 in 39 office
40 - 42 visits
40 - 43 .
41 based 42 visits

results : from 1999 to 2010 , 8.6 % of adult depression visits included [an] sga . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 to
3 from 5 to
4 1999 5 to
5 to 6 2010
5 to 9 %
7 , 9 %
8 8.6 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 17 .
10 of 13 visits
11 adult 13 visits
12 depression 13 visits
13 visits 14 included
14 included 16 sga

[sga] use rates increased from 4.6 % in 1999 - 2000 to 12.5 % in 2009 - 2010 , with an adjusted odds ratio ( aor ) for time [trend] of 2.78 ( 95 % ci , 1.84 - 4.20 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 use 3 rates
3 rates 4 increased
4 increased 10 -
4 increased 12 to
4 increased 15 in
4 increased 39 -
5 from 10 -
6 4.6 8 in
6 4.6 10 -
7 % 8 in
8 in 9 1999
10 - 11 2000
12 to 14 %
13 12.5 14 %
15 in 16 2009
16 2009 18 2010
17 - 18 2010
18 2010 20 with
18 2010 37 ,
19 , 20 with
20 with 24 ratio
20 with 28 for
20 with 37 ,
21 an 24 ratio
22 adjusted 23 odds
23 odds 24 ratio
24 ratio 26 aor
25 ( 26 aor
26 aor 27 )
28 for 29 time
29 time 31 of
29 time 36 ci
31 of 32 2.78
33 ( 36 ci
34 95 36 ci
35 % 36 ci
36 ci 37 ,
37 , 39 -
38 1.84 39 -
39 - 40 4.20
39 - 41 )

the increase in [sga] augmentation was broad - based , with no significant differences in time trends between demographic and clinical subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 6 was
3 in 5 augmentation
6 was 7 broad
7 broad 9 based
7 broad 11 with
7 broad 15 in
7 broad 18 between
8 - 9 based
9 based 10 ,
11 with 14 differences
12 no 14 differences
13 significant 14 differences
15 in 17 trends
16 time 17 trends
18 between 22 subgroups
19 demographic 20 and
20 and 21 clinical
20 and 22 subgroups

conclusions : between 1999 and 2010 , sgas were increasingly accepted in the outpatient treatment of adult nonpsychotic depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 between
3 between 5 and
4 1999 5 and
5 and 6 2010
7 , 8 sgas
7 , 11 accepted
8 sgas 9 were
9 were 11 accepted
10 increasingly 11 accepted
11 accepted 12 in
12 in 15 treatment
13 the 15 treatment
14 outpatient 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 of
16 of 19 depression
17 adult 19 depression
18 nonpsychotic 19 depression

objective : healthcare and mortality costs of secondhand smoke ( shs ) exposure at home [among] [non] - smokers in california were estimated for the year 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 objective 2 :
2 : 13 exposure
3 healthcare 4 and
4 and 6 costs
4 and 7 of
4 and 13 exposure
5 mortality 6 costs
7 of 9 smoke
8 secondhand 9 smoke
9 smoke 11 shs
10 ( 11 shs
11 shs 12 )
13 exposure 14 at
14 at 15 home
18 - 19 smokers
18 - 23 estimated
18 - 28 .
19 smokers 20 in
19 smokers 22 were
20 in 21 california
22 were 23 estimated
23 estimated 24 for
24 for 26 year
25 the 26 year
26 year 27 2009

methods : costs were estimated with an epidemiological model using california shs home exposure rates and published relative risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 costs
3 costs 16 and
4 were 5 estimated
4 were 16 and
5 estimated 6 with
6 with 9 model
7 an 8 epidemiological
7 an 9 model
8 epidemiological 9 model
9 model 10 using
9 model 15 rates
10 using 14 exposure
10 using 15 rates
11 california 12 shs
12 shs 14 exposure
13 home 14 exposure
16 and 17 published
16 and 19 risks
18 relative 19 risks

healthcare costs included nine conditions , and mortality was estimated for four perinatal and three adult conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 healthcare 2 costs
2 costs 3 included
3 included 5 conditions
4 nine 5 conditions
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 mortality
7 and 10 estimated
8 mortality 9 was
9 was 10 estimated
10 estimated 11 for
11 for 17 conditions
12 four 17 conditions
13 perinatal 14 and
14 and 16 adult
14 and 17 conditions
15 three 16 adult

three mortality - related measures were estimated : deaths , years of potential life lost ( ypll ) and the value of lost productivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 three 2 mortality
2 mortality 6 were
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 measures
4 related 6 were
6 were 7 estimated
8 : 19 and
8 : 25 .
9 deaths 10 ,
10 , 11 years
10 , 19 and
11 years 12 of
11 years 14 life
11 years 15 lost
11 years 17 ypll
12 of 13 potential
14 life 15 lost
16 ( 17 ypll
17 ypll 18 )
19 and 21 value
19 and 22 of
20 the 21 value
22 of 24 productivity
23 lost 24 productivity

results : shs - attributable healthcare costs totalled over $ 241 million . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 shs
4 - 7 costs
4 - 8 totalled
4 - 13 .
5 attributable 7 costs
6 healthcare 7 costs
7 costs 8 totalled
8 totalled 9 over
8 totalled 10 $
10 $ 12 million
11 241 12 million

the most costly conditions for children and adolescents were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( $ 7.8 million ) and middle ear disease ( $ 5.6 million ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 conditions
3 costly 4 conditions
4 conditions 5 for
4 conditions 19 and
5 for 7 and
6 children 7 and
7 and 8 adolescents
9 were 13 disorder
9 were 19 and
10 attention 13 disorder
11 deficit 13 disorder
12 hyperactivity 13 disorder
13 disorder 15 $
14 ( 15 $
15 $ 17 million
15 $ 18 )
16 7.8 17 million
19 and 20 middle
20 middle 22 disease
21 ear 22 disease
22 disease 24 $
23 ( 24 $
24 $ 26 million
24 $ 27 )
25 5.6 26 million

for adults , the most costly conditions were ischaemic heart disease ( ihd ) ( $ 130.0 million [ )(and asthma ( $ 67.4 million ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 for 2 adults
1 for 3 ,
1 for 7 conditions
4 the 5 most
5 most 7 conditions
6 costly 7 conditions
7 conditions 8 were
8 were 11 disease
9 ischaemic 10 heart
10 heart 11 disease
11 disease 13 ihd
11 disease 20 )(and
12 ( 13 ihd
13 ihd 14 )
15 ( 20 )(and
16 $ 18 million
16 $ 20 )(and
17 130.0 18 million
20 )(and 21 asthma
20 )(and 23 $
20 )(and 26 )
22 ( 23 $
23 $ 25 million
23 $ 26 )
24 67.4 25 million

deaths of 821 californians were attributable to shs exposure in the home , including 27 infants whose mothers smoked while pregnant and 700 adults who died from ihd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deaths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 deaths 2 of
1 deaths 5 were
2 of 4 californians
3 821 4 californians
5 were 6 attributable
6 attributable 7 to
6 attributable 10 in
7 to 9 exposure
8 shs 9 exposure
10 in 12 home
11 the 12 home
13 , 22 and
14 including 16 infants
15 27 16 infants
16 infants 17 whose
16 infants 22 and
17 whose 18 mothers
18 mothers 19 smoked
19 smoked 20 while
20 while 21 pregnant
22 and 24 adults
22 and 25 who
22 and 26 died
23 700 24 adults
25 who 26 died
26 died 27 from
27 from 28 ihd

these deaths represented a loss of over 13 000 ypll and $ 119 million in lost productivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deaths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 deaths
2 deaths 3 represented
3 represented 5 loss
3 represented 15 in
4 a 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
6 of 7 over
7 over 11 and
8 13 10 ypll
9 000 10 ypll
10 ypll 11 and
11 and 12 $
12 $ 14 million
13 119 14 million
15 in 17 productivity
16 lost 17 productivity

conclusions : the economic impact of shs exposure in the home totalled $ 360 million in california in 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 impact
2 : 12 totalled
2 : 20 .
3 the 5 impact
4 economic 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
5 impact 12 totalled
6 of 8 exposure
7 shs 8 exposure
8 exposure 9 in
9 in 11 home
10 the 11 home
12 totalled 13 $
12 totalled 16 in
12 totalled 18 in
13 $ 15 million
14 360 15 million
16 in 17 california
18 in 19 2009

policies that reduce exposure to shs at home have great potential for reducing healthcare and mortality costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 policies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 policies 2 that
1 policies 3 reduce
1 policies 9 have
2 that 3 reduce
3 reduce 4 exposure
3 reduce 5 to
3 reduce 7 at
5 to 6 shs
7 at 8 home
9 have 11 potential
9 have 12 for
10 great 11 potential
12 for 13 reducing
13 reducing 15 and
14 healthcare 15 and
15 and 17 costs
16 mortality 17 costs

background : there is a loss [of] lean body mass ( lbm ) with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 17 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 10 mass
4 is 14 with
5 a 6 loss
5 a 10 mass
6 loss 10 mass
8 lean 9 body
9 body 10 mass
10 mass 12 lbm
11 ( 12 lbm
12 lbm 13 )
14 with 15 increasing
15 increasing 16 age

a low lbm has been associated with increased adverse effects from prescribed medications such as chemotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 low
2 low 3 lbm
2 low 7 with
2 low 8 increased
3 lbm 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
8 increased 10 effects
9 adverse 10 effects
10 effects 11 from
11 from 13 medications
12 prescribed 13 medications
13 medications 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 16 chemotherapy

accurate assessment of lbm may allow for more accurate drug prescribing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 accurate 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 of
2 assessment 5 may
3 of 4 lbm
5 may 7 for
6 allow 7 for
7 for 11 prescribing
8 more 11 prescribing
9 accurate 10 drug
10 drug 11 prescribing

the aims of this study were to develop new prediction equations ( pes ) for lbm with anthropometric and biochemical variables from a development cohort and then validate the best performing pes in validation cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 26 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 develop
6 were 26 and
7 to 8 develop
8 develop 11 equations
8 develop 15 for
8 develop 17 with
9 new 11 equations
10 prediction 11 equations
11 equations 13 pes
12 ( 13 pes
13 pes 14 )
15 for 16 lbm
17 with 21 variables
18 anthropometric 19 and
19 and 20 biochemical
19 and 21 variables
21 variables 22 from
22 from 25 cohort
23 a 24 development
23 a 25 cohort
24 development 25 cohort
26 and 28 validate
26 and 33 in
27 then 28 validate
28 validate 30 best
29 the 30 best
30 best 31 performing
31 performing 32 pes
33 in 35 cohorts
34 validation 35 cohorts

methods : pes were developed in a cohort of 188 healthy subjects and then validated in a convenience cohort of 52 healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 pes
3 pes 13 and
4 were 5 developed
4 were 13 and
5 developed 6 in
6 in 8 cohort
7 a 8 cohort
8 cohort 9 of
9 of 12 subjects
10 188 12 subjects
11 healthy 12 subjects
13 and 15 validated
13 and 16 in
14 then 15 validated
16 in 19 cohort
17 a 19 cohort
18 convenience 19 cohort
19 cohort 20 of
20 of 23 subjects
21 52 23 subjects
22 healthy 23 subjects

the best performing anthropometric pe was then compared to published anthropometric pes in an older [(] age≥50 [years] ) cohort of 2287 people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 best
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 best
2 best 3 performing
2 best 6 was
3 performing 5 pe
4 anthropometric 5 pe
6 was 8 compared
7 then 8 compared
8 compared 9 to
8 compared 13 in
9 to 12 pes
10 published 12 pes
11 anthropometric 12 pes
13 in 20 cohort
14 an 20 cohort
15 older 20 cohort
17 age≥50 19 )
17 age≥50 20 cohort
20 cohort 21 of
21 of 23 people
22 2287 23 people

best subset regression analysis was used to derive pes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 best
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 best 3 regression
2 subset 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
3 regression 5 was
3 regression 6 used
4 analysis 5 was
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 derive
7 to 8 derive
8 derive 9 pes

correlation , bland - altman and sheiner & beal methods were used to validate and [compare] the pes against [dual] x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) - derived lbm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 , 15 and
2 , 29 derived
3 bland 4 -
3 bland 15 and
5 altman 6 and
6 and 9 beal
6 and 10 methods
6 and 14 validate
6 and 15 and
7 sheiner 8 &
8 & 9 beal
10 methods 11 were
11 were 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 validate
13 to 14 validate
15 and 18 pes
15 and 24 absorptiometry
15 and 29 derived
17 the 18 pes
18 pes 19 against
19 against 21 x
22 - 24 absorptiometry
23 ray 24 absorptiometry
24 absorptiometry 26 dxa
24 absorptiometry 28 -
25 ( 26 dxa
26 dxa 27 )
29 derived 30 lbm

results : the pe which included biochemistry variables performed only marginally better than the anthropometric pe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 pe
3 the 4 pe
4 pe 5 which
4 pe 6 included
5 which 6 included
6 included 8 variables
7 biochemistry 8 variables
8 variables 9 performed
9 performed 10 only
9 performed 12 better
11 marginally 12 better
12 better 13 than
13 than 16 pe
14 the 16 pe
15 anthropometric 16 pe

the anthropometric pe on average [over] [-] estimated lbm by 0.74 kg in the combined cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 pe
2 anthropometric 3 pe
3 pe 5 average
3 pe 8 estimated
4 on 5 average
8 estimated 9 lbm
8 estimated 10 by
8 estimated 13 in
10 by 12 kg
11 0.74 12 kg
13 in 16 cohort
14 the 16 cohort
15 combined 16 cohort

across gender ( male vs [.] female ) , body mass index ( < 22 , 22 - < 27 , 27 - < 30 [and] ≥30 kg/m2 ) [and] age groups ( 50 - 64 , 65 - 79 [and] ≥80 years ) , the maximum mean over [-] estimation of the anthropometric pe [was] 1.36 [kg] . 
1 across 2 gender
1 across 9 ,
1 across 10 body
2 gender 4 male
3 ( 4 male
4 male 5 vs
4 male 8 )
5 vs 7 female
10 body 17 22
10 body 19 <
11 mass 12 index
12 index 15 22
13 ( 15 22
14 < 15 22
15 22 16 ,
16 , 17 22
17 22 18 -
19 < 20 27
20 27 31 age
20 27 32 groups
21 , 23 -
22 27 23 -
23 - 28 kg/m2
23 - 29 )
23 - 31 age
24 < 25 30
25 30 28 kg/m2
27 ≥30 28 kg/m2
31 age 32 groups
32 groups 35 -
33 ( 35 -
34 50 35 -
35 - 36 64
36 64 39 -
36 64 47 maximum
37 , 39 -
38 65 39 -
39 - 43 years
39 - 44 )
40 79 43 years
42 ≥80 43 years
45 , 47 maximum
46 the 47 maximum
47 maximum 48 mean
47 maximum 52 of
47 maximum 59 .
48 mean 49 over
49 over 51 estimation
52 of 55 pe
53 the 55 pe
54 anthropometric 55 pe
55 pe 57 1.36

conclusions : a new anthropometric pe has been developed [that] offers an alternative for clinicians when access to dxa is limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 pe
2 : 8 been
2 : 22 .
3 a 4 new
3 a 6 pe
4 new 6 pe
5 anthropometric 6 pe
6 pe 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 11 offers
9 developed 11 offers
11 offers 13 alternative
11 offers 21 limited
12 an 13 alternative
13 alternative 14 for
13 alternative 21 limited
14 for 15 clinicians
15 clinicians 16 when
16 when 17 access
16 when 20 is
17 access 18 to
17 access 20 is
18 to 19 dxa

further research is required to determine the clinical utility [and] if it will improve the safety of medication use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 required
4 required 5 to
4 required 6 determine
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 9 utility
6 determine 11 if
7 the 9 utility
8 clinical 9 utility
11 if 12 it
11 if 14 improve
12 it 13 will
13 will 14 improve
14 improve 16 safety
15 the 16 safety
16 safety 17 of
17 of 19 use
18 medication 19 use

introduction : the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has produced 5 - year survival of 90 [+] % for chronic myelocytic leukemia ( cml ) [patients] in clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 advent
2 : 10 produced
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 advent
4 advent 5 of
4 advent 9 has
5 of 8 inhibitors
6 tyrosine 8 inhibitors
7 kinase 8 inhibitors
9 has 10 produced
10 produced 11 5
10 produced 27 in
11 5 14 survival
12 - 14 survival
13 year 14 survival
14 survival 15 of
14 survival 25 )
15 of 18 %
16 90 18 %
18 % 19 for
19 for 22 leukemia
20 chronic 22 leukemia
21 myelocytic 22 leukemia
22 leukemia 24 cml
23 ( 24 cml
24 cml 25 )
27 in 29 trials
28 clinical 29 trials

however , population level survival has been lower , especially in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 survival
3 population 5 survival
4 level 5 survival
5 survival 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 lower
8 lower 11 in
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 in
11 in 13 patients
11 in 14 .
12 older 13 patients

here , we examine survival of patients with cml in germany and compare it to survival of patients in the united states ( us ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 12 and
4 examine 5 survival
4 examine 8 with
4 examine 10 in
4 examine 12 and
5 survival 6 of
6 of 7 patients
8 with 9 cml
10 in 11 germany
12 and 13 compare
12 and 19 in
13 compare 14 it
13 compare 15 to
15 to 16 survival
16 survival 17 of
17 of 18 patients
19 in 22 states
20 the 22 states
21 united 22 states
22 states 24 us
23 ( 24 us
24 us 25 )

methods : data were extracted from the surveillance , epidemiology , and end results database in the us and 11 cancer registries in germany . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 5 extracted
2 : 25 .
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 extracted
5 extracted 6 from
5 extracted 16 in
5 extracted 23 in
6 from 12 and
7 the 8 surveillance
8 surveillance 9 ,
9 , 10 epidemiology
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 database
13 end 15 database
14 results 15 database
16 in 19 and
17 the 18 us
18 us 19 and
19 and 22 registries
20 11 22 registries
21 cancer 22 registries
23 in 24 germany

patients 15 - 69 years old diagnosed with cml were included in the analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 patients 2 15
1 patients 6 old
1 patients 7 diagnosed
1 patients 10 were
3 - 4 69
4 69 5 years
5 years 6 old
7 diagnosed 8 with
8 with 9 cml
10 were 11 included
11 included 12 in
12 in 14 analysis
13 the 14 analysis

period analysis for 2002 - 2006 was used to provide the most up - to [-] date possible estimates of five - year relative survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 period 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 for
2 analysis 7 was
3 for 5 -
4 2002 5 -
5 - 6 2006
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 provide
9 to 10 provide
10 provide 12 most
10 provide 13 up
10 provide 15 to
11 the 12 most
14 - 15 to
15 to 17 date
15 to 22 -
17 date 19 estimates
18 possible 19 estimates
19 estimates 20 of
20 of 21 five
22 - 25 survival
23 year 25 survival
24 relative 25 survival

results : five - year relative survival was 68.7 % overall in germany [and] 72.7 % in the us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 five
2 : 4 -
4 - 7 survival
4 - 8 was
4 - 20 .
5 year 7 survival
6 relative 7 survival
7 survival 8 was
8 was 10 %
8 was 11 overall
8 was 12 in
8 was 17 in
9 68.7 10 %
12 in 16 %
13 germany 15 72.7
13 germany 16 %
17 in 19 us
18 the 19 us

survival was higher in the us for all age groups except for ages 15 - 39 years , but the difference was only statistically significant for ages 50 - 59 years ( at 67.5 % vs 77.7 % in germany and the us , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 survival 2 was
2 was 3 higher
3 higher 4 in
3 higher 7 for
4 in 6 us
5 the 6 us
7 for 10 groups
8 all 10 groups
9 age 10 groups
10 groups 11 except
10 groups 17 years
11 except 12 for
12 for 13 ages
13 ages 14 15
15 - 17 years
16 39 17 years
17 years 18 ,
19 but 21 difference
19 but 22 was
20 the 21 difference
21 difference 22 was
22 was 23 only
22 was 25 significant
24 statistically 25 significant
25 significant 26 for
25 significant 45 respectively
26 for 27 ages
27 ages 28 50
27 ages 31 years
29 - 31 years
30 59 31 years
31 years 33 at
31 years 44 ,
32 ( 33 at
33 at 35 %
33 at 44 ,
34 67.5 35 %
35 % 36 vs
36 vs 38 %
37 77.7 38 %
38 % 39 in
39 in 41 and
40 germany 41 and
41 and 43 us
41 and 44 ,
42 the 43 us
44 , 45 respectively
45 respectively 46 )

survival decreased with age , ranging from 83.1 [%] and 81.9 % , respectively , in germany and the us for patients 15 - 39 years old to 54.2 [%] and 54.5 % , respectively , in patients 65 - 69 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 survival 2 decreased
2 decreased 3 with
2 decreased 6 ranging
2 decreased 16 in
3 with 4 age
5 , 6 ranging
6 ranging 12 %
6 ranging 14 respectively
6 ranging 15 ,
7 from 10 and
8 83.1 10 and
10 and 11 81.9
10 and 12 %
13 , 14 respectively
14 respectively 15 ,
16 in 18 and
17 germany 18 and
18 and 20 us
18 and 21 for
18 and 27 old
19 the 20 us
21 for 26 years
22 patients 26 years
23 15 24 -
24 - 25 39
24 - 26 years
27 old 28 to
27 old 35 respectively
27 old 37 in
28 to 33 %
29 54.2 31 and
31 and 32 54.5
31 and 33 %
34 , 35 respectively
35 respectively 36 ,
37 in 38 patients
38 patients 39 65
38 patients 43 old
40 - 41 69
41 69 42 years
42 years 43 old

survival increased between 2002 and 2006 by 12.0 % points in germany and 17.1 % points in the us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 survival 2 increased
1 survival 13 and
2 increased 3 between
2 increased 7 by
2 increased 11 in
3 between 5 and
4 2002 5 and
5 and 6 2006
7 by 10 points
8 12.0 10 points
9 % 10 points
11 in 12 germany
13 and 16 points
13 and 17 in
14 17.1 16 points
15 % 16 points
17 in 19 us
18 the 19 us

conclusions : five - year survival estimates were higher in the us than in germany overall , but the difference was only significant for ages 50 - 59 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 five
4 - 7 estimates
4 - 8 were
4 - 18 but
4 - 27 -
5 year 7 estimates
6 survival 7 estimates
7 estimates 8 were
8 were 9 higher
9 higher 10 in
9 higher 13 than
9 higher 16 overall
10 in 12 us
11 the 12 us
13 than 14 in
14 in 15 germany
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 difference
18 but 21 was
19 the 20 difference
20 difference 21 was
21 was 22 only
21 was 23 significant
23 significant 24 for
24 for 25 ages
25 ages 26 50
27 - 29 years
28 59 29 years

survival did not equal that seen in clinical trials for either country , but strong improvement in survival was seen between 2002 and 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 equal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 survival 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 equal
4 equal 5 that
5 that 6 seen
6 seen 7 in
7 in 9 trials
8 clinical 9 trials
9 trials 10 for
10 for 12 country
11 either 12 country
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 improvement
14 but 20 seen
15 strong 16 improvement
16 improvement 17 in
16 improvement 19 was
17 in 18 survival
19 was 20 seen
20 seen 21 between
21 between 23 and
22 2002 23 and
23 and 24 2006

objectives : unmet mental health care needs of older people ( aged 65 [and] [over] ) have been identified as a serious problem internationally , particularly in rural areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 needs
2 : 19 identified
3 unmet 7 needs
4 mental 5 health
5 health 7 needs
6 care 7 needs
7 needs 8 of
7 needs 12 aged
7 needs 17 have
8 of 10 people
9 older 10 people
11 ( 12 aged
12 aged 13 65
12 aged 16 )
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 identified
19 identified 20 as
19 identified 24 internationally
19 identified 27 in
20 as 23 problem
21 a 23 problem
22 serious 23 problem
25 , 26 particularly
25 , 27 in
27 in 29 areas
27 in 30 .
28 rural 29 areas

in this study we explored the views of health and social care providers of the barriers to effective mental health care for older people in a rural region in australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 explored
5 explored 7 views
6 the 7 views
7 views 8 of
8 of 9 health
10 and 13 providers
10 and 21 care
11 social 12 care
12 care 13 providers
13 providers 14 of
13 providers 21 care
14 of 16 barriers
15 the 16 barriers
16 barriers 17 to
17 to 20 health
18 effective 20 health
19 mental 20 health
21 care 22 for
21 care 25 in
21 care 29 in
22 for 24 people
23 older 24 people
25 in 28 region
26 a 27 rural
26 a 28 region
27 rural 28 region
29 in 30 australia

method : semi - structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants from 13 organisations providing care and support to older people in a rural region of australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 6 interviews
2 : 17 and
3 semi 4 -
3 semi 6 interviews
5 structured 6 interviews
6 interviews 17 and
7 were 8 conducted
7 were 17 and
8 conducted 9 with
9 with 11 participants
10 19 11 participants
11 participants 12 from
12 from 14 organisations
13 13 14 organisations
14 organisations 15 providing
15 providing 16 care
17 and 18 support
17 and 19 to
17 and 22 in
19 to 21 people
20 older 21 people
22 in 25 region
23 a 25 region
24 rural 25 region
25 region 26 of
26 of 27 australia

a framework analysis approach was used to thematically analyse the data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 a 4 approach
2 framework 4 approach
3 analysis 4 approach
4 approach 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 9 analyse
7 to 9 analyse
8 thematically 9 analyse
9 analyse 11 data
10 the 11 data

results : two main themes were identified : ['] [recognising] the problem ['] and ['] service availability and access ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 themes
2 : 7 identified
2 : 8 :
2 : 21 .
3 two 5 themes
4 main 5 themes
5 themes 6 were
6 were 7 identified
8 : 18 and
11 the 12 problem
12 problem 14 and
14 and 17 availability
14 and 18 and
16 service 17 availability
18 and 19 access

in particular the participants identified the impact of the attitudes of older people and health professionals , as well as service inadequacies and gaps in services , on the provision of mental health care to older people in a rural region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 4 participants
3 the 4 participants
4 participants 5 identified
5 identified 14 and
5 identified 28 on
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
7 impact 14 and
8 of 10 attitudes
9 the 10 attitudes
10 attitudes 11 of
11 of 13 people
12 older 13 people
14 and 16 professionals
14 and 18 as
15 health 16 professionals
17 , 18 as
18 as 23 and
18 as 27 ,
19 well 20 as
19 well 23 and
20 as 22 inadequacies
21 service 22 inadequacies
23 and 24 gaps
23 and 25 in
25 in 26 services
28 on 30 provision
29 the 30 provision
30 provision 31 of
30 provision 38 in
31 of 34 care
32 mental 33 health
33 health 34 care
34 care 35 to
35 to 37 people
36 older 37 people
38 in 41 region
39 a 41 region
40 rural 41 region

conclusion : this study supports previous work on intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to older people with mental health problems accessing mental health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 supports
2 : 24 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 supports
5 supports 7 work
5 supports 8 on
5 supports 13 to
5 supports 16 with
6 previous 7 work
8 on 12 barriers
9 intrinsic 10 and
10 and 11 extrinsic
10 and 12 barriers
13 to 15 people
14 older 15 people
16 with 19 problems
16 with 20 accessing
17 mental 18 health
18 health 19 problems
20 accessing 23 services
21 mental 23 services
22 health 23 services

the study also offers new insight into the difficulties that arise from the separation of physical and mental health systems for older people with multiple needs , and the impact of living in a rural region on unmet mental health care needs of older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 offers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 4 offers
3 also 4 offers
4 offers 6 insight
4 offers 20 systems
4 offers 28 and
4 offers 33 in
5 new 6 insight
6 insight 7 into
6 insight 15 of
7 into 9 difficulties
8 the 9 difficulties
9 difficulties 10 that
9 difficulties 11 arise
10 that 11 arise
11 arise 12 from
12 from 14 separation
13 the 14 separation
15 of 19 health
16 physical 17 and
17 and 18 mental
17 and 19 health
20 systems 21 for
20 systems 24 with
21 for 23 people
22 older 23 people
24 with 26 needs
25 multiple 26 needs
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 impact
29 the 30 impact
30 impact 31 of
31 of 32 living
33 in 36 region
34 a 35 rural
34 a 36 region
35 rural 36 region
36 region 37 on
36 region 43 of
37 on 38 unmet
38 unmet 41 care
38 unmet 42 needs
39 mental 40 health
40 health 41 care
41 care 42 needs
43 of 45 people
44 older 45 people

objectives : this study concerns culturally deaf people in the united kingdom who use british sign language ( bsl ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 concerns
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 concerns
5 concerns 6 culturally
5 concerns 8 people
7 deaf 8 people
8 people 9 in
8 people 13 who
8 people 14 use
9 in 12 kingdom
10 the 12 kingdom
11 united 12 kingdom
13 who 14 use
14 use 19 bsl
15 british 19 bsl
16 sign 17 language
17 language 19 bsl
18 ( 19 bsl
19 bsl 20 )

its objective was to explore [how] deaf people 's knowledge about dementia and access to services is mediated by their minoritised cultural - linguistic status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 its 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 18 mediated
4 to 5 explore
5 explore 7 deaf
7 deaf 10 knowledge
7 deaf 17 is
8 people 9 's
9 's 10 knowledge
10 knowledge 11 about
10 knowledge 17 is
11 about 13 and
12 dementia 13 and
13 and 14 access
13 and 15 to
15 to 16 services
18 mediated 19 by
19 by 25 status
20 their 25 status
21 minoritised 25 status
22 cultural 23 -
22 cultural 25 status
24 linguistic 25 status

methods : twenty - six members of the deaf community participated in one of three deaf - led focus groups in bsl corresponding with the sample of [:] deaf people over the age of 60 without dementia [;] deaf people aged 18 - 60 working professional roles unconnected with dementia services [;] ordinary members of the deaf community aged 18 - 60 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 twenty
4 - 6 members
5 six 6 members
6 members 7 of
6 members 11 participated
7 of 10 community
8 the 10 community
9 deaf 10 community
11 participated 12 in
11 participated 21 in
12 in 13 one
13 one 14 of
14 of 20 groups
15 three 20 groups
16 deaf 18 led
16 deaf 19 focus
17 - 18 led
19 focus 20 groups
21 in 22 bsl
22 bsl 23 corresponding
22 bsl 34 of
23 corresponding 24 with
24 with 26 sample
24 with 30 people
25 the 26 sample
26 sample 27 of
27 of 29 deaf
30 people 31 over
31 over 33 age
32 the 33 age
34 of 35 60
35 60 36 without
35 60 40 people
35 60 41 aged
35 60 45 working
36 without 37 dementia
39 deaf 40 people
40 people 41 aged
41 aged 43 -
42 18 43 -
43 - 44 60
45 working 47 roles
46 professional 47 roles
47 roles 48 unconnected
48 unconnected 49 with
49 with 54 members
50 dementia 51 services
51 services 54 members
53 ordinary 54 members
54 members 55 of
55 of 58 community
56 the 58 community
57 deaf 58 community
58 community 59 aged
58 community 62 60
59 aged 60 18
61 - 62 60
62 60 63 .

data were subjected to a thematic content analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 subjected
3 subjected 4 to
4 to 8 analysis
5 a 6 thematic
5 a 8 analysis
6 thematic 8 analysis
7 content 8 analysis

results : participants ' concerns about their poor levels of knowledge and understanding of dementia were augmented by their awareness that without sustained social contact in bsl opportunities for earlier recognition of dementia would be lost . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 concerns
3 participants 4 '
4 ' 5 concerns
5 concerns 6 about
6 about 9 levels
7 their 9 levels
8 poor 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 11 knowledge
12 and 13 understanding
12 and 17 augmented
13 understanding 14 of
13 understanding 16 were
14 of 15 dementia
16 were 17 augmented
17 augmented 18 by
18 by 20 awareness
19 their 20 awareness
20 awareness 21 that
21 that 28 opportunities
21 that 36 lost
22 without 25 contact
22 without 28 opportunities
23 sustained 24 social
24 social 25 contact
25 contact 26 in
26 in 27 bsl
28 opportunities 29 for
28 opportunities 32 of
28 opportunities 34 would
29 for 31 recognition
30 earlier 31 recognition
32 of 33 dementia
34 would 35 be
35 be 36 lost

although primary care services were identified as the first port of call for dementia - related concerns , there was widespread mistrust of their effectiveness because of failures in communication and cultural competence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 call
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 3 care
1 although 12 call
2 primary 3 care
3 care 4 services
3 care 11 of
4 services 5 were
5 were 6 identified
6 identified 7 as
7 as 10 port
8 the 10 port
9 first 10 port
10 port 11 of
12 call 13 for
13 for 14 dementia
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 concerns
18 , 19 there
18 , 20 was
19 there 20 was
20 was 22 mistrust
20 was 26 because
21 widespread 22 mistrust
22 mistrust 23 of
23 of 25 effectiveness
24 their 25 effectiveness
26 because 27 of
27 of 31 and
28 failures 29 in
28 failures 31 and
29 in 30 communication
31 and 33 competence
32 cultural 33 competence

confirmed diagnosis of dementia was not viewed as a gateway to services and support because deaf organisations , dementia - related organisations and mainstream adult services were perceived to be ill - equipped to respond to the needs of deaf people with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
1 confirmed 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 5 was
3 of 4 dementia
5 was 6 not
5 was 8 as
6 not 7 viewed
8 as 10 gateway
9 a 10 gateway
10 gateway 11 to
10 gateway 14 support
10 gateway 19 dementia
11 to 13 and
12 services 13 and
13 and 14 support
14 support 15 because
15 because 16 deaf
15 because 17 organisations
16 deaf 17 organisations
18 , 19 dementia
19 dementia 20 -
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 organisations
23 and 26 services
23 and 28 perceived
24 mainstream 26 services
25 adult 26 services
26 services 27 were
27 were 28 perceived
28 perceived 29 to
28 perceived 30 be
29 to 30 be
30 be 31 ill
30 be 33 equipped
32 - 33 equipped
33 equipped 34 to
33 equipped 36 to
33 equipped 42 with
33 equipped 44 .
34 to 35 respond
36 to 38 needs
37 the 38 needs
38 needs 39 of
39 of 41 people
40 deaf 41 people
42 with 43 dementia

conclusions : locating problems of late diagnosis within the deaf community 's poor awareness and knowledge of dementia fails to recognise the structural barriers deaf people face in timely access to services and accurate recognition of dementia - related changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 locating
3 locating 4 problems
3 locating 8 within
4 problems 5 of
5 of 7 diagnosis
6 late 7 diagnosis
8 within 14 awareness
9 the 11 community
10 deaf 11 community
11 community 12 's
12 's 14 awareness
13 poor 14 awareness
15 and 16 knowledge
15 and 19 fails
16 knowledge 17 of
16 knowledge 19 fails
17 of 18 dementia
19 fails 20 to
19 fails 28 in
19 fails 31 to
20 to 21 recognise
21 recognise 27 face
22 the 27 face
23 structural 26 people
24 barriers 26 people
25 deaf 26 people
26 people 27 face
28 in 30 access
29 timely 30 access
31 to 33 and
32 services 33 and
33 and 35 recognition
34 accurate 35 recognition
35 recognition 36 of
36 of 40 changes
37 dementia 38 -
37 dementia 40 changes
39 related 40 changes

background : family caregivers of patients with dementia frequently experience psychological stress , depression and disturbed psychophysiological activity , with increased levels of diurnal cortisol secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 family
3 family 4 caregivers
3 family 10 experience
4 caregivers 5 of
4 caregivers 10 experience
5 of 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 8 dementia
9 frequently 10 experience
10 experience 12 stress
10 experience 20 with
11 psychological 12 stress
12 stress 15 and
13 , 15 and
14 depression 15 and
15 and 18 activity
15 and 19 ,
16 disturbed 18 activity
17 psychophysiological 18 activity
20 with 22 levels
21 increased 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 26 secretion
24 diurnal 25 cortisol
25 cortisol 26 secretion

objectives : to compare the effects of [a] cognitive - behavioural group therapy ( cbt ) to a psychoeducation group programme ( educ ) on cortisol secretion in caregivers of patients with moderate alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 compare
3 to 4 compare
4 compare 6 effects
4 compare 17 to
4 compare 25 on
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 15 cbt
7 of 13 therapy
9 cognitive 10 -
9 cognitive 13 therapy
11 behavioural 12 group
12 group 13 therapy
14 ( 15 cbt
15 cbt 16 )
17 to 21 programme
18 a 21 programme
19 psychoeducation 21 programme
20 group 21 programme
21 programme 23 educ
22 ( 23 educ
23 educ 24 )
25 on 27 secretion
26 cortisol 27 secretion
27 secretion 28 in
27 secretion 30 of
28 in 29 caregivers
30 of 31 patients
31 patients 32 with
31 patients 38 ad
32 with 36 disease
33 moderate 34 alzheimer
34 alzheimer 35 's
35 's 36 disease
37 ( 38 ad
38 ad 39 )

method : caregivers of ad outpatients were semi - randomly allocated to one of two intervention programmes ( cbt or educ ) consisting of eight weekly sessions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 outpatients
2 : 7 were
3 caregivers 4 of
3 caregivers 6 outpatients
4 of 5 ad
6 outpatients 7 were
7 were 8 semi
8 semi 11 allocated
9 - 11 allocated
10 randomly 11 allocated
11 allocated 12 to
11 allocated 28 .
12 to 13 one
13 one 14 of
14 of 17 programmes
15 two 17 programmes
16 intervention 17 programmes
17 programmes 20 or
18 ( 20 or
19 cbt 20 or
20 or 21 educ
20 or 22 )
20 or 23 consisting
20 or 28 .
23 consisting 24 of
24 of 27 sessions
25 eight 27 sessions
26 weekly 27 sessions

twenty - six participants completed the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 six
2 - 4 participants
4 participants 5 completed
5 completed 7 study
6 the 7 study

before and after intervention , salivary cortisol was collected at four different times of the day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cortisol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 before 2 and
2 and 3 after
2 and 5 ,
2 and 7 cortisol
3 after 4 intervention
6 salivary 7 cortisol
7 cortisol 8 was
8 was 9 collected
9 collected 10 at
10 at 13 times
11 four 13 times
12 different 13 times
13 times 14 of
14 of 16 day
15 the 16 day

effects of the interventions were evaluated with self [-] report psychological scales and questionnaires related to functional abilities and neuropsychiatric symptoms of the ad relative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 effects 2 of
1 effects 5 were
2 of 4 interventions
3 the 4 interventions
5 were 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 7 with
7 with 12 scales
8 self 12 scales
10 report 12 scales
11 psychological 12 scales
13 and 14 questionnaires
13 and 15 related
14 questionnaires 15 related
15 related 16 to
16 to 19 and
17 functional 18 abilities
18 abilities 19 and
19 and 21 symptoms
19 and 22 of
20 neuropsychiatric 21 symptoms
22 of 25 relative
23 the 25 relative
24 ad 25 relative

results : only in the cbt group did salivary cortisol levels significantly decrease after intervention , with a large effect size and high achieved power . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 only
2 : 13 decrease
2 : 16 ,
2 : 26 .
3 only 4 in
3 only 8 did
4 in 7 group
5 the 7 group
6 cbt 7 group
8 did 11 levels
8 did 13 decrease
9 salivary 10 cortisol
10 cortisol 11 levels
12 significantly 13 decrease
13 decrease 14 after
14 after 15 intervention
16 , 22 and
16 , 24 achieved
17 with 20 effect
17 with 22 and
18 a 19 large
18 a 20 effect
19 large 20 effect
21 size 22 and
22 and 23 high
22 and 24 achieved
24 achieved 25 power

both groups reported a reduction of neuropsychiatric symptoms of their ad relative after intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 both 2 groups
2 groups 3 reported
3 reported 5 reduction
3 reported 13 after
4 a 5 reduction
5 reduction 6 of
6 of 8 symptoms
7 neuropsychiatric 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 9 of
9 of 12 relative
10 their 12 relative
11 ad 12 relative
13 after 14 intervention

conclusion : psychoeducation for caregivers may contribute to a reduction of neuropsychiatric symptoms of ad patients while cbt additionally attenuates psychophysiological responses to stressful situations in caregivers , by reducing diurnal cortisol levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 psychoeducation
2 : 7 contribute
3 psychoeducation 4 for
3 psychoeducation 6 may
4 for 5 caregivers
6 may 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 to
7 contribute 17 while
7 contribute 23 to
7 contribute 29 by
8 to 10 reduction
9 a 10 reduction
10 reduction 11 of
10 reduction 14 of
11 of 13 symptoms
12 neuropsychiatric 13 symptoms
14 of 16 patients
15 ad 16 patients
17 while 18 cbt
17 while 20 attenuates
18 cbt 20 attenuates
19 additionally 20 attenuates
20 attenuates 22 responses
21 psychophysiological 22 responses
23 to 25 situations
24 stressful 25 situations
25 situations 26 in
26 in 27 caregivers
28 , 29 by
29 by 30 reducing
29 by 34 .
30 reducing 33 levels
31 diurnal 32 cortisol
32 cortisol 33 levels

this may lead to a positive impact in the general health of the caregiver , eventually resulting in better care of the ad patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 lead
3 lead 4 to
3 lead 8 in
3 lead 18 in
4 to 7 impact
5 a 6 positive
5 a 7 impact
6 positive 7 impact
8 in 11 health
9 the 11 health
10 general 11 health
11 health 12 of
12 of 14 caregiver
13 the 14 caregiver
14 caregiver 17 resulting
15 , 17 resulting
16 eventually 17 resulting
18 in 20 care
19 better 20 care
20 care 21 of
21 of 24 patient
22 the 24 patient
23 ad 24 patient

this study examined correlates [of] susceptibility to scams in 639 community [-] dwelling older adults without dementia from a cohort study of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
2 study 4 correlates
4 correlates 6 susceptibility
4 correlates 7 to
4 correlates 9 in
4 correlates 18 from
7 to 8 scams
9 in 15 adults
10 639 15 adults
11 community 13 dwelling
13 dwelling 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 without
16 without 17 dementia
18 from 21 study
19 a 21 study
20 cohort 21 study
21 study 22 of
22 of 23 aging

regression models adjusted for age , sex , education , and income were used to examine associations between susceptibility to scams , measured by a five [-] item self - report measure , and a number of potential correlates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 regression 2 models
2 models 6 ,
3 adjusted 4 for
3 adjusted 6 ,
4 for 5 age
6 , 16 examine
6 , 18 between
6 , 23 measured
7 sex 8 ,
8 , 9 education
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 income
11 and 13 were
13 were 14 used
14 used 15 to
15 to 16 examine
16 examine 17 associations
18 between 19 susceptibility
19 susceptibility 20 to
20 to 21 scams
22 , 23 measured
23 measured 24 by
23 measured 30 -
24 by 29 self
25 a 29 self
26 five 28 item
28 item 29 self
30 - 32 measure
30 - 34 and
30 - 40 .
31 report 32 measure
33 , 34 and
34 and 36 number
34 and 39 correlates
35 a 36 number
36 number 37 of
36 number 39 correlates
37 of 38 potential

susceptibility was positively associated with age and negatively associated with income , cognition , psychological well - being , social support , and literacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 susceptibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 susceptibility 2 was
2 was 7 and
3 positively 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 7 and
5 with 6 age
7 and 9 associated
8 negatively 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 11 income
11 income 13 cognition
11 income 16 well
12 , 13 cognition
13 cognition 14 ,
14 , 16 well
15 psychological 16 well
16 well 17 -
17 - 18 being
17 - 19 ,
17 - 25 .
19 , 23 and
20 social 21 support
21 support 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 literacy

fully adjusted models indicated that older age and lower levels of cognitive [function] , decreased psychological well - being , and lower literacy in particular may be markers of susceptibility to financial victimization in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 fully 2 adjusted
2 adjusted 3 models
3 models 4 indicated
4 indicated 5 that
5 that 8 and
5 that 27 be
6 older 7 age
7 age 8 and
8 and 10 levels
8 and 11 of
8 and 26 may
9 lower 10 levels
11 of 23 literacy
12 cognitive 17 well
12 cognitive 23 literacy
14 , 17 well
15 decreased 17 well
16 psychological 17 well
17 well 18 -
19 being 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 lower
21 and 23 literacy
23 literacy 25 particular
24 in 25 particular
26 may 27 be
27 be 28 markers
28 markers 29 of
28 markers 31 to
29 of 30 susceptibility
31 to 33 victimization
32 financial 33 victimization
33 victimization 34 in
34 in 36 age
35 old 36 age

lexical retrieval in production is a competitive process , requiring activation of a target word from semantic input and its selection from [amongst] coactivated items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 retrieval
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
1 lexical 2 retrieval
2 retrieval 3 in
2 retrieval 5 is
3 in 4 production
5 is 8 process
5 is 10 requiring
6 a 7 competitive
6 a 8 process
7 competitive 8 process
9 , 10 requiring
10 requiring 11 activation
10 requiring 16 from
10 requiring 26 .
11 activation 12 of
12 of 15 word
13 a 15 word
14 target 15 word
16 from 19 and
17 semantic 18 input
18 input 19 and
19 and 21 selection
19 and 22 from
20 its 21 selection
22 from 25 items
24 coactivated 25 items

competitors are automatically primed through spreading activation within the lexicon , [but] competition may be increased by the prior presentation of related items : the semantic interference effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 competitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 primed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 competitors 2 are
2 are 3 automatically
2 are 4 primed
4 primed 5 through
5 through 6 spreading
6 spreading 7 activation
6 spreading 8 within
8 within 10 lexicon
9 the 10 lexicon
11 , 13 competition
11 , 16 increased
11 , 24 :
13 competition 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 increased
16 increased 17 by
17 by 20 presentation
18 the 20 presentation
19 prior 20 presentation
20 presentation 21 of
21 of 23 items
22 related 23 items
24 : 28 effect
24 : 29 .
25 the 28 effect
26 semantic 27 interference
27 interference 28 effect

this has been demonstrated [in] tasks in which pictures grouped [by] semantic [category] are compared to unrelated pictures ( blocked [naming] ) and [in] tasks involving successive naming of items from the same semantic category [(] continuous naming ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 23 and
4 demonstrated 6 tasks
6 tasks 7 in
6 tasks 23 and
7 in 8 which
7 in 9 pictures
7 in 15 compared
9 pictures 10 grouped
9 pictures 14 are
10 grouped 12 semantic
14 are 15 compared
15 compared 16 to
15 compared 20 blocked
16 to 18 pictures
17 unrelated 18 pictures
19 ( 20 blocked
20 blocked 22 )
23 and 28 naming
23 and 39 )
25 tasks 28 naming
26 involving 28 naming
27 successive 28 naming
28 naming 29 of
28 naming 31 from
29 of 30 items
31 from 38 naming
32 the 33 same
32 the 38 naming
34 semantic 35 category
35 category 38 naming
37 continuous 38 naming

such highly structured tasks may not be representative of the processes at work under more natural word retrieval conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 such 4 tasks
2 highly 3 structured
3 structured 4 tasks
4 tasks 5 may
5 may 6 not
5 may 7 be
7 be 8 representative
7 be 12 at
7 be 14 under
8 representative 9 of
9 of 11 processes
10 the 11 processes
12 at 13 work
14 under 19 conditions
15 more 16 natural
16 natural 17 word
17 word 19 conditions
18 retrieval 19 conditions

therefore , we conducted a retrospective examination of naming latencies from a randomized picture naming task containing a wide variety of items and categories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 7 examination
4 conducted 11 from
5 a 6 retrospective
5 a 7 examination
6 retrospective 7 examination
7 examination 8 of
8 of 9 naming
9 naming 10 latencies
11 from 16 task
12 a 16 task
13 randomized 14 picture
14 picture 16 task
15 naming 16 task
16 task 17 containing
16 task 21 of
17 containing 20 variety
18 a 19 wide
18 a 20 variety
19 wide 20 variety
21 of 23 and
22 items 23 and
23 and 24 categories

our large sample of adults , ranging in age from 22 to 89 years , also allowed us to test the hypothesis that older adults , who are particularly susceptible to word - retrieval problems , experience increased difficulty resolving competition among lexical items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 allowed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 our 3 sample
2 large 3 sample
3 sample 4 of
3 sample 17 allowed
4 of 5 adults
5 adults 7 ranging
6 , 7 ranging
7 ranging 8 in
7 ranging 15 ,
8 in 14 years
9 age 12 to
9 age 14 years
10 from 12 to
11 22 12 to
12 to 13 89
16 also 17 allowed
17 allowed 18 us
17 allowed 19 to
17 allowed 20 test
19 to 20 test
20 test 22 hypothesis
20 test 38 increased
21 the 22 hypothesis
22 hypothesis 23 that
22 hypothesis 37 experience
22 hypothesis 38 increased
23 that 25 adults
23 that 37 experience
24 older 25 adults
25 adults 27 who
25 adults 35 problems
25 adults 37 experience
26 , 27 who
27 who 28 are
27 who 33 -
28 are 30 susceptible
29 particularly 30 susceptible
30 susceptible 31 to
30 susceptible 32 word
31 to 32 word
33 - 35 problems
34 retrieval 35 problems
35 problems 36 ,
38 increased 39 difficulty
38 increased 42 among
39 difficulty 40 resolving
40 resolving 41 competition
42 among 44 items
43 lexical 44 items

semantic interference effects were evident in the interaction between semantic category [and] order of presentation within a block - miscellaneous items were named more quickly , whereas related items were named more slowly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 semantic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 named
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 semantic 4 were
2 interference 3 effects
3 effects 4 were
4 were 5 evident
5 evident 6 in
5 evident 9 between
5 evident 16 within
6 in 8 interaction
7 the 8 interaction
9 between 13 order
10 semantic 11 category
11 category 13 order
13 order 14 of
14 of 15 presentation
16 within 18 block
17 a 18 block
19 - 21 items
19 - 23 named
20 miscellaneous 21 items
21 items 22 were
22 were 23 named
23 named 25 quickly
23 named 27 whereas
24 more 25 quickly
26 , 27 whereas
27 whereas 29 items
28 related 29 items
29 items 30 were
30 were 31 named
31 named 33 slowly
32 more 33 slowly

this interference effect did not vary with participant age , contrary to the hypothesis that older adults are more susceptible to semantic interference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vary
1 this 3 effect
2 interference 3 effect
3 effect 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 vary
6 vary 7 with
7 with 9 age
8 participant 9 age
9 age 11 contrary
10 , 11 contrary
11 contrary 12 to
11 contrary 24 .
12 to 14 hypothesis
13 the 14 hypothesis
14 hypothesis 15 that
15 that 17 adults
15 that 18 are
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 are
18 are 20 susceptible
19 more 20 susceptible
20 susceptible 21 to
21 to 23 interference
22 semantic 23 interference

plant - derived dietary polyphenols may improve some disease states and promote health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 polyphenols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 plant 2 -
1 plant 5 polyphenols
3 derived 5 polyphenols
4 dietary 5 polyphenols
5 polyphenols 11 and
6 may 7 improve
6 may 11 and
7 improve 10 states
8 some 10 states
9 disease 10 states
11 and 12 promote
12 promote 13 health

experimental evidence suggests that this is partially attributable to changes in gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 experimental 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 5 this
4 that 6 is
5 this 6 is
6 is 7 partially
6 is 8 attributable
8 attributable 9 to
8 attributable 11 in
9 to 10 changes
11 in 13 expression
12 gene 13 expression

the rational use of bioactive food components may therefore present an opportunity to activate or repress selected gene expression pathways [and] , consequently , to manage or prevent disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 use
2 rational 3 use
3 use 4 of
3 use 8 may
4 of 7 components
5 bioactive 6 food
6 food 7 components
8 may 15 or
9 therefore 10 present
10 present 12 opportunity
10 present 15 or
11 an 12 opportunity
12 opportunity 13 to
12 opportunity 14 activate
13 to 14 activate
15 or 27 or
16 repress 20 pathways
16 repress 27 or
17 selected 18 gene
18 gene 20 pathways
19 expression 20 pathways
20 pathways 25 to
20 pathways 26 manage
22 , 23 consequently
23 consequently 24 ,
23 consequently 25 to
25 to 26 manage
27 or 28 prevent
28 prevent 29 disease

it remains to be determined whether this use of bioactive food components can be done safely . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 2 remains
2 remains 3 to
3 to 4 be
4 be 5 determined
5 determined 6 whether
6 whether 8 use
6 whether 14 be
7 this 8 use
8 use 9 of
8 use 13 can
9 of 12 components
10 bioactive 11 food
11 food 12 components
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 done
15 done 16 safely

this article reviews the associated controversies and limitations of polyphenol therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 7 and
4 the 6 controversies
5 associated 6 controversies
6 controversies 7 and
7 and 8 limitations
7 and 9 of
9 of 11 therapy
10 polyphenol 11 therapy

there is a paucity of clinical data on the rational use of polyphenols , including a lack of knowledge on effective dosage , actual chemical formulations , bioavailability , distribution in tissues , the effect of genetic variations , differences in gut microflora , the synergistic ( or antagonistic ) effects observed in extracts , and the possible interaction between polyphenols and lipid domains of cell membranes that may alter the function of relevant receptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 76 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 paucity
3 a 4 paucity
4 paucity 5 of
4 paucity 12 of
4 paucity 15 including
5 of 7 data
6 clinical 7 data
7 data 8 on
8 on 11 use
9 the 11 use
10 rational 11 use
12 of 13 polyphenols
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 lack
15 including 20 on
15 including 39 ,
16 a 17 lack
17 lack 18 of
18 of 19 knowledge
20 on 22 dosage
21 effective 22 dosage
22 dosage 26 formulations
23 , 26 formulations
24 actual 26 formulations
25 chemical 26 formulations
26 formulations 28 bioavailability
26 formulations 30 distribution
26 formulations 35 effect
26 formulations 39 ,
27 , 28 bioavailability
28 bioavailability 29 ,
29 , 30 distribution
30 distribution 31 in
30 distribution 33 ,
31 in 32 tissues
33 , 35 effect
34 the 35 effect
35 effect 36 of
35 effect 39 ,
36 of 38 variations
37 genetic 38 variations
39 , 52 observed
40 differences 41 in
40 differences 44 ,
41 in 43 microflora
42 gut 43 microflora
44 , 46 synergistic
44 , 48 or
45 the 46 synergistic
47 ( 48 or
48 or 51 effects
48 or 52 observed
49 antagonistic 50 )
49 antagonistic 51 effects
52 observed 53 in
53 in 56 and
54 extracts 56 and
55 , 56 and
56 and 59 interaction
56 and 60 between
56 and 68 that
56 and 69 may
57 the 59 interaction
58 possible 59 interaction
60 between 62 and
61 polyphenols 62 and
62 and 64 domains
62 and 65 of
63 lipid 64 domains
65 of 67 membranes
66 cell 67 membranes
68 that 69 may
69 may 70 alter
70 alter 72 function
71 the 72 function
72 function 73 of
73 of 75 receptors
74 relevant 75 receptors

the seminal question of why plants make substances that benefit humans remains unanswered , and there is still much to learn in terms of correlative [versus] causal effects of human exposure to various nutrients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 question
2 seminal 3 question
3 question 4 of
3 question 12 remains
4 of 5 why
5 why 6 plants
5 why 7 make
6 plants 7 make
7 make 8 substances
7 make 11 humans
8 substances 9 that
8 substances 10 benefit
9 that 10 benefit
12 remains 13 unanswered
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 there
15 and 17 is
16 there 17 is
17 is 18 still
17 is 19 much
19 much 20 to
19 much 21 learn
20 to 21 learn
21 learn 22 in
21 learn 32 to
22 in 23 terms
23 terms 24 of
24 of 28 effects
25 correlative 28 effects
27 causal 28 effects
28 effects 29 of
29 of 31 exposure
30 human 31 exposure
32 to 34 nutrients
33 various 34 nutrients

the available data strongly suggest significant effects at the molecular level that represent interactions with the epigenome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 data
2 available 3 data
3 data 5 suggest
4 strongly 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 effects
6 significant 7 effects
7 effects 8 at
7 effects 12 that
7 effects 13 represent
8 at 11 level
9 the 11 level
10 molecular 11 level
12 that 13 represent
13 represent 14 interactions
13 represent 15 with
15 with 17 epigenome
16 the 17 epigenome

the advent of relatively simple technologies is helping the field of epigenetics progress and facilitating the acquisition of multiple types of data [that] were previously difficult to obtain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 advent
2 advent 3 of
2 advent 7 is
3 of 6 technologies
4 relatively 5 simple
5 simple 6 technologies
7 is 8 helping
8 helping 10 field
8 helping 13 progress
9 the 10 field
10 field 11 of
11 of 12 epigenetics
14 and 15 facilitating
14 and 24 were
15 facilitating 17 acquisition
15 facilitating 24 were
16 the 17 acquisition
17 acquisition 18 of
18 of 22 data
19 multiple 20 types
20 types 21 of
20 types 22 data
21 of 22 data
24 were 25 previously
24 were 26 difficult
26 difficult 27 to
26 difficult 28 obtain
27 to 28 obtain

in this review , we summarize the molecular basis of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and the epigenetic changes associated with the consumption of polyphenols that illustrate [how] modifications in human nutrition may become relevant to health and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 summarize
6 summarize 9 basis
7 the 9 basis
8 molecular 9 basis
9 basis 10 of
9 basis 14 of
10 of 13 regulation
11 the 13 regulation
12 epigenetic 13 regulation
14 of 16 expression
15 gene 16 expression
17 and 20 changes
17 and 35 become
18 the 20 changes
19 epigenetic 20 changes
20 changes 21 associated
20 changes 34 may
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 31 in
22 with 24 consumption
23 the 24 consumption
24 consumption 25 of
25 of 26 polyphenols
26 polyphenols 27 that
26 polyphenols 28 illustrate
27 that 28 illustrate
28 illustrate 30 modifications
31 in 33 nutrition
32 human 33 nutrition
34 may 35 become
35 become 36 relevant
36 relevant 37 to
37 to 39 and
38 health 39 and
39 and 40 disease

little is known regarding bone marrow ( bm ) cellularity , cd34+ fraction , and cfu - gm colony formation in relation to age and whether healthy children require a reference range distinct from healthy adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 little 2 is
2 is 6 marrow
2 is 15 and
3 known 5 bone
4 regarding 5 bone
5 bone 6 marrow
6 marrow 8 bm
7 ( 8 bm
8 bm 9 )
10 cellularity 11 ,
11 , 13 fraction
11 , 15 and
12 cd34+ 13 fraction
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 cfu
15 and 20 formation
17 - 20 formation
18 gm 19 colony
19 colony 20 formation
20 formation 21 in
20 formation 23 to
20 formation 33 distinct
20 formation 37 .
21 in 22 relation
23 to 25 and
24 age 25 and
25 and 26 whether
25 and 28 children
25 and 32 range
27 healthy 28 children
28 children 29 require
29 require 31 reference
29 require 32 range
30 a 31 reference
33 distinct 34 from
34 from 36 adults
35 healthy 36 adults

we therefore analyzed a series of single bm aspirates from 45 healthy children who were evaluated as potential bm donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 3 analyzed
2 therefore 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 5 series
3 analyzed 10 from
4 a 5 series
5 series 6 of
6 of 9 aspirates
7 single 9 aspirates
8 bm 9 aspirates
10 from 13 children
11 45 13 children
12 healthy 13 children
13 children 14 who
13 children 15 were
14 who 15 were
15 were 20 donors
16 evaluated 20 donors
17 as 18 potential
18 potential 20 donors
19 bm 20 donors

thirty - three of these children subsequently donated bm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 donated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 three
2 - 4 of
2 - 8 donated
4 of 6 children
5 these 6 children
7 subsequently 8 donated
8 donated 9 bm

we quantified the nucleated cell count [,] fraction of cd34+ cells , and number of cfu - gm colonies in single aspirates and bm harvests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 we 2 quantified
2 quantified 8 fraction
3 the 8 fraction
4 nucleated 5 cell
5 cell 6 count
6 count 8 fraction
8 fraction 9 of
8 fraction 15 of
9 of 13 and
10 cd34+ 11 cells
11 cells 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 number
15 of 16 cfu
17 - 25 harvests
17 - 26 .
18 gm 25 harvests
19 colonies 20 in
19 colonies 23 and
20 in 22 aspirates
21 single 22 aspirates
23 and 24 bm
23 and 25 harvests

single aspirates displayed a mean nucleated cell count of 31.3 × 10 ( 6 [ )(cells/ml , a mean fraction of 1.17 % cd34+ cells , and a mean colony forming potential of 66.6 cfu - gm/10 ( 5 ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspirates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 single 2 aspirates
2 aspirates 3 displayed
3 displayed 27 and
4 a 5 mean
4 a 8 count
5 mean 7 cell
6 nucleated 7 cell
7 cell 8 count
8 count 9 of
8 count 27 and
9 of 11 ×
10 31.3 11 ×
11 × 12 10
11 × 16 )(cells/ml
11 × 20 fraction
13 ( 16 )(cells/ml
14 6 16 )(cells/ml
16 )(cells/ml 17 ,
17 , 20 fraction
18 a 20 fraction
19 mean 20 fraction
20 fraction 21 of
20 fraction 26 ,
21 of 25 cells
22 1.17 25 cells
23 % 25 cells
24 cd34+ 25 cells
26 , 27 and
27 and 32 potential
27 and 33 of
28 a 32 potential
29 mean 30 colony
30 colony 32 potential
31 forming 32 potential
33 of 41 cells
34 66.6 41 cells
35 cfu 37 gm/10
35 cfu 41 cells
36 - 37 gm/10
37 gm/10 39 5
37 gm/10 40 )
38 ( 39 5
39 5 40 )

harvests yielded the same number of nucleated cells but increased numbers of cd34+ cells and cfu - gm compared with single aspirates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 harvests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 harvests 9 but
2 yielded 5 number
2 yielded 9 but
3 the 4 same
3 the 5 number
5 number 6 of
6 of 8 cells
7 nucleated 8 cells
9 but 10 increased
10 increased 11 numbers
11 numbers 12 of
12 of 15 and
13 cd34+ 14 cells
14 cells 15 and
15 and 16 cfu
17 - 18 gm
17 - 19 compared
17 - 23 .
18 gm 19 compared
19 compared 20 with
20 with 22 aspirates
21 single 22 aspirates

the mean nucleated cell count in bm harvests was 31.1 × 10 ( 6 ) [/ml] with a mean fraction of 1.95 % cd34+ cells and a mean of 112.4 cfu - gm colonies/10 ( 5 ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 count
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 the 5 count
2 mean 5 count
3 nucleated 4 cell
4 cell 5 count
5 count 6 in
5 count 9 was
6 in 8 harvests
7 bm 8 harvests
9 was 11 ×
9 was 17 with
10 31.1 11 ×
11 × 12 10
11 × 14 6
13 ( 14 6
14 6 15 )
17 with 20 fraction
18 a 20 fraction
19 mean 20 fraction
20 fraction 21 of
21 of 26 and
22 1.95 23 %
23 % 25 cells
24 cd34+ 25 cells
25 cells 26 and
26 and 28 mean
26 and 29 of
26 and 38 cells
27 a 28 mean
29 of 31 cfu
30 112.4 31 cfu
32 - 38 cells
33 gm 38 cells
34 colonies/10 36 5
34 colonies/10 37 )
34 colonies/10 38 cells
35 ( 36 5
36 5 37 )
38 cells 39 .

the concentration of nucleated cells [was] elevated compared with reported adult counts , [while] cd34+ percentage and cfu - gm counts were similar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 the 2 concentration
2 concentration 3 of
2 concentration 7 elevated
2 concentration 8 compared
3 of 5 cells
4 nucleated 5 cells
8 compared 9 with
9 with 17 and
10 reported 11 adult
11 adult 12 counts
12 counts 13 ,
13 , 16 percentage
13 , 17 and
15 cd34+ 16 percentage
17 and 18 cfu
19 - 21 counts
19 - 22 were
19 - 24 .
20 gm 21 counts
21 counts 22 were
22 were 23 similar

in this series of healthy children , the fraction of cd34+ cells , cfu - gm colonies , and nucleated cells decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 fraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 series
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 fraction
2 this 3 series
3 series 4 of
4 of 6 children
5 healthy 6 children
8 the 9 fraction
9 fraction 10 of
9 fraction 22 decreased
10 of 19 and
11 cd34+ 12 cells
12 cells 13 ,
13 , 14 cfu
13 , 19 and
14 cfu 17 colonies
15 - 17 colonies
16 gm 17 colonies
17 colonies 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 cells
20 nucleated 21 cells
22 decreased 23 with
23 with 24 age

we did not identify gender specific differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 we 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 identify
4 identify 7 differences
5 gender 7 differences
6 specific 7 differences

to our knowledge , this represents the first comprehensive study [of] cd34+ cell fraction , cfu - gm counts , and nucleated cell numbers in the bm of healthy children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 3 knowledge
1 to 4 ,
1 to 5 this
2 our 3 knowledge
5 this 21 and
6 represents 14 fraction
6 represents 21 and
7 the 14 fraction
8 first 10 study
9 comprehensive 10 study
10 study 12 cd34+
12 cd34+ 13 cell
13 cell 14 fraction
14 fraction 16 cfu
15 , 16 cfu
16 cfu 19 counts
16 cfu 20 ,
17 - 19 counts
18 gm 19 counts
19 counts 20 ,
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 nucleated
21 and 25 in
22 nucleated 24 numbers
23 cell 24 numbers
25 in 27 bm
26 the 27 bm
27 bm 28 of
28 of 30 children
29 healthy 30 children

the findings provide valuable information for practical use for bm transplantation and contribute to the understanding of hematopoiesis from birth to adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 12 and
3 provide 5 information
3 provide 12 and
4 valuable 5 information
5 information 6 for
6 for 8 use
7 practical 8 use
8 use 9 for
9 for 11 transplantation
10 bm 11 transplantation
12 and 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
13 contribute 21 to
14 to 16 understanding
15 the 16 understanding
16 understanding 17 of
17 of 18 hematopoiesis
18 hematopoiesis 19 from
19 from 20 birth
21 to 22 adulthood

this research examined the relationship between health and life satisfaction in women over 65 years of age in local communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 research
2 research 3 examined
3 examined 5 relationship
3 examined 6 between
3 examined 11 in
3 examined 13 over
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 8 and
7 health 8 and
8 and 10 satisfaction
9 life 10 satisfaction
11 in 12 women
13 over 15 years
14 65 15 years
15 years 16 of
16 of 17 age
17 age 18 in
18 in 20 communities
19 local 20 communities

the world health organization 's definition of health as physical , mental , and social well - being was used as the foundation for analyzing the effects of health on life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 organization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 4 organization
2 world 3 health
3 health 4 organization
4 organization 5 's
5 's 6 definition
5 's 9 as
6 definition 7 of
7 of 8 health
9 as 14 and
10 physical 11 ,
11 , 12 mental
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 well
14 and 17 -
14 and 18 being
14 and 25 analyzing
15 social 16 well
18 being 19 was
19 was 20 used
20 used 21 as
21 as 23 foundation
22 the 23 foundation
23 foundation 24 for
24 for 25 analyzing
25 analyzing 27 effects
25 analyzing 30 on
26 the 27 effects
27 effects 28 of
28 of 29 health
30 on 32 satisfaction
31 life 32 satisfaction

the korean longitudinal study of aging was utilized to analyze data from 2,356 women over 65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 utilized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 korean
2 korean 4 study
3 longitudinal 4 study
4 study 5 of
4 study 7 was
5 of 6 aging
7 was 8 utilized
8 utilized 9 to
9 to 10 analyze
10 analyze 11 data
10 analyze 12 from
10 analyze 15 over
12 from 14 women
13 2,356 14 women
15 over 16 65

our results showed that significant influential factors included satisfaction in relationship [with] children , self - rated health , depression , participation in social activities , and number of family members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 7 factors
4 that 8 included
5 significant 7 factors
6 influential 7 factors
7 factors 8 included
8 included 9 satisfaction
8 included 10 in
10 in 13 children
11 relationship 13 children
14 , 15 self
14 , 16 -
16 - 27 and
16 - 32 .
17 rated 18 health
18 health 19 ,
19 , 20 depression
19 , 21 ,
21 , 22 participation
21 , 27 and
22 participation 23 in
23 in 25 activities
24 social 25 activities
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 number
27 and 29 of
29 of 31 members
30 family 31 members

our findings suggest [how] older women 's health and life satisfaction can be improved , and give necessary directions for future studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 9 and
3 suggest 16 and
5 older 6 women
6 women 7 's
7 's 8 health
8 health 9 and
9 and 11 satisfaction
9 and 16 and
10 life 11 satisfaction
12 can 13 be
12 can 16 and
13 be 14 improved
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 give
16 and 19 directions
18 necessary 19 directions
19 directions 20 for
20 for 22 studies
21 future 22 studies

many emergency departments ( ed ) are experiencing ever increasing volumes as they serve as a safety net for patients [without] established access to primary care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 departments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 many 2 emergency
2 emergency 3 departments
3 departments 5 ed
3 departments 7 are
4 ( 5 ed
5 ed 6 )
7 are 8 experiencing
8 experiencing 11 volumes
8 experiencing 12 as
9 ever 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 volumes
12 as 13 they
12 as 14 serve
13 they 14 serve
14 serve 15 as
15 as 17 safety
16 a 17 safety
17 safety 18 net
17 safety 22 established
18 net 19 for
18 net 22 established
19 for 20 patients
22 established 23 access
22 established 24 to
24 to 26 care
25 primary 26 care

impending physician shortages , our aging population , and recent changes in national healthcare policy are expected to further exacerbate this situation and worsen ed overcrowding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 impending 3 shortages
2 physician 3 shortages
3 shortages 4 ,
4 , 7 population
4 , 9 and
5 our 7 population
6 aging 7 population
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 recent
9 and 11 changes
9 and 23 and
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 16 are
12 in 15 policy
13 national 15 policy
14 healthcare 15 policy
16 are 17 expected
17 expected 18 to
17 expected 23 and
18 to 23 and
19 further 20 exacerbate
20 exacerbate 22 situation
20 exacerbate 23 and
21 this 22 situation
23 and 24 worsen
23 and 26 overcrowding
24 worsen 25 ed
25 ed 26 overcrowding

these conditions could result in a dilution of ed resources and significantly impact the ability of emergency personnel to provide quality care for patients with serious illnesses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 conditions
2 conditions 11 and
3 could 4 result
3 could 11 and
4 result 5 in
5 in 7 dilution
6 a 7 dilution
7 dilution 8 of
8 of 10 resources
9 ed 10 resources
11 and 13 impact
12 significantly 13 impact
13 impact 15 ability
14 the 15 ability
15 ability 16 of
15 ability 19 to
15 ability 20 provide
16 of 18 personnel
17 emergency 18 personnel
19 to 20 provide
20 provide 22 care
20 provide 25 with
21 quality 22 care
22 care 23 for
23 for 24 patients
25 with 27 illnesses
26 serious 27 illnesses

previous studies have demonstrated that low acuity patients without emergencies can be safely and legally identified in triage and can be sent away from the ed for further outpatient treatment and evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 19 and
4 demonstrated 5 that
4 demonstrated 19 and
5 that 8 patients
5 that 18 triage
6 low 8 patients
7 acuity 8 patients
8 patients 9 without
8 patients 14 and
8 patients 18 triage
9 without 10 emergencies
11 can 12 be
11 can 14 and
12 be 13 safely
14 and 16 identified
14 and 17 in
15 legally 16 identified
19 and 20 can
20 can 21 be
21 be 22 sent
22 sent 23 away
22 sent 24 from
22 sent 27 for
24 from 26 ed
25 the 26 ed
27 for 31 and
28 further 29 outpatient
29 outpatient 30 treatment
30 treatment 31 and
31 and 32 evaluation

however , without a specific designated clinic [follow] up , these patients often fail to get the appropriate care required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 fail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 12 patients
3 without 7 clinic
3 without 12 patients
4 a 5 specific
4 a 7 clinic
5 specific 7 clinic
6 designated 7 clinic
9 up 10 ,
9 up 12 patients
11 these 12 patients
12 patients 14 fail
13 often 14 fail
14 fail 15 to
14 fail 16 get
15 to 16 get
16 get 19 care
17 the 19 care
18 appropriate 19 care
19 care 20 required

in this study , we couple the ed medical screening exam process with a timely medical referral system to a local federally qualified healthcare clinic ( fqhc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 couple
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 couple
6 couple 12 process
6 couple 13 with
6 couple 19 to
7 the 12 process
8 ed 12 process
9 medical 11 exam
10 screening 11 exam
11 exam 12 process
13 with 18 system
14 a 15 timely
14 a 18 system
15 timely 17 referral
16 medical 17 referral
17 referral 18 system
19 to 27 fqhc
20 a 27 fqhc
21 local 27 fqhc
22 federally 23 qualified
23 qualified 24 healthcare
24 healthcare 25 clinic
25 clinic 27 fqhc
26 ( 27 fqhc
27 fqhc 28 )

these referred patients were monitored for subsequent success in satisfaction with their primary care needs and their rate of recidivism to the ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 3 patients
2 referred 3 patients
3 patients 4 were
4 were 5 monitored
5 monitored 6 for
5 monitored 9 in
5 monitored 11 with
5 monitored 21 to
6 for 8 success
7 subsequent 8 success
9 in 10 satisfaction
11 with 16 and
12 their 15 needs
13 primary 14 care
14 care 15 needs
15 needs 16 and
16 and 18 rate
16 and 19 of
17 their 18 rate
19 of 20 recidivism
21 to 23 ed
22 the 23 ed

most of the [non] [-] emergent patients who were judged to be appropriate to refer to the fqhc were satisfied with their medical screening process ( 89 % ) and most elected to attend the same day clinic appointment at the fqhc ( 85 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 satisfied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 7 patients
2 of 7 patients
3 the 7 patients
6 emergent 7 patients
7 patients 8 who
7 patients 9 were
7 patients 19 were
8 who 9 were
9 were 10 judged
10 judged 11 to
10 judged 13 appropriate
11 to 12 be
13 appropriate 14 to
13 appropriate 15 refer
14 to 15 refer
15 refer 16 to
16 to 18 fqhc
17 the 18 fqhc
19 were 20 satisfied
20 satisfied 21 with
20 satisfied 40 at
21 with 30 and
21 with 32 elected
22 their 23 medical
23 medical 24 screening
23 medical 30 and
24 screening 25 process
25 process 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 89 28 %
28 % 29 )
30 and 31 most
32 elected 33 to
32 elected 34 attend
33 to 34 attend
34 attend 39 appointment
35 the 36 same
35 the 39 appointment
37 day 39 appointment
38 clinic 39 appointment
40 at 42 fqhc
41 the 42 fqhc
42 fqhc 45 %
43 ( 45 %
44 85 45 %
45 % 46 )

only 17 % of these patients who were referred out of our ed returned to be seen in our ed within the three - month interval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 returned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 only 2 17
2 17 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 7 who
3 % 8 were
3 % 14 returned
4 of 6 patients
5 these 6 patients
7 who 8 were
8 were 9 referred
9 referred 11 of
10 out 11 of
11 of 13 ed
12 our 13 ed
14 returned 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 seen
17 seen 18 in
17 seen 21 within
18 in 20 ed
19 our 20 ed
21 within 23 three
22 the 23 three
24 - 26 interval
24 - 27 .
25 month 26 interval

we concluded that referring low acuity patients out of the emergency department to a primary care clinic setting provided an opportunity for these patients to establish a medical home for future access to [non] - emergent health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 concluded
2 concluded 3 that
3 that 4 referring
3 that 19 provided
4 referring 7 patients
4 referring 9 of
4 referring 13 to
4 referring 19 provided
5 low 7 patients
6 acuity 7 patients
8 out 9 of
9 of 12 department
10 the 12 department
11 emergency 12 department
13 to 18 setting
14 a 18 setting
15 primary 16 care
16 care 18 setting
17 clinic 18 setting
19 provided 21 opportunity
19 provided 22 for
20 an 21 opportunity
22 for 24 patients
23 these 24 patients
24 patients 25 to
24 patients 33 to
25 to 26 establish
26 establish 29 home
26 establish 33 to
27 a 28 medical
27 a 29 home
28 medical 29 home
29 home 30 for
30 for 32 access
31 future 32 access
35 - 38 care
36 emergent 38 care
37 health 38 care

background : tuberculosis is a serious global health problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 tuberculosis
2 : 4 is
2 : 10 .
3 tuberculosis 4 is
4 is 9 problem
5 a 6 serious
5 a 9 problem
6 serious 7 global
7 global 9 problem
8 health 9 problem

its paradigms are shifting through time , especially in rapidly developing countries such as china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paradigms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 its 2 paradigms
2 paradigms 3 are
3 are 4 shifting
4 shifting 5 through
5 through 6 time
6 time 9 in
7 , 8 especially
7 , 9 in
9 in 11 developing
9 in 16 .
10 rapidly 11 developing
11 developing 12 countries
12 countries 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 15 china

health providers in china are at the forefront of the battle against tuberculosis ; however , there are few empirical studies on health providers ' perspectives on the challenges they face in tuberculosis control at the county level in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 providers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 health 2 providers
2 providers 3 in
2 providers 5 are
3 in 4 china
5 are 6 at
6 at 8 forefront
7 the 8 forefront
8 forefront 9 of
9 of 11 battle
10 the 11 battle
11 battle 12 against
12 against 13 tuberculosis
14 ; 17 there
14 ; 31 face
15 however 16 ,
15 however 17 there
17 there 18 are
18 are 21 studies
19 few 21 studies
20 empirical 21 studies
21 studies 22 on
21 studies 27 on
22 on 26 perspectives
23 health 24 providers
24 providers 25 '
25 ' 26 perspectives
27 on 29 challenges
28 the 29 challenges
29 challenges 30 they
29 challenges 31 face
30 they 31 face
31 face 32 in
31 face 35 at
31 face 39 in
32 in 34 control
33 tuberculosis 34 control
35 at 38 level
36 the 38 level
37 county 38 level
39 in 40 china

this study was conducted among health providers to explore their experiences with tuberculosis control in order to identify bottlenecks and emerging challenges in controlling tuberculosis in rural china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 among
4 conducted 8 to
4 conducted 12 with
5 among 7 providers
6 health 7 providers
8 to 9 explore
9 explore 11 experiences
10 their 11 experiences
12 with 20 and
12 with 23 in
13 tuberculosis 14 control
14 control 15 in
14 control 20 and
15 in 16 order
16 order 17 to
16 order 18 identify
17 to 18 identify
18 identify 19 bottlenecks
20 and 22 challenges
21 emerging 22 challenges
23 in 24 controlling
24 controlling 25 tuberculosis
25 tuberculosis 26 in
26 in 28 china
27 rural 28 china

methods : a qualitative approach was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 approach
2 : 7 used
2 : 8 .
3 a 4 qualitative
3 a 5 approach
4 qualitative 5 approach
5 approach 6 was
6 was 7 used

semi - structured , [in] - depth interviews were conducted with 17 health providers working in various positions within the health system of one rural county ( zjg ) of china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 semi 3 structured
1 semi 6 -
1 semi 8 interviews
2 - 3 structured
3 structured 4 ,
7 depth 8 interviews
8 interviews 9 were
9 were 10 conducted
10 conducted 11 with
10 conducted 16 in
11 with 14 providers
12 17 14 providers
13 health 14 providers
14 providers 15 working
16 in 18 positions
17 various 18 positions
18 positions 19 within
18 positions 23 of
19 within 22 system
20 the 22 system
21 health 22 system
23 of 26 county
24 one 26 county
25 rural 26 county
26 county 28 zjg
26 county 30 of
27 ( 28 zjg
28 zjg 29 )
30 of 31 china

data [were] analyzed based on thematic content analysis using maxqda 10 qualitative data analysis software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 data 3 analyzed
1 data 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 8 analysis
4 based 9 using
5 on 7 content
6 thematic 7 content
9 using 15 software
10 maxqda 11 10
10 maxqda 15 software
12 qualitative 13 data
13 data 15 software
14 analysis 15 software

results : health providers reported several problems in tuberculosis control in zjg [county] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 providers
2 : 5 reported
2 : 14 .
3 health 4 providers
4 providers 5 reported
5 reported 7 problems
5 reported 8 in
5 reported 11 in
6 several 7 problems
8 in 10 control
9 tuberculosis 10 control
11 in 12 zjg

migrant workers and the elderly were repeatedly documented as the main obstacles in effective tuberculosis control in the county . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 migrant 2 workers
2 workers 3 and
3 and 5 elderly
3 and 6 were
4 the 5 elderly
6 were 7 repeatedly
6 were 8 documented
8 documented 9 as
9 as 12 obstacles
10 the 11 main
10 the 12 obstacles
12 obstacles 13 in
12 obstacles 17 in
13 in 16 control
14 effective 15 tuberculosis
15 tuberculosis 16 control
17 in 19 county
18 the 19 county

at a personal level , doctors showed their frustration with the lack of new drugs for treating tuberculosis patients , and their opinions varied regarding incentives for referring patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 doctors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 at 4 level
1 at 5 ,
1 at 6 doctors
2 a 3 personal
2 a 4 level
3 personal 4 level
6 doctors 7 showed
7 showed 9 frustration
7 showed 21 and
8 their 9 frustration
9 frustration 10 with
9 frustration 13 of
10 with 12 lack
11 the 12 lack
13 of 15 drugs
14 new 15 drugs
15 drugs 16 for
16 for 17 treating
17 treating 19 patients
18 tuberculosis 19 patients
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 opinions
21 and 29 patients
22 their 23 opinions
23 opinions 24 varied
23 opinions 25 regarding
25 regarding 26 incentives
26 incentives 27 for
27 for 28 referring

conclusion : the results suggest that several problems still remain for controlling tuberculosis in rural china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 problems
6 that 10 remain
7 several 8 problems
9 still 10 remain
10 remain 11 for
11 for 12 controlling
12 controlling 13 tuberculosis
13 tuberculosis 14 in
14 in 16 china
15 rural 16 china

tuberculosis control efforts need to make reaching the most vulnerable populations a priority and encourage local health providers to adopt innovative practices in the local context based on national guidelines to achieve the best results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 tuberculosis 2 control
2 control 3 efforts
3 efforts 14 and
4 need 5 to
4 need 13 priority
4 need 14 and
5 to 6 make
6 make 7 reaching
6 make 11 populations
8 the 11 populations
9 most 10 vulnerable
10 vulnerable 11 populations
12 a 13 priority
14 and 15 encourage
14 and 19 to
14 and 23 in
15 encourage 18 providers
16 local 17 health
17 health 18 providers
19 to 20 adopt
20 adopt 22 practices
21 innovative 22 practices
23 in 26 context
24 the 26 context
25 local 26 context
26 context 27 based
27 based 28 on
27 based 31 to
28 on 30 guidelines
29 national 30 guidelines
31 to 32 achieve
32 achieve 35 results
33 the 34 best
33 the 35 results

considerable changes in china 's national tuberculosis control program are needed to tackle these emerging challenges faced by health workers at the county level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 considerable 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 10 are
3 in 9 program
4 china 5 's
5 's 9 program
6 national 7 tuberculosis
7 tuberculosis 8 control
8 control 9 program
10 are 11 needed
11 needed 12 to
12 to 13 tackle
13 tackle 16 challenges
13 tackle 18 by
14 these 16 challenges
15 emerging 16 challenges
16 challenges 17 faced
18 by 20 workers
19 health 20 workers
20 workers 21 at
21 at 24 level
22 the 24 level
23 county 24 level

the heart begins to beat before the brain is formed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heart
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 begins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 heart
2 heart 3 begins
3 begins 4 to
3 begins 5 beat
4 to 5 beat
5 beat 6 before
6 before 8 brain
6 before 10 formed
7 the 8 brain
8 brain 9 is
9 is 10 formed

whether conventional hierarchical central commands sent by the brain to the heart alone explain all the interplay between these two organs should be reconsidered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 reconsidered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 whether 5 commands
1 whether 14 explain
1 whether 15 all
2 conventional 5 commands
3 hierarchical 5 commands
4 central 5 commands
5 commands 6 sent
5 commands 10 to
5 commands 14 explain
6 sent 7 by
7 by 9 brain
8 the 9 brain
10 to 12 heart
11 the 12 heart
13 alone 14 explain
15 all 16 the
15 all 17 interplay
15 all 22 should
16 the 17 interplay
17 interplay 18 between
18 between 21 organs
19 these 20 two
20 two 21 organs
22 should 23 be
23 be 24 reconsidered

here , we demonstrate correlations between the signal complexity of brain and cardiac activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 correlations
4 demonstrate 6 between
6 between 9 complexity
7 the 9 complexity
8 signal 9 complexity
9 complexity 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 brain 12 and
12 and 14 activity
13 cardiac 14 activity

eighty - seven geriatric outpatients with healthy hearts and varied cognitive abilities each provided a 24 [-] hour electrocardiography ( ecg ) and a 19 [-] channel eye - closed routine electroencephalography ( eeg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 eighty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 5 outpatients
4 geriatric 5 outpatients
5 outpatients 6 with
5 outpatients 9 and
6 with 8 hearts
7 healthy 8 hearts
9 and 12 abilities
9 and 13 each
9 and 14 provided
9 and 21 ecg
9 and 23 and
10 varied 12 abilities
11 cognitive 12 abilities
13 each 14 provided
14 provided 19 electrocardiography
15 a 19 electrocardiography
16 24 18 hour
18 hour 19 electrocardiography
20 ( 21 ecg
21 ecg 22 )
23 and 28 eye
23 and 29 -
23 and 32 electroencephalography
24 a 28 eye
25 19 28 eye
27 channel 28 eye
29 - 32 electroencephalography
30 closed 31 routine
31 routine 32 electroencephalography
32 electroencephalography 34 eeg
32 electroencephalography 35 )
33 ( 34 eeg
34 eeg 35 )

the low [-] [to] - high frequency power ( lf/hf ) ratio of rri was calculated to represent sympatho - vagal balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 12 ratio
2 low 8 power
2 low 12 ratio
5 - 8 power
6 high 7 frequency
7 frequency 8 power
8 power 10 lf/hf
8 power 11 )
9 ( 10 lf/hf
10 lf/hf 11 )
12 ratio 13 of
12 ratio 15 was
13 of 14 rri
15 was 16 calculated
16 calculated 17 to
17 to 18 represent
18 represent 22 balance
19 sympatho 20 -
19 sympatho 22 balance
21 vagal 22 balance

whether these heart [-] brain correlations could be fully explained by the central autonomic network is unknown and needs further exploration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whether
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 whether 6 correlations
1 whether 10 explained
1 whether 16 is
2 these 6 correlations
3 heart 6 correlations
5 brain 6 correlations
6 correlations 7 could
7 could 8 be
8 be 9 fully
8 be 10 explained
10 explained 11 by
11 by 15 network
12 the 15 network
13 central 15 network
14 autonomic 15 network
16 is 17 unknown
18 and 19 needs
18 and 20 further
19 needs 20 further
20 further 21 exploration

stem cell research can lead to the development of treatments for a wide range of ailments including diabetes , heart disease , aging , neurodegenerative diseases , spinal cord injury , and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 stem 2 cell
2 cell 3 research
3 research 4 can
4 can 19 ,
5 lead 6 to
5 lead 11 for
5 lead 19 ,
6 to 8 development
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 10 treatments
11 for 14 range
12 a 14 range
13 wide 14 range
14 range 15 of
15 of 16 ailments
16 ailments 17 including
17 including 18 diabetes
19 , 20 heart
19 , 23 aging
20 heart 21 disease
22 , 23 aging
23 aging 24 ,
24 , 32 and
25 neurodegenerative 26 diseases
26 diseases 27 ,
27 , 30 injury
27 , 32 and
28 spinal 29 cord
29 cord 30 injury
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 cancer

oct4 is a master regulator of self [-] renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oct4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 oct4 2 is
2 is 5 regulator
3 a 5 regulator
4 master 5 regulator
5 regulator 6 of
6 of 9 renewal
7 self 9 renewal
9 renewal 10 of
10 of 14 cells
11 undifferentiated 13 stem
12 embryonic 13 stem
13 stem 14 cells

oct4 also plays a crucial role in reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent [stem] ( ips ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oct4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 oct4 3 plays
2 also 3 plays
3 plays 6 role
3 plays 7 in
3 plays 12 into
4 a 5 crucial
4 a 6 role
5 crucial 6 role
7 in 8 reprogramming
8 reprogramming 9 of
9 of 11 cells
10 somatic 11 cells
12 into 19 cells
13 induced 19 cells
14 pluripotent 17 ips
14 pluripotent 19 cells
16 ( 17 ips
17 ips 18 )

given known [vivo] reproductive toxicity of cobalt and nickel metals , we examined the effect of these metals on expression of several stem cell factors in embryonic tera - 1 cells , as well as stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 given 5 toxicity
2 known 5 toxicity
4 reproductive 5 toxicity
5 toxicity 6 of
5 toxicity 8 and
6 of 7 cobalt
8 and 10 metals
9 nickel 10 metals
11 , 12 we
11 , 13 examined
12 we 13 examined
13 examined 15 effect
13 examined 26 in
13 examined 33 as
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
15 effect 19 on
15 effect 21 of
16 of 18 metals
17 these 18 metals
19 on 20 expression
21 of 25 factors
22 several 25 factors
23 stem 24 cell
24 cell 25 factors
26 in 28 tera
27 embryonic 28 tera
28 tera 31 cells
29 - 31 cells
30 1 31 cells
31 cells 32 ,
33 as 34 well
34 well 35 as
35 as 37 cells
36 stem 37 cells

cobalt and nickel induced a concentration [-] dependent increase of oct4 and hif - 1α , but not nanog or klf4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cobalt 2 and
2 and 3 nickel
2 and 4 induced
4 induced 9 increase
4 induced 17 but
5 a 9 increase
6 concentration 9 increase
8 dependent 9 increase
9 increase 10 of
9 increase 15 1α
10 of 13 hif
11 oct4 12 and
12 and 13 hif
14 - 15 1α
15 1α 16 ,
17 but 18 not
17 but 20 or
19 nanog 20 or
20 or 21 klf4

oct4 induced by cobalt and nickel was due primarily to protein stabilization because mg132 stabilized oct4 in cells treated with either metals and [because] neither nickel nor cobalt significantly modulated its steady - state mrna level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oct4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 oct4 2 induced
1 oct4 7 was
2 induced 3 by
3 by 5 and
4 cobalt 5 and
5 and 6 nickel
7 was 8 due
8 due 9 primarily
8 due 13 because
8 due 20 with
9 primarily 10 to
10 to 12 stabilization
11 protein 12 stabilization
13 because 14 mg132
13 because 15 stabilized
14 mg132 15 stabilized
15 stabilized 16 oct4
16 oct4 17 in
16 oct4 19 treated
17 in 18 cells
20 with 21 either
20 with 22 metals
23 and 27 nor
23 and 30 modulated
25 neither 26 nickel
26 nickel 27 nor
27 nor 28 cobalt
27 nor 30 modulated
29 significantly 30 modulated
30 modulated 36 level
31 its 36 level
32 steady 33 -
32 steady 34 state
34 state 35 mrna
35 mrna 36 level

oct4 stabilization by cobalt and nickel was mediated largely through reactive oxygen species ( ros ) as co - treatment with ascorbic acid abolished oct4 [increase] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stabilization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 oct4 2 stabilization
2 stabilization 3 by
2 stabilization 7 was
3 by 5 and
4 cobalt 5 and
5 and 6 nickel
7 was 8 mediated
8 mediated 9 largely
8 mediated 16 )
8 mediated 18 co
9 largely 10 through
10 through 13 species
11 reactive 12 oxygen
12 oxygen 13 species
13 species 15 ros
14 ( 15 ros
15 ros 16 )
17 as 18 co
19 - 20 treatment
19 - 24 abolished
19 - 27 .
20 treatment 21 with
20 treatment 24 abolished
21 with 23 acid
22 ascorbic 23 acid
24 abolished 25 oct4

moreover , nickel and cobalt treatment increased sumoylation and mono - ubiquitination of oct4 and k123 was crucial for mediating these modifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 and
3 nickel 4 and
4 and 6 treatment
4 and 7 increased
5 cobalt 6 treatment
7 increased 8 sumoylation
9 and 12 ubiquitination
9 and 17 was
10 mono 11 -
10 mono 12 ubiquitination
12 ubiquitination 13 of
12 ubiquitination 17 was
13 of 15 and
14 oct4 15 and
15 and 16 k123
17 was 18 crucial
18 crucial 19 for
19 for 20 mediating
20 mediating 22 modifications
21 these 22 modifications

combined , our observations suggest that nickel and cobalt may exert their reproductive toxicity through perturbing oct4 activity in the stem cell compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 combined 2 ,
1 combined 4 observations
3 our 4 observations
4 observations 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 and
6 that 11 exert
7 nickel 8 and
8 and 9 cobalt
8 and 10 may
10 may 11 exert
11 exert 14 toxicity
11 exert 15 through
11 exert 19 in
12 their 14 toxicity
13 reproductive 14 toxicity
15 through 18 activity
16 perturbing 18 activity
17 oct4 18 activity
19 in 23 compartment
20 the 23 compartment
21 stem 23 compartment
22 cell 23 compartment

enduring interest in the apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) polymorphism is ensured by its evolutionary - driven uniqueness in humans and its prominent role in geriatrics and gerontology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enduring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ensured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 enduring 2 interest
1 enduring 3 in
1 enduring 11 is
3 in 10 polymorphism
4 the 10 polymorphism
5 apolipoprotein 6 e
5 apolipoprotein 8 apoe
5 apolipoprotein 10 polymorphism
7 ( 8 apoe
8 apoe 9 )
11 is 12 ensured
12 ensured 13 by
12 ensured 19 in
12 ensured 25 in
13 by 18 uniqueness
14 its 18 uniqueness
15 evolutionary 16 -
15 evolutionary 18 uniqueness
17 driven 18 uniqueness
19 in 21 and
20 humans 21 and
21 and 24 role
22 its 24 role
23 prominent 24 role
25 in 27 and
26 geriatrics 27 and
27 and 28 gerontology

we use large samples of longitudinally followed populations from the framingham heart study ( fhs ) original and offspring cohorts and the long life family study ( llfs ) to investigate gender - specific effects of the apoe4 allele on human survival in a wide range of ages from midlife to extreme old ages , and the sensitivity of these effects to cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , cancer , and neurodegenerative disorders ( nd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 77 .
1 we 2 use
2 use 4 samples
2 use 9 from
3 large 4 samples
4 samples 5 of
5 of 8 populations
6 longitudinally 7 followed
7 followed 8 populations
9 from 18 and
10 the 17 original
11 framingham 12 heart
12 heart 13 study
13 study 15 fhs
14 ( 15 fhs
15 fhs 16 )
15 fhs 17 original
17 original 18 and
18 and 32 gender
18 and 33 -
19 offspring 20 cohorts
20 cohorts 21 and
21 and 28 llfs
21 and 30 to
21 and 31 investigate
21 and 32 gender
22 the 28 llfs
23 long 24 life
24 life 25 family
25 family 26 study
26 study 28 llfs
27 ( 28 llfs
28 llfs 29 )
30 to 31 investigate
33 - 35 effects
33 - 39 allele
34 specific 35 effects
35 effects 36 of
35 effects 39 allele
36 of 38 apoe4
37 the 38 apoe4
39 allele 40 on
39 allele 43 in
40 on 42 survival
41 human 42 survival
43 in 56 and
44 a 45 wide
44 a 46 range
45 wide 46 range
46 range 47 of
46 range 49 from
46 range 56 and
47 of 48 ages
49 from 50 midlife
50 midlife 51 to
51 to 54 ages
52 extreme 54 ages
53 old 54 ages
55 , 56 and
56 and 58 sensitivity
56 and 62 to
56 and 66 cvd
56 and 71 and
57 the 58 sensitivity
58 sensitivity 59 of
59 of 61 effects
60 these 61 effects
62 to 64 disease
63 cardiovascular 64 disease
65 ( 66 cvd
66 cvd 67 )
68 , 71 and
69 cancer 71 and
70 , 71 and
71 and 73 disorders
71 and 75 nd
71 and 76 )
72 neurodegenerative 73 disorders
74 ( 75 nd
75 nd 76 )

the analyses show that women 's lifespan is more sensitive to the e4 allele than men 's in all these populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 7 lifespan
4 that 8 is
5 women 6 's
6 's 7 lifespan
7 lifespan 8 is
8 is 10 sensitive
9 more 10 sensitive
10 sensitive 11 to
10 sensitive 15 than
10 sensitive 18 in
11 to 14 allele
12 the 14 allele
13 e4 14 allele
15 than 17 's
16 men 17 's
18 in 19 all
19 all 20 these
19 all 21 populations
20 these 21 populations

a highly significant adverse effect of the e4 allele is limited to women with moderate lifespan of about 70 to 95 years in two fhs cohorts and the llfs with relative risk of death [rr] = 1.48 ( p = 3.6 × 10 ( - 6 [ )( (in the fhs cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 a 2 highly
1 a 5 effect
2 highly 3 significant
3 significant 5 effect
4 adverse 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 10 is
6 of 9 allele
7 the 9 allele
8 e4 9 allele
10 is 11 limited
11 limited 12 to
11 limited 14 with
11 limited 20 to
11 limited 49 (in
12 to 13 women
14 with 16 lifespan
15 moderate 16 lifespan
16 lifespan 17 of
17 of 19 70
18 about 19 70
20 to 22 years
21 95 22 years
22 years 23 in
22 years 37 1.48
22 years 42 ×
23 in 27 and
24 two 26 cohorts
25 fhs 26 cohorts
26 cohorts 27 and
27 and 29 llfs
27 and 30 with
28 the 29 llfs
30 with 32 risk
31 relative 32 risk
32 risk 33 of
33 of 34 death
36 = 37 1.48
37 1.48 40 =
37 1.48 42 ×
38 ( 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 3.6
42 × 43 10
43 10 46 6
44 ( 46 6
45 - 46 6
46 6 48 )(
49 (in 52 cohorts
50 the 52 cohorts
51 fhs 52 cohorts

major human diseases including cvd , nd , and cancer , whose risks can be sensitive to the e4 allele , do not mediate the association of this allele with lifespan in large fhs samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 major 3 diseases
2 human 3 diseases
3 diseases 4 including
3 diseases 9 and
4 including 5 cvd
5 cvd 7 nd
6 , 7 nd
7 nd 8 ,
9 and 10 cancer
9 and 12 whose
11 , 12 whose
12 whose 13 risks
12 whose 21 ,
13 risks 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 sensitive
16 sensitive 17 to
17 to 20 allele
18 the 20 allele
19 e4 20 allele
21 , 22 do
22 do 23 not
22 do 24 mediate
24 mediate 26 association
24 mediate 30 with
24 mediate 32 in
25 the 26 association
26 association 27 of
27 of 29 allele
28 this 29 allele
30 with 31 lifespan
32 in 35 samples
33 large 35 samples
34 fhs 35 samples

[non] - skin cancer [non] [-] additively increases mortality of the fhs women with moderate lifespans increasing the risks of death of the e4 carriers with cancer two [-] fold compared to the [non] [-] e4 carriers , i.e [.] , [rr] = 2.07 ( p = 5.0 × 10 ( - 7 ) [ )( 
2 - 4 cancer
3 skin 4 cancer
4 cancer 8 increases
7 additively 8 increases
8 increases 9 mortality
8 increases 14 with
9 mortality 10 of
10 of 13 women
11 the 13 women
12 fhs 13 women
14 with 16 lifespans
15 moderate 16 lifespans
16 lifespans 17 increasing
16 lifespans 20 of
17 increasing 19 risks
18 the 19 risks
20 of 21 death
21 death 22 of
21 death 25 carriers
21 death 30 fold
21 death 31 compared
22 of 24 e4
23 the 24 e4
25 carriers 26 with
25 carriers 30 fold
26 with 27 cancer
27 cancer 28 two
31 compared 32 to
32 to 37 carriers
33 the 37 carriers
36 e4 37 carriers
37 carriers 39 i.e
37 carriers 44 2.07
38 , 39 i.e
39 i.e 41 ,
41 , 44 2.07
43 = 44 2.07
44 2.07 47 =
44 2.07 56 )(
45 ( 47 =
46 p 47 =
47 = 49 ×
48 5.0 49 ×
49 × 50 10
49 × 53 7
51 ( 53 7
52 - 53 7
53 7 54 )

the results suggest a pivotal role of [non] [-] sex - specific cancer as a nonlinear modulator of survival in this sample that increases the risk of death of the apoe4 carriers by 150 % ( p = 5.3 × 10 ( - 8 ) ) compared to the [non] [-] carriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 role
3 suggest 47 compared
4 a 5 pivotal
4 a 6 role
5 pivotal 6 role
6 role 7 of
6 role 13 cancer
6 role 47 compared
7 of 10 sex
11 - 13 cancer
12 specific 13 cancer
13 cancer 14 as
13 cancer 46 )
14 as 17 modulator
15 a 16 nonlinear
15 a 17 modulator
16 nonlinear 17 modulator
17 modulator 18 of
18 of 19 survival
19 survival 20 in
19 survival 23 that
19 survival 24 increases
20 in 22 sample
21 this 22 sample
23 that 24 increases
24 increases 26 risk
24 increases 33 by
25 the 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
26 risk 29 of
27 of 28 death
29 of 32 carriers
30 the 32 carriers
31 apoe4 32 carriers
33 by 35 %
34 150 35 %
35 % 38 =
36 ( 38 =
37 p 38 =
38 = 40 ×
39 5.3 40 ×
40 × 41 10
40 × 44 8
42 ( 44 8
43 - 44 8
44 8 45 )
47 compared 48 to
48 to 52 carriers
49 the 52 carriers

this risk explains the 4.2 year shorter life expectancy of the e4 carriers compared to the [non] [-] carriers in this sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 risk
2 risk 3 explains
3 explains 9 expectancy
3 explains 15 to
3 explains 20 in
4 the 9 expectancy
5 4.2 6 year
6 year 9 expectancy
7 shorter 8 life
8 life 9 expectancy
9 expectancy 10 of
10 of 13 carriers
11 the 13 carriers
12 e4 13 carriers
13 carriers 14 compared
15 to 19 carriers
16 the 19 carriers
20 in 22 sample
21 this 22 sample

the analyses suggest the existence of age - and gender - sensitive systemic mechanisms linking the e4 allele to lifespan which can [non] - additively interfere with cancer - related mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
1 the 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 suggest
3 suggest 9 and
3 suggest 26 interfere
4 the 5 existence
5 existence 6 of
5 existence 9 and
6 of 7 age
8 - 9 and
9 and 10 gender
9 and 14 mechanisms
9 and 26 interfere
11 - 14 mechanisms
12 sensitive 14 mechanisms
13 systemic 14 mechanisms
14 mechanisms 15 linking
14 mechanisms 24 -
15 linking 18 allele
15 linking 19 to
16 the 18 allele
17 e4 18 allele
19 to 20 lifespan
20 lifespan 21 which
20 lifespan 22 can
21 which 22 can
25 additively 26 interfere
26 interfere 27 with
27 with 28 cancer
29 - 30 related
30 related 31 mechanisms
30 related 32 .

deregulation of the translational machinery is emerging as a critical contributor to cancer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 deregulation 2 of
1 deregulation 6 is
2 of 5 machinery
3 the 5 machinery
4 translational 5 machinery
6 is 7 emerging
7 emerging 8 as
7 emerging 12 to
8 as 11 contributor
9 a 10 critical
9 a 11 contributor
10 critical 11 contributor
12 to 14 development
13 cancer 14 development

the contribution of micrornas in translational gene control has been established however [;] the role of micrornas in disrupting the cap [-] dependent translation regulation complex has not been previously described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 contribution
2 contribution 3 of
2 contribution 9 has
3 of 4 micrornas
4 micrornas 5 in
5 in 8 control
6 translational 7 gene
7 gene 8 control
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 established
11 established 12 however
12 however 15 role
12 however 31 described
14 the 15 role
15 role 16 of
15 role 18 in
15 role 27 has
16 of 17 micrornas
18 in 19 disrupting
19 disrupting 26 complex
20 the 26 complex
21 cap 25 regulation
23 dependent 25 regulation
24 translation 25 regulation
25 regulation 26 complex
27 has 28 not
27 has 29 been
29 been 31 described
30 previously 31 described

here , we established that elevated mir - 520c - 3p represses global translation , cell proliferation and initiates premature senescence in hela and dlbcl cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 established
4 established 11 3p
4 established 12 represses
5 that 6 elevated
6 elevated 11 3p
7 mir 9 520c
7 mir 11 3p
8 - 9 520c
9 520c 10 -
11 3p 12 represses
12 represses 21 senescence
12 represses 22 in
13 global 14 translation
14 translation 15 ,
15 , 17 proliferation
15 , 18 and
16 cell 17 proliferation
18 and 19 initiates
18 and 21 senescence
20 premature 21 senescence
22 in 26 cells
23 hela 24 and
24 and 25 dlbcl
25 dlbcl 26 cells

moreover , we demonstrate that mir - 520c - 3p directly targets translation initiation factor [,] eif4gii mrna and negatively regulates eif4gii protein synthesis . mir - 520c - 3p overexpression diminishes cells colony formation and reduces tumor growth in a human [xenograft] mouse model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 19 and
4 demonstrate 5 that
4 demonstrate 19 and
5 that 10 3p
5 that 12 targets
6 mir 8 520c
6 mir 9 -
6 mir 10 3p
7 - 8 520c
8 520c 9 -
10 3p 12 targets
11 directly 12 targets
12 targets 18 mrna
13 translation 14 initiation
14 initiation 17 eif4gii
15 factor 17 eif4gii
17 eif4gii 18 mrna
19 and 21 regulates
20 negatively 21 regulates
21 regulates 24 synthesis
22 eif4gii 23 protein
23 protein 24 synthesis
25 . 31 overexpression
25 . 36 and
25 . 46 .
26 mir 28 520c
26 mir 30 3p
27 - 28 520c
28 520c 29 -
30 3p 31 overexpression
31 overexpression 36 and
32 diminishes 35 formation
32 diminishes 36 and
33 cells 34 colony
34 colony 35 formation
36 and 37 reduces
37 reduces 39 growth
38 tumor 39 growth
39 growth 40 in
40 in 45 model
41 a 45 model
42 human 45 model
44 mouse 45 model

consequently , downregulation of eif4gii by sirna decreases translation , cell proliferation and ability to form colonies , as well as induces cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 downregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreases
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 downregulation
3 downregulation 4 of
3 downregulation 8 decreases
4 of 5 eif4gii
5 eif4gii 6 by
6 by 7 sirna
8 decreases 13 and
8 decreases 15 to
9 translation 10 ,
10 , 12 proliferation
10 , 13 and
11 cell 12 proliferation
13 and 14 ability
15 to 16 form
16 form 17 colonies
16 form 19 as
18 , 19 as
19 as 20 well
19 as 25 .
20 well 22 induces
21 as 22 induces
22 induces 24 senescence
22 induces 25 .
23 cellular 24 senescence

in vitro [and] in vivo findings were further validated in patient samples ; dlbcl primary cells demonstrated low mir - 520c - 3p levels with reciprocally up - regulated eif4gii protein expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 6 findings
4 in 5 vivo
5 vivo 6 findings
6 findings 7 were
7 were 9 validated
8 further 9 validated
9 validated 10 in
10 in 12 samples
11 patient 12 samples
13 ; 16 cells
13 ; 18 low
14 dlbcl 16 cells
15 primary 16 cells
16 cells 17 demonstrated
16 cells 18 low
18 low 24 levels
19 mir 20 -
19 mir 24 levels
21 520c 22 -
21 520c 24 levels
23 3p 24 levels
24 levels 25 with
25 with 32 expression
26 reciprocally 27 up
27 up 28 -
27 up 31 protein
29 regulated 31 protein
30 eif4gii 31 protein
31 protein 32 expression

our results provide evidence that the tumor suppressor effect of mir - 520c - 3p is mediated through repression of translation while inducing senescence and that eif4gii is a key effector of this anti - tumor activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 4 evidence
3 provide 18 through
3 provide 22 while
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 9 effect
5 that 17 mediated
6 the 9 effect
7 tumor 9 effect
8 suppressor 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 15 3p
9 effect 16 is
9 effect 17 mediated
10 of 11 mir
11 mir 13 520c
12 - 13 520c
13 520c 14 -
15 3p 16 is
18 through 19 repression
19 repression 20 of
20 of 21 translation
22 while 23 inducing
23 inducing 24 senescence
25 and 27 eif4gii
25 and 28 is
26 that 27 eif4gii
27 eif4gii 28 is
28 is 31 effector
29 a 31 effector
30 key 31 effector
31 effector 32 of
32 of 37 activity
33 this 37 activity
34 anti 35 -
34 anti 36 tumor
36 tumor 37 activity

study objectives : evaluate long - term effects of group interventions on sleep and pain outcomes in a primary care population of older adults with osteoarthritis pain and sleep disturbance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 study 2 objectives
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 14 and
4 evaluate 8 effects
4 evaluate 12 on
4 evaluate 14 and
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
7 term 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 11 interventions
10 group 11 interventions
12 on 13 sleep
14 and 15 pain
14 and 21 population
15 pain 16 outcomes
15 pain 17 in
17 in 19 primary
18 a 19 primary
20 care 21 population
21 population 22 of
22 of 28 and
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 with
24 adults 28 and
25 with 27 pain
26 osteoarthritis 27 pain
28 and 30 disturbance
29 sleep 30 disturbance

design : double - blind , cluster - randomized controlled trial [with] 18 - [mo] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 cluster
2 : 8 -
2 : 14 -
3 double 4 -
3 double 7 cluster
5 blind 6 ,
5 blind 7 cluster
8 - 11 trial
9 randomized 11 trial
10 controlled 11 trial
11 trial 13 18
13 18 14 -
14 - 16 follow
16 follow 18 up
17 - 18 up
18 up 19 .

