patients were treated either with the bvam regimen ( carmustine , vincristine , cytarabine , mtx ) or with chod ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine and dexamethasone ) given for one cycle prior to bvam . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 treated
3 treated 18 or
4 either 18 or
5 with 8 regimen
5 with 18 or
6 the 8 regimen
7 bvam 8 regimen
8 regimen 10 carmustine
8 regimen 12 vincristine
9 ( 10 carmustine
10 carmustine 11 ,
11 , 12 vincristine
12 vincristine 14 cytarabine
12 vincristine 17 )
13 , 14 cytarabine
14 cytarabine 16 mtx
14 cytarabine 17 )
15 , 16 mtx
16 mtx 17 )
18 or 19 with
19 with 20 chod
20 chod 22 cyclophosphamide
21 ( 22 cyclophosphamide
22 cyclophosphamide 23 ,
23 , 27 and
23 , 33 cycle
24 doxorubicin 25 ,
25 , 26 vincristine
25 , 27 and
27 and 28 dexamethasone
27 and 29 )
27 and 30 given
27 and 33 cycle
30 given 31 for
31 for 32 one
33 cycle 35 to
34 prior 35 to
35 to 36 bvam

the age at which patients were diagnosed with pcnsl increased during the period of the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 3 at
2 age 10 increased
3 at 4 which
3 at 5 patients
3 at 7 diagnosed
5 patients 6 were
6 were 7 diagnosed
7 diagnosed 8 with
8 with 9 pcnsl
10 increased 11 during
11 during 13 period
12 the 13 period
13 period 14 of
14 of 16 study
15 the 16 study

during the first half of the study period ( 1986 - 1997 ) the median age was 60.5 years , compared to a median age of 65 years during the second half of the study period ( 1998 - 2008 ) ( p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 during 4 half
1 during 16 age
2 the 3 first
2 the 4 half
4 half 5 of
5 of 8 period
6 the 8 period
7 study 8 period
8 period 11 -
9 ( 11 -
10 1986 11 -
11 - 12 1997
11 - 13 )
14 the 16 age
15 median 16 age
16 age 17 was
17 was 19 years
18 60.5 19 years
19 years 21 compared
20 , 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
21 compared 29 during
21 compared 46 )
22 to 25 age
23 a 25 age
24 median 25 age
25 age 26 of
26 of 28 years
27 65 28 years
29 during 32 half
30 the 31 second
30 the 32 half
32 half 33 of
33 of 36 period
34 the 36 period
35 study 36 period
36 period 44 =
37 ( 39 -
38 1998 39 -
39 - 40 2008
39 - 41 )
39 - 44 =
42 ( 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.001

the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased with age over 40 years in a similar way to the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 5 rate
2 estimated 4 filtration
3 glomerular 4 filtration
4 filtration 5 rate
5 rate 6 decreased
6 decreased 7 with
6 decreased 9 over
6 decreased 16 to
7 with 8 age
9 over 11 years
10 40 11 years
11 years 12 in
12 in 15 way
13 a 15 way
14 similar 15 way
16 to 19 population
17 the 19 population
18 general 19 population

the increasing age of patients with pcnsl and decreasing renal function limit the intensity of chemotherapy with mtx containing regimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 limit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 age
2 increasing 3 age
3 age 4 of
3 age 8 and
4 of 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
6 with 7 pcnsl
8 and 11 function
8 and 12 limit
9 decreasing 11 function
10 renal 11 function
12 limit 14 intensity
12 limit 17 with
13 the 14 intensity
14 intensity 15 of
15 of 16 chemotherapy
17 with 18 mtx
18 mtx 19 containing
19 containing 20 regimens

this is a descriptive study using the data side of the municipal secretariat for coordination of social policy in belo horizonte , whose purpose was to describe the epidemiological profile of elderly population of this city . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 this 2 is
2 is 18 policy
3 a 4 descriptive
3 a 18 policy
4 descriptive 5 study
5 study 6 using
5 study 10 of
5 study 16 of
6 using 9 side
7 the 9 side
8 data 9 side
10 of 13 secretariat
11 the 13 secretariat
12 municipal 13 secretariat
13 secretariat 14 for
14 for 15 coordination
15 coordination 16 of
17 social 18 policy
18 policy 19 in
19 in 21 horizonte
20 belo 21 horizonte
21 horizonte 23 whose
22 , 23 whose
23 whose 24 purpose
23 whose 37 .
24 purpose 25 was
25 was 26 to
25 was 27 describe
26 to 27 describe
27 describe 30 profile
28 the 30 profile
29 epidemiological 30 profile
30 profile 31 of
31 of 33 population
32 elderly 33 population
33 population 34 of
34 of 36 city
35 this 36 city

[the] [elderly] in belo horizonte in 2000 represent 9.1 % of total population residing therein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
3 in 5 horizonte
3 in 8 represent
4 belo 5 horizonte
5 horizonte 6 in
6 in 7 2000
8 represent 10 %
9 9.1 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 13 population
12 total 13 population
13 population 14 residing
14 residing 15 therein

population [of] elderly , 60.5 % are women and 39.4 % are men , 2.9 % of the elderly had some type of physical disability , 16.4 % have hearing loss , 23.5 % find it hard to see , 24.1 % have difficulty walking or climbing stairs , and that 3.8 % had mental problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 population 11 %
3 elderly 4 ,
3 elderly 11 %
5 60.5 6 %
5 60.5 9 and
6 % 7 are
7 are 8 women
9 and 10 39.4
9 and 11 %
11 % 12 are
12 are 13 men
14 , 16 %
14 , 20 had
14 , 26 ,
15 2.9 16 %
16 % 17 of
16 % 20 had
17 of 19 elderly
18 the 19 elderly
20 had 23 of
21 some 23 of
22 type 23 of
23 of 25 disability
24 physical 25 disability
26 , 28 %
26 , 29 have
26 , 32 ,
27 16.4 28 %
28 % 29 have
29 have 31 loss
30 hearing 31 loss
32 , 34 %
32 , 35 find
32 , 40 ,
33 23.5 34 %
34 % 35 find
35 find 36 it
35 find 37 hard
37 hard 38 to
38 to 39 see
40 , 42 %
40 , 43 have
41 24.1 42 %
42 % 43 have
43 have 46 or
44 difficulty 45 walking
44 difficulty 46 or
46 or 56 problems
46 or 57 .
47 climbing 56 problems
48 stairs 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 that
50 and 53 %
50 and 54 had
50 and 56 problems
52 3.8 53 %
53 % 54 had
55 mental 56 problems

it was concluded that the share of elderly people [,] weakened in belo horizonte was represented by less than one with good health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 concluded
3 concluded 4 that
4 that 6 share
4 that 16 represented
5 the 6 share
6 share 7 of
6 share 15 was
7 of 9 people
8 elderly 9 people
9 people 11 weakened
11 weakened 12 in
12 in 14 horizonte
13 belo 14 horizonte
15 was 16 represented
16 represented 17 by
16 represented 21 with
17 by 20 one
18 less 19 than
19 than 20 one
21 with 23 health
22 good 23 health

aging is not synonymous with disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 synonymous
4 synonymous 5 with
5 with 6 disability

background : the random gap detection test ( rgdt ) [evaluates] temporal resolution threshold . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 14 threshold
3 the 14 threshold
4 random 5 gap
5 gap 6 detection
6 detection 7 test
7 test 9 rgdt
8 ( 9 rgdt
9 rgdt 10 )
9 rgdt 14 threshold
12 temporal 13 resolution
13 resolution 14 threshold

there are doubts as to whether performance in this task remains unchanged with the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 doubts
2 are 5 to
4 as 5 to
5 to 6 whether
6 whether 7 performance
6 whether 11 remains
7 performance 8 in
7 performance 11 remains
8 in 10 task
9 this 10 task
11 remains 12 unchanged
12 unchanged 13 with
13 with 16 process
14 the 16 process
15 aging 16 process

at the same time , there is a concern about how much the difficulties of communication experienced by elderly individuals are related to the deterioration [of] temporal resolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 6 there
2 the 3 same
3 same 4 time
6 there 7 is
7 is 9 concern
8 a 9 concern
9 concern 10 about
9 concern 23 to
10 about 11 how
11 how 12 much
12 much 14 difficulties
12 much 22 related
13 the 14 difficulties
14 difficulties 15 of
14 difficulties 21 are
15 of 16 communication
16 communication 17 experienced
17 experienced 18 by
18 by 20 individuals
19 elderly 20 individuals
21 are 22 related
23 to 28 resolution
24 the 28 resolution
25 deterioration 28 resolution
27 temporal 28 resolution

aim : to determine auditory temporal resolution threshold [in] elderly individuals with normal peripheral hearing or symmetric mild sensorineural hearing loss , [and] to correlate findings with gender , age , audiometric findings and scores obtained in the self - assessment of communication ( sac ) questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 22 ,
2 : 36 obtained
2 : 48 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 16 or
5 auditory 8 threshold
6 temporal 8 threshold
7 resolution 8 threshold
8 threshold 11 individuals
10 elderly 11 individuals
11 individuals 12 with
11 individuals 16 or
12 with 15 hearing
13 normal 15 hearing
14 peripheral 15 hearing
16 or 21 loss
17 symmetric 20 hearing
18 mild 20 hearing
19 sensorineural 20 hearing
20 hearing 21 loss
22 , 24 to
22 , 25 correlate
24 to 25 correlate
25 correlate 26 findings
25 correlate 27 with
27 with 34 and
27 with 36 obtained
28 gender 29 ,
29 , 30 age
29 , 31 ,
31 , 33 findings
31 , 34 and
32 audiometric 33 findings
34 and 35 scores
36 obtained 37 in
37 in 47 questionnaire
38 the 47 questionnaire
39 self 41 assessment
39 self 47 questionnaire
40 - 41 assessment
41 assessment 42 of
41 assessment 45 sac
41 assessment 46 )
42 of 43 communication
44 ( 45 sac
45 sac 46 )

methods : 63 elderly individuals , aged between 60 and 80 years ( 53 women and 10 men ) , were submitted to the rgdt and the sac . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 individuals
2 : 22 submitted
3 63 5 individuals
4 elderly 5 individuals
5 individuals 7 aged
5 individuals 21 were
6 , 7 aged
7 aged 8 between
7 aged 20 ,
8 between 12 years
9 60 10 and
10 and 11 80
10 and 12 years
12 years 16 and
13 ( 16 and
14 53 15 women
15 women 16 and
16 and 18 men
16 and 19 )
17 10 18 men
21 were 22 submitted
22 submitted 23 to
23 to 26 and
24 the 25 rgdt
25 rgdt 26 and
26 and 28 sac
27 the 28 sac

results : statistical analysis of the relationship between gender and the rgdt indicated that the performance of elderly females was statistically poorer when compared to elderly males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 10 and
2 : 13 indicated
3 statistical 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 10 and
5 of 7 relationship
6 the 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
8 between 9 gender
10 and 12 rgdt
10 and 13 indicated
11 the 12 rgdt
13 indicated 14 that
14 that 16 performance
14 that 20 was
15 the 16 performance
16 performance 17 of
16 performance 20 was
17 of 19 females
18 elderly 19 females
20 was 21 statistically
20 was 22 poorer
22 poorer 23 when
22 poorer 25 to
23 when 24 compared
25 to 27 males
26 elderly 27 males

age and audiometric configuration did not correlate to performance in the rdgt and in the sac . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 age 2 and
2 and 4 configuration
2 and 5 did
3 audiometric 4 configuration
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 correlate
7 correlate 8 to
8 to 9 performance
9 performance 13 and
10 in 12 rdgt
10 in 13 and
11 the 12 rdgt
13 and 14 in
14 in 16 sac
15 the 16 sac

the results indicate that in the sac both genders presented no significant complaints about communication difficulties regardless of the outcome obtained in the rgdt or audiometric configuration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 9 genders
4 that 10 presented
5 in 7 sac
5 in 9 genders
6 the 7 sac
8 both 9 genders
9 genders 10 presented
10 presented 13 complaints
10 presented 18 of
11 no 13 complaints
12 significant 13 complaints
13 complaints 14 about
14 about 16 difficulties
15 communication 16 difficulties
17 regardless 18 of
18 of 20 outcome
19 the 20 outcome
20 outcome 21 obtained
21 obtained 22 in
22 in 25 or
23 the 24 rgdt
24 rgdt 25 or
25 or 27 configuration
26 audiometric 27 configuration

conclusion : the average temporal resolution threshold for women was 104.81ms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 threshold
2 : 10 was
2 : 12 .
3 the 7 threshold
4 average 6 resolution
5 temporal 6 resolution
6 resolution 7 threshold
7 threshold 8 for
7 threshold 10 was
8 for 9 women
10 was 11 104.81ms

considering gender , females did not present correlations between age and audiometric configuration , not only when considering the rgdt results but also when analyzing the sac results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 considering 2 gender
1 considering 3 ,
1 considering 4 females
4 females 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 present
7 present 8 correlations
7 present 9 between
9 between 11 and
10 age 11 and
11 and 13 configuration
12 audiometric 13 configuration
14 , 15 not
15 not 16 only
15 not 25 analyzing
15 not 28 results
17 when 18 considering
17 when 25 analyzing
18 considering 20 rgdt
18 considering 22 but
19 the 20 rgdt
21 results 22 but
22 but 23 also
22 but 24 when
25 analyzing 27 sac
25 analyzing 28 results
26 the 27 sac

background : children with specific language impairment ( sli ) have difficulties with speech processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 children
2 : 11 have
2 : 16 .
3 children 4 with
3 children 11 have
4 with 9 sli
5 specific 6 language
6 language 7 impairment
7 impairment 9 sli
8 ( 9 sli
9 sli 10 )
11 have 12 difficulties
11 have 13 with
13 with 15 processing
14 speech 15 processing

these difficulties affect the development of phonologic representations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difficulties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 these 2 difficulties
2 difficulties 3 affect
3 affect 5 development
4 the 5 development
5 development 6 of
6 of 8 representations
7 phonologic 8 representations

aim : to evaluate the abilities of children with normal language development ( nld ) and those with sli in distinguishing words from [non] - words in a lexical decision task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 25 -
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 abilities
5 the 6 abilities
6 abilities 7 of
6 abilities 18 with
7 of 16 and
8 children 9 with
8 children 16 and
9 with 12 development
10 normal 11 language
11 language 12 development
12 development 14 nld
13 ( 14 nld
14 nld 15 )
16 and 17 those
18 with 19 sli
19 sli 20 in
20 in 21 distinguishing
21 distinguishing 22 words
23 from 25 -
25 - 26 words
26 words 27 in
26 words 31 task
27 in 30 decision
28 a 29 lexical
28 a 30 decision
29 lexical 30 decision

method : two groups were involved in this study : the control group ( gc ) , with no language disorders , composed by 36 subjects , and the research group ( rg ) , with 18 subjects , all diagnosed with sli , aging form 4 to 8:9 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 groups
2 : 6 involved
2 : 10 :
3 two 4 groups
4 groups 5 were
5 were 6 involved
6 involved 7 in
7 in 9 study
8 this 9 study
10 : 15 gc
10 : 39 ,
11 the 15 gc
12 control 13 group
13 group 15 gc
14 ( 15 gc
15 gc 16 )
15 gc 18 with
15 gc 39 ,
17 , 18 with
18 with 21 disorders
18 with 22 ,
19 no 21 disorders
20 language 21 disorders
23 composed 24 by
23 composed 28 and
23 composed 36 with
23 composed 39 ,
24 by 25 36
26 subjects 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 33 rg
28 and 35 ,
29 the 33 rg
30 research 31 group
31 group 33 rg
32 ( 33 rg
33 rg 34 )
36 with 38 subjects
37 18 38 subjects
39 , 41 diagnosed
39 , 42 with
39 , 45 aging
40 all 41 diagnosed
42 with 43 sli
44 , 45 aging
45 aging 46 form
45 aging 51 .
46 form 47 4
46 form 48 to
48 to 50 years
49 8:9 50 years

children from both groups were arranged in three subgroups , according to the receptive vocabulary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 arranged
1 children 2 from
1 children 5 were
2 from 4 groups
3 both 4 groups
5 were 6 arranged
6 arranged 7 in
6 arranged 12 to
7 in 9 subgroups
8 three 9 subgroups
10 , 12 to
11 according 12 to
12 to 15 vocabulary
12 to 16 .
13 the 15 vocabulary
14 receptive 15 vocabulary

forty eight three syllable words were selected , being 24 real words [and] 24 that were manipulated in order to obtain [non] - words . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 eight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 forty 2 eight
2 eight 5 words
2 eight 6 were
2 eight 7 selected
3 three 5 words
4 syllable 5 words
5 words 6 were
7 selected 9 being
7 selected 24 words
8 , 9 being
9 being 12 words
9 being 18 in
9 being 23 -
10 24 11 real
11 real 12 words
12 words 14 24
12 words 15 that
12 words 16 were
15 that 16 were
16 were 17 manipulated
18 in 19 order
19 order 20 to
19 order 21 obtain
20 to 21 obtain

three variables were considered : [(] a [ )(modification extension , [(] [b] [ )(modification positioning and [(] [c] [ )(modification type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 three 2 variables
2 variables 3 were
3 were 4 considered
5 : 17 and
5 : 22 type
5 : 23 .
7 a 10 extension
9 )(modification 10 extension
10 extension 11 ,
11 , 16 positioning
11 , 17 and
15 )(modification 16 positioning
17 and 21 )(modification
17 and 22 type

children had to decide whether a phonological sequence consisted of a word or a [non] [-] word . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 children 2 had
2 had 3 to
2 had 4 decide
3 to 4 decide
4 decide 5 whether
5 whether 8 sequence
5 whether 9 consisted
6 a 7 phonological
6 a 8 sequence
7 phonological 8 sequence
8 sequence 9 consisted
9 consisted 10 of
10 of 13 or
11 a 12 word
12 word 13 or
13 or 17 word
14 a 17 word

results : even though children were matched by lexical age , there were differences between gc and rg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 even
3 even 4 though
4 though 5 children
4 though 7 matched
5 children 6 were
6 were 7 matched
7 matched 8 by
8 by 10 age
9 lexical 10 age
11 , 12 there
11 , 13 were
12 there 13 were
13 were 14 differences
14 differences 15 between
15 between 18 rg
16 gc 17 and
17 and 18 rg
18 rg 19 .

the rg presented more difficulty in lexical [decision] , [not] only [for] words but also [for] [non] - words . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 rg
2 rg 3 presented
3 presented 5 difficulty
3 presented 6 in
4 more 5 difficulty
6 in 19 words
7 lexical 13 words
7 lexical 19 words
9 , 11 only
9 , 13 words
13 words 14 but
13 words 18 -
14 but 15 also

both groups , with lexical age of 4 years , struggled more in this task when compared with groups with lexical age of 5 and 6 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 struggled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 both 2 groups
2 groups 4 with
2 groups 11 struggled
3 , 4 with
4 with 6 age
4 with 10 ,
5 lexical 6 age
6 age 7 of
7 of 9 years
8 4 9 years
11 struggled 12 more
11 struggled 13 in
11 struggled 16 when
11 struggled 18 with
11 struggled 20 with
13 in 15 task
14 this 15 task
16 when 17 compared
18 with 19 groups
20 with 22 age
21 lexical 22 age
22 age 23 of
23 of 27 years
24 5 25 and
25 and 26 6
25 and 27 years

conclusion : children with sli presented [deficit] in phonological representation when compared with children with nld . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 children
3 children 4 with
3 children 6 presented
4 with 5 sli
6 presented 8 in
6 presented 11 when
6 presented 15 with
8 in 10 representation
9 phonological 10 representation
11 when 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
13 with 14 children
15 with 16 nld

this difference in performance can be explained by differences in the formation and retention of working memory representations , auditory discrimination and motor planning and execution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 difference
2 difference 3 in
2 difference 5 can
3 in 4 performance
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 explained
7 explained 8 by
7 explained 10 in
8 by 9 differences
10 in 25 and
11 the 12 formation
12 formation 13 and
13 and 14 retention
13 and 15 of
13 and 19 ,
15 of 16 working
16 working 18 representations
17 memory 18 representations
19 , 21 discrimination
19 , 22 and
20 auditory 21 discrimination
22 and 23 motor
22 and 24 planning
22 and 25 and
25 and 26 execution

platelets critically contribute to atherothrombosis and worsening ischaemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) , eventually leading to critical limb ischaemia ( cli ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 platelets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 platelets 3 contribute
2 critically 3 contribute
3 contribute 4 to
3 contribute 9 in
4 to 6 and
5 atherothrombosis 6 and
6 and 8 ischaemia
7 worsening 8 ischaemia
9 in 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
11 with 14 disease
12 peripheral 14 disease
13 arterial 14 disease
14 disease 16 pad
14 disease 20 leading
15 ( 16 pad
16 pad 17 )
18 , 19 eventually
18 , 20 leading
20 leading 21 to
20 leading 27 )
21 to 24 ischaemia
22 critical 23 limb
23 limb 24 ischaemia
24 ischaemia 26 cli
25 ( 26 cli
26 cli 27 )

furthermore , persistent platelet activation [despite] antiplatelet therapy has been reported in this setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 8 therapy
3 persistent 4 platelet
4 platelet 8 therapy
5 activation 8 therapy
7 antiplatelet 8 therapy
8 therapy 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 reported
11 reported 12 in
12 in 14 setting
13 this 14 setting

the prostacyclin analogue iloprost is currently recommended in cli patients for its effects in relieving symptoms by promoting local perfusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analogue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 analogue
2 prostacyclin 3 analogue
3 analogue 4 iloprost
3 analogue 5 is
3 analogue 7 recommended
4 iloprost 5 is
5 is 6 currently
7 recommended 8 in
7 recommended 10 patients
7 recommended 14 in
8 in 9 cli
10 patients 11 for
11 for 13 effects
12 its 13 effects
14 in 15 relieving
15 relieving 16 symptoms
15 relieving 17 by
17 by 18 promoting
18 promoting 20 perfusion
19 local 20 perfusion

in this study , we investigated the effects of iloprost infusion on [urinary] 11 - dehydro - txb₂ and 8 - iso - pgf ( ₂α ) excretion rate , as in vivo indexes of thromboxane - dependent platelet activation and lipid peroxidation , respectively [,] [and] on platelet - derived proinflammatory scd40l and nitric oxide bioavailability in 44 patients with cli while on chronic treatment with low - dose aspirin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 2 this
1 in 3 study
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 investigated
4 , 15 -
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 effects
6 investigated 12 on
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 11 infusion
10 iloprost 11 infusion
12 on 14 11
15 - 16 dehydro
15 - 17 -
15 - 23 -
17 - 18 txb₂
17 - 19 and
17 - 22 iso
19 and 20 8
19 and 21 -
20 8 21 -
21 - 22 iso
23 - 24 pgf
23 - 30 ,
24 pgf 29 rate
25 ( 29 rate
26 ₂α 27 )
26 ₂α 29 rate
28 excretion 29 rate
29 rate 30 ,
30 , 41 and
31 as 33 vivo
32 in 33 vivo
33 vivo 41 and
34 indexes 35 of
34 indexes 41 and
35 of 40 activation
36 thromboxane 37 -
36 thromboxane 38 dependent
38 dependent 40 activation
39 platelet 40 activation
41 and 43 peroxidation
41 and 48 on
41 and 51 derived
42 lipid 43 peroxidation
44 , 45 respectively
44 , 48 on
48 on 49 platelet
48 on 50 -
51 derived 54 and
51 derived 58 in
51 derived 63 while
52 proinflammatory 53 scd40l
53 scd40l 54 and
54 and 57 bioavailability
55 nitric 57 bioavailability
56 oxide 57 bioavailability
58 in 60 patients
59 44 60 patients
60 patients 61 with
61 with 62 cli
63 while 64 on
64 on 66 treatment
65 chronic 66 treatment
66 treatment 67 with
66 treatment 71 aspirin
67 with 68 low
69 - 71 aspirin
70 dose 71 aspirin
71 aspirin 72 .

daily iloprost infusion for one - week significantly decreased urinary [11] - dehydro - txb₂ [ 499 ( 277 - 807 [ )(vs [.] 380 ( 189 - 560 [ )(pg/mg creatinine , p < 0.0001 []] and 8 - iso - pgf ( ₂α ) [ 533 ( 316 - 842 [ )(vs [.] 334 ( 196 - 540 [ )(pg/mg creatinine , p < 0.0001 []] as well as plasma scd40l [ 1540 ( 1005 - 3015 ) vs [.] 948 ( 845 - 2030 [ )(pg/ml , p < 0.0001 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 iloprost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 daily 2 iloprost
2 iloprost 3 infusion
2 iloprost 4 for
4 for 5 one
6 - 13 dehydro
6 - 14 -
7 week 13 dehydro
8 significantly 9 decreased
9 decreased 13 dehydro
10 urinary 12 -
10 urinary 13 dehydro
14 - 15 txb₂
14 - 20 -
15 txb₂ 17 499
16 [ 17 499
17 499 19 277
17 499 20 -
18 ( 19 277
19 277 20 -
20 - 21 807
20 - 28 -
21 807 23 )(vs
23 )(vs 25 380
25 380 27 189
26 ( 27 189
27 189 28 -
28 - 32 creatinine
28 - 40 -
29 560 31 )(pg/mg
31 )(pg/mg 32 creatinine
32 creatinine 35 <
33 , 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 38 and
36 0.0001 38 and
38 and 39 8
40 - 43 pgf
40 - 51 -
41 iso 42 -
41 iso 43 pgf
43 pgf 45 ₂α
43 pgf 48 533
44 ( 45 ₂α
45 ₂α 46 )
47 [ 48 533
48 533 50 316
48 533 51 -
49 ( 50 316
50 316 51 -
51 - 52 842
52 842 54 )(vs
54 )(vs 56 334
56 334 58 196
56 334 66 <
57 ( 58 196
58 196 63 creatinine
58 196 64 ,
59 - 63 creatinine
60 540 62 )(pg/mg
62 )(pg/mg 63 creatinine
63 creatinine 64 ,
64 , 66 <
65 p 66 <
66 < 67 0.0001
67 0.0001 69 as
69 as 70 well
70 well 71 as
70 well 81 vs
71 as 73 scd40l
72 plasma 73 scd40l
73 scd40l 75 1540
74 [ 75 1540
75 1540 77 1005
75 1540 80 )
76 ( 77 1005
77 1005 79 3015
77 1005 80 )
78 - 79 3015
79 3015 80 )
81 vs 83 948
83 948 86 -
84 ( 86 -
85 845 86 -
86 - 87 2030
86 - 92 <
86 - 95 .
87 2030 89 )(pg/ml
89 )(pg/ml 92 <
90 , 92 <
91 p 92 <
92 < 93 0.0001
92 < 94 ]

furthermore , a significant increase in plasma nitrate plus nitrite levels has been observed [[] 26.8 ( 18.8 - 35.9 ) [vs] . 43.7 ( 33.0 - 75.5 ) μm , p < 0.0001 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 increase
3 a 5 increase
4 significant 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 14 observed
6 in 7 plasma
7 plasma 8 nitrate
7 plasma 13 been
8 nitrate 9 plus
8 nitrate 12 has
9 plus 11 levels
10 nitrite 11 levels
12 has 13 been
14 observed 16 26.8
16 26.8 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 18.8 19 -
19 - 20 35.9
19 - 21 )
23 . 24 43.7
23 . 30 μm
24 43.7 27 -
24 43.7 30 μm
25 ( 27 -
26 33.0 27 -
27 - 28 75.5
27 - 29 )
30 μm 33 <
31 , 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.0001
33 < 35 ]

a significant direct correlation was also found between [urinary] 8 - iso - pgf ( ₂α ) and 11 - dehydro - txb2 before and after iloprost treatment [(] rho = 0.695 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 4 correlation
2 significant 4 correlation
3 direct 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 was
5 was 7 found
6 also 7 found
7 found 8 between
8 between 10 8
11 - 12 iso
11 - 13 -
11 - 31 =
13 - 14 pgf
13 - 18 and
14 pgf 16 ₂α
15 ( 16 ₂α
16 ₂α 17 )
18 and 19 11
18 and 20 -
19 11 20 -
20 - 23 txb2
21 dehydro 22 -
21 dehydro 23 txb2
23 txb2 25 and
23 txb2 31 =
24 before 25 and
25 and 26 after
26 after 30 rho
27 iloprost 28 treatment
28 treatment 30 rho
31 = 35 <
32 0.695 35 <
33 , 35 <
34 p 35 <
35 < 36 0.0001
35 < 37 )

in conclusion , we report that a short - term course of iloprost is able to significantly reduce residual thromboxane biosynthesis , oxidative stress , endothelial dysfunction and platelet - derived inflammation in low - dose aspirin treated patients with cli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 report
4 we 5 report
5 report 6 that
6 that 11 course
6 that 14 is
7 a 11 course
8 short 9 -
8 short 10 term
10 term 11 course
11 course 12 of
11 course 14 is
12 of 13 iloprost
14 is 15 able
15 able 16 to
16 to 18 reduce
17 significantly 18 reduce
18 reduce 28 and
18 reduce 33 in
18 reduce 40 with
19 residual 20 thromboxane
20 thromboxane 21 biosynthesis
21 biosynthesis 22 ,
22 , 24 stress
22 , 25 ,
23 oxidative 24 stress
25 , 27 dysfunction
25 , 28 and
26 endothelial 27 dysfunction
28 and 32 inflammation
29 platelet 30 -
29 platelet 32 inflammation
31 derived 32 inflammation
33 in 39 patients
34 low 35 -
34 low 39 patients
36 dose 38 treated
37 aspirin 38 treated
38 treated 39 patients
40 with 41 cli

purpose : age as poor prognostic factor following nerve repair may be due to change in intraneural anatomy with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 repair
2 : 15 change
2 : 21 .
3 age 10 repair
4 as 5 poor
5 poor 7 factor
6 prognostic 7 factor
7 factor 10 repair
8 following 10 repair
9 nerve 10 repair
10 repair 11 may
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 due
13 due 14 to
13 due 15 change
14 to 15 change
15 change 16 in
16 in 18 anatomy
17 intraneural 18 anatomy
18 anatomy 19 with
19 with 20 age

the purpose of this study is to find out the cross sectional microanatomy of the superficial branch of radial nerve ( sbrn ) at distal part [of] forearm for changes in the fascicular , [non] [-] fascicular components with respect to age and also to find cross section area of sbrn in healthy volunteers [.] 
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 find
7 to 8 find
8 find 9 out
8 find 13 microanatomy
10 the 13 microanatomy
11 cross 13 microanatomy
12 sectional 13 microanatomy
13 microanatomy 14 of
13 microanatomy 24 at
14 of 17 branch
15 the 17 branch
16 superficial 17 branch
17 branch 18 of
17 branch 22 sbrn
18 of 20 nerve
19 radial 20 nerve
21 ( 22 sbrn
22 sbrn 23 )
24 at 28 forearm
25 distal 28 forearm
26 part 28 forearm
28 forearm 29 for
28 forearm 31 in
29 for 30 changes
31 in 38 components
32 the 38 components
33 fascicular 34 ,
33 fascicular 38 components
37 fascicular 38 components
38 components 39 with
38 components 41 to
38 components 48 section
39 with 40 respect
41 to 43 and
42 age 43 and
43 and 45 to
43 and 48 section
44 also 45 to
45 to 46 find
46 find 47 cross
48 section 49 area
49 area 50 of
50 of 51 sbrn
51 sbrn 52 in
52 in 54 volunteers
53 healthy 54 volunteers

material and methods : sixty fresh human ( 37 - 88 [-] year - old ) cadaveric sbrn were collected from the distal part [of] forearm and studied at different magnifications after histological processing for morphometric analysis - total cross - sectional ( asc ) , fascicular ( af ) [and] [non] - fascicular area ( anonf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 18 sbrn
4 : 27 and
4 : 38 -
4 : 41 -
5 sixty 18 sbrn
6 fresh 18 sbrn
7 human 13 year
7 human 18 sbrn
8 ( 13 year
9 37 10 -
10 - 11 88
10 - 13 year
13 year 14 -
15 old 16 )
15 old 18 sbrn
17 cadaveric 18 sbrn
18 sbrn 27 and
19 were 20 collected
19 were 27 and
20 collected 21 from
21 from 26 forearm
22 the 26 forearm
23 distal 24 part
24 part 26 forearm
27 and 28 studied
27 and 29 at
27 and 32 after
27 and 35 for
29 at 31 magnifications
30 different 31 magnifications
32 after 34 processing
33 histological 34 processing
35 for 37 analysis
36 morphometric 37 analysis
38 - 40 cross
39 total 40 cross
41 - 55 area
42 sectional 44 asc
42 sectional 46 ,
42 sectional 55 area
43 ( 44 asc
44 asc 45 )
47 fascicular 49 af
47 fascicular 53 -
47 fascicular 55 area
48 ( 49 af
49 af 50 )
54 fascicular 55 area
55 area 57 anonf
56 ( 57 anonf
57 anonf 58 )

fifteen volunteers sbrn cross sectional area was measured by ultrasonography ( us ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 fifteen 2 volunteers
2 volunteers 6 area
3 sbrn 6 area
4 cross 6 area
5 sectional 6 area
6 area 7 was
7 was 8 measured
8 measured 9 by
9 by 10 ultrasonography
10 ultrasonography 12 us
11 ( 12 us
12 us 13 )

results : the sbrn was found to have 6 - 12 fascicles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sbrn
2 : 8 have
2 : 13 .
3 the 4 sbrn
4 sbrn 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 to
7 to 8 have
8 have 12 fascicles
9 6 10 -
10 - 11 12
10 - 12 fascicles

morphometric and correlation analysis confirmed that there was a significant increase of total cross section area , with significant increase [of] interfascicular adipose tissue in relation to advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 morphometric 2 and
2 and 4 analysis
2 and 5 confirmed
2 and 6 that
2 and 8 was
3 correlation 4 analysis
6 that 7 there
6 that 8 was
8 was 11 increase
9 a 10 significant
9 a 11 increase
10 significant 11 increase
11 increase 12 of
12 of 16 area
13 total 14 cross
14 cross 15 section
15 section 16 area
17 , 29 age
18 with 24 tissue
18 with 29 age
19 significant 20 increase
20 increase 24 tissue
22 interfascicular 23 adipose
23 adipose 24 tissue
24 tissue 25 in
24 tissue 27 to
25 in 26 relation
27 to 28 advancing

ultrasonographic cross - sectional area ranged from 2 to 3.3 mm² . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 ultrasonographic 2 cross
3 - 5 area
3 - 6 ranged
3 - 12 .
4 sectional 5 area
5 area 6 ranged
6 ranged 7 from
7 from 11 mm²
8 2 9 to
9 to 10 3.3
9 to 11 mm²

conclusions : our study revealed comparatively more adipose tissue in human sbrn with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 revealed
2 : 16 .
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 revealed
5 revealed 6 comparatively
5 revealed 9 tissue
5 revealed 10 in
5 revealed 13 with
7 more 9 tissue
8 adipose 9 tissue
10 in 12 sbrn
11 human 12 sbrn
13 with 14 advancing
14 advancing 15 age

these findings may help to explain poor prognosis [with] advancing age following repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 help
4 help 5 to
4 help 6 explain
5 to 6 explain
6 explain 11 age
7 poor 8 prognosis
8 prognosis 10 advancing
10 advancing 11 age
11 age 12 following
12 following 13 repair

sbrn ultrasonographical asc was comparable to histological asc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 sbrn 3 asc
2 ultrasonographical 3 asc
3 asc 4 was
4 was 5 comparable
5 comparable 6 to
6 to 8 asc
7 histological 8 asc

further , it is possible to find asc of sbrn by [non] [-] invasive us study and calculate the fascicular and [non] [-] fascicular area using our histological findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 calculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 possible
5 possible 6 to
5 possible 18 calculate
6 to 17 and
7 find 16 study
7 find 17 and
8 asc 9 of
8 asc 16 study
9 of 10 sbrn
10 sbrn 11 by
11 by 15 us
14 invasive 15 us
17 and 18 calculate
18 calculate 25 area
19 the 25 area
20 fascicular 21 and
21 and 24 fascicular
21 and 25 area
25 area 26 using
26 using 29 findings
27 our 29 findings
28 histological 29 findings

objective : to evaluate for the first time the efficacy of safe - sourced phosphatidylserine - containing omega - 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ( ps - omega - 3 ) in improving memory abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 for
4 evaluate 10 efficacy
4 evaluate 17 containing
5 for 8 time
6 the 7 first
6 the 8 time
9 the 10 efficacy
10 efficacy 11 of
11 of 15 phosphatidylserine
12 safe 13 -
12 safe 15 phosphatidylserine
14 sourced 15 phosphatidylserine
16 - 17 containing
17 containing 18 omega
17 containing 19 -
19 - 20 3
19 - 22 chain
19 - 37 .
20 3 22 chain
21 long 22 chain
22 chain 25 acid
22 chain 33 in
23 polyunsaturated 25 acid
24 fatty 25 acid
25 acid 27 ps
25 acid 29 omega
26 ( 27 ps
27 ps 28 -
28 - 29 omega
29 omega 31 3
29 omega 32 )
30 - 31 3
31 3 32 )
33 in 34 improving
34 improving 36 abilities
35 memory 36 abilities

methods : ps - omega [-] 3 was administered daily for 6 weeks to eight elderly volunteers with subjective memory complaints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 ps
4 - 5 omega
4 - 9 administered
5 omega 7 3
5 omega 8 was
8 was 9 administered
9 administered 10 daily
10 daily 11 for
10 daily 14 to
11 for 13 weeks
12 6 13 weeks
14 to 17 volunteers
15 eight 17 volunteers
16 elderly 17 volunteers
17 volunteers 18 with
18 with 21 complaints
19 subjective 20 memory
20 memory 21 complaints

the cognitive drug research test battery was used to assess the effect on their cognitive abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 battery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 6 battery
2 cognitive 3 drug
3 drug 4 research
4 research 6 battery
5 test 6 battery
6 battery 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 effect
10 assess 13 on
11 the 12 effect
13 on 16 abilities
14 their 16 abilities
15 cognitive 16 abilities

results : ps - omega - 3 supplementation resulted in 42 % increase in the ability to recall words in the delayed condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 recall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 ps
4 - 5 omega
4 - 6 -
4 - 13 increase
6 - 7 3
7 3 8 supplementation
7 3 10 in
8 supplementation 9 resulted
9 resulted 10 in
11 42 12 %
12 % 13 increase
13 increase 14 in
13 increase 17 to
14 in 16 ability
15 the 16 ability
17 to 18 recall
18 recall 19 words
18 recall 20 in
20 in 23 condition
21 the 23 condition
22 delayed 23 condition

conclusion : ps - omega - 3 may have a favorable effect on memory in subjects with subjective memory complaints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 ps
3 ps 5 omega
4 - 5 omega
5 omega 6 -
6 - 7 3
6 - 9 have
7 3 8 may
8 may 9 have
9 have 12 effect
9 have 13 on
9 have 15 in
10 a 11 favorable
10 a 12 effect
11 favorable 12 effect
13 on 14 memory
15 in 16 subjects
16 subjects 17 with
17 with 20 complaints
18 subjective 19 memory
19 memory 20 complaints

ps - omega - 3 may serve as a safe alternative [to] phosphatidylserine extracted [from] bovine cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 - 3 omega
3 omega 5 3
3 omega 7 serve
4 - 5 3
5 3 6 may
6 may 7 serve
7 serve 8 as
8 as 17 cortex
9 a 10 safe
9 a 17 cortex
10 safe 11 alternative
11 alternative 14 extracted
13 phosphatidylserine 14 extracted
14 extracted 17 cortex
16 bovine 17 cortex

dementia has become a common diagnosis in aging populations , and the numbers will increase in the forthcoming years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dementia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 dementia 2 has
2 has 3 become
3 become 6 diagnosis
3 become 7 in
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 diagnosis
5 common 6 diagnosis
7 in 8 aging
8 aging 9 populations
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 numbers
11 and 15 increase
12 the 13 numbers
13 numbers 14 will
14 will 15 increase
15 increase 16 in
16 in 19 years
17 the 19 years
18 forthcoming 19 years

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly , accounting for 50 % - 56 % of cases [at] autopsy and in clinical series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 11 form
8 the 9 most
9 most 11 form
10 common 11 form
11 form 12 of
12 of 13 dementia
13 dementia 29 and
14 in 18 accounting
14 in 29 and
15 the 18 accounting
16 elderly 17 ,
16 elderly 18 accounting
18 accounting 19 for
18 accounting 24 %
18 accounting 28 autopsy
19 for 21 %
20 50 21 %
22 - 23 56
23 56 24 %
24 % 25 of
24 % 28 autopsy
25 of 26 cases
29 and 30 in
30 in 32 series
31 clinical 32 series

nowadays , the number of people affected by ad is rapidly increasing , and more than 35 million people worldwide have ad , a condition characterized by deterioration of memory and other cognitive domains , and leading to death 3 - 9 years after diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 nowadays 2 ,
1 nowadays 4 number
3 the 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 7 affected
4 number 10 is
5 of 6 people
7 affected 8 by
8 by 9 ad
10 is 12 increasing
11 rapidly 12 increasing
13 , 14 and
14 and 19 people
14 and 21 have
15 more 16 than
16 than 18 million
17 35 18 million
18 million 19 people
19 people 21 have
20 worldwide 21 have
21 have 36 and
21 have 38 to
21 have 44 after
22 ad 23 ,
23 , 25 condition
23 , 36 and
24 a 25 condition
25 condition 26 characterized
26 characterized 27 by
27 by 31 and
28 deterioration 29 of
28 deterioration 31 and
29 of 30 memory
31 and 34 domains
31 and 35 ,
32 other 34 domains
33 cognitive 34 domains
36 and 37 leading
38 to 39 death
39 death 40 3
41 - 42 9
42 9 43 years
43 years 44 after
44 after 45 diagnosis

the number of patients with ad , the most common cause of disability in the elderly , is set to rise dramatically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 set
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 18 is
3 of 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
5 with 6 ad
6 ad 11 cause
7 , 11 cause
8 the 11 cause
9 most 10 common
10 common 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
11 cause 17 ,
12 of 13 disability
13 disability 14 in
14 in 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly
18 is 19 set
19 set 20 to
19 set 22 dramatically
20 to 21 rise

therefore , it is important for clinicians to recognize early signs and symptoms of dementia and to note potentially modifiable risk factors and early disease markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 for
5 important 8 to
5 important 16 and
6 for 7 clinicians
8 to 16 and
9 recognize 12 and
9 recognize 16 and
10 early 11 signs
11 signs 12 and
12 and 13 symptoms
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 dementia
16 and 17 to
16 and 18 note
17 to 18 note
18 note 23 and
19 potentially 20 modifiable
20 modifiable 22 factors
21 risk 22 factors
22 factors 23 and
23 and 26 markers
24 early 26 markers
25 disease 26 markers

background : the shift in age structure is having a profound impact , suggesting that the aged should be consulted as reporters on the quality of their own lives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 shift
2 : 8 is
2 : 13 ,
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 shift
4 shift 5 in
4 shift 8 is
5 in 7 structure
6 age 7 structure
8 is 9 having
9 having 12 impact
10 a 11 profound
10 a 12 impact
11 profound 12 impact
13 , 14 suggesting
13 , 20 consulted
14 suggesting 15 that
14 suggesting 20 consulted
15 that 17 aged
15 that 19 be
16 the 17 aged
17 aged 18 should
18 should 19 be
20 consulted 21 as
20 consulted 23 on
21 as 22 reporters
23 on 25 quality
24 the 25 quality
25 quality 26 of
26 of 29 lives
27 their 28 own
27 their 29 lives

objectives : the aim of this research was to establish the possible impact of traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) [techniques] on the quality of life ( qol ) of the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 research
6 this 7 research
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 establish
10 establish 13 impact
10 establish 22 on
11 the 13 impact
12 possible 13 impact
13 impact 14 of
13 impact 19 tcm
14 of 17 medicine
15 traditional 16 chinese
16 chinese 17 medicine
18 ( 19 tcm
19 tcm 20 )
22 on 24 quality
23 the 24 quality
24 quality 25 of
24 quality 30 of
25 of 26 life
26 life 28 qol
27 ( 28 qol
28 qol 29 )
30 of 32 elderly
31 the 32 elderly

sample : two [non] - selected , volunteer groups of rio de janeiro municipality inhabitants : a control group ( 36 individuals ) , not using tcm , and an experimental group ( 28 individuals ) , using tcm at abaco/sohaku - in institute , brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 two
2 : 8 volunteer
2 : 16 :
2 : 47 .
3 two 6 selected
3 two 8 volunteer
5 - 6 selected
6 selected 7 ,
8 volunteer 9 groups
9 groups 10 of
10 of 15 inhabitants
11 rio 12 de
12 de 13 janeiro
13 janeiro 15 inhabitants
14 municipality 15 inhabitants
16 : 19 group
16 : 45 ,
17 a 18 control
17 a 19 group
18 control 19 group
19 group 22 individuals
19 group 26 using
20 ( 22 individuals
21 36 22 individuals
22 individuals 23 )
24 , 25 not
24 , 26 using
26 using 29 and
26 using 38 using
26 using 45 ,
27 tcm 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 group
29 and 35 individuals
30 an 31 experimental
30 an 32 group
31 experimental 32 group
33 ( 35 individuals
34 28 35 individuals
35 individuals 36 )
37 , 38 using
38 using 39 tcm
38 using 40 at
38 using 43 in
38 using 45 ,
40 at 41 abaco/sohaku
42 - 43 in
43 in 44 institute
43 in 45 ,
45 , 46 brazil

the shapiro [-] wilk test checked the normality of the distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 checked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 5 test
2 shapiro 4 wilk
4 wilk 5 test
5 test 6 checked
6 checked 8 normality
7 the 8 normality
8 normality 9 of
9 of 11 distribution
10 the 11 distribution

furthermore , [based] on its normality distribution for the intergroup comparison [,] the student [t] test was applied to facets 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , [and] total [score] , and the mann - whitney [u] rank test to facets 1 and 3 , both tests aiming to analyze the [p] value between experimental and control groups . 
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 11 comparison
4 on 7 distribution
4 on 11 comparison
5 its 7 distribution
6 normality 7 distribution
7 distribution 8 for
8 for 10 intergroup
9 the 10 intergroup
11 comparison 16 test
11 comparison 17 was
11 comparison 18 applied
13 the 16 test
14 student 16 test
16 test 17 was
18 applied 19 to
18 applied 25 5
19 to 20 facets
20 facets 21 2
20 facets 23 4
22 , 23 4
23 4 24 ,
25 5 27 6
25 5 36 -
26 , 27 6
27 6 28 ,
28 , 36 -
30 total 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 mann
33 and 36 -
34 the 35 mann
36 - 40 test
37 whitney 40 test
39 rank 40 test
40 test 41 to
40 test 48 tests
41 to 42 facets
42 facets 44 and
43 1 44 and
44 and 45 3
46 , 48 tests
47 both 48 tests
48 tests 49 aiming
48 tests 55 between
48 tests 60 .
49 aiming 50 to
49 aiming 51 analyze
50 to 51 analyze
51 analyze 54 value
52 the 54 value
55 between 57 and
56 experimental 57 and
57 and 59 groups
58 control 59 groups

the significance level utilized was 95 % ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 level
2 significance 3 level
3 level 4 utilized
3 level 5 was
5 was 7 %
6 95 7 %
7 % 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.05
10 < 12 )

results : the experimental group reported the highest qol for every facet and the total score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 reported
3 the 5 group
4 experimental 5 group
5 group 6 reported
6 reported 8 highest
7 the 8 highest
8 highest 13 and
8 highest 16 score
9 qol 10 for
9 qol 13 and
10 for 12 facet
11 every 12 facet
13 and 15 total
13 and 16 score
14 the 15 total

conclusions : the results suggest that tcm raises the level of qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 13 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 7 tcm
6 that 8 raises
7 tcm 8 raises
8 raises 10 level
9 the 10 level
10 level 11 of
11 of 12 qol

dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) and parkinson 's disease ( pd ) are neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alpha - synuclein ( alpha - syn ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 dementia 2 with
1 dementia 8 and
2 with 4 bodies
3 lewy 4 bodies
4 bodies 6 dlb
5 ( 6 dlb
6 dlb 7 )
8 and 11 disease
8 and 13 pd
8 and 15 are
9 parkinson 10 's
10 's 11 disease
12 ( 13 pd
13 pd 14 )
15 are 17 disorders
15 are 23 by
16 neurodegenerative 17 disorders
17 disorders 18 of
18 of 21 population
19 the 21 population
20 aging 21 population
21 population 22 characterized
23 by 26 accumulation
24 the 26 accumulation
25 abnormal 26 accumulation
26 accumulation 27 of
27 of 28 alpha
28 alpha 30 synuclein
28 alpha 34 syn
29 - 30 synuclein
30 synuclein 32 alpha
30 synuclein 33 -
31 ( 32 alpha
32 alpha 33 -
33 - 34 syn
34 syn 35 )

previous studies have suggested that excitotoxicity may contribute to neurodegeneration in these disorders , however the underlying mechanisms and their relationship to alpha - syn remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 6 excitotoxicity
5 that 8 contribute
6 excitotoxicity 7 may
7 may 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
8 contribute 11 in
9 to 10 neurodegeneration
11 in 13 disorders
12 these 13 disorders
14 , 26 remain
15 however 19 and
15 however 25 syn
15 however 26 remain
16 the 18 mechanisms
17 underlying 18 mechanisms
18 mechanisms 19 and
19 and 21 relationship
19 and 24 -
19 and 25 syn
20 their 21 relationship
21 relationship 22 to
22 to 23 alpha
26 remain 27 unclear

for this study we proposed that accumulation of alpha - syn might result in alterations in metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mglur ) , particularly mglur5 which has been linked to deficits in murine models of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 for 3 study
1 for 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 proposed
5 proposed 7 accumulation
6 that 7 accumulation
7 accumulation 8 of
8 of 9 alpha
10 - 11 syn
10 - 13 result
11 syn 12 might
12 might 13 result
13 result 14 in
13 result 16 in
14 in 15 alterations
16 in 19 receptors
17 metabotropic 19 receptors
18 glutamate 19 receptors
19 receptors 21 mglur
19 receptors 25 mglur5
20 ( 21 mglur
21 mglur 22 )
23 , 24 particularly
23 , 25 mglur5
25 mglur5 26 which
25 mglur5 27 has
25 mglur5 37 .
26 which 27 has
27 has 28 been
28 been 29 linked
29 linked 30 to
29 linked 32 in
30 to 31 deficits
32 in 34 models
33 murine 34 models
34 models 35 of
35 of 36 pd

in this context , levels of mglur5 were analyzed in the brains of pd and dlb human cases and alpha - syn transgenic ( tg ) mice and compared to age - matched , unimpaired controls , we report a 40 % increase in the levels of mglur5 and beta - arrestin immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex , hippocampus and putamen in dlb cases and in the putamen in pd cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 in 3 context
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 levels
2 this 3 context
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 8 were
6 of 7 mglur5
8 were 9 analyzed
9 analyzed 10 in
10 in 12 brains
11 the 12 brains
12 brains 13 of
13 of 19 and
14 pd 15 and
15 and 18 cases
15 and 19 and
16 dlb 17 human
17 human 18 cases
19 and 20 alpha
19 and 21 -
21 - 27 mice
21 - 28 and
22 syn 27 mice
23 transgenic 25 tg
23 transgenic 26 )
23 transgenic 27 mice
24 ( 25 tg
25 tg 26 )
28 and 38 we
28 and 39 report
29 compared 30 to
29 compared 37 ,
29 compared 38 we
30 to 31 age
31 age 33 matched
31 age 36 controls
32 - 33 matched
33 matched 34 ,
34 , 36 controls
35 unimpaired 36 controls
36 controls 37 ,
38 we 39 report
39 report 43 increase
40 a 43 increase
41 40 42 %
42 % 43 increase
43 increase 44 in
43 increase 47 of
43 increase 53 immunoreactivity
44 in 46 levels
45 the 46 levels
47 of 49 and
48 mglur5 49 and
49 and 50 beta
51 - 53 immunoreactivity
52 arrestin 53 immunoreactivity
53 immunoreactivity 54 in
53 immunoreactivity 60 and
53 immunoreactivity 72 .
54 in 57 cortex
55 the 57 cortex
56 frontal 57 cortex
58 , 60 and
59 hippocampus 60 and
60 and 61 putamen
60 and 72 .
61 putamen 65 and
62 in 64 cases
62 in 65 and
63 dlb 64 cases
65 and 66 in
66 in 68 putamen
67 the 68 putamen
68 putamen 69 in
69 in 71 cases
70 pd 71 cases

in the hippocampus , mglur5 was more abundant in the ca3 region and co - localized with alpha - syn aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mglur5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 hippocampus
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 mglur5
2 the 3 hippocampus
5 mglur5 6 was
6 was 21 aggregates
7 more 21 aggregates
8 abundant 9 in
8 abundant 13 and
9 in 12 region
10 the 12 region
11 ca3 12 region
13 and 14 co
13 and 21 aggregates
14 co 16 localized
15 - 16 localized
16 localized 17 with
16 localized 19 -
17 with 18 alpha
20 syn 21 aggregates

similarly , in the hippocampus and basal ganglia of alpha - syn tg mice , levels of mglur5 were increased [and] mglur5 and alpha - syn were co - localized and co - immunoprecipitated , suggesting that alpha [-] syn interferes with mglur5 trafficking . 
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 8 ganglia
3 in 6 and
3 in 8 ganglia
4 the 5 hippocampus
5 hippocampus 6 and
6 and 7 basal
8 ganglia 9 of
8 ganglia 16 levels
8 ganglia 19 were
8 ganglia 20 increased
9 of 10 alpha
10 alpha 14 mice
11 - 14 mice
12 syn 14 mice
13 tg 14 mice
14 mice 15 ,
16 levels 17 of
16 levels 19 were
17 of 18 mglur5
20 increased 23 and
20 increased 31 and
22 mglur5 23 and
23 and 24 alpha
23 and 25 -
23 and 26 syn
23 and 27 were
26 syn 27 were
28 co 30 localized
28 co 31 and
29 - 30 localized
31 and 32 co
32 co 34 immunoprecipitated
32 co 36 suggesting
33 - 34 immunoprecipitated
34 immunoprecipitated 35 ,
35 , 36 suggesting
36 suggesting 40 syn
36 suggesting 41 interferes
36 suggesting 45 .
37 that 40 syn
38 alpha 40 syn
40 syn 41 interferes
41 interferes 42 with
42 with 44 trafficking
43 mglur5 44 trafficking

the increased levels of mglur5 were accompanied by a concomitant increase in the activation of downstream signaling components including erk , elk [-] 1 and creb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 levels
2 increased 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 6 were
4 of 5 mglur5
6 were 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
7 accompanied 12 in
8 by 11 increase
9 a 11 increase
10 concomitant 11 increase
12 in 25 and
13 the 14 activation
14 activation 15 of
14 activation 17 signaling
14 activation 21 ,
15 of 16 downstream
17 signaling 18 components
18 components 19 including
19 including 20 erk
21 , 22 elk
21 , 25 and
22 elk 24 1
25 and 26 creb

consistent with the increased accumulation of alpha - syn and alterations in mglur5 in cognitive - and motor - associated brain regions , these mice displayed impaired performance in the water maze and pole test , these behavioral alterations were reversed with the mglur5 antagonist , mpep . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 8 -
1 consistent 10 and
2 with 5 accumulation
3 the 5 accumulation
4 increased 5 accumulation
5 accumulation 6 of
6 of 7 alpha
9 syn 10 and
10 and 11 alterations
10 and 12 in
10 and 27 impaired
12 in 13 mglur5
13 mglur5 14 in
13 mglur5 25 mice
13 mglur5 26 displayed
14 in 17 and
15 cognitive 17 and
16 - 17 and
17 and 18 motor
17 and 22 regions
19 - 22 regions
20 associated 22 regions
21 brain 22 regions
22 regions 23 ,
24 these 25 mice
25 mice 26 displayed
27 impaired 28 performance
27 impaired 29 in
29 in 33 and
30 the 32 maze
31 water 32 maze
32 maze 33 and
33 and 35 test
34 pole 35 test
36 , 39 alterations
36 , 41 reversed
36 , 46 ,
37 these 39 alterations
38 behavioral 39 alterations
39 alterations 40 were
40 were 41 reversed
41 reversed 42 with
42 with 45 antagonist
43 the 45 antagonist
44 mglur5 45 antagonist
46 , 47 mpep

[taken] together the results from study suggest that mglur5 may directly interact with alpha - syn resulting in its [over] activation and that this [over] activation may contribute to excitotoxic cell death in select neuronal regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 together 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 from
4 results 7 suggest
5 from 6 study
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 9 mglur5
8 that 12 interact
9 mglur5 10 may
10 may 12 interact
11 directly 12 interact
12 interact 13 with
13 with 14 alpha
15 - 22 and
16 syn 17 resulting
16 syn 22 and
17 resulting 18 in
18 in 21 activation
19 its 21 activation
22 and 23 that
22 and 26 activation
22 and 28 contribute
24 this 26 activation
26 activation 27 may
27 may 28 contribute
28 contribute 29 to
28 contribute 33 in
29 to 32 death
30 excitotoxic 31 cell
31 cell 32 death
33 in 36 regions
34 select 36 regions
35 neuronal 36 regions

these results highlight the therapeutic importance of mglur5 antagonists in alpha - synucleinopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 highlight
3 highlight 6 importance
3 highlight 10 in
4 the 6 importance
5 therapeutic 6 importance
6 importance 7 of
7 of 9 antagonists
8 mglur5 9 antagonists
10 in 11 alpha
12 - 13 synucleinopathies

the family of protein deacetylases represented by yeast sir2 has been the focus of intense investigation because of the longevity activity of sir2 in yeast , worms and flies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 family
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 family
2 family 3 of
2 family 10 has
3 of 5 deacetylases
4 protein 5 deacetylases
5 deacetylases 6 represented
6 represented 7 by
7 by 9 sir2
8 yeast 9 sir2
10 has 11 been
11 been 13 focus
11 been 17 because
11 been 24 in
12 the 13 focus
13 focus 14 of
14 of 16 investigation
15 intense 16 investigation
17 because 18 of
18 of 21 activity
19 the 21 activity
20 longevity 21 activity
21 activity 22 of
22 of 23 sir2
24 in 28 and
25 yeast 26 ,
26 , 27 worms
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 flies

research in mammals has mainly focused on sirt1 , the closest homologue of sir2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focused
1 research 2 in
1 research 4 has
2 in 3 mammals
4 has 6 focused
5 mainly 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
7 on 8 sirt1
8 sirt1 12 homologue
9 , 12 homologue
10 the 11 closest
10 the 12 homologue
12 homologue 13 of
12 homologue 15 .
13 of 14 sir2

emerging evidence from mouse models is yielding a sharper picture , in which sirt1 is a potent protector from ageing - associated pathologies , such as diabetes , liver steatosis , cardiovascular disease , neurodegeneration and , importantly , various types of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 emerging 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 from
2 evidence 6 is
3 from 5 models
4 mouse 5 models
6 is 7 yielding
7 yielding 10 picture
7 yielding 26 as
8 a 10 picture
9 sharper 10 picture
10 picture 12 in
11 , 12 in
12 in 13 which
12 in 14 sirt1
12 in 15 is
12 in 24 ,
14 sirt1 15 is
15 is 18 protector
16 a 17 potent
16 a 18 protector
17 potent 18 protector
18 protector 19 from
18 protector 23 pathologies
19 from 20 ageing
21 - 23 pathologies
22 associated 23 pathologies
23 pathologies 24 ,
25 such 26 as
26 as 36 and
27 diabetes 28 ,
28 , 30 steatosis
28 , 31 ,
29 liver 30 steatosis
31 , 33 disease
31 , 34 ,
32 cardiovascular 33 disease
34 , 35 neurodegeneration
34 , 36 and
36 and 43 cancer
37 , 38 importantly
38 importantly 39 ,
38 importantly 40 various
40 various 41 types
41 types 42 of
41 types 43 cancer
42 of 43 cancer

to identify loci for age at menarche , we performed a meta - analysis [of] 32 genome - wide association studies in 87,802 women of european descent , with [replication] [in] up to 14,731 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 to 2 identify
1 to 8 ,
1 to 9 we
2 identify 3 loci
2 identify 4 for
2 identify 6 at
4 for 5 age
6 at 7 menarche
9 we 10 performed
10 performed 17 genome
10 performed 29 with
11 a 17 genome
12 meta 13 -
12 meta 14 analysis
14 analysis 17 genome
16 32 17 genome
17 genome 21 studies
18 - 21 studies
19 wide 20 association
20 association 21 studies
21 studies 22 in
21 studies 28 ,
22 in 24 women
23 87,802 24 women
24 women 25 of
25 of 27 descent
26 european 27 descent
29 with 35 women
32 up 33 to
33 to 34 14,731
34 14,731 35 women

the new loci included four previously associated with body mass index [(] in or near fto , sec16b , tra2b and tmem18 ) , three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis ( bsx , crtc1 and mchr2 ) [and] three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation ( inhba , pcsk2 and rxrg ) . 
1 the 3 loci
2 new 3 loci
3 loci 4 included
4 included 5 four
5 four 7 associated
6 previously 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 14 or
8 with 11 index
9 body 10 mass
10 mass 11 index
13 in 14 or
14 or 15 near
14 or 24 ,
14 or 25 three
16 fto 21 and
17 , 21 and
18 sec16b 19 ,
19 , 20 tra2b
19 , 21 and
21 and 22 tmem18
21 and 23 )
21 and 24 ,
25 three 27 or
26 in 27 or
27 or 28 near
27 or 37 ,
27 or 39 and
29 other 30 genes
30 genes 31 implicated
30 genes 32 in
32 in 34 homeostasis
33 energy 34 homeostasis
34 homeostasis 36 bsx
35 ( 36 bsx
36 bsx 37 ,
38 crtc1 39 and
39 and 40 mchr2
39 and 41 )
39 and 43 three
39 and 48 implicated
43 three 45 or
43 three 48 implicated
44 in 45 or
45 or 46 near
45 or 47 genes
48 implicated 49 in
49 in 51 regulation
50 hormonal 51 regulation
51 regulation 53 inhba
52 ( 53 inhba
53 inhba 57 rxrg
53 inhba 59 .
54 , 57 rxrg
55 pcsk2 56 and
56 and 57 rxrg
57 rxrg 58 )

ingenuity and gene - set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme a and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 ingenuity 2 and
2 and 3 gene
2 and 4 -
2 and 8 analyses
2 and 9 identified
2 and 12 and
5 set 6 enrichment
6 enrichment 8 analyses
7 pathway 8 analyses
8 analyses 9 identified
9 identified 10 coenzyme
10 coenzyme 11 a
12 and 15 biosynthesis
13 fatty 14 acid
14 acid 15 biosynthesis
16 as 17 biological
17 biological 18 processes
18 processes 19 related
19 related 20 to
20 to 22 timing
21 menarche 22 timing

in many countries at risk for colorectal cancer ( crc ) , screening guidelines provide average - risk screening for patients aged between the ages of 50 and 75 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 countries
1 in 12 ,
1 in 14 guidelines
2 many 3 countries
3 countries 4 at
3 countries 6 for
4 at 5 risk
6 for 8 cancer
7 colorectal 8 cancer
8 cancer 10 crc
9 ( 10 crc
10 crc 11 )
13 screening 14 guidelines
14 guidelines 15 provide
15 provide 18 risk
16 average 17 -
16 average 18 risk
18 risk 19 screening
19 screening 20 for
19 screening 30 years
20 for 21 patients
21 patients 22 aged
21 patients 23 between
23 between 25 ages
24 the 25 ages
25 ages 26 of
26 of 28 and
27 50 28 and
28 and 29 75

however , an earlier onset of crc , an increasing life span and an incidence of right - sided crc have [been] noted , which could require changes in age guidelines and screening methodology , especially for the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 onset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 sided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 onset
3 an 5 onset
4 earlier 5 onset
5 onset 6 of
5 onset 19 sided
6 of 7 crc
7 crc 13 and
8 , 13 and
9 an 12 span
10 increasing 12 span
11 life 12 span
12 span 13 and
13 and 15 incidence
13 and 16 of
13 and 18 -
14 an 15 incidence
16 of 17 right
20 crc 21 have
21 have 23 noted
24 , 25 which
24 , 27 require
25 which 26 could
26 could 27 require
27 require 28 changes
27 require 29 in
27 require 36 especially
29 in 32 and
30 age 31 guidelines
31 guidelines 32 and
32 and 34 methodology
32 and 35 ,
33 screening 34 methodology
36 especially 37 for
37 for 39 elderly
38 the 39 elderly

we examined this in our jewish populations using israel cancer registry data , 1980 - 2008 , computed by age groups , sex , ethnic groups , cancer site , and cancer stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 computed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 this
2 examined 4 in
2 examined 8 using
4 in 7 populations
5 our 7 populations
6 jewish 7 populations
8 using 11 registry
9 israel 10 cancer
10 cancer 11 registry
11 registry 12 data
11 registry 18 computed
12 data 15 -
12 data 18 computed
13 , 15 -
14 1980 15 -
15 - 16 2008
15 - 17 ,
18 computed 19 by
19 by 31 and
20 age 21 groups
21 groups 22 ,
22 , 23 sex
22 , 24 ,
24 , 26 groups
24 , 27 ,
25 ethnic 26 groups
27 , 29 site
27 , 31 and
28 cancer 29 site
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 stage
32 cancer 33 stage

in patients who were below 50 years of age , there was no significant increase [in] incidence except for men born in israel ( p=0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 patients
1 in 10 ,
1 in 11 there
2 patients 3 who
2 patients 4 were
3 who 4 were
4 were 5 below
5 below 7 years
6 50 7 years
7 years 8 of
8 of 9 age
11 there 12 was
12 was 17 incidence
13 no 17 incidence
14 significant 15 increase
15 increase 17 incidence
17 incidence 18 except
17 incidence 21 born
18 except 19 for
19 for 20 men
21 born 22 in
22 in 23 israel
23 israel 25 p=0.05
24 ( 25 p=0.05
25 p=0.05 26 )

in patients aged between 50 and 74 or more than 75 years there was an increased incidence ( p<0.001 for both ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 8 or
1 in 13 there
2 patients 3 aged
2 patients 8 or
3 aged 4 between
4 between 6 and
5 50 6 and
6 and 7 74
8 or 12 years
9 more 10 than
10 than 11 75
11 75 12 years
13 there 14 was
14 was 17 incidence
15 an 17 incidence
16 increased 17 incidence
17 incidence 19 p<0.001
18 ( 19 p<0.001
19 p<0.001 20 for
19 p<0.001 22 )
20 for 21 both

however , the percentage for crc patients aged between 50 and 74 years decreased but those who were aged more than 75 years increased ( p<0.001 for both ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 percentage
3 the 4 percentage
4 percentage 5 for
4 percentage 7 patients
4 percentage 8 aged
4 percentage 14 decreased
5 for 6 crc
7 patients 8 aged
8 aged 9 between
9 between 13 years
10 50 11 and
11 and 12 74
11 and 13 years
14 decreased 15 but
15 but 16 those
16 those 17 who
16 those 18 were
16 those 26 p<0.001
17 who 18 were
18 were 19 aged
19 aged 24 increased
20 more 21 than
21 than 22 75
22 75 23 years
23 years 24 increased
25 ( 26 p<0.001
26 p<0.001 27 for
26 p<0.001 29 )
27 for 28 both

therefore , 45.3 % of patients ( 39.1 % aged ≥ 75 years ) would not be electively screened . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 %
3 45.3 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 15 would
5 of 6 patients
6 patients 13 years
7 ( 13 years
8 39.1 9 %
9 % 13 years
10 aged 11 ≥
11 ≥ 13 years
12 75 13 years
13 years 14 )
15 would 16 not
15 would 17 be
17 be 19 screened
18 electively 19 screened

in addition , there was an increased trend ( p<0.001 ) for right [-] sided ( from cecum to [and] including the splenic flexure ) crc in patients [both] 50 - 74 and more than 75 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 sided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 addition
3 , 4 there
3 , 5 was
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 trend
5 was 12 for
6 an 8 trend
7 increased 8 trend
8 trend 10 p<0.001
9 ( 10 p<0.001
10 p<0.001 11 )
12 for 13 right
13 right 15 sided
15 sided 17 from
15 sided 33 and
15 sided 35 than
16 ( 17 from
17 from 18 cecum
17 from 25 )
18 cecum 19 to
19 to 21 including
21 including 24 flexure
22 the 24 flexure
23 splenic 24 flexure
26 crc 27 in
26 crc 33 and
27 in 28 patients
28 patients 31 -
30 50 31 -
31 - 32 74
33 and 34 more
35 than 36 75
36 75 38 old
37 years 38 old

during 1999 - 2008 , as compared with patients aged between 50 and 74 years , those below 50 years were less likely to be diagnosed with stage 1 or 2 crc and more likely have stage 3 or 4 crc ( p<0.01 for all ) , whereas those aged more than 75 years were less likely to have stage 3 crc ( p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 66 .
1 during 2 1999
1 during 17 those
2 1999 4 2008
2 1999 7 compared
3 - 4 2008
4 2008 5 ,
5 , 7 compared
6 as 7 compared
8 with 9 patients
8 with 10 aged
8 with 16 ,
8 with 17 those
10 aged 11 between
11 between 15 years
12 50 13 and
13 and 14 74
13 and 15 years
17 those 18 below
17 those 21 were
18 below 20 years
19 50 20 years
21 were 23 likely
22 less 23 likely
23 likely 24 to
24 to 25 be
25 be 26 diagnosed
26 diagnosed 27 with
27 with 28 stage
28 stage 29 1
30 or 33 and
30 or 36 have
31 2 32 crc
32 crc 33 and
33 and 35 likely
33 and 36 have
34 more 35 likely
36 have 41 crc
36 have 48 whereas
37 stage 39 or
37 stage 41 crc
38 3 39 or
39 or 40 4
41 crc 43 p<0.01
42 ( 43 p<0.01
43 p<0.01 44 for
43 p<0.01 46 )
44 for 45 all
47 , 48 whereas
48 whereas 49 those
49 those 50 aged
50 aged 51 more
50 aged 52 than
52 than 54 years
52 than 55 were
52 than 57 likely
53 75 54 years
54 years 55 were
56 less 57 likely
57 likely 58 to
58 to 59 have
59 have 62 crc
60 stage 62 crc
61 3 62 crc
62 crc 64 p<0.01
63 ( 64 p<0.01
64 p<0.01 65 )

these results should influence crc screening age guidelines , especially for ['] healthy ['] individuals aged 75 years or more , and their need for noninvasive , but sensitive and specific pre - colonoscopy screening methodologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 should
3 should 4 influence
4 influence 22 and
4 influence 25 for
5 crc 6 screening
5 crc 22 and
6 screening 8 guidelines
7 age 8 guidelines
8 guidelines 11 for
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 for
11 for 15 individuals
11 for 21 ,
13 healthy 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 aged
16 aged 19 or
17 75 18 years
18 years 19 or
19 or 20 more
22 and 24 need
23 their 24 need
25 for 36 methodologies
26 noninvasive 28 but
27 , 28 but
28 but 30 and
28 but 34 colonoscopy
29 sensitive 30 and
30 and 31 specific
32 pre 33 -
32 pre 34 colonoscopy
34 colonoscopy 36 methodologies
35 screening 36 methodologies

in addition , the more advanced cancer stage in the patients aged below 50 years needs to make the treating physicians more aware of the fact that crc can occur even at this age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 stage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 stage
4 the 8 stage
5 more 6 advanced
6 advanced 8 stage
7 cancer 8 stage
8 stage 9 in
8 stage 16 needs
9 in 11 patients
10 the 11 patients
11 patients 12 aged
12 aged 13 below
13 below 15 years
14 50 15 years
16 needs 17 to
16 needs 18 make
17 to 18 make
18 make 21 physicians
18 make 31 even
19 the 21 physicians
20 treating 21 physicians
21 physicians 23 aware
22 more 23 aware
23 aware 24 of
24 of 26 fact
25 the 26 fact
26 fact 27 that
27 that 28 crc
27 that 30 occur
28 crc 29 can
29 can 30 occur
31 even 32 at
32 at 34 age
33 this 34 age

purpose of review : there has been growing evidence that lifestyle factors may affect the health and lifespan of an individual by affecting telomere length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 of
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
2 of 4 :
2 of 6 has
3 review 4 :
4 : 5 there
6 has 7 been
7 been 9 evidence
8 growing 9 evidence
9 evidence 10 that
9 evidence 14 affect
10 that 12 factors
10 that 14 affect
11 lifestyle 12 factors
12 factors 13 may
13 may 14 affect
14 affect 17 and
14 affect 22 by
15 the 16 health
16 health 17 and
17 and 18 lifespan
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 individual
20 an 21 individual
22 by 23 affecting
23 affecting 25 length
24 telomere 25 length

the purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of telomeres in human health and aging and to summarize possible lifestyle factors that may affect health and longevity by altering the rate of telomere shortening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 was 7 to
6 was 18 and
7 to 18 and
8 highlight 10 importance
8 highlight 13 in
8 highlight 18 and
9 the 10 importance
10 importance 11 of
11 of 12 telomeres
13 in 16 and
14 human 15 health
15 health 16 and
16 and 17 aging
18 and 20 summarize
19 to 20 summarize
20 summarize 23 factors
21 possible 23 factors
22 lifestyle 23 factors
23 factors 24 that
23 factors 26 affect
24 that 25 may
25 may 26 affect
26 affect 28 and
26 affect 30 by
27 health 28 and
28 and 29 longevity
30 by 31 altering
31 altering 33 rate
32 the 33 rate
33 rate 34 of
33 rate 36 shortening
34 of 35 telomere

recent findings : recent studies indicate that telomere length , which can be affected by various lifestyle factors , can affect the pace of aging and onset of age - associated diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 5 studies
3 : 6 indicate
4 recent 5 studies
5 studies 6 indicate
6 indicate 9 length
6 indicate 21 affect
7 that 9 length
8 telomere 9 length
9 length 11 which
9 length 20 can
10 , 11 which
11 which 12 can
11 which 19 ,
12 can 13 be
13 be 14 affected
14 affected 15 by
15 by 18 factors
16 various 18 factors
17 lifestyle 18 factors
20 can 21 affect
21 affect 26 and
22 the 23 pace
23 pace 24 of
23 pace 26 and
24 of 25 aging
26 and 27 onset
26 and 28 of
28 of 29 age
29 age 32 diseases
30 - 32 diseases
31 associated 32 diseases
32 diseases 33 .

summary : telomere length shortens with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 3 telomere
3 telomere 4 length
3 telomere 5 shortens
4 length 5 shortens
5 shortens 6 with
6 with 7 age

progressive shortening of telomeres leads to senescence , apoptosis , or oncogenic transformation of somatic cells , affecting the health and lifespan of an individual . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shortening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 progressive 2 shortening
2 shortening 3 of
2 shortening 5 leads
3 of 4 telomeres
5 leads 6 to
6 to 7 senescence
8 , 21 and
9 apoptosis 11 or
10 , 11 or
11 or 13 transformation
11 or 17 ,
11 or 18 affecting
11 or 21 and
12 oncogenic 13 transformation
13 transformation 14 of
14 of 16 cells
15 somatic 16 cells
18 affecting 20 health
19 the 20 health
21 and 22 lifespan
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 individual
24 an 25 individual

shorter telomeres have been associated with increased incidence [of] diseases and poor survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 shorter 2 telomeres
2 telomeres 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 11 and
7 increased 8 incidence
8 incidence 10 diseases
10 diseases 11 and
11 and 13 survival
12 poor 13 survival

the rate of telomere shortening can be either increased or decreased by specific lifestyle factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 6 can
3 of 4 telomere
4 telomere 5 shortening
6 can 7 be
7 be 10 or
8 either 9 increased
9 increased 10 or
10 or 11 decreased
10 or 12 by
10 or 15 factors
12 by 14 lifestyle
13 specific 14 lifestyle

better choice of diet [and] activities has great potential to reduce the rate of telomere shortening or at least [prevent] excessive telomere attrition , leading to delayed onset [of] age - associated diseases and increased lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 choice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 better 2 choice
2 choice 3 of
2 choice 7 has
3 of 6 activities
4 diet 6 activities
7 has 9 potential
8 great 9 potential
9 potential 10 to
9 potential 11 reduce
9 potential 25 leading
10 to 11 reduce
11 reduce 17 or
12 the 13 rate
13 rate 14 of
13 rate 17 or
14 of 16 shortening
15 telomere 16 shortening
17 or 19 least
17 or 23 attrition
17 or 24 ,
18 at 19 least
21 excessive 23 attrition
22 telomere 23 attrition
24 , 25 leading
25 leading 26 to
25 leading 31 -
26 to 30 age
27 delayed 28 onset
28 onset 30 age
31 - 34 and
31 - 37 .
32 associated 33 diseases
32 associated 34 and
34 and 35 increased
35 increased 36 lifespan

this review highlights the role of telomeres in aging and describes the lifestyle factors which may affect telomeres , human health , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 10 and
2 review 23 and
3 highlights 5 role
3 highlights 8 in
3 highlights 10 and
4 the 5 role
5 role 6 of
6 of 7 telomeres
8 in 9 aging
10 and 11 describes
10 and 14 factors
12 the 14 factors
13 lifestyle 14 factors
14 factors 15 which
14 factors 16 may
14 factors 21 health
15 which 16 may
16 may 17 affect
17 affect 18 telomeres
19 , 21 health
20 human 21 health
21 health 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 aging

purpose of review : sinus node disease ( snd ) is a common clinical condition and is the most common indication for permanent pacemaker implantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 7 disease
4 : 16 and
4 : 26 .
5 sinus 7 disease
6 node 7 disease
7 disease 9 snd
7 disease 16 and
8 ( 9 snd
9 snd 10 )
11 is 15 condition
11 is 16 and
12 a 13 common
12 a 15 condition
13 common 15 condition
14 clinical 15 condition
16 and 17 is
16 and 22 for
17 is 21 indication
18 the 21 indication
19 most 20 common
20 common 21 indication
22 for 25 implantation
23 permanent 24 pacemaker
24 pacemaker 25 implantation

this review aims to revisit the complex sinus node anatomy , the evolving understanding of its pacemaking mechanisms , the atrial myopathy in snd and sinus node remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 revisit
4 to 5 revisit
5 revisit 10 anatomy
6 the 10 anatomy
7 complex 8 sinus
8 sinus 10 anatomy
9 node 10 anatomy
10 anatomy 14 understanding
11 , 14 understanding
12 the 14 understanding
13 evolving 14 understanding
14 understanding 15 of
14 understanding 19 ,
15 of 18 mechanisms
16 its 18 mechanisms
17 pacemaking 18 mechanisms
19 , 25 and
20 the 22 myopathy
21 atrial 22 myopathy
22 myopathy 23 in
22 myopathy 25 and
23 in 24 snd
25 and 28 remodeling
26 sinus 27 node
27 node 28 remodeling

recent findings : recent high - density noncontact mapping of the human sinus node showed multiple origins of sinus activation and exit sites with preferential pathways of conduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 :
3 : 4 recent
4 recent 5 high
6 - 9 mapping
6 - 15 showed
6 - 29 .
7 density 9 mapping
8 noncontact 9 mapping
9 mapping 10 of
9 mapping 15 showed
10 of 14 node
11 the 14 node
12 human 14 node
13 sinus 14 node
15 showed 17 origins
15 showed 24 with
16 multiple 17 origins
17 origins 18 of
18 of 21 and
19 sinus 20 activation
20 activation 21 and
21 and 23 sites
22 exit 23 sites
24 with 26 pathways
25 preferential 26 pathways
26 pathways 27 of
27 of 28 conduction

perhaps , a newly described discrete paranodal area containing a molecular mixture of nodal and atrial cells may account for this long recognized discrepancy between the anatomical and functional sinus node . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 perhaps 2 ,
1 perhaps 8 area
3 a 8 area
4 newly 5 described
5 described 8 area
6 discrete 8 area
7 paranodal 8 area
8 area 9 containing
8 area 18 may
9 containing 12 mixture
10 a 12 mixture
11 molecular 12 mixture
12 mixture 13 of
13 of 17 cells
14 nodal 15 and
15 and 16 atrial
15 and 17 cells
18 may 19 account
19 account 20 for
19 account 25 between
20 for 24 discrepancy
21 this 22 long
22 long 24 discrepancy
23 recognized 24 discrepancy
25 between 31 node
26 the 31 node
27 anatomical 28 and
28 and 29 functional
28 and 30 sinus
30 sinus 31 node

the funny current [(] [i] [(] [f] [ )( (driven ['] membrane clock ['] is not solely responsible for sinus node automaticity , following recent recognition of the importance of the ['] calcium clock ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 clock
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
1 the 13 clock
2 funny 12 membrane
3 current 9 )(
3 current 12 membrane
10 (driven 12 membrane
12 membrane 13 clock
13 clock 15 is
15 is 16 not
15 is 17 solely
15 is 18 responsible
18 responsible 19 for
18 responsible 24 following
19 for 22 automaticity
20 sinus 22 automaticity
21 node 22 automaticity
23 , 24 following
24 following 26 recognition
24 following 36 .
25 recent 26 recognition
26 recognition 27 of
27 of 29 importance
28 the 29 importance
29 importance 30 of
30 of 34 clock
31 the 34 clock
33 calcium 34 clock

several molecular links to sinus node remodeling have recently been identified : loss of connexin - 43 expression and down - regulation [of] i ( ca,l [ )(in aging ; reduced i ( [f] [ )(and down - regulation [of] i ( [f] [ )(encoding hcn4 and hcn2 subunits in heart failure [;] and calcium clock malfunction with down - regulated hcn4 , hcn2 and [mink] [in] atrial fibrillation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 links
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 several 3 links
2 molecular 3 links
3 links 4 to
3 links 8 have
4 to 7 remodeling
5 sinus 7 remodeling
6 node 7 remodeling
8 have 10 been
9 recently 10 been
10 been 11 identified
12 : 13 loss
12 : 21 -
13 loss 14 of
13 loss 19 and
14 of 15 connexin
16 - 19 and
17 43 18 expression
18 expression 19 and
19 and 20 down
19 and 21 -
21 - 22 regulation
21 - 30 ;
22 regulation 24 i
22 regulation 26 ca,l
25 ( 26 ca,l
26 ca,l 28 )(in
26 ca,l 30 ;
28 )(in 29 aging
30 ; 39 regulation
31 reduced 39 regulation
32 i 36 )(and
33 ( 36 )(and
36 )(and 37 down
36 )(and 38 -
36 )(and 39 regulation
39 regulation 41 i
39 regulation 45 )(encoding
39 regulation 49 subunits
42 ( 45 )(encoding
45 )(encoding 48 hcn2
46 hcn4 47 and
47 and 48 hcn2
49 subunits 50 in
49 subunits 54 and
49 subunits 58 with
50 in 51 heart
52 failure 54 and
54 and 57 malfunction
55 calcium 56 clock
56 clock 57 malfunction
58 with 65 and
59 down 60 -
59 down 62 hcn4
61 regulated 62 hcn4
62 hcn4 63 ,
63 , 64 hcn2
63 , 65 and
65 and 69 fibrillation
65 and 70 .
68 atrial 69 fibrillation

summary : ongoing research with improved technology and techniques continues to unravel new understandings and challenges to the century old discovery of the anatomical sinus node . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 4 research
2 : 5 with
3 ongoing 4 research
5 with 7 technology
6 improved 7 technology
8 and 9 techniques
8 and 15 and
9 techniques 15 and
10 continues 11 to
10 continues 12 unravel
10 continues 15 and
11 to 12 unravel
12 unravel 14 understandings
13 new 14 understandings
15 and 16 challenges
15 and 17 to
17 to 21 discovery
18 the 21 discovery
19 century 21 discovery
20 old 21 discovery
21 discovery 22 of
22 of 26 node
23 the 26 node
24 anatomical 25 sinus
25 sinus 26 node