setting : group health and university of washington , seattle , wa , from 2009 to 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 group
3 group 6 university
3 group 16 to
4 health 5 and
5 and 6 university
6 university 7 of
7 of 8 washington
8 washington 10 seattle
9 , 10 seattle
10 seattle 12 wa
10 seattle 13 ,
11 , 12 wa
12 wa 13 ,
14 from 16 to
15 2009 16 to
16 to 17 2011

participants : three hundred sixty - seven adults age 60 [y] and older , with osteoarthritis pain and insomnia symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 hundred
2 : 6 -
2 : 12 and
3 three 4 hundred
5 sixty 6 -
6 - 7 seven
8 adults 9 age
9 age 10 60
9 age 12 and
12 and 13 older
13 older 15 with
14 , 15 with
15 with 18 and
15 with 21 .
16 osteoarthritis 17 pain
17 pain 18 and
18 and 20 symptoms
19 insomnia 20 symptoms

interventions : six weekly sessions of group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and pain ( cbt - pi ) , pain alone ( cbt - p [ )(, and education - only control ( eoc ) delivered in patients ' primary care clinics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 interventions 2 :
2 : 5 sessions
2 : 11 for
2 : 22 alone
2 : 25 -
3 six 4 weekly
4 weekly 5 sessions
5 sessions 6 of
6 of 10 therapy
7 group 10 therapy
8 cognitive 10 therapy
9 behavioral 10 therapy
11 for 21 pain
12 insomnia 13 and
13 and 14 pain
13 and 16 cbt
13 and 21 pain
15 ( 16 cbt
16 cbt 18 pi
16 cbt 20 ,
17 - 18 pi
18 pi 19 )
23 ( 25 -
24 cbt 25 -
25 - 29 and
25 - 44 .
26 p 29 and
28 )(, 29 and
29 and 30 education
29 and 31 -
29 and 32 only
29 and 37 delivered
32 only 33 control
33 control 35 eoc
33 control 37 delivered
34 ( 35 eoc
35 eoc 36 )
37 delivered 38 in
38 in 43 clinics
39 patients 40 '
40 ' 43 clinics
41 primary 43 clinics
42 care 43 clinics

measurements and results : there were no significant differences between treatment groups in sleep outcomes at 18 mo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 measurements 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 5 there
4 : 6 were
4 : 19 .
5 there 6 were
6 were 9 differences
7 no 9 differences
8 significant 9 differences
9 differences 10 between
10 between 12 groups
11 treatment 12 groups
12 groups 13 in
12 groups 16 at
13 in 15 outcomes
14 sleep 15 outcomes
16 at 18 mo
17 18 18 mo

this is a change [from] published significant 9 - [mo] [follow] - up results for insomnia severity ( insomnia severity index ) and sleep efficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 change
2 is 9 -
3 a 4 change
4 change 6 published
6 published 7 significant
8 9 9 -
9 - 12 -
12 - 23 and
13 up 14 results
14 results 15 for
14 results 23 and
15 for 17 severity
16 insomnia 17 severity
17 severity 21 index
18 ( 21 index
19 insomnia 20 severity
20 severity 21 index
21 index 22 )
23 and 25 efficiency
24 sleep 25 efficiency

there were no significant treatment differences in pain at either [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 6 differences
3 no 6 differences
4 significant 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 9 at
7 in 8 pain
9 at 10 either
12 - 13 up

post [hoc] analyses of participants with greater insomnia and pain severity at baseline ( n = 98 ) showed significant ( p = 0.01 ) 18 [-] mo reductions in pain comparing cbt - pi versus cbt [-] p ( adjusted mean difference [ amd ] = - 1.29 [ 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) [:] - 2.24 , - 0.33 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
1 post 3 analyses
1 post 6 with
3 analyses 4 of
4 of 5 participants
6 with 8 insomnia
7 greater 8 insomnia
9 and 11 severity
9 and 19 showed
10 pain 11 severity
11 severity 12 at
11 severity 16 =
11 severity 19 showed
12 at 13 baseline
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 17 98
16 = 18 )
19 showed 29 reductions
19 showed 30 in
20 significant 23 =
20 significant 25 )
20 significant 29 reductions
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.01
26 18 28 mo
28 mo 29 reductions
30 in 37 cbt
31 pain 37 cbt
32 comparing 37 cbt
33 cbt 35 pi
34 - 35 pi
35 pi 36 versus
36 versus 37 cbt
37 cbt 39 p
37 cbt 48 -
40 ( 48 -
41 adjusted 42 mean
42 mean 43 difference
42 mean 47 =
42 mean 48 -
43 difference 45 amd
43 difference 47 =
44 [ 45 amd
45 amd 46 ]
48 - 49 1.29
49 1.29 54 interval
50 [ 54 interval
51 95 52 %
52 % 54 interval
53 confidence 54 interval
54 interval 56 ci
54 interval 60 2.24
54 interval 66 .
55 ( 56 ci
56 ci 57 )
59 - 60 2.24
60 2.24 63 0.33
60 2.24 65 )
61 , 63 0.33
62 - 63 0.33
63 0.33 64 ]

moderate , albeit nonsignificant , cbt - pi versus eoc treatment effects for insomnia severity ( amd [=] - 1.43 [ 95 % ci : - 4.71 , 1.86 ] ) and sleep efficiency [(] amd = 2.50 [ 95 % ci : - 5.04 , 10.05 ] ) were also observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 moderate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 moderate 3 albeit
2 , 3 albeit
3 albeit 36 amd
4 nonsignificant 6 cbt
4 nonsignificant 11 treatment
5 , 6 cbt
6 cbt 7 -
8 pi 9 versus
9 versus 10 eoc
10 eoc 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 effects
12 effects 13 for
12 effects 32 and
13 for 15 severity
14 insomnia 15 severity
15 severity 17 amd
15 severity 20 1.43
16 ( 17 amd
17 amd 19 -
19 - 20 1.43
20 1.43 26 -
20 1.43 29 1.86
20 1.43 31 )
21 [ 26 -
22 95 23 %
23 % 24 ci
23 % 25 :
23 % 26 -
24 ci 25 :
26 - 27 4.71
26 - 28 ,
28 , 29 1.86
29 1.86 30 ]
32 and 34 efficiency
32 and 36 amd
33 sleep 34 efficiency
36 amd 38 2.50
36 amd 50 were
36 amd 52 observed
37 = 38 2.50
38 2.50 41 %
38 2.50 50 were
39 [ 41 %
40 95 41 %
41 % 42 ci
41 % 43 :
41 % 45 5.04
41 % 49 )
42 ci 43 :
44 - 45 5.04
45 5.04 47 10.05
45 5.04 49 )
46 , 47 10.05
47 10.05 48 ]
50 were 51 also

possible trial design and methodological considerations that may have affected results are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 possible 2 trial
2 trial 3 design
4 and 6 considerations
4 and 13 discussed
5 methodological 6 considerations
6 considerations 7 that
6 considerations 8 may
6 considerations 12 are
7 that 8 may
8 may 9 have
9 have 10 affected
10 affected 11 results
12 are 13 discussed

conclusions : results suggest patients with higher levels of comorbid pain and insomnia may be most likely to experience sustained benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy interventions over time , and inclusion of insomnia treatment may yield more clinically meaningful improvements than cognitive behavioral therapy for pain alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 4 suggest
3 results 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 patients
4 suggest 6 with
6 with 8 levels
7 higher 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
8 levels 16 most
8 levels 21 benefit
9 of 10 comorbid
10 comorbid 12 and
10 comorbid 15 be
11 pain 12 and
12 and 13 insomnia
12 and 14 may
14 may 15 be
16 most 17 likely
16 most 21 benefit
17 likely 18 to
18 to 19 experience
19 experience 20 sustained
21 benefit 22 from
21 benefit 27 over
21 benefit 41 than
21 benefit 45 for
21 benefit 47 alone
22 from 26 interventions
23 cognitive 26 interventions
24 behavioral 26 interventions
25 therapy 26 interventions
27 over 40 improvements
28 time 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 inclusion
30 and 40 improvements
31 inclusion 32 of
32 of 33 insomnia
33 insomnia 34 treatment
33 insomnia 36 yield
34 treatment 35 may
35 may 36 yield
37 more 38 clinically
38 clinically 39 meaningful
39 meaningful 40 improvements
41 than 44 therapy
42 cognitive 44 therapy
43 behavioral 44 therapy
45 for 46 pain

trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct01142349 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 registration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 trial 2 registration
3 : 5 identifier
3 : 6 :
4 clinicaltrials.gov 5 identifier
6 : 7 nct01142349
6 : 8 .

while the past decade has seen great progress in mapping loci for common diseases , studying how these risk alleles lead to pathology remains a challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 studying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 while 4 decade
1 while 6 seen
1 while 15 ,
1 while 16 studying
2 the 3 past
2 the 4 decade
4 decade 5 has
5 has 6 seen
6 seen 8 progress
6 seen 9 in
7 great 8 progress
9 in 10 mapping
10 mapping 11 loci
11 loci 12 for
12 for 14 diseases
13 common 14 diseases
16 studying 17 how
16 studying 24 remains
17 how 20 alleles
17 how 21 lead
18 these 20 alleles
19 risk 20 alleles
20 alleles 21 lead
21 lead 22 to
22 to 23 pathology
24 remains 26 challenge
25 a 26 challenge

age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) affects 9 million older americans , and is characterized by the loss of the retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 age 15 and
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 degeneration
3 related 8 )
3 related 9 affects
4 macular 5 degeneration
5 degeneration 7 amd
6 ( 7 amd
7 amd 8 )
9 affects 13 americans
9 affects 15 and
10 9 11 million
11 million 13 americans
12 older 13 americans
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 is
16 is 17 characterized
17 characterized 18 by
18 by 20 loss
19 the 20 loss
20 loss 21 of
20 loss 27 rpe
21 of 25 epithelium
22 the 25 epithelium
23 retinal 24 pigment
24 pigment 25 epithelium
26 ( 27 rpe
27 rpe 28 )

although the closely linked genome - wide association studies arms2/htra1 genes , located at the chromosome 10q26 locus , are strongly associated with the risk of amd , their downstream targets are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 targets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 5 genome
1 although 28 ,
1 although 31 targets
2 the 5 genome
3 closely 4 linked
4 linked 5 genome
5 genome 9 studies
6 - 9 studies
7 wide 8 association
8 association 9 studies
9 studies 10 arms2/htra1
9 studies 22 associated
9 studies 28 ,
10 arms2/htra1 11 genes
10 arms2/htra1 20 are
10 arms2/htra1 22 associated
11 genes 13 located
11 genes 20 are
12 , 13 located
13 located 14 at
13 located 19 ,
14 at 18 locus
15 the 18 locus
16 chromosome 18 locus
17 10q26 18 locus
21 strongly 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 25 risk
24 the 25 risk
25 risk 26 of
26 of 27 amd
29 their 31 targets
30 downstream 31 targets
31 targets 32 are
32 are 33 unknown

low population frequencies of risk alleles in tissue banks make it impractical to study their function in cells derived from autopsied tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 frequencies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 low 3 frequencies
2 population 3 frequencies
3 frequencies 4 of
3 frequencies 10 make
4 of 6 alleles
5 risk 6 alleles
6 alleles 7 in
7 in 9 banks
8 tissue 9 banks
10 make 11 it
11 it 12 impractical
12 impractical 13 to
12 impractical 14 study
13 to 14 study
14 study 16 function
14 study 17 in
15 their 16 function
17 in 18 cells
18 cells 19 derived
19 derived 20 from
20 from 22 tissue
21 autopsied 22 tissue

moreover , autopsy eyes from end [-] stage amd patients , where age - related rpe atrophy and fibrosis are already present , cannot be used to determine how abnormal arms2/htra1 expression can initiate rpe pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 autopsy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 autopsy
3 autopsy 4 eyes
4 eyes 5 from
5 from 10 patients
6 end 8 stage
8 stage 10 patients
9 amd 10 patients
11 , 32 expression
11 , 34 initiate
12 where 13 age
12 where 26 used
12 where 32 expression
13 age 24 cannot
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 rpe
15 related 23 ,
15 related 24 cannot
16 rpe 18 and
16 rpe 22 present
17 atrophy 18 and
18 and 19 fibrosis
18 and 20 are
20 are 22 present
21 already 22 present
24 cannot 25 be
25 be 26 used
26 used 27 to
26 used 28 determine
27 to 28 determine
28 determine 29 how
29 how 30 abnormal
31 arms2/htra1 32 expression
32 expression 33 can
33 can 34 initiate
34 initiate 36 pathology
35 rpe 36 pathology

instead , induced pluripotent stem [(] ips ) cell [-] derived rpe from patients provides us with earlier stage amd patient - specific cells and allows us to analyze the underlying mechanisms at this critical time point . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 rpe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 12 rpe
3 induced 4 pluripotent
4 pluripotent 11 derived
5 stem 11 derived
7 ips 8 )
7 ips 9 cell
9 cell 11 derived
11 derived 12 rpe
12 rpe 13 from
12 rpe 25 and
13 from 14 patients
15 provides 16 us
15 provides 17 with
15 provides 25 and
17 with 24 cells
18 earlier 19 stage
19 stage 24 cells
20 amd 24 cells
21 patient 22 -
21 patient 24 cells
23 specific 24 cells
25 and 26 allows
25 and 33 at
26 allows 27 us
26 allows 28 to
26 allows 29 analyze
28 to 29 analyze
29 analyze 32 mechanisms
30 the 32 mechanisms
31 underlying 32 mechanisms
33 at 37 point
34 this 37 point
35 critical 37 point
36 time 37 point

an unbiased proteome screen of a2e - aged patient - specific ips - derived rpe cell lines identified superoxide dismutase 2 ( sod2 ) - mediated antioxidative defense in the genetic allele's susceptibility of amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 screen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 an 2 unbiased
1 an 4 screen
2 unbiased 3 proteome
3 proteome 4 screen
4 screen 5 of
4 screen 15 rpe
4 screen 26 mediated
5 of 6 a2e
6 a2e 12 ips
7 - 12 ips
8 aged 12 ips
9 patient 10 -
9 patient 12 ips
11 specific 12 ips
12 ips 13 -
13 - 15 rpe
14 derived 15 rpe
15 rpe 17 lines
15 rpe 18 identified
15 rpe 25 -
16 cell 17 lines
17 lines 18 identified
18 identified 20 dismutase
19 superoxide 20 dismutase
20 dismutase 21 2
20 dismutase 23 sod2
22 ( 23 sod2
23 sod2 24 )
26 mediated 28 defense
26 mediated 29 in
27 antioxidative 28 defense
29 in 33 susceptibility
30 the 33 susceptibility
31 genetic 32 allele's
32 allele's 33 susceptibility
33 susceptibility 34 of
34 of 35 amd

the amd - associated risk haplotype ( t - in/del - a ) impairs the ability of the rpe to defend against aging - related oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 amd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 amd
2 amd 5 risk
2 amd 25 related
3 - 5 risk
4 associated 5 risk
5 risk 6 haplotype
5 risk 21 defend
5 risk 24 -
6 haplotype 8 t
6 haplotype 11 -
6 haplotype 14 impairs
7 ( 8 t
8 t 9 -
9 - 11 -
10 in/del 11 -
11 - 12 a
11 - 13 )
14 impairs 16 ability
15 the 16 ability
16 ability 17 of
16 ability 20 to
16 ability 21 defend
17 of 19 rpe
18 the 19 rpe
20 to 21 defend
21 defend 22 against
22 against 23 aging
25 related 27 stress
26 oxidative 27 stress

sod2 defense is impaired in rpe homozygous for the risk haplotype ( t - in/del - a [;] t - in/del - a ) , while the effect was less pronounced in rpe homozygous for the protective haplotype ( g - wt - g ; g - wt - g [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sod2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 )(
1 sod2 2 defense
1 sod2 3 is
1 sod2 4 impaired
2 defense 3 is
4 impaired 5 in
4 impaired 11 haplotype
4 impaired 16 -
4 impaired 22 -
5 in 6 rpe
6 rpe 7 homozygous
7 homozygous 8 for
8 for 10 risk
9 the 10 risk
11 haplotype 13 t
12 ( 13 t
13 t 14 -
14 - 16 -
15 in/del 16 -
16 - 19 t
16 - 20 -
17 a 19 t
20 - 22 -
21 in/del 22 -
22 - 23 a
22 - 24 )
25 , 30 less
25 , 31 pronounced
25 , 43 -
26 while 28 effect
26 while 29 was
26 while 30 less
27 the 28 effect
28 effect 29 was
30 less 31 pronounced
31 pronounced 32 in
31 pronounced 38 haplotype
32 in 33 rpe
33 rpe 34 homozygous
34 homozygous 35 for
35 for 37 protective
36 the 37 protective
38 haplotype 41 -
39 ( 41 -
40 g 41 -
41 - 42 wt
41 - 43 -
43 - 44 g
43 - 45 ;
45 ; 46 g
45 ; 47 -
45 ; 49 -
46 g 47 -
47 - 48 wt
49 - 50 g

arms2/htra1 risk alleles decrease sod2 defense , making rpe more susceptible to oxidative damage and thereby contributing to amd pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alleles
1 arms2/htra1 2 risk
2 risk 3 alleles
3 alleles 6 defense
4 decrease 6 defense
5 sod2 6 defense
6 defense 8 making
7 , 8 making
8 making 15 and
8 making 18 to
8 making 21 .
9 rpe 11 susceptible
9 rpe 15 and
10 more 11 susceptible
11 susceptible 12 to
12 to 14 damage
13 oxidative 14 damage
15 and 16 thereby
15 and 17 contributing
18 to 20 pathogenesis
19 amd 20 pathogenesis

objective : male hypogonadism is common in the elderly and has been associated with increased risk of mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 hypogonadism
2 : 10 and
2 : 19 .
3 male 4 hypogonadism
4 hypogonadism 10 and
5 is 6 common
5 is 10 and
6 common 7 in
7 in 9 elderly
8 the 9 elderly
10 and 11 has
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 risk
15 increased 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 18 mortality

our objective has been to assess the prevalence of primary and central hypogonadism in elderly male patients admitted to the hospital because of acute illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 admitted
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 to
4 been 6 assess
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 8 prevalence
6 assess 18 admitted
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 18 admitted
9 of 13 hypogonadism
10 primary 11 and
11 and 12 central
11 and 13 hypogonadism
13 hypogonadism 14 in
14 in 17 patients
15 elderly 17 patients
16 male 17 patients
18 admitted 19 to
18 admitted 23 of
18 admitted 26 .
19 to 21 hospital
20 the 21 hospital
22 because 23 of
23 of 25 illness
24 acute 25 illness

we also evaluated the relationships between gonadal dysfunction and in [-] hospital mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 3 evaluated
2 also 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 5 relationships
4 the 5 relationships
5 relationships 9 and
6 between 8 dysfunction
6 between 9 and
7 gonadal 8 dysfunction
9 and 10 in
10 in 13 mortality
12 hospital 13 mortality

patients and methods : 150 patients , aged ≥65 years , admitted during 2010 and 2011 in our geriatric unit , were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 patients
4 : 22 were
4 : 24 .
5 150 6 patients
6 patients 10 years
6 patients 22 were
7 , 10 years
8 aged 10 years
9 ≥65 10 years
10 years 12 admitted
10 years 21 ,
11 , 12 admitted
12 admitted 13 during
12 admitted 17 in
12 admitted 21 ,
13 during 15 and
14 2010 15 and
15 and 16 2011
17 in 20 unit
18 our 20 unit
19 geriatric 20 unit
22 were 23 studied

serum concentrations total , bioavailable and free testosterone , as well as of follicle - stimulating [hormone] and luteinizing hormone were quantified in every patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 serum 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 6 and
3 total 4 ,
3 total 5 bioavailable
3 total 6 and
6 and 7 free
6 and 8 testosterone
9 , 18 and
9 , 22 quantified
10 as 11 well
10 as 15 -
10 as 18 and
11 well 12 as
12 as 13 of
13 of 14 follicle
16 stimulating 18 and
18 and 20 hormone
18 and 21 were
19 luteinizing 20 hormone
21 were 22 quantified
22 quantified 23 in
23 in 25 patient
24 every 25 patient

hypogonadism was defined by the presence of serum testosterone levels lower than 200 ng/dl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hypogonadism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 hypogonadism 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 4 by
3 defined 11 lower
4 by 6 presence
5 the 6 presence
6 presence 7 of
7 of 10 levels
8 serum 10 levels
9 testosterone 10 levels
11 lower 12 than
12 than 14 ng/dl
13 200 14 ng/dl

results : hypogonadism was found in 80 patients ( 53.3 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 hypogonadism
2 : 5 found
2 : 13 .
3 hypogonadism 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 in
6 in 8 patients
7 80 8 patients
8 patients 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 53.3 11 %
11 % 12 )

serum gonadotropin concentrations were elevated in 43.7 % of these patients , whereas 41.3 % of hypogonadic patients showed normal and 15 % low gonadotropin concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 serum 3 concentrations
2 gonadotropin 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 were
4 were 5 elevated
5 elevated 6 in
5 elevated 13 whereas
6 in 8 %
7 43.7 8 %
8 % 9 of
9 of 11 patients
10 these 11 patients
12 , 13 whereas
13 whereas 15 %
14 41.3 15 %
15 % 16 of
15 % 19 showed
16 of 18 patients
17 hypogonadic 18 patients
19 showed 21 and
19 showed 26 concentrations
20 normal 21 and
21 and 24 low
22 15 23 %
23 % 24 low
25 gonadotropin 26 concentrations

respiratory tract infection and congestive heart failure were the main causes of hospitalization in hypogonadal men , whereas acute cerebrovascular disease was the main reason for admission in eugonadal patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 respiratory 2 tract
2 tract 3 infection
3 infection 4 and
4 and 7 failure
4 and 8 were
5 congestive 6 heart
6 heart 7 failure
8 were 11 causes
9 the 10 main
9 the 11 causes
11 causes 12 of
12 of 13 hospitalization
13 hospitalization 14 in
14 in 16 men
15 hypogonadal 16 men
17 , 25 reason
18 whereas 21 disease
18 whereas 22 was
18 whereas 25 reason
19 acute 21 disease
20 cerebrovascular 21 disease
21 disease 22 was
22 was 24 main
23 the 24 main
25 reason 26 for
25 reason 28 in
26 for 27 admission
28 in 30 patients
29 eugonadal 30 patients

of the 13 patients who died during hospitalization , 12 were hypogonadic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 12
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 of 4 patients
1 of 9 ,
1 of 10 12
2 the 3 13
3 13 4 patients
4 patients 5 who
4 patients 6 died
5 who 6 died
6 died 7 during
7 during 8 hospitalization
10 12 11 were
11 were 12 hypogonadic

patients who died showed significantly lower serum levels of total , free and bioavailable testosterone than those found in patients who survived . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 patients 2 who
1 patients 3 died
1 patients 4 showed
2 who 3 died
4 showed 7 serum
4 showed 8 levels
4 showed 16 than
5 significantly 6 lower
6 lower 7 serum
8 levels 9 of
9 of 15 testosterone
10 total 11 ,
10 total 15 testosterone
12 free 13 and
13 and 14 bioavailable
13 and 15 testosterone
16 than 17 those
16 than 18 found
17 those 18 found
18 found 19 in
18 found 20 patients
20 patients 21 who
20 patients 22 survived
21 who 22 survived

conclusion : our results show that about half of patients admitted for acute illness have hypogonadism , mainly [of] [non] - [hypergonadotropic] type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 show
2 : 17 ,
2 : 24 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 8 half
6 that 15 have
7 about 8 half
8 half 9 of
8 half 15 have
9 of 10 patients
10 patients 11 admitted
11 admitted 12 for
12 for 14 illness
13 acute 14 illness
15 have 16 hypogonadism
17 , 23 type
18 mainly 21 -
18 mainly 23 type

gonadal hypofunction is significantly related with [in] [-] hospital mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypofunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 gonadal 2 hypofunction
2 hypofunction 3 is
3 is 4 significantly
3 is 5 related
5 related 6 with
6 with 10 mortality
9 hospital 10 mortality

a low value of serum testosterone may be a predictor for mortality in elderly male patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 low
1 a 3 value
2 low 3 value
3 value 4 of
3 value 7 may
4 of 6 testosterone
5 serum 6 testosterone
7 may 8 be
8 be 10 predictor
9 a 10 predictor
10 predictor 11 for
10 predictor 13 in
11 for 12 mortality
13 in 16 patients
14 elderly 16 patients
15 male 16 patients

objectives : to investigate anti - dementia drugs , associated characteristics of cholinesterase inhibitors ( cheis ) and nmda antagonists , co - medication , and idu in a large population of outpatients with mild ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 9 ,
3 to 9 ,
4 investigate 8 drugs
4 investigate 9 ,
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 7 dementia
7 dementia 8 drugs
9 , 10 associated
10 associated 26 and
10 associated 28 in
10 associated 34 with
11 characteristics 12 of
11 characteristics 18 and
12 of 14 inhibitors
13 cholinesterase 14 inhibitors
14 inhibitors 16 cheis
15 ( 16 cheis
16 cheis 17 )
18 and 20 antagonists
18 and 24 medication
18 and 26 and
19 nmda 20 antagonists
21 , 24 medication
22 co 23 -
22 co 24 medication
24 medication 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 idu
28 in 31 population
29 a 31 population
30 large 31 population
31 population 32 of
32 of 33 outpatients
34 with 36 ad
35 mild 36 ad

methods : in this cross - sectional analysis of medication characteristics , we analyzed data from the swedish dementia quality registry ( svedem ) on 5,907 newly diagnosed ad patients who were registered in memory clinics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 we
2 : 14 analyzed
2 : 37 .
3 in 5 cross
3 in 12 ,
3 in 13 we
4 this 5 cross
5 cross 8 analysis
6 - 8 analysis
7 sectional 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 of
8 analysis 12 ,
9 of 11 characteristics
10 medication 11 characteristics
13 we 14 analyzed
14 analyzed 15 data
14 analyzed 28 diagnosed
15 data 16 from
15 data 25 on
15 data 28 diagnosed
16 from 21 registry
17 the 18 swedish
18 swedish 21 registry
19 dementia 20 quality
20 quality 21 registry
21 registry 23 svedem
22 ( 23 svedem
23 svedem 24 )
25 on 26 5,907
27 newly 28 diagnosed
28 diagnosed 30 patients
29 ad 30 patients
30 patients 31 who
30 patients 32 were
31 who 32 were
32 were 33 registered
33 registered 34 in
34 in 36 clinics
35 memory 36 clinics

svedem is a national quality registry in sweden , which was established [in] 2007 to evaluate and improve dementia [healthcare] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 svedem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 svedem 2 is
2 is 6 registry
3 a 4 national
3 a 6 registry
4 national 5 quality
5 quality 6 registry
6 registry 7 in
7 in 8 sweden
9 , 10 which
9 , 17 and
10 which 11 was
11 was 17 and
12 established 14 2007
12 established 17 and
14 2007 15 to
14 2007 16 evaluate
15 to 16 evaluate
17 and 18 improve
18 improve 19 dementia

comparisons were performed concerning co - medications , use of ≥3 psychotropic drugs ( idu ) and polypharmacy ( ≥5 drugs ) based on anti - dementia treatment ( cheis or nmda antagonists ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparisons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 comparisons 2 were
2 were 5 co
3 performed 5 co
4 concerning 5 co
5 co 7 medications
6 - 7 medications
7 medications 9 use
7 medications 16 )
8 , 9 use
9 use 10 of
9 use 15 idu
9 use 16 )
10 of 13 drugs
11 ≥3 13 drugs
12 psychotropic 13 drugs
14 ( 15 idu
15 idu 16 )
17 and 18 polypharmacy
17 and 23 based
18 polypharmacy 21 drugs
18 polypharmacy 23 based
19 ( 21 drugs
20 ≥5 21 drugs
21 drugs 22 )
23 based 24 on
23 based 28 treatment
24 on 27 dementia
25 anti 26 -
25 anti 27 dementia
28 treatment 31 or
29 ( 31 or
30 cheis 31 or
31 or 33 antagonists
31 or 34 )
32 nmda 33 antagonists

information on baseline characteristics such as age , sex , living conditions , cognitive evaluation base [d] on the mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) score , and diagnostic work - up was also evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 information 2 on
1 information 6 as
1 information 11 living
1 information 35 was
2 on 4 characteristics
3 baseline 4 characteristics
5 such 6 as
6 as 7 age
7 age 9 sex
8 , 9 sex
9 sex 10 ,
11 living 30 and
11 living 34 up
12 conditions 13 ,
13 , 16 base
13 , 30 and
14 cognitive 15 evaluation
15 evaluation 16 base
16 base 18 on
18 on 28 score
19 the 28 score
20 mini 26 mmse
20 mini 28 score
21 - 26 mmse
22 mental 23 state
23 state 24 examination
24 examination 26 mmse
25 ( 26 mmse
26 mmse 27 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 work
30 and 33 -
31 diagnostic 32 work
35 was 37 evaluated
36 also 37 evaluated

results : the majority of the ad patients were in the mild stage of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 patients
2 : 9 were
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 8 patients
5 of 8 patients
6 the 8 patients
7 ad 8 patients
8 patients 9 were
9 were 10 in
10 in 13 stage
11 the 13 stage
12 mild 13 stage
13 stage 14 of
14 of 16 disease
15 the 16 disease

overall , 4,342 ( 75.4 % ) patients received any chei , 438 ( 7.6 % ) used an nmda antagonist and 74 ( 1.3 % ) [patients] were treated with both . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 overall 3 4,342
1 overall 8 patients
2 , 3 4,342
3 4,342 6 %
3 4,342 7 )
4 ( 6 %
5 75.4 6 %
6 % 7 )
8 patients 9 received
9 received 11 chei
10 any 11 chei
12 , 13 438
12 , 18 used
12 , 22 and
13 438 16 %
13 438 18 used
14 ( 16 %
15 7.6 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 used 21 antagonist
19 an 21 antagonist
20 nmda 21 antagonist
22 and 23 74
22 and 30 treated
23 74 26 %
23 74 29 were
24 ( 26 %
25 1.3 26 %
26 % 27 )
29 were 30 treated
30 treated 31 with
31 with 32 both

however , 907 ( 15.7 % ) [patients] were not treated with any anti - dementia drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 907
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 907
3 907 6 %
3 907 9 were
4 ( 6 %
5 15.7 6 %
6 % 7 )
9 were 10 not
9 were 12 with
10 not 11 treated
12 with 17 drug
13 any 17 drug
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 drug
16 dementia 17 drug

while polypharmacy was seen in 33.5 % of patients , only 2.6 % concurrently used ≥3 psychotropic medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ≥3
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 while 2 polypharmacy
1 while 4 seen
1 while 10 ,
1 while 13 %
2 polypharmacy 3 was
3 was 4 seen
4 seen 5 in
5 in 7 %
6 33.5 7 %
7 % 8 of
8 of 9 patients
11 only 12 2.6
12 2.6 13 %
13 % 15 used
13 % 16 ≥3
14 concurrently 15 used
16 ≥3 18 medications
17 psychotropic 18 medications

patients on cheis were significantly younger , had a higher mmse score and were treated with a smaller number of medications ( a proxy for overall co - morbidity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 patients 2 on
1 patients 4 were
2 on 3 cheis
4 were 6 younger
5 significantly 6 younger
7 , 13 and
8 had 11 mmse
8 had 12 score
8 had 13 and
9 a 11 mmse
10 higher 11 mmse
13 and 14 were
14 were 15 treated
15 treated 16 with
16 with 21 medications
17 a 19 number
18 smaller 19 number
19 number 20 of
19 number 21 medications
20 of 21 medications
21 medications 24 proxy
22 ( 24 proxy
23 a 24 proxy
24 proxy 25 for
24 proxy 30 )
25 for 27 co
26 overall 27 co
27 co 29 morbidity
28 - 29 morbidity
29 morbidity 30 )

[co] - medication with antipsychotics [[] 3.3 vs [.] 7.6 % [;] adjusted odds ratio ( or ) [0.55] ( 95 % ci 0.38 - 0.79 [ )( and [anxiolytics] [[] [5.8] [vs] [.] 10.9 % [;] adjusted or 0.62 ( 95 % ci 0.46 - 0.84 ) ] was significantly lower in the chei+ group than in those with no anti - dementia treatment [.] 
2 - 3 medication
3 medication 4 with
3 medication 8 vs
3 medication 13 adjusted
4 with 5 antipsychotics
5 antipsychotics 7 3.3
8 vs 11 %
10 7.6 11 %
13 adjusted 15 ratio
14 odds 15 ratio
15 ratio 17 or
15 ratio 25 -
16 ( 17 or
17 or 18 )
20 ( 25 -
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 24 0.38
23 ci 25 -
25 - 29 and
26 0.79 29 and
29 and 35 10.9
35 10.9 36 %
36 % 39 or
38 adjusted 39 or
39 or 40 0.62
39 or 44 ci
39 or 50 was
41 ( 44 ci
42 95 44 ci
43 % 44 ci
44 ci 45 0.46
44 ci 47 0.84
44 ci 49 ]
46 - 47 0.84
47 0.84 48 )
50 was 51 significantly
50 was 52 lower
52 lower 53 in
52 lower 57 than
53 in 56 group
54 the 56 group
55 chei+ 56 group
57 than 58 in
58 in 59 those
59 those 60 with
60 with 65 treatment
61 no 65 treatment
62 anti 63 -
62 anti 65 treatment
64 dementia 65 treatment

conclusion : patients taking cheis were treated with less antipsychotics and anxiolytics than those not taking cheis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 7 treated
2 : 18 .
3 patients 4 taking
3 patients 6 were
4 taking 5 cheis
6 were 7 treated
7 treated 8 with
7 treated 13 than
8 with 9 less
8 with 11 and
10 antipsychotics 11 and
11 and 12 anxiolytics
13 than 14 those
14 those 15 not
15 not 16 taking
16 taking 17 cheis

more research is warranted to elucidate whether use of cheis in clinical practice can reduce the need for psychotropic drugs in ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 more 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 to
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 7 whether
6 elucidate 23 patients
7 whether 8 use
7 whether 15 reduce
8 use 9 of
8 use 14 can
9 of 10 cheis
10 cheis 11 in
11 in 13 practice
12 clinical 13 practice
14 can 15 reduce
15 reduce 17 need
15 reduce 21 in
16 the 17 need
17 need 18 for
18 for 20 drugs
19 psychotropic 20 drugs
21 in 22 ad

age - related bone loss is in [large] part the consequence of senescence mechanisms that impact bone cell number and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 age 6 is
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 loss
3 related 6 is
4 bone 5 loss
6 is 9 part
6 is 11 consequence
7 in 9 part
10 the 11 consequence
11 consequence 12 of
12 of 14 mechanisms
13 senescence 14 mechanisms
14 mechanisms 15 that
14 mechanisms 16 impact
15 that 16 impact
16 impact 20 and
17 bone 19 number
18 cell 19 number
19 number 20 and
20 and 21 function

in recent years , progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence that contributes to the alteration of skeletal integrity during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 progress
2 recent 3 years
5 progress 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 made
8 made 9 in
8 made 22 to
8 made 28 during
9 in 11 understanding
10 the 11 understanding
11 understanding 12 of
11 understanding 16 underlying
12 of 15 mechanisms
13 the 15 mechanisms
14 molecular 15 mechanisms
16 underlying 19 senescence
17 bone 19 senescence
18 cell 19 senescence
19 senescence 20 that
19 senescence 21 contributes
20 that 21 contributes
22 to 24 alteration
23 the 24 alteration
24 alteration 25 of
25 of 27 integrity
26 skeletal 27 integrity
28 during 29 aging

these mechanisms can be classified as intrinsic senescence processes , alterations in endogenous anabolic factors , and changes in local support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 17 and
5 classified 9 processes
5 classified 17 and
6 as 7 intrinsic
7 intrinsic 8 senescence
8 senescence 9 processes
9 processes 11 alterations
10 , 11 alterations
11 alterations 12 in
11 alterations 16 ,
12 in 15 factors
13 endogenous 15 factors
14 anabolic 15 factors
17 and 18 changes
18 changes 19 in
19 in 21 support
20 local 21 support

intrinsic senescence mechanisms cause cellular dysfunctions that are not tissue specific and include telomere shortening , accumulation of oxidative damage , impaired dna repair , and altered epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 intrinsic 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 26 and
4 cause 6 dysfunctions
4 cause 26 and
5 cellular 6 dysfunctions
6 dysfunctions 7 that
6 dysfunctions 8 are
7 that 8 are
8 are 9 not
8 are 15 shortening
10 tissue 14 telomere
11 specific 12 and
12 and 13 include
12 and 14 telomere
14 telomere 15 shortening
15 shortening 17 accumulation
16 , 17 accumulation
17 accumulation 18 of
17 accumulation 25 ,
18 of 20 damage
19 oxidative 20 damage
20 damage 24 repair
21 , 24 repair
22 impaired 24 repair
23 dna 24 repair
24 repair 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 altered
26 and 29 mechanisms
28 epigenetic 29 mechanisms
29 mechanisms 30 regulating
30 regulating 32 transcription
31 gene 32 transcription

aging mechanisms that are more relevant to the bone microenvironment include alterations in the expression and signaling of local growth factors and altered intercellular communications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 aging 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 that
2 mechanisms 4 are
2 mechanisms 11 include
3 that 4 are
4 are 6 relevant
5 more 6 relevant
6 relevant 7 to
7 to 10 microenvironment
8 the 10 microenvironment
9 bone 10 microenvironment
11 include 12 alterations
11 include 13 in
13 in 22 and
14 the 15 expression
15 expression 16 and
16 and 17 signaling
16 and 22 and
17 signaling 18 of
18 of 21 factors
19 local 20 growth
20 growth 21 factors
22 and 25 communications
23 altered 25 communications
24 intercellular 25 communications

this review provides an integrated overview of the current concepts and interacting mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence during aging and how they could be targeted to reduce the negative impact of senescence in the aging skeleton . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 provides
3 provides 6 overview
4 an 6 overview
5 integrated 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
7 of 10 concepts
8 the 10 concepts
9 current 10 concepts
11 and 13 mechanisms
11 and 27 reduce
12 interacting 13 mechanisms
13 mechanisms 14 underlying
13 mechanisms 27 reduce
14 underlying 17 senescence
14 underlying 18 during
15 bone 17 senescence
16 cell 17 senescence
18 during 20 and
19 aging 20 and
20 and 21 how
20 and 22 they
20 and 26 to
22 they 23 could
23 could 24 be
24 be 25 targeted
25 targeted 26 to
27 reduce 30 impact
27 reduce 33 in
28 the 30 impact
29 negative 30 impact
30 impact 31 of
31 of 32 senescence
33 in 36 skeleton
34 the 36 skeleton
35 aging 36 skeleton

modern medicine wields the power to treat large numbers of diseases and injuries most of us would have died from just a hundred years ago , yet many of the most devastating diseases of our time are still untreatable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 medicine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wields
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 modern 2 medicine
2 medicine 3 wields
3 wields 5 power
3 wields 6 to
4 the 5 power
6 to 7 treat
7 treat 11 diseases
8 large 9 numbers
9 numbers 10 of
9 numbers 11 diseases
10 of 11 diseases
12 and 13 injuries
12 and 37 are
13 injuries 14 most
13 injuries 18 have
13 injuries 19 died
14 most 15 of
14 most 17 would
15 of 16 us
17 would 18 have
19 died 20 from
19 died 25 ago
19 died 27 yet
20 from 23 hundred
21 just 23 hundred
22 a 23 hundred
24 years 25 ago
26 , 27 yet
27 yet 33 diseases
28 many 29 of
28 many 33 diseases
29 of 33 diseases
30 the 31 most
31 most 33 diseases
32 devastating 33 diseases
33 diseases 34 of
33 diseases 37 are
34 of 36 time
35 our 36 time
37 are 38 still
37 are 39 untreatable
38 still 39 untreatable

chronic conditions of age such as cardiovascular disease , diabetes , osteoarthritis or alzheimer 's disease turn out to be of a complexity that may require transformative ideas and paradigms to understand and treat them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 chronic 2 conditions
2 conditions 3 of
2 conditions 9 ,
3 of 4 age
4 age 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 8 disease
7 cardiovascular 8 disease
9 , 10 diabetes
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 osteoarthritis
11 , 13 or
13 or 17 turn
13 or 18 out
13 or 21 of
13 or 24 that
13 or 25 may
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 17 turn
16 disease 17 turn
18 out 19 to
18 out 20 be
19 to 20 be
21 of 23 complexity
22 a 23 complexity
24 that 25 may
25 may 26 require
26 require 29 and
26 require 31 to
26 require 33 and
27 transformative 28 ideas
28 ideas 29 and
29 and 30 paradigms
31 to 33 and
32 understand 33 and
33 and 34 treat
34 treat 35 them

parabiosis , which is characterised by a shared blood supply between two surgically connected animals , may just provide such a transformative experimental paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 parabiosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 parabiosis 3 which
1 parabiosis 17 may
2 , 3 which
3 which 4 is
3 which 16 ,
4 is 5 characterised
5 characterised 6 by
5 characterised 11 between
6 by 10 supply
7 a 10 supply
8 shared 9 blood
9 blood 10 supply
11 between 15 animals
12 two 15 animals
13 surgically 14 connected
14 connected 15 animals
17 may 19 provide
18 just 19 provide
19 provide 24 paradigm
20 such 21 a
21 a 22 transformative
21 a 24 paradigm
22 transformative 24 paradigm
23 experimental 24 paradigm

[although] [forgotten] and shunned now in many countries , it has contributed to major breakthroughs in tumour biology , endocrinology and transplantation research in the past century . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 major
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
3 and 10 it
3 and 12 contributed
4 shunned 5 now
4 shunned 6 in
4 shunned 9 ,
4 shunned 10 it
6 in 8 countries
7 many 8 countries
10 it 11 has
11 has 12 contributed
12 contributed 13 to
13 to 14 major
14 major 15 breakthroughs
14 major 16 in
14 major 24 in
16 in 21 and
17 tumour 18 biology
18 biology 19 ,
19 , 20 endocrinology
19 , 21 and
21 and 23 research
22 transplantation 23 research
24 in 27 century
25 the 26 past
25 the 27 century

interestingly , recent studies from the united states and britain are reporting stunning advances in stem cell biology and tissue regeneration using parabiosis between young and old mice , indicating a possible revival of this paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 9 and
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 from
4 studies 9 and
5 from 8 states
6 the 8 states
7 united 8 states
9 and 10 britain
9 and 11 are
11 are 12 reporting
12 reporting 14 advances
12 reporting 15 in
12 reporting 22 using
12 reporting 24 between
13 stunning 14 advances
15 in 19 and
16 stem 17 cell
17 cell 18 biology
18 biology 19 and
19 and 21 regeneration
20 tissue 21 regeneration
22 using 23 parabiosis
24 between 26 and
25 young 26 and
26 and 28 mice
26 and 29 ,
26 and 30 indicating
26 and 34 of
27 old 28 mice
30 indicating 33 revival
31 a 33 revival
32 possible 33 revival
34 of 36 paradigm
35 this 36 paradigm

we review here briefly the history of parabiosis and discuss its utility to study physiological and pathophysiological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 9 and
2 review 3 here
2 review 4 briefly
2 review 6 history
2 review 9 and
5 the 6 history
6 history 7 of
7 of 8 parabiosis
9 and 10 discuss
10 discuss 12 utility
10 discuss 13 to
11 its 12 utility
13 to 14 study
14 study 18 processes
15 physiological 16 and
16 and 17 pathophysiological
16 and 18 processes

we argue that [parabiosis] is a technique that should enjoy wider acceptance and application , and that policies should be revisited to allow its use in biomedical research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 argue
2 argue 3 that
2 argue 5 is
3 that 5 is
5 is 7 technique
6 a 7 technique
7 technique 8 that
7 technique 10 enjoy
8 that 9 should
9 should 10 enjoy
10 enjoy 12 acceptance
11 wider 12 acceptance
13 and 16 and
13 and 23 allow
14 application 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 that
16 and 18 policies
16 and 22 to
16 and 23 allow
18 policies 19 should
19 should 20 be
20 be 21 revisited
21 revisited 22 to
23 allow 25 use
23 allow 26 in
24 its 25 use
26 in 28 research
27 biomedical 28 research

ageing is a stochastic process associated with a progressive decline in physiological functions which predispose to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 5 process
3 a 4 stochastic
3 a 5 process
4 stochastic 5 process
5 process 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 11 in
7 with 10 decline
8 a 9 progressive
8 a 10 decline
9 progressive 10 decline
11 in 13 functions
12 physiological 13 functions
13 functions 14 which
13 functions 15 predispose
14 which 15 predispose
15 predispose 16 to
15 predispose 22 diseases
16 to 18 pathogenesis
17 the 18 pathogenesis
18 pathogenesis 19 of
19 of 20 several
21 neurodegenerative 22 diseases

the intrinsic complexity of ageing remains a significant challenge to understand the cause of this natural phenomenon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 complexity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 complexity
2 intrinsic 3 complexity
3 complexity 4 of
3 complexity 6 remains
4 of 5 ageing
6 remains 9 challenge
6 remains 10 to
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 challenge
8 significant 9 challenge
10 to 11 understand
11 understand 13 cause
12 the 13 cause
13 cause 14 of
14 of 17 phenomenon
15 this 17 phenomenon
16 natural 17 phenomenon

at the molecular level , ageing is thought to be characterized by the accumulation of chronic oxidative damage to lipids , proteins and nucleic acids caused by free radicals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 at 4 level
1 at 5 ,
1 at 6 ageing
2 the 4 level
3 molecular 4 level
6 ageing 7 is
7 is 8 thought
8 thought 9 to
8 thought 12 by
8 thought 27 by
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 characterized
12 by 14 accumulation
13 the 14 accumulation
14 accumulation 15 of
14 accumulation 26 caused
15 of 18 damage
16 chronic 18 damage
17 oxidative 18 damage
18 damage 19 to
19 to 23 and
20 lipids 21 ,
21 , 22 proteins
21 , 23 and
23 and 25 acids
24 nucleic 25 acids
27 by 29 radicals
28 free 29 radicals

increased oxidative stress and misfolded protein formations , combined with impaired compensatory mechanisms , may promote neurodegenerative disorders with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 increased 3 stress
1 increased 4 and
2 oxidative 3 stress
4 and 16 promote
5 misfolded 6 protein
6 protein 7 formations
7 formations 9 combined
7 formations 15 may
8 , 9 combined
9 combined 10 with
9 combined 14 ,
10 with 13 mechanisms
11 impaired 13 mechanisms
12 compensatory 13 mechanisms
15 may 16 promote
16 promote 18 disorders
16 promote 19 with
17 neurodegenerative 18 disorders
19 with 20 age

nutritional modulation through calorie restriction has been shown to be effective as an anti - ageing factor , promoting longevity and protecting against neurodegenerative pathology in yeast , nematodes and murine models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 restriction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 nutritional 5 restriction
2 modulation 5 restriction
3 through 4 calorie
4 calorie 5 restriction
5 restriction 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
8 shown 23 against
8 shown 26 in
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 effective
11 effective 12 as
12 as 21 and
13 an 17 factor
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 16 ageing
16 ageing 17 factor
17 factor 18 ,
18 , 20 longevity
18 , 21 and
19 promoting 20 longevity
21 and 22 protecting
23 against 25 pathology
24 neurodegenerative 25 pathology
26 in 30 and
27 yeast 28 ,
28 , 29 nematodes
28 , 30 and
30 and 32 models
31 murine 32 models

calorie restriction increases the intracellular levels of the essential pyridine nucleotide , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad [(] [+] ) ) , a co - substrate for the sirtuin 1 ( sirt1 , [silent] mating - type information regulator 2 homolog 1 ) [activity] and a cofactor for oxidative phosphorylation and atp synthesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 restriction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 calorie 2 restriction
2 restriction 3 increases
3 increases 6 levels
4 the 6 levels
5 intracellular 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 11 nucleotide
8 the 11 nucleotide
9 essential 10 pyridine
10 pyridine 11 nucleotide
11 nucleotide 15 dinucleotide
12 , 15 dinucleotide
13 nicotinamide 14 adenine
14 adenine 15 dinucleotide
15 dinucleotide 17 nad
15 dinucleotide 21 )
16 ( 17 nad
17 nad 20 )
22 , 45 and
23 a 24 co
23 a 26 substrate
24 co 25 -
24 co 26 substrate
26 substrate 27 for
26 substrate 45 and
27 for 29 sirtuin
28 the 29 sirtuin
29 sirtuin 35 mating
29 sirtuin 41 homolog
30 1 32 sirt1
30 1 35 mating
31 ( 32 sirt1
32 sirt1 33 ,
36 - 41 homolog
37 type 41 homolog
38 information 39 regulator
39 regulator 41 homolog
40 2 41 homolog
41 homolog 42 1
41 homolog 43 )
45 and 47 cofactor
45 and 48 for
46 a 47 cofactor
48 for 51 and
49 oxidative 50 phosphorylation
50 phosphorylation 51 and
51 and 53 synthesis
52 atp 53 synthesis

promotion of intracellular nad [(] [+] [ )(anabolism is speculated to induce neuroprotective effects against amyloid - β - peptide [(] aβ ) toxicity in some models for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 promotion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 speculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 promotion 2 of
1 promotion 8 )(anabolism
1 promotion 9 is
1 promotion 10 speculated
2 of 4 nad
3 intracellular 4 nad
8 )(anabolism 9 is
10 speculated 11 to
10 speculated 15 against
10 speculated 25 in
11 to 12 induce
12 induce 14 effects
13 neuroprotective 14 effects
15 against 24 toxicity
16 amyloid 18 β
16 amyloid 24 toxicity
17 - 18 β
18 β 22 aβ
18 β 23 )
19 - 22 aβ
20 peptide 22 aβ
22 aβ 23 )
25 in 27 models
26 some 27 models
27 models 28 for
28 for 31 disease
29 alzheimer 30 's
30 's 31 disease
31 disease 33 ad
32 ( 33 ad
33 ad 34 )

the nad [(] [+] [ )(- dependent histone deacetylase , sirt1 , has been implicated in the ageing process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 nad
2 nad 9 deacetylase
2 nad 11 sirt1
2 nad 13 has
6 )(- 9 deacetylase
7 dependent 9 deacetylase
8 histone 9 deacetylase
9 deacetylase 10 ,
10 , 11 sirt1
11 sirt1 12 ,
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 implicated
15 implicated 16 in
16 in 19 process
17 the 19 process
18 ageing 19 process

sirt1 serves as a deacetylase for numerous proteins involved in several cellular pathways , including stress response and apoptosis , and plays a protective role in neurodegenerative disorders , such as ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
1 sirt1 21 and
2 serves 3 as
2 serves 10 in
2 serves 21 and
3 as 5 deacetylase
4 a 5 deacetylase
5 deacetylase 6 for
6 for 8 proteins
7 numerous 8 proteins
8 proteins 9 involved
10 in 18 and
11 several 13 pathways
12 cellular 13 pathways
13 pathways 14 ,
14 , 17 response
14 , 18 and
15 including 16 stress
16 stress 17 response
18 and 19 apoptosis
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 plays
21 and 26 in
22 plays 25 role
23 a 24 protective
23 a 25 role
24 protective 25 role
26 in 28 disorders
27 neurodegenerative 28 disorders
28 disorders 31 as
29 , 31 as
30 such 31 as
31 as 32 ad
31 as 33 .

importance : single measures of blood pressure ( bp ) levels are associated with the development of atherosclerosis ; however , long - term patterns in bp and their effect on cardiovascular disease risk are poorly characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 measures
2 : 13 associated
2 : 19 ;
3 single 4 measures
4 measures 5 of
4 measures 12 are
5 of 6 blood
6 blood 7 pressure
6 blood 11 levels
7 pressure 9 bp
7 pressure 11 levels
8 ( 9 bp
9 bp 10 )
12 are 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 18 atherosclerosis
19 ; 25 patterns
19 ; 35 are
20 however 21 ,
20 however 25 patterns
22 long 23 -
22 long 25 patterns
24 term 25 patterns
25 patterns 26 in
25 patterns 35 are
26 in 28 and
27 bp 28 and
28 and 30 effect
29 their 30 effect
30 effect 31 on
31 on 34 risk
32 cardiovascular 33 disease
33 disease 34 risk
35 are 36 poorly
35 are 37 characterized

objectives : to identify common bp trajectories throughout early adulthood and to determine their association with presence of coronary artery calcification ( cac ) during middle age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 11 and
3 to 11 and
4 identify 7 trajectories
4 identify 8 throughout
4 identify 11 and
5 common 7 trajectories
6 bp 7 trajectories
8 throughout 10 adulthood
9 early 10 adulthood
11 and 12 to
11 and 13 determine
11 and 25 during
12 to 13 determine
13 determine 15 association
13 determine 16 with
14 their 15 association
16 with 17 presence
17 presence 18 of
18 of 21 calcification
19 coronary 21 calcification
20 artery 21 calcification
21 calcification 23 cac
22 ( 23 cac
23 cac 24 )
25 during 27 age
26 middle 27 age

design , setting , and participants : prospective cohort data from 4681 participants in the cardia study , who were black and white men and women aged 18 to 30 years at baseline in 1985 - 1986 at 4 urban us sites , collected through 25 years of follow - up ( 2010 - 2011 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 design 6 participants
2 , 3 setting
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 6 participants
5 and 6 participants
6 participants 7 :
7 : 10 data
8 prospective 10 data
9 cohort 10 data
10 data 11 from
11 from 13 participants
12 4681 13 participants
13 participants 14 in
14 in 17 study
15 the 17 study
16 cardia 17 study
18 , 19 who
18 , 20 were
19 who 20 were
20 were 22 and
20 were 25 and
20 were 51 up
20 were 54 -
21 black 22 and
22 and 23 white
24 men 25 and
25 and 26 women
25 and 50 -
26 women 27 aged
27 aged 29 to
28 18 29 to
29 to 30 30
30 30 31 years
31 years 32 at
31 years 49 follow
32 at 33 baseline
33 baseline 34 in
33 baseline 37 1986
33 baseline 48 of
34 in 35 1985
36 - 37 1986
37 1986 38 at
37 1986 43 ,
38 at 41 us
39 4 41 us
40 urban 41 us
42 sites 43 ,
43 , 44 collected
43 , 45 through
43 , 47 years
45 through 46 25
47 years 48 of
52 ( 54 -
53 2010 54 -
54 - 55 2011
54 - 56 )

we examined systolic bp , diastolic bp , and mid - bp ( calculated as [[] sbp+dbp ]/2 , an important marker of coronary heart disease risk among younger populations ) at baseline and years 2 , 5 , 7 , 10 , 15 , 20 , [and] 25 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 bp
2 examined 32 at
3 systolic 4 bp
4 bp 9 and
5 , 9 and
6 diastolic 7 bp
7 bp 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 mid
9 and 12 bp
9 and 22 marker
9 and 31 )
11 - 12 bp
12 bp 14 calculated
12 bp 19 ,
13 ( 14 calculated
14 calculated 15 as
14 calculated 19 ,
15 as 18 ]/2
17 sbp+dbp 18 ]/2
19 , 22 marker
20 an 21 important
20 an 22 marker
21 important 22 marker
22 marker 23 of
22 marker 31 )
23 of 27 risk
24 coronary 25 heart
25 heart 26 disease
26 disease 27 risk
27 risk 28 among
28 among 30 populations
29 younger 30 populations
32 at 34 and
33 baseline 34 and
34 and 35 years
35 years 36 2
37 , 38 5
37 , 39 ,
39 , 40 7
39 , 41 ,
41 , 42 10
41 , 43 ,
43 , 44 15
43 , 45 ,
45 , 46 20
45 , 47 ,
47 , 49 25

latent mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories in systolic , diastolic , and mid - bp over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 latent 3 modeling
2 mixture 3 modeling
3 modeling 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 8 trajectories
7 identify 9 in
7 identify 18 over
9 in 14 and
10 systolic 11 ,
11 , 12 diastolic
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 bp
15 mid 16 -
15 mid 17 bp
18 over 19 time

main outcomes and measures : coronary artery calcification greater than or equal to agatston score of 100 hounsfield units ( hu ) at [year] 25 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 main 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 3 and
3 and 4 measures
4 measures 5 :
5 : 6 coronary
5 : 23 at
6 coronary 11 or
6 coronary 15 score
6 coronary 16 of
7 artery 8 calcification
8 calcification 9 greater
8 calcification 11 or
9 greater 10 than
11 or 12 equal
11 or 13 to
11 or 15 score
13 to 14 agatston
16 of 19 units
17 100 19 units
18 hounsfield 19 units
19 units 21 hu
20 ( 21 hu
21 hu 22 )
23 at 25 25

compared with the low - stable group , trajectories with elevated bp levels had greater odds of having a cac score of 100 hu or greater . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 trajectories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 8 ,
1 compared 9 trajectories
2 with 7 group
3 the 7 group
4 low 5 -
4 low 7 group
6 stable 7 group
9 trajectories 10 with
9 trajectories 14 had
10 with 13 levels
11 elevated 13 levels
12 bp 13 levels
14 had 16 odds
15 greater 16 odds
16 odds 17 of
17 of 18 having
18 having 21 score
18 having 25 or
19 a 21 score
20 cac 21 score
21 score 22 of
22 of 23 100
24 hu 25 or
25 or 26 greater

adjusted odds ratios were 1.44 ( 95 % ci , 0.83 - 2.49 ) for moderate - stable , 1.86 ( 95 % ci , 0.91 - 3.82 [ )(for moderate - increasing , 2.28 ( 95 % ci , 1.24 - 4.18 [ )(, for elevated [-] stable , [and] [3.70] ( 95 % ci , 1.66 - 8.20 ) [for] elevated - increasing groups . 
1 adjusted 2 odds
2 odds 3 ratios
3 ratios 4 were
4 were 5 1.44
4 were 15 for
5 1.44 9 ci
5 1.44 12 -
6 ( 9 ci
7 95 9 ci
8 % 9 ci
9 ci 10 ,
10 , 12 -
11 0.83 12 -
12 - 13 2.49
12 - 14 )
15 for 18 stable
16 moderate 17 -
16 moderate 18 stable
18 stable 20 1.86
18 stable 27 -
19 , 20 1.86
20 1.86 24 ci
20 1.86 25 ,
21 ( 24 ci
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 ,
25 , 27 -
26 0.91 27 -
27 - 28 3.82
28 3.82 30 )(for
30 )(for 33 increasing
31 moderate 32 -
31 moderate 33 increasing
33 increasing 35 2.28
33 increasing 42 -
34 , 35 2.28
35 2.28 39 ci
35 2.28 40 ,
36 ( 39 ci
37 95 39 ci
38 % 39 ci
39 ci 40 ,
40 , 42 -
41 1.24 42 -
42 - 43 4.18
43 4.18 46 for
43 4.18 55 %
45 )(, 46 for
46 for 49 stable
46 for 50 ,
47 elevated 49 stable
53 ( 55 %
54 95 55 %
55 % 56 ci
55 % 63 elevated
55 % 65 increasing
55 % 67 .
56 ci 59 -
56 ci 63 elevated
57 , 59 -
58 1.66 59 -
59 - 60 8.20
59 - 61 )
64 - 65 increasing
65 increasing 66 groups
65 increasing 67 .

[the] adjusted prevalence of a cac score of 100 hu or higher was 5.8 % in the low - stable group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 adjusted 11 or
2 adjusted 13 was
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 11 or
4 of 7 score
5 a 7 score
6 cac 7 score
7 score 8 of
8 of 10 hu
9 100 10 hu
11 or 12 higher
13 was 15 %
14 5.8 15 %
15 % 16 in
16 in 21 group
17 the 21 group
18 low 19 -
18 low 21 group
20 stable 21 group

these odds ratios represent an absolute increase of 2.7 % , 5 % , 6.3 % , and 12.9 % for the prevalence of a cac score of 100 hu or higher for the moderate - stable , moderate - increasing , elevated - stable [and] elevated - increasing groups , respectively , compared with the low - stable group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 represent
1 these 3 ratios
2 odds 3 ratios
3 ratios 4 represent
4 represent 7 increase
5 an 6 absolute
5 an 7 increase
6 absolute 7 increase
7 increase 8 of
8 of 20 %
9 2.7 10 %
9 2.7 18 and
10 % 13 %
11 , 13 %
12 5 13 %
13 % 16 %
13 % 17 ,
14 , 16 %
15 6.3 16 %
16 % 17 ,
18 and 19 12.9
18 and 20 %
20 % 21 for
20 % 24 of
20 % 28 of
21 for 23 prevalence
22 the 23 prevalence
24 of 27 score
25 a 27 score
26 cac 27 score
28 of 29 100
29 100 31 or
29 100 41 increasing
30 hu 31 or
31 or 32 higher
31 or 33 for
33 for 37 stable
34 the 37 stable
35 moderate 36 -
35 moderate 37 stable
37 stable 39 moderate
38 , 39 moderate
39 moderate 40 -
41 increasing 43 elevated
41 increasing 45 stable
41 increasing 49 increasing
42 , 43 elevated
43 elevated 44 -
45 stable 47 elevated
48 - 49 increasing
49 increasing 50 groups
49 increasing 61 .
50 groups 54 compared
50 groups 55 with
51 , 52 respectively
52 respectively 53 ,
52 respectively 54 compared
55 with 60 group
56 the 60 group
57 low 58 -
57 low 60 group
59 stable 60 group

associations were not altered after adjustment for baseline and year 25 bp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 associations 2 were
2 were 3 not
2 were 5 after
3 not 4 altered
5 after 6 adjustment
6 adjustment 7 for
7 for 9 and
8 baseline 9 and
9 and 12 bp
10 year 11 25
10 year 12 bp

findings were similar for trajectories of isolated systolic bp trajectories but were attenuated for diastolic bp trajectories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 findings 11 but
2 were 3 similar
2 were 11 but
3 similar 4 for
4 for 5 trajectories
5 trajectories 6 of
6 of 10 trajectories
7 isolated 10 trajectories
8 systolic 10 trajectories
9 bp 10 trajectories
11 but 12 were
12 were 13 attenuated
13 attenuated 14 for
14 for 17 trajectories
15 diastolic 17 trajectories
16 bp 17 trajectories

conclusions and relevance : blood pressure trajectories throughout young adulthood vary , and higher bp trajectories were associated with an increased risk of cac in middle age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusions 3 relevance
1 conclusions 5 blood
1 conclusions 11 vary
2 and 3 relevance
3 relevance 4 :
4 : 5 blood
5 blood 7 trajectories
5 blood 8 throughout
6 pressure 7 trajectories
8 throughout 10 adulthood
9 young 10 adulthood
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 trajectories
13 and 18 associated
14 higher 16 trajectories
15 bp 16 trajectories
16 trajectories 17 were
17 were 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 25 in
19 with 22 risk
20 an 22 risk
21 increased 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 24 cac
25 in 27 age
26 middle 27 age

long - term trajectories in bp may assist in more accurate identification of individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 trajectories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
3 term 4 trajectories
4 trajectories 5 in
4 trajectories 7 may
5 in 6 bp
7 may 8 assist
8 assist 9 in
8 assist 15 with
9 in 12 identification
10 more 11 accurate
11 accurate 12 identification
12 identification 13 of
13 of 14 individuals
15 with 17 atherosclerosis
16 subclinical 17 atherosclerosis

recent advances [are] uncovering more and more of the genetic architecture underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , a fatal neurodegenerative condition that affects ~6,000 americans annually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
1 recent 2 advances
2 advances 4 uncovering
2 advances 6 and
4 uncovering 5 more
6 and 11 architecture
6 and 12 underlying
7 more 8 of
7 more 11 architecture
8 of 11 architecture
9 the 11 architecture
10 genetic 11 architecture
12 underlying 15 sclerosis
13 amyotrophic 15 sclerosis
14 lateral 15 sclerosis
15 sclerosis 17 als
15 sclerosis 23 condition
16 ( 17 als
17 als 18 )
19 , 23 condition
20 a 21 fatal
20 a 23 condition
21 fatal 23 condition
22 neurodegenerative 23 condition
23 condition 24 that
23 condition 25 affects
23 condition 29 .
24 that 25 affects
25 affects 27 americans
25 affects 28 annually
26 ~6,000 27 americans

chief among these was the discovery that a large repeat expansion in the c9orf72 gene is responsible for an unprecedented portion of familial and sporadic als cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chief
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 chief 2 among
1 chief 4 was
2 among 3 these
4 was 6 discovery
5 the 6 discovery
6 discovery 7 that
7 that 11 expansion
7 that 16 is
8 a 11 expansion
9 large 10 repeat
10 repeat 11 expansion
11 expansion 12 in
11 expansion 16 is
12 in 15 gene
13 the 15 gene
14 c9orf72 15 gene
16 is 17 responsible
17 responsible 18 for
18 for 21 portion
19 an 21 portion
20 unprecedented 21 portion
21 portion 22 of
22 of 27 cases
23 familial 24 and
24 and 25 sporadic
24 and 27 cases
26 als 27 cases

much has been published on how this expansion disrupts neuronal homeostasis and how gene [-] based therapy might be an effective treatment in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 much
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 much 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 published
4 published 5 on
4 published 23 in
5 on 6 how
6 how 8 expansion
6 how 19 be
7 this 8 expansion
8 expansion 9 disrupts
9 disrupts 12 and
10 neuronal 11 homeostasis
11 homeostasis 12 and
12 and 13 how
12 and 17 therapy
12 and 19 be
14 gene 16 based
16 based 17 therapy
17 therapy 18 might
18 might 19 be
19 be 22 treatment
20 an 21 effective
20 an 22 treatment
21 effective 22 treatment
23 in 25 future
24 the 25 future

nevertheless , it is instructive to look back at the origins of this important mutation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 instructive
5 instructive 6 to
6 to 7 look
7 look 8 back
8 back 9 at
9 at 11 origins
10 the 11 origins
11 origins 12 of
12 of 15 mutation
13 this 14 important
14 important 15 mutation

in this opinion piece , we attempt to answer three key questions concerning c9orf72 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 attempt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 4 piece
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 this 4 piece
3 opinion 4 piece
6 we 7 attempt
7 attempt 8 to
7 attempt 9 answer
8 to 9 answer
9 answer 12 questions
10 three 12 questions
11 key 12 questions
12 questions 13 concerning
13 concerning 14 c9orf72

[first] [,] how many times did the expansion occur throughout human history ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ?
3 how 4 many
4 many 5 times
5 times 6 did
6 did 8 expansion
6 did 9 occur
7 the 8 expansion
9 occur 10 throughout
10 throughout 12 history
11 human 12 history

[second] [,] how old is the expansion ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ?
3 how 4 old
4 old 5 is
5 is 7 expansion
6 the 7 expansion

and finally [and] perhaps most importantly [,] [how] did the expansion spread throughout europe ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ?
1 and 2 finally
1 and 5 most
1 and 9 did
4 perhaps 5 most
5 most 9 did
6 importantly 9 did
9 did 11 expansion
10 the 11 expansion
11 expansion 12 spread
12 spread 13 throughout
13 throughout 14 europe

we speculate that the expansion occurred only once in the past , that [this] event took place in the finnish population and that the vikings and their descendants were responsible for disseminating this mutation throughout the rest of the continent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 disseminating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 2 speculate
2 speculate 3 that
3 that 5 expansion
3 that 6 occurred
4 the 5 expansion
5 expansion 6 occurred
6 occurred 7 only
6 occurred 8 once
8 once 9 in
9 in 11 past
10 the 11 past
12 , 15 event
12 , 17 place
13 that 15 event
15 event 17 place
16 took 17 place
17 place 18 in
18 in 22 and
19 the 21 population
20 finnish 21 population
21 population 22 and
22 and 23 that
22 and 26 and
22 and 32 disseminating
24 the 25 vikings
25 vikings 26 and
26 and 28 descendants
26 and 29 were
27 their 28 descendants
29 were 30 responsible
30 responsible 31 for
31 for 32 disseminating
32 disseminating 34 mutation
32 disseminating 35 throughout
32 disseminating 37 rest
33 this 34 mutation
36 the 37 rest
37 rest 38 of
38 of 40 continent
39 the 40 continent

introduction : the objectives of this study were to study the age - specific activation patterns of cerebral areas during motor execution ( me ) and motor imaging ( mi ) of the upper extremities and to discuss the age - related neural mechanisms associated with me or mi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 4 objectives
2 : 8 were
2 : 13 -
3 the 4 objectives
4 objectives 5 of
4 objectives 8 were
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 were 9 to
9 to 10 study
10 study 12 age
11 the 12 age
13 - 16 patterns
13 - 36 and
14 specific 16 patterns
15 activation 16 patterns
16 patterns 17 of
16 patterns 32 of
17 of 26 and
18 cerebral 19 areas
19 areas 20 during
19 areas 26 and
20 during 22 execution
21 motor 22 execution
22 execution 24 me
23 ( 24 me
24 me 25 )
26 and 28 imaging
26 and 30 mi
27 motor 28 imaging
29 ( 30 mi
30 mi 31 )
32 of 35 extremities
33 the 35 extremities
34 upper 35 extremities
36 and 44 mechanisms
36 and 45 associated
37 to 38 discuss
37 to 41 -
37 to 44 mechanisms
38 discuss 40 age
39 the 40 age
42 related 44 mechanisms
43 neural 44 mechanisms
44 mechanisms 45 associated
45 associated 46 with
46 with 48 or
47 me 48 or
48 or 49 mi

results : no major differences were identified regarding the activated brain areas during me or mi between the two groups ; however , a minor difference was noted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 major
2 : 13 during
2 : 17 between
3 no 4 major
4 major 5 differences
4 major 6 were
4 major 7 identified
4 major 8 regarding
5 differences 6 were
8 regarding 12 areas
9 the 12 areas
10 activated 11 brain
11 brain 12 areas
13 during 15 or
14 me 15 or
15 or 16 mi
17 between 20 groups
18 the 19 two
19 two 20 groups
21 ; 26 difference
21 ; 27 was
22 however 23 ,
22 however 26 difference
24 a 26 difference
25 minor 26 difference
26 difference 27 was
27 was 28 noted

the intensity of the activated brain area during me was stronger in the older group than in the younger group , while the results with mi were the opposite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intensity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
1 the 2 intensity
2 intensity 3 of
2 intensity 10 was
3 of 7 area
4 the 7 area
5 activated 6 brain
6 brain 7 area
7 area 8 during
8 during 9 me
10 was 11 stronger
11 stronger 12 in
11 stronger 16 than
11 stronger 22 while
12 in 15 group
13 the 15 group
14 older 15 group
16 than 17 in
17 in 20 group
18 the 20 group
19 younger 20 group
21 , 22 while
22 while 24 results
22 while 27 were
22 while 30 .
23 the 24 results
24 results 25 with
24 results 27 were
25 with 26 mi
27 were 29 opposite
28 the 29 opposite

the posterior central gyrus and supplementary motor area during mi were more active in the younger group than in the older group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 4 gyrus
2 posterior 4 gyrus
3 central 4 gyrus
4 gyrus 5 and
5 and 8 area
5 and 9 during
5 and 11 were
6 supplementary 7 motor
7 motor 8 area
9 during 10 mi
11 were 12 more
11 were 13 active
13 active 14 in
13 active 18 than
14 in 17 group
15 the 17 group
16 younger 17 group
18 than 19 in
19 in 22 group
20 the 22 group
21 older 22 group

the putamen , lingual , and so on demonstrated stronger activation during dominant hand mi in the older group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 putamen
2 putamen 3 ,
3 , 4 lingual
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 on
6 and 9 demonstrated
7 so 8 on
9 demonstrated 11 activation
9 demonstrated 12 during
9 demonstrated 16 in
10 stronger 11 activation
12 during 15 mi
13 dominant 14 hand
14 hand 15 mi
16 in 19 group
17 the 19 group
18 older 19 group

conclusion : the results of this study revealed that the brain structure was altered and that neuronal activity was attenuated with age , and the cerebral cortex and subcortical tissues were found to be over - activated to achieve the same level of me and mi , indicating that the activating effects of the left hemisphere enhanced with age , whereas the inhibitory effects declined during me , and activation of the right hemisphere became more difficult during mi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 80 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
7 study 8 revealed
7 study 9 that
7 study 14 altered
9 that 11 brain
9 that 14 altered
10 the 11 brain
11 brain 12 structure
11 brain 13 was
11 brain 14 altered
12 structure 13 was
15 and 18 activity
15 and 20 attenuated
16 that 18 activity
17 neuronal 18 activity
18 activity 19 was
19 was 20 attenuated
20 attenuated 21 with
21 with 28 and
21 with 32 found
22 age 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 cortex
24 and 28 and
25 the 27 cortex
26 cerebral 27 cortex
28 and 29 subcortical
28 and 30 tissues
28 and 31 were
30 tissues 31 were
32 found 33 to
32 found 37 activated
32 found 61 whereas
33 to 34 be
34 be 35 over
36 - 37 activated
37 activated 38 to
37 activated 58 with
37 activated 60 ,
38 to 39 achieve
39 achieve 42 level
40 the 41 same
41 same 42 level
42 level 43 of
42 level 48 indicating
42 level 57 enhanced
43 of 45 and
44 me 45 and
45 and 46 mi
45 and 47 ,
48 indicating 49 that
49 that 52 effects
49 that 57 enhanced
50 the 52 effects
51 activating 52 effects
52 effects 53 of
52 effects 57 enhanced
53 of 56 hemisphere
54 the 56 hemisphere
55 left 56 hemisphere
58 with 59 age
61 whereas 69 and
61 whereas 75 became
62 the 64 effects
63 inhibitory 64 effects
64 effects 65 declined
64 effects 66 during
64 effects 69 and
66 during 67 me
68 , 69 and
69 and 70 activation
69 and 71 of
69 and 75 became
71 of 74 hemisphere
72 the 74 hemisphere
73 right 74 hemisphere
75 became 77 difficult
76 more 77 difficult
77 difficult 78 during
78 during 79 mi

a groundbreaking publication by sinclair and coworkers has illuminated the pseudo - hypoxic state in aging and its reversibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 publication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 illuminated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 3 publication
2 groundbreaking 3 publication
3 publication 4 by
3 publication 8 has
4 by 6 and
5 sinclair 6 and
6 and 7 coworkers
8 has 9 illuminated
9 illuminated 17 and
10 the 14 state
11 pseudo 12 -
11 pseudo 14 state
13 hypoxic 14 state
14 state 15 in
14 state 17 and
15 in 16 aging
17 and 19 reversibility
18 its 19 reversibility

remarkably , these data also fit the mtor - centered model of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 fit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 6 fit
5 also 6 fit
6 fit 11 model
7 the 11 model
8 mtor 9 -
8 mtor 11 model
10 centered 11 model
11 model 12 of
12 of 13 aging

here we discuss [that] the mtor pathway can cause cellular pseudo - hypoxic state , manifested by hif - 1 expression and lactate production under normoxia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 15 ,
3 discuss 14 state
3 discuss 15 ,
5 the 14 state
6 mtor 14 state
7 pathway 14 state
8 can 14 state
9 cause 14 state
10 cellular 14 state
11 pseudo 12 -
11 pseudo 14 state
13 hypoxic 14 state
15 , 22 and
15 , 25 under
16 manifested 17 by
16 manifested 21 expression
16 manifested 22 and
17 by 18 hif
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 expression
22 and 23 lactate
23 lactate 24 production
25 under 26 normoxia

we found that rapamycin decreased hif - 1 and lactate levels in proliferating and senescent cells in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 9 and
2 found 6 hif
2 found 8 1
2 found 9 and
3 that 6 hif
4 rapamycin 5 decreased
5 decreased 6 hif
7 - 8 1
9 and 10 lactate
10 lactate 14 and
10 lactate 18 vitro
11 levels 12 in
11 levels 14 and
12 in 13 proliferating
14 and 16 cells
15 senescent 16 cells
17 in 18 vitro

this reduction was independent from mitochondrial respiration : rapamycin decreased [lactate] production in normoxia , hypoxia , and in the presence of the oxphos inhibitor oligomycin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 this 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 was
3 was 4 independent
4 independent 5 from
5 from 7 respiration
6 mitochondrial 7 respiration
8 : 9 rapamycin
8 : 10 decreased
8 : 27 .
9 rapamycin 10 decreased
10 decreased 12 production
12 production 18 and
13 in 16 hypoxia
13 in 18 and
14 normoxia 15 ,
14 normoxia 16 hypoxia
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 in
19 in 21 presence
20 the 21 presence
21 presence 22 of
22 of 26 oligomycin
23 the 26 oligomycin
24 oxphos 26 oligomycin
25 inhibitor 26 oligomycin

we suggest that pseudo - hypoxic state is not necessarily caused by mitochondrial dysfunction , but instead mitochondrial dysfunction may be secondary to mtor - driven hyperfunctions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 suggest
2 suggest 7 state
2 suggest 11 caused
3 that 7 state
4 pseudo 5 -
4 pseudo 7 state
6 hypoxic 7 state
7 state 8 is
8 is 9 not
8 is 11 caused
10 necessarily 11 caused
11 caused 12 by
12 by 14 dysfunction
13 mitochondrial 14 dysfunction
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 instead
16 but 19 dysfunction
16 but 21 be
18 mitochondrial 19 dysfunction
19 dysfunction 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 22 secondary
22 secondary 23 to
23 to 27 hyperfunctions
24 mtor 25 -
24 mtor 27 hyperfunctions
26 driven 27 hyperfunctions

clinical applications of rapamycin for reversing pseudo - hypoxic state [and] [lactate] acidosis are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 clinical 2 applications
2 applications 3 of
2 applications 14 are
3 of 4 rapamycin
4 rapamycin 5 for
5 for 6 reversing
6 reversing 13 acidosis
7 pseudo 8 -
7 pseudo 10 state
9 hypoxic 10 state
10 state 13 acidosis
14 are 15 discussed

aging is a common risk factor of many disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 6 factor
3 a 4 common
3 a 6 factor
4 common 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
6 factor 7 of
7 of 9 disorders
8 many 9 disorders

with age , the level of insoluble extracellular matrix increases leading [to] increased stiffness of a number of tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 with 2 age
1 with 3 ,
1 with 5 level
4 the 5 level
5 level 6 of
5 level 13 increased
6 of 10 increases
7 insoluble 9 matrix
8 extracellular 9 matrix
9 matrix 10 increases
10 increases 11 leading
13 increased 14 stiffness
14 stiffness 15 of
15 of 19 tissues
16 a 17 number
17 number 18 of
17 number 19 tissues
18 of 19 tissues

matrix accumulation can also be observed in fibrotic disorders , such as systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 matrix 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 can
3 can 5 be
4 also 5 be
5 be 6 observed
6 observed 7 in
7 in 9 disorders
8 fibrotic 9 disorders
9 disorders 12 as
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 sclerosis
12 as 17 )
13 systemic 14 sclerosis
14 sclerosis 16 ssc
15 ( 16 ssc
16 ssc 17 )

although the intrinsic aging process in skin is phenotypically distinct from ssc , here we demonstrate similar behavior of aged and ssc skin fibroblasts in culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 although 5 process
1 although 8 is
1 although 13 ,
1 although 15 we
2 the 5 process
3 intrinsic 5 process
4 aging 5 process
5 process 6 in
5 process 8 is
6 in 7 skin
8 is 9 phenotypically
8 is 10 distinct
10 distinct 11 from
11 from 12 ssc
14 here 15 we
15 we 16 demonstrate
16 demonstrate 18 behavior
17 similar 18 behavior
18 behavior 19 of
18 behavior 25 in
19 of 24 fibroblasts
20 aged 21 and
21 and 22 ssc
21 and 23 skin
23 skin 24 fibroblasts
25 in 26 culture

we have used quantitative proteomics to characterize the phenotype of dermal fibroblasts from healthy subjects of various ages and from patients with ssc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 used
3 used 5 proteomics
3 used 6 to
3 used 7 characterize
4 quantitative 5 proteomics
6 to 7 characterize
7 characterize 9 phenotype
7 characterize 22 with
8 the 9 phenotype
9 phenotype 10 of
10 of 12 fibroblasts
11 dermal 12 fibroblasts
12 fibroblasts 19 and
13 from 15 subjects
13 from 19 and
14 healthy 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 of
16 of 18 ages
17 various 18 ages
19 and 20 from
20 from 21 patients
22 with 23 ssc

our results demonstrate that proteins involved in dna and rna processing decrease with age and in ssc , whereas those involved in mitochondrial and other metabolic processes behave the opposite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 behave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 5 proteins
4 that 6 involved
5 proteins 6 involved
6 involved 7 in
6 involved 11 processing
7 in 10 rna
8 dna 9 and
9 and 10 rna
11 processing 12 decrease
11 processing 19 whereas
12 decrease 15 and
13 with 14 age
13 with 15 and
15 and 16 in
16 in 17 ssc
18 , 19 whereas
19 whereas 20 those
20 those 21 involved
20 those 22 in
20 those 28 behave
22 in 24 and
23 mitochondrial 24 and
24 and 27 processes
25 other 27 processes
26 metabolic 27 processes
28 behave 30 opposite
29 the 30 opposite

specifically , minichromosome [maintenance] ( mcm ) helicase proteins are less abundant with age and ssc , and they exhibit an altered subcellular distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 9 proteins
3 minichromosome 6 mcm
3 minichromosome 8 helicase
5 ( 6 mcm
6 mcm 7 )
8 helicase 9 proteins
9 proteins 10 are
10 are 12 abundant
11 less 12 abundant
12 abundant 13 with
13 with 15 and
14 age 15 and
15 and 16 ssc
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 they
18 and 20 exhibit
19 they 20 exhibit
20 exhibit 24 distribution
21 an 24 distribution
22 altered 24 distribution
23 subcellular 24 distribution

we observed that lower levels of mcm7 correlate with reduced cell proliferation [,] lower autophagic capacity , and higher intracellular protein abundance phenotypes of aged and ssc cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 3 that
3 that 5 levels
3 that 8 correlate
4 lower 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 8 correlate
6 of 7 mcm7
8 correlate 9 with
9 with 21 protein
10 reduced 11 cell
11 cell 16 capacity
12 proliferation 16 capacity
14 lower 16 capacity
15 autophagic 16 capacity
16 capacity 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 higher
18 and 21 protein
20 intracellular 21 protein
21 protein 22 abundance
21 protein 23 phenotypes
21 protein 24 of
22 abundance 23 phenotypes
24 of 26 and
25 aged 26 and
26 and 28 cells
27 ssc 28 cells

in addition , we show that ssc fibroblasts exhibit higher levels of senescence compared with their healthy counterparts , suggesting further similarities between the fibrotic disorder and the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 8 fibroblasts
6 that 9 exhibit
7 ssc 8 fibroblasts
8 fibroblasts 9 exhibit
9 exhibit 11 levels
9 exhibit 15 with
10 higher 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
12 of 13 senescence
13 senescence 14 compared
15 with 18 counterparts
16 their 18 counterparts
17 healthy 18 counterparts
19 , 27 and
20 suggesting 22 similarities
21 further 22 similarities
22 similarities 23 between
22 similarities 27 and
23 between 26 disorder
24 the 26 disorder
25 fibrotic 26 disorder
27 and 30 process
28 the 30 process
29 aging 30 process

hence , at the molecular level , ssc fibroblasts exhibit intrinsic characteristics of fibroblasts from aged skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 fibroblasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 9 fibroblasts
2 , 3 at
3 at 6 level
3 at 7 ,
3 at 9 fibroblasts
4 the 6 level
5 molecular 6 level
8 ssc 9 fibroblasts
9 fibroblasts 10 exhibit
10 exhibit 12 characteristics
11 intrinsic 12 characteristics
12 characteristics 13 of
13 of 14 fibroblasts
14 fibroblasts 15 from
15 from 17 skin
16 aged 17 skin

purpose of review : there is a growing burden of end - stage cardiovascular disease in the aging western world and a need to improve access to best evidence - based care , including patients located in rural areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 end
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 purpose 2 of
1 purpose 10 of
1 purpose 11 end
2 of 3 review
2 of 4 :
2 of 6 is
3 review 4 :
4 : 5 there
6 is 9 burden
7 a 9 burden
8 growing 9 burden
9 burden 10 of
12 - 21 and
12 - 28 best
12 - 30 -
12 - 40 .
13 stage 15 disease
14 cardiovascular 15 disease
15 disease 16 in
15 disease 21 and
16 in 20 world
17 the 20 world
18 aging 20 world
19 western 20 world
21 and 23 need
21 and 24 to
21 and 27 to
21 and 28 best
22 a 23 need
24 to 25 improve
25 improve 26 access
25 improve 27 to
28 best 29 evidence
30 - 32 care
30 - 33 ,
31 based 32 care
33 , 34 including
33 , 36 located
34 including 35 patients
34 including 36 located
36 located 37 in
37 in 39 areas
38 rural 39 areas

recent findings : disparities are evident within rural settings for patients with cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 4 disparities
3 : 5 are
3 : 15 .
4 disparities 5 are
5 are 6 evident
6 evident 7 within
6 evident 12 with
7 within 9 settings
8 rural 9 settings
9 settings 10 for
10 for 11 patients
12 with 14 disease
13 cardiovascular 14 disease

useful guidelines exist to guide clinical services integration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 useful 2 guidelines
2 guidelines 3 exist
3 exist 4 to
4 to 5 guide
5 guide 8 integration
6 clinical 7 services
7 services 8 integration

palliative care and cardiac services need to integrate their services defining the primary care lead with heart failure nurses coordinating . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 need
1 palliative 2 care
2 care 3 and
3 and 5 services
3 and 6 need
4 cardiac 5 services
6 need 7 to
6 need 21 .
7 to 8 integrate
8 integrate 10 services
8 integrate 16 with
9 their 10 services
10 services 11 defining
11 defining 15 lead
12 the 15 lead
13 primary 14 care
14 care 15 lead
16 with 17 heart
17 heart 18 failure
17 heart 19 nurses
18 failure 19 nurses
19 nurses 20 coordinating

earlier communication around disease implications , symptom burden and objectives of care feed into the integrated model [for] best and agreed outcomes to be achieved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 earlier 2 communication
2 communication 3 around
2 communication 6 ,
3 around 5 implications
4 disease 5 implications
6 , 8 burden
6 , 9 and
7 symptom 8 burden
9 and 10 objectives
9 and 11 of
9 and 20 and
11 of 12 care
13 feed 14 into
13 feed 19 best
13 feed 20 and
14 into 17 model
15 the 17 model
16 integrated 17 model
20 and 21 agreed
20 and 23 to
21 agreed 22 outcomes
23 to 24 be
24 be 25 achieved

telehealth can assist a rural population when it is part of that integrated care model but more research on telemonitoring is required before conclusions can be drawn on the role of this expensive technology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telehealth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 telehealth 2 can
2 can 3 assist
3 assist 6 population
4 a 5 rural
4 a 6 population
5 rural 6 population
6 population 7 when
6 population 11 of
7 when 8 it
7 when 10 part
8 it 9 is
9 is 10 part
11 of 15 model
12 that 15 model
13 integrated 14 care
14 care 15 model
16 but 18 research
16 but 22 required
17 more 18 research
18 research 19 on
18 research 21 is
19 on 20 telemonitoring
21 is 22 required
22 required 23 before
22 required 28 on
23 before 24 conclusions
23 before 27 drawn
24 conclusions 25 can
25 can 26 be
26 be 27 drawn
28 on 30 role
29 the 30 role
30 role 31 of
31 of 34 technology
32 this 34 technology
33 expensive 34 technology

individual care plans can assist all involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 individual 2 care
2 care 3 plans
3 plans 4 can
4 can 5 assist
5 assist 6 all
6 all 7 involved

subcutaneous furosemide may play a part in keeping a patient at home and with good palliative care the place of death can be the patient 's home , if that is desired . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 furosemide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 subcutaneous 2 furosemide
2 furosemide 3 may
3 may 4 play
4 play 6 part
5 a 6 part
6 part 7 in
7 in 8 keeping
8 keeping 10 patient
8 keeping 11 at
9 a 10 patient
11 at 12 home
13 and 19 place
13 and 23 be
14 with 17 care
14 with 19 place
15 good 16 palliative
16 palliative 17 care
18 the 19 place
19 place 20 of
19 place 22 can
20 of 21 death
22 can 23 be
23 be 27 home
23 be 29 if
24 the 25 patient
25 patient 26 's
26 's 27 home
28 , 29 if
29 if 30 that
29 if 32 desired
29 if 33 .
30 that 31 is
31 is 32 desired
32 desired 33 .

summary : rural patients with end [-] stage heart failure can be well supported at home as long as the model of care is united to support them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 12 be
3 rural 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 11 can
5 with 10 failure
6 end 8 stage
8 stage 9 heart
9 heart 10 failure
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 well
12 be 14 supported
14 supported 15 at
14 supported 18 long
15 at 16 home
17 as 18 long
18 long 19 as
18 long 26 to
18 long 27 support
19 as 21 model
19 as 24 is
19 as 25 united
20 the 21 model
21 model 22 of
21 model 24 is
22 of 23 care
26 to 27 support
27 support 28 them

this includes heart failure nurse coordination based in the cardiac team , palliative care and general practice support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 includes
2 includes 6 coordination
2 includes 8 in
3 heart 6 coordination
4 failure 6 coordination
5 nurse 6 coordination
6 coordination 7 based
8 in 15 and
9 the 11 team
10 cardiac 11 team
11 team 12 ,
12 , 14 care
12 , 15 and
13 palliative 14 care
15 and 18 support
16 general 17 practice
17 practice 18 support

chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are underlying the uremia - associated immune deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 chronic 2 inflammation
2 inflammation 3 and
3 and 6 stress
3 and 7 are
4 increased 6 stress
5 oxidative 6 stress
7 are 8 underlying
8 underlying 14 deficiency
9 the 14 deficiency
10 uremia 11 -
10 uremia 14 deficiency
12 associated 14 deficiency
13 immune 14 deficiency

summary : in this review , the differential impact of uremia on the cellular immune system is summarized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 , 9 impact
6 , 18 summarized
7 the 9 impact
8 differential 9 impact
9 impact 10 of
9 impact 17 is
10 of 11 uremia
11 uremia 12 on
12 on 16 system
13 the 16 system
14 cellular 16 system
15 immune 16 system
17 is 18 summarized

virtually all immune cells studied show a combination of [an] activated status and loss of function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 virtually 2 all
2 all 4 cells
2 all 15 of
2 all 16 function
3 immune 4 cells
4 cells 5 studied
4 cells 6 show
6 show 8 combination
7 a 8 combination
8 combination 9 of
9 of 13 and
11 activated 12 status
12 status 13 and
13 and 14 loss
13 and 15 of

however , uremia preferentially decreases the number and function of lymphoid cells while myeloid cells show normal [and/or] elevated cell numbers with increased production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uremia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 uremia
3 uremia 5 decreases
4 preferentially 5 decreases
5 decreases 8 and
5 decreases 13 while
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 and
8 and 9 function
8 and 10 of
10 of 12 cells
11 lymphoid 12 cells
13 while 15 cells
13 while 16 show
14 myeloid 15 cells
15 cells 16 show
16 show 21 numbers
16 show 22 with
17 normal 20 cell
19 elevated 20 cell
20 cell 21 numbers
22 with 28 and
23 increased 24 production
24 production 25 of
24 production 28 and
25 of 27 cytokines
26 inflammatory 27 cytokines
28 and 31 species
29 reactive 30 oxygen
30 oxygen 31 species

these particular changes are compatible with immunological aging , which is characterized by loss of thymic function [,] attrition of telomeres and an expanded memory t cell population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 3 changes
2 particular 3 changes
3 changes 4 are
4 are 5 compatible
5 compatible 6 with
6 with 8 aging
7 immunological 8 aging
9 , 10 which
9 , 12 characterized
10 which 11 is
11 is 12 characterized
12 characterized 13 by
13 by 22 and
14 loss 15 of
14 loss 22 and
15 of 19 attrition
16 thymic 17 function
17 function 19 attrition
19 attrition 20 of
20 of 21 telomeres
22 and 28 population
23 an 28 population
24 expanded 25 memory
25 memory 26 t
25 memory 28 population
27 cell 28 population

similar to aging in healthy individuals , the proinflammatory and potential cardiotoxic subsets of cd28 ( null ) [t] cells and cd16 [(] [+] ) monocytes are increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 subsets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 7 ,
1 similar 13 subsets
2 to 3 aging
3 aging 4 in
4 in 6 individuals
5 healthy 6 individuals
8 the 13 subsets
9 proinflammatory 10 and
10 and 11 potential
10 and 13 subsets
12 cardiotoxic 13 subsets
13 subsets 14 of
13 subsets 27 are
14 of 26 monocytes
15 cd28 21 and
15 cd28 26 monocytes
16 ( 21 and
17 null 18 )
17 null 20 cells
20 cells 21 and
21 and 22 cd16
21 and 25 )
27 are 28 increased

epigenetically changed hematopoietic stem cells may be involved in immunological aging as specific dna regions become hypermethylated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 epigenetically 2 changed
2 changed 5 cells
3 hematopoietic 5 cells
4 stem 5 cells
5 cells 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 involved
8 involved 9 in
9 in 15 regions
10 immunological 15 regions
11 aging 15 regions
12 as 13 specific
13 specific 15 regions
14 dna 15 regions
15 regions 16 become
15 regions 17 hypermethylated

proinflammatory t cells and monocytes persist after kidney transplantation , which constitutes a persistent cardiovascular risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 persist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 proinflammatory 2 t
1 proinflammatory 3 cells
3 cells 4 and
4 and 5 monocytes
4 and 6 persist
6 persist 7 after
7 after 9 transplantation
8 kidney 9 transplantation
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 constitutes
11 which 12 constitutes
12 constitutes 17 factor
13 a 14 persistent
13 a 17 factor
14 persistent 17 factor
15 cardiovascular 17 factor
16 risk 17 factor

possible therapeutic options to reverse or halt uremia - associated immunological aging are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 possible 3 options
2 therapeutic 3 options
3 options 4 to
3 options 13 are
4 to 6 or
5 reverse 6 or
6 or 8 uremia
6 or 9 -
6 or 10 associated
6 or 12 aging
7 halt 8 uremia
10 associated 11 immunological
13 are 14 discussed

key messages : premature aging of the immune system is a dominant feature in patients with end - stage renal failure , which corresponds to immunological aging in elderly healthy individuals , [which] is characterized by preferential loss of cells belonging to the lymphoid cell lineage , inflammation and expansion of proinflammatory immune cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 messages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 key 2 messages
3 : 4 premature
4 premature 5 aging
4 premature 6 of
4 premature 10 is
6 of 9 system
7 the 9 system
8 immune 9 system
10 is 13 feature
11 a 12 dominant
11 a 13 feature
12 dominant 13 feature
13 feature 14 in
13 feature 21 failure
13 feature 23 which
14 in 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
16 with 17 end
18 - 21 failure
19 stage 21 failure
20 renal 21 failure
21 failure 22 ,
22 , 23 which
23 which 32 ,
24 corresponds 25 to
24 corresponds 32 ,
25 to 27 aging
26 immunological 27 aging
27 aging 28 in
28 in 31 individuals
29 elderly 31 individuals
30 healthy 31 individuals
32 , 34 is
32 , 41 belonging
34 is 35 characterized
35 characterized 36 by
36 by 38 loss
37 preferential 38 loss
38 loss 39 of
39 of 40 cells
41 belonging 42 to
41 belonging 49 and
42 to 46 lineage
43 the 46 lineage
44 lymphoid 45 cell
45 cell 46 lineage
47 , 49 and
48 inflammation 49 and
49 and 50 expansion
49 and 51 of
49 and 55 .
51 of 54 cells
52 proinflammatory 54 cells
53 immune 54 cells

objective : this study was designed to examine the age and sex distribution and the effects of [menopause] in a large cohort of participants diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( bppv ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 8 examine
2 : 34 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 designed
6 designed 7 to
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 14 and
9 the 10 age
10 age 11 and
11 and 13 distribution
11 and 14 and
12 sex 13 distribution
14 and 16 effects
14 and 17 of
15 the 16 effects
17 of 19 in
19 in 22 cohort
20 a 22 cohort
21 large 22 cohort
22 cohort 23 of
23 of 24 participants
24 participants 25 diagnosed
25 diagnosed 26 with
26 with 30 vertigo
27 benign 30 vertigo
28 paroxysmal 30 vertigo
29 positional 30 vertigo
30 vertigo 32 bppv
31 ( 32 bppv
32 bppv 33 )

methods : we analyzed 1,377 bppv patients and surveyed 935 women from this group - all diagnosed at the boys town national research hospital in the last decade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 8 and
3 we 8 and
4 analyzed 7 patients
4 analyzed 8 and
5 1,377 7 patients
6 bppv 7 patients
8 and 9 surveyed
8 and 12 from
9 surveyed 11 women
10 935 11 women
12 from 14 group
13 this 14 group
14 group 16 all
14 group 17 diagnosed
15 - 16 all
16 all 17 diagnosed
17 diagnosed 18 at
18 at 24 hospital
19 the 24 hospital
20 boys 21 town
21 town 22 national
22 national 23 research
23 research 24 hospital
24 hospital 25 in
25 in 28 decade
26 the 27 last
26 the 28 decade

the latter is a novel finding and was confirmed by a direct survey of female bppv patients ( 168 [participated] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 latter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 latter
2 latter 7 and
3 is 6 finding
3 is 7 and
4 a 5 novel
4 a 6 finding
5 novel 6 finding
7 and 8 was
7 and 10 by
8 was 9 confirmed
10 by 13 survey
11 a 12 direct
11 a 13 survey
12 direct 13 survey
13 survey 14 of
14 of 17 patients
15 female 17 patients
16 bppv 17 patients
17 patients 19 168
18 ( 19 168
19 168 21 )

in addition , there was a pronounced female preponderance ( 6.8:1 [female] - to [-] male [ratio] ) [in] bppv in the teenage group despite its low prevalence in this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 9 preponderance
6 a 9 preponderance
7 pronounced 9 preponderance
8 female 9 preponderance
9 preponderance 11 6.8:1
10 ( 11 6.8:1
11 6.8:1 13 -
13 - 24 group
13 - 33 .
14 to 20 bppv
14 to 24 group
16 male 18 )
16 male 20 bppv
20 bppv 21 in
21 in 23 teenage
22 the 23 teenage
24 group 25 despite
24 group 28 prevalence
24 group 29 in
25 despite 27 low
26 its 27 low
29 in 32 group
30 this 32 group
31 age 32 group

conclusions : data suggest that hormonal fluctuations [(] especially [during] [menopause] [ )(may increase the tendency to develop bppv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 suggest
2 : 20 .
3 data 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 fluctuations
5 that 14 increase
6 hormonal 7 fluctuations
7 fluctuations 13 )(may
9 especially 13 )(may
13 )(may 14 increase
14 increase 16 tendency
14 increase 17 to
15 the 16 tendency
17 to 18 develop
18 develop 19 bppv

objective : aging induces a shift in circulating hormones in women , accompanied by weight [gain] during the late reproductive , menopausal transition , and postmenopausal years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 aging
2 : 12 ,
3 aging 12 ,
4 induces 6 shift
4 induces 12 ,
5 a 6 shift
6 shift 7 in
7 in 8 circulating
8 circulating 9 hormones
9 hormones 10 in
10 in 11 women
12 , 13 accompanied
12 , 14 by
12 , 17 during
14 by 15 weight
17 during 25 and
18 the 23 transition
19 late 23 transition
20 reproductive 21 ,
20 reproductive 23 transition
22 menopausal 23 transition
23 transition 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 years
26 postmenopausal 27 years

exercise has been shown to counter weight [gain] ; however , it might increase circulating androgens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 exercise 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 shown
4 shown 5 to
5 to 6 counter
6 counter 7 weight
9 ; 12 it
9 ; 14 increase
10 however 11 ,
10 however 12 it
12 it 13 might
13 might 14 increase
14 increase 16 androgens
15 circulating 16 androgens

a 6 [-] month aerobic and resistance training exercise regimen was implemented to examine interrelationships between circulating sex hormones , body composition , aerobic capacity , insulin sensitivity , and insulin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 regimen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 10 regimen
2 6 4 month
4 month 8 training
5 aerobic 6 and
6 and 7 resistance
6 and 8 training
8 training 9 exercise
9 exercise 10 regimen
10 regimen 11 was
11 was 12 implemented
12 implemented 13 to
12 implemented 16 between
13 to 14 examine
14 examine 15 interrelationships
16 between 30 and
17 circulating 18 sex
18 sex 19 hormones
19 hormones 20 ,
20 , 22 composition
20 , 23 ,
21 body 22 composition
23 , 25 capacity
23 , 26 ,
24 aerobic 25 capacity
26 , 28 sensitivity
26 , 30 and
27 insulin 28 sensitivity
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 resistance
31 insulin 32 resistance

methods : twenty - eight women , aged 42 to 52 years , completed the 6 - month intervention study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 women
2 : 14 completed
2 : 17 -
2 : 21 .
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 eight
4 - 6 women
6 women 8 aged
6 women 14 completed
7 , 8 aged
8 aged 9 42
8 aged 10 to
8 aged 13 ,
10 to 12 years
11 52 12 years
14 completed 16 6
15 the 16 6
17 - 20 study
18 month 20 study
19 intervention 20 study

they were randomly assigned to either a control ( con [;] n = 10 ) group - and maintained their sedentary lifestyle - or an exercise intervention ( exe [;] n = 18 ) group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assigned
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 randomly
2 were 4 assigned
4 assigned 5 to
4 assigned 8 control
5 to 6 either
7 a 8 control
8 control 18 and
9 ( 18 and
10 con 13 =
10 con 16 group
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 10
13 = 15 )
16 group 18 and
17 - 18 and
18 and 35 group
18 and 36 .
19 maintained 35 group
20 their 22 lifestyle
21 sedentary 22 lifestyle
22 lifestyle 24 or
23 - 24 or
24 or 27 intervention
24 or 29 exe
24 or 35 group
25 an 26 exercise
25 an 27 intervention
26 exercise 27 intervention
28 ( 29 exe
29 exe 32 =
29 exe 34 )
31 n 32 =
32 = 33 18

the exercise intervention consisted of combined aerobic and resistance workouts scheduled 6 days / [week] for 60 minutes/day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 exercise
2 exercise 3 intervention
2 exercise 5 of
2 exercise 6 combined
3 intervention 4 consisted
4 consisted 5 of
6 combined 7 aerobic
8 and 10 workouts
8 and 11 scheduled
9 resistance 10 workouts
10 workouts 11 scheduled
11 scheduled 14 /
12 6 13 days
13 days 14 /
14 / 16 for
16 for 18 minutes/day
17 60 18 minutes/day

body weight , composition , vo2 peak , plasma insulin , glucose , lipid profile , estradiol , testosterone , progesterone , dehydroepiandrosterone , and dehydroepiandrosterone [sulfate] ( dheas ) were measured at baseline and on [month] 6 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 body 2 weight
2 weight 3 ,
3 , 4 composition
3 , 5 ,
5 , 7 peak
5 , 8 ,
6 vo2 7 peak
8 , 10 insulin
8 , 11 ,
9 plasma 10 insulin
11 , 12 glucose
11 , 13 ,
13 , 15 profile
13 , 16 ,
14 lipid 15 profile
16 , 17 estradiol
16 , 18 ,
18 , 23 dehydroepiandrosterone
18 , 25 and
19 testosterone 20 ,
19 testosterone 23 dehydroepiandrosterone
21 progesterone 22 ,
21 progesterone 23 dehydroepiandrosterone
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 dehydroepiandrosterone
25 and 29 dheas
25 and 31 were
28 ( 29 dheas
29 dheas 30 )
31 were 32 measured
32 measured 35 and
33 at 34 baseline
33 at 35 and
35 and 36 on
36 on 38 6

insulin sensitivity was estimated using the insulin sensitivity index and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index , whereas insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model for insulin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 insulin 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 was
3 was 4 estimated
4 estimated 5 using
5 using 10 and
6 the 9 index
7 insulin 9 index
8 sensitivity 9 index
9 index 10 and
10 and 16 index
11 the 16 index
12 quantitative 16 index
13 insulin 14 sensitivity
14 sensitivity 16 index
15 check 16 index
17 , 20 resistance
17 , 22 estimated
18 whereas 19 insulin
18 whereas 20 resistance
20 resistance 21 was
21 was 22 estimated
22 estimated 23 using
22 estimated 27 for
23 using 26 model
24 the 26 model
25 homeostatic 26 model
27 for 29 resistance
28 insulin 29 resistance

results : there was a trend toward increased dheas in both groups ( p < 0.1 [ )(, but not as a function of the intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 27 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 trend
4 was 7 toward
4 was 10 in
4 was 19 but
4 was 21 as
5 a 6 trend
7 toward 9 dheas
8 increased 9 dheas
10 in 12 groups
11 both 12 groups
12 groups 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.1
15 < 18 )(,
19 but 20 not
21 as 23 function
22 a 23 function
23 function 24 of
24 of 26 intervention
25 the 26 intervention

insulin sensitivity [index] increased in the exe group compared with the con group ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 insulin 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 4 increased
4 increased 5 in
5 in 8 group
6 the 8 group
7 exe 8 group
8 group 9 compared
9 compared 10 with
10 with 13 group
11 the 13 group
12 con 13 group
13 group 16 <
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.01
16 < 18 )

multiple linear regression indicated that , at 6 months , dheas was a negative contributor to insulin sensitivity in the exe group , but not in the con group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 indicated
4 indicated 5 that
5 that 11 dheas
5 that 12 was
6 , 7 at
7 at 9 months
7 at 10 ,
7 at 11 dheas
8 6 9 months
11 dheas 12 was
12 was 15 contributor
13 a 15 contributor
14 negative 15 contributor
15 contributor 24 but
16 to 18 sensitivity
16 to 24 but
17 insulin 18 sensitivity
18 sensitivity 19 in
19 in 22 group
20 the 22 group
21 exe 22 group
23 , 24 but
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 in
26 in 29 group
27 the 29 group
28 con 29 group

conclusions : in midlife women , an increase in circulating dheas , such as that previously reported during the menopausal transition , is associated with higher insulin resistance , but exercise can mitigate this risk by improving insulin sensitivity , thereby countering the effects of dheas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 increase
2 : 24 associated
2 : 30 but
3 in 5 women
3 in 6 ,
3 in 8 increase
4 midlife 5 women
7 an 8 increase
8 increase 9 in
8 increase 23 is
9 in 10 circulating
10 circulating 11 dheas
10 circulating 14 as
12 , 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 15 that
14 as 22 ,
15 that 17 reported
16 previously 17 reported
17 reported 18 during
18 during 21 transition
19 the 21 transition
20 menopausal 21 transition
23 is 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 28 resistance
26 higher 27 insulin
27 insulin 28 resistance
29 , 30 but
30 but 31 exercise
30 but 33 mitigate
31 exercise 32 can
32 can 33 mitigate
33 mitigate 35 risk
34 this 35 risk
35 risk 36 by
36 by 37 improving
37 improving 39 sensitivity
38 insulin 39 sensitivity
39 sensitivity 42 countering
40 , 41 thereby
40 , 42 countering
42 countering 44 effects
42 countering 47 .
43 the 44 effects
44 effects 45 of
45 of 46 dheas

traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) is the most common form of head injury and is a leading cause of death worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 injury
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 traumatic 2 brain
2 brain 3 injury
3 injury 5 tbi
3 injury 15 and
4 ( 5 tbi
5 tbi 6 )
7 is 11 form
7 is 15 and
8 the 9 most
9 most 11 form
10 common 11 form
11 form 12 of
12 of 14 injury
13 head 14 injury
15 and 16 is
15 and 22 worldwide
16 is 19 cause
17 a 19 cause
18 leading 19 cause
19 cause 20 of
20 of 21 death

due to the vast variability in the types and severity of trauma , the cellular consequences of head injury are not completely understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 5 variability
2 to 13 ,
2 to 16 consequences
3 the 5 variability
4 vast 5 variability
5 variability 6 in
5 variability 11 of
6 in 9 and
7 the 8 types
8 types 9 and
9 and 10 severity
11 of 12 trauma
14 the 16 consequences
15 cellular 16 consequences
16 consequences 17 of
16 consequences 20 are
17 of 19 injury
18 head 19 injury
20 are 21 not
20 are 23 understood
22 completely 23 understood

the development of reliable models of tbi will aid in understanding the molecular consequences of head trauma , and they will assist in identifying biological surrogate markers of the degree of damage and prognosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 33 and
3 of 5 models
4 reliable 5 models
5 models 6 of
6 of 7 tbi
7 tbi 9 aid
7 tbi 22 assist
8 will 9 aid
9 aid 10 in
9 aid 15 of
9 aid 21 will
10 in 11 understanding
11 understanding 14 consequences
12 the 14 consequences
13 molecular 14 consequences
15 of 19 and
16 head 17 trauma
17 trauma 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 they
21 will 22 assist
22 assist 23 in
23 in 24 identifying
24 identifying 27 markers
25 biological 26 surrogate
26 surrogate 27 markers
27 markers 28 of
28 of 32 damage
29 the 30 degree
30 degree 31 of
30 degree 32 damage
31 of 32 damage
33 and 34 prognosis

in doing so , effective therapeutic strategies can be applied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 2 doing
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 strategies
2 doing 3 so
5 effective 7 strategies
6 therapeutic 7 strategies
7 strategies 8 can
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 applied

current in vivo experimental models yield important information , but they [too] have a significant amount of variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 yield
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 current 5 models
2 in 3 vivo
3 vivo 4 experimental
4 experimental 5 models
5 models 6 yield
6 yield 8 information
7 important 8 information
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 they
10 but 13 have
11 they 13 have
13 have 16 amount
14 a 15 significant
14 a 16 amount
15 significant 16 amount
16 amount 17 of
17 of 18 variation

the goal of this review is to [re] [-] evaluate the use of these in [vivo] models of tbi and assess whether they correlate with the consequence of tbi in humans from the perspective of tau , an axonal microtubule - stabilizing protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 20 and
7 to 20 and
10 evaluate 12 use
10 evaluate 20 and
11 the 12 use
12 use 13 of
12 use 15 in
12 use 18 of
13 of 14 these
15 in 17 models
18 of 19 tbi
20 and 21 assess
21 assess 22 whether
21 assess 30 in
22 whether 23 they
22 whether 24 correlate
23 they 24 correlate
24 correlate 25 with
25 with 27 consequence
26 the 27 consequence
27 consequence 28 of
28 of 29 tbi
30 in 31 humans
31 humans 32 from
32 from 34 perspective
33 the 34 perspective
34 perspective 35 of
34 perspective 42 stabilizing
35 of 36 tau
36 tau 40 microtubule
37 , 40 microtubule
38 an 40 microtubule
39 axonal 40 microtubule
40 microtubule 41 -
42 stabilizing 43 protein

we present and [discuss] the current models of traumatic head injury , and we focus on those that assess changes in tau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 3 and
3 and 7 models
3 and 8 of
3 and 15 focus
5 the 7 models
6 current 7 models
8 of 13 and
9 traumatic 10 head
10 head 11 injury
11 injury 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 we
15 focus 16 on
15 focus 21 in
16 on 17 those
17 those 18 that
17 those 19 assess
18 that 19 assess
19 assess 20 changes
21 in 22 tau

we evaluate reports of tbi in humans that measured changes in tau and that were detectable in serum and cerebrospinal fluid , and as [a] pathological consequence in brain tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 evaluate
2 evaluate 3 reports
3 reports 4 of
3 reports 8 that
3 reports 17 in
4 of 5 tbi
5 tbi 6 in
6 in 7 humans
8 that 13 and
8 that 15 were
9 measured 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
10 changes 13 and
11 in 12 tau
13 and 14 that
13 and 15 were
15 were 16 detectable
17 in 19 and
18 serum 19 and
19 and 27 consequence
19 and 28 in
20 cerebrospinal 27 consequence
21 fluid 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 pathological
23 and 27 consequence
24 as 26 pathological
28 in 30 tissue
29 brain 30 tissue

background : autobiographical memory ( abm ) refers to the recollection of individual experiences , while personal semantic memory ( psm ) refers [to] personally [relevant] , but shared , facts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 memory
2 : 8 refers
2 : 32 .
3 autobiographical 4 memory
4 memory 6 abm
4 memory 8 refers
5 ( 6 abm
6 abm 7 )
8 refers 9 to
8 refers 16 while
8 refers 31 facts
9 to 11 recollection
10 the 11 recollection
11 recollection 12 of
12 of 14 experiences
13 individual 14 experiences
15 , 16 while
16 while 19 memory
16 while 28 but
16 while 30 ,
17 personal 19 memory
18 semantic 19 memory
19 memory 21 psm
19 memory 28 but
20 ( 21 psm
21 psm 22 )
23 refers 25 personally
23 refers 28 but
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 shared

mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) is routinely diagnosed with the aid of neuropsychological tests , which do not tap the abm and psm domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 mild 3 impairment
2 cognitive 3 impairment
3 impairment 5 mci
3 impairment 7 is
4 ( 5 mci
5 mci 6 )
7 is 8 routinely
7 is 9 diagnosed
9 diagnosed 10 with
10 with 12 aid
11 the 12 aid
12 aid 13 of
13 of 15 tests
14 neuropsychological 15 tests
16 , 17 which
16 , 20 tap
17 which 18 do
18 do 19 not
18 do 20 tap
20 tap 25 domains
21 the 25 domains
22 abm 23 and
23 and 24 psm
24 psm 25 domains

objective : we aimed to characterize the nature of abm and psm retrieval in cognitively healthy ( hc ) memory complainers [,] [non] - memory complainers , and [mci] participants , [and] to investigate the relationship between neuropsychological tests and personal memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 6 characterize
3 we 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
5 to 6 characterize
6 characterize 11 and
6 characterize 14 in
7 the 11 and
8 nature 9 of
8 nature 11 and
9 of 10 abm
11 and 13 retrieval
12 psm 13 retrieval
14 in 21 complainers
15 cognitively 16 healthy
16 healthy 18 hc
16 healthy 21 complainers
17 ( 18 hc
18 hc 19 )
20 memory 21 complainers
21 complainers 28 and
21 complainers 33 to
24 - 28 and
25 memory 26 complainers
26 complainers 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 participants
28 and 31 ,
31 , 33 to
33 to 34 investigate
33 to 43 .
34 investigate 36 relationship
34 investigate 37 between
35 the 36 relationship
37 between 40 and
38 neuropsychological 39 tests
39 tests 40 and
40 and 42 memory
40 and 43 .
41 personal 42 memory

methods : gender - and education - matched participants ( hc = 80 and [mci] = 43 ) completed the episodic abm interview ( eami ) and a battery of neuropsychological tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 19 completed
3 gender 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 6 education
5 and 9 participants
5 and 19 completed
7 - 9 participants
8 matched 9 participants
9 participants 11 hc
9 participants 18 )
10 ( 11 hc
11 hc 14 and
11 hc 18 )
12 = 13 80
13 80 14 and
14 and 17 43
16 = 17 43
19 completed 27 and
20 the 25 eami
21 episodic 22 abm
22 abm 23 interview
23 interview 25 eami
24 ( 25 eami
25 eami 26 )
25 eami 27 and
27 and 29 battery
27 and 30 of
28 a 29 battery
30 of 32 tests
31 neuropsychological 32 tests

results : abm and psm did not differ between complainers and [non] - complainers , but were poorer in mci participants , after accounting for age and depressive symptomatology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 11 and
3 abm 4 and
4 and 5 psm
4 and 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 11 and
8 differ 9 between
8 differ 11 and
9 between 10 complainers
11 and 16 but
11 and 19 in
11 and 21 participants
13 - 16 but
14 complainers 16 but
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 were
17 were 18 poorer
19 in 20 mci
21 participants 23 after
22 , 23 after
23 after 24 accounting
23 after 30 .
24 accounting 25 for
25 for 27 and
26 age 27 and
27 and 29 symptomatology
28 depressive 29 symptomatology

there were significant associations between personal memory and objective memory measures were found in mci participants , but standard cognitive measures were more sensitive to mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 8 and
2 were 4 associations
2 were 8 and
3 significant 4 associations
4 associations 5 between
5 between 7 memory
6 personal 7 memory
8 and 13 found
9 objective 10 memory
10 memory 11 measures
11 measures 12 were
12 were 13 found
13 found 14 in
13 found 16 participants
14 in 15 mci
17 , 18 but
18 but 21 measures
18 but 22 were
19 standard 21 measures
20 cognitive 21 measures
21 measures 22 were
22 were 24 sensitive
23 more 24 sensitive
24 sensitive 25 to
25 to 26 mci

conclusion : personal memory was compromised in mci , reflected by lower scores on the eami . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 memory
2 : 9 ,
3 personal 4 memory
4 memory 5 was
5 was 9 ,
6 compromised 7 in
6 compromised 9 ,
7 in 8 mci
9 , 10 reflected
9 , 14 on
10 reflected 11 by
11 by 13 scores
12 lower 13 scores
14 on 16 eami
15 the 16 eami

memory complaining , assessed by current approaches , did not have an impact on personal memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 memory 2 complaining
1 memory 9 did
2 complaining 4 assessed
3 , 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
4 assessed 8 ,
5 by 7 approaches
6 current 7 approaches
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 have
11 have 13 impact
11 have 14 on
12 an 13 impact
14 on 16 memory
15 personal 16 memory

standard subjective questionnaires might not reflect the sorts of concerns that bring individuals to clinical attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 standard 3 questionnaires
2 subjective 3 questionnaires
3 questionnaires 4 might
4 might 5 not
4 might 6 reflect
6 reflect 10 concerns
7 the 8 sorts
8 sorts 9 of
8 sorts 10 concerns
9 of 10 concerns
10 concerns 11 that
10 concerns 12 bring
11 that 12 bring
12 bring 13 individuals
12 bring 14 to
14 to 16 attention
15 clinical 16 attention

understanding personal memory [function] in the elderly may aid in the development of a more sensitive measure of subjective memory concerns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 understanding 3 memory
1 understanding 5 in
1 understanding 8 may
2 personal 3 memory
5 in 7 elderly
6 the 7 elderly
8 may 9 aid
9 aid 10 in
9 aid 21 concerns
10 in 12 development
11 the 12 development
12 development 13 of
13 of 20 memory
14 a 17 measure
15 more 16 sensitive
16 sensitive 17 measure
17 measure 18 of
17 measure 20 memory
18 of 20 memory
19 subjective 20 memory

background : the use of testosterone among aging men has been increasing , but results from studies addressing the effectiveness of testosterone replacement therapy have been equivocal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 use
2 : 11 been
2 : 14 but
2 : 28 .
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 10 has
5 of 6 testosterone
6 testosterone 7 among
7 among 8 aging
8 aging 9 men
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 increasing
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 results
14 but 26 been
15 results 16 from
15 results 25 have
16 from 17 studies
17 studies 18 addressing
17 studies 21 of
18 addressing 20 effectiveness
19 the 20 effectiveness
21 of 24 therapy
22 testosterone 23 replacement
23 replacement 24 therapy
25 have 26 been
26 been 27 equivocal

objective : given our prior pre - clinical studies that reported a major influence of oxidative stress on testosterone's neuroprotective effects [,] we investigated whether the negative effects of testosterone on brain function were predicted [by] [oxidative] [load] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 predicted
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 given
3 given 9 studies
4 our 9 studies
5 prior 9 studies
6 pre 7 -
6 pre 9 studies
8 clinical 9 studies
10 that 11 reported
11 reported 14 influence
11 reported 35 predicted
12 a 13 major
12 a 14 influence
13 major 14 influence
14 influence 15 of
14 influence 35 predicted
15 of 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress
17 stress 18 on
18 on 19 testosterone's
19 testosterone's 21 effects
19 testosterone's 34 were
20 neuroprotective 21 effects
21 effects 23 we
21 effects 24 investigated
21 effects 34 were
23 we 24 investigated
24 investigated 25 whether
25 whether 28 effects
25 whether 33 function
26 the 28 effects
27 negative 28 effects
28 effects 29 of
28 effects 31 on
28 effects 33 function
29 of 30 testosterone
31 on 32 brain
35 predicted 39 .