[none] study design : the thickness of 415 skulls of thai population was measured at the areas where halo pins are placed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 study 3 design
4 : 6 thickness
4 : 13 was
5 the 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 of
6 thickness 13 was
7 of 9 skulls
8 415 9 skulls
9 skulls 10 of
10 of 12 population
11 thai 12 population
13 was 14 measured
14 measured 15 at
14 measured 18 where
15 at 17 areas
16 the 17 areas
18 where 20 pins
18 where 22 placed
19 halo 20 pins
20 pins 21 are
21 are 22 placed

objective : analysis of skull thickness at the area of halo pin insertion [site] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
4 of 6 thickness
5 skull 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 at
7 at 9 area
8 the 9 area
9 area 10 of
10 of 13 insertion
11 halo 13 insertion
12 pin 13 insertion

summary of background data : halo [orthosis] is a device used for providing stable fixation of instability of cervical spine injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 summary 2 of
2 of 3 background
3 background 4 data
5 : 6 halo
5 : 8 is
5 : 22 .
6 halo 8 is
8 is 10 device
9 a 10 device
10 device 11 used
10 device 12 for
12 for 13 providing
13 providing 15 fixation
14 stable 15 fixation
15 fixation 16 of
15 fixation 18 of
16 of 17 instability
18 of 21 injury
19 cervical 20 spine
20 spine 21 injury

although this device can be applied quickly and safely , complications do occur . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 although 3 device
1 although 6 applied
1 although 10 ,
1 although 11 complications
2 this 3 device
3 device 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 applied
6 applied 8 and
7 quickly 8 and
8 and 9 safely
11 complications 12 do
12 do 13 occur

while clinical experiences have informed us that cranial bone thickness varies with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experiences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 informed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 while 2 clinical
1 while 3 experiences
3 experiences 4 have
4 have 5 informed
5 informed 6 us
5 informed 7 that
7 that 10 thickness
7 that 11 varies
8 cranial 9 bone
9 bone 10 thickness
10 thickness 11 varies
11 varies 12 with
12 with 13 age

methods : coronal computerized tomography scans of 415 heads of patients who had no head injury , skull fracture , or craniofacial abnormalities were reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 coronal
2 : 17 ,
3 coronal 4 computerized
3 coronal 5 tomography
3 coronal 6 scans
3 coronal 7 of
5 tomography 6 scans
7 of 9 heads
8 415 9 heads
9 heads 10 of
10 of 11 patients
11 patients 12 who
11 patients 13 had
12 who 13 had
13 had 16 injury
14 no 16 injury
15 head 16 injury
17 , 19 fracture
17 , 21 or
18 skull 19 fracture
20 , 21 or
21 or 23 abnormalities
21 or 25 reviewed
22 craniofacial 23 abnormalities
23 abnormalities 24 were
24 were 25 reviewed

all [scans] were performed with a philips cx/q . the patients ' ages were between 15 days and 89 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 all 3 were
3 were 4 performed
4 performed 5 with
5 with 8 cx/q
6 a 8 cx/q
7 philips 8 cx/q
9 . 13 ages
9 . 14 were
9 . 21 .
10 the 11 patients
11 patients 12 '
12 ' 13 ages
13 ages 14 were
14 were 15 between
15 between 18 and
16 15 17 days
17 days 18 and
18 and 20 years
19 89 20 years

measurements were taken directly from the computer console , using the measure mode function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 taken
1 measurements 2 were
2 were 3 taken
3 taken 4 directly
3 taken 5 from
5 from 8 console
6 the 8 console
7 computer 8 console
8 console 10 using
9 , 10 using
10 using 14 function
10 using 15 .
11 the 14 function
12 measure 14 function
13 mode 14 function

these measurements were obtained in millimeters at the locations where halo pins would normally be placed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 in
4 obtained 7 at
4 obtained 10 where
5 in 6 millimeters
7 at 9 locations
8 the 9 locations
10 where 12 pins
10 where 16 placed
11 halo 12 pins
12 pins 13 would
13 would 15 be
14 normally 15 be
15 be 16 placed

statistical analyses [within] and between all age groups were performed using analysis of variance tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 statistical 2 analyses
4 and 8 groups
4 and 10 performed
5 between 7 age
5 between 8 groups
6 all 7 age
8 groups 9 were
9 were 10 performed
10 performed 11 using
11 using 12 analysis
12 analysis 13 of
13 of 15 tests
14 variance 15 tests

results : the skull thickness increased with age at all sites measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 thickness
3 the 5 thickness
4 skull 5 thickness
5 thickness 6 increased
5 thickness 9 at
6 increased 7 with
7 with 8 age
9 at 11 sites
10 all 11 sites
11 sites 12 measured

the average thickness of [skull] at the anterior midline varied from 5.62 mm ( 0 - 9 years ) to 7.42 mm ( 80 - 89 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 thickness
2 average 3 thickness
3 thickness 4 of
3 thickness 10 varied
4 of 6 at
6 at 9 midline
7 the 9 midline
8 anterior 9 midline
10 varied 11 from
10 varied 16 -
10 varied 20 to
10 varied 25 -
11 from 13 mm
12 5.62 13 mm
14 ( 16 -
15 0 16 -
16 - 18 years
16 - 19 )
17 9 18 years
20 to 22 mm
21 7.42 22 mm
23 ( 25 -
24 80 25 -
25 - 27 years
25 - 28 )
26 89 27 years

the average thickness of the anterolateral was from 5.52 to 8.54 mm , and the average thickness of the posterolateral was from 5.59 to 8.86 mm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 thickness
2 average 3 thickness
3 thickness 4 of
3 thickness 7 was
4 of 6 anterolateral
5 the 6 anterolateral
7 was 8 from
8 from 12 mm
9 5.52 10 to
10 to 11 8.54
10 to 12 mm
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 thickness
14 and 21 was
15 the 17 thickness
16 average 17 thickness
17 thickness 18 of
17 thickness 21 was
18 of 20 posterolateral
19 the 20 posterolateral
21 was 22 from
22 from 26 mm
23 5.59 24 to
24 to 25 8.86
24 to 26 mm

conclusion : the thickness of [skull] at the halo pin insertion site gradually increases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 thickness
2 : 14 increases
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 thickness
4 thickness 5 of
4 thickness 14 increases
5 of 7 at
7 at 12 site
8 the 12 site
9 halo 12 site
10 pin 12 site
11 insertion 12 site
13 gradually 14 increases
14 increases 15 with
15 with 16 age

our study reveals that the thickness [of] skull reaches a steady peak in third to sixth decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 reveals
3 reveals 4 that
4 that 8 skull
4 that 9 reaches
5 the 8 skull
6 thickness 8 skull
8 skull 9 reaches
9 reaches 12 peak
9 reaches 13 in
9 reaches 15 to
10 a 11 steady
10 a 12 peak
11 steady 12 peak
13 in 14 third
15 to 17 decades
16 sixth 17 decades

the thickness of [skull] at the anterior midline can be predicted by a simple linear regression equation : a = 7.302 [+] 0.014*age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 thickness
2 thickness 3 of
2 thickness 8 midline
2 thickness 10 be
2 thickness 11 predicted
3 of 5 at
5 at 7 anterior
6 the 7 anterior
8 midline 9 can
9 can 10 be
11 predicted 12 by
11 predicted 17 equation
11 predicted 18 :
12 by 16 regression
13 a 16 regression
14 simple 16 regression
15 linear 16 regression
17 equation 18 :
18 : 20 =
18 : 23 0.014*age
19 a 20 =
20 = 21 7.302

contemporary forces , including the growing nursing shortage , the aging population , and the emphasis on patient safety , are increasing the pressure on healthcare facilities to use information systems to achieve better outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 forces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 contemporary 2 forces
2 forces 4 including
2 forces 14 and
2 forces 21 are
3 , 4 including
4 including 8 shortage
4 including 9 ,
5 the 8 shortage
6 growing 7 nursing
7 nursing 8 shortage
9 , 14 and
10 the 12 population
11 aging 12 population
12 population 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 emphasis
14 and 17 on
14 and 20 ,
15 the 16 emphasis
17 on 19 safety
18 patient 19 safety
21 are 22 increasing
22 increasing 24 pressure
23 the 24 pressure
24 pressure 25 on
24 pressure 28 to
24 pressure 29 use
25 on 27 facilities
26 healthcare 27 facilities
28 to 29 use
29 use 31 systems
29 use 32 to
30 information 31 systems
32 to 33 achieve
33 achieve 34 better
33 achieve 35 outcomes

use of information systems improves nurses ' ability to make decisions in a timely manner ; however , nurses are still reluctant about or avoiding using information systems in their daily work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 improves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 5 improves
2 of 4 systems
3 information 4 systems
5 improves 8 ability
6 nurses 7 '
7 ' 8 ability
8 ability 9 to
8 ability 10 make
9 to 10 make
10 make 11 decisions
10 make 12 in
12 in 15 manner
13 a 14 timely
13 a 15 manner
14 timely 15 manner
16 ; 19 nurses
16 ; 20 are
16 ; 24 or
17 however 18 ,
17 however 19 nurses
19 nurses 20 are
20 are 21 still
20 are 22 reluctant
21 still 22 reluctant
22 reluctant 23 about
24 or 28 systems
24 or 32 work
25 avoiding 27 information
26 using 27 information
27 information 28 systems
28 systems 29 in
28 systems 32 work
29 in 31 daily
30 their 31 daily

the purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among age , nursing education , computer experience , user involvement in implementation , nursing management support to use information systems , nurses ' information system use , and information system outcomes ( benefits and satisfaction ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 explore
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 10 relationships
8 explore 25 nursing
9 the 10 relationships
10 relationships 11 among
10 relationships 14 nursing
11 among 12 age
13 , 14 nursing
14 nursing 15 education
14 nursing 24 ,
15 education 18 experience
15 education 21 involvement
16 , 18 experience
17 computer 18 experience
18 experience 19 ,
19 , 21 involvement
20 user 21 involvement
21 involvement 22 in
21 involvement 24 ,
22 in 23 implementation
24 , 25 nursing
25 nursing 27 support
25 nursing 28 to
25 nursing 47 )
26 management 27 support
28 to 39 and
29 use 31 systems
30 information 31 systems
31 systems 32 ,
32 , 37 use
32 , 39 and
33 nurses 34 '
34 ' 37 use
35 information 37 use
36 system 37 use
38 , 39 and
39 and 42 outcomes
39 and 45 and
40 information 42 outcomes
41 system 42 outcomes
43 ( 45 and
44 benefits 45 and
45 and 46 satisfaction
45 and 47 )

the study used an input - process - outcome framework , a descriptive correlational design , and a mailed survey with a random sample of staff nurses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 used
3 used 5 input
4 an 5 input
5 input 7 process
6 - 7 process
7 process 8 -
8 - 10 framework
8 - 11 ,
8 - 28 .
9 outcome 10 framework
11 , 17 and
12 a 13 descriptive
12 a 15 design
13 descriptive 15 design
14 correlational 15 design
15 design 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 survey
17 and 21 with
18 a 20 survey
19 mailed 20 survey
21 with 24 sample
22 a 23 random
22 a 24 sample
23 random 24 sample
24 sample 25 of
25 of 27 nurses
26 staff 27 nurses

computer experience , user involvement , and nursing management support were found to significantly explain information system use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 computer 2 experience
2 experience 3 ,
3 , 5 involvement
3 , 7 and
4 user 5 involvement
6 , 7 and
7 and 10 support
7 and 11 were
8 nursing 10 support
9 management 10 support
11 were 12 found
12 found 13 to
13 to 15 explain
14 significantly 15 explain
15 explain 18 use
16 information 17 system
17 system 18 use

in addition , information system use was found to significantly explain nurses ' perception of the benefits of using information systems and their satisfaction with using information systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 use
4 information 6 use
5 system 6 use
6 use 7 was
7 was 8 found
8 found 9 to
8 found 25 with
9 to 11 explain
10 significantly 11 explain
11 explain 22 and
12 nurses 13 '
13 ' 14 perception
14 perception 15 of
14 perception 22 and
15 of 17 benefits
16 the 17 benefits
17 benefits 18 of
18 of 19 using
19 using 21 systems
20 information 21 systems
22 and 24 satisfaction
23 their 24 satisfaction
25 with 26 using
26 using 28 systems
27 information 28 systems

these results assist nursing administrators and leaders to change [and/or] restructure the appropriate work environment to enhance nurses ' information system use and increase their satisfaction , thereby improving patient outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 6 and
3 assist 5 administrators
3 assist 6 and
4 nursing 5 administrators
6 and 23 and
7 leaders 8 to
7 leaders 11 restructure
8 to 9 change
11 restructure 15 environment
11 restructure 16 to
12 the 15 environment
13 appropriate 14 work
14 work 15 environment
16 to 23 and
17 enhance 22 use
17 enhance 23 and
18 nurses 19 '
19 ' 22 use
20 information 21 system
21 system 22 use
23 and 24 increase
24 increase 26 satisfaction
25 their 26 satisfaction
27 , 31 outcomes
28 thereby 29 improving
29 improving 31 outcomes
30 patient 31 outcomes

background : in children , exhaled nitric oxide ( eno ) is usually confounded by factors such as age and height . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 children
5 , 6 exhaled
5 , 12 is
6 exhaled 12 is
7 nitric 8 oxide
8 oxide 10 eno
8 oxide 12 is
9 ( 10 eno
10 eno 11 )
12 is 13 usually
12 is 14 confounded
13 usually 14 confounded
14 confounded 15 by
14 confounded 18 as
15 by 16 factors
17 such 18 as
18 as 20 and
19 age 20 and
20 and 21 height

we evaluated the relationship between eno and lung function by minimizing the effects of aging and height . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 relationship
2 evaluated 5 between
3 the 4 relationship
5 between 16 and
6 eno 7 and
7 and 9 function
7 and 10 by
7 and 14 of
7 and 16 and
8 lung 9 function
10 by 11 minimizing
11 minimizing 13 effects
12 the 13 effects
14 of 15 aging
16 and 17 height

methods : in study 1 , the subjects comprised 738 elementary school children and junior high school children ( aged 6 to 15 years , 366 males and 372 females ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 school
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 8 subjects
2 : 9 comprised
3 in 4 study
3 in 6 ,
3 in 8 subjects
4 study 5 1
7 the 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 comprised
9 comprised 10 738
10 738 14 and
10 738 17 school
11 elementary 12 school
12 school 13 children
13 children 14 and
14 and 16 high
14 and 17 school
15 junior 16 high
17 school 18 children
18 children 20 aged
18 children 28 and
19 ( 20 aged
20 aged 21 6
20 aged 22 to
20 aged 25 ,
22 to 24 years
23 15 24 years
25 , 28 and
26 366 27 males
27 males 28 and
28 and 30 females
28 and 31 )
29 372 30 females

they were divided into two groups according to age ( 6 - 10 years and 11 - 15 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
3 divided 8 to
4 into 6 groups
5 two 6 groups
7 according 8 to
8 to 9 age
9 age 11 6
9 age 15 and
10 ( 11 6
11 6 12 -
12 - 15 and
13 10 14 years
14 years 15 and
15 and 19 years
15 and 20 )
16 11 17 -
17 - 18 15
17 - 19 years

a height range was determined by a histogram of height in each group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 height
1 a 3 range
2 height 3 range
3 range 4 was
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
5 determined 11 in
6 by 8 histogram
7 a 8 histogram
8 histogram 9 of
9 of 10 height
11 in 13 group
12 each 13 group

in study 2 , lung function , respiratory resistance and eno level were measured in age - and height - limited groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 in 2 study
2 study 3 2
2 study 4 ,
4 , 6 function
4 , 7 ,
5 lung 6 function
7 , 9 resistance
7 , 10 and
8 respiratory 9 resistance
10 and 12 level
10 and 13 were
11 eno 12 level
13 were 14 measured
14 measured 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 age 18 and
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 height
20 - 22 groups
20 - 23 .
21 limited 22 groups

results : in study 1 , total of 148 younger children ranging in height from 120 to 130 cm and 180 older children ranging in height from 148 to 158 cm participated in study 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 study
4 study 5 1
6 , 20 and
7 total 8 of
7 total 20 and
8 of 14 height
9 148 13 in
10 younger 11 children
11 children 12 ranging
12 ranging 13 in
13 in 14 height
14 height 15 from
15 from 19 cm
16 120 17 to
17 to 18 130
17 to 19 cm
20 and 26 height
21 180 25 in
22 older 23 children
23 children 24 ranging
24 ranging 25 in
25 in 26 height
26 height 27 from
27 from 29 to
28 148 29 to
29 to 30 158
30 158 31 cm
31 cm 32 participated
32 participated 33 in
33 in 34 study
34 study 35 2

the level of eno among asthmatic children was higher than that of normal children in both the younger and [the] older groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 8 was
3 of 4 eno
4 eno 5 among
5 among 7 children
6 asthmatic 7 children
8 was 9 higher
9 higher 10 than
9 higher 15 in
10 than 11 that
10 than 12 of
12 of 14 children
13 normal 14 children
15 in 16 both
16 both 17 the
16 both 22 groups
17 the 22 groups
18 younger 19 and
19 and 21 older
19 and 22 groups

the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( fev ( 1 ) ) and other parameters of central airway resistance did not correlate with the eno level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 16 and
3 in 6 volume
4 forced 6 volume
5 expiratory 6 volume
6 volume 7 in
6 volume 11 fev
7 in 9 second
8 1 9 second
10 ( 11 fev
11 fev 13 1
11 fev 15 )
12 ( 13 1
13 1 14 )
16 and 18 parameters
16 and 19 of
16 and 23 did
17 other 18 parameters
19 of 22 resistance
20 central 21 airway
21 airway 22 resistance
23 did 24 not
23 did 25 correlate
25 correlate 26 with
26 with 29 level
27 the 29 level
28 eno 29 level

however , the small airway parameters of mmef and v [(] 25 )/ht in older asthmatic children , and v ( 25 )/ht and r ( 5 ) - [r] ( 20 ) in younger asthmatic children inversely correlated with eno . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 parameters
3 the 6 parameters
4 small 5 airway
5 airway 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 of
6 parameters 39 correlated
7 of 9 and
8 mmef 9 and
9 and 10 v
9 and 12 25
9 and 13 )/ht
12 25 13 )/ht
13 )/ht 14 in
13 )/ht 34 in
14 in 19 and
15 older 17 children
16 asthmatic 17 children
17 children 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 v
19 and 24 and
19 and 32 20
21 ( 24 and
22 25 23 )/ht
23 )/ht 24 and
24 and 25 r
24 and 27 5
24 and 29 -
26 ( 27 5
27 5 28 )
31 ( 32 20
32 20 33 )
34 in 37 children
35 younger 37 children
36 asthmatic 37 children
38 inversely 39 correlated
39 correlated 40 with
40 with 41 eno

conclusions : our data suggest that eno level inversely correlates with small airway narrowing , and airway inflammation has a significant effect [on] small airway lung function in asthmatic school children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 suggest
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 level
6 that 16 and
7 eno 8 level
9 inversely 10 correlates
10 correlates 11 with
10 correlates 16 and
11 with 14 narrowing
12 small 13 airway
13 airway 14 narrowing
15 , 16 and
16 and 27 function
16 and 28 in
17 airway 18 inflammation
18 inflammation 19 has
19 has 26 lung
19 has 27 function
20 a 21 significant
20 a 26 lung
21 significant 26 lung
22 effect 26 lung
24 small 25 airway
25 airway 26 lung
28 in 31 children
29 asthmatic 30 school
30 school 31 children

biliverdin reductase a ( blvra ) , an enzyme that converts biliverdin to bilirubin , has recently emerged as a key regulator of the cellular redox cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biliverdin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 biliverdin 2 reductase
1 biliverdin 16 has
1 biliverdin 18 emerged
2 reductase 3 a
2 reductase 5 blvra
2 reductase 9 enzyme
2 reductase 16 has
4 ( 5 blvra
5 blvra 6 )
7 , 9 enzyme
8 an 9 enzyme
9 enzyme 10 that
9 enzyme 11 converts
9 enzyme 15 ,
10 that 11 converts
11 converts 12 biliverdin
11 converts 13 to
13 to 14 bilirubin
16 has 17 recently
18 emerged 19 as
19 as 22 regulator
20 a 22 regulator
21 key 22 regulator
22 regulator 23 of
23 of 27 cycle
24 the 27 cycle
25 cellular 27 cycle
26 redox 27 cycle

however , the role of blvra in the aging process remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 11 remains
5 of 6 blvra
6 blvra 7 in
7 in 10 process
8 the 10 process
9 aging 10 process
11 remains 12 unclear

to study the role of blvra in the aging process , we compared the stress responses of young and senescent human diploid fibroblasts ( hdfs ) to the reactive oxygen species ( ros ) inducer , hydrogen peroxide ( h2o2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 to 2 study
2 study 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 7 in
5 of 6 blvra
7 in 10 process
8 the 10 process
9 aging 10 process
11 , 12 we
11 , 13 compared
12 we 13 compared
13 compared 16 responses
13 compared 27 to
14 the 16 responses
15 stress 16 responses
16 responses 17 of
17 of 23 fibroblasts
18 young 19 and
19 and 20 senescent
19 and 23 fibroblasts
21 human 23 fibroblasts
22 diploid 23 fibroblasts
23 fibroblasts 25 hdfs
24 ( 25 hdfs
25 hdfs 26 )
27 to 30 oxygen
28 the 30 oxygen
29 reactive 30 oxygen
30 oxygen 31 species
30 oxygen 35 inducer
30 oxygen 38 peroxide
31 species 33 ros
31 species 35 inducer
32 ( 33 ros
33 ros 34 )
36 , 38 peroxide
37 hydrogen 38 peroxide
38 peroxide 40 h2o2
38 peroxide 41 )
39 ( 40 h2o2
40 h2o2 41 )

h2o2 markedly induced blvra activity in young hdfs , but not in senescent hdfs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 h2o2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 h2o2 3 induced
2 markedly 3 induced
3 induced 5 activity
4 blvra 5 activity
5 activity 10 but
6 in 8 hdfs
6 in 10 but
7 young 8 hdfs
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 not
10 but 12 in
12 in 14 hdfs
13 senescent 14 hdfs

additionally , depletion of blvra reduced the h2o2 - dependent induction of heme oxygenase - 1 ( ho - 1 ) in young hdfs , but not in senescent cells , suggesting [an] aging - dependent differential modulation of responses to oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 depletion
3 depletion 4 of
3 depletion 6 reduced
4 of 5 blvra
6 reduced 8 h2o2
7 the 8 h2o2
8 h2o2 11 induction
9 - 11 induction
10 dependent 11 induction
11 induction 12 of
11 induction 26 but
11 induction 35 -
12 of 14 oxygenase
13 heme 14 oxygenase
14 oxygenase 16 1
14 oxygenase 20 1
15 - 16 1
16 1 18 ho
16 1 19 -
17 ( 18 ho
18 ho 19 -
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 )
22 in 24 hdfs
22 in 26 but
23 young 24 hdfs
25 , 26 but
26 but 27 not
26 but 28 in
28 in 30 cells
29 senescent 30 cells
30 cells 32 suggesting
31 , 32 suggesting
32 suggesting 34 aging
32 suggesting 35 -
35 - 38 modulation
36 dependent 38 modulation
37 differential 38 modulation
38 modulation 39 of
38 modulation 41 to
39 of 40 responses
41 to 43 stress
42 oxidative 43 stress

the role of blvra in the regulation of cellular senescence was confirmed when lentiviral rnai - transfected stable primary hdfs with reduced blvra expression showed upregulation of the cdk inhibitor family members p16 , p53 , and p21 , followed by cell cycle arrest in g0 - g1 phase with high expression of senescence - associated β - galactosidase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 -
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 11 was
3 of 4 blvra
4 blvra 5 in
4 blvra 8 of
5 in 7 regulation
6 the 7 regulation
8 of 10 senescence
9 cellular 10 senescence
11 was 12 confirmed
12 confirmed 13 when
12 confirmed 45 in
13 when 15 rnai
13 when 40 followed
14 lentiviral 15 rnai
15 rnai 20 hdfs
15 rnai 40 followed
16 - 20 hdfs
17 transfected 20 hdfs
18 stable 20 hdfs
19 primary 20 hdfs
20 hdfs 21 with
20 hdfs 24 expression
20 hdfs 25 showed
20 hdfs 39 ,
21 with 23 blvra
22 reduced 23 blvra
24 expression 25 showed
25 showed 26 upregulation
25 showed 32 members
25 showed 37 and
26 upregulation 27 of
27 of 29 cdk
28 the 29 cdk
30 inhibitor 31 family
31 family 32 members
33 p16 34 ,
34 , 35 p53
34 , 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 p21
40 followed 41 by
40 followed 44 arrest
42 cell 44 arrest
43 cycle 44 arrest
45 in 46 g0
47 - 49 phase
47 - 60 .
48 g1 49 phase
49 phase 50 with
49 phase 59 galactosidase
50 with 52 expression
51 high 52 expression
52 expression 53 of
53 of 54 senescence
54 senescence 57 β
55 - 57 β
56 associated 57 β
57 β 58 -

taken together , these data support the notion that blvra contributes significantly to modulation of the aging process by adjusting the cellular oxidative status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 data
4 these 5 data
5 data 6 support
6 support 8 notion
6 support 19 by
7 the 8 notion
8 notion 9 that
9 that 10 blvra
9 that 11 contributes
10 blvra 11 contributes
11 contributes 12 significantly
11 contributes 13 to
13 to 14 modulation
14 modulation 15 of
15 of 18 process
16 the 18 process
17 aging 18 process
19 by 20 adjusting
20 adjusting 24 status
21 the 24 status
22 cellular 24 status
23 oxidative 24 status

aim : aortic dilatation is a well [-] known phenomenon in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 dilatation
2 : 5 is
2 : 14 .
3 aortic 4 dilatation
4 dilatation 5 is
5 is 10 phenomenon
6 a 10 phenomenon
7 well 9 known
9 known 10 phenomenon
10 phenomenon 11 in
11 in 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly

we therefore aimed to study the pathobiological determinants of aortic dilatation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 3 aimed
2 therefore 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 study
4 to 5 study
5 study 8 determinants
6 the 8 determinants
7 pathobiological 8 determinants
8 determinants 9 of
9 of 11 dilatation
10 aortic 11 dilatation

methods : retrospective chart review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 review
3 retrospective 4 chart
4 chart 5 review

the subjects were 833 consecutive autopsy cases ( 616 men and 217 women ) of community deaths . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 were
3 were 7 cases
4 833 7 cases
5 consecutive 6 autopsy
6 autopsy 7 cases
7 cases 11 and
8 ( 11 and
9 616 10 men
10 men 11 and
11 and 13 women
11 and 14 )
11 and 15 of
11 and 18 .
12 217 13 women
15 of 17 deaths
16 community 17 deaths

the age at death ranged from 20 to 94 years , with an average of 59.2 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ranged
1 the 2 age
2 age 3 at
2 age 5 ranged
3 at 4 death
5 ranged 6 from
6 from 10 years
7 20 8 to
8 to 9 94
8 to 10 years
10 years 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 average
12 with 18 .
13 an 14 average
14 average 15 of
15 of 17 years
16 59.2 17 years

we measured the internal circumference of the aortic root , arch , descending portion , abdominal portion , and bifurcation [in] unfixed opened aorta at the time [of] autopsy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 5 circumference
2 measured 25 at
3 the 5 circumference
4 internal 5 circumference
5 circumference 6 of
6 of 19 and
7 the 9 root
8 aortic 9 root
9 root 10 ,
10 , 11 arch
10 , 12 ,
12 , 14 portion
12 , 15 ,
13 descending 14 portion
15 , 17 portion
15 , 19 and
16 abdominal 17 portion
18 , 19 and
19 and 24 aorta
20 bifurcation 22 unfixed
22 unfixed 24 aorta
23 opened 24 aorta
25 at 29 autopsy
26 the 29 autopsy
27 time 29 autopsy

results : the simple correlation between age and aortic circumference was [strongest] for the descending portion , followed by the arch , abdominal portion , root , and bifurcation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 correlation
2 : 17 ,
2 : 30 .
3 the 5 correlation
4 simple 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 between
5 correlation 17 ,
6 between 8 and
7 age 8 and
8 and 10 circumference
9 aortic 10 circumference
11 was 13 for
11 was 17 ,
13 for 16 portion
14 the 16 portion
15 descending 16 portion
17 , 18 followed
17 , 19 by
19 by 28 and
20 the 21 arch
21 arch 22 ,
22 , 24 portion
22 , 25 ,
23 abdominal 24 portion
25 , 26 root
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 bifurcation

the simple correlation coefficient reached 0.836 for the descending portion ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reached
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 coefficient
2 simple 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 coefficient
4 coefficient 5 reached
5 reached 6 0.836
6 0.836 7 for
7 for 10 portion
8 the 10 portion
9 descending 10 portion
10 portion 13 <
11 ( 13 <
12 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.001
13 < 15 )

the circumference of the descending portion increased significantly as the severity of aortic atherosclerosis increased ( [p] for trend [<] 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 circumference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 circumference
2 circumference 3 of
2 circumference 7 increased
3 of 6 portion
4 the 6 portion
5 descending 6 portion
7 increased 8 significantly
7 increased 9 as
9 as 11 severity
10 the 11 severity
11 severity 12 of
12 of 14 atherosclerosis
13 aortic 14 atherosclerosis
14 atherosclerosis 15 increased
15 increased 18 for
16 ( 18 for
18 for 19 trend
18 for 22 )
19 trend 21 0.001

multiple regression analysis showed that age , sex , and body height were significantly correlated with the aortic circumference at all five measurement sites , while severe atherosclerosis was correlated with the aortic circumference at the root , and descending and [abdominal] portions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 multiple 3 analysis
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 6 age
7 , 10 and
7 , 15 correlated
7 , 25 ,
8 sex 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 height
10 and 13 were
11 body 12 height
13 were 14 significantly
13 were 15 correlated
15 correlated 16 with
15 correlated 20 at
16 with 19 circumference
17 the 19 circumference
18 aortic 19 circumference
20 at 24 sites
21 all 22 five
22 five 24 sites
23 measurement 24 sites
25 , 41 and
26 while 28 atherosclerosis
26 while 41 and
27 severe 28 atherosclerosis
29 was 30 correlated
29 was 41 and
30 correlated 31 with
30 correlated 35 at
31 with 34 circumference
32 the 34 circumference
33 aortic 34 circumference
35 at 39 and
36 the 37 root
37 root 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 descending
41 and 43 portions

six contributing factors ( age , sex , body height , smoking history , hypertension , and severe atherosclerosis ) explained 68.5 % of the variance [in] circumference in the descending portion ; age explained 57.5 % ; sex 8.4 % ; body height 1 [%] [;] and severe atherosclerosis 0.8 [%] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 six 3 factors
2 contributing 3 factors
3 factors 17 and
3 factors 21 explained
4 ( 17 and
5 age 6 ,
6 , 7 sex
6 , 8 ,
8 , 10 height
8 , 11 ,
9 body 10 height
11 , 13 history
11 , 14 ,
12 smoking 13 history
14 , 15 hypertension
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 atherosclerosis
17 and 20 )
18 severe 19 atherosclerosis
21 explained 23 %
22 68.5 23 %
23 % 24 of
23 % 29 in
24 of 28 circumference
25 the 28 circumference
26 variance 28 circumference
29 in 32 portion
30 the 32 portion
31 descending 32 portion
33 ; 34 age
33 ; 35 explained
33 ; 38 ;
34 age 35 explained
35 explained 37 %
36 57.5 37 %
38 ; 39 sex
38 ; 42 ;
39 sex 41 %
40 8.4 41 %
42 ; 48 and
43 body 44 height
44 height 45 1
44 height 48 and
48 and 50 atherosclerosis
49 severe 50 atherosclerosis
50 atherosclerosis 51 0.8

conclusion : the contribution of atherosclerosis to aortic dilation was very weak , representing less than one seventieth of the contribution of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 contribution
2 : 10 was
3 the 4 contribution
4 contribution 5 of
4 contribution 10 was
5 of 6 atherosclerosis
6 atherosclerosis 7 to
7 to 9 dilation
8 aortic 9 dilation
10 was 12 weak
11 very 12 weak
12 weak 14 representing
13 , 14 representing
14 representing 18 seventieth
14 representing 24 .
15 less 16 than
16 than 18 seventieth
17 one 18 seventieth
18 seventieth 19 of
19 of 21 contribution
20 the 21 contribution
21 contribution 22 of
22 of 23 age

the aortic circumference , especially in the descending portion , serves as an excellent age - related marker . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 circumference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 serves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 the 3 circumference
2 aortic 3 circumference
3 circumference 6 in
3 circumference 11 serves
4 , 5 especially
4 , 6 in
6 in 9 portion
6 in 10 ,
7 the 9 portion
8 descending 9 portion
11 serves 12 as
12 as 15 age
13 an 14 excellent
13 an 15 age
14 excellent 15 age
16 - 18 marker
16 - 19 .
17 related 18 marker

aim : we previously reported significant associations between mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms ( mtsnps ) and myocardial infarction , atherothrombotic cerebral infarction , metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 5 reported
2 : 30 .
3 we 5 reported
4 previously 5 reported
5 reported 16 and
6 significant 7 associations
7 associations 8 between
7 associations 16 and
8 between 12 polymorphisms
9 mitochondrial 12 polymorphisms
10 single 11 nucleotide
11 nucleotide 12 polymorphisms
12 polymorphisms 14 mtsnps
13 ( 14 mtsnps
14 mtsnps 15 )
16 and 29 diabetes
17 myocardial 18 infarction
18 infarction 19 ,
19 , 22 infarction
19 , 23 ,
20 atherothrombotic 22 infarction
21 cerebral 22 infarction
23 , 25 syndrome
23 , 26 and
24 metabolic 25 syndrome
26 and 27 type
26 and 29 diabetes
27 type 28 2

here , we assessed the hypothesis that mtsnps may confer a risk for atherosclerosis , the most important intermediate phenotype of ischemic cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 hypothesis
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 that
7 that 8 mtsnps
7 that 10 confer
8 mtsnps 9 may
9 may 10 confer
10 confer 12 risk
11 a 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 14 atherosclerosis
14 atherosclerosis 20 phenotype
15 , 20 phenotype
16 the 20 phenotype
17 most 18 important
18 important 20 phenotype
19 intermediate 20 phenotype
20 phenotype 21 of
20 phenotype 25 .
21 of 24 events
22 ischemic 24 events
23 cardiovascular 24 events

methods : the subjects were 1,536 consecutive autopsy cases ( 827 men and 709 women ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 5 were
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 were
5 were 9 cases
6 1,536 9 cases
7 consecutive 8 autopsy
8 autopsy 9 cases
9 cases 13 and
10 ( 13 and
11 827 12 men
12 men 13 and
13 and 15 women
13 and 16 )
14 709 15 women

the average age at death was 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 age
2 average 3 age
3 age 4 at
3 age 6 was
4 at 5 death
6 was 8 years
7 80 8 years

the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was semi - quantitatively examined on cut sections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
1 the 2 severity
2 severity 3 of
2 severity 6 was
3 of 5 atherosclerosis
4 coronary 5 atherosclerosis
6 was 7 semi
7 semi 10 examined
8 - 10 examined
9 quantitatively 10 examined
10 examined 11 on
10 examined 14 .
11 on 13 sections
12 cut 13 sections

we examined 149 mtsnps using the pcr - luminex method , with a success rate of 97 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 mtsnps
3 149 4 mtsnps
4 mtsnps 5 using
5 using 7 pcr
5 using 12 with
6 the 7 pcr
7 pcr 10 method
8 - 10 method
9 luminex 10 method
10 method 11 ,
12 with 15 rate
13 a 14 success
13 a 15 rate
14 success 15 rate
15 rate 16 of
16 of 18 %
17 97 18 %

phylogenetic tree analysis yielded 36 haplogroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 yielded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 phylogenetic 2 tree
2 tree 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 yielded
4 yielded 6 haplogroups
5 36 6 haplogroups

multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjustments for sex , age , and conventional cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 multiple 2 logistic
2 logistic 4 analysis
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 performed
6 performed 7 after
6 performed 9 for
7 after 8 adjustments
9 for 18 factors
10 sex 11 ,
11 , 12 age
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 conventional
14 and 18 factors
16 cardiovascular 18 factors
17 risk 18 factors

results : among the 45 mtsnps with minor [genotype] frequencies >0.05 , 6 mtsnps were associated with coronary atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
2 : 11 >0.05
3 among 6 mtsnps
4 the 5 45
5 45 6 mtsnps
6 mtsnps 7 with
7 with 10 frequencies
8 minor 10 frequencies
12 , 14 mtsnps
12 , 16 associated
13 6 14 mtsnps
14 mtsnps 15 were
15 were 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 19 atherosclerosis
18 coronary 19 atherosclerosis

among 10 haplogroups with frequencies >0.04 , haplogroups a and m7a were significantly associated with coronary atherosclerosis , with odds ratios ( 95 % confidence intervals [ )(of 1.80 ( 1.09 - 2.97 [;] p=0.023 ) and 1.92 [(] 1.23 - 3.01 [;] p=0.004 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 haplogroups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 among 2 10
1 among 3 haplogroups
3 haplogroups 4 with
3 haplogroups 10 and
3 haplogroups 12 were
3 haplogroups 14 associated
4 with 5 frequencies
6 >0.04 7 ,
7 , 8 haplogroups
7 , 10 and
8 haplogroups 9 a
10 and 11 m7a
10 and 12 were
13 significantly 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 19 with
14 associated 47 respectively
15 with 17 atherosclerosis
16 coronary 17 atherosclerosis
18 , 19 with
19 with 21 ratios
19 with 46 ,
20 odds 21 ratios
21 ratios 37 and
22 ( 37 and
23 95 26 intervals
24 % 25 confidence
25 confidence 26 intervals
26 intervals 28 )(of
26 intervals 37 and
28 )(of 29 1.80
29 1.80 35 p=0.023
30 ( 35 p=0.023
31 1.09 32 -
32 - 33 2.97
32 - 35 p=0.023
35 p=0.023 36 )
37 and 44 p=0.004
37 and 45 )
38 1.92 44 p=0.004
40 1.23 41 -
41 - 42 3.01
41 - 44 p=0.004

haplogroup d4a , which was previously reported to be associated with extreme longevity in a japanese population , was associated with pathological myocardial infarction in men with an odds ratio of 2.05 ( 1.01 - 4.14 [;] p=0.046 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 d4a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 haplogroup 2 d4a
2 d4a 4 which
2 d4a 19 was
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 was
4 which 18 ,
5 was 6 previously
5 was 7 reported
7 reported 8 to
7 reported 10 associated
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 14 in
11 with 13 longevity
12 extreme 13 longevity
14 in 17 population
15 a 16 japanese
15 a 17 population
16 japanese 17 population
19 was 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
20 associated 25 in
21 with 24 infarction
22 pathological 24 infarction
23 myocardial 24 infarction
25 in 26 men
26 men 27 with
26 men 31 of
26 men 38 p=0.046
27 with 30 ratio
28 an 30 ratio
29 odds 30 ratio
31 of 32 2.05
33 ( 38 p=0.046
34 1.01 35 -
35 - 36 4.14
35 - 38 p=0.046
38 p=0.046 39 )

conclusions : the mitochondrial haplogroups [a] and m7a confer a significant risk for coronary atherosclerosis in the japanese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 and
2 : 9 confer
2 : 19 .
3 the 5 haplogroups
4 mitochondrial 5 haplogroups
5 haplogroups 7 and
7 and 8 m7a
7 and 9 confer
9 confer 12 risk
9 confer 16 in
10 a 11 significant
10 a 12 risk
11 significant 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 15 atherosclerosis
14 coronary 15 atherosclerosis
16 in 18 japanese
17 the 18 japanese

the mitochondrial haplogroup may contribute some genetic risk for coronary heart disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 haplogroup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 haplogroup
2 mitochondrial 3 haplogroup
3 haplogroup 4 may
4 may 5 contribute
5 contribute 8 risk
6 some 8 risk
7 genetic 8 risk
8 risk 9 for
9 for 12 disease
10 coronary 11 heart
11 heart 12 disease

the aims of this study were to [evaluate] the ultimate tensile strength ( uts [ )(and elastic modulus [(] e ) of adhesives , and primer/adhesive mixtures after aging for 6 months in water or oil [;] and [to] [compare] silver uptake patterns under the tem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 6 were
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
7 to 12 strength
9 the 12 strength
10 ultimate 12 strength
11 tensile 12 strength
12 strength 16 )(and
12 strength 22 of
13 ( 16 )(and
14 uts 16 )(and
16 )(and 18 modulus
16 )(and 21 )
17 elastic 18 modulus
18 modulus 20 e
22 of 25 and
23 adhesives 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 mixtures
26 primer/adhesive 27 mixtures
27 mixtures 28 after
27 mixtures 30 for
28 after 29 aging
30 for 38 and
31 6 32 months
32 months 33 in
32 months 38 and
33 in 35 or
34 water 35 or
35 or 36 oil
38 and 43 patterns
38 and 47 .
41 silver 43 patterns
42 uptake 43 patterns
43 patterns 44 under
44 under 46 tem
45 the 46 tem

a one - step self - etching adhesive ( one - up bond f : ob [ )(, two two - step self - etching primers ( se bond : se and protect bond : cp [ )(, and two etch - and - rinse systems ( single bond : sb and prime&bond nt [:] [pb] ) were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 one
3 - 5 self
3 - 6 -
4 step 5 self
6 - 12 up
6 - 15 :
7 etching 8 adhesive
7 etching 11 -
7 etching 12 up
8 adhesive 10 one
9 ( 10 one
10 one 11 -
12 up 13 bond
13 bond 14 f
15 : 16 ob
15 : 24 -
16 ob 20 two
18 )(, 20 two
19 two 20 two
20 two 23 self
20 two 24 -
21 - 23 self
22 step 23 self
23 self 24 -
24 - 26 primers
24 - 30 :
25 etching 26 primers
26 primers 29 bond
27 ( 29 bond
28 se 29 bond
29 bond 30 :
30 : 34 bond
30 : 38 )(,
31 se 32 and
32 and 33 protect
33 protect 34 bond
34 bond 35 :
35 : 36 cp
38 )(, 39 and
38 )(, 42 -
39 and 40 two
39 and 41 etch
40 two 41 etch
42 - 43 and
42 - 50 :
43 and 44 -
44 - 45 rinse
45 rinse 46 systems
46 systems 49 bond
47 ( 49 bond
48 single 49 bond
49 bond 50 :
50 : 52 and
50 : 59 used
50 : 60 .
51 sb 52 and
52 and 54 nt
52 and 57 )
52 and 58 were
53 prime&bond 54 nt
58 were 59 used

bonding and primer solutions of self [-] etching systems were also mixed ( se+p and cp+p ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 bonding 2 and
2 and 3 primer
2 and 4 solutions
2 and 10 were
2 and 12 mixed
2 and 15 and
4 solutions 5 of
4 solutions 10 were
5 of 9 systems
6 self 8 etching
8 etching 9 systems
11 also 12 mixed
13 ( 15 and
14 se+p 15 and
15 and 16 cp+p
15 and 17 )

most adhesives presented decreased uts after water - storage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adhesives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 most 2 adhesives
2 adhesives 3 presented
2 adhesives 4 decreased
4 decreased 5 uts
4 decreased 6 after
6 after 7 water
8 - 9 storage

similar or increased uts was observed after oil storage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 similar 2 or
2 or 4 uts
2 or 5 was
3 increased 4 uts
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 after
7 after 9 storage
8 oil 9 storage

except for sb , [e] values did not change after water - storage , but they increased after storage in oil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 except 2 for
1 except 4 ,
1 except 6 values
2 for 3 sb
6 values 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 change
9 change 10 after
10 after 11 water
11 water 13 storage
12 - 13 storage
13 storage 14 ,
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 they
15 but 17 increased
16 they 17 increased
17 increased 18 after
17 increased 20 in
18 after 19 storage
20 in 21 oil

ob , cp+p and se+p presented more silver uptake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 ob 2 ,
2 , 3 cp+p
2 , 4 and
4 and 5 se+p
4 and 6 presented
6 presented 9 uptake
7 more 8 silver
8 silver 9 uptake

the effects of water [-] storage were material - dependent , and significantly affected the mechanical properties and silver uptake patterns of adhesives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 7 were
3 of 6 storage
4 water 6 storage
7 were 8 material
9 - 12 and
9 - 24 .
10 dependent 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 21 patterns
12 and 22 of
13 significantly 14 affected
14 affected 21 patterns
15 the 17 properties
16 mechanical 17 properties
17 properties 18 and
18 and 19 silver
18 and 21 patterns
20 uptake 21 patterns
22 of 23 adhesives

during the differentiation of an erythrocyte , the developing erythroblast shuts down expression of most of its genes but preserves high levels of expression of certain key genes , such as those encoding hemoglobin and critical membrane proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 erythroblast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
1 during 3 differentiation
1 during 7 ,
1 during 10 erythroblast
2 the 3 differentiation
3 differentiation 4 of
4 of 6 erythrocyte
5 an 6 erythrocyte
8 the 10 erythroblast
9 developing 10 erythroblast
10 erythroblast 19 but
11 shuts 12 down
11 shuts 13 expression
11 shuts 19 but
13 expression 14 of
14 of 18 genes
15 most 16 of
15 most 18 genes
16 of 18 genes
17 its 18 genes
19 but 20 preserves
20 preserves 22 levels
21 high 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 expression
24 expression 25 of
25 of 28 genes
26 certain 28 genes
27 key 28 genes
28 genes 31 as
29 , 31 as
30 such 31 as
31 as 35 and
31 as 39 .
32 those 33 encoding
32 those 35 and
33 encoding 34 hemoglobin
35 and 38 proteins
35 and 39 .
36 critical 37 membrane
37 membrane 38 proteins

in this issue of the jci [,] gallagher et al . show that a [specialized] type of dna sequence element known as an insulator protects the expression of ankyrin , a key membrane protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 issue
1 in 12 show
2 this 3 issue
3 issue 4 of
4 of 10 al
5 the 10 al
6 jci 8 gallagher
8 gallagher 10 al
9 et 10 al
10 al 11 .
12 show 13 that
13 that 17 of
13 that 25 protects
14 a 17 of
16 type 17 of
17 of 20 element
17 of 21 known
17 of 25 protects
18 dna 19 sequence
19 sequence 20 element
21 known 22 as
22 as 24 insulator
23 an 24 insulator
25 protects 27 expression
26 the 27 expression
27 expression 28 of
28 of 29 ankyrin
30 , 34 protein
31 a 34 protein
32 key 34 protein
33 membrane 34 protein

in several kindreds , mutations in the insulator led to impaired ankyrin expression and congenital hemolytic anemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 kindreds
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 mutations
2 several 3 kindreds
5 mutations 6 in
5 mutations 9 led
6 in 8 insulator
7 the 8 insulator
9 led 10 to
10 to 14 and
11 impaired 12 ankyrin
12 ankyrin 13 expression
13 expression 14 and
14 and 17 anemia
15 congenital 17 anemia
16 hemolytic 17 anemia

this work provides important insights into ways in which epigenetic changes can alter gene expression and thereby lead to human disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 work
2 work 3 provides
3 provides 5 insights
4 important 5 insights
5 insights 6 into
5 insights 8 in
6 into 7 ways
8 in 9 which
8 in 11 changes
8 in 16 and
10 epigenetic 11 changes
11 changes 16 and
12 can 13 alter
12 can 16 and
13 alter 15 expression
14 gene 15 expression
16 and 18 lead
17 thereby 18 lead
18 lead 19 to
19 to 21 disease
20 human 21 disease

background : the need for long - term care services for american indians and alaska natives ( ai/ans ) is great since this population is experiencing some of the highest rates in the united states of chronic disease and disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 need
2 : 5 for
3 the 4 need
5 for 6 long
7 - 10 services
8 term 10 services
9 care 10 services
10 services 11 for
10 services 21 great
10 services 24 population
10 services 26 experiencing
11 for 14 and
12 american 13 indians
13 indians 14 and
14 and 15 alaska
14 and 16 natives
14 and 20 is
16 natives 18 ai/ans
16 natives 20 is
17 ( 18 ai/ans
18 ai/ans 19 )
21 great 22 since
22 since 23 this
24 population 25 is
25 is 26 experiencing
26 experiencing 27 some
26 experiencing 32 in
27 some 28 of
28 of 31 rates
29 the 30 highest
29 the 31 rates
32 in 35 states
33 the 35 states
34 united 35 states
35 states 36 of
36 of 39 and
37 chronic 38 disease
38 disease 39 and
39 and 40 disability

methods : between 2005 and 2007 , a survey on access and barriers to long - term care was mailed to key informants at 305 tribes and tribal consortia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 between 5 and
4 2005 5 and
5 and 6 2007
7 , 9 survey
7 , 20 mailed
8 a 9 survey
9 survey 10 on
9 survey 14 to
9 survey 19 was
10 on 12 and
11 access 12 and
12 and 13 barriers
14 to 18 care
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 18 care
19 was 20 mailed
20 mailed 21 to
20 mailed 24 at
21 to 22 key
22 key 23 informants
24 at 27 and
25 305 26 tribes
26 tribes 27 and
27 and 29 consortia
28 tribal 29 consortia

targeted key informants included health directors , social service directors , older americans act title vi directors , and community health representative or community health aide directors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 informants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 targeted 2 key
2 key 3 informants
3 informants 4 included
4 included 23 or
5 health 6 directors
6 directors 7 ,
7 , 10 directors
7 , 11 ,
8 social 9 service
9 service 10 directors
11 , 17 directors
11 , 19 and
12 older 13 americans
13 americans 17 directors
14 act 15 title
15 title 16 vi
15 title 17 directors
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 representative
19 and 23 or
20 community 21 health
21 health 22 representative
23 or 27 directors
24 community 25 health
25 health 26 aide
26 aide 27 directors

survey - adjusted data were analyzed descriptively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 survey 2 -
1 survey 4 data
3 adjusted 4 data
4 data 5 were
5 were 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 7 descriptively

results : four hundred and forty - two respondents returned surveys representing 220 tribes and consortia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 hundred
3 four 4 hundred
5 and 9 respondents
5 and 10 returned
6 forty 7 -
7 - 8 two
7 - 9 respondents
9 respondents 10 returned
10 returned 11 surveys
11 surveys 12 representing
12 representing 15 and
13 220 14 tribes
14 tribes 15 and
15 and 16 consortia

human services were overall more available than health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 services
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 human 2 services
2 services 3 were
3 were 4 overall
3 were 6 available
5 more 6 available
6 available 7 than
7 than 9 services
8 health 9 services

there was a high level of interest for long - term care services among consumers and tribal leaders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 level
2 was 8 for
3 a 5 level
4 high 5 level
5 level 6 of
6 of 7 interest
8 for 16 and
9 long 10 -
9 long 11 term
11 term 13 services
12 care 13 services
13 services 14 among
13 services 16 and
14 among 15 consumers
16 and 18 leaders
17 tribal 18 leaders

funding issues were the most prevalent reported factors adversely affecting long - term care development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 funding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 funding 2 issues
1 funding 3 were
3 were 8 factors
4 the 8 factors
5 most 6 prevalent
6 prevalent 8 factors
7 reported 8 factors
8 factors 10 affecting
9 adversely 10 affecting
10 affecting 15 development
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 15 development
14 care 15 development

conclusions : efforts are needed to improve ai/ans access to these services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 efforts
2 : 5 needed
2 : 13 .
3 efforts 4 are
4 are 5 needed
5 needed 6 to
6 to 7 improve
7 improve 9 access
7 improve 10 to
8 ai/ans 9 access
10 to 12 services
11 these 12 services

the fto gene has been shown to have a small but robust effect [on] body mass index ( bmi ) [and] to increase the risk for diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 gene
2 fto 3 gene
3 gene 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 8 have
8 have 17 index
8 have 22 to
9 a 17 index
10 small 11 but
11 but 12 robust
11 but 13 effect
13 effect 17 index
15 body 17 index
16 mass 17 index
17 index 19 bmi
18 ( 19 bmi
19 bmi 20 )
22 to 23 increase
23 increase 25 risk
24 the 25 risk
25 risk 26 for
26 for 27 diabetes

both high bmi and diabetes are vascular risk factors that might play a role in the development of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 both 3 bmi
2 high 3 bmi
3 bmi 4 and
4 and 5 diabetes
4 and 6 are
6 are 9 factors
7 vascular 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 10 that
9 factors 11 might
10 that 11 might
11 might 12 play
12 play 14 role
12 play 15 in
13 a 14 role
15 in 25 and
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
17 development 25 and
18 of 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
21 disease 23 ad
22 ( 23 ad
23 ad 24 )
25 and 26 dementia

thus , our aim was to explore the impact of fto on ad and dementia risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 aim
3 our 4 aim
4 aim 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 explore
6 to 7 explore
7 explore 9 impact
7 explore 12 on
8 the 9 impact
9 impact 10 of
10 of 11 fto
12 on 14 and
13 ad 14 and
14 and 16 risk
15 dementia 16 risk

nine years of [follow] - up data was gathered from the kungsholmen project , a prospective population - based study on 1,003 persons without dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 nine 2 years
2 years 7 data
2 years 9 gathered
2 years 17 population
2 years 19 based
3 of 6 up
3 of 7 data
5 - 6 up
7 data 8 was
8 was 9 gathered
9 gathered 10 from
10 from 13 project
11 the 13 project
12 kungsholmen 13 project
14 , 17 population
15 a 16 prospective
15 a 17 population
16 prospective 17 population
17 population 18 -
19 based 20 study
19 based 21 on
19 based 24 without
21 on 23 persons
22 1,003 23 persons
24 without 25 dementia

cox - regression models were used to assess the relative risks of developing ad and dementia ( dsm - iii - r [criteria] ) according to fto [genotypes] ( rs9939609 ) , taking into account apoe , physical inactivity , bmi , diabetes , and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 cox 2 -
1 cox 4 models
3 regression 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 risks
8 assess 26 to
9 the 11 risks
10 relative 11 risks
11 risks 12 of
12 of 13 developing
13 developing 15 and
14 ad 15 and
15 and 16 dementia
15 and 18 dsm
17 ( 18 dsm
18 dsm 21 -
18 dsm 24 )
19 - 21 -
20 iii 21 -
21 - 22 r
21 - 24 )
25 according 26 to
26 to 27 fto
27 fto 30 rs9939609
27 fto 33 taking
27 fto 41 bmi
29 ( 30 rs9939609
30 rs9939609 31 )
32 , 33 taking
33 taking 34 into
33 taking 40 ,
34 into 36 apoe
35 account 36 apoe
36 apoe 39 inactivity
37 , 39 inactivity
38 physical 39 inactivity
39 inactivity 40 ,
40 , 41 bmi
41 bmi 45 and
41 bmi 50 )
42 , 45 and
43 diabetes 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 47 disease
45 and 49 cvd
45 and 50 )
46 cardiovascular 47 disease
48 ( 49 cvd
49 cvd 50 )

[compared] [to] [carriers] [of] the fto tt - genotype [,] aa - carriers had a higher risk for ad ( [rr] 1.58 , 95 % ci : 1.11 - 2.24 ) and for dementia ( [rr] 1.48 , 95 % ci : 1.09 - 2.02 ) after adjustment for age , gender , education , and apoe [genotype] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
5 the 7 tt
6 fto 7 tt
8 - 9 genotype
8 - 12 -
9 genotype 11 aa
12 - 13 carriers
12 - 14 had
12 - 23 ,
13 carriers 14 had
14 had 17 risk
14 had 18 for
15 a 17 risk
16 higher 17 risk
18 for 19 ad
19 ad 22 1.58
20 ( 22 1.58
22 1.58 23 ,
23 , 26 ci
23 , 27 :
23 , 32 and
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 :
27 : 28 1.11
28 1.11 30 2.24
29 - 30 2.24
30 2.24 31 )
32 and 41 ci
33 for 34 dementia
33 for 41 ci
34 dementia 37 1.48
35 ( 37 1.48
37 1.48 38 ,
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
41 ci 42 :
42 : 43 1.09
42 : 47 after
42 : 49 for
43 1.09 45 2.02
44 - 45 2.02
45 2.02 46 )
47 after 48 adjustment
49 for 56 and
50 age 51 ,
51 , 52 gender
51 , 53 ,
53 , 54 education
53 , 56 and
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 apoe
56 and 59 .

this effect remained after additional adjustment for physical inactivity , bmi , diabetes , and cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 effect
2 effect 3 remained
3 remained 4 after
3 remained 7 for
4 after 6 adjustment
5 additional 6 adjustment
7 for 15 and
8 physical 9 inactivity
9 inactivity 10 ,
10 , 11 bmi
10 , 15 and
11 bmi 13 diabetes
12 , 13 diabetes
13 diabetes 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 cvd

an interaction between fto and apoe was found , with increased risk for dementia for those carrying both fto aa and apoe ϵ4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 an 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 between
2 interaction 7 was
3 between 6 apoe
4 fto 5 and
5 and 6 apoe
7 was 8 found
9 , 21 and
9 , 23 ϵ4
10 with 12 risk
10 with 17 carrying
10 with 21 and
11 increased 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 14 dementia
14 dementia 15 for
15 for 16 those
17 carrying 18 both
19 fto 20 aa
20 aa 21 and
21 and 22 apoe
21 and 23 ϵ4

importantly , the effect of the aa [-] [genotype] on dementia/ad risk seems to act mostly through the interaction with apoe ϵ4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 13 seems
5 of 7 aa
6 the 7 aa
7 aa 10 on
10 on 12 risk
11 dementia/ad 12 risk
13 seems 14 to
13 seems 15 act
14 to 15 act
15 act 16 mostly
15 act 20 with
15 act 22 ϵ4
16 mostly 17 through
17 through 19 interaction
18 the 19 interaction
20 with 21 apoe

our findings suggest that the fto aa [-] genotype [increases] the risk for dementia , and in particular ad , independently of physical inactivity , bmi , diabetes , and cvd measured at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 aa
4 that 9 genotype
5 the 7 aa
6 fto 7 aa
9 genotype 12 risk
9 genotype 16 and
9 genotype 21 independently
11 the 12 risk
13 for 14 dementia
13 for 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 in
17 in 19 ad
18 particular 19 ad
20 , 21 independently
21 independently 22 of
21 independently 25 ,
22 of 24 inactivity
23 physical 24 inactivity
25 , 30 and
26 bmi 27 ,
27 , 28 diabetes
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 cvd
30 and 32 measured
32 measured 33 at
33 at 34 baseline

our results are in line with the recently reported association between fto and reduced brain volume in cognitively healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 5 line
3 are 6 with
4 in 5 line
6 with 13 and
7 the 10 association
8 recently 9 reported
9 reported 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 13 and
11 between 12 fto
13 and 16 volume
14 reduced 15 brain
15 brain 16 volume
16 volume 17 in
17 in 20 subjects
18 cognitively 19 healthy
19 healthy 20 subjects

no synthase , type i ( nos - i ) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 synthase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 no 2 synthase
2 synthase 4 type
2 synthase 11 has
3 , 4 type
4 type 5 i
4 type 8 -
4 type 10 )
6 ( 8 -
7 nos 8 -
8 - 9 i
8 - 10 )
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 suggested
13 suggested 14 to
14 to 15 play
15 play 17 role
15 play 18 in
16 a 17 role
18 in 20 etiology
19 the 20 etiology
20 etiology 21 of
21 of 24 disease
22 alzheimer 23 's
23 's 24 disease
24 disease 26 ad
25 ( 26 ad
26 ad 27 )

the gene encoding nos [-] i harbors at least nine alternative first exons ; in the promoter region of exon 1f , a polymorphic repeat [(] nos1 ex1f - vntr ) has been described which influences gene expression and neuronal transcriptome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 harbors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 gene
2 gene 3 encoding
2 gene 7 harbors
3 encoding 4 nos
4 nos 6 i
7 harbors 13 exons
8 at 9 least
9 least 10 nine
10 nine 13 exons
11 alternative 13 exons
12 first 13 exons
14 ; 25 repeat
15 in 18 region
15 in 22 ,
15 in 25 repeat
16 the 18 region
17 promoter 18 region
18 region 19 of
19 of 21 1f
20 exon 21 1f
23 a 25 repeat
24 polymorphic 25 repeat
25 repeat 28 ex1f
25 repeat 33 been
25 repeat 34 described
27 nos1 28 ex1f
28 ex1f 30 vntr
28 ex1f 32 has
29 - 30 vntr
30 vntr 31 )
32 has 33 been
34 described 35 which
35 which 36 influences
36 influences 41 transcriptome
37 gene 38 expression
38 expression 39 and
39 and 40 neuronal
39 and 41 transcriptome

we have shown that short alleles of this repeat are associated with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 4 that
4 that 6 alleles
4 that 11 associated
5 short 6 alleles
6 alleles 7 of
6 alleles 10 are
7 of 9 repeat
8 this 9 repeat
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 13 ad

here , we sought to further explore this finding by investigating a longitudinal cohort sample from the vienna - transdanube - aging ( vita ) study consisting of 606 subjects enrolled at the age of 75 ( of these , [genotypes] [were] available for 574 subjects [ )(and followed up for 60 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sought
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 9 finding
5 to 7 explore
6 further 7 explore
8 this 9 finding
9 finding 10 by
9 finding 16 from
10 by 11 investigating
11 investigating 15 sample
12 a 15 sample
13 longitudinal 15 sample
14 cohort 15 sample
16 from 27 consisting
17 the 27 consisting
18 vienna 20 transdanube
18 vienna 22 aging
18 vienna 24 vita
18 vienna 26 study
19 - 20 transdanube
20 transdanube 21 -
21 - 22 aging
23 ( 24 vita
24 vita 25 )
26 study 27 consisting
27 consisting 28 of
27 consisting 31 enrolled
28 of 30 subjects
29 606 30 subjects
31 enrolled 32 at
32 at 34 age
33 the 34 age
34 age 35 of
34 age 43 available
35 of 36 75
36 75 38 of
37 ( 38 of
38 of 39 these
38 of 40 ,
40 , 43 available
43 available 44 for
43 available 54 .
44 for 45 574
45 574 48 )(and
45 574 51 for
46 subjects 48 )(and
48 )(and 49 followed
48 )(and 50 up
51 for 53 months
52 60 53 months

the ex1f - vntr risk [genotype] was associated with ad in the total sample and at the second [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 5 risk
2 ex1f 3 -
2 ex1f 5 risk
4 vntr 5 risk
5 risk 7 was
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 20 -
8 associated 21 up
9 with 10 ad
10 ad 15 and
11 in 14 sample
11 in 15 and
12 the 14 sample
13 total 14 sample
15 and 16 at
16 at 18 second
17 the 18 second

thus , either long alleles of nos1 ex1f - vntr are protective against disease or conversely , short alleles predispose [to] earlier onset [of] disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 alleles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 alleles
3 either 4 long
4 long 5 alleles
5 alleles 6 of
5 alleles 11 are
6 of 10 vntr
7 nos1 10 vntr
8 ex1f 9 -
8 ex1f 10 vntr
11 are 12 protective
12 protective 13 against
13 against 14 disease
15 or 19 alleles
15 or 20 predispose
16 conversely 17 ,
16 conversely 19 alleles
18 short 19 alleles
19 alleles 20 predispose
20 predispose 25 disease
22 earlier 23 onset
23 onset 25 disease

as demonstrated , ex1f - vntr interacted with the apolipoprotein e ε4 risk allele ( or in the presence of [both] risk alleles 3.63 ; 95 % ci : 1.45 - 9.12 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vntr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 interacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 as 2 demonstrated
1 as 6 vntr
2 demonstrated 3 ,
4 ex1f 5 -
4 ex1f 6 vntr
6 vntr 7 interacted
7 interacted 8 with
8 with 14 allele
9 the 14 allele
10 apolipoprotein 11 e
10 apolipoprotein 14 allele
12 ε4 14 allele
13 risk 14 allele
14 allele 16 or
15 ( 16 or
16 or 17 in
16 or 20 of
16 or 25 ;
17 in 19 presence
18 the 19 presence
20 of 23 alleles
22 risk 23 alleles
23 alleles 24 3.63
25 ; 28 ci
25 ; 29 :
26 95 28 ci
27 % 28 ci
29 : 30 1.45
30 1.45 32 9.12
31 - 32 9.12
32 9.12 33 )

these findings provide further evidence for an association of nos1 with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 provide
3 provide 5 evidence
3 provide 11 with
4 further 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 for
6 for 8 association
7 an 8 association
8 association 9 of
9 of 10 nos1
11 with 12 ad

the objective was to study the association between cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) levels of amyloid - β ( aβ ) ( 1 - 42 ) , t - tau , [and] p - tau and cognitive performance along the alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) [continuum] from healthy subjects to ad patients and , specifically , among patients in the pre - dementia stage of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 24 -
3 was 29 -
4 to 5 study
5 study 7 association
5 study 8 between
6 the 7 association
8 between 14 levels
9 cerebrospinal 14 levels
10 fluid 12 csf
10 fluid 13 )
10 fluid 14 levels
11 ( 12 csf
12 csf 13 )
14 levels 15 of
15 of 18 β
16 amyloid 17 -
16 amyloid 18 β
18 β 20 aβ
19 ( 20 aβ
20 aβ 21 )
22 ( 24 -
23 1 24 -
24 - 25 42
24 - 26 )
27 , 29 -
28 t 29 -
29 - 30 tau
29 - 69 .
30 tau 34 -
31 , 34 -
33 p 34 -
34 - 36 and
34 - 69 .
35 tau 36 and
36 and 38 performance
36 and 46 )
36 and 48 from
37 cognitive 38 performance
38 performance 39 along
39 along 43 disease
40 the 41 alzheimer
41 alzheimer 42 's
42 's 43 disease
43 disease 45 ad
44 ( 45 ad
45 ad 46 )
48 from 50 subjects
49 healthy 50 subjects
50 subjects 54 and
51 to 53 patients
51 to 54 and
52 ad 53 patients
54 and 56 specifically
54 and 58 among
55 , 56 specifically
56 specifically 57 ,
58 among 59 patients
59 patients 60 in
59 patients 66 of
60 in 65 stage
61 the 65 stage
62 pre 63 -
62 pre 64 dementia
64 dementia 65 stage
66 of 68 disease
67 the 68 disease

a total of 101 subjects were studied : 19 healthy controls ( ctr ) , 17 subjects with subjective memory complaints ( smc ) , 47 with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , and 18 ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 subjects
4 101 5 subjects
6 were 7 studied
8 : 11 controls
8 : 15 ,
9 19 11 controls
10 healthy 11 controls
11 controls 13 ctr
12 ( 13 ctr
13 ctr 14 )
15 , 35 and
16 17 17 subjects
17 subjects 18 with
17 subjects 35 and
18 with 21 complaints
19 subjective 20 memory
20 memory 21 complaints
21 complaints 23 smc
21 complaints 26 47
22 ( 23 smc
23 smc 24 )
25 , 26 47
26 47 27 with
26 47 32 mci
26 47 33 )
27 with 30 impairment
28 mild 30 impairment
29 cognitive 30 impairment
31 ( 32 mci
32 mci 33 )
34 , 35 and
35 and 38 patients
36 18 38 patients
37 ad 38 patients

only memory performance significantly correlated with csf levels of aβ ( 1 - 42 ) , t - tau , [and] p - tau along the ad [continuum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
1 only 3 performance
2 memory 3 performance
3 performance 5 correlated
4 significantly 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
5 correlated 13 -
5 correlated 18 -
5 correlated 23 -
6 with 8 levels
7 csf 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 10 aβ
11 ( 13 -
12 1 13 -
13 - 14 42
13 - 15 )
16 , 18 -
17 t 18 -
18 - 19 tau
18 - 20 ,
20 , 23 -
22 p 23 -
23 - 24 tau
23 - 29 .
24 tau 25 along
25 along 27 ad
26 the 27 ad

subgroup analyses revealed that in smc patients aβ ( 1 - 42 ) levels positively correlated with the total recall score of the free and cued selective reminding test ( fcrst ) ( r = 0.666 [;] p < 0.005 [ )( digit span ( r = 0.752 [;] p < 0.005 ) , [and] cerad world list learning ( r = 0.697 [;] p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
1 subgroup 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
3 revealed 5 in
5 in 8 aβ
6 smc 7 patients
7 patients 8 aβ
8 aβ 14 levels
8 aβ 16 correlated
9 ( 11 -
10 1 11 -
11 - 12 42
11 - 13 )
11 - 14 levels
14 levels 16 correlated
15 positively 16 correlated
16 correlated 17 with
17 with 25 and
18 the 21 score
19 total 21 score
20 recall 21 score
21 score 22 of
21 score 25 and
22 of 24 free
23 the 24 free
25 and 29 test
25 and 31 fcrst
25 and 35 =
26 cued 27 selective
27 selective 28 reminding
28 reminding 29 test
30 ( 31 fcrst
31 fcrst 32 )
33 ( 35 =
34 r 35 =
35 = 36 0.666
36 0.666 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 44 span
40 0.005 44 span
43 digit 44 span
44 span 47 =
45 ( 47 =
46 r 47 =
47 = 48 0.752
48 0.752 51 <
48 0.752 58 list
50 p 51 <
51 < 52 0.005
51 < 53 )
54 , 58 list
56 cerad 58 list
57 world 58 list
58 list 59 learning
58 list 62 =
58 list 66 <
58 list 69 .
60 ( 62 =
61 r 62 =
62 = 63 0.697
65 p 66 <
66 < 67 0.005
66 < 68 )

in [mci] patients , a significant inverse correlation was found between the word list recall score from the cerad and [t] [-] tau ( r = - 0.483 [;] p < 0.005 [ )( [p] [-] tau levels ( r = - 0.495 [;] p < 0.005 ) , as well as between the total recall subtest score from the fcrst and both [t] - tau ( r = - 0.420 [;] p < 0.005 ) [and] [p] - tau levels ( r = - 0.422 [;] p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
1 in 3 patients
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 correlation
5 a 6 significant
5 a 8 correlation
6 significant 8 correlation
7 inverse 8 correlation
8 correlation 9 was
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 between
11 between 16 score
12 the 16 score
13 word 14 list
14 list 15 recall
15 recall 16 score
16 score 17 from
17 from 20 and
18 the 19 cerad
19 cerad 20 and
20 and 23 tau
20 and 26 =
20 and 31 <
24 ( 26 =
25 r 26 =
26 = 28 0.483
27 - 28 0.483
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.005
32 0.005 37 tau
32 0.005 38 levels
37 tau 38 levels
38 levels 42 -
38 levels 50 as
39 ( 42 -
40 r 41 =
41 = 42 -
42 - 43 0.495
42 - 49 ,
43 0.495 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 0.005
46 < 48 )
50 as 62 and
51 well 52 as
51 well 59 from
51 well 62 and
52 as 53 between
53 between 58 score
54 the 58 score
55 total 56 recall
56 recall 57 subtest
57 subtest 58 score
59 from 61 fcrst
60 the 61 fcrst
62 and 63 both
62 and 65 -
62 and 70 -
65 - 70 -
66 tau 69 =
67 ( 69 =
68 r 69 =
69 = 70 -
70 - 71 0.420
71 0.420 74 <
71 0.420 81 levels
73 p 74 <
74 < 75 0.005
74 < 76 )
79 - 81 levels
80 tau 81 levels
81 levels 85 -
81 levels 92 .
82 ( 85 -
83 r 84 =
84 = 85 -
85 - 86 0.422
85 - 92 .
86 0.422 89 <
88 p 89 <
89 < 90 0.005
89 < 91 )

no significant correlations were found between other aspects of cognition and csf levels in ctr or ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 no 3 correlations
2 significant 3 correlations
3 correlations 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 between
6 between 8 aspects
7 other 8 aspects
8 aspects 9 of
9 of 10 cognition
11 and 12 csf
11 and 13 levels
12 csf 13 levels
13 levels 14 in
14 in 16 or
15 ctr 16 or
16 or 18 patients
17 ad 18 patients

these results indicate that memory performance is related to aβ ( 1 - 42 ) levels in smc , while it is associated with tau in the prodromal stage of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 memory
4 that 8 related
5 memory 6 performance
5 memory 7 is
5 memory 8 related
6 performance 7 is
8 related 9 to
8 related 20 while
8 related 33 .
9 to 16 levels
10 aβ 16 levels
11 ( 13 -
12 1 13 -
13 - 14 42
13 - 15 )
13 - 16 levels
16 levels 17 in
17 in 18 smc
19 , 20 while
20 while 21 it
20 while 23 associated
20 while 33 .
21 it 22 is
22 is 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
23 associated 26 in
24 with 25 tau
26 in 29 stage
27 the 29 stage
28 prodromal 29 stage
29 stage 30 of
30 of 32 disease
31 the 32 disease

this suggests [that] in the [continuum] [from] healthy aging to ad , memory performance is first related with aβ ( 1 - 42 ) levels and then with t - [tau] [or] p [-] tau , before becoming independent of biomarker levels in the dementia stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 4 in
2 suggests 12 ,
4 in 9 aging
5 the 9 aging
8 healthy 9 aging
9 aging 10 to
10 to 11 ad
12 , 17 related
13 memory 14 performance
14 performance 15 is
15 is 16 first
15 is 17 related
17 related 26 and
18 with 25 levels
18 with 26 and
19 aβ 25 levels
20 ( 22 -
21 1 22 -
22 - 23 42
22 - 24 )
22 - 25 levels
26 and 27 then
26 and 28 with
28 with 35 tau
29 t 30 -
30 - 33 p
30 - 35 tau
35 tau 37 before
36 , 37 before
37 before 38 becoming
37 before 47 .
38 becoming 39 independent
38 becoming 43 in
39 independent 40 of
40 of 42 levels
41 biomarker 42 levels
43 in 46 stage
44 the 46 stage
45 dementia 46 stage

the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of medications , their therapeutic and toxic effects are age dependant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 dependant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 pharmacodynamics
2 pharmacodynamics 3 and
3 and 4 pharmacokinetics
3 and 7 ,
3 and 12 effects
3 and 14 age
3 and 15 dependant
4 pharmacokinetics 5 of
5 of 6 medications
8 their 12 effects
9 therapeutic 10 and
10 and 11 toxic
10 and 12 effects
12 effects 13 are
13 are 14 age

in the treatment of old people polypharmacy is widely used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 3 treatment
1 in 8 is
2 the 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 of
4 of 6 people
5 old 6 people
7 polypharmacy 8 is
8 is 10 used
9 widely 10 used

the most common results of polypharmacy are increased adverse drug reactions , drug - drug interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 results
3 common 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 7 are
5 of 6 polypharmacy
7 are 12 ,
8 increased 11 reactions
8 increased 12 ,
9 adverse 10 drug
10 drug 11 reactions
12 , 13 drug
14 - 15 drug
14 - 17 .
15 drug 16 interactions

in this study the use of different medications at the departments of general medicine and cardiology ( tbilisi republic hospital ) was analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 5 use
2 this 3 study
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
5 use 9 at
5 use 22 was
6 of 8 medications
7 different 8 medications
9 at 15 and
10 the 11 departments
11 departments 12 of
11 departments 15 and
12 of 14 medicine
13 general 14 medicine
15 and 16 cardiology
16 cardiology 20 hospital
17 ( 20 hospital
18 tbilisi 19 republic
19 republic 20 hospital
20 hospital 21 )
22 was 23 analyzed

[the] case histories ( 1995 , 2000 and 2005 [ )(of 1708 patients were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 case 3 histories
3 histories 5 1995
4 ( 5 1995
5 1995 6 ,
6 , 8 and
6 , 15 studied
7 2000 8 and
8 and 9 2005
8 and 11 )(of
8 and 14 were
11 )(of 13 patients
12 1708 13 patients
14 were 15 studied

it was found that in 2005 the number of 60 years and older patients has doubled comparably with 1995 , but the number of 24 - 44 years old patients remained almost the same . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 5 in
5 in 6 2005
6 2005 8 number
6 2005 16 doubled
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 15 has
9 of 14 patients
10 60 11 years
11 years 12 and
12 and 13 older
12 and 14 patients
15 has 16 doubled
16 doubled 17 comparably
16 doubled 18 with
18 with 19 1995
20 , 21 but
21 but 30 patients
21 but 31 remained
22 the 23 number
23 number 24 of
23 number 30 patients
24 of 30 patients
25 24 26 -
26 - 27 44
26 - 30 patients
27 44 28 years
28 years 30 patients
29 old 30 patients
30 patients 31 remained
31 remained 34 same
32 almost 34 same
33 the 34 same

the complication rate was higher in elderly as compared [with] younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 rate
2 complication 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 5 higher
5 higher 6 in
6 in 12 patients
7 elderly 12 patients
8 as 9 compared
9 compared 12 patients
11 younger 12 patients

it was found that in treatment of elderly population hypotensive drugs , diuretics and cardiac glycosides are used excessively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 4 that
3 found 5 in
5 in 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 of
7 of 11 drugs
8 elderly 9 population
9 population 11 drugs
10 hypotensive 11 drugs
12 , 14 and
12 , 18 used
13 diuretics 14 and
14 and 16 glycosides
14 and 17 are
15 cardiac 16 glycosides
17 are 18 used
18 used 19 excessively

in the case of excess use of antihypertension medications there is a big risk of developing arterial hypotension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 case
1 in 10 there
2 the 3 case
3 case 4 of
4 of 6 use
5 excess 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 9 medications
8 antihypertension 9 medications
10 there 11 is
11 is 14 risk
12 a 13 big
12 a 14 risk
13 big 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 16 developing
16 developing 18 hypotension
17 arterial 18 hypotension

in old people it may lead to orthostatic hypotension , in youth - to dizziness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 people
1 in 4 it
2 old 3 people
4 it 5 may
5 may 6 lead
6 lead 7 to
6 lead 14 to
7 to 9 hypotension
8 orthostatic 9 hypotension
9 hypotension 11 in
10 , 11 in
11 in 12 youth
11 in 13 -
14 to 15 dizziness

the frequent use of diuretics in old people may be accompanied with dehydration and risk of developing thromb formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 use
2 frequent 3 use
3 use 4 of
3 use 9 may
4 of 5 diuretics
5 diuretics 6 in
6 in 8 people
7 old 8 people
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 accompanied
11 accompanied 12 with
12 with 14 and
13 dehydration 14 and
14 and 15 risk
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 developing
17 developing 19 formation
18 thromb 19 formation

hyponatraemia , hypokalaemia , hypomagnesemia lead [to] heart rhythm disturbances and risk of glycoside intoxication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 hyponatraemia 2 ,
2 , 3 hypokalaemia
2 , 4 ,
4 , 10 disturbances
4 , 11 and
5 hypomagnesemia 6 lead
6 lead 10 disturbances
8 heart 10 disturbances
9 rhythm 10 disturbances
11 and 12 risk
11 and 13 of
13 of 15 intoxication
14 glycoside 15 intoxication

in old people the therapeutical doses of diuretics depend [not] only on their biological activity , but also on the ability of their absorption from the gastrointestinal tract [,] on the organism 's resistance and in the case of repeated intake on their cumulation quality and extraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 doses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 in 3 people
1 in 6 doses
2 old 3 people
4 the 6 doses
5 therapeutical 6 doses
6 doses 7 of
6 doses 9 depend
7 of 8 diuretics
9 depend 11 only
9 depend 42 on
11 only 17 but
12 on 15 activity
12 on 17 but
13 their 15 activity
14 biological 15 activity
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 also
17 but 19 on
19 on 21 ability
20 the 21 ability
21 ability 22 of
22 of 24 absorption
23 their 24 absorption
24 absorption 25 from
24 absorption 35 and
25 from 28 tract
26 the 28 tract
27 gastrointestinal 28 tract
30 on 34 resistance
30 on 35 and
31 the 32 organism
32 organism 33 's
33 's 34 resistance
35 and 36 in
36 in 38 case
37 the 38 case
38 case 39 of
39 of 41 intake
40 repeated 41 intake
42 on 46 and
43 their 45 quality
44 cumulation 45 quality
45 quality 46 and
46 and 47 extraction

recent reports have shown that statin ( hmg - coa reductase inhibitors ) may have the potential to inhibit inflammatory arthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 recent 2 reports
2 reports 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 6 statin
5 that 15 have
6 statin 8 hmg
6 statin 12 inhibitors
6 statin 14 may
7 ( 8 hmg
8 hmg 9 -
9 - 12 inhibitors
10 coa 12 inhibitors
11 reductase 12 inhibitors
12 inhibitors 13 )
14 may 15 have
15 have 17 potential
15 have 18 to
16 the 17 potential
18 to 19 inhibit
19 inhibit 21 arthritis
20 inflammatory 21 arthritis

more recently , the idea that chondrocyte aging is closely associated with the progression of cartilage degeneration has been promulgated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 idea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 promulgated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 more 2 recently
2 recently 3 ,
2 recently 5 idea
4 the 5 idea
5 idea 6 that
5 idea 18 has
6 that 7 chondrocyte
6 that 11 associated
7 chondrocyte 8 aging
7 chondrocyte 9 is
9 is 11 associated
10 closely 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 progression
13 the 14 progression
14 progression 15 of
15 of 17 degeneration
16 cartilage 17 degeneration
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 promulgated

here , we demonstrate the potential of statin as protective agents against chondrocyte aging and degeneration of articular cartilage during the progression of osteoarthritis ( oa ) , [both] in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 6 potential
4 demonstrate 9 as
4 demonstrate 32 and
5 the 6 potential
6 potential 7 of
7 of 8 statin
9 as 15 and
10 protective 11 agents
11 agents 12 against
11 agents 15 and
12 against 13 chondrocyte
13 chondrocyte 14 aging
15 and 16 degeneration
15 and 28 ,
16 degeneration 17 of
17 of 19 cartilage
18 articular 19 cartilage
19 cartilage 20 during
19 cartilage 23 of
20 during 22 progression
21 the 22 progression
23 of 24 osteoarthritis
24 osteoarthritis 26 oa
25 ( 26 oa
26 oa 27 )
30 in 31 vitro
31 vitro 32 and
32 and 34 vivo
33 in 34 vivo

the oa - related catabolic factor , il - 1β induced marked downregulation of cellular activity , expression of a senescent biomarker , specific senescence - associated β - galactosidase activity and shortening of the cellular lifespan in chondrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 1β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 oa
3 - 6 factor
3 - 7 ,
4 related 6 factor
5 catabolic 6 factor
7 , 10 1β
8 il 9 -
8 il 10 1β
10 1β 32 and
10 1β 38 in
11 induced 13 downregulation
12 marked 13 downregulation
13 downregulation 14 of
13 downregulation 17 ,
14 of 16 activity
15 cellular 16 activity
17 , 18 expression
17 , 32 and
18 expression 19 of
19 of 31 activity
20 a 21 senescent
20 a 31 activity
21 senescent 30 galactosidase
22 biomarker 25 senescence
22 biomarker 30 galactosidase
23 , 25 senescence
24 specific 25 senescence
25 senescence 28 β
25 senescence 29 -
26 - 28 β
27 associated 28 β
28 β 29 -
30 galactosidase 31 activity
32 and 33 shortening
32 and 34 of
34 of 37 lifespan
35 the 37 lifespan
36 cellular 37 lifespan
38 in 39 chondrocytes

in contrast , treatment with statin inhibited the il - 1β - induced production of cartilage matrix degrading [.] enzymes ( metalloprotease - 1 and - 13 ) and cellular senescence [in] of chondrocytes in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 with
4 treatment 7 inhibited
5 with 6 statin
7 inhibited 29 and
7 inhibited 36 vitro
8 the 14 production
9 il 11 1β
9 il 13 induced
10 - 11 1β
11 1β 12 -
13 induced 14 production
14 production 15 of
14 production 29 and
15 of 20 enzymes
16 cartilage 20 enzymes
17 matrix 20 enzymes
18 degrading 20 enzymes
20 enzymes 22 metalloprotease
21 ( 22 metalloprotease
22 metalloprotease 25 and
22 metalloprotease 28 )
23 - 24 1
24 1 25 and
25 and 27 13
26 - 27 13
29 and 31 senescence
29 and 33 of
30 cellular 31 senescence
33 of 34 chondrocytes
35 in 36 vitro

in addition , this statin accelerated the production of cartilage matrix proteoglycan in chondrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 statin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accelerated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 statin
4 this 5 statin
5 statin 6 accelerated
6 accelerated 8 production
6 accelerated 13 in
7 the 8 production
8 production 9 of
9 of 12 proteoglycan
10 cartilage 12 proteoglycan
11 matrix 12 proteoglycan
13 in 14 chondrocytes