methods : in order to test our hypothesis , we determined whether circulating total testosterone and luteinizing hormone correlated with cognition in a subset of the texas alzheimer 's research & care consortium ( tarcc ) cohort , consisting of caucasian ( n = 116 ) and mexican - american ( n = 117 ) men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 order
4 order 5 to
4 order 6 test
5 to 6 test
6 test 8 hypothesis
7 our 8 hypothesis
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 determined
9 , 49 -
10 we 11 determined
11 determined 12 whether
11 determined 20 with
12 whether 13 circulating
12 whether 19 correlated
13 circulating 16 and
13 circulating 19 correlated
14 total 15 testosterone
15 testosterone 16 and
16 and 18 hormone
17 luteinizing 18 hormone
20 with 21 cognition
20 with 22 in
22 in 24 subset
23 a 24 subset
24 subset 25 of
25 of 37 cohort
26 the 27 texas
27 texas 28 alzheimer
28 alzheimer 29 's
29 's 37 cohort
30 research 31 &
31 & 32 care
32 care 33 consortium
33 consortium 35 tarcc
34 ( 35 tarcc
35 tarcc 36 )
35 tarcc 37 cohort
37 cohort 47 and
38 , 47 and
39 consisting 40 of
39 consisting 47 and
40 of 41 caucasian
41 caucasian 44 =
42 ( 44 =
43 n 44 =
44 = 45 116
44 = 46 )
47 and 48 mexican
47 and 49 -
49 - 56 men
50 american 53 =
50 american 56 men
51 ( 53 =
52 n 53 =
53 = 54 117
53 = 55 )

we also assessed whether oxidative stress ( as indexed [by] homocysteine levels ) modified this relationship between sex hormones and cognition , and [whether] the levels of two antioxidants , superoxide dismutase - [1] and glutathione s - transferase ( gst ) , varied as a function of circulating testosterone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
1 we 3 assessed
2 also 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 whether
4 whether 6 stress
4 whether 14 modified
5 oxidative 6 stress
6 stress 12 levels
6 stress 14 modified
7 ( 12 levels
8 as 9 indexed
9 indexed 11 homocysteine
11 homocysteine 12 levels
12 levels 13 )
14 modified 23 and
15 this 16 relationship
16 relationship 17 between
16 relationship 20 and
17 between 19 hormones
18 sex 19 hormones
20 and 21 cognition
20 and 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 levels
23 and 27 of
25 the 26 levels
27 of 29 antioxidants
28 two 29 antioxidants
29 antioxidants 38 -
30 , 38 -
31 superoxide 32 dismutase
32 dismutase 35 and
33 - 35 and
35 and 36 glutathione
35 and 38 -
36 glutathione 37 s
38 - 39 transferase
39 transferase 41 gst
39 transferase 44 varied
40 ( 41 gst
41 gst 42 )
43 , 44 varied
44 varied 45 as
44 varied 51 .
45 as 47 function
46 a 47 function
47 function 48 of
48 of 49 circulating
49 circulating 50 testosterone

results : in a low oxidative stress environment , testosterone was positively associated with the level of the antioxidant , gst , while no deleterious effects [on] cognitive function were noted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 8 environment
4 a 5 low
4 a 8 environment
5 low 7 stress
6 oxidative 7 stress
7 stress 8 environment
9 , 10 testosterone
9 , 13 associated
10 testosterone 11 was
11 was 13 associated
12 positively 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 23 while
14 with 16 level
15 the 16 level
16 level 17 of
17 of 19 antioxidant
18 the 19 antioxidant
19 antioxidant 21 gst
20 , 21 gst
21 gst 22 ,
23 while 29 function
23 while 31 noted
24 no 29 function
25 deleterious 26 effects
26 effects 29 function
28 cognitive 29 function
29 function 30 were
30 were 31 noted

in contrast , under conditions of high oxidative stress ( homocysteine levels >12 μmol/l ) , testosterone and luteinizing hormone were associated with cognitive impairment , but only among caucasians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 18 and
3 , 4 under
4 under 5 conditions
4 under 16 ,
4 under 18 and
5 conditions 6 of
6 of 9 stress
7 high 9 stress
8 oxidative 9 stress
9 stress 14 μmol/l
10 ( 14 μmol/l
11 homocysteine 14 μmol/l
12 levels 14 μmol/l
13 >12 14 μmol/l
14 μmol/l 15 )
17 testosterone 18 and
18 and 20 hormone
18 and 21 were
19 luteinizing 20 hormone
21 were 22 associated
22 associated 27 but
23 with 25 impairment
23 with 27 but
24 cognitive 25 impairment
26 , 27 but
27 but 28 only
27 but 29 among
29 among 30 caucasians

the ethnic difference was attributed to significantly higher gst levels among mexican [-] americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 difference
2 ethnic 3 difference
3 difference 4 was
4 was 5 attributed
5 attributed 6 to
5 attributed 11 among
6 to 10 levels
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 10 levels
9 gst 10 levels
11 among 14 americans
12 mexican 14 americans

conclusion : while testosterone may be beneficial under conditions of low oxidative stress , testosterone appears to have negative consequences under conditions of elevated oxidative stress , but only in caucasians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 while
2 : 7 beneficial
3 while 4 testosterone
3 while 6 be
4 testosterone 5 may
5 may 6 be
7 beneficial 8 under
8 under 9 conditions
9 conditions 10 of
10 of 13 stress
11 low 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
14 , 15 testosterone
14 , 16 appears
15 testosterone 16 appears
16 appears 17 to
16 appears 18 have
17 to 18 have
18 have 20 consequences
19 negative 20 consequences
20 consequences 28 but
21 under 22 conditions
21 under 28 but
22 conditions 23 of
23 of 26 stress
24 elevated 26 stress
25 oxidative 26 stress
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 only
28 but 30 in
30 in 31 caucasians

mexican - americans , however , were protected from any deleterious effects of testosterone , potentially due to higher levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses such as gst . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mexican
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 americans
2 - 8 protected
3 americans 7 were
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 were
7 were 8 protected
8 protected 9 from
9 from 12 effects
10 any 12 effects
11 deleterious 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 testosterone
14 testosterone 17 due
15 , 17 due
16 potentially 17 due
17 due 18 to
17 due 28 .
18 to 20 levels
19 higher 20 levels
20 levels 21 of
21 of 24 defenses
22 endogenous 24 defenses
23 antioxidant 24 defenses
24 defenses 26 as
25 such 26 as
26 as 27 gst

puerto rican adults in the united states mainland live with socioeconomic and health disparities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 live
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 puerto 2 rican
2 rican 3 adults
3 adults 4 in
3 adults 9 live
4 in 8 mainland
5 the 8 mainland
6 united 7 states
7 states 8 mainland
9 live 10 with
10 with 12 and
11 socioeconomic 12 and
12 and 14 disparities
13 health 14 disparities

to understand their contextual experience of aging , we interviewed participants in the boston puerto rican health study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 5 experience
3 their 5 experience
4 contextual 5 experience
5 experience 6 of
6 of 7 aging
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 interviewed
9 we 10 interviewed
10 interviewed 11 participants
10 interviewed 12 in
12 in 18 study
13 the 18 study
14 boston 15 puerto
15 puerto 16 rican
16 rican 17 health
17 health 18 study

we address the tensions between ['] acceptance ['] and fatalismo as a cultural belief , and a function of structural barriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 address
2 address 4 tensions
2 address 5 between
2 address 11 as
3 the 4 tensions
5 between 9 and
7 acceptance 9 and
9 and 10 fatalismo
11 as 16 and
12 a 13 cultural
12 a 14 belief
13 cultural 14 belief
14 belief 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 function
16 and 19 of
17 a 18 function
19 of 21 barriers
20 structural 21 barriers

the experience of aging is discussed in the context of puerto rico 's history and continued dependence on the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 experience
2 experience 3 of
2 experience 15 and
3 of 4 aging
5 is 6 discussed
5 is 15 and
6 discussed 7 in
7 in 9 context
8 the 9 context
9 context 10 of
10 of 14 history
11 puerto 12 rico
12 rico 13 's
13 's 14 history
15 and 16 continued
16 continued 17 dependence
16 continued 18 on
18 on 21 states
19 the 21 states
20 united 21 states

increasing health care costs in the us are due in a large part to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 increasing 2 health
2 health 3 care
3 care 4 costs
4 costs 5 in
4 costs 8 are
5 in 7 us
6 the 7 us
8 are 9 due
9 due 10 in
9 due 14 to
9 due 21 in
10 in 13 part
11 a 13 part
12 large 13 part
14 to 17 prevalence
15 the 17 prevalence
16 increasing 17 prevalence
17 prevalence 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 chronic 20 diseases
21 in 24 population
22 an 24 population
23 aging 24 population

current therapeutic strategies for treating chronic diseases alleviate symptoms allowing patients to live longer with these diseases , but they do little , however , to alter the underlying disease course . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 current 3 strategies
2 therapeutic 3 strategies
3 strategies 4 for
3 strategies 19 but
4 for 5 treating
5 treating 7 diseases
6 chronic 7 diseases
8 alleviate 9 symptoms
8 alleviate 15 with
8 alleviate 19 but
9 symptoms 10 allowing
10 allowing 11 patients
10 allowing 12 to
10 allowing 13 live
12 to 13 live
13 live 14 longer
15 with 17 diseases
16 these 17 diseases
18 , 19 but
19 but 27 alter
20 they 21 do
21 do 22 little
21 do 26 to
23 , 24 however
24 however 25 ,
24 however 26 to
26 to 27 alter
27 alter 31 course
28 the 31 course
29 underlying 31 course
30 disease 31 course

recent advances in molecular biology are revealing new drug targets that may significantly alter the course of these diseases [and] , as a result , offer economic relief from burgeoning health care costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 recent 2 advances
2 advances 3 in
2 advances 6 are
3 in 5 biology
4 molecular 5 biology
6 are 7 revealing
7 revealing 10 targets
7 revealing 14 alter
8 new 10 targets
9 drug 10 targets
10 targets 11 that
10 targets 12 may
10 targets 14 alter
11 that 12 may
13 significantly 14 alter
14 alter 16 course
15 the 16 course
16 course 17 of
17 of 19 diseases
18 these 19 diseases
21 , 26 offer
22 as 24 result
22 as 25 ,
22 as 26 offer
23 a 24 result
26 offer 28 relief
26 offer 33 costs
27 economic 28 relief
28 relief 29 from
29 from 30 burgeoning
30 burgeoning 31 health
32 care 33 costs

endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) stress has been implicated as [an] underlying pathology in many chronic diseases , and , therefore , the development of therapies designed to ameliorate er stress may yield novel , effective treatment strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 endoplasmic 6 stress
2 reticulum 4 er
2 reticulum 6 stress
3 ( 4 er
4 er 5 )
6 stress 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 implicated
9 implicated 10 as
10 as 13 pathology
12 underlying 13 pathology
13 pathology 14 in
14 in 17 diseases
15 many 17 diseases
16 chronic 17 diseases
18 , 19 and
19 and 24 development
19 and 27 designed
20 , 21 therefore
21 therefore 22 ,
21 therefore 24 development
23 the 24 development
24 development 25 of
24 development 27 designed
25 of 26 therapies
27 designed 28 to
27 designed 38 strategies
28 to 29 ameliorate
29 ameliorate 30 er
30 er 31 stress
30 er 33 yield
31 stress 32 may
32 may 33 yield
34 novel 35 ,
34 novel 37 treatment
36 effective 37 treatment
37 treatment 38 strategies

herein , we report that x - box binding protein 1 ( xbp1 ) may be one of the earliest proteins engaged in response to er stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 herein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 herein 7 -
1 herein 15 may
2 , 7 -
3 we 4 report
4 report 5 that
5 that 6 x
5 that 7 -
6 x 7 -
7 - 10 protein
7 - 14 )
8 box 9 binding
9 binding 10 protein
10 protein 11 1
10 protein 13 xbp1
12 ( 13 xbp1
13 xbp1 14 )
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 one
17 one 18 of
18 of 21 proteins
19 the 20 earliest
19 the 21 proteins
21 proteins 22 engaged
22 engaged 25 to
23 in 24 response
24 response 25 to
25 to 27 stress
26 er 27 stress

we show that a new signaling peptide derived from the er - embedded transient receptor potential calcium channel protein 1 ( trpc1 ) engages xbp1 upstream of nlrp3 inflammasome - mediated maturation and secretion of il - 1β/il - 18 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
2 show 7 peptide
2 show 9 from
4 a 5 new
4 a 7 peptide
5 new 7 peptide
6 signaling 7 peptide
7 peptide 8 derived
9 from 11 er
10 the 11 er
12 - 19 protein
12 - 24 engages
12 - 39 -
13 embedded 14 transient
14 transient 19 protein
15 receptor 17 calcium
16 potential 17 calcium
17 calcium 19 protein
18 channel 19 protein
19 protein 20 1
19 protein 22 trpc1
19 protein 24 engages
21 ( 22 trpc1
22 trpc1 23 )
24 engages 25 xbp1
24 engages 26 upstream
26 upstream 27 of
27 of 28 nlrp3
28 nlrp3 33 and
28 nlrp3 38 1β/il
29 inflammasome 30 -
29 inflammasome 32 maturation
31 mediated 32 maturation
32 maturation 33 and
33 and 34 secretion
33 and 37 -
33 and 38 1β/il
34 secretion 35 of
35 of 36 il
39 - 40 18

moreover , we show that a synthetic homolog of this signaling peptide ( naclynamide ™ ) administered intravenously twice weekly over a 4 [-] week treatment course induced suppuration and evoked partial or complete resolution of lesions associated with a fibrotic granuloma , a lymphosarcoma , and a colo - rectal carcinoma in canine patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
4 show 30 and
4 show 47 and
6 a 7 synthetic
6 a 8 homolog
7 synthetic 8 homolog
8 homolog 9 of
8 homolog 17 administered
8 homolog 30 and
9 of 12 peptide
10 this 12 peptide
11 signaling 12 peptide
12 peptide 15 ™
13 ( 15 ™
14 naclynamide 15 ™
15 ™ 16 )
17 administered 18 intravenously
17 administered 19 twice
17 administered 20 weekly
17 administered 21 over
21 over 29 suppuration
22 a 29 suppuration
23 4 25 week
25 week 26 treatment
26 treatment 28 induced
27 course 28 induced
28 induced 29 suppuration
30 and 35 resolution
30 and 36 of
30 and 45 lymphosarcoma
31 evoked 35 resolution
32 partial 33 or
33 or 34 complete
33 or 35 resolution
36 of 37 lesions
37 lesions 38 associated
38 associated 39 with
39 with 42 granuloma
40 a 41 fibrotic
40 a 42 granuloma
41 fibrotic 42 granuloma
43 , 45 lymphosarcoma
44 a 45 lymphosarcoma
45 lymphosarcoma 46 ,
47 and 52 carcinoma
48 a 49 colo
48 a 52 carcinoma
49 colo 50 -
49 colo 52 carcinoma
51 rectal 52 carcinoma
52 carcinoma 53 in
53 in 55 patients
54 canine 55 patients

the mode of action for naclynamide ™ as a first [-] in [-] class anti - cancer drug candidate is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mode
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 mode
2 mode 3 of
2 mode 5 for
2 mode 20 is
3 of 4 action
5 for 6 naclynamide
6 naclynamide 7 ™
7 ™ 8 as
8 as 19 candidate
9 a 12 in
10 first 12 in
12 in 19 candidate
14 class 19 candidate
15 anti 16 -
15 anti 17 cancer
17 cancer 19 candidate
18 drug 19 candidate
20 is 21 discussed

objective : to estimate the overall and by age - group characteristics at admission and discharge from rehabilitation between 2001 and 2010 of all late - teens and adults undergoing inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) in the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 estimate
2 : 7 and
3 to 4 estimate
4 estimate 6 overall
5 the 6 overall
7 and 12 characteristics
7 and 31 inpatient
8 by 9 age
8 by 10 -
8 by 12 characteristics
11 group 12 characteristics
12 characteristics 13 at
12 characteristics 23 of
12 characteristics 31 inpatient
13 at 15 and
14 admission 15 and
15 and 16 discharge
15 and 17 from
17 from 18 rehabilitation
18 rehabilitation 21 and
19 between 21 and
20 2001 21 and
21 and 22 2010
23 of 30 undergoing
24 all 30 undergoing
25 late 26 -
25 late 27 teens
27 teens 28 and
28 and 29 adults
28 and 30 undergoing
31 inpatient 32 rehabilitation
31 inpatient 33 for
31 inpatient 44 in
33 for 36 diagnosis
34 a 36 diagnosis
35 primary 36 diagnosis
36 diagnosis 37 of
37 of 40 injury
38 traumatic 39 brain
39 brain 40 injury
40 injury 42 tbi
41 ( 42 tbi
42 tbi 43 )
44 in 47 states
45 the 47 states
46 united 47 states

design : secondary data analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 analysis
3 secondary 4 data
4 data 5 analysis

setting : acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 6 facilities
3 acute 4 inpatient
4 inpatient 6 facilities
5 rehabilitation 6 facilities

participants : patients aged 16 years and older receiving inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of tbi between 2001 and 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 patients
3 patients 4 aged
3 patients 9 receiving
3 patients 16 of
4 aged 7 and
5 16 6 years
6 years 7 and
7 and 8 older
9 receiving 11 rehabilitation
9 receiving 12 for
10 inpatient 11 rehabilitation
12 for 15 diagnosis
13 a 15 diagnosis
14 primary 15 diagnosis
16 of 17 tbi
17 tbi 20 and
18 between 20 and
19 2001 20 and
20 and 21 2010

main outcome measures : functional independence , level of disability , and living situation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 6 independence
5 functional 6 independence
7 , 12 and
8 level 9 of
8 level 12 and
9 of 10 disability
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 situation
13 living 14 situation

results : the incidence of tbi by age [group] found the largest proportion of cases to be aged 80 years and older [,] with a gradual decline in incidence in the age group of 30 years , at which point there was a slight increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 incidence
2 : 7 by
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
5 of 6 tbi
7 by 8 age
8 age 10 found
8 age 13 proportion
8 age 18 aged
11 the 12 largest
11 the 13 proportion
13 proportion 14 of
13 proportion 18 aged
14 of 15 cases
15 cases 16 to
15 cases 17 be
16 to 17 be
18 aged 21 and
18 aged 24 with
18 aged 30 in
19 80 20 years
20 years 21 and
21 and 22 older
24 with 27 decline
25 a 26 gradual
25 a 27 decline
26 gradual 27 decline
27 decline 28 in
28 in 29 incidence
30 in 33 group
31 the 33 group
32 age 33 group
33 group 34 of
34 of 36 years
35 30 36 years
36 years 38 at
37 , 38 at
38 at 39 which
38 at 40 point
38 at 41 there
38 at 42 was
38 at 46 .
39 which 40 point
41 there 42 was
42 was 45 increase
43 a 44 slight
43 a 45 increase
44 slight 45 increase

preinjury alcohol misuse and substance use were found to occur in 22.9 % and 12.2 % of the total population , respectively [;] however , age distributions demonstrated high preinjury use among individuals younger than 50 years ( eg , 46.4 % and 30.6 % for those aged 20 and 29 years , respectively ) [with] decreasing misuse as age increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 misuse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
1 preinjury 3 misuse
2 alcohol 3 misuse
4 and 16 %
5 substance 6 use
5 substance 7 were
5 substance 8 found
6 use 7 were
8 found 9 to
8 found 11 in
9 to 10 occur
11 in 14 and
12 22.9 13 %
12 22.9 14 and
14 and 15 12.2
15 12.2 16 %
16 % 17 of
16 % 26 age
17 of 20 population
18 the 20 population
19 total 20 population
21 , 22 respectively
21 , 24 however
24 however 25 ,
24 however 26 age
26 age 31 use
27 distributions 31 use
28 demonstrated 31 use
29 high 31 use
30 preinjury 31 use
31 use 32 among
31 use 34 younger
31 use 39 eg
32 among 33 individuals
34 younger 35 than
35 than 37 years
36 50 37 years
38 ( 39 eg
39 eg 40 ,
40 , 48 aged
41 46.4 42 %
41 46.4 43 and
43 and 44 30.6
43 and 45 %
45 % 46 for
45 % 48 aged
46 for 47 those
48 aged 52 years
48 aged 53 ,
49 20 50 and
50 and 51 29
50 and 52 years
53 , 54 respectively
54 respectively 55 )
54 respectively 57 decreasing
57 decreasing 58 misuse
58 misuse 61 increased
59 as 60 age
59 as 61 increased
60 age 61 increased
61 increased 62 .

of the total population , 49.2 % were retired , 31.1 % employed , 14.1 % not working , and 5.6 % students . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 retired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 of 4 population
1 of 5 ,
1 of 7 %
2 the 4 population
3 total 4 population
6 49.2 7 %
7 % 8 were
8 were 9 retired
10 , 23 students
11 31.1 12 %
11 31.1 20 and
12 % 13 employed
13 employed 14 ,
13 employed 16 %
13 employed 19 ,
15 14.1 16 %
16 % 17 not
17 not 18 working
20 and 21 5.6
20 and 23 students
22 % 23 students

the trend of person [(] [s] [ )(living alone between pre - and postrehabilitation showed the least amount [of] change for those aged 16 to 19 years with steadily increasing changes as age increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 trend
2 trend 3 of
2 trend 13 and
3 of 8 )(living
4 person 8 )(living
8 )(living 9 alone
9 alone 10 between
10 between 11 pre
12 - 13 and
13 and 14 postrehabilitation
13 and 15 showed
15 showed 17 least
15 showed 20 change
16 the 17 least
18 amount 20 change
20 change 21 for
20 change 28 with
20 change 34 increased
21 for 27 years
22 those 27 years
23 aged 27 years
24 16 25 to
25 to 26 19
25 to 27 years
28 with 30 increasing
29 steadily 30 increasing
30 increasing 31 changes
30 increasing 32 as
32 as 33 age
32 as 34 increased
33 age 34 increased

similar trends were seen for residence changes pre - and postrehabilitation , with the youngest most likely to return to living at a private residence , and a gradual decrease in return to living at a private residence as age increased . 
1 similar 2 trends
2 trends 3 were
3 were 4 seen
4 seen 5 for
5 for 10 and
6 residence 7 changes
7 changes 8 pre
8 pre 10 and
9 - 10 and
10 and 11 postrehabilitation
10 and 12 ,
10 and 13 with
10 and 20 to
13 with 15 youngest
14 the 15 youngest
15 youngest 17 likely
16 most 17 likely
17 likely 18 to
17 likely 19 return
18 to 19 return
20 to 21 living
21 living 22 at
21 living 31 in
21 living 35 at
22 at 27 and
23 a 25 residence
24 private 25 residence
25 residence 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 30 decrease
28 a 30 decrease
29 gradual 30 decrease
31 in 32 return
32 return 33 to
33 to 34 living
35 at 38 residence
36 a 38 residence
37 private 38 residence
38 residence 41 increased
39 as 40 age
39 as 41 increased
40 age 41 increased
41 increased 42 .

fim [instrument] ( " fim " ) motor and cognitive subscale scores demonstrated that younger individuals had lower scores at admission to rehabilitation and higher scores at rehabilitation discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 motor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 discharge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 fim 5 fim
3 ( 4 "
3 ( 5 fim
5 fim 6 "
5 fim 7 )
5 fim 8 motor
9 and 10 cognitive
9 and 13 demonstrated
10 cognitive 11 subscale
10 cognitive 12 scores
10 cognitive 13 demonstrated
11 subscale 12 scores
13 demonstrated 14 that
14 that 16 individuals
14 that 17 had
15 younger 16 individuals
16 individuals 17 had
17 had 19 scores
17 had 22 to
17 had 27 at
17 had 29 discharge
18 lower 19 scores
19 scores 20 at
20 at 21 admission
22 to 24 and
23 rehabilitation 24 and
24 and 26 scores
25 higher 26 scores
27 at 28 rehabilitation

conclusion : this study provides population estimates for all patients 16 years of age and older receiving inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of tbi in the united states between 2001 and 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 provides
2 : 34 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 19 rehabilitation
5 provides 20 for
6 population 7 estimates
7 estimates 8 for
7 estimates 13 of
7 estimates 15 and
8 for 12 years
9 all 12 years
10 patients 12 years
11 16 12 years
13 of 14 age
15 and 16 older
15 and 19 rehabilitation
17 receiving 19 rehabilitation
18 inpatient 19 rehabilitation
20 for 23 diagnosis
21 a 23 diagnosis
22 primary 23 diagnosis
23 diagnosis 24 of
24 of 25 tbi
25 tbi 26 in
25 tbi 30 between
26 in 29 states
27 the 29 states
28 united 29 states
30 between 32 and
31 2001 32 and
32 and 33 2010

a recent trend shows the aging of the inpatient tbi rehabilitation population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 recent
1 a 3 trend
2 recent 3 trend
3 trend 4 shows
4 shows 6 aging
5 the 6 aging
6 aging 7 of
7 of 12 population
8 the 12 population
9 inpatient 12 population
10 tbi 12 population
11 rehabilitation 12 population

many characteristics important to rehabilitation outcomes are influenced by age , with older individuals trending toward being female , having less severe tbis , incurring tbis as a result [of] falls , but showing less improvement during rehabilitation , greater resulting disability , and more changes in their living situation postrehabilitation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 many 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 important
2 characteristics 7 are
3 important 4 to
4 to 6 outcomes
5 rehabilitation 6 outcomes
7 are 8 influenced
8 influenced 9 by
9 by 10 age
11 , 25 incurring
11 , 31 falls
12 with 14 individuals
12 with 15 trending
12 with 25 incurring
13 older 14 individuals
15 trending 16 toward
15 trending 20 having
16 toward 17 being
17 being 18 female
19 , 20 having
20 having 23 tbis
20 having 24 ,
21 less 22 severe
22 severe 23 tbis
25 incurring 26 tbis
25 incurring 31 falls
26 tbis 27 as
27 as 29 result
28 a 29 result
31 falls 33 but
32 , 33 but
33 but 46 changes
33 but 52 .
34 showing 46 changes
35 less 36 improvement
36 improvement 37 during
36 improvement 44 and
37 during 38 rehabilitation
38 rehabilitation 42 disability
39 , 42 disability
40 greater 42 disability
41 resulting 42 disability
42 disability 43 ,
44 and 45 more
44 and 46 changes
46 changes 47 in
47 in 51 postrehabilitation
48 their 51 postrehabilitation
49 living 50 situation
50 situation 51 postrehabilitation

these findings are of particular interest , as the oldest age groups considered in these analyses did not include the baby boom population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 4 of
4 of 6 interest
5 particular 6 interest
7 , 12 groups
7 , 19 include
8 as 11 age
8 as 12 groups
9 the 10 oldest
9 the 11 age
12 groups 13 considered
12 groups 17 did
13 considered 14 in
14 in 16 analyses
15 these 16 analyses
17 did 18 not
17 did 19 include
19 include 23 population
20 the 23 population
21 baby 22 boom
22 boom 23 population

background : to facilitate a systematic , comprehensive description of functioning and to enable the use of the international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) in clinical practice and research , core sets have been developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 12 and
2 : 23 ,
2 : 25 and
3 to 12 and
4 facilitate 9 description
4 facilitate 12 and
5 a 6 systematic
5 a 9 description
6 systematic 7 ,
6 systematic 9 description
8 comprehensive 9 description
9 description 10 of
10 of 11 functioning
12 and 13 to
12 and 14 enable
13 to 14 enable
14 enable 16 use
15 the 16 use
16 use 17 of
16 use 21 of
17 of 20 classification
18 the 20 classification
19 international 20 classification
21 of 22 functioning
23 , 24 disability
25 and 37 sets
25 and 40 developed
26 health 28 icf
27 ( 28 icf
28 icf 29 )
28 icf 30 in
28 icf 33 and
30 in 32 practice
31 clinical 32 practice
33 and 34 research
33 and 35 ,
33 and 37 sets
36 core 37 sets
37 sets 38 have
38 have 39 been
39 been 40 developed

purpose : the aim of this study was to propose a version of the icf core set to classify the physical health of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 17 set
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 propose
9 to 10 propose
10 propose 12 version
10 propose 17 set
11 a 12 version
12 version 13 of
13 of 16 core
14 the 16 core
15 icf 16 core
17 set 18 to
18 to 19 classify
19 classify 22 health
20 the 22 health
21 physical 22 health
22 health 23 of
23 of 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

methods : the proposition of the icf core set was based on the delphi technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 proposition
2 : 11 based
2 : 16 .
3 the 4 proposition
4 proposition 5 of
4 proposition 10 was
5 of 8 core
6 the 8 core
7 icf 8 core
8 core 9 set
10 was 11 based
11 based 12 on
12 on 15 technique
13 the 15 technique
14 delphi 15 technique

the panel of experts included 8 brazilian researchers ( physical therapists , medical doctors , nurses , and physical educators ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 panel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 panel
2 panel 3 of
2 panel 5 included
3 of 4 experts
5 included 8 researchers
6 8 8 researchers
7 brazilian 8 researchers
8 researchers 18 and
9 ( 18 and
10 physical 11 therapists
11 therapists 12 ,
12 , 14 doctors
12 , 15 ,
13 medical 14 doctors
15 , 16 nurses
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 educators
18 and 21 )
19 physical 20 educators

the communication was wholly electronic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 communication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 the 2 communication
2 communication 3 was
3 was 5 electronic
4 wholly 5 electronic

in total , there were 5 rounds of interactivity between the participants to arrive at the final version of the construct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 total
2 total 3 ,
2 total 4 there
4 there 5 were
5 were 7 rounds
5 were 10 between
5 were 13 to
6 5 7 rounds
7 rounds 8 of
8 of 9 interactivity
10 between 12 participants
11 the 12 participants
13 to 14 arrive
14 arrive 15 at
15 at 18 version
16 the 18 version
17 final 18 version
18 version 19 of
19 of 21 construct
20 the 21 construct

results : the icf core set presented 30 categories ( 14 on body functions , 4 on body structures , 9 on activities or participation , and [3] on environmental factors ) and had a cronbach α of 0.964 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 core
2 : 34 had
2 : 40 .
3 the 5 core
4 icf 5 core
5 core 6 set
5 core 33 and
7 presented 9 categories
7 presented 33 and
8 30 9 categories
9 categories 11 14
9 categories 16 4
10 ( 11 14
11 14 12 on
11 14 15 ,
12 on 14 functions
13 body 14 functions
15 , 16 4
16 4 27 and
16 4 32 )
17 on 19 structures
17 on 27 and
18 body 19 structures
19 structures 21 9
20 , 21 9
21 9 22 on
21 9 26 ,
22 on 24 or
23 activities 24 or
24 or 25 participation
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 on
29 on 31 factors
30 environmental 31 factors
33 and 34 had
34 had 37 α
35 a 37 α
36 cronbach 37 α
37 α 38 of
38 of 39 0.964

conclusions : the presented core set is a secure , fast , and accurate instrument for assessing the physical health and engagement of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 set
2 : 7 is
2 : 26 .
3 the 6 set
4 presented 5 core
5 core 6 set
6 set 7 is
7 is 21 and
8 a 11 fast
9 secure 10 ,
9 secure 11 fast
11 fast 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 instrument
13 and 16 for
13 and 21 and
14 accurate 15 instrument
16 for 17 assessing
17 assessing 20 health
18 the 20 health
19 physical 20 health
21 and 22 engagement
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

it defines points related to functioning and health that are relevant when evaluating this population , as well as [when] reevaluating it and monitoring changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 defines
1 it 2 defines
2 defines 7 and
3 points 4 related
3 points 5 to
3 points 7 and
5 to 6 functioning
7 and 8 health
7 and 9 that
7 and 10 are
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 relevant
11 relevant 12 when
11 relevant 19 as
12 when 13 evaluating
13 evaluating 15 population
14 this 15 population
16 , 19 as
17 as 18 well
18 well 19 as
19 as 21 reevaluating
19 as 26 .
21 reevaluating 23 and
22 it 23 and
23 and 25 changes
24 monitoring 25 changes

background : transforming growth factor beta ( tgf - β1 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine , which is deregulated in atherosclerosis ; however the role of age in this process is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 transforming
2 : 12 is
2 : 22 ;
2 : 33 .
3 transforming 6 beta
3 transforming 12 is
4 growth 6 beta
5 factor 6 beta
6 beta 8 tgf
6 beta 10 β1
7 ( 8 tgf
8 tgf 9 -
9 - 10 β1
10 β1 11 )
12 is 15 cytokine
13 a 14 pleiotropic
13 a 15 cytokine
14 pleiotropic 15 cytokine
15 cytokine 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 is
17 which 22 ;
18 is 19 deregulated
19 deregulated 20 in
20 in 21 atherosclerosis
22 ; 25 role
23 however 25 role
24 the 25 role
25 role 26 of
25 role 28 in
25 role 31 is
26 of 27 age
28 in 30 process
29 this 30 process
31 is 32 unknown

we aimed to assess whether tgf [-] β1 signaling is affected by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 5 whether
5 whether 8 β1
5 whether 11 affected
6 tgf 8 β1
8 β1 9 signaling
8 β1 10 is
10 is 11 affected
11 affected 12 by
12 by 13 age

methods : vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmc ) were obtained from patients undergoing abdominal surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 vascular
3 vascular 6 cells
3 vascular 14 undergoing
4 smooth 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 cells
6 cells 8 vsmc
6 cells 10 were
7 ( 8 vsmc
8 vsmc 9 )
10 were 11 obtained
11 obtained 12 from
12 from 13 patients
13 patients 14 undergoing
14 undergoing 16 surgery
15 abdominal 16 surgery

levels of tgf - β1 were measured by elisa in sera from 169 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 β1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 levels 5 β1
2 of 3 tgf
2 of 4 -
2 of 5 β1
5 β1 6 were
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 by
8 by 9 elisa
9 elisa 10 in
9 elisa 12 from
9 elisa 15 undergoing
10 in 11 sera
12 from 14 patients
13 169 14 patients
15 undergoing 19 grafting
16 coronary 19 grafting
17 artery 19 grafting
18 bypass 19 grafting
19 grafting 21 cabg
20 ( 21 cabg
21 cabg 22 )

the p27 expression was determined by western [blot] from internal mammary arteries ( ima ) obtained from cabg patients ( n=13 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 expression
2 p27 3 expression
3 expression 4 was
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
6 by 7 western
7 western 9 from
7 western 16 obtained
7 western 17 from
7 western 21 n=13
9 from 12 arteries
10 internal 12 arteries
11 mammary 12 arteries
12 arteries 14 ima
13 ( 14 ima
14 ima 15 )
17 from 19 patients
18 cabg 19 patients
20 ( 21 n=13
21 n=13 22 )

in vsmc from these patients undergoing abdominal surgery , secretion of tgf - β1 was determined by elisa of cell [-] conditioned media . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 vsmc
1 in 15 was
2 vsmc 3 from
3 from 5 patients
4 these 5 patients
5 patients 6 undergoing
6 undergoing 8 surgery
7 abdominal 8 surgery
8 surgery 10 secretion
9 , 10 secretion
10 secretion 11 of
10 secretion 13 -
11 of 12 tgf
14 β1 15 was
15 was 16 determined
16 determined 17 by
17 by 18 elisa
18 elisa 19 of
19 of 23 media
20 cell 22 conditioned
22 conditioned 23 media

results : in vsmc from aged patients we observed a lower tgf - β1 secretion , measured as tgf - β1 concentration in cell conditioned medium [(] p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 17 measured
3 in 4 vsmc
4 vsmc 5 from
4 vsmc 8 we
4 vsmc 9 observed
5 from 7 patients
6 aged 7 patients
8 we 9 observed
9 observed 12 tgf
10 a 12 tgf
11 lower 12 tgf
12 tgf 15 secretion
13 - 15 secretion
14 β1 15 secretion
15 secretion 16 ,
17 measured 18 as
18 as 19 tgf
19 tgf 22 concentration
20 - 22 concentration
21 β1 22 concentration
22 concentration 23 in
22 concentration 29 )
23 in 28 p<0.001
24 cell 28 p<0.001
25 conditioned 26 medium
26 medium 28 p<0.001

this effect was correlated to an age - dependent decrease of p27 expression in ima from aged cabg patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 effect
2 effect 3 was
3 was 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 to
5 to 7 age
6 an 7 age
8 - 10 decrease
9 dependent 10 decrease
10 decrease 11 of
11 of 13 expression
12 p27 13 expression
13 expression 14 in
14 in 15 ima
15 ima 16 from
16 from 19 patients
17 aged 19 patients
18 cabg 19 patients

in a similar manner , there was an age - dependent decrease of serum tgf - β1 levels in cabg patients ( p=0.0195 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 manner
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 there
2 a 3 similar
2 a 4 manner
3 similar 4 manner
6 there 7 was
7 was 9 age
8 an 9 age
9 age 12 decrease
9 age 18 levels
10 - 12 decrease
11 dependent 12 decrease
12 decrease 13 of
12 decrease 16 -
13 of 15 tgf
14 serum 15 tgf
16 - 18 levels
17 β1 18 levels
18 levels 19 in
18 levels 24 )
19 in 21 patients
20 cabg 21 patients
21 patients 23 p=0.0195
22 ( 23 p=0.0195
23 p=0.0195 24 )

conclusions : vsmc from aged patients showed a higher degree of cellular senescence and it was associated to a lower tgf - β1 secretion and signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 vsmc
2 : 7 showed
2 : 14 and
2 : 22 -
3 vsmc 4 from
3 vsmc 7 showed
4 from 6 patients
5 aged 6 patients
7 showed 13 senescence
8 a 10 degree
9 higher 10 degree
10 degree 11 of
10 degree 13 senescence
11 of 13 senescence
12 cellular 13 senescence
14 and 15 it
14 and 17 associated
15 it 16 was
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 to
18 to 21 tgf
19 a 21 tgf
20 lower 21 tgf
22 - 25 and
23 β1 24 secretion
24 secretion 25 and
25 and 26 signaling

background : prospective memory , or remembering to do things in the future , is crucial for independent living in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 6 or
2 : 8 to
3 prospective 4 memory
4 memory 6 or
5 , 6 or
6 or 7 remembering
8 to 14 ,
9 do 10 things
9 do 14 ,
10 things 11 in
11 in 13 future
12 the 13 future
14 , 15 is
15 is 16 crucial
16 crucial 17 for
16 crucial 20 in
17 for 19 living
18 independent 19 living
20 in 22 age
21 old 22 age

although there is evidence of substantial age - related deficits in memory for intentions , older adults have demonstrated the ability to compensate for their deficits in everyday life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 is
1 although 17 adults
2 there 3 is
3 is 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 of
5 of 7 age
6 substantial 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 deficits
9 related 11 in
9 related 15 ,
9 related 17 adults
11 in 12 memory
12 memory 13 for
13 for 14 intentions
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 have
18 have 19 demonstrated
19 demonstrated 21 ability
20 the 21 ability
21 ability 22 to
21 ability 23 compensate
22 to 23 compensate
23 compensate 24 for
24 for 26 deficits
25 their 26 deficits
26 deficits 27 in
27 in 29 life
28 everyday 29 life

the present study investigated feedback as a strategy for facilitating prospective memory in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 feedback
4 investigated 6 as
6 as 8 strategy
7 a 8 strategy
8 strategy 9 for
9 for 10 facilitating
10 facilitating 12 memory
10 facilitating 13 in
11 prospective 12 memory
13 in 15 elderly
14 the 15 elderly

method : young and older adults played a computer - based task , virtual week , [in] which they had to remember to carry out life - like intentions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 played
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 young
4 and 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 played
7 played 9 computer
8 a 9 computer
9 computer 11 based
9 computer 18 which
10 - 11 based
12 task 15 week
13 , 15 week
14 virtual 15 week
15 week 16 ,
16 , 18 which
18 which 24 carry
18 which 30 .
19 they 20 had
20 had 21 to
21 to 22 remember
22 remember 23 to
22 remember 24 carry
23 to 24 carry
24 carry 26 life
24 carry 28 like
25 out 26 life
27 - 28 like
28 like 29 intentions
28 like 30 .

after each virtual day , specific feedback on prospective memory performance was automatically provided on the computer screen that participants either proceeded through by themselves ( [non] [-] social feedback ) or were [taken] through by an experimenter ( social feedback ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 feedback
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 after 4 day
1 after 5 ,
1 after 7 feedback
2 each 4 day
3 virtual 4 day
6 specific 7 feedback
7 feedback 8 on
7 feedback 32 or
8 on 11 performance
9 prospective 10 memory
10 memory 11 performance
12 was 14 provided
12 was 32 or
13 automatically 14 provided
14 provided 15 on
15 on 18 screen
16 the 18 screen
17 computer 18 screen
18 screen 19 that
18 screen 23 through
18 screen 24 by
18 screen 30 feedback
19 that 20 participants
19 that 22 proceeded
20 participants 22 proceeded
21 either 22 proceeded
22 proceeded 23 through
24 by 25 themselves
26 ( 30 feedback
29 social 30 feedback
30 feedback 31 )
32 or 33 were
33 were 35 through
35 through 36 by
36 by 38 experimenter
37 an 38 experimenter
38 experimenter 41 feedback
39 ( 41 feedback
40 social 41 feedback
41 feedback 42 )

the control group received no feedback . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 4 received
4 received 6 feedback
5 no 6 feedback

results : we found that , compared with no [-] feedback group , only social feedback substantially reduced the age [-] related deficit in prospective memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 6 ,
2 : 13 ,
2 : 27 .
3 we 6 ,
4 found 5 that
4 found 6 ,
6 , 7 compared
6 , 8 with
8 with 12 group
9 no 12 group
11 feedback 12 group
13 , 14 only
13 , 18 reduced
14 only 16 feedback
15 social 16 feedback
16 feedback 18 reduced
17 substantially 18 reduced
18 reduced 23 deficit
18 reduced 24 in
19 the 23 deficit
20 age 22 related
22 related 23 deficit
24 in 26 memory
25 prospective 26 memory

older adults significantly benefited from feedback provided by the experimenter on the tasks of intermediate difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 benefited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 benefited
3 significantly 4 benefited
4 benefited 5 from
5 from 6 feedback
6 feedback 7 provided
7 provided 8 by
7 provided 11 on
8 by 10 experimenter
9 the 10 experimenter
11 on 13 tasks
12 the 13 tasks
13 tasks 14 of
14 of 16 difficulty
15 intermediate 16 difficulty

unexpectedly , prospective memory with [non] [-] social feedback was not only worse than with social feedback , but it was not any better than without any feedback at all . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 unexpectedly 2 ,
1 unexpectedly 4 memory
3 prospective 4 memory
4 memory 5 with
4 memory 10 was
5 with 9 feedback
8 social 9 feedback
10 was 11 not
10 was 12 only
10 was 13 worse
13 worse 14 than
14 than 15 with
15 with 17 feedback
16 social 17 feedback
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 it
19 but 21 was
20 it 21 was
21 was 22 not
21 was 23 any
23 any 24 better
24 better 25 than
24 better 29 at
25 than 26 without
26 without 28 feedback
27 any 28 feedback
29 at 30 all

conclusions : the results extended previous findings on the effectiveness of feedback in improving the memory performance of older adults to include memory for intentions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 extended
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 extended
5 extended 7 findings
5 extended 8 on
5 extended 13 in
6 previous 7 findings
8 on 10 effectiveness
9 the 10 effectiveness
10 effectiveness 11 of
11 of 12 feedback
13 in 14 improving
14 improving 17 performance
15 the 17 performance
16 memory 17 performance
17 performance 18 of
17 performance 21 to
17 performance 22 include
18 of 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 to 22 include
22 include 23 memory
23 memory 24 for
24 for 25 intentions

despite the feedback meeting the critical recommendations of being specific , objective , and well - targeted , it was ineffective when the feedback displayed on the computer was not introduced by the experimenter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 despite 14 and
1 despite 18 ,
1 despite 19 it
2 the 3 feedback
3 feedback 4 meeting
3 feedback 8 of
3 feedback 11 ,
4 meeting 7 recommendations
5 the 7 recommendations
6 critical 7 recommendations
8 of 9 being
9 being 10 specific
11 , 12 objective
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 well
14 and 17 targeted
16 - 17 targeted
17 targeted 18 ,
19 it 20 was
20 was 21 ineffective
21 ineffective 22 when
21 ineffective 32 by
22 when 24 feedback
22 when 31 introduced
23 the 24 feedback
24 feedback 25 displayed
24 feedback 29 was
25 displayed 26 on
26 on 28 computer
27 the 28 computer
29 was 30 not
29 was 31 introduced
32 by 34 experimenter
33 the 34 experimenter

this has implications for computerized training tasks where automated feedback is considered crucial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 has
2 has 3 implications
2 has 8 where
3 implications 4 for
4 for 7 tasks
5 computerized 6 training
6 training 7 tasks
8 where 10 feedback
8 where 12 considered
9 automated 10 feedback
10 feedback 11 is
11 is 12 considered
12 considered 13 crucial

the β - amyloid precursor protein undergoes cleavages by β - and [γ] [-] secretasses yielding amyloid - β peptides ( aβ ) that accumulate in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 undergoes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 6 protein
2 β 3 -
2 β 4 amyloid
4 amyloid 6 protein
5 precursor 6 protein
6 protein 7 undergoes
7 undergoes 8 cleavages
7 undergoes 9 by
7 undergoes 26 in
9 by 12 and
10 β 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 15 secretasses
12 and 16 yielding
12 and 24 that
12 and 25 accumulate
16 yielding 20 peptides
17 amyloid 18 -
17 amyloid 19 β
19 β 20 peptides
20 peptides 22 aβ
21 ( 22 aβ
22 aβ 23 )
24 that 25 accumulate
26 in 29 disease
27 alzheimer 28 's
28 's 29 disease

subsequently , aβ peptides are targets of additional truncations or endoproteolytic cleavages explaining the diversity of aβ - related fragments recovered in cell media or pathologic human fluids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 peptides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 4 peptides
3 aβ 4 peptides
4 peptides 5 are
5 are 6 targets
6 targets 7 of
6 targets 16 of
7 of 10 or
8 additional 9 truncations
9 truncations 10 or
10 or 12 cleavages
10 or 13 explaining
11 endoproteolytic 12 cleavages
13 explaining 15 diversity
14 the 15 diversity
16 of 17 aβ
18 - 19 related
19 related 20 fragments
19 related 22 in
20 fragments 21 recovered
22 in 25 or
23 cell 24 media
24 media 25 or
25 or 28 fluids
26 pathologic 28 fluids
27 human 28 fluids

here , [we] focused on aβ1 - 34 ( aβ34 ) that has been detected both in vitro and in vivo and [that] derives from the hydrolysis of aβ by β - secretase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 12 that
2 , 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
4 focused 11 )
4 focused 12 that
5 on 6 aβ1
6 aβ1 8 34
7 - 8 34
8 34 10 aβ34
8 34 11 )
9 ( 10 aβ34
10 aβ34 11 )
12 that 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 22 and
15 detected 16 both
15 detected 19 and
15 detected 22 and
17 in 18 vitro
18 vitro 19 and
19 and 21 vivo
20 in 21 vivo
22 and 24 derives
24 derives 25 from
24 derives 30 by
25 from 27 hydrolysis
26 the 27 hydrolysis
27 hydrolysis 28 of
28 of 29 aβ
30 by 33 secretase
31 β 32 -
31 β 33 secretase

we have obtained and fully characterized by immunologic and biochemical approaches , a polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the [c] [-] terminus of aβx - 34 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 and
3 obtained 4 and
4 and 6 characterized
4 and 7 by
5 fully 6 characterized
7 by 11 approaches
8 immunologic 9 and
9 and 10 biochemical
9 and 11 approaches
12 , 15 antibody
12 , 18 recognizes
12 , 25 -
13 a 15 antibody
14 polyclonal 15 antibody
15 antibody 18 recognizes
16 that 17 specifically
17 specifically 18 recognizes
18 recognizes 22 terminus
19 the 22 terminus
22 terminus 23 of
23 of 24 aβx
25 - 26 34
25 - 27 .

we present immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of aβx - 34 in the brain of 3xtg mice and alzheimer 's disease - affected human brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 4 evidence
3 immunohistochemical 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 for
4 evidence 8 of
5 for 7 presence
6 the 7 presence
8 of 9 aβx
9 aβx 11 34
10 - 11 34
11 34 12 in
11 34 15 of
11 34 22 -
12 in 14 brain
13 the 14 brain
15 of 18 and
16 3xtg 17 mice
17 mice 18 and
18 and 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
22 - 25 brains
23 affected 25 brains
24 human 25 brains

finally , we demonstrate a neprilysin - mediated degradation process of aβ34 and the ability of synthetic aβ34 to protect hek cells overexpressing either wild type or swedish - mutated β - amyloid precursor protein from apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 6 neprilysin
4 demonstrate 30 mutated
5 a 6 neprilysin
6 neprilysin 13 and
6 neprilysin 30 mutated
7 - 13 and
8 mediated 9 degradation
9 degradation 10 process
10 process 11 of
10 process 13 and
11 of 12 aβ34
13 and 15 ability
13 and 16 of
13 and 19 to
13 and 23 overexpressing
13 and 29 -
14 the 15 ability
16 of 18 aβ34
17 synthetic 18 aβ34
19 to 20 protect
20 protect 22 cells
21 hek 22 cells
22 cells 23 overexpressing
23 overexpressing 27 or
24 either 26 type
25 wild 26 type
26 type 27 or
27 or 28 swedish
30 mutated 35 protein
31 β 32 -
31 β 33 amyloid
33 amyloid 35 protein
34 precursor 35 protein
35 protein 36 from
36 from 37 apoptosis

objectives : our study aimed at determining the interaction between the prognostic value of diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) and aortic atherosclerosis ( ats ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 at
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
6 at 7 determining
7 determining 9 interaction
7 determining 10 between
8 the 9 interaction
10 between 21 and
11 the 13 value
12 prognostic 13 value
13 value 14 of
13 value 21 and
14 of 17 pressure
15 diastolic 16 blood
16 blood 17 pressure
17 pressure 19 dbp
18 ( 19 dbp
19 dbp 20 )
21 and 23 atherosclerosis
21 and 25 ats
22 aortic 23 atherosclerosis
24 ( 25 ats
25 ats 26 )

background : with aging , equal systolic blood pressures ( sbps ) become associated with low dbps ; i.e . [,] high pulse pressures ( pps ) become associated with a high risk of cardiovascular death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 pressures
2 : 13 become
2 : 18 ;
2 : 19 i.e
2 : 20 .
3 with 4 aging
3 with 5 ,
3 with 9 pressures
6 equal 9 pressures
7 systolic 8 blood
8 blood 9 pressures
9 pressures 11 sbps
9 pressures 13 become
10 ( 11 sbps
11 sbps 12 )
13 become 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 dbps
16 low 17 dbps
18 ; 19 i.e
20 . 24 pressures
20 . 28 become
20 . 37 .
22 high 23 pulse
23 pulse 24 pressures
24 pressures 26 pps
24 pressures 28 become
25 ( 26 pps
26 pps 27 )
28 become 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 33 risk
31 a 33 risk
32 high 33 risk
33 risk 34 of
34 of 36 death
35 cardiovascular 36 death

this association is usually ascribed to aortic stiffening with age but the precise impact of low dbp per se is yet uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 association
2 association 3 is
3 is 4 usually
3 is 6 to
3 is 9 with
4 usually 5 ascribed
6 to 8 stiffening
7 aortic 8 stiffening
9 with 10 age
11 but 14 impact
11 but 20 is
12 the 14 impact
13 precise 14 impact
14 impact 15 of
14 impact 20 is
15 of 17 dbp
16 low 17 dbp
18 per 19 se
19 se 20 is
20 is 21 yet
20 is 22 uncertain

methods : 938 hypertensive patients recruited in the seventies had an aortic ats score at pretreatment aortography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 patients
2 : 14 score
2 : 18 .
3 938 5 patients
4 hypertensive 5 patients
5 patients 6 recruited
5 patients 7 in
5 patients 10 had
7 in 9 seventies
8 the 9 seventies
10 had 13 ats
10 had 14 score
11 an 12 aortic
11 an 13 ats
12 aortic 13 ats
14 score 15 at
15 at 17 aortography
16 pretreatment 17 aortography

all - [cause] and cardiovascular deaths were assessed 20 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 4 and
2 - 4 and
4 and 6 deaths
4 and 7 were
5 cardiovascular 6 deaths
7 were 8 assessed
8 assessed 11 later
9 20 10 years
10 years 11 later

the prognostic values of dbp and sbp were assessed by a multivariate cox regression model and their interactions with ats examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 values
2 prognostic 3 values
3 values 4 of
3 values 8 were
4 of 7 sbp
5 dbp 6 and
6 and 7 sbp
8 were 9 assessed
9 assessed 10 by
9 assessed 19 with
10 by 16 and
11 a 15 model
12 multivariate 14 regression
13 cox 14 regression
14 regression 15 model
15 model 16 and
16 and 18 interactions
17 their 18 interactions
19 with 20 ats
20 ats 21 examined

results : in the presence of ats , an increase of 10 mmhg in dbp was associated with a protective effect : hazard ratios 0.84 [ 0.72 - 0.99 ] for cardiovascular death [and] 0.88 [ 0.78 - 1.00 ] for all - cause death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 presence
4 the 5 presence
5 presence 6 of
6 of 7 ats
8 , 10 increase
8 , 17 associated
8 , 22 :
9 an 10 increase
10 increase 11 of
10 increase 16 was
11 of 13 mmhg
12 10 13 mmhg
13 mmhg 14 in
14 in 15 dbp
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 effect
19 a 20 protective
19 a 21 effect
20 protective 21 effect
22 : 23 hazard
22 : 43 -
23 hazard 24 ratios
23 hazard 28 -
23 hazard 31 for
23 hazard 41 for
24 ratios 25 0.84
26 [ 28 -
27 0.72 28 -
28 - 29 0.99
28 - 30 ]
31 for 33 death
32 cardiovascular 33 death
33 death 35 0.88
33 death 38 -
36 [ 38 -
37 0.78 38 -
38 - 39 1.00
38 - 40 ]
41 for 42 all
43 - 44 cause
43 - 46 .
44 cause 45 death

however , in the absence of ats , dbp had no prognostic value : hazard ratios 1.05 [ 0.89 - 1.23 ] for cardiovascular death and 0.99 [ 0.88 - 1.11 ] [for] all - cause death ( [p] for interaction : 0.061 and 0.087 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 dbp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 however 9 dbp
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 absence
3 in 8 ,
3 in 9 dbp
4 the 5 absence
5 absence 6 of
6 of 7 ats
9 dbp 10 had
10 had 13 value
11 no 13 value
12 prognostic 13 value
14 : 15 hazard
14 : 26 and
15 hazard 16 ratios
15 hazard 20 -
15 hazard 23 for
16 ratios 17 1.05
18 [ 20 -
19 0.89 20 -
20 - 21 1.23
20 - 22 ]
23 for 25 death
24 cardiovascular 25 death
26 and 27 0.99
26 and 35 -
27 0.99 30 -
28 [ 30 -
29 0.88 30 -
30 - 31 1.11
30 - 32 ]
34 all 35 -
35 - 36 cause
36 cause 37 death
36 cause 40 for
38 ( 40 for
40 for 41 interaction
41 interaction 42 :
42 : 44 and
42 : 47 respectively
43 0.061 44 and
44 and 45 0.087
46 , 47 respectively
47 respectively 48 )

no interaction was found between sbp and ats ( [p] for interaction [>] 0.40 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 no 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 between
4 found 11 for
5 between 7 and
6 sbp 7 and
7 and 8 ats
9 ( 11 for
11 for 12 interaction
11 for 15 )
12 interaction 14 0.40

conclusions : the prognostic values of dbp and aortic atheroma are not superimposable ; yet , they are tightly connected : a low dbp is disadvantageous only in the presence of a pathologic aorta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 11 are
2 : 14 ;
2 : 21 :
3 the 5 values
4 prognostic 5 values
5 values 6 of
5 values 8 and
6 of 7 dbp
8 and 10 atheroma
8 and 11 are
9 aortic 10 atheroma
11 are 12 not
11 are 13 superimposable
12 not 13 superimposable
14 ; 17 they
14 ; 20 connected
15 yet 16 ,
15 yet 17 they
17 they 18 are
18 are 19 tightly
18 are 20 connected
21 : 24 dbp
21 : 25 is
21 : 35 .
22 a 24 dbp
23 low 24 dbp
24 dbp 25 is
25 is 26 disadvantageous
26 disadvantageous 27 only
27 only 28 in
28 in 30 presence
29 the 30 presence
30 presence 31 of
31 of 34 aorta
32 a 34 aorta
33 pathologic 34 aorta

aortic atherosclerosis may explain , at least [partly] , in some high risk populations , [the] j - shape of the already reported dbp - outcome relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 atherosclerosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 aortic 2 atherosclerosis
2 atherosclerosis 3 may
3 may 4 explain
4 explain 7 least
4 explain 10 in
4 explain 19 shape
5 , 7 least
6 at 7 least
7 least 9 ,
9 , 10 in
10 in 14 populations
10 in 18 -
11 some 14 populations
12 high 14 populations
13 risk 14 populations
14 populations 17 j
15 , 17 j
17 j 18 -
19 shape 20 of
20 of 24 dbp
21 the 24 dbp
22 already 23 reported
23 reported 24 dbp
25 - 27 relationship
25 - 28 .
26 outcome 27 relationship

this article describes and introduces a new innovative tool for bioethics education : a rock opera on the ethics of genetics written by two academics and a drummer legend . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 4 and
2 article 10 for
2 article 26 and
3 describes 4 and
4 and 5 introduces
5 introduces 9 tool
6 a 7 new
6 a 9 tool
7 new 9 tool
8 innovative 9 tool
10 for 11 bioethics
11 bioethics 12 education
11 bioethics 22 written
12 education 13 :
13 : 16 opera
14 a 15 rock
14 a 16 opera
15 rock 16 opera
16 opera 17 on
16 opera 20 of
16 opera 22 written
17 on 19 ethics
18 the 19 ethics
20 of 21 genetics
22 written 23 by
23 by 25 academics
24 two 25 academics
26 and 29 legend
27 a 29 legend
28 drummer 29 legend

the origin of the idea , the characters and their development , and the themes and approaches as well as initial responses to the music and the show are described , and the various educational usages are explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 origin
2 origin 3 of
2 origin 6 ,
3 of 5 idea
4 the 5 idea
6 , 8 characters
6 , 9 and
7 the 8 characters
9 and 11 development
9 and 13 and
10 their 11 development
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 themes
13 and 16 and
14 the 15 themes
16 and 17 approaches
16 and 18 as
16 and 30 described
16 and 32 and
18 as 19 well
20 as 26 and
20 as 30 described
21 initial 22 responses
22 responses 23 to
22 responses 26 and
23 to 25 music
24 the 25 music
26 and 28 show
26 and 29 are
27 the 28 show
29 are 30 described
30 described 31 ,
31 , 32 and
32 and 36 usages
32 and 37 are
33 the 36 usages
34 various 36 usages
35 educational 36 usages
37 are 38 explored

background : as the population ages , the burden on the healthcare system might increase and require changed public health priorities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 burden
2 : 16 and
2 : 22 .
3 as 5 population
3 as 6 ages
3 as 7 ,
3 as 9 burden
4 the 5 population
5 population 6 ages
8 the 9 burden
9 burden 10 on
9 burden 14 might
10 on 13 system
11 the 13 system
12 healthcare 13 system
14 might 16 and
15 increase 16 and
16 and 17 require
16 and 21 priorities
17 require 20 health
18 changed 20 health
19 public 20 health

as infections are often more severe at older age , we rank notifiable infectious diseases ( id ) and describe trends of id among the general population aged ≥65 years in norway in order to inform public health priorities for the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 as 2 infections
1 as 3 are
1 as 10 ,
1 as 11 we
2 infections 3 are
3 are 4 often
3 are 6 severe
5 more 6 severe
6 severe 7 at
7 at 9 age
8 older 9 age
11 we 19 and
12 rank 15 diseases
12 rank 19 and
13 notifiable 15 diseases
14 infectious 15 diseases
15 diseases 17 id
16 ( 17 id
17 id 18 )
19 and 20 describe
19 and 24 among
19 and 30 years
20 describe 21 trends
21 trends 22 of
22 of 23 id
24 among 27 population
25 the 27 population
26 general 27 population
27 population 28 aged
28 aged 29 ≥65
30 years 31 in
31 in 32 norway
32 norway 33 in
33 in 34 order
34 order 35 to
34 order 36 inform
35 to 36 inform
36 inform 39 priorities
37 public 39 priorities
38 health 39 priorities
39 priorities 40 for
40 for 43 population
41 the 43 population
42 aging 43 population

methods : we included all eligible cases of the 58 ids notified between 1993 and 2011 ( n = 223,758 ; 12 % ≥65 years [ )(and determined annual notification rates as the number of notified cases divided by the number of inhabitants of the corresponding year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 included
2 : 21 ;
2 : 48 .
3 we 4 included
4 included 7 cases
4 included 19 =
5 all 7 cases
6 eligible 7 cases
7 cases 8 of
8 of 11 ids
9 the 10 58
10 58 11 ids
11 ids 12 notified
12 notified 13 between
13 between 15 and
14 1993 15 and
15 and 16 2011
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 223,758
21 ; 23 %
21 ; 24 ≥65
22 12 23 %
23 % 24 ≥65
24 ≥65 27 )(and
24 ≥65 32 as
25 years 27 )(and
27 )(and 31 rates
28 determined 29 annual
29 annual 31 rates
30 notification 31 rates
32 as 37 cases
33 the 34 number
34 number 35 of
34 number 37 cases
35 of 37 cases
36 notified 37 cases
37 cases 38 divided
37 cases 39 by
37 cases 42 of
39 by 41 number
40 the 41 number
42 of 43 inhabitants
43 inhabitants 44 of
44 of 47 year
45 the 47 year
46 corresponding 47 year

we ranked diseases using their average annual notification rate for 2007 - 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ranked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 ranked
2 ranked 3 diseases
3 diseases 4 using
4 using 9 rate
5 their 9 rate
6 average 7 annual
7 annual 9 rate
8 notification 9 rate
9 rate 10 for
10 for 12 -
11 2007 12 -
12 - 13 2011

trends in notification rates from 1993 onwards were determined with a [non] [-] parametric test [for] trend . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 trends 2 in
1 trends 8 were
2 in 4 rates
3 notification 4 rates
4 rates 5 from
5 from 6 1993
7 onwards 8 were
8 were 9 determined
9 determined 10 with
10 with 17 trend
11 a 17 trend
14 parametric 15 test
15 test 17 trend

using notification rate ratios ( nrr ) , we compared results in those aged ≥65 years to those aged 20 - 64 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 using 4 ratios
1 using 8 ,
1 using 9 we
2 notification 4 ratios
3 rate 4 ratios
4 ratios 6 nrr
5 ( 6 nrr
6 nrr 7 )
9 we 10 compared
10 compared 11 results
11 results 12 in
11 results 17 to
12 in 16 years
13 those 16 years
14 aged 15 ≥65
15 ≥65 16 years
17 to 23 years
18 those 23 years
19 aged 23 years
20 20 21 -
21 - 22 64
21 - 23 years

results : invasive pneumococcal disease was the most common id among the population ≥65 years ( notification rate 58/100,000 ) , followed by pertussis ( 54/100,000 ) and campylobacteriosis ( 30/100,000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 disease
2 : 6 was
2 : 33 .
3 invasive 5 disease
4 pneumococcal 5 disease
5 disease 6 was
6 was 28 and
7 the 8 most
8 most 10 id
9 common 10 id
10 id 11 among
10 id 28 and
11 among 15 years
12 the 15 years
13 population 15 years
14 ≥65 15 years
15 years 19 58/100,000
15 years 22 followed
16 ( 19 58/100,000
17 notification 19 58/100,000
18 rate 19 58/100,000
19 58/100,000 20 )
21 , 22 followed
22 followed 23 by
22 followed 27 )
23 by 24 pertussis
24 pertussis 26 54/100,000
25 ( 26 54/100,000
26 54/100,000 27 )
28 and 29 campylobacteriosis
28 and 31 30/100,000
30 ( 31 30/100,000
31 30/100,000 32 )

most id notification rates did not change over time , though the notification rate of symptomatic mrsa infections increased from 1/100,000 in 1995 ( first year [of] notification ) to 14/100,000 in 2011.overall , fewer cases were notified among the population ≥65 years compared to 20 - 64 year olds ( nrr [=] 0.73 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 notified
1 most 2 id
1 most 7 change
1 most 38 notified
2 id 3 notification
2 id 4 rates
2 id 5 did
3 notification 4 rates
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 change
7 change 8 over
8 over 9 time
9 time 36 cases
9 time 37 were
10 , 11 though
11 though 14 rate
11 though 19 increased
11 though 34 ,
11 though 36 cases
12 the 14 rate
13 notification 14 rate
14 rate 15 of
14 rate 19 increased
15 of 18 infections
16 symptomatic 18 infections
17 mrsa 18 infections
19 increased 20 from
19 increased 22 in
19 increased 30 to
19 increased 32 in
20 from 21 1/100,000
22 in 23 1995
23 1995 28 notification
24 ( 28 notification
25 first 28 notification
26 year 28 notification
28 notification 29 )
30 to 31 14/100,000
32 in 33 2011.overall
35 fewer 36 cases
36 cases 37 were
38 notified 39 among
38 notified 43 years
38 notified 45 to
39 among 41 population
40 the 41 population
42 ≥65 43 years
43 years 44 compared
45 to 46 20
46 20 50 olds
47 - 50 olds
48 64 50 olds
49 year 50 olds
50 olds 52 nrr
50 olds 56 .
51 ( 52 nrr
52 nrr 54 0.73
52 nrr 55 )

the nrr of each of the invasive bacterial diseases and antibiotic - resistant infections were above 1.5 ( i.e [.] more common in ≥65 ) [,] while the nrr of each food - and waterborne disease , blood - borne disease/sti [and] [(] [non] - invasive ) vaccine preventable disease was below 1 . 
1 the 2 nrr
2 nrr 3 of
2 nrr 10 and
3 of 4 each
4 each 5 of
5 of 9 diseases
6 the 9 diseases
7 invasive 9 diseases
8 bacterial 9 diseases
10 and 14 infections
10 and 15 were
11 antibiotic 12 -
11 antibiotic 14 infections
13 resistant 14 infections
15 were 16 above
15 were 27 while
16 above 17 1.5
17 1.5 19 i.e
18 ( 19 i.e
19 i.e 22 common
19 i.e 25 )
21 more 22 common
22 common 23 in
23 in 24 ≥65
27 while 34 and
27 while 38 blood
28 the 29 nrr
29 nrr 30 of
29 nrr 34 and
30 of 32 food
31 each 32 food
33 - 34 and
34 and 36 disease
34 and 37 ,
34 and 38 blood
35 waterborne 36 disease
38 blood 40 borne
38 blood 41 disease/sti
39 - 40 borne
41 disease/sti 48 vaccine
45 - 48 vaccine
46 invasive 47 )
46 invasive 48 vaccine
48 vaccine 50 disease
48 vaccine 51 was
48 vaccine 54 .
49 preventable 50 disease
50 disease 51 was
51 was 52 below
52 below 53 1

conclusions : based on our results , we emphasise the importance of focusing public health efforts for those ≥65 years on preventing invasive bacterial infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 based
3 based 4 on
4 on 6 results
5 our 6 results
7 , 8 we
7 , 9 emphasise
8 we 9 emphasise
9 emphasise 11 importance
9 emphasise 21 on
10 the 11 importance
11 importance 12 of
11 importance 17 for
12 of 13 focusing
13 focusing 16 efforts
14 public 16 efforts
15 health 16 efforts
17 for 20 years
18 those 20 years
19 ≥65 20 years
21 on 22 preventing
22 preventing 25 infections
23 invasive 25 infections
24 bacterial 25 infections

this can be achieved by increasing pneumococcal and influenza vaccine uptake , and risk communication including encouraging those aged ≥65 years and their caretakers to seek healthcare at signs of systemic infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 achieved
4 achieved 5 by
4 achieved 7 pneumococcal
5 by 6 increasing
8 and 13 and
8 and 19 aged
9 influenza 10 vaccine
10 vaccine 11 uptake
11 uptake 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 including
13 and 17 encouraging
13 and 19 aged
14 risk 15 communication
15 communication 16 including
17 encouraging 18 those
19 aged 22 and
20 ≥65 21 years
21 years 22 and
22 and 24 caretakers
22 and 25 to
22 and 26 seek
22 and 27 healthcare
23 their 24 caretakers
25 to 26 seek
27 healthcare 28 at
28 at 29 signs
29 signs 30 of
30 of 32 infection
31 systemic 32 infection

furthermore , good compliance to infection control measures , screening of the [at] [-] risk population , and careful use of antibiotics may prevent further increase in antibiotic - resistant infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 18 and
3 good 4 compliance
4 compliance 5 to
4 compliance 9 ,
5 to 8 measures
6 infection 8 measures
7 control 8 measures
9 , 10 screening
9 , 18 and
10 screening 11 of
11 of 16 population
12 the 16 population
15 risk 16 population
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 careful
18 and 20 use
18 and 24 prevent
18 and 26 increase
20 use 21 of
20 use 23 may
21 of 22 antibiotics
23 may 24 prevent
25 further 26 increase
26 increase 27 in
27 in 31 infections
28 antibiotic 29 -
28 antibiotic 31 infections
30 resistant 31 infections

objectives : in this rapidly changing electronic era , we implemented a study to define age dependent variations in access and use of internet and electronic devices in the exchange of healthcare related information ( hri ) and coordination of clinical care ( ccc ) among elderly patients with cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 define
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 8 era
4 this 8 era
5 rapidly 6 changing
6 changing 8 era
7 electronic 8 era
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 implemented
10 we 11 implemented
11 implemented 13 study
11 implemented 14 to
12 a 13 study
14 to 15 define
15 define 18 variations
15 define 19 in
15 define 28 in
16 age 18 variations
17 dependent 18 variations
19 in 21 and
20 access 21 and
21 and 22 use
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 and
24 internet 25 and
25 and 27 devices
26 electronic 27 devices
28 in 38 and
29 the 30 exchange
30 exchange 31 of
30 exchange 38 and
31 of 34 information
32 healthcare 34 information
33 related 34 information
34 information 36 hri
35 ( 36 hri
36 hri 37 )
38 and 39 coordination
39 coordination 40 of
39 coordination 46 among
40 of 42 care
41 clinical 42 care
42 care 44 ccc
43 ( 44 ccc
44 ccc 45 )
46 among 48 patients
47 elderly 48 patients
48 patients 49 with
49 with 50 cancer

materials and methods : data was collected through independently completed surveys after obtaining irb approval in a single institution cancer center over a 4 [-] month period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 data
4 : 6 was
5 data 6 was
6 was 11 surveys
6 was 22 over
7 collected 11 surveys
8 through 11 surveys
9 independently 10 completed
10 completed 11 surveys
11 surveys 12 after
12 after 13 obtaining
13 obtaining 15 approval
13 obtaining 16 in
14 irb 15 approval
16 in 21 center
17 a 18 single
17 a 21 center
18 single 19 institution
19 institution 21 center
20 cancer 21 center
22 over 27 period
23 a 27 period
24 4 26 month
26 month 27 period

questions regarding internet access and use of electronic media to obtain health information and coordinate care were distributed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 distributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 questions 2 regarding
1 questions 5 and
2 regarding 4 access
3 internet 4 access
5 and 6 use
5 and 7 of
5 and 14 and
7 of 9 media
8 electronic 9 media
9 media 10 to
9 media 11 obtain
10 to 11 obtain
11 obtain 13 information
12 health 13 information
14 and 16 care
14 and 17 were
15 coordinate 16 care
17 were 18 distributed

the sample was divided in two groups based upon the world health organization ( who ) definition of geriatric patients : < 65 y/o [(] group a [ )(and ≥65 y/o ( group b ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 3 was
3 was 4 divided
4 divided 5 in
4 divided 9 upon
5 in 7 groups
6 two 7 groups
7 groups 8 based
9 upon 17 definition
10 the 17 definition
11 world 12 health
12 health 13 organization
13 organization 15 who
14 ( 15 who
15 who 16 )
15 who 17 definition
17 definition 18 of
18 of 20 patients
19 geriatric 20 patients
21 : 23 65
22 < 23 65
23 65 29 )(and
23 65 31 y/o
23 65 33 group
24 y/o 26 group
26 group 27 a
26 group 29 )(and
29 )(and 30 ≥65
29 )(and 31 y/o
32 ( 33 group
33 group 34 b
33 group 35 )

results : one hundred and twenty - six surveys were analyzed with 70 patients in group a and 56 patients in group b [.] access to the internet and use of email was higher in the group [a] [(] 77 % and 71 % [ )(vs [.] group b ( 36 % and 33 % , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 hundred
3 one 4 hundred
5 and 9 surveys
5 and 11 analyzed
6 twenty 7 -
7 - 8 six
7 - 9 surveys
9 surveys 10 were
10 were 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 with
12 with 14 patients
13 70 14 patients
14 patients 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 group 17 a
16 group 18 and
18 and 20 patients
18 and 21 in
19 56 20 patients
21 in 22 group
22 group 23 b
22 group 25 access
22 group 33 was
25 access 26 to
25 access 31 of
25 access 33 was
26 to 29 and
27 the 28 internet
28 internet 29 and
29 and 30 use
31 of 32 email
33 was 34 higher
33 was 35 in
35 in 37 group
36 the 37 group
37 group 42 and
37 group 46 )(vs
40 77 41 %
40 77 42 and
42 and 43 71
43 71 44 %
46 )(vs 48 group
48 group 49 b
48 group 55 %
50 ( 55 %
51 36 52 %
51 36 53 and
53 and 54 33
53 and 55 %
55 % 58 <
55 % 61 .
56 , 58 <
57 p 58 <
58 < 59 0.001
58 < 60 )

the younger group felt more comfortable using the internet when compared to the older group ( 70 % vs [.] 40 % , p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 felt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 group
2 younger 3 group
3 group 4 felt
4 felt 6 comfortable
5 more 6 comfortable
6 comfortable 7 using
6 comfortable 10 when
7 using 9 internet
8 the 9 internet
10 when 11 compared
11 compared 12 to
12 to 15 group
13 the 15 group
14 older 15 group
15 group 18 %
15 group 25 =
16 ( 18 %
17 70 18 %
18 % 19 vs
18 % 23 ,
19 vs 22 %
21 40 22 %
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.01
25 = 27 )

patients in group b demonstrated a strong preference for paper copy based hri and phone calls to ccc than text messages or emails [(] 73 [%] and 95 % , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 patients 2 in
1 patients 5 demonstrated
2 in 3 group
3 group 4 b
5 demonstrated 8 preference
5 demonstrated 22 or
6 a 7 strong
6 a 8 preference
7 strong 8 preference
8 preference 9 for
8 preference 22 or
9 for 14 and
10 paper 12 based
11 copy 12 based
12 based 13 hri
13 hri 14 and
14 and 15 phone
16 calls 17 to
16 calls 19 than
16 calls 21 messages
16 calls 22 or
17 to 18 ccc
20 text 21 messages
22 or 23 emails
22 or 32 <
23 emails 29 %
25 73 27 and
27 and 28 95
27 and 29 %
30 , 32 <
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.001
32 < 34 )

a transition zone between the ages of 65 and 70 years was defined to identify patients with increased reluctance to use internet and electronic devices to exchange hri [and] ccc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 zone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 exchange
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 transition
1 a 3 zone
2 transition 3 zone
3 zone 4 between
3 zone 7 of
3 zone 12 was
4 between 6 ages
5 the 6 ages
7 of 11 years
8 65 9 and
9 and 10 70
9 and 11 years
12 was 13 defined
13 defined 14 to
13 defined 17 with
13 defined 20 to
13 defined 26 to
14 to 15 identify
15 identify 16 patients
17 with 19 reluctance
18 increased 19 reluctance
20 to 23 and
21 use 22 internet
22 internet 23 and
23 and 25 devices
24 electronic 25 devices
26 to 27 exchange
27 exchange 28 hri
28 hri 30 ccc

conclusion [:] the data supports that there is an age - defined underutilization of internet and electronic devices to exchange hri [and] ccc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
1 conclusion 4 data
1 conclusion 5 supports
1 conclusion 8 is
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 supports
5 supports 6 that
5 supports 7 there
8 is 10 age
9 an 10 age
10 age 16 and
11 - 16 and
12 defined 13 underutilization
13 underutilization 14 of
13 underutilization 16 and
14 of 15 internet
16 and 18 devices
16 and 19 to
16 and 20 exchange
16 and 24 .
17 electronic 18 devices
19 to 20 exchange
20 exchange 21 hri
21 hri 23 ccc

characterization of this age [-] dependent transition zone will enable clinicians to identify patients who may not interface well with electronic communication strategies , and to improve delivery of hri [and] ccc for the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characterization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 enable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 characterization 2 of
1 characterization 9 will
2 of 8 zone
3 this 8 zone
4 age 6 dependent
6 dependent 8 zone
7 transition 8 zone
9 will 10 enable
10 enable 11 clinicians
10 enable 12 to
10 enable 13 identify
12 to 13 identify
13 identify 14 patients
14 patients 15 who
14 patients 25 and
15 who 25 and
16 may 17 not
16 may 18 interface
16 may 25 and
18 interface 19 well
18 interface 20 with
18 interface 23 strategies
20 with 22 communication
21 electronic 22 communication
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 to
25 and 27 improve
26 to 27 improve
27 improve 28 delivery
28 delivery 29 of
29 of 30 hri
30 hri 32 ccc
30 hri 33 for
33 for 35 elderly
34 the 35 elderly

aging of an individual entails a progressive decline of functional reserves and loss of homeostasis that eventually lead to mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 entails
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aging 2 of
1 aging 5 entails
2 of 4 individual
3 an 4 individual
5 entails 8 decline
5 entails 19 to
6 a 7 progressive
6 a 8 decline
7 progressive 8 decline
8 decline 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 functional 11 reserves
11 reserves 12 and
12 and 13 loss
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 homeostasis
15 homeostasis 16 that
15 homeostasis 18 lead
16 that 18 lead
17 eventually 18 lead
19 to 20 mortality

this process is highly individualized and is influenced by multiple genetic , epigenetic and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 process
2 process 6 and
3 is 5 individualized
3 is 6 and
4 highly 5 individualized
6 and 7 is
7 is 8 influenced
8 influenced 9 by
9 by 16 factors
10 multiple 16 factors
11 genetic 12 ,
11 genetic 16 factors
13 epigenetic 14 and
14 and 15 environmental
14 and 16 factors

this individualization and the diversity of factors influencing aging result in a significant heterogeneity among people with the same chronological age , representing a major challenge in daily oncology practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 result
1 this 2 individualization
2 individualization 3 and
3 and 5 diversity
3 and 6 of
3 and 10 result
4 the 5 diversity
6 of 7 factors
7 factors 8 influencing
8 influencing 9 aging
10 result 11 in
10 result 15 among
10 result 17 with
11 in 14 heterogeneity
12 a 13 significant
12 a 14 heterogeneity
13 significant 14 heterogeneity
15 among 16 people
17 with 21 age
18 the 19 same
19 same 21 age
20 chronological 21 age
21 age 23 representing
22 , 23 representing
23 representing 26 challenge
23 representing 31 .
24 a 26 challenge
25 major 26 challenge
26 challenge 27 in
27 in 30 practice
28 daily 30 practice
29 oncology 30 practice

thus , [many] [factors] other than mere chronological age will contribute to treatment tolerance and outcome in the older patients with cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 9 age
5 other 9 age
6 than 7 mere
7 mere 9 age
8 chronological 9 age
9 age 10 will
10 will 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
11 contribute 17 in
11 contribute 21 with
12 to 15 and
13 treatment 14 tolerance
14 tolerance 15 and
15 and 16 outcome
17 in 20 patients
18 the 20 patients
19 older 20 patients
21 with 22 cancer

clinical/comprehensive geriatric assessment can provide information on the general health status of individuals , but is far from perfect as a prognostic/predictive tool for individual patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 clinical/comprehensive 3 assessment
2 geriatric 3 assessment
3 assessment 15 but
4 can 5 provide
4 can 15 but
5 provide 6 information
5 provide 7 on
7 on 11 status
8 the 11 status
9 general 10 health
10 health 11 status
11 status 12 of
12 of 13 individuals
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 is
16 is 19 perfect
17 far 18 from
18 from 19 perfect
19 perfect 20 as
20 as 23 tool
21 a 22 prognostic/predictive
21 a 23 tool
22 prognostic/predictive 23 tool
23 tool 24 for
24 for 26 patients
25 individual 26 patients

on the other hand , aging can also be assessed in terms of biological changes in certain tissues like the blood compartment which result from adaptive alterations due to past history of exposures , as well as intrinsic aging processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 aging
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 aging 7 can
7 can 9 be
8 also 9 be
9 be 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 in
10 assessed 16 in
10 assessed 25 from
10 assessed 29 to
11 in 12 terms
12 terms 13 of
13 of 15 changes
14 biological 15 changes
16 in 18 tissues
17 certain 18 tissues
18 tissues 19 like
18 tissues 23 which
18 tissues 24 result
19 like 22 compartment
20 the 22 compartment
21 blood 22 compartment
23 which 24 result
25 from 27 alterations
26 adaptive 27 alterations
28 due 29 to
29 to 31 history
30 past 31 history
31 history 32 of
31 history 37 as
32 of 33 exposures
34 , 37 as
35 as 36 well
36 well 37 as
37 as 40 processes
37 as 41 .
38 intrinsic 40 processes
39 aging 40 processes

there are major signs of ['] aging ['] in lymphocytes ( e.g [.] lymphocyte subset distribution , telomere length , p16ink4 [a] expression ) , [and] also in [(] inflammatory ) cytokine expression and gene expression patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 signs
3 major 4 signs
4 signs 5 of
5 of 7 aging
7 aging 9 in
7 aging 27 also
7 aging 28 in
9 in 10 lymphocytes
10 lymphocytes 16 distribution
10 lymphocytes 19 length
11 ( 16 distribution
12 e.g 16 distribution
14 lymphocyte 16 distribution
15 subset 16 distribution
16 distribution 17 ,
17 , 19 length
18 telomere 19 length
19 length 23 expression
19 length 25 ,
20 , 23 expression
21 p16ink4 23 expression
23 expression 24 )
28 in 34 and
30 inflammatory 31 )
30 inflammatory 32 cytokine
32 cytokine 33 expression
33 expression 34 and
34 and 37 patterns
35 gene 37 patterns
36 expression 37 patterns

these result from a combination of [the] above two processes , overlaying genetic predispositions which contribute significantly to the aging phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
1 these 2 result
2 result 3 from
3 from 5 combination
4 a 5 combination
5 combination 6 of
6 of 8 above
8 above 10 processes
9 two 10 processes
10 processes 12 overlaying
11 , 12 overlaying
12 overlaying 14 predispositions
12 overlaying 22 .
13 genetic 14 predispositions
14 predispositions 15 which
14 predispositions 16 contribute
15 which 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 significantly
16 contribute 18 to
18 to 21 phenotype
19 the 21 phenotype
20 aging 21 phenotype

these potential " aging biomarkers " might provide additional prognostic/predictive information supplementing [clinical] [evaluation] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 5 biomarkers
2 potential 3 "
2 potential 4 aging
4 aging 5 biomarkers
5 biomarkers 6 "
5 biomarkers 7 might
7 might 8 provide
8 provide 12 supplementing
9 additional 11 information
10 prognostic/predictive 11 information
11 information 12 supplementing

the purpose of the current paper is to describe the most relevant potential " aging biomarkers " ( markers that indicate the biological functional age of patients [ )(which focus on the biological background , the [(] limited ) available clinical data , and technical challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 7 is
3 of 6 paper
4 the 6 paper
5 current 6 paper
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 describe
8 to 9 describe
9 describe 13 potential
10 the 13 potential
11 most 12 relevant
12 relevant 13 potential
13 potential 14 "
13 potential 15 aging
13 potential 19 markers
15 aging 16 biomarkers
16 biomarkers 17 "
18 ( 19 markers
19 markers 20 that
19 markers 21 indicate
19 markers 35 ,
20 that 21 indicate
21 indicate 25 age
21 indicate 31 on
22 the 25 age
23 biological 25 age
24 functional 25 age
25 age 26 of
26 of 27 patients
27 patients 29 )(which
27 patients 30 focus
29 )(which 30 focus
31 on 34 background
32 the 34 background
33 biological 34 background
35 , 44 and
36 the 42 data
38 limited 39 )
38 limited 42 data
40 available 42 data
41 clinical 42 data
42 data 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 46 challenges
45 technical 46 challenges

despite their great potential interest , there is a need for much more [(] validated ) clinical data before these biomarkers could be used in a routine clinical setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 despite 5 interest
1 despite 6 ,
1 despite 7 there
2 their 5 interest
3 great 4 potential
4 potential 5 interest
7 there 8 is
8 is 10 need
9 a 10 need
10 need 11 for
10 need 15 validated
10 need 18 data
10 need 23 be
10 need 24 used
10 need 25 in
11 for 13 more
12 much 13 more
15 validated 16 )
15 validated 17 clinical
18 data 19 before
18 data 22 could
19 before 21 biomarkers
20 these 21 biomarkers
22 could 23 be
25 in 29 setting
26 a 29 setting
27 routine 29 setting
28 clinical 29 setting

this manuscript tries to provide a guideline on how these markers can be integrated in future research aimed at providing such data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 manuscript
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 manuscript
2 manuscript 3 tries
3 tries 4 to
3 tries 5 provide
4 to 5 provide
5 provide 7 guideline
5 provide 8 on
5 provide 19 at
6 a 7 guideline
8 on 9 how
9 how 11 markers
9 how 14 integrated
10 these 11 markers
11 markers 12 can
12 can 13 be
13 be 14 integrated
14 integrated 15 in
15 in 17 research
16 future 17 research
17 research 18 aimed
19 at 20 providing
20 providing 22 data
21 such 22 data

background : old age and hypertension are consistently reported to be the main risk factors of leukoaraiosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 9 reported
2 : 18 .
3 old 4 age
4 age 5 and
5 and 6 hypertension
5 and 7 are
7 are 9 reported
8 consistently 9 reported
9 reported 10 to
9 reported 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 15 factors
12 the 13 main
12 the 15 factors
14 risk 15 factors
15 factors 16 of
16 of 17 leukoaraiosis

the association between white matter lesions ( wmls [ )(and other cardiovascular risk factors ( cvrf ) remains controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 10 )(and
2 association 18 remains
3 between 6 lesions
4 white 5 matter
5 matter 6 lesions
7 ( 10 )(and
8 wmls 10 )(and
10 )(and 14 factors
10 )(and 16 cvrf
10 )(and 17 )
11 other 14 factors
12 cardiovascular 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 ( 16 cvrf
16 cvrf 17 )
18 remains 19 controversial

we evaluated the association between cvrf and wmls in a cohort study and determined the blood pressure variables that could predict wml severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 13 and
2 evaluated 4 association
2 evaluated 5 between
2 evaluated 9 in
2 evaluated 13 and
3 the 4 association
5 between 7 and
6 cvrf 7 and
7 and 8 wmls
9 in 12 study
10 a 12 study
11 cohort 12 study
13 and 14 determined
14 determined 18 variables
14 determined 21 predict
15 the 18 variables
16 blood 17 pressure
17 pressure 18 variables
18 variables 19 that
18 variables 20 could
18 variables 21 predict
19 that 20 could
21 predict 23 severity
22 wml 23 severity

methods : 830 subjects ( 65+/ - 1 years of age , 60 % women ) from the proof study , with a reliable abpm and brain mri , were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
3 830 4 subjects
4 subjects 6 65+/
5 ( 6 65+/
6 65+/ 7 -
7 - 8 1
7 - 30 were
7 - 32 .
8 1 9 years
8 1 20 study
8 1 22 with
8 1 30 were
9 years 10 of
9 years 17 from
9 years 20 study
10 of 11 age
11 age 15 women
12 , 15 women
13 60 14 %
14 % 15 women
15 women 16 )
17 from 19 proof
18 the 19 proof
21 , 22 with
22 with 26 and
22 with 29 ,
23 a 25 abpm
24 reliable 25 abpm
25 abpm 26 and
26 and 28 mri
27 brain 28 mri
30 were 31 included

the exclusion criteria included prior myocardial infarction , stroke , heart failure , atrial fibrillation , type 1 diabetes mellitus , and pacing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 criteria
2 exclusion 3 criteria
3 criteria 8 ,
4 included 7 infarction
4 included 8 ,
5 prior 7 infarction
6 myocardial 7 infarction
8 , 9 stroke
10 , 11 heart
10 , 16 ,
11 heart 12 failure
12 failure 15 fibrillation
13 , 15 fibrillation
14 atrial 15 fibrillation
15 fibrillation 16 ,
16 , 17 type
17 type 18 1
17 type 22 and
19 diabetes 20 mellitus
20 mellitus 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 pacing

white matter changes on mri were defined as hyperintensities >5 [mm] on flair images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 white
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 white 2 matter
2 matter 3 changes
2 matter 10 >5
3 changes 4 on
3 changes 6 were
4 on 5 mri
6 were 7 defined
7 defined 8 as
8 as 9 hyperintensities
8 as 10 >5
9 hyperintensities 10 >5
10 >5 12 on
12 on 14 images
13 flair 14 images

we used the total degree of wml ( range : 0 - 30 ) by adding the region - specific scores of both hemispheres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
1 we 2 used
2 used 7 wml
3 the 5 degree
4 total 5 degree
5 degree 6 of
5 degree 7 wml
6 of 7 wml
7 wml 19 -
8 ( 19 -
9 range 10 :
10 : 11 0
10 : 15 by
11 0 13 30
12 - 13 30
13 30 14 )
15 by 16 adding
16 adding 18 region
16 adding 19 -
17 the 18 region
18 region 19 -
19 - 24 hemispheres
19 - 25 .
20 specific 21 scores
21 scores 22 of
21 scores 24 hemispheres
22 of 24 hemispheres
23 both 24 hemispheres

results : linear regression analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between total leukoaraiosis [score] and 24 h systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) , 24 h diastolic bp , daytime sbp and dbp and nighttime sbp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrated
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 linear
3 linear 5 analyses
3 linear 6 demonstrated
4 regression 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 9 relationship
6 demonstrated 10 between
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 relationship
8 significant 9 relationship
10 between 14 and
11 total 12 leukoaraiosis
12 leukoaraiosis 14 and
14 and 19 pressure
14 and 21 sbp
14 and 27 bp
15 24 16 h
16 h 19 pressure
17 systolic 18 blood
18 blood 19 pressure
20 ( 21 sbp
21 sbp 22 )
23 , 27 bp
24 24 25 h
25 h 27 bp
26 diastolic 27 bp
27 bp 33 and
27 bp 36 .
28 , 33 and
29 daytime 30 sbp
30 sbp 31 and
31 and 32 dbp
31 and 33 and
33 and 35 sbp
33 and 36 .
34 nighttime 35 sbp

no significant relationship was found between leukoaraiosis [score] and clinical sbp , clinical dbp , or nocturnal dip . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 no 3 relationship
2 significant 3 relationship
3 relationship 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 between
6 between 16 or
7 leukoaraiosis 9 and
9 and 11 sbp
9 and 12 ,
10 clinical 11 sbp
12 , 14 dbp
12 , 16 or
13 clinical 14 dbp
15 , 16 or
16 or 18 dip
17 nocturnal 18 dip

there was also no significant relationship between leukoaraiosis and other recognized cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 6 relationship
4 no 6 relationship
5 significant 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 11 recognized
6 relationship 13 risk
6 relationship 14 factors
7 between 9 and
8 leukoaraiosis 9 and
9 and 10 other
12 cardiovascular 13 risk
13 risk 14 factors

based on a roc curve analysis , we identified the optimal threshold separating high - risk wml patients for a mean 24 h sbp above 123 mmhg ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 7 ,
1 based 8 we
2 on 6 analysis
3 a 6 analysis
4 roc 5 curve
5 curve 6 analysis
8 we 9 identified
9 identified 14 high
10 the 14 high
11 optimal 12 threshold
12 threshold 13 separating
13 separating 14 high
14 high 18 patients
15 - 18 patients
16 risk 18 patients
17 wml 18 patients
18 patients 19 for
18 patients 25 above
18 patients 29 p<0.05
18 patients 30 )
19 for 24 sbp
20 a 21 mean
20 a 24 sbp
21 mean 24 sbp
22 24 23 h
23 h 24 sbp
25 above 27 mmhg
26 123 27 mmhg
28 ( 29 p<0.05
29 p<0.05 30 )

conclusions : even moderate increases in 24 h sbp promote arteriolar fragility of the cerebral white matter in a population aged 65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 increases
2 : 10 promote
2 : 23 .
3 even 5 increases
4 moderate 5 increases
5 increases 6 in
5 increases 10 promote
6 in 9 sbp
7 24 8 h
8 h 9 sbp
10 promote 12 fragility
10 promote 18 in
11 arteriolar 12 fragility
12 fragility 13 of
13 of 17 matter
14 the 17 matter
15 cerebral 16 white
16 white 17 matter
18 in 20 population
19 a 20 population
20 population 21 aged
21 aged 22 65

the prognostic implications of such abnormalities in asymptomatic and moderate cardiovascular risk populations remain to be evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 implications
2 prognostic 3 implications
3 implications 4 of
3 implications 14 remain
4 of 6 abnormalities
5 such 6 abnormalities
6 abnormalities 7 in
7 in 13 populations
8 asymptomatic 9 and
9 and 10 moderate
9 and 13 populations
11 cardiovascular 13 populations
12 risk 13 populations
14 remain 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 evaluated

objective : research suggests that self - esteem can decline in older adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 research
2 : 4 suggests
2 : 7 -
3 research 4 suggests
4 suggests 6 self
5 that 6 self
7 - 8 esteem
7 - 10 decline
7 - 14 .
8 esteem 9 can
9 can 10 decline
10 decline 11 in
11 in 13 adulthood
12 older 13 adulthood

this process could remove a buffer that normally protects individuals against distress - related changes in cortisol secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remove
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 this 2 process
2 process 3 could
3 could 4 remove
4 remove 6 buffer
5 a 6 buffer
6 buffer 7 that
6 buffer 9 protects
7 that 9 protects
8 normally 9 protects
9 protects 10 individuals
9 protects 11 against
11 against 12 distress
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 changes
14 related 16 in
14 related 19 .
16 in 18 secretion
17 cortisol 18 secretion

we examined this possibility by testing whether change in self [-] esteem would predict alterations in cortisol secretion , particularly among older adults who reported high levels of depressive symptoms or perceived stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 possibility
2 examined 5 by
2 examined 21 among
3 this 4 possibility
5 by 6 testing
6 testing 7 whether
6 testing 16 in
7 whether 8 change
7 whether 14 predict
8 change 9 in
8 change 13 would
9 in 12 esteem
10 self 12 esteem
13 would 14 predict
14 predict 15 alterations
16 in 18 secretion
17 cortisol 18 secretion
19 , 20 particularly
19 , 21 among
21 among 23 adults
21 among 34 .
22 older 23 adults
23 adults 24 who
23 adults 31 or
24 who 31 or
25 reported 27 levels
25 reported 31 or
26 high 27 levels
27 levels 28 of
28 of 30 symptoms
29 depressive 30 symptoms
31 or 32 perceived
32 perceived 33 stress

methods : 147 older adults ( aged 60+ ) completed three days of diurnal cortisol measurements at three different time points , namely every two years over a total period of four years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 adults
2 : 21 points
3 147 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 8 60+
5 adults 10 completed
6 ( 8 60+
7 aged 8 60+
8 60+ 9 )
10 completed 12 days
10 completed 17 at
11 three 12 days
12 days 13 of
13 of 16 measurements
14 diurnal 15 cortisol
15 cortisol 16 measurements
17 at 18 three
18 three 20 time
18 three 21 points
19 different 20 time
20 time 21 points
21 points 23 namely
22 , 23 namely
23 namely 27 over
23 namely 34 .
24 every 25 two
25 two 26 years
26 years 27 over
27 over 30 period
28 a 30 period
29 total 30 period
30 period 31 of
31 of 33 years
32 four 33 years

measures of self [-] esteem , depressive symptoms , and perceived stress were assessed at t1 and t2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 measures 2 of
1 measures 6 ,
2 of 5 esteem
3 self 5 esteem
6 , 8 symptoms
6 , 10 and
7 depressive 8 symptoms
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 stress
10 and 13 were
11 perceived 12 stress
13 were 14 assessed
14 assessed 15 at
15 at 17 and
16 t1 17 and
17 and 18 t2

potential demographic and health - related [confounds] were measured at baseline ( partnership status , ses , mortality risk index , and medication ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 potential 8 were
2 demographic 3 and
3 and 4 health
3 and 5 -
3 and 6 related
3 and 8 were
8 were 9 measured
9 measured 10 at
10 at 11 baseline
11 baseline 22 and
12 ( 22 and
13 partnership 14 status
14 status 15 ,
15 , 16 ses
15 , 17 ,
17 , 20 index
17 , 22 and
18 mortality 20 index
19 risk 20 index
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 medication
22 and 24 )

results : linear regression models indicated that a [decline] in self - esteem from t1 to t2 predicted elevated cortisol output ( aucg ) from t2 to t3 [,] f ( 1 , 137 )=8.09 , β= - . 25 [,] [r] ( 2 )=.05 , p=.005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 4 regression
3 linear 4 regression
4 regression 5 models
4 regression 6 indicated
4 regression 13 esteem
5 models 6 indicated
6 indicated 11 self
7 that 11 self
8 a 10 in
10 in 11 self
12 - 13 esteem
13 esteem 14 from
13 esteem 27 to
13 esteem 38 -
14 from 15 t1
15 t1 16 to
15 t1 25 from
16 to 21 output
17 t2 21 output
18 predicted 21 output
19 elevated 20 cortisol
20 cortisol 21 output
21 output 23 aucg
22 ( 23 aucg
23 aucg 24 )
25 from 26 t2
27 to 35 )=8.09
28 t3 30 f
28 t3 32 1
28 t3 35 )=8.09
31 ( 32 1
32 1 33 ,
34 137 35 )=8.09
35 )=8.09 37 β=
36 , 37 β=
37 β= 38 -
39 . 40 25
39 . 47 p=.005
39 . 48 .
40 25 45 )=.05
40 25 47 p=.005
43 ( 45 )=.05
44 2 45 )=.05
45 )=.05 46 ,

interaction analyses revealed that this association was particularly strong among participants who experienced higher t1 or t2 levels of depressive symptoms or perceived stress , +1 [+1sd] : βs= - [.] 34 to - [.] 51 , ps<.001 , but not significant among their counterparts who reported relatively lower levels of depressive symptoms or perceived stress , - 1 s [d] [:] βs=.03 to 11 , ps>.43 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
1 interaction 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 6 association
4 that 7 was
5 this 6 association
6 association 7 was
7 was 8 particularly
7 was 9 strong
9 strong 10 among
10 among 11 participants
11 participants 12 who
11 participants 13 experienced
11 participants 19 of
12 who 13 experienced
13 experienced 14 higher
13 experienced 18 levels
15 t1 16 or
16 or 17 t2
16 or 18 levels
19 of 22 or
20 depressive 21 symptoms
21 symptoms 22 or
22 or 24 stress
22 or 25 ,
22 or 26 +1
22 or 28 :
23 perceived 24 stress
26 +1 28 :
28 : 40 but
29 βs= 33 to
29 βs= 37 ,
30 - 32 34
32 34 33 to
33 to 36 51
34 - 36 51
37 , 38 ps<.001
37 , 40 but
39 , 40 but
40 but 41 not
40 but 42 significant
42 significant 43 among
43 among 45 counterparts
44 their 45 counterparts
45 counterparts 46 who
45 counterparts 54 or
46 who 54 or
47 reported 50 levels
47 reported 54 or
48 relatively 49 lower
49 lower 50 levels
50 levels 51 of
51 of 53 symptoms
52 depressive 53 symptoms
54 or 55 perceived
55 perceived 56 stress
56 stress 63 βs=.03
57 , 63 βs=.03
58 - 59 1
59 1 60 s
60 s 63 βs=.03
63 βs=.03 64 to
63 βs=.03 67 ps>.43
63 βs=.03 68 .
64 to 65 11
66 , 67 ps>.43
67 ps>.43 68 .

conclusions : declines in self [-] esteem represent a mechanism that contributes to higher levels of diurnal cortisol secretion if older adults experience psychological distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 declines
2 : 8 represent
2 : 26 .
3 declines 4 in
3 declines 8 represent
4 in 7 esteem
5 self 7 esteem
8 represent 10 mechanism
9 a 10 mechanism
10 mechanism 11 that
10 mechanism 12 contributes
11 that 12 contributes
12 contributes 13 to
12 contributes 20 if
13 to 15 levels
14 higher 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 19 secretion
17 diurnal 18 cortisol
18 cortisol 19 secretion
20 if 22 adults
20 if 23 experience
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 experience
23 experience 25 distress
24 psychological 25 distress

increases in self [-] esteem , by contrast , can ameliorate older adults ' cortisol regulation in stressful circumstances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ameliorate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 increases 2 in
1 increases 10 can
2 in 5 esteem
3 self 5 esteem
5 esteem 7 by
6 , 7 by
7 by 8 contrast
7 by 9 ,
10 can 11 ameliorate
11 ameliorate 16 regulation
11 ameliorate 17 in
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 '
14 ' 16 regulation
15 cortisol 16 regulation
17 in 19 circumstances
18 stressful 19 circumstances

one of the most consistent findings in the biology of depression is an altered activity of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 12 is
2 of 6 findings
3 the 4 most
4 most 6 findings
5 consistent 6 findings
6 findings 7 in
7 in 9 biology
8 the 9 biology
9 biology 10 of
10 of 11 depression
12 is 15 activity
13 an 15 activity
14 altered 15 activity
15 activity 16 of
16 of 26 axis
17 the 26 axis
18 hypothalamic 19 -
18 hypothalamic 26 axis
20 pituitary 21 -
20 pituitary 26 axis
22 adrenal 24 hpa
22 adrenal 26 axis
23 ( 24 hpa
24 hpa 25 )

however , data concerning this issue have never been examined with a focus on the older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 data
3 data 4 concerning
3 data 7 have
4 concerning 6 issue
5 this 6 issue
7 have 9 been
8 never 9 been
9 been 10 examined
10 examined 11 with
10 examined 14 on
11 with 13 focus
12 a 13 focus
14 on 17 population
15 the 17 population
16 older 17 population

here we present a systematic review and meta - analysis , based on studies investigating levels of cortisol , adrenocorticotropic hormone [(] acth ) and corticotropin - releasing hormone [(] crh ) in depressed participants older than 60 and compared with healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 11 ,
3 present 10 analysis
3 present 11 ,
4 a 5 systematic
4 a 6 review
5 systematic 6 review
6 review 7 and
7 and 8 meta
7 and 9 -
7 and 10 analysis
11 , 12 based
11 , 41 with
12 based 13 on
12 based 25 and
12 based 28 releasing
12 based 33 in
13 on 14 studies
14 studies 15 investigating
16 levels 17 of
16 levels 25 and
17 of 18 cortisol
18 cortisol 23 acth
19 , 23 acth
20 adrenocorticotropic 23 acth
21 hormone 23 acth
23 acth 24 )
25 and 26 corticotropin
27 - 28 releasing
28 releasing 31 crh
28 releasing 32 )
29 hormone 31 crh
33 in 39 and
34 depressed 35 participants
34 depressed 39 and
35 participants 36 older
36 older 37 than
37 than 38 60
39 and 40 compared
41 with 43 controls
42 healthy 43 controls

we found 20 studies , for a total of 43 comparisons on different indices of hpa axis functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 studies
3 20 4 studies
4 studies 6 for
5 , 6 for
6 for 8 total
6 for 19 .
7 a 8 total
8 total 9 of
9 of 11 comparisons
10 43 11 comparisons
11 comparisons 12 on
12 on 14 indices
13 different 14 indices
14 indices 15 of
15 of 17 axis
16 hpa 17 axis
17 axis 18 functioning

depression had a significant effect ( hedges ' [g] ) on basal cortisol levels measured in the morning ( 0.89 ) , afternoon ( 0.83 ) and night ( 1.39 ) , but a smaller effect on cortisol measured continuously ( 0.51 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 depression 2 had
2 had 5 effect
2 had 11 on
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 effect
4 significant 5 effect
5 effect 8 '
6 ( 8 '
7 hedges 8 '
8 ' 10 )
11 on 27 and
12 basal 13 cortisol
13 cortisol 14 levels
14 levels 15 measured
14 levels 27 and
15 measured 16 in
16 in 18 morning
17 the 18 morning
18 morning 20 0.89
18 morning 23 afternoon
19 ( 20 0.89
20 0.89 21 )
22 , 23 afternoon
23 afternoon 25 0.83
23 afternoon 26 )
24 ( 25 0.83
25 0.83 26 )
27 and 28 night
28 night 30 1.39
28 night 33 but
29 ( 30 1.39
30 1.39 31 )
32 , 33 but
33 but 36 effect
33 but 43 )
34 a 36 effect
35 smaller 36 effect
36 effect 37 on
37 on 38 cortisol
38 cortisol 39 measured
38 cortisol 42 0.51
39 measured 40 continuously
41 ( 42 0.51
42 0.51 43 )

the effect of depression was even higher on post - dexamethasone cortisol levels ( 3.22 ) , whereas it was [non] - significant on morning acth and crh levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 5 was
3 of 4 depression
5 was 6 even
5 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 on
7 higher 18 whereas
8 on 9 post
9 post 13 levels
10 - 13 levels
11 dexamethasone 12 cortisol
12 cortisol 13 levels
13 levels 15 3.22
13 levels 16 )
14 ( 15 3.22
15 3.22 16 )
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 19 it
18 whereas 20 was
18 whereas 22 -
19 it 20 was
22 - 27 and
23 significant 24 on
23 significant 27 and
24 on 26 acth
25 morning 26 acth
27 and 29 levels
28 crh 29 levels

subgroup analyses indicated that various methodological and clinical factors can influence the study results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 subgroup 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 9 factors
4 that 11 influence
5 various 9 factors
6 methodological 7 and
7 and 8 clinical
7 and 9 factors
9 factors 10 can
10 can 11 influence
11 influence 14 results
12 the 14 results
13 study 14 results

overall , older participants suffering from depression show a high degree of dysregulation of hpa axis activity , with differences compared with younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 show
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 participants
3 older 4 participants
4 participants 5 suffering
4 participants 8 show
5 suffering 6 from
6 from 7 depression
8 show 13 dysregulation
8 show 17 activity
9 a 10 high
9 a 11 degree
10 high 11 degree
11 degree 12 of
11 degree 13 dysregulation
12 of 13 dysregulation
13 dysregulation 14 of
14 of 16 axis
15 hpa 16 axis
17 activity 19 with
18 , 19 with
19 with 20 differences
19 with 25 .
20 differences 21 compared
21 compared 22 with
22 with 24 adults
23 younger 24 adults

this might depend on several mechanisms , including physical illnesses , alterations in the cns and immune - endocrinological alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 might
2 might 3 depend
3 depend 4 on
4 on 6 mechanisms
5 several 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 10 illnesses
8 including 11 ,
9 physical 10 illnesses
11 , 16 and
12 alterations 13 in
12 alterations 16 and
13 in 15 cns
14 the 15 cns
16 and 20 alterations
17 immune 18 -
17 immune 20 alterations
19 endocrinological 20 alterations

further studies are needed to clarify the implications of altered hpa axis activity in older patients suffering from depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 14 in
5 to 6 clarify
6 clarify 8 implications
7 the 8 implications
8 implications 9 of
9 of 13 activity
10 altered 13 activity
11 hpa 13 activity
12 axis 13 activity
14 in 16 patients
15 older 16 patients
16 patients 17 suffering
16 patients 18 from
18 from 19 depression

novel pharmacological approaches might be effective in targeting this pathophysiological feature , thus improving the clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
1 novel 3 approaches
2 pharmacological 3 approaches
3 approaches 4 might
4 might 5 be
5 be 6 effective
6 effective 7 in
7 in 8 targeting
8 targeting 11 feature
9 this 11 feature
10 pathophysiological 11 feature
11 feature 14 improving
12 , 14 improving
13 thus 14 improving
14 improving 17 outcomes
14 improving 18 .
15 the 17 outcomes
16 clinical 17 outcomes

background : epigenome - wide association studies of human disease and other quantitative traits are [becoming] increasingly common . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 epigenome
4 - 7 studies
4 - 15 are
4 - 19 .
5 wide 6 association
6 association 7 studies
7 studies 8 of
7 studies 15 are
8 of 11 and
9 human 10 disease
10 disease 11 and
11 and 14 traits
12 other 14 traits
13 quantitative 14 traits
15 are 17 increasingly
15 are 18 common