[the] in vivo study was performed on the str/ortcrlj mouse , an experimental model which spontaneously develops an osteoarthritic process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
2 in 3 vivo
3 vivo 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 performed
6 performed 7 on
7 on 10 mouse
8 the 10 mouse
9 str/ortcrlj 10 mouse
10 mouse 14 model
11 , 14 model
12 an 13 experimental
12 an 14 model
13 experimental 14 model
14 model 15 which
14 model 17 develops
14 model 21 .
15 which 17 develops
16 spontaneously 17 develops
17 develops 20 process
18 an 19 osteoarthritic
18 an 20 process
19 osteoarthritic 20 process

in this mouse model , treatment with statin significantly reduced the degeneration of articular cartilage , while the control knee joints showed progressive cartilage degeneration over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 treatment
2 this 4 model
3 mouse 4 model
6 treatment 7 with
6 treatment 10 reduced
7 with 8 statin
9 significantly 10 reduced
10 reduced 12 degeneration
11 the 12 degeneration
12 degeneration 13 of
13 of 15 cartilage
14 articular 15 cartilage
16 , 21 joints
16 , 22 showed
17 while 19 control
17 while 21 joints
18 the 19 control
20 knee 21 joints
21 joints 22 showed
22 showed 24 cartilage
22 showed 25 degeneration
22 showed 26 over
23 progressive 24 cartilage
26 over 27 time

these findings suggest that statin may have the potential to prevent the catabolic stress - induced chondrocyte disability and aging observed in articular cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 statin
4 that 11 prevent
5 statin 6 may
6 may 7 have
7 have 9 potential
7 have 10 to
8 the 9 potential
10 to 11 prevent
11 prevent 14 stress
12 the 14 stress
13 catabolic 14 stress
15 - 21 observed
16 induced 18 disability
17 chondrocyte 18 disability
18 disability 19 and
19 and 20 aging
19 and 21 observed
21 observed 22 in
21 observed 25 .
22 in 24 cartilage
23 articular 24 cartilage

our results indicate that statin are potential therapeutic agents for protection of articular cartilage against the progression of oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 statin
4 that 6 are
5 statin 6 are
6 are 9 agents
7 potential 9 agents
8 therapeutic 9 agents
9 agents 10 for
9 agents 12 of
9 agents 18 of
10 for 11 protection
12 of 14 cartilage
13 articular 14 cartilage
14 cartilage 15 against
15 against 17 progression
16 the 17 progression
18 of 19 oa

background : in this study , the authors investigate gender - specific effects of childhood socio - economic position [(] sep ) on adiposity and blood pressure at three time points in adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 8 authors
6 , 25 and
7 the 8 authors
8 authors 25 and
9 investigate 10 gender
9 investigate 23 on
9 investigate 25 and
10 gender 13 effects
11 - 13 effects
12 specific 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
13 effects 22 )
14 of 16 socio
15 childhood 16 socio
16 socio 21 sep
17 - 21 sep
18 economic 21 sep
19 position 21 sep
21 sep 22 )
23 on 24 adiposity
25 and 26 blood
26 blood 27 pressure
27 pressure 28 at
28 at 31 points
29 three 31 points
30 time 31 points
31 points 32 in
32 in 33 adulthood

methods : mixed models were used to assess the association of childhood sep with body mass index [(] bmi [ )(, waist circumference [,] systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) and diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) at ages 36 , [43] and 53 years in a british birth cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 : 3 mixed
2 : 8 assess
3 mixed 5 were
3 mixed 7 to
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 31 and
8 assess 38 at
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 of
10 association 31 and
11 of 13 sep
12 childhood 13 sep
13 sep 14 with
14 with 19 bmi
15 body 17 index
16 mass 17 index
17 index 19 bmi
19 bmi 27 pressure
21 )(, 27 pressure
22 waist 23 circumference
23 circumference 26 blood
25 systolic 26 blood
26 blood 27 pressure
27 pressure 29 sbp
27 pressure 30 )
28 ( 29 sbp
29 sbp 30 )
31 and 34 pressure
31 and 36 dbp
32 diastolic 33 blood
33 blood 34 pressure
35 ( 36 dbp
36 dbp 37 )
38 at 43 and
39 ages 40 36
39 ages 43 and
41 , 43 and
43 and 45 years
43 and 46 in
44 53 45 years
46 in 50 cohort
47 a 50 cohort
48 british 50 cohort
49 birth 50 cohort

childhood sep inequalities in dbp were stable with age in both men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inequalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 childhood 2 sep
2 sep 3 inequalities
3 inequalities 4 in
3 inequalities 6 were
4 in 5 dbp
6 were 7 stable
7 stable 8 with
8 with 13 and
9 age 10 in
9 age 13 and
10 in 12 men
11 both 12 men
13 and 14 women

educational attainment mediated some but not all of the effects of childhood sep on adiposity and sbp , and their rate of change ; adult social class was a less important mediator . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attainment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 educational 2 attainment
2 attainment 3 mediated
3 mediated 4 some
3 mediated 5 but
5 but 6 not
5 but 10 effects
7 all 8 of
7 all 10 effects
8 of 10 effects
9 the 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 13 sep
12 childhood 13 sep
13 sep 14 on
13 sep 22 of
14 on 19 and
15 adiposity 16 and
16 and 17 sbp
16 and 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 rate
20 their 21 rate
22 of 23 change
24 ; 27 class
24 ; 28 was
25 adult 27 class
26 social 27 class
27 class 28 was
28 was 32 mediator
29 a 32 mediator
30 less 31 important
31 important 32 mediator

conclusion : childhood sep is important for adult adiposity and blood pressure across midlife , especially for bmi in women and for blood pressure in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sep
2 : 5 is
2 : 27 .
3 childhood 4 sep
4 sep 5 is
5 is 6 important
6 important 7 for
6 important 16 especially
6 important 25 in
7 for 10 and
8 adult 9 adiposity
9 adiposity 10 and
10 and 12 pressure
10 and 15 ,
11 blood 12 pressure
12 pressure 13 across
13 across 14 midlife
16 especially 17 for
17 for 18 bmi
18 bmi 21 and
19 in 20 women
19 in 21 and
21 and 22 for
22 for 24 pressure
23 blood 24 pressure
25 in 26 men

thus , pathways to adult health differ for men and women , and public health policies aimed at reducing social inequalities need to start early in life and take account [of] gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 pathways
3 pathways 4 to
3 pathways 7 differ
4 to 6 health
5 adult 6 health
7 differ 8 for
8 for 9 men
10 and 13 and
10 and 17 aimed
11 women 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 policies
13 and 17 aimed
14 public 15 health
15 health 16 policies
17 aimed 18 at
17 aimed 23 to
17 aimed 28 and
18 at 19 reducing
19 reducing 22 need
20 social 21 inequalities
21 inequalities 22 need
23 to 28 and
24 start 25 early
24 start 26 in
24 start 28 and
26 in 27 life
28 and 29 take
28 and 32 gender
30 account 32 gender

a useful understanding of the relationship between age , actuarial scores , and sexual recidivism can be obtained by comparing the entries in equivalent cells from " age - stratified " actuarial tables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 3 understanding
2 useful 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 16 can
4 of 6 relationship
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
7 between 13 and
8 age 9 ,
9 , 11 scores
9 , 13 and
10 actuarial 11 scores
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 recidivism
14 sexual 15 recidivism
16 can 17 be
17 be 18 obtained
18 obtained 19 by
18 obtained 23 in
18 obtained 26 from
19 by 20 comparing
20 comparing 22 entries
21 the 22 entries
23 in 25 cells
24 equivalent 25 cells
26 from 27 "
26 from 28 age
29 - 33 tables
30 stratified 31 "
30 stratified 33 tables
32 actuarial 33 tables

the mats - 1 validates the " age invariance effect " that the risk of sexual recidivism declines with advancing age and shows that age - restricted tables underestimate risk for younger offenders and overestimate risk for older offenders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mats
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 mats
3 - 4 1
3 - 5 validates
3 - 26 -
4 1 5 validates
5 validates 10 effect
5 validates 19 with
6 the 7 "
6 the 10 effect
8 age 10 effect
9 invariance 10 effect
10 effect 11 "
10 effect 12 that
10 effect 18 declines
12 that 14 risk
12 that 18 declines
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
14 risk 18 declines
15 of 17 recidivism
16 sexual 17 recidivism
19 with 22 and
20 advancing 21 age
21 age 22 and
22 and 23 shows
22 and 24 that
22 and 25 age
24 that 25 age
26 - 28 tables
26 - 34 and
27 restricted 28 tables
28 tables 34 and
29 underestimate 30 risk
29 underestimate 31 for
29 underestimate 34 and
31 for 33 offenders
32 younger 33 offenders
34 and 35 overestimate
34 and 37 for
35 overestimate 36 risk
37 for 39 offenders
38 older 39 offenders

based on data from more than 9,000 sex offenders , our conclusion is that evaluators should report recidivism estimates from age - stratified tables when they are assessing sexual recidivism risk , particularly when evaluating the aging sex offender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 10 ,
1 based 12 conclusion
2 on 3 data
3 data 4 from
4 from 9 offenders
5 more 6 than
6 than 7 9,000
7 9,000 9 offenders
8 sex 9 offenders
11 our 12 conclusion
12 conclusion 13 is
13 is 14 that
14 that 15 evaluators
14 that 17 report
15 evaluators 16 should
16 should 17 report
17 report 19 estimates
17 report 33 particularly
18 recidivism 19 estimates
19 estimates 20 from
20 from 21 age
21 age 24 tables
22 - 24 tables
23 stratified 24 tables
24 tables 25 when
24 tables 32 ,
25 when 26 they
25 when 27 are
26 they 27 are
27 are 28 assessing
28 assessing 31 risk
29 sexual 30 recidivism
30 recidivism 31 risk
33 particularly 34 when
34 when 35 evaluating
35 evaluating 39 offender
36 the 39 offender
37 aging 39 offender
38 sex 39 offender

[none] wound healing within the oral mucosa results in minimal scar formation compared with wounds within the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 wound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 wound 3 healing
2 wound 4 within
2 wound 8 results
4 within 7 mucosa
5 the 7 mucosa
6 oral 7 mucosa
8 results 9 in
8 results 14 with
8 results 16 within
9 in 12 formation
10 minimal 11 scar
11 scar 12 formation
12 formation 13 compared
14 with 15 wounds
16 within 18 skin
17 the 18 skin

we have recently demonstrated distinct differences in the aging profiles of cells ( oral mucosal and patient - matched skin fibroblasts ) isolated from these tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 demonstrated
3 recently 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 6 differences
4 demonstrated 7 in
4 demonstrated 24 from
5 distinct 6 differences
7 in 10 profiles
8 the 10 profiles
9 aging 10 profiles
10 profiles 11 of
10 profiles 23 isolated
11 of 12 cells
12 cells 21 fibroblasts
13 ( 21 fibroblasts
14 oral 21 fibroblasts
15 mucosal 16 and
16 and 20 skin
16 and 21 fibroblasts
17 patient 18 -
17 patient 20 skin
19 matched 20 skin
21 fibroblasts 22 )
24 from 26 tissues
25 these 26 tissues

we hypothesized that the increased replicative potential of oral mucosal fibroblasts may confer upon them preferential wound [-] healing capacities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 7 potential
3 that 13 confer
4 the 7 potential
5 increased 7 potential
6 replicative 7 potential
7 potential 8 of
7 potential 12 may
8 of 11 fibroblasts
9 oral 11 fibroblasts
10 mucosal 11 fibroblasts
12 may 13 confer
13 confer 14 upon
13 confer 20 capacities
14 upon 15 them
16 preferential 17 wound
17 wound 19 healing
19 healing 20 capacities

passage - matched early cultures of oral mucosal fibroblasts and skin fibroblasts demonstrated distinct gene expression profiles , with several genes linked to wound healing/tissue repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 demonstrated
1 passage 2 -
1 passage 10 and
3 matched 5 cultures
4 early 5 cultures
5 cultures 6 of
5 cultures 10 and
6 of 9 fibroblasts
7 oral 9 fibroblasts
8 mucosal 9 fibroblasts
10 and 12 fibroblasts
10 and 13 demonstrated
11 skin 12 fibroblasts
13 demonstrated 17 profiles
13 demonstrated 19 with
14 distinct 15 gene
15 gene 17 profiles
16 expression 17 profiles
18 , 19 with
19 with 21 genes
19 with 22 linked
19 with 27 .
20 several 21 genes
22 linked 23 to
23 to 26 repair
24 wound 26 repair
25 healing/tissue 26 repair

this was related to an increased ability of the ['] [replicatively] younger ['] oral mucosal fibroblasts to repopulate a wound space and reorganize their surrounding extracellular matrix environment , key activities during the wound - healing process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 related
3 related 4 to
4 to 7 ability
5 an 7 ability
6 increased 7 ability
7 ability 8 of
7 ability 17 to
7 ability 22 and
8 of 16 fibroblasts
9 the 16 fibroblasts
12 younger 16 fibroblasts
14 oral 16 fibroblasts
15 mucosal 16 fibroblasts
17 to 22 and
18 repopulate 21 space
18 repopulate 22 and
19 a 21 space
20 wound 21 space
22 and 23 reorganize
22 and 37 process
23 reorganize 28 environment
24 their 28 environment
25 surrounding 28 environment
26 extracellular 27 matrix
27 matrix 28 environment
28 environment 31 activities
29 , 31 activities
30 key 31 activities
31 activities 32 during
31 activities 35 -
32 during 34 wound
33 the 34 wound
36 healing 37 process

we conclude that oral mucosal fibroblasts exhibit a preferential healing response in vivo , due to their ['] [replicatively] younger ['] phenotype when compared with that of patient - matched skin fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 4 oral
3 that 4 oral
4 oral 6 fibroblasts
4 oral 7 exhibit
4 oral 15 due
5 mucosal 6 fibroblasts
6 fibroblasts 7 exhibit
7 exhibit 11 response
7 exhibit 13 vivo
8 a 9 preferential
8 a 11 response
9 preferential 11 response
10 healing 11 response
12 in 13 vivo
14 , 15 due
15 due 16 to
15 due 23 when
15 due 33 .
16 to 22 phenotype
17 their 22 phenotype
20 younger 22 phenotype
23 when 24 compared
24 compared 25 with
25 with 26 that
26 that 27 of
27 of 32 fibroblasts
28 patient 29 -
28 patient 31 skin
30 matched 31 skin
31 skin 32 fibroblasts

aging is associated with the functional decline of cells , tissues , and organs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 7 decline
5 the 7 decline
6 functional 7 decline
7 decline 8 of
8 of 13 and
9 cells 10 ,
10 , 11 tissues
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 organs

at the same time , age is the single most important prognostic factor in the development of most human cancers , including chronic myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic leukemias initiated by bcr - abl oncogenic translocations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
1 at 4 time
1 at 5 ,
1 at 6 age
2 the 3 same
2 the 4 time
6 age 7 is
7 is 13 factor
7 is 14 in
7 is 22 including
8 the 13 factor
9 single 13 factor
10 most 11 important
11 important 13 factor
12 prognostic 13 factor
14 in 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 20 cancers
18 most 19 human
19 human 20 cancers
21 , 22 including
22 including 28 leukemias
22 including 30 by
22 including 36 .
23 chronic 28 leukemias
24 myelogenous 25 and
25 and 26 acute
25 and 28 leukemias
27 lymphoblastic 28 leukemias
28 leukemias 29 initiated
30 by 31 bcr
31 bcr 35 translocations
32 - 35 translocations
33 abl 35 translocations
34 oncogenic 35 translocations
35 translocations 36 .

prevailing paradigms attribute the association between aging and cancers to the accumulation of oncogenic mutations over time , because the accrual [of] oncogenic events [is] thought to be the rate [-] limiting step in initiation and progression of cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paradigms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 attribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 prevailing 2 paradigms
2 paradigms 3 attribute
3 attribute 36 and
4 the 5 association
5 association 6 between
5 association 10 to
5 association 13 of
5 association 36 and
6 between 8 and
7 aging 8 and
8 and 9 cancers
10 to 12 accumulation
11 the 12 accumulation
13 of 15 mutations
14 oncogenic 15 mutations
15 mutations 16 over
16 over 17 time
17 time 27 to
17 time 28 be
18 , 26 thought
19 because 24 events
20 the 24 events
21 accrual 24 events
23 oncogenic 24 events
24 events 26 thought
26 thought 27 to
27 to 28 be
28 be 33 step
29 the 33 step
30 rate 33 step
32 limiting 33 step
33 step 34 in
34 in 35 initiation
36 and 37 progression
36 and 38 of
38 of 39 cancers

conversely , aging [-] associated functional decline caused by both cell [-] autonomous and [non] [-] cell - autonomous mechanisms is likely to reduce the fitness of stem [and] progenitor cell populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 3 aging
3 aging 5 associated
3 aging 9 by
3 aging 21 is
5 associated 8 caused
6 functional 7 decline
7 decline 8 caused
9 by 20 mechanisms
10 both 20 mechanisms
11 cell 20 mechanisms
13 autonomous 14 and
14 and 17 cell
14 and 18 -
14 and 20 mechanisms
19 autonomous 20 mechanisms
21 is 22 likely
22 likely 23 to
22 likely 24 reduce
23 to 24 reduce
24 reduce 26 fitness
25 the 26 fitness
26 fitness 27 of
27 of 32 populations
28 stem 32 populations
30 progenitor 32 populations
31 cell 32 populations

this reduction in fitness should be conducive for increased selection of oncogenic mutations that can [at] [least] partially alleviate fitness defects , thereby promoting the initiation of cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
1 this 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 in
2 reduction 5 should
3 in 4 fitness
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 conducive
7 conducive 8 for
8 for 10 selection
9 increased 10 selection
10 selection 11 of
10 selection 14 that
10 selection 15 can
11 of 13 mutations
12 oncogenic 13 mutations
14 that 15 can
15 can 19 alleviate
18 partially 19 alleviate
19 alleviate 21 defects
20 fitness 21 defects
21 defects 24 promoting
22 , 24 promoting
23 thereby 24 promoting
24 promoting 26 initiation
24 promoting 29 .
25 the 26 initiation
26 initiation 27 of
27 of 28 cancers

we tested this hypothesis using mouse hematopoietic models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 4 hypothesis
3 this 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 using
5 using 8 models
6 mouse 8 models
7 hematopoietic 8 models

our studies indicate that the dramatic decline in the fitness of aged [b] - lymphopoiesis coincides with altered receptor [-] associated kinase signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 studies
2 studies 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 7 decline
4 that 16 coincides
5 the 7 decline
6 dramatic 7 decline
7 decline 8 in
7 decline 16 coincides
8 in 10 fitness
9 the 10 fitness
10 fitness 11 of
11 of 15 lymphopoiesis
12 aged 14 -
12 aged 15 lymphopoiesis
16 coincides 17 with
17 with 23 signaling
18 altered 19 receptor
19 receptor 21 associated
21 associated 22 kinase
22 kinase 23 signaling

we further show that bcr - abl provides a much greater competitive advantage to old b - lymphoid progenitors compared with young progenitors , coinciding with restored kinase signaling pathways , and that this enhanced competitive advantage translates into increased promotion [of] bcr - abl - driven leukemias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 translates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 we 3 show
2 further 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 5 bcr
6 - 7 abl
6 - 8 provides
7 abl 8 provides
8 provides 13 advantage
8 provides 26 with
9 a 10 much
9 a 13 advantage
10 much 11 greater
11 greater 13 advantage
12 competitive 13 advantage
13 advantage 14 to
13 advantage 25 coinciding
14 to 15 old
15 old 16 b
15 old 19 progenitors
17 - 19 progenitors
18 lymphoid 19 progenitors
19 progenitors 20 compared
19 progenitors 24 ,
20 compared 21 with
21 with 23 progenitors
22 young 23 progenitors
26 with 32 and
27 restored 28 kinase
28 kinase 30 pathways
29 signaling 30 pathways
30 pathways 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 that
32 and 37 advantage
32 and 38 translates
34 this 35 enhanced
35 enhanced 37 advantage
36 competitive 37 advantage
37 advantage 38 translates
38 translates 39 into
39 into 48 leukemias
40 increased 48 leukemias
41 promotion 47 driven
43 bcr 45 abl
43 bcr 47 driven
44 - 45 abl
45 abl 46 -
47 driven 48 leukemias

moreover , impairing il - 7 - mediated signaling is sufficient to promote selection for bcr - abl - expressing [b] progenitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 signaling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 9 signaling
3 impairing 4 il
3 impairing 7 -
3 impairing 9 signaling
4 il 6 7
5 - 6 7
6 7 7 -
8 mediated 9 signaling
9 signaling 10 is
10 is 11 sufficient
11 sufficient 12 to
11 sufficient 13 promote
12 to 13 promote
13 promote 14 selection
14 selection 15 for
14 selection 20 expressing
15 for 16 bcr
16 bcr 18 abl
17 - 18 abl
18 abl 19 -
20 expressing 22 progenitors

these studies support an unappreciated causative link between aging and cancer : increased selection of oncogenic mutations as a result of age - dependent alterations of the fitness landscape . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 support
3 support 7 link
3 support 8 between
4 an 5 unappreciated
4 an 7 link
5 unappreciated 7 link
6 causative 7 link
8 between 9 aging
10 and 11 cancer
10 and 12 :
11 cancer 12 :
12 : 14 selection
12 : 18 as
13 increased 14 selection
14 selection 15 of
15 of 17 mutations
16 oncogenic 17 mutations
18 as 20 result
19 a 20 result
20 result 21 of
21 of 22 age
22 age 25 alterations
23 - 25 alterations
24 dependent 25 alterations
25 alterations 26 of
25 alterations 30 .
26 of 29 landscape
27 the 29 landscape
28 fitness 29 landscape

we have previously shown that regulatory [t] cells ( treg ) accumulate dramatically in aged animals and negatively impact the ability to control persistent infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 shown
3 previously 4 shown
4 shown 8 cells
4 shown 17 and
5 that 6 regulatory
6 regulatory 8 cells
8 cells 10 treg
8 cells 17 and
9 ( 10 treg
10 treg 11 )
12 accumulate 13 dramatically
12 accumulate 14 in
12 accumulate 17 and
14 in 16 animals
15 aged 16 animals
17 and 19 impact
18 negatively 19 impact
19 impact 21 ability
20 the 21 ability
21 ability 22 to
21 ability 23 control
22 to 23 control
23 control 25 infection
24 persistent 25 infection

however , the mechanisms underlying the age [-] dependent [accrual] of treg remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 underlying
4 mechanisms 13 remain
5 underlying 9 dependent
6 the 9 dependent
7 age 9 dependent
9 dependent 11 of
11 of 12 treg
13 remain 14 unclear

in this study , we show that treg accumulation with age is progressive and likely not the result [of] increased thymic output , increased peripheral proliferation , or [from] enhanced peripheral conversion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 show
6 show 7 that
7 that 9 accumulation
7 that 12 is
8 treg 9 accumulation
9 accumulation 10 with
9 accumulation 12 is
10 with 11 age
12 is 14 and
13 progressive 14 and
14 and 15 likely
16 not 18 result
16 not 20 increased
17 the 18 result
18 result 20 increased
20 increased 28 or
21 thymic 22 output
22 output 23 ,
23 , 26 proliferation
23 , 28 or
24 increased 26 proliferation
25 peripheral 26 proliferation
27 , 28 or
28 or 32 conversion
30 enhanced 32 conversion
31 peripheral 32 conversion

instead , we found that treg from aged mice [are] more resistant to apoptosis than treg from young mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
4 found 6 treg
4 found 7 from
7 from 9 mice
8 aged 9 mice
9 mice 12 resistant
11 more 12 resistant
12 resistant 13 to
12 resistant 15 than
13 to 14 apoptosis
15 than 16 treg
16 treg 17 from
17 from 19 mice
18 young 19 mice

although treg from aged mice had increased expression of functional il - 7rα , we found that il - 7r signaling was not required for maintenance of treg in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 although 2 treg
1 although 7 increased
1 although 14 ,
1 although 15 we
2 treg 3 from
2 treg 6 had
3 from 5 mice
4 aged 5 mice
6 had 7 increased
7 increased 8 expression
8 expression 9 of
8 expression 13 7rα
9 of 11 il
10 functional 11 il
12 - 13 7rα
13 7rα 14 ,
15 we 16 found
16 found 17 that
16 found 18 il
19 - 20 7r
19 - 24 required
19 - 31 .
20 7r 21 signaling
20 7r 22 was
22 was 23 not
22 was 24 required
24 required 25 for
24 required 30 vivo
25 for 26 maintenance
26 maintenance 27 of
27 of 28 treg
29 in 30 vivo

notably , aged treg exhibit decreased expression of the proapoptotic molecule bim compared with treg from young mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 7 expression
3 aged 7 expression
4 treg 6 decreased
5 exhibit 6 decreased
6 decreased 7 expression
7 expression 8 of
7 expression 13 compared
8 of 12 bim
9 the 11 molecule
10 proapoptotic 11 molecule
11 molecule 12 bim
13 compared 14 with
14 with 15 treg
15 treg 16 from
16 from 18 mice
17 young 18 mice

[furthermore] , in the absence of bim , [treg] accumulate rapidly , accounting for >25 [%] of the cd4 [(] [+] [ )(t cell compartment by 6 mo of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 accumulate
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 absence
3 in 8 ,
3 in 10 accumulate
4 the 5 absence
5 absence 6 of
6 of 7 bim
10 accumulate 11 rapidly
10 accumulate 13 accounting
12 , 13 accounting
13 accounting 14 for
13 accounting 26 by
13 accounting 31 .
14 for 15 >25
15 >25 17 of
17 of 25 compartment
18 the 25 compartment
19 cd4 23 )(t
19 cd4 25 compartment
24 cell 25 compartment
26 by 28 mo
27 6 28 mo
28 mo 29 of
29 of 30 age

additionally , [accumulation] of treg in bim - deficient mice occurred after the cells left the transitional recent thymic emigrant compartment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 10 mice
2 , 4 of
4 of 5 treg
4 of 8 -
4 of 10 mice
5 treg 6 in
6 in 7 bim
9 deficient 10 mice
10 mice 11 occurred
11 occurred 12 after
12 after 14 cells
12 after 15 left
13 the 14 cells
14 cells 15 left
15 left 21 compartment
16 the 21 compartment
17 transitional 20 emigrant
18 recent 20 emigrant
19 thymic 20 emigrant
20 emigrant 21 compartment

mechanistically , we show that il [-] 2 drives preferential proliferation and accumulation of bim ( lo ) treg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 mechanistically 2 ,
1 mechanistically 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 11 proliferation
4 show 12 and
5 that 11 proliferation
6 il 8 2
6 il 11 proliferation
9 drives 11 proliferation
10 preferential 11 proliferation
12 and 13 accumulation
12 and 19 treg
13 accumulation 14 of
14 of 15 bim
15 bim 17 lo
16 ( 17 lo
17 lo 18 )

collectively , our data suggest that chronic stimulation by il - 2 leads to preferential expansion of treg having low expression of bim , which favors their survival and accumulation in aged hosts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 stimulation
5 suggest 9 by
6 that 7 chronic
7 chronic 8 stimulation
9 by 10 il
10 il 13 leads
11 - 13 leads
12 2 13 leads
13 leads 14 to
13 leads 17 of
13 leads 22 of
13 leads 24 ,
14 to 16 expansion
15 preferential 16 expansion
17 of 18 treg
18 treg 19 having
19 having 21 expression
20 low 21 expression
22 of 23 bim
24 , 25 which
24 , 26 favors
25 which 26 favors
26 favors 29 and
26 favors 31 in
27 their 29 and
28 survival 29 and
29 and 30 accumulation
31 in 33 hosts
32 aged 33 hosts

objectives : this study assesses whether socioeconomic and demographic differences in reported mobility limitations are attributable to differential perceptions of mobility difficulty that result in the differential use of response categories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 assesses
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 assesses
5 assesses 6 whether
6 whether 10 differences
6 whether 15 are
7 socioeconomic 8 and
8 and 9 demographic
8 and 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 15 are
11 in 14 limitations
12 reported 13 mobility
13 mobility 14 limitations
15 are 16 attributable
16 attributable 17 to
16 attributable 25 in
17 to 19 perceptions
18 differential 19 perceptions
19 perceptions 20 of
19 perceptions 23 that
19 perceptions 24 result
20 of 22 difficulty
21 mobility 22 difficulty
23 that 24 result
25 in 28 use
26 the 28 use
27 differential 28 use
28 use 29 of
29 of 31 categories
30 response 31 categories

methods : data come from the social environment and biomarkers of aging study and its parent study , the taiwan longitudinal study of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 come
3 data 4 come
4 come 5 from
5 from 14 and
6 the 8 environment
7 social 8 environment
8 environment 9 and
9 and 10 biomarkers
9 and 11 of
9 and 14 and
11 of 13 study
12 aging 13 study
14 and 17 study
14 and 22 study
15 its 17 study
16 parent 17 study
18 , 22 study
19 the 22 study
20 taiwan 21 longitudinal
21 longitudinal 22 study
22 study 23 of
22 study 25 .
23 of 24 aging

ordered probit models [with] person - specific cut - points are used to test whether , after controlling for underlying mobility using objective performance measures , cut - points for reporting mobility limitations vary across groups defined by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 person
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 ordered 5 person
2 probit 5 person
3 models 5 person
6 - 8 cut
6 - 9 -
7 specific 8 cut
9 - 10 points
9 - 12 used
10 points 11 are
11 are 12 used
12 used 13 to
13 to 14 test
14 test 15 whether
14 test 38 by
15 whether 29 points
15 whether 34 vary
16 , 17 after
17 after 18 controlling
17 after 28 -
17 after 29 points
18 controlling 19 for
18 controlling 22 using
19 for 20 underlying
20 underlying 21 mobility
22 using 25 measures
22 using 27 cut
23 objective 25 measures
24 performance 25 measures
26 , 27 cut
27 cut 28 -
29 points 30 for
29 points 34 vary
30 for 31 reporting
31 reporting 33 limitations
32 mobility 33 limitations
34 vary 35 across
35 across 36 groups
36 groups 37 defined
38 by 42 characteristics
39 demographic 40 and
40 and 41 socioeconomic
40 and 42 characteristics

results : age is the only characteristic that is consistently associated with the location of the cut - points for reporting mobility difficulty : at the same level of underlying mobility difficulty , older adults are more likely than younger adults are to report difficulty with all tasks except short walks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 age
2 : 4 is
2 : 18 -
2 : 24 :
3 age 4 is
4 is 7 characteristic
5 the 6 only
5 the 7 characteristic
7 characteristic 11 associated
7 characteristic 12 with
8 that 9 is
9 is 11 associated
10 consistently 11 associated
12 with 14 location
13 the 14 location
14 location 15 of
15 of 17 cut
16 the 17 cut
18 - 19 points
19 points 20 for
20 for 23 difficulty
21 reporting 22 mobility
22 mobility 23 difficulty
24 : 35 adults
24 : 36 are
24 : 52 .
25 at 28 level
25 at 33 ,
25 at 35 adults
26 the 27 same
26 the 28 level
28 level 29 of
29 of 30 underlying
30 underlying 32 difficulty
31 mobility 32 difficulty
34 older 35 adults
35 adults 36 are
36 are 38 likely
37 more 38 likely
38 likely 39 than
39 than 41 adults
39 than 49 except
39 than 51 walks
40 younger 41 adults
41 adults 42 are
42 are 43 to
42 are 44 report
43 to 44 report
44 report 45 difficulty
44 report 49 except
45 difficulty 46 with
46 with 48 tasks
47 all 48 tasks
50 short 51 walks

other variables showed differences but only for one specific activity , for example , urban residents are more likely to report difficulty running than are rural residents with the same underlying level of mobility function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 other 2 variables
2 variables 3 showed
3 showed 4 differences
3 showed 10 activity
4 differences 5 but
4 differences 7 for
5 but 6 only
7 for 8 one
9 specific 10 activity
11 , 16 residents
11 , 17 are
11 , 24 than
12 for 13 example
13 example 14 ,
13 example 16 residents
15 urban 16 residents
16 residents 17 are
17 are 19 likely
18 more 19 likely
19 likely 20 to
19 likely 21 report
20 to 21 report
21 report 22 difficulty
22 difficulty 23 running
24 than 25 are
24 than 35 function
25 are 27 residents
25 are 35 function
26 rural 27 residents
27 residents 28 with
28 with 32 level
29 the 30 same
29 the 32 level
31 underlying 32 level
32 level 33 of
33 of 34 mobility

discussion : for most mobility activities , there are no systematic differences in the perception of difficulty by individual characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 6 activities
4 most 6 activities
5 mobility 6 activities
7 , 8 there
7 , 9 are
8 there 9 are
9 are 12 differences
10 no 12 differences
11 systematic 12 differences
12 differences 13 in
12 differences 16 of
13 in 15 perception
14 the 15 perception
16 of 17 difficulty
17 difficulty 18 by
18 by 20 characteristics
19 individual 20 characteristics

thus , for older taiwanese adults , differences in mobility limitations associated with socioeconomic status are more likely to reflect underlying differences in function than differences in [how] these groups report the same capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 8 differences
2 , 3 for
3 for 6 adults
3 for 7 ,
3 for 8 differences
4 older 6 adults
5 taiwanese 6 adults
8 differences 9 in
8 differences 24 function
9 in 10 mobility
10 mobility 11 limitations
10 mobility 23 in
11 limitations 12 associated
11 limitations 16 are
12 associated 13 with
13 with 15 status
14 socioeconomic 15 status
16 are 18 likely
17 more 18 likely
18 likely 19 to
18 likely 20 reflect
19 to 20 reflect
20 reflect 22 differences
20 reflect 23 in
21 underlying 22 differences
24 function 25 than
25 than 26 differences
25 than 31 report
25 than 34 capacity
26 differences 27 in
26 differences 31 report
27 in 30 groups
29 these 30 groups
31 report 33 same
32 the 33 same

the usual loss of mobility with age , however , reflects both a decrease in capacity and a lowering of the threshold for reporting difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reflects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 loss
2 usual 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 11 reflects
4 of 5 mobility
5 mobility 6 with
6 with 7 age
8 , 9 however
9 however 10 ,
9 however 11 reflects
11 reflects 17 and
12 both 17 and
13 a 14 decrease
14 decrease 15 in
14 decrease 17 and
15 in 16 capacity
17 and 19 lowering
18 a 19 lowering
19 lowering 20 of
20 of 22 threshold
21 the 22 threshold
22 threshold 23 for
23 for 24 reporting
24 reporting 25 difficulty

background : hobart , tasmania , has been the site of two major studies of multiple sclerosis ( [ms] [ )(frequency , in 1951 - 1961 and 1971 - 1981 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 hobart
2 : 8 been
2 : 29 -
3 hobart 5 tasmania
3 hobart 7 has
4 , 5 tasmania
5 tasmania 6 ,
7 has 8 been
8 been 10 site
9 the 10 site
10 site 11 of
10 site 15 of
10 site 23 in
11 of 14 studies
12 two 14 studies
13 major 14 studies
15 of 17 sclerosis
16 multiple 17 sclerosis
17 sclerosis 21 )(frequency
18 ( 21 )(frequency
21 )(frequency 22 ,
22 , 23 in
23 in 24 1951
23 in 29 -
24 1951 27 and
25 - 27 and
26 1961 27 and
27 and 28 1971
27 and 29 -
29 - 30 1981

since then , there have been no studies of [ms] frequency in hobart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 since 2 then
1 since 3 ,
1 since 4 there
4 there 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 8 studies
7 no 8 studies
8 studies 9 of
9 of 11 frequency
11 frequency 12 in
12 in 13 hobart

methods : using a prevalent cohort of 226 cases in 2001 and 265 in 2009 , the authors undertook a two [-] stage survey of [ms] frequency in hobart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 18 authors
2 : 19 undertook
3 using 6 cohort
3 using 16 ,
3 using 18 authors
4 a 5 prevalent
4 a 6 cohort
5 prevalent 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 of
6 cohort 10 in
7 of 9 cases
8 226 9 cases
10 in 12 and
11 2001 12 and
12 and 13 265
13 265 14 in
14 in 15 2009
17 the 18 authors
18 authors 19 undertook
19 undertook 24 survey
19 undertook 28 in
20 a 24 survey
21 two 23 stage
23 stage 24 survey
24 survey 25 of
25 of 27 frequency
28 in 29 hobart

combined with the published data from the two preceding studies , the authors conducted a time - trend analysis of [ms] epidemiology over 1951 - 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 combined 2 with
1 combined 11 ,
1 combined 13 authors
2 with 5 data
3 the 5 data
4 published 5 data
5 data 6 from
5 data 9 preceding
6 from 8 two
7 the 8 two
9 preceding 10 studies
12 the 13 authors
13 authors 14 conducted
14 conducted 16 time
15 a 16 time
17 - 19 analysis
18 trend 19 analysis
19 analysis 20 of
20 of 22 epidemiology
22 epidemiology 25 -
23 over 24 1951
24 1951 25 -
25 - 26 2009

results : the age - standardised prevalence in 2001 was 96.6/100 000 , and 99.6/100 000 in 2009 , a significant increase from the 1961 prevalence of 32.5/100 000 ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 age
3 the 4 age
5 - 7 prevalence
5 - 10 was
6 standardised 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 in
7 prevalence 10 was
8 in 9 2001
10 was 14 and
11 96.6/100 12 000
11 96.6/100 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 99.6/100
14 and 17 in
15 99.6/100 16 000
17 in 18 2009
18 2009 22 increase
19 , 22 increase
20 a 21 significant
20 a 22 increase
21 significant 22 increase
22 increase 23 from
22 increase 27 of
22 increase 32 )
23 from 26 prevalence
24 the 26 prevalence
25 1961 26 prevalence
27 of 28 32.5/100
28 32.5/100 29 000
28 32.5/100 31 p<0.001
30 ( 31 p<0.001
31 p<0.001 32 )

female prevalence increased over each time point ; male prevalence increased between 1961 and 2001 but was unchanged thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 female 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 increased
3 increased 4 over
4 over 7 point
5 each 7 point
6 time 7 point
8 ; 10 prevalence
8 ; 16 but
9 male 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 16 but
11 increased 12 between
11 increased 16 but
12 between 14 and
13 1961 14 and
14 and 15 2001
16 but 17 was
17 was 18 unchanged
18 unchanged 19 thereafter

incidence over 2001 - 2009 was 3.7/100 000 , significantly increased from the 1951 - 1961 incidence of 2.2/100 000 ( p=0.004 ) , though the majority of this was between 1951 - 1961 and 1971 - 1981 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 incidence 4 -
1 incidence 6 was
2 over 3 2001
3 2001 4 -
4 - 5 2009
6 was 7 3.7/100
7 3.7/100 8 000
7 3.7/100 11 increased
9 , 11 increased
10 significantly 11 increased
11 increased 12 from
11 increased 25 though
11 increased 33 -
12 from 17 incidence
13 the 17 incidence
14 1951 15 -
15 - 16 1961
15 - 17 incidence
17 incidence 18 of
17 incidence 22 p=0.004
18 of 19 2.2/100
19 2.2/100 20 000
21 ( 22 p=0.004
22 p=0.004 23 )
24 , 25 though
25 though 27 majority
25 though 30 was
25 though 33 -
26 the 27 majority
27 majority 28 of
27 majority 30 was
28 of 29 this
30 was 31 between
31 between 32 1951
33 - 34 1961
33 - 35 and
35 and 36 1971
35 and 37 -
36 1971 37 -
37 - 38 1981

mortality fell by half from 2.4/100 000 in 1951 - 1959 to 1.0/100 000 in 2001 - 2009 - this decreased mortality and an older cohort contribute to the increase in prevalence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 mortality 2 fell
2 fell 3 by
2 fell 10 -
2 fell 12 to
2 fell 15 in
3 by 4 half
4 half 5 from
5 from 6 2.4/100
7 000 8 in
7 000 10 -
8 in 9 1951
10 - 11 1959
12 to 13 1.0/100
13 1.0/100 14 000
15 in 16 2001
17 - 18 2009
17 - 19 -
18 2009 19 -
19 - 23 and
20 this 21 decreased
21 decreased 22 mortality
22 mortality 23 and
23 and 26 cohort
23 and 27 contribute
24 an 26 cohort
25 older 26 cohort
27 contribute 28 to
27 contribute 31 in
28 to 30 increase
29 the 30 increase
31 in 32 prevalence

neither prevalence [(] p=0.48 [ )(nor incidence [(] p=0.18 ) sex ratios changed significantly between 1951 and 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 neither 6 )(nor
2 prevalence 4 p=0.48
4 p=0.48 6 )(nor
6 )(nor 12 ratios
6 )(nor 13 changed
7 incidence 12 ratios
9 p=0.18 10 )
9 p=0.18 11 sex
11 sex 12 ratios
13 changed 14 significantly
13 changed 15 between
15 between 17 and
16 1951 17 and
17 and 18 2009

conclusions : between 1951 and 2009 , the age - standardised prevalence of [ms] in hobart increased threefold , and the incidence nearly doubled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 11 standardised
2 : 25 .
3 between 5 and
4 1951 5 and
5 and 6 2009
5 and 9 age
5 and 11 standardised
7 , 9 age
8 the 9 age
9 age 10 -
11 standardised 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 of
12 prevalence 24 doubled
13 of 15 in
15 in 20 and
16 hobart 17 increased
16 hobart 20 and
17 increased 18 threefold
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 incidence
21 the 22 incidence
23 nearly 24 doubled

part of the increase in prevalence was due to an increased longevity , decreased mortality and increased incidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 part 2 of
1 part 7 was
2 of 4 increase
3 the 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
5 in 6 prevalence
7 was 9 to
8 due 9 to
9 to 16 and
10 an 12 longevity
11 increased 12 longevity
12 longevity 13 ,
13 , 15 mortality
13 , 16 and
14 decreased 15 mortality
16 and 18 incidence
17 increased 18 incidence

differences in patterns [by] [birthplace] may be explained by the australian assisted [-] migration programme of 1945 - 1981 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 6 may
2 in 3 patterns
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 explained
8 explained 9 by
9 by 15 programme
10 the 15 programme
11 australian 15 programme
12 assisted 14 migration
14 migration 15 programme
15 programme 16 of
16 of 18 -
17 1945 18 -
18 - 19 1981

these data do not demonstrate the strong and significant changes in sex ratio observed elsewhere . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 do
3 do 4 not
3 do 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 13 ratio
6 the 13 ratio
7 strong 8 and
8 and 10 changes
8 and 11 in
8 and 13 ratio
9 significant 10 changes
11 in 12 sex
13 ratio 14 observed
14 observed 15 elsewhere

purpose : the study considers the [social] networks of older americans , a population for whom there have been few studies [of] [social] [network] [type] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 considers
2 : 12 ,
2 : 26 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 considers
5 considers 8 networks
6 the 8 networks
8 networks 9 of
9 of 11 americans
10 older 11 americans
12 , 14 population
12 , 21 studies
13 a 14 population
14 population 15 for
14 population 21 studies
15 for 16 whom
15 for 17 there
15 for 19 been
17 there 18 have
18 have 19 been
19 been 20 few

it also examines associations between network types and well - being indicators : loneliness , anxiety , and happiness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 3 examines
2 also 3 examines
3 examines 4 associations
3 examines 5 between
5 between 8 and
6 network 7 types
7 types 8 and
8 and 9 well
8 and 11 being
10 - 11 being
11 being 12 indicators
11 being 13 :
13 : 18 and
14 loneliness 15 ,
15 , 16 anxiety
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 happiness

design and methods : a subsample of persons aged 65 years and older from the first wave of the national social life , health , and aging project was employed ( n = 1,462 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 subsample
4 : 9 aged
4 : 26 and
4 : 36 .
5 a 6 subsample
6 subsample 7 of
6 subsample 9 aged
7 of 8 persons
9 aged 12 and
10 65 11 years
11 years 12 and
12 and 13 older
13 older 14 from
14 from 17 wave
15 the 16 first
15 the 17 wave
17 wave 18 of
17 wave 24 health
18 of 22 life
19 the 22 life
20 national 21 social
21 social 22 life
23 , 24 health
24 health 25 ,
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 project
26 and 30 employed
27 aging 28 project
28 project 29 was
29 was 30 employed
30 employed 33 =
31 ( 33 =
32 n 33 =
33 = 34 1,462
33 = 35 )

we applied k - means cluster analysis to derive social network types using 7 criterion variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 3 k
4 - 5 means
4 - 6 cluster
4 - 17 .
5 means 6 cluster
6 cluster 7 analysis
6 cluster 8 to
8 to 9 derive
9 derive 12 types
10 social 11 network
11 network 12 types
12 types 13 using
13 using 16 variables
14 7 16 variables
15 criterion 16 variables

in the multivariate stage , the well - being outcomes were regressed on the network type construct and [on] background and health characteristics by means of logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 regressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 4 stage
1 in 9 being
2 the 4 stage
3 multivariate 4 stage
4 stage 7 well
5 , 7 well
6 the 7 well
7 well 8 -
9 being 10 outcomes
9 being 11 were
9 being 12 regressed
10 outcomes 11 were
12 regressed 13 on
12 regressed 24 by
13 on 21 and
14 the 17 construct
15 network 17 construct
16 type 17 construct
17 construct 18 and
18 and 20 background
18 and 21 and
21 and 23 characteristics
22 health 23 characteristics
24 by 25 means
25 means 26 of
26 of 28 regression
27 logistic 28 regression

results : five social network types were derived : " diverse , " " friend [,] ["] ["] congregant , " " family , " and " restricted . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 types
2 : 8 derived
2 : 9 :
3 five 6 types
4 social 5 network
5 network 6 types
6 types 7 were
7 were 8 derived
9 : 10 "
9 : 26 and
9 : 29 .
11 diverse 12 ,
11 diverse 26 and
12 , 13 "
13 " 14 "
15 friend 19 congregant
15 friend 26 and
19 congregant 23 family
20 , 21 "
20 , 23 family
21 " 22 "
23 family 24 ,
24 , 25 "
26 and 27 "
26 and 28 restricted
29 . 30 "

social [network] [type] was found to be associated with each of the well - being indicators after adjusting for demographic and health confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 social
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 social 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 well
10 each 11 of
10 each 13 well
11 of 13 well
12 the 13 well
14 - 15 being
14 - 23 confounders
14 - 24 .
15 being 16 indicators
15 being 17 after
15 being 23 confounders
17 after 18 adjusting
18 adjusting 19 for
19 for 21 and
20 demographic 21 and
21 and 22 health

respondents embedded in network types characterized by greater social capital tended to exhibit better well - being in terms of less loneliness , less anxiety , and greater happiness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 respondents 2 embedded
1 respondents 3 in
1 respondents 12 to
1 respondents 13 exhibit
3 in 5 types
4 network 5 types
5 types 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 10 capital
8 greater 9 social
9 social 10 capital
11 tended 12 to
13 exhibit 15 well
14 better 15 well
15 well 17 being
16 - 17 being
17 being 18 in
17 being 23 ,
18 in 19 terms
19 terms 20 of
20 of 22 loneliness
21 less 22 loneliness
23 , 29 happiness
24 less 25 anxiety
25 anxiety 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 greater
27 and 29 happiness

implications : knowledge about differing network types should make gerontological practitioners more aware of the varying interpersonal milieus in which older people function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 knowledge
2 : 9 make
2 : 24 .
3 knowledge 4 about
3 knowledge 8 should
4 about 7 types
5 differing 7 types
6 network 7 types
8 should 9 make
9 make 11 practitioners
10 gerontological 11 practitioners
11 practitioners 13 aware
12 more 13 aware
13 aware 14 of
14 of 18 milieus
15 the 18 milieus
16 varying 18 milieus
17 interpersonal 18 milieus
18 milieus 19 in
19 in 20 which
19 in 22 people
19 in 23 function
21 older 22 people
22 people 23 function

adopting network type assessment as an integral part of intake procedures and tracing network shifts over time can serve as a basis for risk assessment as well as a means for determining the efficacy of interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 adopting 4 assessment
2 network 3 type
3 type 4 assessment
4 assessment 5 as
4 assessment 12 and
5 as 11 procedures
6 an 7 integral
6 an 8 part
7 integral 8 part
8 part 9 of
8 part 11 procedures
9 of 11 procedures
10 intake 11 procedures
12 and 14 network
12 and 15 shifts
12 and 19 serve
13 tracing 14 network
15 shifts 16 over
15 shifts 18 can
16 over 17 time
18 can 19 serve
19 serve 20 as
19 serve 27 well
19 serve 28 as
20 as 22 basis
20 as 23 for
21 a 22 basis
23 for 25 assessment
24 risk 25 assessment
26 as 27 well
28 as 30 means
29 a 30 means
30 means 31 for
30 means 35 of
31 for 32 determining
32 determining 34 efficacy
33 the 34 efficacy
35 of 36 interventions

purpose : given age - related health restrictions , the importance of the environment for life satisfaction may increase in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 given
3 given 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 8 restrictions
6 related 9 ,
7 health 8 restrictions
9 , 11 importance
9 , 19 increase
10 the 11 importance
11 importance 12 of
11 importance 18 may
12 of 14 environment
13 the 14 environment
14 environment 15 for
15 for 17 satisfaction
16 life 17 satisfaction
18 may 19 increase
19 increase 20 in
20 in 22 life
21 later 22 life

this study investigated whether objective and perceived physical and social environmental aspects of the home and [of] the surrounding neighborhood represent resources for [or] risks to life satisfaction among young - old and old - old individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
3 investigated 23 for
3 investigated 26 to
4 whether 16 and
4 whether 21 represent
5 objective 6 and
6 and 12 aspects
6 and 13 of
6 and 16 and
7 perceived 12 aspects
8 physical 9 and
9 and 10 social
9 and 12 aspects
11 environmental 12 aspects
13 of 15 home
14 the 15 home
16 and 20 neighborhood
16 and 21 represent
18 the 20 neighborhood
19 surrounding 20 neighborhood
21 represent 22 resources
23 for 25 risks
26 to 28 satisfaction
27 life 28 satisfaction
28 satisfaction 29 among
29 among 37 individuals
30 young 33 and
30 young 36 old
31 - 33 and
32 old 33 and
33 and 34 old
33 and 35 -
36 old 37 individuals

design and methods : a population - based sample [of] 381 community - dwelling individuals aged 65 - 94 years reported on their sociophysical environment and life satisfaction using questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 design 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 population
4 : 7 -
5 a 6 population
7 - 12 community
7 - 13 -
8 based 9 sample
9 sample 12 community
11 381 12 community
13 - 15 individuals
13 - 16 aged
14 dwelling 15 individuals
15 individuals 16 aged
16 aged 20 years
16 aged 22 on
16 aged 29 using
17 65 18 -
18 - 19 94
18 - 20 years
20 years 21 reported
22 on 26 and
23 their 25 environment
24 sociophysical 25 environment
25 environment 26 and
26 and 28 satisfaction
27 life 28 satisfaction
29 using 30 questionnaires

results : on average , young - [old] differ from old - old in indoor physical environmental indicators but not in neighborhood characteristics or social aspects of housing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 average
3 on 4 average
5 , 9 differ
6 young 7 -
6 young 9 differ
9 differ 10 from
10 from 26 aspects
11 old 12 -
11 old 26 aspects
13 old 19 but
13 old 24 or
14 in 18 indicators
14 in 19 but
15 indoor 18 indicators
16 physical 18 indicators
17 environmental 18 indicators
19 but 20 not
19 but 21 in
21 in 23 characteristics
22 neighborhood 23 characteristics
24 or 25 social
24 or 26 aspects
26 aspects 27 of
27 of 28 housing

regression analyses revealed that apartment size , perceived neighborhood quality , and outdoor place attachment explained life satisfaction independently , whereas social housing aspects played only a minor role . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 played
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 regression 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 size
4 that 6 size
5 apartment 6 size
7 , 10 quality
7 , 12 and
8 perceived 9 neighborhood
9 neighborhood 10 quality
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 attachment
12 and 16 explained
13 outdoor 15 attachment
14 place 15 attachment
15 attachment 16 explained
16 explained 18 satisfaction
16 explained 19 independently
16 explained 21 whereas
17 life 18 satisfaction
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 24 aspects
22 social 23 housing
23 housing 24 aspects
24 aspects 25 played
25 played 26 only
25 played 29 role
27 a 29 role
28 minor 29 role

separate analyses for both age groups revealed age differential explanation patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 separate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 separate 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 for
2 analyses 6 groups
2 analyses 8 age
3 for 4 both
5 age 6 groups
6 groups 7 revealed
6 groups 8 age
8 age 11 patterns
9 differential 11 patterns
10 explanation 11 patterns

apartment size was positively related to life satisfaction in the young - old but was negatively related in the old - old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 apartment 2 size
2 size 3 was
3 was 14 but
4 positively 14 but
5 related 6 to
5 related 9 in
5 related 14 but
6 to 8 satisfaction
7 life 8 satisfaction
9 in 13 old
10 the 13 old
11 young 12 -
11 young 13 old
14 but 15 was
15 was 17 related
16 negatively 17 related
17 related 18 in
18 in 22 old
19 the 22 old
20 old 21 -
20 old 22 old

for the old - old , perceived neighborhood quality and outdoor place attachment were more important than for the young - old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 8 neighborhood
1 for 14 were
2 the 8 neighborhood
3 old 4 -
3 old 8 neighborhood
5 old 6 ,
5 old 8 neighborhood
7 perceived 8 neighborhood
9 quality 10 and
10 and 13 attachment
10 and 14 were
11 outdoor 13 attachment
12 place 13 attachment
14 were 16 important
15 more 16 important
16 important 17 than
17 than 18 for
18 for 22 old
19 the 22 old
20 young 21 -
20 young 22 old

living with others was positively related to life satisfaction only for the young - old . implications : environmental characteristics at home and in the neighborhood need to be considered to better understand differential processes of aging in place with respect to well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 living
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 living 2 with
1 living 4 was
2 with 3 others
4 was 6 related
5 positively 6 related
6 related 7 to
6 related 10 only
6 related 11 for
7 to 9 satisfaction
8 life 9 satisfaction
11 for 15 old
12 the 15 old
13 young 14 -
13 young 15 old
16 . 17 implications
16 . 18 :
18 : 20 characteristics
18 : 44 -
19 environmental 20 characteristics
20 characteristics 23 and
20 characteristics 28 to
20 characteristics 29 be
20 characteristics 30 considered
20 characteristics 36 of
21 at 22 home
21 at 23 and
23 and 24 in
24 in 27 need
25 the 27 need
26 neighborhood 27 need
28 to 29 be
30 considered 31 to
30 considered 33 understand
31 to 33 understand
32 better 33 understand
33 understand 35 processes
34 differential 35 processes
36 of 37 aging
37 aging 38 in
37 aging 40 with
38 in 39 place
40 with 41 respect
40 with 42 to
42 to 43 well
44 - 45 being
44 - 46 .

disrupted sleep patterns are a significant problem in the elderly , leading to increased cognitive dysfunction and risk of nursing home placement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 disrupted 2 sleep
2 sleep 3 patterns
3 patterns 4 are
4 are 7 problem
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 problem
6 significant 7 problem
7 problem 8 in
7 problem 13 to
7 problem 19 of
8 in 12 leading
9 the 12 leading
10 elderly 11 ,
10 elderly 12 leading
13 to 17 and
14 increased 16 dysfunction
15 cognitive 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 17 and
17 and 18 risk
19 of 22 placement
20 nursing 21 home
21 home 22 placement

a cost - effective and unobtrusive way to remotely monitor changing sleep patterns over time would enable improved management of this important health problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 cost
3 - 5 and
3 - 18 improved
3 - 25 .
4 effective 5 and
5 and 7 way
5 and 8 to
5 and 10 monitor
5 and 18 improved
6 unobtrusive 7 way
8 to 10 monitor
9 remotely 10 monitor
10 monitor 12 sleep
11 changing 12 sleep
12 sleep 13 patterns
12 sleep 17 enable
13 patterns 14 over
13 patterns 16 would
14 over 15 time
16 would 17 enable
18 improved 19 management
19 management 20 of
20 of 24 problem
21 this 24 problem
22 important 23 health
23 health 24 problem

we have developed an algorithm to derive sleep parameters such as bed time , rise time , sleep latency , and nap time from passive infrared sensors distributed around the home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 derive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 developed
3 developed 5 algorithm
3 developed 6 to
4 an 5 algorithm
6 to 7 derive
7 derive 9 parameters
7 derive 11 as
8 sleep 9 parameters
10 such 11 as
11 as 13 time
12 bed 13 time
14 , 21 and
15 rise 16 time
16 time 17 ,
17 , 19 latency
17 , 21 and
18 sleep 19 latency
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 time
21 and 24 from
21 and 28 distributed
22 nap 23 time
24 from 27 sensors
25 passive 27 sensors
26 infrared 27 sensors
28 distributed 29 around
29 around 31 home
30 the 31 home

we evaluated this algorithm using 404 days of data collected in the homes of 8 elderly community [-] dwelling elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 algorithm
2 evaluated 5 using
2 evaluated 11 in
3 this 4 algorithm
5 using 7 days
6 404 7 days
7 days 8 of
8 of 9 data
9 data 10 collected
11 in 13 homes
12 the 13 homes
13 homes 14 of
14 of 20 elders
15 8 20 elders
16 elderly 17 community
17 community 19 dwelling
19 dwelling 20 elders

data from this algorithm were highly correlated to ground truth measures ( bed mats ) and were surprisingly robust to variability in sensor layout [and] sleep habits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 5 were
2 from 4 algorithm
3 this 4 algorithm
5 were 7 correlated
6 highly 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 to
8 to 16 and
9 ground 11 measures
9 ground 16 and
10 truth 11 measures
11 measures 14 mats
12 ( 14 mats
13 bed 14 mats
14 mats 15 )
16 and 17 were
17 were 19 robust
18 surprisingly 19 robust
19 robust 20 to
20 to 21 variability
21 variability 22 in
22 in 27 habits
23 sensor 24 layout
24 layout 26 sleep
26 sleep 27 habits

alarmingly increasing prevalence of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) due to the aging population in developing countries , combined with lack [of] standardized and conclusive diagnostic procedures , make early diagnosis of alzheimer 's disease a major public health concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 countries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 alarmingly 18 countries
2 increasing 3 prevalence
2 increasing 10 )
2 increasing 18 countries
3 prevalence 4 of
4 of 7 disease
5 alzheimer 6 's
6 's 7 disease
7 disease 9 ad
8 ( 9 ad
9 ad 10 )
11 due 12 to
12 to 15 population
12 to 18 countries
13 the 15 population
14 aging 15 population
15 population 16 in
16 in 17 developing
18 countries 20 combined
18 countries 30 make
19 , 20 combined
20 combined 21 with
20 combined 29 ,
21 with 25 and
22 lack 24 standardized
22 lack 25 and
25 and 28 procedures
25 and 29 ,
26 conclusive 27 diagnostic
27 diagnostic 28 procedures
30 make 32 diagnosis
30 make 41 concern
31 early 32 diagnosis
32 diagnosis 33 of
33 of 36 disease
34 alzheimer 35 's
35 's 36 disease
37 a 41 concern
38 major 41 concern
39 public 41 concern
40 health 41 concern

while no current medical treatment exists to stop or reverse this disease , recent dementia specific pharmacological advances can slow its progression , making early diagnosis all the more important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exists
1 while 3 current
1 while 5 treatment
2 no 3 current
4 medical 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 exists
6 exists 7 to
6 exists 24 making
7 to 9 or
8 stop 9 or
9 or 13 ,
10 reverse 12 disease
10 reverse 13 ,
11 this 12 disease
13 , 20 slow
14 recent 18 advances
15 dementia 18 advances
16 specific 18 advances
17 pharmacological 18 advances
18 advances 19 can
19 can 20 slow
20 slow 22 progression
21 its 22 progression
23 , 24 making
24 making 26 diagnosis
24 making 27 all
24 making 31 .
25 early 26 diagnosis
27 all 28 the
27 all 30 important
28 the 30 important
29 more 30 important

several noninvasive biomarkers have been proposed , including p300 based eeg analysis , mri volumetric analysis , pet based metabolic activity analysis , as [alternatives] [to] neuropsychological evaluation , the current gold standard [of] diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 several 3 biomarkers
1 several 5 been
1 several 6 proposed
2 noninvasive 3 biomarkers
3 biomarkers 4 have
4 have 5 been
6 proposed 7 ,
6 proposed 8 including
6 proposed 10 based
8 including 9 p300
8 including 10 based
10 based 12 analysis
11 eeg 12 analysis
12 analysis 16 analysis
13 , 16 analysis
14 mri 16 analysis
15 volumetric 16 analysis
16 analysis 22 analysis
16 analysis 23 ,
17 , 22 analysis
18 pet 19 based
19 based 22 analysis
20 metabolic 21 activity
21 activity 22 analysis
22 analysis 23 ,
23 , 28 evaluation
23 , 29 ,
24 as 27 neuropsychological
27 neuropsychological 28 evaluation
29 , 35 diagnosis
30 the 35 diagnosis
31 current 35 diagnosis
32 gold 35 diagnosis
33 standard 35 diagnosis

each of these approaches , have shown some promising outcomes , however , a comprehensive data fusion analysis has not yet been conducted to investigate whether these different modalities carry complementary information , and if so , [whether] they can be combined to provide a more accurate analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 each 2 of
1 each 3 these
2 of 3 these
3 these 5 ,
4 approaches 5 ,
5 , 6 have
5 , 12 however
6 have 7 shown
7 shown 8 some
7 shown 10 outcomes
9 promising 10 outcomes
11 , 12 however
12 however 13 ,
13 , 18 analysis
13 , 23 conducted
13 , 34 and
14 a 18 analysis
15 comprehensive 18 analysis
16 data 17 fusion
17 fusion 18 analysis
18 analysis 19 has
19 has 20 not
19 has 22 been
21 yet 22 been
22 been 23 conducted
23 conducted 24 to
23 conducted 26 whether
24 to 25 investigate
26 whether 29 modalities
26 whether 30 carry
27 these 29 modalities
28 different 29 modalities
29 modalities 30 carry
30 carry 32 information
31 complementary 32 information
33 , 34 and
34 and 39 they
34 and 42 combined
35 if 36 so
36 so 37 ,
36 so 39 they
39 they 40 can
40 can 41 be
41 be 42 combined
42 combined 43 to
43 to 44 provide
44 provide 48 analysis
45 a 48 analysis
46 more 47 accurate
47 accurate 48 analysis

in this effort , we provide a first look at such an analysis in combining eeg , mri and pet data using an ensemble of classifiers based decision fusion approach , to determine whether a strategic combination of these different modalities can improve the diagnostic accuracy over any of the individual data sources when used with an automated classifier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 in 3 effort
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 effort
5 we 6 provide
6 provide 19 and
7 a 9 look
8 first 9 look
9 look 10 at
9 look 14 in
9 look 17 ,
10 at 13 analysis
11 such 12 an
12 an 13 analysis
14 in 15 combining
15 combining 16 eeg
17 , 18 mri
17 , 19 and
19 and 20 pet
19 and 21 data
19 and 33 determine
21 data 22 using
21 data 27 based
21 data 31 ,
22 using 24 ensemble
22 using 27 based
23 an 24 ensemble
24 ensemble 25 of
25 of 26 classifiers
27 based 29 fusion
28 decision 29 fusion
30 approach 31 ,
31 , 32 to
31 , 33 determine
32 to 33 determine
33 determine 34 whether
33 determine 56 with
34 whether 37 combination
34 whether 43 improve
35 a 36 strategic
35 a 37 combination
36 strategic 37 combination
37 combination 38 of
37 combination 42 can
38 of 41 modalities
39 these 41 modalities
40 different 41 modalities
42 can 43 improve
43 improve 45 diagnostic
43 improve 54 when
44 the 45 diagnostic
45 diagnostic 46 accuracy
45 diagnostic 53 sources
46 accuracy 47 over
46 accuracy 49 of
46 accuracy 53 sources
47 over 48 any
49 of 52 data
50 the 52 data
51 individual 52 data
54 when 55 used
56 with 59 classifier
57 an 59 classifier
58 automated 59 classifier

results show an improvement of up to 10 % - 20 % using this approach compared to the classification performance obtained when using each individual data source . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 4 improvement
2 show 12 %
2 show 13 using
2 show 17 to
3 an 4 improvement
4 improvement 5 of
5 of 9 %
6 up 7 to
7 to 8 10
8 10 9 %
10 - 11 20
11 20 12 %
13 using 15 approach
14 this 15 approach
15 approach 16 compared
17 to 20 performance
18 the 20 performance
19 classification 20 performance
20 performance 21 obtained
21 obtained 22 when
22 when 23 using
23 using 27 source
24 each 27 source
25 individual 26 data
26 data 27 source

in japan , the number of elderly recipients who take medicines regularly has been increasing due to population aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 japan
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 number
4 the 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 13 has
6 of 8 recipients
7 elderly 8 recipients
8 recipients 9 who
8 recipients 10 take
9 who 10 take
10 take 11 medicines
12 regularly 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 increasing
15 increasing 17 to
16 due 17 to
17 to 18 population
18 population 19 aging

since they have many risks of incorrect medication , we have developed the intelligent medicine case system ( imec system ) for assisting their caretakers in medication monitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 since 2 they
1 since 3 have
1 since 9 ,
1 since 10 we
2 they 3 have
3 have 5 risks
4 many 5 risks
5 risks 6 of
6 of 8 medication
7 incorrect 8 medication
10 we 11 have
11 have 12 developed
12 developed 17 system
12 developed 22 for
13 the 17 system
14 intelligent 15 medicine
15 medicine 17 system
16 case 17 system
17 system 20 system
18 ( 20 system
19 imec 20 system
20 system 21 )
22 for 23 assisting
23 assisting 25 caretakers
23 assisting 26 in
24 their 25 caretakers
26 in 28 monitoring
27 medication 28 monitoring

the system confirms the type , quantity and timing of medication every time a recipient picks medicines up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 system
2 system 3 confirms
3 confirms 8 and
3 confirms 13 time
4 the 5 type
5 type 6 ,
6 , 7 quantity
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 timing
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 medication
12 every 13 time
13 time 15 recipient
13 time 16 picks
14 a 15 recipient
15 recipient 16 picks
16 picks 17 medicines
16 picks 18 up

and then , the system notifies the caretakers about the adequacy of the type , quantity , and timing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 and 5 system
1 and 6 notifies
2 then 3 ,
2 then 5 system
4 the 5 system
5 system 6 notifies
6 notifies 8 caretakers
6 notifies 9 about
7 the 8 caretakers
9 about 11 adequacy
10 the 11 adequacy
11 adequacy 12 of
12 of 18 and
13 the 14 type
14 type 15 ,
15 , 16 quantity
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 timing

since the way of medication is also specified on prescription by their doctors , we have strengthened the system so that it confirms the way of medication when the recipient picks medicines up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 strengthened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 since 3 way
1 since 8 specified
1 since 14 ,
1 since 15 we
2 the 3 way
3 way 4 of
3 way 6 is
4 of 5 medication
6 is 7 also
6 is 8 specified
8 specified 9 on
8 specified 11 by
9 on 10 prescription
11 by 13 doctors
12 their 13 doctors
15 we 16 have
16 have 17 strengthened
17 strengthened 19 system
17 strengthened 21 that
17 strengthened 28 when
18 the 19 system
20 so 21 that
21 that 22 it
21 that 23 confirms
22 it 23 confirms
23 confirms 25 way
24 the 25 way
25 way 26 of
26 of 27 medication
28 when 30 recipient
28 when 31 picks
29 the 30 recipient
30 recipient 31 picks
31 picks 32 medicines
31 picks 33 up

for realizing the function , we placed rfid readers in the imec and the recipient 's house . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 placed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 2 realizing
1 for 5 ,
1 for 6 we
2 realizing 4 function
3 the 4 function
6 we 7 placed
7 placed 9 readers
7 placed 10 in
8 rfid 9 readers
10 in 13 and
11 the 12 imec
12 imec 13 and
13 and 17 house
14 the 15 recipient
15 recipient 16 's
16 's 17 house

the readers measure the movement of objects such as medicines , foods , drinks , dishes , utensils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 readers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 readers
2 readers 3 measure
3 measure 5 movement
4 the 5 movement
5 movement 6 of
6 of 7 objects
7 objects 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 10 medicines
10 medicines 12 foods
10 medicines 14 drinks
10 medicines 16 dishes
11 , 12 foods
12 foods 13 ,
13 , 14 drinks
14 drinks 15 ,
15 , 16 dishes
16 dishes 17 ,
17 , 18 utensils

by using the information , the imec could evaluate the adequacy about how to take medicines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 imec
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 by 2 using
1 by 5 ,
1 by 7 imec
2 using 4 information
3 the 4 information
6 the 7 imec
7 imec 8 could
8 could 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 adequacy
9 evaluate 12 about
10 the 11 adequacy
12 about 13 how
13 how 14 to
13 how 15 take
14 to 15 take
15 take 16 medicines

we confirmed that the new system was able to recognize foods , drinks and utensils by experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 confirmed
2 confirmed 3 that
3 that 6 system
3 that 7 was
4 the 6 system
5 new 6 system
6 system 7 was
7 was 8 able
8 able 9 to
8 able 10 recognize
9 to 10 recognize
10 recognize 14 and
10 recognize 16 by
11 foods 12 ,
12 , 13 drinks
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 utensils
16 by 17 experiments

in this paper , we propose an adequacy evaluation method by applying fuzzy inference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 propose
6 propose 10 method
6 propose 11 by
7 an 10 method
8 adequacy 10 method
9 evaluation 10 method
11 by 12 applying
12 applying 14 inference
13 fuzzy 14 inference

swing [toe] [trajectory] has been investigated due to its association with tripping - induced [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 swing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 swing 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 to
6 investigated 11 with
6 investigated 13 -
6 investigated 14 induced
7 due 8 to
8 to 10 association
9 its 10 association
11 with 12 tripping

this study investigated [how] motion of the entire foot segment influences the toe trajectory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 motion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 influences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 5 motion
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 motion
5 motion 6 of
5 motion 11 influences
6 of 10 segment
7 the 10 segment
8 entire 9 foot
9 foot 10 segment
11 influences 14 trajectory
12 the 14 trajectory
13 toe 14 trajectory

seven young and seven older participants walked both over [-] ground and on a treadmill to obtain the swing foot trajectory data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 seven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 foot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 seven 3 and
1 seven 17 obtain
1 seven 20 foot
2 young 3 and
3 and 6 participants
3 and 7 walked
4 seven 6 participants
5 older 6 participants
7 walked 8 both
7 walked 16 to
8 both 12 and
9 over 11 ground
9 over 12 and
12 and 13 on
13 on 15 treadmill
14 a 15 treadmill
16 to 17 obtain
17 obtain 19 swing
18 the 19 swing
20 foot 22 data
21 trajectory 22 data

no ageing effects were obtained for toe trajectory control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 3 effects
2 ageing 3 effects
3 effects 4 were
4 were 5 obtained
5 obtained 6 for
6 for 9 control
7 toe 9 control
8 trajectory 9 control

older adults were found to have greater asymmetry at minimum ground clearance , especially in [treadmill] walking , whereas foot center [of] mass [(] com ) control was symmetrical , suggesting that foot com motion does not influence toe [trajectory] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 to
5 to 6 have
6 have 8 asymmetry
7 greater 8 asymmetry
8 asymmetry 9 at
9 at 12 clearance
10 minimum 11 ground
11 ground 12 clearance
12 clearance 15 in
13 , 14 especially
13 , 15 in
15 in 17 walking
15 in 18 ,
18 , 27 control
18 , 28 was
19 whereas 25 com
19 whereas 26 )
19 whereas 27 control
20 foot 21 center
21 center 23 mass
23 mass 25 com
27 control 28 was
28 was 31 suggesting
29 symmetrical 30 ,
29 symmetrical 31 suggesting
31 suggesting 32 that
31 suggesting 39 toe
32 that 34 com
32 that 39 toe
33 foot 34 com
34 com 35 motion
34 com 38 influence
34 com 39 toe
35 motion 36 does
36 does 37 not
36 does 38 influence

correlation analysis indicated that foot com and toe trajectory may be controlled independently due to ankle motions that modulate the toe 's elevation , a finding that has implications for [falls] prevention strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
1 correlation 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 7 and
4 that 12 controlled
5 foot 6 com
6 com 7 and
7 and 9 trajectory
7 and 10 may
8 toe 9 trajectory
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 controlled
12 controlled 13 independently
13 independently 15 to
14 due 15 to
15 to 17 motions
16 ankle 17 motions
17 motions 18 that
17 motions 19 modulate
18 that 19 modulate
19 modulate 23 elevation
20 the 21 toe
21 toe 22 's
22 's 23 elevation
23 elevation 26 finding
24 , 26 finding
25 a 26 finding
26 finding 27 that
26 finding 28 has
26 finding 34 .
27 that 28 has
28 has 29 implications
28 has 30 for
30 for 33 strategies
32 prevention 33 strategies

the results also provide the first report of the foot 's center [of] mass trajectory during the swing phase of the gait cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 4 provide
3 also 4 provide
4 provide 7 report
4 provide 16 during
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 report
7 report 8 of
8 of 15 trajectory
9 the 10 foot
10 foot 11 's
11 's 15 trajectory
12 center 15 trajectory
14 mass 15 trajectory
16 during 19 phase
17 the 19 phase
18 swing 19 phase
19 phase 20 of
20 of 23 cycle
21 the 23 cycle
22 gait 23 cycle

the foot 's trajectory resembles pendulum motion but further work will be necessary to test the foot [-] pendulum control hypothesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 trajectory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 resembles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 foot
2 foot 3 's
3 's 4 trajectory
4 trajectory 5 resembles
5 resembles 7 motion
6 pendulum 7 motion
8 but 10 work
8 but 12 be
9 further 10 work
10 work 11 will
11 will 12 be
12 be 13 necessary
13 necessary 14 to
13 necessary 15 test
14 to 15 test
15 test 21 hypothesis
16 the 21 hypothesis
17 foot 21 hypothesis
19 pendulum 21 hypothesis
20 control 21 hypothesis

the lack of reliable mechanical data on coronary arteries hampers the application of numerical models to vascular problems , and precludes physicians from knowing in advance the response of coronary arteries to the different interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 lack
2 lack 3 of
2 lack 20 and
3 of 6 data
4 reliable 6 data
5 mechanical 6 data
6 data 7 on
7 on 9 arteries
8 coronary 9 arteries
10 hampers 12 application
10 hampers 16 to
10 hampers 20 and
11 the 12 application
12 application 13 of
13 of 15 models
14 numerical 15 models
16 to 18 problems
17 vascular 18 problems
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 precludes
21 precludes 22 physicians
22 physicians 23 from
23 from 24 knowing
24 knowing 26 advance
24 knowing 28 response
24 knowing 32 to
25 in 26 advance
27 the 28 response
28 response 29 of
29 of 31 arteries
30 coronary 31 arteries
32 to 35 interventions
33 the 35 interventions
34 different 35 interventions

in this work , the mechanical properties of human coronary arteries have been characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 work
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 properties
2 this 3 work
5 the 7 properties
6 mechanical 7 properties
7 properties 8 of
7 properties 12 have
8 of 11 arteries
9 human 11 arteries
10 coronary 11 arteries
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 characterized

whole samples from human right ( rc [ )(and left anterior descending ( lad ) coronary arteries aged between 23 and 83 years have been studied by means of in - [vitro] tensile testing up to failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whole
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 whole 2 samples
2 samples 3 from
2 samples 17 arteries
2 samples 19 between
3 from 5 right
4 human 5 right
5 right 9 )(and
6 ( 9 )(and
7 rc 9 )(and
9 )(and 12 descending
9 )(and 14 lad
9 )(and 15 )
10 left 12 descending
11 anterior 12 descending
13 ( 14 lad
14 lad 15 )
16 coronary 17 arteries
17 arteries 18 aged
19 between 21 and
20 23 21 and
21 and 22 83
21 and 23 years
21 and 30 in
23 years 24 have
24 have 25 been
25 been 26 studied
26 studied 27 by
27 by 28 means
28 means 29 of
29 of 30 in
31 - 34 testing
33 tensile 34 testing
34 testing 35 up
35 up 36 to
36 to 37 failure

knowledge of the mechanical response of human coronary arteries could be applied to optimize the election of vascular grafts or to prevent arterial damage during angioplasty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 knowledge 2 of
1 knowledge 6 of
1 knowledge 10 could
2 of 5 response
3 the 5 response
4 mechanical 5 response
6 of 9 arteries
7 human 9 arteries
8 coronary 9 arteries
10 could 11 be
11 be 12 applied
12 applied 13 to
13 to 20 or
14 optimize 16 election
14 optimize 20 or
15 the 16 election
16 election 17 of
17 of 19 grafts
18 vascular 19 grafts
20 or 21 to
20 or 22 prevent
20 or 25 during
21 to 22 prevent
22 prevent 24 damage
23 arterial 24 damage
25 during 26 angioplasty

the aim of this study was to investigate sex and age related differences in drug induced qt prolongation by dofetilide under reduced repolarization reserve in simulated [ventricular] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 sex
10 and 11 age
10 and 12 related
11 age 12 related
12 related 13 differences
12 related 14 in
12 related 19 by
12 related 21 under
14 in 18 prolongation
15 drug 16 induced
16 induced 18 prolongation
17 qt 18 prolongation
19 by 20 dofetilide
21 under 24 reserve
22 reduced 23 repolarization
23 repolarization 24 reserve
24 reserve 25 in
25 in 28 cells
26 simulated 28 cells

left [ventricular] endocardial action potentials were simulated using a modified luo rudy model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 potentials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 simulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 left 4 action
3 endocardial 4 action
4 action 5 potentials
5 potentials 6 were
6 were 7 simulated
7 simulated 8 using
8 using 13 model
9 a 13 model
10 modified 11 luo
11 luo 13 model
12 rudy 13 model

sex , age and regional differences in currents i ( cal ) , ik [(] [r] ) , ik [(] [s] ) , and i [(] [to] ) were incorporated into the model by modifying the equations representing them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 incorporated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 sex 2 ,
2 , 3 age
2 , 4 and
4 and 6 differences
4 and 7 in
4 and 24 and
5 regional 6 differences
7 in 8 currents
8 currents 9 i
8 currents 11 cal
8 currents 14 ik
8 currents 19 ik
10 ( 11 cal
11 cal 12 )
13 , 14 ik
14 ik 17 )
18 , 19 ik
19 ik 22 )
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 i
24 and 28 )
24 and 29 were
29 were 30 incorporated
30 incorporated 31 into
30 incorporated 34 by
31 into 33 model
32 the 33 model
34 by 35 modifying
35 modifying 37 equations
36 the 37 equations
37 equations 38 representing
38 representing 39 them

a model of dofetilide , a class [iii] antiarrhythmic drug , was developed and included into a [ventricular] cell models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 model
2 model 3 of
2 model 14 and
3 of 4 dofetilide
4 dofetilide 10 drug
5 , 10 drug
6 a 7 class
6 a 10 drug
7 class 10 drug
9 antiarrhythmic 10 drug
10 drug 11 ,
12 was 13 developed
12 was 14 and
14 and 15 included
14 and 16 into
14 and 20 models
16 into 19 cell
17 a 19 cell

the reduced repolarization reserve was [reproduced] decreasing the iks current . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 4 reserve
2 reduced 3 repolarization
3 repolarization 4 reserve
4 reserve 5 was
5 was 7 decreasing
7 decreasing 10 current
8 the 10 current
9 iks 10 current

our results shown that the adult female cells had longer action potentials , a steeper apd - bcl relationship and a higher susceptibility to eads than adult male cells , under control , drug induced and reduced repolarization reserve conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 shown
2 results 36 and
3 shown 4 that
4 that 8 cells
4 that 9 had
5 the 8 cells
6 adult 7 female
7 female 8 cells
8 cells 9 had
9 had 20 and
9 had 24 to
9 had 26 than
10 longer 11 action
11 action 12 potentials
12 potentials 13 ,
13 , 19 relationship
13 , 20 and
14 a 19 relationship
15 steeper 19 relationship
16 apd 18 bcl
17 - 18 bcl
18 bcl 19 relationship
20 and 23 susceptibility
21 a 23 susceptibility
22 higher 23 susceptibility
24 to 25 eads
26 than 29 cells
26 than 34 drug
27 adult 28 male
28 male 29 cells
29 cells 31 under
29 cells 34 drug
30 , 31 under
31 under 32 control
31 under 33 ,
35 induced 36 and
36 and 37 reduced
36 and 40 conditions
38 repolarization 39 reserve
39 reserve 40 conditions

on the other hand , young female and young male cells had similar action potentials under control conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 on 8 and
1 on 11 cells
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
4 hand 5 ,
5 , 7 female
5 , 8 and
6 young 7 female
8 and 10 male
9 young 10 male
11 cells 12 had
12 had 15 potentials
12 had 16 under
13 similar 14 action
14 action 15 potentials
16 under 18 conditions
17 control 18 conditions

however , young male cells had longer action potentials and higher susceptibility to eads than young female cells under [drug] induced and reduced repolarization reserve conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 cells
3 young 4 male
4 male 5 cells
5 cells 6 had
6 had 12 susceptibility
6 had 13 to
6 had 15 than
7 longer 8 action
8 action 9 potentials
9 potentials 10 and
10 and 11 higher
10 and 12 susceptibility
13 to 14 eads
15 than 18 cells
15 than 25 reserve
16 young 18 cells
17 female 18 cells
18 cells 19 under
18 cells 25 reserve
19 under 22 and
21 induced 22 and
22 and 23 reduced
23 reduced 24 repolarization
25 reserve 26 conditions

sex and age dependent differences [in] i ( cal ) , ikr , iks , and ito may explain the age and sex disparities in prolongation of apd by the action of dofetilide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 sex 2 and
2 and 5 differences
2 and 9 cal
2 and 11 ,
3 age 4 dependent
4 dependent 5 differences
5 differences 7 i
8 ( 9 cal
9 cal 10 )
11 , 12 ikr
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 iks
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 ito
16 and 22 and
18 may 19 explain
18 may 22 and
19 explain 21 age
20 the 21 age
22 and 23 sex
22 and 24 disparities
24 disparities 25 in
24 disparities 27 of
25 in 26 prolongation
27 of 28 apd
28 apd 29 by
28 apd 32 of
29 by 31 action
30 the 31 action
32 of 33 dofetilide

a system for diagnosing health problems from gait patterns [of] elderly to support their independent living is proposed in this paper . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 system
2 system 3 for
2 system 7 from
2 system 16 living
2 system 17 is
3 for 4 diagnosing
4 diagnosing 6 problems
5 health 6 problems
7 from 9 patterns
8 gait 9 patterns
9 patterns 11 elderly
11 elderly 12 to
11 elderly 13 support
12 to 13 support
13 support 15 independent
14 their 15 independent
17 is 18 proposed
18 proposed 19 in
19 in 21 paper
20 this 21 paper

motion capture system , which consists of tags attached to the body and sensors situated in the apartment , is used [to] capture [gait] [of] elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 motion 3 system
2 capture 3 system
4 , 5 which
4 , 6 consists
4 , 19 ,
5 which 6 consists
6 consists 7 of
7 of 8 tags
8 tags 9 attached
9 attached 10 to
10 to 13 and
11 the 12 body
12 body 13 and
13 and 14 sensors
13 and 15 situated
13 and 16 in
16 in 18 apartment
17 the 18 apartment
19 , 20 is
20 is 23 capture
20 is 26 elderly
21 used 23 capture

position of the tags [is] acquired by the sensors and the resulting time series of position coordinates are analyzed with machine learning algorithms in order to recognize the specific health problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 position 2 of
1 position 10 and
2 of 4 tags
3 the 4 tags
4 tags 6 acquired
4 tags 7 by
7 by 9 sensors
8 the 9 sensors
10 and 14 series
10 and 15 of
10 and 18 are
11 the 14 series
12 resulting 14 series
13 time 14 series
15 of 17 coordinates
16 position 17 coordinates
18 are 19 analyzed
19 analyzed 20 with
20 with 23 algorithms
21 machine 23 algorithms
22 learning 23 algorithms
23 algorithms 24 in
24 in 25 order
25 order 26 to
25 order 27 recognize
26 to 27 recognize
27 recognize 31 problem
28 the 31 problem
29 specific 30 health
30 health 31 problem

we propose novel features for training a machine learning classifier that classifies the user 's gait into four health problems and a normal health state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 4 features
3 novel 4 features
4 features 5 for
4 features 9 learning
5 for 6 training
6 training 8 machine
7 a 8 machine
9 learning 10 classifier
9 learning 17 into
10 classifier 11 that
10 classifier 12 classifies
11 that 12 classifies
12 classifies 16 gait
13 the 14 user
14 user 15 's
15 's 16 gait
17 into 21 and
18 four 20 problems
19 health 20 problems
20 problems 21 and
21 and 25 state
22 a 25 state
23 normal 24 health
24 health 25 state

results showed that decision tree classifier was able to reach 95 % of classification accuracy using 7 tags and 5 mm standard deviation of noise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 6 classifier
2 showed 7 was
3 that 6 classifier
4 decision 6 classifier
5 tree 6 classifier
6 classifier 7 was
7 was 8 able
8 able 9 to
8 able 10 reach
9 to 10 reach
10 reach 12 %
10 reach 16 using
11 95 12 %
12 % 13 of
13 of 15 accuracy
14 classification 15 accuracy
16 using 19 and
17 7 19 and
18 tags 19 and
19 and 23 deviation
19 and 24 of
20 5 21 mm
21 mm 23 deviation
22 standard 23 deviation
24 of 25 noise

neural [network] outperformed it with classification accuracy over 99 % using 8 tags with 0 - 20 mm noise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neural
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outperformed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neural 3 outperformed
3 outperformed 4 it
3 outperformed 5 with
3 outperformed 11 using
5 with 7 accuracy
6 classification 7 accuracy
7 accuracy 8 over
8 over 10 %
9 99 10 %
11 using 13 tags
11 using 14 with
12 8 13 tags
14 with 19 noise
15 0 16 -
16 - 17 20
16 - 18 mm
18 mm 19 noise

control [panel] [prototype] has been developed to provide explanation of the automatic diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 control 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 developed
6 developed 7 to
7 to 8 provide
8 provide 9 explanation
9 explanation 10 of
10 of 13 diagnosis
11 the 13 diagnosis
12 automatic 13 diagnosis

age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 age 9 is
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 degeneration
3 related 8 )
3 related 9 is
4 macular 5 degeneration
5 degeneration 7 amd
6 ( 7 amd
7 amd 8 )
9 is 12 cause
9 is 15 worldwide
10 a 12 cause
11 leading 12 cause
12 cause 13 of
13 of 14 blindness

the disease is highly associated with age , and becoming increasingly prevalent in our aging societies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 disease
2 disease 3 is
3 is 4 highly
3 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 and
6 with 11 increasingly
6 with 12 prevalent
7 age 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 becoming
12 prevalent 13 in
13 in 16 societies
14 our 16 societies
15 aging 16 societies

drusen is a pathological feature that is well - associated with amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 drusen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 drusen 2 is
2 is 5 feature
3 a 4 pathological
3 a 5 feature
4 pathological 5 feature
5 feature 6 that
5 feature 7 is
6 that 7 is
7 is 8 well
8 well 10 associated
9 - 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 13 .
11 with 12 amd

in this paper , we present a method of detecting drusen in retinal fundus images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 present
6 present 8 method
7 a 8 method
8 method 9 of
9 of 10 detecting
10 detecting 11 drusen
10 detecting 12 in
12 in 15 images
13 retinal 14 fundus
14 fundus 15 images

the method first determines the location of the macula , which is used as a landmark for a clinical drusen grading overlay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 method
2 method 4 determines
3 first 4 determines
4 determines 6 location
5 the 6 location
6 location 7 of
7 of 9 macula
8 the 9 macula
10 , 11 which
10 , 13 used
11 which 12 is
12 is 13 used
13 used 14 as
14 as 16 landmark
15 a 16 landmark
16 landmark 17 for
17 for 22 overlay
18 a 19 clinical
18 a 22 overlay
19 clinical 20 drusen
20 drusen 22 overlay
21 grading 22 overlay

subsequently , regions of drusen are identified though a maximal region [-] based pixel intensity approach [via] rgb and hsv channels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 3 regions
3 regions 4 of
3 regions 6 are
4 of 5 drusen
6 are 7 identified
7 identified 8 though
8 though 11 region
8 though 13 based
9 a 10 maximal
9 a 11 region
10 maximal 11 region
11 region 13 based
13 based 21 channels
14 pixel 21 channels
15 intensity 16 approach
16 approach 21 channels
18 rgb 19 and
19 and 20 hsv
20 hsv 21 channels

methods of reducing the effect of retinal and choroidal vessels are also described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 methods 2 of
1 methods 11 are
2 of 3 reducing
3 reducing 5 effect
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 10 vessels
7 retinal 8 and
8 and 9 choroidal
8 and 10 vessels
11 are 12 also
11 are 13 described

the system is tested on a sample set of 16 fundus images from a clinical study , with half having drusen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
1 the 2 system
2 system 3 is
3 is 4 tested
4 tested 5 on
4 tested 13 from
5 on 7 sample
6 a 7 sample
7 sample 8 set
7 sample 9 of
9 of 12 images
10 16 12 images
11 fundus 12 images
13 from 16 study
14 a 15 clinical
14 a 16 study
15 clinical 16 study
16 study 18 with
17 , 18 with
18 with 19 half
18 with 20 having
18 with 22 .
20 having 21 drusen

experiments on the results show a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 on the test image set . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 experiments 2 on
1 experiments 5 show
2 on 4 results
3 the 4 results
5 show 7 sensitivity
5 show 8 and
5 show 12 on
6 a 7 sensitivity
8 and 9 specificity
9 specificity 10 of
10 of 11 0.75
12 on 15 image
13 the 15 image
14 test 15 image
15 image 16 set

the paper presents an ongoing investigation into the feasibility of distinguishing between healthy young and older adults , but more specifically into the nature of the features that would provide this distinction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 presents
2 paper 3 presents
3 presents 19 but
3 presents 30 provide
4 an 6 investigation
5 ongoing 6 investigation
6 investigation 7 into
6 investigation 10 of
6 investigation 19 but
7 into 9 feasibility
8 the 9 feasibility
10 of 11 distinguishing
11 distinguishing 12 between
12 between 17 adults
13 healthy 14 young
13 healthy 15 and
15 and 16 older
15 and 17 adults
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 more
19 but 21 specifically
19 but 22 into
22 into 24 nature
23 the 24 nature
24 nature 25 of
25 of 27 features
26 the 27 features
27 features 28 that
27 features 29 would
28 that 29 would
30 provide 32 distinction
31 this 32 distinction

the present study compared the performance of forward , backward , [and] branch and bound feature selection algorithms when applied to electroencephalography and electromyography data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 compared
4 compared 6 performance
4 compared 10 backward
5 the 6 performance
6 performance 7 of
7 of 8 forward
9 , 10 backward
10 backward 11 ,
11 , 14 and
13 branch 14 and
14 and 15 bound
15 bound 18 algorithms
15 bound 19 when
16 feature 18 algorithms
17 selection 18 algorithms
19 when 20 applied
20 applied 21 to
21 to 23 and
22 electroencephalography 23 and
23 and 25 data
24 electromyography 25 data

the results showed that the forward selection algorithm outperformed the other techniques for this particular problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 8 algorithm
4 that 9 outperformed
5 the 8 algorithm
6 forward 8 algorithm
7 selection 8 algorithm
8 algorithm 9 outperformed
9 outperformed 12 techniques
10 the 11 other
11 other 12 techniques
12 techniques 13 for
13 for 16 problem
14 this 16 problem
15 particular 16 problem

in addition , time domain features were primarily selected over frequency domain features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 features
4 time 6 features
5 domain 6 features
6 features 7 were
7 were 9 selected
8 primarily 9 selected
9 selected 10 over
10 over 13 features
11 frequency 13 features
12 domain 13 features

validation of the selected subset suggests the approach is appropriate for future investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 validation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 validation 2 of
1 validation 6 suggests
2 of 5 subset
3 the 5 subset
4 selected 5 subset
6 suggests 8 approach
6 suggests 9 is
7 the 8 approach
8 approach 9 is
9 is 10 appropriate
10 appropriate 11 for
11 for 13 investigation
12 future 13 investigation

breast density is considered a structural property of a [mammo] gram that can change in various ways explaining different effects of medicinal treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 breast 2 density
2 density 3 is
3 is 4 considered
4 considered 7 property
5 a 6 structural
5 a 7 property
6 structural 7 property
7 property 8 of
7 property 12 that
7 property 13 can
8 of 11 gram
9 a 11 gram
12 that 13 can
13 can 14 change
14 change 15 in
14 change 16 various
16 various 17 ways
17 ways 18 explaining
17 ways 21 of
18 explaining 20 effects
19 different 20 effects
21 of 23 treatments
22 medicinal 23 treatments

the aim of the present work is to provide a framework for obtaining more accurate and sensitive measurements of breast density changes related to specific effects like hormonal replacement therapy ( hrt ) and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 is
3 of 6 work
4 the 6 work
5 present 6 work
7 is 8 to
7 is 23 related
8 to 9 provide
10 a 11 framework
11 framework 12 for
11 framework 23 related
12 for 13 obtaining
13 obtaining 18 measurements
14 more 18 measurements
15 accurate 16 and
16 and 17 sensitive
16 and 18 measurements
18 measurements 19 of
19 of 22 changes
20 breast 22 changes
21 density 22 changes
23 related 24 to
23 related 27 like
23 related 36 .
24 to 26 effects
25 specific 26 effects
27 like 34 and
28 hormonal 29 replacement
29 replacement 30 therapy
30 therapy 32 hrt
31 ( 32 hrt
32 hrt 33 )
32 hrt 34 and
34 and 35 aging

we also demonstrate how orientation of breast tissue changes in temporal study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 3 demonstrate
2 also 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 how
4 how 5 orientation
4 how 9 changes
5 orientation 6 of
5 orientation 9 changes
6 of 8 tissue
7 breast 8 tissue
9 changes 10 in
10 in 12 study
11 temporal 12 study

this framework facilitates [radiologist] to assess breast tissue change and guide them to evaluate individual risk of having breast cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 facilitates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 framework
2 framework 3 facilitates
3 facilitates 5 to
3 facilitates 20 cancer
5 to 10 and
6 assess 9 change
6 assess 10 and
7 breast 9 change
8 tissue 9 change
10 and 11 guide
11 guide 12 them
11 guide 13 to
13 to 14 evaluate
14 evaluate 16 risk
15 individual 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
17 of 18 having
19 breast 20 cancer

in this contribution , a new concept for an activity recorder and transceiver ( art ) is presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 contribution
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 concept
2 this 3 contribution
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 concept
6 new 7 concept
7 concept 8 for
7 concept 17 is
8 for 12 and
9 an 11 recorder
10 activity 11 recorder
11 recorder 12 and
12 and 13 transceiver
12 and 15 art
14 ( 15 art
15 art 16 )
17 is 18 presented

among the many purposes art can be used for , this contribution focuses on the development of personal assistant devices for an aging society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 among 4 purposes
1 among 10 ,
1 among 12 contribution
2 the 3 many
3 many 4 purposes
4 purposes 5 art
4 purposes 9 for
5 art 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 used
8 used 9 for
11 this 12 contribution
12 contribution 13 focuses
13 focuses 14 on
14 on 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 20 devices
18 personal 19 assistant
19 assistant 20 devices
20 devices 21 for
21 for 24 society
22 an 24 society
23 aging 24 society

instead of probing a patient 's health only when illness occurs , art offers the possibility to monitor a person ubiquitous in every day life in order e.g . to detect abnormal changes in behavior , mainly based on the recording of discrete events rather than continuous sensor data streams . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 art
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 monitor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 instead 2 of
2 of 3 probing
2 of 12 ,
2 of 13 art
3 probing 7 health
3 probing 8 only
3 probing 9 when
4 a 5 patient
5 patient 6 's
6 's 7 health
9 when 10 illness
9 when 11 occurs
10 illness 11 occurs
13 art 14 offers
14 offers 16 possibility
14 offers 17 to
15 the 16 possibility
17 to 18 monitor
18 monitor 20 person
19 a 20 person
20 person 21 ubiquitous
21 ubiquitous 22 in
21 ubiquitous 26 in
22 in 25 life
23 every 25 life
24 day 25 life
26 in 28 e.g
27 order 28 e.g
29 . 30 to
30 to 36 ,
31 detect 33 changes
31 detect 36 ,
32 abnormal 33 changes
33 changes 34 in
34 in 35 behavior
36 , 38 based
36 , 39 on
36 , 46 than
37 mainly 38 based
39 on 41 recording
40 the 41 recording
41 recording 42 of
42 of 44 events
43 discrete 44 events
45 rather 46 than
46 than 50 streams
47 continuous 49 data
48 sensor 49 data
49 data 50 streams

arts are key elements to develop personal assistant devices that are able to support people especially with cognitive impairments to remain living independent and yet secure their home environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 arts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 arts 2 are
2 are 4 elements
2 are 5 to
2 are 13 to
2 are 16 especially
3 key 4 elements
5 to 6 develop
6 develop 9 devices
7 personal 8 assistant
8 assistant 9 devices
9 devices 10 that
9 devices 11 are
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 able
13 to 14 support
14 support 15 people
16 especially 17 with
17 with 19 impairments
17 with 29 environments
18 cognitive 19 impairments
19 impairments 20 to
19 impairments 21 remain
19 impairments 22 living
20 to 21 remain
22 living 25 yet
23 independent 25 yet
24 and 25 yet
25 yet 26 secure
27 their 29 environments
28 home 29 environments

in this document vital demands on such systems will be defined and systematically analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 document
1 in 5 demands
2 this 3 document
4 vital 5 demands
5 demands 6 on
5 demands 9 will
6 on 8 systems
7 such 8 systems
9 will 10 be
10 be 12 and
11 defined 12 and
12 and 14 analyzed
13 systematically 14 analyzed

furthermore the system architecture and possible applications for arts will be presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 furthermore 5 and
2 the 4 architecture
3 system 4 architecture
4 architecture 5 and
5 and 7 applications
5 and 8 for
5 and 10 will
6 possible 7 applications
8 for 9 arts
10 will 11 be
11 be 12 presented

personal health record ( phr ) has been increasingly recognized and actively promoted by the federal government , experts and industry as an important tool for improving healthcare in the u.s . however , the phr use by patients and its utility have not been studied well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 phr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 personal 5 phr
2 health 3 record
3 record 5 phr
4 ( 5 phr
5 phr 6 )
5 phr 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 11 and
9 increasingly 10 recognized
10 recognized 11 and
11 and 13 promoted
11 and 14 by
11 and 20 and
12 actively 13 promoted
14 by 16 federal
15 the 16 federal
17 government 18 ,
18 , 19 experts
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 industry
20 and 22 as
22 as 25 tool
23 an 25 tool
24 important 25 tool
25 tool 26 for
25 tool 28 healthcare
26 for 27 improving
28 healthcare 29 in
29 in 31 u.s
30 the 31 u.s
32 . 40 and
32 . 45 been
33 however 34 ,
33 however 40 and
35 the 37 use
36 phr 37 use
37 use 38 by
37 use 40 and
38 by 39 patients
40 and 42 utility
40 and 43 have
41 its 42 utility
43 have 44 not
43 have 45 been
45 been 47 well
46 studied 47 well

we have evaluated a web - based phr in multiple locations covering diverse population groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 5 web
4 a 5 web
6 - 8 phr
6 - 15 groups
6 - 16 .
7 based 8 phr
8 phr 9 in
8 phr 15 groups
9 in 11 locations
10 multiple 11 locations
11 locations 12 covering
12 covering 14 population
13 diverse 14 population

the study sites included a surgical specialty clinic , a medical specialty clinic , and a mental health clinic at the university of washington , and a low - income elderly housing facility near seattle in the state of washington . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 3 sites
2 study 3 sites
3 sites 4 included
4 included 8 clinic
5 a 8 clinic
6 surgical 8 clinic
7 specialty 8 clinic
8 clinic 13 clinic
9 , 13 clinic
10 a 13 clinic
11 medical 12 specialty
12 specialty 13 clinic
13 clinic 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 26 and
15 and 34 near
16 a 19 clinic
17 mental 18 health
18 health 19 clinic
19 clinic 20 at
19 clinic 23 of
19 clinic 26 and
20 at 22 university
21 the 22 university
23 of 24 washington
25 , 26 and
26 and 33 facility
26 and 34 near
27 a 33 facility
28 low 29 -
28 low 30 income
30 income 33 facility
31 elderly 32 housing
32 housing 33 facility
34 near 35 seattle
34 near 36 in
36 in 38 state
37 the 38 state
38 state 39 of
39 of 40 washington

the phr use by the low - income [elderly] was limited due to poor technical skills and low physical/cognitive abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 phr
2 phr 3 use
2 phr 10 was
2 phr 11 limited
3 use 4 by
3 use 10 was
4 by 8 income
5 the 8 income
6 low 7 -
6 low 8 income
11 limited 13 to
11 limited 20 abilities
12 due 13 to
13 to 17 and
14 poor 16 skills
15 technical 16 skills
16 skills 17 and
17 and 18 low
19 physical/cognitive 20 abilities

on the other hand , the younger [and] affluent populations used the web - based phr much easily and efficiently compared to the older [and] low - income group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 populations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 10 populations
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 the 10 populations
7 younger 10 populations
9 affluent 10 populations
10 populations 11 used
11 used 13 web
12 the 13 web
14 - 19 and
15 based 16 phr
15 based 17 much
15 based 18 easily
15 based 19 and
19 and 21 compared
20 efficiently 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
22 to 29 group
23 the 29 group
24 older 28 income
26 low 27 -
26 low 28 income
28 income 29 group

they regarded managing personal health information [easy] while the older group struggled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regarded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 they 2 regarded
2 regarded 6 information
2 regarded 8 while
3 managing 5 health
4 personal 5 health
5 health 6 information
8 while 11 group
8 while 12 struggled
9 the 11 group
10 older 11 group
11 group 12 struggled

as more computer literate individuals age , the next - [generation] elderly are certain to be more technically skilled than the current generation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 as 5 individuals
1 as 6 age
1 as 7 ,
1 as 12 elderly
2 more 5 individuals
3 computer 5 individuals
4 literate 5 individuals
5 individuals 6 age
8 the 9 next
8 the 12 elderly
9 next 10 -
12 elderly 13 are
13 are 14 certain
14 certain 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 18 technically
16 be 19 skilled
17 more 18 technically
19 skilled 20 than
20 than 23 generation
21 the 23 generation
22 current 23 generation

although the reduced physical/cognitive abilities due to aging would still be a challenge , more elderly people will be able to not only use a phr system but also use it to the full extent to get the maximum benefit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 although 5 abilities
1 although 11 be
1 although 14 ,
1 although 17 people
2 the 5 abilities
3 reduced 5 abilities
4 physical/cognitive 5 abilities
5 abilities 6 due
5 abilities 9 would
6 due 7 to
7 to 8 aging
9 would 11 be
10 still 11 be
11 be 13 challenge
12 a 13 challenge
15 more 16 elderly
16 elderly 17 people
17 people 28 but
18 will 19 be
18 will 28 but
19 be 20 able
20 able 21 to
20 able 24 use
21 to 22 not
21 to 24 use
23 only 24 use
24 use 27 system
25 a 27 system
26 phr 27 system
28 but 30 use
29 also 30 use
30 use 31 it
30 use 32 to
30 use 36 to
30 use 37 get
32 to 35 extent
33 the 35 extent
34 full 35 extent
36 to 37 get
37 get 40 benefit
38 the 40 benefit
39 maximum 40 benefit

in an aging society , social demands for home - based rehabilitation and assistive technologies by healthcare and welfare services are globally increasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 4 society
1 in 13 and
2 an 4 society
3 aging 4 society
4 society 7 demands
5 , 7 demands
6 social 7 demands
7 demands 8 for
7 demands 10 -
8 for 9 home
11 based 12 rehabilitation
12 rehabilitation 13 and
13 and 15 technologies
13 and 16 by
13 and 21 are
14 assistive 15 technologies
16 by 18 and
17 healthcare 18 and
18 and 20 services
19 welfare 20 services
21 are 23 increasing
22 globally 23 increasing

the progress of quality [-] of [-] life technologies and rehabilitation science is a very important and urgent issue for elderly and disabled individuals as well as for their caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 progress
2 progress 3 of
2 progress 13 is
3 of 10 and
4 quality 6 of
4 quality 10 and
6 of 9 technologies
8 life 9 technologies
10 and 12 science
11 rehabilitation 12 science
13 is 19 issue
13 is 20 for
13 is 25 as
14 a 15 very
14 a 19 issue
15 very 16 important
16 important 17 and
17 and 18 urgent
17 and 19 issue
20 for 24 individuals
21 elderly 22 and
22 and 23 disabled
22 and 24 individuals
25 as 26 well
26 well 27 as
27 as 28 for
28 for 30 caregivers
29 their 30 caregivers

thus , there is a substantial need to develop simple bedside apparatuses for both continuous exercise of joints and for power assistance for standing to prevent and [manage] disuse syndromes ( e.g [.] , pressure ulcers , joint contractures and muscular atrophy ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 7 need
4 is 19 and
5 a 6 substantial
5 a 7 need
6 substantial 7 need
7 need 8 to
7 need 9 develop
8 to 9 develop
9 develop 12 apparatuses
10 simple 11 bedside
11 bedside 12 apparatuses
13 for 16 exercise
13 for 19 and
14 both 15 continuous
15 continuous 16 exercise
16 exercise 17 of
17 of 18 joints
19 and 20 for
20 for 27 and
21 power 22 assistance
22 assistance 23 for
22 assistance 27 and
23 for 24 standing
24 standing 25 to
24 standing 26 prevent
25 to 26 prevent
27 and 30 syndromes
27 and 40 and
29 disuse 30 syndromes
31 ( 40 and
32 e.g 34 ,
32 e.g 36 ulcers
35 pressure 36 ulcers
36 ulcers 37 ,
37 , 39 contractures
37 , 40 and
38 joint 39 contractures
40 and 42 atrophy
40 and 43 )
41 muscular 42 atrophy

unfortunately , there are currently no commercially [-] available actuators compatible with the human requirements of flexibility , quietness , lightness and a high power - [to] - weight ratio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 5 currently
4 are 10 actuators
6 no 10 actuators
7 commercially 9 available
9 available 10 actuators
10 actuators 11 compatible
10 actuators 22 and
11 compatible 12 with
12 with 15 requirements
13 the 15 requirements
14 human 15 requirements
15 requirements 16 of
16 of 17 flexibility
18 , 22 and
19 quietness 20 ,
20 , 21 lightness
20 , 22 and
22 and 25 power
22 and 26 -
22 and 28 -
23 a 24 high
23 a 25 power
24 high 25 power
28 - 30 ratio
28 - 31 .
29 weight 30 ratio

to fulfill the [above] demands , we have developed a novel actuation device using a metal hydride ( mh ) alloy and a [laminate] film , called the flexible mh actuator , as a human - friendly force generator for healthcare and welfare services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fulfill
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 to 2 fulfill
2 fulfill 5 demands
3 the 5 demands
6 , 7 we
6 , 9 developed
7 we 8 have
8 have 9 developed
9 developed 13 device
10 a 11 novel
10 a 13 device
11 novel 12 actuation
12 actuation 13 device
13 device 14 using
13 device 22 and
13 device 27 called
14 using 17 hydride
15 a 16 metal
15 a 17 hydride
16 metal 17 hydride
17 hydride 19 mh
18 ( 19 mh
19 mh 20 )
21 alloy 22 and
22 and 25 film
22 and 26 ,
22 and 27 called
23 a 25 film
27 called 31 actuator
28 the 31 actuator
29 flexible 31 actuator
30 mh 31 actuator
31 actuator 33 as
32 , 33 as
33 as 39 generator
33 as 45 .
34 a 35 human
34 a 39 generator
35 human 36 -
35 human 38 force
37 friendly 38 force
38 force 39 generator
39 generator 40 for
40 for 42 and
41 healthcare 42 and
42 and 44 services
43 welfare 44 services

in this paper , we show the basic structure and characteristics of the flexible mh actuator used to create a passive exercise system for preventing disuse syndromes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 show
6 show 9 structure
7 the 9 structure
8 basic 9 structure
10 and 11 characteristics
10 and 17 used
11 characteristics 12 of
11 characteristics 17 used
12 of 16 actuator
13 the 16 actuator
14 flexible 16 actuator
15 mh 16 actuator
17 used 18 to
17 used 19 create
18 to 19 create
19 create 23 system
20 a 21 passive
20 a 23 system
21 passive 22 exercise
22 exercise 23 system
23 system 24 for
24 for 25 preventing
25 preventing 27 syndromes
26 disuse 27 syndromes

to evaluate the efficiency of passive exercise for bedsore prevention , subcutaneous blood flow during passive exercise at common pressure - ulcer sites [is] measured by a laser blood flow meter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 sites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 to 2 evaluate
1 to 21 -
1 to 23 sites
2 evaluate 4 efficiency
3 the 4 efficiency
4 efficiency 5 of
5 of 7 exercise
6 passive 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 for
7 exercise 14 flow
8 for 10 prevention
9 bedsore 10 prevention
11 , 14 flow
12 subcutaneous 13 blood
13 blood 14 flow
14 flow 15 during
14 flow 21 -
15 during 17 exercise
16 passive 17 exercise
17 exercise 18 at
18 at 20 pressure
19 common 20 pressure
22 ulcer 23 sites
23 sites 25 measured
23 sites 29 blood
25 measured 26 by
26 by 28 laser
27 a 28 laser
29 blood 31 meter
30 flow 31 meter

the force and range - of [-] motion angle required for a passive exercise apparatus is also examined with the help of a professional physical therapist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 angle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 9 angle
2 force 3 and
3 and 4 range
3 and 5 -
3 and 6 of
3 and 9 angle
6 of 8 motion
9 angle 10 required
9 angle 16 is
10 required 11 for
11 for 15 apparatus
12 a 13 passive
12 a 15 apparatus
13 passive 14 exercise
14 exercise 15 apparatus
16 is 18 examined
17 also 18 examined
18 examined 19 with
19 with 21 help
20 the 21 help
21 help 22 of
22 of 26 therapist
23 a 24 professional
23 a 26 therapist
24 professional 26 therapist
25 physical 26 therapist

based on these findings , a prototype of a passive exercise apparatus is fabricated using the flexible mh actuator technology , and its operation characteristics are preliminarily verified using a thermoelectric control system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prototype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 fabricated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 7 prototype
2 on 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
6 a 7 prototype
7 prototype 8 of
7 prototype 13 is
8 of 12 apparatus
9 a 10 passive
9 a 12 apparatus
10 passive 11 exercise
11 exercise 12 apparatus
13 is 14 fabricated
14 fabricated 15 using
15 using 20 technology
16 the 20 technology
17 flexible 20 technology
18 mh 20 technology
19 actuator 20 technology
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 characteristics
22 and 28 verified
23 its 25 characteristics
24 operation 25 characteristics
25 characteristics 26 are
26 are 28 verified
27 preliminarily 28 verified
28 verified 29 using
29 using 33 system
30 a 31 thermoelectric
30 a 33 system
31 thermoelectric 32 control
32 control 33 system

we are developing a microwave tomographic system for assessment of overall bone health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 are
2 are 3 developing
3 developing 7 system
4 a 7 system
5 microwave 7 system
6 tomographic 7 system
7 system 8 for
8 for 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 of
10 of 13 health
11 overall 12 bone
12 bone 13 health

we hypothesize that as the mineralization of bone decreases due to the normal aging process and for more extreme situations such as osteoporosis , the dielectric property signature will also vary accordingly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 3 that
3 that 28 signature
3 that 31 vary
4 as 6 mineralization
4 as 24 ,
4 as 28 signature
5 the 6 mineralization
6 mineralization 7 of
7 of 9 decreases
8 bone 9 decreases
9 decreases 16 and
10 due 11 to
11 to 15 process
11 to 16 and
12 the 15 process
13 normal 15 process
14 aging 15 process
16 and 17 for
17 for 20 situations
18 more 19 extreme
19 extreme 20 situations
20 situations 22 as
21 such 22 as
22 as 23 osteoporosis
25 the 28 signature
26 dielectric 28 signature
27 property 28 signature
28 signature 29 will
29 will 31 vary
30 also 31 vary
31 vary 32 accordingly

to determine the merits of this approach , we have begun by performing initial exams of the heel to assess the level of image quality achievable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 4 merits
3 the 4 merits
4 merits 5 of
5 of 7 approach
6 this 7 approach
8 , 9 we
8 , 11 begun
9 we 10 have
10 have 11 begun
11 begun 12 by
11 begun 26 achievable
12 by 13 performing
13 performing 15 exams
13 performing 19 to
14 initial 15 exams
15 exams 16 of
16 of 18 heel
17 the 18 heel
19 to 20 assess
20 assess 22 level
21 the 22 level
22 level 23 of
23 of 25 quality
24 image 25 quality

early experience from our pilot study is encouraging and indicates that multiple planes of 2 d images produce good representations of the 3 d structural features within the heel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 early 2 experience
2 experience 3 from
2 experience 9 and
3 from 6 study
4 our 6 study
5 pilot 6 study
7 is 8 encouraging
7 is 9 and
9 and 10 indicates
10 indicates 13 planes
10 indicates 18 produce
11 that 12 multiple
12 multiple 13 planes
13 planes 14 of
13 planes 18 produce
14 of 17 images
15 2 16 d
16 d 17 images
18 produce 20 representations
18 produce 27 within
19 good 20 representations
20 representations 21 of
21 of 26 features
22 the 26 features
23 3 24 d
24 d 26 features
25 structural 26 features
27 within 29 heel
28 the 29 heel

wave speed is one of the key factors describing wave propagation in arteries [ 1 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 wave 2 speed
2 speed 3 is
3 is 4 one
4 one 5 of
5 of 8 factors
6 the 8 factors
7 key 8 factors
8 factors 9 describing
9 describing 11 propagation
9 describing 12 in
10 wave 11 propagation
12 in 13 arteries
13 arteries 15 1
14 [ 15 1
15 1 16 ]

local wave speed is directly related to the arterial wall properties [ 2 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 local 2 wave
2 wave 3 speed
3 speed 4 is
4 is 6 related
5 directly 6 related
6 related 7 to
7 to 11 properties
8 the 11 properties
9 arterial 10 wall
10 wall 11 properties
11 properties 13 2
12 [ 13 2
13 2 14 ]

with aging , arterial wave speed increases due to the stiffening [of] arterial wall , and also related to arterial disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 with 2 aging
1 with 3 ,
1 with 6 speed
4 arterial 5 wave
5 wave 6 speed
6 speed 16 and
7 increases 9 to
7 increases 16 and
8 due 9 to
9 to 14 wall
10 the 14 wall
11 stiffening 14 wall
13 arterial 14 wall
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 related
16 and 19 to
17 also 18 related
19 to 21 disease
20 arterial 21 disease

it is generally assumed that noninvasively - acquired neural signals contain an insufficient level of information for decoding or reconstructing detailed kinematics of natural , multi - joint limb movements and hand gestures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assumed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 assumed
3 generally 4 assumed
4 assumed 6 noninvasively
5 that 6 noninvasively
7 - 10 signals
7 - 11 contain
7 - 19 or
8 acquired 10 signals
9 neural 10 signals
10 signals 11 contain
11 contain 14 level
11 contain 17 for
12 an 14 level
13 insufficient 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 16 information
17 for 18 decoding
19 or 20 reconstructing
19 or 33 gestures
20 reconstructing 22 kinematics
20 reconstructing 33 gestures
21 detailed 22 kinematics
22 kinematics 23 of
23 of 31 and
24 natural 25 ,
24 natural 28 joint
26 multi 27 -
26 multi 28 joint
28 joint 29 limb
29 limb 30 movements
30 movements 31 and
31 and 32 hand

here , we review recent findings from our laboratory at the university of maryland showing that noninvasive scalp electroencephalography ( eeg ) or magnetoencephalography ( meg ) can [be] used to continuously decode the kinematics of 2 d ['] center - out ['] drawing , unconstrained 3 d ['] center - out ['] reaching and 3 d finger gesturing . 
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 6 findings
5 recent 6 findings
6 findings 7 from
6 findings 13 of
7 from 9 laboratory
8 our 9 laboratory
9 laboratory 10 at
10 at 12 university
11 the 12 university
13 of 23 or
14 maryland 15 showing
14 maryland 23 or
15 showing 16 that
15 showing 19 electroencephalography
17 noninvasive 19 electroencephalography
18 scalp 19 electroencephalography
19 electroencephalography 21 eeg
20 ( 21 eeg
21 eeg 22 )
23 or 28 can
23 or 30 used
24 magnetoencephalography 26 meg
24 magnetoencephalography 27 )
24 magnetoencephalography 28 can
25 ( 26 meg
26 meg 27 )
30 used 31 to
31 to 33 decode
32 continuously 33 decode
33 decode 35 kinematics
34 the 35 kinematics
35 kinematics 36 of
36 of 40 center
37 2 38 d
38 d 40 center
40 center 44 drawing
40 center 50 center
41 - 44 drawing
42 out 44 drawing
44 drawing 45 ,
45 , 50 center
46 unconstrained 50 center
47 3 48 d
48 d 50 center
50 center 55 and
50 center 60 .
51 - 55 and
52 out 54 reaching
52 out 55 and
55 and 58 finger
55 and 59 gesturing
55 and 60 .
56 3 57 d
57 d 58 finger

in a genome - wide sirna analysis of p16 ( ink4a ) ( p16 ) modulators , we identify the hedgehog ( hh ) pathway component sufu and formally demonstrate that hh signaling promotes mitogenesis by suppression of p16 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 genome
1 in 17 ,
1 in 18 we
2 a 3 genome
3 genome 7 analysis
4 - 7 analysis
5 wide 6 sirna
6 sirna 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 of
7 analysis 17 ,
8 of 9 p16
9 p16 11 ink4a
9 p16 16 modulators
10 ( 11 ink4a
11 ink4a 12 )
13 ( 16 modulators
14 p16 15 )
14 p16 16 modulators
16 modulators 17 ,
18 we 28 and
19 identify 27 sufu
19 identify 28 and
20 the 26 component
21 hedgehog 23 hh
21 hedgehog 26 component
22 ( 23 hh
23 hh 24 )
25 pathway 26 component
26 component 27 sufu
28 and 30 demonstrate
28 and 36 by
29 formally 30 demonstrate
30 demonstrate 31 that
31 that 32 hh
31 that 34 promotes
32 hh 33 signaling
32 hh 34 promotes
34 promotes 35 mitogenesis
36 by 37 suppression
37 suppression 38 of
38 of 39 p16

a fragment of the hh [-] responsive gli2 transcription factor directly binds and inhibits the p16 promoter and senescence is associated with the loss of nuclear gli2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fragment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 fragment
2 fragment 3 of
2 fragment 20 is
3 of 18 and
4 the 10 factor
5 hh 10 factor
7 responsive 9 transcription
8 gli2 9 transcription
9 transcription 10 factor
10 factor 13 and
10 factor 18 and
11 directly 12 binds
12 binds 13 and
13 and 14 inhibits
13 and 17 promoter
15 the 17 promoter
16 p16 17 promoter
18 and 19 senescence
20 is 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 loss
23 the 24 loss
24 loss 25 of
25 of 27 gli2
26 nuclear 27 gli2

hh components partially reside in the primary cilium ( pc ) , and the small fraction [of] cells in mass culture that elaborate a pc have the lowest expression of p16 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 components
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reside
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 hh 2 components
2 components 4 reside
3 partially 4 reside
4 reside 5 in
5 in 8 cilium
6 the 8 cilium
7 primary 8 cilium
8 cilium 10 pc
9 ( 10 pc
10 pc 11 )
12 , 13 and
13 and 18 cells
13 and 26 have
14 the 18 cells
15 small 16 fraction
16 fraction 18 cells
18 cells 19 in
18 cells 22 that
18 cells 23 elaborate
18 cells 26 have
19 in 21 culture
20 mass 21 culture
22 that 23 elaborate
23 elaborate 25 pc
24 a 25 pc
26 have 29 expression
27 the 28 lowest
27 the 29 expression
29 expression 30 of
30 of 31 p16

suppression of p16 is effected by both pc - dependent and - independent routes , and ablation of p16 renders cells insensitive to an hh inhibitor and increases pc formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 suppression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 suppression 2 of
1 suppression 4 is
2 of 3 p16
4 is 5 effected
5 effected 6 by
5 effected 9 -
5 effected 10 dependent
6 by 8 pc
7 both 8 pc
11 and 12 -
11 and 16 and
11 and 27 and
13 independent 14 routes
14 routes 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 ablation
16 and 18 of
16 and 27 and
18 of 19 p16
20 renders 21 cells
20 renders 27 and
21 cells 22 insensitive
22 insensitive 23 to
23 to 26 inhibitor
24 an 26 inhibitor
25 hh 26 inhibitor
27 and 28 increases
28 increases 30 formation
29 pc 30 formation

these results directly link a well [-] established developmental mitogenic pathway with a key tumor suppressor and contribute to the molecular understanding of replicative senescence , hh - mediated oncogenesis , and potentially the role of p16 in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 17 and
3 directly 4 link
4 link 11 pathway
4 link 17 and
5 a 11 pathway
6 well 8 established
8 established 11 pathway
9 developmental 11 pathway
10 mitogenic 11 pathway
11 pathway 12 with
12 with 16 suppressor
13 a 16 suppressor
14 key 16 suppressor
15 tumor 16 suppressor
17 and 18 contribute
17 and 19 to
17 and 32 and
19 to 22 understanding
20 the 22 understanding
21 molecular 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
22 understanding 27 hh
23 of 25 senescence
24 replicative 25 senescence
26 , 27 hh
27 hh 28 -
29 mediated 30 oncogenesis
30 oncogenesis 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 potentially
32 and 35 role
34 the 35 role
35 role 36 of
35 role 38 in
36 of 37 p16
38 in 39 aging

elderly urologic patients require the same cautions as used in development of treatment programs for them in other disciplines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 elderly 3 patients
2 urologic 3 patients
3 patients 4 require
4 require 7 cautions
4 require 8 as
4 require 10 in
5 the 6 same
6 same 7 cautions
8 as 9 used
10 in 11 development
11 development 12 of
11 development 17 in
12 of 14 programs
13 treatment 14 programs
14 programs 15 for
15 for 16 them
17 in 19 disciplines
18 other 19 disciplines

because of potential interference with poor renal function [or] crossover effects with central or peripheral nervous system , however , many urologic drugs must be titrated appropriately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 titrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 because 2 of
2 of 4 interference
2 of 23 drugs
3 potential 4 interference
5 with 11 effects
5 with 12 with
5 with 23 drugs
6 poor 8 function
7 renal 8 function
8 function 11 effects
10 crossover 11 effects
12 with 14 or
13 central 14 or
14 or 17 system
15 peripheral 17 system
16 nervous 17 system
18 , 19 however
19 however 20 ,
19 however 23 drugs
21 many 23 drugs
22 urologic 23 drugs
23 drugs 24 must
24 must 25 be
25 be 26 titrated
26 titrated 27 appropriately

in treating cancer , erectile dysfunction , incontinence or urinary infection , patient quality of life and life span become dominant factors in making therapeutic decisions , by behavioral change , medication , or surgical intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 treating
1 in 12 ,
1 in 17 and
2 treating 9 or
3 cancer 4 ,
4 , 6 dysfunction
4 , 7 ,
5 erectile 6 dysfunction
7 , 8 incontinence
7 , 9 or
9 or 11 infection
10 urinary 11 infection
13 patient 14 quality
14 quality 15 of
14 quality 17 and
15 of 16 life
17 and 19 span
17 and 20 become
18 life 19 span
20 become 34 or
21 dominant 22 factors
22 factors 23 in
22 factors 34 or
23 in 24 making
24 making 26 decisions
24 making 32 medication
25 therapeutic 26 decisions
26 decisions 28 by
27 , 28 by
28 by 30 change
28 by 31 ,
29 behavioral 30 change
33 , 34 or
34 or 36 intervention
35 surgical 36 intervention

erectile dysfunction ( ed ) is a common condition in aging men , with a prevalence of 52 % in men aged 40 to 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 erectile 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 4 ed
2 dysfunction 6 is
3 ( 4 ed
4 ed 5 )
6 is 9 condition
7 a 9 condition
8 common 9 condition
9 condition 10 in
10 in 11 aging
11 aging 12 men
13 , 21 men
13 , 22 aged
14 with 16 prevalence
14 with 21 men
15 a 16 prevalence
16 prevalence 17 of
17 of 20 in
18 52 20 in
19 % 20 in
21 men 22 aged
22 aged 26 years
23 40 24 to
24 to 25 70
24 to 26 years

it is frequently associated with several comorbid conditions , including cardiovascular disease , lower urinary tract symptoms , and testosterone deficiency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 associated
3 frequently 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 conditions
5 with 19 and
6 several 8 conditions
7 comorbid 8 conditions
8 conditions 10 including
9 , 10 including
10 including 12 disease
10 including 13 ,
11 cardiovascular 12 disease
14 lower 16 tract
15 urinary 16 tract
16 tract 17 symptoms
17 symptoms 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 deficiency
20 testosterone 21 deficiency

these conditions often have major consequences on the quality of life of patients and [require] adequate evaluation by the primary care practitioner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 conditions
2 conditions 4 have
3 often 4 have
4 have 6 consequences
4 have 7 on
4 have 18 by
5 major 6 consequences
7 on 9 quality
8 the 9 quality
9 quality 10 of
9 quality 12 of
10 of 11 life
12 of 14 and
13 patients 14 and
14 and 17 evaluation
16 adequate 17 evaluation
18 by 22 practitioner
19 the 22 practitioner
20 primary 21 care
21 care 22 practitioner

complaints of ed , therefore , serve as a marker for these conditions and give the practitioner an opportunity to prevent the consequences of a delay in treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 complaints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 complaints 2 of
1 complaints 14 and
2 of 3 ed
4 , 5 therefore
5 therefore 6 ,
5 therefore 7 serve
7 serve 8 as
7 serve 11 for
7 serve 14 and
8 as 10 marker
9 a 10 marker
11 for 13 conditions
12 these 13 conditions
14 and 15 give
14 and 27 in
15 give 17 practitioner
15 give 19 opportunity
16 the 17 practitioner
18 an 19 opportunity
19 opportunity 20 to
19 opportunity 21 prevent
20 to 21 prevent
21 prevent 23 consequences
22 the 23 consequences
23 consequences 24 of
24 of 26 delay
25 a 26 delay
27 in 28 treatment

in this article , the evidence behind these associations is described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 evidence
2 this 3 article
5 the 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 behind
6 evidence 10 is
7 behind 9 associations
8 these 9 associations
10 is 11 described

male lower urinary tract symptoms , benign prostatic hyperplasia , enlargement of the prostate , and bladder outlet obstruction are common among aging men and will increase in socioeconomic and medical importance at a time of increased life expectancy and aging of the baby boomer generation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 male 5 symptoms
2 lower 4 tract
3 urinary 4 tract
4 tract 5 symptoms
5 symptoms 6 ,
6 , 11 enlargement
6 , 16 and
7 benign 11 enlargement
8 prostatic 11 enlargement
9 hyperplasia 10 ,
9 hyperplasia 11 enlargement
11 enlargement 12 of
12 of 14 prostate
13 the 14 prostate
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 obstruction
16 and 20 are
17 bladder 18 outlet
18 outlet 19 obstruction
20 are 21 common
21 common 22 among
22 among 23 aging
23 aging 40 and
24 men 25 and
25 and 27 increase
25 and 28 in
25 and 33 at
25 and 36 of
25 and 40 and
26 will 27 increase
28 in 30 and
29 socioeconomic 30 and
30 and 32 importance
31 medical 32 importance
33 at 35 time
34 a 35 time
36 of 39 expectancy
37 increased 38 life
38 life 39 expectancy
40 and 41 aging
40 and 42 of
42 of 46 generation
43 the 46 generation
44 baby 45 boomer
45 boomer 46 generation

this article reviews the epidemiology , management , and therapeutic options for these conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 9 and
4 the 5 epidemiology
5 epidemiology 6 ,
6 , 7 management
6 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 options
9 and 12 for
10 therapeutic 11 options
12 for 14 conditions
13 these 14 conditions

in patients bothered by moderate to severe symptoms [,] providers can make educated and differential choices between several classes of drugs , alone or [in] combination , to treat effectively and improve the symptoms in most men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 patients
2 patients 3 bothered
2 patients 24 or
3 bothered 4 by
3 bothered 23 alone
4 by 14 and
5 moderate 6 to
5 moderate 13 educated
5 moderate 14 and
6 to 8 symptoms
7 severe 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 10 providers
8 symptoms 12 make
10 providers 11 can
11 can 12 make
14 and 16 choices
14 and 22 ,
15 differential 16 choices
16 choices 17 between
17 between 19 classes
18 several 19 classes
19 classes 20 of
20 of 21 drugs
24 or 26 combination
27 , 28 to
27 , 31 and
28 to 31 and
29 treat 30 effectively
29 treat 31 and
31 and 32 improve
31 and 35 in
32 improve 34 symptoms
33 the 34 symptoms
35 in 37 men
36 most 37 men

despite the efficacy of medical therapy , there will be patients who require referral to a urologist either early , to rule out prostate cancer and other conditions , or later , after initial medical therapy and lifestyle management has failed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 despite 3 efficacy
1 despite 7 ,
1 despite 8 there
2 the 3 efficacy
3 efficacy 4 of
4 of 6 therapy
5 medical 6 therapy
8 there 9 will
9 will 10 be
10 be 11 patients
11 patients 12 who
11 patients 13 require
12 who 13 require
13 require 14 referral
13 require 18 either
13 require 19 early
13 require 21 to
13 require 33 after
14 referral 15 to
15 to 17 urologist
16 a 17 urologist
20 , 21 to
21 to 22 rule
21 to 32 ,
22 rule 23 out
22 rule 30 or
24 prostate 25 cancer
25 cancer 26 and
26 and 28 conditions
26 and 30 or
27 other 28 conditions
29 , 30 or
30 or 31 later
33 after 36 therapy
34 initial 36 therapy
35 medical 36 therapy
37 and 38 lifestyle
37 and 41 failed
38 lifestyle 39 management
38 lifestyle 40 has
38 lifestyle 41 failed
39 management 40 has

perhaps as many as 30 % of patients fail to achieve sufficient symptom improvement with medication , lifestyle adjustment , and fluid management , and may require more invasive or surgical treatment options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 perhaps 6 %
2 as 3 many
3 many 4 as
4 as 5 30
5 30 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 25 and
7 of 8 patients
9 fail 10 to
9 fail 11 achieve
9 fail 25 and
10 to 11 achieve
11 achieve 14 improvement
11 achieve 15 with
12 sufficient 13 symptom
13 symptom 14 improvement
15 with 21 and
16 medication 17 ,
17 , 19 adjustment
17 , 21 and
18 lifestyle 19 adjustment
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 management
21 and 24 ,
22 fluid 23 management
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 may
26 may 27 require
27 require 32 treatment
27 require 33 options
28 more 32 treatment
29 invasive 30 or
30 or 31 surgical
30 or 32 treatment
32 treatment 33 options

background : the incidence of ischemia might be increased in the surgical repair of atherosclerotic unruptured aneurysms compared to [non] [-] atherosclerotic aneurysms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 incidence
2 : 9 increased
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
4 incidence 7 might
5 of 6 ischemia
7 might 8 be
8 be 9 increased
9 increased 10 in
10 in 13 repair
11 the 13 repair
12 surgical 13 repair
13 repair 14 of
14 of 17 aneurysms
15 atherosclerotic 17 aneurysms
16 unruptured 17 aneurysms
17 aneurysms 18 compared
18 compared 19 to
19 to 23 aneurysms
22 atherosclerotic 23 aneurysms

the atherosclerotic wall might increase the occurrence of thrombembolic events or its rigidity might endanger the occlusion of perforators within the aneurysm vicinity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 wall
2 atherosclerotic 3 wall
3 wall 4 might
4 might 11 or
5 increase 7 occurrence
5 increase 11 or
6 the 7 occurrence
7 occurrence 8 of
8 of 10 events
9 thrombembolic 10 events
11 or 15 endanger
12 its 13 rigidity
13 rigidity 14 might
14 might 15 endanger
15 endanger 17 occlusion
15 endanger 20 within
16 the 17 occlusion
17 occlusion 18 of
18 of 19 perforators
20 within 23 vicinity
21 the 23 vicinity
22 aneurysm 23 vicinity

methods : 87 patients ( 53 patients without [and] 34 patients with atherosclerotic unruptured aneurysms , 50.5 ± 9.7 years ) were analyzed for severity of atherosclerosis within the aneurysm and the aneurysm bearing vessel , surgical maneuvers , intraoperative alterations in evoked potentials and clinical and neuroradiological results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 4 patients
2 : 23 analyzed
2 : 36 ,
3 87 4 patients
4 patients 7 patients
4 patients 22 were
5 ( 7 patients
6 53 7 patients
7 patients 8 without
7 patients 12 with
7 patients 21 )
8 without 11 patients
10 34 11 patients
12 with 15 aneurysms
13 atherosclerotic 15 aneurysms
14 unruptured 15 aneurysms
15 aneurysms 20 years
16 , 20 years
17 50.5 20 years
18 ± 20 years
19 9.7 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 were 23 analyzed
23 analyzed 24 for
23 analyzed 28 within
24 for 25 severity
25 severity 26 of
26 of 27 atherosclerosis
28 within 31 and
29 the 30 aneurysm
30 aneurysm 31 and
31 and 35 vessel
31 and 36 ,
32 the 35 vessel
33 aneurysm 35 vessel
34 bearing 35 vessel
36 , 38 maneuvers
36 , 39 ,
37 surgical 38 maneuvers
39 , 45 and
40 intraoperative 41 alterations
41 alterations 42 in
41 alterations 45 and
42 in 44 potentials
43 evoked 44 potentials
45 and 49 results
46 clinical 47 and
47 and 48 neuroradiological
47 and 49 results

results : temporary vessel occlusion ( 25 % vs [.] 50 % , p = 0.021 ) , repositioning of a permanent clip ( 21 % vs [.] 56 % , p = 0.001 ) and aneurysm remnants ( 2 % vs [.] 18 % , p = 0.012 ) occurred more often in patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 occlusion
3 temporary 5 occlusion
4 vessel 5 occlusion
5 occlusion 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 25 8 %
8 % 9 vs
8 % 18 ,
9 vs 12 %
11 50 12 %
12 % 15 =
13 , 15 =
14 p 15 =
15 = 16 0.021
15 = 17 )
18 , 36 and
18 , 51 occurred
19 repositioning 20 of
19 repositioning 36 and
20 of 23 clip
21 a 22 permanent
21 a 23 clip
22 permanent 23 clip
23 clip 26 %
23 clip 33 =
24 ( 26 %
25 21 26 %
26 % 27 vs
26 % 31 ,
27 vs 30 %
29 56 30 %
31 , 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.001
33 = 35 )
36 and 38 remnants
36 and 41 %
36 and 48 =
36 and 51 occurred
37 aneurysm 38 remnants
39 ( 41 %
40 2 41 %
41 % 42 vs
41 % 46 ,
42 vs 45 %
44 18 45 %
46 , 48 =
47 p 48 =
48 = 49 0.012
48 = 50 )
51 occurred 53 often
51 occurred 54 in
51 occurred 56 with
52 more 53 often
54 in 55 patients
56 with 58 aneurysms
57 atherosclerotic 58 aneurysms

at 6 months , 3/34 patients with atherosclerosis ( 8.8 % ) had an unfavorable outcome , all patients without atherosclerosis had a favorable outcome ( p = 0.056 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 at 3 months
1 at 4 ,
1 at 6 patients
2 6 3 months
5 3/34 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 13 had
7 with 8 atherosclerosis
8 atherosclerosis 11 %
9 ( 11 %
10 8.8 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 had 16 outcome
14 an 15 unfavorable
14 an 16 outcome
15 unfavorable 16 outcome
17 , 19 patients
17 , 22 had
18 all 19 patients
19 patients 20 without
19 patients 22 had
20 without 21 atherosclerosis
22 had 25 outcome
23 a 24 favorable
23 a 25 outcome
24 favorable 25 outcome
25 outcome 28 =
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.056
28 = 30 )

conclusion : the surgical repair of unruptured aneurysms is safe but patients with atherosclerotic altered vessels and aneurysms accounted to a minor increase [in] unfavorable outcome and an increased risk of morbidity at 6 months postoperatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 repair
2 : 9 is
2 : 11 but
2 : 37 .
3 the 5 repair
4 surgical 5 repair
5 repair 6 of
5 repair 9 is
6 of 8 aneurysms
7 unruptured 8 aneurysms
9 is 10 safe
11 but 12 patients
11 but 19 accounted
12 patients 13 with
12 patients 19 accounted
13 with 17 and
14 atherosclerotic 16 vessels
15 altered 16 vessels
16 vessels 17 and
17 and 18 aneurysms
19 accounted 20 to
19 accounted 33 at
19 accounted 36 postoperatively
20 to 27 and
21 a 22 minor
21 a 26 outcome
22 minor 23 increase
23 increase 26 outcome
25 unfavorable 26 outcome
26 outcome 27 and
27 and 30 risk
27 and 31 of
28 an 30 risk
29 increased 30 risk
31 of 32 morbidity
33 at 35 months
34 6 35 months

this factor should be taken into consideration when performing surgery of atherosclerotic , unruptured aneurysms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 factor
2 factor 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 taken
5 taken 6 into
5 taken 8 when
6 into 7 consideration
8 when 9 performing
9 performing 10 surgery
10 surgery 11 of
11 of 15 aneurysms
12 atherosclerotic 13 ,
12 atherosclerotic 15 aneurysms
14 unruptured 15 aneurysms

the drug - dependent induction of premature senescence in neoplastic cells is considered per se an important tumor suppressive mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 drug
3 - 5 induction
3 - 13 considered
3 - 21 .
4 dependent 5 induction
5 induction 6 of
5 induction 12 is
6 of 8 senescence
7 premature 8 senescence
8 senescence 9 in
9 in 11 cells
10 neoplastic 11 cells
12 is 13 considered
13 considered 15 se
13 considered 20 mechanism
14 per 15 se
16 an 17 important
16 an 20 mechanism
17 important 18 tumor
18 tumor 20 mechanism
19 suppressive 20 mechanism

dna demethylating agents recently introduced in clinical trials , such as 5 - aza - cytidine ( decitabine ) and its derivatives , have been extensively characterized in recent years as antiproliferative compounds that act through multiple mechanisms , which have not yet been fully clarified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 dna 2 demethylating
1 dna 5 introduced
1 dna 20 and
2 demethylating 3 agents
4 recently 5 introduced
5 introduced 6 in
6 in 8 trials
7 clinical 8 trials
8 trials 11 as
9 , 11 as
10 such 11 as
11 as 12 5
11 as 19 )
12 5 16 cytidine
13 - 16 cytidine
14 aza 15 -
14 aza 16 cytidine
16 cytidine 18 decitabine
16 cytidine 19 )
17 ( 18 decitabine
18 decitabine 19 )
20 and 22 derivatives
21 its 22 derivatives
23 , 24 have
23 , 39 ,
24 have 25 been
25 been 26 extensively
25 been 27 characterized
27 characterized 28 in
27 characterized 31 as
27 characterized 36 through
28 in 30 years
29 recent 30 years
31 as 33 compounds
32 antiproliferative 33 compounds
33 compounds 34 that
33 compounds 35 act
34 that 35 act
36 through 38 mechanisms
37 multiple 38 mechanisms
39 , 40 which
39 , 44 been
40 which 41 have
41 have 42 not
41 have 44 been
43 yet 44 been
44 been 45 fully
44 been 46 clarified

we recently analyzed the introduction of decitabine in therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma ( mpm ) observing that , despite the ability to induce profound biological effects in mpm cells , the drug failed to generate a massive apoptotic response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 3 analyzed
2 recently 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 5 introduction
3 analyzed 8 in
4 the 5 introduction
5 introduction 6 of
6 of 7 decitabine
8 in 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 for
9 therapy 17 observing
10 for 13 mesothelioma
11 malignant 13 mesothelioma
12 pleural 13 mesothelioma
13 mesothelioma 15 mpm
14 ( 15 mpm
15 mpm 16 )
17 observing 18 that
18 that 33 drug
18 that 34 failed
19 , 20 despite
20 despite 22 ability
20 despite 31 ,
20 despite 33 drug
21 the 22 ability
22 ability 23 to
22 ability 24 induce
23 to 24 induce
24 induce 27 effects
24 induce 28 in
25 profound 27 effects
26 biological 27 effects
28 in 30 cells
29 mpm 30 cells
32 the 33 drug
33 drug 34 failed
34 failed 35 to
34 failed 36 generate
35 to 36 generate
36 generate 40 response
37 a 38 massive
37 a 40 response
38 massive 40 response
39 apoptotic 40 response

since one of the most intriguing aspects of dna demethylating agents is the possibility to accelerate the senescent response of tumor cells , we investigated the hypothesis of decitabine inducing , in vitro , the premature aging of mpm cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 since 2 one
1 since 12 is
1 since 24 we
2 one 3 of
2 one 12 is
3 of 7 aspects
4 the 5 most
5 most 7 aspects
6 intriguing 7 aspects
7 aspects 8 of
8 of 9 dna
9 dna 10 demethylating
10 demethylating 11 agents
12 is 14 possibility
13 the 14 possibility
15 to 16 accelerate
15 to 23 ,
15 to 24 we
16 accelerate 19 response
17 the 19 response
18 senescent 19 response
19 response 20 of
20 of 22 cells
21 tumor 22 cells
24 we 25 investigated
25 investigated 27 hypothesis
26 the 27 hypothesis
27 hypothesis 28 of
27 hypothesis 30 inducing
27 hypothesis 38 of
28 of 29 decitabine
30 inducing 33 vitro
30 inducing 37 aging
31 , 33 vitro
32 in 33 vitro
33 vitro 34 ,
35 the 37 aging
36 premature 37 aging
38 of 40 cells
39 mpm 40 cells

in child - care centres , the influence of caregivers on the development of peer interactions seems ambivalent and mixed results are reported in the literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 child
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 influence
2 child 5 centres
3 - 5 centres
4 care 5 centres
5 centres 6 ,
7 the 8 influence
8 influence 9 of
8 influence 17 seems
9 of 10 caregivers
10 caregivers 11 on
11 on 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 16 interactions
15 peer 16 interactions
17 seems 18 ambivalent
19 and 21 results
19 and 23 reported
20 mixed 21 results
21 results 22 are
22 are 23 reported
23 reported 24 in
24 in 26 literature
25 the 26 literature

adopting an environmental approach , we examined the effects of the caregivers ' spatial proximity on children 's social behaviour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 adopting 4 approach
1 adopting 5 ,
1 adopting 6 we
2 an 3 environmental
2 an 4 approach
3 environmental 4 approach
6 we 7 examined
7 examined 9 effects
7 examined 16 on
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 15 proximity
11 the 12 caregivers
12 caregivers 13 '
13 ' 15 proximity
14 spatial 15 proximity
16 on 20 behaviour
17 children 18 's
18 's 20 behaviour
19 social 20 behaviour

the study was carried out with 175 children ( 18 - 40 months ) in 12 child - care - centre groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 carried
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 6 with
4 carried 11 -
4 carried 15 in
6 with 8 children
7 175 8 children
9 ( 11 -
10 18 11 -
11 - 13 months
11 - 14 )
12 40 13 months
15 in 17 child
16 12 17 child
17 child 19 care
18 - 19 care
19 care 20 -
20 - 21 centre
20 - 23 .
21 centre 22 groups

children 's behaviours were observed during free plays , and both children and caregivers ' locations were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 behaviours
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 children 2 's
2 's 3 behaviours
3 behaviours 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 during
6 during 10 and
7 free 8 plays
8 plays 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 children
11 both 12 children
13 and 16 locations
13 and 18 recorded
14 caregivers 15 '
15 ' 16 locations
16 locations 17 were
17 were 18 recorded

when peers were nearby , children 's social behaviours were compared when they were in the immediate proximity ( within 2 m ) and out of the immediate proximity of a caregiver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 behaviours
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 when 2 peers
1 when 3 were
1 when 5 ,
1 when 9 behaviours
2 peers 3 were
3 were 4 nearby
6 children 7 's
7 's 9 behaviours
8 social 9 behaviours
9 behaviours 10 were
10 were 11 compared
11 compared 12 when
12 when 13 they
12 when 14 were
13 they 14 were
14 were 24 and
15 in 18 proximity
15 in 24 and
16 the 18 proximity
17 immediate 18 proximity
18 proximity 20 within
19 ( 20 within
20 within 22 m
20 within 23 )
21 2 22 m
24 and 26 of
25 out 26 of
26 of 29 proximity
27 the 29 proximity
28 immediate 29 proximity
29 proximity 30 of
30 of 32 caregiver
31 a 32 caregiver

results show that in the latter situation children spend substantially more time addressing social overture [to] peers and interacting with them ; positive interactions with peers show a particularly marked difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 addressing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 that
2 show 4 in
4 in 6 latter
5 the 6 latter
6 latter 8 children
6 latter 13 addressing
7 situation 8 children
8 children 9 spend
9 spend 12 time
9 spend 13 addressing
10 substantially 11 more
11 more 12 time
13 addressing 18 and
14 social 15 overture
15 overture 17 peers
17 peers 18 and
18 and 19 interacting
18 and 20 with
20 with 21 them
22 ; 24 interactions
22 ; 27 show
23 positive 24 interactions
24 interactions 25 with
24 interactions 27 show
25 with 26 peers
27 show 31 difference
28 a 31 difference
29 particularly 30 marked
30 marked 31 difference

this pattern of results is exhibited by the greater part of the children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 of
2 pattern 5 is
3 of 4 results
5 is 6 exhibited
6 exhibited 7 by
7 by 10 part
8 the 10 part
9 greater 10 part
10 part 11 of
11 of 13 children
12 the 13 children

whatever the child - care - centre group , the age subgroup or the gender considered similar results are found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 whatever 2 the
1 whatever 3 child
1 whatever 6 -
1 whatever 13 or
2 the 3 child
3 child 5 care
4 - 5 care
5 care 6 -
7 centre 8 group
8 group 9 ,
9 , 12 subgroup
9 , 13 or
10 the 12 subgroup
11 age 12 subgroup
13 or 15 gender
13 or 16 considered
13 or 19 are
14 the 15 gender
16 considered 18 results
17 similar 18 results
19 are 20 found

results also demonstrate that when children are in the immediate proximity of caregivers they are socially oriented towards the attractive adult partners rather than towards peers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 results 3 demonstrate
2 also 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 14 they
4 that 17 oriented
5 when 6 children
5 when 7 are
5 when 14 they
6 children 7 are
7 are 8 in
8 in 11 proximity
9 the 11 proximity
10 immediate 11 proximity
11 proximity 12 of
12 of 13 caregivers
14 they 15 are
15 are 16 socially
15 are 17 oriented
17 oriented 18 towards
17 oriented 24 than
18 towards 22 partners
19 the 22 partners
20 attractive 21 adult
21 adult 22 partners
23 rather 24 than
24 than 25 towards
25 towards 26 peers

age - related changes in immune function [leave] older adults at risk for a host of inflammatory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 changes
3 related 5 in
3 related 11 at
5 in 10 adults
6 immune 7 function
7 function 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 at 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 18 diseases
14 a 15 host
15 host 16 of
15 host 18 diseases
16 of 18 diseases
17 inflammatory 18 diseases

immune - mediated inflammatory processes are regulated by neuroendocrine hormones , including glucocorticoids , dehydroepiandrosterone , and the catecholamines , epinephrine , and norepinephrine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 immune 2 -
1 immune 5 processes
3 mediated 5 processes
4 inflammatory 5 processes
5 processes 6 are
6 are 7 regulated
7 regulated 8 by
7 regulated 12 including
8 by 10 hormones
9 neuroendocrine 10 hormones
11 , 12 including
12 including 13 glucocorticoids
12 including 14 ,
14 , 23 and
15 dehydroepiandrosterone 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 catecholamines
17 and 21 epinephrine
17 and 23 and
18 the 19 catecholamines
20 , 21 epinephrine
21 epinephrine 22 ,
23 and 24 norepinephrine

this regulation , however , becomes impaired in older adults in light of age - related changes [in] endocrine function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 becomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 this 2 regulation
2 regulation 6 becomes
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 becomes
6 becomes 7 impaired
7 impaired 8 in
7 impaired 11 in
8 in 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 in 12 light
12 light 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 - 20 function
15 - 21 .
16 related 17 changes
17 changes 20 function
19 endocrine 20 function

chronic stress shows similarly harmful effects on neuroendocrine and immune function and may , therefore , combine with age to further increase disease risk in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 chronic 2 stress
2 stress 12 and
3 shows 4 similarly
3 shows 6 effects
3 shows 7 on
3 shows 12 and
5 harmful 6 effects
7 on 9 and
8 neuroendocrine 9 and
9 and 11 function
10 immune 11 function
12 and 13 may
12 and 20 to
13 may 17 combine
14 , 15 therefore
15 therefore 16 ,
15 therefore 17 combine
17 combine 18 with
18 with 19 age
20 to 21 further
21 further 24 risk
21 further 25 in
22 increase 23 disease
23 disease 24 risk
25 in 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

this article highlights evidence for the impact of age and stress on neuroendocrine regulation of inflammatory processes that may substantially increase risk for inflammatory disease at older ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 highlights
3 highlights 4 evidence
3 highlights 5 for
3 highlights 12 on
3 highlights 23 for
3 highlights 26 at
5 for 10 and
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
7 impact 10 and
8 of 9 age
10 and 11 stress
12 on 14 regulation
13 neuroendocrine 14 regulation
14 regulation 15 of
15 of 17 processes
16 inflammatory 17 processes
17 processes 18 that
17 processes 19 may
18 that 19 may
19 may 21 increase
20 substantially 21 increase
21 increase 22 risk
23 for 25 disease
24 inflammatory 25 disease
26 at 28 ages
27 older 28 ages

there are numerous examples of sex differences in brain and behavior and in susceptibility to a broad range of brain diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 examples
3 numerous 4 examples
4 examples 5 of
5 of 7 differences
6 sex 7 differences
7 differences 12 and
8 in 10 and
8 in 12 and
9 brain 10 and
10 and 11 behavior
12 and 13 in
13 in 14 susceptibility
14 susceptibility 15 to
14 susceptibility 19 of
15 to 18 range
16 a 17 broad
16 a 18 range
17 broad 18 range
19 of 21 diseases
20 brain 21 diseases

for example , gene expression is sexually dimorphic during brain development , adult life , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 5 expression
4 gene 5 expression
5 expression 6 is
6 is 7 sexually
6 is 8 dimorphic
8 dimorphic 9 during
9 during 16 and
10 brain 11 development
11 development 12 ,
12 , 14 life
12 , 16 and
13 adult 14 life
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 aging

these differences are orchestrated by the interplay between genetic , hormonal , and environmental influences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 orchestrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 differences
2 differences 3 are
3 are 4 orchestrated
4 orchestrated 5 by
4 orchestrated 8 between
5 by 7 interplay
6 the 7 interplay
8 between 15 influences
9 genetic 10 ,
10 , 11 hormonal
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 environmental
13 and 15 influences

however , the molecular mechanisms that underpin these differences have not been fully elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 molecular 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 that
5 mechanisms 7 underpin
5 mechanisms 10 have
6 that 7 underpin
7 underpin 9 differences
8 these 9 differences
10 have 11 not
10 have 12 been
12 been 13 fully
12 been 14 elucidated

because recent studies have highlighted the key roles played by epigenetic processes in regulating gene expression and mediating brain form and function , this chapter reviews emerging evidence that shows how epigenetic mechanisms including dna methylation , histone modifications , and chromatin remodeling , and [non] [-] coding rnas ( ncrnas ) are responsible for promoting sexual dimorphism in the brain [.] 
1 because 3 studies
1 because 5 highlighted
1 because 8 roles
2 recent 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 highlighted
5 highlighted 7 key
6 the 7 key
8 roles 9 played
8 roles 13 in
8 roles 19 brain
9 played 10 by
10 by 12 processes
11 epigenetic 12 processes
13 in 17 and
14 regulating 15 gene
15 gene 16 expression
16 expression 17 and
17 and 18 mediating
19 brain 28 evidence
20 form 21 and
21 and 22 function
21 and 23 ,
21 and 25 chapter
21 and 26 reviews
21 and 27 emerging
21 and 28 evidence
24 this 25 chapter
25 chapter 26 reviews
28 evidence 29 that
28 evidence 30 shows
29 that 30 shows
30 shows 31 how
31 how 32 epigenetic
32 epigenetic 36 methylation
33 mechanisms 36 methylation
34 including 36 methylation
35 dna 36 methylation
36 methylation 37 ,
37 , 39 modifications
37 , 41 and
38 histone 39 modifications
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 remodeling
41 and 45 and
42 chromatin 43 remodeling
44 , 45 and
45 and 49 rnas
45 and 51 ncrnas
45 and 53 are
48 coding 49 rnas
50 ( 51 ncrnas
51 ncrnas 52 )
53 are 54 responsible
54 responsible 55 for
55 for 56 promoting
56 promoting 58 dimorphism
57 sexual 58 dimorphism
58 dimorphism 59 in
59 in 61 brain
60 the 61 brain

differential profiles of dna methylation and histone modifications are found in dimorphic brain regions such as the hypothalamus as a result of sex hormone exposure during developmental critical periods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 differential 2 profiles
2 profiles 3 of
2 profiles 6 and
3 of 5 methylation
4 dna 5 methylation
6 and 8 modifications
6 and 9 are
7 histone 8 modifications
9 are 10 found
10 found 11 in
10 found 19 as
11 in 14 regions
12 dimorphic 13 brain
13 brain 14 regions
14 regions 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 hypothalamus
17 the 18 hypothalamus
19 as 21 result
20 a 21 result
21 result 22 of
21 result 26 during
22 of 25 exposure
23 sex 25 exposure
24 hormone 25 exposure
26 during 29 periods
27 developmental 29 periods
28 critical 29 periods

the elaboration of specific epigenetic marks is also linked with regulating sex hormone signaling pathways later in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elaboration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 elaboration
2 elaboration 3 of
2 elaboration 7 is
3 of 6 marks
4 specific 6 marks
5 epigenetic 6 marks
7 is 9 linked
8 also 9 linked
9 linked 10 with
10 with 11 regulating
11 regulating 15 pathways
11 regulating 17 in
12 sex 15 pathways
13 hormone 15 pathways
14 signaling 15 pathways
15 pathways 16 later
17 in 18 life

furthermore , the expression and function of epigenetic factors such as the methyl - cpg - binding protein , mecp2 , and the histone - modifying enzymes , utx and uty , are sexually dimorphic in the brain . ncrnas are also implicated in promoting sex differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 22 and
3 the 4 expression
4 expression 5 and
5 and 6 function
5 and 7 of
5 and 22 and
7 of 9 factors
8 epigenetic 9 factors
9 factors 11 as
9 factors 17 binding
9 factors 20 mecp2
10 such 11 as
11 as 13 methyl
12 the 13 methyl
13 methyl 15 cpg
14 - 15 cpg
15 cpg 16 -
16 - 17 binding
17 binding 18 protein
17 binding 19 ,
19 , 20 mecp2
20 mecp2 21 ,
22 and 24 histone
22 and 25 -
22 and 26 modifying
22 and 31 uty
22 and 33 are
23 the 24 histone
26 modifying 27 enzymes
28 , 31 uty
29 utx 30 and
30 and 31 uty
31 uty 32 ,
33 are 35 dimorphic
34 sexually 35 dimorphic
35 dimorphic 36 in
36 in 38 brain
37 the 38 brain
39 . 40 ncrnas
39 . 43 implicated
39 . 48 .
40 ncrnas 41 are
41 are 42 also
41 are 43 implicated
43 implicated 44 in
44 in 45 promoting
45 promoting 47 differences
46 sex 47 differences

for example , [x] inactivation - specific transcript [(] xist ) is a long ncrna that mediates [x] chromosome inactivation , a seminal developmental process that is particularly important in brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 inactivation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 5 inactivation
5 inactivation 10 xist
5 inactivation 12 is
6 - 10 xist
7 specific 8 transcript
8 transcript 10 xist
10 xist 11 )
12 is 15 ncrna
13 a 14 long
13 a 15 ncrna
14 long 15 ncrna
15 ncrna 16 that
15 ncrna 17 mediates
15 ncrna 25 process
16 that 17 mediates
17 mediates 20 inactivation
19 chromosome 20 inactivation
21 , 25 process
22 a 23 seminal
22 a 25 process
23 seminal 25 process
24 developmental 25 process
25 process 26 that
25 process 27 is
25 process 32 .
26 that 27 is
27 is 29 important
28 particularly 29 important
29 important 30 in
30 in 31 brain

these observations imply that understanding epigenetic mechanisms , which regulate dimorphic gene expression and function , is necessary for developing a more comprehensive view of sex differences in brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 observations
2 observations 3 imply
3 imply 4 that
4 that 5 understanding
4 that 17 is
5 understanding 7 mechanisms
5 understanding 17 is
6 epigenetic 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 9 which
8 , 9 which
9 which 14 and
9 which 16 ,
10 regulate 13 expression
10 regulate 14 and
11 dimorphic 12 gene
12 gene 13 expression
14 and 15 function
17 is 18 necessary
18 necessary 19 for
19 for 20 developing
20 developing 24 view
20 developing 28 in
21 a 24 view
22 more 23 comprehensive
23 comprehensive 24 view
24 view 25 of
25 of 27 differences
26 sex 27 differences
28 in 29 brain

these emerging findings also suggest that epigenetic mechanisms are [,] in part [,] responsible for the differential susceptibility between males and females that is characteristic of a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 3 findings
2 emerging 3 findings
3 findings 5 suggest
4 also 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 mechanisms
6 that 9 are
7 epigenetic 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 are
9 are 12 part
9 are 14 responsible
11 in 12 part
14 responsible 15 for
15 for 18 susceptibility
16 the 18 susceptibility
17 differential 18 susceptibility
18 susceptibility 19 between
18 susceptibility 23 that
18 susceptibility 24 is
18 susceptibility 26 of
19 between 21 and
20 males 21 and
21 and 22 females
23 that 24 is
24 is 25 characteristic
26 of 28 spectrum
27 a 28 spectrum
28 spectrum 29 of
29 of 33 disorders
30 neurological 31 and
31 and 32 psychiatric
31 and 33 disorders

at a population level , women and men differ in a wide variety of behavioral traits and in the probabilities of developing certain mental disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 at 3 population
1 at 7 and
2 a 3 population
4 level 5 ,
5 , 6 women
5 , 7 and
7 and 8 men
7 and 9 differ
9 differ 17 and
10 in 13 variety
10 in 17 and
11 a 12 wide
11 a 13 variety
12 wide 13 variety
13 variety 14 of
14 of 16 traits
15 behavioral 16 traits
17 and 18 in
18 in 20 probabilities
19 the 20 probabilities
20 probabilities 21 of
21 of 22 developing
22 developing 25 disorders
23 certain 25 disorders
24 mental 25 disorders

some of these sex differences may be related to sexual dimorphism in brain structure , [as] it emerges during prenatal and post - natal development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 some 2 of
1 some 5 differences
2 of 5 differences
3 these 5 differences
4 sex 5 differences
5 differences 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 related
8 related 9 to
8 related 12 in
9 to 11 dimorphism
10 sexual 11 dimorphism
12 in 14 structure
13 brain 14 structure
15 , 17 it
15 , 18 emerges
17 it 18 emerges
18 emerges 19 during
19 during 21 and
20 prenatal 21 and
21 and 22 post
21 and 25 development
23 - 25 development
24 natal 25 development
25 development 26 .