[a] series of papers reporting age - related changes in dna methylation profiles in peripheral blood have already been published . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 series
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 series 3 of
2 series 6 age
3 of 4 papers
4 papers 5 reporting
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
9 changes 20 published
10 in 11 dna
11 dna 13 profiles
11 dna 19 been
12 methylation 13 profiles
13 profiles 14 in
13 profiles 17 have
14 in 16 blood
15 peripheral 16 blood
17 have 19 been
18 already 19 been

however , blood is a heterogeneous collection of different cell types , each with a very different dna methylation profile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 blood
3 blood 4 is
4 is 11 types
5 a 6 heterogeneous
5 a 7 collection
6 heterogeneous 7 collection
7 collection 8 of
7 collection 11 types
8 of 11 types
9 different 10 cell
10 cell 11 types
11 types 13 each
12 , 13 each
13 each 14 with
13 each 21 .
14 with 20 profile
15 a 16 very
15 a 20 profile
16 very 17 different
17 different 20 profile
18 dna 20 profile
19 methylation 20 profile

results : using a statistical method that permits estimating the relative proportion of cell types from dna methylation profiles , we examine data from five previously published studies , and find strong evidence of cell composition change across age in blood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 21 we
2 : 30 and
3 using 6 method
3 using 16 from
3 using 20 ,
3 using 21 we
4 a 5 statistical
4 a 6 method
5 statistical 6 method
6 method 7 that
6 method 12 proportion
6 method 13 of
7 that 8 permits
7 that 12 proportion
8 permits 9 estimating
8 permits 12 proportion
9 estimating 11 relative
10 the 11 relative
13 of 15 types
14 cell 15 types
16 from 19 profiles
17 dna 18 methylation
18 methylation 19 profiles
21 we 30 and
22 examine 23 data
22 examine 27 published
22 examine 30 and
23 data 24 from
23 data 27 published
24 from 25 five
26 previously 27 published
27 published 28 studies
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 find
30 and 32 strong
30 and 33 evidence
33 evidence 34 of
34 of 37 change
35 cell 36 composition
36 composition 37 change
37 change 38 across
37 change 40 in
38 across 39 age
40 in 41 blood

we also demonstrate that , in these studies , cellular composition explains much of the observed variability in dna methylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 3 demonstrate
2 also 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 11 composition
4 that 12 explains
5 , 6 in
6 in 8 studies
6 in 9 ,
6 in 11 composition
7 these 8 studies
10 cellular 11 composition
11 composition 12 explains
12 explains 13 much
12 explains 18 in
13 much 14 of
14 of 17 variability
15 the 17 variability
16 observed 17 variability
18 in 20 methylation
19 dna 20 methylation

furthermore , we find high levels of confounding between age - related variability and cellular composition at the cpg level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 find
4 find 6 levels
4 find 20 level
5 high 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
6 levels 20 level
7 of 8 confounding
8 confounding 9 between
9 between 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 and
12 related 17 at
12 related 20 level
13 variability 14 and
14 and 16 composition
15 cellular 16 composition
17 at 19 cpg
18 the 19 cpg

conclusions : our findings underscore the importance of considering cell composition variability in epigenetic studies based on whole blood and other heterogeneous tissue sources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 underscore
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 underscore
5 underscore 7 importance
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
7 importance 12 variability
7 importance 16 based
8 of 9 considering
9 considering 11 composition
10 cell 11 composition
12 variability 13 in
12 variability 16 based
13 in 15 studies
14 epigenetic 15 studies
16 based 17 on
17 on 20 and
18 whole 19 blood
19 blood 20 and
20 and 24 sources
21 other 24 sources
22 heterogeneous 24 sources
23 tissue 24 sources

we also provide software for estimating [and] exploring this composition confounding for the illumina 450k microarray . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 3 provide
2 also 3 provide
3 provide 4 software
4 software 5 for
4 software 8 exploring
5 for 6 estimating
8 exploring 11 confounding
9 this 11 confounding
10 composition 11 confounding
11 confounding 12 for
12 for 16 microarray
13 the 16 microarray
14 illumina 15 450k
15 450k 16 microarray

this study examines electroglottographic ( egg ) recordings for 15 young and 14 old male speakers of new zealand english . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 8 recordings
3 examines 9 for
4 electroglottographic 6 egg
4 electroglottographic 8 recordings
5 ( 6 egg
6 egg 7 )
9 for 20 english
10 15 20 english
11 young 12 and
12 and 16 speakers
12 and 17 of
12 and 20 english
13 14 16 speakers
14 old 16 speakers
15 male 16 speakers
17 of 19 zealand
18 new 19 zealand

analysis was performed on the sustained vowels /i:/ and /a:/ at three target levels for both pitch and loudness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 analysis 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 on
3 performed 9 and
4 on 7 vowels
5 the 7 vowels
6 sustained 7 vowels
8 /i:/ 9 and
9 and 10 /a:/
10 /a:/ 11 at
11 at 14 levels
12 three 14 levels
13 target 14 levels
14 levels 15 for
15 for 18 and
16 both 18 and
17 pitch 18 and
18 and 19 loudness

jitter [was] [greater] for older speakers , and the contact quotient ( qx ) was significantly lower for older speakers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 jitter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 jitter 4 for
4 for 6 speakers
5 older 6 speakers
7 , 8 and
8 and 11 quotient
8 and 15 was
9 the 11 quotient
10 contact 11 quotient
11 quotient 13 qx
11 quotient 15 was
12 ( 13 qx
13 qx 14 )
15 was 16 significantly
15 was 17 lower
17 lower 18 for
18 for 20 speakers
19 older 20 speakers

the greater [jitter] [for] older speakers [indicates] [a] decrease in the stability of the vocal production mechanism of the older speakers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 speakers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 6 speakers
2 greater 6 speakers
5 older 6 speakers
6 speakers 9 decrease
9 decrease 10 in
10 in 12 stability
11 the 12 stability
12 stability 13 of
13 of 17 mechanism
14 the 17 mechanism
15 vocal 16 production
16 production 17 mechanism
17 mechanism 18 of
18 of 21 speakers
19 the 21 speakers
20 older 21 speakers

[the] [jitter] is an acoustic measure , so to examine the stability at a physiological level , a perturbation measure of the qx is developed and applied to the egg recordings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
3 is 6 measure
4 an 6 measure
5 acoustic 6 measure
6 measure 9 to
7 , 9 to
8 so 9 to
9 to 10 examine
9 to 17 ,
10 examine 12 stability
11 the 12 stability
12 stability 13 at
13 at 16 level
14 a 15 physiological
14 a 16 level
15 physiological 16 level
17 , 20 measure
17 , 26 and
18 a 20 measure
19 perturbation 20 measure
20 measure 21 of
20 measure 24 is
21 of 23 qx
22 the 23 qx
24 is 26 and
25 developed 26 and
26 and 27 applied
26 and 28 to
28 to 31 recordings
29 the 31 recordings
30 egg 31 recordings

the contact quotient perturbation ( cqp ) showed a significant increase for older speakers ( 1.55 [%] and 3.54 % for young and old , respectively ) , and this demonstrated more about the variability than the [jitter] data alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 perturbation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 4 perturbation
2 contact 4 perturbation
3 quotient 4 perturbation
4 perturbation 6 cqp
4 perturbation 8 showed
5 ( 6 cqp
6 cqp 7 )
8 showed 11 increase
8 showed 26 respectively
9 a 10 significant
9 a 11 increase
10 significant 11 increase
11 increase 12 for
12 for 14 speakers
13 older 14 speakers
14 speakers 20 %
15 ( 20 %
16 1.55 18 and
18 and 19 3.54
18 and 20 %
20 % 21 for
20 % 25 ,
21 for 23 and
22 young 23 and
23 and 24 old
25 , 26 respectively
26 respectively 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 this
29 and 31 demonstrated
30 this 31 demonstrated
31 demonstrated 32 more
31 demonstrated 33 about
31 demonstrated 36 than
31 demonstrated 40 alone
33 about 35 variability
34 the 35 variability
36 than 39 data
37 the 39 data

when loudness is also considered , the qx was significantly greater for louder vowels , whereas its perturbation was significantly lower for louder vowels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 qx
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 when 2 loudness
1 when 5 considered
1 when 6 ,
1 when 8 qx
2 loudness 3 is
3 is 4 also
3 is 5 considered
7 the 8 qx
8 qx 9 was
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 greater
11 greater 12 for
11 greater 16 whereas
12 for 14 vowels
13 louder 14 vowels
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 18 perturbation
16 whereas 19 was
16 whereas 25 .
17 its 18 perturbation
18 perturbation 19 was
19 was 20 significantly
19 was 21 lower
21 lower 22 for
22 for 24 vowels
23 louder 24 vowels

this relationship combined with the age effect , with the cqp for all three loudness levels being greater for the older speakers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 combined
1 this 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 combined
3 combined 4 with
3 combined 9 with
4 with 7 effect
5 the 7 effect
6 age 7 effect
8 , 9 with
9 with 11 cqp
9 with 12 for
9 with 23 .
10 the 11 cqp
12 for 16 levels
13 all 16 levels
14 three 15 loudness
15 loudness 16 levels
16 levels 17 being
16 levels 19 for
17 being 18 greater
19 for 22 speakers
20 the 22 speakers
21 older 22 speakers

the findings of this study will contribute to the development of vocal fold models that account for aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 of
2 findings 6 will
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 will 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 to
8 to 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 14 models
12 vocal 14 models
13 fold 14 models
14 models 15 that
14 models 16 account
15 that 16 account
16 account 17 for
17 for 18 aging

objective : although apolipoprotein ( apoe ) ε4 allele is a well - established risk [factor] for late - onset alzheimer disease ( ad ) , the mechanism of its effects on ad pathogenesis is not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 9 allele
2 : 10 is
2 : 26 ,
3 although 4 apolipoprotein
3 although 7 )
3 although 9 allele
4 apolipoprotein 6 apoe
5 ( 6 apoe
6 apoe 7 )
8 ε4 9 allele
9 allele 10 is
10 is 12 well
11 a 12 well
12 well 15 risk
13 - 15 risk
14 established 15 risk
15 risk 17 for
15 risk 26 ,
17 for 22 disease
18 late 19 -
18 late 22 disease
20 onset 22 disease
21 alzheimer 22 disease
22 disease 24 ad
23 ( 24 ad
24 ad 25 )
26 , 28 mechanism
26 , 38 understood
27 the 28 mechanism
28 mechanism 29 of
28 mechanism 35 is
29 of 31 effects
30 its 31 effects
31 effects 32 on
32 on 34 pathogenesis
33 ad 34 pathogenesis
35 is 36 not
35 is 38 understood
37 fully 38 understood

we aimed to investigate the effects of apoe [genotype] on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in cognitively normal [(] cn [ )( . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 10 on
2 aimed 15 in
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 8 apoe
10 on 14 metabolism
11 regional 13 glucose
12 cerebral 13 glucose
13 glucose 14 metabolism
15 in 19 cn
16 cognitively 17 normal
17 normal 19 cn

we further tried to elucidate whether or not such effects are associated with beta - amyloid protein ( aβ ) deposition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 3 tried
2 further 3 tried
3 tried 4 to
3 tried 5 elucidate
4 to 5 elucidate
5 elucidate 8 not
5 elucidate 21 deposition
6 whether 7 or
7 or 8 not
8 not 10 effects
8 not 12 associated
9 such 10 effects
10 effects 11 are
11 are 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 beta
14 beta 17 protein
15 - 17 protein
16 amyloid 17 protein
17 protein 19 aβ
17 protein 20 )
18 ( 19 aβ
19 aβ 20 )

methods : 31 cn elderly participants underwent clinical examination , a range of neuropsychological tests , apoe genotyping , and pittsburgh compound - b - and fluorodeoxyglucose - pet scans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 participants
2 : 7 underwent
2 : 10 ,
2 : 28 -
3 31 6 participants
4 cn 6 participants
5 elderly 6 participants
6 participants 7 underwent
7 underwent 9 examination
8 clinical 9 examination
10 , 26 and
11 a 12 range
12 range 13 of
12 range 26 and
13 of 15 tests
14 neuropsychological 15 tests
15 tests 23 -
16 , 23 -
17 apoe 18 genotyping
18 genotyping 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 compound
20 and 23 -
21 pittsburgh 22 compound
23 - 24 b
23 - 25 -
25 - 26 and
26 and 27 fluorodeoxyglucose
28 - 29 pet
28 - 30 scans
28 - 31 .
29 pet 30 scans

results : 17 apoe ε4 carriers and 15 [non] - carriers were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 carriers
3 17 6 carriers
4 apoe 6 carriers
5 ε4 6 carriers
7 and 8 15
7 and 10 -
8 15 10 -
10 - 11 carriers
11 carriers 12 were
12 were 13 included

both hypometabolic and hypermetabolic regions were observed in ε4 carriers compared with noncarriers when age , education , and sex were controlled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
1 both 5 regions
2 hypometabolic 3 and
3 and 4 hypermetabolic
3 and 5 regions
5 regions 6 were
6 were 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
7 observed 14 when
8 in 10 carriers
9 ε4 10 carriers
10 carriers 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
12 with 13 noncarriers
14 when 19 and
14 when 22 controlled
15 age 16 ,
16 , 17 education
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 sex
19 and 21 were
21 were 22 controlled
22 controlled 23 .

when the degree of global cerebral aβ deposition was adjusted , the hypometabolic regions in the temporo - parietal area ( i.e [.] , ba 22 and 39 ) largely disappeared , whereas the hypermetabolic regions persisted in medial frontal and anterior temporal areas ( i.e [.] , ba 38 , 11 [,] and 39 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 when 3 degree
1 when 10 adjusted
1 when 14 regions
2 the 3 degree
3 degree 4 of
3 degree 9 was
4 of 8 deposition
5 global 8 deposition
6 cerebral 8 deposition
7 aβ 8 deposition
9 was 10 adjusted
10 adjusted 11 ,
12 the 14 regions
13 hypometabolic 14 regions
14 regions 15 in
14 regions 22 i.e
14 regions 25 ba
14 regions 31 disappeared
15 in 20 area
16 the 20 area
17 temporo 18 -
17 temporo 20 area
19 parietal 20 area
21 ( 22 i.e
22 i.e 24 ,
24 , 25 ba
25 ba 27 and
25 ba 29 )
26 22 27 and
27 and 28 39
30 largely 31 disappeared
31 disappeared 33 whereas
32 , 33 whereas
33 whereas 36 regions
34 the 36 regions
35 hypermetabolic 36 regions
36 regions 37 persisted
37 persisted 38 in
38 in 44 areas
39 medial 44 areas
40 frontal 41 and
41 and 42 anterior
41 and 44 areas
43 temporal 44 areas
44 areas 46 i.e
44 areas 49 ba
44 areas 54 and
45 ( 46 i.e
46 i.e 48 ,
48 , 49 ba
49 ba 50 38
49 ba 51 ,
51 , 54 and
52 11 54 and
54 and 55 39
54 and 56 )

behaviorally , verbal episodic memory scores of apoe ε4 carriers were slightly lower than those of noncarriers , [though] still within normal range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 behaviorally 2 ,
1 behaviorally 6 scores
3 verbal 5 memory
4 episodic 5 memory
5 memory 6 scores
6 scores 7 of
6 scores 10 carriers
6 scores 16 of
6 scores 18 ,
7 of 8 apoe
9 ε4 10 carriers
10 carriers 11 were
11 were 13 lower
12 slightly 13 lower
13 lower 14 than
14 than 15 those
15 those 16 of
17 noncarriers 18 ,
18 , 20 still
18 , 21 within
21 within 23 range
22 normal 23 range

human aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle [mass] and force generating capacity , however the exact mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 human
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 human 2 aging
1 human 3 is
1 human 4 associated
2 aging 3 is
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 decline
6 a 8 decline
7 progressive 8 decline
8 decline 9 in
9 in 13 and
10 skeletal 11 muscle
11 muscle 13 and
13 and 14 force
13 and 15 generating
15 generating 16 capacity
17 , 21 mechanisms
17 , 28 understood
18 however 21 mechanisms
19 the 21 mechanisms
20 exact 21 mechanisms
21 mechanisms 22 underlying
21 mechanisms 25 are
22 underlying 24 changes
23 these 24 changes
25 are 26 not
25 are 27 fully
25 are 28 understood

rodents models have often been used to enhance our understanding of mechanisms of age - related changes in human skeletal muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 rodents 2 models
2 models 3 have
3 have 5 been
4 often 5 been
5 been 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 enhance
7 to 8 enhance
8 enhance 10 understanding
9 our 10 understanding
10 understanding 11 of
10 understanding 13 of
11 of 12 mechanisms
13 of 14 age
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 changes
16 related 18 in
18 in 21 muscle
19 human 21 muscle
20 skeletal 21 muscle

however , to [what] extent age - related alterations in determinants of muscle force generating capacity observed in rodents resemble those in humans has not been considered thoroughly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 age
3 to 5 extent
3 to 6 age
6 age 24 has
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 alterations
8 related 10 in
8 related 22 in
8 related 24 has
10 in 11 determinants
11 determinants 12 of
11 determinants 16 capacity
11 determinants 20 resemble
12 of 15 generating
13 muscle 15 generating
14 force 15 generating
16 capacity 17 observed
17 observed 18 in
17 observed 20 resemble
18 in 19 rodents
20 resemble 21 those
22 in 23 humans
24 has 25 not
24 has 26 been
26 been 27 considered
27 considered 28 thoroughly

this review compares the effect of aging on muscle force generating determinants ( muscle [mass] , fiber size , fiber number , fiber type distribution and muscle specific tension ) , in men and male rodents at similar relative age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compares
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 compares
3 compares 5 effect
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 18 size
6 of 7 aging
7 aging 8 on
8 on 10 force
9 muscle 10 force
10 force 11 generating
10 force 14 muscle
11 generating 12 determinants
13 ( 14 muscle
14 muscle 16 ,
16 , 18 size
17 fiber 18 size
18 size 26 and
18 size 32 in
18 size 41 .
19 , 26 and
20 fiber 21 number
21 number 22 ,
22 , 25 distribution
22 , 26 and
23 fiber 25 distribution
24 type 25 distribution
26 and 29 tension
26 and 30 )
27 muscle 29 tension
28 specific 29 tension
31 , 32 in
32 in 34 and
32 in 41 .
33 men 34 and
34 and 36 rodents
34 and 37 at
35 male 36 rodents
37 at 40 age
38 similar 40 age
39 relative 40 age

it appears that muscle aging in male f344*bn rat resembles that in men [most] [;] 32 - 35 - month [-] old rats exhibit similar signs of muscle weakness to those of 70 - 80 [-] yr - old men , and the decline in 36 - 38 [-] month - old rats [is] similar to that in men aged over 80 yrs . 
1 it 2 appears
2 appears 3 that
3 that 4 muscle
3 that 10 resembles
4 muscle 5 aging
4 muscle 10 resembles
5 aging 6 in
6 in 9 rat
7 male 9 rat
8 f344*bn 9 rat
10 resembles 11 that
11 that 12 in
12 in 13 men
13 men 16 32
13 men 24 exhibit
16 32 19 -
16 32 24 exhibit
17 - 19 -
18 35 19 -
19 - 23 rats
20 month 23 rats
22 old 23 rats
24 exhibit 26 signs
25 similar 26 signs
26 signs 27 of
26 signs 30 to
27 of 29 weakness
28 muscle 29 weakness
30 to 42 and
31 those 32 of
31 those 42 and
32 of 33 70
33 70 38 -
34 - 38 -
35 80 37 yr
37 yr 38 -
38 - 40 men
38 - 41 ,
39 old 40 men
42 and 44 decline
42 and 47 -
42 and 50 month
42 and 53 rats
43 the 44 decline
44 decline 45 in
45 in 46 36
47 - 50 month
48 38 50 month
50 month 51 -
51 - 53 rats
52 old 53 rats
53 rats 55 similar
53 rats 58 in
55 similar 56 to
56 to 57 that
58 in 59 men
59 men 60 aged
60 aged 61 over
61 over 63 yrs
62 80 63 yrs
63 yrs 64 .

for male c57bl/6 mice , age - related decline in muscle force generating capacity seems to occur only at higher relative age than in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 for 3 c57bl/6
1 for 9 decline
2 male 3 c57bl/6
3 c57bl/6 4 mice
3 c57bl/6 8 related
4 mice 6 age
4 mice 8 related
5 , 6 age
6 age 7 -
9 decline 10 in
9 decline 20 higher
9 decline 22 age
9 decline 23 than
10 in 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 force
11 muscle 19 at
12 force 13 generating
12 force 15 seems
13 generating 14 capacity
15 seems 16 to
15 seems 17 occur
16 to 17 occur
17 occur 18 only
17 occur 19 at
21 relative 22 age
23 than 24 in
24 in 25 men

we conclude that the effects on determinants of muscle force differ between species as well as within species , but qualitatively show the same pattern as that observed in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 effects
3 that 20 but
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 on
5 effects 20 but
6 on 7 determinants
7 determinants 8 of
8 of 10 force
9 muscle 10 force
11 differ 12 between
11 differ 15 well
11 differ 16 as
11 differ 20 but
12 between 13 species
14 as 15 well
16 as 17 within
17 within 18 species
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 show
21 qualitatively 22 show
22 show 25 pattern
22 show 26 as
23 the 24 same
24 same 25 pattern
26 as 27 that
26 as 28 observed
27 that 28 observed
28 observed 29 in
29 in 30 men

impaired synaptic plasticity is implicated in the functional decline of the nervous system associated with ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 impaired 3 plasticity
2 synaptic 3 plasticity
3 plasticity 4 is
4 is 5 implicated
5 implicated 6 in
6 in 9 decline
7 the 9 decline
8 functional 9 decline
9 decline 10 of
10 of 13 system
11 the 13 system
12 nervous 13 system
13 system 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 ageing

understanding the structure of ageing synapses is essential to understanding the functions of these [synapses] and their role in the ageing nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 understanding 3 structure
1 understanding 6 synapses
1 understanding 7 is
2 the 3 structure
3 structure 4 of
3 structure 6 synapses
4 of 5 ageing
7 is 8 essential
8 essential 9 to
9 to 10 understanding
10 understanding 12 functions
10 understanding 19 in
11 the 12 functions
12 functions 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 these 16 and
16 and 18 role
17 their 18 role
19 in 23 system
20 the 23 system
21 ageing 23 system
22 nervous 23 system

in this review , we summarize studies on ageing [synapses] in vertebrates and invertebrates , focusing on changes in morphology and ultrastructure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 summarize
6 summarize 7 studies
6 summarize 8 on
6 summarize 11 in
6 summarize 17 on
6 summarize 19 in
8 on 9 ageing
11 in 13 and
12 vertebrates 13 and
13 and 14 invertebrates
13 and 15 ,
13 and 16 focusing
17 on 18 changes
19 in 21 and
20 morphology 21 and
21 and 22 ultrastructure

we cover different parts of the nervous system , including the brain , the retina , the cochlea , and the neuromuscular junction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cover
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 cover
2 cover 4 parts
3 different 4 parts
4 parts 5 of
5 of 8 system
6 the 8 system
7 nervous 8 system
8 system 10 including
9 , 10 including
10 including 12 brain
10 including 13 ,
11 the 12 brain
13 , 20 and
14 the 15 retina
15 retina 16 ,
16 , 18 cochlea
16 , 20 and
17 the 18 cochlea
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 junction
21 the 23 junction
22 neuromuscular 23 junction

the morphological characteristics [of] aged [synapses] could shed light on the underlying molecular changes and their functional consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 characteristics
2 morphological 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 5 aged
3 characteristics 7 could
7 could 8 shed
8 shed 9 light
8 shed 10 on
10 on 15 and
11 the 14 changes
12 underlying 14 changes
13 molecular 14 changes
14 changes 15 and
15 and 18 consequences
16 their 18 consequences
17 functional 18 consequences

processes that regulate quiescence , self [-] renewal , and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells ( hscs ) are not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 processes 2 that
1 processes 3 regulate
1 processes 10 and
1 processes 19 are
2 that 3 regulate
3 regulate 4 quiescence
5 , 10 and
6 self 8 renewal
8 renewal 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 differentiation
10 and 12 of
10 and 18 )
12 of 15 cells
13 hematopoietic 14 stem
14 stem 15 cells
15 cells 17 hscs
16 ( 17 hscs
17 hscs 18 )
19 are 20 not
19 are 21 well
19 are 22 understood

owing [,] in part [,] to the ability [of] xenobiotic [ligands] to have persistent effects on the immune system in experimental animals [,] there has been much work to define a physiological role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( ahr ) and its relationship to human disease . 
1 owing 4 part
1 owing 19 system
1 owing 25 has
3 in 4 part
4 part 6 to
6 to 8 ability
7 the 8 ability
8 ability 10 xenobiotic
10 xenobiotic 12 to
10 xenobiotic 16 on
12 to 13 have
13 have 15 effects
13 have 16 on
14 persistent 15 effects
17 the 19 system
18 immune 19 system
19 system 20 in
19 system 24 there
20 in 22 animals
21 experimental 22 animals
25 has 26 been
26 been 28 work
26 been 29 to
27 much 28 work
29 to 30 define
30 define 42 and
31 a 33 role
32 physiological 33 role
33 role 34 of
33 role 42 and
34 of 38 receptor
35 the 38 receptor
36 aryl 37 hydrocarbon
37 hydrocarbon 38 receptor
38 receptor 40 ahr
39 ( 40 ahr
40 ahr 41 )
42 and 44 relationship
42 and 48 .
43 its 44 relationship
44 relationship 45 to
45 to 47 disease
46 human 47 disease

persistent ahr activation by dioxin , a potent agonist , results in altered numbers and function of hscs in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 persistent 2 ahr
2 ahr 3 activation
3 activation 4 by
3 activation 11 results
4 by 5 dioxin
5 dioxin 9 agonist
6 , 9 agonist
7 a 8 potent
7 a 9 agonist
8 potent 9 agonist
9 agonist 10 ,
11 results 12 in
11 results 19 in
12 in 15 and
13 altered 14 numbers
14 numbers 15 and
15 and 16 function
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 hscs
19 in 20 mice

hscs from ahr [(] [-] / [-] [ )(knockout [(] [ko] ) mice are hyperproliferative and [have] an altered cell cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 hscs 13 mice
2 from 3 ahr
2 from 12 )
2 from 13 mice
3 ahr 6 /
6 / 9 )(knockout
13 mice 14 are
14 are 16 and
15 hyperproliferative 16 and
16 and 21 cycle
18 an 21 cycle
19 altered 20 cell
20 cell 21 cycle

aging [ko] mice show characteristics consistent with premature bone marrow exhaustion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 aging 3 mice
3 mice 4 show
4 show 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 consistent
6 consistent 7 with
7 with 11 exhaustion
8 premature 9 bone
9 bone 11 exhaustion
10 marrow 11 exhaustion

we propose that the increased proliferation of hscs lacking ahr expression or activity is a result of loss of quiescence , and as such [,] ahr normally acts as a negative regulator to curb excessive or unnecessary proliferation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 22 and
2 propose 3 that
2 propose 22 and
3 that 6 proliferation
3 that 14 is
4 the 6 proliferation
5 increased 6 proliferation
6 proliferation 7 of
6 proliferation 14 is
7 of 12 or
8 hscs 9 lacking
8 hscs 12 or
9 lacking 11 expression
10 ahr 11 expression
12 or 13 activity
14 is 16 result
15 a 16 result
16 result 17 of
17 of 18 loss
18 loss 19 of
19 of 20 quiescence
21 , 22 and
22 and 34 curb
23 as 26 ahr
23 as 28 acts
24 such 26 ahr
26 ahr 28 acts
27 normally 28 acts
28 acts 29 as
28 acts 33 to
29 as 32 regulator
30 a 31 negative
30 a 32 regulator
31 negative 32 regulator
33 to 34 curb
34 curb 36 or
35 excessive 36 or
36 or 38 proliferation
37 unnecessary 38 proliferation

similarly , prolonged [and/or] inappropriate stimulation of ahr activity may compromise the ability of hscs to sense environmental signals that allow these cells to balance quiescence , proliferation , migration , and differentiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compromise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 6 stimulation
3 prolonged 6 stimulation
5 inappropriate 6 stimulation
6 stimulation 7 of
6 stimulation 10 may
7 of 9 activity
8 ahr 9 activity
10 may 11 compromise
11 compromise 13 ability
11 compromise 24 to
12 the 13 ability
13 ability 14 of
13 ability 16 to
13 ability 17 sense
14 of 15 hscs
16 to 17 sense
17 sense 19 signals
18 environmental 19 signals
19 signals 20 that
19 signals 21 allow
20 that 21 allow
21 allow 23 cells
22 these 23 cells
24 to 32 and
25 balance 26 quiescence
26 quiescence 27 ,
27 , 28 proliferation
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 migration
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 differentiation

these data and others support a hypothesis that deregulation of ahr [function] has an important role in hsc regulation and in the etiology [and/or] progression of certain hematopoietic diseases , many of which are associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 and
3 and 4 others
3 and 5 support
5 support 7 hypothesis
6 a 7 hypothesis
7 hypothesis 8 that
8 that 9 deregulation
8 that 13 has
9 deregulation 10 of
9 deregulation 13 has
10 of 11 ahr
13 has 16 role
14 an 15 important
14 an 16 role
15 important 16 role
16 role 20 and
16 role 26 of
17 in 19 regulation
17 in 20 and
18 hsc 19 regulation
20 and 21 in
21 in 25 progression
22 the 25 progression
23 etiology 25 progression
26 of 29 diseases
27 certain 29 diseases
28 hematopoietic 29 diseases
30 , 31 many
30 , 35 associated
31 many 32 of
31 many 34 are
32 of 33 which
34 are 35 associated
35 associated 36 with
36 with 37 aging

background : the prevalence of extended [-] spectrum β - lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae ( esbl - e ) is increasing worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 19 is
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 19 is
5 of 9 β
6 extended 8 spectrum
8 spectrum 9 β
9 β 16 -
10 - 16 -
11 lactamase 12 producing
11 lactamase 16 -
12 producing 15 esbl
13 enterobacteriaceae 15 esbl
14 ( 15 esbl
16 - 17 e
16 - 18 )
19 is 20 increasing
20 increasing 21 worldwide

esbl [-] e are known to colonize different body sites and cause bloodstream infections ( bsi ) , pneumonia , [intra] - abdominal infections and urinary tract infections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 esbl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
1 esbl 3 e
1 esbl 4 are
4 are 5 known
5 known 6 to
5 known 11 and
6 to 11 and
7 colonize 10 sites
7 colonize 11 and
8 different 9 body
9 body 10 sites
11 and 12 cause
12 cause 14 infections
13 bloodstream 14 infections
14 infections 16 bsi
14 infections 19 pneumonia
14 infections 25 and
15 ( 16 bsi
16 bsi 17 )
18 , 19 pneumonia
19 pneumonia 20 ,
22 - 25 and
23 abdominal 24 infections
24 infections 25 and
25 and 28 infections
25 and 29 .
26 urinary 27 tract
27 tract 28 infections

even though esbl - e - related morbidity and mortality in high - risk patients - patients receiving immunosuppressants or chemotherapy , as well as those treated in an icu - is considerable , the management of esbl [-] e in these populations has not been systematically reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 even 2 though
2 though 3 esbl
2 though 32 is
3 esbl 6 -
3 esbl 32 is
4 - 6 -
5 e 6 -
6 - 9 and
6 - 31 -
7 related 8 morbidity
8 morbidity 9 and
9 and 10 mortality
9 and 11 in
9 and 18 receiving
11 in 17 patients
12 high 15 patients
12 high 17 patients
13 - 15 patients
14 risk 15 patients
15 patients 16 -
18 receiving 20 or
18 receiving 23 as
19 immunosuppressants 20 or
20 or 21 chemotherapy
22 , 23 as
23 as 24 well
23 as 31 -
24 well 25 as
24 well 28 in
25 as 26 those
26 those 27 treated
28 in 30 icu
29 an 30 icu
32 is 33 considerable
34 , 36 management
34 , 48 reviewed
35 the 36 management
36 management 37 of
36 management 44 has
37 of 38 esbl
38 esbl 40 e
38 esbl 41 in
41 in 43 populations
42 these 43 populations
44 has 45 not
44 has 46 been
46 been 48 reviewed
47 systematically 48 reviewed

methods : for the purpose of this review , icu patients , patients in hematology and oncology wards and transplant recipients were considered high - risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 5 purpose
4 the 5 purpose
5 purpose 6 of
5 purpose 11 patients
6 of 8 review
7 this 8 review
9 , 11 patients
10 icu 11 patients
11 patients 12 ,
12 , 19 and
12 , 23 considered
13 patients 14 in
13 patients 16 and
14 in 15 hematology
16 and 18 wards
16 and 19 and
17 oncology 18 wards
19 and 21 recipients
19 and 22 were
20 transplant 21 recipients
22 were 23 considered
23 considered 26 risk
24 high 25 -
24 high 26 risk

an english - language medline search was conducted to identify literature on epidemiology , risk factors , clinical impact and measures of infection control regarding esbl [-] e in high - risk patients published between june 2002 and may 2013 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 search
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 an 6 search
2 english 3 -
2 english 4 language
4 language 6 search
5 medline 6 search
6 search 7 was
7 was 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 to
8 conducted 12 on
8 conducted 29 in
8 conducted 35 between
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 11 literature
12 on 20 and
13 epidemiology 14 ,
14 , 16 factors
14 , 17 ,
15 risk 16 factors
17 , 19 impact
17 , 20 and
18 clinical 19 impact
20 and 21 measures
21 measures 22 of
21 measures 25 regarding
22 of 24 control
23 infection 24 control
25 regarding 26 esbl
26 esbl 28 e
29 in 33 patients
30 high 31 -
30 high 33 patients
32 risk 33 patients
33 patients 34 published
35 between 38 and
36 june 37 2002
36 june 38 and
38 and 39 may
39 may 40 2013

results : using the [above] described methodology , 43 [relevant] articles regarding high - risk patients [and] - for areas where literature on exclusively high - risk patients is scarce - 17 articles in standard risk settings were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 7 methodology
4 the 7 methodology
6 described 7 methodology
8 , 9 43
9 43 11 articles
11 articles 13 high
11 articles 19 for
12 regarding 13 high
13 high 16 patients
14 - 16 patients
15 risk 16 patients
16 patients 18 -
19 for 20 areas
20 areas 21 where
20 areas 32 17
21 where 22 literature
21 where 29 is
22 literature 23 on
22 literature 29 is
23 on 28 patients
24 exclusively 25 high
25 high 26 -
25 high 28 patients
27 risk 28 patients
29 is 30 scarce
31 - 32 17
32 17 33 articles
32 17 38 were
32 17 39 identified
32 17 40 .
33 articles 34 in
33 articles 38 were
34 in 37 settings
35 standard 37 settings
36 risk 37 settings

the evidence on epidemiology , associated risk factors , treatment and hygiene measures were summarized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 summarized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 on
2 evidence 5 ,
3 on 4 epidemiology
5 , 8 factors
5 , 9 ,
6 associated 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 , 10 treatment
9 , 11 and
11 and 13 measures
11 and 14 were
12 hygiene 13 measures
14 were 15 summarized

discussion : this review gives a complete overview on the management of esbl [-] e in the high - risk setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 review
2 : 5 gives
3 this 4 review
4 review 5 gives
5 gives 8 overview
6 a 8 overview
7 complete 8 overview
8 overview 9 on
8 overview 12 of
9 on 11 management
10 the 11 management
12 of 13 esbl
13 esbl 15 e
13 esbl 16 in
13 esbl 21 setting
16 in 20 risk
17 the 20 risk
18 high 19 -
18 high 20 risk

tinea pedis , which is a dermatophytic infection of the feet , can involve the interdigital web spaces or the sides of the feet and may be a chronic or recurring condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pedis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 tinea 2 pedis
3 , 4 which
3 , 5 is
3 , 12 ,
4 which 5 is
5 is 8 infection
6 a 7 dermatophytic
6 a 8 infection
7 dermatophytic 8 infection
8 infection 9 of
9 of 11 feet
10 the 11 feet
12 , 25 and
13 can 14 involve
13 can 25 and
14 involve 19 or
15 the 18 spaces
16 interdigital 17 web
17 web 18 spaces
18 spaces 19 or
19 or 21 sides
19 or 22 of
20 the 21 sides
22 of 24 feet
23 the 24 feet
25 and 26 may
26 may 27 be
27 be 32 condition
28 a 32 condition
29 chronic 30 or
30 or 31 recurring
30 or 32 condition

the most common etiological agents are anthropophiles , including trichophyton rubrum sensu stricto , which is the most common , followed by trichophyton interdigitale and epidermophyton floccosum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 agents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 5 agents
2 most 3 common
3 common 5 agents
4 etiological 5 agents
5 agents 6 are
6 are 7 anthropophiles
7 anthropophiles 9 including
8 , 9 including
9 including 11 rubrum
9 including 12 sensu
9 including 14 ,
10 trichophyton 11 rubrum
12 sensu 13 stricto
14 , 15 which
14 , 20 ,
15 which 20 ,
16 is 19 common
16 is 20 ,
17 the 19 common
18 most 19 common
20 , 21 followed
20 , 22 by
20 , 27 floccosum
22 by 23 trichophyton
24 interdigitale 25 and
25 and 26 epidermophyton
25 and 27 floccosum

there has been a change in this research arena , necessitating [a] re - [evaluation] [of] our knowledge on the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
1 there 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 5 change
4 a 5 change
5 change 6 in
6 in 9 arena
7 this 9 arena
8 research 9 arena
9 arena 11 necessitating
10 , 11 necessitating
11 necessitating 13 re
11 necessitating 19 on
11 necessitating 25 perspective
11 necessitating 26 .
13 re 14 -
13 re 18 knowledge
17 our 18 knowledge
19 on 21 topic
20 the 21 topic
21 topic 22 from
22 from 24 multidisciplinary
23 a 24 multidisciplinary

thus , this review aimed to provide a solid overview of the current status and changing patterns of tinea pedis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 review
3 this 4 review
4 review 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 7 provide
6 to 7 provide
7 provide 10 overview
8 a 10 overview
9 solid 10 overview
10 overview 11 of
10 overview 18 of
11 of 15 and
12 the 14 status
13 current 14 status
14 status 15 and
15 and 17 patterns
16 changing 17 patterns
18 of 20 pedis
19 tinea 20 pedis

the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a global increase in tinea pedis and a clonal spread of one major etiologic agent [,] t [.] rubrum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 witnessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 second
1 the 3 half
3 half 4 of
3 half 8 witnessed
4 of 7 century
5 the 7 century
6 twentieth 7 century
8 witnessed 11 increase
8 witnessed 12 in
9 a 11 increase
10 global 11 increase
12 in 15 and
13 tinea 14 pedis
14 pedis 15 and
15 and 18 spread
15 and 19 of
16 a 17 clonal
16 a 18 spread
17 clonal 18 spread
19 of 27 rubrum
20 one 27 rubrum
21 major 23 agent
22 etiologic 23 agent
23 agent 25 t
23 agent 27 rubrum

this phenomenon is likely due to increases in urbanization and the use of sports and fitness facilities , the growing prevalence of obesity and the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phenomenon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 phenomenon
2 phenomenon 3 is
3 is 4 likely
4 likely 6 to
5 due 6 to
6 to 7 increases
7 increases 8 in
7 increases 13 of
8 in 10 and
9 urbanization 10 and
10 and 12 use
11 the 12 use
13 of 24 and
14 sports 15 and
15 and 17 facilities
15 and 18 ,
16 fitness 17 facilities
18 , 21 prevalence
18 , 24 and
19 the 21 prevalence
20 growing 21 prevalence
21 prevalence 22 of
22 of 23 obesity
24 and 27 population
25 the 27 population
26 aging 27 population

for optimal patient care and management , the diagnosis of tinea pedis should be verified by microbiological analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 for 5 and
1 for 7 ,
1 for 9 diagnosis
2 optimal 4 care
3 patient 4 care
4 care 5 and
5 and 6 management
8 the 9 diagnosis
9 diagnosis 10 of
9 diagnosis 13 should
10 of 12 pedis
11 tinea 12 pedis
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 verified
15 verified 16 by
16 by 18 analysis
17 microbiological 18 analysis

in this review , we discuss the epidemiology , clinical forms , complications and mycological characteristics of tinea pedis and we highlight the pathogenesis , prevention and control parameters of this infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 8 epidemiology
7 the 8 epidemiology
9 , 20 and
9 , 22 highlight
10 clinical 11 forms
11 forms 12 ,
12 , 13 complications
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 characteristics
14 and 17 of
14 and 20 and
15 mycological 16 characteristics
17 of 19 pedis
18 tinea 19 pedis
20 and 21 we
20 and 22 highlight
22 highlight 27 and
23 the 27 and
24 pathogenesis 25 ,
25 , 26 prevention
25 , 27 and
27 and 29 parameters
27 and 30 of
28 control 29 parameters
30 of 32 infection
31 this 32 infection

phenotypic traits are often influenced by dynamic resource allocation trade - offs which , when occurring over the course of individual lifespan , may manifest as trait aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 traits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 influenced
1 phenotypic 2 traits
2 traits 3 are
3 are 4 often
3 are 5 influenced
5 influenced 6 by
6 by 10 trade
7 dynamic 8 resource
8 resource 10 trade
9 allocation 10 trade
10 trade 12 offs
11 - 12 offs
12 offs 13 which
12 offs 24 may
12 offs 25 manifest
12 offs 29 .
13 which 24 may
14 , 15 when
15 when 16 occurring
15 when 23 ,
15 when 24 may
16 occurring 17 over
17 over 19 course
18 the 19 course
19 course 20 of
20 of 22 lifespan
21 individual 22 lifespan
25 manifest 26 as
26 as 28 aging
27 trait 28 aging

although aging is studied for a variety of traits that are closely tied to reproduction or reproductive effort , the aging of multiple traits related to fitness in other ways are less well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 2 aging
1 although 4 studied
1 although 30 ways
2 aging 3 is
3 is 4 studied
4 studied 5 for
5 for 7 variety
6 a 7 variety
7 variety 8 of
8 of 9 traits
9 traits 10 that
9 traits 11 are
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 closely
11 are 13 tied
13 tied 14 to
14 to 16 or
15 reproduction 16 or
16 or 18 effort
16 or 19 ,
16 or 21 aging
16 or 28 in
17 reproductive 18 effort
20 the 21 aging
21 aging 22 of
21 aging 25 related
22 of 24 traits
23 multiple 24 traits
25 related 26 to
25 related 28 in
26 to 27 fitness
29 other 30 ways
30 ways 31 are
31 are 32 less
31 are 34 understood
33 well 34 understood

we took advantage of almost 30 years of data on human whole - organism performance in the national basketball association ( usa ) to examine trends of aging in performance traits associated with scoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 took
2 took 3 advantage
2 took 16 in
2 took 24 to
3 advantage 4 of
3 advantage 8 of
4 of 7 years
5 almost 6 30
6 30 7 years
8 of 9 data
9 data 10 on
10 on 15 performance
11 human 15 performance
12 whole 13 -
12 whole 15 performance
14 organism 15 performance
16 in 20 association
17 the 20 association
18 national 19 basketball
19 basketball 20 association
20 association 22 usa
21 ( 22 usa
22 usa 23 )
24 to 25 examine
25 examine 26 trends
26 trends 27 of
26 trends 31 traits
26 trends 34 scoring
27 of 28 aging
28 aging 29 in
29 in 30 performance
31 traits 32 associated
32 associated 33 with
33 with 34 scoring

given [that] patterns of aging differ between sexes in other animal species , we also analyzed a smaller dataset on players in the women 's national basketball association to test for potential sex differences in the aging of comparable traits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 given 3 patterns
3 patterns 4 of
3 patterns 6 differ
4 of 5 aging
6 differ 7 between
6 differ 9 in
7 between 8 sexes
9 in 12 species
10 other 12 species
11 animal 12 species
13 , 14 we
13 , 16 analyzed
14 we 16 analyzed
15 also 16 analyzed
16 analyzed 19 dataset
16 analyzed 25 's
17 a 19 dataset
18 smaller 19 dataset
19 dataset 20 on
19 dataset 25 's
20 on 21 players
21 players 22 in
22 in 24 women
23 the 24 women
25 's 28 association
25 's 31 for
25 's 35 in
26 national 27 basketball
27 basketball 28 association
28 association 29 to
28 association 30 test
29 to 30 test
31 for 34 differences
32 potential 33 sex
33 sex 34 differences
35 in 37 aging
36 the 37 aging
37 aging 38 of
38 of 40 traits
39 comparable 40 traits

we tested the hypothesis that age - related changes in a specific aspect of overall performance can be compensated for by elevated expression of another , related aspect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 4 hypothesis
2 tested 21 by
3 the 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 that
4 hypothesis 20 for
5 that 6 age
5 that 19 compensated
6 age 17 can
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 changes
8 related 10 in
8 related 17 can
10 in 13 aspect
11 a 12 specific
11 a 13 aspect
12 specific 13 aspect
13 aspect 14 of
14 of 16 performance
15 overall 16 performance
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 compensated
19 compensated 20 for
21 by 23 expression
22 elevated 23 expression
23 expression 24 of
24 of 25 another
26 , 28 aspect
27 related 28 aspect

our analyses suggest that the aging of performance traits used in basketball is generally characterized by senescence in males , whereas age - related changes in basketball performance are less evident in females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 our 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 aging
4 that 15 characterized
5 the 6 aging
6 aging 7 of
6 aging 13 is
7 of 9 traits
8 performance 9 traits
9 traits 10 used
10 used 11 in
11 in 12 basketball
13 is 15 characterized
14 generally 15 characterized
15 characterized 16 by
15 characterized 18 in
16 by 17 senescence
18 in 19 males
20 , 25 changes
20 , 29 are
21 whereas 22 age
21 whereas 23 -
21 whereas 25 changes
24 related 25 changes
25 changes 26 in
25 changes 29 are
26 in 28 performance
27 basketball 28 performance
29 are 31 evident
30 less 31 evident
31 evident 32 in
32 in 33 females

our data also indicate a different rate of senescence of different performance traits associated with scoring over a male 's lifetime . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 4 indicate
3 also 4 indicate
4 indicate 7 rate
5 a 7 rate
6 different 7 rate
7 rate 8 of
7 rate 14 associated
8 of 9 senescence
9 senescence 10 of
10 of 13 traits
11 different 12 performance
12 performance 13 traits
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 17 over
15 with 16 scoring
17 over 21 lifetime
18 a 19 male
19 male 20 's
20 's 21 lifetime

[none] disorders of the skeleton are one of the most common causes of chronic pain and long - term physical disability in the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 disorders 3 of
2 disorders 6 are
3 of 5 skeleton
4 the 5 skeleton
6 are 7 one
6 are 22 in
7 one 8 of
8 of 16 and
9 the 10 most
10 most 12 causes
11 common 12 causes
12 causes 13 of
12 causes 16 and
13 of 15 pain
14 chronic 15 pain
16 and 21 disability
17 long 18 -
17 long 19 term
19 term 21 disability
20 physical 21 disability
22 in 24 world
23 the 24 world

chronic skeletal pain is caused by a remarkably diverse group of conditions including trauma - induced fracture , osteoarthritis , osteoporosis , low back pain , orthopedic procedures , celiac disease , sickle cell disease and bone cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 chronic 3 pain
2 skeletal 3 pain
3 pain 4 is
4 is 5 caused
5 caused 6 by
6 by 12 conditions
7 a 10 group
8 remarkably 9 diverse
9 diverse 10 group
10 group 11 of
10 group 12 conditions
11 of 12 conditions
12 conditions 13 including
13 including 14 trauma
15 - 17 fracture
15 - 18 ,
15 - 32 ,
16 induced 17 fracture
18 , 19 osteoarthritis
18 , 23 low
19 osteoarthritis 21 osteoporosis
19 osteoarthritis 23 low
20 , 21 osteoporosis
21 osteoporosis 22 ,
23 low 25 pain
24 back 25 pain
25 pain 28 procedures
25 pain 31 disease
26 , 28 procedures
27 orthopedic 28 procedures
28 procedures 29 ,
29 , 31 disease
30 celiac 31 disease
31 disease 32 ,
32 , 36 and
33 sickle 35 disease
34 cell 35 disease
35 disease 36 and
36 and 38 cancer
37 bone 38 cancer

while these disorders are diverse , what they share [in] [common] is that when chronic skeletal pain occurs in these disorders , there are currently few therapies that can fully control the pain without significant unwanted side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 what
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 while 3 disorders
1 while 4 are
1 while 6 ,
1 while 7 what
2 these 3 disorders
3 disorders 4 are
4 are 5 diverse
7 what 8 they
7 what 9 share
7 what 12 is
8 they 9 share
12 is 13 that
13 that 23 there
13 that 24 are
14 when 17 pain
14 when 18 occurs
14 when 22 ,
14 when 23 there
15 chronic 17 pain
16 skeletal 17 pain
17 pain 18 occurs
18 occurs 19 in
19 in 21 disorders
20 these 21 disorders
23 there 24 are
24 are 25 currently
24 are 26 few
26 few 27 therapies
26 few 31 control
27 therapies 28 that
27 therapies 29 can
27 therapies 31 control
28 that 29 can
30 fully 31 control
31 control 33 pain
32 the 33 pain
33 pain 34 without
34 without 38 effects
35 significant 37 side
36 unwanted 37 side
37 side 38 effects

in this review we focus on recent advances in our knowledge concerning the unique population of primary afferent sensory nerve fibers that innervate the skeleton , the nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms that are involved in driving skeletal pain , and the neurochemical and structural changes that can occur in sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers and the cns in chronic skeletal pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 focus
5 focus 6 on
6 on 8 advances
7 recent 8 advances
8 advances 9 in
8 advances 12 concerning
8 advances 16 of
9 in 11 knowledge
10 our 11 knowledge
12 concerning 15 population
13 the 15 population
14 unique 15 population
16 of 21 fibers
17 primary 18 afferent
18 afferent 21 fibers
19 sensory 20 nerve
20 nerve 21 fibers
21 fibers 22 that
21 fibers 23 innervate
22 that 23 innervate
23 innervate 29 and
23 innervate 58 in
24 the 25 skeleton
25 skeleton 26 ,
26 , 28 nociceptive
26 , 29 and
27 the 28 nociceptive
29 and 31 mechanisms
29 and 32 that
29 and 33 are
30 neuropathic 31 mechanisms
32 that 33 are
33 are 34 involved
34 involved 35 in
35 in 36 driving
36 driving 43 and
36 driving 49 in
37 skeletal 38 pain
38 pain 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 neurochemical
40 and 43 and
41 the 42 neurochemical
43 and 45 changes
43 and 46 that
43 and 47 can
44 structural 45 changes
46 that 47 can
47 can 48 occur
49 in 55 and
50 sensory 51 and
51 and 54 fibers
51 and 55 and
52 sympathetic 53 nerve
53 nerve 54 fibers
55 and 57 cns
56 the 57 cns
58 in 61 pain
59 chronic 61 pain
60 skeletal 61 pain

we also discuss therapies targeting nerve growth factor [or] sclerostin for treating skeletal pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 3 discuss
2 also 3 discuss
3 discuss 4 therapies
3 discuss 11 for
4 therapies 5 targeting
5 targeting 10 sclerostin
6 nerve 7 growth
7 growth 10 sclerostin
8 factor 10 sclerostin
11 for 12 treating
12 treating 14 pain
13 skeletal 14 pain

these therapies have provided unique insight into the factors that drive skeletal pain and the structural decline that occurs in the aging skeleton . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 therapies
2 therapies 3 have
3 have 4 provided
4 provided 6 insight
4 provided 7 into
5 unique 6 insight
7 into 9 factors
8 the 9 factors
9 factors 10 that
9 factors 11 drive
10 that 11 drive
11 drive 14 and
11 drive 20 in
12 skeletal 13 pain
13 pain 14 and
14 and 17 decline
14 and 18 that
14 and 19 occurs
15 the 17 decline
16 structural 17 decline
18 that 19 occurs
20 in 23 skeleton
21 the 23 skeleton
22 aging 23 skeleton

we conclude by discussing how these advances have changed our understanding and potentially the therapeutic options for treating [and/or] preventing chronic pain in the injured , diseased and aged skeleton . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 by
2 conclude 7 advances
2 conclude 9 changed
3 by 4 discussing
4 discussing 5 how
6 these 7 advances
7 advances 8 have
8 have 9 changed
9 changed 12 and
9 changed 23 in
10 our 11 understanding
11 understanding 12 and
12 and 13 potentially
12 and 16 options
14 the 16 options
15 therapeutic 16 options
16 options 17 for
16 options 20 preventing
17 for 18 treating
20 preventing 22 pain
21 chronic 22 pain
23 in 28 and
24 the 25 injured
25 injured 26 ,
26 , 27 diseased
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 skeleton
29 aged 30 skeleton

introduction : aging is considered to be one of the most complicated and heterogeneous phenomena and is the main risk factor for most chronic diseases , disabilities and declining health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 aging
2 : 5 considered
3 aging 4 is
4 is 5 considered
5 considered 6 to
5 considered 16 and
6 to 16 and
7 be 8 one
7 be 16 and
8 one 9 of
9 of 15 phenomena
10 the 11 most
11 most 15 phenomena
12 complicated 13 and
13 and 14 heterogeneous
13 and 15 phenomena
16 and 17 is
17 is 28 and
18 the 19 main
18 the 21 factor
20 risk 21 factor
21 factor 22 for
21 factor 26 ,
22 for 25 diseases
23 most 25 diseases
24 chronic 25 diseases
26 , 27 disabilities
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 health
29 declining 30 health

aging cells cease to divide [and] [drive] the progression of illness through various pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 aging 2 cells
2 cells 3 cease
3 cease 4 to
3 cease 5 divide
4 to 5 divide
5 divide 9 progression
5 divide 12 through
8 the 9 progression
9 progression 10 of
10 of 11 illness
12 through 14 pathways
13 various 14 pathways

over the years , a number of anti - aging medicines of natural and synthetic origin have been introduced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 medicines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 introduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 over 3 years
1 over 4 ,
1 over 11 medicines
2 the 3 years
5 a 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 11 medicines
7 of 11 medicines
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 11 medicines
10 aging 11 medicines
11 medicines 12 of
11 medicines 17 have
12 of 16 origin
13 natural 14 and
14 and 15 synthetic
14 and 16 origin
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 introduced

indeed , some studies have identified senescent cells as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of aging and age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 4 studies
3 some 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 18 and
6 identified 8 cells
7 senescent 8 cells
8 cells 9 as
8 cells 16 of
8 cells 18 and
9 as 12 targets
10 potential 12 targets
11 therapeutic 12 targets
12 targets 13 in
13 in 15 treatment
14 the 15 treatment
16 of 17 aging
18 and 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 diseases

areas covered : in this review , the authors highlight [and] critically review the possible mechanisms of the aging process and related illnesses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 covered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 areas 2 covered
2 covered 3 :
3 : 4 in
4 in 6 review
5 this 6 review
7 , 9 authors
7 , 21 and
8 the 9 authors
9 authors 21 and
10 highlight 12 critically
10 highlight 13 review
10 highlight 21 and
13 review 16 mechanisms
13 review 20 process
14 the 16 mechanisms
15 possible 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 of
16 mechanisms 20 process
17 of 19 aging
18 the 19 aging
21 and 22 related
21 and 23 illnesses

the authors give particular attention to illnesses , including alzheimer 's disease , parkinson 's disease , skin aging and cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 give
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 give
3 give 5 attention
3 give 18 skin
3 give 20 and
4 particular 5 attention
5 attention 6 to
5 attention 9 including
6 to 7 illnesses
8 , 9 including
9 including 12 disease
9 including 17 ,
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 12 disease
12 disease 16 disease
13 , 16 disease
14 parkinson 15 's
15 's 16 disease
16 disease 17 ,
18 skin 19 aging
20 and 22 diseases
21 cardiovascular 22 diseases

expert opinion : several reports have highlighted that mitochondria are a key factor in the progression of aging and neurodegenerative illnesses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 opinion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 expert 2 opinion
3 : 4 several
3 : 10 are
4 several 5 reports
4 several 7 highlighted
4 several 10 are
5 reports 6 have
6 have 7 highlighted
7 highlighted 9 mitochondria
8 that 9 mitochondria
10 are 13 factor
10 are 14 in
11 a 13 factor
12 key 13 factor
14 in 19 and
15 the 16 progression
16 progression 17 of
16 progression 19 and
17 of 18 aging
19 and 21 illnesses
20 neurodegenerative 21 illnesses

this is due to their production of extra amounts of reactive oxygen species , which leads into progressive caspase - dependent apoptosis and cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 to
3 due 4 to
4 to 6 production
5 their 6 production
6 production 7 of
6 production 15 which
7 of 13 species
8 extra 9 amounts
9 amounts 10 of
9 amounts 13 species
10 of 13 species
11 reactive 12 oxygen
12 oxygen 13 species
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 leads
15 which 20 -
16 leads 17 into
17 into 19 caspase
18 progressive 19 caspase
20 - 23 and
21 dependent 22 apoptosis
22 apoptosis 23 and
23 and 25 death
24 cell 25 death

therefore , strategies to prevent/reduce oxidative stress - [mediated] aging , whether environmental , nutritional and pharmacological , need to be taken into account . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 strategies
3 strategies 4 to
3 strategies 10 aging
3 strategies 19 need
4 to 7 stress
5 prevent/reduce 7 stress
6 oxidative 7 stress
8 - 10 aging
10 aging 12 whether
10 aging 18 ,
11 , 12 whether
12 whether 16 and
12 whether 18 ,
13 environmental 14 ,
14 , 15 nutritional
14 , 16 and
16 and 17 pharmacological
19 need 20 to
19 need 24 account
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 taken
23 into 24 account

presently , drosophila [melanogaster] and caenorhabditis elegans , which focus on the evolutionary and genetic foundations of aging , have helped to establish the screening of several synthetic and natural compounds with large cohorts in a quick manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 caenorhabditis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 elegans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 presently 2 ,
1 presently 6 caenorhabditis
3 drosophila 5 and
5 and 6 caenorhabditis
6 caenorhabditis 7 elegans
8 , 9 which
8 , 19 ,
9 which 19 ,
10 focus 11 on
10 focus 19 ,
11 on 14 and
12 the 13 evolutionary
13 evolutionary 14 and
14 and 16 foundations
14 and 17 of
15 genetic 16 foundations
17 of 18 aging
19 , 20 have
20 have 21 helped
21 helped 22 to
21 helped 23 establish
22 to 23 establish
23 establish 25 screening
23 establish 32 with
24 the 25 screening
25 screening 26 of
26 of 31 compounds
27 several 31 compounds
28 synthetic 29 and
29 and 30 natural
29 and 31 compounds
32 with 34 cohorts
32 with 35 in
33 large 34 cohorts
35 in 38 manner
36 a 37 quick
36 a 38 manner
37 quick 38 manner

however , there is yet to be any efficient experimental evidence to prove the exact role of senescent cells in age - related dysfunction and further studies are required to better understand these processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 prove
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 5 yet
4 is 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 11 evidence
7 be 12 to
8 any 11 evidence
9 efficient 11 evidence
10 experimental 11 evidence
12 to 13 prove
13 prove 16 role
13 prove 20 in
14 the 16 role
15 exact 16 role
16 role 17 of
17 of 19 cells
18 senescent 19 cells
20 in 21 age
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 dysfunction
25 and 27 studies
25 and 29 required
26 further 27 studies
27 studies 28 are
28 are 29 required
29 required 30 to
30 to 32 understand
31 better 32 understand
32 understand 34 processes
33 these 34 processes

red blood cells ( rbc ) have been considered almost exclusively as a transporter of metabolic gases and nutrients for the tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 red 2 blood
2 blood 3 cells
3 cells 5 rbc
3 cells 7 have
4 ( 5 rbc
5 rbc 6 )
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 considered
9 considered 11 exclusively
9 considered 12 as
10 almost 11 exclusively
12 as 14 transporter
13 a 14 transporter
14 transporter 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 metabolic 17 gases
17 gases 18 and
18 and 19 nutrients
18 and 20 for
20 for 22 tissues
21 the 22 tissues

it is an accepted dogma that rbcs take up and inactivate endothelium - derived no via rapid reaction with oxyhemoglobin to form methemoglobin and nitrate , thereby limiting no available for vasodilatation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 5 dogma
2 is 6 that
3 an 5 dogma
4 accepted 5 dogma
6 that 7 rbcs
6 that 10 and
7 rbcs 10 and
8 take 9 up
8 take 10 and
10 and 11 inactivate
10 and 28 limiting
11 inactivate 12 endothelium
12 endothelium 24 and
13 - 24 and
14 derived 15 no
15 no 16 via
15 no 19 with
15 no 24 and
16 via 18 reaction
17 rapid 18 reaction
19 with 20 oxyhemoglobin
20 oxyhemoglobin 21 to
21 to 23 methemoglobin
22 form 23 methemoglobin
24 and 25 nitrate
24 and 26 ,
26 , 28 limiting
27 thereby 28 limiting
28 limiting 29 no
28 limiting 31 for
28 limiting 33 .
29 no 30 available
31 for 32 vasodilatation

yet it has also been shown that rbcs [not] only act as " no sinks " , but exert an erythrocrine function - i.e an endocrine function of rbc - by synthesizing , transporting and releasing no metabolic products and atp , thereby potentially controlling systemic no bioavailability and vascular tone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 i.e
1 yet 2 it
2 it 3 has
3 has 5 been
4 also 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 that
7 that 8 rbcs
7 that 18 but
8 rbcs 18 but
10 only 11 act
11 act 12 as
11 act 18 but
12 as 13 "
12 as 15 sinks
14 no 15 sinks
15 sinks 16 "
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 exert
19 exert 22 function
20 an 22 function
21 erythrocrine 22 function
23 - 24 i.e
24 i.e 40 and
25 an 27 function
26 endocrine 27 function
27 function 28 of
27 function 35 and
28 of 34 transporting
29 rbc 31 by
29 rbc 34 transporting
30 - 31 by
31 by 32 synthesizing
31 by 33 ,
35 and 39 products
35 and 40 and
36 releasing 39 products
37 no 39 products
38 metabolic 39 products
40 and 41 atp
40 and 52 .
41 atp 45 controlling
42 , 45 controlling
43 thereby 45 controlling
44 potentially 45 controlling
45 controlling 49 and
45 controlling 52 .
46 systemic 48 bioavailability
47 no 48 bioavailability
48 bioavailability 49 and
49 and 51 tone
50 vascular 51 tone

recent work from our [and] others laboratory demonstrated that human rbcs carry an active type 3 , endothelial no synthase ( enos ) , constitutively producing no under normoxic conditions , the activity of which is compromised in patients with coronary artery disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 recent 2 work
2 work 3 from
2 work 16 3
2 work 26 producing
3 from 6 others
4 our 6 others
6 others 11 rbcs
6 others 12 carry
7 laboratory 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 11 rbcs
9 that 10 human
10 human 11 rbcs
11 rbcs 12 carry
12 carry 15 type
13 an 14 active
13 an 15 type
14 active 15 type
16 3 20 synthase
17 , 20 synthase
18 endothelial 20 synthase
19 no 20 synthase
20 synthase 22 enos
20 synthase 24 ,
21 ( 22 enos
22 enos 23 )
24 , 26 producing
25 constitutively 26 producing
26 producing 27 no
26 producing 28 under
26 producing 31 ,
28 under 30 conditions
29 normoxic 30 conditions
31 , 33 activity
31 , 37 compromised
32 the 33 activity
33 activity 34 of
33 activity 37 compromised
34 of 35 which
34 of 36 is
35 which 36 is
37 compromised 38 in
37 compromised 40 with
38 in 39 patients
40 with 43 disease
41 coronary 42 artery
42 artery 43 disease

in this review we aim to discuss the potential role of red cell enos in rbc signaling and function , and to critically revise evidence to this date showing a role of [non] [-] endothelial circulating enos in cardiovascular pathophysiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 21 and
5 aim 6 to
5 aim 18 and
5 aim 21 and
6 to 18 and
7 discuss 10 role
7 discuss 18 and
8 the 10 role
9 potential 10 role
10 role 11 of
10 role 17 signaling
11 of 14 enos
12 red 13 cell
13 cell 14 enos
14 enos 15 in
15 in 16 rbc
18 and 19 function
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 to
21 and 24 revise
22 to 24 revise
23 critically 24 revise
24 revise 25 evidence
25 evidence 26 to
25 evidence 32 of
26 to 28 date
27 this 28 date
28 date 29 showing
29 showing 31 role
30 a 31 role
32 of 37 enos
35 endothelial 37 enos
36 circulating 37 enos
37 enos 38 in
38 in 40 pathophysiology
39 cardiovascular 40 pathophysiology

oxidative stress including dna damage , increased lipid and protein oxidation , are important features of aging and neurodegeneration suggesting that endogenous antioxidant protective pathways are inadequate or overwhelmed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 oxidative 28 or
2 stress 9 and
2 stress 13 are
2 stress 28 or
3 including 5 damage
4 dna 5 damage
5 damage 6 ,
6 , 8 lipid
6 , 9 and
7 increased 8 lipid
9 and 11 oxidation
9 and 12 ,
9 and 13 are
10 protein 11 oxidation
13 are 18 and
14 important 15 features
15 features 16 of
15 features 18 and
16 of 17 aging
18 and 19 neurodegeneration
19 neurodegeneration 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 21 that
21 that 25 pathways
21 that 26 are
22 endogenous 25 pathways
23 antioxidant 25 pathways
24 protective 25 pathways
25 pathways 26 are
26 are 27 inadequate
28 or 29 overwhelmed

importantly , oxidative protein damage contributes to age - dependent accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria or protein aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 5 damage
3 oxidative 4 protein
4 protein 5 damage
5 damage 6 contributes
6 contributes 7 to
7 to 8 age
9 - 11 accumulation
9 - 17 aggregates
9 - 18 .
10 dependent 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
11 accumulation 17 aggregates
12 of 15 or
13 dysfunctional 14 mitochondria
14 mitochondria 15 or
15 or 16 protein

in addition , environmental toxins such as rotenone and paraquat , which are risk factors for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases , also promote protein oxidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 9 and
1 in 24 promote
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 5 toxins
3 , 9 and
4 environmental 5 toxins
5 toxins 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 8 rotenone
9 and 10 paraquat
9 and 12 which
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 are
12 which 22 ,
13 are 14 risk
14 risk 15 factors
15 factors 16 for
16 for 18 pathogenesis
17 the 18 pathogenesis
18 pathogenesis 19 of
19 of 21 diseases
20 neurodegenerative 21 diseases
23 also 24 promote
24 promote 26 oxidation
25 protein 26 oxidation

the obvious approach of supplementing the primary antioxidant systems designed to suppress the initiation of oxidative stress has been tested in animal models and positive results were obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 approach
2 obvious 3 approach
3 approach 4 of
3 approach 10 designed
3 approach 18 has
4 of 5 supplementing
5 supplementing 9 systems
6 the 9 systems
7 primary 9 systems
8 antioxidant 9 systems
10 designed 11 to
10 designed 12 suppress
11 to 12 suppress
12 suppress 14 initiation
13 the 14 initiation
14 initiation 15 of
15 of 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 tested
20 tested 21 in
21 in 23 models
22 animal 23 models
24 and 26 results
24 and 27 were
25 positive 26 results
26 results 27 were
27 were 28 obtained

however , these findings have not been effectively translated to treating human patients , and clinical trials for antioxidant therapies using radical scavenging molecules such as α - tocopherol , ascorbate and coenzyme q have met with limited success , highlighting several limitations to this approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 translated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 have
5 have 6 not
5 have 7 been
7 been 8 effectively
7 been 9 translated
9 translated 10 to
10 to 11 treating
11 treating 13 patients
12 human 13 patients
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 trials
15 and 36 met
16 clinical 17 trials
17 trials 18 for
17 trials 21 using
17 trials 35 have
18 for 20 therapies
19 antioxidant 20 therapies
21 using 24 molecules
21 using 26 as
22 radical 24 molecules
23 scavenging 24 molecules
25 such 26 as
26 as 32 and
27 α 29 tocopherol
27 α 30 ,
27 α 31 ascorbate
28 - 29 tocopherol
29 tocopherol 30 ,
31 ascorbate 32 and
32 and 33 coenzyme
33 coenzyme 34 q
35 have 36 met
36 met 37 with
36 met 41 highlighting
37 with 39 success
38 limited 39 success
40 , 41 highlighting
41 highlighting 43 limitations
41 highlighting 47 .
42 several 43 limitations
43 limitations 44 to
44 to 46 approach
45 this 46 approach

therefore , alternative approaches that can circumvent these limitations are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 approaches
3 alternative 4 approaches
4 approaches 5 that
4 approaches 6 can
4 approaches 10 are
5 that 6 can
6 can 7 circumvent
7 circumvent 9 limitations
8 these 9 limitations
10 are 11 needed

while not previously considered an antioxidant system we propose that the autophagy - lysosomal activities , may serve this essential function in neurodegenerative diseases by removing damaged or dysfunctional proteins and organelles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 while 8 we
1 while 9 propose
1 while 18 serve
2 not 4 considered
2 not 8 we
3 previously 4 considered
4 considered 7 system
5 an 6 antioxidant
5 an 7 system
6 antioxidant 7 system
8 we 9 propose
9 propose 10 that
10 that 12 autophagy
10 that 17 may
11 the 12 autophagy
12 autophagy 15 activities
12 autophagy 17 may
13 - 15 activities
14 lysosomal 15 activities
15 activities 16 ,
18 serve 21 function
18 serve 22 in
19 this 21 function
20 essential 21 function
22 in 31 and
23 neurodegenerative 24 diseases
24 diseases 25 by
24 diseases 28 or
25 by 26 removing
26 removing 27 damaged
28 or 30 proteins
28 or 31 and
29 dysfunctional 30 proteins
31 and 32 organelles

purpose/introduction : the canadian hypertension education program ( chep ) has identified blood pressure ( bp ) control as a key target for an overall reduction in cardiovascular disease risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose/introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 purpose/introduction 2 :
2 : 4 canadian
3 the 4 canadian
4 canadian 9 chep
4 canadian 18 control
5 hypertension 6 education
6 education 7 program
7 program 9 chep
8 ( 9 chep
9 chep 10 )
9 chep 11 has
11 has 14 pressure
11 has 18 control
12 identified 13 blood
13 blood 14 pressure
14 pressure 16 bp
15 ( 16 bp
16 bp 17 )
18 control 19 as
18 control 23 for
19 as 22 target
20 a 22 target
21 key 22 target
23 for 26 reduction
24 an 26 reduction
25 overall 26 reduction
26 reduction 27 in
27 in 30 risk
28 cardiovascular 29 disease
29 disease 30 risk

the power survey ( physicians ' observational work on patient education according to their vascular risk ) used framingham methodology to investigate the impact of an angiotensin - receptor - blocker - based [regimen] on arterial bp and total coronary heart disease ( chd ) risk in a subset of patients recruited in canada . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 blocker
1 the 3 survey
2 power 3 survey
3 survey 8 work
3 survey 18 used
4 ( 8 work
5 physicians 6 '
6 ' 8 work
7 observational 8 work
8 work 9 on
8 work 17 )
9 on 12 according
10 patient 11 education
11 education 12 according
12 according 13 to
13 to 16 risk
14 their 16 risk
15 vascular 16 risk
18 used 20 methodology
18 used 21 to
18 used 22 investigate
19 framingham 20 methodology
21 to 22 investigate
22 investigate 24 impact
23 the 24 impact
24 impact 25 of
25 of 27 angiotensin
26 an 27 angiotensin
28 - 29 receptor
28 - 30 -
30 - 31 blocker
31 blocker 33 based
32 - 33 based
33 based 35 on
33 based 47 in
33 based 53 in
33 based 55 .
35 on 46 risk
36 arterial 46 risk
37 bp 38 and
38 and 42 disease
38 and 44 chd
38 and 46 risk
39 total 41 heart
40 coronary 41 heart
41 heart 42 disease
43 ( 44 chd
44 chd 45 )
47 in 49 subset
48 a 49 subset
49 subset 50 of
49 subset 52 recruited
50 of 51 patients
53 in 54 canada

methods : 309 canadian practices screened for patients with either newly diagnosed or uncontrolled mild/moderate hypertension ( sitting systolic blood pressure [ sbp []] >140 [mmhg] with diastolic blood pressure [ dbp ] < 110 mmhg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 13 or
3 309 4 canadian
4 canadian 5 practices
5 practices 6 screened
5 practices 12 diagnosed
5 practices 13 or
6 screened 7 for
6 screened 9 with
7 for 8 patients
9 with 10 either
11 newly 12 diagnosed
13 or 16 hypertension
13 or 18 sitting
14 uncontrolled 15 mild/moderate
15 mild/moderate 16 hypertension
17 ( 18 sitting
18 sitting 21 pressure
18 sitting 37 )
19 systolic 20 blood
20 blood 21 pressure
21 pressure 23 sbp
22 [ 23 sbp
23 sbp 25 >140
23 sbp 37 )
25 >140 27 with
27 with 30 pressure
27 with 36 mmhg
28 diastolic 30 pressure
29 blood 30 pressure
30 pressure 32 dbp
31 [ 32 dbp
32 dbp 33 ]
34 < 35 110
35 110 36 mmhg

treatment comprised eprosartan 600 [mg/day] [with] add [-] on antihypertensive therapy after 1 month if required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 treatment 2 comprised
2 comprised 3 eprosartan
3 eprosartan 4 600
3 eprosartan 7 add
4 600 7 add
7 add 9 on
7 add 12 after
7 add 15 if
9 on 11 therapy
10 antihypertensive 11 therapy
12 after 14 month
13 1 14 month
15 if 16 required

the primary efficacy variable was change in sbp at 6 months ; the secondary variable was the absolute change in the framingham 10 - year chd risk score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 variable
2 primary 4 variable
3 efficacy 4 variable
4 variable 5 was
5 was 6 change
5 was 7 in
5 was 9 at
7 in 8 sbp
9 at 11 months
10 6 11 months
12 ; 15 variable
12 ; 16 was
13 the 15 variable
14 secondary 15 variable
15 variable 16 was
16 was 19 change
17 the 19 change
18 absolute 19 change
19 change 20 in
20 in 22 framingham
21 the 22 framingham
22 framingham 23 10
23 10 24 -
24 - 28 score
25 year 28 score
26 chd 28 score
27 risk 28 score

results : 1,385 patients were identified , of whom 1,114 were included in the intention [-] to - treat [(] itt [ )(cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 1,385
3 1,385 4 patients
3 1,385 5 were
3 1,385 6 identified
3 1,385 8 of
4 patients 5 were
7 , 8 of
8 of 9 whom
8 of 18 -
9 whom 10 1,114
9 whom 17 to
10 1,114 11 were
11 were 12 included
12 included 13 in
12 included 17 to
13 in 15 intention
14 the 15 intention
18 - 23 )(cohort
18 - 24 .
19 treat 23 )(cohort
21 itt 23 )(cohort

thirty - eight point four percent of itt patients were managed with monotherapy at 6 months , [versus] 35.2 [%] and 13.7 % with two - drug or multiple - drug therapy , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 eight
2 - 4 point
4 point 6 percent
4 point 12 with
4 point 34 respectively
5 four 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
6 percent 11 managed
7 of 8 itt
8 itt 9 patients
8 itt 10 were
9 patients 10 were
12 with 28 or
13 monotherapy 14 at
13 monotherapy 28 or
14 at 15 6
15 6 16 months
15 6 27 drug
16 months 23 %
16 months 27 drug
17 , 23 %
19 35.2 21 and
21 and 22 13.7
21 and 23 %
23 % 24 with
23 % 26 -
24 with 25 two
28 or 32 therapy
28 or 33 ,
29 multiple 30 -
29 multiple 31 drug
31 drug 32 therapy

sbp in the itt cohort declined 22.4 ( standard deviation [ sd ] [14.8] ) [mmhg] and dbp declined 10.5 ( sd [10.3] ) [mmhg] during that time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sbp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 sbp 2 in
1 sbp 6 declined
2 in 5 cohort
3 the 5 cohort
4 itt 5 cohort
6 declined 7 22.4
7 22.4 10 deviation
8 ( 10 deviation
9 standard 10 deviation
10 deviation 12 sd
10 deviation 15 )
11 [ 12 sd
12 sd 13 ]
17 and 18 dbp
17 and 19 declined
18 dbp 19 declined
19 declined 20 10.5
19 declined 26 during
20 10.5 22 sd
21 ( 22 sd
22 sd 24 )
26 during 28 time
27 that 28 time

the absolute mean framingham score declined 2.1 ( sd 3.1 [ )(points with significant age and sex variation ( p<0.001 ) and differences between the various framingham methods used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 declined
1 the 5 score
2 absolute 3 mean
3 mean 5 score
4 framingham 5 score
5 score 6 declined
6 declined 7 2.1
7 2.1 12 )(points
8 ( 12 )(points
9 sd 12 )(points
10 3.1 12 )(points
12 )(points 13 with
12 )(points 30 .
13 with 22 and
14 significant 15 age
15 age 16 and
16 and 18 variation
16 and 20 p<0.001
16 and 22 and
17 sex 18 variation
19 ( 20 p<0.001
20 p<0.001 21 )
22 and 23 differences
22 and 24 between
24 between 28 methods
25 the 28 methods
26 various 28 methods
27 framingham 28 methods
28 methods 29 used

discussion/conclusion : primary care physicians were able to use a strategy of bp lowering and chd risk assessment to achieve significant reductions in bp and framingham - assessed chd risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion/conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 discussion/conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 care
3 primary 4 care
4 care 5 physicians
4 care 14 lowering
5 physicians 6 were
6 were 7 able
7 able 8 to
7 able 9 use
8 to 9 use
9 use 11 strategy
10 a 11 strategy
11 strategy 12 of
11 strategy 14 lowering
12 of 13 bp
15 and 16 chd
15 and 17 risk
16 chd 17 risk
17 risk 18 assessment
17 risk 19 to
19 to 20 achieve
20 achieve 22 reductions
20 achieve 23 in
21 significant 22 reductions
23 in 30 risk
24 bp 25 and
25 and 26 framingham
25 and 27 -
25 and 28 assessed
25 and 30 risk
29 chd 30 risk

the effect size estimate of the different framingham methods varied noticeably ; reasons for those differences warrant further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 estimate
2 effect 4 estimate
3 size 4 estimate
4 estimate 5 of
4 estimate 10 varied
5 of 9 methods
6 the 9 methods
7 different 9 methods
8 framingham 9 methods
10 varied 11 noticeably
12 ; 13 reasons
12 ; 17 warrant
13 reasons 14 for
13 reasons 17 warrant
14 for 16 differences
15 those 16 differences
17 warrant 19 investigation
18 further 19 investigation

none [age] at menopause marks the end of a woman 's reproductive life and its timing associates with risks for cancer , cardiovascular and bone disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 none 3 at
1 none 22 ,
3 at 5 marks
4 menopause 5 marks
5 marks 7 end
5 marks 17 associates
6 the 7 end
7 end 8 of
7 end 17 associates
8 of 14 and
9 a 10 woman
10 woman 11 's
11 's 13 life
12 reproductive 13 life
13 life 14 and
14 and 16 timing
15 its 16 timing
17 associates 18 with
18 with 19 risks
19 risks 20 for
20 for 21 cancer
22 , 23 cardiovascular
22 , 24 and
24 and 26 disorders
25 bone 26 disorders

gwas and candidate gene studies conducted in women of european ancestry [have] identified 27 loci associated with age [at] menopause . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 menopause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 gwas 2 and
2 and 3 candidate
2 and 5 studies
2 and 17 with
2 and 18 age
4 gene 5 studies
5 studies 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 in
7 in 8 women
8 women 9 of
9 of 15 loci
10 european 13 identified
11 ancestry 13 identified
13 identified 15 loci
14 27 15 loci
15 loci 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
18 age 20 menopause

the relevance of these loci to women [of] [african] [ancestry] has not been previously studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 relevance
2 relevance 3 of
2 relevance 11 has
3 of 5 loci
4 these 5 loci
5 loci 6 to
6 to 7 women
11 has 12 not
11 has 13 been
13 been 14 previously
13 been 15 studied

we therefore sought to uncover additional menopause loci and investigate the relevance of european menopause loci by performing a gwas meta - analysis in 6510 women with african ancestry derived [from] 11 studies across the usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 9 and
2 therefore 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 uncover
3 sought 9 and
4 to 5 uncover
5 uncover 8 loci
6 additional 7 menopause
7 menopause 8 loci
9 and 10 investigate
9 and 34 across
10 investigate 12 relevance
10 investigate 27 with
11 the 12 relevance
12 relevance 13 of
13 of 16 loci
14 european 15 menopause
15 menopause 16 loci
16 loci 17 by
17 by 18 performing
18 performing 23 analysis
18 performing 24 in
19 a 23 analysis
20 gwas 23 analysis
21 meta 22 -
21 meta 23 analysis
24 in 26 women
25 6510 26 women
27 with 33 studies
28 african 29 ancestry
29 ancestry 30 derived
30 derived 33 studies
32 11 33 studies
34 across 36 usa
35 the 36 usa

we did not identify any additional loci significantly associated with age at menopause [in] african americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 identify
4 identify 7 loci
5 any 7 loci
6 additional 7 loci
7 loci 9 associated
8 significantly 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 12 at
10 with 11 age
12 at 16 americans
13 menopause 16 americans
15 african 16 americans

we replicated the associations between six loci and age [at] menopause ( p - [value] < 0.05 ) : amhr2 , rhbld2 , prim1 , hk3/umc1 , brsk1/tmem150b and mcm8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 replicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 replicated
2 replicated 4 associations
2 replicated 5 between
2 replicated 14 -
3 the 4 associations
5 between 8 and
6 six 7 loci
7 loci 8 and
8 and 11 menopause
9 age 11 menopause
12 ( 14 -
13 p 14 -
14 - 16 <
14 - 18 )
16 < 17 0.05
19 : 20 amhr2
19 : 27 ,
20 amhr2 22 rhbld2
21 , 22 rhbld2
22 rhbld2 24 prim1
22 rhbld2 27 ,
23 , 24 prim1
24 prim1 26 hk3/umc1
24 prim1 27 ,
25 , 26 hk3/umc1
26 hk3/umc1 27 ,
27 , 29 and
28 brsk1/tmem150b 29 and
29 and 30 mcm8

in addition , associations of 14 loci are directionally consistent with previous reports . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 associations
4 associations 5 of
4 associations 8 are
5 of 7 loci
6 14 7 loci
8 are 9 directionally
8 are 10 consistent
10 consistent 11 with
11 with 13 reports
12 previous 13 reports

we provide evidence that genetic variants influencing reproductive traits identified in european populations are also important in women of african ancestry residing in usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 provide
2 provide 3 evidence
2 provide 17 in
3 evidence 4 that
4 that 6 variants
4 that 14 are
5 genetic 6 variants
6 variants 7 influencing
6 variants 10 identified
6 variants 14 are
7 influencing 9 traits
8 reproductive 9 traits
10 identified 11 in
11 in 13 populations
12 european 13 populations
14 are 15 also
14 are 16 important
17 in 18 women
18 women 19 of
19 of 22 residing
20 african 21 ancestry
21 ancestry 22 residing
22 residing 23 in
23 in 24 usa

the spt - ada - gcn5 - acetyltransferase ( saga ) chromatin - modifying complex possesses acetyltransferase and deubiquitinase activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 complex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 possesses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 15 complex
2 spt 4 ada
2 spt 12 chromatin
2 spt 15 complex
3 - 4 ada
4 ada 5 -
5 - 12 chromatin
6 gcn5 8 acetyltransferase
6 gcn5 12 chromatin
7 - 8 acetyltransferase
8 acetyltransferase 10 saga
8 acetyltransferase 11 )
9 ( 10 saga
10 saga 11 )
12 chromatin 13 -
14 modifying 15 complex
15 complex 16 possesses
16 possesses 18 and
17 acetyltransferase 18 and
18 and 20 activities
19 deubiquitinase 20 activities

within this modular complex , ataxin [-] 7 anchors the deubiquitinase activity to the larger complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ataxin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 anchors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 within 4 complex
1 within 5 ,
1 within 6 ataxin
2 this 4 complex
3 modular 4 complex
6 ataxin 8 7
6 ataxin 9 anchors
9 anchors 12 activity
9 anchors 13 to
10 the 12 activity
11 deubiquitinase 12 activity
13 to 16 complex
14 the 16 complex
15 larger 16 complex

here we identified and characterized drosophila ataxin - 7 [and] found that reduction of ataxin - 7 protein results in loss of components from the saga complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 4 and
3 identified 4 and
4 and 5 characterized
4 and 7 ataxin
6 drosophila 7 ataxin
7 ataxin 9 7
7 ataxin 11 found
8 - 9 7
9 7 11 found
11 found 13 reduction
11 found 19 results
11 found 20 in
12 that 13 reduction
13 reduction 14 of
14 of 15 ataxin
16 - 17 7
17 7 19 results
18 protein 19 results
20 in 21 loss
21 loss 22 of
21 loss 24 from
22 of 23 components
24 from 27 complex
25 the 27 complex
26 saga 27 complex

in contrast to yeast , [where] loss of ataxin - 7 inactivates the deubiquitinase and results in increased h2b ubiquitination , loss of ataxin - 7 results in decreased h2b ubiquitination and h3k9 acetylation without affecting other histone marks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 inactivates
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 3 to
2 contrast 12 inactivates
3 to 4 yeast
4 yeast 10 -
5 , 10 -
7 loss 8 of
7 loss 10 -
8 of 9 ataxin
10 - 11 7
12 inactivates 15 and
12 inactivates 17 in
13 the 15 and
14 deubiquitinase 15 and
15 and 16 results
17 in 20 ubiquitination
18 increased 20 ubiquitination
19 h2b 20 ubiquitination
20 ubiquitination 22 loss
20 ubiquitination 32 and
21 , 22 loss
22 loss 23 of
22 loss 25 -
23 of 24 ataxin
25 - 32 and
26 7 27 results
27 results 28 in
27 results 32 and
28 in 31 ubiquitination
29 decreased 31 ubiquitination
30 h2b 31 ubiquitination
32 and 34 acetylation
32 and 35 without
32 and 40 .
33 h3k9 34 acetylation
35 without 36 affecting
36 affecting 39 marks
37 other 39 marks
38 histone 39 marks

interestingly , the effect on ubiquitination was conserved in human cells , suggesting a novel mechanism regulating histone deubiquitination in higher organisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 conserved
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 on
4 effect 7 was
5 on 6 ubiquitination
7 was 8 conserved
8 conserved 9 in
8 conserved 13 suggesting
9 in 11 cells
10 human 11 cells
12 , 13 suggesting
13 suggesting 16 mechanism
13 suggesting 23 .
14 a 15 novel
14 a 16 mechanism
15 novel 16 mechanism
16 mechanism 17 regulating
17 regulating 19 deubiquitination
17 regulating 20 in
18 histone 19 deubiquitination
20 in 22 organisms
21 higher 22 organisms

consistent with this mechanism in vivo , we found that a recombinant deubiquitinase module is active in the absence of ataxin [-] 7 in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 6 vivo
1 consistent 7 ,
1 consistent 8 we
2 with 4 mechanism
3 this 4 mechanism
5 in 6 vivo
8 we 9 found
9 found 10 that
10 that 14 module
10 that 15 is
11 a 12 recombinant
11 a 14 module
12 recombinant 13 deubiquitinase
13 deubiquitinase 14 module
14 module 15 is
15 is 16 active
16 active 17 in
16 active 25 vitro
17 in 19 absence
18 the 19 absence
19 absence 20 of
20 of 21 ataxin
21 ataxin 23 7
24 in 25 vitro

when we examined the consequences of reduced ataxin - 7 in [vivo] , we found that flies exhibited pronounced neural and retinal degeneration , impaired movement , and early lethality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 when 2 we
1 when 3 examined
1 when 14 we
2 we 3 examined
3 examined 5 consequences
4 the 5 consequences
5 consequences 6 of
6 of 8 ataxin
7 reduced 8 ataxin
8 ataxin 11 in
9 - 11 in
10 7 11 in
11 in 13 ,
14 we 15 found
15 found 16 that
15 found 17 flies
15 found 21 and
17 flies 18 exhibited
17 flies 19 pronounced
19 pronounced 20 neural
21 and 23 degeneration
22 retinal 23 degeneration
24 , 28 and
25 impaired 26 movement
26 movement 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 lethality
29 early 30 lethality

objective : phonemic verbal fluency ( pvf ) is a cognitive function that involves serial processes termed clustering and switching and which is impacted in both normal aging and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 fluency
2 : 19 and
2 : 21 and
3 phonemic 5 fluency
4 verbal 5 fluency
5 fluency 7 pvf
5 fluency 9 is
6 ( 7 pvf
7 pvf 8 )
9 is 12 function
10 a 12 function
11 cognitive 12 function
12 function 13 that
12 function 19 and
13 that 14 involves
14 involves 16 processes
15 serial 16 processes
16 processes 19 and
17 termed 18 clustering
17 termed 19 and
19 and 20 switching
21 and 22 which
21 and 24 impacted
22 which 23 is
23 is 24 impacted
24 impacted 25 in
25 in 29 and
26 both 29 and
27 normal 28 aging
27 normal 29 and
29 and 30 dementia
29 and 31 .

the cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that appropriate cognitive stimulation could maintain [or] [improve] cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 hypothesis
2 cognitive 3 reserve
3 reserve 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 9 stimulation
6 that 11 maintain
7 appropriate 9 stimulation
8 cognitive 9 stimulation
9 stimulation 10 could
10 could 11 maintain
11 maintain 15 performance
14 cognitive 15 performance

this study examines the effect on pvf performance of a brief crossword - based intervention in a cognitively normal , community - based sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 5 effect
3 examines 6 on
4 the 5 effect
6 on 8 performance
7 pvf 8 performance
8 performance 9 of
9 of 12 crossword
10 a 11 brief
10 a 12 crossword
11 brief 12 crossword
12 crossword 15 intervention
13 - 15 intervention
14 based 15 intervention
15 intervention 16 in
15 intervention 22 -
16 in 21 community
17 a 18 cognitively
17 a 21 community
18 cognitively 19 normal
19 normal 20 ,
19 normal 21 community
22 - 24 sample
22 - 25 .
23 based 24 sample

methods : thirty - seven members of active retirement groups volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to a crossword group and a control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 assigned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 -
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 seven
4 - 6 members
4 - 17 assigned
6 members 7 of
6 members 11 volunteered
7 of 10 groups
8 active 9 retirement
9 retirement 10 groups
11 volunteered 12 to
11 volunteered 17 assigned
12 to 14 and
13 participate 14 and
14 and 15 were
15 were 17 assigned
16 randomly 17 assigned
17 assigned 18 to
18 to 22 and
19 a 21 group
20 crossword 21 group
21 group 22 and
22 and 25 group
23 a 25 group
24 control 25 group

the former attempted a crossword daily for 4 weeks while the latter kept a daily gratitude diary for the same period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 former
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 attempted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 former
2 former 3 attempted
3 attempted 5 crossword
4 a 5 crossword
5 crossword 6 daily
6 daily 7 for
6 daily 10 while
7 for 9 weeks
8 4 9 weeks
10 while 12 latter
10 while 13 kept
11 the 12 latter
12 latter 13 kept
13 kept 17 diary
14 a 15 daily
14 a 17 diary
15 daily 16 gratitude
16 gratitude 17 diary
17 diary 18 for
18 for 21 period
19 the 20 same
20 same 21 period

results : 2 × 2 mixed analyses of variance revealed that the crossword group performed significantly better over time than the control group in both total pvf score and in the cluster size component . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 7 analyses
3 2 7 analyses
4 × 6 mixed
5 2 6 mixed
6 mixed 7 analyses
7 analyses 8 of
7 analyses 11 that
7 analyses 17 better
8 of 9 variance
9 variance 10 revealed
11 that 14 group
11 that 17 better
12 the 14 group
13 crossword 14 group
14 group 15 performed
14 group 17 better
15 performed 16 significantly
17 better 29 and
18 over 19 time
18 over 29 and
19 time 23 group
19 time 28 score
20 than 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 control 23 group
23 group 24 in
23 group 28 score
24 in 27 pvf
25 both 27 pvf
26 total 27 pvf
29 and 30 in
30 in 34 component
31 the 34 component
32 cluster 34 component
33 size 34 component

conclusion : daily crosswords may be a simple and effective means of bolstering pvf performance in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 crosswords
2 : 6 be
3 daily 4 crosswords
4 crosswords 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 11 means
7 a 11 means
8 simple 9 and
9 and 10 effective
9 and 11 means
11 means 12 of
12 of 13 bolstering
13 bolstering 15 performance
13 bolstering 16 in
14 pvf 15 performance
16 in 18 people
17 older 18 people

none none importance : to describe the first case of preimplantation genetic diagnosis ( pgd ) and in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) performed for the prevention of genetic prion disease in the children of a 27 [-] year [-] old asymptomatic woman with a family history of gerstmann - sträussler - sheinker [syndrome] ( gss ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 none 3 importance
1 none 5 to
1 none 6 describe
2 none 3 importance
3 importance 4 :
4 : 5 to
6 describe 9 case
7 the 9 case
8 first 9 case
9 case 10 of
10 of 13 diagnosis
11 preimplantation 13 diagnosis
12 genetic 13 diagnosis
13 diagnosis 15 pgd
14 ( 15 pgd
15 pgd 16 )
17 and 20 fertilization
17 and 24 performed
18 in 19 vitro
19 vitro 20 fertilization
20 fertilization 22 ivf
20 fertilization 24 performed
21 ( 22 ivf
22 ivf 23 )
24 performed 25 for
24 performed 44 with
25 for 27 prevention
26 the 27 prevention
27 prevention 28 of
27 prevention 35 of
28 of 31 disease
29 genetic 30 prion
30 prion 31 disease
31 disease 32 in
32 in 34 children
33 the 34 children
35 of 43 woman
36 a 43 woman
37 27 39 year
39 year 43 woman
41 old 43 woman
42 asymptomatic 43 woman
44 with 47 history
45 a 47 history
46 family 47 history
47 history 48 of
47 history 51 sträussler
48 of 49 gerstmann
50 - 51 sträussler
51 sträussler 56 gss
51 sträussler 57 )
52 - 56 gss
53 sheinker 56 gss
55 ( 56 gss
56 gss 57 )

observations : pgd and fertilization cycles resulted in detection of 6 f198s mutation - free embryos . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 resulted
2 : 14 -
3 pgd 4 and
4 and 6 cycles
4 and 7 resulted
5 fertilization 6 cycles
7 resulted 8 in
8 in 9 detection
9 detection 10 of
10 of 13 mutation
11 6 12 f198s
12 f198s 13 mutation
14 - 16 embryos
15 free 16 embryos

of these , 2 were selected for embryo transfer to the patient 's uterus , yielding a clinical twin pregnancy and birth of healthy but slightly premature offspring with normal development at age 27 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 selected
1 of 2 these
1 of 3 ,
1 of 4 2
4 2 5 were
5 were 6 selected
6 selected 7 for
6 selected 10 to
6 selected 16 yielding
7 for 9 transfer
8 embryo 9 transfer
10 to 14 uterus
11 the 12 patient
12 patient 13 's
13 's 14 uterus
15 , 16 yielding
16 yielding 35 months
16 yielding 36 .
17 a 20 pregnancy
18 clinical 19 twin
19 twin 20 pregnancy
20 pregnancy 21 and
21 and 22 birth
21 and 23 of
21 and 29 with
21 and 35 months
23 of 28 offspring
24 healthy 25 but
25 but 27 premature
25 but 28 offspring
26 slightly 27 premature
29 with 31 development
30 normal 31 development
31 development 32 at
32 at 33 age
33 age 34 27

conclusion and relevance : ivf with pgd is a viable option for couples who wish to avoid passing the disease to their offspring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 conclusion 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 5 ivf
4 : 8 is
4 : 24 .
5 ivf 6 with
5 ivf 8 is
6 with 7 pgd
8 is 11 option
9 a 10 viable
9 a 11 option
10 viable 11 option
11 option 12 for
11 option 16 to
11 option 17 avoid
12 for 13 couples
13 couples 14 who
13 couples 15 wish
14 who 15 wish
16 to 17 avoid
17 avoid 18 passing
18 passing 20 disease
18 passing 21 to
19 the 20 disease
21 to 23 offspring
22 their 23 offspring

neurologists should be aware of pgd to be able to better consult at - risk families on their reproductive choices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neurologists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 neurologists 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 aware
4 aware 5 of
5 of 6 pgd
6 pgd 7 to
6 pgd 13 at
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 able
9 able 10 to
9 able 12 consult
10 to 12 consult
11 better 12 consult
12 consult 13 at
14 - 15 risk
14 - 21 .
15 risk 16 families
16 families 17 on
17 on 20 choices
18 their 20 choices
19 reproductive 20 choices

introduction : while there is consensus on how to treat acute appendicitis , the most suitable treatment for an appendiceal inflammatory mass is still debated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 17 treatment
2 : 23 is
3 while 4 there
3 while 5 is
3 while 13 ,
3 while 17 treatment
4 there 5 is
5 is 6 consensus
5 is 7 on
7 on 8 how
8 how 9 to
8 how 10 treat
9 to 10 treat
10 treat 12 appendicitis
11 acute 12 appendicitis
14 the 15 most
15 most 17 treatment
16 suitable 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 for
17 treatment 23 is
18 for 22 mass
19 an 22 mass
20 appendiceal 22 mass
21 inflammatory 22 mass
23 is 24 still
23 is 25 debated
24 still 25 debated

this study compares the outcomes of operative and nonoperative management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compares
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 compares
3 compares 5 outcomes
4 the 5 outcomes
5 outcomes 6 of
6 of 10 management
7 operative 8 and
8 and 9 nonoperative
8 and 10 management

material and methods : we retrospectively evaluated 119 patients ( 2007 - 2011 ) with an appendiceal inflammatory mass , 85 [of] [whom] were treated nonoperatively and [34] operatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 we
4 : 7 evaluated
4 : 20 ,
4 : 30 .
5 we 7 evaluated
6 retrospectively 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 9 patients
7 evaluated 15 with
8 119 9 patients
9 patients 12 -
10 ( 12 -
11 2007 12 -
12 - 13 2011
12 - 14 )
15 with 19 mass
16 an 17 appendiceal
16 an 19 mass
17 appendiceal 19 mass
18 inflammatory 19 mass
20 , 21 85
20 , 25 treated
21 85 24 were
24 were 25 treated
25 treated 27 and
26 nonoperatively 27 and
27 and 29 operatively

of the nonoperative patients , 69 did not receive interventional treatment and [16] underwent percutaneous drainage of an accompanying abscess ; the data for these patients were analyzed separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 69
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 of 4 patients
1 of 5 ,
1 of 6 69
2 the 4 patients
3 nonoperative 4 patients
6 69 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 12 and
9 receive 11 treatment
9 receive 12 and
10 interventional 11 treatment
12 and 14 underwent
12 and 16 drainage
15 percutaneous 16 drainage
16 drainage 17 of
17 of 20 abscess
18 an 20 abscess
19 accompanying 20 abscess
21 ; 23 data
21 ; 28 analyzed
22 the 23 data
23 data 24 for
23 data 27 were
24 for 26 patients
25 these 26 patients
27 were 28 analyzed
28 analyzed 29 separately

results : of the noninterventional managed patients , 49 ( 71.0 % ) experienced at least one recurrence and 37 ( 53.6 % ) ultimately needed an acute surgical or radiological intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 7 patients
4 the 7 patients
5 noninterventional 7 patients
6 managed 7 patients
8 , 9 49
8 , 14 experienced
8 , 19 and
9 49 12 %
9 49 14 experienced
10 ( 12 %
11 71.0 12 %
12 % 13 )
14 experienced 18 recurrence
15 at 16 least
16 least 17 one
17 one 18 recurrence
19 and 20 37
19 and 26 needed
20 37 23 %
20 37 26 needed
21 ( 23 %
22 53.6 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 ultimately 26 needed
26 needed 32 intervention
27 an 28 acute
27 an 32 intervention
28 acute 32 intervention
29 surgical 30 or
30 or 31 radiological
30 or 32 intervention

of the 16 patients who underwent percutaneous drainage , 7 ( 43.8 % ) experienced at least one recurrence and 6 ( 37.5 % ) underwent an acute surgical [or] [(] [second] ) percutaneous intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 7
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 experienced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 of 4 patients
1 of 9 ,
1 of 10 7
2 the 3 16
3 16 4 patients
4 patients 5 who
4 patients 6 underwent
5 who 6 underwent
6 underwent 8 drainage
7 percutaneous 8 drainage
10 7 13 %
10 7 15 experienced
11 ( 13 %
12 43.8 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 experienced 19 recurrence
16 at 17 least
17 least 18 one
18 one 19 recurrence
20 and 21 6
20 and 26 underwent
21 6 24 %
21 6 26 underwent
22 ( 24 %
23 37.5 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 underwent 35 intervention
27 an 28 acute
27 an 35 intervention
28 acute 35 intervention
29 surgical 33 )
29 surgical 35 intervention
34 percutaneous 35 intervention

none of the operated patients had a recurrence and the incidence of complications was 17.6 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 5 patients
2 of 5 patients
3 the 5 patients
4 operated 5 patients
5 patients 6 had
6 had 8 recurrence
7 a 8 recurrence
9 and 11 incidence
9 and 14 was
10 the 11 incidence
11 incidence 12 of
11 incidence 14 was
12 of 13 complications
14 was 16 %
15 17.6 16 %

the incidence of underlying malignant [tumor] in our study population was 5.9 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 11 was
3 of 4 underlying
4 underlying 5 malignant
5 malignant 7 in
7 in 10 population
8 our 10 population
9 study 10 population
11 was 13 %
12 5.9 13 %

in 35 patients , the definitive diagnosis remained unclear because the patients did not undergo surgery or follow - up colonoscopy after nonoperative treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 diagnosis
2 35 3 patients
5 the 7 diagnosis
6 definitive 7 diagnosis
7 diagnosis 8 remained
8 remained 9 unclear
9 unclear 10 because
10 because 12 patients
10 because 17 or
11 the 12 patients
12 patients 17 or
13 did 14 not
13 did 15 undergo
13 did 17 or
15 undergo 16 surgery
17 or 18 follow
19 - 20 up
19 - 25 .
20 up 21 colonoscopy
20 up 22 after
22 after 24 treatment
23 nonoperative 24 treatment

the rate of extensive [(] ileocecal [+] hemicolonic ) resection in all operated patients was 30.8 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 15 was
3 of 10 resection
4 extensive 10 resection
6 ileocecal 10 resection
8 hemicolonic 9 )
8 hemicolonic 10 resection
10 resection 11 in
11 in 14 patients
12 all 14 patients
13 operated 14 patients
15 was 17 %
16 30.8 17 %

noninterventional management or a percutaneous intervention should be reserved as a bridge to surgery for patients with a large accompanying abscess or [as] treatment for patients with significant comorbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 noninterventional 2 management
2 management 3 or
3 or 6 intervention
3 or 7 should
4 a 5 percutaneous
4 a 6 intervention
5 percutaneous 6 intervention
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 reserved
9 reserved 10 as
9 reserved 13 to
10 as 12 bridge
11 a 12 bridge
13 to 14 surgery
14 surgery 15 for
14 surgery 17 with
14 surgery 25 for
15 for 16 patients
17 with 22 or
18 a 19 large
18 a 21 abscess
19 large 21 abscess
20 accompanying 21 abscess
21 abscess 22 or
22 or 24 treatment
25 for 26 patients
26 patients 27 with
27 with 29 comorbidity
28 significant 29 comorbidity

if nonoperative treatment is chosen , follow - up colonoscopy is mandatory to exclude malignancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 if 3 treatment
1 if 5 chosen
1 if 6 ,
1 if 7 follow
2 nonoperative 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 is
4 is 5 chosen
5 chosen 6 ,
8 - 10 colonoscopy
8 - 11 is
8 - 16 .
9 up 10 colonoscopy
10 colonoscopy 11 is
11 is 12 mandatory
12 mandatory 13 to
12 mandatory 14 exclude
13 to 14 exclude
14 exclude 15 malignancy

[strategically] selecting patients for discussions and documentation about limiting life - sustaining treatments - choosing the right time along the end - [of] - life trajectory for such an intervention and identifying patients at high risk of facing end - of [-] life decisions - can have a profound impact on the value of advance care planning ( acp [ )(efforts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
2 selecting 3 patients
3 patients 4 for
3 patients 6 and
4 for 5 discussions
6 and 7 documentation
7 documentation 8 about
8 about 9 limiting
9 limiting 10 life
11 - 13 treatments
11 - 22 -
12 sustaining 13 treatments
13 treatments 15 choosing
14 - 15 choosing
15 choosing 18 time
15 choosing 19 along
15 choosing 22 -
16 the 18 time
17 right 18 time
19 along 21 end
20 the 21 end
22 - 24 -
24 - 36 risk
25 life 26 trajectory
26 trajectory 27 for
26 trajectory 31 and
27 for 30 intervention
28 such 29 an
29 an 30 intervention
31 and 33 patients
31 and 34 at
31 and 36 risk
32 identifying 33 patients
34 at 35 high
36 risk 37 of
36 risk 46 can
37 of 39 end
38 facing 39 end
39 end 41 of
40 - 41 of
41 of 44 decisions
41 of 45 -
43 life 44 decisions
46 can 47 have
47 have 50 impact
47 have 51 on
48 a 49 profound
48 a 50 impact
49 profound 50 impact
51 on 53 value
52 the 53 value
53 value 54 of
54 of 57 planning
55 advance 57 planning
56 care 57 planning
57 planning 61 )(efforts
58 ( 61 )(efforts
59 acp 61 )(efforts
61 )(efforts 62 .

because much of the currently studied acp efforts have led to a disappointingly small proportion of patients eventually benefitting from an ad , careful targeting of the intervention should also improve the efficacy of such projects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 targeting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 because 2 much
1 because 10 led
1 because 23 ,
1 because 25 targeting
2 much 3 of
2 much 10 led
3 of 7 acp
4 the 7 acp
5 currently 6 studied
6 studied 7 acp
7 acp 8 efforts
7 acp 9 have
8 efforts 9 have
10 led 11 to
10 led 20 from
11 to 15 proportion
12 a 15 proportion
13 disappointingly 14 small
14 small 15 proportion
15 proportion 16 of
16 of 17 patients
17 patients 19 benefitting
18 eventually 19 benefitting
20 from 22 ad
21 an 22 ad
24 careful 25 targeting
25 targeting 26 of
25 targeting 29 should
26 of 28 intervention
27 the 28 intervention
29 should 31 improve
30 also 31 improve
31 improve 33 efficacy
32 the 33 efficacy
33 efficacy 34 of
34 of 36 projects
35 such 36 projects

a key to optimal timing and strategic selection of target patients for an acp program is prognostication , and we briefly highlight prognostication tools and studies that may point us toward high - value ad interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 key
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 2 key
2 key 3 to
2 key 9 of
2 key 16 is
3 to 6 and
4 optimal 5 timing
5 timing 6 and
6 and 8 selection
7 strategic 8 selection
9 of 11 patients
10 target 11 patients
11 patients 12 for
12 for 15 program
13 an 15 program
14 acp 15 program
16 is 17 prognostication
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 we
19 and 22 highlight
20 we 22 highlight
21 briefly 22 highlight
22 highlight 23 prognostication
22 highlight 31 toward
23 prognostication 25 and
23 prognostication 27 that
23 prognostication 28 may
24 tools 25 and
25 and 26 studies
27 that 28 may
28 may 29 point
29 point 30 us
31 toward 36 interventions
32 high 33 -
32 high 36 interventions
34 value 36 interventions
35 ad 36 interventions

it is well established that [insulin] - like growth factor 1 ( igf - 1 ) circulating levels correlate with age and that heritability and influence of igf - 1 gene variation on igf - 1 levels also well - known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 well
2 is 5 that
3 well 4 established
5 that 18 levels
5 that 19 correlate
7 - 8 like
8 like 10 factor
8 like 16 )
8 like 18 levels
9 growth 10 factor
10 factor 11 1
10 factor 13 igf
12 ( 13 igf
13 igf 15 1
13 igf 16 )
14 - 15 1
15 1 16 )
17 circulating 18 levels
18 levels 19 correlate
19 correlate 20 with
20 with 25 and
21 age 22 and
22 and 23 that
22 and 24 heritability
24 heritability 25 and
25 and 26 influence
25 and 27 of
25 and 36 1
25 and 37 levels
25 and 41 known
27 of 28 igf
28 igf 32 variation
29 - 32 variation
30 1 32 variation
31 gene 32 variation
32 variation 33 on
32 variation 35 -
33 on 34 igf
36 1 37 levels
37 levels 38 also
37 levels 39 well
40 - 41 known
41 known 42 .

however , the influence of age on the genetic factors determining igf - 1 levels is not clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 influence
3 the 4 influence
4 influence 5 of
4 influence 16 is
5 of 6 age
6 age 7 on
6 age 11 determining
7 on 10 factors
8 the 10 factors
9 genetic 10 factors
11 determining 12 igf
12 igf 14 1
12 igf 15 levels
13 - 14 1
14 1 15 levels
16 is 17 not
16 is 18 clear
17 not 18 clear

to achieve these aims , we measured plasma levels of igf - 1 and genotyped 18 snps with minor allele frequency >0.1 in a large sample , 4,471 uk female twins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 to 2 achieve
2 achieve 4 aims
3 these 4 aims
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 measured
5 , 12 -
6 we 7 measured
7 measured 9 levels
8 plasma 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 11 igf
12 - 13 1
12 - 14 and
14 and 17 snps
14 and 22 >0.1
15 genotyped 17 snps
16 18 17 snps
17 snps 18 with
17 snps 22 >0.1
18 with 21 frequency
19 minor 20 allele
20 allele 21 frequency
22 >0.1 23 in
23 in 26 sample
24 a 25 large
24 a 26 sample
25 large 26 sample
26 sample 31 twins
27 , 31 twins
28 4,471 31 twins
29 uk 31 twins
30 female 31 twins
31 twins 32 .

heritability explained 42 % of igf - 1 variation adjusted for age and [in] unadjusted sample [was] independent of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 heritability 10 adjusted
1 heritability 11 for
1 heritability 13 and
2 explained 4 %
2 explained 7 -
2 explained 9 variation
2 explained 10 adjusted
3 42 4 %
4 % 5 of
5 of 6 igf
8 1 9 variation
9 variation 10 adjusted
11 for 12 age
13 and 18 independent
13 and 19 of
15 unadjusted 16 sample
16 sample 18 independent
19 of 20 age

ten snps in four haploblocks showed significant association [with] igf - 1 levels , with p = 0.01 - 0.0005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ten
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ten 2 snps
1 ten 15 with
1 ten 17 =
2 snps 3 in
2 snps 6 showed
3 in 5 haploblocks
4 four 5 haploblocks
6 showed 10 igf
6 showed 15 with
7 significant 8 association
8 association 10 igf
10 igf 13 levels
11 - 13 levels
12 1 13 levels
13 levels 14 ,
16 p 17 =
17 = 19 -
18 0.01 19 -
19 - 20 0.0005

the most distal snp was located up to 90 kbp from the igf - 1 gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 snp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 located
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 snp
3 distal 4 snp
4 snp 5 was
5 was 6 located
6 located 11 from
7 up 8 to
8 to 9 90
9 90 10 kbp
10 kbp 11 from
11 from 13 igf
12 the 13 igf
14 - 16 gene
15 1 16 gene

when their age [-] dependent effects were examined , one snp , rs855203 , showed significant ( p = 0.0009 ) age - dependent interaction effect on igf - 1 levels variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 snp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 when 6 effects
1 when 8 examined
1 when 11 snp
2 their 6 effects
3 age 6 effects
5 dependent 6 effects
6 effects 7 were
7 were 8 examined
8 examined 9 ,
10 one 11 snp
11 snp 13 rs855203
11 snp 15 showed
12 , 13 rs855203
13 rs855203 14 ,
15 showed 22 age
15 showed 30 1
15 showed 31 levels
16 significant 19 =
16 significant 22 age
17 ( 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.0009
19 = 21 )
22 age 26 effect
23 - 26 effect
24 dependent 25 interaction
25 interaction 26 effect
26 effect 27 on
26 effect 29 -
27 on 28 igf
30 1 31 levels
31 levels 32 variation

[this] is the first study to test the age × genotype interaction in igf - 1 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 is 5 study
2 is 11 genotype
3 the 5 study
4 first 5 study
5 study 6 to
5 study 7 test
6 to 7 test
7 test 10 ×
8 the 10 ×
9 age 10 ×
11 genotype 12 interaction
11 genotype 13 in
13 in 14 igf
15 - 17 levels
16 1 17 levels

the genomic region marked by rs855203 may consequently be of significance for further molecular and pharmacogenetic research [,] in particular in advanced age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 region
2 genomic 3 region
3 region 4 marked
3 region 7 may
4 marked 5 by
5 by 6 rs855203
7 may 9 be
8 consequently 9 be
9 be 10 of
9 be 12 for
9 be 20 particular
9 be 21 in
10 of 11 significance
12 for 17 research
13 further 17 research
14 molecular 15 and
15 and 16 pharmacogenetic
15 and 17 research
19 in 20 particular
21 in 23 age
22 advanced 23 age

importance : persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) are at increased risk for decline [in] cognitive function [,] reduced brain volume , and increased white matter lesions in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 persons
2 : 12 are
3 persons 4 with
3 persons 12 are
4 with 8 mellitus
5 type 7 diabetes
6 2 7 diabetes
7 diabetes 8 mellitus
8 mellitus 10 t2dm
9 ( 10 t2dm
10 t2dm 11 )
12 are 13 at
13 at 26 and
14 increased 15 risk
15 risk 16 for
15 risk 26 and
16 for 24 volume
17 decline 24 volume
19 cognitive 23 brain
20 function 22 reduced
22 reduced 23 brain
23 brain 24 volume
25 , 26 and
26 and 30 lesions
26 and 31 in
27 increased 30 lesions
28 white 30 lesions
29 matter 30 lesions
31 in 33 brain
32 the 33 brain

poor control of blood pressure ( bp ) and lipid levels are risk factors for t2dm - related cognitive decline , but the effect of intensive treatment on brain function and structure is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 poor 2 control
2 control 3 of
2 control 9 and
3 of 5 pressure
4 blood 5 pressure
5 pressure 7 bp
6 ( 7 bp
7 bp 8 )
9 and 11 levels
9 and 12 are
10 lipid 11 levels
12 are 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
14 factors 15 for
15 for 16 t2dm
17 - 20 decline
17 - 21 ,
18 related 20 decline
19 cognitive 20 decline
21 , 30 function
21 , 31 and
22 but 24 effect
22 but 30 function
23 the 24 effect
24 effect 25 of
25 of 27 treatment
26 intensive 27 treatment
27 treatment 28 on
28 on 29 brain
31 and 32 structure
31 and 33 is
32 structure 33 is
33 is 34 unknown

objective : to examine whether intensive therapy for hypertension [and] combination therapy with a statin plus a fibrate reduces the risk [of] decline in cognitive [function] and total brain volume ( tbv ) in patients with t2dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 38 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
4 examine 34 in
5 whether 7 therapy
5 whether 19 reduces
6 intensive 7 therapy
7 therapy 8 for
7 therapy 13 with
7 therapy 19 reduces
8 for 12 therapy
9 hypertension 11 combination
11 combination 12 therapy
13 with 15 statin
14 a 15 statin
15 statin 16 plus
16 plus 18 fibrate
17 a 18 fibrate
19 reduces 23 decline
19 reduces 24 in
20 the 23 decline
21 risk 23 decline
24 in 30 volume
25 cognitive 27 and
27 and 28 total
27 and 29 brain
29 brain 30 volume
30 volume 32 tbv
31 ( 32 tbv
32 tbv 33 )
34 in 35 patients
35 patients 36 with
36 with 37 t2dm

design , setting , and participants : a north american multicenter clinical trial including 2977 participants without baseline clinical evidence of cognitive impairment or dementia and with hemoglobin a1c ( hba1c ) levels less than 7.5 % randomized to a systolic bp goal of less than 120 vs less than 140 [mm] hg ( n = 1439 [ )( to a fibrate vs placebo in patients with low - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels less than 100 mg/dl ( n = 1538 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
2 , 6 participants
3 setting 4 ,
3 setting 6 participants
5 and 6 participants
6 participants 7 :
7 : 13 trial
8 a 13 trial
9 north 11 multicenter
10 american 11 multicenter
11 multicenter 13 trial
12 clinical 13 trial
13 trial 14 including
14 including 16 participants
15 2977 16 participants
16 participants 26 and
17 without 20 evidence
17 without 26 and
18 baseline 20 evidence
19 clinical 20 evidence
20 evidence 21 of
21 of 24 or
22 cognitive 23 impairment
23 impairment 24 or
24 or 25 dementia
26 and 27 with
27 with 28 hemoglobin
28 hemoglobin 29 a1c
28 hemoglobin 33 levels
29 a1c 31 hba1c
29 a1c 33 levels
30 ( 31 hba1c
31 hba1c 32 )
33 levels 34 less
33 levels 35 than
35 than 37 %
35 than 44 of
36 7.5 37 %
37 % 38 randomized
38 randomized 39 to
39 to 43 goal
40 a 43 goal
41 systolic 43 goal
42 bp 43 goal
44 of 47 120
45 less 46 than
46 than 47 120
47 120 48 vs
47 120 56 =
48 vs 53 hg
49 less 50 than
50 than 51 140
51 140 53 hg
54 ( 56 =
55 n 56 =
56 = 57 1439
57 1439 60 to
57 1439 65 in
57 1439 67 with
60 to 62 fibrate
61 a 62 fibrate
62 fibrate 63 vs
63 vs 64 placebo
65 in 66 patients
67 with 68 low
68 low 73 levels
69 - 73 levels
70 density 73 levels
71 lipoprotein 72 cholesterol
72 cholesterol 73 levels
73 levels 80 =
73 levels 83 .
74 less 75 than
75 than 76 100
76 100 77 mg/dl
77 mg/dl 80 =
78 ( 80 =
79 n 80 =
80 = 81 1538
80 = 82 )

participants were recruited from august 1 , 2003 , through october 31 , 2005 , with the final follow - up visit by june 30 , 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 recruited
3 recruited 4 from
3 recruited 9 ,
3 recruited 10 through
4 from 5 august
5 august 6 1
5 august 8 2003
7 , 8 2003
8 2003 9 ,
10 through 11 october
11 october 12 31
11 october 14 2005
13 , 14 2005
14 2005 15 ,
15 , 19 follow
15 , 20 -
16 with 18 final
16 with 19 follow
17 the 18 final
20 - 22 visit
20 - 26 ,
21 up 22 visit
22 visit 23 by
23 by 24 june
24 june 25 30
26 , 27 2009

main outcome measures : cognition was assessed at baseline and 20 and 40 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 5 cognition
4 : 7 assessed
4 : 15 .
5 cognition 6 was
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 at
8 at 10 and
9 baseline 10 and
10 and 14 months
11 20 12 and
12 and 13 40
12 and 14 months

a subset of 503 participants underwent baseline and 40 [-] month brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess for change in tbv and other structural measures of brain health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 6 underwent
3 of 5 participants
4 503 5 participants
6 underwent 7 baseline
8 and 11 month
8 and 12 brain
9 40 11 month
11 month 12 brain
12 brain 15 imaging
12 brain 18 for
13 magnetic 14 resonance
14 resonance 15 imaging
15 imaging 16 to
15 imaging 17 assess
16 to 17 assess
18 for 22 and
19 change 20 in
19 change 22 and
20 in 21 tbv
22 and 25 measures
22 and 26 of
23 other 25 measures
24 structural 25 measures
26 of 28 health
27 brain 28 health

results : baseline mean hba1c level was 8.3 % ; mean age , 62 years ; [and] mean duration of t2dm , 10 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 level
2 : 7 was
2 : 10 ;
2 : 16 ;
3 baseline 4 mean
4 mean 6 level
5 hba1c 6 level
6 level 7 was
7 was 9 %
8 8.3 9 %
10 ; 11 mean
11 mean 12 age
12 age 15 years
13 , 15 years
14 62 15 years
15 years 16 ;
16 ; 18 mean
18 mean 19 duration
19 duration 20 of
19 duration 24 years
20 of 21 t2dm
22 , 24 years
23 10 24 years
24 years 25 .

at 40 months , no differences [in] cognitive function were found in the intensive [bp] - lowering trial or in the fibrate trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 4 ,
1 at 9 function
2 40 3 months
5 no 9 function
6 differences 9 function
8 cognitive 9 function
9 function 10 were
10 were 11 found
11 found 19 or
12 in 18 trial
12 in 19 or
13 the 18 trial
14 intensive 16 -
14 intensive 18 trial
17 lowering 18 trial
19 or 20 in
20 in 23 trial
21 the 23 trial
22 fibrate 23 trial

at 40 months , tbv had declined more in the intensive [vs] standard [bp] - lowering group [(] difference , - 4.4 [ 95 % ci , - 7.8 to - 1.1 []] cm ( 3 ) [;] p = .01[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tbv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 4 ,
1 at 5 tbv
2 40 3 months
5 tbv 6 had
6 had 7 declined
7 declined 8 more
7 declined 9 in
9 in 19 difference
10 the 19 difference
11 intensive 19 difference
13 standard 15 -
13 standard 19 difference
16 lowering 17 group
17 group 19 difference
19 difference 22 4.4
19 difference 29 7.8
20 , 22 4.4
21 - 22 4.4
22 4.4 26 ci
22 4.4 27 ,
23 [ 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 ,
28 - 29 7.8
29 7.8 30 to
29 7.8 36 3
29 7.8 40 =
29 7.8 42 )
30 to 34 cm
31 - 32 1.1
32 1.1 34 cm
35 ( 36 3
36 3 37 )
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 .01[!]
40 = 42 )

fibrate therapy had no effect on tbv compared [with] [placebo] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 fibrate 2 therapy
2 therapy 3 had
3 had 5 effect
3 had 6 on
4 no 5 effect
6 on 7 tbv
7 tbv 8 compared

conclusions and relevance : in participants with long - standing t2dm and at high risk for cardiovascular events , intensive bp control and fibrate therapy in the presence of controlled low - density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not produce a measurable effect on cognitive decline [at] 40 months of follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 conclusions 2 and
2 and 3 relevance
4 : 50 follow
4 : 51 -
5 in 6 participants
5 in 50 follow
6 participants 12 and
7 with 11 t2dm
7 with 12 and
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 standing
10 standing 11 t2dm
12 and 13 at
13 at 23 and
14 high 15 risk
15 risk 16 for
15 risk 19 ,
16 for 18 events
17 cardiovascular 18 events
19 , 22 control
19 , 23 and
20 intensive 22 control
21 bp 22 control
23 and 25 therapy
23 and 26 in
23 and 29 of
24 fibrate 25 therapy
26 in 28 presence
27 the 28 presence
29 of 35 cholesterol
30 controlled 33 density
31 low 32 -
31 low 33 density
33 density 34 lipoprotein
34 lipoprotein 35 cholesterol
35 cholesterol 36 levels
35 cholesterol 49 of
36 levels 37 did
37 did 38 not
37 did 39 produce
39 produce 42 effect
40 a 42 effect
41 measurable 42 effect
42 effect 43 on
43 on 48 months
44 cognitive 45 decline
45 decline 48 months
47 40 48 months
48 months 49 of
51 - 52 up
51 - 53 .

intensive bp control was associated with greater decline [in] tbv at 40 months relative to standard therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 intensive 2 bp
2 bp 3 control
3 control 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 10 tbv
7 greater 10 tbv
8 decline 10 tbv
10 tbv 11 at
10 tbv 14 relative
11 at 13 months
12 40 13 months
14 relative 15 to
15 to 17 therapy
16 standard 17 therapy

trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct00000620 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identifier
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 trial 2 registration
2 registration 4 identifier
3 clinicaltrials.gov 4 identifier
4 identifier 5 :
5 : 6 nct00000620

charles darwin knew that the fossil record is not overwhelmingly supportive of genetic and phenotypic gradualism ; therefore , he developed the core of his theory on the basis of breeding experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 darwin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 knew
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 charles 2 darwin
2 darwin 3 knew
3 knew 4 that
4 that 7 record
4 that 8 is
5 the 7 record
6 fossil 7 record
7 record 8 is
8 is 9 not
8 is 12 of
9 not 10 overwhelmingly
10 overwhelmingly 11 supportive
12 of 14 and
13 genetic 14 and
14 and 16 gradualism
15 phenotypic 16 gradualism
17 ; 20 he
17 ; 21 developed
18 therefore 19 ,
18 therefore 20 he
20 he 21 developed
21 developed 23 core
22 the 23 core
23 core 24 of
23 core 30 of
24 of 26 theory
25 his 26 theory
26 theory 27 on
27 on 29 basis
28 the 29 basis
30 of 31 breeding
31 breeding 32 experiments

here , i present evidence for the existence of a cell biological mechanism that strongly points to the almost forgotten european concept of saltatory evolution of nonadaptive characters , which is in perfect agreement with the gaps in the fossil record . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 present
4 present 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 for
5 evidence 9 of
5 evidence 14 that
5 evidence 16 points
6 for 8 existence
7 the 8 existence
9 of 13 mechanism
10 a 13 mechanism
11 cell 13 mechanism
12 biological 13 mechanism
14 that 16 points
15 strongly 16 points
16 points 17 to
16 points 25 evolution
17 to 22 concept
18 the 22 concept
19 almost 20 forgotten
20 forgotten 21 european
21 european 22 concept
22 concept 23 of
23 of 24 saltatory
25 evolution 26 of
26 of 28 characters
27 nonadaptive 28 characters
29 , 30 which
29 , 31 is
30 which 31 is
31 is 32 in
31 is 38 in
32 in 34 agreement
33 perfect 34 agreement
34 agreement 35 with
35 with 37 gaps
36 the 37 gaps
38 in 41 record
39 the 41 record
40 fossil 41 record

the standard model of chromosomal evolution has always been handicapped by a paradox , namely , [how] [speciation] can occur by spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements that are known to decrease the fertility of heterozygotes in a population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 model
2 standard 3 model
3 model 4 of
3 model 16 ,
4 of 6 evolution
5 chromosomal 6 evolution
7 has 9 been
7 has 16 ,
8 always 9 been
9 been 10 handicapped
10 handicapped 11 by
11 by 13 paradox
12 a 13 paradox
14 , 15 namely
14 , 16 ,
16 , 19 can
19 can 20 occur
20 occur 21 by
20 occur 28 to
20 occur 29 decrease
21 by 24 rearrangements
22 spontaneous 24 rearrangements
23 chromosomal 24 rearrangements
24 rearrangements 25 that
24 rearrangements 26 are
25 that 26 are
26 are 27 known
28 to 29 decrease
29 decrease 31 fertility
29 decrease 34 in
30 the 31 fertility
31 fertility 32 of
32 of 33 heterozygotes
34 in 36 population
35 a 36 population

however , the hallmark of almost all closely related species is a differing chromosome complement and therefore chromosomal rearrangements seem to be crucial [for] [speciation] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hallmark
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 hallmark
3 the 4 hallmark
4 hallmark 5 of
4 hallmark 11 is
5 of 10 species
6 almost 9 related
7 all 9 related
8 closely 9 related
9 related 10 species
11 is 15 complement
12 a 15 complement
13 differing 14 chromosome
14 chromosome 15 complement
16 and 17 therefore
16 and 19 rearrangements
16 and 20 seem
18 chromosomal 19 rearrangements
19 rearrangements 20 seem
20 seem 21 to
20 seem 22 be
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 crucial

telomeres , the caps of eukaryotic chromosomes , erode in somatic tissues during life , but have been thought to remain stable in the germline of a species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 telomeres 4 caps
1 telomeres 16 but
2 , 4 caps
3 the 4 caps
4 caps 5 of
4 caps 8 ,
5 of 7 chromosomes
6 eukaryotic 7 chromosomes
9 erode 10 in
9 erode 13 during
9 erode 16 but
10 in 12 tissues
11 somatic 12 tissues
13 during 14 life
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 have
17 have 18 been
18 been 19 thought
19 thought 20 to
20 to 21 remain
21 remain 22 stable
22 stable 23 in
23 in 25 germline
24 the 25 germline
25 germline 26 of
26 of 28 species
27 a 28 species

recently , a large human study spanning three healthy generations clearly found a cumulative telomere effect , which is [indicative] of transgenerational telomere erosion in the human species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 6 study
3 a 4 large
3 a 6 study
4 large 5 human
5 human 6 study
6 study 7 spanning
6 study 12 found
7 spanning 10 generations
8 three 10 generations
9 healthy 10 generations
11 clearly 12 found
12 found 16 effect
13 a 14 cumulative
13 a 16 effect
14 cumulative 15 telomere
15 telomere 16 effect
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 is
18 which 19 is
19 is 21 of
19 is 25 in
21 of 24 erosion
22 transgenerational 24 erosion
23 telomere 24 erosion
25 in 28 species
26 the 28 species
27 human 28 species

the telomeric sync model [of] speciation presented here is based on telomere erosion between generations , which leads to identical fusions of chromosomes and triggers a transposon - mediated genomic repatterning in the germline of many individuals of a species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 speciation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 6 speciation
2 telomeric 3 sync
3 sync 6 speciation
4 model 6 speciation
6 speciation 7 presented
6 speciation 9 is
7 presented 8 here
9 is 10 based
10 based 11 on
10 based 14 between
11 on 13 erosion
12 telomere 13 erosion
14 between 15 generations
15 generations 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 24 and
17 which 28 -
18 leads 19 to
18 leads 24 and
19 to 21 fusions
20 identical 21 fusions
21 fusions 22 of
22 of 23 chromosomes
24 and 25 triggers
25 triggers 27 transposon
26 a 27 transposon
28 - 31 repatterning
29 mediated 31 repatterning
30 genomic 31 repatterning
31 repatterning 32 in
31 repatterning 35 of
32 in 34 germline
33 the 34 germline
35 of 37 individuals
36 many 37 individuals
37 individuals 38 of
38 of 40 species
39 a 40 species

the phenotypic outcome of the telomere - triggered transposon activity is the saltatory appearance of nonadaptive characters simultaneously in many individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 outcome
2 phenotypic 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 of
3 outcome 11 is
4 of 10 activity
5 the 10 activity
6 telomere 7 -
6 telomere 9 transposon
8 triggered 9 transposon
9 transposon 10 activity
11 is 14 appearance
11 is 18 simultaneously
11 is 19 in
12 the 14 appearance
13 saltatory 14 appearance
14 appearance 15 of
15 of 17 characters
16 nonadaptive 17 characters
19 in 21 individuals
20 many 21 individuals

transgenerational telomere erosion is therefore the material basis of aging at the species level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 erosion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 transgenerational 3 erosion
2 telomere 3 erosion
3 erosion 4 is
4 is 5 therefore
4 is 8 basis
4 is 11 at
6 the 8 basis
7 material 8 basis
8 basis 9 of
9 of 10 aging
11 at 14 level
12 the 14 level
13 species 14 level

human tdp - 43 represents the main component of neuronal inclusions found in patients with neurodegenerative diseases , especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tdp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 human 2 tdp
3 - 4 43
3 - 5 represents
4 43 5 represents
5 represents 8 component
5 represents 13 in
5 represents 15 with
6 the 8 component
7 main 8 component
8 component 9 of
8 component 12 found
9 of 11 inclusions
10 neuronal 11 inclusions
13 in 14 patients
15 with 23 and
16 neurodegenerative 17 diseases
17 diseases 18 ,
18 , 22 degeneration
18 , 23 and
19 especially 20 frontotemporal
20 frontotemporal 22 degeneration
21 lobar 22 degeneration
23 and 26 sclerosis
24 amyotrophic 26 sclerosis
25 lateral 26 sclerosis

in vitro [and] in vivo studies have shown that the tar dna - binding protein 43 ( tdp - 43 ) drosophila ortholog ( tbph ) can biochemically [and] functionally overlap the properties of the human factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 6 studies
4 in 5 vivo
5 vivo 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 shown
8 shown 9 that
9 that 12 dna
9 that 31 overlap
10 the 12 dna
11 tar 12 dna
12 dna 14 binding
12 dna 27 can
13 - 14 binding
14 binding 15 protein
14 binding 26 )
15 protein 16 43
15 protein 23 ortholog
17 ( 23 ortholog
18 tdp 20 43
18 tdp 23 ortholog
19 - 20 43
20 43 21 )
22 drosophila 23 ortholog
23 ortholog 25 tbph
23 ortholog 26 )
24 ( 25 tbph
25 tbph 26 )
27 can 31 overlap
28 biochemically 31 overlap
30 functionally 31 overlap
31 overlap 33 properties
32 the 33 properties
33 properties 34 of
34 of 37 factor
35 the 37 factor
36 human 37 factor

to test this hypothesis and further validate the fly system as a useful model to study this type of diseases , we have now characterized human tdp - 43 and drosophila tbph similarity in terms of protein - protein interaction pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
1 to 5 and
2 test 4 hypothesis
2 test 5 and
3 this 4 hypothesis
5 and 7 validate
6 further 7 validate
7 validate 10 system
7 validate 15 to
8 the 10 system
9 fly 10 system
10 system 11 as
11 as 14 model
12 a 14 model
13 useful 14 model
15 to 16 study
16 study 20 diseases
17 this 18 type
18 type 19 of
18 type 20 diseases
19 of 20 diseases
21 , 22 we
21 , 25 characterized
21 , 38 -
22 we 23 have
23 have 25 characterized
24 now 25 characterized
25 characterized 27 tdp
26 human 27 tdp
27 tdp 33 similarity
28 - 33 similarity
29 43 30 and
30 and 31 drosophila
31 drosophila 32 tbph
32 tbph 33 similarity
33 similarity 34 in
33 similarity 36 of
33 similarity 38 -
34 in 35 terms
36 of 37 protein
38 - 41 pathways
38 - 42 .
39 protein 41 pathways
40 interaction 41 pathways

in this work we show that tdp - 43 and tbph share the ability to associate in vitro with hrp38/hrb98de/cg9983 , the fruit fly ortholog of the human hnrnp a1/a2 factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
1 in 3 work
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 work
4 we 5 show
5 show 7 tdp
5 show 9 43
5 show 10 and
6 that 7 tdp
8 - 9 43
10 and 12 share
10 and 14 ability
11 tbph 12 share
13 the 14 ability
14 ability 15 to
14 ability 16 associate
15 to 16 associate
16 associate 18 vitro
16 associate 19 with
17 in 18 vitro
19 with 20 hrp38/hrb98de/cg9983
20 hrp38/hrb98de/cg9983 25 ortholog
21 , 25 ortholog
22 the 25 ortholog
23 fruit 25 ortholog
24 fly 25 ortholog
25 ortholog 26 of
25 ortholog 32 .
26 of 31 factors
27 the 31 factors
28 human 31 factors
29 hnrnp 31 factors
30 a1/a2 31 factors

interestingly , the protein regions of tdp [-] 43 and hrp38 responsible for reciprocal interactions are conserved through evolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 conserved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 10 and
3 the 5 regions
4 protein 5 regions
5 regions 6 of
5 regions 10 and
6 of 7 tdp
7 tdp 9 43
10 and 11 hrp38
10 and 12 responsible
10 and 16 are
12 responsible 13 for
13 for 15 interactions
14 reciprocal 15 interactions
16 are 17 conserved
17 conserved 18 through
18 through 19 evolution

functionally , experiments in hela cells demonstrate that tdp - 43 is necessary for the inhibitory activity of hrp38 on splicing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 functionally 2 ,
1 functionally 3 experiments
3 experiments 4 in
3 experiments 7 demonstrate
4 in 6 cells
5 hela 6 cells
7 demonstrate 9 tdp
8 that 9 tdp
10 - 11 43
10 - 12 is
10 - 22 .
11 43 12 is
12 is 13 necessary
13 necessary 14 for
13 necessary 20 on
14 for 17 activity
15 the 17 activity
16 inhibitory 17 activity
17 activity 18 of
18 of 19 hrp38
20 on 21 splicing

finally , drosophila in vivo studies show that hrp38 deficiency produces locomotive defects and life span shortening in tdp - 43 with and [without] animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 6 studies
2 , 3 drosophila
3 drosophila 6 studies
4 in 5 vivo
5 vivo 6 studies
6 studies 7 show
7 show 8 that
7 show 9 hrp38
7 show 23 and
9 hrp38 10 deficiency
9 hrp38 22 with
10 deficiency 11 produces
11 produces 14 and
12 locomotive 13 defects
13 defects 14 and
14 and 16 span
14 and 17 shortening
15 life 16 span
17 shortening 18 in
17 shortening 21 43
17 shortening 22 with
18 in 19 tdp
20 - 21 43
23 and 25 animals

these results suggest that hnrnp protein levels can play a modulatory role on tdp - 43 functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 levels
4 that 9 play
5 hnrnp 6 protein
6 protein 7 levels
7 levels 8 can
8 can 9 play
9 play 12 role
9 play 13 on
10 a 11 modulatory
10 a 12 role
11 modulatory 12 role
13 on 14 tdp
15 - 17 functions
16 43 17 functions

reproductive surgeries leave women more susceptible to postoperative hypervolemic hyponatremia because during this period women can retain water at an accelerated pace and much faster than they do sodium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 surgeries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 reproductive 2 surgeries
2 surgeries 3 leave
3 leave 4 women
3 leave 6 susceptible
5 more 6 susceptible
6 susceptible 7 to
6 susceptible 11 because
7 to 10 hyponatremia
8 postoperative 10 hyponatremia
9 hypervolemic 10 hyponatremia
11 because 15 women
11 because 17 retain
12 during 14 period
12 during 15 women
13 this 14 period
15 women 16 can
16 can 17 retain
17 retain 18 water
17 retain 19 at
19 at 29 sodium
20 an 22 pace
21 accelerated 22 pace
22 pace 23 and
23 and 25 faster
23 and 29 sodium
24 much 25 faster
25 faster 26 than
26 than 28 do
27 they 28 do

this review proposes that estrogen and progestogen exposure play an important role in the increased risk of hyponatremia in menopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 proposes
3 proposes 4 that
4 that 6 and
4 that 9 play
5 estrogen 6 and
6 and 8 exposure
7 progestogen 8 exposure
9 play 12 role
9 play 13 in
9 play 19 in
10 an 11 important
10 an 12 role
11 important 12 role
13 in 16 risk
14 the 16 risk
15 increased 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 18 hyponatremia
19 in 21 women
20 menopausal 21 women

estrogen and progesterone exposure have important effects on both body fluid regulation and cardiovascular function and both of these reproductive hormones impact blood pressure responses to sodium loads . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 estrogen 2 and
2 and 4 exposure
2 and 5 have
3 progesterone 4 exposure
5 have 7 effects
5 have 8 on
6 important 7 effects
8 on 13 and
9 both 13 and
10 body 12 regulation
11 fluid 12 regulation
12 regulation 13 and
13 and 15 function
14 cardiovascular 15 function
16 and 17 both
16 and 22 impact
17 both 18 of
17 both 22 impact
18 of 21 hormones
19 these 21 hormones
20 reproductive 21 hormones
22 impact 25 responses
22 impact 26 to
23 blood 25 responses
24 pressure 25 responses
26 to 28 loads
27 sodium 28 loads

this article provides information on the effects of female reproductive hormones and hormone therapy ( ht ) on fluid regulation and cardiovascular function [during] menopause . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 provides
3 provides 4 information
4 information 5 on
5 on 7 effects
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 18 on
8 of 12 and
9 female 11 hormones
10 reproductive 11 hormones
11 hormones 12 and
12 and 14 therapy
12 and 16 ht
13 hormone 14 therapy
15 ( 16 ht
16 ht 17 )
18 on 21 and
19 fluid 20 regulation
20 regulation 21 and
21 and 25 menopause
22 cardiovascular 23 function
23 function 25 menopause

thirst - and fluid - regulating hormones respond to both osmotic and volume stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 respond
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 thirst 3 and
2 - 3 and
3 and 4 fluid
3 and 5 -
3 and 6 regulating
3 and 8 respond
6 regulating 7 hormones
8 respond 9 to
9 to 12 and
10 both 12 and
11 osmotic 12 and
12 and 14 stimuli
13 volume 14 stimuli

aging women maintain thirst sensitivity to osmotic stimuli but lose some thirst sensitivity to changes in central body fluid volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 aging 2 women
2 women 9 but
3 maintain 5 sensitivity
3 maintain 9 but
4 thirst 5 sensitivity
5 sensitivity 6 to
6 to 8 stimuli
7 osmotic 8 stimuli
9 but 10 lose
10 lose 13 sensitivity
10 lose 14 to
10 lose 16 in
11 some 13 sensitivity
12 thirst 13 sensitivity
14 to 15 changes
16 in 20 volume
17 central 18 body
18 body 20 volume
19 fluid 20 volume

thus , older adults are more at risk of dehydration because they may replenish fluids at a slower rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 are
5 are 6 more
5 are 7 at
5 are 11 because
7 at 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 dehydration
11 because 12 they
11 because 14 replenish
12 they 13 may
13 may 14 replenish
14 replenish 15 fluids
14 replenish 16 at
16 at 19 rate
17 a 19 rate
18 slower 19 rate

estrogen therapy increases osmotic sensitivity for mechanisms to retain body water so may help menopausal women control body fluids and avoid dehydration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 estrogen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 so
2 therapy 3 increases
3 increases 5 sensitivity
4 osmotic 5 sensitivity
5 sensitivity 6 for
5 sensitivity 8 to
5 sensitivity 9 retain
6 for 7 mechanisms
8 to 9 retain
9 retain 11 water
9 retain 12 so
10 body 11 water
12 so 20 and
12 so 23 .
13 may 14 help
13 may 20 and
14 help 16 women
14 help 17 control
15 menopausal 16 women
17 control 19 fluids
18 body 19 fluids
20 and 21 avoid
21 avoid 22 dehydration

some progestogens can mitigate estradiol effects on water and sodium retention through competition with aldosterone for the mineralocorticoid receptor and attenuating aldosterone - mediated sodium retention in the distal tubule . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 progestogens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mitigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 some 2 progestogens
2 progestogens 3 can
3 can 4 mitigate
4 mitigate 9 and
4 mitigate 12 through
4 mitigate 14 with
4 mitigate 27 in
5 estradiol 6 effects
6 effects 7 on
6 effects 9 and
7 on 8 water
9 and 11 retention
10 sodium 11 retention
12 through 13 competition
14 with 20 and
15 aldosterone 16 for
15 aldosterone 20 and
16 for 19 receptor
17 the 19 receptor
18 mineralocorticoid 19 receptor
20 and 26 retention
21 attenuating 25 sodium
22 aldosterone 23 -
22 aldosterone 25 sodium
24 mediated 25 sodium
25 sodium 26 retention
27 in 30 tubule
28 the 30 tubule
29 distal 30 tubule

however , some progestogens can increase cardiovascular risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 progestogens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 progestogens
3 some 4 progestogens
4 progestogens 5 can
5 can 6 increase
6 increase 8 risks
7 cardiovascular 8 risks

appropriate balance of these hormones within ht is important to avoid the negative consequences of body fluid and sodium retention , including edema and hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 balance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 including
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 appropriate 2 balance
2 balance 3 of
2 balance 8 is
3 of 5 hormones
4 these 5 hormones
5 hormones 6 within
6 within 7 ht
8 is 9 important
9 important 10 to
9 important 22 including
10 to 11 avoid
11 avoid 14 consequences
12 the 14 consequences
13 negative 14 consequences
14 consequences 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 body 17 fluid
17 fluid 18 and
18 and 20 retention
18 and 21 ,
18 and 22 including
19 sodium 20 retention
22 including 24 and
23 edema 24 and
24 and 25 hypertension

beyond their own family caregivers , home healthcare nurses play a pivotal role in caring for those dying at home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 beyond 5 caregivers
1 beyond 6 ,
1 beyond 9 nurses
2 their 3 own
2 their 5 caregivers
4 family 5 caregivers
7 home 9 nurses
8 healthcare 9 nurses
9 nurses 10 play
10 play 13 role
10 play 14 in
11 a 12 pivotal
11 a 13 role
12 pivotal 13 role
14 in 15 caring
15 caring 16 for
15 caring 19 at
16 for 17 those
17 those 18 dying
19 at 20 home

however , deciding the timing of the next visit for these patients and their families is not straightforward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deciding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 deciding
3 deciding 5 timing
3 deciding 16 is
4 the 5 timing
5 timing 6 of
6 of 9 visit
7 the 8 next
7 the 9 visit
9 visit 10 for
10 for 13 and
11 these 12 patients
12 patients 13 and
13 and 15 families
14 their 15 families
16 is 17 not
16 is 18 straightforward

the palliative care : determining next home care nurse visit decision guide supports clinicians in their decision - making process of planning visits to most effectively meet the needs and goals of patients and families during the final months of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 care
2 palliative 3 care
4 : 5 determining
4 : 14 clinicians
4 : 18 -
5 determining 13 supports
5 determining 14 clinicians
6 next 13 supports
7 home 8 care
8 care 9 nurse
9 nurse 10 visit
10 visit 13 supports
11 decision 13 supports
12 guide 13 supports
14 clinicians 15 in
15 in 17 decision
16 their 17 decision
18 - 19 making
18 - 23 visits
19 making 20 process
19 making 23 visits
20 process 21 of
21 of 22 planning
23 visits 24 to
24 to 27 meet
25 most 26 effectively
26 effectively 27 meet
27 meet 34 and
28 the 29 needs
29 needs 30 and
30 and 31 goals
30 and 32 of
30 and 34 and
32 of 33 patients
34 and 35 families
34 and 36 during
34 and 40 of
36 during 39 months
37 the 39 months
38 final 39 months
40 of 41 life

this article describes how a provincial health authority in canada improved patient care and staff satisfaction by transforming the role of home care ( hc ) liaison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 describes
3 describes 4 how
4 how 8 authority
4 how 11 improved
5 a 6 provincial
5 a 8 authority
6 provincial 7 health
7 health 8 authority
8 authority 9 in
8 authority 11 improved
9 in 10 canada
11 improved 27 liaison
12 patient 13 care
13 care 14 and
14 and 16 satisfaction
14 and 17 by
14 and 27 liaison
15 staff 16 satisfaction
17 by 18 transforming
18 transforming 20 role
19 the 20 role
20 role 21 of
20 role 25 hc
21 of 23 care
22 home 23 care
24 ( 25 hc
25 hc 26 )

the transformation focused on clearly defining the role , function and reporting structure , and identifying which healthcare providers could fill the liaison role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transformation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 transformation
2 transformation 3 focused
3 focused 4 on
3 focused 24 role
4 on 6 defining
5 clearly 6 defining
6 defining 15 and
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 ,
9 , 10 function
9 , 11 and
11 and 13 structure
11 and 15 and
12 reporting 13 structure
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 identifying
15 and 17 which
15 and 21 fill
17 which 19 providers
17 which 21 fill
18 healthcare 19 providers
19 providers 20 could
20 could 21 fill
22 the 24 role
23 liaison 24 role

the transformation included adoption of transition best practices , leveraging an electronic referral system , creation of an interprofessional team , standardization of tools/orientation , and strong evaluation metrics , centralizing decision making , and developing a process for streaming referrals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adoption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 practices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 the 4 adoption
2 transformation 3 included
3 included 4 adoption
4 adoption 5 of
4 adoption 8 practices
5 of 6 transition
7 best 8 practices
9 , 22 standardization
9 , 29 metrics
10 leveraging 14 system
10 leveraging 21 ,
10 leveraging 22 standardization
11 an 14 system
12 electronic 13 referral
13 referral 14 system
14 system 16 creation
15 , 16 creation
16 creation 17 of
16 creation 21 ,
17 of 20 team
18 an 19 interprofessional
18 an 20 team
19 interprofessional 20 team
22 standardization 23 of
22 standardization 29 metrics
23 of 26 and
24 tools/orientation 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 evaluation
27 strong 28 evaluation
29 metrics 31 centralizing
30 , 31 centralizing
31 centralizing 35 and
31 centralizing 38 process
31 centralizing 42 .
32 decision 33 making
33 making 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 developing
37 a 38 process
38 process 39 for
39 for 41 referrals
40 streaming 41 referrals

the authors identify key success factors that made the transformation possible , as well as challenges and work that remains to sustain the change . 
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 identify
3 identify 6 factors
4 key 6 factors
5 success 6 factors
6 factors 7 that
6 factors 8 made
7 that 8 made
8 made 10 transformation
9 the 10 transformation
10 transformation 11 possible
11 possible 13 as
12 , 13 as
13 as 17 and
13 as 25 .
14 well 15 as
14 well 17 and
15 as 16 challenges
17 and 18 work
17 and 19 that
17 and 20 remains
19 that 20 remains
20 remains 21 to
21 to 22 sustain
22 sustain 24 change
23 the 24 change

none background : blood transfusion is frequently required in children undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with altered postoperative [outcome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 17 with
1 none 18 altered
2 background 3 :
3 : 4 blood
4 blood 5 transfusion
4 blood 14 and
5 transfusion 14 and
6 is 8 required
6 is 14 and
7 frequently 8 required
8 required 9 in
9 in 10 children
10 children 11 undergoing
11 undergoing 13 surgery
12 cardiac 13 surgery
14 and 15 is
15 is 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
18 altered 19 postoperative

this may be due to alterations in red blood cell properties related to the storage process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 5 to
3 be 7 in
3 be 13 to
4 due 5 to
5 to 6 alterations
7 in 11 properties
8 red 9 blood
9 blood 11 properties
10 cell 11 properties
11 properties 12 related
13 to 16 process
14 the 16 process
15 storage 16 process

objective : to evaluate the effect of blood storage duration on postoperative morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 effect
4 evaluate 11 on
4 evaluate 16 in
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 10 duration
8 blood 10 duration
9 storage 10 duration
11 on 14 and
12 postoperative 13 morbidity
13 morbidity 14 and
14 and 15 mortality
16 in 17 children
17 children 18 undergoing
18 undergoing 20 surgery
19 cardiac 20 surgery

design : a retrospective review of a paediatric cardiac surgery database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 review
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 5 review
4 retrospective 5 review
5 review 6 of
6 of 11 database
7 a 8 paediatric
7 a 11 database
8 paediatric 10 surgery
9 cardiac 10 surgery
10 surgery 11 database

setting : department of anaesthesiology , queen fabiola children 's university hospital , brussels , belgium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 department
3 department 4 of
4 of 5 anaesthesiology
6 , 12 hospital
6 , 13 ,
7 queen 8 fabiola
8 fabiola 9 children
9 children 10 's
10 's 12 hospital
11 university 12 hospital
13 , 14 brussels
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 belgium

participants : children transfused with one or two units of blood in the perioperative period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 children
3 children 4 transfused
4 transfused 5 with
5 with 9 units
6 one 7 or
7 or 8 two
7 or 9 units
9 units 10 of
10 of 11 blood
11 blood 12 in
12 in 15 period
13 the 15 period
14 perioperative 15 period

interventions : none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 none
2 : 4 .

main outcome measures : storage duration was used to allocate children to the group ['] young ' or the group ['] [old] ['] ( cut - off = 7 days ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 5 storage
5 storage 6 duration
5 storage 10 allocate
6 duration 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 allocate
9 to 10 allocate
10 allocate 18 or
10 allocate 25 cut
11 children 12 to
11 children 18 or
12 to 17 '
13 the 16 young
14 group 16 young
16 young 17 '
18 or 20 group
19 the 20 group
24 ( 25 cut
25 cut 27 off
25 cut 31 )
26 - 27 off
27 off 30 days
27 off 31 )
28 = 29 7
29 7 30 days

the primary endpoint was a composite based on the incidence of [hospital] [mortality] [and/or] the incidence of at least one organ failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 endpoint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 endpoint
2 primary 3 endpoint
3 endpoint 4 was
4 was 6 composite
5 a 6 composite
6 composite 7 based
6 composite 11 of
6 composite 17 of
7 based 8 on
8 on 10 incidence
9 the 10 incidence
11 of 16 incidence
15 the 16 incidence
17 of 22 failure
18 at 19 least
19 least 20 one
20 one 22 failure
21 organ 22 failure

results : from 1014 children in the database , 570 were included in the final analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 from
2 : 6 in
3 from 5 children
4 1014 5 children
6 in 8 database
7 the 8 database
9 , 10 570
9 , 12 included
10 570 11 were
11 were 12 included
12 included 13 in
13 in 16 analysis
14 the 16 analysis
15 final 16 analysis

one hundred and eighteen patients were included in the group ['] young ['] [ median ( interquartile range , iqr ) storage duration 6 ( 5 to 7 [ )(days ] and 452 in [the] group ['] [old] ['] [ storage duration 14 ( 11 to 19 ) days ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 eighteen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 eighteen
4 eighteen 5 patients
4 eighteen 6 were
4 eighteen 7 included
5 patients 6 were
7 included 8 in
7 included 32 and
8 in 10 group
9 the 10 group
12 young 23 duration
12 young 32 and
14 [ 23 duration
15 median 18 range
15 median 22 storage
16 ( 18 range
17 interquartile 18 range
18 range 20 iqr
18 range 21 )
19 , 20 iqr
20 iqr 21 )
22 storage 23 duration
23 duration 24 6
23 duration 30 )(days
23 duration 31 ]
25 ( 30 )(days
26 5 27 to
27 to 28 7
27 to 30 )(days
30 )(days 31 ]
32 and 49 days
32 and 50 ]
33 452 34 in
34 in 49 days
36 group 42 duration
36 group 49 days
40 [ 42 duration
41 storage 42 duration
42 duration 43 14
42 duration 46 to
42 duration 48 )
44 ( 46 to
45 11 46 to
46 to 47 19
46 to 48 )

no difference was found in mortality , length of icu [stay] , mechanical ventilation duration , postoperative infection and major organ dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 no 2 difference
2 difference 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 in
5 in 6 mortality
6 mortality 8 length
6 mortality 15 duration
7 , 8 length
8 length 9 of
8 length 12 ,
9 of 10 icu
12 , 15 duration
13 mechanical 14 ventilation
14 ventilation 15 duration
15 duration 16 ,
16 , 19 and
17 postoperative 18 infection
18 infection 19 and
19 and 22 dysfunction
20 major 21 organ
21 organ 22 dysfunction

duration of storage used as a continuous variable did not influence the incidence of the composite endpoint when evaluated by univariate or multivariate logistic regression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 duration 2 of
1 duration 4 used
1 duration 9 did
2 of 3 storage
4 used 5 as
5 as 8 variable
6 a 7 continuous
6 a 8 variable
7 continuous 8 variable
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 influence
11 influence 22 or
12 the 13 incidence
13 incidence 14 of
13 incidence 22 or
14 of 16 composite
15 the 16 composite
16 composite 17 endpoint
17 endpoint 18 when
17 endpoint 20 by
18 when 19 evaluated
20 by 21 univariate
22 or 26 analyses
23 multivariate 25 regression
24 logistic 25 regression
25 regression 26 analyses

conclusion : red blood cell storage duration did not influence postoperative morbidity and mortality in paediatric cardiac surgery patients transfused with one or two units of blood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 red
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 red
3 red 6 storage
3 red 15 in
3 red 21 with
4 blood 6 storage
5 cell 6 storage
6 storage 7 duration
6 storage 10 influence
7 duration 8 did
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 influence
10 influence 13 and
11 postoperative 12 morbidity
12 morbidity 13 and
13 and 14 mortality
15 in 19 patients
16 paediatric 19 patients
17 cardiac 19 patients
18 surgery 19 patients
19 patients 20 transfused
21 with 25 units
22 one 23 or
23 or 24 two
23 or 25 units
25 units 26 of
26 of 27 blood

purpose : with the aging of society in developed countries and advances in surgical technology in recent years , surgery is increasing in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 with
2 : 8 in
2 : 13 in
3 with 5 aging
4 the 5 aging
5 aging 6 of
6 of 7 society
8 in 11 and
9 developed 10 countries
9 developed 11 and
11 and 12 advances
13 in 15 technology
14 surgical 15 technology
15 technology 16 in
16 in 18 years
17 recent 18 years
19 , 20 surgery
19 , 21 is
20 surgery 21 is
21 is 22 increasing
22 increasing 23 in
23 in 25 patients
24 elderly 25 patients

when performing surgery in older patients , both surgical outcomes and the maintenance of postoperative quality of life ( qol ) are important issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 when 2 performing
1 when 7 ,
1 when 11 and
2 performing 3 surgery
2 performing 4 in
4 in 6 patients
5 older 6 patients
8 both 10 outcomes
9 surgical 10 outcomes
10 outcomes 11 and
11 and 13 maintenance
11 and 14 of
11 and 17 of
11 and 22 are
12 the 13 maintenance
14 of 16 quality
15 postoperative 16 quality
17 of 18 life
18 life 20 qol
19 ( 20 qol
20 qol 21 )
22 are 24 issues
23 important 24 issues

this study investigated surgical outcomes and postoperative qol in octogenarians who underwent cardiac valvular surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 6 and
3 investigated 9 in
4 surgical 5 outcomes
5 outcomes 6 and
6 and 8 qol
7 postoperative 8 qol
9 in 10 octogenarians
10 octogenarians 11 who
10 octogenarians 12 underwent
11 who 12 underwent
12 underwent 15 surgery
13 cardiac 15 surgery
14 valvular 15 surgery

methods and results : fifty - nine ( 16 males ) [octogenarians] ( 80 - 89 years old , mean age , 82.4 ± 2.4 years ) underwent cardiac valvular surgery between august 1999 and june 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 6 -
4 : 20 mean
5 fifty 6 -
6 - 7 nine
6 - 10 males
6 - 15 -
6 - 20 mean
8 ( 10 males
9 16 10 males
10 males 11 )
13 ( 15 -
14 80 15 -
15 - 16 89
15 - 18 old
15 - 19 ,
16 89 17 years
17 years 18 old
20 mean 21 age
20 mean 28 underwent
21 age 26 years
21 age 28 underwent
22 , 26 years
23 82.4 26 years
24 ± 26 years
25 2.4 26 years
26 years 27 )
28 underwent 35 and
29 cardiac 31 surgery
30 valvular 31 surgery
31 surgery 32 between
31 surgery 35 and
32 between 33 august
33 august 34 1999
35 and 36 june
36 june 37 2011

a qol questionnaire , which included the barthel index ( bi ) , fillenbaum instrumental activities of daily living ( fiadl ) , and the vitality index ( vi ) , was sent to all survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 sent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 3 questionnaire
2 qol 3 questionnaire
3 questionnaire 5 which
3 questionnaire 32 was
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 included
5 which 31 ,
6 included 11 bi
7 the 11 bi
8 barthel 9 index
9 index 11 bi
10 ( 11 bi
11 bi 12 )
11 bi 24 and
13 , 24 and
14 fillenbaum 15 instrumental
15 instrumental 16 activities
16 activities 17 of
16 activities 24 and
17 of 21 fiadl
18 daily 19 living
19 living 21 fiadl
20 ( 21 fiadl
21 fiadl 22 )
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 index
24 and 29 vi
24 and 31 ,
25 the 27 index
26 vitality 27 index
28 ( 29 vi
29 vi 30 )
32 was 33 sent
33 sent 34 to
34 to 36 survivors
35 all 36 survivors

kaplan - meier analysis was used to assess survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 kaplan 2 -
1 kaplan 4 analysis
3 meier 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 9 survival

hospital mortality was 1.6 % ( 1 patient ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 hospital 2 mortality
2 mortality 3 was
3 was 5 %
4 1.6 5 %
5 % 8 patient
6 ( 8 patient
7 1 8 patient
8 patient 9 )

the 3 - , 5 - [,] [and] 7 - year survival rates were 81.2 % , 75.4 % , [and] 67.8 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 13 rates
2 3 3 -
3 - 6 -
3 - 13 rates
4 , 6 -
5 5 6 -
6 - 9 7
6 - 10 -
11 year 13 rates
12 survival 13 rates
13 rates 14 were
14 were 16 %
14 were 25 respectively
15 81.2 16 %
16 % 19 %
17 , 19 %
18 75.4 19 %
19 % 23 %
19 % 24 ,
20 , 23 %
22 67.8 23 %
23 % 24 ,

the bi showed that 87.5 % of patients did not require caregiving , the fiadl showed that 32.5 % were highly independent , and [the] vi showed that 87.5 % were motivated to live . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 bi
2 bi 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 6 %
4 that 11 require
5 87.5 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 9 did
7 of 8 patients
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 require
11 require 12 caregiving
13 , 15 fiadl
13 , 16 showed
14 the 15 fiadl
15 fiadl 16 showed
16 showed 17 that
17 that 19 %
17 that 24 and
18 32.5 19 %
19 % 24 and
20 were 22 independent
20 were 24 and
21 highly 22 independent
23 , 24 and
24 and 34 live
26 vi 27 showed
27 showed 28 that
27 showed 30 %
27 showed 32 motivated
29 87.5 30 %
30 % 31 were
31 were 32 motivated
32 motivated 33 to
33 to 34 live

conclusions : short - term outcomes were satisfactory , [with] low complication and mortality rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 outcomes
2 : 7 were
2 : 9 ,
2 : 16 .
3 short 4 -
3 short 5 term
5 term 6 outcomes
6 outcomes 7 were
7 were 8 satisfactory
9 , 12 complication
9 , 13 and
11 low 12 complication
13 and 14 mortality
13 and 15 rates
14 mortality 15 rates

mid - term outcomes showed maintenance of the minimal required adl and good motivation for living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mid 2 -
1 mid 3 term
3 term 4 outcomes
4 outcomes 5 showed
5 showed 6 maintenance
5 showed 11 adl
5 showed 12 and
5 showed 15 for
6 maintenance 7 of
6 maintenance 10 required
7 of 9 minimal
8 the 9 minimal
12 and 14 motivation
13 good 14 motivation
15 for 16 living

however , independence in social activities was decreased , suggesting the need for comprehensive social support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 independence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decreased
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 independence
3 independence 4 in
3 independence 7 was
4 in 6 activities
5 social 6 activities
7 was 8 decreased
8 decreased 10 suggesting
9 , 10 suggesting
10 suggesting 12 need
10 suggesting 17 .
11 the 12 need
12 need 13 for
13 for 16 support
14 comprehensive 16 support
15 social 16 support

the purpose of this study was to investigate the dentin bond durability of a one - step , fluoride - containing , glass ionomer - based adhesive system , reactmer bond ( rb ) , and that of a two [-] step , fluoride - containing , self - etch adhesive [system] , clearfil protect bond ( cpb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 12 durability
9 the 12 durability
10 dentin 11 bond
11 bond 12 durability
12 durability 13 of
13 of 15 one
14 a 15 one
16 - 17 step
16 - 18 ,
16 - 20 -
18 , 19 fluoride
20 - 36 and
20 - 45 -
21 containing 22 ,
22 , 28 system
22 , 29 ,
23 glass 28 system
24 ionomer 25 -
24 ionomer 28 system
26 based 28 system
27 adhesive 28 system
29 , 33 rb
29 , 36 and
30 reactmer 31 bond
31 bond 33 rb
32 ( 33 rb
33 rb 34 )
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 that
36 and 38 of
36 and 44 fluoride
38 of 42 step
39 a 42 step
40 two 42 step
43 , 44 fluoride
44 fluoride 45 -
45 - 46 containing
45 - 47 ,
47 , 48 self
47 , 49 -
49 - 50 etch
50 etch 51 adhesive
51 adhesive 58 cpb
53 , 58 cpb
54 clearfil 55 protect
55 protect 56 bond
56 bond 58 cpb
57 ( 58 cpb
58 cpb 59 )

enamel was removed from the occlusal surfaces of teeth , and flat dentin surfaces were entirely covered with a composite resin following the application of an adhesive material ( n=10 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enamel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 removed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 enamel 2 was
2 was 3 removed
3 removed 4 from
4 from 7 surfaces
5 the 7 surfaces
6 occlusal 7 surfaces
7 surfaces 8 of
8 of 9 teeth
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 surfaces
11 and 17 covered
12 flat 13 dentin
13 dentin 14 surfaces
14 surfaces 15 were
15 were 16 entirely
15 were 17 covered
17 covered 18 with
18 with 21 resin
19 a 20 composite
19 a 21 resin
20 composite 21 resin
21 resin 22 following
21 resin 25 of
21 resin 30 n=10
22 following 24 application
23 the 24 application
25 of 28 material
26 an 28 material
27 adhesive 28 material
29 ( 30 n=10
30 n=10 31 )

after specimens were sectioned into rectangular sticks of 0.87 ± 0.03 [mm] ( 2 ) , the sticks were randomly assigned into two accelerated aging time period groups : 1 week or 1 year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 sticks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 assigned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 after 2 specimens
1 after 4 sectioned
1 after 16 ,
1 after 18 sticks
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 sectioned
4 sectioned 5 into
5 into 7 sticks
6 rectangular 7 sticks
7 sticks 8 of
8 of 10 ±
9 0.87 10 ±
10 ± 11 0.03
10 ± 14 2
13 ( 14 2
14 2 15 )
17 the 18 sticks
18 sticks 19 were
19 were 21 assigned
20 randomly 21 assigned
21 assigned 22 into
21 assigned 26 time
22 into 23 two
23 two 24 accelerated
23 two 25 aging
26 time 27 period
26 time 28 groups
27 period 28 groups
29 : 32 or
30 1 31 week
31 week 32 or
32 or 34 year
33 1 34 year

microtensile bond strengths were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strengths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 microtensile 3 strengths
2 bond 3 strengths
3 strengths 4 were
4 were 5 determined

bond strength of rb increased significantly after 1 year ( 1 week=27.80 ± [10.57] mpa versus 1 year=36.93 ± [14.38] mpa [ )(( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bond
1 bond 2 strength
1 bond 6 significantly
1 bond 7 after
2 strength 3 of
2 strength 5 increased
3 of 4 rb
7 after 9 year
8 1 9 year
9 year 15 mpa
10 ( 15 mpa
11 1 15 mpa
12 week=27.80 15 mpa
13 ± 15 mpa
15 mpa 16 versus
15 mpa 26 .
16 versus 21 mpa
17 1 21 mpa
18 year=36.93 21 mpa
19 ± 21 mpa
21 mpa 24 p<0.05
23 )(( 24 p<0.05
24 p<0.05 25 )

in contrast , there was no significant difference in bond strength between the two time periods for cpb [(] 1 week=51.74 ± 17.8 mpa versus 1 year=56.03 ± [18.85] mpa [ )(( p>0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 difference
5 was 9 in
5 was 12 between
5 was 15 time
6 no 8 difference
7 significant 8 difference
9 in 11 strength
10 bond 11 strength
12 between 14 two
13 the 14 two
15 time 16 periods
15 time 22 ±
16 periods 17 for
16 periods 22 ±
17 for 21 week=51.74
18 cpb 20 1
18 cpb 21 week=51.74
22 ± 24 mpa
23 17.8 24 mpa
24 mpa 25 versus
24 mpa 33 p>0.05
25 versus 30 mpa
26 1 30 mpa
27 year=56.03 30 mpa
28 ± 30 mpa
32 )(( 33 p>0.05
33 p>0.05 35 )(

both fluoride - containing adhesives seemed to demonstrate reliable bonding performance after 1 year of accelerated aging in water . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fluoride
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 both 2 fluoride
3 - 4 containing
3 - 6 seemed
3 - 20 .
4 containing 5 adhesives
4 containing 6 seemed
6 seemed 7 to
6 seemed 8 demonstrate
7 to 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 11 performance
8 demonstrate 12 after
8 demonstrate 18 in
9 reliable 11 performance
10 bonding 11 performance
12 after 14 year
13 1 14 year
14 year 15 of
15 of 17 aging
16 accelerated 17 aging
18 in 19 water

the present study aimed to compare post - aging microtensile values of fissure sealant ( fs ) containing amorphous calcium phosphate ( acp ) [with] [or] without bonding after various enamel - etching methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 9 aging
4 aimed 27 without
5 to 6 compare
6 compare 7 post
8 - 9 aging
9 aging 11 values
9 aging 24 )
10 microtensile 11 values
11 values 12 of
11 values 18 containing
11 values 23 acp
12 of 14 sealant
13 fissure 14 sealant
14 sealant 16 fs
15 ( 16 fs
16 fs 17 )
18 containing 21 phosphate
19 amorphous 20 calcium
20 calcium 21 phosphate
22 ( 23 acp
23 acp 24 )
27 without 28 bonding
28 bonding 29 after
29 after 31 enamel
30 various 31 enamel
31 enamel 33 etching
32 - 33 etching
33 etching 34 methods
33 etching 35 .

the buccal enamel surfaces of teeth were prepared and divided into five main groups according to enamel etching ( group 1 [;] acid - etching , group 2 [;] air - abrasion , group 3 [;] 2w , group 4 [;] 3w , and group 5 [;] 4w of er:yag laser ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 buccal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 enamel
1 the 2 buccal
2 buccal 3 enamel
3 enamel 4 surfaces
3 enamel 11 into
4 surfaces 5 of
4 surfaces 9 and
5 of 6 teeth
7 were 8 prepared
7 were 9 and
9 and 10 divided
11 into 15 according
12 five 14 groups
13 main 14 groups
14 groups 15 according
15 according 16 to
15 according 17 enamel
15 according 18 etching
15 according 23 acid
15 according 25 etching
16 to 17 enamel
19 ( 23 acid
20 group 21 1
20 group 23 acid
23 acid 24 -
24 - 25 etching
25 etching 31 -
26 , 31 -
27 group 28 2
27 group 30 air
30 air 31 -
31 - 32 abrasion
32 abrasion 34 group
32 abrasion 44 and
33 , 34 group
34 group 35 3
34 group 37 2w
34 group 38 ,
35 3 37 2w
38 , 44 and
39 group 40 4
39 group 42 3w
42 3w 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 48 4w
44 and 52 )
44 and 53 .
45 group 48 4w
46 5 48 4w
48 4w 49 of
49 of 51 laser
50 er:yag 51 laser

each main group was subdivided as with [(] subgroup b [ )(or without [(] subgroup a ) [a] bonding [system] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subdivided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 each 3 group
2 main 3 group
3 group 4 was
4 was 5 subdivided
5 subdivided 6 as
5 subdivided 17 )
5 subdivided 19 bonding
6 as 12 )(or
7 with 9 subgroup
7 with 12 )(or
9 subgroup 10 b
12 )(or 13 without
13 without 15 subgroup
15 subgroup 16 a

we applied fs - containing acp to etched enamel surfaces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 3 fs
4 - 5 containing
4 - 10 surfaces
4 - 11 .
5 containing 6 acp
5 containing 7 to
5 containing 10 surfaces
7 to 9 enamel
8 etched 9 enamel

all specimens were aged by thermocycling and water bath . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 all 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 aged
4 aged 5 by
5 by 7 and
6 thermocycling 7 and
7 and 9 bath
8 water 9 bath

we then measured microtensile bond strengths and analyzed data with two - way anova and tukey 's tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 7 and
2 then 3 measured
3 measured 6 strengths
3 measured 7 and
4 microtensile 5 bond
5 bond 6 strengths
7 and 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 9 data
8 analyzed 10 with
10 with 11 two
12 - 15 and
13 way 14 anova
14 anova 15 and
15 and 18 tests
16 tukey 17 's
17 's 18 tests

we found a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 , between subgroup b of group 5 and subgroups b of all other groups , and between subgroups a and subgroups b of all main groups ( p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 6 difference
2 found 28 and
3 a 6 difference
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 difference
6 difference 7 between
7 between 10 and
8 group 9 1
8 group 10 and
10 and 11 group
10 and 13 ,
11 group 12 2
14 between 20 and
14 between 28 and
15 subgroup 16 b
15 subgroup 17 of
15 subgroup 20 and
17 of 18 group
18 group 19 5
20 and 21 subgroups
20 and 23 of
21 subgroups 22 b
23 of 26 groups
24 all 25 other
25 other 26 groups
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 between
29 between 32 and
30 subgroups 31 a
30 subgroups 32 and
32 and 33 subgroups
32 and 35 of
33 subgroups 34 b
35 of 38 groups
36 all 38 groups
37 main 38 groups
38 groups 40 p<0.01
39 ( 40 p<0.01
40 p<0.01 41 )

er:yag laser - etching may be an alternative enamel etching method to acid - etching for acp - containing fs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 laser
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 er:yag 2 laser
3 - 4 etching
3 - 6 be
4 etching 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 11 method
7 an 8 alternative
7 an 11 method
8 alternative 9 enamel
9 enamel 10 etching
10 etching 11 method
11 method 12 to
11 method 19 containing
12 to 13 acid
13 acid 15 etching
14 - 15 etching
15 etching 16 for
15 etching 18 -
16 for 17 acp
19 containing 20 fs

all routinely utilized sedatives and anesthetics have been found neurotoxic in a wide variety of animal species , including [non] - human primates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
1 all 4 sedatives
2 routinely 3 utilized
3 utilized 4 sedatives
4 sedatives 5 and
5 and 6 anesthetics
5 and 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 found
9 found 10 neurotoxic
10 neurotoxic 11 in
11 in 14 variety
12 a 13 wide
12 a 14 variety
13 wide 14 variety
14 variety 15 of
15 of 17 species
16 animal 17 species
17 species 21 -
18 , 21 -
19 including 21 -
21 - 23 primates
21 - 24 .
22 human 23 primates

neurotoxic effects observed in animals include histologic evidence for apoptotic neuronal cell death and subsequent learning and memory impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neurotoxic 2 effects
2 effects 3 observed
2 effects 6 include
3 observed 4 in
4 in 5 animals
6 include 8 evidence
6 include 9 for
7 histologic 8 evidence
9 for 17 and
10 apoptotic 12 cell
11 neuronal 12 cell
12 cell 13 death
13 death 14 and
14 and 16 learning
14 and 17 and
15 subsequent 16 learning
17 and 19 impairment
18 memory 19 impairment

several cohort studies in neonates with significant comorbidities requiring surgical procedures early in life have also demonstrated abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 several 3 studies
2 cohort 3 studies
3 studies 4 in
3 studies 15 have
4 in 5 neonates
5 neonates 6 with
6 with 8 comorbidities
7 significant 8 comorbidities
8 comorbidities 9 requiring
8 comorbidities 12 early
9 requiring 11 procedures
10 surgical 11 procedures
12 early 13 in
13 in 14 life
15 have 17 demonstrated
16 also 17 demonstrated
17 demonstrated 20 outcomes
18 abnormal 20 outcomes
19 neurodevelopmental 20 outcomes

this article provides an overview of the currently available data from both animal experiments and human clinical studies regarding the effects of sedatives and anesthetics on the developing brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 provides
3 provides 5 overview
3 provides 11 from
3 provides 26 on
4 an 5 overview
5 overview 6 of
6 of 10 data
7 the 10 data
8 currently 9 available
9 available 10 data
11 from 15 and
12 both 15 and
13 animal 14 experiments
14 experiments 15 and
15 and 18 studies
16 human 18 studies
17 clinical 18 studies
18 studies 19 regarding
19 regarding 21 effects
20 the 21 effects
21 effects 22 of
22 of 24 and
23 sedatives 24 and
24 and 25 anesthetics
26 on 29 brain
27 the 29 brain
28 developing 29 brain

objective : this study aimed at defining the incidence and demographics of clinically diagnosed retinal vein occlusion ( rvo ) in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 at
6 at 7 defining
7 defining 10 and
7 defining 21 in
8 the 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 and
10 and 11 demographics
10 and 12 of
10 and 19 rvo
12 of 17 occlusion
13 clinically 14 diagnosed
14 diagnosed 16 vein
15 retinal 16 vein
16 vein 17 occlusion
18 ( 19 rvo
19 rvo 20 )
21 in 22 korea

design : nationwide population - based retrospective study using data entered into the korean national health claims database from 2007 through 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 population
3 nationwide 4 population
5 - 8 study
5 - 17 claims
6 based 8 study
7 retrospective 8 study
8 study 9 using
8 study 17 claims
9 using 10 data
9 using 12 into
10 data 11 entered
12 into 16 health
13 the 16 health
14 korean 15 national
15 national 16 health
17 claims 18 database
17 claims 19 from
19 from 20 2007
20 2007 21 through
21 through 22 2011

participants : data of the entire population of korea ( n = 47,990,761 , based on the 2010 census ) were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 22 analyzed
2 : 23 .
3 data 4 of
3 data 8 of
3 data 21 were
4 of 7 population
5 the 7 population
6 entire 7 population
8 of 9 korea
9 korea 12 =
9 korea 15 based
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 47,990,761
12 = 14 ,
14 , 15 based
15 based 16 on
15 based 20 )
16 on 19 census
17 the 19 census
18 2010 19 census
21 were 22 analyzed

methods : the korean national health claims database was analyzed to identify patients with rvo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 6 health
2 : 7 claims
3 the 6 health
4 korean 6 health
5 national 6 health
6 health 7 claims
7 claims 8 database
7 claims 10 analyzed
8 database 9 was
9 was 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 11 to
10 analyzed 14 with
11 to 12 identify
12 identify 13 patients
14 with 15 rvo

incident cases included individuals with no rvo claims in 2007 , but with rvo claims in the years 2008 through 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 incident
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 incident 2 cases
2 cases 4 individuals
2 cases 5 with
3 included 4 individuals
5 with 8 claims
6 no 8 claims
7 rvo 8 claims
8 claims 12 but
9 in 10 2007
9 in 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 with
13 with 15 claims
14 rvo 15 claims
15 claims 16 in
15 claims 20 through
16 in 18 years
17 the 18 years
18 years 19 2008
20 through 21 2011

the incidence rate of rvo was estimated for the entire korean population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 rate
2 incidence 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 6 was
4 of 5 rvo
6 was 7 estimated
7 estimated 8 for
8 for 12 population
9 the 12 population
10 entire 11 korean
11 korean 12 population

main outcome measures : the person - time incidence rates of clinically diagnosed rvo in korea , including the age - and gender - specific incidence rates , were estimated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 6 person
5 the 6 person
7 - 22 and
7 - 30 estimated
7 - 31 .
8 time 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 rates
10 rates 11 of
10 rates 22 and
11 of 14 rvo
12 clinically 13 diagnosed
13 diagnosed 14 rvo
14 rvo 15 in
15 in 16 korea
16 korea 18 including
17 , 18 including
18 including 20 age
18 including 21 -
19 the 20 age
22 and 23 gender
22 and 27 rates
22 and 29 were
24 - 27 rates
25 specific 26 incidence
26 incidence 27 rates
27 rates 28 ,
29 were 30 estimated

results : a total of 92 730 rvo cases ( 56.4 % in women ) were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 17 identified
5 of 6 92
7 730 8 rvo
8 rvo 9 cases
8 rvo 16 were
8 rvo 17 identified
9 cases 12 %
9 cases 16 were
10 ( 12 %
11 56.4 12 %
12 % 13 in
12 % 15 )
13 in 14 women

the incidence rate of clinically diagnosed rvo during the study period was 48.31 per 100,000 person - years ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] , 48.00 - 48.62 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 rate
2 incidence 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 12 was
4 of 7 rvo
5 clinically 6 diagnosed
6 diagnosed 7 rvo
7 rvo 8 during
8 during 11 period
9 the 11 period
10 study 11 period
12 was 13 48.31
13 48.31 14 per
13 48.31 18 years
13 48.31 29 -
14 per 16 person
15 100,000 16 person
17 - 18 years
18 years 22 confidence
18 years 27 ,
19 ( 22 confidence
20 95 21 %
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 25 ci
22 confidence 26 ]
24 [ 25 ci
25 ci 26 ]
27 , 29 -
28 48.00 29 -
29 - 30 48.62
29 - 31 )

the incidence rate among men and women was 42.40 ( 95 % ci , 41.99 - 42.81 [ )(and 54.14 ( 95 % ci , 53.67 - 54.60 [ )(per 100,000 person - years , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 rate
2 incidence 3 rate
3 rate 4 among
3 rate 8 was
4 among 6 and
5 men 6 and
6 and 7 women
8 was 9 42.40
8 was 36 respectively
8 was 39 <
9 42.40 13 ci
9 42.40 16 -
10 ( 13 ci
11 95 13 ci
12 % 13 ci
13 ci 14 ,
14 , 16 -
15 41.99 16 -
16 - 19 )(and
16 - 35 ,
17 42.81 19 )(and
19 )(and 20 54.14
19 )(and 24 ci
19 )(and 27 -
21 ( 24 ci
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 ,
25 , 27 -
26 53.67 27 -
27 - 28 54.60
27 - 30 )(per
27 - 34 years
27 - 35 ,
30 )(per 32 person
31 100,000 32 person
33 - 34 years
34 years 35 ,
37 ( 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.001
39 < 41 )

the highest incidence of 214.92 per 100,000 person - years ( 95 % ci , 211.29 - 218.56 ) was observed in the age group of 70 to 74 years ( 186.62 [ 95 % ci , 181.46 - 191.78 []] and 236.25 [ 95 % ci , 231.21 - 241.29 []] per 100,000 person - years for men and women aged 70 to 74 years , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 70 .
1 the 2 highest
1 the 3 incidence
3 incidence 4 of
3 incidence 20 was
4 of 5 214.92
5 214.92 6 per
5 214.92 10 years
5 214.92 17 -
6 per 8 person
7 100,000 8 person
9 - 10 years
10 years 14 ci
10 years 15 ,
11 ( 14 ci
12 95 14 ci
13 % 14 ci
14 ci 15 ,
15 , 17 -
16 211.29 17 -
17 - 18 218.56
17 - 19 )
20 was 21 observed
21 observed 22 in
22 in 25 group
23 the 25 group
24 age 25 group
25 group 26 of
25 group 32 186.62
25 group 38 181.46
26 of 30 years
27 70 28 to
28 to 29 74
28 to 30 years
31 ( 32 186.62
32 186.62 36 ci
32 186.62 37 ,
33 [ 36 ci
34 95 36 ci
35 % 36 ci
36 ci 37 ,
37 , 38 181.46
38 181.46 39 -
39 - 42 and
39 - 56 -
40 191.78 42 and
42 and 43 236.25
42 and 47 ci
44 [ 47 ci
45 95 47 ci
46 % 47 ci
47 ci 50 -
47 ci 56 -
48 , 50 -
49 231.21 50 -
50 - 51 241.29
50 - 53 per
50 - 56 -
53 per 55 person
54 100,000 55 person
56 - 57 years
56 - 62 aged
57 years 58 for
57 years 62 aged
58 for 60 and
59 men 60 and
60 and 61 women
62 aged 63 70
62 aged 68 respectively
63 70 64 to
64 to 66 years
65 74 66 years
67 , 68 respectively
68 respectively 69 )

the incidence rate of rvo increased as the age of the population increased - more than doubling approximately every 10 years from the second to the seventh decade of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 rate
2 incidence 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 6 increased
4 of 5 rvo
6 increased 7 as
6 increased 25 to
7 as 9 age
8 the 9 age
9 age 10 of
10 of 12 population
11 the 12 population
12 population 13 increased
12 population 19 every
12 population 22 from
13 increased 14 -
13 increased 17 doubling
15 more 16 than
16 than 17 doubling
18 approximately 19 every
19 every 21 years
20 10 21 years
22 from 24 second
23 the 24 second
25 to 28 decade
26 the 27 seventh
26 the 28 decade
28 decade 29 of
29 of 30 life

retinal vein occlusion occurred more often in men 30 to 54 years of age and in men older than 85 years , but was more common in women 55 to 84 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occlusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 retinal 2 vein
2 vein 3 occlusion
3 occlusion 23 but
4 occurred 6 often
4 occurred 7 in
4 occurred 23 but
5 more 6 often
7 in 8 men
8 men 9 30
8 men 15 and
8 men 18 older
10 to 12 years
10 to 15 and
11 54 12 years
12 years 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 and 16 in
16 in 17 men
18 older 19 than
19 than 21 years
20 85 21 years
22 , 23 but
23 but 24 was
24 was 26 common
25 more 26 common
26 common 27 in
27 in 28 women
28 women 29 55
28 women 30 to
28 women 33 of
30 to 32 years
31 84 32 years
33 of 34 age

conclusions : this study reports the population [-] based rvo incidence in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 reports
2 : 14 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 reports
5 reports 11 incidence
5 reports 12 in
6 the 11 incidence
7 population 9 based
9 based 11 incidence
10 rvo 11 incidence
12 in 13 korea

the rvo incidence increased exponentially as the age of the population increased , and the rvo incidence in women was 1.28 times higher than that in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 incidence
2 rvo 3 incidence
3 incidence 4 increased
3 incidence 9 of
3 incidence 20 was
4 increased 5 exponentially
4 increased 6 as
6 as 8 age
7 the 8 age
9 of 14 and
10 the 11 population
11 population 12 increased
11 population 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 incidence
14 and 18 in
15 the 17 incidence
16 rvo 17 incidence
18 in 19 women
20 was 22 times
20 was 23 higher
21 1.28 22 times
23 higher 24 than
23 higher 26 in
24 than 25 that
26 in 27 men

the increasing burden of ageing populations and their healthcare expenditure is a major challenge worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 burden
2 increasing 3 burden
3 burden 4 of
3 burden 11 is
4 of 7 and
5 ageing 6 populations
6 populations 7 and
7 and 10 expenditure
8 their 10 expenditure
9 healthcare 10 expenditure
11 is 14 challenge
11 is 15 worldwide
12 a 13 major
12 a 14 challenge
13 major 14 challenge

ageing is a complex disorder and can be defined as progressive decline in function [with] time leading to increased incidence [of] various cardiovascular , neurological and immunological diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 12 decline
3 a 4 complex
3 a 12 decline
4 complex 5 disorder
5 disorder 6 and
6 and 7 can
6 and 8 be
8 be 9 defined
10 as 11 progressive
11 progressive 12 decline
12 decline 13 in
12 decline 17 leading
13 in 16 time
14 function 16 time
17 leading 18 to
18 to 28 diseases
19 increased 20 incidence
20 incidence 28 diseases
22 various 28 diseases
23 cardiovascular 24 ,
24 , 25 neurological
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 immunological
26 and 28 diseases

the human genome comprises [of] many protein coding and even more [non] - coding rna genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 comprises
1 the 3 genome
2 human 3 genome
3 genome 4 comprises
4 comprises 6 many
4 comprises 9 and
4 comprises 14 coding
7 protein 8 coding
7 protein 9 and
9 and 11 more
10 even 11 more
13 - 14 coding
14 coding 16 genes
14 coding 17 .
15 rna 16 genes

micrornas , a class [of] [non] - coding rna , regulate the expression of multiple messenger rnas post - transcriptionally [and] [are] reported to be involved in crucial aspects of cell biology encompassing ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 regulate
1 micrornas 4 class
1 micrornas 11 regulate
2 , 4 class
3 a 4 class
4 class 8 coding
4 class 10 ,
7 - 8 coding
8 coding 9 rna
8 coding 10 ,
11 regulate 13 expression
11 regulate 23 reported
12 the 13 expression
13 expression 14 of
14 of 18 post
15 multiple 16 messenger
16 messenger 18 post
17 rnas 18 post
19 - 23 reported
20 transcriptionally 23 reported
23 reported 24 to
23 reported 26 involved
23 reported 27 in
23 reported 35 .
24 to 25 be
25 be 26 involved
27 in 29 aspects
28 crucial 29 aspects
29 aspects 30 of
29 aspects 33 encompassing
30 of 32 biology
31 cell 32 biology
33 encompassing 34 ageing

recently , several studies have reported the regulation of micrornas with ageing and micrornas like mir - 34 have emerged as critical regulator [of] ageing extending from caenorhabditis elegans to mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 studies
3 several 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 13 and
6 reported 8 regulation
6 reported 11 with
6 reported 13 and
7 the 8 regulation
8 regulation 9 of
9 of 10 micrornas
11 with 12 ageing
13 and 14 micrornas
14 micrornas 15 like
15 like 16 mir
16 mir 18 34
16 mir 29 elegans
17 - 18 34
18 34 19 have
19 have 20 emerged
20 emerged 21 as
21 as 25 ageing
21 as 29 elegans
22 critical 23 regulator
23 regulator 25 ageing
25 ageing 26 extending
25 ageing 29 elegans
26 extending 27 from
27 from 28 caenorhabditis
29 elegans 30 to
30 to 31 mammals

here , we summarize the reported role of micrornas as well as long noncoding rnas ( lncrnas ) in the process of ageing with a special emphasis on cardiovascular ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 summarize
4 summarize 7 role
4 summarize 12 as
5 the 7 role
6 reported 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 micrornas
10 as 11 well
11 well 12 as
12 as 14 noncoding
13 long 14 noncoding
14 noncoding 15 rnas
14 noncoding 19 in
14 noncoding 24 with
14 noncoding 28 on
15 rnas 17 lncrnas
16 ( 17 lncrnas
17 lncrnas 18 )
19 in 21 process
20 the 21 process
21 process 22 of
22 of 23 ageing
24 with 27 emphasis
25 a 26 special
25 a 27 emphasis
26 special 27 emphasis
28 on 30 ageing
29 cardiovascular 30 ageing

sirt6 is a histone deacetylase that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders and the prevention of age - associated diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirt6
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 sirt6 2 is
2 is 4 histone
2 is 5 deacetylase
3 a 4 histone
5 deacetylase 6 that
5 deacetylase 7 has
6 that 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 proposed
9 proposed 10 as
10 as 14 target
11 a 12 potential
11 a 14 target
12 potential 14 target
13 therapeutic 14 target
14 target 15 for
14 target 21 of
15 for 18 and
16 metabolic 17 disorders
17 disorders 18 and
18 and 20 prevention
19 the 20 prevention
21 of 22 age
23 - 25 diseases
24 associated 25 diseases

we have previously reported on the identification of quercetin and vitexin as sirt6 inhibitors , and studied structurally related flavonoids including luteolin , kaempferol , apigenin and naringenin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 16 and
3 previously 4 reported
4 reported 5 on
4 reported 12 as
4 reported 16 and
5 on 10 and
6 the 7 identification
7 identification 8 of
7 identification 10 and
8 of 9 quercetin
10 and 11 vitexin
12 as 14 inhibitors
13 sirt6 14 inhibitors
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 studied
17 studied 20 flavonoids
18 structurally 19 related
19 related 20 flavonoids
20 flavonoids 21 including
21 including 27 and
22 luteolin 23 ,
23 , 24 kaempferol
23 , 25 ,
25 , 26 apigenin
25 , 27 and
27 and 28 naringenin

it was determined that the sirt6 protein remained active after immobilization and that a single frontal displacement could correctly predict the functional activity of the immobilized enzyme . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 determined
3 determined 12 and
4 that 7 protein
4 that 8 remained
4 that 12 and
5 the 7 protein
6 sirt6 7 protein
7 protein 8 remained
8 remained 9 active
9 active 10 after
10 after 11 immobilization
12 and 13 that
13 that 17 displacement
13 that 20 predict
14 a 15 single
14 a 17 displacement
15 single 17 displacement
16 frontal 17 displacement
17 displacement 18 could
18 could 20 predict
19 correctly 20 predict
20 predict 23 activity
21 the 23 activity
22 functional 23 activity
23 activity 24 of
24 of 27 enzyme
25 the 27 enzyme
26 immobilized 27 enzyme

the previous study generated a preliminary pharmacophore for the quercetin binding site on sirt6 , containing 3 hydrogen bond donors and one hydrogen bond acceptor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 generated
1 the 3 study
2 previous 3 study
3 study 4 generated
4 generated 7 pharmacophore
4 generated 13 on
4 generated 16 containing
5 a 7 pharmacophore
6 preliminary 7 pharmacophore
7 pharmacophore 8 for
8 for 12 site
9 the 12 site
10 quercetin 11 binding
11 binding 12 site
13 on 14 sirt6
15 , 16 containing
16 containing 21 and
16 containing 26 .
17 3 21 and
18 hydrogen 20 donors
19 bond 20 donors
20 donors 21 and
21 and 25 acceptor
22 one 25 acceptor
23 hydrogen 24 bond
24 bond 25 acceptor

in this study , we have generated a refined pharmacophore with an additional twelve quercetin analogs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 have
6 have 7 generated
7 generated 10 pharmacophore
7 generated 11 with
8 a 10 pharmacophore
9 refined 10 pharmacophore
11 with 16 analogs
12 an 13 additional
13 additional 14 twelve
14 twelve 16 analogs
15 quercetin 16 analogs

the resulting model had a positive linear behavior between the experimental elution time verses the fit values obtained from the model with a correlation coefficient of 0.8456 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 model
2 resulting 3 model
3 model 4 had
4 had 8 behavior
5 a 6 positive
5 a 8 behavior
6 positive 8 behavior
7 linear 8 behavior
8 behavior 9 between
8 behavior 17 values
8 behavior 18 obtained
9 between 14 verses
10 the 14 verses
11 experimental 12 elution
12 elution 14 verses
13 time 14 verses
15 the 17 values
16 fit 17 values
17 values 18 obtained
18 obtained 19 from
18 obtained 22 with
19 from 21 model
20 the 21 model
22 with 25 coefficient
23 a 25 coefficient
24 correlation 25 coefficient
25 coefficient 26 of
26 of 27 0.8456

numerous clinical and epidemiological reports indicate that patients with history of vascular illness [such] [as] stroke are more likely to develop dementia as the clinical manifestation of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 numerous
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 numerous 17 are
2 clinical 3 and
3 and 4 epidemiological
3 and 5 reports
3 and 16 stroke
3 and 17 are
5 reports 6 indicate
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 8 patients
7 that 16 stroke
8 patients 9 with
8 patients 11 of
8 patients 16 stroke
9 with 10 history
11 of 13 illness
12 vascular 13 illness
17 are 19 likely
18 more 19 likely
19 likely 20 to
19 likely 21 develop
20 to 21 develop
21 develop 22 dementia
21 develop 23 as
23 as 26 manifestation
24 the 26 manifestation
25 clinical 26 manifestation
26 manifestation 27 of
27 of 30 disease
28 alzheimer 29 's
29 's 30 disease

however , there are little data regarding the pathologic mechanisms that link vascular risk factors to the factors associated with dementia [onset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 data
5 little 6 data
6 data 7 regarding
6 data 16 to
7 regarding 10 mechanisms
8 the 10 mechanisms
9 pathologic 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 that
10 mechanisms 12 link
11 that 12 link
12 link 15 factors
13 vascular 15 factors
14 risk 15 factors
16 to 18 factors
17 the 18 factors
18 factors 19 associated
18 factors 20 with
20 with 21 dementia

we provide evidence that suggests intriguing detrimental interactions between stroke [and] β - amyloid ( aβ ) toxicity in the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 provide
2 provide 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 that
3 evidence 5 suggests
4 that 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 intriguing
6 intriguing 8 interactions
6 intriguing 9 between
6 intriguing 19 in
7 detrimental 8 interactions
9 between 18 toxicity
10 stroke 18 toxicity
12 β 13 -
12 β 18 toxicity
14 amyloid 16 aβ
14 amyloid 18 toxicity
15 ( 16 aβ
16 aβ 17 )
19 in 21 hippocampus
20 the 21 hippocampus

stroke was induced by unilateral striatal injection of endothelin - 1 , the potent vasoconstrictor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 stroke 2 was
2 was 3 induced
3 induced 4 by
4 by 7 injection
5 unilateral 7 injection
6 striatal 7 injection
7 injection 8 of
8 of 9 endothelin
9 endothelin 11 1
10 - 11 1
11 1 12 ,
12 , 15 vasoconstrictor
13 the 15 vasoconstrictor
14 potent 15 vasoconstrictor

aβ toxicity was modeled by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of the toxic fragment aβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 toxicity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modeled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 aβ 2 toxicity
2 toxicity 3 was
3 was 4 modeled
4 modeled 5 by
5 by 8 injections
6 bilateral 8 injections
7 intracerebroventricular 8 injections
8 injections 9 of
9 of 13 aβ
10 the 12 fragment
11 toxic 12 fragment
12 fragment 13 aβ

gross morphologic changes in comorbid aβ and stroke rats were enlargement of the lateral ventricles with concomitant shrinkage of the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 gross 3 changes
2 morphologic 3 changes
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 7 and
4 in 6 aβ
5 comorbid 6 aβ
7 and 9 rats
7 and 10 were
8 stroke 9 rats
10 were 11 enlargement
11 enlargement 12 of
12 of 15 ventricles
13 the 15 ventricles
14 lateral 15 ventricles
15 ventricles 16 with
15 ventricles 19 of
16 with 18 shrinkage
17 concomitant 18 shrinkage
19 of 21 hippocampus
20 the 21 hippocampus

the hippocampus displayed a series of synergistic biochemical alterations , including microgliosis , deposition of aβ precursor protein fragments , and cellular degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hippocampus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 hippocampus
2 hippocampus 3 displayed
3 displayed 5 series
3 displayed 11 including
4 a 5 series
5 series 6 of
6 of 9 alterations
7 synergistic 9 alterations
8 biochemical 9 alterations
10 , 11 including
11 including 12 microgliosis
11 including 13 ,
13 , 21 and
14 deposition 15 of
14 deposition 21 and
15 of 19 fragments
16 aβ 17 precursor
17 precursor 19 fragments
18 protein 19 fragments
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 degeneration
22 cellular 23 degeneration

in addition , there was bilateral induction of connexin43 , reduced neuronal survival , and impaired dendritic development [of] adult - born immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of these rats compared with either rats alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 7 induction
6 bilateral 7 induction
7 induction 8 of
8 of 9 connexin43
10 , 15 and
10 , 21 -
11 reduced 13 survival
12 neuronal 13 survival
13 survival 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 20 adult
16 impaired 18 development
17 dendritic 18 development
18 development 20 adult
21 - 24 neurons
21 - 32 compared
21 - 37 .
22 born 24 neurons
23 immature 24 neurons
24 neurons 25 in
24 neurons 32 compared
25 in 28 gyrus
26 the 28 gyrus
27 dentate 28 gyrus
28 gyrus 29 of
29 of 31 rats
30 these 31 rats
32 compared 33 with
33 with 34 either
33 with 35 rats
35 rats 36 alone

behaviorally , there was impairment in the hippocampal - based discriminative fear - conditioning to context task indicating learning and memory deficit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 behaviorally 2 ,
1 behaviorally 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 in
6 in 20 and
7 the 14 conditioning
8 hippocampal 12 fear
8 hippocampal 13 -
8 hippocampal 14 conditioning
9 - 12 fear
10 based 12 fear
11 discriminative 12 fear
12 fear 13 -
14 conditioning 15 to
14 conditioning 20 and
15 to 18 indicating
16 context 17 task
17 task 18 indicating
18 indicating 19 learning
20 and 22 deficit
21 memory 22 deficit

these results suggest an insight into the relationship between hippocampal atrophy , pathology , and functional impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 insight
3 suggest 6 into
3 suggest 9 between
4 an 5 insight
6 into 8 relationship
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 15 and
10 hippocampal 11 atrophy
11 atrophy 12 ,
12 , 13 pathology
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 impairment
16 functional 17 impairment

our work not only highlights the exacerbated pathology that emerges when aβ toxicity and stroke occur comorbidly but also demonstrates that this comorbid rat model exhibits physiopathology that is highly characteristic of the human condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 work
2 work 19 also
3 not 4 only
4 only 19 also
5 highlights 8 pathology
5 highlights 11 when
5 highlights 19 also
6 the 8 pathology
7 exacerbated 8 pathology
8 pathology 9 that
8 pathology 10 emerges
9 that 10 emerges
11 when 14 and
11 when 16 occur
12 aβ 13 toxicity
13 toxicity 14 and
14 and 15 stroke
14 and 16 occur
16 occur 17 comorbidly
18 but 19 also
19 also 20 demonstrates
20 demonstrates 21 that
21 that 25 model
21 that 26 exhibits
22 this 25 model
23 comorbid 25 model
24 rat 25 model
25 model 26 exhibits
26 exhibits 27 physiopathology
27 physiopathology 28 that
27 physiopathology 29 is
27 physiopathology 32 of
28 that 29 is
29 is 31 characteristic
30 highly 31 characteristic
32 of 35 condition
33 the 35 condition
34 human 35 condition

background : detection of " any cognitive impairment " is mandated as part of the medicare annual wellness visit , but screening all patients may result in excessive false positives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 detection
2 : 11 mandated
2 : 20 ,
2 : 31 .
3 detection 4 of
3 detection 10 is
4 of 5 "
4 of 8 impairment
6 any 8 impairment
7 cognitive 8 impairment
8 impairment 9 "
10 is 11 mandated
11 mandated 12 as
12 as 13 part
13 part 14 of
14 of 19 visit
15 the 19 visit
16 medicare 19 visit
17 annual 18 wellness
18 wellness 19 visit
20 , 24 patients
20 , 26 result
21 but 22 screening
21 but 24 patients
22 screening 23 all
24 patients 25 may
25 may 26 result
26 result 27 in
27 in 30 positives
28 excessive 30 positives
29 false 30 positives

accuracy was good across the cohorts ( harrell 's [c] statistic : chs , 0.68 ; fhs , 0.77 ; hrs , 0.76 ; salsa , 0.78 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 accuracy 2 was
2 was 3 good
3 good 4 across
4 across 6 cohorts
5 the 6 cohorts
6 cohorts 11 statistic
7 ( 11 statistic
8 harrell 9 's
9 's 11 statistic
11 statistic 12 :
12 : 13 chs
12 : 14 ,
12 : 29 )(
14 , 15 0.68
14 , 16 ;
16 ; 17 fhs
16 ; 18 ,
18 , 19 0.77
18 , 20 ;
20 ; 21 hrs
20 ; 22 ,
22 , 23 0.76
22 , 24 ;
24 ; 25 salsa
24 ; 26 ,
26 , 27 0.78

conclusions : the dementia screening indicator is a simple tool that may be useful in primary care settings to identify high - risk patients to target for cognitive screening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 6 indicator
2 : 7 is
3 the 6 indicator
4 dementia 5 screening
5 screening 6 indicator
6 indicator 7 is
7 is 10 tool
8 a 10 tool
9 simple 10 tool
10 tool 11 that
10 tool 20 identify
11 that 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 useful
14 useful 15 in
14 useful 19 to
15 in 18 settings
16 primary 18 settings
17 care 18 settings
19 to 20 identify
20 identify 24 patients
20 identify 27 for
21 high 22 -
21 high 24 patients
23 risk 24 patients
24 patients 25 to
24 patients 26 target
25 to 26 target
27 for 29 screening
28 cognitive 29 screening

developmental processes are inherently time - related , with various time metrics and transition points being used to proxy [how] change is organized with respect to [the] theoretically underlying mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 developmental 2 processes
2 processes 3 are
3 are 4 inherently
3 are 5 time
3 are 7 related
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 ,
8 , 9 with
8 , 22 is
9 with 13 and
9 with 22 is
10 various 12 metrics
11 time 12 metrics
12 metrics 13 and
13 and 15 points
13 and 16 being
14 transition 15 points
16 being 17 used
17 used 18 to
18 to 19 proxy
21 change 22 is
22 is 23 organized
23 organized 24 with
23 organized 26 to
24 with 25 respect
26 to 29 underlying
28 theoretically 29 underlying
29 underlying 30 mechanisms

using an approach based on akaike weights , we tested whether developmental trajectories ( for each time metric ) [of] depressive symptoms in late life are more efficiently described as a single continuous process [or] as [a] 2 - phase process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 using 3 approach
1 using 4 based
2 an 3 approach
4 based 5 on
4 based 7 weights
5 on 6 akaike
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 tested
9 we 10 tested
10 tested 11 whether
11 whether 13 trajectories
11 whether 40 phase
12 developmental 13 trajectories
13 trajectories 15 for
13 trajectories 40 phase
14 ( 15 for
15 for 17 time
15 for 39 -
16 each 17 time
17 time 22 symptoms
17 time 29 described
18 metric 19 )
18 metric 22 symptoms
21 depressive 22 symptoms
22 symptoms 23 in
22 symptoms 26 are
23 in 25 life
24 late 25 life
26 are 28 efficiently
26 are 29 described
27 more 28 efficiently
29 described 30 as
30 as 34 process
31 a 32 single
31 a 34 process
32 single 34 process
33 continuous 34 process
34 process 36 as
36 as 38 2
40 phase 41 process

comparing fits of linear and multiphase growth models , we found that 2 - phase models demonstrated better fit than did single - phase models across all time metrics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 comparing 2 fits
1 comparing 9 ,
1 comparing 10 we
2 fits 3 of
3 of 8 models
4 linear 5 and
5 and 6 multiphase
5 and 8 models
7 growth 8 models
10 we 11 found
11 found 12 that
11 found 13 2
14 - 16 models
14 - 21 did
15 phase 16 models
16 models 17 demonstrated
16 models 19 fit
16 models 21 did
18 better 19 fit
20 than 21 did
21 did 25 models
21 did 26 across
22 single 23 -
22 single 24 phase
24 phase 25 models
26 across 29 metrics
27 all 29 metrics
28 time 29 metrics

time - to [-] death and time - to/from - disability - onset models provided more efficient descriptions of changes in depressive symptoms than did time - from [-] birth models , with time - to [-] death models representing the best overall fit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 time 3 to
1 time 9 to/from
2 - 3 to
3 to 6 and
3 to 8 -
5 death 6 and
6 and 7 time
6 and 8 -
9 to/from 11 disability
10 - 11 disability
11 disability 12 -
12 - 13 onset
12 - 20 changes
13 onset 14 models
13 onset 19 of
13 onset 20 changes
14 models 15 provided
15 provided 18 descriptions
16 more 17 efficient
17 efficient 18 descriptions
18 descriptions 19 of
20 changes 21 in
20 changes 24 than
21 in 23 symptoms
22 depressive 23 symptoms
24 than 25 did
24 than 33 with
25 did 26 time
26 time 28 from
27 - 28 from
28 from 31 models
28 from 32 ,
30 birth 31 models
33 with 34 time
34 time 36 to
35 - 36 to
36 to 38 death
36 to 45 .
38 death 39 models
38 death 44 fit
39 models 40 representing
39 models 44 fit
40 representing 42 best
41 the 42 best
43 overall 44 fit

our findings support prior research that late - life changes in depressive symptoms are driven by disablement and , particularly , mortality processes [,] rather than advancing chronological age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 5 research
3 support 7 late
4 prior 5 research
6 that 7 late
8 - 10 changes
8 - 15 driven
8 - 18 and
8 - 30 .
9 life 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
10 changes 14 are
11 in 13 symptoms
12 depressive 13 symptoms
14 are 15 driven
15 driven 16 by
16 by 17 disablement
18 and 19 ,
18 and 22 mortality
18 and 23 processes
19 , 20 particularly
20 particularly 21 ,
20 particularly 22 mortality
22 mortality 23 processes
23 processes 26 than
23 processes 29 age
25 rather 26 than
26 than 27 advancing
28 chronological 29 age

developmental researchers across content areas can compare age with other relevant time metrics to determine if chronological age or other processes drive the underlying developmental change in their construct of interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 developmental 2 researchers
2 researchers 3 across
2 researchers 6 can
3 across 5 areas
4 content 5 areas
6 can 7 compare
7 compare 8 age
8 age 9 with
8 age 14 to
8 age 15 determine
9 with 13 metrics
10 other 13 metrics
11 relevant 13 metrics
12 time 13 metrics
14 to 15 determine
15 determine 16 if
16 if 19 or
16 if 22 drive
17 chronological 18 age
18 age 19 or
19 or 21 processes
19 or 22 drive
20 other 21 processes
22 drive 26 change
22 drive 27 in
23 the 26 change
24 underlying 26 change
25 developmental 26 change
27 in 29 construct
28 their 29 construct
29 construct 30 of
30 of 31 interest

how does cognitive control change with age , and what are the processes underlying these changes ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ?
1 how 2 does
2 does 4 control
2 does 5 change
3 cognitive 4 control
5 change 6 with
6 with 9 and
7 age 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 what
9 and 11 are
9 and 14 underlying
11 are 13 processes
12 the 13 processes
13 processes 14 underlying
14 underlying 16 changes
15 these 16 changes

this question has been extensively studied using versions of the task - switching paradigm , which allow participants to actively prepare for the upcoming task ( kray , eber , [&] karbach , 2008 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 question
2 question 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 6 studied
5 extensively 6 studied
6 studied 7 using
7 using 8 versions
8 versions 9 of
9 of 11 task
10 the 11 task
12 - 14 paradigm
12 - 15 ,
13 switching 14 paradigm
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 allow
16 which 17 allow
17 allow 18 participants
17 allow 19 to
17 allow 22 for
19 to 21 prepare
20 actively 21 prepare
22 for 25 task
23 the 25 task
24 upcoming 25 task
25 task 27 kray
25 task 32 karbach
26 ( 27 kray
27 kray 29 eber
27 kray 30 ,
28 , 29 eber
29 eber 30 ,
30 , 32 karbach
32 karbach 34 2008
32 karbach 35 )
33 , 34 2008
34 2008 35 )

little is known , however , about age - related changes in this ability across the life span when there is no opportunity to anticipate task goals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 5 however
3 known 7 about
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
7 about 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 changes
10 related 12 in
10 related 15 across
10 related 28 .
12 in 14 ability
13 this 14 ability
15 across 18 span
16 the 18 span
17 life 18 span
18 span 19 when
19 when 20 there
19 when 21 is
20 there 21 is
21 is 23 opportunity
22 no 23 opportunity
23 opportunity 24 to
23 opportunity 25 anticipate
24 to 25 anticipate
25 anticipate 27 goals
26 task 27 goals

we examined the effect of 2 kinds of verbal self - instruction - labeling either the task goal or the relevant feature of the stimulus - on 2 components of cognitive control , goal setting and switching , in children , young adults , and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 14 labeling
5 of 8 of
6 2 8 of
7 kinds 8 of
8 of 10 self
8 of 12 instruction
9 verbal 10 self
11 - 12 instruction
12 instruction 13 -
14 labeling 19 or
14 labeling 27 on
14 labeling 39 in
15 either 19 or
16 the 18 goal
17 task 18 goal
18 goal 19 or
19 or 22 feature
19 or 23 of
20 the 22 feature
21 relevant 22 feature
23 of 25 stimulus
24 the 25 stimulus
26 - 27 on
27 on 36 and
27 on 38 ,
28 2 29 components
29 components 30 of
29 components 33 ,
30 of 32 control
31 cognitive 32 control
33 , 35 setting
33 , 36 and
34 goal 35 setting
36 and 37 switching
36 and 38 ,
39 in 45 and
40 children 41 ,
41 , 43 adults
41 , 45 and
42 young 43 adults
44 , 45 and
45 and 47 adults
46 older 47 adults

all participants performed single - task blocks and mixed - task blocks ( involving unpredictable switching between 2 tasks ) in silent and labeling conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 8 and
3 performed 7 blocks
3 performed 8 and
4 single 5 -
4 single 6 task
6 task 7 blocks
8 and 9 mixed
10 - 11 task
10 - 26 .
11 task 12 blocks
11 task 14 involving
11 task 21 in
13 ( 14 involving
14 involving 16 switching
14 involving 17 between
14 involving 20 )
15 unpredictable 16 switching
17 between 19 tasks
18 2 19 tasks
21 in 25 conditions
22 silent 23 and
23 and 24 labeling
23 and 25 conditions

participants categorized bidimensional stimuli either by [picture] or by color , depending on their spatial position in [a] 2 - cell vertical grid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 participants 2 categorized
2 categorized 4 stimuli
2 categorized 8 or
3 bidimensional 4 stimuli
5 either 8 or
6 by 8 or
8 or 9 by
8 or 10 color
10 color 12 depending
11 , 12 depending
12 depending 13 on
12 depending 17 in
12 depending 20 -
13 on 16 position
14 their 16 position
15 spatial 16 position
17 in 19 2
20 - 23 grid
20 - 24 .
21 cell 23 grid
22 vertical 23 grid

response times revealed an inverted [u] shape in performance with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 times
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 response 2 times
2 times 3 revealed
3 revealed 7 shape
3 revealed 8 in
3 revealed 10 with
4 an 7 shape
5 inverted 7 shape
8 in 9 performance
10 with 11 age

these age differences were more pronounced for goal setting than for switching , thus generalizing results obtained in situations taping proactive control to this new context forcing reactive control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 pronounced
1 these 3 differences
2 age 3 differences
3 differences 4 were
4 were 5 more
4 were 6 pronounced
6 pronounced 7 for
6 pronounced 10 than
6 pronounced 11 for
7 for 9 setting
8 goal 9 setting
11 for 12 switching
12 switching 15 generalizing
13 , 15 generalizing
14 thus 15 generalizing
15 generalizing 16 results
15 generalizing 23 to
15 generalizing 30 .
16 results 17 obtained
16 results 20 taping
17 obtained 18 in
18 in 19 situations
20 taping 22 control
21 proactive 22 control
23 to 26 context
24 this 25 new
25 new 26 context
26 context 27 forcing
27 forcing 29 control
28 reactive 29 control

further , differential age - related effects of verbalization were also obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 age
3 differential 4 age
4 age 10 were
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 effects
6 related 10 were
7 effects 8 of
8 of 9 verbalization
10 were 12 obtained
11 also 12 obtained

verbalizations were detrimental for young adults , beneficial for older adults , and had mixed effects in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 verbalizations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 verbalizations 13 and
2 were 3 detrimental
2 were 13 and
3 detrimental 4 for
4 for 6 adults
5 young 6 adults
6 adults 8 beneficial
7 , 8 beneficial
8 beneficial 9 for
8 beneficial 12 ,
9 for 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 had
14 had 15 mixed
15 mixed 16 effects
15 mixed 17 in
17 in 18 children

these differences are interpreted in terms of qualitative developmental changes in reactive goal [-] setting strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interpreted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 differences
2 differences 3 are
3 are 4 interpreted
4 interpreted 5 in
4 interpreted 11 in
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 10 changes
8 qualitative 10 changes
9 developmental 10 changes
11 in 16 strategies
12 reactive 13 goal
13 goal 16 strategies
15 setting 16 strategies

aim : to identify lifestyle factors associated with healthy aging in middle [-] aged and older australian men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 5 lifestyle
5 lifestyle 6 factors
5 lifestyle 7 associated
6 factors 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 aging
8 with 11 in
9 healthy 10 aging
11 in 18 men
12 middle 18 men
14 aged 15 and
15 and 16 older
15 and 17 australian
17 australian 18 men

methods : a cross - sectional , population - based , computer - assisted telephone interview study explored self - reported health outcomes , and associated determinants for general and reproductive health ( the men in australia telephone survey ) in men aged 40 years and older ( n = 5990 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
2 : 4 cross
2 : 11 ,
3 a 4 cross
4 cross 8 population
4 cross 10 based
5 - 8 population
6 sectional 7 ,
6 sectional 8 population
8 population 9 -
9 - 10 based
10 based 11 ,
11 , 12 computer
11 , 13 -
13 - 19 self
13 - 21 reported
13 - 25 and
14 assisted 19 self
15 telephone 16 interview
16 interview 18 explored
17 study 18 explored
18 explored 19 self
20 - 21 reported
21 reported 23 outcomes
22 health 23 outcomes
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 determinants
25 and 43 aged
26 associated 27 determinants
27 determinants 28 for
27 determinants 41 in
27 determinants 43 aged
28 for 32 health
29 general 30 and
30 and 31 reproductive
30 and 32 health
32 health 39 survey
33 ( 39 survey
34 the 39 survey
35 men 36 in
35 men 38 telephone
36 in 37 australia
38 telephone 39 survey
39 survey 40 )
41 in 42 men
43 aged 46 and
44 40 45 years
45 years 46 and
46 and 47 older
47 older 50 =
48 ( 50 =
49 n 50 =
50 = 51 5990
50 = 52 )

" good health " was defined by [self] - reported health ( excellent/very [good] ) combined with absence [of] self [-] reported high blood pressure , heart disease , stroke , diabetes and depression symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 "
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 good
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 good 3 health
2 good 7 by
2 good 16 combined
3 health 4 "
3 health 5 was
5 was 6 defined
6 defined 7 by
9 - 10 reported
10 reported 11 health
10 reported 16 combined
11 health 13 excellent/very
12 ( 13 excellent/very
13 excellent/very 15 )
16 combined 17 with
16 combined 35 symptoms
17 with 33 and
18 absence 20 self
20 self 25 pressure
22 reported 25 pressure
23 high 25 pressure
24 blood 25 pressure
25 pressure 26 ,
26 , 28 disease
26 , 29 ,
27 heart 28 disease
29 , 30 stroke
29 , 31 ,
31 , 32 diabetes
31 , 33 and
33 and 34 depression

categories of sexual activity frequency in the previous four weeks ranged from zero to 12+ times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 categories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 categories 2 of
1 categories 11 ranged
2 of 5 frequency
3 sexual 4 activity
4 activity 5 frequency
5 frequency 6 in
6 in 10 weeks
7 the 10 weeks
8 previous 10 weeks
9 four 10 weeks
11 ranged 12 from
11 ranged 14 to
12 from 13 zero
14 to 16 times
15 12+ 16 times

results : " good health " declined with increasing age with 17 % of men over 70 years reporting " good health " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 "
2 : 5 health
4 good 5 health
5 health 6 "
5 health 7 declined
5 health 8 with
5 health 14 of
8 with 9 increasing
9 increasing 10 age
9 increasing 11 with
11 with 13 %
12 17 13 %
14 of 15 men
15 men 16 over
15 men 19 reporting
16 over 18 years
17 70 18 years
19 reporting 20 "
19 reporting 22 health
21 good 22 health
22 health 23 "

in multivariable logistic regression models , significant inverse associations were found between modifiable lifestyle factors - both underweight and overweight/obesity , physical inactivity , smoking and high alcohol consumption - and " good health " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
1 in 5 models
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 associations
2 multivariable 5 models
3 logistic 5 models
4 regression 5 models
7 significant 8 inverse
8 inverse 9 associations
9 associations 10 were
10 were 11 found
11 found 12 between
12 between 15 factors
13 modifiable 14 lifestyle
14 lifestyle 15 factors
15 factors 19 and
15 factors 26 and
16 - 19 and
17 both 19 and
18 underweight 19 and
19 and 20 overweight/obesity
19 and 21 ,
21 , 26 and
22 physical 23 inactivity
23 inactivity 24 ,
24 , 25 smoking
24 , 26 and
26 and 34 health
26 and 36 .
27 high 29 consumption
28 alcohol 29 consumption
29 consumption 31 and
30 - 31 and
31 and 32 "
31 and 33 good
31 and 34 health
34 health 35 "

low - risk alcohol intake and living with a partner were positively associated with " good health " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 low 2 -
1 low 6 and
3 risk 5 intake
4 alcohol 5 intake
5 intake 6 and
6 and 7 living
6 and 8 with
6 and 11 were
8 with 10 partner
9 a 10 partner
11 were 13 associated
12 positively 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 "
14 with 17 health
16 good 17 health
17 health 18 "

sexual activity [was] also positively associated with " good health " ( p < 0.001 ) with elevated odds ratios ( ors ) for each category of frequency of sexual activity ( 1 - 4 , 5 - 8 , 9 - 12 or 12+ times in the past 4 weeks ) relative to zero frequency ( ors 1.68 to 2.16 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 sexual 2 activity
2 activity 6 associated
2 activity 44 or
4 also 6 associated
5 positively 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 14 <
6 associated 17 with
6 associated 34 -
6 associated 38 -
6 associated 42 -
7 with 8 "
7 with 10 health
9 good 10 health
10 health 11 "
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.001
14 < 16 )
17 with 20 ratios
17 with 24 for
18 elevated 19 odds
19 odds 20 ratios
20 ratios 22 ors
21 ( 22 ors
22 ors 23 )
24 for 26 category
25 each 26 category
26 category 27 of
26 category 29 of
27 of 28 frequency
29 of 31 activity
30 sexual 31 activity
32 ( 34 -
33 1 34 -
34 - 35 4
34 - 36 ,
36 , 38 -
37 5 38 -
38 - 39 8
38 - 40 ,
41 9 42 -
42 - 43 12
44 or 46 times
44 or 52 )
44 or 53 relative
44 or 58 ors
45 12+ 46 times
46 times 47 in
47 in 51 weeks
48 the 49 past
48 the 50 4
50 4 51 weeks
53 relative 54 to
54 to 56 frequency
55 zero 56 frequency
57 ( 58 ors
58 ors 59 1.68
58 ors 60 to
58 ors 62 )
60 to 61 2.16

conclusion : this study suggests that sexual activity is an important [correlate] of retaining good health [in] [middle] - and older - aged men , independent of other behavioral determinants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 31 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 8 activity
6 that 9 is
7 sexual 8 activity
8 activity 9 is
9 is 26 independent
10 an 26 independent
11 important 13 of
11 important 20 and
13 of 14 retaining
14 retaining 16 health
15 good 16 health
19 - 20 and
20 and 24 men
20 and 25 ,
20 and 26 independent
21 older 22 -
21 older 24 men
23 aged 24 men
26 independent 27 of
27 of 30 determinants
28 other 30 determinants
29 behavioral 30 determinants

methods : we enrolled 50 cases of npc and 20 cases of nasopharyngitis ( npi ) specimens to test the expressions of [γ] - h2ax and ebv latent membrane protein 1 ( lmp1 ) by immunohistochemical method ( ihc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 enrolled
3 we 4 enrolled
4 enrolled 17 specimens
4 enrolled 35 by
5 50 17 specimens
6 cases 7 of
6 cases 9 and
7 of 8 npc
9 and 11 cases
9 and 12 of
9 and 15 npi
9 and 17 specimens
10 20 11 cases
12 of 13 nasopharyngitis
14 ( 15 npi
15 npi 16 )
17 specimens 18 to
17 specimens 22 of
17 specimens 26 and
18 to 19 test
19 test 21 expressions
20 the 21 expressions
21 expressions 22 of
24 - 26 and
25 h2ax 26 and
26 and 30 protein
26 and 33 lmp1
26 and 34 )
27 ebv 30 protein
28 latent 30 protein
29 membrane 30 protein
30 protein 31 1
32 ( 33 lmp1
33 lmp1 34 )
35 by 37 method
36 immunohistochemical 37 method
37 method 39 ihc
38 ( 39 ihc
39 ihc 40 )

and then in lmp1 - negative samples , we detected the ebv - encoded rna ( eber ) using in situ hybridization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 and 2 then
1 and 9 we
1 and 10 detected
3 in 4 lmp1
3 in 8 ,
3 in 9 we
4 lmp1 7 samples
5 - 7 samples
6 negative 7 samples
7 samples 8 ,
9 we 10 detected
10 detected 12 ebv
10 detected 19 using
11 the 12 ebv
12 ebv 17 eber
13 - 17 eber
14 encoded 17 eber
15 rna 17 eber
16 ( 17 eber
17 eber 18 )
19 using 21 situ
19 using 22 hybridization
20 in 21 situ