here , i provide a brief overview of the sex - chromosome - specific pathways that underlie sexual dimorphisms in general , [describe] the most common brain phenotypes derived in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging , discuss the challenges in interpreting these phenotypes vis - [à] [-] vis [the] underlying neurobiology , and , finally , review the known sex differences in brain structure from birth , through adolescence , to adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 provide
4 provide 7 overview
5 a 7 overview
6 brief 7 overview
7 overview 8 of
8 of 10 sex
9 the 10 sex
11 - 12 chromosome
11 - 22 ,
12 chromosome 15 pathways
13 - 15 pathways
14 specific 15 pathways
15 pathways 16 that
15 pathways 17 underlie
15 pathways 22 ,
16 that 17 underlie
17 underlie 19 dimorphisms
17 underlie 20 in
18 sexual 19 dimorphisms
20 in 21 general
22 , 25 most
24 the 25 most
25 most 27 brain
25 most 28 phenotypes
25 most 36 ,
26 common 27 brain
27 brain 28 phenotypes
29 derived 31 vivo
29 derived 32 with
29 derived 36 ,
30 in 31 vivo
32 with 35 imaging
33 magnetic 35 imaging
34 resonance 35 imaging
36 , 37 discuss
37 discuss 39 challenges
38 the 39 challenges
39 challenges 40 in
40 in 41 interpreting
41 interpreting 42 these
41 interpreting 53 and
42 these 53 and
43 phenotypes 53 and
44 vis 51 neurobiology
45 - 51 neurobiology
48 vis 51 neurobiology
50 underlying 51 neurobiology
51 neurobiology 52 ,
52 , 53 and
53 and 57 review
53 and 65 from
54 , 55 finally
55 finally 56 ,
55 finally 57 review
57 review 61 differences
57 review 62 in
58 the 61 differences
59 known 60 sex
60 sex 61 differences
62 in 64 structure
63 brain 64 structure
65 from 66 birth
66 birth 69 adolescence
66 birth 71 to
67 , 69 adolescence
68 through 69 adolescence
69 adolescence 70 ,
70 , 71 to
71 to 72 adulthood
71 to 73 .

introduction : delayed graft [function] ( dgf ) is a common complication in kidney transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 graft
2 : 9 is
2 : 16 .
3 delayed 4 graft
4 graft 7 dgf
4 graft 9 is
6 ( 7 dgf
7 dgf 8 )
9 is 12 complication
10 a 11 common
10 a 12 complication
11 common 12 complication
12 complication 13 in
13 in 15 transplantation
14 kidney 15 transplantation

we sought to evaluate possible [correlates] for dgf including intraoperative parameters , focusing on fluid replacement and central venous pressure ( cvp ) values among patients undergoing kidney transplantation at our center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 24 values
2 sought 25 among
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 17 and
5 possible 7 for
5 possible 12 ,
7 for 8 dgf
8 dgf 9 including
9 including 11 parameters
10 intraoperative 11 parameters
12 , 13 focusing
12 , 17 and
13 focusing 14 on
14 on 16 replacement
15 fluid 16 replacement
17 and 20 pressure
17 and 22 cvp
18 central 20 pressure
19 venous 20 pressure
21 ( 22 cvp
22 cvp 23 )
25 among 26 patients
26 patients 27 undergoing
27 undergoing 29 transplantation
28 kidney 29 transplantation
29 transplantation 30 at
30 at 32 center
31 our 32 center

methods : one hundred fifty - five cadaveric donor transplantations performed at our center between 2001 and 2005 were selected for the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 fifty
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 fifty
6 - 10 transplantations
6 - 20 selected
6 - 24 .
7 five 10 transplantations
8 cadaveric 10 transplantations
9 donor 10 transplantations
10 transplantations 11 performed
10 transplantations 19 were
11 performed 12 at
11 performed 15 between
12 at 14 center
13 our 14 center
15 between 17 and
16 2001 17 and
17 and 18 2005
19 were 20 selected
20 selected 21 for
21 for 23 study
22 the 23 study

we compared intraoperative parameters together with 15 other clinical and socio - demographic recipient and donor variables among patients experiencing dgf ( n = 58 ) versus those with immediate graft [function] ( igf [;] n = 97 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 parameters
2 compared 5 together
2 compared 6 with
3 intraoperative 4 parameters
6 with 17 variables
7 15 8 other
8 other 17 variables
9 clinical 10 and
10 and 14 recipient
10 and 15 and
11 socio 12 -
11 socio 14 recipient
13 demographic 14 recipient
15 and 16 donor
15 and 17 variables
17 variables 18 among
17 variables 29 with
18 among 19 patients
19 patients 20 experiencing
19 patients 27 versus
20 experiencing 21 dgf
21 dgf 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 58
24 = 26 )
27 versus 28 those
29 with 31 graft
30 immediate 31 graft
31 graft 34 igf
33 ( 34 igf
34 igf 37 =
34 igf 39 )
36 n 37 =
37 = 38 97

all significant [variables] at p < . 05 upon univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to identify risk factors for dgf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 entered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 all 2 significant
1 all 6 <
2 significant 4 at
4 at 5 p
7 . 8 05
8 05 9 upon
8 05 12 were
9 upon 11 analysis
10 univariate 11 analysis
12 were 13 entered
13 entered 14 into
13 entered 20 to
14 into 19 model
15 a 19 model
16 multivariate 17 logistic
17 logistic 18 regression
18 regression 19 model
20 to 21 identify
21 identify 23 factors
22 risk 23 factors
23 factors 24 for
24 for 25 dgf

conclusions : our data suggested that reduced intraoperative perfusion as measured using cvp monitoring might increase dgf risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 suggested
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 suggested
5 suggested 6 that
5 suggested 7 reduced
6 that 7 reduced
7 reduced 9 perfusion
7 reduced 10 as
8 intraoperative 9 perfusion
10 as 11 measured
11 measured 12 using
11 measured 18 risk
12 using 13 cvp
13 cvp 14 monitoring
13 cvp 16 increase
14 monitoring 15 might
15 might 16 increase
17 dgf 18 risk

this study provides the rationale to further investigate the optimal cvp target during this surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 rationale
3 provides 6 to
4 the 5 rationale
6 to 8 investigate
7 further 8 investigate
8 investigate 12 target
8 investigate 13 during
9 the 12 target
10 optimal 12 target
11 cvp 12 target
13 during 15 surgery
14 this 15 surgery

objective : cerebral white matter lesions ( wmls ) are radiologic markers of small vessel disease in brain , and inflammatory processes were related to wmls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 6 lesions
2 : 10 are
2 : 20 and
3 cerebral 4 white
4 white 6 lesions
5 matter 6 lesions
6 lesions 8 wmls
6 lesions 10 are
7 ( 8 wmls
8 wmls 9 )
10 are 12 markers
10 are 17 in
11 radiologic 12 markers
12 markers 13 of
13 of 16 disease
14 small 16 disease
15 vessel 16 disease
17 in 18 brain
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 processes
20 and 24 related
21 inflammatory 22 processes
22 processes 23 were
23 were 24 related
24 related 25 to
25 to 26 wmls

we propose to determine if elevated leukocyte [count] was associated with a higher risk of wmls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 to
2 propose 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 if
5 if 7 leukocyte
5 if 10 associated
6 elevated 7 leukocyte
7 leukocyte 9 was
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 14 risk
12 a 14 risk
13 higher 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 16 wmls

methods : 1586 asymptomatic subjects who visited our hospital for a routine health check [-] up were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 subjects
2 : 18 enrolled
2 : 19 .
3 1586 5 subjects
4 asymptomatic 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 who
5 subjects 7 visited
5 subjects 17 were
6 who 7 visited
7 visited 9 hospital
7 visited 10 for
7 visited 16 up
8 our 9 hospital
10 for 14 check
11 a 12 routine
11 a 14 check
12 routine 14 check
13 health 14 check
17 were 18 enrolled

leukocyte counts were measured and the presence of moderate to severe wmls was determined by brain mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 leukocyte
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 leukocyte 2 counts
1 leukocyte 8 of
1 leukocyte 9 moderate
1 leukocyte 13 was
2 counts 3 were
3 were 5 and
4 measured 5 and
5 and 7 presence
5 and 8 of
6 the 7 presence
9 moderate 10 to
10 to 12 wmls
11 severe 12 wmls
13 was 14 determined
14 determined 15 by
15 by 17 mri
16 brain 17 mri

results : thirty ( 1.9 % ) had moderate to severe wmls , and a significant greater proportion ( 4.1 % ) [of] subjects in the highest leukocyte count quartile had moderate to severe wmls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 thirty
2 : 8 had
3 thirty 6 %
3 thirty 8 had
4 ( 6 %
5 1.9 6 %
6 % 7 )
8 had 24 subjects
9 moderate 10 to
9 moderate 14 and
10 to 12 wmls
11 severe 12 wmls
13 , 14 and
14 and 18 proportion
14 and 21 %
14 and 24 subjects
15 a 16 significant
15 a 18 proportion
16 significant 18 proportion
17 greater 18 proportion
19 ( 21 %
20 4.1 21 %
21 % 22 )
24 subjects 25 in
24 subjects 32 moderate
25 in 29 count
26 the 27 highest
26 the 29 count
28 leukocyte 29 count
29 count 30 quartile
29 count 31 had
30 quartile 31 had
32 moderate 33 to
33 to 35 wmls
34 severe 35 wmls

after adjusting by c - reactive protein , aspirin use and cardiovascular risk factors , the highest quartile of leukocyte [count] ( ≥6.7×10⁹/l ) was significantly associated with moderate to severe wmls compared with the lowest quartile [ adjusted odds [ratio] , 4.03 [;] 95 % confidence interval , 1.05 - 15.5 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 5 -
1 after 11 and
2 adjusting 3 by
3 by 4 c
6 reactive 7 protein
7 protein 8 ,
8 , 10 use
8 , 11 and
9 aspirin 10 use
11 and 12 cardiovascular
11 and 13 risk
13 risk 14 factors
15 , 17 highest
15 , 29 moderate
16 the 17 highest
17 highest 18 quartile
17 highest 28 with
17 highest 29 moderate
18 quartile 19 of
18 quartile 23 ≥6.7×10⁹/l
18 quartile 25 was
19 of 20 leukocyte
22 ( 23 ≥6.7×10⁹/l
23 ≥6.7×10⁹/l 24 )
25 was 26 significantly
25 was 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
29 moderate 30 to
29 moderate 34 with
29 moderate 51 -
30 to 32 wmls
31 severe 32 wmls
32 wmls 33 compared
34 with 48 interval
35 the 36 lowest
35 the 48 interval
37 quartile 40 odds
37 quartile 42 ,
37 quartile 48 interval
38 [ 40 odds
39 adjusted 40 odds
40 odds 42 ,
43 4.03 48 interval
45 95 46 %
46 % 48 interval
47 confidence 48 interval
49 , 51 -
50 1.05 51 -
51 - 52 15.5
51 - 53 ]

conclusion : the authors report for the first time that an elevated leukocyte count is independently associated with moderate to severe wmls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 report
3 the 5 report
4 authors 5 report
5 report 6 for
5 report 19 moderate
6 for 9 time
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 time
9 time 10 that
9 time 18 with
10 that 14 count
10 that 17 associated
11 an 14 count
12 elevated 14 count
13 leukocyte 14 count
14 count 15 is
15 is 17 associated
16 independently 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
19 moderate 20 to
20 to 22 wmls
21 severe 22 wmls

prevalence of dementing illnesses is expected to grow due to aging of the population throughout the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 prevalence 2 of
1 prevalence 5 is
2 of 4 illnesses
3 dementing 4 illnesses
5 is 6 expected
6 expected 7 to
6 expected 8 grow
7 to 8 grow
8 grow 10 to
8 grow 15 throughout
9 due 10 to
10 to 11 aging
11 aging 12 of
12 of 14 population
13 the 14 population
15 throughout 17 world
16 the 17 world

vascular dementia and alzheimer 's disease share several risk factors and [are] nowadays considered two ends of [a] [continuum] rather than two distinct entities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 vascular 2 dementia
2 dementia 3 and
3 and 7 share
3 and 8 several
3 and 14 considered
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 7 share
6 disease 7 share
8 several 9 risk
9 risk 11 and
10 factors 11 and
11 and 14 considered
13 nowadays 14 considered
14 considered 16 ends
15 two 16 ends
16 ends 17 of
17 of 21 than
20 rather 21 than
21 than 24 entities
22 two 24 entities
23 distinct 24 entities

traditional cardiovascular risk markers such as diabetes , dyslipidemia , hypertension , metabolic syndrome and adiposity in mid - life are harbingers of cognitive decline [,] alzheimer 's disease and vascular dementia later in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 traditional 4 markers
2 cardiovascular 4 markers
3 risk 4 markers
4 markers 6 as
4 markers 8 ,
5 such 6 as
6 as 7 diabetes
8 , 11 hypertension
8 , 12 ,
9 dyslipidemia 10 ,
9 dyslipidemia 11 hypertension
12 , 14 syndrome
12 , 15 and
13 metabolic 14 syndrome
15 and 16 adiposity
15 and 21 are
16 adiposity 17 in
17 in 20 life
18 mid 19 -
18 mid 20 life
21 are 30 and
22 harbingers 23 of
22 harbingers 30 and
23 of 29 disease
24 cognitive 25 decline
25 decline 27 alzheimer
27 alzheimer 28 's
28 's 29 disease
30 and 31 vascular
30 and 32 dementia
32 dementia 33 later
32 dementia 34 in
34 in 35 life

in aged populations , only diabetes has been more constantly associated with the development of cognitive dysfunction , while other risk markers have shown more mixed results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 populations
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 only
2 aged 3 populations
5 only 6 diabetes
6 diabetes 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 11 associated
9 more 10 constantly
10 constantly 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 development
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
15 of 17 dysfunction
16 cognitive 17 dysfunction
18 , 22 markers
18 , 24 shown
19 while 21 risk
19 while 22 markers
20 other 21 risk
22 markers 23 have
23 have 24 shown
24 shown 25 more
24 shown 26 mixed
25 more 26 mixed
26 mixed 27 results

normal aging , co - morbidities and other changes connected to cognitive [decline] make the interpretation of the risk markers in the elderly challenging and probably explain these contradictory findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 normal 2 aging
1 normal 3 ,
3 , 6 morbidities
3 , 7 and
4 co 5 -
4 co 6 morbidities
7 and 9 changes
7 and 10 connected
8 other 9 changes
10 connected 11 to
11 to 25 and
12 cognitive 14 make
14 make 16 interpretation
14 make 21 in
14 make 25 and
15 the 16 interpretation
16 interpretation 17 of
17 of 20 markers
18 the 20 markers
19 risk 20 markers
21 in 24 challenging
22 the 24 challenging
23 elderly 24 challenging
25 and 27 explain
26 probably 27 explain
27 explain 30 findings
28 these 30 findings
29 contradictory 30 findings

control of cardiovascular risk factors has been linked to beneficial effects in terms of cognition in cross [-] sectional and prospective [follow] up studies , but the results of interventional trials have been disappointing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 control 2 of
1 control 6 has
2 of 5 factors
3 cardiovascular 5 factors
4 risk 5 factors
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 linked
8 linked 9 to
8 linked 12 in
8 linked 16 in
9 to 11 effects
10 beneficial 11 effects
12 in 13 terms
13 terms 14 of
14 of 15 cognition
16 in 24 studies
17 cross 24 studies
19 sectional 20 and
20 and 21 prospective
20 and 24 studies
21 prospective 23 up
25 , 26 but
26 but 28 results
26 but 33 been
27 the 28 results
28 results 29 of
28 results 32 have
29 of 31 trials
30 interventional 31 trials
32 have 33 been
33 been 34 disappointing

more research in this area is needed , specifically , placebo - controlled randomized trials in both mid - life and late - life with cognitive dysfunction as a primary endpoint . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 more 2 research
2 research 3 in
2 research 6 is
3 in 5 area
4 this 5 area
6 is 7 needed
7 needed 9 specifically
8 , 9 specifically
9 specifically 10 ,
10 , 11 placebo
10 , 12 -
12 - 15 trials
12 - 31 endpoint
12 - 32 .
13 controlled 15 trials
14 randomized 15 trials
15 trials 16 in
15 trials 31 endpoint
16 in 21 and
17 both 21 and
18 mid 19 -
18 mid 20 life
20 life 21 and
21 and 24 life
21 and 25 with
22 late 23 -
22 late 24 life
25 with 27 dysfunction
26 cognitive 27 dysfunction
27 dysfunction 28 as
28 as 30 primary
29 a 30 primary

objectives : this study investigated the [shear] bond strength ( sbs ) and the tensile bond strength ( tbs [ )(of the zirconia - to [-] resin interface using different cement bonding concepts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigated
2 : 13 and
2 : 34 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 9 strength
6 the 9 strength
8 bond 9 strength
9 strength 11 sbs
10 ( 11 sbs
11 sbs 12 )
13 and 15 tensile
13 and 16 bond
14 the 15 tensile
15 tensile 16 bond
16 bond 17 strength
16 bond 25 to
17 strength 19 tbs
18 ( 19 tbs
19 tbs 21 )(of
19 tbs 24 -
21 )(of 23 zirconia
22 the 23 zirconia
25 to 31 cement
27 resin 31 cement
28 interface 31 cement
29 using 31 cement
30 different 31 cement
31 cement 32 bonding
32 bonding 33 concepts

methods : coplanar zirconia specimens were bonded to cocr - cylinders measuring 5 [mm] in [diameter] and 3 mm in height . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 specimens
2 : 7 bonded
3 coplanar 5 specimens
4 zirconia 5 specimens
5 specimens 6 were
6 were 7 bonded
7 bonded 8 to
8 to 9 cocr
9 cocr 11 cylinders
10 - 11 cylinders
11 cylinders 12 measuring
11 cylinders 22 .
12 measuring 17 and
12 measuring 20 in
13 5 15 in
15 in 17 and
17 and 19 mm
18 3 19 mm
20 in 21 height

all bonding areas were first sandblasted with 110 μm al ( 2 [ ] ( 3 ) ( 0.28 mpa , 10 s ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sandblasted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 )
1 all 2 bonding
1 all 4 were
2 bonding 3 areas
4 were 5 first
4 were 6 sandblasted
6 sandblasted 7 with
7 with 9 μm
7 with 10 al
8 110 9 μm
10 al 12 2
10 al 19 0.28
10 al 22 10
11 ( 12 2
12 2 15 (
12 2 16 3
14 ] 15 (
15 ( 16 3
17 ) 19 0.28
18 ( 19 0.28
19 0.28 20 mpa
20 mpa 22 10
21 , 22 10
22 10 23 s

sbs and tbs were determined after 24 h and 90 d of water storage as well as after 12,000 thermal cycles ( tc , 5°/55 [°c] , 17 d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determined
1 sbs 2 and
2 and 3 tbs
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 determined
5 determined 6 after
5 determined 15 as
5 determined 17 as
6 after 9 and
7 24 8 h
8 h 9 and
9 and 11 d
9 and 12 of
10 90 11 d
12 of 14 storage
13 water 14 storage
15 as 16 well
17 as 18 after
18 after 21 cycles
19 12,000 21 cycles
20 thermal 21 cycles
21 cycles 23 tc
22 ( 23 tc
23 tc 25 5°/55
23 tc 31 .
24 , 25 5°/55
25 5°/55 29 d
25 5°/55 31 .
27 , 29 d
28 17 29 d
29 d 30 )

the bonding concepts consisted of the application of a silane coupling agent , tribological silica [coating] ( rocatec [system] ) , cements [or] primers containing phosphone , mono - phosphate , or di - phosphate , and a combination of silica coating and primer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concepts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 3 concepts
2 bonding 3 concepts
3 concepts 21 ,
4 consisted 5 of
4 consisted 21 ,
5 of 7 application
6 the 7 application
7 application 8 of
7 application 15 silica
8 of 10 silane
9 a 10 silane
10 silane 11 coupling
11 coupling 12 agent
13 , 15 silica
14 tribological 15 silica
15 silica 18 rocatec
15 silica 20 )
17 ( 18 rocatec
18 rocatec 20 )
21 , 22 cements
22 cements 37 and
24 primers 25 containing
24 primers 27 ,
25 containing 26 phosphone
27 , 30 phosphate
27 , 32 or
28 mono 29 -
28 mono 30 phosphate
31 , 32 or
32 or 35 phosphate
32 or 37 and
33 di 34 -
33 di 35 phosphate
36 , 37 and
37 and 39 combination
37 and 40 of
38 a 39 combination
40 of 43 and
41 silica 42 coating
42 coating 43 and
43 and 44 primer

results : bond strength higher than 10 mpa was considered clinically sufficient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 bond
2 : 13 .
3 bond 4 strength
3 bond 5 higher
3 bond 6 than
6 than 8 mpa
6 than 10 considered
7 10 8 mpa
8 mpa 9 was
9 was 10 considered
10 considered 11 clinically
10 considered 12 sufficient

sbs measured with each bonding concept surpassed this value , except control and maxcem after 90 d . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sbs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 surpassed
1 sbs 2 measured
1 sbs 7 surpassed
2 measured 3 with
3 with 6 concept
4 each 6 concept
5 bonding 6 concept
7 surpassed 9 value
8 this 9 value
9 value 11 except
10 , 11 except
11 except 13 and
11 except 18 .
12 control 13 and
13 and 14 maxcem
13 and 15 after
15 after 17 d
16 90 17 d

in contrast , tbs values were rather different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 values
4 tbs 5 values
5 values 6 were
6 were 7 rather
6 were 8 different

the application of a silane coupling agent alone showed very low values in the tbs test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 application
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 application
2 application 3 of
2 application 9 showed
3 of 5 silane
4 a 5 silane
5 silane 6 coupling
6 coupling 7 agent
8 alone 9 showed
9 showed 12 values
9 showed 13 in
10 very 11 low
11 low 12 values
13 in 16 test
14 the 16 test
15 tbs 16 test

silica coating was only sufficient after 90 d of water storage and when combined with phosphate - esters or phosphone - containing primers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 coating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 silica 2 coating
2 coating 3 was
3 was 4 only
3 was 5 sufficient
5 sufficient 6 after
6 after 8 d
7 90 8 d
8 d 9 of
9 of 10 water
10 water 12 and
10 water 14 combined
11 storage 12 and
12 and 13 when
12 and 14 combined
14 combined 15 with
15 with 16 phosphate
15 with 22 containing
16 phosphate 19 or
17 - 19 or
18 esters 19 or
19 or 20 phosphone
19 or 21 -
22 containing 23 primers

bonding agents based on di - phosphates or phosphones showed stable tbs values of less than 10 mpa under different aging conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bonding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 bonding 2 agents
1 bonding 4 on
1 bonding 10 showed
2 agents 3 based
4 on 8 or
5 di 6 -
5 di 7 phosphates
7 phosphates 8 or
8 or 9 phosphones
10 showed 13 values
10 showed 18 mpa
10 showed 19 under
11 stable 13 values
12 tbs 13 values
13 values 14 of
14 of 17 10
15 less 16 than
16 than 17 10
19 under 22 conditions
20 different 22 conditions
21 aging 22 conditions

the predominant mode of failure was adhesive failure at the ceramic surface . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mode
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 mode
2 predominant 3 mode
3 mode 4 of
3 mode 6 was
4 of 5 failure
6 was 8 failure
7 adhesive 8 failure
8 failure 9 at
9 at 12 surface
10 the 12 surface
11 ceramic 12 surface

conclusions : none of the investigated bonding concepts of the zirconia - to [-] resin interface provided clinically sufficient tensile bond strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 none
3 none 4 of
4 of 8 concepts
5 the 8 concepts
6 investigated 8 concepts
7 bonding 8 concepts
8 concepts 9 of
9 of 11 zirconia
10 the 11 zirconia
11 zirconia 13 to
12 - 13 to
13 to 22 strength
13 to 23 .
15 resin 17 provided
16 interface 17 provided
17 provided 22 strength
18 clinically 19 sufficient
19 sufficient 21 bond
20 tensile 21 bond
21 bond 22 strength

sbs values were inadequate for a sufficient ranking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 sbs 2 values
2 values 3 were
3 were 4 inadequate
4 inadequate 5 for
5 for 8 ranking
6 a 7 sufficient
6 a 8 ranking
7 sufficient 8 ranking

while many older drivers remain unimpaired or otherwise effectively compensate for functional deficits , a minority are currently faced with two main options : either continue to drive with [arguably] an unacceptable crash risk [;] or cease driving , perhaps at the instigation of licensing authorities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 minority
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 faced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 :
1 while 4 drivers
1 while 7 or
1 while 14 ,
1 while 16 minority
2 many 4 drivers
3 older 4 drivers
4 drivers 7 or
5 remain 6 unimpaired
5 remain 7 or
7 or 10 compensate
8 otherwise 10 compensate
9 effectively 10 compensate
10 compensate 11 for
11 for 13 deficits
12 functional 13 deficits
15 a 16 minority
16 minority 17 are
17 are 19 faced
18 currently 19 faced
19 faced 20 with
20 with 23 options
21 two 23 options
22 main 23 options
24 : 26 continue
25 either 26 continue
26 continue 27 to
26 continue 41 at
27 to 36 or
28 drive 29 with
28 drive 34 risk
28 drive 36 or
29 with 33 crash
31 an 32 unacceptable
31 an 33 crash
32 unacceptable 33 crash
36 or 37 cease
37 cease 38 driving
39 , 40 perhaps
39 , 41 at
41 at 43 instigation
41 at 47 .
42 the 43 instigation
43 instigation 44 of
44 of 45 licensing
45 licensing 46 authorities

licence restrictions represent a possible third option for some older drivers , by better managing crash risk while still allowing acceptable levels of mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 restrictions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represent
1 licence 2 restrictions
2 restrictions 3 represent
3 represent 7 option
4 a 5 possible
4 a 7 option
5 possible 7 option
6 third 7 option
7 option 8 for
8 for 11 drivers
9 some 11 drivers
10 older 11 drivers
11 drivers 13 by
12 , 13 by
13 by 15 managing
13 by 25 .
14 better 15 managing
15 managing 17 risk
15 managing 18 while
16 crash 17 risk
18 while 20 allowing
19 still 20 allowing
20 allowing 22 levels
21 acceptable 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 mobility

the present study has explored licence restrictions as applied to victorian older drivers over a ten [-] year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 has
4 has 5 explored
5 explored 7 restrictions
5 explored 8 as
6 licence 7 restrictions
8 as 9 applied
9 applied 10 to
9 applied 13 drivers
9 applied 14 over
10 to 11 victorian
12 older 13 drivers
14 over 19 period
15 a 19 period
16 ten 18 year
18 year 19 period

it has identified the types of restrictions and their extent of use in recent years , plus indications of potential safety benefits that may result from restricted licencing practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 identified
3 identified 5 types
3 identified 13 in
3 identified 17 plus
4 the 5 types
5 types 6 of
6 of 8 and
7 restrictions 8 and
8 and 10 extent
8 and 11 of
9 their 10 extent
11 of 12 use
13 in 15 years
14 recent 15 years
16 , 17 plus
17 plus 18 indications
17 plus 30 .
18 indications 19 of
18 indications 23 that
18 indications 24 may
19 of 22 benefits
20 potential 21 safety
21 safety 22 benefits
23 that 24 may
24 may 25 result
25 result 26 from
26 from 29 practices
27 restricted 29 practices
28 licencing 29 practices

less than 10 % of the older driver cohort had a licence restriction [and] in around 95 % of instances , the restriction related to the need to wear corrective lenses ; these numbers precluded a conclusive evaluation of safety benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 less 2 than
2 than 3 10
3 10 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 10 had
5 of 9 cohort
6 the 9 cohort
7 older 9 cohort
8 driver 9 cohort
10 had 13 restriction
10 had 15 in
11 a 13 restriction
12 licence 13 restriction
15 in 18 %
16 around 17 95
17 95 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 20 instances
20 instances 23 restriction
21 , 23 restriction
22 the 23 restriction
23 restriction 24 related
23 restriction 32 ;
24 related 25 to
25 to 27 need
26 the 27 need
27 need 28 to
27 need 29 wear
28 to 29 wear
29 wear 31 lenses
30 corrective 31 lenses
32 ; 34 numbers
32 ; 35 precluded
33 these 34 numbers
34 numbers 35 precluded
35 precluded 38 evaluation
36 a 37 conclusive
36 a 38 evaluation
37 conclusive 38 evaluation
38 evaluation 39 of
39 of 41 benefits
40 safety 41 benefits

however , two important findings emerged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 findings
3 two 5 findings
4 important 5 findings
5 findings 6 emerged

first , the imposition of a licence restriction was usually associated with a reduction in absolute crash rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imposition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 4 imposition
3 the 4 imposition
4 imposition 5 of
4 imposition 9 was
5 of 8 restriction
6 a 8 restriction
7 licence 8 restriction
9 was 10 usually
9 was 12 with
9 was 15 in
10 usually 11 associated
12 with 14 reduction
13 a 14 reduction
15 in 18 rates
16 absolute 17 crash
17 crash 18 rates

second , three restrictions [were] identified that most readily form the basis of a [graduated] driving reduction program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 restrictions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 4 restrictions
3 three 4 restrictions
4 restrictions 6 identified
4 restrictions 7 that
4 restrictions 18 program
7 that 8 most
7 that 10 form
8 most 10 form
9 readily 10 form
10 form 12 basis
11 the 12 basis
12 basis 13 of
13 of 17 reduction
14 a 17 reduction
16 driving 17 reduction

[chaperone] - mediated autophagy is a selective mechanism for degradation of soluble cytosolic proteins in lysosomes that distinguishes itself from other autophagic pathways by the selectivity with which cma substrates are targeted for degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 - 4 autophagy
3 mediated 4 autophagy
4 autophagy 5 is
5 is 8 mechanism
6 a 7 selective
6 a 8 mechanism
7 selective 8 mechanism
8 mechanism 9 for
8 mechanism 15 in
8 mechanism 20 from
9 for 10 degradation
10 degradation 11 of
11 of 14 proteins
12 soluble 14 proteins
13 cytosolic 14 proteins
15 in 16 lysosomes
16 lysosomes 17 that
16 lysosomes 18 distinguishes
17 that 18 distinguishes
18 distinguishes 19 itself
20 from 23 pathways
20 from 30 substrates
20 from 32 targeted
21 other 23 pathways
22 autophagic 23 pathways
23 pathways 24 by
23 pathways 27 with
24 by 26 selectivity
25 the 26 selectivity
27 with 28 which
29 cma 30 substrates
30 substrates 31 are
31 are 32 targeted
32 targeted 33 for
33 for 34 degradation

the recent molecular dissection of this autophagic pathway and the development of experimental models with [compromised] cma have unveiled the important contribution of this pathway to protein quality control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 unveiled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 4 dissection
2 recent 4 dissection
3 molecular 4 dissection
4 dissection 5 of
4 dissection 9 and
5 of 8 pathway
6 this 8 pathway
7 autophagic 8 pathway
9 and 11 development
9 and 12 of
9 and 18 have
10 the 11 development
12 of 14 models
13 experimental 14 models
14 models 15 with
15 with 17 cma
18 have 19 unveiled
19 unveiled 22 contribution
19 unveiled 26 to
20 the 22 contribution
21 important 22 contribution
22 contribution 23 of
23 of 25 pathway
24 this 25 pathway
26 to 29 control
27 protein 29 control
28 quality 29 control

in fact , cma activation seems to be a common mechanism of cellular defense against proteotoxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 5 activation
4 cma 5 activation
5 activation 6 seems
6 seems 7 to
6 seems 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 11 mechanism
9 a 10 common
9 a 11 mechanism
10 common 11 mechanism
11 mechanism 12 of
12 of 14 defense
13 cellular 14 defense
14 defense 15 against
15 against 16 proteotoxicity

[remembering] the past and [envisioning] the future rely on episodic memory which enables mental time travel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 rely
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 the 3 past
3 past 4 and
4 and 7 future
4 and 8 rely
6 the 7 future
8 rely 9 on
9 on 11 memory
10 episodic 11 memory
11 memory 12 which
11 memory 13 enables
12 which 13 enables
13 enables 16 travel
14 mental 16 travel
15 time 16 travel

studies in young adults indicate that past and future thinking share common cognitive and neural underpinnings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 studies 2 in
1 studies 5 indicate
2 in 4 adults
3 young 4 adults
5 indicate 8 and
5 indicate 11 share
6 that 7 past
7 past 8 and
8 and 10 thinking
8 and 11 share
9 future 10 thinking
11 share 16 underpinnings
12 common 16 underpinnings
13 cognitive 14 and
14 and 15 neural
14 and 16 underpinnings

no imaging data is yet available in healthy aged subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 no 2 imaging
2 imaging 3 data
2 imaging 4 is
4 is 5 yet
4 is 6 available
6 available 7 in
7 in 10 subjects
8 healthy 10 subjects
9 aged 10 subjects

using fmri , we scanned older subjects while they remembered personal events ( pp : last 12 months [ )(or envisioned future plans ( fp : [next] 12 months [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 scanned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 using 2 fmri
1 using 3 ,
1 using 4 we
4 we 5 scanned
5 scanned 7 subjects
5 scanned 8 while
6 older 7 subjects
8 while 9 they
8 while 10 remembered
9 they 10 remembered
10 remembered 12 events
11 personal 12 events
12 events 14 pp
13 ( 14 pp
14 pp 15 :
15 : 20 )(or
15 : 26 :
15 : 31 )(
16 last 18 months
16 last 20 )(or
17 12 18 months
20 )(or 21 envisioned
21 envisioned 23 plans
22 future 23 plans
23 plans 25 fp
24 ( 25 fp
25 fp 26 :
26 : 29 months
28 12 29 months

behaviorally , both time [-] periods were comparable in terms of visual search strategy , emotion , frequency of rehearsal and recency of the last evocation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 periods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 behaviorally 2 ,
1 behaviorally 6 periods
3 both 6 periods
4 time 6 periods
6 periods 7 were
7 were 8 comparable
8 comparable 9 in
9 in 21 and
10 terms 11 of
10 terms 15 ,
11 of 14 strategy
12 visual 13 search
13 search 14 strategy
15 , 16 emotion
15 , 17 ,
17 , 18 frequency
17 , 21 and
18 frequency 19 of
19 of 20 rehearsal
21 and 22 recency
21 and 23 of
23 of 26 evocation
24 the 25 last
24 the 26 evocation

however , pp were more episodic , engaged a higher state of autonoetic consciousness and mental visual images were clearer and more numerous than fp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 pp
3 pp 7 ,
4 were 6 episodic
4 were 7 ,
5 more 6 episodic
7 , 8 engaged
7 , 11 state
9 a 11 state
10 higher 11 state
11 state 12 of
12 of 14 consciousness
13 autonoetic 14 consciousness
15 and 18 images
15 and 19 were
16 mental 18 images
17 visual 18 images
18 images 19 were
19 were 21 and
19 were 23 numerous
20 clearer 21 and
21 and 22 more
23 numerous 24 than
24 than 25 fp

neuroimaging results revealed a common network of activation ( posterior cingulate [cortex] , precuneus , prefrontal [cortex] , hippocampus ) reflecting the use of similar cognitive processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 neuroimaging 2 results
2 results 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 network
4 a 5 common
4 a 6 network
5 common 6 network
6 network 7 of
6 network 21 reflecting
7 of 8 activation
8 activation 19 hippocampus
9 ( 19 hippocampus
10 posterior 19 hippocampus
11 cingulate 14 precuneus
11 cingulate 15 ,
11 cingulate 19 hippocampus
13 , 14 precuneus
14 precuneus 15 ,
16 prefrontal 18 ,
16 prefrontal 19 hippocampus
19 hippocampus 20 )
21 reflecting 23 use
22 the 23 use
23 use 24 of
24 of 27 processes
25 similar 27 processes
26 cognitive 27 processes

furthermore , the episodic nature of pp depended on hippocampal and visuo - spatial activations ( occipital and angular gyri ) , while , for fp , it depended on the inferior frontal and lateral temporal gyri , involved in semantic memory retrieval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 depended
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 nature
3 the 5 nature
4 episodic 5 nature
5 nature 6 of
5 nature 8 depended
6 of 7 pp
8 depended 9 on
8 depended 23 while
8 depended 39 involved
9 on 11 and
10 hippocampal 11 and
11 and 12 visuo
11 and 13 -
11 and 15 activations
13 - 15 activations
14 spatial 15 activations
15 activations 20 gyri
15 activations 22 ,
16 ( 20 gyri
17 occipital 18 and
18 and 19 angular
18 and 20 gyri
20 gyri 21 )
22 , 23 while
23 while 28 it
23 while 29 depended
23 while 38 ,
24 , 25 for
25 for 26 fp
25 for 27 ,
25 for 28 it
28 it 29 depended
29 depended 30 on
30 on 37 gyri
31 the 37 gyri
32 inferior 37 gyri
33 frontal 34 and
34 and 35 lateral
34 and 37 gyri
36 temporal 37 gyri
38 , 39 involved
39 involved 40 in
39 involved 44 .
40 in 43 retrieval
41 semantic 43 retrieval
42 memory 43 retrieval

the common neural network and behavior suggests that healthy aged subjects thought about their future prospects in the past . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 network
2 common 4 network
3 neural 4 network
5 and 6 behavior
5 and 7 suggests
6 behavior 7 suggests
7 suggests 11 subjects
8 that 9 healthy
9 healthy 11 subjects
10 aged 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 thought
12 thought 13 about
12 thought 17 in
13 about 16 prospects
14 their 16 prospects
15 future 16 prospects
17 in 19 past
18 the 19 past

the contribution of retrospective thinking into the future that engages the same network as the one recruited when remembering the past is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 contribution
2 contribution 3 of
2 contribution 17 recruited
3 of 5 thinking
4 retrospective 5 thinking
5 thinking 6 into
6 into 8 future
7 the 8 future
8 future 9 that
8 future 10 engages
9 that 10 engages
10 engages 13 network
10 engages 14 as
11 the 12 same
11 the 13 network
14 as 16 one
15 the 16 one
17 recruited 18 when
18 when 19 remembering
19 remembering 21 past
19 remembering 23 discussed
20 the 21 past
21 past 22 is
22 is 23 discussed

within this network [,] differential recruitment of specific areas highlights the episodic distinction [between] past and future mental time travel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 travel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 within 6 recruitment
1 within 16 and
2 this 6 recruitment
3 network 6 recruitment
5 differential 6 recruitment
6 recruitment 7 of
7 of 10 highlights
8 specific 9 areas
9 areas 10 highlights
11 the 15 past
12 episodic 13 distinction
13 distinction 15 past
15 past 16 and
16 and 19 time
16 and 20 travel
17 future 19 time
18 mental 19 time

[none] aims of the study : earlier p300 studies were conducted when the prevalence of dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) was unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 aims 3 of
3 of 4 the
4 the 5 study
6 : 8 p300
6 : 11 conducted
7 earlier 8 p300
8 p300 9 studies
8 p300 10 were
8 p300 11 conducted
9 studies 10 were
11 conducted 12 when
12 when 14 prevalence
12 when 23 was
13 the 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
14 prevalence 17 with
14 prevalence 23 was
15 of 16 dementia
17 with 21 dlb
18 lewy 19 bodies
19 bodies 21 dlb
20 ( 21 dlb
21 dlb 22 )
23 was 24 unknown

our study aims to examine whether p300 abnormalities are present in dlb and to evidence possible differences between dlb and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
4 to 13 and
5 examine 6 whether
5 examine 13 and
6 whether 8 abnormalities
6 whether 9 are
7 p300 8 abnormalities
8 abnormalities 9 are
9 are 10 present
10 present 11 in
11 in 12 dlb
13 and 14 to
13 and 15 evidence
13 and 18 between
14 to 15 evidence
15 evidence 17 differences
16 possible 17 differences
18 between 20 and
19 dlb 20 and
20 and 23 disease
20 and 25 ad
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 23 disease
24 ( 25 ad
25 ad 26 )

a second aim of this study is to look for correlations between p300 recordings and eeg , as abnormal eeg variability has been described in dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 second
2 second 3 aim
2 second 7 is
2 second 10 for
2 second 15 and
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 7 is
4 of 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 is 8 to
8 to 9 look
10 for 11 correlations
11 correlations 12 between
12 between 14 recordings
13 p300 14 recordings
15 and 16 eeg
15 and 25 in
16 eeg 24 described
17 , 18 as
18 as 21 variability
18 as 24 described
19 abnormal 21 variability
20 eeg 21 variability
21 variability 22 has
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 described
25 in 26 dlb

patients and methods : auditory p300 responses were recorded by a classic oddball paradigm in 50 controls , in 36 dlb patients , and in 40 ad patients with mmse>20 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 responses
4 : 9 recorded
5 auditory 6 p300
6 p300 7 responses
7 responses 8 were
8 were 9 recorded
9 recorded 24 and
9 recorded 29 with
10 by 14 paradigm
10 by 24 and
11 a 12 classic
11 a 14 paradigm
12 classic 13 oddball
13 oddball 14 paradigm
14 paradigm 15 in
14 paradigm 19 in
15 in 17 controls
16 50 17 controls
18 , 19 in
19 in 22 patients
19 in 23 ,
20 36 22 patients
21 dlb 22 patients
24 and 25 in
25 in 28 patients
26 40 27 ad
27 ad 28 patients
29 with 30 mmse>20

results : reliable auditory p300 responses [were] obtained in 26 dlb ( 72 % ) , 33 ad ( 82.5 % ) , and 46 controls ( 92 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 24 and
2 : 31 .
3 reliable 6 responses
4 auditory 6 responses
5 p300 6 responses
6 responses 8 obtained
6 responses 24 and
8 obtained 9 in
9 in 11 dlb
10 26 11 dlb
11 dlb 14 %
11 dlb 18 ad
12 ( 14 %
13 72 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 , 18 ad
17 33 18 ad
18 ad 21 %
18 ad 23 ,
19 ( 21 %
20 82.5 21 %
21 % 22 )
24 and 26 controls
24 and 29 %
25 46 26 controls
27 ( 29 %
28 92 29 %
29 % 30 )

p300 was more delayed and had lower amplitude in dlb compared to ad groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 p300
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 p300 5 and
2 was 4 delayed
2 was 5 and
3 more 4 delayed
5 and 6 had
6 had 8 amplitude
6 had 9 in
7 lower 8 amplitude
9 in 10 dlb
10 dlb 11 compared
11 compared 12 to
12 to 14 groups
13 ad 14 groups

p300 topography was also different as the anterior [-] [to] - posterior scalp amplitude gradient was reversed in dlb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 p300
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reversed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 p300 2 topography
1 p300 3 was
1 p300 5 different
1 p300 16 was
2 topography 3 was
3 was 4 also
5 different 6 as
6 as 15 gradient
7 the 15 gradient
8 anterior 11 -
8 anterior 15 gradient
12 posterior 15 gradient
13 scalp 15 gradient
14 amplitude 15 gradient
16 was 17 reversed
17 reversed 18 in
18 in 19 dlb

p300 latency correlated with neuropsychological test scores and with eeg variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 latency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 p300 2 latency
2 latency 3 correlated
3 correlated 8 and
4 with 7 scores
4 with 8 and
5 neuropsychological 6 test
6 test 7 scores
8 and 9 with
9 with 11 variables
10 eeg 11 variables

gradient inversion and delayed p300 responses in frontal derivations evidenced differences between dlb and ad patients with a sensitivity of 70 % and a specificity of 97 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inversion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 gradient 2 inversion
3 and 6 responses
3 and 10 evidenced
4 delayed 6 responses
5 p300 6 responses
6 responses 7 in
6 responses 10 evidenced
7 in 9 derivations
8 frontal 9 derivations
10 evidenced 11 differences
10 evidenced 12 between
10 evidenced 17 with
12 between 16 patients
13 dlb 14 and
14 and 15 ad
15 ad 16 patients
17 with 23 and
18 a 19 sensitivity
19 sensitivity 20 of
19 sensitivity 23 and
20 of 22 %
21 70 22 %
23 and 25 specificity
23 and 26 of
24 a 25 specificity
26 of 28 %
27 97 28 %

conclusions : p300 recordings are abnormal in dlb and can be useful to distinguish dlb from ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 3 p300
2 : 11 be
3 p300 4 recordings
3 p300 5 are
3 p300 6 abnormal
3 p300 11 be
4 recordings 5 are
6 abnormal 7 in
7 in 9 and
8 dlb 9 and
9 and 10 can
11 be 12 useful
12 useful 13 to
13 to 14 distinguish
14 distinguish 15 dlb
15 dlb 16 from
16 from 17 ad

adding volume to the aging face is a notion that has come into [vogue] [as] of late but is , however , not a new idea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 adding 2 volume
1 adding 3 to
1 adding 18 but
3 to 6 face
4 the 6 face
5 aging 6 face
7 is 9 notion
7 is 17 late
7 is 18 but
8 a 9 notion
9 notion 10 that
9 notion 13 into
10 that 11 has
11 has 12 come
12 come 13 into
16 of 17 late
18 but 19 is
19 is 21 however
19 is 23 not
19 is 26 idea
20 , 21 however
21 however 22 ,
24 a 25 new
24 a 26 idea
25 new 26 idea

with the advent of miro - liposuction techniques , there is renewed interest in the use of aspirated fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 liposuction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 with 3 advent
1 with 6 -
1 with 7 liposuction
2 the 3 advent
3 advent 4 of
4 of 5 miro
7 liposuction 8 techniques
9 , 10 there
9 , 11 is
10 there 11 is
11 is 13 interest
12 renewed 13 interest
13 interest 14 in
14 in 16 use
15 the 16 use
16 use 17 of
17 of 19 fat
18 aspirated 19 fat

commercial fillers have a valuable place in the cosmetic surgeon 's armamentarium and offer immediate volume correction with a more modest financial commitment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fillers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 commercial 2 fillers
2 fillers 13 and
3 have 6 place
3 have 7 in
3 have 13 and
4 a 5 valuable
4 a 6 place
5 valuable 6 place
7 in 12 armamentarium
8 the 10 surgeon
9 cosmetic 10 surgeon
10 surgeon 11 's
11 's 12 armamentarium
13 and 14 offer
14 offer 16 volume
14 offer 17 correction
14 offer 18 with
15 immediate 16 volume
18 with 23 commitment
19 a 23 commitment
20 more 21 modest
21 modest 23 commitment
22 financial 23 commitment

nevertheless , the standardization of fat grafting techniques marks an exciting shift in facial aesthetics with the ability to correct all aspects of the aging face with safe , natural , and lasting results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 standardization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 marks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 standardization
3 the 4 standardization
4 standardization 5 of
4 standardization 9 marks
5 of 6 fat
6 fat 7 grafting
7 grafting 8 techniques
9 marks 12 shift
10 an 12 shift
11 exciting 12 shift
12 shift 13 in
12 shift 16 with
12 shift 23 of
12 shift 27 with
13 in 15 aesthetics
14 facial 15 aesthetics
16 with 18 ability
17 the 18 ability
18 ability 19 to
18 ability 20 correct
19 to 20 correct
20 correct 22 aspects
21 all 22 aspects
23 of 26 face
24 the 26 face
25 aging 26 face
27 with 34 results
28 safe 29 ,
29 , 30 natural
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 lasting
32 and 34 results

similar to other antiaging procedures like botox , skin rejuvenation , and facial plastic surgery , spider vein therapy is seen as a way to reverse the signs of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 6 like
1 similar 12 and
2 to 5 procedures
3 other 5 procedures
4 antiaging 5 procedures
6 like 7 botox
7 botox 10 rejuvenation
8 , 10 rejuvenation
9 skin 10 rejuvenation
10 rejuvenation 11 ,
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 surgery
13 facial 15 surgery
14 plastic 15 surgery
16 , 19 therapy
16 , 21 seen
17 spider 19 therapy
18 vein 19 therapy
19 therapy 20 is
20 is 21 seen
21 seen 22 as
22 as 24 way
23 a 24 way
24 way 25 to
24 way 30 aging
25 to 26 reverse
26 reverse 28 signs
27 the 28 signs
28 signs 29 of
29 of 30 aging

this article will introduce the clinician to this issue and describe treatment , which may be accomplished with the same lasers used for laser hair reduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 will
3 will 10 and
4 introduce 6 clinician
4 introduce 7 to
4 introduce 10 and
5 the 6 clinician
7 to 9 issue
8 this 9 issue
10 and 11 describe
11 describe 12 treatment
12 treatment 14 which
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 may
14 which 27 .
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 accomplished
17 accomplished 18 with
17 accomplished 23 for
18 with 21 lasers
19 the 20 same
20 same 21 lasers
21 lasers 22 used
23 for 26 reduction
24 laser 26 reduction
25 hair 26 reduction

by 2015 , nearly 15 % of the us population will be older than 65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 by 2 2015
1 by 3 ,
1 by 6 %
4 nearly 5 15
5 15 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 11 will
7 of 10 population
8 the 10 population
9 us 10 population
11 will 12 be
12 be 13 older
13 older 14 than
14 than 16 years
15 65 16 years

in 2030 , there will be more than 70 million older americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 2030
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 will
5 will 6 be
6 be 12 americans
7 more 8 than
8 than 10 million
9 70 10 million
10 million 12 americans
11 older 12 americans

this increase in the elderly population has prompted interest in recent years toward the study of frail older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 prompted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 7 has
3 in 6 population
4 the 6 population
5 elderly 6 population
7 has 8 prompted
8 prompted 9 interest
8 prompted 10 in
8 prompted 13 toward
10 in 12 years
11 recent 12 years
13 toward 15 study
14 the 15 study
15 study 16 of
16 of 19 adults
17 frail 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

this article reviews the literature investigating the utility of aerobic and resistance exercise training as an intervention for frailty in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 5 literature
3 reviews 15 as
3 reviews 20 in
4 the 5 literature
5 literature 6 investigating
5 literature 9 of
6 investigating 8 utility
7 the 8 utility
9 of 11 and
10 aerobic 11 and
11 and 14 training
12 resistance 14 training
13 exercise 14 training
15 as 17 intervention
16 an 17 intervention
17 intervention 18 for
18 for 19 frailty
20 in 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

in addition , areas of future research are addressed , including concerns related to the dissemination of exercise interventions on a widespread scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 areas
4 areas 5 of
4 areas 8 are
5 of 7 research
6 future 7 research
8 are 9 addressed
10 , 13 related
11 including 12 concerns
11 including 13 related
13 related 14 to
13 related 20 on
13 related 24 .
14 to 16 dissemination
15 the 16 dissemination
16 dissemination 17 of
17 of 19 interventions
18 exercise 19 interventions
20 on 23 scale
21 a 22 widespread
21 a 23 scale
22 widespread 23 scale

guidelines for an " exercise prescription " for frail older adults are briefly outlined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 outlined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 guidelines 2 for
1 guidelines 12 are
2 for 6 prescription
3 an 4 "
3 an 6 prescription
5 exercise 6 prescription
6 prescription 7 "
6 prescription 8 for
8 for 11 adults
9 frail 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
12 are 13 briefly
12 are 14 outlined

frailty and its management represent an emerging area of clinical care in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 frailty 2 and
2 and 4 management
2 and 5 represent
3 its 4 management
5 represent 8 area
5 represent 12 in
6 an 8 area
7 emerging 8 area
8 area 9 of
9 of 11 care
10 clinical 11 care
12 in 14 adults
13 older 14 adults

geriatricians have long recognized a syndrome of multiple comorbid conditions , immobility , weakness , and poor tolerance of physiologic stressors in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 geriatricians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 geriatricians 2 have
2 have 4 recognized
3 long 4 recognized
4 recognized 16 and
4 recognized 22 in
5 a 6 syndrome
6 syndrome 7 of
6 syndrome 11 ,
7 of 10 conditions
8 multiple 10 conditions
9 comorbid 10 conditions
11 , 12 immobility
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 weakness
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 tolerance
16 and 19 of
17 poor 18 tolerance
19 of 21 stressors
20 physiologic 21 stressors
22 in 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

patients with these characteristics are described as frail and [suffer] increased adverse clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 5 are
2 with 4 characteristics
3 these 4 characteristics
5 are 6 described
6 described 7 as
7 as 9 and
8 frail 9 and
9 and 14 outcomes
11 increased 14 outcomes
12 adverse 14 outcomes
13 clinical 14 outcomes

this article reviews the clinical spectrum of frailty in older adults , its biologic etiology , and potential clinical interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 6 spectrum
3 reviews 9 in
4 the 6 spectrum
5 clinical 6 spectrum
6 spectrum 7 of
7 of 8 frailty
9 in 17 and
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 ,
12 , 15 etiology
12 , 17 and
13 its 15 etiology
14 biologic 15 etiology
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 interventions
18 potential 20 interventions
19 clinical 20 interventions

several operational definitions of frailty and the associated clinical signs , symptoms , and outcomes are outlined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 outlined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 several 3 definitions
2 operational 3 definitions
3 definitions 4 of
3 definitions 6 and
4 of 5 frailty
6 and 10 signs
6 and 11 ,
7 the 10 signs
8 associated 10 signs
9 clinical 10 signs
11 , 12 symptoms
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 outcomes
14 and 16 are
16 are 17 outlined

the biologic mechanisms hypothesized to underlie frailty are explored , particularly in the musculoskeletal , endocrine , and immune systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 explored
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 biologic 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 hypothesized
3 mechanisms 8 are
4 hypothesized 5 to
5 to 6 underlie
6 underlie 7 frailty
8 are 9 explored
9 explored 12 in
10 , 11 particularly
10 , 12 in
12 in 20 systems
12 in 21 .
13 the 20 systems
14 musculoskeletal 15 ,
15 , 16 endocrine
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 immune
18 and 20 systems

treatment options for frail , older adults are discussed , including physiologic system - targeted interventions and geriatric models of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 treatment 2 options
2 options 3 for
2 options 8 are
3 for 7 adults
4 frail 5 ,
4 frail 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 are 9 discussed
10 , 13 system
10 , 14 -
11 including 13 system
12 physiologic 13 system
14 - 17 and
14 - 22 .
15 targeted 16 interventions
16 interventions 17 and
17 and 19 models
17 and 20 of
18 geriatric 19 models
20 of 21 care

frailty is an important geriatric syndrome characterized by multisystem dysregulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 frailty 2 is
2 is 6 syndrome
3 an 4 important
3 an 6 syndrome
4 important 6 syndrome
5 geriatric 6 syndrome
6 syndrome 7 characterized
7 characterized 8 by
8 by 10 dysregulation
9 multisystem 10 dysregulation

substantial evidence suggests heightened inflammatory state [and] significant immune system alterations in frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 substantial 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 11 alterations
3 suggests 12 in
4 heightened 6 state
5 inflammatory 6 state
6 state 11 alterations
8 significant 10 system
9 immune 10 system
10 system 11 alterations
12 in 13 frailty

a heightened inflammatory state is marked by increases in levels of inflammatory molecules [(] interleukin 6 and [c] [-] reactive protein ) and counts of white blood cell and its subpopulations , which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of frailty , [directly] [or] through its detrimental influence on other physiologic systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 marked
1 a 4 state
2 heightened 4 state
3 inflammatory 4 state
4 state 5 is
5 is 6 marked
6 marked 7 by
7 by 8 increases
8 increases 9 in
8 increases 11 of
9 in 10 levels
11 of 23 and
12 inflammatory 13 molecules
13 molecules 15 interleukin
15 interleukin 16 6
15 interleukin 17 and
17 and 21 protein
17 and 22 )
17 and 23 and
20 reactive 21 protein
23 and 24 counts
23 and 33 which
23 and 34 may
24 counts 25 of
25 of 29 and
26 white 28 cell
27 blood 28 cell
28 cell 29 and
29 and 31 subpopulations
29 and 32 ,
30 its 31 subpopulations
33 which 34 may
34 may 35 play
35 play 38 role
35 play 39 in
35 play 47 through
36 an 38 role
37 important 38 role
39 in 41 pathogenesis
40 the 41 pathogenesis
41 pathogenesis 42 of
42 of 43 frailty
44 , 47 through
47 through 50 influence
47 through 55 .
48 its 50 influence
49 detrimental 50 influence
50 influence 51 on
51 on 54 systems
52 other 54 systems
53 physiologic 54 systems

alterations in the innate immune system include decreased proliferation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and upregulated monocytic expression of specific stress - responsive inflammatory pathway genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 alterations 2 in
1 alterations 10 of
1 alterations 16 and
2 in 9 proliferation
3 the 9 proliferation
4 innate 6 system
5 immune 6 system
6 system 8 decreased
7 include 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 proliferation
10 of 12 peripheral
11 the 12 peripheral
13 blood 15 cells
13 blood 16 and
14 mononuclear 15 cells
16 and 17 upregulated
16 and 19 expression
18 monocytic 19 expression
19 expression 20 of
20 of 22 stress
21 specific 22 stress
23 - 27 genes
23 - 28 .
24 responsive 26 pathway
25 inflammatory 26 pathway
26 pathway 27 genes

in the adaptive immune system , although little information is available about potential b - cell changes , significant alterations have been identified in [the] t - cell compartment , including increased counts of cd8+ , cd8+cd28 - , ccr5+t cells , above and beyond age - related senescent immune remodeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 in 5 system
1 in 6 ,
1 in 20 alterations
2 the 5 system
3 adaptive 5 system
4 immune 5 system
6 , 7 although
7 although 9 information
7 although 10 is
7 although 18 ,
7 although 20 alterations
8 little 9 information
9 information 10 is
10 is 11 available
11 available 12 about
12 about 13 potential
13 potential 14 b
13 potential 17 changes
15 - 17 changes
16 cell 17 changes
17 changes 18 ,
19 significant 20 alterations
20 alterations 21 have
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 identified
23 identified 24 in
24 in 26 t
27 - 29 compartment
27 - 30 ,
28 cell 29 compartment
30 , 31 including
30 , 32 increased
30 , 47 -
31 including 32 increased
32 increased 33 counts
33 counts 34 of
33 counts 44 and
34 of 35 cd8+
35 cd8+ 37 cd8+cd28
35 cd8+ 41 cells
36 , 37 cd8+cd28
37 cd8+cd28 38 -
39 , 41 cells
40 ccr5+t 41 cells
41 cells 42 ,
43 above 44 and
44 and 45 beyond
45 beyond 46 age
47 - 51 remodeling
48 related 51 remodeling
49 senescent 51 remodeling
50 immune 51 remodeling

over the last few decades , the understanding of the renin - angiotensin [system] ( ras ) has advanced dramatically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 over 5 decades
1 over 6 ,
1 over 8 understanding
2 the 3 last
2 the 4 few
4 few 5 decades
7 the 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 of
8 understanding 18 has
9 of 11 renin
10 the 11 renin
11 renin 13 angiotensin
12 - 13 angiotensin
13 angiotensin 16 ras
13 angiotensin 17 )
15 ( 16 ras
16 ras 17 )
18 has 19 advanced
19 advanced 20 dramatically

ras is now thought to play a crucial role in physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms in almost every organ system and is a key regulator [of] hypertension , cardiovascular disease , and renal function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ras
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 ras 20 and
2 is 3 now
2 is 4 thought
2 is 5 to
2 is 10 in
2 is 15 in
2 is 20 and
5 to 6 play
6 play 9 role
7 a 9 role
8 crucial 9 role
10 in 14 mechanisms
11 physiologic 12 and
12 and 13 pathophysiologic
12 and 14 mechanisms
15 in 19 system
16 almost 17 every
17 every 19 system
18 organ 19 system
20 and 21 is
21 is 31 and
22 a 26 hypertension
23 key 26 hypertension
24 regulator 26 hypertension
26 hypertension 27 ,
27 , 29 disease
27 , 31 and
28 cardiovascular 29 disease
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 function
32 renal 33 function

angiotensin ii ( ang ii ) promotes inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen species and [governs] onset and progression of vascular senescence , which are all associated with functional and structural changes , contributing to age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ii
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 promotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
1 angiotensin 2 ii
2 ii 4 ang
2 ii 7 promotes
3 ( 4 ang
4 ang 5 ii
4 ang 6 )
7 promotes 19 and
8 inflammation 9 and
9 and 11 generation
9 and 19 and
10 the 11 generation
11 generation 12 of
12 of 16 and
13 reactive 14 oxygen
14 oxygen 15 species
15 species 16 and
16 and 18 onset
19 and 20 progression
19 and 21 of
21 of 23 senescence
22 vascular 23 senescence
24 , 25 which
24 , 28 associated
24 , 38 -
25 which 26 are
26 are 28 associated
27 all 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
29 with 33 changes
30 functional 31 and
31 and 32 structural
31 and 33 changes
33 changes 35 contributing
34 , 35 contributing
35 contributing 36 to
35 contributing 38 -
36 to 37 age
38 - 40 diseases
38 - 41 .
39 related 40 diseases

although the vast majority of the actions of ang ii , including vascular senescence , are mediated by the ang ii type 1 receptor ( at1r ) , the identification , characterization , and cloning of the angiotensin type 2 receptor has focused attention on this receptor and to its antagonistic effect on the detrimental effects of at1r . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 although 7 actions
1 although 17 mediated
1 although 22 type
2 the 4 majority
3 vast 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 7 actions
5 of 7 actions
6 the 7 actions
7 actions 8 of
7 actions 12 including
7 actions 16 are
8 of 9 ang
9 ang 10 ii
11 , 12 including
12 including 14 senescence
12 including 15 ,
13 vascular 14 senescence
16 are 17 mediated
17 mediated 18 by
18 by 20 ang
19 the 20 ang
20 ang 21 ii
22 type 24 receptor
23 1 24 receptor
24 receptor 26 at1r
24 receptor 30 identification
25 ( 26 at1r
26 at1r 27 )
28 , 30 identification
29 the 30 identification
30 identification 32 characterization
30 identification 33 ,
31 , 32 characterization
32 characterization 33 ,
34 and 35 cloning
34 and 43 focused
35 cloning 36 of
35 cloning 42 has
36 of 41 receptor
37 the 41 receptor
38 angiotensin 39 type
39 type 41 receptor
40 2 41 receptor
42 has 43 focused
43 focused 44 attention
44 attention 48 and
44 attention 53 on
45 on 47 receptor
45 on 48 and
46 this 47 receptor
48 and 49 to
49 to 52 effect
50 its 52 effect
51 antagonistic 52 effect
53 on 56 effects
54 the 56 effects
55 detrimental 56 effects
56 effects 57 of
57 of 58 at1r

this review provides an overview of the changes in ras with aging and age - disease interactions culminating in the development of frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 provides
3 provides 5 overview
3 provides 9 in
4 an 5 overview
5 overview 6 of
6 of 8 changes
7 the 8 changes
9 in 13 and
10 ras 11 with
10 ras 13 and
11 with 12 aging
13 and 14 age
15 - 17 interactions
16 disease 17 interactions
17 interactions 18 culminating
17 interactions 19 in
17 interactions 22 of
19 in 21 development
20 the 21 development
22 of 23 frailty

there are two hallmarks of aging that must be considered primary concerns when trying to improve health for older adults : frailty and chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 trying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 4 hallmarks
3 two 4 hallmarks
4 hallmarks 5 of
4 hallmarks 7 that
4 hallmarks 14 trying
5 of 6 aging
7 that 8 must
8 must 9 be
9 be 10 considered
10 considered 12 concerns
10 considered 13 when
11 primary 12 concerns
13 when 14 trying
14 trying 15 to
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 17 health
17 health 18 for
18 for 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 : 23 and
22 frailty 23 and
23 and 25 diseases
24 chronic 25 diseases

some pathologic mechanisms related to diseases may help to explain frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 some 3 mechanisms
2 pathologic 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 related
3 mechanisms 7 may
4 related 5 to
5 to 6 diseases
7 may 8 help
8 help 9 to
8 help 10 explain
9 to 10 explain
10 explain 11 frailty

this article describes known associations among frailty and chronic diseases and introduces punished inefficiency as an explanatory framework for frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 punished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 11 and
2 article 13 punished
3 describes 5 associations
3 describes 6 among
3 describes 11 and
4 known 5 associations
6 among 8 and
7 frailty 8 and
8 and 10 diseases
9 chronic 10 diseases
11 and 12 introduces
13 punished 14 inefficiency
13 punished 15 as
15 as 18 framework
16 an 17 explanatory
16 an 18 framework
17 explanatory 18 framework
18 framework 19 for
19 for 20 frailty

punished inefficiency proposes that having several physiologic impairments leads to physiologic inefficiencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inefficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 punished 2 inefficiency
2 inefficiency 3 proposes
3 proposes 4 that
4 that 5 having
4 that 9 leads
5 having 8 impairments
5 having 9 leads
6 several 8 impairments
7 physiologic 8 impairments
9 leads 10 to
10 to 12 inefficiencies
11 physiologic 12 inefficiencies

these inefficiencies may become manifest as frailty , often in the presence of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inefficiencies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 become
1 these 2 inefficiencies
2 inefficiencies 3 may
3 may 4 become
4 become 5 manifest
5 manifest 6 as
6 as 7 frailty
7 frailty 10 in
8 , 9 often
8 , 10 in
10 in 12 presence
10 in 15 .
11 the 12 presence
12 presence 13 of
13 of 14 disease

therefore , frail older adults perform less external work because they must spend more on an absolute scale out of a smaller pool of internal resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 perform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 adults
3 frail 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 perform
6 perform 9 work
6 perform 10 because
7 less 8 external
8 external 9 work
10 because 11 they
10 because 13 spend
11 they 12 must
12 must 13 spend
13 spend 14 more
13 spend 15 on
13 spend 20 of
15 on 18 scale
16 an 17 absolute
16 an 18 scale
17 absolute 18 scale
19 out 20 of
20 of 23 pool
21 a 23 pool
22 smaller 23 pool
23 pool 24 of
24 of 26 resources
25 internal 26 resources

stress imposed on frail older adults strengthens this negative feedback to activity , leading to disuse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 strengthens
1 stress 2 imposed
1 stress 7 strengthens
2 imposed 3 on
3 on 6 adults
4 frail 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
7 strengthens 10 feedback
7 strengthens 11 to
8 this 9 negative
9 negative 10 feedback
11 to 12 activity
12 activity 14 leading
13 , 14 leading
14 leading 15 to
14 leading 17 .
15 to 16 disuse

this article discusses how people with frailty and chronic diseases may experience a malignant course and thereby intends to improve the ability to identify beneficial biologic and health care delivery strategies for older adults [with] , or at risk of [,] frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 16 and
3 discusses 4 how
3 discusses 16 and
4 how 8 and
4 how 12 experience
5 people 6 with
5 people 8 and
6 with 7 frailty
8 and 10 diseases
8 and 11 may
9 chronic 10 diseases
11 may 12 experience
12 experience 15 course
13 a 14 malignant
13 a 15 course
14 malignant 15 course
16 and 18 intends
16 and 23 to
17 thereby 18 intends
18 intends 19 to
18 intends 20 improve
19 to 20 improve
20 improve 22 ability
21 the 22 ability
23 to 24 identify
24 identify 31 strategies
24 identify 37 or
25 beneficial 31 strategies
26 biologic 27 and
27 and 28 health
27 and 31 strategies
29 care 31 strategies
30 delivery 31 strategies
32 for 34 adults
32 for 37 or
33 older 34 adults
36 , 37 or
37 or 38 at
38 at 39 risk
39 risk 40 of
40 of 42 frailty

in developing [and] validating the concept of frailty as a geriatric syndrome , it has been necessary to distinguish the clinical expression of frailty from normal age - related changes and other age - related disease pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 distinguish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 developing
1 in 14 it
4 validating 6 concept
4 validating 9 as
4 validating 13 ,
4 validating 14 it
5 the 6 concept
6 concept 7 of
7 of 8 frailty
9 as 12 syndrome
10 a 12 syndrome
11 geriatric 12 syndrome
14 it 15 has
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 necessary
17 necessary 18 to
18 to 19 distinguish
19 distinguish 22 expression
19 distinguish 25 from
20 the 22 expression
21 clinical 22 expression
22 expression 23 of
23 of 24 frailty
25 from 27 age
26 normal 27 age
27 age 31 and
28 - 31 and
29 related 30 changes
30 changes 31 and
31 and 33 age
31 and 34 -
32 other 33 age
34 - 35 related
35 related 37 pathologies
36 disease 37 pathologies

a framework for excluding potentially confounding disease and a working clinical tool to diagnose frailty have been provided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 framework
2 framework 3 for
2 framework 8 and
3 for 4 excluding
4 excluding 6 confounding
5 potentially 6 confounding
6 confounding 7 disease
8 and 12 tool
8 and 13 to
8 and 14 diagnose
8 and 16 have
9 a 12 tool
10 working 12 tool
11 clinical 12 tool
13 to 14 diagnose
14 diagnose 15 frailty
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 provided

the associations between frailty and other pathophysiologies [has] also [been] shown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 between
2 associations 5 and
3 between 4 frailty
5 and 7 pathophysiologies
5 and 11 shown
6 other 7 pathophysiologies
9 also 11 shown

however , investigating the underlying biologic basis for the geriatric syndrome of frailty by studying basic homeostatic pathways and mechanisms has not proceeded at the same rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 proceeded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 investigating
3 investigating 7 basis
3 investigating 21 has
4 the 7 basis
5 underlying 7 basis
6 biologic 7 basis
7 basis 8 for
8 for 19 and
9 the 11 syndrome
10 geriatric 11 syndrome
11 syndrome 12 of
11 syndrome 19 and
12 of 13 frailty
13 frailty 14 by
14 by 15 studying
15 studying 18 pathways
16 basic 18 pathways
17 homeostatic 18 pathways
19 and 20 mechanisms
21 has 22 not
21 has 23 proceeded
23 proceeded 24 at
24 at 27 rate
25 the 26 same
26 same 27 rate

the following article provides an overview of the homeostatic pathways emphasized in research on aging and explains how this science may help to stimulate frailty research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 following
1 the 3 article
3 article 16 and
4 provides 6 overview
4 provides 16 and
5 an 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
6 overview 11 emphasized
7 of 10 pathways
8 the 10 pathways
9 homeostatic 10 pathways
11 emphasized 12 in
11 emphasized 14 on
12 in 13 research
14 on 15 aging
16 and 17 explains
17 explains 18 how
18 how 20 science
18 how 22 help
19 this 20 science
20 science 21 may
21 may 22 help
22 help 23 to
23 to 24 stimulate
24 stimulate 26 research
25 frailty 26 research

as nonreplicative cells age , they commonly accumulate subcellular deficits that can compromise [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 accumulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 as 3 cells
1 as 4 age
1 as 5 ,
1 as 6 they
2 nonreplicative 3 cells
3 cells 4 age
6 they 8 accumulate
7 commonly 8 accumulate
8 accumulate 10 deficits
9 subcellular 10 deficits
10 deficits 11 that
10 deficits 12 can
11 that 12 can
12 can 13 compromise

as people age , they [too] experience problems that can accumulate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 as 2 people
1 as 3 age
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 they
2 people 3 age
5 they 7 experience
7 experience 8 problems
8 problems 9 that
8 problems 10 can
9 that 10 can
10 can 11 accumulate

as deficits ( symptoms , signs , illnesses , disabilities ) accumulate , people become more susceptible to adverse health outcomes , including worse health and even death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 become
1 as 2 deficits
1 as 12 accumulate
1 as 13 ,
1 as 14 people
2 deficits 4 symptoms
2 deficits 6 signs
2 deficits 12 accumulate
3 ( 4 symptoms
4 symptoms 5 ,
5 , 6 signs
6 signs 8 illnesses
6 signs 10 disabilities
6 signs 11 )
7 , 8 illnesses
8 illnesses 9 ,
9 , 10 disabilities
10 disabilities 11 )
14 people 15 become
15 become 17 susceptible
16 more 17 susceptible
17 susceptible 18 to
17 susceptible 23 including
18 to 21 outcomes
19 adverse 20 health
20 health 21 outcomes
22 , 23 including
23 including 26 and
23 including 29 .
24 worse 25 health
25 health 26 and
26 and 27 even
26 and 28 death
26 and 29 .

this state of increased risk of adverse health outcomes is indistinguishable from the idea of frailty , so deficit accumulation represents another way to define frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 define
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 state
2 state 3 of
2 state 10 is
3 of 5 risk
4 increased 5 risk
5 risk 6 of
6 of 9 outcomes
7 adverse 8 health
8 health 9 outcomes
10 is 11 indistinguishable
11 indistinguishable 12 from
12 from 14 idea
13 the 14 idea
14 idea 15 of
15 of 16 frailty
17 , 18 so
17 , 21 represents
18 so 19 deficit
20 accumulation 21 represents
21 represents 23 way
21 represents 24 to
22 another 23 way
24 to 25 define
25 define 26 frailty

counting deficits not only allows grades of frailty to be discerned but also provides insights into the complex problems of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 counting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 counting 2 deficits
1 counting 13 also
3 not 4 only
4 only 13 also
5 allows 6 grades
5 allows 13 also
6 grades 7 of
6 grades 11 discerned
7 of 8 frailty
8 frailty 9 to
8 frailty 10 be
9 to 10 be
12 but 13 also
13 also 14 provides
13 also 16 into
14 provides 15 insights
16 into 19 problems
17 the 19 problems
18 complex 19 problems
19 problems 20 of
20 of 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

this process is potentially useful to geriatricians who need to be experts in managing complexity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 process
2 process 3 is
3 is 4 potentially
3 is 5 useful
5 useful 6 to
5 useful 13 in
6 to 7 geriatricians
7 geriatricians 8 who
7 geriatricians 9 need
8 who 9 need
9 need 10 to
9 need 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 experts
13 in 14 managing
14 managing 15 complexity

a key to managing complexity is through instruments such as a comprehensive geriatric assessment , which can serve as the basis for routine clinical estimation of an individual 's degree of frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 key
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 a 2 key
2 key 3 to
2 key 6 is
3 to 4 managing
4 managing 5 complexity
6 is 7 through
7 through 8 instruments
8 instruments 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 14 assessment
11 a 12 comprehensive
11 a 14 assessment
12 comprehensive 14 assessment
13 geriatric 14 assessment
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 serve
16 which 17 can
17 can 18 serve
18 serve 19 as
18 serve 22 for
19 as 21 basis
20 the 21 basis
22 for 25 estimation
23 routine 25 estimation
24 clinical 25 estimation
25 estimation 26 of
26 of 32 frailty
27 an 28 individual
28 individual 29 's
29 's 30 degree
30 degree 31 of
30 degree 32 frailty
31 of 32 frailty

understanding people and their needs as deficits accumulate is an exciting challenge for clinical research on frailty and its management by geriatricians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 understanding 3 and
1 understanding 8 accumulate
1 understanding 9 is
2 people 3 and
3 and 5 needs
3 and 6 as
3 and 8 accumulate
4 their 5 needs
6 as 7 deficits
9 is 12 challenge
10 an 11 exciting
10 an 12 challenge
11 exciting 12 challenge
12 challenge 13 for
12 challenge 16 on
12 challenge 21 by
13 for 15 research
14 clinical 15 research
16 on 18 and
17 frailty 18 and
18 and 20 management
19 its 20 management
21 by 22 geriatricians

none sound localization requires precise and [specialized] neural circuitry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 circuitry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 none 3 localization
1 none 4 requires
1 none 9 circuitry
2 sound 3 localization
3 localization 4 requires
4 requires 6 and
5 precise 6 and
6 and 8 neural

a prominent and well - studied specialization is found in the mammalian auditory brainstem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 specialization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 7 specialization
2 prominent 3 and
3 and 4 well
3 and 5 -
3 and 6 studied
3 and 7 specialization
7 specialization 8 is
8 is 9 found
9 found 10 in
10 in 14 brainstem
11 the 14 brainstem
12 mammalian 14 brainstem
13 auditory 14 brainstem

globular bushy cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus ( vcn ) project contralaterally to neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body ( mntb ) , where their large axons terminate on cell bodies of mntb principal neurons , forming the calyces of held . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 project
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
1 globular 3 cells
2 bushy 3 cells
3 cells 4 of
3 cells 12 project
4 of 8 nucleus
5 the 8 nucleus
6 ventral 8 nucleus
7 cochlear 8 nucleus
8 nucleus 10 vcn
9 ( 10 vcn
10 vcn 11 )
12 project 13 contralaterally
12 project 14 to
14 to 15 neurons
15 neurons 16 of
15 neurons 20 of
15 neurons 25 mntb
16 of 19 nucleus
17 the 19 nucleus
18 medial 19 nucleus
20 of 23 body
21 the 23 body
22 trapezoid 23 body
24 ( 25 mntb
25 mntb 26 )
27 , 38 principal
27 , 39 neurons
28 where 31 axons
28 where 32 terminate
28 where 38 principal
29 their 31 axons
30 large 31 axons
31 axons 32 terminate
32 terminate 33 on
33 on 35 bodies
34 cell 35 bodies
35 bodies 36 of
36 of 37 mntb
38 principal 39 neurons
39 neurons 41 forming
40 , 41 forming
41 forming 43 calyces
41 forming 46 .
42 the 43 calyces
43 calyces 44 of
44 of 45 held

the vcn - mntb pathway is necessary for the accurate computation of interaural intensity and time differences [;] mntb neurons provide inhibitory input to the lateral superior olive , which compares levels of excitation from the ipsilateral ear to levels of tonotopically matched inhibition from the contralateral ear , and to the medial superior olive , [where] precise inhibition from mntb neurons tunes [the] delays of binaural excitation . 
1 the 5 pathway
2 vcn 4 mntb
3 - 4 mntb
4 mntb 5 pathway
5 pathway 6 is
6 is 7 necessary
7 necessary 8 for
8 for 11 computation
9 the 11 computation
10 accurate 11 computation
11 computation 12 of
12 of 19 mntb
13 interaural 14 intensity
14 intensity 15 and
15 and 16 time
15 and 17 differences
17 differences 19 mntb
19 mntb 20 neurons
19 mntb 21 provide
19 mntb 24 to
20 neurons 21 provide
21 provide 23 input
22 inhibitory 23 input
24 to 28 olive
25 the 28 olive
26 lateral 27 superior
27 superior 28 olive
28 olive 30 which
29 , 30 which
30 which 31 compares
31 compares 32 levels
32 levels 33 of
32 levels 35 from
32 levels 41 of
33 of 34 excitation
35 from 38 ear
36 the 38 ear
37 ipsilateral 38 ear
38 ear 39 to
39 to 40 levels
41 of 44 inhibition
42 tonotopically 43 matched
43 matched 44 inhibition
44 inhibition 50 and
45 from 48 ear
45 from 50 and
46 the 48 ear
47 contralateral 48 ear
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 to
51 to 55 olive
52 the 55 olive
53 medial 54 superior
54 superior 55 olive
55 olive 59 inhibition
56 , 59 inhibition
58 precise 59 inhibition
59 inhibition 60 from
59 inhibition 66 of
59 inhibition 69 .
60 from 65 delays
61 mntb 63 tunes
62 neurons 63 tunes
63 tunes 65 delays
66 of 68 excitation
67 binaural 68 excitation

here we review the morphological and physiological aspects of the development of the vcn - mntb pathway and its calyceal termination , along with potential mechanisms that give rise to its precision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 review
3 review 8 aspects
4 the 8 aspects
5 morphological 6 and
6 and 7 physiological
6 and 8 aspects
8 aspects 9 of
8 aspects 12 of
9 of 11 development
10 the 11 development
12 of 18 and
13 the 17 pathway
14 vcn 16 mntb
15 - 16 mntb
16 mntb 17 pathway
17 pathway 18 and
18 and 21 termination
19 its 21 termination
20 calyceal 21 termination
22 , 26 mechanisms
22 , 29 rise
23 along 24 with
24 with 25 potential
24 with 26 mechanisms
26 mechanisms 27 that
26 mechanisms 28 give
26 mechanisms 29 rise
27 that 28 give
29 rise 30 to
30 to 32 precision
31 its 32 precision

during embryonic development , vcn axons grow towards the midline , cross the midline into the region of the presumptive mntb and then form collateral branches that will terminate in calyces of held . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 axons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 during 3 development
1 during 4 ,
1 during 6 axons
2 embryonic 3 development
5 vcn 6 axons
6 axons 11 ,
7 grow 8 towards
7 grow 11 ,
8 towards 10 midline
9 the 10 midline
11 , 22 and
12 cross 14 midline
12 cross 15 into
12 cross 22 and
13 the 14 midline
15 into 17 region
16 the 17 region
17 region 18 of
18 of 21 mntb
19 the 21 mntb
20 presumptive 21 mntb
22 and 24 form
23 then 24 form
24 form 26 branches
24 form 30 in
25 collateral 26 branches
26 branches 27 that
26 branches 28 will
27 that 28 will
28 will 29 terminate
30 in 31 calyces
31 calyces 32 of
32 of 33 held

in rodents , immature calyces of held appear in mntb during the first few days of postnatal life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 calyces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 rodents
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 calyces
4 immature 5 calyces
5 calyces 6 of
5 calyces 8 appear
6 of 7 held
8 appear 9 in
9 in 10 mntb
10 mntb 11 during
10 mntb 16 of
11 during 15 days
12 the 13 first
12 the 14 few
14 few 15 days
16 of 18 life
17 postnatal 18 life

these calyces mature morphologically and physiologically over the next three postnatal weeks , enabling fast , high fidelity transmission in the vcn - mntb pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calyces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mature
1 these 2 calyces
2 calyces 3 mature
3 mature 5 and
3 mature 7 over
4 morphologically 5 and
5 and 6 physiologically
7 over 12 weeks
8 the 9 next
8 the 10 three
10 three 12 weeks
11 postnatal 12 weeks
12 weeks 14 enabling
13 , 14 enabling
14 enabling 19 transmission
14 enabling 20 in
14 enabling 26 .
15 fast 16 ,
15 fast 18 fidelity
17 high 18 fidelity
18 fidelity 19 transmission
20 in 25 pathway
21 the 25 pathway
22 vcn 24 mntb
23 - 24 mntb
24 mntb 25 pathway

studies suggest that cumulative exposure to lead , as measured in the bone , is associated with accelerated cognitive decline [at] older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 studies 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 5 exposure
3 that 16 associated
4 cumulative 5 exposure
5 exposure 6 to
5 exposure 7 lead
5 exposure 10 measured
5 exposure 15 is
6 to 7 lead
8 , 10 measured
9 as 10 measured
10 measured 11 in
10 measured 14 ,
11 in 13 bone
12 the 13 bone
15 is 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 23 age
18 accelerated 20 decline
19 cognitive 20 decline
20 decline 23 age
22 older 23 age

it is presently unclear , however , whether current blood lead levels ( blls ) are adversely related to cognitive functioning in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 presently
2 is 4 unclear
4 unclear 6 however
4 unclear 8 whether
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
8 whether 12 levels
8 whether 18 related
9 current 12 levels
10 blood 12 levels
11 lead 12 levels
12 levels 14 blls
12 levels 16 are
13 ( 14 blls
14 blls 15 )
16 are 18 related
17 adversely 18 related
18 related 19 to
19 to 21 functioning
20 cognitive 21 functioning
21 functioning 22 in
22 in 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

we evaluated blls in relation to cognition in the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey ( nhanes ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 blls
2 evaluated 6 to
2 evaluated 8 in
4 in 5 relation
5 relation 6 to
6 to 7 cognition
8 in 13 and
9 the 12 health
10 continuous 12 health
11 national 12 health
12 health 13 and
13 and 18 nhanes
14 nutrition 15 examination
15 examination 16 survey
16 survey 18 nhanes
17 ( 18 nhanes
18 nhanes 19 )

the current study was limited to adults age 60 and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 limited
5 limited 6 to
5 limited 10 and
6 to 7 adults
8 age 9 60
8 age 10 and
10 and 11 older

similarly , there was no clear association between performance on the dsst and bll after accounting for all covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 association
4 was 8 between
4 was 15 after
5 no 7 association
6 clear 7 association
8 between 13 and
9 performance 10 on
9 performance 13 and
10 on 12 dsst
11 the 12 dsst
13 and 14 bll
15 after 16 accounting
16 accounting 17 for
17 for 19 covariates
18 all 19 covariates

our findings add to the inconsistent evidence regarding the association between concurrent blls and cognitive function in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 add
3 add 4 to
4 to 7 evidence
5 the 7 evidence
6 inconsistent 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 regarding
8 regarding 10 association
8 regarding 11 between
8 regarding 17 in
9 the 10 association
11 between 14 and
12 concurrent 13 blls
13 blls 14 and
14 and 16 function
15 cognitive 16 function
17 in 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

early - life or long - term , accumulated lead exposures may be etiologically more relevant to accelerated cognitive decline at older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 early 2 -
1 early 3 life
3 life 4 or
4 or 7 term
4 or 8 ,
4 or 9 accumulated
4 or 11 exposures
4 or 17 to
4 or 18 accelerated
4 or 20 decline
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
10 lead 11 exposures
11 exposures 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 16 relevant
14 etiologically 15 more
15 more 16 relevant
16 relevant 17 to
18 accelerated 19 cognitive
20 decline 21 at
21 at 23 age
22 older 23 age

in summary , recently developed technologies have begun to draw back the curtain of mystery that obscures some of the basic mechanisms of dna [replication] at multiple levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 obscures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 6 technologies
3 , 8 begun
4 recently 6 technologies
5 developed 6 technologies
6 technologies 7 have
7 have 8 begun
8 begun 9 to
8 begun 10 draw
9 to 10 draw
10 draw 11 back
10 draw 13 curtain
12 the 13 curtain
13 curtain 14 of
14 of 15 mystery
15 mystery 16 that
15 mystery 17 obscures
16 that 17 obscures
17 obscures 22 mechanisms
17 obscures 26 at
18 some 19 of
18 some 22 mechanisms
19 of 22 mechanisms
20 the 22 mechanisms
21 basic 22 mechanisms
22 mechanisms 23 of
23 of 24 dna
26 at 28 levels
27 multiple 28 levels

studies using extended dna and chromatin fiber techniques have proven valuable for identifying the location of origins of [replication] at specific genomic sites and determining their temporal order [of] replication , for identifying and quantifying sites of dna damage and localizing chromatin proteins in relation to sites of dna replication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 studies 3 extended
2 using 3 extended
3 extended 4 dna
5 and 8 techniques
5 and 10 proven
6 chromatin 7 fiber
7 fiber 8 techniques
8 techniques 9 have
9 have 10 proven
10 proven 24 and
10 proven 30 replication
10 proven 32 for
11 valuable 12 for
11 valuable 24 and
12 for 13 identifying
13 identifying 15 location
14 the 15 location
15 location 16 of
15 location 18 of
16 of 17 origins
18 of 20 at
20 at 23 sites
21 specific 23 sites
22 genomic 23 sites
24 and 25 determining
26 their 30 replication
27 temporal 30 replication
28 order 30 replication
31 , 32 for
32 for 34 and
32 for 51 .
33 identifying 34 and
34 and 50 replication
35 quantifying 36 sites
36 sites 37 of
36 sites 40 and
37 of 39 damage
38 dna 39 damage
40 and 43 proteins
40 and 44 in
40 and 48 of
40 and 50 replication
41 localizing 43 proteins
42 chromatin 43 proteins
44 in 45 relation
45 relation 46 to
46 to 47 sites
48 of 49 dna

the future potential of these methods include further discoveries in functional genomics and contributions to the elucidation of the histone code . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 code
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 potential
2 future 3 potential
3 potential 4 of
3 potential 13 and
4 of 9 discoveries
5 these 9 discoveries
6 methods 9 discoveries
7 include 9 discoveries
8 further 9 discoveries
9 discoveries 10 in
10 in 12 genomics
11 functional 12 genomics
13 and 14 contributions
13 and 15 to
13 and 18 of
13 and 21 code
15 to 17 elucidation
16 the 17 elucidation
18 of 20 histone
19 the 20 histone

such studies could prove very valuable in studies of the mechanisms of cancer development , aging , and other processes of disordered genomic functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prove
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 such 2 studies
2 studies 3 could
3 could 4 prove
4 prove 6 valuable
5 very 6 valuable
6 valuable 7 in
7 in 18 and
8 studies 9 of
8 studies 18 and
9 of 11 mechanisms
10 the 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 of
12 of 14 development
13 cancer 14 development
14 development 16 aging
15 , 16 aging
16 aging 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 processes
18 and 21 of
19 other 20 processes
21 of 24 functioning
22 disordered 24 functioning
23 genomic 24 functioning

cellular senescence arrests the proliferation of potential cancer cells , and so is a potent tumor suppressive mechanism , akin to apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 11 and
3 arrests 5 proliferation
3 arrests 11 and
4 the 5 proliferation
5 proliferation 6 of
6 of 9 cells
7 potential 9 cells
8 cancer 9 cells
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 is
12 so 13 is
13 is 18 mechanism
14 a 15 potent
14 a 18 mechanism
15 potent 16 tumor
16 tumor 18 mechanism
17 suppressive 18 mechanism
18 mechanism 21 to
19 , 21 to
20 akin 21 to
21 to 22 apoptosis
21 to 23 .