[the] [γ] - h2ax level was detected in npc cells cne1 before and after ebv infection using western blotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
3 - 4 h2ax
4 h2ax 5 level
4 h2ax 6 was
4 h2ax 7 detected
5 level 6 was
7 detected 8 in
7 detected 11 cne1
8 in 10 cells
9 npc 10 cells
11 cne1 13 and
12 before 13 and
13 and 14 after
14 after 16 infection
15 ebv 16 infection
16 infection 17 using
17 using 19 blotting
18 western 19 blotting

results : [γ] - h2ax was expressed in most npc specimens ( 94 % ) , which was much higher than that in npi ( 40 % ) , and ebv was presented in 94 % of npc but only 30 % in npi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 4 -
2 : 7 expressed
2 : 16 ,
4 - 5 h2ax
5 h2ax 6 was
6 was 7 expressed
7 expressed 8 in
8 in 11 specimens
9 most 11 specimens
10 npc 11 specimens
11 specimens 14 %
12 ( 14 %
13 94 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 was
16 , 30 and
17 which 18 was
18 was 19 much
19 much 20 higher
19 much 23 in
19 much 27 %
20 higher 21 than
21 than 22 that
23 in 24 npi
25 ( 27 %
26 40 27 %
27 % 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 ebv
30 and 33 presented
31 ebv 32 was
32 was 33 presented
33 presented 34 in
33 presented 39 but
33 presented 43 in
34 in 36 %
35 94 36 %
36 % 37 of
37 of 38 npc
39 but 42 %
40 only 41 30
41 30 42 %
43 in 44 npi

moreover , [γ] [-] h2ax was positive in 97.9 % of the ebv - positive specimens , which indicated the close correlation between [γ] [-] h2ax expression and ebv infection ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 h2ax
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 h2ax
5 h2ax 6 was
6 was 7 positive
7 positive 8 in
8 in 10 %
9 97.9 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 16 specimens
11 of 13 ebv
12 the 13 ebv
14 - 16 specimens
15 positive 16 specimens
16 specimens 17 ,
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 indicated
18 which 19 indicated
19 indicated 22 correlation
19 indicated 23 between
20 the 22 correlation
21 close 22 correlation
23 between 28 and
26 h2ax 27 expression
27 expression 28 and
28 and 30 infection
28 and 32 p<0.05
29 ebv 30 infection
31 ( 32 p<0.05
32 p<0.05 33 )

finally , western blotting showed that [γ] - h2ax level significantly increased in cne1 cells after ebv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 blotting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 blotting
3 western 4 blotting
4 blotting 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
8 - 10 level
8 - 12 increased
8 - 19 .
9 h2ax 10 level
10 level 12 increased
11 significantly 12 increased
12 increased 13 in
12 increased 16 after
13 in 15 cells
14 cne1 15 cells
16 after 18 infection
17 ebv 18 infection

conclusion : this study demonstrated that an intimate connection existed between [γ] [-] h2ax expression and ebv infection in [npc] both in vivo and in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 demonstrated
2 : 27 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 that
6 that 9 connection
6 that 10 existed
7 an 8 intimate
7 an 9 connection
8 intimate 9 connection
9 connection 10 existed
10 existed 11 between
10 existed 19 in
10 existed 24 and
11 between 16 and
14 h2ax 15 expression
15 expression 16 and
16 and 18 infection
17 ebv 18 infection
19 in 21 both
22 in 23 vivo
23 vivo 24 and
24 and 26 vitro
25 in 26 vitro

ebv infection might induce dna damage in cne1 cells , which causes genome instability and initiates or promotes the tumorigenesis and development of npc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 ebv 2 infection
2 infection 3 might
3 might 4 induce
4 induce 6 damage
5 dna 6 damage
6 damage 7 in
7 in 9 cells
8 cne1 9 cells
10 , 11 which
10 , 15 and
11 which 15 and
12 causes 14 instability
12 causes 15 and
13 genome 14 instability
15 and 17 or
16 initiates 17 or
17 or 18 promotes
18 promotes 21 and
19 the 21 and
20 tumorigenesis 21 and
21 and 22 development
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 npc

studies [of] face recognition in older adults ( 60 years of age and older ) report increases in false alarms over younger adults ( usually 18 - 30 years of age ) , but no age differences in hits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 studies 3 face
3 face 4 recognition
3 face 5 in
3 face 34 but
5 in 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 13 and
8 ( 13 and
9 60 10 years
10 years 11 of
10 years 13 and
11 of 12 age
13 and 17 increases
13 and 18 in
13 and 21 over
13 and 26 18
13 and 33 ,
14 older 15 )
14 older 16 report
16 report 17 increases
18 in 20 alarms
19 false 20 alarms
21 over 23 adults
22 younger 23 adults
24 ( 25 usually
24 ( 26 18
26 18 29 years
26 18 33 ,
27 - 29 years
28 30 29 years
29 years 30 of
29 years 32 )
30 of 31 age
34 but 37 differences
35 no 37 differences
36 age 37 differences
37 differences 38 in
38 in 39 hits

to examine this phenomenon , we compared older and younger adults in categorical perception of faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 examine
2 examine 4 phenomenon
3 this 4 phenomenon
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 compared
6 we 7 compared
7 compared 11 adults
7 compared 12 in
8 older 9 and
9 and 10 younger
9 and 11 adults
12 in 14 perception
13 categorical 14 perception
14 perception 15 of
15 of 16 faces

we hypothesized that face representations in older adults would be broadly tuned , resulting in overlapping representations , manifested by a shallower slope in identity categorization than in younger adults , and age - related reductions in the advantage [for] [between] - categories , as compared [with] [within] - category , face discrimination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 4 face
2 hypothesized 14 resulting
3 that 4 face
4 face 5 representations
4 face 10 be
4 face 12 tuned
5 representations 6 in
5 representations 9 would
6 in 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
9 would 10 be
11 broadly 12 tuned
13 , 14 resulting
14 resulting 15 in
14 resulting 19 manifested
15 in 17 representations
16 overlapping 17 representations
18 , 19 manifested
19 manifested 20 by
19 manifested 24 in
19 manifested 27 than
20 by 23 slope
21 a 23 slope
22 shallower 23 slope
24 in 26 categorization
25 identity 26 categorization
27 than 28 in
28 in 36 reductions
29 younger 30 adults
30 adults 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 age
32 and 34 -
32 and 35 related
32 and 36 reductions
36 reductions 37 in
36 reductions 43 categories
37 in 39 advantage
38 the 39 advantage
42 - 43 categories
43 categories 44 ,
44 , 46 compared
45 as 46 compared
46 compared 49 -
46 compared 50 category
46 compared 54 .
50 category 53 discrimination
51 , 53 discrimination
52 face 53 discrimination
53 discrimination 54 .

we morphed faces to change linearly from one identity to another . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 morphed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 morphed
2 morphed 3 faces
2 morphed 4 to
4 to 5 change
5 change 6 linearly
5 change 7 from
5 change 10 to
7 from 9 identity
8 one 9 identity
10 to 11 another

we used familiar or unfamiliar faces in separate conditions to examine the role of familiarity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 6 faces
2 used 7 in
2 used 10 to
2 used 11 examine
3 familiar 4 or
4 or 5 unfamiliar
4 or 6 faces
7 in 9 conditions
8 separate 9 conditions
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 13 role
12 the 13 role
13 role 14 of
14 of 15 familiarity

categorical perception was assessed in an identity [-] classification task and a discrimination task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 perception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 categorical 2 perception
2 perception 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 in
5 in 11 and
6 an 10 task
7 identity 10 task
9 classification 10 task
10 task 11 and
11 and 14 task
12 a 13 discrimination
12 a 14 task
13 discrimination 14 task

older adults showed a shallower slope and poorer discrimination compared with younger adults , and both groups exhibited better performance with familiar than unfamiliar faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 15 and
3 showed 7 and
3 showed 10 compared
3 showed 15 and
4 a 6 slope
5 shallower 6 slope
6 slope 7 and
7 and 9 discrimination
7 and 10 compared
8 poorer 9 discrimination
10 compared 11 with
11 with 13 adults
12 younger 13 adults
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 groups
15 and 21 with
16 both 17 groups
17 groups 20 performance
18 exhibited 20 performance
19 better 20 performance
21 with 25 faces
22 familiar 25 faces
23 than 24 unfamiliar
24 unfamiliar 25 faces

enhanced discriminability for [between] [-] categories [as] compared [with] within [-] category faces was seen for both familiar and unfamiliar faces in younger adults , but only for familiar faces in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discriminability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 enhanced 2 discriminability
2 discriminability 3 for
2 discriminability 8 compared
2 discriminability 14 was
3 for 6 categories
8 compared 10 within
10 within 13 faces
12 category 13 faces
14 was 15 seen
15 seen 16 for
16 for 21 faces
17 both 21 faces
18 familiar 19 and
19 and 20 unfamiliar
19 and 21 faces
21 faces 26 but
21 faces 31 in
22 in 24 adults
22 in 26 but
23 younger 24 adults
25 , 26 but
26 but 27 only
26 but 28 for
28 for 30 faces
29 familiar 30 faces
31 in 33 adults
32 older 33 adults

the more broadly tuned representations of unfamiliar faces in older adults may lead to misidentification and greater false alarms for unfamiliar faces , but not for familiar faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 representations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 5 representations
2 more 3 broadly
3 broadly 4 tuned
4 tuned 5 representations
5 representations 6 of
5 representations 12 may
6 of 8 faces
7 unfamiliar 8 faces
8 faces 9 in
9 in 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
12 may 13 lead
13 lead 14 to
14 to 16 and
15 misidentification 16 and
16 and 19 alarms
16 and 24 but
17 greater 19 alarms
18 false 19 alarms
20 for 22 faces
20 for 24 but
21 unfamiliar 22 faces
23 , 24 but
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 for
26 for 28 faces
27 familiar 28 faces

background : human aging is associated with dna methylation changes at specific sites in the genome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 human
2 : 10 changes
3 human 4 aging
3 human 5 is
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 dna
8 dna 9 methylation
8 dna 10 changes
9 methylation 10 changes
10 changes 11 at
11 at 13 sites
12 specific 13 sites
13 sites 14 in
14 in 16 genome
15 the 16 genome

these epigenetic modifications may be used to track donor age for forensic analysis or to estimate biological age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 3 modifications
2 epigenetic 3 modifications
3 modifications 14 or
4 may 5 be
4 may 14 or
5 be 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 track
7 to 8 track
8 track 10 age
9 donor 10 age
10 age 11 for
11 for 13 analysis
12 forensic 13 analysis
14 or 15 to
14 or 16 estimate
15 to 16 estimate
16 estimate 18 age
17 biological 18 age

results : we perform a comprehensive analysis of methylation profiles to narrow down 102 age - related cpg sites in blood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 perform
2 : 17 related
2 : 22 .
3 we 4 perform
4 perform 7 analysis
4 perform 11 to
5 a 7 analysis
6 comprehensive 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
8 of 10 profiles
9 methylation 10 profiles
11 to 12 narrow
12 narrow 13 down
13 down 15 age
14 102 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 sites
17 related 20 in
18 cpg 19 sites
20 in 21 blood

we demonstrate that most of these age - associated methylation changes are reversed in induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 we 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 that
3 that 4 most
3 that 7 age
4 most 5 of
4 most 7 age
5 of 6 these
8 - 11 changes
8 - 13 reversed
8 - 22 .
9 associated 10 methylation
10 methylation 11 changes
11 changes 12 are
12 are 13 reversed
13 reversed 14 in
14 in 18 cells
15 induced 16 pluripotent
16 pluripotent 18 cells
17 stem 18 cells
18 cells 20 ipscs
19 ( 20 ipscs
20 ipscs 21 )

methylation levels at three age - related cpgs -- located in the genes itga2b , aspa and pde4c -- were subsequently analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing of 151 blood samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methylation 2 levels
2 levels 3 at
3 at 5 age
4 three 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 cpgs
7 related 10 located
7 related 15 ,
9 -- 10 located
10 located 11 in
10 located 15 ,
11 in 14 itga2b
12 the 13 genes
13 genes 14 itga2b
15 , 17 and
15 , 22 analyzed
16 aspa 17 and
17 and 18 pde4c
17 and 19 --
17 and 20 were
20 were 21 subsequently
20 were 22 analyzed
22 analyzed 23 by
23 by 24 bisulfite
24 bisulfite 25 pyrosequencing
24 bisulfite 29 samples
25 pyrosequencing 26 of
25 pyrosequencing 29 samples
26 of 28 blood
27 151 28 blood

this epigenetic aging signature facilitates age predictions with a mean absolute deviation from chronological age of less than 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 signature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 facilitates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 4 signature
2 epigenetic 4 signature
3 aging 4 signature
4 signature 5 facilitates
5 facilitates 7 predictions
5 facilitates 8 with
6 age 7 predictions
8 with 12 deviation
9 a 10 mean
9 a 12 deviation
10 mean 12 deviation
11 absolute 12 deviation
12 deviation 13 from
12 deviation 16 of
13 from 15 age
14 chronological 15 age
16 of 20 years
17 less 18 than
18 than 19 5
19 5 20 years

this precision is higher than age predictions based on telomere length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 precision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 precision
2 precision 3 is
3 is 4 higher
4 higher 5 than
5 than 7 predictions
6 age 7 predictions
7 predictions 8 based
8 based 9 on
9 on 11 length
10 telomere 11 length

variation of age predictions correlates [moderately] with clinical and lifestyle parameters supporting the notion that age - associated methylation changes are associated more with biological age than with chronological age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 variation 2 of
1 variation 5 correlates
2 of 4 predictions
3 age 4 predictions
5 correlates 7 with
7 with 9 and
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 11 parameters
9 and 12 supporting
9 and 15 that
9 and 16 age
10 lifestyle 11 parameters
12 supporting 14 notion
13 the 14 notion
15 that 16 age
17 - 20 changes
17 - 22 associated
17 - 31 .
18 associated 19 methylation
19 methylation 20 changes
20 changes 21 are
21 are 22 associated
22 associated 23 more
22 associated 24 with
22 associated 27 than
24 with 26 age
25 biological 26 age
27 than 28 with
28 with 30 age
29 chronological 30 age

furthermore , patients with acquired aplastic anemia or dyskeratosis congenita -- two diseases associated with progressive bone marrow failure and severe telomere attrition -- are predicted to be prematurely aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 congenita
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 8 or
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 8 or
4 with 7 anemia
5 acquired 7 anemia
6 aplastic 7 anemia
8 or 9 dyskeratosis
8 or 10 congenita
11 -- 26 predicted
12 two 13 diseases
13 diseases 14 associated
13 diseases 26 predicted
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 marrow
16 progressive 17 bone
17 bone 18 marrow
18 marrow 20 and
18 marrow 25 are
19 failure 20 and
20 and 23 attrition
20 and 24 --
20 and 25 are
21 severe 22 telomere
22 telomere 23 attrition
26 predicted 27 to
27 to 28 be
28 be 30 aged
29 prematurely 30 aged

conclusions : our epigenetic aging signature provides a simple biomarker to estimate the state of aging in blood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 6 signature
2 : 7 provides
3 our 6 signature
4 epigenetic 6 signature
5 aging 6 signature
6 signature 7 provides
7 provides 10 biomarker
7 provides 11 to
8 a 9 simple
8 a 10 biomarker
9 simple 10 biomarker
11 to 12 estimate
12 estimate 14 state
13 the 14 state
14 state 15 of
15 of 16 aging
16 aging 17 in
17 in 18 blood

age - associated dna methylation changes are counteracted in ipscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 counteracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 6 changes
3 associated 6 changes
4 dna 6 changes
5 methylation 6 changes
6 changes 7 are
7 are 8 counteracted
8 counteracted 9 in
9 in 10 ipscs

on the other hand , [over] - estimation of chronological age in bone marrow failure syndromes is indicative for exhaustion of the hematopoietic cell pool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 on 3 other
1 on 4 hand
2 the 3 other
5 , 7 -
5 , 17 is
7 - 8 estimation
8 estimation 9 of
8 estimation 17 is
9 of 11 age
10 chronological 11 age
11 age 12 in
12 in 16 syndromes
13 bone 16 syndromes
14 marrow 16 syndromes
15 failure 16 syndromes
17 is 18 indicative
18 indicative 19 for
19 for 20 exhaustion
20 exhaustion 21 of
21 of 25 pool
22 the 25 pool
23 hematopoietic 24 cell
24 cell 25 pool

thus , epigenetic changes upon aging seem to reflect biological aging of blood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 changes
3 epigenetic 4 changes
4 changes 5 upon
4 changes 7 seem
5 upon 6 aging
7 seem 8 to
7 seem 9 reflect
8 to 9 reflect
9 reflect 11 aging
10 biological 11 aging
11 aging 12 of
12 of 13 blood

muscle loss and wasting [occurs] with aging and in multiple disease states including cancer , heart failure , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , end - stage liver disease , end - stage renal disease and hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 end
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 muscle 2 loss
2 loss 3 and
3 and 4 wasting
3 and 8 and
3 and 24 end
6 with 7 aging
6 with 8 and
8 and 9 in
9 in 12 states
10 multiple 11 disease
11 disease 12 states
12 states 13 including
12 states 17 failure
12 states 22 disease
13 including 14 cancer
15 , 17 failure
16 heart 17 failure
17 failure 18 ,
18 , 22 disease
19 chronic 22 disease
20 obstructive 22 disease
21 pulmonary 22 disease
22 disease 23 ,
25 - 28 disease
25 - 29 ,
26 stage 27 liver
27 liver 28 disease
29 , 30 end
29 , 31 -
31 - 35 and
32 stage 34 disease
33 renal 34 disease
34 disease 35 and
35 and 36 hiv

cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome that is associated with anorexia , weight loss and increased catabolism , with increased morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cachexia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cachexia 2 is
2 is 3 defined
3 defined 4 as
3 defined 20 with
4 as 7 syndrome
5 a 6 multifactorial
5 a 7 syndrome
6 multifactorial 7 syndrome
7 syndrome 10 associated
7 syndrome 16 and
8 that 9 is
9 is 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 anorexia
13 , 16 and
14 weight 15 loss
15 loss 16 and
16 and 18 catabolism
16 and 19 ,
17 increased 18 catabolism
20 with 23 and
21 increased 22 morbidity
22 morbidity 23 and
23 and 24 mortality

currently no therapy is approved for the treatment or prevention of cachexia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 approved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 currently 3 therapy
2 no 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 is
4 is 5 approved
5 approved 6 for
6 for 9 or
7 the 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 or
9 or 10 prevention
9 or 11 of
11 of 12 cachexia

different treatment options have been suggested but many have proven to be ineffective or associated with adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 different 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 options
3 options 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 suggested
7 but 8 many
7 but 10 proven
8 many 9 have
9 have 10 proven
10 proven 11 to
10 proven 14 or
11 to 14 or
12 be 13 ineffective
12 be 14 or
14 or 15 associated
14 or 16 with
16 with 18 events
17 adverse 18 events

nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators ( sarms ) are a new class of anabolic agents that bind the androgen receptor and exhibit tissue selectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 modulators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nonsteroidal 5 modulators
2 selective 3 androgen
3 androgen 5 modulators
4 receptor 5 modulators
5 modulators 7 sarms
5 modulators 9 are
6 ( 7 sarms
7 sarms 8 )
9 are 21 and
10 a 11 new
10 a 12 class
11 new 12 class
12 class 13 of
12 class 21 and
13 of 15 agents
14 anabolic 15 agents
15 agents 16 that
15 agents 17 bind
16 that 17 bind
17 bind 20 receptor
18 the 20 receptor
19 androgen 20 receptor
21 and 24 selectivity
22 exhibit 24 selectivity
23 tissue 24 selectivity

enobosarm ( gtx - 024 , s - 22 ) is a recently developed sarm , developed by gtx , inc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enobosarm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 enobosarm 3 gtx
1 enobosarm 5 024
1 enobosarm 8 -
1 enobosarm 16 ,
2 ( 3 gtx
3 gtx 4 -
4 - 5 024
5 024 6 ,
6 , 8 -
7 s 8 -
8 - 9 22
8 - 10 )
11 is 15 sarm
11 is 16 ,
12 a 15 sarm
13 recently 14 developed
14 developed 15 sarm
16 , 17 developed
16 , 18 by
18 by 21 inc
19 gtx 21 inc
20 , 21 inc

( tn , usa [ )(, which has been tested in phase i , [ii] and [iii] trials with promising results in terms of improving lean body mass [and] measurements of physical function [and] power . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 lean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 ( 2 tn
2 tn 3 ,
2 tn 16 and
4 usa 7 which
4 usa 16 and
6 )(, 7 which
7 which 8 has
7 which 14 ,
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 tested
10 tested 11 in
11 in 12 phase
12 phase 13 i
14 , 16 and
16 and 18 trials
16 and 19 with
16 and 22 in
16 and 24 of
16 and 26 lean
19 with 20 promising
20 promising 21 results
22 in 23 terms
24 of 25 improving
26 lean 30 measurements
27 body 28 mass
28 mass 30 measurements
30 measurements 31 of
31 of 35 power
32 physical 35 power
33 function 35 power

enobosarm has received fast track designation by the us fda and results from the phase iii trials power1 and power2 will help determine approval for use in the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting in patients with [non] [-] small - cell lung cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 enobosarm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 enobosarm 2 has
2 has 6 designation
3 received 6 designation
4 fast 5 track
5 track 6 designation
6 designation 7 by
7 by 10 fda
8 the 10 fda
9 us 10 fda
11 and 19 and
11 and 22 help
12 results 13 from
12 results 19 and
13 from 18 power1
14 the 17 trials
15 phase 16 iii
15 phase 17 trials
17 trials 18 power1
19 and 20 power2
19 and 21 will
21 will 22 help
22 help 23 determine
23 determine 24 approval
23 determine 25 for
23 determine 27 in
23 determine 37 with
25 for 26 use
27 in 30 and
28 the 29 prevention
29 prevention 30 and
30 and 31 treatment
30 and 32 of
32 of 34 wasting
33 muscle 34 wasting
34 wasting 35 in
35 in 36 patients
37 with 44 cancer
40 small 41 -
40 small 44 cancer
42 cell 43 lung
43 lung 44 cancer

this article provides an introduction to enobosarm as a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of cachexia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 provides
3 provides 5 introduction
3 provides 6 to
3 provides 8 as
4 an 5 introduction
6 to 7 enobosarm
8 as 12 strategy
9 a 10 new
9 a 12 strategy
10 new 12 strategy
11 therapeutic 12 strategy
12 strategy 13 for
12 strategy 18 of
13 for 16 and
14 the 15 prevention
15 prevention 16 and
16 and 17 treatment
18 of 19 cachexia

a review of the literature was performed using search terms ' cachexia ['] , ['] sarcopenia ['] , ['] sarm ['] , ['] enobosarm ['] and ['] gtx - [024] ['] in september 2013 using multiple databases as well as online resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performed
1 a 2 review
2 review 3 of
2 review 6 was
3 of 5 literature
4 the 5 literature
6 was 7 performed
7 performed 8 using
8 using 20 sarm
9 search 10 terms
10 terms 11 '
11 ' 20 sarm
12 cachexia 14 ,
12 cachexia 20 sarm
16 sarcopenia 18 ,
16 sarcopenia 20 sarm
20 sarm 26 and
20 sarm 32 in
22 , 26 and
24 enobosarm 26 and
26 and 28 gtx
26 and 29 -
29 - 32 in
32 in 37 databases
32 in 43 .
33 september 36 multiple
34 2013 36 multiple
35 using 36 multiple
36 multiple 37 databases
37 databases 40 as
38 as 39 well
39 well 40 as
40 as 42 resources
41 online 42 resources

none none none background : despite widespread use of multivitamin supplements , their effect on cognitive health - a critical issue with aging - remains inconclusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 none 4 background
1 none 5 :
1 none 25 remains
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 background
4 background 5 :
5 : 6 despite
6 despite 8 use
7 widespread 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 11 supplements
10 multivitamin 11 supplements
11 supplements 14 effect
11 supplements 21 issue
12 , 14 effect
13 their 14 effect
14 effect 15 on
14 effect 18 -
15 on 17 health
16 cognitive 17 health
18 - 21 issue
19 a 21 issue
20 critical 21 issue
21 issue 22 with
21 issue 24 -
22 with 23 aging
25 remains 26 inconclusive

to date , no long - term clinical trials have studied multivitamin use and cognitive decline in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 7 term
3 , 11 studied
4 no 7 term
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
7 term 9 trials
7 term 10 have
7 term 11 studied
8 clinical 9 trials
9 trials 10 have
11 studied 14 and
11 studied 17 in
12 multivitamin 13 use
13 use 14 and
14 and 16 decline
15 cognitive 16 decline
17 in 19 persons
18 older 19 persons

objective : to evaluate whether long - term multivitamin supplementation affects cognitive health in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 17 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 whether
5 whether 10 supplementation
5 whether 11 affects
6 long 7 -
6 long 8 term
8 term 10 supplementation
9 multivitamin 10 supplementation
10 supplementation 11 affects
11 affects 13 health
11 affects 14 in
12 cognitive 13 health
14 in 16 life
15 later 16 life

design : randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled trial [of] [a] multivitamin from 1997 to 1 june 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 randomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 randomized
4 , 9 placebo
4 , 10 -
5 double 6 -
5 double 9 placebo
7 blind 8 ,
7 blind 9 placebo
10 - 15 multivitamin
11 controlled 15 multivitamin
12 trial 15 multivitamin
15 multivitamin 16 from
16 from 20 june
17 1997 18 to
18 to 19 1
18 to 20 june
20 june 21 2011

the cognitive function substudy began in 1998 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 substudy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 began
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 4 substudy
2 cognitive 3 function
3 function 4 substudy
4 substudy 5 began
5 began 6 in
6 in 7 1998

up to 4 repeated cognitive assessments by telephone interview were completed over 12 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 up 2 to
2 to 3 4
3 4 4 repeated
3 4 6 assessments
3 4 9 interview
3 4 10 were
5 cognitive 6 assessments
6 assessments 9 interview
7 by 8 telephone
8 telephone 9 interview
10 were 11 completed
11 completed 12 over
12 over 14 years
13 12 14 years

[(] clinicaltrials.gov : nct00270647 ) setting : the physicians ' health study ii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 clinicaltrials.gov
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 6 setting
3 : 7 :
3 : 14 .
4 nct00270647 5 )
4 nct00270647 6 setting
6 setting 7 :
7 : 12 study
8 the 9 physicians
9 physicians 10 '
10 ' 12 study
11 health 12 study
12 study 13 ii

patients : 5947 male physicians aged 65 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 patients 2 :
2 : 5 physicians
3 5947 5 physicians
4 male 5 physicians
5 physicians 6 aged
6 aged 9 or
7 65 8 years
8 years 9 or
9 or 10 older

intervention : daily multivitamin or placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 or
2 : 7 .
3 daily 4 multivitamin
4 multivitamin 5 or
5 or 6 placebo

measurements : a global composite score averaging 5 tests of global cognition , verbal memory , and category fluency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 17 and
3 a 4 global
3 a 6 score
4 global 6 score
5 composite 6 score
6 score 7 averaging
6 score 10 of
6 score 13 ,
7 averaging 9 tests
8 5 9 tests
10 of 12 cognition
11 global 12 cognition
13 , 15 memory
13 , 17 and
14 verbal 15 memory
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 fluency
18 category 19 fluency

the secondary end point was a verbal memory score combining 4 tests of verbal memory , which is a strong predictor of alzheimer disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 point
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 point
2 secondary 3 end
3 end 4 point
4 point 5 was
5 was 9 score
6 a 7 verbal
6 a 9 score
7 verbal 8 memory
8 memory 9 score
9 score 10 combining
9 score 13 of
10 combining 12 tests
11 4 12 tests
13 of 15 memory
14 verbal 15 memory
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 is
17 which 18 is
18 is 21 predictor
19 a 20 strong
19 a 21 predictor
20 strong 21 predictor
21 predictor 22 of
22 of 24 disease
23 alzheimer 24 disease

results : no difference was found in mean cognitive change over time between the multivitamin and placebo groups or in the mean level of cognition at any of the 4 assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 difference
2 : 6 found
2 : 32 .
3 no 4 difference
4 difference 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 in
6 found 11 over
6 found 26 at
7 in 10 change
8 mean 10 change
9 cognitive 10 change
11 over 12 time
12 time 19 or
13 between 16 and
13 between 19 or
14 the 15 multivitamin
15 multivitamin 16 and
16 and 18 groups
17 placebo 18 groups
19 or 20 in
20 in 23 level
21 the 23 level
22 mean 23 level
23 level 24 of
24 of 25 cognition
26 at 27 any
27 any 28 of
28 of 31 assessments
29 the 30 4
30 4 31 assessments

specifically , for the global composite score , the mean difference in cognitive change over [follow] - up was - 0.01 su ( 95 % ci , - 0.04 to 0.02 su ) when treatment was compared [with] [placebo] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 specifically 11 difference
2 , 3 for
3 for 7 score
3 for 8 ,
3 for 11 difference
4 the 7 score
5 global 7 score
6 composite 7 score
9 the 11 difference
10 mean 11 difference
11 difference 12 in
11 difference 15 over
11 difference 19 was
12 in 14 change
13 cognitive 14 change
15 over 18 up
17 - 18 up
19 was 22 su
19 was 34 when
20 - 21 0.01
21 0.01 22 su
22 su 26 ci
22 su 32 su
23 ( 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 ,
28 - 32 su
29 0.04 30 to
30 to 31 0.02
30 to 32 su
32 su 33 )
34 when 35 treatment
34 when 37 compared
35 treatment 36 was
36 was 37 compared

similarly , cognitive performance did not differ between the multivitamin and placebo groups on the secondary outcome , verbal memory ( mean [difference] in cognitive change over [follow] - up , - 0.005 su [ ci , - 0.04 to 0.03 su ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 4 performance
3 cognitive 4 performance
4 performance 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 differ
7 differ 8 between
7 differ 14 on
8 between 11 and
9 the 10 multivitamin
10 multivitamin 11 and
11 and 13 groups
12 placebo 13 groups
14 on 17 outcome
15 the 17 outcome
16 secondary 17 outcome
17 outcome 20 memory
18 , 20 memory
19 verbal 20 memory
20 memory 22 mean
20 memory 34 su
20 memory 44 )
21 ( 22 mean
22 mean 24 in
22 mean 27 over
22 mean 31 ,
24 in 26 change
25 cognitive 26 change
27 over 30 up
29 - 30 up
32 - 34 su
33 0.005 34 su
34 su 36 ci
34 su 44 )
35 [ 36 ci
36 ci 42 su
36 ci 44 )
37 , 42 su
38 - 40 to
39 0.04 40 to
40 to 41 0.03
40 to 42 su
42 su 43 ]

limitation : doses of vitamins may be too low or the population may be too well - nourished to benefit from a multivitamin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 limitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 doses
2 : 7 be
2 : 10 or
3 doses 4 of
3 doses 6 may
4 of 5 vitamins
6 may 7 be
7 be 9 low
8 too 9 low
10 or 12 population
10 or 14 be
11 the 12 population
12 population 13 may
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 too
14 be 16 well
14 be 18 nourished
17 - 18 nourished
18 nourished 19 to
18 nourished 24 .
19 to 20 benefit
20 benefit 21 from
21 from 23 multivitamin
22 a 23 multivitamin

conclusion : in male physicians aged 65 years or older , long - term use of a daily multivitamin did not provide cognitive benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 physicians
4 male 5 physicians
5 physicians 6 aged
6 aged 9 or
6 aged 11 ,
6 aged 12 long
7 65 8 years
8 years 9 or
9 or 10 older
13 - 15 use
13 - 22 provide
13 - 25 .
14 term 15 use
15 use 16 of
15 use 20 did
16 of 19 multivitamin
17 a 19 multivitamin
18 daily 19 multivitamin
20 did 21 not
20 did 22 provide
22 provide 24 benefits
23 cognitive 24 benefits

primary funding source : national institutes of health , basf , pfizer , and dsm nutritional products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 source
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 primary 2 funding
2 funding 3 source
3 source 4 :
4 : 6 institutes
5 national 6 institutes
6 institutes 7 of
7 of 14 and
8 health 9 ,
9 , 10 basf
9 , 14 and
10 basf 12 pfizer
11 , 12 pfizer
12 pfizer 13 ,
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 products
15 dsm 16 nutritional
16 nutritional 17 products

resveratrol , a phenolic compound found in various plants , including grapes , berries , and peanuts , shows promise for the treatment of cancer , aging , type 2 diabetes , and cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 resveratrol 5 compound
1 resveratrol 11 including
1 resveratrol 13 ,
2 , 5 compound
3 a 4 phenolic
3 a 5 compound
4 phenolic 5 compound
5 compound 6 found
5 compound 10 ,
6 found 7 in
7 in 9 plants
8 various 9 plants
11 including 12 grapes
13 , 14 berries
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 peanuts
16 and 18 ,
16 and 19 shows
16 and 20 promise
16 and 33 and
19 shows 20 promise
20 promise 21 for
21 for 23 treatment
22 the 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 of
23 treatment 31 diabetes
24 of 25 cancer
25 cancer 27 aging
26 , 27 aging
27 aging 28 ,
28 , 31 diabetes
29 type 31 diabetes
30 2 31 diabetes
31 diabetes 32 ,
33 and 35 diseases
34 cardiovascular 35 diseases

resveratrol can promote transcription factor nuclear factor [-] erythroid [2] - related factor 2 ( nrf2 ) activation , increase the expression level of sirt - 1 , which is a sirtuin family protein , and reduce mtor pathway signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 resveratrol 2 can
2 can 3 promote
3 promote 18 activation
4 transcription 18 activation
5 factor 18 activation
6 nuclear 7 factor
7 factor 18 activation
9 erythroid 13 factor
9 erythroid 18 activation
11 - 13 factor
12 related 13 factor
13 factor 14 2
13 factor 16 nrf2
13 factor 17 )
15 ( 16 nrf2
16 nrf2 17 )
19 , 36 and
20 increase 23 level
20 increase 36 and
21 the 23 level
22 expression 23 level
23 level 24 of
24 of 25 sirt
25 sirt 27 1
26 - 27 1
27 1 29 which
27 1 35 ,
28 , 29 which
29 which 30 is
29 which 35 ,
30 is 34 protein
31 a 34 protein
32 sirtuin 34 protein
33 family 34 protein
36 and 37 reduce
37 reduce 40 signaling
38 mtor 40 signaling
39 pathway 40 signaling

this compound has anti - inflammatory properties in that it inhibits or antagonizes the nuclear factor - κb ( nf - κb ) activity , which is a redox - sensitive transcription factor that coordinates the inflammatory response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 coordinates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 compound
2 compound 3 has
3 has 7 properties
3 has 9 that
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 7 properties
6 inflammatory 7 properties
8 in 9 that
9 that 10 it
9 that 12 or
10 it 12 or
11 inhibits 12 or
12 or 13 antagonizes
12 or 16 factor
14 the 16 factor
15 nuclear 16 factor
16 factor 24 activity
17 - 24 activity
18 κb 20 nf
18 κb 24 activity
19 ( 20 nf
20 nf 21 -
22 κb 23 )
22 κb 24 activity
24 activity 25 ,
25 , 26 which
25 , 27 is
26 which 27 is
27 is 33 factor
28 a 29 redox
28 a 33 factor
29 redox 30 -
29 redox 33 factor
31 sensitive 32 transcription
32 transcription 33 factor
33 factor 34 that
33 factor 35 coordinates
34 that 35 coordinates
35 coordinates 38 response
36 the 38 response
37 inflammatory 38 response

inflammation and oxidative stress , which are common features in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , are interrelated and associated with cardiovascular disease and the progression of ckd itself . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 inflammation 2 and
2 and 4 stress
2 and 6 which
2 and 20 are
3 oxidative 4 stress
5 , 6 which
6 which 7 are
6 which 19 ,
7 are 9 features
8 common 9 features
9 features 10 in
10 in 11 patients
11 patients 12 with
11 patients 17 ckd
12 with 15 disease
13 chronic 14 kidney
14 kidney 15 disease
16 ( 17 ckd
17 ckd 18 )
20 are 22 and
21 interrelated 22 and
22 and 23 associated
22 and 32 itself
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 and
25 cardiovascular 26 disease
26 disease 27 and
27 and 29 progression
27 and 30 of
28 the 29 progression
30 of 31 ckd

because of the modulation of the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory - oxidative stress cycle , resveratrol could play an important role in controlling ckd - related metabolic derangements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
1 because 2 of
1 because 16 ,
1 because 17 resveratrol
2 of 4 modulation
3 the 4 modulation
4 modulation 5 of
5 of 7 mechanisms
6 the 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 8 involved
8 involved 9 in
9 in 15 cycle
10 the 15 cycle
11 inflammatory 12 -
11 inflammatory 14 stress
13 oxidative 14 stress
14 stress 15 cycle
17 resveratrol 18 could
18 could 19 play
19 play 22 role
19 play 23 in
20 an 21 important
20 an 22 role
21 important 22 role
23 in 24 controlling
24 controlling 25 ckd
26 - 27 related
27 related 29 derangements
27 related 30 .
28 metabolic 29 derangements

although resveratrol supplementation in theory is [a] promising therapy in this patient group , there are no studies evaluating its effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 although 3 supplementation
1 although 6 is
1 although 14 ,
1 although 15 there
2 resveratrol 3 supplementation
3 supplementation 4 in
3 supplementation 6 is
4 in 5 theory
6 is 8 promising
8 promising 9 therapy
8 promising 10 in
10 in 13 group
11 this 13 group
12 patient 13 group
15 there 16 are
16 are 18 studies
17 no 18 studies
18 studies 19 evaluating
19 evaluating 21 effects
20 its 21 effects

thus , the present review aims to describe the role of resveratrol in inflammation and oxidative stress modulation and its possible benefits to patients with ckd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 review
3 the 5 review
4 present 5 review
5 review 6 aims
6 aims 7 to
6 aims 8 describe
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 10 role
8 describe 13 in
8 describe 23 to
8 describe 25 with
9 the 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 12 resveratrol
13 in 19 and
14 inflammation 15 and
15 and 18 modulation
15 and 19 and
16 oxidative 17 stress
17 stress 18 modulation
19 and 22 benefits
20 its 22 benefits
21 possible 22 benefits
23 to 24 patients
25 with 26 ckd

background : among senior drivers , benzodiazepines ( bzds ) have a documented effect on the risk of road traffic crashes ( rtcs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 5 drivers
4 senior 5 drivers
6 , 7 benzodiazepines
6 , 11 have
7 benzodiazepines 9 bzds
7 benzodiazepines 11 have
8 ( 9 bzds
9 bzds 10 )
11 have 14 effect
11 have 15 on
12 a 14 effect
13 documented 14 effect
15 on 17 risk
16 the 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 21 crashes
19 road 21 crashes
20 traffic 21 crashes
21 crashes 23 rtcs
22 ( 23 rtcs
23 rtcs 24 )

it remains unclear [however] if bzds play the same role when considering marital status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 remains
2 remains 3 unclear
3 unclear 5 if
5 if 6 bzds
5 if 7 play
6 bzds 7 play
7 play 10 role
7 play 11 when
8 the 9 same
9 same 10 role
11 when 12 considering
12 considering 14 status
13 marital 14 status

therefore , we aimed to investigate the role of marital status in the association between bzd use and injurious rtcs among senior drivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 investigate
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 8 role
6 investigate 12 in
6 investigate 15 between
6 investigate 21 among
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 11 status
10 marital 11 status
12 in 14 association
13 the 14 association
15 between 18 and
16 bzd 17 use
17 use 18 and
18 and 20 rtcs
19 injurious 20 rtcs
21 among 23 drivers
22 senior 23 drivers

methods : matched case - control study based on five national swedish registers ( n = [154] 225 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 case
2 : 5 -
3 matched 4 case
5 - 6 control
5 - 20 .
6 control 7 study
6 control 16 =
7 study 8 based
8 based 9 on
9 on 13 registers
10 five 13 registers
11 national 13 registers
12 swedish 13 registers
14 ( 16 =
15 n 16 =
16 = 18 225
16 = 19 )

cases comprised the first [non] - alcohol - related injurious rtc sustained by drivers aged 50 - 80 years from july 2005 to december 2009 and controls included registered residents with a valid license who did not crash during that period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 cases 2 comprised
2 comprised 4 first
3 the 4 first
4 first 7 alcohol
6 - 7 alcohol
7 alcohol 8 -
8 - 9 related
9 related 11 rtc
10 injurious 11 rtc
11 rtc 12 sustained
11 rtc 26 and
12 sustained 13 by
13 by 14 drivers
15 aged 17 -
15 aged 20 from
15 aged 23 to
15 aged 26 and
16 50 17 -
17 - 18 80
18 80 19 years
19 years 20 from
20 from 21 july
21 july 22 2005
23 to 24 december
24 december 25 2009
26 and 27 controls
27 controls 30 residents
27 controls 31 with
28 included 30 residents
29 registered 30 residents
31 with 34 license
31 with 39 during
32 a 34 license
33 valid 34 license
34 license 35 who
34 license 36 did
35 who 36 did
36 did 37 not
36 did 38 crash
39 during 41 period
40 that 41 period

four controls were matched to each case by sex , age and place of residence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 controls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 matched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 four 2 controls
2 controls 3 were
3 were 4 matched
4 matched 5 to
4 matched 8 by
5 to 7 case
6 each 7 case
8 by 12 and
9 sex 10 ,
10 , 11 age
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 place
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 residence

conditional logistic regression analysis for injurious rtc was performed with adjustment for occupation [and] number [of] medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conditional 2 logistic
2 logistic 4 analysis
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 for
4 analysis 8 was
5 for 7 rtc
6 injurious 7 rtc
8 was 9 performed
9 performed 10 with
9 performed 12 for
10 with 11 adjustment
12 for 17 medications
13 occupation 17 medications
15 number 17 medications

the main exposure was dispensation of bzds , [alone] or [in] combination with other psychotropic medications , 1 - 30 days prior to the crash date stratified by marital status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 was
4 was 5 dispensation
5 dispensation 6 of
5 dispensation 13 with
6 of 10 or
7 bzds 10 or
8 , 10 or
10 or 12 combination
13 with 16 medications
14 other 16 medications
15 psychotropic 16 medications
16 medications 22 prior
17 , 22 prior
18 1 22 prior
19 - 20 30
20 30 21 days
21 days 22 prior
22 prior 23 to
22 prior 27 stratified
22 prior 28 by
22 prior 31 .
23 to 26 date
24 the 26 date
25 crash 26 date
28 by 30 status
29 marital 30 status

compared to married drivers , those divorced ( 1.48 , 1.43 - 1.53 ) and widowed [(] 1.54 ; 1.45 - 1.63 ) had higher adjusted ors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 15 and
2 to 4 drivers
3 married 4 drivers
4 drivers 6 those
4 drivers 12 -
5 , 6 those
6 those 7 divorced
6 those 9 1.48
6 those 10 ,
8 ( 9 1.48
9 1.48 10 ,
10 , 12 -
11 1.43 12 -
12 - 13 1.53
12 - 14 )
15 and 16 widowed
15 and 18 1.54
19 ; 20 1.45
19 ; 24 had
20 1.45 22 1.63
20 1.45 24 had
21 - 22 1.63
22 1.63 23 )
24 had 27 ors
25 higher 27 ors
26 adjusted 27 ors

marital status modified the association between bzds and rtcs , particularly among younger male drivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 marital 2 status
2 status 3 modified
3 modified 5 association
3 modified 6 between
3 modified 11 particularly
4 the 5 association
6 between 8 and
7 bzds 8 and
8 and 9 rtcs
8 and 10 ,
11 particularly 12 among
12 among 15 drivers
13 younger 15 drivers
14 male 15 drivers

conclusions : both bzds and marital status independently affect the risk for senior drivers to be involved in an rtc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 9 affect
2 : 21 .
3 both 5 and
4 bzds 5 and
5 and 7 status
5 and 9 affect
6 marital 7 status
8 independently 9 affect
9 affect 11 risk
9 affect 12 for
9 affect 15 to
10 the 11 risk
12 for 14 drivers
13 senior 14 drivers
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 involved
17 involved 18 in
18 in 20 rtc
19 an 20 rtc

however , marital status plays a role in the association between bzd use and rtcs and this may have implications for targeting risk populations for rtcs among senior drivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 status
3 marital 4 status
4 status 5 plays
5 plays 7 role
5 plays 8 in
5 plays 11 between
5 plays 27 among
6 a 7 role
8 in 10 association
9 the 10 association
11 between 12 bzd
12 bzd 16 and
12 bzd 22 targeting
13 use 14 and
14 and 15 rtcs
14 and 16 and
16 and 17 this
16 and 18 may
18 may 19 have
19 have 20 implications
19 have 21 for
21 for 22 targeting
22 targeting 24 populations
22 targeting 25 for
23 risk 24 populations
25 for 26 rtcs
27 among 29 drivers
28 senior 29 drivers

background : increasing age is associated with a decline in cognition and motor skills , while at the same time exacerbating one's risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 age
2 : 12 and
3 increasing 4 age
4 age 5 is
5 is 12 and
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 12 and
7 with 9 decline
8 a 9 decline
9 decline 10 in
10 in 11 cognition
12 and 13 motor
12 and 16 while
13 motor 14 skills
15 , 16 while
16 while 17 at
16 while 31 )
17 at 20 time
18 the 19 same
19 same 20 time
20 time 21 exacerbating
20 time 24 of
21 exacerbating 22 one's
21 exacerbating 23 risk
24 of 25 developing
25 developing 28 apnea
26 obstructive 27 sleep
27 sleep 28 apnea
28 apnea 30 osa
29 ( 30 osa
30 osa 31 )

osa - related cognitive deficits are highly prevalent and can affect various memory systems including overnight memory consolidation on a motor sequence task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 osa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 - 3 related
2 - 11 affect
3 related 6 are
3 related 7 highly
4 cognitive 5 deficits
5 deficits 6 are
8 prevalent 9 and
9 and 10 can
9 and 11 affect
11 affect 13 memory
12 various 13 memory
13 memory 14 systems
13 memory 23 task
14 systems 15 including
14 systems 23 task
15 including 18 consolidation
15 including 19 on
16 overnight 17 memory
17 memory 18 consolidation
19 on 22 sequence
20 a 22 sequence
21 motor 22 sequence

thus , the aim of our study was to examine the effect of aging on sleep - dependent motor memory consolidation in patients [with] and without osa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 our 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 12 effect
10 examine 15 on
11 the 12 effect
12 effect 13 of
13 of 14 aging
15 on 16 sleep
17 - 21 consolidation
18 dependent 19 motor
19 motor 20 memory
20 memory 21 consolidation
21 consolidation 25 and
22 in 23 patients
22 in 25 and
25 and 26 without
26 without 27 osa

methods : we studied 44 patients ( 19 - 68 years [ )(who had been referred by a physician for a baseline polysomnography ( psg ) evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 studied
3 we 4 studied
4 studied 6 patients
5 44 6 patients
6 patients 11 years
7 ( 11 years
8 19 9 -
9 - 10 68
9 - 11 years
11 years 13 )(who
11 years 14 had
11 years 28 .
13 )(who 14 had
14 had 15 been
15 been 16 referred
16 referred 17 by
17 by 19 physician
18 a 19 physician
19 physician 20 for
20 for 27 evaluation
21 a 27 evaluation
22 baseline 27 evaluation
23 polysomnography 25 psg
23 polysomnography 26 )
23 polysomnography 27 evaluation
24 ( 25 psg
25 psg 26 )

based on their psg , patients were assigned either to the osa group ( ahi>5/h ) , or control [(] [non] - osa [ )( ( ahi<5/h ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 patients
2 on 4 psg
3 their 4 psg
6 patients 18 or
7 were 8 assigned
7 were 18 or
8 assigned 9 either
8 assigned 10 to
10 to 13 group
11 the 13 group
12 osa 13 group
13 group 15 ahi>5/h
14 ( 15 ahi>5/h
15 ahi>5/h 16 )
17 , 18 or
18 or 19 control
22 - 23 osa
23 osa 27 ahi<5/h
26 ( 27 ahi<5/h
27 ahi<5/h 28 )

all subjects performed the psychomotor vigilance task ( pvt ) and the motor sequence learning task [(] [mst] ) in the evening and again [in] the morning after their psg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 performed
3 performed 23 and
3 performed 28 after
4 the 9 pvt
5 psychomotor 6 vigilance
6 vigilance 7 task
7 task 9 pvt
8 ( 9 pvt
9 pvt 10 )
9 pvt 11 and
11 and 16 task
11 and 19 )
11 and 20 in
11 and 23 and
12 the 16 task
13 motor 14 sequence
14 sequence 15 learning
15 learning 16 task
20 in 22 evening
21 the 22 evening
23 and 24 again
23 and 27 morning
26 the 27 morning
28 after 30 psg
29 their 30 psg

results : despite similar learning in the evening , osa subjects showed significantly less overnight improvement on [the] [mst] [,] both for immediate ( osa - 2.7 % ± 2.8 % [vs] [.] controls 12.2 % ± 3.5 % [;] p = 0.002 ) [and] plateau improvement ( osa 4.9 % ± 2.3 % [vs] [.] controls 21.1%± 4.0 [%] [;] p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 despite
3 despite 5 learning
4 similar 5 learning
5 learning 6 in
6 in 8 evening
7 the 8 evening
9 , 11 subjects
10 osa 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 showed
12 showed 14 less
12 showed 15 overnight
12 showed 16 improvement
12 showed 17 on
13 significantly 14 less
17 on 21 both
21 both 22 for
22 for 29 ±
23 immediate 25 osa
23 immediate 29 ±
24 ( 25 osa
25 osa 26 -
27 2.7 28 %
28 % 29 ±
29 ± 31 %
29 ± 34 controls
30 2.8 31 %
31 % 34 controls
34 controls 37 ±
35 12.2 37 ±
36 % 37 ±
37 ± 39 %
37 ± 46 plateau
38 3.5 39 %
39 % 42 =
39 % 46 plateau
41 p 42 =
42 = 43 0.002
42 = 44 )
46 plateau 47 improvement
47 improvement 58 21.1%±
48 ( 58 21.1%±
49 osa 50 4.9
49 osa 58 21.1%±
51 % 58 21.1%±
52 ± 58 21.1%±
53 2.3 54 %
54 % 58 21.1%±
57 controls 58 21.1%±
58 21.1%± 59 4.0
58 21.1%± 63 =
58 21.1%± 66 .
62 p 63 =
63 = 64 0.001
63 = 65 )

within the osa group , there was a significant negative correlation between overnight [mst] improvement and age [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.3 [;] p = 0.01 [ )(, an effect that was not observed in the non - osa group [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.08 [;] p = 0.23 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 within 3 osa
1 within 4 group
2 the 3 osa
5 , 6 there
5 , 7 was
6 there 7 was
7 was 11 correlation
8 a 11 correlation
9 significant 11 correlation
10 negative 11 correlation
11 correlation 12 between
12 between 16 and
13 overnight 15 improvement
15 improvement 16 and
16 and 17 age
16 and 23 )(=
16 and 27 =
19 r 23 )(=
20 ( 23 )(=
21 2 23 )(=
23 )(= 24 0.3
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.01
27 = 30 )(,
30 )(, 36 observed
31 an 32 effect
32 effect 33 that
32 effect 34 was
32 effect 36 observed
33 that 34 was
34 was 35 not
36 observed 37 in
37 in 42 group
38 the 42 group
39 non 41 osa
40 - 41 osa
41 osa 42 group
42 group 48 )(=
42 group 52 =
44 r 48 )(=
45 ( 48 )(=
46 2 48 )(=
48 )(= 49 0.08
51 p 52 =
52 = 53 0.23
52 = 55 )(

conclusions : consistent with previous research , healthy sleepers demonstrated a higher degree of sleep - dependent overnight improvement on the [mst] [,] [an] effect not mitigated by increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 consistent
3 consistent 4 with
4 with 6 research
5 previous 6 research
7 , 9 sleepers
7 , 10 demonstrated
7 , 16 -
8 healthy 9 sleepers
9 sleepers 10 demonstrated
10 demonstrated 15 sleep
11 a 13 degree
12 higher 13 degree
13 degree 14 of
13 degree 15 sleep
14 of 15 sleep
16 - 19 improvement
17 dependent 19 improvement
18 overnight 19 improvement
19 improvement 20 on
19 improvement 28 by
20 on 25 effect
21 the 25 effect
25 effect 26 not
26 not 27 mitigated
28 by 29 increasing
29 increasing 30 age

however , the presence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an aging [-] related cognitive deficit , otherwise [not] present in individuals without osa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 presence
3 the 4 presence
4 presence 5 of
4 presence 10 is
5 of 9 apnea
6 untreated 8 sleep
7 obstructive 8 sleep
8 sleep 9 apnea
10 is 19 ,
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 19 ,
12 with 18 deficit
13 an 18 deficit
14 aging 18 deficit
16 related 18 deficit
17 cognitive 18 deficit
19 , 22 present
19 , 23 in
19 , 25 without
20 otherwise 22 present
23 in 24 individuals
25 without 26 osa

as other research has linked the presence of osa to [a] higher likelihood of developing dementia , future studies are necessary to examine if the inhibition of memory consolidation is tied to the onset of neurodegenerative disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 as 3 research
1 as 5 linked
1 as 19 studies
2 other 3 research
3 research 4 has
4 has 5 linked
5 linked 7 presence
5 linked 10 to
6 the 7 presence
7 presence 8 of
8 of 9 osa
10 to 13 likelihood
12 higher 13 likelihood
13 likelihood 14 of
14 of 15 developing
16 dementia 17 ,
16 dementia 19 studies
18 future 19 studies
19 studies 20 are
20 are 21 necessary
21 necessary 22 to
21 necessary 23 examine
22 to 23 examine
23 examine 24 if
24 if 26 inhibition
24 if 31 tied
25 the 26 inhibition
26 inhibition 27 of
26 inhibition 30 is
27 of 29 consolidation
28 memory 29 consolidation
30 is 31 tied
31 tied 32 to
32 to 34 onset
33 the 34 onset
34 onset 35 of
35 of 37 disease
36 neurodegenerative 37 disease

accurate and robust brain extraction is a critical step in most neuroimaging analysis pipelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 extraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 accurate 2 and
2 and 3 robust
2 and 4 brain
4 brain 5 extraction
5 extraction 6 is
6 is 9 step
7 a 8 critical
7 a 9 step
8 critical 9 step
9 step 10 in
10 in 14 pipelines
11 most 14 pipelines
12 neuroimaging 13 analysis
13 analysis 14 pipelines

in particular , for the large - scale multi - site neuroimaging studies involving a significant number of subjects with diverse age and diagnostic groups , accurate and robust extraction of the brain automatically and consistently is highly desirable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 neuroimaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 12 neuroimaging
4 for 11 site
4 for 12 neuroimaging
5 the 11 site
6 large 7 -
6 large 8 scale
8 scale 11 site
9 multi 10 -
9 multi 11 site
12 neuroimaging 13 studies
12 neuroimaging 20 with
12 neuroimaging 35 and
12 neuroimaging 37 is
13 studies 14 involving
14 involving 19 subjects
15 a 16 significant
15 a 17 number
16 significant 17 number
17 number 18 of
17 number 19 subjects
18 of 19 subjects
20 with 23 and
20 with 30 extraction
21 diverse 22 age
22 age 23 and
23 and 25 groups
23 and 26 ,
24 diagnostic 25 groups
27 accurate 28 and
28 and 29 robust
28 and 30 extraction
30 extraction 31 of
31 of 33 brain
32 the 33 brain
34 automatically 35 and
35 and 36 consistently
37 is 38 highly
37 is 39 desirable

in this paper , we introduce population - specific probability maps to guide the brain extraction of diverse subject groups , including both healthy and diseased adult human populations , both developing and aging human populations , as well as [non] [-] human primates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 introduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 introduce
6 introduce 7 population
6 introduce 22 including
6 introduce 40 as
7 population 11 maps
8 - 11 maps
9 specific 11 maps
10 probability 11 maps
11 maps 12 to
11 maps 13 guide
11 maps 17 of
11 maps 21 ,
12 to 13 guide
13 guide 16 extraction
14 the 16 extraction
15 brain 16 extraction
17 of 20 groups
18 diverse 19 subject
19 subject 20 groups
21 , 22 including
22 including 33 and
22 including 37 ,
23 both 33 and
24 healthy 25 and
25 and 29 populations
25 and 30 ,
25 and 32 developing
25 and 33 and
26 diseased 27 adult
27 adult 29 populations
28 human 29 populations
31 both 32 developing
33 and 36 populations
34 aging 35 human
35 human 36 populations
38 as 39 well
39 well 40 as
40 as 44 primates
43 human 44 primates

specifically , the proposed method combines an atlas - base [d] approach , for coarse skull - stripping , with a deformable - surface - based approach that is guided by local intensity information and population - specific prior information learned from a set of real brain images for more localized refinement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 combines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 base
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 5 method
3 the 5 method
4 proposed 5 method
5 method 6 combines
6 combines 8 atlas
7 an 8 atlas
9 - 10 base
10 base 12 approach
10 base 14 for
10 base 18 stripping
10 base 20 with
13 , 14 for
14 for 16 skull
14 for 17 -
15 coarse 16 skull
17 - 18 stripping
18 stripping 19 ,
20 with 27 approach
21 a 27 approach
22 deformable 24 surface
22 deformable 27 approach
23 - 24 surface
24 surface 25 -
26 based 27 approach
27 approach 30 guided
27 approach 31 by
28 that 29 is
29 is 30 guided
31 by 39 prior
32 local 33 intensity
33 intensity 34 information
34 information 35 and
35 and 36 population
35 and 37 -
35 and 39 prior
38 specific 39 prior
39 prior 51 localized
40 information 41 learned
41 learned 42 from
41 learned 48 images
41 learned 51 localized
42 from 44 set
43 a 44 set
45 of 47 brain
45 of 48 images
46 real 47 brain
48 images 49 for
48 images 51 localized
49 for 50 more
51 localized 52 refinement
51 localized 53 .

comprehensive quantitative evaluations were performed on the diverse large - scale populations of adni dataset with over 800 subjects [(] 55 ∼ 90 years of age [,] multi - site , various diagnosis groups ) , oasis dataset with over 400 subjects [(] 18 ∼ 96 years of age , wide age range , various diagnosis groups [ )(, and nih pediatrics dataset with 150 subjects [(] 5 ∼ 18 years of age , multi - site , wide age range as a complementary age group to the adult dataset [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comprehensive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
1 comprehensive 3 evaluations
1 comprehensive 4 were
1 comprehensive 5 performed
2 quantitative 3 evaluations
3 evaluations 4 were
5 performed 6 on
5 performed 16 with
6 on 12 populations
7 the 12 populations
8 diverse 11 scale
9 large 10 -
9 large 11 scale
11 scale 12 populations
12 populations 13 of
13 of 15 dataset
14 adni 15 dataset
16 with 18 800
16 with 24 years
17 over 18 800
18 800 19 subjects
18 800 22 ∼
19 subjects 21 55
19 subjects 22 ∼
23 90 24 years
24 years 25 of
25 of 37 oasis
26 age 37 oasis
28 multi 30 site
28 multi 36 ,
28 multi 37 oasis
29 - 30 site
30 site 34 groups
30 site 35 )
31 , 34 groups
32 various 33 diagnosis
33 diagnosis 34 groups
34 groups 35 )
37 oasis 38 dataset
37 oasis 42 subjects
38 dataset 39 with
38 dataset 42 subjects
39 with 41 400
40 over 41 400
42 subjects 47 years
44 18 47 years
45 ∼ 47 years
46 96 47 years
47 years 48 of
48 of 60 and
49 age 50 ,
50 , 53 range
50 , 54 ,
51 wide 53 range
52 age 53 range
54 , 57 groups
54 , 60 and
55 various 56 diagnosis
56 diagnosis 57 groups
59 )(, 60 and
60 and 63 dataset
60 and 72 of
61 nih 63 dataset
62 pediatrics 63 dataset
63 dataset 64 with
64 with 71 years
65 150 71 years
66 subjects 71 years
68 5 71 years
69 ∼ 71 years
70 18 71 years
72 of 73 age
73 age 77 site
73 age 81 range
74 , 77 site
75 multi 76 -
75 multi 77 site
77 site 78 ,
78 , 81 range
79 wide 81 range
80 age 81 range
81 range 82 as
81 range 87 to
81 range 92 )(
82 as 86 group
83 a 84 complementary
83 a 86 group
84 complementary 85 age
85 age 86 group
87 to 90 dataset
88 the 90 dataset
89 adult 90 dataset

the results demonstrate that our method consistently yields the best overall results across [almost] the entire human life span , with [only] a single set of parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 method
4 that 8 yields
5 our 6 method
6 method 8 yields
7 consistently 8 yields
8 yields 12 results
9 the 10 best
9 the 12 results
11 overall 12 results
12 results 13 across
12 results 21 with
13 across 19 span
15 the 19 span
16 entire 17 human
17 human 18 life
18 life 19 span
20 , 21 with
21 with 24 single
21 with 25 set
21 with 28 .
23 a 24 single
25 set 26 of
26 of 27 parameters

to demonstrate its capability to work on [non] - human primates , the proposed method is further evaluated using a rhesus macaque dataset with 20 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 demonstrate
1 to 12 ,
1 to 15 method
2 demonstrate 4 capability
3 its 4 capability
4 capability 5 to
4 capability 6 work
4 capability 11 primates
5 to 6 work
6 work 7 on
9 - 11 primates
10 human 11 primates
11 primates 12 ,
13 the 15 method
14 proposed 15 method
15 method 16 is
16 is 17 further
16 is 18 evaluated
18 evaluated 19 using
19 using 23 dataset
19 using 24 with
20 a 23 dataset
21 rhesus 23 dataset
22 macaque 23 dataset
24 with 26 subjects
25 20 26 subjects

quantitative comparisons [with] popularly used state - [of] - the [-] art methods , including bet , two - pass bet , bet - b , bse , hwa , robex and afni , demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably with superior performance on all testing datasets , indicating its robustness and effectiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 quantitative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
2 comparisons 5 used
2 comparisons 6 state
4 popularly 5 used
6 state 7 -
7 - 9 -
7 - 14 ,
7 - 17 ,
9 - 13 methods
10 the 13 methods
12 art 13 methods
14 , 16 bet
15 including 16 bet
17 , 18 two
17 , 19 -
19 - 27 bse
20 pass 27 bse
21 bet 24 -
21 bet 27 bse
22 , 24 -
23 bet 24 -
24 - 25 b
24 - 26 ,
27 bse 33 afni
27 bse 35 demonstrate
28 , 33 afni
29 hwa 31 robex
30 , 31 robex
31 robex 32 and
32 and 33 afni
33 afni 34 ,
35 demonstrate 36 that
36 that 39 method
36 that 40 performs
37 the 39 method
38 proposed 39 method
39 method 40 performs
40 performs 41 favorably
40 performs 42 with
42 with 44 performance
42 with 45 on
43 superior 44 performance
45 on 47 testing
46 all 47 testing
47 testing 48 datasets
47 testing 50 indicating
49 , 50 indicating
50 indicating 53 and
50 indicating 55 .
51 its 52 robustness
52 robustness 53 and
53 and 54 effectiveness

introduction : the hospital admission risk profile ( harp ) instrument is commonly used to assess risk of [functional] [decline] when older people are admitted to [hospital] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 instrument
2 : 14 used
2 : 28 .
3 the 11 instrument
4 hospital 5 admission
5 admission 6 risk
6 risk 7 profile
7 profile 9 harp
8 ( 9 harp
9 harp 10 )
9 harp 11 instrument
11 instrument 12 is
12 is 14 used
13 commonly 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 16 assess
15 to 16 assess
16 assess 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
17 risk 23 people
17 risk 26 to
18 of 21 when
22 older 23 people
23 people 24 are
24 are 25 admitted
25 admitted 26 to

harp has moderate diagnostic accuracy ( 65 % ) for downstream decreased scores in activities of daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 harp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 harp 2 has
2 has 5 accuracy
2 has 10 for
2 has 14 in
3 moderate 5 accuracy
4 diagnostic 5 accuracy
5 accuracy 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 65 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 for 13 scores
11 downstream 13 scores
12 decreased 13 scores
14 in 15 activities
15 activities 16 of
16 of 18 living
17 daily 18 living

this paper reports the diagnostic accuracy of harp for downstream quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 reports
3 reports 6 accuracy
4 the 6 accuracy
5 diagnostic 6 accuracy
6 accuracy 7 of
7 of 8 harp
8 harp 9 for
9 for 11 quality
10 downstream 11 quality
11 quality 12 of
12 of 13 life

it also tests whether adding other measures to harp improves its diagnostic accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 it 3 tests
2 also 3 tests
3 tests 4 whether
4 whether 5 adding
4 whether 10 improves
5 adding 7 measures
5 adding 8 to
5 adding 10 improves
6 other 7 measures
8 to 9 harp
10 improves 13 accuracy
11 its 13 accuracy
12 diagnostic 13 accuracy

methods : one hundred and forty - eight independent community dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older were recruited in the emergency department of one large australian hospital with a medical problem for which they were discharged without a hospital ward admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 forty
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 forty
6 forty 12 individuals
6 forty 18 were
6 forty 19 recruited
6 forty 20 in
7 - 8 eight
8 eight 12 individuals
9 independent 12 individuals
10 community 12 individuals
11 dwelling 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 aged
12 individuals 18 were
13 aged 16 or
14 65 15 years
15 years 16 or
16 or 17 older
20 in 23 department
21 the 23 department
22 emergency 23 department
23 department 24 of
23 department 29 with
23 department 33 for
24 of 28 hospital
25 one 28 hospital
26 large 28 hospital
27 australian 28 hospital
29 with 32 problem
30 a 32 problem
31 medical 32 problem
33 for 34 which
33 for 35 they
33 for 37 discharged
35 they 36 were
36 were 37 discharged
37 discharged 38 without
38 without 42 admission
39 a 42 admission
40 hospital 41 ward
41 ward 42 admission

data , including age , sex [,] primary language , [highest] level of education , postcode , living status , requiring care for daily activities , using a gait aid , receiving formal community supports , instrumental activities of daily living in the last week , hospitalization and [falls] [in] the last 12 months , and mental state were collected at recruitment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sex
1 data 3 including
1 data 6 sex
2 , 3 including
3 including 4 age
3 including 5 ,
6 sex 9 language
6 sex 18 living
8 primary 9 language
9 language 12 level
10 , 12 level
12 level 13 of
12 level 16 postcode
12 level 17 ,
13 of 14 education
15 , 16 postcode
16 postcode 17 ,
17 , 18 living
18 living 19 status
18 living 21 requiring
20 , 21 requiring
21 requiring 22 care
21 requiring 30 aid
22 care 23 for
23 for 25 activities
24 daily 25 activities
25 activities 27 using
26 , 27 using
27 using 29 gait
28 a 29 gait
30 aid 32 receiving
30 aid 38 activities
30 aid 42 in
31 , 32 receiving
32 receiving 35 supports
32 receiving 36 ,
33 formal 35 supports
34 community 35 supports
37 instrumental 38 activities
38 activities 39 of
39 of 41 living
40 daily 41 living
42 in 45 week
43 the 45 week
44 last 45 week
45 week 56 and
46 , 56 and
47 hospitalization 48 and
48 and 54 months
48 and 55 ,
48 and 56 and
51 the 52 last
51 the 53 12
53 12 54 months
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 mental
56 and 58 state
56 and 59 were
56 and 60 collected
56 and 63 .
58 state 59 were
60 collected 61 at
61 at 62 recruitment

harp scores were derived from a formula that summed scores assigned to age , activities of daily living , and mental state categories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 harp 2 scores
2 scores 3 were
3 were 4 derived
4 derived 5 from
4 derived 11 assigned
5 from 7 formula
6 a 7 formula
7 formula 8 that
7 formula 9 summed
8 that 9 summed
9 summed 10 scores
11 assigned 12 to
11 assigned 13 age
12 to 13 age
14 , 15 activities
14 , 22 state
15 activities 16 of
15 activities 22 state
16 of 20 and
17 daily 18 living
17 daily 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 mental
22 state 23 categories

physical and mental component scores of a quality of life measure were captured by telephone [interview] at 1 and 3 months [after] recruitment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 recruitment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 physical 2 and
2 and 4 component
2 and 5 scores
2 and 11 measure
2 and 12 were
3 mental 4 component
5 scores 6 of
5 scores 11 measure
6 of 8 quality
7 a 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 10 life
12 were 13 captured
13 captured 15 telephone
13 captured 17 at
14 by 15 telephone
17 at 19 and
18 1 19 and
19 and 20 3
20 3 21 months
21 months 23 recruitment

results : harp scores are moderately accurate at predicting downstream decline in physical quality of life , but did not predict downstream decline [in] mental quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 harp
2 : 18 but
2 : 29 .
3 harp 4 scores
3 harp 9 predicting
3 harp 18 but
4 scores 5 are
5 are 6 moderately
5 are 7 accurate
7 accurate 8 at
8 at 9 predicting
9 predicting 10 downstream
11 decline 12 in
11 decline 18 but
12 in 14 quality
13 physical 14 quality
14 quality 15 of
15 of 16 life
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 did
19 did 20 not
19 did 21 predict
21 predict 26 quality
22 downstream 23 decline
23 decline 26 quality
25 mental 26 quality
26 quality 27 of
27 of 28 life

the addition of other variables to harp did not improve its diagnostic accuracy for either measure of quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 addition
2 addition 3 of
2 addition 8 did
3 of 5 variables
4 other 5 variables
5 variables 6 to
6 to 7 harp
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 improve
10 improve 13 accuracy
11 its 13 accuracy
12 diagnostic 13 accuracy
13 accuracy 14 for
14 for 18 quality
15 either 16 measure
16 measure 17 of
16 measure 18 quality
17 of 18 quality
18 quality 19 of
19 of 20 life

conclusion : harp is a poor predictor of quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 harp
2 : 4 is
2 : 12 .
3 harp 4 is
4 is 7 predictor
5 a 6 poor
5 a 7 predictor
6 poor 7 predictor
7 predictor 8 of
8 of 9 quality
9 quality 10 of
10 of 11 life

background : to compare intraocular pressure ( iop ) readings using the icare rebound tonometer [(] rbt [ )(versus the goldmann applanation tonometer ( gat ) in late elderly [(] aged 75 years or older ) subjects [with] or [without] glaucoma , [and] to evaluate the influence of central corneal thickness ( cct [ )(on iop readings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 readings
2 : 14 rebound
3 to 4 compare
3 to 9 )
3 to 10 readings
4 compare 6 pressure
5 intraocular 6 pressure
6 pressure 8 iop
7 ( 8 iop
8 iop 9 )
10 readings 11 using
10 readings 14 rebound
11 using 13 icare
12 the 13 icare
14 rebound 17 rbt
15 tonometer 17 rbt
17 rbt 19 )(versus
17 rbt 27 in
19 )(versus 23 tonometer
20 the 23 tonometer
21 goldmann 22 applanation
22 applanation 23 tonometer
23 tonometer 25 gat
24 ( 25 gat
25 gat 26 )
27 in 39 or
28 late 33 years
29 elderly 33 years
31 aged 33 years
32 75 33 years
33 years 34 or
34 or 37 subjects
34 or 39 or
35 older 36 )
35 older 37 subjects
39 or 41 glaucoma
39 or 42 ,
39 or 44 to
39 or 45 evaluate
44 to 45 evaluate
45 evaluate 47 influence
46 the 47 influence
47 influence 48 of
47 influence 53 cct
48 of 51 thickness
49 central 51 thickness
50 corneal 51 thickness
52 ( 53 cct
53 cct 55 )(on
53 cct 58 .
55 )(on 57 readings
56 iop 57 readings

methods : the iop measurements were obtained using the rbt and gat , and cct was measured using a specular - type microscope . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 measurements
2 : 7 obtained
2 : 14 and
2 : 24 .
3 the 5 measurements
4 iop 5 measurements
5 measurements 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 using
8 using 12 gat
9 the 12 gat
10 rbt 11 and
11 and 12 gat
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 cct
14 and 17 measured
15 cct 16 was
16 was 17 measured
17 measured 18 using
18 using 23 microscope
19 a 23 microscope
20 specular 21 -
20 specular 23 microscope
22 type 23 microscope

bland - altman analysis was used to assess the clinical agreement between the two instruments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bland 2 -
1 bland 4 analysis
3 altman 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 agreement
8 assess 12 between
9 the 11 agreement
10 clinical 11 agreement
12 between 15 instruments
13 the 14 two
14 two 15 instruments

the influence of cct adjusted for age on iop readings was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 5 adjusted
2 influence 11 was
3 of 4 cct
5 adjusted 6 for
5 adjusted 8 on
6 for 7 age
8 on 10 readings
9 iop 10 readings
11 was 12 analyzed
12 analyzed 13 by
13 by 17 analysis
14 multiple 17 analysis
15 linear 17 analysis
16 regression 17 analysis

results : this study included 58 eyes of 29 normal subjects and 54 eyes of 28 glaucoma patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 eyes
6 58 7 eyes
7 eyes 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 29 11 subjects
10 normal 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 and
12 and 14 eyes
12 and 15 of
13 54 14 eyes
15 of 18 patients
16 28 18 patients
17 glaucoma 18 patients

the mean age was 80.7±4.3 years ( normal subjects ) and 83.1±5.1 years ( glaucoma patients ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 was
4 was 11 and
5 80.7±4.3 6 years
6 years 9 subjects
6 years 11 and
7 ( 9 subjects
8 normal 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 )
11 and 13 years
12 83.1±5.1 13 years
13 years 16 patients
14 ( 16 patients
15 glaucoma 16 patients
16 patients 17 )

the mean iop readings were 13.6±3.5 [mmhg] and 13.2±2.8 [mmhg] ( using the rbt and gat , respectively ) for normal subjects , and 13.6±3.3 [mmhg] and 13.5±2.9 [mmhg] for glaucoma patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 readings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 4 readings
2 mean 4 readings
3 iop 4 readings
4 readings 5 were
5 were 8 and
6 13.6±3.5 8 and
8 and 32 patients
9 13.2±2.8 12 using
9 13.2±2.8 18 respectively
9 13.2±2.8 20 for
9 13.2±2.8 24 and
11 ( 12 using
12 using 16 gat
12 using 17 ,
13 the 16 gat
14 rbt 15 and
15 and 16 gat
17 , 18 respectively
18 respectively 19 )
20 for 22 subjects
21 normal 22 subjects
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 and
24 and 32 patients
25 13.6±3.3 27 and
27 and 28 13.5±2.9
28 13.5±2.9 30 for
30 for 31 glaucoma

the 95 % confidence interval of the differences between the two instruments was - 3.3 to 4.0 mmhg for normal subjects and - 2.9 to 1.6 mmhg [for] glaucoma patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interval
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 5 interval
2 95 3 %
3 % 4 confidence
4 confidence 5 interval
5 interval 6 of
5 interval 9 between
5 interval 13 was
6 of 8 differences
7 the 8 differences
9 between 12 instruments
10 the 11 two
11 two 12 instruments
13 was 18 mmhg
14 - 16 to
15 3.3 16 to
16 to 17 4.0
16 to 18 mmhg
18 mmhg 19 for
19 for 22 and
20 normal 21 subjects
21 subjects 22 and
22 and 30 patients
23 - 24 2.9
24 2.9 25 to
25 to 26 1.6
25 to 27 mmhg
27 mmhg 30 patients
29 glaucoma 30 patients

the iop readings by two instruments were significantly correlated with cct in eyes with glaucoma ( for the rbt , β=0.036 and p=0.002 , and for the gat , β=0.021 and p=0.033 ) but not in normal eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 readings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 readings
2 iop 3 readings
3 readings 4 by
3 readings 7 were
4 by 6 instruments
5 two 6 instruments
7 were 8 significantly
7 were 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
9 correlated 25 and
9 correlated 34 but
9 correlated 36 in
10 with 11 cct
11 cct 12 in
12 in 13 eyes
14 with 15 glaucoma
14 with 25 and
15 glaucoma 17 for
15 glaucoma 22 and
16 ( 17 for
17 for 19 rbt
17 for 20 ,
18 the 19 rbt
20 , 22 and
21 β=0.036 22 and
22 and 23 p=0.002
22 and 24 ,
25 and 26 for
26 for 31 and
27 the 28 gat
28 gat 29 ,
29 , 30 β=0.021
29 , 31 and
31 and 32 p=0.033
31 and 33 )
34 but 35 not
36 in 38 eyes
37 normal 38 eyes

conclusion : iop readings measured using the rbt and gat showed within the allowable range in the late elderly subjects [with] or without glaucoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 iop
3 iop 4 readings
3 iop 5 measured
4 readings 5 measured
5 measured 6 using
6 using 8 rbt
7 the 8 rbt
9 and 10 gat
9 and 11 showed
10 gat 11 showed
11 showed 12 within
11 showed 22 or
12 within 15 range
13 the 15 range
14 allowable 15 range
16 in 20 subjects
16 in 22 or
17 the 20 subjects
18 late 20 subjects
19 elderly 20 subjects
22 or 23 without
23 without 24 glaucoma

eyes with glaucoma were correlated closely with cct using each instrument . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 eyes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 eyes 2 with
1 eyes 4 were
2 with 3 glaucoma
4 were 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 closely
5 correlated 7 with
7 with 8 cct
8 cct 9 using
9 using 11 instrument
10 each 11 instrument

background : nursing home residents are mainly older people with multiple diseases and taking multiple medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 residents
2 : 6 are
3 nursing 4 home
4 home 5 residents
5 residents 6 are
6 are 7 mainly
6 are 13 and
8 older 9 people
9 people 10 with
9 people 13 and
10 with 12 diseases
11 multiple 12 diseases
13 and 16 medications
14 taking 15 multiple
15 multiple 16 medications

the quality use of medication and its association with health related quality of life ( hrqol ) have not been reported in malaysia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 use
2 quality 3 use
3 use 4 of
3 use 6 and
4 of 5 medication
6 and 8 association
6 and 9 with
6 and 18 have
7 its 8 association
9 with 12 quality
10 health 11 related
11 related 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
13 of 14 life
14 life 16 hrqol
15 ( 16 hrqol
16 hrqol 17 )
18 have 19 not
18 have 20 been
20 been 21 reported
21 reported 22 in
22 in 23 malaysia

this study aims to investigate the association between the use of potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) and the changes observed in the hrqol among older nursing home residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 7 association
5 investigate 8 between
6 the 7 association
8 between 10 use
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 14 medications
12 potentially 13 inappropriate
13 inappropriate 14 medications
14 medications 16 pims
15 ( 16 pims
16 pims 17 )
18 and 20 changes
18 and 28 home
19 the 20 changes
20 changes 21 observed
20 changes 28 home
21 observed 22 in
22 in 24 hrqol
23 the 24 hrqol
24 hrqol 25 among
25 among 27 nursing
26 older 27 nursing
28 home 29 residents

methods : a prospective [follow] up study was conducted at four nongovernmental organization nursing homes in penang , malaysia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 13 organization
3 a 4 prospective
3 a 13 organization
4 prospective 7 study
6 up 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 at
10 at 11 four
12 nongovernmental 13 organization
13 organization 14 nursing
14 nursing 15 homes
14 nursing 16 in
16 in 17 penang
18 , 19 malaysia

older residents [(] ≥65 years old ) taking at least one prescribed medication were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ≥65
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 older 2 residents
2 residents 4 ≥65
4 ≥65 5 years
5 years 8 taking
5 years 15 included
6 old 7 )
6 old 8 taking
8 taking 11 one
8 taking 12 prescribed
8 taking 14 were
9 at 10 least
10 least 11 one
11 one 12 prescribed
12 prescribed 13 medication
14 were 15 included

residents with pims were identified by using screening tool of older person 's potentially inappropriate prescriptions ( stopp ) criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 residents 2 with
1 residents 4 were
2 with 3 pims
4 were 5 identified
5 identified 6 by
6 by 7 using
7 using 9 tool
8 screening 9 tool
9 tool 10 of
10 of 20 criteria
11 older 12 person
12 person 13 's
13 's 20 criteria
14 potentially 15 inappropriate
15 inappropriate 20 criteria
16 prescriptions 18 stopp
17 ( 18 stopp
18 stopp 19 )
18 stopp 20 criteria

hrqol was assessed using euroqol - 5 [dimension] ( eq - 5 d ) and euroqol - visual analog scale [(] eq - vas ) at baseline and after a 3 [-] month [follow] up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hrqol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
1 hrqol 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 using
4 using 5 euroqol
5 euroqol 7 5
6 - 7 5
7 5 15 and
7 5 36 .
9 ( 15 and
10 eq 13 d
10 eq 15 and
11 - 13 d
12 5 13 d
13 d 14 )
15 and 16 euroqol
15 and 28 and
15 and 36 .
16 euroqol 22 eq
17 - 22 eq
18 visual 19 analog
19 analog 22 eq
20 scale 22 eq
22 eq 24 vas
22 eq 25 )
23 - 24 vas
24 vas 25 )
26 at 27 baseline
26 at 28 and
28 and 29 after
29 after 33 month
30 a 33 month
31 3 33 month
33 month 35 up

the association of pims with hrqol was analyzed using mann - whitney [u] test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 7 was
3 of 4 pims
4 pims 5 with
5 with 6 hrqol
7 was 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 9 using
9 using 10 mann
11 - 14 test
11 - 15 .
12 whitney 14 test

results : the median age of the 211 participants was 77 years ( interquartile range 72 - 82 years ) and the median number of prescription medicines was four ( interquartile range three to six ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 5 age
2 : 10 was
2 : 21 and
3 the 5 age
4 median 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 10 was
6 of 9 participants
7 the 8 211
8 211 9 participants
10 was 12 years
11 77 12 years
12 years 15 range
12 years 19 years
13 ( 15 range
14 interquartile 15 range
15 range 16 72
15 range 17 -
17 - 19 years
18 82 19 years
19 years 20 )
21 and 24 number
21 and 28 was
22 the 24 number
23 median 24 number
24 number 25 of
24 number 28 was
25 of 27 medicines
26 prescription 27 medicines
28 was 29 four
29 four 32 range
30 ( 32 range
31 interquartile 32 range
32 range 34 to
32 range 36 )
33 three 34 to
34 to 35 six

the prevalence of pims was 23.7 [%] and 18.6 % at baseline and 3 months later , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 was
3 of 4 pims
5 was 10 %
5 was 11 at
5 was 18 respectively
6 23.7 8 and
8 and 9 18.6
8 and 10 %
11 at 13 and
12 baseline 13 and
13 and 15 months
13 and 16 later
14 3 15 months
17 , 18 respectively
18 respectively 19 .

the most commonly prescribed pims in decreasing order were first generation antihistamine , prescriptions of duplicate drug class , glibenclamide with type 2 diabetes mellitus , and anticholinergic to treat extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 5 pims
3 commonly 4 prescribed
4 prescribed 5 pims
5 pims 6 in
5 pims 9 were
6 in 7 decreasing
7 decreasing 8 order
9 were 12 antihistamine
10 first 12 antihistamine
11 generation 12 antihistamine
13 , 27 and
14 prescriptions 15 of
14 prescriptions 27 and
15 of 18 class
16 duplicate 18 class
17 drug 18 class
18 class 20 glibenclamide
19 , 20 glibenclamide
20 glibenclamide 21 with
20 glibenclamide 26 ,
21 with 25 mellitus
22 type 25 mellitus
23 2 24 diabetes
24 diabetes 25 mellitus
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 anticholinergic
27 and 29 to
27 and 34 of
29 to 33 effects
30 treat 33 effects
31 extrapyramidal 32 side
32 side 33 effects
34 of 36 medications
35 neuroleptic 36 medications

at baseline , there was no significant difference among residents [with] or without pims in each bracket of eq - 5 d , eq - 5 d index , or eq - vas scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 at 2 baseline
1 at 3 ,
1 at 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 difference
5 was 12 or
5 was 15 in
6 no 8 difference
7 significant 8 difference
9 among 10 residents
9 among 12 or
12 or 13 without
13 without 14 pims
15 in 17 bracket
16 each 17 bracket
17 bracket 18 of
18 of 19 eq
19 eq 22 d
19 eq 24 eq
20 - 22 d
21 5 22 d
22 d 23 ,
23 , 24 eq
24 eq 25 -
25 - 28 index
25 - 30 or
25 - 35 .
26 5 27 d
27 d 28 index
29 , 30 or
30 or 33 vas
30 or 34 scores
31 eq 33 vas
32 - 33 vas
33 vas 34 scores

comparison of the differences in the mean score index of [eq] - 5 d between baseline and after 3 months also showed no statistically significant differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 comparison 2 of
1 comparison 5 in
1 comparison 22 showed
2 of 4 differences
3 the 4 differences
5 in 9 index
6 the 9 index
7 mean 8 score
8 score 9 index
9 index 10 of
10 of 14 d
12 - 13 5
13 5 14 d
14 d 17 and
15 between 16 baseline
15 between 17 and
17 and 18 after
18 after 20 months
19 3 20 months
21 also 22 showed
22 showed 26 differences
23 no 26 differences
24 statistically 25 significant
25 significant 26 differences

conclusion : pims were found to be relatively common among older nursing home residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 pims
2 : 7 be
2 : 15 .
3 pims 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 9 common
8 relatively 9 common
9 common 10 among
10 among 14 residents
11 older 12 nursing
12 nursing 14 residents
13 home 14 residents

however , no significant changes were observed in hrqol among these residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 changes
3 no 5 changes
4 significant 5 changes
5 changes 6 were
6 were 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
7 observed 10 among
8 in 9 hrqol
10 among 12 residents
11 these 12 residents

further studies with a bigger sample size and longer [follow] up period are required to establish this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 with
2 studies 13 are
3 with 12 period
4 a 12 period
5 bigger 6 sample
6 sample 7 size
7 size 8 and
8 and 9 longer
8 and 12 period
11 up 12 period
13 are 14 required
14 required 15 to
14 required 16 establish
15 to 16 establish
16 establish 18 association
17 this 18 association

objective : brain damage within the right middle cerebral artery ( mca ) territory is particularly disruptive to mediolateral postural stabilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 damage
3 brain 4 damage
4 damage 5 within
4 damage 14 territory
4 damage 15 is
4 damage 17 disruptive
5 within 10 artery
6 the 10 artery
7 right 8 middle
8 middle 10 artery
9 cerebral 10 artery
10 artery 12 mca
11 ( 12 mca
12 mca 13 )
14 territory 15 is
16 particularly 17 disruptive
17 disruptive 18 to
18 to 21 stabilization
19 mediolateral 21 stabilization
20 postural 21 stabilization

the objective of this cross [-] sectional study was to test the hypothesis that chronic right mca infarcts ( as compared to left ) [are] associated with slower and more bilaterally asymmetrical gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 29 and
3 of 5 cross
4 this 5 cross
5 cross 8 study
5 cross 11 test
7 sectional 8 study
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 test
10 to 11 test
11 test 13 hypothesis
11 test 28 slower
12 the 13 hypothesis
13 hypothesis 14 that
13 hypothesis 27 with
14 that 16 right
14 that 23 left
15 chronic 16 right
16 right 17 mca
16 right 22 to
16 right 23 left
17 mca 18 infarcts
18 infarcts 20 as
19 ( 20 as
20 as 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
23 left 24 )
23 left 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
29 and 33 gait
30 more 31 bilaterally
31 bilaterally 32 asymmetrical
32 asymmetrical 33 gait

we further hypothesized that in those with chronic right mca [infarct] , locomotor performance is more dependent on gray matter ( gm ) volumes within noninfarcted regions of the brain that are involved in motor control yet lie outside of the mca territory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 lie
1 we 3 hypothesized
2 further 3 hypothesized
3 hypothesized 4 that
4 that 14 performance
4 that 38 lie
5 in 6 those
5 in 12 ,
5 in 14 performance
6 those 7 with
7 with 10 mca
8 chronic 10 mca
9 right 10 mca
13 locomotor 14 performance
14 performance 15 is
15 is 17 dependent
16 more 17 dependent
17 dependent 18 on
18 on 20 matter
19 gray 20 matter
20 matter 22 gm
21 ( 22 gm
22 gm 23 )
24 volumes 25 within
24 volumes 28 of
24 volumes 31 that
24 volumes 32 are
24 volumes 38 lie
25 within 27 regions
26 noninfarcted 27 regions
28 of 30 brain
29 the 30 brain
31 that 32 are
32 are 33 involved
33 involved 34 in
34 in 36 control
35 motor 36 control
37 yet 38 lie
38 lie 40 of
38 lie 44 .
39 outside 40 of
40 of 43 territory
41 the 43 territory
42 mca 43 territory

methods : gait speed was assessed in 19 subjects with right mca infarct , 20 with left mca infarct , and [108] controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 gait
2 : 6 assessed
2 : 14 ,
2 : 24 .
3 gait 4 speed
3 gait 5 was
3 gait 6 assessed
4 speed 5 was
6 assessed 7 in
6 assessed 10 with
6 assessed 12 mca
6 assessed 13 infarct
7 in 9 subjects
8 19 9 subjects
10 with 11 right
12 mca 13 infarct
14 , 15 20
14 , 21 and
15 20 16 with
15 20 21 and
16 with 18 mca
17 left 18 mca
19 infarct 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 controls

bilateral plantar pressure and temporal symmetry ratios were calculated in a subset of the cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 bilateral 3 pressure
2 plantar 3 pressure
3 pressure 4 and
4 and 7 ratios
4 and 8 were
5 temporal 6 symmetry
6 symmetry 7 ratios
8 were 9 calculated
9 calculated 10 in
10 in 12 subset
11 a 12 subset
12 subset 13 of
13 of 15 cohort
14 the 15 cohort

gm volumes within 5 regions outside of the mca territory ( superior parietal [lobe] , precuneus , caudate , putamen , and cerebellum ) were quantified from anatomic mris . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 volumes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 gm 2 volumes
2 volumes 3 within
2 volumes 16 precuneus
2 volumes 18 caudate
2 volumes 25 were
3 within 5 regions
4 5 5 regions
5 regions 6 outside
5 regions 7 of
7 of 10 territory
8 the 10 territory
9 mca 10 territory
11 ( 16 precuneus
12 superior 16 precuneus
13 parietal 15 ,
13 parietal 16 precuneus
16 precuneus 17 ,
17 , 18 caudate
18 caudate 22 and
18 caudate 24 )
19 , 22 and
20 putamen 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 cerebellum
22 and 24 )
25 were 26 quantified
26 quantified 27 from
27 from 29 mris
28 anatomic 29 mris

results : right and left [infarct] groups had similar poststroke duration ( 7.6 ± 6.0 years ) , infarct size , and functional independence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 right
4 and 7 groups
4 and 18 ,
5 left 7 groups
7 groups 18 ,
8 had 11 duration
8 had 18 ,
9 similar 11 duration
10 poststroke 11 duration
11 duration 16 years
12 ( 16 years
13 7.6 16 years
14 ± 16 years
15 6.0 16 years
16 years 17 )
18 , 19 infarct
19 infarct 22 and
20 size 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 independence
23 functional 24 independence

the right [infarct] group demonstrated slower gait speed and greater asymmetry compared to the left infarct group and controls ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 group
2 right 4 group
4 group 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 6 slower
5 demonstrated 9 and
5 demonstrated 16 infarct
7 gait 8 speed
8 speed 9 and
9 and 11 asymmetry
9 and 12 compared
9 and 16 infarct
10 greater 11 asymmetry
12 compared 13 to
13 to 15 left
14 the 15 left
16 infarct 18 and
16 infarct 22 <
17 group 18 and
18 and 19 controls
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.05
22 < 24 )

in the right infarct [group] only , those with larger gm volumes within the cerebellum [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.32 , p = 0.02 ) and caudate [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.56 , p < 0.001 ) exhibited faster gait speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 infarct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 in 3 right
1 in 4 infarct
2 the 3 right
4 infarct 6 only
7 , 28 and
7 , 42 exhibited
8 those 9 with
8 those 28 and
9 with 12 volumes
10 larger 12 volumes
11 gm 12 volumes
12 volumes 13 within
13 within 15 cerebellum
14 the 15 cerebellum
15 cerebellum 21 )(=
15 cerebellum 25 =
17 r 21 )(=
18 ( 21 )(=
19 2 21 )(=
21 )(= 22 0.32
21 )(= 23 ,
23 , 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.02
25 = 27 )
28 and 29 caudate
28 and 35 )(=
28 and 39 <
28 and 42 exhibited
31 r 35 )(=
32 ( 35 )(=
33 2 35 )(=
35 )(= 36 0.56
35 )(= 37 ,
37 , 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.001
39 < 41 )
42 exhibited 45 speed
43 faster 44 gait
44 gait 45 speed

conclusion : individuals with chronic lesions within the right mca territory , as compared to the left mca territory , exhibit slower , more asymmetrical gait . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 20 ,
3 individuals 4 with
4 with 6 lesions
5 chronic 6 lesions
6 lesions 7 within
6 lesions 15 to
7 within 11 territory
8 the 11 territory
9 right 11 territory
10 mca 11 territory
11 territory 14 compared
12 , 14 compared
13 as 14 compared
15 to 19 territory
16 the 19 territory
17 left 19 territory
18 mca 19 territory
20 , 26 gait
21 exhibit 26 gait
22 slower 23 ,
22 slower 26 gait
24 more 25 asymmetrical
25 asymmetrical 26 gait

for these individuals , larger gm volumes within regions outside of the [infarcted] vascular territory may help preserve locomotor control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 volumes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 for 3 individuals
1 for 4 ,
1 for 7 volumes
2 these 3 individuals
5 larger 7 volumes
6 gm 7 volumes
7 volumes 8 within
7 volumes 16 may
8 within 9 regions
9 regions 10 outside
9 regions 11 of
11 of 15 territory
12 the 15 territory
14 vascular 15 territory
16 may 17 help
17 help 18 preserve
18 preserve 20 control
19 locomotor 20 control

introduction : [non] - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is related to unhealthy habits , mainly to unfavorable dietary profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 -
2 : 13 related
4 - 8 disease
5 alcoholic 6 fatty
6 fatty 7 liver
7 liver 8 disease
8 disease 10 nafld
8 disease 12 is
9 ( 10 nafld
10 nafld 11 )
12 is 13 related
13 related 14 to
14 to 16 habits
15 unhealthy 16 habits
16 habits 19 to
17 , 18 mainly
17 , 19 to
19 to 22 profiles
19 to 23 .
20 unfavorable 22 profiles
21 dietary 22 profiles

mthfr [gene] encodes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase , a regulatory enzyme whose polymorphisms are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mthfr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 encodes
1 mthfr 3 encodes
3 encodes 5 reductase
4 methylenetetrahydrofolate 5 reductase
5 reductase 9 enzyme
6 , 9 enzyme
7 a 8 regulatory
7 a 9 enzyme
8 regulatory 9 enzyme
9 enzyme 10 whose
9 enzyme 16 .
10 whose 11 polymorphisms
11 polymorphisms 12 are
12 are 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 hyperhomocysteinemia

among polymorphisms , c677t , a thermolabile form , but not a1298c , [thermostable] , was associated with fatty liver and insulin resistance . 
1 among 2 polymorphisms
1 among 3 ,
1 among 4 c677t
4 c677t 8 form
4 c677t 16 was
5 , 8 form
6 a 8 form
7 thermolabile 8 form
8 form 10 but
8 form 15 ,
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 not
10 but 12 a1298c
10 but 13 ,
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 and
19 fatty 20 liver
20 liver 21 and
21 and 23 resistance
21 and 24 .
22 insulin 23 resistance

aim : to investigate if nafld , in subjects referred for nutritional assessment and counselling , has any difference of prevalence and severity when associated with isolated mthfr a1298c polymorphism [and] hyperhomocysteinemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 if
4 investigate 24 when
5 if 6 nafld
5 if 17 has
6 nafld 8 in
6 nafld 17 has
7 , 8 in
8 in 14 and
8 in 16 ,
9 subjects 10 referred
9 subjects 11 for
9 subjects 14 and
11 for 13 assessment
12 nutritional 13 assessment
14 and 15 counselling
17 has 19 difference
18 any 19 difference
19 difference 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 prevalence 22 and
22 and 23 severity
24 when 25 associated
25 associated 26 with
26 with 32 hyperhomocysteinemia
27 isolated 30 polymorphism
28 mthfr 29 a1298c
29 a1298c 30 polymorphism
30 polymorphism 32 hyperhomocysteinemia

insulin resistance was assessed by homa - ir , nafld by ultrasound brigh - liver - score ( bls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 insulin 2 resistance
2 resistance 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
5 by 6 homa
7 - 8 ir
8 ir 10 nafld
9 , 10 nafld
10 nafld 11 by
10 nafld 20 )
11 by 13 brigh
12 ultrasound 13 brigh
13 brigh 15 liver
13 brigh 19 bls
14 - 15 liver
15 liver 16 -
16 - 19 bls
17 score 19 bls
18 ( 19 bls
19 bls 20 )

results : mthfr subgroups ( wild and a1298c single polymorphism ) were not different for age , gender , dietary profile and bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 subgroups
2 : 12 were
3 mthfr 4 subgroups
4 subgroups 7 and
4 subgroups 12 were
5 ( 7 and
6 wild 7 and
7 and 10 polymorphism
7 and 11 )
8 a1298c 10 polymorphism
9 single 10 polymorphism
12 were 13 not
12 were 14 different
13 not 14 different
14 different 15 for
15 for 22 and
16 age 17 ,
17 , 18 gender
17 , 19 ,
19 , 21 profile
19 , 22 and
20 dietary 21 profile
22 and 23 bmi

in nafld , mthfr 1298ac [(] [heterozygous] [ )( . homozygous wild [genotype] ( mthfr 1298aa ) patients had more severe nafld ( bls [:] 1.12 ± 1.14 vs [.] 0.54 ± 0.76 , p < 0.029 ) , greater insulin resistance [(] homa 3.20±2.35 vs [.] 2.12 ± 1.12 [;] p < 0.036 [ )(, higher [ast] [and] gammagt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 1298ac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 in 2 nafld
2 nafld 4 mthfr
3 , 4 mthfr
4 mthfr 5 1298ac
10 . 18 patients
10 . 19 had
11 homozygous 18 patients
12 wild 16 1298aa
12 wild 18 patients
14 ( 16 1298aa
15 mthfr 16 1298aa
16 1298aa 17 )
18 patients 19 had
19 had 27 ±
20 more 21 severe
21 severe 27 ±
22 nafld 24 bls
23 ( 24 bls
24 bls 27 ±
26 1.12 27 ±
27 ± 28 1.14
27 ± 29 vs
29 vs 41 insulin
31 0.54 41 insulin
32 ± 36 <
32 ± 39 ,
32 ± 41 insulin
33 0.76 36 <
34 , 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 0.029
36 < 38 )
40 greater 41 insulin
41 insulin 44 homa
41 insulin 45 3.20±2.35
41 insulin 46 vs
42 resistance 44 homa
44 homa 45 3.20±2.35
46 vs 49 ±
48 2.12 49 ±
49 ± 50 1.12
49 ± 53 <
52 p 53 <
53 < 54 0.036
54 0.036 60 gammagt
56 )(, 60 gammagt
57 higher 60 gammagt
60 gammagt 61 .