[or] is it ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ?
2 is 3 it

why did cells evolve an anti - cancer mechanism that arrests , rather than kills , would [-] be tumor cells ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 why
1 why 2 did
2 did 3 cells
2 did 4 evolve
4 evolve 9 mechanism
5 an 6 anti
5 an 9 mechanism
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 8 cancer
8 cancer 9 mechanism
9 mechanism 10 that
9 mechanism 11 arrests
10 that 11 arrests
11 arrests 14 than
12 , 14 than
13 rather 14 than
14 than 16 ,
14 than 22 ?
15 kills 16 ,
16 , 17 would
17 would 19 be
19 be 21 cells
20 tumor 21 cells

recent discoveries that senescent cells secrete growth factors , proteases and cytokines provide a shifting view -- from senescence as a cell autonomous suppressor of tumorigenesis to senescence as a means to mobilize the systemic and local tissue milieu for repair . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discoveries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 secrete
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 recent 2 discoveries
2 discoveries 3 that
2 discoveries 4 senescent
2 discoveries 6 secrete
3 that 4 senescent
4 senescent 5 cells
6 secrete 8 factors
7 growth 8 factors
9 , 11 and
9 , 13 provide
10 proteases 11 and
11 and 12 cytokines
11 and 13 provide
13 provide 16 view
13 provide 18 from
14 a 16 view
15 shifting 16 view
17 -- 18 from
18 from 19 senescence
18 from 42 .
19 senescence 20 as
19 senescence 32 to
19 senescence 33 mobilize
20 as 24 suppressor
21 a 24 suppressor
22 cell 24 suppressor
23 autonomous 24 suppressor
24 suppressor 25 of
25 of 26 tumorigenesis
26 tumorigenesis 27 to
26 tumorigenesis 29 as
27 to 28 senescence
29 as 31 means
30 a 31 means
32 to 33 mobilize
33 mobilize 39 milieu
34 the 39 milieu
35 systemic 36 and
36 and 37 local
36 and 38 tissue
38 tissue 39 milieu
39 milieu 40 for
40 for 41 repair

in some instances , this mobilization benefits the organism , but in others it can be detrimental . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mobilization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 benefits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 instances
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 mobilization
2 some 3 instances
5 this 6 mobilization
6 mobilization 7 benefits
7 benefits 9 organism
8 the 9 organism
10 , 11 but
10 , 16 be
11 but 12 in
11 but 16 be
12 in 13 others
14 it 15 can
15 can 16 be
16 be 17 detrimental

these discoveries provide potential mechanisms by which cellular senescence might contribute to the diverse , and seemingly incongruent , processes of tumor suppression , tumor promotion , tissue repair , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discoveries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 discoveries
2 discoveries 3 provide
3 provide 5 mechanisms
4 potential 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 by
5 mechanisms 21 of
6 by 7 which
6 by 9 senescence
6 by 11 contribute
8 cellular 9 senescence
9 senescence 10 might
10 might 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
12 to 16 and
13 the 14 diverse
14 diverse 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 processes
17 seemingly 18 incongruent
18 incongruent 19 ,
18 incongruent 20 processes
21 of 31 and
22 tumor 23 suppression
23 suppression 24 ,
24 , 26 promotion
24 , 27 ,
25 tumor 26 promotion
27 , 29 repair
27 , 31 and
28 tissue 29 repair
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 aging

skin photoaging , the most common skin damage , is caused by chronic uv irradiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 photoaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 skin 2 photoaging
2 photoaging 8 damage
2 photoaging 10 is
3 , 8 damage
4 the 5 most
5 most 8 damage
6 common 7 skin
7 skin 8 damage
8 damage 9 ,
10 is 11 caused
11 caused 12 by
12 by 15 irradiation
13 chronic 15 irradiation
14 uv 15 irradiation

it is involved in the reduction , aging and apoptosis of fibroblasts ( fbs ) as well as the blockage of transforming growth factor - beta ( tgf - β )/smad and p38 mitogen - actived protein kinase ( mapk ) signaling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 involved
3 involved 4 in
4 in 6 reduction
5 the 6 reduction
7 , 24 factor
7 , 25 -
8 aging 9 and
9 and 10 apoptosis
9 and 11 of
9 and 18 as
9 and 24 factor
11 of 12 fibroblasts
12 fibroblasts 14 fbs
13 ( 14 fbs
14 fbs 15 )
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 20 blockage
19 the 20 blockage
20 blockage 21 of
21 of 22 transforming
22 transforming 23 growth
25 - 26 beta
25 - 29 -
26 beta 28 tgf
27 ( 28 tgf
28 tgf 29 -
29 - 30 β
30 β 43 pathways
31 )/smad 32 and
32 and 38 kinase
32 and 40 mapk
32 and 43 pathways
33 p38 37 protein
34 mitogen 35 -
34 mitogen 37 protein
36 actived 37 protein
37 protein 38 kinase
39 ( 40 mapk
40 mapk 41 )
42 signaling 43 pathways

dermal multipotent stem cells ( dmscs ) are a population of adult stem cells derived from dermis in recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 dermal 2 multipotent
2 multipotent 3 stem
3 stem 4 cells
4 cells 6 dmscs
4 cells 8 are
5 ( 6 dmscs
6 dmscs 7 )
8 are 10 population
9 a 10 population
10 population 11 of
11 of 14 cells
12 adult 14 cells
13 stem 14 cells
14 cells 15 derived
15 derived 16 from
15 derived 18 in
16 from 17 dermis
18 in 20 years
19 recent 20 years

it has been confirmed that dmscs can [activate] or differentiate into fbs to participate in wound healing by producing and expressing tgf - β and other cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 9 or
4 confirmed 5 that
4 confirmed 9 or
5 that 6 dmscs
5 that 7 can
6 dmscs 7 can
9 or 10 differentiate
9 or 13 to
9 or 15 in
9 or 18 by
10 differentiate 11 into
11 into 12 fbs
13 to 14 participate
15 in 17 healing
16 wound 17 healing
18 by 20 and
19 producing 20 and
20 and 22 tgf
20 and 23 -
21 expressing 22 tgf
23 - 25 and
24 β 25 and
25 and 27 cytokines
26 other 27 cytokines

considering the mechanism of skin photoaging and the role of dmscs , we hold a hypothesis that dmscs may be applied in skin photoaging by activating tgf - β/smad and p38 mapk signaling pathways , and then stimulating fbs to secrete and synthesize collagen or elastin , heightening the extracellular matrix , finally eliminating wrinkles and strengthening skin elasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 hold
1 considering 7 and
1 considering 12 ,
1 considering 13 we
2 the 3 mechanism
3 mechanism 4 of
3 mechanism 6 photoaging
3 mechanism 7 and
4 of 5 skin
7 and 9 role
7 and 10 of
8 the 9 role
10 of 11 dmscs
13 we 14 hold
14 hold 16 hypothesis
14 hold 48 heightening
14 hold 54 eliminating
15 a 16 hypothesis
16 hypothesis 17 that
17 that 18 dmscs
17 that 42 and
18 dmscs 42 and
19 may 20 be
19 may 42 and
20 be 21 applied
21 applied 22 in
21 applied 25 by
22 in 24 photoaging
23 skin 24 photoaging
25 by 26 activating
26 activating 36 and
27 tgf 32 mapk
27 tgf 36 and
28 - 32 mapk
29 β/smad 30 and
30 and 31 p38
30 and 32 mapk
32 mapk 33 signaling
32 mapk 35 ,
33 signaling 34 pathways
35 , 36 and
36 and 39 fbs
36 and 40 to
36 and 41 secrete
37 then 38 stimulating
38 stimulating 39 fbs
40 to 41 secrete
42 and 43 synthesize
42 and 45 or
44 collagen 45 or
45 or 46 elastin
47 , 48 heightening
48 heightening 51 matrix
48 heightening 52 ,
49 the 51 matrix
50 extracellular 51 matrix
52 , 54 eliminating
53 finally 54 eliminating
54 eliminating 56 and
54 eliminating 60 .
55 wrinkles 56 and
56 and 59 elasticity
57 strengthening 59 elasticity
58 skin 59 elasticity

these would provide a novel approach for anti - skin photoaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 would
2 would 3 provide
3 provide 6 approach
4 a 5 novel
4 a 6 approach
5 novel 6 approach
6 approach 7 for
7 for 11 photoaging
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 10 skin
10 skin 11 photoaging

psychotic symptoms occur in approximately 40 % of subjects with alzheimer disease ( ad with psychosis [;] ad + p ) and identify a subgroup [with] more rapid cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 psychotic 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 22 and
3 occur 4 in
3 occur 10 with
3 occur 22 and
4 in 7 %
5 approximately 6 40
6 40 7 %
7 % 8 of
8 of 9 subjects
10 with 12 disease
11 alzheimer 12 disease
12 disease 19 +
13 ( 19 +
14 ad 15 with
14 ad 19 +
15 with 18 ad
16 psychosis 18 ad
19 + 20 p
19 + 21 )
22 and 23 identify
23 identify 30 decline
24 a 30 decline
25 subgroup 30 decline
27 more 28 rapid
28 rapid 30 decline
29 cognitive 30 decline

each gene was thoroughly interrogated with tag single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) , and gene [-] based tests were used to enhance power . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interrogated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 each 2 gene
2 gene 3 was
3 was 5 interrogated
4 thoroughly 5 interrogated
5 interrogated 6 with
6 with 11 polymorphisms
7 tag 11 polymorphisms
8 single 9 -
8 single 10 nucleotide
10 nucleotide 11 polymorphisms
11 polymorphisms 13 snps
12 ( 13 snps
13 snps 14 )
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 tests
16 and 22 used
17 gene 19 based
19 based 20 tests
20 tests 21 were
21 were 22 used
22 used 23 to
22 used 24 enhance
23 to 24 enhance
24 enhance 25 power

we found no association of these genes with ad [+] p . explicit learning is well known to decline with age , but divergent results have been reported for implicit learning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 association
2 found 11 p
3 no 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 7 genes
6 these 7 genes
7 genes 8 with
8 with 9 ad
12 . 13 explicit
12 . 15 is
12 . 17 known
12 . 23 but
13 explicit 14 learning
13 explicit 15 is
15 is 16 well
16 well 17 known
17 known 18 to
17 known 19 decline
18 to 19 decline
19 decline 20 with
20 with 21 age
22 , 23 but
23 but 25 results
23 but 28 reported
24 divergent 25 results
25 results 26 have
26 have 27 been
27 been 28 reported
28 reported 29 for
29 for 31 learning
30 implicit 31 learning

here , we assessed the effect of aging on implicit [vs] [.] explicit learning within the same task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 aging
8 aging 9 on
8 aging 15 within
9 on 14 learning
10 implicit 14 learning
13 explicit 14 learning
15 within 18 task
16 the 17 same
17 same 18 task

fifty - five [young] ( mean 32 years ) and 55 elderly ( mean 64 years ) individuals were exposed to letter strings generated by an artificial grammar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fifty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 - 3 five
2 - 10 and
3 five 8 years
5 ( 8 years
6 mean 8 years
7 32 8 years
8 years 9 )
10 and 18 individuals
10 and 20 exposed
11 55 18 individuals
12 elderly 16 years
12 elderly 18 individuals
13 ( 16 years
14 mean 16 years
15 64 16 years
16 years 17 )
18 individuals 19 were
19 were 20 exposed
20 exposed 21 to
20 exposed 25 by
21 to 22 letter
22 letter 23 strings
23 strings 24 generated
25 by 28 grammar
26 an 27 artificial
26 an 28 grammar
27 artificial 28 grammar

subsequently , participants classified novel strings as grammatical or nongrammatical . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 3 participants
3 participants 4 classified
4 classified 6 strings
4 classified 7 as
5 novel 6 strings
7 as 9 or
8 grammatical 9 or
9 or 10 nongrammatical

acquisition [of] superficial [(] ["] chunk - based ["] ) [and] structural ( " rule - based ["] ) features of the grammar were analyzed separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 chunk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 acquisition 6 chunk
3 superficial 6 chunk
7 - 20 features
7 - 25 analyzed
7 - 27 .
8 based 10 )
8 based 20 features
12 structural 15 rule
12 structural 20 features
13 ( 14 "
13 ( 15 rule
15 rule 17 based
15 rule 19 )
16 - 17 based
17 based 19 )
20 features 21 of
20 features 24 were
21 of 23 grammar
22 the 23 grammar
24 were 25 analyzed
25 analyzed 26 separately

we found that overall classification accuracy was diminished in the elderly , driven by decreased performance on items that required chunk - based knowledge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 classification
2 found 21 chunk
3 that 5 classification
4 overall 5 classification
5 classification 6 accuracy
5 classification 7 was
5 classification 8 diminished
5 classification 14 by
6 accuracy 7 was
8 diminished 9 in
8 diminished 12 ,
8 diminished 13 driven
9 in 11 elderly
10 the 11 elderly
14 by 16 performance
15 decreased 16 performance
16 performance 17 on
17 on 18 items
19 that 21 chunk
20 required 21 chunk
22 - 24 knowledge
23 based 24 knowledge

performance on items requiring rule - based knowledge was comparable between groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 performance 8 knowledge
2 on 3 items
2 on 6 -
2 on 8 knowledge
3 items 4 requiring
4 requiring 5 rule
7 based 8 knowledge
8 knowledge 9 was
9 was 10 comparable
10 comparable 11 between
11 between 12 groups

results indicate that rule - based and chunk - based learning [are] differentially affected by age : while rule - based learning , reflecting implicit learning , is preserved , chunk - based learning , which contains at least some explicit learning aspects , declines with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 results 2 indicate
2 indicate 4 rule
3 that 4 rule
5 - 7 and
5 - 9 -
6 based 7 and
7 and 8 chunk
9 - 11 learning
9 - 17 :
10 based 11 learning
11 learning 14 affected
13 differentially 14 affected
14 affected 15 by
15 by 16 age
17 : 22 learning
18 while 19 rule
18 while 20 -
18 while 22 learning
21 based 22 learning
22 learning 24 reflecting
22 learning 28 is
23 , 24 reflecting
24 reflecting 26 learning
24 reflecting 27 ,
25 implicit 26 learning
28 is 30 ,
29 preserved 30 ,
30 , 31 chunk
30 , 33 based
30 , 34 learning
32 - 33 based
34 learning 36 which
35 , 36 which
36 which 44 ,
36 which 48 .
37 contains 39 least
37 contains 43 aspects
37 contains 44 ,
38 at 39 least
40 some 43 aspects
41 explicit 43 aspects
42 learning 43 aspects
44 , 45 declines
44 , 46 with
46 with 47 age

our findings may explain divergent results on implicit learning tasks in previous studies on aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 explain
4 explain 6 results
4 explain 7 on
4 explain 11 in
4 explain 14 on
5 divergent 6 results
7 on 10 tasks
8 implicit 10 tasks
9 learning 10 tasks
11 in 13 studies
12 previous 13 studies
14 on 15 aging

they may also help to better understand compensatory mechanisms during the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 they 2 may
2 may 4 help
3 also 4 help
4 help 5 to
4 help 7 understand
5 to 7 understand
6 better 7 understand
7 understand 9 mechanisms
7 understand 10 during
8 compensatory 9 mechanisms
10 during 13 process
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process

this paper applies the analytical tools of optimal taxation theory to the design of the optimal subsidy on preventive behaviours , in an economy where longevity varies across agents , and depends on preventive expenditures and on longevity genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 31 and
3 applies 6 tools
3 applies 18 on
3 applies 31 and
4 the 6 tools
5 analytical 6 tools
6 tools 7 of
7 of 10 theory
8 optimal 9 taxation
9 taxation 10 theory
10 theory 11 to
11 to 13 design
12 the 13 design
13 design 14 of
14 of 17 subsidy
15 the 17 subsidy
16 optimal 17 subsidy
18 on 20 behaviours
19 preventive 20 behaviours
20 behaviours 22 in
21 , 22 in
22 in 24 economy
22 in 30 ,
23 an 24 economy
24 economy 25 where
25 where 26 longevity
25 where 27 varies
26 longevity 27 varies
27 varies 28 across
28 across 29 agents
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 depends
31 and 36 and
33 on 35 expenditures
33 on 36 and
34 preventive 35 expenditures
36 and 37 on
37 on 39 genes
38 longevity 39 genes

public intervention can be here justified on three grounds : corrections for misperceptions of the survival process and for externalities related to individual preventive behaviour , and redistribution across both earnings and genetic dimensions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 justified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 public 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 here
4 be 6 justified
6 justified 7 on
7 on 9 grounds
8 three 9 grounds
10 : 27 and
10 : 35 .
11 corrections 18 and
11 corrections 27 and
12 for 13 misperceptions
12 for 18 and
13 misperceptions 14 of
14 of 17 process
15 the 17 process
16 survival 17 process
18 and 19 for
19 for 20 externalities
20 externalities 21 related
21 related 22 to
22 to 25 behaviour
23 individual 25 behaviour
24 preventive 25 behaviour
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 redistribution
27 and 29 across
29 across 32 and
30 both 31 earnings
31 earnings 32 and
32 and 34 dimensions
33 genetic 34 dimensions

the optimal subsidy on preventive expenditures is shown to depend on the combined impacts of misperception , externalities and self - selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subsidy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 subsidy
2 optimal 3 subsidy
3 subsidy 4 on
3 subsidy 7 is
4 on 6 expenditures
5 preventive 6 expenditures
7 is 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
9 to 10 depend
10 depend 11 on
11 on 14 impacts
12 the 14 impacts
13 combined 14 impacts
14 impacts 15 of
15 of 19 and
16 misperception 17 ,
17 , 18 externalities
17 , 19 and
19 and 20 self
21 - 22 selection

it is generally optimal to subsidize preventive efforts to an extent depending on the degree of individual myopia , on how productivity and genes are correlated , and on the complementarity of genes and preventive efforts in the survival function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subsidize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 generally
2 is 4 optimal
4 optimal 5 to
4 optimal 6 subsidize
5 to 6 subsidize
6 subsidize 8 efforts
6 subsidize 9 to
6 subsidize 28 and
6 subsidize 37 in
7 preventive 8 efforts
9 to 11 extent
10 an 11 extent
11 extent 12 depending
13 on 18 myopia
13 on 28 and
14 the 15 degree
15 degree 16 of
15 degree 18 myopia
16 of 18 myopia
17 individual 18 myopia
18 myopia 20 on
19 , 20 on
20 on 21 how
20 on 27 ,
21 how 23 and
21 how 25 are
22 productivity 23 and
23 and 24 genes
23 and 25 are
25 are 26 correlated
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 on
29 on 34 and
30 the 31 complementarity
31 complementarity 32 of
31 complementarity 34 and
32 of 33 genes
34 and 36 efforts
35 preventive 36 efforts
37 in 40 function
38 the 40 function
39 survival 40 function

the association between adverse health and loneliness among aging people is known , but most of the studies are [cross] [-] sectional . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 11 is
3 between 6 and
4 adverse 5 health
5 health 6 and
6 and 7 loneliness
6 and 8 among
8 among 9 aging
9 aging 10 people
11 is 12 known
13 , 14 but
14 but 18 studies
14 but 19 are
15 most 16 of
15 most 18 studies
16 of 18 studies
17 the 18 studies
18 studies 19 are
19 are 22 sectional

in addition , the associations between changes in loneliness with health are less well known , especially in the case of aging people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 known
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 associations
4 the 5 associations
5 associations 6 between
5 associations 12 are
6 between 7 changes
7 changes 8 in
8 in 9 loneliness
9 loneliness 10 with
10 with 11 health
12 are 14 well
12 are 15 known
13 less 14 well
15 known 18 in
16 , 17 especially
16 , 18 in
18 in 20 case
18 in 24 .
19 the 20 case
20 case 21 of
21 of 22 aging
22 aging 23 people

the present study examined whether absence [of] loneliness in 2005 predicted subsequent good srh in 2008 , and whether changes in loneliness were associated with srh in 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 5 whether
4 examined 20 changes
4 examined 24 associated
5 whether 8 loneliness
5 whether 11 predicted
6 absence 8 loneliness
8 loneliness 9 in
8 loneliness 11 predicted
9 in 10 2005
11 predicted 18 and
12 subsequent 14 srh
13 good 14 srh
14 srh 15 in
14 srh 18 and
15 in 16 2008
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 whether
20 changes 21 in
20 changes 23 were
21 in 22 loneliness
23 were 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 27 in
25 with 26 srh
27 in 28 2008

longitudinal , questionnaire - based data were collected from three age cohorts ( born in 1926 - 30 , 1936 - 40 , [and] 1946 - 50 ) living in southern finland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 longitudinal 2 ,
1 longitudinal 3 questionnaire
4 - 6 data
4 - 7 were
4 - 17 -
5 based 6 data
6 data 7 were
7 were 8 collected
8 collected 9 from
8 collected 14 born
9 from 12 cohorts
10 three 12 cohorts
11 age 12 cohorts
13 ( 14 born
14 born 15 in
14 born 17 -
15 in 16 1926
17 - 32 finland
18 30 30 in
19 , 21 -
20 1936 21 -
21 - 22 40
21 - 23 ,
21 - 29 living
23 , 26 -
25 1946 26 -
26 - 27 50
26 - 28 )
26 - 29 living
29 living 30 in
30 in 32 finland
31 southern 32 finland

baseline data was collected in 2002 ( n = 2815 , 66 % ) ; [the] follow - [ups] were done in 2005 ( n = 2476 , 60 % ) and 2008 [(] [n] =2 064 , 73 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 baseline 2 data
2 data 3 was
3 was 4 collected
4 collected 5 in
5 in 6 2002
6 2002 9 =
6 2002 13 %
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 2815
11 , 13 %
12 66 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 ; 17 follow
15 ; 18 -
18 - 20 were
20 were 32 and
21 done 22 in
21 done 32 and
22 in 23 2005
23 2005 26 =
23 2005 30 %
24 ( 26 =
25 n 26 =
26 = 27 2476
26 = 28 ,
28 , 30 %
29 60 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 and 36 =2
32 and 40 %
33 2008 36 =2
36 =2 37 064
38 , 40 %
39 73 40 %
40 % 41 )

logistic regression analyses were used to derive the results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 derive
6 to 7 derive
7 derive 9 results
8 the 9 results

never or seldom experiencing loneliness was a strong predictor for good srh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 never
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 or 4 experiencing
2 or 6 was
3 seldom 4 experiencing
4 experiencing 5 loneliness
4 experiencing 6 was
6 was 9 predictor
7 a 8 strong
7 a 9 predictor
8 strong 9 predictor
9 predictor 10 for
10 for 12 srh
11 good 12 srh

in addition , good health was common among those who never felt lonely . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 health
4 good 5 health
5 health 6 was
6 was 7 common
7 common 8 among
8 among 9 those
9 those 10 who
9 those 12 felt
10 who 12 felt
11 never 12 felt
12 felt 13 lonely

among men the group experiencing decreasing loneliness had the highest or of good health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 among 2 men
1 among 4 group
3 the 4 group
4 group 5 experiencing
4 group 8 had
5 experiencing 7 loneliness
6 decreasing 7 loneliness
8 had 11 or
9 the 10 highest
9 the 11 or
11 or 12 of
12 of 14 health
13 good 14 health

thus , loneliness is a significant contributor to poor srh among aging people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loneliness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 loneliness
3 loneliness 4 is
4 is 7 contributor
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 contributor
6 significant 7 contributor
7 contributor 8 to
8 to 10 srh
9 poor 10 srh
10 srh 11 among
11 among 12 aging
12 aging 13 people

in addition , favorable srh is indicated [not] only by the absence of loneliness at both measurement points , but also by decreased loneliness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 srh
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 srh
4 favorable 5 srh
5 srh 6 is
6 is 7 indicated
7 indicated 9 only
9 only 10 by
10 by 12 absence
11 the 12 absence
12 absence 13 of
13 of 14 loneliness
14 loneliness 20 but
15 at 18 points
15 at 20 but
16 both 18 points
17 measurement 18 points
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 also
20 but 22 by
22 by 24 loneliness
23 decreased 24 loneliness

preventing loneliness is important for health [promotion] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 preventing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 preventing 2 loneliness
1 preventing 3 is
3 is 4 important
4 important 5 for
5 for 6 health

microoxygenation ( mox ) is now widely applied for the maturation of red wines as an alternative to barrel aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 microoxygenation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 microoxygenation 3 mox
1 microoxygenation 5 is
2 ( 3 mox
3 mox 4 )
5 is 6 now
5 is 8 applied
7 widely 8 applied
8 applied 9 for
9 for 11 maturation
10 the 11 maturation
11 maturation 12 of
11 maturation 20 aging
12 of 14 wines
13 red 14 wines
15 as 17 alternative
15 as 20 aging
16 an 17 alternative
17 alternative 18 to
17 alternative 19 barrel
17 alternative 20 aging
18 to 19 barrel

the proposed improvements in wine quality arising from mox include color stabilization , removal of unwanted [off] - odors , and improvements in wine mouthfeel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 improvements
2 proposed 3 improvements
3 improvements 4 in
3 improvements 10 include
4 in 6 quality
5 wine 6 quality
6 quality 7 arising
6 quality 8 from
8 from 9 mox
10 include 12 stabilization
11 color 12 stabilization
13 , 21 and
13 , 25 mouthfeel
14 removal 15 of
14 removal 21 and
15 of 19 odors
16 unwanted 18 -
16 unwanted 19 odors
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 improvements
21 and 23 in
21 and 25 mouthfeel
23 in 24 wine

in this review , an outline is provided of oxygenation systems , particularly microbullage and polymer membrane delivery , [and] of the current understanding of wine oxidation processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 outline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provided
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 outline
2 this 3 review
5 an 6 outline
6 outline 7 is
7 is 8 provided
8 provided 9 of
9 of 11 systems
10 oxygenation 11 systems
11 systems 15 and
11 systems 21 of
12 , 13 particularly
12 , 15 and
14 microbullage 15 and
15 and 18 delivery
15 and 19 ,
16 polymer 17 membrane
17 membrane 18 delivery
19 , 21 of
21 of 24 understanding
21 of 29 .
22 the 24 understanding
23 current 24 understanding
24 understanding 25 of
25 of 28 processes
26 wine 28 processes
27 oxidation 28 processes

a summary of the results from published studies into red wine mox is then provided , beginning with observations on o ( 2 ) and acetaldehyde accumulation , and the moderating effect of added sulfur dioxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 a 2 summary
2 summary 3 of
2 summary 15 provided
2 summary 25 and
3 of 5 results
4 the 5 results
5 results 6 from
5 results 9 into
5 results 12 mox
5 results 13 is
6 from 8 studies
7 published 8 studies
9 into 11 wine
10 red 11 wine
12 mox 13 is
14 then 15 provided
15 provided 17 beginning
16 , 17 beginning
17 beginning 18 with
17 beginning 24 )
18 with 19 observations
19 observations 20 on
19 observations 23 2
20 on 21 o
22 ( 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 and 27 accumulation
25 and 29 and
26 acetaldehyde 27 accumulation
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 effect
30 the 32 effect
31 moderating 32 effect
32 effect 33 of
33 of 36 dioxide
34 added 35 sulfur
35 sulfur 36 dioxide

effects upon red wine color , particularly the more rapid formation of polymeric pigments and higher color retention , have been consistently demonstrated in mox studies , along with further effects on specific polyphenol compounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 demonstrated
1 effects 2 upon
1 effects 20 have
2 upon 5 color
3 red 4 wine
4 wine 5 color
5 color 11 formation
6 , 7 particularly
6 , 11 formation
8 the 11 formation
9 more 10 rapid
10 rapid 11 formation
11 formation 12 of
11 formation 19 ,
12 of 15 and
13 polymeric 14 pigments
14 pigments 15 and
15 and 18 retention
16 higher 17 color
17 color 18 retention
20 have 21 been
21 been 22 consistently
21 been 23 demonstrated
23 demonstrated 24 in
24 in 26 studies
25 mox 26 studies
26 studies 29 with
27 , 29 with
28 along 29 with
29 with 31 effects
29 with 36 .
30 further 31 effects
31 effects 32 on
32 on 35 compounds
33 specific 34 polyphenol
34 polyphenol 35 compounds

a few reports have recently examined the effect of mox on red wine aromas , but these have yet to identify compounds that consistently change in a manner that would explain sensory observations regarding a lowering of herbaceous and reductive odors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 a 2 few
2 few 3 reports
3 reports 4 have
4 have 6 examined
5 recently 6 examined
6 examined 8 effect
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 10 mox
10 mox 11 on
11 on 14 aromas
12 red 13 wine
13 wine 14 aromas
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 these
16 but 18 have
17 these 18 have
18 have 20 to
19 yet 20 to
20 to 21 identify
21 identify 22 compounds
21 identify 26 in
22 compounds 23 that
22 compounds 25 change
23 that 25 change
24 consistently 25 change
26 in 28 manner
27 a 28 manner
28 manner 29 that
28 manner 31 explain
29 that 30 would
30 would 31 explain
31 explain 33 observations
32 sensory 33 observations
33 observations 34 regarding
34 regarding 36 lowering
35 a 36 lowering
36 lowering 37 of
37 of 41 odors
38 herbaceous 39 and
39 and 40 reductive
39 and 41 odors

likewise , tannin analyses have been undertaken in several studies , but explanations of the decline in wine astringency remain to be developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 4 analyses
3 tannin 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 undertaken
7 undertaken 8 in
8 in 10 studies
9 several 10 studies
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 explanations
12 but 20 remain
13 explanations 14 of
13 explanations 20 remain
14 of 16 decline
15 the 16 decline
16 decline 17 in
17 in 19 astringency
18 wine 19 astringency
20 remain 21 to
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 developed

the accelerated growth of unwanted microorganisms has also been examined in a limited number of studies , but no major problems have been identified in this area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 growth
2 accelerated 3 growth
3 growth 4 of
3 growth 7 has
4 of 6 microorganisms
5 unwanted 6 microorganisms
7 has 9 been
8 also 9 been
9 been 10 examined
10 examined 11 in
11 in 16 studies
12 a 14 number
13 limited 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 16 studies
15 of 16 studies
17 , 18 but
18 but 21 problems
18 but 24 identified
19 no 21 problems
20 major 21 problems
21 problems 22 have
22 have 23 been
23 been 24 identified
24 identified 25 in
25 in 27 area
26 this 27 area

heart failure is a chronic progressive disorder in which frequent and recurrent hospitalizations are associated with high mortality and morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 failure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 heart 2 failure
2 failure 3 is
3 is 7 disorder
4 a 5 chronic
4 a 7 disorder
5 chronic 7 disorder
6 progressive 7 disorder
7 disorder 8 in
8 in 9 which
8 in 11 and
8 in 15 associated
10 frequent 11 and
11 and 12 recurrent
11 and 13 hospitalizations
11 and 14 are
11 and 15 associated
13 hospitalizations 14 are
15 associated 16 with
16 with 19 and
17 high 18 mortality
18 mortality 19 and
19 and 20 morbidity

the incidence and the prevalence of this disease will increase with the increase in the number of the aging population of the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 incidence
3 and 5 prevalence
3 and 10 increase
4 the 5 prevalence
5 prevalence 6 of
5 prevalence 9 will
6 of 8 disease
7 this 8 disease
9 will 10 increase
10 increase 11 with
10 increase 14 in
11 with 13 increase
12 the 13 increase
14 in 20 population
15 the 16 number
16 number 17 of
16 number 20 population
17 of 20 population
18 the 20 population
19 aging 20 population
20 population 21 of
21 of 24 states
22 the 24 states
23 united 24 states

understanding the molecular pathology and pathophysiology of this disease will uncover novel targets and therapies that can restore the function or attenuate the damage of malfunctioning cardiomyocytes by gene therapy that becomes an interesting and a promising field for the treatment of heart failure as well as other diseases in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 understanding 13 targets
2 the 4 pathology
3 molecular 4 pathology
4 pathology 5 and
5 and 6 pathophysiology
5 and 9 disease
5 and 11 uncover
5 and 12 novel
6 pathophysiology 7 of
7 of 8 this
9 disease 10 will
10 will 11 uncover
12 novel 13 targets
13 targets 14 and
14 and 15 therapies
14 and 16 that
14 and 17 can
16 that 17 can
17 can 21 or
18 restore 20 function
18 restore 21 or
19 the 20 function
21 or 22 attenuate
21 or 47 as
22 attenuate 24 damage
22 attenuate 28 by
23 the 24 damage
24 damage 25 of
25 of 26 malfunctioning
26 malfunctioning 27 cardiomyocytes
28 by 30 therapy
29 gene 30 therapy
30 therapy 31 that
30 therapy 32 becomes
31 that 32 becomes
32 becomes 44 failure
33 an 44 failure
34 interesting 35 and
35 and 38 field
35 and 39 for
35 and 44 failure
36 a 38 field
37 promising 38 field
39 for 41 treatment
40 the 41 treatment
41 treatment 42 of
42 of 43 heart
44 failure 45 as
45 as 46 well
47 as 49 diseases
48 other 49 diseases
49 diseases 50 in
50 in 52 future
51 the 52 future

[of] equal importance are developing vectors and delivery methods that can efficiently transduce most of the cardiomyocytes that can offer a long - term expression and that can escape the host immune response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 importance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 equal 3 importance
3 importance 4 are
4 are 7 and
4 are 14 most
5 developing 6 vectors
6 vectors 7 and
7 and 9 methods
7 and 10 that
7 and 13 transduce
8 delivery 9 methods
10 that 11 can
11 can 13 transduce
12 efficiently 13 transduce
14 most 15 of
15 of 17 cardiomyocytes
16 the 17 cardiomyocytes
17 cardiomyocytes 18 that
17 cardiomyocytes 19 can
18 that 19 can
19 can 26 and
20 offer 24 term
20 offer 25 expression
20 offer 26 and
21 a 24 term
22 long 23 -
22 long 24 term
26 and 29 escape
27 that 28 can
28 can 29 escape
29 escape 33 response
30 the 33 response
31 host 33 response
32 immune 33 response

recombinant adeno - associated virus vectors have the potential to become [a] promising novel therapeutic vehicles for molecular medicine in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vectors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 recombinant 6 vectors
2 adeno 3 -
2 adeno 5 virus
4 associated 5 virus
5 virus 6 vectors
6 vectors 7 have
7 have 9 potential
7 have 10 to
8 the 9 potential
10 to 11 become
11 become 16 vehicles
11 become 20 in
13 promising 16 vehicles
14 novel 16 vehicles
15 therapeutic 16 vehicles
16 vehicles 17 for
17 for 19 medicine
18 molecular 19 medicine
20 in 22 future
21 the 22 future

objective : to compare video - assisted thoracic surgery ( vats ) and open thoracotomy ( ot ) on acute inflammatory responses and immunosuppression after lobectomy for early [non] - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 13 and
3 to 13 and
4 compare 5 video
4 compare 13 and
5 video 9 surgery
6 - 9 surgery
7 assisted 9 surgery
8 thoracic 9 surgery
9 surgery 11 vats
9 surgery 12 )
10 ( 11 vats
11 vats 12 )
13 and 14 open
14 open 15 thoracotomy
14 open 19 on
14 open 25 after
14 open 27 for
15 thoracotomy 17 ot
16 ( 17 ot
17 ot 18 )
19 on 23 and
20 acute 22 responses
21 inflammatory 22 responses
22 responses 23 and
23 and 24 immunosuppression
25 after 26 lobectomy
27 for 34 cancer
28 early 30 -
28 early 32 cell
31 small 32 cell
32 cell 34 cancer
33 lung 34 cancer
34 cancer 36 nsclc
35 ( 36 nsclc
36 nsclc 37 )

methods : present prospective randomized study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 study
3 present 6 study
4 prospective 6 study
5 randomized 6 study

ot or vats lobectomy was performed in patients who met enter criteria and clinical data was collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 enter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ot 2 or
2 or 3 vats
2 or 4 lobectomy
2 or 5 was
2 or 6 performed
2 or 11 enter
4 lobectomy 5 was
6 performed 7 in
7 in 8 patients
8 patients 9 who
8 patients 10 met
9 who 10 met
11 enter 12 criteria
13 and 15 data
13 and 16 was
14 clinical 15 data
15 data 16 was
16 was 17 collected

plasma concentration of il - 6 , il - 8 and il - 10 were measured before surgery and at postoperative day ( pod ) [1] and pod 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 plasma 2 concentration
2 concentration 3 of
2 concentration 27 and
3 of 4 il
4 il 6 6
5 - 6 6
6 6 8 il
6 6 25 )
7 , 8 il
8 il 12 il
8 il 25 )
9 - 12 il
10 8 11 and
11 and 12 il
12 il 14 10
12 il 15 were
12 il 16 measured
12 il 24 pod
12 il 25 )
13 - 14 10
14 10 15 were
16 measured 19 and
17 before 18 surgery
17 before 19 and
19 and 20 at
20 at 22 day
21 postoperative 22 day
23 ( 24 pod
24 pod 25 )
27 and 28 pod
28 pod 29 3

there were 271 patients underwent lobectomy for early nsclc , including of 133 patients in group vats and 138 patients in group ot from january 2007 to june 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 3 271
2 were 6 lobectomy
3 271 4 patients
3 271 5 underwent
4 patients 5 underwent
6 lobectomy 7 for
7 for 9 nsclc
8 early 9 nsclc
10 , 18 and
11 including 12 of
11 including 15 in
11 including 18 and
12 of 14 patients
13 133 14 patients
15 in 17 vats
16 group 17 vats
18 and 20 patients
18 and 27 to
19 138 20 patients
20 patients 21 in
20 patients 24 from
21 in 23 ot
22 group 23 ot
24 from 25 january
25 january 26 2007
27 to 28 june
28 june 29 2008

there were 132 males and 139 females , aging from 19 ∼ 70 years with a mean [of] ( 56 ± 8 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 and
3 132 4 males
4 males 5 and
5 and 7 females
5 and 9 aging
6 139 7 females
8 , 9 aging
9 aging 10 from
9 aging 15 with
9 aging 25 .
10 from 14 years
11 19 14 years
12 ∼ 14 years
13 70 14 years
15 with 24 years
16 a 24 years
17 mean 21 ±
17 mean 23 )
17 mean 24 years
19 ( 21 ±
20 56 21 ±
21 ± 22 8
21 ± 23 )

results : compared with ot group [,] shorter postoperative hospital stay [[] [(] 8.2 ± 2.5 [ )( vs [.] [(] 9.8 ± 6.2 [ )(d , p = 0.03 ] [,] lower morbidity rate ( 11.3 % vs [.] 21.7 % , p = 0.02 [ )( lower increase of plasma concentration of [il] - 6 at pod 1 [[] ( 35 ± 25 ) % vs [.] [(] 65 ± 43 [ )( , p = 0.00 ] , il - 6 at pod 3 [[] ( 14 ± 22 ) % vs [.] [(] 55 ± 44 [ )( , [p] = 0.00 []] [and] il - 10 at pod 1 [[] ( 25 ± 20 ) % vs [.] [(] 43 ± 35 [ )(% , p = 0.00 ] were observed in patients of vats [group] [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 5 ot
4 with 15 ±
6 group 15 ±
8 shorter 11 stay
9 postoperative 10 hospital
10 hospital 11 stay
11 stay 15 ±
14 8.2 15 ±
15 ± 16 2.5
15 ± 19 vs
19 vs 23 ±
22 9.8 23 ±
23 ± 24 6.2
23 ± 33 lower
24 6.2 29 =
24 6.2 33 lower
26 )(d 29 =
27 , 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.03
29 = 31 ]
33 lower 45 =
34 morbidity 35 rate
35 rate 38 %
36 ( 38 %
37 11.3 38 %
38 % 39 vs
38 % 43 ,
39 vs 42 %
41 21.7 42 %
43 , 45 =
44 p 45 =
45 = 50 increase
46 0.02 50 increase
49 lower 50 increase
50 increase 51 of
50 increase 54 of
51 of 53 concentration
52 plasma 53 concentration
54 of 57 6
56 - 57 6
57 6 58 at
57 6 68 vs
58 at 67 %
59 pod 60 1
59 pod 64 ±
59 pod 67 %
62 ( 64 ±
63 35 64 ±
64 ± 65 25
64 ± 66 )
68 vs 72 ±
71 65 72 ±
72 ± 73 43
72 ± 78 =
72 ± 83 -
76 , 78 =
77 p 78 =
78 = 79 0.00
78 = 80 ]
81 , 83 -
82 il 83 -
83 - 84 6
84 6 85 at
84 6 95 vs
85 at 94 %
86 pod 87 3
86 pod 91 ±
86 pod 94 %
89 ( 91 ±
90 14 91 ±
91 ± 92 22
91 ± 93 )
95 vs 99 ±
98 55 99 ±
99 ± 100 44
99 ± 110 -
103 , 110 -
105 = 106 0.00
106 0.00 109 il
109 il 110 -
110 - 111 10
111 10 112 at
111 10 122 vs
112 at 121 %
113 pod 114 1
113 pod 118 ±
113 pod 121 %
116 ( 118 ±
117 25 118 ±
118 ± 119 20
118 ± 120 )
122 vs 125 43
125 43 126 ±
125 43 136 observed
126 ± 129 )(%
126 ± 135 were
126 ± 136 observed
127 35 129 )(%
129 )(% 132 =
129 )(% 135 were
130 , 132 =
131 p 132 =
132 = 133 0.00
132 = 134 ]
136 observed 137 in
137 in 138 patients
138 patients 139 of
139 of 140 vats

conclusion : vats lobectomy for early nsclc is associated with less acute inflammatory responses and less immunosuppression when compared with ot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 lobectomy
2 : 9 associated
3 vats 4 lobectomy
4 lobectomy 5 for
4 lobectomy 8 is
5 for 7 nsclc
6 early 7 nsclc
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 18 when
10 with 15 and
11 less 12 acute
12 acute 14 responses
13 inflammatory 14 responses
14 responses 15 and
15 and 17 immunosuppression
16 less 17 immunosuppression
18 when 19 compared
19 compared 20 with
20 with 21 ot

objective : to discuss the surgical option and the treatment of complications of pancreatic cystic tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 discuss
2 : 17 .
3 to 4 discuss
4 discuss 8 and
5 the 7 option
6 surgical 7 option
7 option 8 and
8 and 10 treatment
8 and 11 of
9 the 10 treatment
11 of 12 complications
12 complications 13 of
13 of 16 tumors
14 pancreatic 16 tumors
15 cystic 16 tumors

methods : from january 1997 to december 2009 , 32 patients with pancreatic cystic tumors in our center were reviewed retrospectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 from
2 : 6 to
3 from 4 january
4 january 5 1997
6 to 7 december
7 december 8 2009
9 , 11 patients
9 , 20 reviewed
10 32 11 patients
11 patients 12 with
11 patients 19 were
12 with 15 tumors
13 pancreatic 15 tumors
14 cystic 15 tumors
15 tumors 16 in
16 in 18 center
17 our 18 center
19 were 20 reviewed
20 reviewed 21 retrospectively

there were 6 male and 26 female , aging from 24 to 76 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 and
3 6 5 and
4 male 5 and
5 and 7 female
5 and 9 aging
6 26 7 female
8 , 9 aging
9 aging 10 from
9 aging 15 .
10 from 14 years
11 24 12 to
12 to 13 76
12 to 14 years

of the 32 patients , 16 patients had serous cystadenoma , 9 patients had mucinous cystadenoma ; 1 patients had mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ; 4 patients had intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and 3 patients had pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 of 4 patients
1 of 5 ,
1 of 7 patients
2 the 4 patients
3 32 4 patients
6 16 7 patients
7 patients 8 had
8 had 10 cystadenoma
9 serous 10 cystadenoma
11 , 13 patients
11 , 14 had
11 , 17 ;
12 9 13 patients
13 patients 14 had
14 had 16 cystadenoma
15 mucinous 16 cystadenoma
17 ; 19 patients
17 ; 23 ;
18 1 19 patients
19 patients 20 had
20 had 22 cystadenocarcinoma
21 mucinous 22 cystadenocarcinoma
23 ; 25 patients
23 ; 31 and
24 4 25 patients
25 patients 26 had
26 had 30 neoplasms
27 intraductal 30 neoplasms
28 papillary 30 neoplasms
29 mucinous 30 neoplasms
31 and 33 patients
31 and 34 had
32 3 33 patients
33 patients 34 had
34 had 38 neoplasms
35 pancreatic 38 neoplasms
36 solid 38 neoplasms
37 pseudopapillary 38 neoplasms

tumor located [in] pancreatic head in 12 patients and [in] pancreatic body and tail in 20 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tumor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 located
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 tumor 2 located
2 located 5 head
2 located 6 in
2 located 15 in
4 pancreatic 5 head
6 in 13 and
7 12 8 patients
8 patients 9 and
9 and 12 body
9 and 13 and
11 pancreatic 12 body
13 and 14 tail
15 in 17 patients
16 20 17 patients

results : all patients received surgical treatment and there was no perioperative death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 5 received
2 : 8 and
2 : 14 .
3 all 4 patients
4 patients 5 received
5 received 7 treatment
6 surgical 7 treatment
8 and 9 there
8 and 10 was
9 there 10 was
10 was 13 death
11 no 13 death
12 perioperative 13 death

pancreato - duodenectomy was performed in 10 patients , duodenum - preserving pancreatic head resection in 1 patient , distal pancreactomy in 13 patients , including laparoscopic distal pancreactomy in 2 patients , pancreatic tumor resection in 3 patients , middle segmental resection in 4 patients ; 1 patients with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma received palliative surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 duodenectomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 pancreato 2 -
1 pancreato 3 duodenectomy
3 duodenectomy 4 was
4 was 5 performed
5 performed 6 in
5 performed 12 preserving
5 performed 26 including
6 in 8 patients
7 10 8 patients
8 patients 10 duodenum
9 , 10 duodenum
10 duodenum 11 -
11 - 12 preserving
12 preserving 15 resection
12 preserving 22 in
12 preserving 25 ,
13 pancreatic 14 head
14 head 15 resection
15 resection 16 in
16 in 21 pancreactomy
17 1 21 pancreactomy
18 patient 19 ,
18 patient 21 pancreactomy
20 distal 21 pancreactomy
22 in 24 patients
23 13 24 patients
25 , 26 including
26 including 29 pancreactomy
26 including 30 in
26 including 47 ;
27 laparoscopic 29 pancreactomy
28 distal 29 pancreactomy
30 in 32 patients
31 2 32 patients
32 patients 36 resection
33 , 36 resection
34 pancreatic 36 resection
35 tumor 36 resection
36 resection 37 in
36 resection 43 resection
36 resection 47 ;
37 in 39 patients
38 3 39 patients
40 , 43 resection
41 middle 43 resection
42 segmental 43 resection
43 resection 44 in
43 resection 47 ;
44 in 46 patients
45 4 46 patients
47 ; 49 patients
47 ; 53 received
48 1 49 patients
49 patients 50 with
49 patients 53 received
50 with 52 cystadenocarcinoma
51 mucinous 52 cystadenocarcinoma
53 received 55 surgery
54 palliative 55 surgery

complication included gastroparesis in 3 patients and pancreatic fistula in 5 patients , and all recovered by conservative treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 complication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 complication 2 included
2 included 3 gastroparesis
2 included 4 in
4 in 14 and
5 3 6 patients
6 patients 7 and
7 and 9 fistula
7 and 10 in
7 and 14 and
8 pancreatic 9 fistula
10 in 12 patients
11 5 12 patients
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 all
14 and 16 recovered
16 recovered 17 by
17 by 19 treatment
18 conservative 19 treatment

these 29 patients were followed up 4 - 120 months , 3 patients died from tumor metastasis or other disease within 4 to 34 months after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 29
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 29
2 29 3 patients
2 29 4 were
2 29 5 followed
3 patients 4 were
5 followed 6 up
5 followed 7 4
5 followed 26 after
7 4 10 months
8 - 10 months
9 120 10 months
10 months 11 ,
12 3 13 patients
13 patients 14 died
14 died 15 from
14 died 21 within
15 from 18 or
16 tumor 17 metastasis
17 metastasis 18 or
18 or 20 disease
19 other 20 disease
21 within 23 to
22 4 23 to
23 to 24 34
24 34 25 months
25 months 26 after
26 after 27 surgery

others were alive and there was no tumor recurrence or metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 others
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 others 2 were
2 were 3 alive
4 and 5 there
4 and 6 was
5 there 6 was
6 was 10 or
7 no 9 recurrence
8 tumor 9 recurrence
9 recurrence 10 or
10 or 11 metastasis

conclusions : ct [scan] should be the first choice of [non] [-] invasive examination for cystic pancreatic diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ct
2 : 6 be
2 : 19 .
3 ct 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 9 choice
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 choice
9 choice 10 of
10 of 14 examination
13 invasive 14 examination
14 examination 15 for
15 for 18 diagnosis
16 cystic 18 diagnosis
17 pancreatic 18 diagnosis

positive and timely operation should be performed in the patient with cystic pancreatic tumor , and it acts as a cancer preventive treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tumor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 positive 2 and
2 and 3 timely
2 and 4 operation
2 and 11 with
2 and 14 tumor
4 operation 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 performed
7 performed 8 in
7 performed 11 with
8 in 10 patient
9 the 10 patient
12 cystic 14 tumor
13 pancreatic 14 tumor
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 it
16 and 18 acts
17 it 18 acts
18 acts 19 as
19 as 23 treatment
20 a 21 cancer
20 a 23 treatment
21 cancer 23 treatment
22 preventive 23 treatment

the selection [of] surgical approach should be individualized , the principal of damage control surgery should be followed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 individualized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 5 approach
2 selection 5 approach
4 surgical 5 approach
5 approach 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 8 individualized
9 , 11 principal
9 , 18 followed
10 the 11 principal
11 principal 12 of
11 principal 16 should
12 of 15 surgery
13 damage 15 surgery
14 control 15 surgery
16 should 17 be
17 be 18 followed

complications such as gastroparesis and pancreatic fistula should be paid more attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 paid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 complications 3 as
1 complications 8 should
2 such 3 as
3 as 5 and
4 gastroparesis 5 and
5 and 7 fistula
6 pancreatic 7 fistula
8 should 9 be
9 be 10 paid
10 paid 12 attention
11 more 12 attention

objective : to study the clinical application value of middle segment pancreatectomy in the treatment of benign tumors of the amphi - [neck] of the pancreas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 study
3 to 4 study
4 study 8 value
4 study 13 in
5 the 8 value
6 clinical 7 application
7 application 8 value
8 value 9 of
9 of 12 pancreatectomy
10 middle 12 pancreatectomy
11 segment 12 pancreatectomy
13 in 15 treatment
14 the 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 of
16 of 18 tumors
17 benign 18 tumors
18 tumors 19 of
18 tumors 24 of
19 of 21 amphi
20 the 21 amphi
22 - 24 of
24 of 26 pancreas
24 of 27 .
25 the 26 pancreas

methods : fifteen cases were retrospectively analyzed treated from november 2005 to june 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 fifteen
3 fifteen 4 cases
3 fifteen 5 were
3 fifteen 7 analyzed
3 fifteen 8 treated
4 cases 5 were
6 retrospectively 7 analyzed
8 treated 9 from
8 treated 12 to
9 from 10 november
10 november 11 2005
12 to 13 june
13 june 14 2009

there were 3 male and 12 female aging from 30 to 50 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 and
3 3 5 and
4 male 5 and
5 and 7 female
5 and 8 aging
5 and 9 from
6 12 7 female
9 from 13 years
10 30 11 to
11 to 12 50
11 to 13 years

they all received middle segment pancreatectomy for benign tumors of the amphi - [neck] of the pancreas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 received
1 they 3 received
2 all 3 received
3 received 6 pancreatectomy
4 middle 6 pancreatectomy
5 segment 6 pancreatectomy
6 pancreatectomy 7 for
7 for 9 tumors
8 benign 9 tumors
9 tumors 10 of
10 of 12 amphi
11 the 12 amphi
12 amphi 15 of
13 - 15 of
15 of 17 pancreas
15 of 18 .
16 the 17 pancreas

results : there was no death during perioperative period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 10 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 death
5 no 6 death
6 death 7 during
7 during 9 period
8 perioperative 9 period

all the 15 patients received middle segment pancreatectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 4 patients
1 all 5 received
2 the 3 15
3 15 4 patients
5 received 8 pancreatectomy
6 middle 8 pancreatectomy
7 segment 8 pancreatectomy

fourteen of them received the closure of broken ends of pancreatic head , pancreaticojejunostomy ( mono - anastomosis ) and the rest one received dipl - anastomosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fourteen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 fourteen 2 of
1 fourteen 4 received
2 of 3 them
4 received 27 anastomosis
5 the 6 closure
6 closure 7 of
6 closure 20 and
7 of 9 ends
8 broken 9 ends
9 ends 10 of
9 ends 14 pancreaticojejunostomy
10 of 12 head
11 pancreatic 12 head
13 , 14 pancreaticojejunostomy
14 pancreaticojejunostomy 18 anastomosis
14 pancreaticojejunostomy 19 )
15 ( 18 anastomosis
16 mono 17 -
16 mono 18 anastomosis
18 anastomosis 19 )
20 and 22 rest
20 and 23 one
20 and 24 received
20 and 27 anastomosis
21 the 22 rest
23 one 24 received
25 dipl 26 -
25 dipl 27 anastomosis

postoperative pathology showed that in the 15 patients , 1 [got] solid - pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas , 3 got [non] [-] functional islet cell tumor [,] 11 got cystadenoma of [pancreas] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 postoperative 2 pathology
2 pathology 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 20 3
4 that 21 got
5 in 8 patients
5 in 19 ,
5 in 20 3
6 the 7 15
7 15 8 patients
8 patients 15 tumor
9 , 15 tumor
10 1 15 tumor
12 solid 13 -
12 solid 15 tumor
14 pseudopapillary 15 tumor
15 tumor 16 of
15 tumor 19 ,
16 of 18 pancreas
17 the 18 pancreas
20 3 21 got
21 got 25 islet
24 functional 25 islet
25 islet 27 tumor
25 islet 32 of
26 cell 27 tumor
27 tumor 29 11
27 tumor 30 got
30 got 31 cystadenoma
31 cystadenoma 32 of

three of them got pancreatic [fistula] and were self cured in 3 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 three 2 of
1 three 7 and
2 of 3 them
4 got 5 pancreatic
4 got 7 and
7 and 8 were
7 and 11 in
8 were 10 cured
9 self 10 cured
11 in 13 months
12 3 13 months

follow - up visits to all the patients kept in the following 2 to 45 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 - 3 up
3 up 4 visits
3 up 5 to
3 up 10 in
5 to 6 all
6 all 7 the
6 all 8 patients
7 the 8 patients
8 patients 9 kept
10 in 16 months
11 the 12 following
11 the 14 to
13 2 14 to
14 to 15 45
14 to 16 months

there was no death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 death
3 no 4 death

no patients got new - onset diabetes and pancreatic pseudocyst . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 got
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 no 2 patients
2 patients 3 got
3 got 8 and
4 new 5 -
4 new 6 onset
6 onset 7 diabetes
7 diabetes 8 and
8 and 10 pseudocyst
9 pancreatic 10 pseudocyst

and their tumors were not [relapsed] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 and 3 tumors
1 and 4 were
2 their 3 tumors
3 tumors 4 were
4 were 5 not

conclusions : there is an exact therapeutic effect of middle segment pancreatectomy for benign tumors of the amphi - [neck] of the pancreas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 8 effect
5 an 6 exact
5 an 8 effect
6 exact 8 effect
7 therapeutic 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
8 effect 13 for
8 effect 21 of
9 of 12 pancreatectomy
10 middle 12 pancreatectomy
11 segment 12 pancreatectomy
13 for 15 tumors
14 benign 15 tumors
15 tumors 16 of
16 of 18 amphi
17 the 18 amphi
19 - 21 of
21 of 23 pancreas
21 of 24 .
22 the 23 pancreas

the treatment has little function damage to patients ' endocrine and external secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 has
3 has 6 damage
3 has 7 to
4 little 5 function
5 function 6 damage
7 to 13 secretion
8 patients 9 '
9 ' 13 secretion
10 endocrine 11 and
11 and 12 external
11 and 13 secretion

the incidence rate of pancreatic fistula [in] middle segment pancreatectomy is higher than that in pancreaticoduodenectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 rate
2 incidence 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 11 is
4 of 10 pancreatectomy
5 pancreatic 6 fistula
6 fistula 10 pancreatectomy
8 middle 10 pancreatectomy
9 segment 10 pancreatectomy
11 is 12 higher
12 higher 13 than
12 higher 15 in
13 than 14 that
15 in 16 pancreaticoduodenectomy

as long as the drainage is kept unobstructed [,] most of the pancreatic fistula can be self cured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 long
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 as 2 long
2 long 3 as
2 long 16 be
3 as 5 drainage
3 as 7 kept
3 as 8 unobstructed
4 the 5 drainage
5 drainage 6 is
6 is 7 kept
10 most 11 of
10 most 15 can
11 of 14 fistula
12 the 14 fistula
13 pancreatic 14 fistula
15 can 16 be
16 be 18 cured
17 self 18 cured

objective : to investigate the surgical options for the malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor ( pnets ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 17 .
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 7 options
5 the 7 options
6 surgical 7 options
7 options 8 for
8 for 13 tumor
9 the 13 tumor
10 malignant 12 neuroendocrine
11 pancreatic 12 neuroendocrine
12 neuroendocrine 13 tumor
13 tumor 15 pnets
14 ( 15 pnets
15 pnets 16 )

methods : the clinic data of 32 patients with malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who were admitted between january 2003 and december 2009 were summarized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 data
2 : 24 summarized
2 : 25 .
3 the 5 data
4 clinic 5 data
5 data 6 of
5 data 14 who
5 data 15 were
5 data 23 were
6 of 8 patients
7 32 8 patients
8 patients 9 with
9 with 13 tumors
10 malignant 12 neuroendocrine
11 pancreatic 12 neuroendocrine
12 neuroendocrine 13 tumors
14 who 15 were
15 were 16 admitted
16 admitted 17 between
17 between 20 and
18 january 19 2003
18 january 20 and
20 and 21 december
21 december 22 2009
23 were 24 summarized

there were 19 male and 13 female , aging from 17 to 71 years ( mean age , 46.3 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 and
3 19 5 and
4 male 5 and
5 and 7 female
5 and 9 aging
6 13 7 female
8 , 9 aging
9 aging 14 years
9 aging 22 .
10 from 12 to
11 17 12 to
12 to 13 71
12 to 14 years
14 years 17 age
14 years 20 years
15 ( 17 age
16 mean 17 age
17 age 18 ,
18 , 20 years
19 46.3 20 years
20 years 21 )

the general information , postoperative pathology results , surgical options and followup were also collected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 information
2 general 3 information
3 information 4 ,
4 , 7 results
4 , 8 ,
5 postoperative 6 pathology
6 pathology 7 results
8 , 10 options
8 , 11 and
9 surgical 10 options
11 and 12 followup
11 and 13 were
13 were 14 also
13 were 15 collected

results : there were 32 cases of malignant pnets including functional malignant pnets in 12 cases and nonfunctional malignant pnets in 20 cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 were
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 cases
4 were 14 in
4 were 21 in
5 32 6 cases
6 cases 7 of
6 cases 10 including
7 of 9 pnets
8 malignant 9 pnets
10 including 13 pnets
11 functional 13 pnets
12 malignant 13 pnets
14 in 17 and
15 12 16 cases
16 cases 17 and
17 and 20 pnets
18 nonfunctional 20 pnets
19 malignant 20 pnets
21 in 23 cases
22 20 23 cases

thirty - one patients accepted surgical treatments which included local resections in 4 patients , whipple procedures in 7 patients , distal pancreatectomy in 17 patients and laparotomy in 3 patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 accepted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 - 3 one
3 one 4 patients
3 one 5 accepted
4 patients 5 accepted
5 accepted 7 treatments
6 surgical 7 treatments
7 treatments 8 which
7 treatments 9 included
8 which 9 included
9 included 11 resections
10 local 11 resections
11 resections 12 in
11 resections 22 distal
12 in 14 patients
13 4 14 patients
14 patients 17 procedures
15 , 17 procedures
16 whipple 17 procedures
17 procedures 18 in
17 procedures 21 ,
18 in 20 patients
19 7 20 patients
22 distal 27 and
22 distal 29 in
23 pancreatectomy 24 in
23 pancreatectomy 27 and
24 in 26 patients
25 17 26 patients
27 and 28 laparotomy
29 in 31 patients
30 3 31 patients

one patient accepted ct guided [biopsy] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accepted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 one 2 patient
2 patient 3 accepted
3 accepted 4 ct
4 ct 5 guided

follow up [were] lost in two patients after operations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 follow 2 up
1 follow 4 lost
4 lost 5 in
4 lost 8 after
5 in 7 patients
6 two 7 patients
8 after 9 operations

five patients died in the first year after operations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 died
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 five 2 patients
2 patients 3 died
3 died 4 in
3 died 8 after
5 the 7 year
6 first 7 year
7 year 8 after
8 after 9 operations

twenty - two patients still survived [after] mean follow up of 28 months ( 4 - 83 months ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 - 3 two
3 two 4 patients
3 two 9 follow
3 two 11 of
4 patients 6 survived
4 patients 9 follow
5 still 6 survived
6 survived 8 mean
9 follow 10 up
11 of 13 months
12 28 13 months
13 months 16 -
14 ( 16 -
15 4 16 -
16 - 18 months
16 - 19 )
17 83 18 months

the survival rate for this group of patients was 83.5 % in the first year , 72.6 % in the second year and [54.4] [%] in the fifth year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 the 3 rate
2 survival 3 rate
3 rate 4 for
3 rate 9 was
4 for 8 patients
5 this 6 group
6 group 7 of
6 group 8 patients
7 of 8 patients
9 was 11 %
10 83.5 11 %
11 % 12 in
12 in 15 year
13 the 15 year
14 first 15 year
15 year 18 %
16 , 18 %
17 72.6 18 %
18 % 23 and
18 % 30 .
19 in 22 year
19 in 23 and
20 the 21 second
20 the 22 year
23 and 26 in
26 in 29 year
27 the 28 fifth
27 the 29 year

conclusions : malignant pnets is the proper indication for surgical treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 pnets
2 : 5 is
2 : 12 .
3 malignant 4 pnets
4 pnets 5 is
5 is 8 indication
6 the 8 indication
7 proper 8 indication
8 indication 9 for
9 for 11 treatments
10 surgical 11 treatments

more accumulation of clinical data is needed to evaluate the significance of local resection of malignant pnets in pancreatic [head] and cytoreductive surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 more 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 6 is
3 of 5 data
4 clinical 5 data
6 is 7 needed
7 needed 8 to
7 needed 18 in
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 significance
10 the 11 significance
11 significance 12 of
12 of 14 resection
13 local 14 resection
14 resection 15 of
15 of 17 pnets
16 malignant 17 pnets
18 in 23 surgery
19 pancreatic 21 and
21 and 22 cytoreductive
21 and 23 surgery

acute kidney injury ( aki ) is a major health care condition with limited current treatment options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 injury
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 acute 3 injury
2 kidney 3 injury
3 injury 5 aki
3 injury 7 is
4 ( 5 aki
5 aki 6 )
7 is 12 condition
8 a 9 major
8 a 12 condition
9 major 10 health
10 health 11 care
11 care 12 condition
12 condition 13 with
13 with 17 options
14 limited 16 treatment
15 current 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 options

within this context , stem cells may provide a clinical approach for aki . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 within 3 context
1 within 4 ,
1 within 6 cells
2 this 3 context
5 stem 6 cells
6 cells 7 may
7 may 8 provide
8 provide 11 approach
9 a 10 clinical
9 a 11 approach
10 clinical 11 approach
11 approach 12 for
12 for 13 aki

moreover , a synthetic compound previously developed , hyaluronan monoesters with butyric acid ( hb ) , able to induce metanephric differentiation , formation [of] [capillary] - like structures , and secretion of angiogenic cytokines , was tested in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 compound
3 a 4 synthetic
3 a 5 compound
4 synthetic 5 compound
5 compound 7 developed
5 compound 10 monoesters
5 compound 18 able
5 compound 37 was
6 previously 7 developed
8 , 10 monoesters
9 hyaluronan 10 monoesters
10 monoesters 11 with
10 monoesters 15 hb
10 monoesters 16 )
11 with 13 acid
12 butyric 13 acid
14 ( 15 hb
15 hb 16 )
17 , 18 able
18 able 19 to
18 able 20 induce
18 able 36 ,
19 to 20 induce
20 induce 22 differentiation
20 induce 28 like
21 metanephric 22 differentiation
22 differentiation 24 formation
23 , 24 formation
24 formation 27 -
27 - 28 like
28 like 31 and
28 like 36 ,
29 structures 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 secretion
31 and 33 of
33 of 35 cytokines
34 angiogenic 35 cytokines
37 was 38 tested
38 tested 40 vitro
39 in 40 vitro

thereafter , we investigated the effects of human mesenchymal stem cells from fetal membranes ( fmhmscs ) , both treated and untreated with hb , after induction of ischemic aki in a rat model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 thereafter 2 ,
1 thereafter 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effects
4 investigated 26 after
4 investigated 31 in
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
6 effects 12 from
7 of 11 cells
8 human 11 cells
9 mesenchymal 10 stem
10 stem 11 cells
12 from 14 membranes
13 fetal 14 membranes
14 membranes 16 fmhmscs
14 membranes 21 and
15 ( 16 fmhmscs
16 fmhmscs 17 )
18 , 21 and
19 both 20 treated
19 both 21 and
21 and 22 untreated
21 and 23 with
21 and 25 ,
23 with 24 hb
26 after 27 induction
27 induction 28 of
28 of 30 aki
29 ischemic 30 aki
31 in 34 model
32 a 34 model
33 rat 34 model

at reperfusion following 45 - min clamping of renal pedicles [,] each rat was randomly assigned to one of four groups : ctr , pbs , msc , and msc - hb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 clamping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 at 3 following
1 at 5 -
1 at 7 clamping
2 reperfusion 3 following
3 following 4 45
6 min 7 clamping
7 clamping 8 of
7 clamping 22 :
8 of 10 pedicles
9 renal 10 pedicles
10 pedicles 13 rat
10 pedicles 16 assigned
12 each 13 rat
13 rat 14 was
14 was 15 randomly
14 was 16 assigned
16 assigned 17 to
17 to 18 one
18 one 19 of
19 of 21 groups
20 four 21 groups
22 : 23 ctr
24 , 29 and
25 pbs 27 msc
26 , 27 msc
27 msc 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 hb
30 msc 32 hb
31 - 32 hb

renal [function] at 1 , 3 , 5 , and 7 days [was] assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 renal 3 at
1 renal 10 and
3 at 4 1
4 1 6 3
4 1 8 5
5 , 6 3
6 3 7 ,
7 , 8 5
8 5 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 days
10 and 14 assessed
11 7 12 days

histological samples were analyzed by light and electron microscopy and renal injury was graded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 histological 2 samples
2 samples 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 by
5 by 7 and
6 light 7 and
7 and 9 microscopy
8 electron 9 microscopy
10 and 12 injury
10 and 14 graded
11 renal 12 injury
12 injury 13 was
13 was 14 graded

cytokine analysis on serum samples was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 cytokine 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 on
2 analysis 6 was
3 on 5 samples
4 serum 5 samples
6 was 7 performed

fmhmscs induced an accelerated renal functional recovery [,] demonstrated by biochemical parameters and confirmed by histology showing that histopathological alterations associated with ischemic injury were less severe in cell [-] treated kidneys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fmhmscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 fmhmscs 13 and
2 induced 7 recovery
2 induced 13 and
3 an 7 recovery
4 accelerated 7 recovery
5 renal 7 recovery
6 functional 7 recovery
7 recovery 9 demonstrated
7 recovery 10 by
10 by 12 parameters
11 biochemical 12 parameters
13 and 14 confirmed
13 and 28 in
14 confirmed 15 by
14 confirmed 20 alterations
14 confirmed 25 were
15 by 16 histology
16 histology 17 showing
17 showing 18 that
19 histopathological 20 alterations
20 alterations 21 associated
20 alterations 25 were
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 injury
23 ischemic 24 injury
25 were 27 severe
26 less 27 severe
28 in 32 kidneys
29 cell 31 treated
31 treated 32 kidneys

hb - treated rats showed a minor degree of inflammation , both at cytokine [and] tem analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rats
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 hb 2 -
1 hb 4 rats
3 treated 4 rats
4 rats 5 showed
5 showed 10 inflammation
6 a 7 minor
6 a 8 degree
7 minor 8 degree
8 degree 9 of
8 degree 10 inflammation
9 of 10 inflammation
11 , 12 both
12 both 13 at
13 at 17 analyses
14 cytokine 17 analyses
16 tem 17 analyses

better functional and morphological recovery were not associated to stem cells ' regenerative processes , but possibly suggest paracrine effects on microenvironment that induce retrieval of renal damaged tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 better 5 recovery
2 functional 3 and
3 and 4 morphological
3 and 5 recovery
5 recovery 6 were
6 were 7 not
6 were 9 to
7 not 8 associated
9 to 14 processes
10 stem 11 cells
11 cells 12 '
12 ' 14 processes
13 regenerative 14 processes
15 , 18 suggest
16 but 17 possibly
16 but 18 suggest
18 suggest 20 effects
19 paracrine 20 effects
20 effects 21 on
20 effects 23 that
20 effects 24 induce
21 on 22 microenvironment
23 that 24 induce
24 induce 25 retrieval
25 retrieval 26 of
26 of 29 tissues
27 renal 29 tissues
28 damaged 29 tissues

these results suggest that fmhmscs could be useful in the treatment of aki and the utilization of synthetic compounds could enhance the recovery induction ability of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 fmhmscs
4 that 14 and
5 fmhmscs 14 and
6 could 7 be
6 could 14 and
7 be 8 useful
8 useful 9 in
9 in 11 treatment
10 the 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 of
12 of 13 aki
14 and 21 enhance
15 the 16 utilization
16 utilization 17 of
16 utilization 20 could
17 of 19 compounds
18 synthetic 19 compounds
20 could 21 enhance
21 enhance 25 ability
22 the 25 ability
23 recovery 25 ability
24 induction 25 ability
25 ability 26 of
26 of 27 cells

measures of brain and hippocampal volume in 40 healthy young ( aged 18 - 30 years ) and 36 healthy elderly ( aged 60 - 83 years ) subjects were compared with composite cognitive function scores in three conceptual domains : memory ability , processing speed , and general fluid intelligence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 measures 2 of
1 measures 4 and
2 of 3 brain
4 and 6 volume
4 and 17 )
4 and 18 and
5 hippocampal 6 volume
6 volume 7 in
7 in 16 years
8 40 16 years
9 healthy 16 years
10 young 12 aged
10 young 14 -
10 young 16 years
11 ( 12 aged
12 aged 13 18
12 aged 14 -
15 30 16 years
18 and 27 years
18 and 28 )
18 and 29 subjects
18 and 30 were
18 and 31 compared
19 36 27 years
20 healthy 27 years
21 elderly 23 aged
21 elderly 25 -
21 elderly 27 years
22 ( 23 aged
23 aged 24 60
23 aged 25 -
26 83 27 years
29 subjects 30 were
31 compared 32 with
32 with 36 scores
32 with 37 in
33 composite 36 scores
34 cognitive 36 scores
35 function 36 scores
37 in 40 domains
38 three 40 domains
39 conceptual 40 domains
41 : 43 ability
41 : 44 ,
42 memory 43 ability
44 , 48 and
45 processing 46 speed
46 speed 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 51 intelligence
49 general 51 intelligence
50 fluid 51 intelligence

through a series of general linear models testing the relationship between these brain measures and cognitive performance scores , a significant positive relationship between hippocampal volume and fluid intelligence ability was found in elderly subjects but not in young . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 through 3 series
1 through 7 models
2 a 3 series
3 series 4 of
4 of 5 general
6 linear 7 models
7 models 8 testing
7 models 13 brain
8 testing 10 relationship
9 the 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 between
11 between 12 these
13 brain 27 and
13 brain 39 young
14 measures 15 and
15 and 18 scores
15 and 19 ,
16 cognitive 17 performance
17 performance 18 scores
19 , 23 relationship
19 , 27 and
20 a 21 significant
20 a 23 relationship
21 significant 23 relationship
22 positive 23 relationship
23 relationship 24 between
24 between 26 volume
25 hippocampal 26 volume
27 and 29 intelligence
27 and 30 ability
27 and 38 in
28 fluid 29 intelligence
30 ability 31 was
31 was 32 found
32 found 33 in
32 found 36 but
32 found 38 in
33 in 35 subjects
34 elderly 35 subjects
36 but 37 not

no relationship between the other cognitive domains and brain or hippocampal volume was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 no 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 8 and
3 between 7 domains
4 the 5 other
5 other 7 domains
6 cognitive 7 domains
8 and 9 brain
8 and 10 or
10 or 12 volume
10 or 13 was
11 hippocampal 12 volume
13 was 14 found

the findings suggest a role of hippocampal atrophy in the decline in fluid intelligence in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 role
3 suggest 9 in
3 suggest 12 in
3 suggest 15 in
4 a 5 role
5 role 6 of
6 of 8 atrophy
7 hippocampal 8 atrophy
9 in 11 decline
10 the 11 decline
12 in 14 intelligence
13 fluid 14 intelligence
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly

this study examined domain - specific effects of common neuropathologies on cognition using data ( n = 652 ) from two large cohort studies of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 domain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 4 domain
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 4 domain
5 - 7 effects
6 specific 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 10 neuropathologies
9 common 10 neuropathologies
10 neuropathologies 11 on
11 on 12 cognition
12 cognition 13 using
12 cognition 20 from
13 using 14 data
14 data 17 =
15 ( 17 =
16 n 17 =
17 = 18 652
17 = 19 )
20 from 24 studies
21 two 24 studies
22 large 23 cohort
23 cohort 24 studies
24 studies 25 of
25 of 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

we first identified dimensions of a battery of 17 neuropsychological tests , and regional measures of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) neuropathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 3 identified
2 first 3 identified
3 identified 4 dimensions
4 dimensions 5 of
5 of 7 battery
6 a 7 battery
7 battery 8 of
8 of 11 tests
9 17 11 tests
10 neuropsychological 11 tests
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 measures
13 and 23 neuropathology
14 regional 15 measures
15 measures 16 of
15 measures 23 neuropathology
16 of 19 disease
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
19 disease 21 ad
20 ( 21 ad
21 ad 22 )

we then evaluated how cognitive factors were related to dimensions of ad and additional measures of cerebrovascular and lewy body disease , and also examined independent effects of brain weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 3 evaluated
2 then 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 4 how
4 how 6 factors
4 how 23 and
5 cognitive 6 factors
6 factors 23 and
7 were 8 related
7 were 23 and
8 related 9 to
9 to 13 and
10 dimensions 11 of
10 dimensions 13 and
11 of 12 ad
13 and 15 measures
14 additional 15 measures
15 measures 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 cerebrovascular 18 and
18 and 21 disease
19 lewy 20 body
20 body 21 disease
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 examined
23 and 27 effects
24 also 25 examined
26 independent 27 effects
27 effects 28 of
28 of 30 weight
29 brain 30 weight

all cognitive domains had multiple neuropathology determinants that differed by [domain] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 domains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 all 3 domains
2 cognitive 3 domains
3 domains 4 had
4 had 7 determinants
5 multiple 7 determinants
6 neuropathology 7 determinants
7 determinants 8 that
7 determinants 10 by
8 that 9 differed
9 differed 10 by

neocortical neurofibrillary tangles were the strongest predictors of most domains , while medial temporal tangles showed a weaker relationship with episodic memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tangles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 neocortical 3 tangles
2 neurofibrillary 3 tangles
3 tangles 4 were
4 were 7 predictors
5 the 6 strongest
5 the 7 predictors
7 predictors 8 of
8 of 10 domains
9 most 10 domains
11 , 15 tangles
11 , 16 showed
12 while 13 medial
12 while 15 tangles
14 temporal 15 tangles
15 tangles 16 showed
16 showed 19 relationship
16 showed 20 with
17 a 19 relationship
18 weaker 19 relationship
20 with 22 memory
21 episodic 22 memory

neuritic plaques had relatively strong effects on multiple domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plaques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 neuritic 2 plaques
2 plaques 3 had
3 had 6 effects
3 had 7 on
4 relatively 5 strong
5 strong 6 effects
7 on 9 domains
8 multiple 9 domains

lewy bodies and macroscopic [infarcts] were associated with all domains , while microscopic [infarcts] [had] more limited associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 lewy 2 bodies
2 bodies 3 and
3 and 4 macroscopic
3 and 6 were
6 were 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 domains
9 all 10 domains
11 , 16 more
11 , 17 limited
12 while 13 microscopic
12 while 16 more
16 more 17 limited
17 limited 18 associations

brain weight [was] related to all domains independent of specific neuropathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 brain 2 weight
2 weight 4 related
2 weight 9 of
4 related 5 to
4 related 8 independent
5 to 7 domains
6 all 7 domains
9 of 11 neuropathologies
10 specific 11 neuropathologies

results show that cognition is complexly determined by multiple disease substrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 4 cognition
3 that 5 is
4 cognition 5 is
5 is 6 complexly
5 is 7 determined
7 determined 8 by
8 by 11 substrates
9 multiple 10 disease
10 disease 11 substrates

neuropathological variables and brain weight contributed approximately a third to half of the explained variance in different cognitive domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 contributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neuropathological 2 variables
2 variables 3 and
3 and 5 weight
3 and 6 contributed
4 brain 5 weight
6 contributed 9 third
6 contributed 10 to
6 contributed 16 in
7 approximately 9 third
8 a 9 third
10 to 11 half
11 half 12 of
12 of 15 variance
13 the 15 variance
14 explained 15 variance
16 in 19 domains
17 different 19 domains
18 cognitive 19 domains

ageing is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle [mass] and strength , leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 3 accompanied
3 accompanied 4 by
3 accompanied 26 for
3 accompanied 32 as
4 by 7 loss
5 a 6 progressive
5 a 7 loss
6 progressive 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
7 loss 15 leading
7 loss 19 of
8 of 12 and
9 skeletal 10 muscle
10 muscle 12 and
12 and 13 strength
12 and 14 ,
15 leading 16 to
16 to 18 loss
17 the 18 loss
19 of 22 and
20 functional 21 capacity
21 capacity 22 and
22 and 25 risk
23 an 25 risk
24 increased 25 risk
26 for 27 developing
27 developing 30 diseases
28 chronic 30 diseases
29 metabolic 30 diseases
31 such 32 as
32 as 33 diabetes

the age - related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
1 the 2 age
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 loss
4 related 11 from
4 related 15 in
4 related 18 between
4 related 24 .
5 loss 6 of
6 of 10 results
7 skeletal 8 muscle
8 muscle 9 mass
9 mass 10 results
11 from 14 disruption
12 a 13 chronic
12 a 14 disruption
13 chronic 14 disruption
15 in 17 balance
16 the 17 balance
18 between 22 and
19 muscle 21 synthesis
20 protein 21 synthesis
21 synthesis 22 and
22 and 23 degradation

as basal muscle protein synthesis rates are likely not different between healthy young and elderly human subjects , it was proposed that muscles from older adults lack the ability to regulate the protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli , such as food intake and physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 not
1 as 3 muscle
1 as 6 rates
2 basal 3 muscle
4 protein 6 rates
5 synthesis 6 rates
6 rates 7 are
7 are 8 likely
9 not 19 it
9 not 21 proposed
10 different 11 between
10 different 18 ,
10 different 19 it
11 between 17 subjects
12 healthy 17 subjects
13 young 14 and
14 and 15 elderly
14 and 17 subjects
16 human 17 subjects
19 it 20 was
20 was 21 proposed
21 proposed 22 that
22 that 23 muscles
22 that 27 lack
23 muscles 24 from
24 from 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
27 lack 29 ability
27 lack 30 to
28 the 29 ability
30 to 31 regulate
31 regulate 35 response
31 regulate 41 as
32 the 35 response
33 protein 35 response
34 synthetic 35 response
35 response 36 to
36 to 38 stimuli
37 anabolic 38 stimuli
39 , 41 as
40 such 41 as
41 as 44 and
41 as 47 .
42 food 43 intake
43 intake 44 and
44 and 46 activity
45 physical 46 activity

indeed , the dose [-] response relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the availability of essential amino acids [and/or] resistance exercise [intensity] is shifted down [and] to the right in elderly human subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 shifted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 7 relationship
3 the 7 relationship
4 dose 7 relationship
6 response 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 between
7 relationship 24 shifted
8 between 12 and
9 myofibrillar 10 protein
10 protein 11 synthesis
11 synthesis 12 and
12 and 14 availability
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 availability
15 of 18 acids
16 essential 17 amino
17 amino 18 acids
18 acids 21 exercise
18 acids 23 is
20 resistance 21 exercise
21 exercise 23 is
24 shifted 25 down
24 shifted 27 to
27 to 29 right
28 the 29 right
29 right 30 in
30 in 33 subjects
31 elderly 32 human
32 human 33 subjects

this so [-] called ['] anabolic resistance ['] [represents] a key factor responsible for the age - related decline [in] skeletal muscle mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 called
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 this 4 called
2 so 4 called
4 called 7 resistance
4 called 12 factor
6 anabolic 7 resistance
10 a 12 factor
11 key 12 factor
12 factor 13 responsible
13 responsible 14 for
14 for 16 age
15 the 16 age
17 - 23 mass
17 - 24 .
18 related 23 mass
19 decline 23 mass
21 skeletal 22 muscle
22 muscle 23 mass

interestingly , long - term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle [mass] , and improves functional performance in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 8 training
3 long 4 -
3 long 8 training
5 term 8 training
6 resistance 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 training
8 training 21 and
9 is 10 effective
9 is 21 and
10 effective 11 as
10 effective 15 to
10 effective 16 augment
11 as 14 intervention
12 a 14 intervention
13 therapeutic 14 intervention
15 to 16 augment
16 augment 18 muscle
17 skeletal 18 muscle
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 improves
22 improves 24 performance
22 improves 25 in
23 functional 24 performance
25 in 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly

the consumption of different types of proteins , i.e [.] protein hydrolysates , can have different stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly , which may be due to their higher rate of digestion and absorption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 consumption
2 consumption 3 of
2 consumption 12 hydrolysates
2 consumption 14 can
3 of 6 of
4 different 6 of
5 types 6 of
6 of 7 proteins
8 , 12 hydrolysates
9 i.e 12 hydrolysates
11 protein 12 hydrolysates
12 hydrolysates 13 ,
14 can 15 have
15 have 18 effects
15 have 19 on
16 different 17 stimulatory
17 stimulatory 18 effects
19 on 22 synthesis
20 muscle 22 synthesis
21 protein 22 synthesis
22 synthesis 23 in
23 in 25 elderly
24 the 25 elderly
26 , 27 which
26 , 29 be
27 which 28 may
28 may 29 be
29 be 31 to
30 due 31 to
31 to 34 rate
32 their 34 rate
33 higher 34 rate
34 rate 35 of
35 of 37 and
36 digestion 37 and
37 and 38 absorption

current research aims to elucidate the interactions between nutrition , exercise and the skeletal muscle adaptive response that will define more effective strategies to maximise the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle interventions in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 current 2 research
2 research 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 elucidate
4 to 5 elucidate
5 elucidate 7 interactions
6 the 7 interactions
7 interactions 8 between
8 between 9 nutrition
10 , 12 and
11 exercise 12 and
12 and 17 response
12 and 18 that
12 and 19 will
13 the 17 response
14 skeletal 15 muscle
15 muscle 17 response
16 adaptive 17 response
18 that 19 will
19 will 20 define
20 define 23 strategies
20 define 24 to
21 more 22 effective
22 effective 23 strategies
24 to 25 maximise
25 maximise 28 benefits
26 the 28 benefits
27 therapeutic 28 benefits
28 benefits 29 of
28 benefits 32 in
29 of 31 interventions
30 lifestyle 31 interventions
32 in 34 elderly
33 the 34 elderly

background : in many parts of the world the provision of psychogeriatric inpatient units ( pgus ) remains limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 10 provision
2 : 18 remains
3 in 5 parts
3 in 10 provision
4 many 5 parts
5 parts 6 of
6 of 8 world
7 the 8 world
9 the 10 provision
10 provision 11 of
10 provision 18 remains
11 of 14 units
12 psychogeriatric 14 units
13 inpatient 14 units
14 units 16 pgus
15 ( 16 pgus
16 pgus 17 )
18 remains 19 limited

more units will be required over coming decades given rapid population aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 units
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 more 2 units
2 units 3 will
3 will 4 be
4 be 5 required
5 required 6 over
6 over 8 decades
7 coming 8 decades
8 decades 9 given
9 given 11 population
10 rapid 11 population
11 population 12 aging

methods : medline ( 1950 - 2010 ) , psycinfo ( 1806 - 2009 ) , embase ( 1980 - 2009 ) and cinahl ( 1982 - 2009 ) were searched for papers about pgu design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 23 and
2 : 31 searched
3 medline 5 1950
3 medline 16 ,
4 ( 5 1950
5 1950 7 2010
5 1950 10 psycinfo
5 1950 15 )
6 - 7 2010
7 2010 8 )
9 , 10 psycinfo
10 psycinfo 13 -
10 psycinfo 15 )
11 ( 13 -
12 1806 13 -
13 - 14 2009
13 - 15 )
16 , 17 embase
16 , 23 and
17 embase 20 -
18 ( 20 -
19 1980 20 -
20 - 21 2009
20 - 22 )
23 and 24 cinahl
23 and 29 )
23 and 30 were
24 cinahl 27 -
25 ( 27 -
26 1982 27 -
27 - 28 2009
27 - 29 )
30 were 31 searched
31 searched 32 for
31 searched 34 about
32 for 33 papers
34 about 36 design
35 pgu 36 design

selected [non] - peer reviewed literature such as government reports and unpublished academic dissertations were also reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 selected 3 -
1 selected 11 and
4 peer 5 reviewed
5 reviewed 6 literature
6 literature 8 as
6 literature 11 and
7 such 8 as
8 as 10 reports
9 government 10 reports
11 and 14 dissertations
11 and 15 were
12 unpublished 14 dissertations
13 academic 14 dissertations
15 were 17 reviewed
16 also 17 reviewed

data were also obtained from the literature related to general adult psychiatry inpatient units where there was limited information from studies of units designed for older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 also
2 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 from
4 obtained 9 to
4 obtained 15 where
5 from 7 literature
6 the 7 literature
7 literature 8 related
9 to 14 units
10 general 11 adult
11 adult 14 units
12 psychiatry 13 inpatient
13 inpatient 14 units
15 where 16 there
15 where 17 was
16 there 17 was
17 was 19 information
18 limited 19 information
19 information 20 from
19 information 22 of
19 information 25 for
20 from 21 studies
22 of 23 units
23 units 24 designed
25 for 27 people
26 older 27 people

over 200 papers were reviewed and 130 were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 papers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 over 2 200
2 200 3 papers
3 papers 4 were
4 were 5 reviewed
6 and 7 130
6 and 9 included
7 130 8 were
8 were 9 included

results : there are few good quality studies to guide the design of acute pgus and much of the existing literature is based on opinion and anecdote [or] , at best , based on observational studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 are
2 : 16 and
3 there 4 are
4 are 8 studies
4 are 9 to
5 few 8 studies
6 good 7 quality
7 quality 8 studies
9 to 10 guide
10 guide 12 design
11 the 12 design
12 design 13 of
13 of 15 pgus
14 acute 15 pgus
16 and 21 literature
16 and 23 based
17 much 18 of
17 much 21 literature
18 of 21 literature
19 the 21 literature
20 existing 21 literature
21 literature 22 is
22 is 23 based
23 based 24 on
23 based 31 best
23 based 33 based
24 on 26 and
25 opinion 26 and
26 and 27 anecdote
26 and 29 ,
30 at 31 best
32 , 33 based
33 based 34 on
33 based 37 .
34 on 36 studies
35 observational 36 studies

randomized controlled studies comparing different designs and assessing outcomes are virtually [non] [-] existent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 randomized 3 studies
2 controlled 3 studies
3 studies 4 comparing
3 studies 7 and
4 comparing 6 designs
5 different 6 designs
7 and 9 outcomes
7 and 10 are
8 assessing 9 outcomes
10 are 14 existent
11 virtually 14 existent

several studies have identified violence and trauma resulting from hospitalization as significant problems with current acute pgu care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 identified
4 identified 6 and
5 violence 6 and
6 and 7 trauma
6 and 8 resulting
6 and 9 from
6 and 11 as
6 and 14 with
9 from 10 hospitalization
11 as 13 problems
12 significant 13 problems
14 with 18 care
15 current 18 care
16 acute 18 care
17 pgu 18 care

despite its limitations the available literature provides useful guidance on how pgu design can optimize patient and staff safety and improve clinical outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 despite 3 limitations
1 despite 6 literature
2 its 3 limitations
4 the 6 literature
5 available 6 literature
6 literature 7 provides
7 provides 9 guidance
7 provides 10 on
8 useful 9 guidance
10 on 11 how
11 how 13 design
11 how 20 and
12 pgu 13 design
13 design 14 can
14 can 20 and
15 optimize 17 and
15 optimize 20 and
16 patient 17 and
17 and 19 safety
18 staff 19 safety
20 and 21 improve
21 improve 23 outcomes
22 clinical 23 outcomes

conclusions : there are significant problems with current acute pgus , and patient mix on existing units [is] an important issue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 are
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 problems
4 are 7 with
5 significant 6 problems
7 with 12 and
7 with 21 issue
8 current 10 pgus
9 acute 10 pgus
10 pgus 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 mix
12 and 15 on
13 patient 14 mix
15 on 17 units
16 existing 17 units
19 an 21 issue
20 important 21 issue

future research should examine patient and staff perceptions of different pgu ward environments , the relationship between ward design and clinical outcomes , the effects of segregating patients with challenging behaviors in dementia and the benefits or otherwise [of] gender segregation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examine
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 examine
4 examine 6 and
4 examine 12 ward
5 patient 6 and
6 and 8 perceptions
6 and 9 of
6 and 12 ward
7 staff 8 perceptions
9 of 11 pgu
10 different 11 pgu
12 ward 13 environments
13 environments 16 relationship
14 , 16 relationship
15 the 16 relationship
16 relationship 17 between
16 relationship 25 effects
16 relationship 42 .
17 between 20 and
18 ward 19 design
19 design 20 and
20 and 22 outcomes
21 clinical 22 outcomes
23 , 25 effects
24 the 25 effects
25 effects 26 of
25 effects 42 .
26 of 27 segregating
27 segregating 37 or
28 patients 29 with
28 patients 34 and
29 with 30 challenging
30 challenging 31 behaviors
30 challenging 32 in
32 in 33 dementia
34 and 36 benefits
34 and 37 or
35 the 36 benefits
37 or 38 otherwise
37 or 41 segregation
37 or 42 .
40 gender 41 segregation

background : current evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and in the 1 - methyl - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,3,6 - tetrahydropyridine ( mptp ) model of basal ganglia injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 4 evidence
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 24 -
2 : 28 -
3 current 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 7 role
5 suggests 20 and
6 a 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 neuroinflammation
10 in 12 pathogenesis
10 in 20 and
11 the 12 pathogenesis
12 pathogenesis 13 of
12 pathogenesis 18 pd
13 of 16 disease
14 parkinson 15 's
15 's 16 disease
17 ( 18 pd
18 pd 19 )
20 and 21 in
21 in 23 1
22 the 23 1
24 - 25 methyl
25 methyl 27 4
26 - 27 4
27 4 28 -
28 - 29 phenyl
29 phenyl 31 1,2,3,6
29 phenyl 37 model
29 phenyl 38 of
30 - 31 1,2,3,6
31 1,2,3,6 33 tetrahydropyridine
31 1,2,3,6 37 model
32 - 33 tetrahydropyridine
33 tetrahydropyridine 35 mptp
33 tetrahydropyridine 36 )
34 ( 35 mptp
35 mptp 36 )
38 of 41 injury
39 basal 40 ganglia
40 ganglia 41 injury

reportedly , nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) mitigate daergic neurotoxicity in rodent models of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 mitigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 reportedly 2 ,
1 reportedly 7 drugs
3 nonsteroidal 7 drugs
4 anti 5 -
4 anti 7 drugs
6 inflammatory 7 drugs
7 drugs 9 nsaids
7 drugs 11 mitigate
8 ( 9 nsaids
9 nsaids 10 )
11 mitigate 13 neurotoxicity
11 mitigate 14 in
12 daergic 13 neurotoxicity
14 in 16 models
15 rodent 16 models
16 models 17 of
17 of 18 pd

consistent with these findings , epidemiological analysis indicated that certain nsaids may [prevent] [or] delay the progression of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 5 ,
1 consistent 7 analysis
2 with 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
6 epidemiological 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 indicated
8 indicated 9 that
9 that 11 nsaids
9 that 15 delay
10 certain 11 nsaids
11 nsaids 12 may
12 may 15 delay
15 delay 17 progression
16 the 17 progression
17 progression 18 of
18 of 19 pd

however , a serious impediment of chronic nsaid therapy , particularly in the elderly , is gastric , renal and cardiac toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impediment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 impediment
3 a 4 serious
3 a 5 impediment
4 serious 5 impediment
5 impediment 6 of
5 impediment 16 is
6 of 9 therapy
7 chronic 9 therapy
8 nsaid 9 therapy
9 therapy 12 in
10 , 11 particularly
10 , 12 in
12 in 14 elderly
12 in 15 ,
13 the 14 elderly
16 is 22 toxicity
17 gastric 18 ,
18 , 19 renal
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 cardiac
20 and 22 toxicity

nitric [oxide] ( no ) - [donating] nsaids , have a safer profile while maintaining anti - inflammatory activity of parent compounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 nsaids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 nitric 4 no
1 nitric 6 -
1 nitric 8 nsaids
3 ( 4 no
4 no 5 )
9 , 10 have
10 have 13 profile
10 have 14 while
11 a 13 profile
12 safer 13 profile
14 while 15 maintaining
15 maintaining 19 activity
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 19 activity
18 inflammatory 19 activity
19 activity 20 of
20 of 22 compounds
21 parent 22 compounds

we have investigated the oral activity of the no - donating derivative of flurbiprofen , [ 2 - fluoro - α - methyl ( 1,1 ['] - biphenyl ) - 4 - acetic - 4 [-] ( nitrooxy )butyl ester ] , hct1026 ( 30 mg [kg] [(] - 1 [ )(daily in rodent chow [ )(in mice exposed to the parkinsonian neurotoxin mptp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 investigated
3 investigated 6 activity
4 the 6 activity
5 oral 6 activity
6 activity 7 of
6 activity 18 -
7 of 9 no
8 the 9 no
9 no 11 donating
10 - 11 donating
11 donating 12 derivative
11 donating 15 ,
12 derivative 13 of
13 of 14 flurbiprofen
16 [ 18 -
17 2 18 -
18 - 23 methyl
19 fluoro 21 α
19 fluoro 23 methyl
20 - 21 α
21 α 22 -
23 methyl 27 -
23 methyl 32 -
24 ( 27 -
25 1,1 27 -
27 - 28 biphenyl
27 - 29 )
30 - 32 -
31 4 32 -
32 - 43 hct1026
33 acetic 35 4
33 acetic 43 hct1026
34 - 35 4
35 4 40 ester
35 4 42 ,
37 ( 40 ester
38 nitrooxy 40 ester
39 )butyl 40 ester
40 ester 41 ]
43 hct1026 55 chow
44 ( 55 chow
45 30 46 mg
46 mg 55 chow
49 - 50 1
50 1 53 in
52 )(daily 53 in
53 in 54 rodent
54 rodent 55 chow
55 chow 57 )(in
55 chow 65 .
57 )(in 58 mice
58 mice 59 exposed
59 exposed 60 to
60 to 64 mptp
61 the 64 mptp
62 parkinsonian 64 mptp
63 neurotoxin 64 mptp

methods : ageing mice were fed with a control , flurbiprofen , or hct1026 diet starting ten days before mptp administration and continuing for all the experimental period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 ageing
2 : 19 before
3 ageing 4 mice
3 ageing 16 starting
4 mice 5 were
5 were 6 fed
6 fed 7 with
7 with 13 or
8 a 9 control
9 control 10 ,
10 , 11 flurbiprofen
10 , 13 or
12 , 13 or
13 or 15 diet
13 or 16 starting
14 hct1026 15 diet
17 ten 18 days
18 days 19 before
19 before 22 and
20 mptp 21 administration
21 administration 22 and
22 and 23 continuing
22 and 24 for
24 for 25 all
25 all 26 the
25 all 28 period
26 the 28 period
27 experimental 28 period

results : hct1026 was well tolerated and did not cause any measurable toxic effect , whereas flurbiprofen fed mice showed severe gastrointestinal side [-] effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 hct1026
2 : 20 showed
3 hct1026 4 was
4 was 5 well
4 was 7 and
6 tolerated 7 and
7 and 8 did
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 cause
10 cause 14 effect
10 cause 16 whereas
11 any 14 effect
12 measurable 14 effect
13 toxic 14 effect
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 19 mice
17 flurbiprofen 19 mice
18 fed 19 mice
19 mice 20 showed
20 showed 25 effects
21 severe 23 side
22 gastrointestinal 23 side
23 side 25 effects

hct1026 efficiently counteracted motor impairment and reversed mptp - induced decreased synaptosomal [ 3h ]dopamine uptake , th - and dat - stained fibers in striatum and th+ neuron loss in substantia nigra pars compacta ( snpc ) , as opposed to age - matched mice fed with a control diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hct1026
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 hct1026 6 and
2 efficiently 3 counteracted
3 counteracted 5 impairment
3 counteracted 6 and
4 motor 5 impairment
6 and 7 reversed
7 reversed 8 mptp
9 - 27 and
9 - 44 -
9 - 52 .
10 induced 24 fibers
10 induced 25 in
10 induced 27 and
11 decreased 24 fibers
12 synaptosomal 20 and
12 synaptosomal 22 -
12 synaptosomal 24 fibers
13 [ 20 and
14 3h 16 uptake
15 ]dopamine 16 uptake
16 uptake 17 ,
17 , 18 th
17 , 20 and
19 - 20 and
20 and 21 dat
20 and 22 -
23 stained 24 fibers
25 in 26 striatum
27 and 43 age
28 th+ 30 loss
29 neuron 30 loss
30 loss 31 in
30 loss 34 pars
31 in 33 nigra
32 substantia 33 nigra
34 pars 35 compacta
34 pars 42 to
35 compacta 37 snpc
35 compacta 41 opposed
36 ( 37 snpc
37 snpc 38 )
39 , 41 opposed
40 as 41 opposed
42 to 43 age
44 - 46 mice
45 matched 46 mice
46 mice 47 fed
46 mice 48 with
48 with 51 diet
49 a 50 control
49 a 51 diet
50 control 51 diet

these effects were associated to a significant decrease in reactive macrophage antigen - 1 ( mac - 1 ) - positive microglial cells within the striatum and ventral midbrain , decreased expression of inos , mac - 1 [and] nadph [oxidase] ( phox ) , and downregulation of 3 - nitrotyrosine , a peroxynitrite finger print , in snpc daergic neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 4 associated
4 associated 5 to
4 associated 9 in
4 associated 12 antigen
5 to 8 decrease
6 a 8 decrease
7 significant 8 decrease
9 in 11 macrophage
10 reactive 11 macrophage
12 antigen 20 -
13 - 20 -
14 1 16 mac
14 1 20 -
15 ( 16 mac
16 mac 18 1
16 mac 19 )
17 - 18 1
18 1 19 )
20 - 27 and
21 positive 23 cells
22 microglial 23 cells
23 cells 24 within
23 cells 27 and
24 within 26 striatum
25 the 26 striatum
27 and 29 midbrain
27 and 32 expression
27 and 37 -
28 ventral 29 midbrain
30 , 32 expression
31 decreased 32 expression
32 expression 33 of
32 expression 35 ,
33 of 34 inos
35 , 37 -
36 mac 37 -
37 - 46 and
38 1 46 and
40 nadph 43 phox
42 ( 43 phox
43 phox 44 )
43 phox 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 downregulation
46 and 51 nitrotyrosine
46 and 56 print
47 downregulation 48 of
48 of 49 3
50 - 51 nitrotyrosine
51 nitrotyrosine 52 ,
52 , 56 print
53 a 56 print
54 peroxynitrite 56 print
55 finger 56 print
56 print 58 in
56 print 62 .
57 , 58 in
58 in 61 neurons
58 in 62 .
59 snpc 60 daergic
60 daergic 61 neurons

conclusions : oral treatment with hct1026 has a safe profile and a significant efficacy in counteracting mptp - induced dopaminergic ( daergic ) neurotoxicity , motor impairment and microglia activation in ageing mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 treatment
2 : 7 has
2 : 34 .
3 oral 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 with
4 treatment 7 has
5 with 6 hct1026
7 has 28 and
8 a 10 profile
9 safe 10 profile
10 profile 11 and
11 and 14 efficacy
11 and 15 in
11 and 28 and
12 a 14 efficacy
13 significant 14 efficacy
15 in 16 counteracting
16 counteracting 27 impairment
17 mptp 24 neurotoxicity
17 mptp 26 motor
18 - 24 neurotoxicity
19 induced 24 neurotoxicity
20 dopaminergic 22 daergic
20 dopaminergic 23 )
20 dopaminergic 24 neurotoxicity
21 ( 22 daergic
22 daergic 23 )
24 neurotoxicity 25 ,
26 motor 27 impairment
28 and 30 activation
29 microglia 30 activation
30 activation 31 in
31 in 33 mice
32 ageing 33 mice

hct1026 provides a novel promising approach towards the development of effective pharmacological neuroprotective strategies against pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hct1026
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 hct1026 2 provides
2 provides 6 approach
2 provides 7 towards
2 provides 15 against
3 a 4 novel
3 a 6 approach
4 novel 6 approach
5 promising 6 approach
7 towards 9 development
8 the 9 development
9 development 10 of
10 of 14 strategies
11 effective 14 strategies
12 pharmacological 14 strategies
13 neuroprotective 14 strategies
15 against 16 pd

background : the potential contribution of allotment gardens to a healthy and active life - style is increasingly recognized , especially for elderly populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 5 contribution
3 the 5 contribution
4 potential 5 contribution
5 contribution 6 of
6 of 8 gardens
7 allotment 8 gardens
8 gardens 9 to
9 to 14 life
10 a 14 life
11 healthy 12 and
12 and 13 active
12 and 14 life
15 - 16 style
15 - 19 recognized
16 style 17 is
17 is 19 recognized
18 increasingly 19 recognized
19 recognized 22 for
20 , 21 especially
20 , 22 for
22 for 24 populations
22 for 25 .
23 elderly 24 populations

however , few studies have empirically examined beneficial effects of allotment gardening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 7 examined
6 empirically 7 examined
7 examined 9 effects
8 beneficial 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 11 allotment
11 allotment 12 gardening

in the present study the health , well - being and physical activity of older and younger allotment gardeners was compared to that of controls without an allotment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 present
1 in 4 study
2 the 3 present
4 study 6 health
4 study 8 well
5 the 6 health
7 , 8 well
8 well 9 -
9 - 10 being
9 - 11 and
11 and 13 activity
11 and 21 compared
12 physical 13 activity
13 activity 14 of
13 activity 20 was
14 of 19 gardeners
15 older 16 and
16 and 17 younger
16 and 18 allotment
18 allotment 19 gardeners
20 was 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
21 compared 26 without
22 to 23 that
23 that 24 of
24 of 25 controls
26 without 28 allotment
27 an 28 allotment

methods : a survey was conducted among 121 members of 12 allotment sites in the netherlands and a control group of 63 respondents without an allotment garden living next to the home addresses of allotment gardeners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 survey
2 : 13 sites
3 a 4 survey
4 survey 5 was
5 was 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 among
7 among 9 members
8 121 9 members
9 members 10 of
9 members 12 allotment
9 members 13 sites
10 of 11 12
12 allotment 13 sites
13 sites 14 in
13 sites 24 without
13 sites 30 to
14 in 17 and
15 the 16 netherlands
16 netherlands 17 and
17 and 20 group
17 and 21 of
18 a 19 control
18 a 20 group
19 control 20 group
21 of 23 respondents
22 63 23 respondents
24 without 27 garden
25 an 27 garden
26 allotment 27 garden
27 garden 28 living
28 living 29 next
30 to 33 addresses
31 the 33 addresses
32 home 33 addresses
33 addresses 34 of
34 of 36 gardeners
35 allotment 36 gardeners

the survey included five self - reported health measures ( perceived general health , acute health complaints , physical constraints , chronic illnesses , and consultations with gp ) , four self - reported well - being measures ( stress , life satisfaction , loneliness , and social contacts with friends ) and one measure assessing self - reported levels of physical activity in summer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 5 self
2 survey 3 included
3 included 5 self
4 five 5 self
6 - 9 measures
6 - 30 ,
7 reported 8 health
8 health 9 measures
9 measures 13 health
9 measures 25 and
10 ( 13 health
11 perceived 13 health
12 general 13 health
13 health 14 ,
14 , 25 and
15 acute 16 health
16 health 17 complaints
17 complaints 18 ,
18 , 20 constraints
18 , 21 ,
19 physical 20 constraints
21 , 23 illnesses
21 , 25 and
22 chronic 23 illnesses
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 consultations
25 and 27 with
25 and 29 )
27 with 28 gp
30 , 32 self
30 , 33 -
31 four 32 self
33 - 35 well
33 - 36 -
33 - 66 .
34 reported 35 well
36 - 53 and
36 - 59 reported
37 being 38 measures
37 being 44 ,
37 being 53 and
38 measures 40 stress
39 ( 40 stress
40 stress 43 satisfaction
40 stress 44 ,
41 , 43 satisfaction
42 life 43 satisfaction
43 satisfaction 44 ,
45 loneliness 47 and
46 , 47 and
47 and 49 contacts
47 and 52 )
47 and 53 and
48 social 49 contacts
49 contacts 50 with
50 with 51 friends
53 and 57 self
53 and 58 -
53 and 59 reported
54 one 57 self
55 measure 57 self
56 assessing 57 self
59 reported 60 levels
59 reported 64 in
60 levels 61 of
61 of 63 activity
62 physical 63 activity
64 in 65 summer

respondents were divided into a younger and older group at the median of 62 years which equals the average retirement age in the netherlands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 respondents 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
3 divided 10 at
3 divided 22 in
4 into 9 group
5 a 9 group
6 younger 7 and
7 and 8 older
7 and 9 group
10 at 12 median
11 the 12 median
12 median 13 of
12 median 16 which
12 median 17 equals
13 of 15 years
14 62 15 years
16 which 17 equals
17 equals 21 age
18 the 21 age
19 average 20 retirement
20 retirement 21 age
22 in 24 netherlands
23 the 24 netherlands

results : after adjusting for income , education level , gender , stressful life events , physical activity in winter , and access to a garden at home as covariates , both younger and older allotment gardeners reported higher levels of physical activity during the summer than neighbors in corresponding age categories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
2 : 37 gardeners
2 : 38 reported
3 after 4 adjusting
3 after 31 ,
3 after 37 gardeners
4 adjusting 5 for
4 adjusting 22 and
5 for 6 income
6 income 9 level
6 income 11 gender
7 , 9 level
8 education 9 level
9 level 10 ,
10 , 11 gender
11 gender 15 events
11 gender 16 ,
12 , 15 events
13 stressful 14 life
14 life 15 events
15 events 16 ,
17 physical 18 activity
18 activity 19 in
18 activity 22 and
19 in 20 winter
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 access
23 access 24 to
24 to 26 garden
25 a 26 garden
26 garden 27 at
27 at 28 home
28 home 29 as
29 as 30 covariates
32 both 37 gardeners
33 younger 34 and
34 and 35 older
34 and 37 gardeners
36 allotment 37 gardeners
37 gardeners 38 reported
38 reported 40 levels
38 reported 47 than
39 higher 40 levels
40 levels 41 of
41 of 43 activity
42 physical 43 activity
43 activity 44 during
44 during 46 summer
45 the 46 summer
47 than 48 neighbors
47 than 49 in
49 in 52 categories
50 corresponding 52 categories
51 age 52 categories

the impacts of allotment gardening on health and well - being were moderated by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 moderated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 11 being
2 impacts 3 of
2 impacts 8 and
3 of 4 allotment
4 allotment 5 gardening
5 gardening 6 on
6 on 7 health
8 and 9 well
8 and 10 -
8 and 11 being
11 being 12 were
12 were 13 moderated
13 moderated 14 by
14 by 15 age

health and well - being of younger allotment gardeners did not differ from younger neighbors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 health 2 and
2 and 3 well
4 - 5 being
4 - 12 differ
4 - 16 .
5 being 6 of
5 being 10 did
6 of 9 gardeners
7 younger 8 allotment
8 allotment 9 gardeners
10 did 11 not
10 did 12 differ
12 differ 13 from
13 from 15 neighbors
14 younger 15 neighbors

the greater health and well - being benefits of allotment gardening for older gardeners may be related to the finding that older allotment gardeners were more oriented towards gardening and being active , and less towards passive relaxation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 gardening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 health
2 greater 3 health
3 health 4 and
4 and 5 well
4 and 6 -
4 and 7 being
4 and 9 of
4 and 11 gardening
7 being 8 benefits
9 of 10 allotment
11 gardening 12 for
11 gardening 15 may
12 for 14 gardeners
13 older 14 gardeners
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 related
17 related 18 to
18 to 20 finding
19 the 20 finding
20 finding 21 that
21 that 24 gardeners
21 that 27 oriented
22 older 24 gardeners
23 allotment 24 gardeners
24 gardeners 25 were
25 were 26 more
25 were 27 oriented
27 oriented 28 towards
27 oriented 34 and
28 towards 30 and
29 gardening 30 and
30 and 31 being
32 active 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 less
34 and 36 towards
36 towards 38 relaxation
37 passive 38 relaxation

conclusions : these findings are consistent with the notion that having an allotment garden may promote an active life - [style] and contribute to healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 are
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 are
5 are 6 consistent
6 consistent 7 with
7 with 9 notion
8 the 9 notion
9 notion 10 that
9 notion 22 and
10 that 11 having
10 that 22 and
11 having 14 garden
11 having 15 may
12 an 13 allotment
12 an 14 garden
13 allotment 14 garden
15 may 22 and
16 promote 19 life
16 promote 22 and
17 an 18 active
17 an 19 life
18 active 19 life
20 - 22 and
22 and 23 contribute
22 and 24 to
24 to 26 aging
25 healthy 26 aging

however , the findings may be limited by self selection and additional research is needed to confirm and extend the current findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 findings
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 18 and
5 may 6 be
5 may 18 and
6 be 7 limited
7 limited 8 by
8 by 11 and
9 self 10 selection
10 selection 11 and
11 and 12 additional
11 and 13 research
11 and 17 confirm
13 research 14 is
14 is 15 needed
15 needed 16 to
16 to 17 confirm
18 and 19 extend
19 extend 22 findings
20 the 22 findings
21 current 22 findings

feedback - related negativity is an event - related brain potential elicited by negative feedback . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 feedback
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
1 feedback 5 is
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 negativity
3 related 5 is
5 is 7 event
6 an 7 event
8 - 9 related
9 related 11 potential
9 related 13 by
9 related 16 .
10 brain 11 potential
11 potential 12 elicited
13 by 15 feedback
14 negative 15 feedback

its properties make it a valuable tool for the assessment of cognitive - affective processes that are involved in feedback and reward processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 its 2 properties
2 properties 21 and
3 make 4 it
3 make 7 tool
3 make 21 and
5 a 6 valuable
5 a 7 tool
6 valuable 7 tool
7 tool 8 for
8 for 10 assessment
9 the 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 of
11 of 15 processes
12 cognitive 13 -
12 cognitive 15 processes
14 affective 15 processes
15 processes 16 that
15 processes 17 are
16 that 17 are
17 are 18 involved
18 involved 19 in
19 in 20 feedback
21 and 22 reward
22 reward 23 processing

the present study sought to determine the minimum number of trials that are required to obtain a reliable frn component using a simple gambling paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 sought
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 15 to
4 sought 16 obtain
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 11 trials
7 the 9 number
8 minimum 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 11 trials
10 of 11 trials
11 trials 12 that
11 trials 13 are
12 that 13 are
13 are 14 required
15 to 16 obtain
16 obtain 20 component
16 obtain 21 using
17 a 18 reliable
17 a 20 component
18 reliable 20 component
19 frn 20 component
21 using 25 paradigm
22 a 25 paradigm
23 simple 25 paradigm
24 gambling 25 paradigm

three independent groups of young participants and one group of old participants were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 three 3 groups
2 independent 3 groups
3 groups 4 of
3 groups 13 were
4 of 7 and
5 young 6 participants
6 participants 7 and
7 and 9 group
7 and 10 of
8 one 9 group
10 of 12 participants
11 old 12 participants
13 were 14 used

in the experimental conditions with healthy young controls , 20 trials were sufficient to measure the optimal frn amplitude . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 4 conditions
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 trials
2 the 4 conditions
3 experimental 4 conditions
4 conditions 5 with
5 with 8 controls
6 healthy 8 controls
7 young 8 controls
10 20 11 trials
11 trials 12 were
12 were 13 sufficient
13 sufficient 14 to
13 sufficient 15 measure
14 to 15 measure
15 measure 19 amplitude
16 the 19 amplitude
17 optimal 19 amplitude
18 frn 19 amplitude

in older participants , 50 trials were needed to obtain a reliable frn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 participants
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 trials
2 older 3 participants
5 50 6 trials
6 trials 7 were
7 were 8 needed
8 needed 9 to
9 to 10 obtain
10 obtain 13 frn
11 a 12 reliable
11 a 13 frn
12 reliable 13 frn

microglial cells , which are resident macrophages in the central nervous system , are " primed " in the aged brain and [are] hypersensitive to messages emerging from immune [-] [to] - brain signaling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 primed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 microglial 2 cells
2 cells 4 which
2 cells 14 are
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 are
4 which 13 ,
5 are 7 macrophages
6 resident 7 macrophages
7 macrophages 8 in
8 in 12 system
9 the 12 system
10 central 12 system
11 nervous 12 system
14 are 15 "
14 are 16 primed
16 primed 17 "
16 primed 18 in
16 primed 25 to
18 in 22 and
19 the 21 brain
20 aged 21 brain
21 brain 22 and
22 and 24 hypersensitive
25 to 26 messages
26 messages 27 emerging
27 emerging 28 from
28 from 33 brain
29 immune 32 -
29 immune 33 brain
33 brain 34 signaling
34 signaling 35 pathways

thus , in elderly individuals who have an infection , microglia [overreact] [to] signals from the peripheral immune system and produce excessive levels of cytokines , causing behavioral pathology including serious deficits in cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 microglia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 signals
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 11 microglia
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 individuals
3 in 10 ,
3 in 11 microglia
4 elderly 5 individuals
5 individuals 6 who
5 individuals 7 have
6 who 7 have
7 have 9 infection
8 an 9 infection
11 microglia 14 signals
14 signals 15 from
14 signals 23 levels
14 signals 27 causing
15 from 20 and
16 the 19 system
17 peripheral 19 system
18 immune 19 system
19 system 20 and
20 and 21 produce
22 excessive 23 levels
23 levels 24 of
24 of 25 cytokines
26 , 27 causing
27 causing 29 pathology
27 causing 33 in
27 causing 35 .
28 behavioral 29 pathology
29 pathology 30 including
30 including 32 deficits
31 serious 32 deficits
33 in 34 cognition

importantly , recent studies indicate dietary flavonoids have anti - inflammatory properties and [are] capable of mitigating microglial cells in the brains of aged mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 indicate
5 indicate 7 flavonoids
5 indicate 8 have
6 dietary 7 flavonoids
7 flavonoids 8 have
8 have 13 and
9 anti 10 -
9 anti 12 properties
11 inflammatory 12 properties
12 properties 13 and
13 and 15 capable
13 and 16 of
16 of 17 mitigating
17 mitigating 19 cells
17 mitigating 20 in
18 microglial 19 cells
20 in 22 brains
21 the 22 brains
22 brains 23 of
23 of 25 mice
24 aged 25 mice

thus , dietary or supplemental flavonoids and other bioactive agents have the potential to restore the population of microglial cells in the elderly brain to its youthful state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 restore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 7 and
3 dietary 4 or
4 or 5 supplemental
4 or 6 flavonoids
6 flavonoids 7 and
7 and 10 agents
7 and 11 have
8 other 10 agents
9 bioactive 10 agents
11 have 13 potential
11 have 14 to
12 the 13 potential
14 to 15 restore
15 restore 17 population
15 restore 21 in
15 restore 25 to
16 the 17 population
17 population 18 of
18 of 20 cells
19 microglial 20 cells
21 in 24 brain
22 the 24 brain
23 elderly 24 brain
25 to 28 state
26 its 28 state
27 youthful 28 state

this review briefly describes the immune - to [-] brain signaling pathways , consequences of microglial cell priming , and the potential of flavonoids to mitigate brain microglia and cognitive deficits induced by inflammatory cytokines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 4 describes
3 briefly 4 describes
4 describes 6 immune
4 describes 8 to
5 the 6 immune
7 - 8 to
8 to 10 brain
8 to 13 ,
10 brain 11 signaling
11 signaling 12 pathways
13 , 20 and
13 , 27 brain
14 consequences 15 of
14 consequences 20 and
15 of 18 priming
16 microglial 17 cell
17 cell 18 priming
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 potential
20 and 25 to
20 and 26 mitigate
20 and 27 brain
21 the 22 potential
22 potential 23 of
23 of 24 flavonoids
25 to 26 mitigate
27 brain 29 and
27 brain 33 by
28 microglia 29 and
29 and 31 deficits
29 and 32 induced
30 cognitive 31 deficits
33 by 35 cytokines
34 inflammatory 35 cytokines

over the past years , increasing numbers of distinct subsets have been discovered and identified for a t lymphocytes ' entity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 subsets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 over 4 years
1 over 5 ,
1 over 10 subsets
2 the 4 years
3 past 4 years
6 increasing 7 numbers
7 numbers 8 of
7 numbers 10 subsets
8 of 10 subsets
9 distinct 10 subsets
10 subsets 11 have
11 have 12 been
12 been 14 and
13 discovered 14 and
14 and 15 identified
14 and 16 for
16 for 21 entity
17 a 18 t
18 t 19 lymphocytes
19 lymphocytes 20 '
20 ' 21 entity

differentiation and function of each [t] cell subset are controlled by a specific master transcription factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 controlled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 differentiation 2 and
2 and 3 function
2 and 4 of
2 and 9 are
4 of 8 subset
5 each 8 subset
7 cell 8 subset
9 are 10 controlled
10 controlled 11 by
11 by 16 factor
12 a 13 specific
12 a 16 factor
13 specific 14 master
14 master 16 factor
15 transcription 16 factor

importantly , runt [-] related transcription factors , particularly runx1 and runx3 , [interplay] with these master regulators in various aspects of t cells ' immunity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 runt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 3 runt
3 runt 5 related
5 related 7 factors
5 related 15 with
6 transcription 7 factors
7 factors 11 and
8 , 9 particularly
8 , 11 and
10 runx1 11 and
11 and 12 runx3
11 and 13 ,
15 with 18 regulators
15 with 26 immunity
16 these 18 regulators
17 master 18 regulators
18 regulators 19 in
19 in 21 aspects
20 various 21 aspects
21 aspects 22 of
22 of 23 t
24 cells 25 '
25 ' 26 immunity

in this review article , we first explain roles of th - pok and runx3 in differentiation of cd4 versus cd8 single positive cells , and later focus on cross [-] regulation of th - pok and runx3 and their relationship with other factors such as tcr strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 in 4 article
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 first
2 this 4 article
3 review 4 article
6 we 7 first
7 first 8 explain
8 explain 9 roles
9 roles 10 of
10 of 11 th
12 - 14 and
12 - 22 single
12 - 35 -
13 pok 14 and
14 and 15 runx3
14 and 18 of
14 and 22 single
15 runx3 16 in
16 in 17 differentiation
18 of 21 cd8
19 cd4 20 versus
20 versus 21 cd8
22 single 28 focus
23 positive 24 cells
24 cells 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 later
26 and 28 focus
28 focus 29 on
28 focus 33 of
29 on 32 regulation
30 cross 32 regulation
33 of 34 th
35 - 39 and
36 pok 37 and
37 and 38 runx3
37 and 39 and
39 and 41 relationship
39 and 42 with
40 their 41 relationship
42 with 44 factors
43 other 44 factors
44 factors 46 as
45 such 46 as
46 as 48 strength
47 tcr 48 strength

next , we provide [evidences] for the direct interplay of runx1/3 with t - bet and gata3 during th1 versus th2 commitment to activate or silence transcription of signature cytokine genes , ifnγ and il4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 next 2 ,
1 next 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 6 for
6 for 9 interplay
7 the 9 interplay
8 direct 9 interplay
9 interplay 10 of
10 of 11 runx1/3
11 runx1/3 12 with
11 runx1/3 16 and
12 with 13 t
14 - 16 and
15 bet 16 and
16 and 17 gata3
16 and 18 during
16 and 32 ,
18 during 25 or
19 th1 20 versus
19 th1 25 or
20 versus 22 commitment
21 th2 22 commitment
22 commitment 23 to
22 commitment 24 activate
23 to 24 activate
25 or 27 transcription
25 or 28 of
26 silence 27 transcription
28 of 31 genes
29 signature 31 genes
30 cytokine 31 genes
32 , 35 il4
33 ifnγ 34 and
34 and 35 il4

lastly , we explain feed - forward relationship [between] runx1 and foxp3 and discuss roles of runx1 in regulatory [t] cells ' suppressive activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 lastly 2 ,
1 lastly 3 we
3 we 4 explain
4 explain 5 feed
6 - 13 and
6 - 25 .
7 forward 12 foxp3
7 forward 13 and
8 relationship 12 foxp3
10 runx1 11 and
11 and 12 foxp3
13 and 14 discuss
14 discuss 15 roles
14 discuss 18 in
15 roles 16 of
16 of 17 runx1
18 in 24 activity
19 regulatory 21 cells
21 cells 22 '
22 ' 24 activity
23 suppressive 24 activity

this review highlights an essential importance of runx molecules in controlling various [t] cell subsets ' differentiation and functions through molecular interplay with the master transcription factors in terms of protein - protein interaction as well as regulation of gene expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
1 this 2 review
2 review 18 and
3 highlights 6 importance
3 highlights 10 in
3 highlights 18 and
4 an 5 essential
4 an 6 importance
5 essential 6 importance
6 importance 7 of
7 of 9 molecules
8 runx 9 molecules
10 in 11 controlling
11 controlling 17 differentiation
12 various 14 cell
14 cell 15 subsets
15 subsets 16 '
16 ' 17 differentiation
18 and 19 functions
18 and 28 in
19 functions 20 through
19 functions 23 with
20 through 22 interplay
21 molecular 22 interplay
23 with 27 factors
24 the 27 factors
25 master 26 transcription
26 transcription 27 factors
28 in 29 terms
29 terms 30 of
29 terms 34 interaction
30 of 31 protein
32 - 34 interaction
33 protein 34 interaction
34 interaction 37 as
34 interaction 39 of
34 interaction 42 .
35 as 36 well
36 well 37 as
37 as 38 regulation
39 of 41 expression
40 gene 41 expression

introduction : aging is a recognized risk factor for erectile dysfunction ( ed ) , contributing independently to vascular damage of penile tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 4 is
3 aging 4 is
4 is 8 factor
5 a 8 factor
6 recognized 8 factor
7 risk 8 factor
8 factor 9 for
9 for 11 dysfunction
10 erectile 11 dysfunction
11 dysfunction 13 ed
11 dysfunction 16 contributing
12 ( 13 ed
13 ed 14 )
15 , 16 contributing
16 contributing 17 independently
16 contributing 18 to
16 contributing 24 .
18 to 20 damage
19 vascular 20 damage
20 damage 21 of
21 of 23 tissue
22 penile 23 tissue

vascular maintenance depends on angiogenic balance in tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maintenance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 vascular 2 maintenance
2 maintenance 3 depends
3 depends 4 on
3 depends 7 in
4 on 6 balance
5 angiogenic 6 balance
7 in 8 tissues

vascular endothelial growth [factor] ( vegf ) is a modulator of endothelial cells functions , after engagement to specific receptor kinase domain region [(] kdr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 vascular 3 growth
2 endothelial 3 growth
3 growth 6 vegf
3 growth 8 is
5 ( 6 vegf
6 vegf 7 )
8 is 10 modulator
9 a 10 modulator
10 modulator 11 of
10 modulator 16 after
11 of 14 functions
12 endothelial 13 cells
13 cells 14 functions
15 , 16 after
16 after 17 engagement
16 after 26 )
17 engagement 18 to
18 to 25 kdr
19 specific 20 receptor
20 receptor 21 kinase
21 kinase 25 kdr
22 domain 25 kdr
23 region 25 kdr

other factors , such as angiopoietins , cross talk with vegf , modulating its effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cross
1 other 2 factors
2 factors 5 as
2 factors 8 cross
3 , 5 as
4 such 5 as
5 as 6 angiopoietins
5 as 7 ,
8 cross 9 talk
8 cross 10 with
10 with 11 vegf
11 vegf 13 modulating
12 , 13 modulating
13 modulating 15 effects
13 modulating 16 .
14 its 15 effects

angiopoietin - 1 ( ang1 ) and angiopoietin - 2 ( ang2 ) compete for binding to tie - 2 and , while ang1 promotes vascular stabilization , ang2 acts as a partial agonist or antagonist of ang1 signaling , depending on vegf bioavailability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 compete
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 angiopoietin 3 1
1 angiopoietin 7 and
2 - 3 1
3 1 5 ang1
3 1 6 )
4 ( 5 ang1
5 ang1 6 )
7 and 8 angiopoietin
7 and 10 2
7 and 14 compete
9 - 10 2
10 2 12 ang2
10 2 13 )
11 ( 12 ang2
12 ang2 13 )
14 compete 15 for
14 compete 17 to
15 for 16 binding
17 to 18 tie
19 - 20 2
19 - 21 and
21 and 29 ang2
21 and 30 acts
22 , 23 while
23 while 24 ang1
23 while 25 promotes
23 while 28 ,
23 while 29 ang2
24 ang1 25 promotes
25 promotes 27 stabilization
26 vascular 27 stabilization
29 ang2 30 acts
30 acts 31 as
30 acts 41 depending
31 as 35 or
32 a 33 partial
32 a 34 agonist
33 partial 34 agonist
34 agonist 35 or
35 or 36 antagonist
35 or 37 of
35 or 39 signaling
37 of 38 ang1
40 , 41 depending
41 depending 42 on
41 depending 45 .
42 on 44 bioavailability
43 vegf 44 bioavailability

aims : to quantify the expression of ang1 , ang2 , tie - 2 , vegf , and kdr by real - time polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) in human corpus cavernosum ( cc ) from young and aged healthy individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 quantify
2 : 43 .
3 to 4 quantify
4 quantify 18 and
4 quantify 20 by
4 quantify 30 in
4 quantify 37 from
5 the 18 and
6 expression 7 of
6 expression 18 and
7 of 8 ang1
8 ang1 10 ang2
8 ang1 12 tie
9 , 10 ang2
10 ang2 11 ,
11 , 12 tie
12 tie 16 vegf
12 tie 17 ,
13 - 16 vegf
14 2 16 vegf
15 , 16 vegf
16 vegf 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 kdr
20 by 26 reaction
21 real 22 -
21 real 25 chain
23 time 25 chain
24 polymerase 25 chain
25 chain 26 reaction
26 reaction 28 pcr
27 ( 28 pcr
28 pcr 29 )
30 in 33 cavernosum
31 human 32 corpus
32 corpus 33 cavernosum
33 cavernosum 35 cc
34 ( 35 cc
35 cc 36 )
37 from 42 individuals
38 young 39 and
39 and 40 aged
39 and 42 individuals
41 healthy 42 individuals

methods : human cc fragments were obtained from organ donors without known risk factors to ed and divided in two groups : young ( 16 - 35 years ) and aged ( 59 - 74 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 human
2 : 22 :
3 human 4 cc
3 human 5 fragments
3 human 18 divided
3 human 22 :
5 fragments 6 were
6 were 17 and
7 obtained 8 from
7 obtained 11 without
7 obtained 14 factors
7 obtained 15 to
7 obtained 17 and
8 from 10 donors
9 organ 10 donors
11 without 13 risk
12 known 13 risk
15 to 16 ed
17 and 18 divided
18 divided 19 in
19 in 21 groups
20 two 21 groups
22 : 30 and
23 young 26 -
23 young 30 and
24 ( 26 -
25 16 26 -
26 - 28 years
26 - 29 )
27 35 28 years
30 and 31 aged
31 aged 34 -
32 ( 34 -
33 59 34 -
34 - 36 years
34 - 37 )
35 74 36 years

rna was extracted and converted to cdna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 rna 2 was
2 was 4 and
3 extracted 4 and
4 and 5 converted
4 and 6 to
6 to 7 cdna

real - time pcr reactions employed appropriate primers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 real 2 -
1 real 5 reactions
3 time 5 reactions
4 pcr 5 reactions
5 reactions 6 employed
6 employed 8 primers
7 appropriate 8 primers

kdr , tie - 2 , akt , and phospho - akt protein levels were also assessed by western blotting ( wb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 kdr 2 ,
2 , 3 tie
2 , 9 and
3 tie 5 2
4 - 5 2
5 2 7 akt
5 2 8 ,
6 , 7 akt
7 akt 8 ,
9 and 10 phospho
9 and 13 protein
11 - 13 protein
12 akt 13 protein
13 protein 14 levels
13 protein 20 blotting
13 protein 22 wb
13 protein 23 )
14 levels 15 were
15 were 17 assessed
16 also 17 assessed
17 assessed 18 by
18 by 19 western
19 western 20 blotting
21 ( 22 wb
22 wb 23 )

computer [-] assisted [evaluation] of vascular areas was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 computer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 computer 3 assisted
1 computer 5 of
1 computer 8 was
5 of 7 areas
6 vascular 7 areas
8 was 9 performed

main outcome measures : study of angiopoietins - tie - 2 and vegf - kdr systems in human cc during aging by real - time pcr and wb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 5 study
5 study 6 of
6 of 7 angiopoietins
7 angiopoietins 9 tie
8 - 9 tie
9 tie 10 -
10 - 16 systems
11 2 12 and
12 and 13 vegf
13 vegf 15 kdr
14 - 15 kdr
15 kdr 16 systems
16 systems 17 in
17 in 18 human
18 human 19 cc
18 human 20 during
20 during 21 aging
21 aging 22 by
22 by 28 wb
23 real 24 -
23 real 25 time
25 time 28 wb
26 pcr 27 and
27 and 28 wb
28 wb 29 .

the ratios ang1/tie [-] 2 and vegf/kdr and akt levels were also determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 ratios
2 ratios 9 akt
2 ratios 10 levels
2 ratios 11 were
3 ang1/tie 5 2
3 ang1/tie 6 and
6 and 7 vegf/kdr
7 vegf/kdr 8 and
8 and 9 akt
9 akt 10 levels
11 were 12 also
11 were 13 determined

results : real - time pcr results showed a sixfold significant reduction in the ang1/tie [-] 2 ratio during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 5 time
3 real 4 -
3 real 5 time
5 time 20 aging
6 pcr 7 results
6 pcr 19 during
6 pcr 20 aging
7 results 8 showed
8 showed 12 reduction
8 showed 13 in
8 showed 19 during
9 a 12 reduction
10 sixfold 12 reduction
11 significant 12 reduction
13 in 18 ratio
14 the 18 ratio
15 ang1/tie 17 2
15 ang1/tie 18 ratio

ang2 , vegf , and kdr expression results were highly variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 ang2 3 vegf
2 , 3 vegf
3 vegf 4 ,
3 vegf 5 and
5 and 6 kdr
6 kdr 8 results
7 expression 8 results
8 results 9 were
9 were 10 highly
9 were 11 variable

nevertheless , the ratio vegf/kdr was significantly higher in the aged individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 vegf/kdr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 5 vegf/kdr
3 the 4 ratio
4 ratio 5 vegf/kdr
5 vegf/kdr 6 was
6 was 8 higher
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 9 in
9 in 12 individuals
10 the 12 individuals
11 aged 12 individuals

akt and phospho - akt levels were similar in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 akt 2 and
2 and 6 levels
2 and 7 were
3 phospho 4 -
3 phospho 6 levels
5 akt 6 levels
7 were 8 similar
8 similar 9 in
9 in 11 groups
10 both 11 groups

immunohistological evaluation revealed [a] significant decrease in vascular areas and endothelial surface in cc with aging [,] despite no differences found in vessel number . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 immunohistological 3 revealed
2 evaluation 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 decrease
5 significant 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 in
6 decrease 10 and
7 in 9 areas
8 vascular 9 areas
10 and 12 surface
10 and 13 in
10 and 15 with
10 and 24 number
11 endothelial 12 surface
13 in 14 cc
15 with 16 aging
16 aging 18 despite
18 despite 20 differences
19 no 20 differences
20 differences 21 found
21 found 22 in
23 vessel 24 number

conclusions : the obtained results suggest an aging [-] associated downregulation [of] angiopoietins/tie - 2 system and an apparent compensatory upregulation of the vegf/kdr system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 5 results
2 : 6 suggest
3 the 5 results
4 obtained 5 results
5 results 6 suggest
6 suggest 17 and
7 an 16 system
8 aging 11 downregulation
10 associated 11 downregulation
11 downregulation 16 system
13 angiopoietins/tie 14 -
13 angiopoietins/tie 16 system
15 2 16 system
16 system 17 and
17 and 21 upregulation
17 and 22 of
18 an 19 apparent
18 an 21 upregulation
19 apparent 21 upregulation
20 compensatory 21 upregulation
22 of 25 system
23 the 25 system
24 vegf/kdr 25 system

background : a myriad of technologies [are] available for the treatment of aging skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 myriad
3 a 4 myriad
4 myriad 5 of
5 of 6 technologies
6 technologies 8 available
8 available 9 for
9 for 11 treatment
10 the 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 of
12 of 13 aging
13 aging 14 skin

these , however , still lack the ability to combine immediate , short - term and long - term aesthetic results with no downtime . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 combine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 , 6 lack
3 however 4 ,
3 however 6 lack
5 still 6 lack
6 lack 8 ability
6 lack 9 to
7 the 8 ability
9 to 10 combine
10 combine 16 and
10 combine 22 with
11 immediate 12 ,
12 , 15 term
12 , 16 and
13 short 14 -
13 short 15 term
16 and 21 results
17 long 18 -
17 long 19 term
19 term 21 results
20 aesthetic 21 results
22 with 24 downtime
23 no 24 downtime

furthermore , the treatment of fine wrinkles on large surfaces remains challenging , as does the treatment of delicate regions , such as the dorsal hand , neck , and chest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 treatment
3 the 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 of
4 treatment 11 remains
5 of 7 wrinkles
6 fine 7 wrinkles
7 wrinkles 8 on
8 on 10 surfaces
9 large 10 surfaces
11 remains 12 challenging
12 challenging 14 as
12 challenging 23 as
13 , 14 as
14 as 15 does
14 as 21 ,
15 does 17 treatment
16 the 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 of
18 of 20 regions
19 delicate 20 regions
22 such 23 as
23 as 30 and
24 the 26 hand
25 dorsal 26 hand
26 hand 27 ,
27 , 28 neck
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 chest

objectives : the aims of this study were to evaluate the short - term as well as the long - term efficacy and safety of a new skin remodeling device that pneumatically accelerates a jet of hyaluronic acid ( ha ) solution [under] high pressure into the dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 4 aims
3 the 4 aims
4 aims 5 of
4 aims 7 study
4 aims 10 evaluate
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 were
8 were 9 to
8 were 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 23 and
11 the 14 term
12 short 13 -
12 short 14 term
14 term 17 as
14 term 23 and
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 22 efficacy
18 the 22 efficacy
19 long 20 -
19 long 22 efficacy
21 term 22 efficacy
23 and 24 safety
23 and 31 that
23 and 33 accelerates
24 safety 25 of
25 of 30 device
26 a 30 device
27 new 28 skin
28 skin 30 device
29 remodeling 30 device
31 that 33 accelerates
32 pneumatically 33 accelerates
33 accelerates 35 jet
33 accelerates 46 into
34 a 35 jet
35 jet 36 of
36 of 45 pressure
37 hyaluronic 42 solution
38 acid 40 ha
38 acid 42 solution
39 ( 40 ha
40 ha 41 )
42 solution 45 pressure
44 high 45 pressure
46 into 48 dermis
47 the 48 dermis

methods : thirty - four participants at three clinical sites underwent treatments with the airgent device on the face , neck , chest , and dorsal hands for a total of 69 sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 6 participants
2 : 11 underwent
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 four
4 - 6 participants
6 participants 7 at
6 participants 11 underwent
7 at 10 sites
8 three 10 sites
9 clinical 10 sites
11 underwent 12 treatments
11 underwent 17 on
12 treatments 13 with
13 with 16 device
14 the 16 device
15 airgent 16 device
17 on 25 and
18 the 19 face
19 face 20 ,
20 , 21 neck
20 , 22 ,
22 , 23 chest
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 hands
25 and 28 for
25 and 31 of
26 dorsal 27 hands
28 for 30 total
29 a 30 total
31 of 33 sites
32 69 33 sites

safety and efficacy were evaluated in short - term [(] 1 - 3 months [ )(and long - term follow - up ( up to 18 months ) by photography , by an independent reviewer and [by] participant self - evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 safety 2 and
2 and 3 efficacy
2 and 4 were
4 were 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 in
5 evaluated 32 by
6 in 9 term
7 short 8 -
7 short 9 term
9 term 12 -
9 term 16 )(and
9 term 20 follow
9 term 22 up
11 1 12 -
12 - 13 3
14 months 16 )(and
16 )(and 19 term
16 )(and 20 follow
17 long 18 -
17 long 19 term
21 - 22 up
22 up 24 up
22 up 29 by
22 up 31 ,
23 ( 24 up
24 up 25 to
24 up 28 )
25 to 27 months
26 18 27 months
29 by 30 photography
31 , 32 by
32 by 36 and
32 by 40 -
33 an 34 independent
33 an 35 reviewer
34 independent 35 reviewer
35 reviewer 36 and
36 and 39 self
38 participant 39 self
40 - 41 evaluation

histology was assessed before and 4 months after the third treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 histology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 histology 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 5 and
4 before 5 and
5 and 8 after
6 4 7 months
7 months 8 after
8 after 11 treatment
9 the 11 treatment
10 third 11 treatment

results : a total of 69 treatment areas were evaluable at 1 - 3 months follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 follow
2 : 4 total
2 : 9 were
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 were
5 of 8 areas
6 69 8 areas
7 treatment 8 areas
9 were 10 evaluable
10 evaluable 11 at
11 at 13 -
12 1 13 -
13 - 14 3
14 3 15 months
15 months 16 follow
16 follow 18 up
17 - 18 up
18 up 19 .

photographic analysis demonstrated improvement in skin variables at all body sites treated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 photographic 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 improvement
3 demonstrated 5 in
3 demonstrated 8 at
5 in 7 variables
6 skin 7 variables
8 at 11 sites
9 all 11 sites
10 body 11 sites
11 sites 12 treated

treatment of the face and neck reduced the mean fitzpatrick [-] goldman wrinkle classification score by 39.4 and 30.4 % , respectively , representing a full wrinkle class improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 7 reduced
2 of 5 and
3 the 4 face
4 face 5 and
5 and 6 neck
7 reduced 15 score
7 reduced 16 by
8 the 15 score
9 mean 15 score
10 fitzpatrick 12 goldman
12 goldman 13 wrinkle
13 wrinkle 14 classification
14 classification 15 score
16 by 20 %
17 39.4 18 and
18 and 19 30.4
18 and 20 %
20 % 24 representing
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 ,
22 respectively 24 representing
24 representing 29 improvement
25 a 26 full
25 a 29 improvement
26 full 27 wrinkle
27 wrinkle 29 improvement
28 class 29 improvement

treatments of the chest demonstrated significant visual improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 treatments 2 of
1 treatments 5 demonstrated
2 of 4 chest
3 the 4 chest
5 demonstrated 8 improvement
6 significant 8 improvement
7 visual 8 improvement

treatment of the dorsal hands produced good overall improvement ( oi ) , with good improvement of protruding veins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 produced
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 6 produced
2 of 5 hands
3 the 5 hands
4 dorsal 5 hands
6 produced 9 improvement
6 produced 14 with
7 good 8 overall
8 overall 9 improvement
9 improvement 11 oi
10 ( 11 oi
11 oi 12 )
13 , 14 with
14 with 16 improvement
14 with 20 .
15 good 16 improvement
16 improvement 17 of
17 of 19 veins
18 protruding 19 veins

overall improvement increased with increasing number [of] treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 overall 2 improvement
2 improvement 3 increased
3 increased 4 with
4 with 5 increasing
5 increasing 8 treatments
6 number 8 treatments

a total of 56 treatment areas were evaluable for long - [term] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 7 were
3 of 6 areas
4 56 6 areas
5 treatment 6 areas
7 were 8 evaluable
8 evaluable 9 for
9 for 10 long
11 - 13 follow
13 follow 15 up
14 - 15 up
15 up 16 .

treatment of the face and neck reduced the mean fitzpatrick - goldman wrinkle classification [score] by 27.6 and 21.2 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 7 reduced
2 of 5 and
3 the 4 face
4 face 5 and
5 and 6 neck
7 reduced 10 fitzpatrick
7 reduced 22 respectively
8 the 9 mean
9 mean 10 fitzpatrick
10 fitzpatrick 14 classification
11 - 14 classification
12 goldman 13 wrinkle
13 wrinkle 14 classification
14 classification 16 by
14 classification 21 ,
16 by 20 %
17 27.6 18 and
18 and 19 21.2
18 and 20 %

improvement after treatment of the face represented a full wrinkle class reduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 improvement 2 after
1 improvement 7 represented
2 after 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 of
4 of 6 face
5 the 6 face
7 represented 12 reduction
8 a 9 full
8 a 12 reduction
9 full 10 wrinkle
10 wrinkle 12 reduction
11 class 12 reduction

treatment of the chest and dorsal hands yielded significant visual improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 yielded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 8 yielded
2 of 5 and
3 the 4 chest
4 chest 5 and
5 and 7 hands
6 dorsal 7 hands
8 yielded 11 improvement
9 significant 11 improvement
10 visual 11 improvement

overall , 80 % of subjects were satisfied with the treatment outcome and would recommend the treatment to friends and family . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 %
3 80 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 13 and
5 of 6 subjects
7 were 8 satisfied
7 were 13 and
8 satisfied 9 with
9 with 12 outcome
10 the 12 outcome
11 treatment 12 outcome
13 and 14 would
14 would 15 recommend
15 recommend 17 treatment
15 recommend 18 to
16 the 17 treatment
18 to 20 and
19 friends 20 and
20 and 21 family

histological analysis demonstrated increased dermal collagen ιιι . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ιιι
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 histological 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 7 ιιι
4 increased 7 ιιι
5 dermal 7 ιιι
6 collagen 7 ιιι

conclusions : pneumatic injection of ha under high pressure provides a safe , well - tolerated and effective method for improving the appearance of wrinkles on the face , neck , chest , and dorsal hands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 pneumatic
3 pneumatic 4 injection
3 pneumatic 10 provides
3 pneumatic 16 tolerated
4 injection 5 of
4 injection 10 provides
5 of 6 ha
6 ha 7 under
7 under 9 pressure
8 high 9 pressure
10 provides 12 safe
10 provides 14 well
11 a 12 safe
13 , 14 well
14 well 15 -
17 and 19 method
17 and 36 hands
18 effective 19 method
19 method 20 for
19 method 36 hands
20 for 21 improving
21 improving 23 appearance
21 improving 26 on
22 the 23 appearance
23 appearance 24 of
24 of 25 wrinkles
26 on 34 and
27 the 28 face
28 face 29 ,
29 , 30 neck
29 , 31 ,
31 , 32 chest
31 , 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 dorsal

improvement can be seen as early as 1 month and as long as 18 months after treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 improvement 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 seen
4 seen 5 as
5 as 10 and
6 early 7 as
6 early 10 and
7 as 9 month
8 1 9 month
10 and 12 long
11 as 12 long
12 long 13 as
12 long 16 after
13 as 15 months
14 18 15 months
16 after 17 treatment

purpose : the purpose of this paper is to describe coping practices used by older women during preclinical disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 13 used
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 is
5 of 7 paper
6 this 7 paper
8 is 9 to
8 is 13 used
9 to 10 describe
10 describe 12 practices
11 coping 12 practices
13 used 14 by
13 used 17 during
14 by 16 women
15 older 16 women
17 during 19 disability
18 preclinical 19 disability

design : this paper was derived from qualitative data gathered during a larger multimethod longitudinal study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 paper
2 : 6 derived
2 : 17 .
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 was
5 was 6 derived
6 derived 7 from
7 from 9 data
8 qualitative 9 data
9 data 10 gathered
10 gathered 11 during
11 during 16 study
12 a 16 study
13 larger 16 study
14 multimethod 16 study
15 longitudinal 16 study

twelve women ( 60 to 80 years of age ) participated in baseline functional performance measures and then repeated in - depth interviews and participant observations over 18 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 twelve 2 women
2 women 4 60
2 women 11 participated
3 ( 4 60
4 60 5 to
4 60 8 of
4 60 10 )
5 to 7 years
6 80 7 years
8 of 9 age
11 participated 12 in
12 in 15 performance
13 baseline 15 performance
14 functional 15 performance
15 performance 17 and
16 measures 17 and
17 and 19 repeated
17 and 20 in
18 then 19 repeated
21 - 24 and
21 - 30 .
22 depth 23 interviews
23 interviews 24 and
24 and 26 observations
24 and 27 over
25 participant 26 observations
27 over 29 months
28 18 29 months

methods : a hermeneutic approach was used to interpret [the] in - depth interviews , participant observations , and field notes using three interrelated processes of thematic , exemplar , and identification of paradigm cases to identify coping practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 hermeneutic
3 a 4 hermeneutic
4 hermeneutic 5 approach
4 hermeneutic 11 in
5 approach 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 interpret
8 to 9 interpret
9 interpret 11 in
12 - 19 and
13 depth 14 interviews
14 interviews 15 ,
15 , 17 observations
15 , 19 and
16 participant 17 observations
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 notes
19 and 22 using
20 field 21 notes
22 using 25 processes
23 three 25 processes
24 interrelated 25 processes
25 processes 26 of
26 of 31 and
27 thematic 28 ,
28 , 29 exemplar
28 , 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 identification
31 and 40 .
32 identification 33 of
33 of 35 cases
34 paradigm 35 cases
35 cases 36 to
35 cases 37 identify
36 to 37 identify
37 identify 39 practices
38 coping 39 practices

findings : women coped with functional [decline] , such as difficulty getting up from the floor , in many different ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 findings 2 :
2 : 3 women
3 women 5 with
3 women 6 functional
4 coped 5 with
6 functional 10 as
6 functional 18 in
8 , 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 11 difficulty
10 as 17 ,
11 difficulty 12 getting
12 getting 13 up
12 getting 14 from
14 from 16 floor
15 the 16 floor
18 in 21 ways
19 many 21 ways
20 different 21 ways

coping practices were grouped into five themes : resist , adapt , substitute , endure , and eliminate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 practices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 grouped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 coping 2 practices
2 practices 3 were
3 were 4 grouped
4 grouped 5 into
5 into 7 themes
6 five 7 themes
8 : 10 ,
8 : 19 .
9 resist 10 ,
10 , 12 ,
11 adapt 12 ,
12 , 14 ,
13 substitute 14 ,
14 , 17 and
15 endure 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 eliminate

clinical relevance : these findings suggest that nurses need to realize outward appearances may mask the level of effort required for older women to complete daily activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 clinical 2 relevance
3 : 5 findings
3 : 6 suggest
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
6 suggest 8 nurses
7 that 8 nurses
8 nurses 9 need
8 nurses 24 to
9 need 10 to
9 need 11 realize
10 to 11 realize
11 realize 12 outward
11 realize 13 appearances
11 realize 15 mask
13 appearances 14 may
14 may 15 mask
15 mask 17 level
15 mask 21 for
16 the 17 level
17 level 18 of
18 of 19 effort
19 effort 20 required
21 for 23 women
22 older 23 women
24 to 25 complete
25 complete 27 activities
26 daily 27 activities

evidence exists for locomotor muscle impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , including fiber type alterations and reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 evidence 2 exists
2 exists 3 for
2 exists 7 in
3 for 6 impairment
4 locomotor 6 impairment
5 muscle 6 impairment
7 in 22 and
8 patients 9 with
8 patients 17 ,
9 with 13 disease
10 chronic 13 disease
11 obstructive 13 disease
12 pulmonary 13 disease
13 disease 15 copd
14 ( 15 copd
15 copd 16 )
17 , 21 alterations
17 , 22 and
18 including 21 alterations
19 fiber 21 alterations
20 type 21 alterations
22 and 26 capacity
23 reduced 26 capacity
24 mitochondrial 26 capacity
25 oxidative 26 capacity

in this study high - resolution respirometry was used to quantify oxygen flux in permeabilized fibres from biopsies [of] the vastus lateralis muscle in patients with copd and compared to healthy control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 respirometry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 7 respirometry
2 this 3 study
4 high 5 -
4 high 7 respirometry
6 resolution 7 respirometry
7 respirometry 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 14 in
9 used 17 from
10 to 11 quantify
11 quantify 13 flux
12 oxygen 13 flux
14 in 16 fibres
15 permeabilized 16 fibres
17 from 28 and
18 biopsies 23 muscle
18 biopsies 26 with
18 biopsies 28 and
20 the 23 muscle
21 vastus 22 lateralis
22 lateralis 23 muscle
23 muscle 24 in
24 in 25 patients
26 with 27 copd
28 and 29 compared
29 compared 30 to
30 to 33 subjects
31 healthy 32 control
32 control 33 subjects

these results indicate that quadriceps muscle mitochondrial function is altered in patients with copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 8 function
3 indicate 10 altered
4 that 8 function
5 quadriceps 8 function
6 muscle 8 function
7 mitochondrial 8 function
8 function 9 is
9 is 10 altered
10 altered 11 in
10 altered 13 with
11 in 12 patients
13 with 14 copd

the regulatory mechanisms underlying these functional abnormalities remain to be uncovered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 regulatory 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 underlying
3 mechanisms 8 remain
4 underlying 7 abnormalities
5 these 7 abnormalities
6 functional 7 abnormalities
8 remain 9 to
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 uncovered

over the past 50 years the incidence of anesthesia - related cardiac arrest has declined , despite increased patient co - morbidities , the most significant determinant of anesthetic risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 declined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 over 5 years
1 over 7 incidence
2 the 3 past
2 the 4 50
4 50 5 years
6 the 7 incidence
7 incidence 8 of
7 incidence 14 has
8 of 9 anesthesia
10 - 11 related
11 related 13 arrest
11 related 14 has
12 cardiac 13 arrest
14 has 15 declined
15 declined 17 despite
15 declined 27 determinant
16 , 17 despite
17 despite 22 morbidities
17 despite 23 ,
18 increased 22 morbidities
19 patient 22 morbidities
20 co 21 -
20 co 22 morbidities
24 the 27 determinant
25 most 26 significant
26 significant 27 determinant
27 determinant 28 of
28 of 30 risk
29 anesthetic 30 risk

multiple factors have contributed to this improvement including safer anesthetic agents , better monitoring devices and the development of a [specialized] pediatric environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contributed
1 multiple 2 factors
2 factors 3 have
3 have 4 contributed
4 contributed 5 to
4 contributed 14 monitoring
5 to 7 improvement
6 this 7 improvement
7 improvement 8 including
8 including 11 agents
9 safer 10 anesthetic
10 anesthetic 11 agents
12 , 14 monitoring
13 better 14 monitoring
14 monitoring 16 and
14 monitoring 24 .
15 devices 16 and
16 and 18 development
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 development
19 of 23 environment
20 a 23 environment
22 pediatric 23 environment

provider skill has benefitted from improved training and recognition of high - risk situations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 skill
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 benefitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 provider 2 skill
2 skill 3 has
3 has 4 benefitted
4 benefitted 5 from
5 from 8 and
6 improved 7 training
7 training 8 and
8 and 9 recognition
8 and 10 of
10 of 14 situations
11 high 12 -
11 high 14 situations
13 risk 14 situations

further improvements will depend on international , multispecialty efforts to standardize terminology and analyze large numbers of these infrequent adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 further 2 improvements
2 improvements 13 and
3 will 4 depend
3 will 13 and
4 depend 5 on
5 on 9 efforts
6 international 7 ,
6 international 8 multispecialty
8 multispecialty 9 efforts
9 efforts 10 to
9 efforts 11 standardize
10 to 11 standardize
11 standardize 12 terminology
13 and 14 analyze
13 and 21 events
14 analyze 18 these
15 large 16 numbers
16 numbers 17 of
16 numbers 18 these
17 of 18 these
19 infrequent 21 events
20 adverse 21 events

one essential reason for skin ageing is the formation of free radicals by excessive or unprotected sun exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reason
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 one 3 reason
2 essential 3 reason
3 reason 4 for
3 reason 7 is
4 for 6 ageing
5 skin 6 ageing
7 is 9 formation
8 the 9 formation
9 formation 10 of
10 of 12 radicals
11 free 12 radicals
12 radicals 13 by
13 by 18 exposure
14 excessive 15 or
15 or 16 unprotected
15 or 17 sun
17 sun 18 exposure

recently , free radical generation in skin has been shown to appear not only after irradiation in the uv wavelength range but also in the infrared ( ir ) spectral range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 5 generation
3 free 5 generation
4 radical 5 generation
5 generation 6 in
5 generation 8 has
6 in 7 skin
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 shown
10 shown 11 to
10 shown 14 only
11 to 12 appear
12 appear 13 not
14 only 15 after
15 after 16 irradiation
16 irradiation 22 but
17 in 21 range
17 in 22 but
18 the 21 range
19 uv 21 range
20 wavelength 21 range
22 but 23 also
22 but 24 in
24 in 31 range
25 the 31 range
26 infrared 28 ir
26 infrared 29 )
26 infrared 31 range
27 ( 28 ir
28 ir 29 )
30 spectral 31 range

sunscreens are known to protect against radicals generated by uv radiation ; however , no data exist for those generated by ir radiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sunscreens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 sunscreens 2 are
2 are 3 known
3 known 4 to
3 known 5 protect
4 to 5 protect
5 protect 6 against
5 protect 9 by
5 protect 11 radiation
6 against 7 radicals
7 radicals 8 generated
9 by 10 uv
12 ; 16 data
12 ; 17 exist
13 however 14 ,
13 however 16 data
15 no 16 data
16 data 17 exist
17 exist 18 for
17 exist 21 by
18 for 19 those
19 those 20 generated
21 by 23 radiation
22 ir 23 radiation

this paper has investigated four different , commercially available sunscreens and one colipa standard with regard to radical formation in the skin after ir irradiation , using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 has
3 has 4 investigated
4 investigated 11 and
4 investigated 15 with
5 four 10 sunscreens
6 different 7 ,
6 different 10 sunscreens
8 commercially 9 available
9 available 10 sunscreens
10 sunscreens 11 and
11 and 14 standard
12 one 14 standard
13 colipa 14 standard
15 with 16 regard
16 regard 17 to
16 regard 20 in
16 regard 23 after
17 to 19 formation
18 radical 19 formation
20 in 22 skin
21 the 22 skin
23 after 25 irradiation
24 ir 25 irradiation
26 , 31 spectroscopy
27 using 28 electron
28 electron 31 spectroscopy
29 paramagnetic 30 resonance
30 resonance 31 spectroscopy

the use of sunscreens has led to reduced amounts of radicals compared to untreated skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 5 has
3 of 4 sunscreens
5 has 6 led
6 led 7 to
7 to 9 amounts
8 reduced 9 amounts
9 amounts 10 of
10 of 11 radicals
11 radicals 12 compared
12 compared 13 to
13 to 15 skin
14 untreated 15 skin

furthermore , absorption and scattering properties and the radical protection factor of the formulations were determined to investigate their influence on the radical protection of the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 and
3 absorption 4 and
4 and 6 properties
4 and 7 and
5 scattering 6 properties
7 and 11 factor
7 and 12 of
7 and 15 were
8 the 11 factor
9 radical 10 protection
10 protection 11 factor
12 of 14 formulations
13 the 14 formulations
15 were 16 determined
16 determined 17 to
16 determined 18 investigate
17 to 18 investigate
18 investigate 20 influence
19 their 20 influence
20 influence 21 on
20 influence 25 of
21 on 24 protection
22 the 24 protection
23 radical 24 protection
25 of 27 skin
26 the 27 skin

none of these formulations contained an optical absorber in the ir range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 formulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 4 formulations
2 of 4 formulations
3 these 4 formulations
4 formulations 5 contained
5 contained 8 absorber
5 contained 9 in
6 an 7 optical
6 an 8 absorber
7 optical 8 absorber
9 in 12 range
10 the 12 range
11 ir 12 range

the protection efficiency of the sunscreens was shown as being induced by the high scattering properties of the sunscreens , as well as the antioxidants contained in the formulations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 efficiency
2 protection 3 efficiency
3 efficiency 4 of
3 efficiency 7 was
4 of 6 sunscreens
5 the 6 sunscreens
7 was 8 shown
8 shown 9 as
9 as 10 being
10 being 11 induced
11 induced 12 by
11 induced 27 in
12 by 14 high
13 the 14 high
14 high 15 scattering
14 high 26 contained
15 scattering 16 properties
15 scattering 21 as
16 properties 17 of
17 of 19 sunscreens
18 the 19 sunscreens
20 , 21 as
21 as 22 well
21 as 26 contained
22 well 23 as
22 well 26 contained
23 as 25 antioxidants
24 the 25 antioxidants
27 in 29 formulations
28 the 29 formulations

heat shock proteins ( hsps ) are expressed in [mammalian] embryonic , adult and aging lens , cornea and retina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 heat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 heat 2 shock
1 heat 9 in
2 shock 3 proteins
2 shock 7 are
2 shock 8 expressed
3 proteins 5 hsps
3 proteins 7 are
4 ( 5 hsps
5 hsps 6 )
9 in 19 and
11 embryonic 12 ,
12 , 13 adult
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 lens
14 and 17 ,
15 aging 16 lens
17 , 18 cornea
17 , 19 and
19 and 20 retina