conclusions : mthfr1298ac gene heterozygous polymorphisms can be weakly predictive for nafld severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 polymorphisms
2 : 8 be
2 : 14 .
3 mthfr1298ac 6 polymorphisms
4 gene 6 polymorphisms
5 heterozygous 6 polymorphisms
6 polymorphisms 7 can
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 weakly
8 be 10 predictive
10 predictive 11 for
11 for 13 severity
12 nafld 13 severity

this mutation occurs frequently in populations with low prevalence of overall mortality and [of] atherosclerosis - associated disease : it could have maintained and maintain its persistence by an heterozygosis advantage mechanism , within significant adherence [to] healthy nutritional profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
1 this 2 mutation
2 mutation 3 occurs
3 occurs 4 frequently
3 occurs 5 in
3 occurs 7 with
5 in 6 populations
7 with 9 prevalence
8 low 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
9 prevalence 20 it
9 prevalence 22 have
10 of 13 and
11 overall 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 and
13 and 15 atherosclerosis
13 and 16 -
13 and 17 associated
13 and 18 disease
13 and 19 :
18 disease 19 :
20 it 21 could
21 could 22 have
22 have 24 and
23 maintained 24 and
24 and 25 maintain
24 and 27 persistence
26 its 27 persistence
27 persistence 28 by
27 persistence 34 within
28 by 32 mechanism
29 an 32 mechanism
30 heterozygosis 32 mechanism
31 advantage 32 mechanism
33 , 34 within
34 within 40 profiles
34 within 41 .
35 significant 36 adherence
36 adherence 40 profiles
38 healthy 40 profiles
39 nutritional 40 profiles

interactions of nutrition , genetics and health are a part of the aging process throughout the life span and a greater consideration to the genetic characteristics of populations and individuals is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 interactions 2 of
1 interactions 4 ,
2 of 3 nutrition
4 , 5 genetics
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 health
6 and 8 are
8 are 10 part
8 are 15 throughout
9 a 10 part
10 part 11 of
11 of 14 process
12 the 14 process
13 aging 14 process
15 throughout 18 span
16 the 18 span
17 life 18 span
19 and 22 consideration
19 and 32 warranted
20 a 22 consideration
21 greater 22 consideration
22 consideration 23 to
22 consideration 31 is
23 to 26 characteristics
24 the 26 characteristics
25 genetic 26 characteristics
26 characteristics 27 of
27 of 29 and
28 populations 29 and
29 and 30 individuals
31 is 32 warranted

purpose : survivors of childhood cancer are at an increased risk of developing subsequent neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 survivors
2 : 7 are
2 : 16 .
3 survivors 4 of
3 survivors 7 are
4 of 6 cancer
5 childhood 6 cancer
7 are 8 at
8 at 11 risk
9 an 11 risk
10 increased 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 13 developing
13 developing 15 neoplasms
14 subsequent 15 neoplasms

in long - term survivors of childhood malignancies treated with and without cranial radiation therapy ( crt ) , undergoing unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) of the brain , we estimated detection of intracranial neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 5 survivors
1 in 11 and
2 long 3 -
2 long 4 term
4 term 5 survivors
5 survivors 6 of
6 of 7 childhood
7 childhood 8 malignancies
7 childhood 10 with
8 malignancies 9 treated
9 treated 10 with
11 and 12 without
11 and 27 )
11 and 32 we
12 without 15 therapy
13 cranial 14 radiation
14 radiation 15 therapy
15 therapy 17 crt
15 therapy 20 undergoing
16 ( 17 crt
17 crt 18 )
19 , 20 undergoing
20 undergoing 24 imaging
20 undergoing 27 )
21 unenhanced 23 resonance
22 magnetic 23 resonance
23 resonance 24 imaging
24 imaging 26 mri
25 ( 26 mri
26 mri 27 )
28 of 30 brain
28 of 31 ,
28 of 32 we
29 the 30 brain
32 we 33 estimated
33 estimated 34 detection
34 detection 35 of
35 of 37 neoplasms
36 intracranial 37 neoplasms

methods : to investigate neurocognitive outcomes , 219 survivors of childhood cancer underwent unenhanced screening mri of the brain . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 outcomes
5 neurocognitive 6 outcomes
6 outcomes 9 survivors
7 , 9 survivors
8 219 9 survivors
9 survivors 10 of
9 survivors 14 unenhanced
9 survivors 15 screening
9 survivors 20 .
10 of 11 childhood
11 childhood 12 cancer
11 childhood 13 underwent
12 cancer 13 underwent
15 screening 16 mri
16 mri 17 of
17 of 19 brain
18 the 19 brain

of the survivors , 164 had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) ( 125 received crt ) and [55] for hodgkin lymphoma ( hl ) ( none received crt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 164
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 of 3 survivors
1 of 4 ,
1 of 5 164
2 the 3 survivors
5 164 6 had
6 had 7 been
7 been 8 treated
8 treated 21 and
9 for 12 leukemia
9 for 21 and
10 acute 12 leukemia
11 lymphoblastic 12 leukemia
12 leukemia 14 all
12 leukemia 18 received
13 ( 14 all
14 all 15 )
16 ( 18 received
17 125 18 received
18 received 19 crt
18 received 20 )
21 and 23 for
23 for 25 lymphoma
24 hodgkin 25 lymphoma
25 lymphoma 27 hl
25 lymphoma 31 received
26 ( 27 hl
27 hl 28 )
29 ( 31 received
30 none 31 received
31 received 32 crt
31 received 33 )

mri examinations were reviewed and systematically coded by a single neuroradiologist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 mri 2 examinations
2 examinations 3 were
3 were 5 and
4 reviewed 5 and
5 and 7 coded
5 and 8 by
6 systematically 7 coded
8 by 11 neuroradiologist
9 a 10 single
9 a 11 neuroradiologist
10 single 11 neuroradiologist

demographic and treatment characteristics were compared for survivors [with] and without subsequent neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 demographic 2 and
2 and 4 characteristics
2 and 5 were
3 treatment 4 characteristics
5 were 6 compared
6 compared 10 and
7 for 8 survivors
7 for 10 and
10 and 11 without
11 without 13 neoplasms
12 subsequent 13 neoplasms

results : nineteen of the 219 survivors ( 8.7 % ) had a total of 31 subsequent intracranial neoplasms identified by neuroimaging at a median time of 25 years ( range 12 - 46 years ) from diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 nineteen
2 : 12 had
2 : 39 .
3 nineteen 4 of
3 nineteen 10 %
3 nineteen 12 had
4 of 7 survivors
5 the 6 219
6 219 7 survivors
8 ( 10 %
9 8.7 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 had 14 total
12 had 21 by
13 a 14 total
14 total 15 of
14 total 20 identified
15 of 19 neoplasms
16 31 19 neoplasms
17 subsequent 19 neoplasms
18 intracranial 19 neoplasms
21 by 22 neuroimaging
22 neuroimaging 23 at
23 at 26 time
24 a 26 time
25 median 26 time
26 time 27 of
26 time 37 from
27 of 29 years
28 25 29 years
29 years 31 range
30 ( 31 range
31 range 32 12
31 range 35 years
31 range 36 )
33 - 35 years
34 46 35 years
35 years 36 )
37 from 38 diagnosis

all neoplasms occurred after crt , except for a single vestibular schwannoma within the cervical radiation field in a hl survivor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neoplasms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurred
1 all 2 neoplasms
2 neoplasms 3 occurred
3 occurred 4 after
4 after 5 crt
5 crt 7 except
6 , 7 except
7 except 8 for
7 except 22 .
8 for 12 schwannoma
9 a 10 single
9 a 12 schwannoma
10 single 12 schwannoma
11 vestibular 12 schwannoma
12 schwannoma 13 within
13 within 17 field
14 the 17 field
15 cervical 16 radiation
16 radiation 17 field
17 field 18 in
18 in 21 survivor
19 a 21 survivor
20 hl 21 survivor

the prevalence of subsequent neoplasms after crt exposure was 14.4 % ( 18 of 125 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 9 was
3 of 5 neoplasms
4 subsequent 5 neoplasms
5 neoplasms 6 after
6 after 8 exposure
7 crt 8 exposure
9 was 11 %
10 14.4 11 %
11 % 13 18
12 ( 13 18
13 18 14 of
13 18 16 )
14 of 15 125

by noncontrast mri , intracranial neoplasms were most suggestive [of] meningiomas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 neoplasms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 by 2 noncontrast
1 by 6 neoplasms
3 mri 4 ,
3 mri 6 neoplasms
5 intracranial 6 neoplasms
6 neoplasms 7 were
7 were 11 meningiomas
8 most 9 suggestive
9 suggestive 11 meningiomas

most patients presented with no specific , localizing neurological complaints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 most 2 patients
2 patients 3 presented
3 presented 4 with
3 presented 10 complaints
4 with 8 localizing
5 no 8 localizing
6 specific 7 ,
6 specific 8 localizing
9 neurological 10 complaints

in addition to the schwannoma , six tumors were resected based on results of mri screening , all of which were meningiomas on histologic review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 17 ,
1 in 18 all
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 7 six
3 to 5 schwannoma
4 the 5 schwannoma
6 , 7 six
7 six 8 tumors
7 six 9 were
7 six 10 resected
7 six 11 based
7 six 17 ,
8 tumors 9 were
11 based 12 on
12 on 13 results
13 results 14 of
14 of 16 screening
15 mri 16 screening
18 all 19 of
18 all 21 were
19 of 20 which
21 were 22 meningiomas
22 meningiomas 23 on
23 on 25 review
24 histologic 25 review

conclusion : unenhanced brain mri of long - term survivors of childhood cancer detected a substantial number of intracranial neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 mri
2 : 14 detected
2 : 21 .
3 unenhanced 5 mri
4 brain 5 mri
5 mri 6 of
5 mri 14 detected
6 of 10 survivors
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 10 survivors
10 survivors 11 of
11 of 13 cancer
12 childhood 13 cancer
14 detected 17 number
15 a 16 substantial
15 a 17 number
16 substantial 17 number
17 number 18 of
18 of 20 neoplasms
19 intracranial 20 neoplasms

screening for early detection of intracranial neoplasms among aging survivors of childhood cancer who received crt should be evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 screening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 screening 2 for
1 screening 5 of
1 screening 17 should
2 for 4 detection
3 early 4 detection
5 of 7 neoplasms
6 intracranial 7 neoplasms
7 neoplasms 8 among
7 neoplasms 11 of
8 among 9 aging
9 aging 10 survivors
11 of 13 cancer
12 childhood 13 cancer
13 cancer 14 who
13 cancer 15 received
14 who 15 received
15 received 16 crt
17 should 18 be
18 be 19 evaluated

implications for cancer survivors : the high prevalence of incidentally detected subsequent intracranial neoplasms after crt in long - term survivors of childhood cancer and the minimal symptoms reported by those with intracranial tumors in our study indicate that brain mri screening of long - term survivors who received crt may be warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 survivors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 implications 2 for
2 for 3 cancer
3 cancer 4 survivors
5 : 8 prevalence
5 : 25 and
6 the 8 prevalence
7 high 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 22 of
9 of 14 neoplasms
10 incidentally 11 detected
11 detected 14 neoplasms
12 subsequent 14 neoplasms
13 intracranial 14 neoplasms
14 neoplasms 15 after
15 after 16 crt
16 crt 17 in
17 in 21 survivors
18 long 19 -
18 long 20 term
20 term 21 survivors
22 of 24 cancer
23 childhood 24 cancer
25 and 28 symptoms
25 and 38 indicate
26 the 28 symptoms
27 minimal 28 symptoms
28 symptoms 29 reported
28 symptoms 38 indicate
29 reported 30 by
29 reported 32 with
30 by 31 those
32 with 34 tumors
33 intracranial 34 tumors
34 tumors 35 in
35 in 37 study
36 our 37 study
38 indicate 39 that
39 that 42 screening
39 that 53 warranted
40 brain 42 screening
41 mri 42 screening
42 screening 43 of
42 screening 51 may
43 of 47 survivors
44 long 45 -
44 long 46 term
46 term 47 survivors
47 survivors 48 who
47 survivors 49 received
48 who 49 received
49 received 50 crt
51 may 52 be
52 be 53 warranted

prospective studies of such screening are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 prospective 2 studies
2 studies 3 of
2 studies 6 are
3 of 5 screening
4 such 5 screening
6 are 7 needed

as society ages , aging medical problems such as organ damage or failure among senior citizens increases , raising the demand for organ repair technologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 increases
1 as 2 society
1 as 3 ages
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 aging
2 society 3 ages
5 aging 7 problems
5 aging 14 among
5 aging 17 increases
6 medical 7 problems
7 problems 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 12 or
10 organ 11 damage
11 damage 12 or
12 or 13 failure
14 among 16 citizens
15 senior 16 citizens
17 increases 19 raising
18 , 19 raising
19 raising 21 demand
19 raising 26 .
20 the 21 demand
21 demand 22 for
22 for 25 technologies
23 organ 25 technologies
24 repair 25 technologies

synthetic materials have been developed and applied in various parts [of] human [body] to meet the biomedical needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 materials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 meet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 synthetic 2 materials
2 materials 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 6 and
5 developed 6 and
6 and 7 applied
7 applied 8 in
8 in 10 parts
9 various 10 parts
10 parts 12 human
12 human 14 to
14 to 15 meet
15 meet 18 needs
16 the 18 needs
17 biomedical 18 needs

hydrogels , in particular , have found extensive applications as wound healing , drug delivery and controlled release , and scaffold materials in the human body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hydrogels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 hydrogels 4 particular
1 hydrogels 6 have
2 , 4 particular
3 in 4 particular
4 particular 5 ,
6 have 7 found
7 found 9 applications
7 found 10 as
8 extensive 9 applications
10 as 20 and
11 wound 12 healing
12 healing 13 ,
13 , 15 delivery
13 , 16 and
14 drug 15 delivery
16 and 18 release
16 and 20 and
17 controlled 18 release
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 materials
20 and 23 in
21 scaffold 22 materials
23 in 26 body
24 the 26 body
25 human 26 body

the development of the next generation of soft hydrogel biomaterials focuses on facile synthetic methods , efficacy of treatment , and tunable multi - functionalities for applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 biomaterials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 10 biomaterials
3 of 6 generation
4 the 5 next
4 the 6 generation
6 generation 7 of
7 of 9 hydrogel
8 soft 9 hydrogel
10 biomaterials 11 focuses
10 biomaterials 12 on
10 biomaterials 26 for
12 on 21 and
13 facile 15 methods
14 synthetic 15 methods
15 methods 16 ,
16 , 17 efficacy
16 , 21 and
17 efficacy 18 of
18 of 19 treatment
20 , 21 and
21 and 25 functionalities
22 tunable 25 functionalities
23 multi 24 -
23 multi 25 functionalities
26 for 27 applications

supramolecular 3 d entities are highly attractive materials for biomedical application . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 entities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 supramolecular 4 entities
2 3 3 d
3 d 4 entities
4 entities 5 are
5 are 8 materials
6 highly 7 attractive
7 attractive 8 materials
8 materials 9 for
9 for 11 application
10 biomedical 11 application

they are assembled by modules via various [non] - covalent bonds ( hydrogen bonds , p - p stacking [and/or] van der waals interactions ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assembled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 assembled
3 assembled 4 by
3 assembled 6 via
4 by 5 modules
6 via 11 bonds
7 various 9 -
7 various 11 bonds
10 covalent 11 bonds
11 bonds 14 bonds
11 bonds 24 interactions
12 ( 14 bonds
13 hydrogen 14 bonds
14 bonds 15 ,
15 , 24 interactions
16 p 17 -
17 - 18 p
17 - 24 interactions
19 stacking 24 interactions
21 van 24 interactions
22 der 23 waals
23 waals 24 interactions
24 interactions 25 )

biodegradable thermogels are a class of such supramolecular assembled materials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thermogels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 biodegradable 2 thermogels
2 thermogels 3 are
3 are 5 class
4 a 5 class
5 class 6 of
6 of 10 materials
7 such 10 materials
8 supramolecular 10 materials
9 assembled 10 materials

their use as soft biomaterials and their related applications are described in this review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 their 2 use
2 use 3 as
2 use 6 and
3 as 5 biomaterials
4 soft 5 biomaterials
6 and 9 applications
6 and 10 are
7 their 9 applications
8 related 9 applications
10 are 11 described
11 described 12 in
12 in 14 review
13 this 14 review

future directions in the advancement and refinement of facial rejuvenation techniques represent a response to patient demand for higher aesthetic impact with less procedural downtime and with minimal scarring as evidence of previous surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 future 2 directions
2 directions 3 in
2 directions 8 of
2 directions 12 represent
3 in 6 and
4 the 5 advancement
5 advancement 6 and
6 and 7 refinement
8 of 11 techniques
9 facial 10 rejuvenation
10 rejuvenation 11 techniques
12 represent 14 response
12 represent 30 as
13 a 14 response
14 response 15 to
15 to 17 demand
16 patient 17 demand
17 demand 26 and
18 for 21 impact
18 for 26 and
19 higher 21 impact
20 aesthetic 21 impact
21 impact 22 with
22 with 25 downtime
23 less 25 downtime
24 procedural 25 downtime
26 and 27 with
27 with 29 scarring
28 minimal 29 scarring
30 as 31 evidence
31 evidence 32 of
32 of 34 surgery
33 previous 34 surgery

with surgical procedures , the trend of innovation in response to demand has been toward more minimally invasive approaches that have the predictability and durability of results of more traditional approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 with 3 procedures
1 with 4 ,
1 with 6 trend
2 surgical 3 procedures
5 the 6 trend
6 trend 7 of
6 trend 11 to
6 trend 13 has
7 of 8 innovation
8 innovation 10 response
9 in 10 response
11 to 12 demand
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 toward
15 toward 19 approaches
16 more 19 approaches
17 minimally 18 invasive
18 invasive 19 approaches
19 approaches 20 that
19 approaches 21 have
20 that 21 have
21 have 24 and
22 the 24 and
23 predictability 24 and
24 and 25 durability
24 and 26 of
26 of 27 results
27 results 28 of
28 of 31 approaches
29 more 30 traditional
30 traditional 31 approaches

with nonsurgical procedures , there have been new developments in achieving more significant aesthetic improvements with less downtime and less invasively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 with 3 procedures
1 with 4 ,
1 with 5 there
2 nonsurgical 3 procedures
5 there 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 9 developments
7 been 21 invasively
8 new 9 developments
9 developments 10 in
10 in 11 achieving
11 achieving 15 improvements
11 achieving 19 and
12 more 15 improvements
13 significant 15 improvements
14 aesthetic 15 improvements
15 improvements 16 with
16 with 17 less
18 downtime 19 and
19 and 20 less

the ephemeral effects of neurotoxins and fillers are well described for facial remodeling and rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 effects
2 ephemeral 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 8 are
4 of 6 and
5 neurotoxins 6 and
6 and 7 fillers
8 are 9 well
8 are 10 described
10 described 11 for
11 for 14 and
12 facial 13 remodeling
13 remodeling 14 and
14 and 15 rejuvenation

less is known about their long - term effects on skin rejuvenation and neocollagenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 less 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
3 known 10 on
4 about 9 effects
5 their 9 effects
6 long 7 -
6 long 8 term
8 term 9 effects
10 on 13 and
11 skin 12 rejuvenation
12 rejuvenation 13 and
13 and 14 neocollagenesis

this article aims to review current available science and literature to support the use of these cosmetic procedures as lasting antiaging treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 11 to
3 aims 12 support
4 to 5 review
5 review 9 and
6 current 8 science
7 available 8 science
8 science 9 and
9 and 10 literature
11 to 12 support
12 support 14 use
12 support 19 as
13 the 14 use
14 use 15 of
15 of 18 procedures
16 these 18 procedures
17 cosmetic 18 procedures
19 as 22 treatments
20 lasting 22 treatments
21 antiaging 22 treatments

radiofrequency ( rf ) and intense focused ultrasound ( ifus ) are increasingly used to address skin laxity of the face and neck . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 radiofrequency 3 rf
2 ( 3 rf
3 rf 4 )
3 rf 5 and
5 and 8 ultrasound
5 and 10 ifus
5 and 12 are
6 intense 8 ultrasound
7 focused 8 ultrasound
9 ( 10 ifus
10 ifus 11 )
12 are 14 used
13 increasingly 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 22 and
15 to 22 and
16 address 18 laxity
16 address 22 and
17 skin 18 laxity
18 laxity 19 of
19 of 21 face
20 the 21 face
22 and 23 neck

both nonablative rf and ultrasound create a heat [-] induced tissue response that leads to collagen remodeling and other ultrastructural changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 create
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 both 3 rf
2 nonablative 3 rf
3 rf 4 and
4 and 5 ultrasound
4 and 6 create
6 create 12 response
6 create 15 to
7 a 8 heat
7 a 12 response
8 heat 12 response
10 induced 11 tissue
11 tissue 12 response
12 response 13 that
12 response 14 leads
13 that 14 leads
15 to 18 and
16 collagen 17 remodeling
17 remodeling 18 and
18 and 21 changes
19 other 21 changes
20 ultrastructural 21 changes

although these treatments are not meant to replace surgical procedures , patient satisfaction in the majority of studies has been consistently high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 satisfaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 treatments
1 although 6 meant
1 although 11 ,
1 although 13 satisfaction
2 these 3 treatments
3 treatments 4 are
4 are 5 not
4 are 6 meant
6 meant 7 to
7 to 8 replace
8 replace 10 procedures
9 surgical 10 procedures
12 patient 13 satisfaction
13 satisfaction 14 in
13 satisfaction 19 has
14 in 18 studies
15 the 16 majority
16 majority 17 of
16 majority 18 studies
17 of 18 studies
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 consistently
20 been 22 high

this article discusses the various rf and ifus technologies currently in use and reviews pertinent clinical studies evaluating their efficacy and safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 13 and
2 article 18 evaluating
2 article 21 and
3 discusses 9 technologies
3 discusses 10 currently
3 discusses 11 in
3 discusses 13 and
4 the 9 technologies
5 various 9 technologies
6 rf 7 and
7 and 8 ifus
8 ifus 9 technologies
11 in 12 use
13 and 14 reviews
14 reviews 17 studies
15 pertinent 17 studies
16 clinical 17 studies
18 evaluating 20 efficacy
19 their 20 efficacy
21 and 22 safety

for many patients , sun damage , trauma , prior cutaneous carcinomas , and aging have created a less [than] optimal skin appearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 for 3 patients
1 for 14 and
2 many 3 patients
3 patients 6 damage
4 , 6 damage
5 sun 6 damage
6 damage 7 ,
8 trauma 9 ,
9 , 12 carcinomas
9 , 14 and
10 prior 12 carcinomas
11 cutaneous 12 carcinomas
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 aging
14 and 16 have
16 have 17 created
17 created 23 appearance
18 a 23 appearance
19 less 21 optimal
21 optimal 22 skin
22 skin 23 appearance

there are currently multiple forms of ablative therapy to correct such concerns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 currently
2 are 5 forms
2 are 9 to
4 multiple 5 forms
5 forms 6 of
6 of 8 therapy
7 ablative 8 therapy
9 to 10 correct
10 correct 12 concerns
11 such 12 concerns

dermabrasion is a form of resurfacing that mechanically alters the skin at the level of the dermis [,] to promote collagen remodeling and re - epithelialization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dermabrasion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 dermabrasion 2 is
2 is 4 form
3 a 4 form
4 form 5 of
4 form 7 that
4 form 9 alters
5 of 6 resurfacing
7 that 9 alters
8 mechanically 9 alters
9 alters 11 skin
9 alters 23 and
10 the 11 skin
12 at 14 level
12 at 23 and
13 the 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 17 dermis
16 the 17 dermis
17 dermis 19 to
17 dermis 22 remodeling
19 to 20 promote
20 promote 21 collagen
21 collagen 22 remodeling
23 and 24 re
24 re 25 -
24 re 26 epithelialization

facial skin has a rich vascular and adnexal network , allowing the rapid healing of controlled damage because blood , macronutrients , and oxygen are readily available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
1 facial 2 skin
2 skin 3 has
3 has 9 network
4 a 5 rich
4 a 9 network
5 rich 9 network
6 vascular 7 and
7 and 8 adnexal
7 and 9 network
9 network 11 allowing
10 , 11 allowing
11 allowing 14 healing
11 allowing 18 because
11 allowing 28 .
12 the 14 healing
13 rapid 14 healing
14 healing 15 of
15 of 17 damage
16 controlled 17 damage
18 because 23 and
18 because 25 are
19 blood 20 ,
20 , 21 macronutrients
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 oxygen
23 and 25 are
25 are 26 readily
25 are 27 available

sebaceous glands and hair follicles are important in the regeneration process of the dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 sebaceous 2 glands
2 glands 3 and
3 and 5 follicles
3 and 6 are
4 hair 5 follicles
6 are 7 important
7 important 8 in
8 in 11 process
9 the 11 process
10 regeneration 11 process
11 process 12 of
12 of 14 dermis
13 the 14 dermis

dermabrasion can be taken down [layer] by [layer] to remove the proper level of skin , so that the desired effect is obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dermabrasion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 taken
1 dermabrasion 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 taken
4 taken 5 down
4 taken 9 to
5 down 7 by
9 to 10 remove
10 remove 13 level
10 remove 18 that
11 the 13 level
12 proper 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 15 skin
16 , 18 that
17 so 18 that
18 that 21 effect
18 that 23 obtained
18 that 24 .
19 the 21 effect
20 desired 21 effect
21 effect 22 is
22 is 23 obtained

by completely removing the epidermis and penetrating into the reticular and papillary dermis , controlled damage is obtained and remodeling of the skin 's structural proteins , into a more organized manner , occurs during the healing process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 by 3 removing
1 by 14 ,
1 by 16 damage
2 completely 3 removing
3 removing 6 and
3 removing 8 into
4 the 5 epidermis
5 epidermis 6 and
6 and 7 penetrating
8 into 13 dermis
9 the 13 dermis
10 reticular 11 and
11 and 12 papillary
11 and 13 dermis
15 controlled 16 damage
16 damage 17 is
17 is 18 obtained
19 and 20 remodeling
19 and 34 occurs
20 remodeling 21 of
20 remodeling 34 occurs
21 of 26 proteins
22 the 23 skin
23 skin 24 's
24 's 26 proteins
25 structural 26 proteins
26 proteins 28 into
27 , 28 into
28 into 32 manner
28 into 33 ,
29 a 32 manner
30 more 31 organized
31 organized 32 manner
34 occurs 35 during
35 during 38 process
36 the 38 process
37 healing 38 process

this abrasion technique leads to clinically significant improvements in skin structure , quality , and appearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 technique
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 3 technique
2 abrasion 3 technique
3 technique 4 leads
4 leads 5 to
4 leads 9 in
5 to 8 improvements
6 clinically 7 significant
7 significant 8 improvements
9 in 15 and
10 skin 11 structure
11 structure 12 ,
12 , 13 quality
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 appearance

with the recent proliferation of over the counter cosmeceuticals , prescription topical skin treatments have the cache of being evidence - [based] and not being available outside the setting of a patient - physician interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 with 4 proliferation
1 with 10 ,
1 with 14 treatments
2 the 4 proliferation
3 recent 4 proliferation
4 proliferation 5 of
5 of 6 over
6 over 9 cosmeceuticals
7 the 9 cosmeceuticals
8 counter 9 cosmeceuticals
11 prescription 14 treatments
12 topical 13 skin
13 skin 14 treatments
14 treatments 15 have
15 have 17 cache
16 the 17 cache
17 cache 18 of
17 cache 26 available
18 of 19 being
19 being 23 and
20 evidence 23 and
21 - 23 and
23 and 24 not
23 and 25 being
26 available 27 outside
27 outside 29 setting
28 the 29 setting
29 setting 30 of
30 of 35 interaction
31 a 35 interaction
32 patient 33 -
32 patient 34 physician
34 physician 35 interaction

in the setting of facial rejuvenation , patient demand for prescription topical skin treatments falls into three main roles : [(] 1 [ )(stimulation of collagen [production] [;] ( 2 ) improvement of dyspigmentation [;] and [(] 3 [ )(amelioration of adult acne . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 demand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 3 setting
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 demand
2 the 3 setting
3 setting 4 of
4 of 6 rejuvenation
5 facial 6 rejuvenation
8 patient 9 demand
9 demand 10 for
9 demand 15 falls
10 for 14 treatments
11 prescription 14 treatments
12 topical 13 skin
13 skin 14 treatments
15 falls 16 into
16 into 19 roles
17 three 19 roles
18 main 19 roles
20 : 36 and
22 1 24 )(stimulation
24 )(stimulation 25 of
24 )(stimulation 36 and
25 of 32 improvement
26 collagen 30 2
26 collagen 32 improvement
29 ( 30 2
30 2 31 )
32 improvement 33 of
33 of 34 dyspigmentation
36 and 40 )(amelioration
36 and 41 of
38 3 40 )(amelioration
41 of 43 acne
42 adult 43 acne

topical skin care regimens are a mainstay treatment for aging skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 topical 2 skin
2 skin 4 regimens
3 care 4 regimens
4 regimens 5 are
5 are 8 treatment
6 a 8 treatment
7 mainstay 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 for
9 for 10 aging
10 aging 11 skin

all patients seeking skin rejuvenation can benefit from this low - risk intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 seeking
2 patients 6 can
3 seeking 5 rejuvenation
4 skin 5 rejuvenation
6 can 7 benefit
7 benefit 8 from
8 from 13 intervention
9 this 10 low
10 low 11 -
10 low 13 intervention
12 risk 13 intervention

this article reviews available nonprescription topical treatments for rejuvenation including moisturizers , antioxidants , retinols , and sunscreen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 7 treatments
4 available 5 nonprescription
5 nonprescription 7 treatments
6 topical 7 treatments
7 treatments 8 for
8 for 17 and
9 rejuvenation 10 including
9 rejuvenation 12 ,
10 including 11 moisturizers
12 , 13 antioxidants
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 retinols
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 sunscreen

none current approaches to [falls] prevention mostly rely on secondary and tertiary prevention and target individuals at high risk of falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 none 3 approaches
1 none 14 and
1 none 21 falls
2 current 3 approaches
3 approaches 4 to
3 approaches 14 and
4 to 6 prevention
7 mostly 8 rely
8 rely 9 on
8 rely 14 and
9 on 13 prevention
10 secondary 11 and
11 and 12 tertiary
11 and 13 prevention
14 and 15 target
14 and 20 of
15 target 16 individuals
15 target 17 at
17 at 19 risk
18 high 19 risk
19 risk 20 of

an alternative is primary prevention , in which all seniors are screened , referred as appropriate , and educated regarding falls risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 alternative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 an 2 alternative
2 alternative 3 is
3 is 5 prevention
4 primary 5 prevention
5 prevention 7 in
6 , 7 in
7 in 8 which
7 in 10 seniors
7 in 11 are
7 in 13 ,
9 all 10 seniors
10 seniors 11 are
11 are 12 screened
13 , 14 referred
13 , 21 falls
14 referred 15 as
14 referred 21 falls
15 as 20 regarding
16 appropriate 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 educated
18 and 20 regarding
21 falls 22 risk

little information is available on research designs that allow investigation of this approach in the setting of aging services delivery , where randomization may not be possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 little 2 information
2 information 3 is
3 is 4 available
4 available 5 on
4 available 14 in
5 on 7 designs
6 research 7 designs
7 designs 8 that
7 designs 9 allow
8 that 9 allow
9 allow 10 investigation
10 investigation 11 of
11 of 13 approach
12 this 13 approach
14 in 16 setting
15 the 16 setting
16 setting 17 of
17 of 18 aging
18 aging 20 delivery
18 aging 22 where
19 services 20 delivery
21 , 22 where
22 where 23 randomization
22 where 26 be
22 where 28 .
23 randomization 24 may
24 may 25 not
24 may 26 be
26 be 27 possible

healthy steps for older adults , a statewide program of the pennsylvania ( pa ) department of aging , involves a combination of education about [falls] and screening for balance problems , with referral to personal physicians and home safety assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
1 healthy 2 steps
2 steps 3 for
2 steps 27 and
3 for 4 older
4 older 5 adults
4 older 20 involves
5 adults 9 program
5 adults 20 involves
6 , 9 program
7 a 8 statewide
7 a 9 program
8 statewide 9 program
9 program 10 of
9 program 17 of
9 program 19 ,
10 of 16 department
11 the 16 department
12 pennsylvania 14 pa
12 pennsylvania 16 department
13 ( 14 pa
14 pa 15 )
17 of 18 aging
20 involves 22 combination
20 involves 25 about
21 a 22 combination
22 combination 23 of
23 of 24 education
27 and 28 screening
27 and 29 for
29 for 31 problems
30 balance 31 problems
31 problems 33 with
32 , 33 with
33 with 38 and
33 with 42 .
34 referral 35 to
34 referral 38 and
35 to 37 physicians
36 personal 37 physicians
38 and 41 assessments
39 home 40 safety
40 safety 41 assessments

we developed a [non] [-] randomized statewide trial , falls free pa , to assess its effectiveness in reducing falls [incidence] over 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 developed
2 developed 8 trial
2 developed 14 to
3 a 8 trial
6 randomized 8 trial
7 statewide 8 trial
8 trial 12 pa
9 , 12 pa
10 falls 11 free
11 free 12 pa
12 pa 13 ,
14 to 15 assess
15 assess 17 effectiveness
15 assess 20 falls
16 its 17 effectiveness
17 effectiveness 18 in
17 effectiveness 20 falls
18 in 19 reducing
20 falls 22 over
22 over 24 months
23 12 24 months

we recruited 814 seniors who completed the program ( 503 [first] - time participants , 311 people repeating the program ) and 1,020 who did not participate in the program , from the same sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
1 we 2 recruited
2 recruited 4 seniors
2 recruited 12 -
3 814 4 seniors
4 seniors 5 who
4 seniors 6 completed
5 who 6 completed
6 completed 8 program
7 the 8 program
9 ( 12 -
10 503 12 -
12 - 14 participants
12 - 21 )
13 time 14 participants
14 participants 17 people
15 , 17 people
16 311 17 people
17 people 18 repeating
17 people 21 )
18 repeating 20 program
19 the 20 program
22 and 23 1,020
22 and 27 participate
23 1,020 24 who
23 1,020 25 did
23 1,020 27 participate
24 who 25 did
25 did 26 not
27 participate 28 in
28 in 30 program
29 the 30 program
30 program 32 from
31 , 32 from
32 from 35 sites
32 from 36 .
33 the 34 same
34 same 35 sites

we assessed the quality of this [non] - randomized design by examining [recruitment] , follow - up across study groups , and comparability at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 4 quality
3 the 4 quality
4 quality 5 of
4 quality 10 design
5 of 6 this
8 - 10 design
9 randomized 10 design
10 design 11 by
10 design 14 ,
11 by 12 examining
14 , 15 follow
15 follow 17 up
16 - 17 up
17 up 18 across
17 up 26 .
18 across 22 and
19 study 20 groups
20 groups 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 comparability
22 and 24 at
24 at 25 baseline

of older adults approached in senior centers , 90.5 % ( n = 2,219 ) signed informed consent , and 1,834 ( 82.4 % ) completed baseline assessments and were eligible for [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 signed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 of 3 adults
1 of 8 ,
1 of 10 %
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 approached
4 approached 5 in
5 in 7 centers
6 senior 7 centers
9 90.5 10 %
10 % 13 =
10 % 16 signed
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 2,219
13 = 15 )
16 signed 18 consent
17 informed 18 consent
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 1,834
20 and 29 and
21 1,834 24 %
21 1,834 29 and
22 ( 24 %
23 82.4 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 completed 28 assessments
26 completed 29 and
27 baseline 28 assessments
29 and 30 were
30 were 31 eligible
31 eligible 32 for
32 for 35 up
34 - 35 up

attrition in the three groups over 12 months was low and [non] - differential [(] < 10 % for withdrawal [and] < 2 % for other loss to follow - up ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 attrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 attrition 2 in
1 attrition 9 was
2 in 5 groups
3 the 4 three
4 three 5 groups
5 groups 6 over
6 over 8 months
7 12 8 months
9 was 10 low
11 and 13 -
11 and 22 <
13 - 14 differential
16 < 17 10
17 10 18 %
18 % 19 for
18 % 22 <
19 for 20 withdrawal
22 < 24 %
22 < 25 for
22 < 28 to
23 2 24 %
25 for 27 loss
26 other 27 loss
28 to 29 follow
29 follow 31 up
30 - 31 up
31 up 32 )

median follow - up , which involved standardized monthly assessment [of] falls , was 10 months in all study groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 median 2 follow
2 follow 4 up
3 - 4 up
4 up 5 ,
5 , 6 which
5 , 13 ,
6 which 10 assessment
7 involved 10 assessment
8 standardized 10 assessment
9 monthly 10 assessment
10 assessment 13 ,
12 falls 13 ,
13 , 14 was
13 , 17 in
13 , 20 groups
14 was 16 months
15 10 16 months
17 in 19 study
18 all 19 study

at baseline , the groups did not differ in measures of health or [falls] risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 at 2 baseline
1 at 3 ,
1 at 5 groups
4 the 5 groups
5 groups 13 or
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 differ
6 did 13 or
8 differ 9 in
9 in 10 measures
10 measures 11 of
11 of 12 health
13 or 15 risk
15 risk 16 factors

comparable status at baseline , [recruitment] from common sites , and similar experience with retention suggest that the [non] [-] randomized design will be effective for assessment of this approach to primary prevention of falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 comparable 2 status
2 status 3 at
2 status 11 and
3 at 4 baseline
4 baseline 7 from
5 , 7 from
7 from 9 sites
7 from 10 ,
8 common 9 sites
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 experience
11 and 14 with
11 and 16 suggest
12 similar 13 experience
14 with 15 retention
16 suggest 17 that
17 that 22 design
17 that 35 falls
18 the 22 design
21 randomized 22 design
22 design 23 will
22 design 34 of
22 design 35 falls
23 will 24 be
24 be 25 effective
25 effective 26 for
25 effective 31 to
26 for 27 assessment
27 assessment 28 of
28 of 30 approach
29 this 30 approach
31 to 33 prevention
32 primary 33 prevention
33 prevention 34 of

exposure to 2 [-] mhz transcranial diagnostic ultrasound enhances the thrombolytic activity of intravenously administered tissue plasminogen [activator] ( iv - tpa [ )(in acute ischemic stroke [(] sonothrombolysis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 enhances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 9 enhances
2 to 8 ultrasound
3 2 5 mhz
5 mhz 8 ultrasound
6 transcranial 7 diagnostic
7 diagnostic 8 ultrasound
9 enhances 12 activity
10 the 12 activity
11 thrombolytic 12 activity
12 activity 13 of
13 of 17 plasminogen
14 intravenously 15 administered
15 administered 17 plasminogen
16 tissue 17 plasminogen
17 plasminogen 20 iv
17 plasminogen 22 tpa
19 ( 20 iv
20 iv 21 -
21 - 22 tpa
22 tpa 24 )(in
22 tpa 30 )
24 )(in 29 sonothrombolysis
25 acute 27 stroke
26 ischemic 27 stroke
27 stroke 29 sonothrombolysis

however , rates of arterial recanalization vary widely , depending upon the clot burden , its location , and stroke subtype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 vary
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 rates
3 rates 4 of
3 rates 7 vary
4 of 6 recanalization
5 arterial 6 recanalization
7 vary 8 widely
7 vary 10 depending
9 , 10 depending
10 depending 11 upon
10 depending 22 .
11 upon 13 clot
12 the 13 clot
13 clot 19 and
13 clot 21 subtype
14 burden 15 ,
15 , 17 location
15 , 19 and
16 its 17 location
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 stroke
19 and 21 subtype

we evaluated the influence of age and cholesterol level of the blood clots on sonothrombolysis in an in [vitro] model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 influence
3 the 4 influence
4 influence 5 of
4 influence 13 clots
4 influence 20 model
5 of 7 and
6 age 7 and
7 and 9 level
7 and 10 of
8 cholesterol 9 level
10 of 12 blood
11 the 12 blood
13 clots 14 on
13 clots 16 in
13 clots 20 model
14 on 15 sonothrombolysis
16 in 18 in
17 an 18 in

to " age " the clots , serum was replaced by fresh blood periodically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 to 2 "
1 to 3 age
3 age 4 "
3 age 6 clots
5 the 6 clots
7 , 8 serum
7 , 10 replaced
8 serum 9 was
9 was 10 replaced
10 replaced 11 by
10 replaced 14 periodically
11 by 13 blood
12 fresh 13 blood

we increased the cholesterol content of the clots by adding cholesterin to the blood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 increased
2 increased 5 content
2 increased 9 by
3 the 5 content
4 cholesterol 5 content
5 content 6 of
6 of 8 clots
7 the 8 clots
9 by 10 adding
10 adding 11 cholesterin
10 adding 12 to
12 to 14 blood
13 the 14 blood

the clots were lysed by tpa [and/or] transcranial doppler ultrasound sonication for 1 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 clots
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 clots
2 clots 3 were
3 were 4 lysed
4 lysed 5 by
5 by 11 sonication
6 tpa 11 sonication
8 transcranial 11 sonication
9 doppler 11 sonication
10 ultrasound 11 sonication
11 sonication 12 for
12 for 14 h
13 1 14 h

the extent of thrombolysis induced by various treatment protocols ( controls , sonication , tpa , and sonothrombolysis ) was evaluated with relative changes in the clot weights and in the clot structure by scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) at end of the experiment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 extent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 extent
2 extent 3 of
2 extent 17 and
2 extent 20 was
3 of 4 thrombolysis
4 thrombolysis 5 induced
4 thrombolysis 6 by
6 by 9 protocols
7 various 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 protocols
9 protocols 11 controls
10 ( 11 controls
11 controls 12 ,
12 , 17 and
13 sonication 14 ,
14 , 15 tpa
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 sonothrombolysis
17 and 19 )
20 was 21 evaluated
21 evaluated 22 with
21 evaluated 29 and
22 with 24 changes
23 relative 24 changes
25 in 28 weights
25 in 29 and
26 the 28 weights
27 clot 28 weights
29 and 30 in
30 in 33 structure
31 the 33 structure
32 clot 33 structure
33 structure 34 by
33 structure 43 of
34 by 35 scanning
35 scanning 37 microscopy
35 scanning 42 end
36 electron 37 microscopy
37 microscopy 39 sem
38 ( 39 sem
39 sem 40 )
41 at 42 end
43 of 45 experiment
44 the 45 experiment

sonothrombolysis induced significantly higher weight reduction in fresh clots ( 37.3 % in 2 - h old clots versus 24.8 % in 10 - h [ones] , p < 0.005 ) as well as the clots with higher cholesterol levels ( 41.7 versus 30.6 % in normal cholesterol clots , p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sonothrombolysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 sonothrombolysis 2 induced
2 induced 3 significantly
2 induced 6 reduction
2 induced 34 as
4 higher 6 reduction
5 weight 6 reduction
6 reduction 7 in
6 reduction 18 clots
7 in 9 clots
8 fresh 9 clots
10 ( 18 clots
11 37.3 13 in
12 % 13 in
13 in 18 clots
14 2 15 -
15 - 16 h
15 - 18 clots
17 old 18 clots
18 clots 19 versus
18 clots 29 <
18 clots 31 )
19 versus 22 in
20 24.8 22 in
21 % 22 in
23 10 24 -
24 - 25 h
24 - 29 <
27 , 29 <
28 p 29 <
29 < 30 0.005
29 < 31 )
32 as 33 well
33 well 34 as
34 as 36 clots
35 the 36 clots
36 clots 37 with
37 with 40 levels
38 higher 40 levels
39 cholesterol 40 levels
40 levels 42 41.7
41 ( 42 41.7
42 41.7 43 versus
42 41.7 46 in
42 41.7 54 )
43 versus 45 %
44 30.6 45 %
46 in 49 clots
47 normal 48 cholesterol
48 cholesterol 49 clots
49 clots 52 <
50 , 52 <
51 p 52 <
52 < 53 0.005
52 < 54 )

sem demonstrated patterns of clot dissolution among various treatment modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 sem 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 3 patterns
2 demonstrated 7 among
3 patterns 4 of
4 of 6 dissolution
5 clot 6 dissolution
7 among 10 modalities
8 various 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 modalities

sonothrombolysis induced better clot lysis in fresh thrombi with high cholesterol levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sonothrombolysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 sonothrombolysis 2 induced
2 induced 5 lysis
2 induced 6 in
2 induced 9 with
3 better 4 clot
4 clot 5 lysis
6 in 8 thrombi
7 fresh 8 thrombi
9 with 12 levels
10 high 11 cholesterol
11 cholesterol 12 levels

background : micronutrients are associated with dementia and cognitive decline among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 micronutrients
2 : 5 associated
2 : 14 .
3 micronutrients 4 are
4 are 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 11 among
6 with 8 and
7 dementia 8 and
8 and 10 decline
9 cognitive 10 decline
11 among 13 adults
12 older 13 adults

however , nutritional biomarkers [of] [such] [decline] have not been identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 biomarkers
3 nutritional 4 biomarkers
4 biomarkers 8 have
8 have 9 not
8 have 10 been
10 been 11 identified

we attempted to identify nutritional biomarkers that were independent risk markers of cognitive [decline] in a population of older japanese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 attempted
2 attempted 3 to
2 attempted 4 identify
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 6 biomarkers
5 nutritional 6 biomarkers
6 biomarkers 7 that
6 biomarkers 12 of
6 biomarkers 13 cognitive
7 that 8 were
8 were 11 markers
9 independent 11 markers
10 risk 11 markers
11 markers 12 of
13 cognitive 15 in
15 in 17 population
16 a 17 population
17 population 18 of
18 of 20 japanese
19 older 20 japanese

cognition was assessed by the mini - mental state examination , and cognitive decline was defined as a decrease of at least three points on the mini - mental state examination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 cognition 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 by
4 by 6 mini
5 the 6 mini
6 mini 8 mental
7 - 8 mental
8 mental 9 state
8 mental 24 points
8 mental 28 -
9 state 12 and
9 state 14 decline
9 state 15 was
10 examination 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 cognitive
12 and 14 decline
15 was 16 defined
16 defined 17 as
17 as 19 decrease
17 as 24 points
18 a 19 decrease
19 decrease 20 of
19 decrease 24 points
20 of 23 three
21 at 22 least
22 least 23 three
24 points 25 on
25 on 27 mini
26 the 27 mini
28 - 31 examination
29 mental 30 state
30 state 31 examination

results : during an average follow - up of 2.7 years [,] 115 adults ( 16.9 % ) developed cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 6 follow
2 : 7 -
3 during 5 average
3 during 6 follow
4 an 5 average
7 - 11 years
7 - 21 decline
8 up 11 years
9 of 10 2.7
9 of 11 years
11 years 14 adults
11 years 19 developed
11 years 21 decline
13 115 14 adults
14 adults 17 %
14 adults 19 developed
15 ( 17 %
16 16.9 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 developed 20 cognitive

the corresponding odds ratios were 1.81 ( 1.05 - 3.22 [ )(and 1.03 ( 0.58 - 1.83 ) , respectively , for high - density lipoprotein cholesterol and 2.06 ( 1.14 - 3.77 ) [and] 1.02 ( 0.54 - 1.94 ) [for] albumin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 4 ratios
2 corresponding 3 odds
3 odds 4 ratios
4 ratios 5 were
5 were 6 1.81
5 were 9 -
5 were 20 respectively
5 were 22 for
7 ( 9 -
8 1.05 9 -
9 - 12 )(and
9 - 19 ,
10 3.22 12 )(and
12 )(and 13 1.03
12 )(and 16 -
14 ( 16 -
15 0.58 16 -
16 - 17 1.83
16 - 18 )
19 , 20 respectively
20 respectively 21 ,
22 for 28 and
23 high 24 -
23 high 25 density
25 density 27 cholesterol
26 lipoprotein 27 cholesterol
27 cholesterol 28 and
28 and 43 albumin
29 2.06 43 albumin
30 ( 32 -
31 1.14 32 -
32 - 33 3.77
32 - 34 )
32 - 43 albumin
36 1.02 43 albumin
37 ( 39 -
38 0.54 39 -
39 - 40 1.94
39 - 41 )
39 - 43 albumin

background : neonatal asphyxia is one of the leading causes of death in newborn [and] permanent neurological disabilities in surviving children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 asphyxia
2 : 5 is
2 : 22 .
3 neonatal 4 asphyxia
4 asphyxia 5 is
5 is 6 one
6 one 7 of
7 of 10 causes
8 the 10 causes
9 leading 10 causes
10 causes 11 of
10 causes 13 in
11 of 12 death
13 in 18 disabilities
14 newborn 18 disabilities
16 permanent 18 disabilities
17 neurological 18 disabilities
18 disabilities 19 in
19 in 20 surviving
20 surviving 21 children

the underlying hypoxic - ischemic ( hi ) injury triggers an inflammatory response leading to neuronal damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 injury
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 triggers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 9 injury
2 underlying 9 injury
3 hypoxic 4 -
3 hypoxic 9 injury
5 ischemic 7 hi
5 ischemic 9 injury
6 ( 7 hi
7 hi 8 )
9 injury 10 triggers
10 triggers 13 response
11 an 12 inflammatory
11 an 13 response
12 inflammatory 13 response
13 response 14 leading
14 leading 15 to
15 to 17 damage
16 neuronal 17 damage

here , we tested the hypothesis that high - dose intravenous immunoglobulin ( ivig ) could exert immunomodulatory effect in rat pups subjected to hi injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 tested
4 tested 6 hypothesis
4 tested 20 in
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
7 that 12 immunoglobulin
7 that 17 exert
8 high 9 -
8 high 12 immunoglobulin
10 dose 12 immunoglobulin
11 intravenous 12 immunoglobulin
12 immunoglobulin 14 ivig
12 immunoglobulin 16 could
13 ( 14 ivig
14 ivig 15 )
16 could 17 exert
17 exert 19 effect
18 immunomodulatory 19 effect
20 in 22 pups
21 rat 22 pups
22 pups 23 subjected
23 subjected 24 to
24 to 26 injury
25 hi 26 injury

methods : hi injury was induced in 7 - d - old pups by ligating the common carotid artery followed by exposure to 8 % oxygen for 2 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 injury
2 : 6 induced
3 hi 4 injury
4 injury 5 was
5 was 6 induced
6 induced 7 in
6 induced 11 -
7 in 8 7
9 - 11 -
10 d 11 -
11 - 13 pups
12 old 13 pups
13 pups 14 by
13 pups 21 by
13 pups 23 to
14 by 15 ligating
15 ligating 19 artery
16 the 19 artery
17 common 18 carotid
18 carotid 19 artery
19 artery 20 followed
21 by 22 exposure
23 to 26 oxygen
24 8 25 %
25 % 26 oxygen
26 oxygen 27 for
27 for 29 h
28 2 29 h
29 h 30 .

brain infarction was evaluated by imaging stained coronal brain sections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infarction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 brain 2 infarction
2 infarction 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 by
5 by 6 imaging
6 imaging 10 sections
7 stained 9 brain
8 coronal 9 brain
9 brain 10 sections

neurological deficits were assessed in weeks 1 through 4 after hi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 neurological 2 deficits
2 deficits 3 were
3 were 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 in
4 assessed 8 through
4 assessed 10 after
5 in 6 weeks
6 weeks 7 1
8 through 9 4
10 after 11 hi

western [blotting] and immunohistochemistry were used to assess complement fragment deposition in the brain tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 western 3 and
3 and 4 immunohistochemistry
3 and 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 deposition
9 complement 11 deposition
10 fragment 11 deposition
11 deposition 12 in
12 in 15 tissue
13 the 15 tissue
14 brain 15 tissue

results : treatment with ivig at 2 g/kg significantly and in a dose - responsive manner reduced brain infarction size as well as mortality and neurological deficits caused by hi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 treatment
2 : 4 with
2 : 6 at
2 : 9 significantly
4 with 5 ivig
6 at 8 g/kg
7 2 8 g/kg
10 and 16 manner
10 and 17 reduced
11 in 13 dose
11 in 14 -
11 in 16 manner
12 a 13 dose
15 responsive 16 manner
16 manner 17 reduced
17 reduced 20 size
17 reduced 29 by
18 brain 20 size
19 infarction 20 size
20 size 21 as
20 size 28 caused
21 as 22 well
23 as 25 and
23 as 28 caused
24 mortality 25 and
25 and 27 deficits
25 and 28 caused
26 neurological 27 deficits
29 by 30 hi

anatomical and functional improvements in ivig - treated pups correlated with decreased deposition of c3b complement fragments in the injured brain hemisphere . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 anatomical 2 and
2 and 4 improvements
2 and 5 in
3 functional 4 improvements
5 in 6 ivig
7 - 9 pups
7 - 16 complement
7 - 23 .
8 treated 9 pups
9 pups 10 correlated
9 pups 11 with
9 pups 14 of
9 pups 16 complement
11 with 13 deposition
12 decreased 13 deposition
14 of 15 c3b
16 complement 17 fragments
16 complement 18 in
18 in 22 hemisphere
19 the 22 hemisphere
20 injured 21 brain
21 brain 22 hemisphere

conclusion : ivig significantly improved the outcome of hi injury in rat pups and could potentially be used for the treatment of human neonatal asphyxia to target proinflammatory complement fragments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 ivig
3 ivig 14 and
4 significantly 5 improved
5 improved 7 outcome
5 improved 14 and
6 the 7 outcome
7 outcome 8 of
7 outcome 11 in
8 of 10 injury
9 hi 10 injury
11 in 13 pups
12 rat 13 pups
14 and 15 could
15 could 17 be
16 potentially 17 be
17 be 18 used
18 used 19 for
18 used 26 to
18 used 27 target
19 for 21 treatment
20 the 21 treatment
21 treatment 22 of
22 of 25 asphyxia
23 human 25 asphyxia
24 neonatal 25 asphyxia
26 to 27 target
27 target 30 fragments
28 proinflammatory 29 complement
29 complement 30 fragments

objective : serum sclerostin levels have been reported to be inversely associated with serum 25ohd levels , but the effect of vitamin d and calcium supplementation on serum sclerostin levels is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 serum
3 serum 5 levels
3 serum 16 levels
4 sclerostin 5 levels
5 levels 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 reported
8 reported 9 to
8 reported 16 levels
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 associated
11 inversely 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 serum
15 25ohd 16 levels
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 effect
18 but 31 is
19 the 20 effect
20 effect 21 of
20 effect 26 supplementation
20 effect 30 levels
20 effect 31 is
21 of 24 and
22 vitamin 23 d
22 vitamin 24 and
24 and 25 calcium
26 supplementation 27 on
26 supplementation 30 levels
27 on 29 sclerostin
28 serum 29 sclerostin
31 is 32 unknown

this study was carried out to determine whether vitamin d and calcium supplementation altered serum sclerostin levels in healthy older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 carried
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 whether
7 determine 18 in
8 whether 11 and
8 whether 14 altered
9 vitamin 10 d
9 vitamin 11 and
11 and 13 supplementation
11 and 14 altered
12 calcium 13 supplementation
14 altered 17 levels
15 serum 17 levels
16 sclerostin 17 levels
18 in 21 adults
19 healthy 21 adults
20 older 21 adults

design : we measured serum sclerostin levels at baseline and after 2 years in 279 men and women who participated in a placebo - controlled vitamin d ( 700 iu/day ) and calcium ( 500 mg/day ) intervention trial carried out in men and women aged ≥65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 measured
2 : 49 .
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 48 years
5 serum 6 sclerostin
6 sclerostin 7 levels
7 levels 10 and
7 levels 32 and
8 at 9 baseline
8 at 10 and
10 and 11 after
11 after 17 and
12 2 13 years
13 years 14 in
13 years 17 and
14 in 16 men
15 279 16 men
17 and 18 women
17 and 19 who
17 and 20 participated
19 who 20 participated
20 participated 21 in
21 in 23 placebo
22 a 23 placebo
23 placebo 26 vitamin
24 - 26 vitamin
25 controlled 26 vitamin
26 vitamin 27 d
26 vitamin 30 iu/day
26 vitamin 31 )
28 ( 30 iu/day
29 700 30 iu/day
30 iu/day 31 )
32 and 33 calcium
32 and 36 mg/day
32 and 40 carried
34 ( 36 mg/day
35 500 36 mg/day
36 mg/day 37 )
38 intervention 40 carried
39 trial 40 carried
40 carried 48 years
41 out 42 in
41 out 44 and
42 in 43 men
44 and 45 women
44 and 46 aged
46 aged 48 years
47 ≥65 48 years

method : serum sclerostin levels were measured using the mesoscale discovery chemiluminescence assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 levels
2 : 6 were
2 : 14 .
3 serum 4 sclerostin
4 sclerostin 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 using
8 using 13 assay
9 the 13 assay
10 mesoscale 11 discovery
11 discovery 13 assay
12 chemiluminescence 13 assay

results : in the men , sclerostin levels increased over 2 years by 4.11±1.81 [ng/l] ( 13.1 % ) in the vitamin d plus calcium - supplemented group and decreased [by] 3.16±1.78 [ng/l] ( 10.9 % ) in the placebo group ( p=0.005 for difference [in] change ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 men
4 the 5 men
5 men 8 levels
6 , 8 levels
7 sclerostin 8 levels
8 levels 9 increased
8 levels 49 .
9 increased 10 over
9 increased 38 in
10 over 12 years
11 2 12 years
12 years 13 by
12 years 20 in
13 by 14 4.11±1.81
14 4.11±1.81 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 13.1 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 in 22 vitamin
21 the 22 vitamin
22 vitamin 23 d
22 vitamin 24 plus
22 vitamin 29 and
24 plus 25 calcium
26 - 29 and
27 supplemented 28 group
28 group 29 and
29 and 32 3.16±1.78
29 and 36 %
29 and 37 )
30 decreased 32 3.16±1.78
34 ( 36 %
35 10.9 36 %
36 % 37 )
38 in 41 group
39 the 41 group
40 placebo 41 group
41 group 43 p=0.005
42 ( 43 p=0.005
43 p=0.005 44 for
43 p=0.005 48 )
44 for 47 change
45 difference 47 change

adjustments for the season of measurement , baseline physical activity levels , baseline serum sclerostin levels , and total body bone mineral content did not substantially alter the changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjustments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 alter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 adjustments 2 for
1 adjustments 5 of
1 adjustments 24 did
2 for 4 season
3 the 4 season
5 of 18 and
6 measurement 7 ,
7 , 11 levels
7 , 12 ,
8 baseline 11 levels
9 physical 10 activity
10 activity 11 levels
12 , 16 levels
12 , 18 and
13 baseline 14 serum
14 serum 16 levels
15 sclerostin 16 levels
17 , 18 and
18 and 23 content
19 total 23 content
20 body 22 mineral
21 bone 22 mineral
22 mineral 23 content
24 did 25 not
24 did 27 alter
26 substantially 27 alter
27 alter 29 changes
28 the 29 changes

in the women , there was no significant group difference in change in serum sclerostin levels either before or after the [above] [-] mentioned adjustments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 women
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 there
2 the 3 women
5 there 6 was
6 was 10 difference
6 was 11 in
6 was 13 in
6 was 19 or
7 no 10 difference
8 significant 9 group
9 group 10 difference
11 in 12 change
13 in 16 levels
14 serum 15 sclerostin
15 sclerostin 16 levels
17 either 19 or
18 before 19 or
19 or 20 after
20 after 25 adjustments
21 the 25 adjustments
24 mentioned 25 adjustments

in both the sexes , vitamin d and calcium supplementation significantly increased serum ionized calcium levels and decreased parathyroid hormone levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 both
1 in 8 and
3 the 4 sexes
4 sexes 5 ,
5 , 6 vitamin
5 , 8 and
6 vitamin 7 d
8 and 10 supplementation
8 and 12 increased
9 calcium 10 supplementation
11 significantly 12 increased
12 increased 13 serum
13 serum 17 and
14 ionized 16 levels
14 ionized 17 and
15 calcium 16 levels
17 and 18 decreased
17 and 21 levels
18 decreased 19 parathyroid
20 hormone 21 levels

conclusion : men and women appear to have different serum sclerostin responses to vitamin d and calcium supplementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 men
4 and 5 women
4 and 6 appear
5 women 6 appear
6 appear 7 to
6 appear 8 have
7 to 8 have
8 have 12 responses
8 have 13 to
9 different 10 serum
10 serum 12 responses
11 sclerostin 12 responses
13 to 16 and
14 vitamin 15 d
14 vitamin 16 and
16 and 18 supplementation
17 calcium 18 supplementation

the reason for this difference remains to be determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reason
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 reason
2 reason 3 for
2 reason 6 remains
3 for 5 difference
4 this 5 difference
6 remains 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 determined

to define the retinal phenotype of subjects with familial dysautonomia ( fd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 define
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 to 2 define
2 define 5 phenotype
2 define 8 with
3 the 5 phenotype
4 retinal 5 phenotype
5 phenotype 6 of
6 of 7 subjects
8 with 10 dysautonomia
9 familial 10 dysautonomia
10 dysautonomia 12 fd
11 ( 12 fd
12 fd 13 )

a cross - sectional study was carried out in 90 subjects divided in three groups of 30 each ( fd subjects , asymptomatic carriers and controls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 cross
3 - 5 study
3 - 7 carried
4 sectional 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 carried
7 carried 8 out
7 carried 9 in
9 in 11 subjects
10 90 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 divided
11 subjects 25 and
12 divided 13 in
12 divided 18 each
13 in 15 groups
14 three 15 groups
15 groups 16 of
16 of 17 30
19 ( 25 and
20 fd 21 subjects
21 subjects 22 ,
22 , 24 carriers
22 , 25 and
23 asymptomatic 24 carriers
25 and 26 controls
25 and 27 )

the study was developed at the dysautonomia center , new york university medical center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 developed
4 developed 5 at
5 at 8 center
6 the 8 center
7 dysautonomia 8 center
9 , 14 center
10 new 11 york
11 york 12 university
12 university 13 medical
13 medical 14 center

all subjects underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( oct [ )(and full neuro - ophthalmic examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 underwent
3 underwent 17 examinations
4 spectral 5 domain
5 domain 17 examinations
6 optical 7 coherence
7 coherence 17 examinations
8 tomography 12 )(and
8 tomography 17 examinations
9 ( 12 )(and
10 oct 12 )(and
12 )(and 14 neuro
12 )(and 15 -
13 full 14 neuro
16 ophthalmic 17 examinations

in a subset of affected subjects , visual evoked potentials and microperimetry were also obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 subset
1 in 7 ,
1 in 11 and
2 a 3 subset
3 subset 4 of
4 of 6 subjects
5 affected 6 subjects
8 visual 10 potentials
9 evoked 10 potentials
10 potentials 11 and
11 and 12 microperimetry
11 and 13 were
13 were 15 obtained
14 also 15 obtained

we compared the retinal nerve fiber layer ( rnfl ) [thickness] from oct between the three groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 7 layer
2 compared 12 from
2 compared 14 between
3 the 7 layer
4 retinal 5 nerve
5 nerve 7 layer
6 fiber 7 layer
7 layer 9 rnfl
8 ( 9 rnfl
9 rnfl 10 )
12 from 13 oct
14 between 17 groups
15 the 16 three
16 three 17 groups

oct showed loss of the rnfl in all fd subjects [predominantly] in the maculopapillary region ( 63 % [temporally] , p < 0.0001 [;] and 21 % nasally , p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 oct 2 showed
2 showed 3 loss
2 showed 10 subjects
2 showed 25 and
2 showed 28 nasally
2 showed 31 <
3 loss 4 of
4 of 6 rnfl
5 the 6 rnfl
6 rnfl 7 in
7 in 9 fd
8 all 9 fd
10 subjects 12 in
10 subjects 22 <
12 in 15 region
13 the 15 region
14 maculopapillary 15 region
15 region 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 63 18 %
18 % 20 ,
20 , 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.0001
25 and 27 %
26 21 27 %
29 , 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.005
31 < 33 )

rnfl loss was [greatest] in older fd subjects and was associated with decreased visual acuity and color vision , central visual field defects , temporal optic nerve pallor , and delayed visual evoked potentials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 rnfl 2 loss
2 loss 9 and
3 was 5 in
3 was 9 and
5 in 8 subjects
6 older 8 subjects
7 fd 8 subjects
9 and 10 was
10 was 16 and
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 and
12 with 15 acuity
13 decreased 15 acuity
14 visual 15 acuity
16 and 17 color
17 color 18 vision
18 vision 23 defects
19 , 23 defects
20 central 22 field
21 visual 22 field
22 field 23 defects
23 defects 24 ,
24 , 30 and
25 temporal 28 pallor
26 optic 28 pallor
27 nerve 28 pallor
28 pallor 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 34 potentials
31 delayed 34 potentials
32 visual 34 potentials
33 evoked 34 potentials

asymptomatic carriers of the fd gene mutation all had thinner rnfl ( 12 % [globally] , p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 carriers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 asymptomatic 2 carriers
2 carriers 3 of
2 carriers 9 had
3 of 7 mutation
4 the 7 mutation
5 fd 7 mutation
6 gene 7 mutation
8 all 9 had
9 had 11 rnfl
10 thinner 11 rnfl
11 rnfl 14 %
11 rnfl 18 <
12 ( 14 %
13 12 14 %
14 % 16 ,
16 , 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.005
18 < 20 )

oct and clinical neuro - ophthalmological findings suggest that maculopapillary ganglion cells are primarily affected in fd subjects , leading to a specific optic nerve damage that closely resembles mitochondrial optic neuropathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 oct 2 and
2 and 7 findings
2 and 8 suggest
3 clinical 7 findings
4 neuro 5 -
4 neuro 7 findings
6 ophthalmological 7 findings
8 suggest 12 cells
8 suggest 15 affected
9 that 10 maculopapillary
10 maculopapillary 12 cells
11 ganglion 12 cells
12 cells 13 are
13 are 15 affected
14 primarily 15 affected
15 affected 16 in
16 in 18 subjects
17 fd 18 subjects
19 , 20 leading
19 , 29 resembles
20 leading 21 to
20 leading 26 damage
20 leading 29 resembles
21 to 25 nerve
22 a 23 specific
22 a 25 nerve
23 specific 25 nerve
24 optic 25 nerve
27 that 28 closely
28 closely 29 resembles
29 resembles 32 neuropathies
30 mitochondrial 32 neuropathies
31 optic 32 neuropathies

this raises the possibility that reduced ikap levels may affect mitochondrial proteins and their function in the nervous system , particularly in the retina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 raises
1 this 2 raises
2 raises 4 possibility
3 the 4 possibility
4 possibility 5 that
5 that 8 levels
5 that 10 affect
6 reduced 8 levels
7 ikap 8 levels
8 levels 9 may
9 may 10 affect
10 affect 13 and
10 affect 16 in
11 mitochondrial 12 proteins
12 proteins 13 and
13 and 15 function
14 their 15 function
16 in 19 system
17 the 19 system
18 nervous 19 system
19 system 22 in
20 , 21 particularly
20 , 22 in
22 in 24 retina
22 in 25 .
23 the 24 retina

existing reports on the frequencies of neurodegenerative diseases are typically based on clinical diagnoses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 existing 2 reports
2 reports 3 on
2 reports 9 are
3 on 5 frequencies
4 the 5 frequencies
5 frequencies 6 of
6 of 8 diseases
7 neurodegenerative 8 diseases
9 are 10 typically
9 are 12 on
10 typically 11 based
12 on 14 diagnoses
13 clinical 14 diagnoses

we sought to determine these frequencies in a prospectively assessed , community [-] based autopsy series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 frequencies
4 determine 7 in
5 these 6 frequencies
7 in 16 series
8 a 9 prospectively
8 a 16 series
9 prospectively 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 ,
12 community 14 based
14 based 15 autopsy
15 autopsy 16 series

included subjects had normal cognitive and movement disorder assessments at study entry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 included 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 had
3 had 9 assessments
3 had 10 at
4 normal 9 assessments
5 cognitive 6 and
6 and 7 movement
6 and 9 assessments
8 disorder 9 assessments
10 at 12 entry
11 study 12 entry

of the 119 cases meeting these criteria , 52 % were women ; the median age of study entry was 83.5 years ( range , 67 - 99 years ) , and the median duration from the first visit until death was 4.3 years ( range , 0 - 10 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
1 of 4 cases
1 of 8 ,
1 of 10 %
2 the 3 119
3 119 4 cases
4 cases 5 meeting
5 meeting 7 criteria
6 these 7 criteria
9 52 10 %
10 % 11 were
11 were 12 women
13 ; 16 age
13 ; 20 was
13 ; 32 and
14 the 16 age
15 median 16 age
16 age 17 of
16 age 20 was
17 of 19 entry
18 study 19 entry
20 was 22 years
21 83.5 22 years
22 years 24 range
22 years 26 67
23 ( 24 range
24 range 25 ,
25 , 26 67
26 67 29 years
26 67 31 ,
27 - 29 years
28 99 29 years
29 years 30 )
32 and 35 duration
32 and 42 was
33 the 35 duration
34 median 35 duration
35 duration 36 from
35 duration 42 was
36 from 39 visit
37 the 39 visit
38 first 39 visit
39 visit 40 until
40 until 41 death
42 was 44 years
43 4.3 44 years
44 years 46 range
45 ( 46 range
46 range 48 0
46 range 53 .
47 , 48 0
48 0 51 years
48 0 53 .
49 - 51 years
50 10 51 years
51 years 52 )

[at] autopsy , clinicopathological diagnoses were made in 30 cases ( 25 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 autopsy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
3 , 5 diagnoses
3 , 7 made
4 clinicopathological 5 diagnoses
5 diagnoses 6 were
6 were 7 made
7 made 8 in
8 in 10 cases
9 30 10 cases
10 cases 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 25 13 %
13 % 14 )

these diagnoses included 20 with alzheimer disease ( ad ) ( 17 % ) , 7 with vascular dementia ( 6 % ) , 4 with progressive supranuclear palsy ( 3 % ) , 3 with parkinson disease and 1 each with dementia with lewy bodies , corticobasal degeneration , or multiple system atrophy ( 0.8 % [each] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnoses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 these 2 diagnoses
2 diagnoses 3 included
3 included 4 20
3 included 5 with
3 included 36 with
5 with 7 disease
5 with 35 3
6 alzheimer 7 disease
7 disease 9 ad
7 disease 13 %
7 disease 16 7
8 ( 9 ad
9 ad 10 )
11 ( 13 %
12 17 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 , 16 7
16 7 17 with
16 7 22 %
16 7 25 4
16 7 34 ,
17 with 19 dementia
18 vascular 19 dementia
20 ( 22 %
21 6 22 %
22 % 23 )
24 , 25 4
25 4 26 with
25 4 33 )
26 with 29 palsy
27 progressive 29 palsy
28 supranuclear 29 palsy
29 palsy 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 3 32 %
32 % 33 )
36 with 39 and
36 with 54 atrophy
37 parkinson 38 disease
38 disease 39 and
39 and 53 system
40 1 53 system
41 each 42 with
41 each 47 ,
42 with 43 dementia
43 dementia 44 with
44 with 46 bodies
45 lewy 46 bodies
47 , 49 degeneration
47 , 51 or
48 corticobasal 49 degeneration
50 , 51 or
51 or 52 multiple
51 or 53 system
54 atrophy 57 %
55 ( 57 %
56 0.8 57 %
57 % 59 )

of the 87 subjects still clinically normal at death ( 73 % ) , 33 had extensive ad pathology ( preclinical ad ) ( 38 % ) , 17 had incidental lewy bodies ( 20 % ) , and 4 had incidental pathology consistent with progressive supranuclear palsy ( 5 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 33
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 of 4 subjects
1 of 15 33
2 the 3 87
3 87 4 subjects
5 still 15 33
6 clinically 7 normal
7 normal 8 at
7 normal 14 ,
7 normal 15 33
8 at 9 death
9 death 12 %
10 ( 12 %
11 73 12 %
12 % 13 )
15 33 16 had
16 had 19 pathology
17 extensive 19 pathology
18 ad 19 pathology
19 pathology 22 ad
19 pathology 26 %
20 ( 22 ad
21 preclinical 22 ad
22 ad 23 )
24 ( 26 %
25 38 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 , 29 17
28 , 30 had
28 , 39 and
29 17 30 had
30 had 33 bodies
31 incidental 33 bodies
32 lewy 33 bodies
33 bodies 36 %
34 ( 36 %
35 20 36 %
36 % 37 )
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 4
39 and 41 had
40 4 41 had
41 had 43 pathology
42 incidental 43 pathology
43 pathology 44 consistent
43 pathology 51 %
44 consistent 45 with
45 with 48 palsy
46 progressive 48 palsy
47 supranuclear 48 palsy
49 ( 51 %
50 5 51 %
51 % 52 )

the diagnoses were not mutually exclusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnoses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 2 diagnoses
2 diagnoses 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 exclusive
4 not 5 mutually

[although] limited by a relatively small sample size , the neuropathological outcome of these initially normal elderly subjects represents a rough estimate of the incidence of these neurodegenerative conditions over a defined time period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 limited 3 by
2 limited 9 ,
2 limited 12 outcome
3 by 8 size
4 a 5 relatively
4 a 8 size
5 relatively 6 small
6 small 7 sample
7 sample 8 size
10 the 12 outcome
11 neuropathological 12 outcome
12 outcome 13 of
12 outcome 19 represents
13 of 18 subjects
14 these 18 subjects
15 initially 16 normal
16 normal 18 subjects
17 elderly 18 subjects
19 represents 22 estimate
19 represents 30 over
20 a 21 rough
20 a 22 estimate
21 rough 22 estimate
22 estimate 23 of
23 of 25 incidence
24 the 25 incidence
25 incidence 26 of
26 of 29 conditions
27 these 29 conditions
28 neurodegenerative 29 conditions
30 over 34 period
31 a 34 period
32 defined 34 period
33 time 34 period

in 2010 , a new recessive cohesinopathy disorder , designated warsaw [breakage] [syndrome] ( wabs ) , was described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 disorder
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 2010
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 disorder
4 a 8 disorder
5 new 7 cohesinopathy
6 recessive 7 cohesinopathy
7 cohesinopathy 8 disorder
8 disorder 10 designated
8 disorder 18 was
9 , 10 designated
10 designated 15 wabs
10 designated 17 ,
11 warsaw 15 wabs
14 ( 15 wabs
15 wabs 16 )
18 was 19 described

the individual with wabs displayed microcephaly , pre - and postnatal growth retardation , and abnormal skin pigmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 individual
2 individual 3 with
2 individual 10 and
3 with 4 wabs
4 wabs 5 displayed
4 wabs 8 pre
5 displayed 6 microcephaly
7 , 8 pre
8 pre 9 -
10 and 13 retardation
10 and 15 and
11 postnatal 12 growth
12 growth 13 retardation
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 pigmentation
16 abnormal 17 skin
17 skin 18 pigmentation

cytogenetic analysis revealed mitomycin c ( mmc ) - induced chromosomal breakage ; however , an additional sister chromatid cohesion defect was also observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 cytogenetic 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 mitomycin
4 mitomycin 5 c
4 mitomycin 7 mmc
6 ( 7 mmc
7 mmc 8 )
9 - 12 breakage
9 - 13 ;
9 - 25 .
10 induced 12 breakage
11 chromosomal 12 breakage
13 ; 21 defect
13 ; 24 observed
14 however 15 ,
14 however 21 defect
16 an 21 defect
17 additional 18 sister
18 sister 21 defect
19 chromatid 21 defect
20 cohesion 21 defect
21 defect 22 was
22 was 23 also
22 was 24 observed

wabs is genetically linked to bi - allelic mutations in the chlr1/ddx11 gene which encodes a protein of the conserved family of iron - sulfur ( fe - s ) cluster dna helicases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 wabs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 wabs 2 is
2 is 4 linked
3 genetically 4 linked
4 linked 5 to
4 linked 10 in
5 to 9 mutations
6 bi 7 -
6 bi 9 mutations
8 allelic 9 mutations
10 in 13 gene
11 the 13 gene
12 chlr1/ddx11 13 gene
13 gene 14 which
13 gene 15 encodes
14 which 15 encodes
15 encodes 17 protein
16 a 17 protein
17 protein 18 of
17 protein 22 of
18 of 21 family
19 the 21 family
20 conserved 21 family
22 of 33 helicases
23 iron 25 sulfur
23 iron 33 helicases
24 - 25 sulfur
25 sulfur 27 fe
25 sulfur 30 )
26 ( 27 fe
27 fe 29 s
27 fe 30 )
28 - 29 s
29 s 30 )
31 cluster 33 helicases
32 dna 33 helicases

mutations in the budding yeast ortholog of chlr1 , known as chl1 , were known to cause sister chromatid cohesion defects , indicating a conserved function of the gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 known
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 14 were
2 in 6 ortholog
3 the 6 ortholog
4 budding 5 yeast
5 yeast 6 ortholog
6 ortholog 7 of
7 of 8 chlr1
8 chlr1 10 known
9 , 10 known
10 known 11 as
10 known 13 ,
11 as 12 chl1
14 were 15 known
15 known 16 to
15 known 17 cause
16 to 17 cause
17 cause 21 defects
17 cause 23 indicating
18 sister 20 cohesion
19 chromatid 20 cohesion
20 cohesion 21 defects
22 , 23 indicating
23 indicating 26 function
23 indicating 30 .
24 a 26 function
25 conserved 26 function
26 function 27 of
27 of 29 gene
28 the 29 gene

in 2012 , three affected siblings were identified with similar symptoms to the original wabs case , and found to have a homozygous mutation in the conserved fe - s [domain] of chlr1 , confirming the genetic linkage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 siblings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 in 2 2012
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 siblings
4 three 6 siblings
5 affected 6 siblings
6 siblings 18 and
7 were 8 identified
7 were 18 and
8 identified 9 with
9 with 11 symptoms
10 similar 11 symptoms
11 symptoms 12 to
12 to 16 case
13 the 16 case
14 original 16 case
15 wabs 16 case
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 found
18 and 20 to
20 to 21 have
21 have 24 mutation
21 have 25 in
22 a 24 mutation
23 homozygous 24 mutation
25 in 28 fe
26 the 28 fe
27 conserved 28 fe
29 - 30 s
30 s 32 of
32 of 33 chlr1
33 chlr1 35 confirming
34 , 35 confirming
35 confirming 38 linkage
35 confirming 39 .
36 the 38 linkage
37 genetic 38 linkage

significantly , the clinically relevant mutations perturbed chlr1 dna unwinding activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 perturbed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 significantly 2 ,
1 significantly 6 mutations
3 the 6 mutations
4 clinically 5 relevant
5 relevant 6 mutations
6 mutations 7 perturbed
7 perturbed 9 dna
8 chlr1 9 dna
9 dna 10 unwinding
10 unwinding 11 activity

in addition to its genetic importance in human disease , chlr1 is implicated in papillomavirus genome maintenance and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 chlr1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 10 ,
1 in 11 chlr1
2 addition 3 to
3 to 6 importance
4 its 6 importance
5 genetic 6 importance
6 importance 7 in
7 in 9 disease
8 human 9 disease
11 chlr1 12 is
12 is 13 implicated
13 implicated 14 in
14 in 18 and
15 papillomavirus 17 maintenance
16 genome 17 maintenance
17 maintenance 18 and
18 and 19 cancer

although its precise functions in genome homeostasis are still not well understood , ongoing molecular studies of chlr1 suggest the helicase plays a critically important role in cellular replication [and/or] dna repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 although 4 functions
1 although 12 understood
1 although 13 ,
1 although 16 studies
2 its 4 functions
3 precise 4 functions
4 functions 5 in
4 functions 8 are
5 in 7 homeostasis
6 genome 7 homeostasis
8 are 10 not
8 are 11 well
8 are 12 understood
9 still 10 not
14 ongoing 16 studies
15 molecular 16 studies
16 studies 17 of
16 studies 19 suggest
17 of 18 chlr1
19 suggest 21 helicase
19 suggest 22 plays
20 the 21 helicase
21 helicase 22 plays
22 plays 26 role
22 plays 27 in
23 a 24 critically
23 a 26 role
24 critically 25 important
25 important 26 role
27 in 32 repair
28 cellular 29 replication
29 replication 32 repair
31 dna 32 repair

introduction : population aging translates into more people with chronic [non] - communicable diseases , disability , frailty and dependency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 population
2 : 5 translates
2 : 21 .
3 population 4 aging
3 population 5 translates
5 translates 6 into
5 translates 9 with
6 into 8 people
7 more 8 people
9 with 19 and
10 chronic 14 diseases
10 chronic 18 frailty
12 - 14 diseases
13 communicable 14 diseases
14 diseases 16 disability
14 diseases 17 ,
15 , 16 disability
16 disability 17 ,
18 frailty 19 and
19 and 20 dependency

the study of frailty [--] a clinical syndrome associated with an increased risk of falls , disability , hospitalization , institutionalization and death -- is important to improve clinical practice and population health indicators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 of
2 study 15 falls
3 of 4 frailty
4 frailty 8 syndrome
4 frailty 14 of
6 a 7 clinical
6 a 8 syndrome
7 clinical 8 syndrome
8 syndrome 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 risk
11 an 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
16 , 17 disability
16 , 25 is
17 disability 22 and
17 disability 25 is
18 , 22 and
19 hospitalization 20 ,
20 , 21 institutionalization
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 death
22 and 24 --
25 is 26 important
26 important 27 to
27 to 28 improve
28 improve 31 and
29 clinical 30 practice
30 practice 31 and
31 and 34 indicators
32 population 34 indicators
33 health 34 indicators

objectives : in a cohort of older adults in havana and matanzas provinces , cuba , estimate prevalence of frailty and its risk factors ; determine incidence [of] dependency ; estimate mortality risk and identify mortality predictors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 9 in
3 in 5 cohort
4 a 5 cohort
5 cohort 6 of
6 of 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
9 in 13 provinces
10 havana 11 and
11 and 12 matanzas
12 matanzas 13 provinces
13 provinces 15 cuba
14 , 15 cuba
15 cuba 16 ,
16 , 17 estimate
16 , 25 ;
17 estimate 18 prevalence
18 prevalence 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 frailty 21 and
21 and 24 factors
22 its 24 factors
23 risk 24 factors
25 ; 26 determine
25 ; 30 ;
26 determine 29 dependency
27 incidence 29 dependency
30 ; 34 and
31 estimate 33 risk
31 estimate 34 and
32 mortality 33 risk
34 and 35 identify
35 identify 37 predictors
36 mortality 37 predictors

methods : a prospective longitudinal study was conducted door [to] door , from june 2003 through july 2011 , in a cohort of 2813 adults aged ≥65 years living in selected municipalities of havana and matanzas provinces ; mean followup time was 4.1 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 door
2 : 12 ,
2 : 45 .
3 a 4 prospective
3 a 11 door
4 prospective 6 study
5 longitudinal 6 study
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 conducted
9 door 11 door
12 , 25 adults
12 , 26 aged
12 , 38 ;
13 from 14 june
13 from 25 adults
14 june 15 2003
16 through 17 july
16 through 19 ,
16 through 25 adults
17 july 18 2011
20 in 22 cohort
20 in 25 adults
21 a 22 cohort
22 cohort 23 of
23 of 24 2813
25 adults 26 aged
26 aged 28 years
27 ≥65 28 years
28 years 29 living
28 years 33 of
29 living 30 in
30 in 32 municipalities
31 selected 32 municipalities
33 of 35 and
34 havana 35 and
35 and 37 provinces
36 matanzas 37 provinces
38 ; 41 time
38 ; 42 was
39 mean 41 time
40 followup 41 time
41 time 42 was
42 was 44 years
43 4.1 44 years

independent variables included demographics , behavioral risk factors and socioeconomic indicators , chronic [non] - communicable diseases [(] hypertension , stroke , dementia , depression , diabetes , anemia ) , number of comorbidities , and apoe ε4 [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 independent 2 variables
2 variables 3 included
3 included 36 and
4 demographics 5 ,
5 , 8 factors
5 , 9 and
6 behavioral 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 and 11 indicators
9 and 12 ,
10 socioeconomic 11 indicators
12 , 19 hypertension
12 , 20 ,
13 chronic 15 -
13 chronic 17 diseases
16 communicable 17 diseases
17 diseases 19 hypertension
20 , 21 stroke
20 , 22 ,
22 , 32 number
22 , 36 and
23 dementia 25 depression
23 dementia 32 number
24 , 25 depression
25 depression 27 diabetes
25 depression 29 anemia
25 depression 31 ,
26 , 27 diabetes
27 diabetes 28 ,
28 , 29 anemia
29 anemia 30 )
32 number 33 of
33 of 34 comorbidities
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 ε4
37 apoe 38 ε4

dependent variables were frailty , dependency and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 dependent 2 variables
2 variables 3 were
3 were 7 and
4 frailty 5 ,
5 , 6 dependency
5 , 7 and
7 and 8 mortality

criteria for frailty were slow walking speed , exhaustion , weight loss , low physical activity and cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 criteria 2 for
1 criteria 4 were
2 for 3 frailty
4 were 17 and
5 slow 6 walking
5 slow 8 ,
6 walking 7 speed
8 , 9 exhaustion
8 , 10 ,
10 , 12 loss
10 , 13 ,
11 weight 12 loss
13 , 16 activity
13 , 17 and
14 low 16 activity
15 physical 16 activity
17 and 19 decline
18 cognitive 19 decline

prevalence and frailty risk were estimated by poisson regression , while dependency and mortality risks and their predictors were determined using cox regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 prevalence 2 and
2 and 4 risk
2 and 5 were
3 frailty 4 risk
5 were 6 estimated
6 estimated 7 by
7 by 9 regression
8 poisson 9 regression
10 , 16 and
10 , 19 were
11 while 13 and
11 while 16 and
12 dependency 13 and
13 and 14 mortality
15 risks 16 and
16 and 18 predictors
16 and 19 were
17 their 18 predictors
19 were 20 determined
20 determined 21 using
21 using 23 regression
22 cox 23 regression

results : frailty syndrome prevalence was 21.6 % ( ci 17.9 [%] - 23.8 % ) at baseline ; it was positively associated with advanced age , anemia and presence of comorbidities ( stroke [,] dementia , depression , three [or] more physically debilitating diseases ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 5 prevalence
2 : 6 was
2 : 19 ;
3 frailty 4 syndrome
4 syndrome 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 was
6 was 8 %
6 was 17 at
7 21.6 8 %
8 % 10 ci
9 ( 10 ci
10 ci 11 17.9
10 ci 15 %
10 ci 16 )
13 - 15 %
14 23.8 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 at 18 baseline
19 ; 20 it
20 it 21 was
21 was 22 positively
21 was 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 29 and
25 advanced 26 age
26 age 27 ,
27 , 28 anemia
27 , 29 and
29 and 30 presence
29 and 31 of
31 of 32 comorbidities
32 comorbidities 36 dementia
32 comorbidities 38 depression
33 ( 36 dementia
34 stroke 36 dementia
36 dementia 37 ,
37 , 38 depression
38 depression 40 three
38 depression 46 )
39 , 40 three
40 three 44 debilitating
40 three 46 )
42 more 43 physically
43 physically 44 debilitating
44 debilitating 45 diseases

male sex , higher educational level , married or partnered status , and more household amenities were inversely associated with frailty prevalence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 male 2 sex
2 sex 6 level
2 sex 9 or
3 , 6 level
4 higher 6 level
5 educational 6 level
6 level 7 ,
8 married 9 or
9 or 10 partnered
9 or 11 status
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 amenities
13 and 19 associated
14 more 16 amenities
15 household 16 amenities
16 amenities 17 were
17 were 18 inversely
17 were 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 prevalence
21 frailty 22 prevalence

in followup , dependency [incidence] was 33.1 per 1000 person - years ( ci 29.1 - 37.6 ) and mortality was 55.1 per 1000 person - years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dependency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
1 in 2 followup
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 dependency
4 dependency 6 was
6 was 7 33.1
7 33.1 8 per
7 33.1 12 years
8 per 10 person
9 1000 10 person
11 - 12 years
12 years 14 ci
12 years 18 )
13 ( 14 ci
14 ci 16 -
14 ci 18 )
15 29.1 16 -
16 - 17 37.6
19 and 20 mortality
19 and 21 was
20 mortality 21 was
21 was 22 55.1
22 55.1 23 per
22 55.1 27 years
23 per 25 person
24 1000 25 person
26 - 27 years
27 years 28 .

advanced age , male sex , lower occupational status during productive years , dependency , frailty , dementia , depression , cerebrovascular disease and diabetes were all associated with higher risk of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 advanced 2 age
2 age 3 ,
3 , 5 sex
3 , 6 ,
4 male 5 sex
6 , 9 status
6 , 13 ,
7 lower 9 status
8 occupational 9 status
9 status 10 during
10 during 12 years
11 productive 12 years
13 , 14 dependency
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 frailty
15 , 17 ,
17 , 23 disease
17 , 24 and
18 dementia 20 depression
18 dementia 23 disease
19 , 20 depression
20 depression 21 ,
22 cerebrovascular 23 disease
24 and 25 diabetes
24 and 26 were
26 were 28 associated
27 all 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
29 with 31 risk
30 higher 31 risk
31 risk 32 of
32 of 33 death

conclusions : given the challenge for developing countries presented by demographic and epidemiologic transition [;] the high prevalence in older adults of frailty syndrome , dependency and chronic [non] - communicable diseases [;] and the association of all these with higher mortality , attention [should] [be] targeted to older adults as a risk group . 
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 given
3 given 5 challenge
3 given 6 for
4 the 5 challenge
6 for 7 developing
7 developing 8 countries
7 developing 14 transition
8 countries 9 presented
8 countries 14 transition
9 presented 10 by
10 by 12 and
11 demographic 12 and
12 and 13 epidemiologic
14 transition 18 prevalence
16 the 18 prevalence
17 high 18 prevalence
18 prevalence 19 in
18 prevalence 22 of
19 in 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
22 of 34 and
23 frailty 24 syndrome
24 syndrome 25 ,
25 , 26 dependency
25 , 27 and
27 and 32 diseases
27 and 34 and
28 chronic 30 -
28 chronic 32 diseases
31 communicable 32 diseases
34 and 36 association
34 and 37 of
35 the 36 association
37 of 39 these
38 all 39 these
39 these 40 with
39 these 44 attention
40 with 42 mortality
41 higher 42 mortality
43 , 44 attention
44 attention 47 targeted
44 attention 55 .
47 targeted 48 to
47 targeted 51 as
48 to 50 adults
49 older 50 adults
51 as 54 group
52 a 54 group
53 risk 54 group

this should include greater social protection , age - appropriate health services , and modification and control of cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 this 2 should
2 should 3 include
3 include 6 protection
4 greater 6 protection
5 social 6 protection
6 protection 8 age
7 , 8 age
8 age 9 -
9 - 16 and
9 - 22 .
10 appropriate 11 health
11 health 12 services
12 services 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 modification
14 and 16 and
16 and 17 control
16 and 18 of
18 of 21 factors
19 cardiovascular 21 factors
20 risk 21 factors

none background : communication between dentists and patients 65 years or older is a critical aspect of providing optimum care , particularly given the increasing number of older adults and the communication barriers they often encounter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
1 none 2 background
1 none 3 :
1 none 13 is
2 background 3 :
3 : 11 or
4 communication 5 between
4 communication 11 or
5 between 10 years
6 dentists 7 and
7 and 8 patients
7 and 10 years
8 patients 9 65
11 or 12 older
13 is 16 aspect
14 a 15 critical
14 a 16 aspect
15 critical 16 aspect
16 aspect 17 of
16 aspect 23 given
17 of 18 providing
18 providing 20 care
19 optimum 20 care
21 , 23 given
22 particularly 23 given
23 given 26 number
23 given 37 .
24 the 26 number
25 increasing 26 number
26 number 27 of
26 number 34 they
26 number 36 encounter
27 of 30 and
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 30 and
30 and 33 barriers
31 the 33 barriers
32 communication 33 barriers
34 they 36 encounter
35 often 36 encounter

methods : the authors conducted a targeted literature review of the broad health communication literature and published health literacy guidelines to examine the barriers to effective communication that are specific to the older adult population , as well as strategies for overcoming these barriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 16 and
5 conducted 9 review
5 conducted 16 and
6 a 9 review
7 targeted 8 literature
8 literature 9 review
9 review 10 of
10 of 15 literature
11 the 15 literature
12 broad 13 health
13 health 15 literature
14 communication 15 literature
16 and 17 published
16 and 21 to
17 published 20 guidelines
18 health 19 literacy
19 literacy 20 guidelines
21 to 22 examine
22 examine 24 barriers
22 examine 31 to
22 examine 39 as
23 the 24 barriers
24 barriers 25 to
24 barriers 28 that
24 barriers 29 are
25 to 27 communication
26 effective 27 communication
28 that 29 are
29 are 30 specific
31 to 35 population
32 the 35 population
33 older 34 adult
34 adult 35 population
36 , 39 as
37 as 38 well
38 well 39 as
39 as 40 strategies
39 as 45 .
40 strategies 41 for
41 for 42 overcoming
42 overcoming 44 barriers
43 these 44 barriers

results : findings from health communication and health literacy research provide insight into techniques to improve communication with older patients , such as [preparing] an agenda for the appointment , exhibiting warm nonverbal behavior , listening attentively , asking open - ended questions , using simple language , presenting key points one at a time and providing patients with written instructions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 findings
2 : 31 exhibiting
3 findings 4 from
3 findings 7 and
3 findings 11 provide
3 findings 18 with
4 from 5 health
6 communication 7 and
7 and 10 research
7 and 11 provide
8 health 10 research
9 literacy 10 research
11 provide 12 insight
11 provide 13 into
11 provide 15 to
13 into 14 techniques
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 17 communication
18 with 20 patients
19 older 20 patients
20 patients 23 as
21 , 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 26 agenda
23 as 30 ,
25 an 26 agenda
26 agenda 27 for
27 for 29 appointment
28 the 29 appointment
30 , 31 exhibiting
31 exhibiting 34 behavior
31 exhibiting 45 using
31 exhibiting 62 .
32 warm 34 behavior
33 nonverbal 34 behavior
34 behavior 36 listening
34 behavior 41 -
35 , 36 listening
36 listening 37 attentively
36 listening 38 ,
38 , 41 -
39 asking 40 open
39 asking 41 -
41 - 43 questions
41 - 44 ,
42 ended 43 questions
45 using 56 and
46 simple 47 language
47 language 48 ,
48 , 51 points
48 , 56 and
49 presenting 51 points
50 key 51 points
51 points 52 one
51 points 53 at
53 at 55 time
54 a 55 time
56 and 58 patients
57 providing 58 patients
58 patients 59 with
59 with 61 instructions
60 written 61 instructions

conclusions : physical , psychological and literacy issues pertaining to both patients and providers present barriers to effective communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 and
2 : 15 present
2 : 20 .
3 physical 4 ,
4 , 5 psychological
4 , 6 and
6 and 8 issues
6 and 9 pertaining
6 and 13 and
7 literacy 8 issues
9 pertaining 10 to
10 to 12 patients
11 both 12 patients
13 and 14 providers
13 and 15 present
15 present 16 barriers
16 barriers 17 to
17 to 19 communication
18 effective 19 communication

practitioners can surmount these barriers by enacting communication strategies tailored to older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 practitioners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 surmount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 practitioners 2 can
2 can 3 surmount
3 surmount 5 barriers
3 surmount 6 by
4 these 5 barriers
6 by 7 enacting
7 enacting 9 strategies
8 communication 9 strategies
9 strategies 10 tailored
10 tailored 11 to
11 to 13 adults
12 older 13 adults

practical implications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 .
1 practical 2 implications

dentists can overcome barriers to communication and improve the quality of patient care by considering the communication barriers specific to older adults and enacting strategies to overcome these barriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dentists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 dentists 7 and
2 can 3 overcome
2 can 7 and
3 overcome 4 barriers
3 overcome 5 to
5 to 6 communication
7 and 8 improve
7 and 26 to
8 improve 10 quality
8 improve 14 by
8 improve 20 to
9 the 10 quality
10 quality 11 of
11 of 13 care
12 patient 13 care
14 by 15 considering
15 considering 18 barriers
15 considering 19 specific
16 the 18 barriers
17 communication 18 barriers
20 to 23 and
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 and
23 and 25 strategies
24 enacting 25 strategies
26 to 27 overcome
27 overcome 29 barriers
28 these 29 barriers

knee pain is commonly seen in orthopedic and rehabilitation outpatient clinical settings , and in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 knee 2 pain
2 pain 3 is
3 is 5 seen
4 commonly 5 seen
5 seen 14 and
6 in 8 and
6 in 14 and
7 orthopedic 8 and
8 and 12 settings
9 rehabilitation 12 settings
10 outpatient 12 settings
11 clinical 12 settings
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 in
15 in 18 population
16 the 18 population
17 aging 18 population

bursitis of the knee joint , especially when the volume of the synovial fluid is large enough , can compress [and] [distend] the nearby soft tissues , causing pain in the knee joint . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bursitis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 compress
1 bursitis 2 of
1 bursitis 19 can
2 of 5 joint
3 the 5 joint
4 knee 5 joint
6 , 7 especially
6 , 8 when
8 when 10 volume
8 when 15 is
8 when 18 ,
8 when 19 can
9 the 10 volume
10 volume 11 of
10 volume 15 is
11 of 14 fluid
12 the 14 fluid
13 synovial 14 fluid
15 is 16 large
16 large 17 enough
19 can 20 compress
20 compress 26 tissues
23 the 26 tissues
24 nearby 26 tissues
25 soft 26 tissues
26 tissues 28 causing
27 , 28 causing
28 causing 29 pain
28 causing 30 in
28 causing 34 .
30 in 33 joint
31 the 33 joint
32 knee 33 joint

out of all the bursae surrounding the knee joint , supra - patellar bursitis is most often associated with knee pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 out
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 out 2 of
1 out 6 surrounding
1 out 15 is
2 of 3 all
3 all 4 the
3 all 5 bursae
4 the 5 bursae
6 surrounding 14 bursitis
7 the 14 bursitis
8 knee 14 bursitis
9 joint 10 ,
9 joint 14 bursitis
11 supra 12 -
11 supra 14 bursitis
13 patellar 14 bursitis
15 is 16 most
16 most 18 associated
17 often 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 21 pain
20 knee 21 pain

treatment strategies in managing supra - patellar bursitis include the aspiration of joint synovial fluid and then followed by steroid injection into the bursa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 treatment 2 strategies
2 strategies 3 in
2 strategies 16 and
3 in 4 managing
4 managing 8 bursitis
5 supra 6 -
5 supra 8 bursitis
7 patellar 8 bursitis
9 include 11 aspiration
9 include 16 and
10 the 11 aspiration
11 aspiration 12 of
12 of 15 fluid
13 joint 15 fluid
14 synovial 15 fluid
16 and 18 followed
17 then 18 followed
18 followed 19 by
18 followed 21 injection
18 followed 22 into
20 steroid 21 injection
22 into 24 bursa
23 the 24 bursa

when supra - patellar bursitis [is] caused [by] degenerative disorders , the concept of viscosupplementation treatment may be effective by injecting hyaluronic acid into the bursa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 when 5 bursitis
1 when 7 caused
1 when 11 ,
1 when 13 concept
2 supra 3 -
2 supra 5 bursitis
4 patellar 5 bursitis
5 bursitis 7 caused
7 caused 10 disorders
9 degenerative 10 disorders
12 the 13 concept
13 concept 14 of
13 concept 17 may
14 of 16 treatment
15 viscosupplementation 16 treatment
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 effective
19 effective 20 by
19 effective 24 into
20 by 21 injecting
21 injecting 23 acid
22 hyaluronic 23 acid
24 into 26 bursa
25 the 26 bursa

however , the rheology or the changes in the concentrations of proteins ( biomarkers ) that are related to the development of bursitis in the synovial fluid is virtually unexplored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 fluid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 27 fluid
2 , 18 related
3 the 4 rheology
4 rheology 5 or
5 or 7 changes
5 or 8 in
5 or 18 related
6 the 7 changes
8 in 10 concentrations
9 the 10 concentrations
10 concentrations 11 of
10 concentrations 16 that
10 concentrations 17 are
11 of 12 proteins
12 proteins 14 biomarkers
13 ( 14 biomarkers
14 biomarkers 15 )
16 that 17 are
18 related 19 to
18 related 27 fluid
19 to 21 development
20 the 21 development
21 development 22 of
22 of 23 bursitis
23 bursitis 24 in
24 in 26 synovial
25 the 26 synovial
27 fluid 28 is
28 is 30 unexplored
29 virtually 30 unexplored

therefore , this study aimed to identify the concentration changes in the synovial fluid total protein amount and individual proteins associated with supra - patellar bursitis using the bradford protein assay and western immunoglobulin methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 10 changes
5 aimed 11 in
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 9 concentration
8 the 9 concentration
11 in 17 amount
12 the 17 amount
13 synovial 16 protein
14 fluid 16 protein
15 total 16 protein
16 protein 17 amount
18 and 20 proteins
18 and 21 associated
19 individual 20 proteins
20 proteins 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 27 using
22 with 26 bursitis
23 supra 24 -
23 supra 26 bursitis
25 patellar 26 bursitis
27 using 32 and
28 the 31 assay
29 bradford 30 protein
30 protein 31 assay
31 assay 32 and
32 and 35 methods
33 western 34 immunoglobulin
34 immunoglobulin 35 methods

a total of 20 patients were divided into two groups with 10 patients in each group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 patients
4 20 5 patients
6 were 7 divided
7 divided 8 into
7 divided 14 in
8 into 10 groups
9 two 10 groups
10 groups 11 with
11 with 13 patients
12 10 13 patients
14 in 16 group
15 each 16 group

one group received the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid product of synvisc hylan g - [f] 20 and the other group received the low molecular weight hyaluronic acid product of hya - joint synovial fluid supplement once per week injection into the bursa for a total of 3 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 one 2 group
2 group 3 received
3 received 10 product
4 the 10 product
5 high 7 weight
6 molecular 7 weight
7 weight 10 product
8 hyaluronic 9 acid
9 acid 10 product
10 product 11 of
11 of 13 hylan
12 synvisc 13 hylan
13 hylan 14 g
15 - 17 20
15 - 18 and
15 - 32 -
18 and 21 group
18 and 22 received
19 the 20 other
20 other 21 group
21 group 22 received
22 received 29 product
23 the 29 product
24 low 26 weight
25 molecular 26 weight
26 weight 29 product
27 hyaluronic 28 acid
28 acid 29 product
29 product 30 of
30 of 31 hya
32 - 33 joint
32 - 50 .
33 joint 36 supplement
33 joint 37 once
33 joint 41 into
34 synovial 35 fluid
35 fluid 36 supplement
37 once 38 per
38 per 40 injection
39 week 40 injection
41 into 43 bursa
42 the 43 bursa
43 bursa 44 for
43 bursa 47 of
44 for 46 total
45 a 46 total
47 of 49 weeks
48 3 49 weeks

significant decreases in the synovial fluid total protein concentrations were observed after the second dosage of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid injections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 observed
1 significant 2 decreases
2 decreases 3 in
3 in 6 fluid
4 the 6 fluid
5 synovial 6 fluid
7 total 8 protein
8 protein 9 concentrations
8 protein 10 were
8 protein 11 observed
9 concentrations 10 were
11 observed 12 after
11 observed 23 .
12 after 15 dosage
13 the 14 second
13 the 15 dosage
15 dosage 16 of
16 of 22 injections
17 high 19 weight
18 molecular 19 weight
19 weight 22 injections
20 hyaluronic 21 acid
21 acid 22 injections

apolipoprotein a - i [,] interleukin 1 beta , alpha 1 antitrypsin , and matrix metalloproteinase 1 proteins revealed a trend of decreasing western immunoblotting band densities after hyaluronic acid injections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 beta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 apolipoprotein 8 beta
2 a 3 -
3 - 4 i
3 - 8 beta
6 interleukin 7 1
6 interleukin 8 beta
9 , 18 proteins
9 , 19 revealed
10 alpha 18 proteins
11 1 12 antitrypsin
12 antitrypsin 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 matrix
14 and 18 proteins
16 metalloproteinase 17 1
16 metalloproteinase 18 proteins
18 proteins 19 revealed
19 revealed 21 trend
20 a 21 trend
21 trend 22 of
22 of 23 decreasing
23 decreasing 27 densities
23 decreasing 28 after
24 western 27 densities
25 immunoblotting 27 densities
26 band 27 densities
28 after 31 injections
29 hyaluronic 30 acid
30 acid 31 injections

the decreases in apolipoprotein a - i [and] interleukin 1 beta protein band densities were significant in the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid injection group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 decreases
2 decreases 3 in
2 decreases 15 were
3 in 14 densities
4 apolipoprotein 14 densities
5 a 6 -
6 - 7 i
6 - 9 interleukin
9 interleukin 10 1
9 interleukin 14 densities
11 beta 12 protein
12 protein 13 band
13 band 14 densities
15 were 16 significant
16 significant 17 in
17 in 25 group
18 the 25 group
19 high 21 weight
20 molecular 21 weight
21 weight 25 group
22 hyaluronic 24 injection
23 acid 24 injection
24 injection 25 group

transthyretin , complement 5 , and matrilin 3 proteins revealed a trend of increasing western immunoblotting band densities after hyaluronic acid injections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 transthyretin 2 ,
2 , 3 complement
2 , 6 and
3 complement 4 5
5 , 6 and
6 and 9 proteins
6 and 10 revealed
7 matrilin 8 3
7 matrilin 9 proteins
10 revealed 12 trend
11 a 12 trend
12 trend 13 of
12 trend 19 after
13 of 18 densities
14 increasing 15 western
15 western 18 densities
16 immunoblotting 18 densities
17 band 18 densities
19 after 22 injections
20 hyaluronic 22 injections
21 acid 22 injections

transthyretin revealed significant increases in protein band densities in both the high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid injection groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 transthyretin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 transthyretin 2 revealed
2 revealed 4 increases
2 revealed 9 in
3 significant 4 increases
4 increases 5 in
5 in 8 densities
6 protein 8 densities
7 band 8 densities
9 in 13 and
10 both 13 and
11 the 12 high
12 high 13 and
13 and 20 groups
14 low 20 groups
15 molecular 16 weight
16 weight 19 injection
17 hyaluronic 18 acid
18 acid 19 injection
19 injection 20 groups

this study may provide the rationale for targeting several biomarkers associated with lipid transport , inflammation , and anti - aging as possible disease modifying therapies for the treatment of supra - patellar bursitis and even degenerative joint disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 may
3 may 4 provide
4 provide 6 rationale
4 provide 12 with
5 the 6 rationale
6 rationale 7 for
7 for 10 biomarkers
8 targeting 10 biomarkers
9 several 10 biomarkers
10 biomarkers 11 associated
12 with 18 and
13 lipid 14 transport
14 transport 15 ,
15 , 16 inflammation
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 24 disease
18 and 25 modifying
19 anti 20 -
19 anti 24 disease
21 aging 24 disease
22 as 23 possible
23 possible 24 disease
25 modifying 26 therapies
25 modifying 27 for
27 for 35 and
28 the 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 of
29 treatment 35 and
30 of 34 bursitis
31 supra 32 -
31 supra 34 bursitis
33 patellar 34 bursitis
35 and 39 disorders
36 even 37 degenerative
37 degenerative 38 joint
38 joint 39 disorders

centenarians are rare and exceptional individuals characterized by a peculiar phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 centenarians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 centenarians 2 are
2 are 6 individuals
3 rare 4 and
4 and 5 exceptional
4 and 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 characterized
7 characterized 8 by
8 by 11 phenotype
9 a 10 peculiar
9 a 11 phenotype
10 peculiar 11 phenotype

they are the best example of healthy aging in humans as most of [them] have escaped or substantially delayed the onset of major age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 5 example
3 the 4 best
3 the 5 example
5 example 6 of
5 example 13 of
6 of 8 aging
7 healthy 8 aging
8 aging 9 in
9 in 10 humans
10 humans 11 as
11 as 12 most
13 of 17 or
15 have 16 escaped
15 have 17 or
17 or 19 delayed
18 substantially 19 delayed
19 delayed 21 onset
20 the 21 onset
21 onset 22 of
22 of 24 age
23 major 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 diseases

within this scenario , the purpose of the present work was to understand if immune status is associated with survival and health status in centenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 within 3 scenario
1 within 4 ,
1 within 6 purpose
2 this 3 scenario
5 the 6 purpose
6 purpose 7 of
6 purpose 11 was
7 of 10 work
8 the 10 work
9 present 10 work
11 was 12 to
11 was 13 understand
12 to 13 understand
13 understand 14 if
14 if 16 status
14 if 18 associated
15 immune 16 status
16 status 17 is
17 is 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 21 and
20 survival 21 and
21 and 23 status
21 and 24 in
22 health 23 status
24 in 25 centenarians

to this aim , 116 centenarians were concomitantly characterized for their immunological , health and functional status , and followed - up for five - year survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 centenarians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 3 aim
1 to 4 ,
1 to 6 centenarians
2 this 3 aim
5 116 6 centenarians
6 centenarians 19 and
7 were 9 characterized
7 were 19 and
8 concomitantly 9 characterized
9 characterized 10 for
10 for 15 and
11 their 14 health
12 immunological 13 ,
12 immunological 14 health
14 health 15 and
15 and 17 status
16 functional 17 status
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 followed
19 and 22 up
19 and 27 survival
21 - 22 up
22 up 23 for
22 up 25 -
23 for 24 five
26 year 27 survival

ated [to] frailty , as well as functional and cognitive status , did not show any significant correlation with the immune clustering , despite being capable per se of predicting survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 show
1 ated 3 frailty
3 frailty 7 as
3 frailty 13 did
4 , 7 as
5 as 6 well
6 well 7 as
7 as 11 status
7 as 12 ,
8 functional 9 and
9 and 10 cognitive
9 and 11 status
13 did 14 not
13 did 15 show
15 show 18 correlation
16 any 18 correlation
17 significant 18 correlation
18 correlation 19 with
18 correlation 22 clustering
19 with 21 immune
20 the 21 immune
22 clustering 24 despite
23 , 24 despite
24 despite 25 being
24 despite 32 .
25 being 26 capable
26 capable 28 se
26 capable 29 of
27 per 28 se
29 of 30 predicting
30 predicting 31 survival

in conclusion , high values of basic immunological parameters and important [t] cell subsets correlate with five - year survival in centenarians , independent of other phenotypic characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 5 values
3 , 10 and
4 high 5 values
5 values 6 of
6 of 9 parameters
7 basic 9 parameters
8 immunological 9 parameters
10 and 13 cell
10 and 14 subsets
10 and 15 correlate
10 and 25 of
11 important 13 cell
14 subsets 15 correlate
15 correlate 16 with
16 with 17 five
16 with 24 independent
17 five 20 survival
18 - 20 survival
19 year 20 survival
20 survival 21 in
20 survival 23 ,
21 in 22 centenarians
25 of 28 characteristics
26 other 28 characteristics
27 phenotypic 28 characteristics

this unexpected biological scenario is compatible with the general hypothesis that in centenarians a progressive disconnection and loss of biological coherence among the different functions of the body occur , [where] [survival/mortality] result from the failure of any of these domains which apparently follow an independent age - related trajectory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scenario
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 this 4 scenario
2 unexpected 4 scenario
3 biological 4 scenario
4 scenario 5 is
5 is 6 compatible
6 compatible 7 with
7 with 10 hypothesis
8 the 10 hypothesis
9 general 10 hypothesis
10 hypothesis 11 that
11 that 17 and
11 that 29 occur
12 in 13 centenarians
12 in 17 and
14 a 16 disconnection
15 progressive 16 disconnection
16 disconnection 17 and
17 and 18 loss
17 and 19 of
17 and 29 occur
19 of 21 coherence
20 biological 21 coherence
21 coherence 22 among
21 coherence 26 of
22 among 25 functions
23 the 25 functions
24 different 25 functions
26 of 28 body
27 the 28 body
30 , 33 result
30 , 48 -
33 result 34 from
34 from 36 failure
35 the 36 failure
36 failure 37 of
37 of 38 any
38 any 39 of
39 of 41 domains
40 these 41 domains
41 domains 42 which
41 domains 44 follow
42 which 44 follow
43 apparently 44 follow
44 follow 47 age
45 an 46 independent
45 an 47 age
46 independent 47 age
48 - 50 trajectory
49 related 50 trajectory

hyperglycemia in diabetes results in the glycation of long - [lived] proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hyperglycemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 hyperglycemia 2 in
1 hyperglycemia 4 results
2 in 3 diabetes
4 results 5 in
5 in 7 glycation
6 the 7 glycation
7 glycation 8 of
8 of 12 proteins
9 long 10 -
9 long 12 proteins

protein glycation leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products ( ages ) , which are implicated in delayed wound healing and other diabetes - associated pathologies , one of which is periodontal disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 associated
1 protein 3 leads
2 glycation 3 leads
3 leads 4 to
3 leads 7 of
3 leads 13 ages
3 leads 16 which
3 leads 27 associated
4 to 6 formation
5 the 6 formation
7 of 11 products
8 advanced 11 products
9 glycation 11 products
10 end 11 products
12 ( 13 ages
13 ages 14 )
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 are
16 which 26 -
17 are 18 implicated
18 implicated 19 in
19 in 23 and
20 delayed 21 wound
21 wound 22 healing
22 healing 23 and
23 and 25 diabetes
24 other 25 diabetes
27 associated 28 pathologies
28 pathologies 30 one
29 , 30 one
30 one 31 of
30 one 36 .
31 of 32 which
32 which 33 is
33 is 35 disease
34 periodontal 35 disease

research into the mechanisms by which glycated long - [lived] proteins such as collagen exert their effects can allow for the understanding of diabetic pathologies and the development of appropriate treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 research 2 into
1 research 5 by
1 research 18 can
2 into 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
5 by 6 which
5 by 11 proteins
5 by 15 exert
7 glycated 11 proteins
8 long 9 -
8 long 11 proteins
11 proteins 13 as
11 proteins 15 exert
12 such 13 as
13 as 14 collagen
15 exert 17 effects
16 their 17 effects
18 can 20 for
19 allow 20 for
20 for 22 understanding
21 the 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
23 of 26 and
24 diabetic 25 pathologies
25 pathologies 26 and
26 and 28 development
26 and 29 of
27 the 28 development
29 of 31 treatments
30 appropriate 31 treatments

however , the high cost of purified protein can be a limitation for many laboratories around the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 cost
3 the 5 cost
4 high 5 cost
5 cost 6 of
5 cost 9 can
6 of 8 protein
7 purified 8 protein
9 can 10 be
10 be 12 limitation
11 a 12 limitation
12 limitation 13 for
13 for 15 laboratories
14 many 15 laboratories
15 laboratories 16 around
16 around 18 world
17 the 18 world

the objective of this study was to develop a low - cost in vitro model [of] glycated gelatine as an alternative to the glycated collagen model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 develop
7 to 8 develop
8 develop 10 low
9 a 10 low
11 - 12 cost
11 - 27 .
12 cost 14 vitro
12 cost 18 gelatine
13 in 14 vitro
15 model 17 glycated
17 glycated 18 gelatine
18 gelatine 19 as
19 as 21 alternative
20 an 21 alternative
21 alternative 22 to
22 to 26 model
23 the 26 model
24 glycated 26 model
25 collagen 26 model

we investigated the glycation of gelatine type a , a denatured form of collagen , which is low - cost and abundantly available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 glycation
3 the 4 glycation
4 glycation 5 of
5 of 7 type
6 gelatine 7 type
7 type 8 a
7 type 12 form
7 type 16 which
9 , 12 form
10 a 11 denatured
10 a 12 form
11 denatured 12 form
12 form 13 of
12 form 15 ,
13 of 14 collagen
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 is
16 which 19 -
17 is 18 low
19 - 21 and
20 cost 21 and
21 and 23 available
22 abundantly 23 available

in this study , gelatine was incubated for 7 days with ribose or methylglyoxal ( mg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 gelatine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incubated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 gelatine
2 this 3 study
5 gelatine 6 was
6 was 7 incubated
7 incubated 8 for
7 incubated 11 with
8 for 10 days
9 7 10 days
11 with 13 or
12 ribose 13 or
13 or 14 methylglyoxal
13 or 16 mg
15 ( 16 mg
16 mg 17 )

cross - linking , autofluorescence and uv - vis spectrophotometry assays were performed and indicated a dose [-] dependent linear increase in cross - linking and autofluorescence of gelatine by ribose and mg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cross
1 cross 3 linking
2 - 3 linking
3 linking 8 -
3 linking 26 and
3 linking 30 by
3 linking 34 .
4 , 8 -
5 autofluorescence 6 and
6 and 7 uv
6 and 8 -
8 - 9 vis
8 - 24 -
9 vis 11 assays
9 vis 23 cross
10 spectrophotometry 11 assays
11 assays 14 and
11 assays 23 cross
12 were 13 performed
12 were 14 and
14 and 15 indicated
14 and 22 in
15 indicated 21 increase
16 a 21 increase
17 dose 21 increase
19 dependent 21 increase
20 linear 21 increase
25 linking 26 and
26 and 27 autofluorescence
26 and 28 of
28 of 29 gelatine
30 by 32 and
31 ribose 32 and
32 and 33 mg

mg produced more cross [-] linking compared to ribose at the same concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 mg 2 produced
2 produced 6 linking
3 more 6 linking
4 cross 6 linking
6 linking 7 compared
7 compared 8 to
7 compared 10 at
8 to 9 ribose
10 at 13 concentrations
11 the 12 same
12 same 13 concentrations

the uv - vis spectra of the glycated gelatines confirmed the presence of age fluorophores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 uv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 uv
3 - 5 spectra
3 - 10 confirmed
3 - 16 .
4 vis 5 spectra
5 spectra 6 of
5 spectra 10 confirmed
6 of 9 gelatines
7 the 9 gelatines
8 glycated 9 gelatines
10 confirmed 12 presence
10 confirmed 15 fluorophores
11 the 12 presence
12 presence 13 of
12 presence 15 fluorophores
13 of 14 age

because diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease , the effect of the glycated substrates on the basic behaviour of human periodontal [ligament] ( hpdl ) cells was evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 because 2 diabetes
1 because 3 is
1 because 10 ,
1 because 12 effect
2 diabetes 3 is
3 is 6 factor
4 a 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
6 factor 7 for
7 for 9 disease
8 periodontal 9 disease
11 the 12 effect
12 effect 13 of
12 effect 17 on
12 effect 29 was
13 of 16 substrates
14 the 16 substrates
15 glycated 16 substrates
17 on 20 behaviour
18 the 20 behaviour
19 basic 20 behaviour
20 behaviour 21 of
21 of 28 cells
22 human 28 cells
23 periodontal 26 hpdl
23 periodontal 28 cells
25 ( 26 hpdl
26 hpdl 27 )
29 was 30 evaluated

glycation dose dependently reduced hpdl attachment and cell spreading , indicating that the novel glycated gelatine substrate affects cell behaviour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 glycation 6 attachment
2 dose 6 attachment
3 dependently 4 reduced
4 reduced 6 attachment
5 hpdl 6 attachment
6 attachment 7 and
7 and 8 cell
7 and 9 spreading
9 spreading 11 indicating
10 , 11 indicating
11 indicating 12 that
11 indicating 21 .
12 that 17 substrate
12 that 18 affects
13 the 17 substrate
14 novel 15 glycated
15 glycated 16 gelatine
16 gelatine 17 substrate
17 substrate 18 affects
18 affects 20 behaviour
19 cell 20 behaviour

these results show that gelatine glycated with ribose or mg can be used as low - cost in vitro models to study the effects of protein glycation on cell behaviour in diabetes and ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 9 or
4 that 13 used
5 gelatine 6 glycated
5 gelatine 7 with
5 gelatine 9 or
7 with 8 ribose
9 or 10 mg
9 or 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 used
13 used 15 low
14 as 15 low
16 - 17 cost
16 - 20 models
16 - 35 .
17 cost 20 models
18 in 19 vitro
19 vitro 20 models
20 models 21 to
20 models 27 glycation
20 models 28 on
20 models 31 in
21 to 22 study
22 study 24 effects
23 the 24 effects
24 effects 25 of
25 of 26 protein
28 on 30 behaviour
29 cell 30 behaviour
31 in 33 and
32 diabetes 33 and
33 and 34 ageing