these proteins , particularly those belonging to the family of small hsps , such as αa - crystallin ( hspb4 ) and αb - crystallin ( hspb5 ) , play important roles in the differentiation of lens cells and [are] essential for the maintenance and protection of the supraorganization of proteins in differentiated corneal and lens fiber cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 these 2 proteins
3 , 22 and
3 , 30 play
4 particularly 22 and
5 those 6 belonging
5 those 10 of
5 those 22 and
6 belonging 7 to
7 to 9 family
8 the 9 family
10 of 12 hsps
11 small 12 hsps
12 hsps 18 crystallin
13 , 18 crystallin
14 such 18 crystallin
15 as 16 αa
16 αa 17 -
16 αa 18 crystallin
18 crystallin 20 hspb4
18 crystallin 21 )
19 ( 20 hspb4
20 hspb4 21 )
22 and 23 αb
22 and 25 crystallin
22 and 30 play
24 - 25 crystallin
25 crystallin 27 hspb5
25 crystallin 29 ,
26 ( 27 hspb5
27 hspb5 28 )
30 play 32 roles
30 play 33 in
30 play 42 for
31 important 32 roles
33 in 35 differentiation
34 the 35 differentiation
35 differentiation 36 of
36 of 39 and
37 lens 38 cells
38 cells 39 and
39 and 41 essential
42 for 45 and
43 the 44 maintenance
44 maintenance 45 and
45 and 46 protection
45 and 47 of
47 of 49 supraorganization
48 the 49 supraorganization
49 supraorganization 50 of
50 of 51 proteins
51 proteins 52 in
52 in 58 cells
53 differentiated 58 cells
54 corneal 55 and
55 and 56 lens
55 and 57 fiber
57 fiber 58 cells

hsps are molecular [chaperones] [characterized] by their protective activity against different types of stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hsps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 hsps 2 are
2 are 3 molecular
3 molecular 6 by
3 molecular 10 against
6 by 9 activity
7 their 9 activity
8 protective 9 activity
10 against 14 stress
11 different 12 types
12 types 13 of
12 types 14 stress
13 of 14 stress

they also have anti - apoptotic and anti - oxidant functions that help lens and corneal cells to better cope with the oxidative conditions that result from light induced injuries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 they 3 have
2 also 3 have
3 have 17 cells
3 have 18 to
3 have 21 with
4 anti 7 and
4 anti 9 -
4 anti 10 oxidant
5 - 7 and
6 apoptotic 7 and
7 and 8 anti
7 and 9 -
10 oxidant 17 cells
11 functions 17 cells
12 that 14 lens
13 help 14 lens
14 lens 15 and
15 and 16 corneal
15 and 17 cells
18 to 20 cope
19 better 20 cope
21 with 24 conditions
22 the 24 conditions
23 oxidative 24 conditions
24 conditions 25 that
24 conditions 26 result
25 that 26 result
26 result 27 from
27 from 30 injuries
28 light 29 induced
29 induced 30 injuries

they are also effective to protect the retina against the high rate of oxidative metabolism observed in this tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 also
2 are 4 effective
4 effective 5 to
4 effective 6 protect
5 to 6 protect
6 protect 8 retina
6 protect 9 against
6 protect 17 in
7 the 8 retina
9 against 12 rate
10 the 12 rate
11 high 12 rate
12 rate 13 of
13 of 15 metabolism
14 oxidative 15 metabolism
15 metabolism 16 observed
17 in 19 tissue
18 this 19 tissue

the goal of this review is to highlight recent works describing the expression and function [(] [s] ) of the different hsps as an attempt to better understand their roles in the normal and pathological eye . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 highlight
7 to 8 highlight
8 highlight 10 works
8 highlight 26 to
9 recent 10 works
10 works 11 describing
10 works 19 of
11 describing 14 and
12 the 14 and
13 expression 14 and
14 and 15 function
14 and 18 )
19 of 22 hsps
20 the 22 hsps
21 different 22 hsps
22 hsps 23 as
23 as 25 attempt
24 an 25 attempt
26 to 28 understand
27 better 28 understand
28 understand 30 roles
29 their 30 roles
30 roles 31 in
31 in 36 eye
32 the 36 eye
33 normal 34 and
34 and 35 pathological
34 and 36 eye

particular emphasis is given to the α - crystallin polypeptides which , in addition to their protective functions , are key structural polypeptides that are essential for the refractive and light focusing properties of the lens , a property demonstrated by the caractogenic potential of their mutation . 
1 particular 2 emphasis
2 emphasis 3 is
3 is 4 given
4 given 5 to
4 given 27 for
5 to 10 polypeptides
6 the 10 polypeptides
7 α 8 -
7 α 10 polypeptides
9 crystallin 10 polypeptides
10 polypeptides 11 which
10 polypeptides 20 are
11 which 13 in
11 which 20 are
12 , 13 in
13 in 14 addition
13 in 19 ,
14 addition 15 to
15 to 18 functions
16 their 18 functions
17 protective 18 functions
20 are 21 key
21 key 23 polypeptides
22 structural 23 polypeptides
23 polypeptides 24 that
23 polypeptides 25 are
24 that 25 are
25 are 26 essential
27 for 33 properties
28 the 33 properties
29 refractive 30 and
30 and 31 light
30 and 32 focusing
32 focusing 33 properties
33 properties 34 of
34 of 36 lens
35 the 36 lens
36 lens 39 property
37 , 39 property
38 a 39 property
39 property 40 demonstrated
39 property 41 by
39 property 48 .
41 by 44 potential
42 the 44 potential
43 caractogenic 44 potential
44 potential 45 of
45 of 47 mutation
46 their 47 mutation

objective : trends of overweight ( ov )/obesity ( ob ) prevalence among german children aged 4 - 16 years were studied between 1999 and 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 trends
3 trends 4 of
3 trends 16 aged
4 of 12 prevalence
5 overweight 8 )/obesity
5 overweight 12 prevalence
6 ( 8 )/obesity
7 ov 8 )/obesity
8 )/obesity 10 ob
8 )/obesity 11 )
9 ( 10 ob
10 ob 11 )
12 prevalence 13 among
13 among 15 children
14 german 15 children
16 aged 18 -
17 4 18 -
18 - 19 16
19 16 20 years
20 years 21 were
21 were 22 studied
22 studied 23 between
23 between 25 and
24 1999 25 and
25 and 26 2008

subjects : body mass index [(] bmi [ )(data ( >p90 [ ov []] and >p97 [ ob ] ) from the national crescnet database were analysed in three age groups : 4 - 7.99 , 8 - 11.99 , and 12 - 16 [years] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 :
1 subjects 2 :
2 : 9 )(data
2 : 21 from
3 body 5 index
4 mass 5 index
5 index 9 )(data
7 bmi 9 )(data
9 )(data 11 >p90
10 ( 11 >p90
11 >p90 15 and
11 >p90 20 )
12 [ 15 and
13 ov 15 and
15 and 16 >p97
15 and 18 ob
15 and 20 )
17 [ 18 ob
18 ob 19 ]
21 from 23 national
22 the 23 national
23 national 25 database
23 national 26 were
23 national 27 analysed
23 national 28 in
24 crescnet 25 database
25 database 26 were
28 in 29 three
29 three 30 age
29 three 31 groups
30 age 31 groups
32 : 33 4
32 : 34 -
32 : 46 .
34 - 35 7.99
34 - 41 and
35 7.99 38 -
36 , 38 -
37 8 38 -
38 - 39 11.99
38 - 40 ,
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 12
41 and 43 -
42 12 43 -
43 - 44 16

results : trend analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 analyses
3 trend 4 analyses

data from 272 826 children were analyzed . a [ )(whole study population aged 4 - 16 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 6 were
2 from 5 children
3 272 5 children
4 826 5 children
6 were 7 analyzed
8 . 13 population
8 . 14 aged
9 a 13 population
11 )(whole 12 study
12 study 13 population
13 population 14 aged
14 aged 19 old
15 4 16 -
16 - 17 16
16 - 18 years
18 years 19 old

a significant upward trend for ov/ob prevalence was found between 1999 and 2003 , and a significant [downward] trend between 2004 and 2008 . [b] [ )(subgroup analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 4 trend
2 significant 4 trend
3 upward 4 trend
4 trend 5 for
4 trend 15 and
5 for 6 ov/ob
6 ov/ob 7 prevalence
6 ov/ob 9 found
7 prevalence 8 was
8 was 9 found
9 found 10 between
10 between 12 and
11 1999 12 and
12 and 13 2003
14 , 15 and
15 and 19 trend
15 and 20 between
16 a 17 significant
16 a 19 trend
17 significant 19 trend
20 between 22 and
21 2004 22 and
22 and 23 2008
24 . 27 )(subgroup
27 )(subgroup 28 analyses

ov/ob prevalence increased in most subgroups studied until 2004 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 ov/ob 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 increased
3 increased 4 in
4 in 6 subgroups
5 most 6 subgroups
6 subgroups 7 studied
7 studied 8 until
8 until 9 2004

between 2004 and 2008 , a [downward] trend for ov/ob prevalence was found in children , aged 4 - 7.99 years , whereas it stabilized in most other subgroups studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 between 3 and
1 between 5 ,
1 between 8 trend
2 2004 3 and
3 and 4 2008
6 a 8 trend
8 trend 9 for
8 trend 12 was
9 for 11 prevalence
10 ov/ob 11 prevalence
12 was 13 found
13 found 14 in
13 found 23 whereas
13 found 26 in
14 in 15 children
15 children 17 aged
15 children 21 years
16 , 17 aged
17 aged 18 4
17 aged 19 -
19 - 21 years
20 7.99 21 years
21 years 22 ,
23 whereas 24 it
23 whereas 25 stabilized
24 it 25 stabilized
26 in 29 subgroups
27 most 28 other
28 other 29 subgroups
29 subgroups 30 studied

cross - sectional analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 analyses
2 - 5 .
3 sectional 4 analyses

data from 93 028 children were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 6 were
2 from 5 children
3 93 5 children
4 028 5 children
6 were 7 analyzed

ov/ob prevalence was significantly higher in 2004 compared with 2000 in girls aged 12 - 16 years and in boys aged 8 - 16 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 ov/ob 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
3 was 5 higher
5 higher 6 in
5 higher 9 with
6 in 7 2004
7 2004 8 compared
9 with 10 2000
10 2000 18 and
11 in 17 years
11 in 18 and
12 girls 13 aged
13 aged 15 -
14 12 15 -
15 - 16 16
16 16 17 years
18 and 19 in
19 in 25 years
20 boys 21 aged
21 aged 23 -
22 8 23 -
23 - 24 16
24 16 25 years

ov/ob obesity prevalence was significantly lower in 2008 compared with 2004 in children aged 4 - 7.99 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 ov/ob 2 obesity
2 obesity 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 was
4 was 6 lower
5 significantly 6 lower
6 lower 7 in
6 lower 10 with
7 in 8 2008
8 2008 9 compared
10 with 13 children
11 2004 12 in
12 in 13 children
13 children 14 aged
14 aged 15 4
16 - 18 years
17 7.99 18 years

conclusion : ov/ob prevalence increased between 1999 and 2003 in german children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
3 ov/ob 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 increased
4 prevalence 6 between
6 between 12 children
7 1999 8 and
8 and 9 2003
8 and 10 in
10 in 12 children
11 german 12 children

since 2004 , this trend has been stabilizing or turning into a [downward] trend . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 since 2 2004
1 since 3 ,
1 since 5 trend
4 this 5 trend
5 trend 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 9 or
8 stabilizing 9 or
9 or 10 turning
9 or 11 into
11 into 14 trend
12 a 14 trend

our data confirm the global trend of stabilizing prevalence rates of childhood obesity at a high level and add important information for individual age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 18 and
3 confirm 6 trend
3 confirm 14 at
3 confirm 18 and
4 the 6 trend
5 global 6 trend
6 trend 7 of
7 of 8 stabilizing
8 stabilizing 10 rates
9 prevalence 10 rates
10 rates 11 of
11 of 13 obesity
12 childhood 13 obesity
14 at 17 level
15 a 16 high
15 a 17 level
16 high 17 level
18 and 19 add
18 and 25 groups
19 add 21 information
20 important 21 information
21 information 22 for
22 for 24 age
23 individual 24 age

intervention programs targeted to prevent childhood obesity may have had beneficial effects , and a new balance between factors favouring obesity and those favouring leanness may have been reached recently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 intervention 2 programs
1 intervention 3 targeted
1 intervention 10 had
2 programs 3 targeted
3 targeted 4 to
4 to 5 prevent
5 prevent 6 childhood
6 childhood 7 obesity
6 childhood 9 have
7 obesity 8 may
8 may 9 have
10 had 12 effects
11 beneficial 12 effects
13 , 14 and
14 and 22 and
14 and 29 reached
15 a 16 new
15 a 17 balance
16 new 17 balance
17 balance 18 between
17 balance 22 and
18 between 19 factors
19 factors 20 favouring
20 favouring 21 obesity
22 and 23 those
22 and 24 favouring
22 and 26 may
24 favouring 25 leanness
26 may 27 have
27 have 28 been
28 been 29 reached
29 reached 30 recently

age - and gender - specific differences found in trends of ov/ob prevalence may help optimise preventive and therapeutic measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 age 3 and
2 - 3 and
3 and 4 gender
5 - 7 differences
5 - 16 optimise
6 specific 7 differences
7 differences 8 found
7 differences 9 in
7 differences 14 may
9 in 10 trends
10 trends 11 of
11 of 13 prevalence
12 ov/ob 13 prevalence
14 may 15 help
15 help 16 optimise
16 optimise 20 measures
17 preventive 18 and
18 and 19 therapeutic
18 and 20 measures

the present study aimed to determine the effect of black soy peptide supplementation on glucose control in subjects with prediabetes ( impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance ) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus ( dm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
3 study 9 of
3 study 19 with
3 study 30 and
4 aimed 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 8 effect
7 the 8 effect
9 of 13 supplementation
10 black 11 soy
11 soy 13 supplementation
12 peptide 13 supplementation
13 supplementation 14 on
14 on 16 control
15 glucose 16 control
16 control 17 in
17 in 18 subjects
19 with 20 prediabetes
20 prediabetes 25 or
21 ( 25 or
22 impaired 24 glucose
23 fasting 24 glucose
24 glucose 25 or
25 or 28 tolerance
25 or 29 )
26 impaired 27 glucose
27 glucose 28 tolerance
30 and 36 mellitus
30 and 38 dm
31 newly 32 diagnosed
32 diagnosed 33 type
33 type 35 diabetes
34 2 35 diabetes
35 diabetes 36 mellitus
37 ( 38 dm
38 dm 39 )

in this double - blind , placebo - controlled study , subjects with prediabetes and type 2 dm were randomly assigned to the placebo control group or the black soy peptide intervention group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 7 placebo
1 in 11 ,
1 in 15 and
2 this 7 placebo
3 double 4 -
3 double 7 placebo
5 blind 6 ,
5 blind 7 placebo
7 placebo 10 study
8 - 10 study
9 controlled 10 study
10 study 11 ,
12 subjects 13 with
12 subjects 15 and
13 with 14 prediabetes
15 and 16 type
15 and 18 dm
15 and 21 assigned
15 and 33 group
16 type 17 2
18 dm 19 were
19 were 21 assigned
20 randomly 21 assigned
21 assigned 22 to
22 to 27 or
23 the 26 group
24 placebo 25 control
25 control 26 group
26 group 27 or
27 or 32 intervention
28 the 32 intervention
29 black 32 intervention
30 soy 31 peptide
31 peptide 32 intervention

we determined fasting serum concentrations of glucose , hemoglobin a1c , insulin , and free fatty acids , performed [a] 2 - hour postload glucose ( 2 - hour pg ) [test] , and compared serum lipid profiles before and after the 12 - week supplementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
1 we 34 and
2 determined 14 and
2 determined 19 performed
2 determined 34 and
3 fasting 5 concentrations
4 serum 5 concentrations
5 concentrations 6 of
5 concentrations 14 and
6 of 7 glucose
7 glucose 10 a1c
7 glucose 12 insulin
8 , 10 a1c
9 hemoglobin 10 a1c
10 a1c 11 ,
11 , 12 insulin
12 insulin 13 ,
14 and 17 acids
14 and 18 ,
14 and 19 performed
15 free 17 acids
16 fatty 17 acids
19 performed 21 2
21 2 25 glucose
22 - 25 glucose
23 hour 24 postload
24 postload 25 glucose
25 glucose 27 2
25 glucose 33 ,
26 ( 27 2
27 2 30 pg
27 2 31 )
28 - 30 pg
29 hour 30 pg
30 pg 31 )
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 compared
34 and 40 and
35 compared 38 profiles
36 serum 37 lipid
37 lipid 38 profiles
39 before 40 and
40 and 41 after
41 after 43 12
42 the 43 12
43 12 46 supplementation
44 - 46 supplementation
45 week 46 supplementation
46 supplementation 47 .

in particular , subjects with fasting glucose ≥ 110 [mg/dl] who consumed black soy peptides tended to have lower fasting glucose levels ( two - tailed test , p = .098[!] [;] one [-] tailed test , p = .049[!] ) and had a significant reduction in 2 - hour pg level ( two - tailed p = .012[!] , one - tailed p = .006[!] ) , compared with baseline levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ≥
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 with
4 subjects 8 ≥
5 with 6 fasting
6 fasting 7 glucose
8 ≥ 9 110
9 110 11 who
9 110 16 tended
11 who 15 peptides
11 who 16 tended
12 consumed 15 peptides
13 black 14 soy
14 soy 15 peptides
15 peptides 16 tended
16 tended 17 to
16 tended 18 have
17 to 18 have
18 have 22 levels
18 have 26 tailed
18 have 27 test
19 lower 22 levels
20 fasting 22 levels
21 glucose 22 levels
22 levels 24 two
23 ( 24 two
24 two 25 -
25 - 26 tailed
27 test 30 =
27 test 33 one
28 , 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 .098[!]
33 one 42 and
35 tailed 36 test
35 tailed 42 and
36 test 39 =
37 , 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 .049[!]
39 = 41 )
42 and 43 had
42 and 47 in
42 and 48 2
43 had 46 reduction
44 a 45 significant
44 a 46 reduction
45 significant 46 reduction
48 2 52 level
48 2 56 tailed
49 - 52 level
50 hour 52 level
51 pg 52 level
52 level 54 two
52 level 55 -
53 ( 54 two
54 two 55 -
55 - 56 tailed
56 tailed 58 =
57 p 58 =
58 = 59 .012[!]
59 .012[!] 61 one
59 .012[!] 63 tailed
60 , 61 one
61 one 62 -
62 - 63 tailed
63 tailed 65 =
63 tailed 69 compared
64 p 65 =
65 = 66 .006[!]
65 = 67 )
68 , 69 compared
69 compared 70 with
69 compared 73 .
70 with 71 baseline
70 with 72 levels

the changes in 2 - hour pg levels were also statistically significant in the intervention group ( - 41.25 ± [13.67] mg/dl ) compared with the placebo group ( 12.42 ± [9.80] mg/dl ; two - [tailed] p = .015[!] , one - tailed p = .008[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 7 pg
2 changes 24 compared
3 in 4 2
5 - 7 pg
6 hour 7 pg
7 pg 8 levels
7 pg 9 were
7 pg 12 significant
7 pg 23 )
8 levels 9 were
9 were 10 also
9 were 11 statistically
12 significant 13 in
13 in 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 intervention 16 group
16 group 22 mg/dl
17 ( 22 mg/dl
18 - 19 41.25
19 41.25 22 mg/dl
20 ± 22 mg/dl
22 mg/dl 23 )
24 compared 25 with
25 with 28 group
26 the 28 group
27 placebo 28 group
28 group 33 mg/dl
29 ( 33 mg/dl
30 12.42 33 mg/dl
31 ± 33 mg/dl
33 mg/dl 34 ;
34 ; 35 two
34 ; 36 -
36 - 38 p
36 - 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 .015[!]
40 .015[!] 42 one
40 .015[!] 44 tailed
41 , 42 one
42 one 43 -
43 - 44 tailed
44 tailed 46 =
44 tailed 48 )
45 p 46 =
46 = 47 .008[!]
46 = 48 )

in contrast , hemoglobin a1c levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 levels
4 hemoglobin 6 levels
5 a1c 6 levels
6 levels 7 were
7 were 8 not
7 were 10 improved
9 significantly 10 improved
10 improved 11 by
11 by 14 intervention
12 the 14 intervention
13 dietary 14 intervention

in conclusion , black soy peptide supplementation may be beneficial for controlling fasting blood glucose levels and 2 - hour pg levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 black
3 , 17 and
4 black 5 soy
5 soy 7 supplementation
5 soy 12 controlling
6 peptide 7 supplementation
7 supplementation 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 beneficial
10 beneficial 11 for
11 for 12 controlling
12 controlling 16 levels
13 fasting 14 blood
14 blood 16 levels
15 glucose 16 levels
17 and 18 2
17 and 19 -
18 2 19 -
19 - 22 levels
20 hour 22 levels
21 pg 22 levels

metabolic [syndrome] is characterized by multiple risk factors and is associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 metabolic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 metabolic 9 and
3 is 4 characterized
3 is 9 and
4 characterized 5 by
5 by 8 factors
6 multiple 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 and 10 is
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 risk
13 increased 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 diabetes 17 and
17 and 19 disease
18 cardiovascular 19 disease

the rapid change in the lifestyle and food habits of chinese people has resulted in metabolic syndrome becoming one of the most widespread health challenges in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 change
2 rapid 3 change
3 change 4 in
3 change 10 of
3 change 13 has
4 in 7 and
5 the 6 lifestyle
6 lifestyle 7 and
7 and 9 habits
8 food 9 habits
10 of 12 people
11 chinese 12 people
13 has 14 resulted
14 resulted 15 in
15 in 18 becoming
16 metabolic 17 syndrome
17 syndrome 18 becoming
18 becoming 19 one
18 becoming 25 challenges
19 one 20 of
19 one 25 challenges
20 of 24 health
21 the 22 most
22 most 24 health
23 widespread 24 health
25 challenges 26 in
26 in 27 china

recently , the cardio - ankle vascular index ( cavi ) was developed as a new parameter reflecting arterial stiffness [and] providing an index of vascular status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 8 index
3 the 8 index
4 cardio 5 -
4 cardio 6 ankle
6 ankle 8 index
7 vascular 8 index
8 index 10 cavi
8 index 12 was
9 ( 10 cavi
10 cavi 11 )
12 was 13 developed
13 developed 14 as
14 as 17 parameter
15 a 16 new
15 a 17 parameter
16 new 17 parameter
17 parameter 18 reflecting
17 parameter 25 of
18 reflecting 20 stiffness
19 arterial 20 stiffness
20 stiffness 22 providing
22 providing 24 index
23 an 24 index
25 of 27 status
26 vascular 27 status

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome [on] cavi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 effect
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 15 cavi
12 metabolic 13 syndrome
13 syndrome 15 cavi

a total of 222 chinese subjects aged 50 - 92 years participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 7 aged
3 of 6 subjects
4 222 6 subjects
5 chinese 6 subjects
7 aged 9 -
8 50 9 -
9 - 10 92
10 92 11 years
11 years 12 participated
12 participated 13 in
13 in 15 study
14 this 15 study

we measured cavi and examined blood samples to define metabolic syndrome according to the international diabetes federation criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 4 and
2 measured 3 cavi
2 measured 4 and
4 and 5 examined
4 and 8 to
4 and 13 to
5 examined 7 samples
6 blood 7 samples
8 to 9 define
9 define 12 according
10 metabolic 11 syndrome
11 syndrome 12 according
13 to 18 criteria
14 the 18 criteria
15 international 16 diabetes
16 diabetes 17 federation
17 federation 18 criteria

cavi in the subjects [with] abnormal waist circumference was significantly higher than that obtained in the normal subjects ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cavi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 cavi 2 in
1 cavi 9 was
2 in 8 circumference
3 the 8 circumference
4 subjects 8 circumference
6 abnormal 7 waist
7 waist 8 circumference
9 was 11 higher
10 significantly 11 higher
11 higher 12 than
12 than 13 that
13 that 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 in
14 obtained 21 <
15 in 18 subjects
16 the 18 subjects
17 normal 18 subjects
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.01
21 < 23 )

in the abnormal high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl - c ) group , cavi [was] significantly increased ( p < 0.01 ) compared to the normal hdl - [c] group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 14 group
1 in 32 group
2 the 14 group
3 abnormal 14 group
4 high 8 cholesterol
4 high 13 )
4 high 14 group
5 - 8 cholesterol
6 density 8 cholesterol
7 lipoprotein 8 cholesterol
8 cholesterol 11 -
8 cholesterol 13 )
9 ( 11 -
10 hdl 11 -
11 - 12 c
11 - 13 )
14 group 16 cavi
15 , 16 cavi
16 cavi 19 increased
16 cavi 25 compared
16 cavi 30 -
18 significantly 19 increased
19 increased 22 <
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.01
22 < 24 )
25 compared 26 to
26 to 29 hdl
27 the 29 hdl
28 normal 29 hdl

cavi showed a positive correlation [with] waist circumference and increased significantly with the number of metabolic syndrome components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cavi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cavi 9 and
2 showed 8 circumference
2 showed 9 and
3 a 4 positive
3 a 8 circumference
4 positive 5 correlation
5 correlation 7 waist
7 waist 8 circumference
9 and 10 increased
9 and 11 significantly
9 and 12 with
12 with 18 components
13 the 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 18 components
15 of 18 components
16 metabolic 17 syndrome
17 syndrome 18 components

in conclusion , subjects [with] metabolic [syndrome] have a high cavi that indicated arterial stiffness and is closely associated with an increase in the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 subjects
3 , 8 have
4 subjects 6 metabolic
4 subjects 8 have
8 have 11 cavi
9 a 11 cavi
10 high 11 cavi
11 cavi 12 that
11 cavi 16 and
12 that 16 and
13 indicated 15 stiffness
13 indicated 16 and
14 arterial 15 stiffness
16 and 17 is
17 is 19 associated
18 closely 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
19 associated 23 in
20 with 22 increase
21 an 22 increase
23 in 30 factors
24 the 25 number
25 number 26 of
25 number 30 factors
26 of 30 factors
27 metabolic 28 syndrome
28 syndrome 30 factors
29 risk 30 factors

elevated abdominal obesity and low hdl - [c] are the main players affecting arterial stiffness in the middle - aged and elderly chinese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 elevated 3 obesity
1 elevated 4 and
2 abdominal 3 obesity
4 and 5 low
5 low 6 hdl
7 - 9 are
7 - 19 -
9 are 12 players
10 the 11 main
10 the 12 players
12 players 13 affecting
12 players 16 in
13 affecting 15 stiffness
14 arterial 15 stiffness
16 in 18 middle
17 the 18 middle
19 - 23 chinese
20 aged 21 and
21 and 22 elderly
21 and 23 chinese

these findings suggest that interaction of the individual components of metabolic syndrome plays a role in the relationship [between] metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 interaction
4 that 5 interaction
5 interaction 6 of
6 of 9 components
7 the 9 components
8 individual 9 components
9 components 10 of
10 of 24 stiffness
11 metabolic 12 syndrome
12 syndrome 24 stiffness
13 plays 24 stiffness
14 a 15 role
15 role 16 in
15 role 22 and
16 in 21 syndrome
17 the 21 syndrome
18 relationship 21 syndrome
20 metabolic 21 syndrome
22 and 23 arterial
22 and 24 stiffness

the aging of the population has been associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of neoplastic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 aging
2 aging 3 of
2 aging 6 has
3 of 5 population
4 the 5 population
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 13 and
10 an 12 incidence
11 increased 12 incidence
12 incidence 13 and
13 and 14 prevalence
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 diseases
16 neoplastic 17 diseases

the management of cancer in the older aged person involves novel clinical problems , including benefits and risks of treatment in individuals with reduced life expectancy and treatment tolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 management
2 management 3 of
2 management 10 involves
3 of 4 cancer
4 cancer 5 in
5 in 9 person
6 the 9 person
7 older 9 person
8 aged 9 person
10 involves 17 and
10 involves 21 in
10 involves 23 with
11 novel 13 problems
12 clinical 13 problems
13 problems 14 ,
14 , 16 benefits
14 , 17 and
15 including 16 benefits
17 and 18 risks
17 and 19 of
19 of 20 treatment
21 in 22 individuals
23 with 27 and
24 reduced 25 life
25 life 26 expectancy
26 expectancy 27 and
27 and 29 tolerance
28 treatment 29 tolerance

the european school of hematology has convened the first conference on hematological malignancies in the elderly to explore the issues related to the diagnosis and the treatment of these conditions , and to provide a frame of reference for therapeutic decisions to practicing hematologists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 school
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 european
2 european 3 school
3 school 4 of
3 school 6 has
4 of 5 hematology
6 has 7 convened
7 convened 10 conference
7 convened 17 to
8 the 10 conference
9 first 10 conference
10 conference 11 on
10 conference 14 in
11 on 13 malignancies
12 hematological 13 malignancies
14 in 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly
17 to 32 and
18 explore 20 issues
18 explore 22 to
18 explore 32 and
19 the 20 issues
20 issues 21 related
22 to 25 and
23 the 24 diagnosis
24 diagnosis 25 and
25 and 27 treatment
25 and 28 of
26 the 27 treatment
28 of 30 conditions
29 these 30 conditions
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 to
32 and 34 provide
33 to 34 provide
34 provide 36 frame
35 a 36 frame
36 frame 37 of
36 frame 39 for
37 of 38 reference
39 for 41 decisions
40 therapeutic 41 decisions
41 decisions 42 to
42 to 43 practicing
43 practicing 44 hematologists

the main themes of the conference , which was attended by hematologists and geriatricians from europe and the americas , included an operative definition of aging , the effectiveness and risks of antineoplastic treatment in the aged , and the management of common malignancies such as myelodysplasia , leukemia , myeloma and lymphomas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 3 themes
2 main 3 themes
3 themes 4 of
3 themes 21 included
4 of 6 conference
5 the 6 conference
6 conference 8 which
7 , 8 which
8 which 9 was
8 which 20 ,
9 was 10 attended
10 attended 11 by
11 by 13 and
12 hematologists 13 and
13 and 14 geriatricians
14 geriatricians 15 from
15 from 17 and
16 europe 17 and
17 and 19 americas
18 the 19 americas
21 included 30 and
22 an 23 operative
22 an 24 definition
23 operative 24 definition
24 definition 25 of
24 definition 27 ,
25 of 26 aging
27 , 29 effectiveness
27 , 30 and
28 the 29 effectiveness
30 and 31 risks
31 risks 32 of
32 of 39 and
33 antineoplastic 34 treatment
34 treatment 35 in
34 treatment 39 and
35 in 37 aged
36 the 37 aged
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 management
39 and 42 of
40 the 41 management
42 of 44 malignancies
43 common 44 malignancies
44 malignancies 46 as
45 such 46 as
46 as 52 and
47 myelodysplasia 48 ,
47 myelodysplasia 49 leukemia
49 leukemia 50 ,
50 , 51 myeloma
50 , 52 and
52 and 53 lymphomas

methods : we fitted a linear spline model to bmi sds of 762 young caucasian adults from the terneuzen birth cohort at fixed ages between birth [and] 18 [y] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 fitted
3 we 4 fitted
4 fitted 8 model
4 fitted 9 to
4 fitted 17 from
4 fitted 22 at
5 a 6 linear
5 a 8 model
6 linear 7 spline
7 spline 8 model
9 to 11 sds
10 bmi 11 sds
11 sds 12 of
12 of 16 adults
13 762 16 adults
14 young 15 caucasian
15 caucasian 16 adults
17 from 21 cohort
18 the 21 cohort
19 terneuzen 20 birth
20 birth 21 cohort
22 at 24 ages
23 fixed 24 ages
24 ages 25 between
25 between 26 birth
26 birth 28 18

by linear regression analysis , we [assessed] [the] increase in explained variance of the adult bmi sds by adding the bmi sds at 2 [y] to the models including the bmi sds at 4 [y] , [6] [y] and both 4 [y] and 6 [y] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 by 4 analysis
1 by 5 ,
1 by 6 we
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
6 we 9 increase
9 increase 10 in
9 increase 18 by
9 increase 26 to
9 increase 43 and
10 in 12 variance
11 explained 12 variance
12 variance 13 of
13 of 17 sds
14 the 15 adult
15 adult 17 sds
16 bmi 17 sds
18 by 19 adding
19 adding 22 sds
19 adding 23 at
20 the 22 sds
21 bmi 22 sds
23 at 24 2
26 to 39 and
27 the 28 models
28 models 29 including
28 models 39 and
29 including 32 sds
29 including 33 at
30 the 32 sds
31 bmi 32 sds
33 at 34 4
36 , 39 and
39 and 40 both
41 4 43 and
43 and 44 6

ao risk was modelled by logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 ao 2 risk
2 risk 3 was
3 was 4 modelled
4 modelled 5 by
5 by 7 regression
6 logistic 7 regression

the internal validity was estimated using [bootstrap] techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 validity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 validity
2 internal 3 validity
3 validity 4 was
4 was 5 estimated
5 estimated 6 using
6 using 8 techniques

risk models were represented as risk score diagrams by gender for the age intervals 2 - 4 y and 2 - 6 y . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 risk 2 models
1 risk 3 were
1 risk 4 represented
2 models 3 were
4 represented 5 as
4 represented 9 by
4 represented 14 intervals
5 as 8 diagrams
6 risk 8 diagrams
7 score 8 diagrams
9 by 10 gender
10 gender 11 for
11 for 13 age
12 the 13 age
14 intervals 15 2
15 2 16 -
16 - 17 4
17 4 18 y
19 and 20 2
19 and 21 -
20 2 21 -
21 - 22 6
22 6 23 y

results : in addition to the bmi sds at certain ages , the previous bmi sds during childhood is positively related to adult weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 16 sds
2 : 21 related
3 in 4 addition
3 in 12 ,
3 in 16 sds
4 addition 5 to
4 addition 9 at
5 to 8 sds
6 the 8 sds
7 bmi 8 sds
9 at 11 ages
10 certain 11 ages
13 the 14 previous
13 the 16 sds
15 bmi 16 sds
16 sds 17 during
16 sds 19 is
17 during 18 childhood
19 is 20 positively
19 is 21 related
21 related 22 to
22 to 24 weight
23 adult 24 weight

receiver operating curves analysis provides insight into sensible cut [-] offs ( auc varied from 0.76 to 0.83 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 receiver 2 operating
2 operating 3 curves
3 curves 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 provides
5 provides 6 insight
5 provides 7 into
7 into 11 offs
8 sensible 9 cut
9 cut 11 offs
11 offs 13 auc
12 ( 13 auc
13 auc 14 varied
13 auc 19 )
14 varied 17 to
15 from 17 to
16 0.76 17 to
17 to 18 0.83

the sensitivity and specificity for 2 - 6 [y] at the cut - off of 0.25 and 0.5 are respectively [,] 0.76 and 0.74 , [and] 0.36 and 0.93 , whereas the ppv is 0.52 and 0.67 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 and
3 and 4 specificity
3 and 5 for
3 and 15 of
3 and 19 are
5 for 6 2
6 2 8 6
7 - 8 6
8 6 10 at
8 6 13 -
10 at 12 cut
11 the 12 cut
14 off 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 0.25 17 and
17 and 18 0.5
19 are 20 respectively
19 are 23 and
19 are 31 whereas
19 are 39 respectively
22 0.76 23 and
23 and 24 0.74
23 and 28 and
25 , 28 and
27 0.36 28 and
28 and 29 0.93
28 and 30 ,
30 , 31 whereas
31 whereas 33 ppv
31 whereas 34 is
31 whereas 38 ,
32 the 33 ppv
33 ppv 34 is
34 is 36 and
35 0.52 36 and
36 and 37 0.67

conclusions : the risk score diagrams can serve as a tool for young children for primary prevention [of] [adult] overweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 risk
3 the 4 risk
4 risk 6 diagrams
4 risk 20 overweight
5 score 6 diagrams
6 diagrams 7 can
7 can 8 serve
8 serve 9 as
8 serve 12 for
9 as 11 tool
10 a 11 tool
12 for 14 children
13 young 14 children
14 children 15 for
14 children 20 overweight
15 for 17 prevention
16 primary 17 prevention

to avoid wrongly designating children at risk for ao , we propose a cut - [off] with a high specificity at the risk of approximately 0.5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 avoid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 to 2 avoid
2 avoid 3 wrongly
2 avoid 4 designating
4 designating 5 children
4 designating 6 at
6 at 7 risk
7 risk 8 for
8 for 9 ao
10 , 11 we
10 , 12 propose
11 we 12 propose
12 propose 14 cut
13 a 14 cut
14 cut 17 with
15 - 17 with
17 with 20 specificity
17 with 27 .
18 a 19 high
18 a 20 specificity
19 high 20 specificity
20 specificity 21 at
20 specificity 24 of
21 at 23 risk
22 the 23 risk
24 of 26 0.5
25 approximately 26 0.5

after external validation , wider adoption of this tool might enhance primary ao prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adoption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 enhance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 after 3 validation
1 after 4 ,
1 after 6 adoption
2 external 3 validation
5 wider 6 adoption
6 adoption 7 of
6 adoption 10 might
7 of 9 tool
8 this 9 tool
10 might 11 enhance
11 enhance 14 prevention
12 primary 14 prevention
13 ao 14 prevention

objective : early adiposity [rebound] [(] [ ar ] , when body mass index [[] bmi []] rises after reaching a nadir ) strongly predicts later obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adiposity
2 : 25 predicts
2 : 28 .
3 early 4 adiposity
4 adiposity 8 ar
4 adiposity 25 predicts
7 [ 8 ar
8 ar 9 ]
10 , 11 when
11 when 16 bmi
11 when 18 rises
11 when 23 )
11 when 25 predicts
12 body 16 bmi
13 mass 16 bmi
14 index 16 bmi
16 bmi 18 rises
18 rises 19 after
19 after 20 reaching
20 reaching 22 nadir
21 a 22 nadir
24 strongly 25 predicts
25 predicts 27 obesity
26 later 27 obesity

we investigated whether the upswing in bmi at ar is accompanied by an increase in body fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 5 upswing
3 whether 11 accompanied
4 the 5 upswing
5 upswing 6 in
5 upswing 10 is
6 in 7 bmi
7 bmi 8 at
8 at 9 ar
10 is 11 accompanied
11 accompanied 12 by
11 accompanied 15 in
12 by 14 increase
13 an 14 increase
15 in 17 fat
16 body 17 fat

design : community - based cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 community
4 - 7 study
5 based 6 cohort
6 cohort 7 study

subjects : a total of 299 first - born children ( 49 % [male] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 subjects 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 7 first
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 6 299
8 - 10 children
9 born 10 children
10 children 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 49 13 %
13 % 15 )

measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

six - monthly anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance , 4 - 6.5 years ; lean and fat mass index ( [kg] / [m] ( 2 ) ) [for] direct comparison with bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 six
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 - 5 and
2 - 13 ;
3 monthly 4 anthropometry
4 anthropometry 5 and
5 and 7 impedance
5 and 10 -
6 bioelectrical 7 impedance
8 , 10 -
9 4 10 -
10 - 12 years
10 - 13 ;
11 6.5 12 years
13 ; 15 and
13 ; 28 direct
14 lean 15 and
15 and 18 index
15 and 21 /
15 and 28 direct
16 fat 17 mass
17 mass 18 index
19 ( 21 /
21 / 24 2
21 / 26 )
23 ( 24 2
24 2 25 )
28 direct 29 comparison
29 comparison 30 with
30 with 31 bmi

supplementary ( 0 - 2 years ) weight and length measures ( needed for growth curve modelling ) were drawn from subjects ' child health records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 supplementary 6 years
1 supplementary 8 weight
2 ( 6 years
3 0 4 -
4 - 5 2
4 - 6 years
6 years 7 )
8 weight 9 and
9 and 10 length
9 and 11 measures
9 and 20 drawn
11 measures 13 needed
11 measures 19 were
12 ( 13 needed
13 needed 14 for
13 needed 18 )
14 for 17 modelling
15 growth 17 modelling
16 curve 17 modelling
19 were 20 drawn
20 drawn 21 from
21 from 26 records
22 subjects 23 '
23 ' 26 records
24 child 26 records
25 health 26 records

methods : ar was estimated from individually modelled bmi curves from birth to 6.5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ar
2 : 5 estimated
2 : 16 .
3 ar 4 was
4 was 5 estimated
5 estimated 6 from
5 estimated 13 to
6 from 10 curves
7 individually 8 modelled
8 modelled 10 curves
9 bmi 10 curves
10 curves 11 from
11 from 12 birth
13 to 15 years
14 6.5 15 years

results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

the 81 children ( 27 % ) [experiencing] [early] [ar] had higher bmi , fmi , lmi and percent fat at 6.5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 81
2 81 3 children
3 children 6 %
3 children 11 had
4 ( 6 %
5 27 6 %
6 % 7 )
11 had 18 and
11 had 21 at
12 higher 17 lmi
13 bmi 15 fmi
14 , 15 fmi
15 fmi 17 lmi
16 , 17 lmi
17 lmi 18 and
18 and 20 fat
19 percent 20 fat
21 at 23 years
22 6.5 23 years

overall , fmi decreased steeply pre - ar , at - 0.56 ( 0.02 ) [kg/m] ( 2 [ )(per year ( mean [ standard error ] [ )(, then flattened post - ar to 0.07 ( 0.05 ) [kg/m] ( 2 ) per year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 overall 3 fmi
2 , 3 fmi
3 fmi 4 decreased
4 decreased 5 steeply
4 decreased 6 pre
4 decreased 10 at
6 pre 8 ar
7 - 8 ar
8 ar 9 ,
10 at 12 0.56
11 - 12 0.56
12 0.56 14 0.02
12 0.56 18 2
13 ( 14 0.02
14 0.02 15 )
17 ( 18 2
18 2 20 )(per
18 2 32 post
18 2 33 -
20 )(per 21 year
22 ( 32 post
23 mean 26 error
23 mean 29 )(,
23 mean 32 post
24 [ 26 error
25 standard 26 error
26 error 27 ]
30 then 31 flattened
31 flattened 32 post
32 post 33 -
33 - 34 ar
34 ar 35 to
34 ar 44 per
35 to 36 0.07
36 0.07 38 0.05
36 0.07 42 2
37 ( 38 0.05
38 0.05 39 )
41 ( 42 2
42 2 43 )
44 per 45 year

in contrast , lmi increased pre - ar ( 0.34 [ 0.01 ] ) and steepened post - ar ( 0.47 [ 0.03 ] [kg/m] ( 2 [ )(per year ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 lmi
4 lmi 15 and
5 increased 6 pre
5 increased 15 and
6 pre 8 ar
7 - 8 ar
8 ar 10 0.34
8 ar 14 )
9 ( 10 0.34
10 0.34 12 0.01
10 0.34 14 )
11 [ 12 0.01
12 0.01 13 ]
15 and 16 steepened
16 steepened 17 post
17 post 19 ar
17 post 27 2
18 - 19 ar
19 ar 21 0.47
19 ar 24 ]
20 ( 21 0.47
21 0.47 23 0.03
21 0.47 24 ]
22 [ 23 0.03
23 0.03 24 ]
26 ( 27 2
27 2 29 )(per
27 2 31 )
29 )(per 30 year

conclusion : the ['] adiposity rebound ['] [is] characterised by increasing lean mass index [,] coupled with cessation of the decline [in] fat mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 6 rebound
3 the 6 rebound
5 adiposity 6 rebound
6 rebound 9 characterised
6 rebound 17 with
6 rebound 19 of
9 characterised 10 by
9 characterised 16 coupled
10 by 11 increasing
12 lean 14 index
13 mass 14 index
14 index 16 coupled
17 with 18 cessation
19 of 25 index
20 the 25 index
21 decline 25 index
23 fat 24 mass
24 mass 25 index

understanding what controls the dynamics of childhood body composition and mechanisms that delay ar could help prevent obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 understanding 2 what
1 understanding 15 could
2 what 3 controls
3 controls 5 dynamics
4 the 5 dynamics
5 dynamics 6 of
6 of 10 and
7 childhood 9 composition
8 body 9 composition
9 composition 10 and
10 and 11 mechanisms
10 and 12 that
10 and 13 delay
12 that 13 delay
13 delay 14 ar
15 could 16 help
16 help 17 prevent
17 prevent 18 obesity

although antiretroviral therapy for hiv infection prevents aids - related complications and prolongs life , it does not fully restore health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prevents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 although 3 therapy
1 although 6 infection
2 antiretroviral 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 for
4 for 5 hiv
6 infection 7 prevents
7 prevents 8 aids
9 - 12 and
9 - 22 .
10 related 11 complications
10 related 12 and
12 and 15 ,
13 prolongs 14 life
13 prolongs 15 ,
15 , 20 restore
16 it 17 does
17 does 18 not
17 does 20 restore
19 fully 20 restore
20 restore 21 health

long - term treated patients remain at higher than expected risk for a number of complications typically associated with aging , including cardiovascular disease , cancer , osteoporosis , and other end - organ diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
1 long 2 -
1 long 5 patients
3 term 4 treated
4 treated 5 patients
5 patients 6 remain
6 remain 7 at
6 remain 12 for
6 remain 19 with
7 at 11 risk
8 higher 11 risk
9 than 10 expected
10 expected 11 risk
12 for 14 number
13 a 14 number
14 number 15 of
15 of 16 complications
16 complications 18 associated
17 typically 18 associated
19 with 20 aging
20 aging 22 including
21 , 22 including
22 including 24 disease
22 including 25 ,
23 cardiovascular 24 disease
25 , 30 and
25 , 32 end
25 , 33 -
26 cancer 27 ,
27 , 28 osteoporosis
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 other
30 and 32 end
33 - 35 diseases
33 - 36 .
34 organ 35 diseases

the potential effect of hiv on health is perhaps most clearly exhibited by a number of immunologic abnormalities that persist despite effective suppression of hiv [replication] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 effect
2 potential 3 effect
3 effect 4 of
3 effect 6 on
3 effect 8 is
4 of 5 hiv
6 on 7 health
8 is 9 perhaps
8 is 10 most
10 most 12 exhibited
11 clearly 12 exhibited
12 exhibited 13 by
12 exhibited 21 despite
13 by 18 abnormalities
14 a 15 number
15 number 16 of
15 number 18 abnormalities
16 of 18 abnormalities
17 immunologic 18 abnormalities
18 abnormalities 19 that
18 abnormalities 20 persist
19 that 20 persist
21 despite 23 suppression
22 effective 23 suppression
23 suppression 24 of
24 of 25 hiv

these changes are consistent with some of the changes to the adaptive immune system that are seen in the very old ( " immunosenescence " ) and that [are] likely related in part to persistent inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 are
3 are 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
5 with 9 changes
6 some 7 of
6 some 9 changes
7 of 9 changes
8 the 9 changes
9 changes 10 to
9 changes 15 that
9 changes 16 are
10 to 14 system
11 the 14 system
12 adaptive 14 system
13 immune 14 system
15 that 16 are
16 are 17 seen
17 seen 18 in
18 in 21 old
19 the 20 very
19 the 21 old
21 old 24 immunosenescence
22 ( 23 "
22 ( 24 immunosenescence
24 immunosenescence 25 "
24 immunosenescence 26 )
27 and 28 that
27 and 31 related
28 that 31 related
30 likely 31 related
31 related 33 part
32 in 33 part
33 part 34 to
34 to 36 inflammation
35 persistent 36 inflammation

hiv - associated inflammation and immunosenescence have been implicated as causally related to the premature onset of other end [-] organ diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 hiv 2 -
1 hiv 5 and
3 associated 4 inflammation
4 inflammation 5 and
5 and 6 immunosenescence
5 and 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 implicated
9 implicated 10 as
10 as 12 related
11 causally 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 16 onset
14 the 16 onset
15 premature 16 onset
16 onset 17 of
17 of 22 diseases
18 other 22 diseases
19 end 22 diseases
21 organ 22 diseases

novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or reversing these immunologic defects may be necessary if hiv [-] infected patients are to achieve normal life [span] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 novel 3 strategies
2 therapeutic 3 strategies
3 strategies 7 or
4 aimed 5 at
4 aimed 7 or
5 at 6 preventing
7 or 22 achieve
8 reversing 11 defects
8 reversing 12 may
9 these 11 defects
10 immunologic 11 defects
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 necessary
14 necessary 15 if
14 necessary 21 to
15 if 19 patients
15 if 20 are
16 hiv 18 infected
18 infected 19 patients
19 patients 20 are
21 to 22 achieve
22 achieve 24 life
23 normal 24 life

aging is known to be a dominant risk factor in the progression [of] hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 to
3 known 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 9 factor
6 a 7 dominant
6 a 9 factor
7 dominant 9 factor
8 risk 9 factor
9 factor 10 in
10 in 14 hypertension
11 the 14 hypertension
12 progression 14 hypertension

thus , accompanied by an increasing mean age of the population in developed countries , prevention [and] management of [hypertension] in the elderly is a task of pressing urgency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 18 management
2 , 3 accompanied
3 accompanied 4 by
3 accompanied 12 in
3 accompanied 15 ,
3 accompanied 18 management
4 by 8 age
5 an 8 age
6 increasing 8 age
7 mean 8 age
8 age 9 of
9 of 11 population
10 the 11 population
12 in 14 countries
13 developed 14 countries
16 prevention 18 management
18 management 19 of
18 management 24 is
19 of 21 in
21 in 23 elderly
22 the 23 elderly
24 is 26 task
25 a 26 task
26 task 27 of
27 of 28 pressing
28 pressing 29 urgency

age - associated blood pressure elevation is a result of the aging process in organ systems , which play a key role in the regulation of blood pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 elevation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 6 elevation
3 associated 4 blood
4 blood 5 pressure
5 pressure 6 elevation
6 elevation 7 is
7 is 9 result
8 a 9 result
9 result 10 of
9 result 14 in
10 of 13 process
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process
14 in 16 systems
15 organ 16 systems
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 play
18 which 19 play
19 play 22 role
19 play 23 in
20 a 22 role
21 key 22 role
23 in 25 regulation
24 the 25 regulation
25 regulation 26 of
26 of 28 pressure
27 blood 28 pressure

in addition , advanced aging of the cardiovascular system contributes to the presence of a varied phenotype [in] elderly hypertension , [such] as nocturnal hypertension and morning hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 aging
4 advanced 5 aging
5 aging 6 of
5 aging 10 contributes
6 of 9 system
7 the 9 system
8 cardiovascular 9 system
10 contributes 11 to
11 to 13 presence
12 the 13 presence
13 presence 14 of
14 of 26 and
15 a 16 varied
15 a 20 hypertension
16 varied 17 phenotype
17 phenotype 20 hypertension
19 elderly 20 hypertension
20 hypertension 21 ,
21 , 25 hypertension
21 , 26 and
23 as 24 nocturnal
24 nocturnal 25 hypertension
26 and 28 hypertension
27 morning 28 hypertension

therefore , in order to detect [and] treat age - associated [hypertension] appropriately , it is important to assess ambulatory blood pressure monitoring throughout the 24 - h period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 15 it
2 , 3 in
3 in 4 order
3 in 14 ,
3 in 15 it
4 order 5 to
4 order 6 detect
5 to 6 detect
6 detect 9 age
8 treat 9 age
9 age 11 associated
10 - 11 associated
11 associated 13 appropriately
11 associated 14 ,
15 it 16 is
16 is 17 important
17 important 18 to
17 important 23 monitoring
18 to 19 assess
19 assess 22 pressure
20 ambulatory 21 blood
21 blood 22 pressure
22 pressure 23 monitoring
23 monitoring 24 throughout
24 throughout 29 period
25 the 29 period
26 24 27 -
27 - 28 h
27 - 29 period

objective : this study examines working memory ( wm ) in mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 examines
2 : 18 and
2 : 20 's
2 : 25 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 examines
5 examines 7 memory
5 examines 11 in
6 working 7 memory
7 memory 9 wm
8 ( 9 wm
9 wm 10 )
11 in 14 impairment
12 mild 14 impairment
13 cognitive 14 impairment
14 impairment 16 mci
15 ( 16 mci
16 mci 17 )
18 and 19 alzheimer
18 and 20 's
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
21 disease 23 ad
22 ( 23 ad
23 ad 24 )

method : performances [on] sentence span and operation [span] were measured in individuals meeting criteria for mci ( n = 20 ) and ad ( n = 16 ) as well as in healthy older adults ( n = 20 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 span
2 : 7 and
2 : 42 .
3 performances 5 sentence
5 sentence 6 span
7 and 8 operation
7 and 10 were
8 operation 10 were
10 were 11 measured
11 measured 12 in
11 measured 27 =
11 measured 31 well
11 measured 32 as
12 in 23 and
13 individuals 14 meeting
13 individuals 23 and
14 meeting 15 criteria
15 criteria 16 for
16 for 17 mci
17 mci 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 20
20 = 22 )
23 and 24 ad
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 16
27 = 29 )
30 as 31 well
32 as 33 in
33 in 36 adults
34 healthy 36 adults
35 older 36 adults
36 adults 39 =
37 ( 39 =
38 n 39 =
39 = 40 20
39 = 41 )

in addition , the effect of retention [interval] was assessed by manipulating the length of first and last items of trials ( long - short [vs] . short - long ) , as forgetting might contribute to impaired performance in ad [and] mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 effect
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 9 was
6 of 7 retention
9 was 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 by
10 assessed 25 short
11 by 12 manipulating
12 manipulating 17 and
12 manipulating 23 long
13 the 14 length
14 length 15 of
14 length 17 and
15 of 16 first
17 and 19 items
17 and 20 of
18 last 19 items
20 of 21 trials
22 ( 23 long
23 long 24 -
27 . 28 short
28 short 30 long
28 short 33 as
29 - 30 long
30 long 31 )
32 , 33 as
33 as 34 forgetting
33 as 44 .
34 forgetting 35 might
35 might 36 contribute
36 contribute 37 to
36 contribute 40 in
37 to 39 performance
38 impaired 39 performance
40 in 41 ad
41 ad 43 mci

results : results show a group effect [(] [p] < . 001 , η² = . 47 [ )(: in both conditions and for both material types , wm span is lower in ad than in mci ( p < [.] 001 ) , which in turn is lower than in healthy aging ( [p] < [.] 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
2 : 3 results
3 results 4 show
4 show 6 group
4 show 7 effect
4 show 10 <
5 a 6 group
7 effect 10 <
11 . 12 001
11 . 13 ,
11 . 16 .
13 , 14 η²
13 , 15 =
14 η² 15 =
16 . 17 47
16 . 19 )(:
16 . 23 and
17 47 19 )(:
19 )(: 20 in
20 in 22 conditions
21 both 22 conditions
23 and 30 span
24 for 27 types
24 for 28 ,
24 for 30 span
25 both 27 types
26 material 27 types
29 wm 30 span
30 span 31 is
31 is 32 lower
31 is 33 in
31 is 35 than
33 in 34 ad
35 than 36 in
36 in 37 mci
37 mci 40 <
37 mci 45 which
38 ( 40 <
39 p 40 <
40 < 42 001
40 < 43 )
44 , 45 which
45 which 47 turn
45 which 48 is
46 in 47 turn
48 is 49 lower
49 lower 50 than
50 than 51 in
51 in 53 aging
52 healthy 53 aging
53 aging 58 05
54 ( 58 05
56 < 58 05
58 05 60 )(

among persons with mci , those who later showed significant clinical deterioration or progression to ad were more affected by retention [interval] ( p < [.] 05 , η² = . 28 [ )(than were those who remained stable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 η²
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 among 2 persons
1 among 29 η²
2 persons 3 with
2 persons 6 those
3 with 4 mci
5 , 6 those
6 those 7 who
6 those 9 showed
6 those 28 ,
7 who 9 showed
8 later 9 showed
9 showed 13 or
9 showed 19 affected
10 significant 12 deterioration
11 clinical 12 deterioration
12 deterioration 13 or
13 or 14 progression
13 or 15 to
13 or 17 were
15 to 16 ad
17 were 18 more
17 were 19 affected
19 affected 20 by
20 by 21 retention
21 retention 25 <
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 27 05
29 η² 30 =
31 . 32 28
31 . 35 were
31 . 40 .
32 28 35 were
34 )(than 35 were
35 were 36 those
36 those 37 who
36 those 38 remained
37 who 38 remained
38 remained 39 stable

furthermore , deficits in ad are associated with a higher proportion of intrusion errors , particularly those from the current trial ( p < [.] 05 , η² = . 15 [ )(, which could reflect inhibitory processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 deficits
3 deficits 4 in
3 deficits 6 are
4 in 5 ad
6 are 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 proportion
9 a 11 proportion
10 higher 11 proportion
11 proportion 12 of
12 of 14 errors
13 intrusion 14 errors
14 errors 17 those
15 , 16 particularly
15 , 17 those
17 those 18 from
17 those 27 ,
18 from 21 trial
19 the 21 trial
20 current 21 trial
21 trial 24 <
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 26 05
27 , 28 η²
27 , 29 =
28 η² 29 =
30 . 31 15
30 . 33 )(,
30 . 39 .
33 )(, 34 which
33 )(, 36 reflect
34 which 35 could
35 could 36 reflect
36 reflect 38 processes
37 inhibitory 38 processes

conclusions : overall , these results indicate impaired wm in age - related disorders with a gradient between mci and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 6 results
2 : 7 indicate
2 : 13 related
3 overall 4 ,
3 overall 6 results
5 these 6 results
6 results 7 indicate
7 indicate 9 wm
8 impaired 9 wm
9 wm 10 in
10 in 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 20 and
14 disorders 15 with
14 disorders 20 and
15 with 17 gradient
16 a 17 gradient
17 gradient 18 between
18 between 19 mci
20 and 21 ad

retention [interval] increases [deficit] in persons with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 retention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 retention 3 increases
3 increases 5 in
3 increases 7 with
5 in 6 persons
7 with 8 ad

it also shows potential in predicting a negative prognosis in those with mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 it 3 shows
2 also 3 shows
3 shows 4 potential
3 shows 5 in
5 in 6 predicting
6 predicting 9 prognosis
6 predicting 10 in
6 predicting 12 with
7 a 8 negative
7 a 9 prognosis
8 negative 9 prognosis
10 in 11 those
12 with 13 mci

objective : to observe the influence of moxibustion on the cyclin and cellular proliferin of the cerebral cortex in senile mice so as to explore its underlying mechanism in delaying aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 observe
3 to 4 observe
4 observe 6 influence
4 observe 9 on
4 observe 24 to
5 the 6 influence
6 influence 7 of
7 of 8 moxibustion
9 on 12 and
10 the 11 cyclin
11 cyclin 12 and
12 and 14 proliferin
12 and 15 of
13 cellular 14 proliferin
15 of 18 cortex
16 the 18 cortex
17 cerebral 18 cortex
18 cortex 19 in
19 in 21 mice
20 senile 21 mice
22 so 23 as
23 as 24 to
24 to 25 explore
25 explore 28 mechanism
26 its 28 mechanism
27 underlying 28 mechanism
28 mechanism 29 in
28 mechanism 31 aging
29 in 30 delaying

methods : sixty male mice were randomly and equally divided into control , model , moxibustion of " zusanli " ( st 36 ) and " xuanzhong " ( gb 39 , m - st 36 - gb 39 ) , moxibustion of " baihui " ( gv 20 ) and " guanyuan " ( cv 4,m - gv 20 - cov 4 ) ,and medication groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 68 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 sixty
3 sixty 5 mice
3 sixty 6 were
4 male 5 mice
5 mice 6 were
6 were 7 randomly
8 and 51 and
8 and 65 ,and
9 equally 51 and
10 divided 11 into
10 divided 34 -
10 divided 41 ,
10 divided 51 and
11 into 25 and
12 control 13 ,
13 , 14 model
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 moxibustion
15 , 25 and
16 moxibustion 17 of
17 of 18 "
17 of 19 zusanli
19 zusanli 20 "
19 zusanli 22 st
21 ( 22 st
22 st 23 36
22 st 24 )
25 and 26 "
25 and 27 xuanzhong
27 xuanzhong 28 "
27 xuanzhong 30 gb
29 ( 30 gb
30 gb 31 39
30 gb 32 ,
32 , 34 -
33 m 34 -
34 - 35 st
34 - 41 ,
35 st 36 36
35 st 38 gb
37 - 38 gb
38 gb 39 39
38 gb 40 )
42 moxibustion 43 of
42 moxibustion 51 and
43 of 44 "
43 of 45 baihui
45 baihui 46 "
45 baihui 48 gv
47 ( 48 gv
48 gv 49 20
48 gv 50 )
51 and 52 "
51 and 53 guanyuan
51 and 58 -
51 and 59 gv
51 and 62 cov
51 and 65 ,and
53 guanyuan 54 "
53 guanyuan 57 4,m
55 ( 57 4,m
56 cv 57 4,m
57 4,m 58 -
58 - 59 gv
59 gv 60 20
59 gv 61 -
61 - 62 cov
62 cov 63 4
62 cov 64 )
65 ,and 67 groups
66 medication 67 groups

the aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of d - galactose for 42 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 model
2 aging 3 model
3 model 4 was
4 was 5 established
5 established 6 by
6 by 8 injection
7 subcutaneous 8 injection
8 injection 9 of
9 of 10 d
11 - 12 galactose
12 galactose 13 for
13 for 15 days
14 42 15 days

moxibustion was applied to st 36 , gb 39 , gv 20 and cv 4 separately for 3 moxa - cones , once every [other] day for one month . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 moxibustion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 moxibustion 2 was
2 was 3 applied
3 applied 4 to
3 applied 16 separately
3 applied 17 for
3 applied 23 once
3 applied 26 day
3 applied 27 for
4 to 13 and
5 st 6 36
5 st 7 ,
7 , 8 gb
7 , 10 ,
8 gb 9 39
10 , 11 gv
10 , 13 and
11 gv 12 20
13 and 14 cv
14 cv 15 4
17 for 19 moxa
18 3 19 moxa
19 moxa 21 cones
20 - 21 cones
21 cones 22 ,
24 every 26 day
27 for 29 month
28 one 29 month

the expression of cell cycle protein [p] 16 and retinoblastoma ( prb ) , and [c] - fos protein in the cerebral cortex tissue of the senile mice were detected by immunohistochemistry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 9 and
3 of 6 protein
4 cell 6 protein
5 cycle 6 protein
6 protein 8 16
9 and 10 retinoblastoma
9 and 12 prb
11 ( 12 prb
12 prb 13 )
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 -
15 and 19 protein
15 and 30 detected
18 fos 19 protein
19 protein 20 in
19 protein 29 were
20 in 24 tissue
21 the 24 tissue
22 cerebral 23 cortex
23 cortex 24 tissue
24 tissue 25 of
25 of 28 mice
26 the 28 mice
27 senile 28 mice
29 were 30 detected
30 detected 31 by
31 by 32 immunohistochemistry

results : compared with control [group] , the number of p16 immunoreaction ( ir ) positive [neurons] in the cerebral cortex increased significantly in the model group ( p < 0.01 [ )(, [and] those of cortical prb [and] [c] - fos ir - positive neurons decreased considerably in model [group] ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 5 control
4 with 16 positive
5 control 12 immunoreaction
7 , 12 immunoreaction
8 the 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 12 immunoreaction
10 of 12 immunoreaction
11 p16 12 immunoreaction
12 immunoreaction 14 ir
12 immunoreaction 15 )
13 ( 14 ir
14 ir 15 )
16 positive 18 in
16 positive 23 significantly
16 positive 24 in
18 in 21 cortex
19 the 21 cortex
20 cerebral 21 cortex
21 cortex 22 increased
24 in 27 group
25 the 27 group
26 model 27 group
27 group 30 <
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.01
31 0.01 41 -
33 )(, 41 -
35 those 36 of
35 those 41 -
36 of 38 prb
37 cortical 38 prb
41 - 43 ir
42 fos 43 ir
43 ir 46 neurons
44 - 46 neurons
45 positive 46 neurons
46 neurons 47 decreased
46 neurons 57 .
47 decreased 48 considerably
47 decreased 49 in
47 decreased 54 <
49 in 50 model
52 ( 54 <
53 p 54 <
54 < 55 0.01
54 < 56 )

in comparison with the model group , the number of cortical [p] 16 ir - positive neurons reduced significantly in m - st 36 - gb 39 , m - gv 20 - cv 4 and medication groups ( p < 0.01 ) , and those of cortical prb and [c] [-] fos ir - positive neurons increased [remarkably] in m - st 36 - gb 39 , m - gv 20 - cv 4 and medication groups ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 group
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 6 group
2 comparison 3 with
3 with 5 model
4 the 5 model
6 group 15 -
7 , 15 -
8 the 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 15 -
10 of 14 ir
11 cortical 14 ir
13 16 14 ir
15 - 17 neurons
16 positive 17 neurons
17 neurons 18 reduced
18 reduced 19 significantly
18 reduced 20 in
18 reduced 25 -
20 in 21 m
22 - 25 -
23 st 24 36
23 st 25 -
25 - 26 gb
26 gb 27 39
26 gb 29 m
26 gb 33 -
28 , 29 m
29 m 30 -
30 - 33 -
31 gv 32 20
31 gv 33 -
33 - 45 and
34 cv 35 4
34 cv 36 and
36 and 38 groups
36 and 41 <
36 and 45 and
37 medication 38 groups
39 ( 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 42 0.01
41 < 43 )
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 those
46 those 47 of
47 of 54 ir
48 cortical 54 ir
49 prb 50 and
50 and 53 fos
50 and 54 ir
54 ir 57 neurons
54 ir 65 -
55 - 57 neurons
56 positive 57 neurons
57 neurons 58 increased
57 neurons 60 in
57 neurons 62 -
60 in 61 m
62 - 65 -
63 st 64 36
63 st 65 -
65 - 66 gb
66 gb 67 39
66 gb 70 -
66 gb 78 groups
68 , 70 -
69 m 70 -
70 - 71 gv
70 - 73 -
71 gv 72 20
73 - 78 groups
74 cv 75 4
74 cv 76 and
76 and 77 medication
76 and 78 groups
78 groups 81 <
78 groups 85 <
78 groups 88 .
79 ( 81 <
80 p 81 <
81 < 82 0.01
81 < 83 ,
84 p 85 <
85 < 86 0.05
85 < 87 )

no significant differences were found in the aforementioned 3 indexes among m - st 36 - gb 39 , m - gv 20 - cv 4 and medication groups ( p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 no 3 differences
2 significant 3 differences
3 differences 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 in
6 in 10 indexes
7 the 10 indexes
8 aforementioned 10 indexes
9 3 10 indexes
10 indexes 11 among
10 indexes 14 st
10 indexes 17 gb
10 indexes 20 m
11 among 12 m
13 - 14 st
14 st 15 36
14 st 16 -
16 - 17 gb
17 gb 18 39
17 gb 19 ,
19 , 20 m
20 m 21 -
21 - 22 gv
22 gv 23 20
23 20 24 -
24 - 27 and
25 cv 26 4
25 cv 27 and
27 and 29 groups
27 and 32 >
28 medication 29 groups
30 ( 32 >
31 p 32 >
32 > 33 0.05
32 > 34 )

conclusion : moxibustion of st 36 - gb 39 and gv 20 - cv 4 can down - regulate the [p] 16 expression,and up - regulate prb and [c] - fos protein expression in the cerebral cortex of senile mice , which possibly contributes to its effect in delaying aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 moxibustion
2 : 7 -
3 moxibustion 4 of
4 of 5 st
5 st 6 36
7 - 10 and
7 - 13 -
8 gb 9 39
8 gb 10 and
10 and 11 gv
11 gv 12 20
13 - 14 cv
13 - 18 -
14 cv 15 4
14 cv 17 down
15 4 16 can
16 can 17 down
18 - 19 regulate
18 - 25 -
19 regulate 23 expression,and
19 regulate 24 up
20 the 23 expression,and
22 16 23 expression,and
25 - 26 regulate
25 - 28 and
26 regulate 27 prb
28 and 30 -
28 and 31 fos
30 - 31 fos
31 fos 33 expression
31 fos 34 in
32 protein 33 expression
34 in 37 cortex
35 the 37 cortex
36 cerebral 37 cortex
37 cortex 38 of
37 cortex 42 which
38 of 40 mice
39 senile 40 mice
41 , 42 which
42 which 44 contributes
42 which 51 .
43 possibly 44 contributes
44 contributes 45 to
44 contributes 48 in
44 contributes 50 aging
45 to 47 effect
46 its 47 effect
48 in 49 delaying

the national notifiable diseases surveillance system received 8,677 notifications of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in australia from 1 july 2008 to 30 june 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 6 system
2 national 3 notifiable
3 notifiable 4 diseases
4 diseases 5 surveillance
5 surveillance 6 system
6 system 7 received
7 received 9 notifications
7 received 15 in
7 received 23 june
8 8,677 9 notifications
9 notifications 10 of
10 of 11 diseases
11 diseases 12 transmitted
12 transmitted 13 by
13 by 14 mosquitoes
15 in 16 australia
16 australia 17 from
17 from 19 july
18 1 19 july
20 2008 21 to
21 to 22 30
21 to 23 june
23 june 24 2009

the alphaviruses , barmah forest and ross river , [accounted] for 6,574 ( 78 % ) of these notifications during 2008 - 09 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 alphaviruses
2 alphaviruses 3 ,
3 , 5 forest
3 , 6 and
4 barmah 5 forest
6 and 8 river
6 and 9 ,
6 and 11 for
6 and 17 of
7 ross 8 river
11 for 12 6,574
12 6,574 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 78 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 of 19 notifications
18 these 19 notifications
19 notifications 20 during
20 during 22 -
21 2008 22 -
22 - 23 09

there were 1,009 notifications of dengue virus infection locally - acquired in north queensland and 484 notified cases [resulted] from overseas travel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 notifications
2 were 9 locally
2 were 11 acquired
3 1,009 4 notifications
4 notifications 5 of
5 of 8 infection
6 dengue 8 infection
7 virus 8 infection
10 - 11 acquired
11 acquired 12 in
11 acquired 20 from
11 acquired 23 .
12 in 15 and
13 north 14 queensland
14 queensland 15 and
15 and 18 cases
16 484 18 cases
17 notified 18 cases
20 from 22 travel
21 overseas 22 travel

notification rates of dengue virus infection for 2008 - 09 , regardless of where infection was acquired , exceeded the five [-] year mean rate and may be attributed to increased disease activity in the asia - pacific region . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
1 notification 2 rates
2 rates 3 of
2 rates 7 for
2 rates 26 and
3 of 6 infection
4 dengue 5 virus
5 virus 6 infection
7 for 9 -
8 2008 9 -
9 - 10 09
11 , 13 of
12 regardless 13 of
13 of 14 where
13 of 18 ,
13 of 19 exceeded
14 where 15 infection
14 where 17 acquired
15 infection 16 was
16 was 17 acquired
17 acquired 18 ,
19 exceeded 25 rate
19 exceeded 26 and
20 the 25 rate
21 five 23 year
23 year 25 rate
24 mean 25 rate
26 and 27 may
27 may 28 be
28 be 29 attributed
29 attributed 30 to
30 to 33 activity
31 increased 32 disease
32 disease 33 activity
33 activity 34 in
34 in 36 asia
35 the 36 asia
37 - 39 region
37 - 40 .
38 pacific 39 region

north queensland was the site of several outbreaks of locally [-] acquired dengue virus infection involving all 4 serotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 queensland
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 north 2 queensland
2 queensland 3 was
3 was 5 site
4 the 5 site
5 site 6 of
5 site 9 of
6 of 8 outbreaks
7 several 8 outbreaks
9 of 14 virus
10 locally 12 acquired
12 acquired 14 virus
13 dengue 14 virus
14 virus 15 infection
14 virus 19 serotypes
15 infection 16 involving
15 infection 19 serotypes
16 involving 18 4
17 all 18 4

these dengue outbreaks affected several locations with over 1,000 notifications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outbreaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 3 outbreaks
2 dengue 3 outbreaks
3 outbreaks 4 affected
4 affected 6 locations
4 affected 7 with
5 several 6 locations
7 with 10 notifications
8 over 9 1,000
9 1,000 10 notifications

detection of flavivirus seroconversions in sentinel chicken flocks across australia provides an early warning of increased levels of murray valley encephalitis virus and kunjin virus activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 detection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 detection 2 of
1 detection 5 in
1 detection 9 across
1 detection 11 provides
2 of 4 seroconversions
3 flavivirus 4 seroconversions
5 in 8 flocks
6 sentinel 8 flocks
7 chicken 8 flocks
9 across 10 australia
11 provides 14 warning
12 an 13 early
12 an 14 warning
13 early 14 warning
14 warning 15 of
14 warning 18 of
15 of 17 levels
16 increased 17 levels
18 of 23 and
19 murray 20 valley
20 valley 22 virus
21 encephalitis 22 virus
22 virus 23 and
23 and 26 activity
24 kunjin 26 activity
25 virus 26 activity

increased levels of flavivirus activity were detected in western and [northern] australia , which prompted public health action . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 increased 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 were
3 of 5 activity
4 flavivirus 5 activity
6 were 7 detected
7 detected 8 in
8 in 12 australia
9 western 10 and
10 and 12 australia
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 prompted
14 which 15 prompted
15 prompted 18 action
16 public 17 health
17 health 18 action

this action preceded 4 notifications of murray valley encephalitis infections , 2 ( fatal ) cases acquired in the northern territory [and] two in western australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 action
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 preceded
1 this 2 action
2 action 3 preceded
3 preceded 5 notifications
4 4 5 notifications
5 notifications 6 of
6 of 10 infections
7 murray 10 infections
8 valley 10 infections
9 encephalitis 10 infections
10 infections 12 2
11 , 12 2
12 2 16 cases
12 2 27 .
13 ( 16 cases
14 fatal 15 )
14 fatal 16 cases
16 cases 17 acquired
16 cases 18 in
16 cases 24 in
16 cases 27 .
18 in 21 territory
19 the 21 territory
20 northern 21 territory
21 territory 23 two
24 in 26 australia
25 western 26 australia

there were no notifications of locally [-] acquired malaria in australia and 567 notifications of overseas - acquired malaria during 2008 - 09 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 notifications
3 no 4 notifications
4 notifications 5 of
4 notifications 10 in
5 of 9 malaria
6 locally 8 acquired
8 acquired 9 malaria
10 in 12 and
11 australia 12 and
12 and 14 notifications
12 and 15 of
12 and 20 during
13 567 14 notifications
15 of 19 malaria
16 overseas 17 -
16 overseas 19 malaria
18 acquired 19 malaria
20 during 22 -
21 2008 22 -
22 - 23 09

this annual report presents information of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in australia and notified to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 annual
2 annual 3 report
3 report 13 and
4 presents 5 information
4 presents 13 and
5 information 6 of
6 of 7 diseases
7 diseases 8 transmitted
8 transmitted 9 by
8 transmitted 11 in
9 by 10 mosquitoes
11 in 12 australia
13 and 14 notified
13 and 15 to
15 to 21 system
16 the 21 system
17 national 18 notifiable
18 notifiable 19 diseases
19 diseases 20 surveillance
20 surveillance 21 system

none objective : in order to identify vulnerable groups and high risk sectors which are at greater need of basic occupational health services , we performed a questionnaire - based study including , as key informants , different stakeholders and key players in the process of improving health and safety at work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 7 identify
1 none 12 risk
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 in
4 in 5 order
5 order 6 to
5 order 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 10 and
8 vulnerable 9 groups
9 groups 10 and
10 and 11 high
12 risk 13 sectors
12 risk 16 at
13 sectors 14 which
13 sectors 15 are
14 which 15 are
16 at 18 need
17 greater 18 need
18 need 19 of
19 of 23 services
20 basic 22 health
21 occupational 22 health
22 health 23 services
24 , 25 we
24 , 26 performed
24 , 29 -
25 we 26 performed
26 performed 28 questionnaire
27 a 28 questionnaire
29 - 40 and
30 based 31 study
30 based 40 and
31 study 32 including
32 including 34 as
32 including 39 stakeholders
33 , 34 as
34 as 36 informants
34 as 37 ,
35 key 36 informants
38 different 39 stakeholders
40 and 41 key
41 key 42 players
41 key 43 in
41 key 51 at
43 in 45 process
44 the 45 process
45 process 46 of
46 of 47 improving
47 improving 49 and
48 health 49 and
49 and 50 safety
51 at 52 work

methods : the institute of occupational health of macedonia developed an specially designed questionnaire in collaboration with the who regional office for europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 institute
2 : 10 developed
2 : 24 .
3 the 4 institute
4 institute 5 of
4 institute 10 developed
5 of 7 health
6 occupational 7 health
7 health 8 of
8 of 9 macedonia
10 developed 14 questionnaire
10 developed 17 with
10 developed 22 for
11 an 14 questionnaire
12 specially 13 designed
13 designed 14 questionnaire
14 questionnaire 15 in
15 in 16 collaboration
17 with 21 office
18 the 21 office
19 who 20 regional
20 regional 21 office
22 for 23 europe

vulnerable groups/sectors include : unemployed , female workers , workers aged under 18 years , workers aged over 55 years and workers in the informal sector , construction industry , textile industry , agriculture , and the health care workers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vulnerable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 vulnerable 2 groups/sectors
1 vulnerable 3 include
1 vulnerable 4 :
2 groups/sectors 3 include
4 : 16 workers
4 : 23 in
5 unemployed 8 workers
5 unemployed 16 workers
6 , 8 workers
7 female 8 workers
8 workers 10 workers
8 workers 15 ,
9 , 10 workers
10 workers 11 aged
10 workers 15 ,
11 aged 12 under
12 under 14 years
13 18 14 years
16 workers 17 aged
17 aged 18 over
18 over 21 and
19 55 20 years
20 years 21 and
21 and 22 workers
23 in 36 and
24 the 26 sector
25 informal 26 sector
26 sector 27 ,
27 , 29 industry
27 , 30 ,
28 construction 29 industry
30 , 32 industry
30 , 33 ,
31 textile 32 industry
33 , 34 agriculture
33 , 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 40 workers
37 the 40 workers
38 health 40 workers
39 care 40 workers

the likert scale method was used to evaluate most of the questions in the questionnaire , and the study subjects were instructed to give their professional opinion in completing the questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 give
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 method
2 likert 4 method
3 scale 4 method
4 method 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 9 most
8 evaluate 13 in
9 most 10 of
10 of 12 questions
11 the 12 questions
13 in 17 and
14 the 15 questionnaire
15 questionnaire 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 study
17 and 20 subjects
17 and 24 give
18 the 19 study
20 subjects 21 were
21 were 22 instructed
22 instructed 23 to
22 instructed 24 give
23 to 24 give
24 give 26 professional
24 give 27 opinion
24 give 28 in
25 their 26 professional
28 in 29 completing
29 completing 31 questionnaire
30 the 31 questionnaire

results : all examined groups/sectors were judged to have high risk for occupationally related health problems by over 70 % of the responders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 all
2 : 4 examined
2 : 24 .
3 all 4 examined
4 examined 5 groups/sectors
4 examined 9 have
5 groups/sectors 6 were
6 were 7 judged
7 judged 8 to
8 to 9 have
9 have 11 risk
9 have 12 for
10 high 11 risk
12 for 16 problems
13 occupationally 14 related
14 related 15 health
15 health 16 problems
16 problems 17 by
16 problems 21 of
17 by 20 %
18 over 19 70
19 70 20 %
21 of 23 responders
22 the 23 responders

aging workers and workers in agriculture and in the construction industry were judged to have the highest risk for such problems , as well as low health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 workers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
1 aging 2 workers
3 and 4 workers
3 and 13 judged
4 workers 7 and
4 workers 12 were
5 in 6 agriculture
5 in 7 and
7 and 8 in
8 in 11 industry
9 the 11 industry
10 construction 11 industry
12 were 13 judged
13 judged 14 to
13 judged 19 for
13 judged 23 as
14 to 15 have
15 have 18 risk
16 the 17 highest
16 the 18 risk
19 for 21 problems
20 such 21 problems
22 , 23 as
23 as 28 status
23 as 29 .
24 well 28 status
25 as 26 low
26 low 27 health
27 health 28 status

all examined groups/sectors were judged to have good availability of primary health care services , while agriculture , unemployed , the informal sector and young workers were judged as having poor availability of occupational health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 all 2 examined
2 examined 3 groups/sectors
2 examined 5 judged
3 groups/sectors 4 were
4 were 5 judged
5 judged 6 to
6 to 7 have
7 have 9 availability
8 good 9 availability
9 availability 10 of
10 of 12 health
11 primary 12 health
12 health 13 care
12 health 14 services
13 care 14 services
15 , 24 and
15 , 28 judged
16 while 17 agriculture
16 while 18 ,
16 while 24 and
19 unemployed 20 ,
20 , 23 sector
20 , 24 and
21 the 23 sector
22 informal 23 sector
24 and 26 workers
24 and 27 were
25 young 26 workers
27 were 28 judged
28 judged 29 as
29 as 32 availability
30 having 32 availability
31 poor 32 availability
32 availability 33 of
33 of 36 services
34 occupational 35 health
35 health 36 services

conclusion : the provision of basic occupational health services ( bohs ) incorporated in the framework of primary health care via the public health approach was judged as a good conceptfor macedonia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 provision
2 : 27 judged
3 the 4 provision
4 provision 5 of
4 provision 13 incorporated
4 provision 17 of
4 provision 27 judged
5 of 11 bohs
6 basic 7 occupational
7 occupational 8 health
8 health 9 services
9 services 11 bohs
10 ( 11 bohs
11 bohs 12 )
13 incorporated 14 in
14 in 16 framework
15 the 16 framework
17 of 19 health
18 primary 19 health
19 health 20 care
19 health 26 was
20 care 21 via
20 care 26 was
21 via 25 approach
22 the 25 approach
23 public 24 health
24 health 25 approach
27 judged 28 as
27 judged 32 macedonia
28 as 31 conceptfor
29 a 31 conceptfor
30 good 31 conceptfor

canada 's population is aging , and seniors constitute the fastest growing demographic in the nation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 canada 2 's
2 's 3 population
3 population 4 is
4 is 5 aging
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 seniors
7 and 9 constitute
8 seniors 9 constitute