[none] none mindfulness - based stress reduction ( mbsr ) reduces symptoms of depression , anxiety , and fear of recurrence among breast cancer ( bc ) survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mindfulness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 none 3 mindfulness
3 mindfulness 7 reduction
3 mindfulness 11 reduces
4 - 7 reduction
5 based 7 reduction
6 stress 7 reduction
7 reduction 9 mbsr
7 reduction 10 )
8 ( 9 mbsr
9 mbsr 10 )
11 reduces 28 survivors
12 symptoms 13 of
12 symptoms 15 ,
13 of 14 depression
15 , 16 anxiety
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 fear
18 and 20 of
18 and 22 among
18 and 28 survivors
20 of 21 recurrence
22 among 24 cancer
23 breast 24 cancer
24 cancer 26 bc
25 ( 26 bc
26 bc 27 )

however , the effects of mbsr ( bc ) on telomere length ( tl ) and telomerase activity ( ta ) , known markers of cellular aging , psychological stress , and disease risk , are not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 effects
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 36 are
5 of 16 and
6 mbsr 8 bc
6 mbsr 10 on
6 mbsr 16 and
7 ( 8 bc
8 bc 9 )
10 on 12 length
11 telomere 12 length
12 length 14 tl
13 ( 14 tl
14 tl 15 )
16 and 18 activity
16 and 20 ta
16 and 24 markers
17 telomerase 18 activity
19 ( 20 ta
20 ta 21 )
22 , 24 markers
23 known 24 markers
24 markers 25 of
24 markers 35 ,
25 of 32 and
26 cellular 27 aging
26 cellular 28 ,
28 , 30 stress
28 , 32 and
29 psychological 30 stress
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 risk
33 disease 34 risk
36 are 37 not
36 are 38 known

this randomized [,] wait - listed , controlled study , nested within a larger trial , investigated the effects of mbsr ( bc ) on tl and ta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 wait
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 this 4 wait
2 randomized 4 wait
4 wait 6 listed
4 wait 10 ,
5 - 6 listed
6 listed 7 ,
8 controlled 9 study
8 controlled 10 ,
10 , 16 ,
11 nested 12 within
11 nested 16 ,
12 within 15 trial
13 a 15 trial
14 larger 15 trial
16 , 17 investigated
17 investigated 19 effects
17 investigated 25 on
18 the 19 effects
19 effects 20 of
19 effects 23 bc
20 of 21 mbsr
22 ( 23 bc
23 bc 24 )
25 on 28 ta
26 tl 27 and
27 and 28 ta
28 ta 29 .

assessments of ta and tl were obtained along with psychological measurements at baseline , 6 weeks , and 12 weeks after completing the mbsr ( bc ) program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 assessments 2 of
1 assessments 4 and
2 of 3 ta
4 and 5 tl
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 9 with
7 obtained 12 at
8 along 9 with
9 with 11 measurements
10 psychological 11 measurements
12 at 13 baseline
13 baseline 16 weeks
14 , 16 weeks
15 6 16 weeks
16 weeks 17 ,
18 and 20 weeks
18 and 28 program
19 12 20 weeks
20 weeks 21 after
20 weeks 28 program
21 after 22 completing
22 completing 24 mbsr
23 the 24 mbsr
24 mbsr 26 bc
25 ( 26 bc
26 bc 27 )

the mean age of 142 participants was 55.3 years ; 72 % were [non] - hispanic white ; 78 % had stage i or [ii] cancer ; and 36 % received both chemotherapy and radiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 7 was
4 of 6 participants
5 142 6 participants
7 was 9 years
8 55.3 9 years
10 ; 12 %
10 ; 13 were
10 ; 15 -
11 72 12 %
12 % 13 were
15 - 17 white
15 - 18 ;
16 hispanic 17 white
18 ; 20 %
18 ; 21 had
18 ; 27 ;
19 78 20 %
20 % 21 had
21 had 24 or
22 stage 23 i
22 stage 24 or
24 or 26 cancer
27 ; 28 and
28 and 30 %
28 and 31 received
29 36 30 %
30 % 31 received
31 received 34 and
32 both 34 and
33 chemotherapy 34 and
34 and 35 radiation

in analyses adjusted for baseline ta and psychological status , ta increased steadily over 12 weeks in the mbsr ( bc ) group ( approximately 17 % ) compared to essentially [no] increase in the control group ( approximately 3 % , p < [.] 01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 in 2 analyses
1 in 7 and
2 analyses 3 adjusted
4 for 5 baseline
4 for 7 and
6 ta 7 and
7 and 9 status
7 and 10 ,
7 and 11 ta
7 and 29 compared
8 psychological 9 status
10 , 11 ta
11 ta 12 increased
11 ta 28 )
12 increased 13 steadily
12 increased 14 over
12 increased 17 in
14 over 16 weeks
15 12 16 weeks
17 in 23 group
18 the 23 group
19 mbsr 21 bc
19 mbsr 23 group
20 ( 21 bc
21 bc 22 )
23 group 27 %
24 ( 27 %
25 approximately 26 17
26 17 27 %
27 % 28 )
29 compared 30 to
30 to 33 increase
31 essentially 33 increase
33 increase 34 in
34 in 37 group
35 the 37 group
36 control 37 group
37 group 41 %
38 ( 41 %
39 approximately 40 3
40 3 41 %
41 % 44 <
41 % 47 )
42 , 44 <
43 p 44 <
44 < 46 01

in contrast , no [between] [-] group difference was observed for tl ( p = [.] 92 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 difference
4 no 8 difference
7 group 8 difference
8 difference 9 was
9 was 10 observed
10 observed 11 for
11 for 12 tl
12 tl 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 17 92
15 = 18 )

these results provide preliminary evidence that mbsr ( bc ) increases ta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bc patients and have implications for understanding how mbsr ( bc ) may extend cell longevity at the cellular level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 5 evidence
4 preliminary 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 7 mbsr
6 that 22 have
7 mbsr 9 bc
7 mbsr 21 and
8 ( 9 bc
9 bc 10 )
11 increases 12 ta
11 increases 13 in
11 increases 21 and
13 in 17 cells
14 peripheral 15 blood
15 blood 17 cells
16 mononuclear 17 cells
17 cells 18 from
18 from 20 patients
19 bc 20 patients
21 and 22 have
22 have 23 implications
22 have 35 at
23 implications 24 for
24 for 25 understanding
25 understanding 26 how
26 how 27 mbsr
26 how 32 extend
27 mbsr 29 bc
27 mbsr 31 may
28 ( 29 bc
29 bc 30 )
31 may 32 extend
32 extend 34 longevity
33 cell 34 longevity
35 at 38 level
36 the 38 level
37 cellular 38 level

protein - energy [homeostasis] is a major determinant of healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 energy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 protein 2 -
1 protein 3 energy
3 energy 5 is
5 is 8 determinant
6 a 7 major
6 a 8 determinant
7 major 8 determinant
8 determinant 9 of
9 of 11 aging
10 healthy 11 aging

inadequate nutritional intakes and physical activity , together with endocrine disturbances are associated with [of] sarcopenia and frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 inadequate 3 intakes
2 nutritional 3 intakes
3 intakes 4 and
4 and 6 activity
4 and 7 ,
4 and 9 with
4 and 12 are
5 physical 6 activity
8 together 9 with
9 with 11 disturbances
10 endocrine 11 disturbances
12 are 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 and
16 sarcopenia 17 and
17 and 18 frailty

guidelines from scientific societies mainly address the quantitative aspects of protein and energy nutrition [in] [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 guidelines 2 from
1 guidelines 6 address
2 from 4 societies
3 scientific 4 societies
5 mainly 6 address
6 address 12 and
7 the 12 and
8 quantitative 9 aspects
9 aspects 10 of
9 aspects 12 and
10 of 11 protein
12 and 14 nutrition
13 energy 14 nutrition

besides these quantitative aspects of protein load [,] perspective strategies to promote muscle protein synthesis and prevent sarcopenia include pulse feeding , the use of fast proteins and the addition of leucine or citrulline to dietary protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 load
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 besides 4 aspects
2 these 4 aspects
3 quantitative 4 aspects
4 aspects 5 of
4 aspects 7 load
5 of 6 protein
7 load 10 strategies
7 load 11 to
9 perspective 10 strategies
11 to 16 and
12 promote 15 synthesis
12 promote 16 and
13 muscle 15 synthesis
14 protein 15 synthesis
16 and 17 prevent
17 prevent 21 feeding
18 sarcopenia 21 feeding
19 include 20 pulse
20 pulse 21 feeding
22 , 28 and
23 the 24 use
24 use 25 of
24 use 28 and
25 of 27 proteins
26 fast 27 proteins
28 and 30 addition
28 and 31 of
28 and 35 to
29 the 30 addition
31 of 33 or
32 leucine 33 or
33 or 34 citrulline
35 to 37 protein
36 dietary 37 protein

an integrated management of sarcopenia , taking into account the determinants of muscle wasting , i.e . nutrition , physical activity , anabolic factors such as androgens , vitamin d and n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids status , needs to be tested in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 an
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 an 2 integrated
2 integrated 3 management
3 management 4 of
4 of 5 sarcopenia
5 sarcopenia 7 taking
6 , 7 taking
7 taking 9 account
7 taking 11 determinants
7 taking 15 ,
8 into 9 account
10 the 11 determinants
11 determinants 12 of
12 of 14 wasting
13 muscle 14 wasting
15 , 16 i.e
17 . 18 nutrition
17 . 40 needs
17 . 51 .
18 nutrition 21 activity
18 nutrition 24 factors
18 nutrition 31 and
18 nutrition 40 needs
19 , 21 activity
20 physical 21 activity
21 activity 22 ,
22 , 24 factors
23 anabolic 24 factors
24 factors 26 as
24 factors 28 ,
25 such 26 as
26 as 27 androgens
28 , 31 and
29 vitamin 30 d
29 vitamin 31 and
31 and 38 status
31 and 39 ,
32 n 33 -
33 - 34 3
33 - 38 status
35 polyunsaturated 37 acids
36 fatty 37 acids
37 acids 38 status
40 needs 41 to
40 needs 43 tested
41 to 42 be
42 be 43 tested
43 tested 44 in
44 in 47 and
45 the 46 prevention
46 prevention 47 and
47 and 48 treatment
47 and 49 of
49 of 50 sarcopenia

the importance of physical activity , specifically resistance training , is emphasized , [not] only in order to facilitate muscle protein anabolism but also to increase appetite and food intake in elderly people at risk of malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 emphasized
1 the 2 importance
2 importance 3 of
2 importance 11 is
3 of 5 activity
4 physical 5 activity
5 activity 9 training
6 , 7 specifically
6 , 9 training
8 resistance 9 training
9 training 10 ,
11 is 12 emphasized
12 emphasized 16 in
13 , 15 only
13 , 16 in
16 in 17 order
16 in 38 .
17 order 18 to
17 order 19 facilitate
18 to 19 facilitate
19 facilitate 28 and
20 muscle 22 anabolism
21 protein 22 anabolism
22 anabolism 23 but
22 anabolism 28 and
23 but 25 to
23 but 26 increase
24 also 25 to
25 to 26 increase
26 increase 27 appetite
28 and 30 intake
28 and 34 at
28 and 36 of
29 food 30 intake
30 intake 31 in
31 in 33 people
32 elderly 33 people
34 at 35 risk
36 of 37 malnutrition

according to present data , healthy nutrition in elderly [should] respect the guidelines for protein and energy requirement , privilege a mediterranean way of alimentation , [and] be associated with a regular physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 privilege
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 data
2 to 19 ,
2 to 20 privilege
3 present 4 data
4 data 7 nutrition
5 , 7 nutrition
6 healthy 7 nutrition
7 nutrition 8 in
7 nutrition 19 ,
8 in 18 requirement
9 elderly 11 respect
11 respect 18 requirement
12 the 13 guidelines
13 guidelines 14 for
13 guidelines 16 and
14 for 15 protein
16 and 17 energy
16 and 18 requirement
20 privilege 23 way
21 a 23 way
22 mediterranean 23 way
23 way 24 of
24 of 25 alimentation
26 , 28 be
28 be 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 34 activity
31 a 32 regular
31 a 34 activity
32 regular 34 activity
33 physical 34 activity

further issues relate to the identification of the genetics determinants of protein energy wasting [in] [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 further 2 issues
2 issues 3 relate
3 relate 4 to
3 relate 10 determinants
4 to 6 identification
5 the 6 identification
6 identification 7 of
7 of 9 genetics
8 the 9 genetics
10 determinants 11 of
11 of 14 wasting
12 protein 14 wasting
13 energy 14 wasting

diminished skeletal muscle performance with aging , disuse , and disease may be partially attributed to the loss of myofilament proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 diminished 3 muscle
2 skeletal 3 muscle
3 muscle 4 performance
4 performance 5 with
4 performance 7 ,
5 with 6 aging
7 , 8 disuse
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 disease
10 and 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 15 attributed
14 partially 15 attributed
15 attributed 16 to
16 to 18 loss
17 the 18 loss
18 loss 19 of
19 of 21 proteins
20 myofilament 21 proteins

several laboratories have found a disproportionate loss of myosin protein content relative to other myofilament proteins , but due to methodological limitations , the structural manifestation of this protein loss is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 laboratories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 several 2 laboratories
2 laboratories 3 have
3 have 4 found
4 found 7 loss
4 found 11 content
5 a 6 disproportionate
5 a 7 loss
6 disproportionate 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
8 of 10 protein
9 myosin 10 protein
11 content 12 relative
12 relative 18 but
13 to 16 proteins
13 to 18 but
14 other 16 proteins
15 myofilament 16 proteins
17 , 18 but
18 but 20 to
19 due 20 to
20 to 22 limitations
21 methodological 22 limitations
23 , 26 manifestation
23 , 31 is
24 the 26 manifestation
25 structural 26 manifestation
26 manifestation 27 of
26 manifestation 31 is
27 of 30 loss
28 this 30 loss
29 protein 30 loss
31 is 32 unknown

to [investigate] [how] variations in myosin content affect ensemble cross - bridge behavior and force production we simulated muscle contraction in the half [-] sarcomere as myosin was removed either ( [i] [ )(uniformly , from [the] z - line end of thick - filaments , or [(] ii ) [randomly] , along the length of thick - filaments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 to 4 variations
1 to 8 affect
4 variations 5 in
5 in 7 content
6 myosin 7 content
8 affect 10 cross
9 ensemble 10 cross
11 - 20 contraction
12 bridge 13 behavior
13 behavior 14 and
14 and 16 production
14 and 17 we
14 and 18 simulated
14 and 20 contraction
15 force 16 production
17 we 18 simulated
19 muscle 20 contraction
20 contraction 21 in
20 contraction 29 removed
21 in 23 half
22 the 23 half
23 half 25 sarcomere
23 half 28 was
25 sarcomere 26 as
25 sarcomere 28 was
26 as 27 myosin
29 removed 30 either
29 removed 34 )(uniformly
29 removed 36 from
29 removed 41 end
31 ( 34 )(uniformly
34 )(uniformly 35 ,
35 , 36 from
36 from 38 z
36 from 39 -
40 line 41 end
41 end 42 of
41 end 53 along
42 of 47 or
43 thick 44 -
43 thick 45 filaments
45 filaments 47 or
46 , 47 or
47 or 49 ii
47 or 50 )
52 , 53 along
53 along 55 length
53 along 60 .
54 the 55 length
55 length 56 of
56 of 59 filaments
57 thick 58 -
57 thick 59 filaments

uniform myosin removal decreased force production , showing a slightly steeper force - to - myosin content relationship than the 1:1 relationship that would be expected from the loss of cross [-] bridges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 uniform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 uniform 2 myosin
2 myosin 3 removal
2 myosin 14 to
3 removal 4 decreased
4 decreased 6 production
4 decreased 14 to
5 force 6 production
6 production 8 showing
7 , 8 showing
8 showing 12 force
8 showing 13 -
9 a 12 force
10 slightly 11 steeper
11 steeper 12 force
15 - 18 relationship
15 - 19 than
15 - 34 .
16 myosin 18 relationship
17 content 18 relationship
19 than 22 relationship
19 than 26 expected
20 the 22 relationship
21 1:1 22 relationship
22 relationship 23 that
22 relationship 24 would
22 relationship 25 be
23 that 24 would
25 be 26 expected
26 expected 27 from
27 from 29 loss
28 the 29 loss
29 loss 30 of
30 of 33 bridges
31 cross 33 bridges

random myosin removal also decreased force production , but this decrease was less than observed with uniform myosin loss , largely due to increased myosin attachment time ( [ton] [ )(and fractional cross - bridge binding with random myosin loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 removal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 random 2 myosin
2 myosin 3 removal
3 removal 5 decreased
4 also 5 decreased
5 decreased 7 production
6 force 7 production
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 decrease
9 but 12 was
10 this 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 was
12 was 13 less
12 was 14 than
14 than 15 observed
15 observed 16 with
15 observed 36 binding
15 observed 37 with
16 with 18 myosin
16 with 19 loss
17 uniform 18 myosin
19 loss 23 to
20 , 21 largely
20 , 23 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 31 )(and
23 to 34 -
24 increased 25 myosin
25 myosin 26 attachment
26 attachment 27 time
27 time 31 )(and
28 ( 31 )(and
31 )(and 33 cross
32 fractional 33 cross
35 bridge 36 binding
37 with 39 myosin
37 with 40 loss
38 random 39 myosin

these findings support our prior observations that prolonged ton may augment force production in single fibers with randomly reduced myosin content from chronic heart failure patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 6 observations
3 support 14 in
3 support 17 with
4 our 6 observations
5 prior 6 observations
6 observations 9 ton
6 observations 11 augment
7 that 9 ton
8 prolonged 9 ton
9 ton 10 may
10 may 11 augment
11 augment 13 production
12 force 13 production
14 in 16 fibers
15 single 16 fibers
17 with 20 myosin
18 randomly 19 reduced
19 reduced 20 myosin
20 myosin 21 content
21 content 22 from
22 from 26 patients
23 chronic 26 patients
24 heart 26 patients
25 failure 26 patients

these simulations also illustrate that the pattern of myosin loss along thick - filaments influences ensemble cross [-] bridge behavior and maintenance of force throughout the sarcomere . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 simulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 illustrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 simulations
2 simulations 4 illustrate
3 also 4 illustrate
4 illustrate 21 and
4 illustrate 25 throughout
5 that 21 and
6 the 7 pattern
7 pattern 8 of
7 pattern 21 and
8 of 9 myosin
9 myosin 10 loss
9 myosin 15 influences
10 loss 11 along
10 loss 15 influences
11 along 14 filaments
12 thick 13 -
12 thick 14 filaments
15 influences 20 behavior
16 ensemble 20 behavior
17 cross 20 behavior
19 bridge 20 behavior
21 and 22 maintenance
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 force
25 throughout 27 sarcomere
26 the 27 sarcomere

alanine expansion mutations in [poly] [(] a [ )(- binding protein [nuclear] 1 ( pabpn1 ) cause muscle weakness in the late - onset disorder oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 alanine 2 expansion
2 expansion 3 mutations
3 mutations 4 in
3 mutations 11 protein
3 mutations 17 cause
4 in 7 a
9 )(- 11 protein
10 binding 11 protein
11 protein 13 1
11 protein 15 pabpn1
11 protein 16 )
14 ( 15 pabpn1
15 pabpn1 16 )
17 cause 19 weakness
17 cause 20 in
18 muscle 19 weakness
20 in 28 dystrophy
21 the 28 dystrophy
22 late 23 -
22 late 24 onset
24 onset 25 disorder
25 disorder 28 dystrophy
26 oculopharyngeal 28 dystrophy
27 muscular 28 dystrophy

in affected muscles , expanded pabpn1 forms nuclear aggregates , depleting levels of soluble pabpn1 [and] inducing a genome - [wide] shift from distal [to] proximal polyadenylation site usage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 pabpn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 pabpn1
2 affected 3 muscles
2 affected 4 ,
4 , 5 expanded
6 pabpn1 7 forms
7 forms 9 aggregates
7 forms 11 depleting
8 nuclear 9 aggregates
10 , 11 depleting
11 depleting 12 levels
11 depleting 20 -
12 levels 13 of
13 of 15 pabpn1
14 soluble 15 pabpn1
15 pabpn1 17 inducing
17 inducing 19 genome
18 a 19 genome
20 - 22 shift
20 - 30 .
22 shift 23 from
22 shift 29 usage
23 from 27 polyadenylation
24 distal 27 polyadenylation
26 proximal 27 polyadenylation
28 site 29 usage

pabpn1 protein accumulation is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system , which is highly dysregulated in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 pabpn1 3 accumulation
2 protein 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 4 is
4 is 5 regulated
5 regulated 6 by
6 by 10 system
7 the 10 system
8 ubiquitin 10 system
9 proteasome 10 system
11 , 12 which
11 , 15 dysregulated
12 which 13 is
13 is 14 highly
13 is 15 dysregulated
15 dysregulated 16 in
16 in 19 dystrophy
17 oculopharyngeal 19 dystrophy
18 muscular 19 dystrophy

we show that arih2 e3 - ligase regulates pabpn1 protein accumulation and aggregation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
2 show 5 e3
4 arih2 5 e3
6 - 7 ligase
6 - 8 regulates
6 - 14 .
7 ligase 8 regulates
8 regulates 12 and
9 pabpn1 11 accumulation
10 protein 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 and
12 and 13 aggregation

levels of arih2 mrna are regulated by pabpn1 via proximal polyadenylation site usage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 5 are
2 of 4 mrna
3 arih2 4 mrna
5 are 6 regulated
6 regulated 7 by
6 regulated 9 via
7 by 8 pabpn1
9 via 13 usage
10 proximal 11 polyadenylation
11 polyadenylation 13 usage
12 site 13 usage

we demonstrate that masking the proximal polyadenylation site in arih2 3 ['] untranslated [region] by antisense oligonucleotides elevates the expression of arih2 and pabpn1 and restores myogenic defects that are induced by arih2 or pabpn1 down - regulation in cell culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 that
2 demonstrate 25 and
3 that 4 masking
3 that 25 and
4 masking 8 site
4 masking 9 in
5 the 8 site
6 proximal 7 polyadenylation
7 polyadenylation 8 site
9 in 10 arih2
10 arih2 11 3
10 arih2 13 untranslated
13 untranslated 15 by
15 by 17 oligonucleotides
16 antisense 17 oligonucleotides
18 elevates 20 expression
18 elevates 25 and
19 the 20 expression
20 expression 21 of
21 of 23 and
22 arih2 23 and
23 and 24 pabpn1
25 and 26 restores
26 restores 28 defects
26 restores 32 by
26 restores 36 down
27 myogenic 28 defects
28 defects 29 that
28 defects 30 are
29 that 30 are
30 are 31 induced
32 by 34 or
33 arih2 34 or
34 or 35 pabpn1
37 - 38 regulation
38 regulation 39 in
39 in 41 culture
40 cell 41 culture

in vivo arih2 mrna levels significantly decrease from midlife in vastus lateralis muscles and highly correlate with muscle degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 vivo
2 vivo 5 levels
3 arih2 5 levels
4 mrna 5 levels
5 levels 14 and
6 significantly 7 decrease
7 decrease 8 from
7 decrease 10 in
7 decrease 13 muscles
7 decrease 14 and
8 from 9 midlife
10 in 12 lateralis
11 vastus 12 lateralis
14 and 16 correlate
14 and 17 with
14 and 19 degeneration
15 highly 16 correlate
17 with 18 muscle

we suggest that the expression of both genes is maintained by a feed - [forward] loop between mrna stability regulated by pabpn1 and protein turnover regulated by arih2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 we 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 5 expression
3 that 10 maintained
4 the 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
5 expression 9 is
6 of 8 genes
7 both 8 genes
9 is 10 maintained
10 maintained 11 by
11 by 13 feed
12 a 13 feed
14 - 16 loop
14 - 29 .
16 loop 17 between
16 loop 21 by
17 between 19 stability
18 mrna 19 stability
19 stability 20 regulated
21 by 23 and
22 pabpn1 23 and
23 and 25 turnover
23 and 26 regulated
24 protein 25 turnover
26 regulated 27 by
27 by 28 arih2

objectives : this study sought to identify nonredundant atrial [fibrillation] ( af ) genetic susceptibility signals and examine their cumulative relations with af risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 sought
5 sought 6 to
5 sought 22 with
6 to 17 and
7 identify 16 signals
7 identify 17 and
8 nonredundant 15 susceptibility
9 atrial 12 af
9 atrial 13 )
9 atrial 15 susceptibility
11 ( 12 af
12 af 13 )
14 genetic 15 susceptibility
15 susceptibility 16 signals
17 and 18 examine
18 examine 21 relations
19 their 21 relations
20 cumulative 21 relations
22 with 24 risk
23 af 24 risk

background : af - associated loci span broad genomic regions that may contain multiple susceptibility signals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 af
4 - 6 loci
4 - 7 span
4 - 17 .
5 associated 6 loci
6 loci 7 span
7 span 10 regions
8 broad 10 regions
9 genomic 10 regions
10 regions 11 that
10 regions 12 may
11 that 12 may
12 may 13 contain
13 contain 16 signals
14 multiple 15 susceptibility
15 susceptibility 16 signals

whether multiple signals exist at af loci has not been systematically [explored] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whether
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 whether 3 signals
1 whether 4 exist
1 whether 8 has
2 multiple 3 signals
3 signals 4 exist
4 exist 5 at
5 at 7 loci
6 af 7 loci
8 has 9 not
8 has 10 been
10 been 11 systematically

methods : we performed association testing conditioned on the most significant , independently associated genetic markers at 9 established af loci using 2 complementary techniques in 64,683 individuals of european ancestry [(] 3,869 [incident] and 3,302 prevalent af cases ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
2 : 12 ,
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 6 testing
5 association 6 testing
6 testing 7 conditioned
7 conditioned 8 on
7 conditioned 11 significant
8 on 10 most
9 the 10 most
12 , 16 markers
12 , 19 established
13 independently 16 markers
14 associated 16 markers
15 genetic 16 markers
16 markers 17 at
16 markers 19 established
17 at 18 9
19 established 21 loci
19 established 26 in
20 af 21 loci
21 loci 22 using
22 using 25 techniques
23 2 25 techniques
24 complementary 25 techniques
26 in 35 and
27 64,683 28 individuals
28 individuals 29 of
28 individuals 35 and
29 of 31 ancestry
30 european 31 ancestry
31 ancestry 33 3,869
35 and 39 cases
35 and 40 )
36 3,302 39 cases
37 prevalent 39 cases
38 af 39 cases

genetic risk scores were created and tested for association [with] af in europeans and an independent sample of 11,309 individuals of japanese [ancestry] ( 7,916 prevalent af cases ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 genetic 3 scores
2 risk 3 scores
3 scores 6 and
3 scores 14 and
4 were 5 created
4 were 6 and
6 and 7 tested
6 and 8 for
6 and 12 in
8 for 11 af
9 association 11 af
12 in 13 europeans
14 and 17 sample
14 and 18 of
14 and 21 of
14 and 28 cases
15 an 16 independent
15 an 17 sample
16 independent 17 sample
18 of 20 individuals
19 11,309 20 individuals
21 of 22 japanese
24 ( 28 cases
25 7,916 28 cases
26 prevalent 28 cases
27 af 28 cases
28 cases 29 )

results : we observed at least 4 distinct af susceptibility signals on chromosome 4q25 upstream of pitx2 , but not at the remaining 8 af loci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 observed
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 11 signals
5 at 6 least
6 least 7 4
7 4 11 signals
8 distinct 10 susceptibility
9 af 10 susceptibility
10 susceptibility 11 signals
11 signals 19 but
12 on 14 4q25
12 on 19 but
13 chromosome 14 4q25
14 4q25 15 upstream
15 upstream 16 of
16 of 17 pitx2
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 not
19 but 21 at
21 at 26 loci
22 the 23 remaining
22 the 24 8
24 8 26 loci
25 af 26 loci

a multilocus score comprised 12 genetic markers demonstrated an estimated 5 - fold [gradient] in af risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 a 3 score
2 multilocus 3 score
3 score 4 comprised
4 comprised 5 12
5 12 7 markers
5 12 8 demonstrated
6 genetic 7 markers
7 markers 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 11 5
9 an 10 estimated
10 estimated 11 5
12 - 13 fold
12 - 18 .
13 fold 15 in
15 in 17 risk
16 af 17 risk

we observed a similar spectrum of risk associated with these markers in japanese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 5 spectrum
3 a 4 similar
3 a 5 spectrum
4 similar 5 spectrum
5 spectrum 6 of
6 of 7 risk
7 risk 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 12 in
9 with 11 markers
10 these 11 markers
12 in 13 japanese

regions containing af signals on chromosome 4q25 displayed a greater degree of evolutionary conservation than the remainder of the locus , suggesting that they may tag regulatory elements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 displayed
1 regions 2 containing
1 regions 8 displayed
2 containing 4 signals
2 containing 5 on
3 af 4 signals
5 on 7 4q25
6 chromosome 7 4q25
8 displayed 14 conservation
8 displayed 15 than
8 displayed 22 suggesting
9 a 11 degree
10 greater 11 degree
11 degree 12 of
11 degree 14 conservation
12 of 14 conservation
13 evolutionary 14 conservation
15 than 17 remainder
16 the 17 remainder
17 remainder 18 of
18 of 20 locus
19 the 20 locus
21 , 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 23 that
22 suggesting 29 .
23 that 24 they
23 that 26 tag
24 they 25 may
25 may 26 tag
26 tag 28 elements
27 regulatory 28 elements

conclusions : the chromosome 4q25 af locus is architecturally complex and harbors at least 4 af susceptibility signals in individuals of [european] [ancestry] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 4q25
3 the 5 4q25
4 chromosome 5 4q25
5 4q25 7 locus
5 4q25 21 of
6 af 7 locus
7 locus 11 and
8 is 10 complex
8 is 11 and
9 architecturally 10 complex
11 and 12 harbors
11 and 18 signals
13 at 14 least
14 least 15 4
15 4 18 signals
16 af 18 signals
17 susceptibility 18 signals
18 signals 19 in
19 in 20 individuals
20 individuals 21 of

similar polygenic af susceptibility exists between europeans and japanese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 susceptibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 similar 4 susceptibility
2 polygenic 4 susceptibility
3 af 4 susceptibility
4 susceptibility 5 exists
5 exists 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 europeans 8 and
8 and 9 japanese

future work is necessary to identify causal variants , determine mechanisms by which associated loci predispose [to] af , and explore whether af susceptibility signals classify individuals at risk for af and related morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 future 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 4 necessary
4 necessary 5 to
4 necessary 6 identify
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 8 variants
7 causal 8 variants
9 , 10 determine
10 determine 11 mechanisms
10 determine 22 whether
10 determine 28 at
11 mechanisms 12 by
12 by 13 which
12 by 15 loci
12 by 20 and
14 associated 15 loci
15 loci 20 and
16 predispose 18 af
16 predispose 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 explore
22 whether 25 signals
22 whether 26 classify
23 af 24 susceptibility
24 susceptibility 25 signals
25 signals 26 classify
26 classify 27 individuals
28 at 29 risk
29 risk 30 for
30 for 32 and
31 af 32 and
32 and 34 morbidity
33 related 34 morbidity

consumer behavior differs among individuals ; one such common individual difference is financial extravagance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 consumer 2 behavior
2 behavior 3 differs
3 differs 4 among
4 among 5 individuals
6 ; 11 difference
6 ; 12 is
7 one 8 such
8 such 11 difference
9 common 11 difference
10 individual 11 difference
11 difference 12 is
12 is 14 extravagance
13 financial 14 extravagance

recent research suggests that the activation of the caudate nucleus plays an important role in consumer behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 recent 2 research
2 research 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 activation
4 that 11 plays
5 the 6 activation
6 activation 7 of
6 activation 11 plays
7 of 10 nucleus
8 the 10 nucleus
9 caudate 10 nucleus
11 plays 14 role
11 plays 15 in
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
15 in 17 behavior
16 consumer 17 behavior

however , to the best of our knowledge , no study has investigated the specific relationship between the caudate nucleus and consumer financial extravagance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 study
3 to 5 best
3 to 9 ,
3 to 11 study
4 the 5 best
5 best 6 of
6 of 8 knowledge
7 our 8 knowledge
10 no 11 study
11 study 12 has
12 has 13 investigated
13 investigated 16 relationship
13 investigated 17 between
14 the 16 relationship
15 specific 16 relationship
17 between 21 and
18 the 20 nucleus
19 caudate 20 nucleus
20 nucleus 21 and
21 and 24 extravagance
22 consumer 24 extravagance
23 financial 24 extravagance

therefore , in this study , we investigated the association between individual differences in financial extravagance and regional gray matter volume in the caudate nucleus by using voxel - based morphometry ( vbm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 7 we
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 study
3 in 6 ,
3 in 7 we
4 this 5 study
7 we 8 investigated
8 investigated 10 association
8 investigated 11 between
8 investigated 14 in
8 investigated 26 by
9 the 10 association
11 between 13 differences
12 individual 13 differences
14 in 17 and
15 financial 16 extravagance
16 extravagance 17 and
17 and 21 volume
17 and 22 in
18 regional 20 matter
19 gray 20 matter
20 matter 21 volume
22 in 25 nucleus
23 the 25 nucleus
24 caudate 25 nucleus
26 by 27 using
27 using 31 morphometry
28 voxel 29 -
28 voxel 31 morphometry
30 based 31 morphometry
31 morphometry 33 vbm
32 ( 33 vbm
33 vbm 34 )

we recruited 776 healthy , right - handed individuals ( 432 men and 344 women [;] mean age=20.7 ± 1.8 ) and used voxel - based morphometry and a financial extravagance questionnaire to determine the association between financial extravagance and gray matter structure in the caudate nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recruited
1 we 2 recruited
2 recruited 6 right
2 recruited 8 handed
3 776 6 right
4 healthy 5 ,
4 healthy 6 right
7 - 8 handed
8 handed 9 individuals
8 handed 48 .
9 individuals 11 432
10 ( 11 432
11 432 22 and
11 432 26 based
11 432 48 .
12 men 13 and
13 and 19 ±
13 and 21 )
13 and 22 and
14 344 19 ±
15 women 17 mean
17 mean 19 ±
18 age=20.7 19 ±
19 ± 20 1.8
22 and 24 voxel
22 and 25 -
22 and 26 based
23 used 24 voxel
26 based 40 and
27 morphometry 28 and
28 and 32 questionnaire
28 and 33 to
28 and 37 between
28 and 39 extravagance
29 a 30 financial
29 a 32 questionnaire
30 financial 32 questionnaire
31 extravagance 32 questionnaire
33 to 34 determine
34 determine 36 association
34 determine 37 between
35 the 36 association
38 financial 39 extravagance
39 extravagance 40 and
40 and 43 structure
40 and 44 in
41 gray 43 structure
42 matter 43 structure
44 in 47 nucleus
45 the 47 nucleus
46 caudate 47 nucleus

our measure of financial extravagance was based on the novelty seeking subscales of the japanese version of the temperament and character inventory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 extravagance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 measure
2 measure 3 of
2 measure 5 extravagance
3 of 5 extravagance
4 financial 5 extravagance
5 extravagance 6 was
6 was 7 based
7 based 8 on
8 on 10 novelty
9 the 10 novelty
10 novelty 11 seeking
11 seeking 12 subscales
12 subscales 13 of
13 of 16 version
14 the 16 version
15 japanese 16 version
16 version 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 the 19 temperament
19 temperament 20 and
20 and 22 inventory
21 character 22 inventory

a multiple regression analysis including financial extravagance , age , sex , raven 's advanced progressive matrix score , total intracranial volume , and novelty seeking subscales was conducted to examine what variables were related to regional gray matter volume in the region of interest within the caudate nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 related
1 a 2 multiple
1 a 4 analysis
2 multiple 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 including
4 analysis 28 was
5 including 24 and
6 financial 7 extravagance
7 extravagance 8 ,
8 , 9 age
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 sex
10 , 12 ,
12 , 18 score
12 , 19 ,
13 raven 14 's
14 's 18 score
15 advanced 16 progressive
16 progressive 17 matrix
17 matrix 18 score
19 , 22 volume
19 , 24 and
20 total 22 volume
21 intracranial 22 volume
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 novelty
24 and 26 seeking
26 seeking 27 subscales
28 was 29 conducted
29 conducted 30 to
30 to 31 examine
31 examine 32 what
31 examine 35 related
32 what 33 variables
32 what 34 were
32 what 35 related
33 variables 34 were
35 related 36 to
35 related 50 .
36 to 49 nucleus
37 regional 38 gray
38 gray 39 matter
39 matter 40 volume
40 volume 41 in
40 volume 49 nucleus
41 in 43 region
42 the 43 region
43 region 44 of
44 of 45 interest
45 interest 46 within
46 within 48 caudate
47 the 48 caudate

a significant positive correlation was found between the obtained financial extravagance score and regional gray matter volume in the caudate nucleus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 4 correlation
2 significant 4 correlation
3 positive 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 between
6 found 18 in
7 between 13 and
8 the 12 score
9 obtained 11 extravagance
10 financial 11 extravagance
11 extravagance 12 score
12 score 13 and
13 and 17 volume
14 regional 15 gray
15 gray 16 matter
16 matter 17 volume
18 in 21 nucleus
19 the 21 nucleus
20 caudate 21 nucleus

we found that structural variations in the caudate nucleus contributed to individual differences in financial extravagance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 variations
2 found 6 in
2 found 11 to
2 found 14 in
3 that 4 structural
4 structural 5 variations
6 in 9 nucleus
7 the 9 nucleus
8 caudate 9 nucleus
9 nucleus 10 contributed
11 to 13 differences
12 individual 13 differences
14 in 16 extravagance
15 financial 16 extravagance

this finding may provide a new neuroscientific approach to understanding individual characteristics of consumers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 may
3 may 4 provide
4 provide 8 approach
4 provide 9 to
5 a 6 new
5 a 8 approach
6 new 8 approach
7 neuroscientific 8 approach
9 to 10 understanding
10 understanding 12 characteristics
11 individual 12 characteristics
12 characteristics 13 of
13 of 14 consumers

mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and their proper function is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 mitochondria 2 are
2 are 5 organelles
3 highly 4 dynamic
4 dynamic 5 organelles
6 and 9 function
6 and 10 is
7 their 9 function
8 proper 9 function
9 function 10 is
10 is 11 crucial
11 crucial 12 for
12 for 14 maintenance
13 the 14 maintenance
14 maintenance 15 of
15 of 17 homeostasis
16 cellular 17 homeostasis

mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are two pathways that regulate mitochondrial content and metabolism preserving homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 biogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mitochondrial 2 biogenesis
3 and 4 mitophagy
3 and 5 are
4 mitophagy 5 are
5 are 7 pathways
6 two 7 pathways
7 pathways 8 that
7 pathways 9 regulate
8 that 9 regulate
9 regulate 12 and
10 mitochondrial 11 content
11 content 12 and
12 and 13 metabolism
12 and 14 preserving
14 preserving 15 homeostasis

the tight regulation between these opposing processes is essential for cellular adaptation in response to cellular metabolic state [,] stress and other intracellular or environmental signals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 regulation
2 tight 3 regulation
3 regulation 4 between
3 regulation 8 is
4 between 7 processes
5 these 7 processes
6 opposing 7 processes
8 is 9 essential
9 essential 10 for
9 essential 15 to
10 for 12 adaptation
11 cellular 12 adaptation
12 adaptation 14 response
13 in 14 response
15 to 21 and
16 cellular 18 state
17 metabolic 18 state
18 state 20 stress
20 stress 21 and
21 and 26 signals
22 other 26 signals
23 intracellular 24 or
24 or 25 environmental
24 or 26 signals

interestingly , imbalance between mitochondrial proliferation [and] degradation process results in progressive development of numerous pathologic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 imbalance
3 imbalance 4 between
3 imbalance 10 results
4 between 9 process
5 mitochondrial 6 proliferation
6 proliferation 9 process
8 degradation 9 process
10 results 11 in
11 in 13 development
12 progressive 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 17 conditions
15 numerous 17 conditions
16 pathologic 17 conditions

here we review recent studies that highlight the intricate interplay between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy , mainly focusing on the molecular mechanisms that govern the coordination of these processes and their involvement in age - related pathologies and ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 review
3 review 5 studies
3 review 11 between
3 review 18 focusing
4 recent 5 studies
5 studies 6 that
5 studies 7 highlight
6 that 7 highlight
7 highlight 10 interplay
8 the 10 interplay
9 intricate 10 interplay
11 between 14 and
12 mitochondrial 13 biogenesis
13 biogenesis 14 and
14 and 15 mitophagy
16 , 18 focusing
17 mainly 18 focusing
18 focusing 19 on
18 focusing 35 -
19 on 22 mechanisms
20 the 22 mechanisms
21 molecular 22 mechanisms
22 mechanisms 23 that
22 mechanisms 24 govern
22 mechanisms 27 of
22 mechanisms 33 in
23 that 24 govern
24 govern 26 coordination
25 the 26 coordination
27 of 30 and
28 these 29 processes
29 processes 30 and
30 and 32 involvement
31 their 32 involvement
33 in 34 age
35 - 36 related
36 related 38 and
37 pathologies 38 and
38 and 39 ageing

objective : china is experiencing a rapid increase in cancer [incidence] in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 china
2 : 4 is
2 : 15 .
3 china 4 is
4 is 5 experiencing
5 experiencing 8 increase
5 experiencing 9 in
5 experiencing 12 in
6 a 7 rapid
6 a 8 increase
7 rapid 8 increase
9 in 10 cancer
12 in 14 patients
13 elderly 14 patients

in order to better understand this group , a large study of patients from multiple tertiary centers in the beijing area was designed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 study
2 order 3 to
2 order 5 understand
3 to 5 understand
4 better 5 understand
5 understand 7 group
6 this 7 group
9 a 10 large
9 a 11 study
10 large 11 study
11 study 12 of
11 study 22 was
12 of 13 patients
13 patients 14 from
14 from 17 centers
15 multiple 17 centers
16 tertiary 17 centers
17 centers 18 in
18 in 21 area
19 the 21 area
20 beijing 21 area
22 was 23 designed

this study was designed to provide insight into their unique treatment preferences , including the use of traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 provide
5 to 6 provide
6 provide 7 insight
6 provide 8 into
8 into 12 preferences
9 their 12 preferences
10 unique 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 preferences
12 preferences 14 including
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 use
14 including 23 )
15 the 16 use
16 use 17 of
16 use 22 tcm
17 of 20 medicine
18 traditional 20 medicine
19 chinese 20 medicine
21 ( 22 tcm
22 tcm 23 )

materials and methods : 803 patients from nine hospitals in the beijing area were enrolled into this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 patients
4 : 15 enrolled
4 : 19 .
5 803 6 patients
6 patients 7 from
6 patients 14 were
7 from 9 hospitals
8 nine 9 hospitals
9 hospitals 10 in
10 in 13 area
11 the 13 area
12 beijing 13 area
14 were 15 enrolled
15 enrolled 16 into
16 into 18 study
17 this 18 study

the inclusion criteria were patients who were 65 years or older and had a diagnosis of cancer at any stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 criteria
2 inclusion 3 criteria
3 criteria 4 were
4 were 5 patients
5 patients 6 who
5 patients 12 and
6 who 12 and
7 were 10 or
7 were 12 and
8 65 9 years
9 years 10 or
10 or 11 older
12 and 13 had
13 had 15 diagnosis
13 had 18 at
14 a 15 diagnosis
15 diagnosis 16 of
16 of 17 cancer
18 at 20 stage
19 any 20 stage

the cga questionnaire used with these patients included the chinese translation of the gero - oncology health and quality of life assessment tool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 questionnaire
2 cga 3 questionnaire
3 questionnaire 4 used
3 questionnaire 8 included
4 used 5 with
5 with 7 patients
6 these 7 patients
8 included 11 translation
9 the 11 translation
10 chinese 11 translation
11 translation 12 of
12 of 14 gero
13 the 14 gero
15 - 16 oncology
16 oncology 18 and
16 oncology 23 tool
17 health 18 and
18 and 19 quality
18 and 20 of
18 and 23 tool
20 of 22 assessment
21 life 22 assessment

the questionnaire was provided to patients by a research nurse and was administered in mandarin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 questionnaire
2 questionnaire 11 and
3 was 4 provided
3 was 11 and
4 provided 5 to
4 provided 7 by
5 to 6 patients
7 by 10 nurse
8 a 9 research
8 a 10 nurse
9 research 10 nurse
11 and 12 was
12 was 13 administered
13 administered 14 in
14 in 15 mandarin

results : the mean age of the patients was 72 years ( range 65 - 94 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 age
2 : 9 was
2 : 18 .
3 the 5 age
4 mean 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 9 was
6 of 8 patients
7 the 8 patients
9 was 11 years
10 72 11 years
11 years 13 range
12 ( 13 range
13 range 15 -
13 range 17 )
14 65 15 -
15 - 16 94

the patients were mainly male ( 59.8 % ) [and] [of] han ethnicity ( 95.4 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 mainly
3 were 13 ethnicity
5 male 8 %
5 male 13 ethnicity
6 ( 8 %
7 59.8 8 %
8 % 9 )
12 han 13 ethnicity
13 ethnicity 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 95.4 16 %
16 % 17 )

about 45 % of these patients also had concurrent tcm in addition to their other cancer treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 about 2 45
2 45 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 8 had
4 of 6 patients
5 these 6 patients
7 also 8 had
8 had 10 tcm
8 had 11 in
8 had 13 to
9 concurrent 10 tcm
11 in 12 addition
13 to 17 treatments
14 their 15 other
15 other 17 treatments
16 cancer 17 treatments

about 70 % were able to manage their activities of daily living without assistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 about 2 70
2 70 3 %
3 % 4 were
4 were 5 able
5 able 6 to
5 able 7 manage
6 to 7 manage
7 manage 9 activities
8 their 9 activities
9 activities 10 of
10 of 12 living
11 daily 12 living
12 living 13 without
13 without 14 assistance

patients on tcm were more likely to have higher number [of] co - morbidities compared to their counterparts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 patients 2 on
1 patients 4 were
2 on 3 tcm
4 were 6 likely
5 more 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
6 likely 8 have
7 to 8 have
8 have 12 co
9 higher 10 number
10 number 12 co
13 - 14 morbidities
13 - 15 compared
13 - 19 .
14 morbidities 15 compared
15 compared 16 to
16 to 18 counterparts
17 their 18 counterparts

conclusion : this is the largest prospective study of cga assessments done on elderly patients with cancer in asia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
2 : 20 .
3 this 4 is
4 is 8 study
5 the 6 largest
5 the 8 study
7 prospective 8 study
8 study 9 of
9 of 11 assessments
10 cga 11 assessments
11 assessments 12 done
12 done 13 on
12 done 16 with
12 done 18 in
13 on 15 patients
14 elderly 15 patients
16 with 17 cancer
18 in 19 asia

the study demonstrates that cga provides insights into understanding the needs of elderly chinese patients with cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 demonstrates
3 demonstrates 4 that
4 that 5 cga
4 that 6 provides
5 cga 6 provides
6 provides 7 insights
6 provides 8 into
8 into 9 understanding
9 understanding 11 needs
9 understanding 16 with
10 the 11 needs
11 needs 12 of
12 of 15 patients
13 elderly 15 patients
14 chinese 15 patients
16 with 17 cancer

tcm is used frequently in china , and its impact on quality of life needs further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tcm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 tcm 2 is
2 is 3 used
3 used 4 frequently
3 used 5 in
5 in 6 china
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 impact
8 and 15 needs
9 its 10 impact
10 impact 11 on
10 impact 15 needs
11 on 12 quality
12 quality 13 of
13 of 14 life
15 needs 17 investigation
16 further 17 investigation

the human gastrointestinal tract contains distinct microbial communities that differ in composition and function based on their location , as well as age , sex , race/ethnicity , and diet of their host . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 4 tract
2 human 4 tract
3 gastrointestinal 4 tract
4 tract 5 contains
5 contains 8 communities
6 distinct 8 communities
7 microbial 8 communities
8 communities 9 that
8 communities 10 differ
9 that 10 differ
10 differ 11 in
10 differ 22 as
11 in 13 and
12 composition 13 and
13 and 14 function
13 and 15 based
15 based 16 on
15 based 19 ,
15 based 21 well
16 on 18 location
17 their 18 location
20 as 21 well
22 as 29 and
23 age 24 ,
24 , 25 sex
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 race/ethnicity
26 , 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 diet
29 and 31 of
31 of 33 host
32 their 33 host

we describe the bacterial taxa present in different locations of the gi tract , and their specific metabolic features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 5 taxa
3 the 5 taxa
4 bacterial 5 taxa
5 taxa 6 present
6 present 7 in
7 in 9 locations
8 different 9 locations
9 locations 10 of
10 of 15 and
11 the 13 tract
12 gi 13 tract
13 tract 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 19 features
16 their 19 features
17 specific 19 features
18 metabolic 19 features

the distinct features of these specific microbial communities might affect human health and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 features
2 distinct 3 features
3 features 4 of
3 features 9 might
4 of 8 communities
5 these 8 communities
6 specific 8 communities
7 microbial 8 communities
9 might 10 affect
10 affect 13 and
11 human 12 health
12 health 13 and
13 and 14 disease

several bacterial taxa and metabolic modules ( biochemical functions ) have been associated with human health and the absence of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 modules
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 several 6 modules
2 bacterial 6 modules
3 taxa 4 and
4 and 5 metabolic
4 and 6 modules
6 modules 9 functions
6 modules 11 have
7 ( 9 functions
8 biochemical 9 functions
9 functions 10 )
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 and
15 human 16 health
16 health 17 and
17 and 19 absence
17 and 20 of
18 the 19 absence
20 of 21 disease

core features of the healthy microbiome might be defined and targeted to prevent disease and optimize human health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 core
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 core 2 features
1 core 12 to
2 features 3 of
3 of 6 microbiome
4 the 6 microbiome
5 healthy 6 microbiome
6 microbiome 10 and
7 might 8 be
7 might 10 and
8 be 9 defined
10 and 11 targeted
12 to 15 and
13 prevent 14 disease
13 prevent 15 and
15 and 16 optimize
16 optimize 18 health
17 human 18 health

neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogen compounds ( found in soy ) have been demonstrated in animal research and cell culture studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 neuroprotective 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 11 have
3 of 5 compounds
4 phytoestrogen 5 compounds
5 compounds 7 found
6 ( 7 found
7 found 8 in
7 found 10 )
8 in 9 soy
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 demonstrated
13 demonstrated 14 in
14 in 17 and
15 animal 16 research
16 research 17 and
17 and 20 studies
18 cell 19 culture
19 culture 20 studies

in particular , phytoestrogens have been shown to reduce alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) related pathology , potentially alleviating risk of ad progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 phytoestrogens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 phytoestrogens
4 phytoestrogens 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 shown
7 shown 8 to
7 shown 20 alleviating
8 to 9 reduce
9 reduce 17 pathology
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 17 pathology
12 disease 14 ad
13 ( 14 ad
14 ad 15 )
14 ad 16 related
16 related 17 pathology
18 , 20 alleviating
19 potentially 20 alleviating
20 alleviating 21 risk
20 alleviating 25 .
21 risk 22 of
22 of 24 progression
23 ad 24 progression

in addition to their antioxidant properties , soy products also have the ability to affect cognition via interaction with estrogen receptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 products
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 products
2 addition 3 to
3 to 6 properties
4 their 6 properties
5 antioxidant 6 properties
8 soy 9 products
9 products 11 have
10 also 11 have
11 have 13 ability
11 have 17 via
12 the 13 ability
13 ability 14 to
13 ability 15 affect
14 to 15 affect
15 affect 16 cognition
17 via 18 interaction
18 interaction 19 with
19 with 21 receptors
20 estrogen 21 receptors

however , observational studies and randomised controlled trials in humans have resulted in inconclusive findings within this domain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 and
3 observational 4 studies
4 studies 5 and
5 and 8 trials
5 and 9 in
5 and 11 have
6 randomised 8 trials
7 controlled 8 trials
9 in 10 humans
11 have 12 resulted
12 resulted 13 in
12 resulted 16 within
13 in 15 findings
14 inconclusive 15 findings
16 within 18 domain
17 this 18 domain

there are several possible reasons for these discrepant data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 5 reasons
3 several 5 reasons
4 possible 5 reasons
5 reasons 6 for
6 for 9 data
7 these 9 data
8 discrepant 9 data

studies which report no effect of phytoestrogens on cognition have mainly been carried out in european cohorts , with an average low dietary consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 studies 2 which
1 studies 3 report
1 studies 10 have
2 which 3 report
3 report 5 effect
3 report 8 on
4 no 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 phytoestrogens
8 on 9 cognition
10 have 12 been
11 mainly 12 been
12 been 13 carried
13 carried 14 out
13 carried 15 in
15 in 17 cohorts
16 european 17 cohorts
18 , 22 low
19 with 21 average
19 with 22 low
20 an 21 average
22 low 24 consumption
23 dietary 24 consumption

in contrast , investigation [of] asian populations , with a higher general intake of tofu ( a [non] - fermented soy [product] ) have shown negative associations [with] cognitive [function] in those over the age of 65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 populations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 populations
4 investigation 7 populations
6 asian 7 populations
7 populations 9 with
7 populations 24 have
8 , 9 with
9 with 13 intake
9 with 23 )
10 a 13 intake
11 higher 13 intake
12 general 13 intake
13 intake 14 of
13 intake 19 -
14 of 15 tofu
16 ( 19 -
17 a 19 -
19 - 21 soy
19 - 23 )
20 fermented 21 soy
24 have 25 shown
25 shown 27 associations
26 negative 27 associations
27 associations 29 cognitive
27 associations 36 of
29 cognitive 31 in
29 cognitive 33 over
31 in 32 those
33 over 35 age
34 the 35 age
36 of 37 65

consideration of type [of] soy [product] is important , as in the latter sample , protective effects of tempe ( fermented soy ) were also observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 consideration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 consideration 2 of
1 consideration 7 is
2 of 5 soy
3 type 5 soy
7 is 8 important
7 is 10 as
9 , 10 as
10 as 17 effects
10 as 26 observed
11 in 14 sample
11 in 15 ,
11 in 17 effects
12 the 14 sample
13 latter 14 sample
16 protective 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
17 effects 24 were
18 of 19 tempe
19 tempe 22 soy
20 ( 22 soy
21 fermented 22 soy
22 soy 23 )
24 were 25 also
24 were 26 observed

limited data provide evidence that effects of phytoestrogens on cognition may be modified by dosage , duration of consumption and cognitive test used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 limited 2 data
2 data 3 provide
3 provide 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 6 effects
5 that 13 modified
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 11 may
7 of 8 phytoestrogens
8 phytoestrogens 9 on
9 on 10 cognition
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 modified
13 modified 14 by
14 by 15 dosage
16 , 20 and
17 duration 18 of
17 duration 20 and
18 of 19 consumption
20 and 22 test
20 and 23 used
21 cognitive 22 test

additionally , characteristics of the study population including age , gender , ethnicity and menopausal status appear to be mediating variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 of
3 characteristics 17 appear
4 of 14 and
5 the 7 population
6 study 7 population
7 population 8 including
7 population 10 ,
8 including 9 age
10 , 11 gender
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 ethnicity
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 status
15 menopausal 16 status
17 appear 18 to
17 appear 19 be
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 mediating
20 mediating 21 variables

phytoestrogen treatment interventions have also shown time - limited positive effects on cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 phytoestrogen 3 interventions
2 treatment 3 interventions
3 interventions 4 have
4 have 6 shown
5 also 6 shown
6 shown 7 time
8 - 11 effects
9 limited 11 effects
10 positive 11 effects
11 effects 12 on
12 on 13 cognition

these findings are consistent with estrogen treatment studies , where initial positive short - term cognitive effects may occur , which reverse with long - term continuous use in elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
5 with 8 studies
6 estrogen 7 treatment
7 treatment 8 studies
8 studies 10 where
9 , 10 where
10 where 17 effects
10 where 19 occur
10 where 20 ,
11 initial 15 term
12 positive 15 term
13 short 14 -
13 short 15 term
15 term 17 effects
16 cognitive 17 effects
17 effects 18 may
18 may 19 occur
20 , 21 which
20 , 22 reverse
21 which 22 reverse
22 reverse 23 with
23 with 28 use
24 long 25 -
24 long 26 term
26 term 28 use
27 continuous 28 use
28 use 29 in
29 in 31 women
30 elderly 31 women

well controlled , large scale studies are needed to assess the effects of phytoestrogens on the aging brain and provide further understanding of this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 well 3 ,
2 controlled 3 ,
3 , 19 and
4 large 5 scale
5 scale 6 studies
6 studies 7 are
7 are 19 and
8 needed 9 to
8 needed 10 assess
8 needed 19 and
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 effects
10 assess 15 on
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 phytoestrogens
15 on 18 brain
16 the 18 brain
17 aging 18 brain
19 and 20 provide
20 provide 22 understanding
21 further 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
23 of 25 association
24 this 25 association

previous research has found that as a marker of childhood circumstances , height is correlated with cognitive functioning at older ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 previous 2 research
2 research 3 has
3 has 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 13 height
5 that 15 correlated
6 as 8 marker
6 as 12 ,
6 as 13 height
7 a 8 marker
8 marker 9 of
9 of 11 circumstances
10 childhood 11 circumstances
13 height 14 is
14 is 15 correlated
15 correlated 16 with
15 correlated 19 at
16 with 18 functioning
17 cognitive 18 functioning
19 at 21 ages
20 older 21 ages

using data from the survey of health , ageing , and retirement in europe ( share ) and about 17,000 respondents from 11 countries , we find that height is positively and significantly associated with cognitive functioning in later life despite controlling for a myriad of possible confounding factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 using 2 data
1 using 3 from
1 using 18 and
1 using 22 from
1 using 25 ,
1 using 26 we
3 from 5 survey
4 the 5 survey
5 survey 6 of
6 of 11 and
7 health 8 ,
8 , 9 ageing
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 retirement
13 in 14 europe
13 in 18 and
14 europe 16 share
15 ( 16 share
16 share 17 )
18 and 19 about
19 about 21 respondents
20 17,000 21 respondents
22 from 24 countries
23 11 24 countries
26 we 27 find
27 find 29 height
27 find 32 and
28 that 29 height
29 height 32 and
30 is 31 positively
30 is 32 and
32 and 34 associated
33 significantly 34 associated
34 associated 35 with
34 associated 38 in
34 associated 41 despite
35 with 37 functioning
36 cognitive 37 functioning
38 in 40 life
39 later 40 life
41 despite 42 controlling
42 controlling 43 for
42 controlling 49 factors
43 for 45 myriad
44 a 45 myriad
45 myriad 46 of
46 of 48 confounding
47 possible 48 confounding

a 10 cm increase in height is associated with a 0.04 standard deviation increase in a summary cognitive score ( mean 0.02 , std . dev . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 dev
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 4 increase
2 10 3 cm
3 cm 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 7 is
5 in 6 height
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 15 in
8 associated 24 std
9 with 14 increase
10 a 14 increase
11 0.04 14 increase
12 standard 13 deviation
13 deviation 14 increase
15 in 19 score
16 a 19 score
17 summary 19 score
18 cognitive 19 score
19 score 21 mean
20 ( 21 mean
21 mean 22 0.02
21 mean 23 ,
25 . 26 dev

we find that being born in a country where the infant mortality rate at the time of birth is high has a negative and significant influence on cognitive functioning in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 4 being
3 that 21 has
4 being 5 born
4 being 21 has
5 born 6 in
6 in 8 country
7 a 8 country
8 country 9 where
9 where 13 rate
9 where 19 is
10 the 13 rate
11 infant 13 rate
12 mortality 13 rate
13 rate 14 at
13 rate 19 is
14 at 16 time
15 the 16 time
16 time 17 of
17 of 18 birth
19 is 20 high
21 has 26 influence
22 a 26 influence
23 negative 24 and
24 and 25 significant
24 and 26 influence
26 influence 27 on
27 on 29 functioning
28 cognitive 29 functioning
29 functioning 30 in
30 in 32 life
31 later 32 life

a 10 % increase in the infant mortality rate is associated with a 0.1 standard deviation decrease in the summary cognitive score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 4 increase
2 10 3 %
3 % 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 10 is
5 in 9 rate
6 the 9 rate
7 infant 9 rate
8 mortality 9 rate
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 18 in
12 with 17 decrease
13 a 17 decrease
14 0.1 17 decrease
15 standard 16 deviation
16 deviation 17 decrease
18 in 22 score
19 the 22 score
20 summary 22 score
21 cognitive 22 score

we also find some evidence that height serves as a protective factor against age related deterioration in cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 3 find
2 also 3 find
3 find 5 evidence
4 some 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
5 evidence 8 serves
6 that 7 height
6 that 8 serves
7 height 8 serves
8 serves 9 as
8 serves 13 against
9 as 12 factor
10 a 11 protective
10 a 12 factor
11 protective 12 factor
13 against 16 deterioration
14 age 15 related
15 related 16 deterioration
16 deterioration 17 in
17 in 19 functioning
18 cognitive 19 functioning

for persons of average stature , age related decreases in cognition scores are 3 - 5 percentage points smaller if they move up a quartile in the height distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decreases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 for 2 persons
1 for 6 ,
1 for 9 decreases
2 persons 3 of
3 of 5 stature
4 average 5 stature
6 , 8 related
7 age 8 related
8 related 9 decreases
9 decreases 10 in
9 decreases 13 are
10 in 12 scores
11 cognition 12 scores
13 are 18 points
13 are 19 smaller
14 3 15 -
15 - 16 5
15 - 18 points
17 percentage 18 points
19 smaller 20 if
20 if 21 they
20 if 22 move
21 they 22 move
22 move 23 up
22 move 25 quartile
22 move 26 in
24 a 25 quartile
26 in 29 distribution
27 the 29 distribution
28 height 29 distribution

our results also suggest that there is a significant positive association between height and cognitive abilities across countries for this pre - 1950 birth cohort of respondents , with correlations ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 4 suggest
3 also 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
4 suggest 7 is
5 that 6 there
5 that 7 is
7 is 11 association
8 a 11 association
9 significant 11 association
10 positive 11 association
11 association 12 between
12 between 14 and
13 height 14 and
14 and 16 abilities
14 and 28 ,
14 and 29 with
15 cognitive 16 abilities
16 abilities 17 across
17 across 18 countries
18 countries 19 for
18 countries 26 of
19 for 25 cohort
20 this 25 cohort
21 pre 22 -
21 pre 25 cohort
23 1950 24 birth
24 birth 25 cohort
26 of 27 respondents
29 with 30 correlations
30 correlations 31 ranging
31 ranging 34 to
32 from 34 to
33 0.4 34 to
34 to 35 0.8

background : one of the hallmarks of haptic exploration [is] that it typically involves movement between skin and object . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 18 and
3 one 4 of
3 one 7 of
3 one 18 and
4 of 6 hallmarks
5 the 6 hallmarks
7 of 9 exploration
8 haptic 9 exploration
9 exploration 11 that
9 exploration 14 involves
11 that 12 it
11 that 14 involves
12 it 14 involves
13 typically 14 involves
14 involves 15 movement
14 involves 16 between
16 between 17 skin
18 and 19 object

explored objects may contact multiple digits simultaneously so information about motion must be integrated across digits , a process about which little is known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 so
1 explored 2 objects
2 objects 3 may
3 may 4 contact
4 contact 6 digits
4 contact 7 simultaneously
4 contact 8 so
5 multiple 6 digits
8 so 9 information
8 so 14 integrated
9 information 10 about
9 information 12 must
10 about 11 motion
12 must 13 be
13 be 14 integrated
14 integrated 15 across
15 across 16 digits
16 digits 19 process
17 , 19 process
18 a 19 process
19 process 20 about
19 process 25 .
20 about 21 which
20 about 22 little
20 about 24 known
22 little 23 is
23 is 24 known
24 known 25 .

new method : to fill this gap , we have developed a stimulator that allows for the simultaneous and independent delivery of motion stimuli to multiple digits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 new 2 method
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 fill
3 : 8 ,
3 : 16 for
4 to 5 fill
5 fill 7 gap
6 this 7 gap
8 , 9 we
8 , 11 developed
9 we 10 have
10 have 11 developed
11 developed 13 stimulator
12 a 13 stimulator
13 stimulator 14 that
13 stimulator 16 for
14 that 16 for
15 allows 16 for
16 for 21 delivery
16 for 25 to
17 the 21 delivery
18 simultaneous 19 and
19 and 20 independent
19 and 21 delivery
21 delivery 22 of
22 of 24 stimuli
23 motion 24 stimuli
25 to 27 digits
26 multiple 27 digits

the stimulator consists of individual units that deliver motion with three degrees of freedom : rotation ( to produce motion ) , vertical [excursion] ( to control depth of [indentation] into the skin ) and arm orientation ( to control the direction of motion ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stimulator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 stimulator
2 stimulator 3 consists
3 consists 4 of
4 of 6 units
5 individual 6 units
6 units 7 that
6 units 8 deliver
7 that 8 deliver
8 deliver 9 motion
8 deliver 16 rotation
8 deliver 35 and
9 motion 10 with
10 with 11 three
11 three 14 freedom
11 three 15 :
12 degrees 13 of
12 degrees 14 freedom
13 of 14 freedom
14 freedom 15 :
16 rotation 18 to
16 rotation 23 vertical
17 ( 18 to
18 to 19 produce
18 to 21 )
19 produce 20 motion
22 , 23 vertical
23 vertical 26 to
23 vertical 34 )
25 ( 26 to
26 to 27 control
26 to 34 )
27 control 28 depth
28 depth 29 of
29 of 31 into
31 into 33 skin
32 the 33 skin
35 and 37 orientation
36 arm 37 orientation
37 orientation 39 to
38 ( 39 to
39 to 40 control
39 to 45 )
40 control 42 direction
41 the 42 direction
42 direction 43 of
43 of 44 motion

each degree of freedom is controlled by a single motor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 freedom
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 controlled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 each 2 degree
2 degree 3 of
2 degree 4 freedom
3 of 4 freedom
4 freedom 5 is
5 is 6 controlled
6 controlled 7 by
7 by 10 motor
8 a 9 single
8 a 10 motor
9 single 10 motor

the compact design of the simulator allows for the side [-] by [-] side arrangement of the stimulator units such that they impinge upon adjacent fingers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 design
2 compact 3 design
3 design 4 of
3 design 8 for
4 of 6 simulator
5 the 6 simulator
7 allows 8 for
8 for 10 side
8 for 12 by
8 for 21 that
9 the 10 side
12 by 15 arrangement
14 side 15 arrangement
15 arrangement 16 of
16 of 19 units
17 the 19 units
18 stimulator 19 units
20 such 21 that
21 that 22 they
21 that 23 impinge
22 they 23 impinge
23 impinge 24 upon
24 upon 26 fingers
25 adjacent 26 fingers

results : to demonstrate the functionality of the stimulator , we performed a series of psychophysical experiments that investigate the perception of motion on multiple fingers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 demonstrate
2 : 10 ,
2 : 27 .
3 to 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 6 functionality
5 the 6 functionality
6 functionality 7 of
7 of 9 stimulator
8 the 9 stimulator
10 , 11 we
10 , 12 performed
11 we 12 performed
12 performed 14 series
13 a 14 series
14 series 15 of
15 of 17 experiments
16 psychophysical 17 experiments
17 experiments 18 that
17 experiments 19 investigate
18 that 19 investigate
19 investigate 21 perception
19 investigate 24 on
20 the 21 perception
21 perception 22 of
22 of 23 motion
24 on 26 fingers
25 multiple 26 fingers

we find that , while the sensitivity to changes in motion direction is equivalent whether stimuli are presented to the same or to different fingers , the perceived direction of motion depends on the relative configuration of the digits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 29 direction
3 that 32 depends
4 , 5 while
5 while 7 sensitivity
5 while 13 is
5 while 26 ,
5 while 29 direction
6 the 7 sensitivity
7 sensitivity 8 to
7 sensitivity 13 is
8 to 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
10 in 12 direction
11 motion 12 direction
13 is 14 equivalent
14 equivalent 15 whether
15 whether 16 stimuli
15 whether 18 presented
16 stimuli 17 are
17 are 18 presented
18 presented 22 or
19 to 21 same
19 to 22 or
20 the 21 same
22 or 23 to
23 to 25 fingers
24 different 25 fingers
27 the 29 direction
28 perceived 29 direction
29 direction 30 of
29 direction 32 depends
30 of 31 motion
32 depends 33 on
33 on 36 configuration
34 the 36 configuration
35 relative 36 configuration
36 configuration 37 of
37 of 39 digits
38 the 39 digits

comparison with existing methods : we replicated the results of previous experiments investigating motion discrimination with a single digit and were able to extend these findings by investigating motion perception across multiple digits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 comparison 2 with
2 with 3 existing
3 existing 4 methods
5 : 6 we
5 : 20 and
6 we 20 and
7 replicated 9 results
7 replicated 16 with
7 replicated 20 and
8 the 9 results
9 results 10 of
10 of 12 experiments
11 previous 12 experiments
12 experiments 13 investigating
13 investigating 15 discrimination
14 motion 15 discrimination
16 with 19 digit
17 a 19 digit
18 single 19 digit
20 and 21 were
20 and 27 by
21 were 22 able
22 able 23 to
22 able 24 extend
23 to 24 extend
24 extend 26 findings
25 these 26 findings
27 by 28 investigating
28 investigating 30 perception
28 investigating 31 across
29 motion 30 perception
31 across 33 digits
32 multiple 33 digits

conclusion : the novel motion stimulator will be an invaluable tool to investigate [how] motion information is integrated across multiple digits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 6 stimulator
2 : 8 be
3 the 6 stimulator
4 novel 5 motion
5 motion 6 stimulator
6 stimulator 7 will
7 will 8 be
8 be 11 tool
8 be 12 to
9 an 10 invaluable
9 an 11 tool
10 invaluable 11 tool
12 to 13 investigate
13 investigate 15 motion
15 motion 16 information
15 motion 17 is
15 motion 18 integrated
16 information 17 is
18 integrated 19 across
19 across 21 digits
20 multiple 21 digits

the use of dietary intervention has evolved into a promising approach to prevent the onset and progression of brain diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 6 has
3 of 5 intervention
4 dietary 5 intervention
6 has 7 evolved
7 evolved 8 into
7 evolved 12 to
8 into 11 approach
9 a 10 promising
9 a 11 approach
10 promising 11 approach
12 to 13 prevent
13 prevent 16 and
14 the 15 onset
15 onset 16 and
16 and 17 progression
16 and 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 brain 20 diseases

the positive relationship between intake of omega - 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( ω3 - lcpufas ) and decreased onset of disease - and aging - related deterioration of brain health is increasingly endorsed across epidemiological and diet - interventional studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 relationship
2 positive 3 relationship
3 relationship 4 between
3 relationship 43 studies
4 between 20 and
5 intake 6 of
5 intake 20 and
6 of 7 omega
7 omega 14 acids
8 - 14 acids
9 3 14 acids
10 long 11 chain
11 chain 14 acids
12 polyunsaturated 14 acids
13 fatty 14 acids
14 acids 16 ω3
14 acids 19 )
15 ( 16 ω3
16 ω3 18 lcpufas
16 ω3 19 )
17 - 18 lcpufas
18 lcpufas 19 )
20 and 22 onset
20 and 23 of
21 decreased 22 onset
23 of 26 and
24 disease 26 and
25 - 26 and
26 and 27 aging
28 - 29 related
29 related 30 deterioration
29 related 43 studies
30 deterioration 31 of
30 deterioration 36 endorsed
31 of 32 brain
32 brain 33 health
32 brain 34 is
33 health 34 is
34 is 35 increasingly
36 endorsed 37 across
36 endorsed 42 interventional
37 across 39 and
38 epidemiological 39 and
39 and 40 diet
39 and 41 -

promising results are found regarding to the protection of proper brain circulation , structure and functionality in healthy and diseased humans and animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 promising 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 found
4 found 5 regarding
5 regarding 6 to
5 regarding 22 and
6 to 8 protection
7 the 8 protection
8 protection 9 of
9 of 11 brain
10 proper 11 brain
12 circulation 13 ,
13 , 14 structure
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 functionality
15 and 22 and
16 functionality 17 in
17 in 21 humans
18 healthy 19 and
19 and 20 diseased
19 and 21 humans
22 and 24 models
23 animal 24 models

these include enhanced cerebral blood flow ( cbf ) , white and gray matter integrity , and improved cognitive functioning , and [are] possibly mediated through increased neurovascular coupling , neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 17 and
2 include 6 flow
2 include 17 and
3 enhanced 6 flow
4 cerebral 5 blood
5 blood 6 flow
6 flow 8 cbf
6 flow 15 integrity
7 ( 8 cbf
8 cbf 9 )
10 , 15 integrity
11 white 12 and
12 and 13 gray
12 and 15 integrity
14 matter 15 integrity
15 integrity 16 ,
17 and 18 improved
18 improved 22 and
18 improved 36 respectively
19 cognitive 20 functioning
19 cognitive 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 29 coupling
22 and 32 and
24 possibly 25 mediated
25 mediated 29 coupling
26 through 29 coupling
27 increased 29 coupling
28 neurovascular 29 coupling
30 , 32 and
31 neuroprotection 32 and
32 and 34 plasticity
32 and 35 ,
33 neuronal 34 plasticity

contrary , studies investigating diets high in saturated fats provide opposite results , which may eventually lead to irreversible damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 contrary 2 ,
1 contrary 3 studies
3 studies 4 investigating
3 studies 10 provide
4 investigating 5 diets
5 diets 6 high
6 high 7 in
7 in 9 fats
8 saturated 9 fats
10 provide 11 opposite
11 opposite 12 results
13 , 14 which
13 , 17 lead
14 which 15 may
15 may 17 lead
16 eventually 17 lead
17 lead 18 to
18 to 20 damage
19 irreversible 20 damage

studies like these are of great importance given the high incidence of obesity caused by [the] increased and decreased consumption of respectively saturated fats and ω3 - lcpufas in the western civilization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 studies 2 like
1 studies 4 are
2 like 3 these
4 are 5 of
4 are 15 by
5 of 7 importance
6 great 7 importance
7 importance 8 given
7 importance 12 of
8 given 11 incidence
9 the 11 incidence
10 high 11 incidence
12 of 13 obesity
13 obesity 14 caused
15 by 18 and
17 increased 18 and
18 and 19 decreased
18 and 20 consumption
20 consumption 21 of
21 of 25 and
22 respectively 23 saturated
23 saturated 24 fats
24 fats 25 and
25 and 26 ω3
27 - 32 civilization
28 lcpufas 29 in
28 lcpufas 32 civilization
29 in 31 western
30 the 31 western

this paper will review in vivo research conducted on the effects of ω3 - lcpufas and saturated fatty acids on integrity ( circulation , structure and function ) of the young , aging and diseased brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 16 and
2 paper 34 and
3 will 4 review
3 will 16 and
4 review 6 vivo
4 review 7 research
5 in 6 vivo
7 research 8 conducted
7 research 12 of
8 conducted 9 on
9 on 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
12 of 15 lcpufas
13 ω3 14 -
13 ω3 15 lcpufas
16 and 17 saturated
17 saturated 19 acids
18 fatty 19 acids
19 acids 20 on
19 acids 29 of
20 on 21 integrity
21 integrity 26 and
22 ( 26 and
23 circulation 24 ,
24 , 25 structure
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 function
26 and 28 )
29 of 33 aging
30 the 33 aging
31 young 32 ,
31 young 33 aging
34 and 36 brain
35 diseased 36 brain

immune responses in the brain are thought to play a role in disorders of the central nervous system , but an understanding of the process underlying [how] immune cells get into the brain and their fate there remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immune
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 immune 2 responses
1 immune 6 are
1 immune 7 thought
2 responses 3 in
2 responses 6 are
3 in 5 brain
4 the 5 brain
7 thought 8 to
7 thought 12 in
7 thought 14 of
8 to 9 play
9 play 11 role
10 a 11 role
12 in 13 disorders
14 of 18 system
15 the 18 system
16 central 18 system
17 nervous 18 system
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 understanding
20 but 38 remains
21 an 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
22 understanding 29 cells
22 understanding 30 get
22 understanding 38 remains
23 of 26 underlying
24 the 26 underlying
25 process 26 underlying
28 immune 29 cells
29 cells 30 get
30 get 31 into
30 get 37 there
31 into 34 and
32 the 33 brain
33 brain 34 and
34 and 36 fate
35 their 36 fate
38 remains 39 unclear

in this study , we used [a] 2 - photon microscopy to reveal that neutrophils infiltrate brain and migrate toward amyloid plaques in a mouse model of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 used
6 used 8 2
9 - 11 microscopy
10 photon 11 microscopy
11 microscopy 12 to
11 microscopy 18 and
12 to 13 reveal
13 reveal 14 that
14 that 15 neutrophils
14 that 18 and
15 neutrophils 18 and
16 infiltrate 17 brain
16 infiltrate 18 and
18 and 19 migrate
18 and 20 toward
18 and 23 in
20 toward 22 plaques
21 amyloid 22 plaques
23 in 26 model
24 a 26 model
25 mouse 26 model
26 model 27 of
27 of 30 disease
28 alzheimer 29 's
29 's 30 disease

these findings suggest a new molecular process underlying the pathophysiology of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 7 process
4 a 5 new
4 a 7 process
5 new 7 process
6 molecular 7 process
7 process 8 underlying
8 underlying 10 pathophysiology
9 the 10 pathophysiology
10 pathophysiology 11 of
11 of 14 disease
12 alzheimer 13 's
13 's 14 disease

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a senile dementia [with] increased incidence in older subjects ( age >65 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 13 incidence
8 a 9 senile
8 a 13 incidence
9 senile 10 dementia
10 dementia 12 increased
12 increased 13 incidence
13 incidence 14 in
14 in 16 subjects
15 older 16 subjects
16 subjects 20 years
17 ( 20 years
18 age 20 years
19 >65 20 years
20 years 21 )

one of the earliest markers of ad is oxidative dna damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 8 is
2 of 5 markers
3 the 4 earliest
3 the 5 markers
5 markers 6 of
6 of 7 ad
8 is 11 damage
9 oxidative 11 damage
10 dna 11 damage

recently , it has been reported that preclinical ad patient brains show elevated levels of oxidative damage in both nuclear and mitochondrial nucleic acids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 it
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 9 ad
5 been 11 brains
5 been 13 elevated
5 been 18 in
6 reported 9 ad
7 that 8 preclinical
8 preclinical 9 ad
10 patient 11 brains
11 brains 12 show
12 show 13 elevated
13 elevated 14 levels
14 levels 15 of
15 of 17 damage
16 oxidative 17 damage
18 in 24 acids
19 both 24 acids
20 nuclear 21 and
21 and 22 mitochondrial
21 and 24 acids
23 nucleic 24 acids

moreover , different oxidative lesions in mitochondrial dna are between 5 - and 10 - fold higher than in nuclear dna in both control and ad postmortem brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lesions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 lesions
3 different 5 lesions
4 oxidative 5 lesions
5 lesions 6 in
5 lesions 9 are
6 in 8 dna
7 mitochondrial 8 dna
9 are 10 between
10 between 11 5
12 - 13 and
13 and 14 10
13 and 15 -
14 10 15 -
15 - 16 fold
16 fold 17 higher
16 fold 18 than
16 fold 22 in
18 than 19 in
19 in 21 dna
20 nuclear 21 dna
22 in 25 and
23 both 25 and
24 control 25 and
25 and 26 ad
25 and 27 postmortem
25 and 28 brains
27 postmortem 28 brains

we previously showed that there is a significant loss of base excision repair ( ber ) [components] in whole tissue extracts of ad and mild cognitive impairment subjects relative to matched control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 3 showed
2 previously 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 5 there
4 that 6 is
5 there 6 is
6 is 28 subjects
7 a 9 loss
8 significant 9 loss
9 loss 10 of
9 loss 18 in
9 loss 22 of
9 loss 24 and
10 of 13 repair
11 base 13 repair
12 excision 13 repair
13 repair 15 ber
14 ( 15 ber
15 ber 16 )
18 in 21 extracts
19 whole 21 extracts
20 tissue 21 extracts
22 of 23 ad
24 and 25 mild
24 and 27 impairment
26 cognitive 27 impairment
27 impairment 28 subjects
28 subjects 29 relative
29 relative 30 to
30 to 33 subjects
31 matched 32 control
32 control 33 subjects

however , comprehensive analysis of specific steps in ber levels in mitochondrial extracts of ad patient brains is not available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 analysis
3 comprehensive 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 18 is
5 of 7 steps
6 specific 7 steps
7 steps 8 in
8 in 10 levels
9 ber 10 levels
10 levels 11 in
11 in 13 extracts
12 mitochondrial 13 extracts
13 extracts 14 of
14 of 17 brains
15 ad 17 brains
16 patient 17 brains
18 is 19 not
18 is 20 available
19 not 20 available

in this study , we mainly investigated various components of ber in mitochondrial extracts of ad and matched control postmortem brain samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 17 and
6 mainly 7 investigated
7 investigated 9 components
7 investigated 12 in
7 investigated 17 and
8 various 9 components
9 components 10 of
10 of 11 ber
12 in 14 extracts
13 mitochondrial 14 extracts
14 extracts 15 of
15 of 16 ad
17 and 18 matched
18 matched 20 postmortem
19 control 20 postmortem
20 postmortem 21 brain
20 postmortem 22 samples
21 brain 22 samples

we found that the 5 - hydroxyuracil incision and ligase activities are significantly lower in ad brains , whereas the uracil incision , abasic site cleavage , and deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate incorporation activities are normal in these samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 5 5
4 the 5 5
6 - 8 incision
6 - 9 and
6 - 33 are
6 - 38 .
7 hydroxyuracil 8 incision
9 and 11 activities
9 and 12 are
10 ligase 11 activities
11 activities 12 are
12 are 13 significantly
12 are 14 lower
12 are 19 whereas
14 lower 15 in
15 in 17 brains
16 ad 17 brains
18 , 19 whereas
19 whereas 28 and
20 the 22 incision
21 uracil 22 incision
22 incision 23 ,
23 , 26 cleavage
23 , 28 and
24 abasic 25 site
25 site 26 cleavage
27 , 28 and
28 and 32 activities
28 and 33 are
29 deoxyribonucleotide 30 triphosphate
30 triphosphate 32 activities
31 incorporation 32 activities
33 are 34 normal
34 normal 35 in
35 in 37 samples
36 these 37 samples

low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are related to cognitive [decline] and dementia , in a complex interplay with vascular factors and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 low 2 -
1 low 3 grade
3 grade 4 inflammation
4 inflammation 5 and
5 and 7 dysfunction
5 and 8 are
6 endothelial 7 dysfunction
8 are 9 related
9 related 10 to
9 related 20 with
10 to 19 interplay
11 cognitive 13 and
13 and 14 dementia
13 and 15 ,
13 and 16 in
13 and 19 interplay
16 in 18 complex
17 a 18 complex
20 with 23 and
21 vascular 22 factors
22 factors 23 and
23 and 24 aging

we investigated , in an older population , low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in relation to detailed assessment of cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 in
3 , 4 in
4 in 7 population
4 in 8 ,
5 an 7 population
6 older 7 population
8 , 13 and
9 low 10 -
9 low 11 grade
11 grade 12 inflammation
12 inflammation 13 and
13 and 15 dysfunction
13 and 18 to
13 and 21 of
14 endothelial 15 dysfunction
16 in 17 relation
17 relation 18 to
18 to 20 assessment
19 detailed 20 assessment
21 of 23 functioning
22 cognitive 23 functioning

furthermore , we explored this association within the context of vascular factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 explored
4 explored 6 association
4 explored 7 within
5 this 6 association
7 within 9 context
8 the 9 context
9 context 10 of
10 of 12 factors
11 vascular 12 factors

in 2005 - 2008 , all participants underwent neuropsychological examination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 3 -
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 participants
2 2005 3 -
3 - 4 2008
6 all 7 participants
7 participants 8 underwent
8 underwent 10 examination
9 neuropsychological 10 examination

composite [z] - scores were computed for low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction at both time points , and for six domains of cognitive functioning ( abstract reasoning , memory , information processing speed , attention and executive functioning , visuoconstruction , and language ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 composite 3 -
1 composite 4 scores
4 scores 5 were
5 were 6 computed
6 computed 7 for
6 computed 20 and
7 for 12 and
8 low 9 -
8 low 10 grade
10 grade 11 inflammation
11 inflammation 12 and
12 and 14 dysfunction
13 endothelial 14 dysfunction
15 at 18 points
15 at 20 and
16 both 18 points
17 time 18 points
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 for
21 for 23 domains
22 six 23 domains
23 domains 24 of
24 of 26 functioning
25 cognitive 26 functioning
26 functioning 29 reasoning
26 functioning 38 and
27 ( 29 reasoning
28 abstract 29 reasoning
29 reasoning 31 memory
29 reasoning 32 ,
30 , 31 memory
31 memory 32 ,
32 , 38 and
33 information 34 processing
33 information 36 ,
34 processing 35 speed
36 , 37 attention
36 , 38 and
38 and 39 executive
38 and 40 functioning
38 and 44 and
38 and 46 )
41 , 44 and
42 visuoconstruction 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 language
44 and 46 )

the association between low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction , and cognitive functioning was evaluated with linear regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 14 functioning
2 association 15 was
3 between 12 and
4 low 5 -
4 low 7 inflammation
6 grade 7 inflammation
7 inflammation 8 and
8 and 10 dysfunction
8 and 12 and
9 endothelial 10 dysfunction
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 cognitive
15 was 16 evaluated
16 evaluated 17 with
17 with 20 analysis
18 linear 19 regression
19 regression 20 analysis

in secondary analyses , we explored the relation with vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 analyses
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 secondary 3 analyses
5 we 6 explored
6 explored 8 relation
6 explored 9 with
7 the 8 relation
9 with 13 and
10 vascular 12 factors
11 risk 12 factors
12 factors 13 and
13 and 15 disease
14 cardiovascular 15 disease

low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were associated with worse performance on information processing speed and attention and executive functioning , in prospective and cross - sectional analyses ( standardized betas ranging from - 0.20 to - 0.10 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 low 2 -
1 low 3 grade
3 grade 4 inflammation
4 inflammation 5 and
5 and 7 dysfunction
5 and 8 were
6 endothelial 7 dysfunction
8 were 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 19 and
11 worse 12 performance
12 performance 13 on
12 performance 17 and
13 on 14 information
14 information 15 processing
15 processing 16 speed
17 and 18 attention
17 and 19 and
19 and 20 executive
19 and 21 functioning
19 and 29 analyses
21 functioning 23 in
22 , 23 in
23 in 25 and
23 in 27 -
24 prospective 25 and
25 and 26 cross
27 - 29 analyses
28 sectional 29 analyses
29 analyses 32 betas
29 analyses 40 )
30 ( 32 betas
31 standardized 32 betas
32 betas 33 ranging
32 betas 34 from
32 betas 40 )
34 from 37 to
35 - 36 0.20
36 0.20 37 to
37 to 39 0.10
38 - 39 0.10

no significant relation with other cognitive domains was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 3 relation
2 significant 3 relation
3 relation 4 with
3 relation 8 was
4 with 7 domains
5 other 7 domains
6 cognitive 7 domains
8 was 9 observed

adjusting for vascular factors slightly attenuated the associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjusting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 attenuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 adjusting 2 for
1 adjusting 6 attenuated
2 for 4 factors
3 vascular 4 factors
5 slightly 6 attenuated
6 attenuated 8 associations
7 the 8 associations

low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction accounted for only 2.6 % explained variance in cognitive functioning , on top of related vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 accounted
1 low 2 -
1 low 3 grade
3 grade 4 inflammation
4 inflammation 5 and
5 and 7 dysfunction
5 and 8 accounted
6 endothelial 7 dysfunction
8 accounted 9 for
8 accounted 15 in
9 for 14 variance
10 only 11 2.6
11 2.6 12 %
12 % 13 explained
13 explained 14 variance
15 in 17 functioning
16 cognitive 17 functioning
17 functioning 21 of
18 , 21 of
19 on 20 top
20 top 21 of
21 of 26 and
21 of 29 .
22 related 25 factors
23 vascular 25 factors
24 risk 25 factors
25 factors 26 and
26 and 28 disease
27 cardiovascular 28 disease

bootstrapping analyses show that low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction mediate the relation between vascular risk factors and cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 bootstrapping 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 9 and
4 that 12 mediate
5 low 6 -
5 low 9 and
7 grade 8 inflammation
8 inflammation 9 and
9 and 11 dysfunction
9 and 12 mediate
10 endothelial 11 dysfunction
12 mediate 14 relation
12 mediate 15 between
13 the 14 relation
15 between 19 and
16 vascular 18 factors
17 risk 18 factors
18 factors 19 and
19 and 20 cognitive
19 and 21 functioning

this study shows that low - grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction contribute to reduced information processing speed and executive functioning in an older population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 shows
3 shows 7 grade
3 shows 18 and
3 shows 21 in
4 that 7 grade
5 low 6 -
5 low 7 grade
7 grade 9 and
7 grade 16 processing
8 inflammation 9 and
9 and 11 dysfunction
9 and 12 contribute
10 endothelial 11 dysfunction
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 15 information
14 reduced 15 information
15 information 16 processing
16 processing 17 speed
18 and 19 executive
19 executive 20 functioning
21 in 24 population
22 an 24 population
23 older 24 population

background : transcranial magnetic stimulation ( tms ) can affect episodic memory , one of the main cognitive hallmarks of aging , but the mechanisms of action remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 transcranial
3 transcranial 5 stimulation
3 transcranial 10 affect
4 magnetic 5 stimulation
5 stimulation 7 tms
5 stimulation 9 can
6 ( 7 tms
7 tms 8 )
9 can 10 affect
10 affect 12 memory
11 episodic 12 memory
12 memory 14 one
13 , 14 one
14 one 15 of
14 one 20 of
14 one 22 ,
15 of 19 hallmarks
16 the 17 main
16 the 19 hallmarks
18 cognitive 19 hallmarks
20 of 21 aging
23 but 25 mechanisms
23 but 28 remain
24 the 25 mechanisms
25 mechanisms 26 of
25 mechanisms 28 remain
26 of 27 action
28 remain 29 unclear

objectives : to evaluate the behavioral and functional impact of excitatory tms in a group of healthy elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 9 impact
4 evaluate 13 in
5 the 9 impact
6 behavioral 7 and
7 and 8 functional
7 and 9 impact
9 impact 10 of
10 of 12 tms
11 excitatory 12 tms
13 in 18 elders
14 a 15 group
15 group 16 of
15 group 18 elders
16 of 18 elders
17 healthy 18 elders

methods : we applied a paradigm of repetitive tms - intermittent theta - burst stimulation - over left inferior frontal gyrus in healthy elders ( n = 24 ) and evaluated its impact on the performance of an episodic memory task with two levels of processing and the associated brain activity as captured by a pre and post fmri scans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 scans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 applied
2 : 10 -
2 : 13 -
3 we 4 applied
4 applied 6 paradigm
5 a 6 paradigm
6 paradigm 7 of
7 of 9 tms
8 repetitive 9 tms
10 - 12 theta
11 intermittent 12 theta
13 - 30 and
14 burst 15 stimulation
14 burst 17 over
14 burst 30 and
16 - 17 over
17 over 21 gyrus
17 over 29 )
18 left 21 gyrus
19 inferior 21 gyrus
20 frontal 21 gyrus
21 gyrus 22 in
22 in 24 elders
23 healthy 24 elders
24 elders 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 24
27 = 29 )
30 and 31 evaluated
31 evaluated 47 and
31 evaluated 54 by
32 its 33 impact
33 impact 34 on
33 impact 37 of
33 impact 47 and
34 on 36 performance
35 the 36 performance
37 of 41 task
38 an 41 task
39 episodic 41 task
40 memory 41 task
41 task 42 with
41 task 45 of
42 with 44 levels
43 two 44 levels
45 of 46 processing
47 and 51 activity
47 and 53 captured
48 the 51 activity
49 associated 50 brain
50 brain 51 activity
52 as 53 captured
54 by 57 and
55 a 56 pre
56 pre 57 and
57 and 58 post
57 and 59 fmri
57 and 60 scans
59 fmri 60 scans

results : in the post - tms fmri we found tms - related activity increases in left prefrontal and cerebellum - occipital areas specifically during deep encoding but not during shallow encoding or at rest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 fmri
2 : 17 left
2 : 36 .
3 in 5 post
3 in 6 -
3 in 8 fmri
4 the 5 post
7 tms 8 fmri
8 fmri 9 we
8 fmri 16 in
8 fmri 17 left
9 we 10 found
10 found 11 tms
10 found 15 increases
11 tms 15 increases
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 activity
13 related 15 increases
15 increases 16 in
17 left 23 areas
17 left 24 specifically
17 left 25 during
17 left 28 but
17 left 33 or
18 prefrontal 19 and
19 and 20 cerebellum
19 and 21 -
19 and 23 areas
22 occipital 23 areas
25 during 27 encoding
26 deep 27 encoding
28 but 29 not
30 during 32 encoding
30 during 33 or
31 shallow 32 encoding
33 or 34 at
34 at 35 rest

furthermore , we found a task - dependent change in connectivity during the encoding task between cerebellum - occipital areas and the tms - targeted left inferior frontal region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 6 task
4 found 20 areas
4 found 21 and
5 a 6 task
6 task 9 change
7 - 9 change
8 dependent 9 change
9 change 10 in
9 change 12 during
9 change 16 between
9 change 18 -
10 in 11 connectivity
12 during 15 task
13 the 15 task
14 encoding 15 task
16 between 17 cerebellum
19 occipital 20 areas
21 and 23 tms
22 the 23 tms
24 - 29 region
24 - 30 .
25 targeted 29 region
26 left 29 region
27 inferior 29 region
28 frontal 29 region

this connectivity change correlated with the tms effects over brain networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 3 change
2 connectivity 3 change
3 change 4 correlated
3 change 11 networks
4 correlated 5 with
4 correlated 9 over
5 with 8 effects
6 the 8 effects
7 tms 8 effects
9 over 10 brain

conclusions : the results suggest that the aged brain responds to brain stimulation in a state - dependent manner as engaged by different tasks components and that tms effect is related to inter - individual connectivity changes measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 39 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 brain
6 that 10 responds
7 the 9 brain
8 aged 9 brain
9 brain 10 responds
10 responds 36 connectivity
10 responds 37 changes
11 to 13 stimulation
11 to 36 connectivity
12 brain 13 stimulation
14 in 16 state
14 in 34 -
14 in 36 connectivity
15 a 16 state
16 state 26 and
17 - 26 and
18 dependent 19 manner
19 manner 21 engaged
19 manner 26 and
20 as 21 engaged
21 engaged 22 by
22 by 25 components
23 different 24 tasks
24 tasks 25 components
26 and 28 tms
26 and 29 effect
26 and 33 inter
26 and 34 -
27 that 28 tms
29 effect 30 is
30 is 31 related
31 related 32 to
32 to 33 inter
35 individual 36 connectivity
36 connectivity 37 changes
37 changes 38 measures

these findings reveal fundamental insights into brain network dynamics in aging and the capacity to probe them with combined behavioral and stimulation approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 reveal
3 reveal 5 insights
3 reveal 19 combined
4 fundamental 5 insights
5 insights 6 into
5 insights 15 to
5 insights 18 with
5 insights 19 combined
6 into 12 and
7 brain 9 dynamics
8 network 9 dynamics
9 dynamics 10 in
9 dynamics 12 and
10 in 11 aging
12 and 14 capacity
13 the 14 capacity
15 to 16 probe
16 probe 17 them
16 probe 18 with
19 combined 20 behavioral
21 and 22 stimulation
21 and 23 approaches
22 stimulation 23 approaches

the critical impact that microbiota [have] on health and disease makes the interaction between host [and] microbiome [increasingly] important as we evaluate therapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 impact
2 critical 3 impact
3 impact 5 microbiota
3 impact 11 makes
4 that 5 microbiota
5 microbiota 7 on
7 on 9 and
8 health 9 and
9 and 10 disease
11 makes 13 interaction
11 makes 14 between
11 makes 23 therapeutics
12 the 13 interaction
14 between 17 microbiome
15 host 17 microbiome
17 microbiome 19 important
19 important 20 as
20 as 22 evaluate
21 we 22 evaluate

here , we highlight growing evidence that , beyond disease , microbes also affect the most fundamental [of] host physiological [phenotypes] , [the] rate of aging itself . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 highlight
4 highlight 6 evidence
5 growing 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 12 microbes
7 that 14 affect
8 , 9 beyond
9 beyond 10 disease
9 beyond 11 ,
9 beyond 12 microbes
12 microbes 14 affect
13 also 14 affect
14 affect 24 rate
15 the 24 rate
16 most 17 fundamental
17 fundamental 19 host
19 host 24 rate
20 physiological 22 ,
20 physiological 24 rate
24 rate 25 of
25 of 26 aging
26 aging 27 itself

rare diseases are powerful windows into biological processes and can serve as models for the development of therapeutic strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 rare 2 diseases
2 diseases 3 are
3 are 5 windows
3 are 6 into
3 are 12 as
4 powerful 5 windows
6 into 9 and
7 biological 8 processes
8 processes 9 and
9 and 11 serve
10 can 11 serve
12 as 13 models
13 models 14 for
14 for 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 19 strategies
18 therapeutic 19 strategies

the progress made on the premature aging disorder progeria is a shining example of the impact [that] studies of rare diseases can have . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 progress
2 progress 3 made
2 progress 10 is
3 made 4 on
4 on 9 progeria
5 the 8 disorder
6 premature 8 disorder
7 aging 8 disorder
8 disorder 9 progeria
10 is 13 example
11 a 13 example
12 shining 13 example
13 example 14 of
14 of 16 impact
15 the 16 impact
16 impact 18 studies
16 impact 23 have
18 studies 19 of
18 studies 22 can
19 of 21 diseases
20 rare 21 diseases
22 can 23 have

two recent studies identify [how] sex - specific pheromonal factors in flies and worms alter lifespan through metabolic pathways that are shared with mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 two 3 studies
2 recent 3 studies
3 studies 4 identify
4 identify 6 sex
7 - 10 factors
7 - 15 alter
7 - 25 .
8 specific 10 factors
9 pheromonal 10 factors
10 factors 11 in
10 factors 15 alter
11 in 13 and
12 flies 13 and
13 and 14 worms
15 alter 16 lifespan
15 alter 17 through
17 through 19 pathways
18 metabolic 19 pathways
19 pathways 20 that
19 pathways 21 are
20 that 21 are
21 are 22 shared
22 shared 23 with
23 with 24 mammals

sex differences in human lifespans imply nonautonomous effects modulated by sex - specific gene - environment interactions that could still include pheromonal mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 sex 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 6 imply
3 in 5 lifespans
4 human 5 lifespans
6 imply 8 effects
6 imply 10 by
7 nonautonomous 8 effects
8 effects 9 modulated
10 by 11 sex
12 - 14 gene
12 - 15 -
13 specific 14 gene
15 - 17 interactions
16 environment 17 interactions
17 interactions 18 that
17 interactions 19 could
18 that 19 could
19 could 21 include
20 still 21 include
21 include 23 mechanisms
22 pheromonal 23 mechanisms

knowledge of deciduous crown formation times is useful in forensic anthropology and when aging juvenile remains from an archaeological context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 knowledge 2 of
1 knowledge 7 is
2 of 6 times
3 deciduous 4 crown
4 crown 5 formation
5 formation 6 times
7 is 8 useful
8 useful 9 in
9 in 12 and
10 forensic 11 anthropology
11 anthropology 12 and
12 and 13 when
12 and 14 aging
14 aging 16 remains
15 juvenile 16 remains
16 remains 17 from
17 from 20 context
18 an 19 archaeological
18 an 20 context
19 archaeological 20 context

until now , histological techniques for calculating enamel formation times in deciduous teeth have been completely dependent on being able to visualise clear daily incremental markings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 until 2 now
1 until 3 ,
1 until 5 techniques
4 histological 5 techniques
5 techniques 6 for
5 techniques 14 have
6 for 7 calculating
7 calculating 8 enamel
8 enamel 9 formation
8 enamel 10 times
9 formation 10 times
10 times 11 in
11 in 13 teeth
12 deciduous 13 teeth
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 completely
15 been 17 dependent
17 dependent 18 on
17 dependent 21 to
17 dependent 22 visualise
18 on 19 being
19 being 20 able
21 to 22 visualise
22 visualise 26 markings
23 clear 26 markings
24 daily 26 markings
25 incremental 26 markings

in the first part of this study we took twenty deciduous teeth where daily incremental markings were easily visible on both aspects of the crown and used these as the basis for generating regression equations to predict enamel formation times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 took
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 7 study
1 in 8 we
2 the 4 part
3 first 4 part
4 part 5 of
4 part 7 study
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 we 9 took
9 took 12 teeth
9 took 13 where
9 took 29 as
9 took 36 to
10 twenty 12 teeth
11 deciduous 12 teeth
13 where 16 markings
13 where 26 and
14 daily 16 markings
15 incremental 16 markings
16 markings 26 and
17 were 19 visible
17 were 26 and
18 easily 19 visible
19 visible 20 on
20 on 22 aspects
21 both 22 aspects
22 aspects 23 of
23 of 25 crown
24 the 25 crown
26 and 27 used
27 used 28 these
29 as 31 basis
30 the 31 basis
31 basis 32 for
32 for 33 generating
33 generating 35 equations
34 regression 35 equations
36 to 37 predict
37 predict 40 times
38 enamel 39 formation
39 formation 40 times

we were then able to use these regression equations to calculate deciduous crown formation times in [a] further fifty deciduous teeth where it was not possible to see daily increments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 calculate
1 we 2 were
2 were 3 then
2 were 4 able
4 able 5 to
4 able 6 use
5 to 6 use
6 use 9 equations
6 use 10 to
6 use 11 calculate
7 these 9 equations
8 regression 9 equations
10 to 11 calculate
11 calculate 15 times
11 calculate 16 in
11 calculate 22 where
11 calculate 27 to
11 calculate 31 .
12 deciduous 13 crown
13 crown 14 formation
14 formation 15 times
16 in 21 teeth
18 further 21 teeth
19 fifty 21 teeth
20 deciduous 21 teeth
22 where 23 it
22 where 24 was
23 it 24 was
24 was 25 not
24 was 26 possible
25 not 26 possible
27 to 28 see
28 see 30 increments
29 daily 30 increments

we present here new data for deciduous crown formation times based on these regression equations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 present
2 present 3 here
2 present 5 data
2 present 6 for
2 present 12 on
4 new 5 data
6 for 10 times
7 deciduous 8 crown
8 crown 10 times
9 formation 10 times
10 times 11 based
12 on 15 equations
13 these 15 equations
14 regression 15 equations

in the second part of this study [these] regression formulae were applied blind to teeth from two individuals with known medical histories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 formulae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 7 study
1 in 10 formulae
2 the 3 second
2 the 4 part
4 part 5 of
4 part 7 study
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
9 regression 10 formulae
10 formulae 11 were
11 were 12 applied
12 applied 13 blind
13 blind 14 to
13 blind 16 from
13 blind 19 with
14 to 15 teeth
16 from 18 individuals
17 two 18 individuals
19 with 22 histories
20 known 22 histories
21 medical 22 histories

the formulae were able to successfully determine the times of prenatal and postnatal enamel formation relative to the neonatal line and also to correctly estimate the ages at which accentuated ['] stress lines ' occurred during the period of deciduous crown formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formulae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 formulae
2 formulae 3 were
3 were 4 able
4 able 5 to
5 to 7 determine
6 successfully 7 determine
7 determine 9 times
7 determine 21 and
8 the 9 times
9 times 10 of
9 times 21 and
10 of 15 formation
11 prenatal 12 and
12 and 13 postnatal
12 and 14 enamel
14 enamel 15 formation
15 formation 16 relative
16 relative 17 to
17 to 19 neonatal
18 the 19 neonatal
20 line 21 and
21 and 23 to
21 and 25 estimate
22 also 23 to
23 to 25 estimate
24 correctly 25 estimate
25 estimate 27 ages
26 the 27 ages
27 ages 28 at
27 ages 39 of
28 at 29 which
28 at 32 stress
28 at 34 '
28 at 35 occurred
29 which 32 stress
30 accentuated 32 stress
33 lines 34 '
34 ' 35 occurred
35 occurred 36 during
36 during 38 period
37 the 38 period
39 of 42 formation
40 deciduous 41 crown
41 crown 42 formation

data about the possible correlation between reduction of the regeneration capacity in the course of phylogeny and formation of malignant tumours have been summarized from invertebrates to mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 summarized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 data 2 about
1 data 15 of
1 data 22 have
2 about 5 correlation
3 the 5 correlation
4 possible 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 between
5 correlation 8 of
6 between 7 reduction
8 of 11 capacity
9 the 11 capacity
10 regeneration 11 capacity
11 capacity 12 in
12 in 14 course
13 the 14 course
15 of 17 and
16 phylogeny 17 and
17 and 18 formation
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 tumours
20 malignant 21 tumours
22 have 23 been
23 been 24 summarized
24 summarized 25 from
24 summarized 27 to
25 from 26 invertebrates
27 to 28 mammals

the evolutionarily increasing complexity of body building plane [and] expectancy of longevity in the course of phylogeny seems to be grossly negatively correlated with diminished regeneration capacity , but [positively] with increased occurrence of malignant tumours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 complexity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 4 complexity
2 evolutionarily 3 increasing
3 increasing 4 complexity
4 complexity 5 of
4 complexity 11 of
4 complexity 13 in
4 complexity 16 of
4 complexity 18 seems
5 of 10 expectancy
6 body 10 expectancy
7 building 10 expectancy
8 plane 10 expectancy
11 of 12 longevity
13 in 15 course
14 the 15 course
16 of 17 phylogeny
18 seems 19 to
18 seems 23 correlated
19 to 20 be
20 be 23 correlated
21 grossly 23 correlated
22 negatively 23 correlated
23 correlated 29 but
24 with 27 capacity
24 with 29 but
25 diminished 26 regeneration
26 regeneration 27 capacity
28 , 29 but
29 but 31 with
31 with 33 occurrence
32 increased 33 occurrence
33 occurrence 34 of
34 of 36 tumours
35 malignant 36 tumours

a certain evolution - based switch - off mechanism reducing the extent of regeneration [in] developmentally complicated and long - living animals such as mammals and birds can be hypothesized and benefits of loss of this ability are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 a 3 evolution
2 certain 3 evolution
4 - 6 switch
4 - 7 -
5 based 6 switch
7 - 26 and
7 - 39 discussed
7 - 40 .
8 off 10 reducing
8 off 26 and
9 mechanism 10 reducing
11 the 12 extent
12 extent 13 of
12 extent 14 regeneration
13 of 14 regeneration
14 regeneration 17 complicated
14 regeneration 18 and
16 developmentally 17 complicated
18 and 22 animals
18 and 24 as
18 and 26 and
19 long 20 -
19 long 21 living
21 living 22 animals
23 such 24 as
24 as 25 mammals
26 and 27 birds
26 and 31 and
26 and 33 of
26 and 38 are
28 can 29 be
28 can 31 and
29 be 30 hypothesized
31 and 32 benefits
33 of 34 loss
34 loss 35 of
35 of 37 ability
36 this 37 ability
38 are 39 discussed

this high incidence of malignancies seems to be related , in addition to other factors , to prolonged [and] cumulative exposure to cancerogenic stimuli in the course [of] lifetime . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 3 incidence
2 high 3 incidence
3 incidence 4 of
3 incidence 6 seems
4 of 5 malignancies
6 seems 7 to
6 seems 9 related
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 related
9 related 11 in
9 related 17 to
9 related 22 to
9 related 25 in
10 , 11 in
11 in 12 addition
11 in 16 ,
12 addition 13 to
13 to 15 factors
14 other 15 factors
17 to 21 exposure
18 prolonged 21 exposure
20 cumulative 21 exposure
22 to 24 stimuli
23 cancerogenic 24 stimuli
25 in 29 lifetime
26 the 29 lifetime
27 course 29 lifetime

longevity , supported by the progress and availability of medical care to the population , has been unveiling this phenomenon during recent decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 longevity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 longevity 3 supported
1 longevity 16 has
2 , 3 supported
3 supported 4 by
3 supported 12 to
3 supported 15 ,
4 by 7 and
5 the 6 progress
6 progress 7 and
7 and 8 availability
7 and 9 of
9 of 11 care
10 medical 11 care
12 to 14 population
13 the 14 population
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 unveiling
18 unveiling 20 phenomenon
18 unveiling 21 during
19 this 20 phenomenon
21 during 23 decades
22 recent 23 decades

from this point of view , ageing represents the main risk for cancer acquisition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 from 3 point
1 from 6 ,
1 from 7 ageing
2 this 3 point
3 point 4 of
4 of 5 view
7 ageing 8 represents
8 represents 11 risk
9 the 10 main
9 the 11 risk
11 risk 12 for
12 for 14 acquisition
13 cancer 14 acquisition

the probable role of microenvironment in all the discussed phenomena such as healing/regeneration , inflammation , and cancer is discussed and targeting of microenvironment is consequently predicted as a possible therapeutic target where controlled manipulation may represent a new approach to the treatment of cancer patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 3 role
2 probable 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 6 in
3 role 19 is
4 of 5 microenvironment
6 in 7 all
7 all 8 the
7 all 10 phenomena
8 the 10 phenomena
9 discussed 10 phenomena
10 phenomena 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 17 and
13 healing/regeneration 14 ,
14 , 15 inflammation
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 cancer
19 is 20 discussed
21 and 22 targeting
21 and 27 predicted
22 targeting 23 of
22 targeting 25 is
23 of 24 microenvironment
25 is 27 predicted
26 consequently 27 predicted
27 predicted 28 as
27 predicted 33 where
28 as 32 target
29 a 30 possible
29 a 32 target
30 possible 32 target
31 therapeutic 32 target
33 where 35 manipulation
33 where 37 represent
34 controlled 35 manipulation
35 manipulation 36 may
36 may 37 represent
37 represent 40 approach
37 represent 41 to
38 a 39 new
38 a 40 approach
39 new 40 approach
41 to 43 treatment
42 the 43 treatment
43 treatment 44 of
44 of 46 patients
45 cancer 46 patients

cma proteolytic activity has a reciprocal relationship with macroautophagy : cma is most active in cells in which macroautophagy is least active . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cma 3 activity
2 proteolytic 3 activity
3 activity 4 has
4 has 7 relationship
5 a 6 reciprocal
5 a 7 relationship
6 reciprocal 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 with
8 with 9 macroautophagy
10 : 11 cma
10 : 12 is
11 cma 12 is
12 is 14 active
13 most 14 active
14 active 15 in
15 in 16 cells
16 cells 17 in
17 in 18 which
17 in 19 macroautophagy
17 in 20 is
19 macroautophagy 20 is
20 is 21 least
20 is 22 active

normal renal proximal tubular cells have low levels of macroautophagy , but high basal levels of cma activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 normal 5 cells
2 renal 5 cells
3 proximal 5 cells
4 tubular 5 cells
5 cells 6 have
6 have 8 levels
7 low 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 15 levels
10 macroautophagy 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 high
12 but 15 levels
14 basal 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 18 activity
17 cma 18 activity

cma activity is regulated by starvation , growth factors , oxidative stress , lipids , aging , and retinoic acid signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cma 2 activity
2 activity 3 is
3 is 4 regulated
4 regulated 5 by
5 by 6 starvation
7 , 18 and
8 growth 9 factors
9 factors 10 ,
10 , 12 stress
10 , 13 ,
11 oxidative 12 stress
13 , 14 lipids
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 aging
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 acid
18 and 21 signaling
19 retinoic 20 acid

the physiological consequences of changes in cma activity depend on the substrate proteins present in a given cell type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 consequences
2 physiological 3 consequences
3 consequences 4 of
3 consequences 9 depend
4 of 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
6 in 8 activity
7 cma 8 activity
9 depend 10 on
10 on 13 proteins
11 the 13 proteins
12 substrate 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 present
14 present 15 in
15 in 19 type
16 a 19 type
17 given 18 cell
18 cell 19 type

in the proximal tubule , increased cma results from protein or calorie starvation and from oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 4 tubule
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 cma
2 the 4 tubule
3 proximal 4 tubule
6 increased 7 cma
7 cma 8 results
8 results 14 and
9 from 11 or
9 from 14 and
10 protein 11 or
11 or 13 starvation
12 calorie 13 starvation
14 and 15 from
15 from 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress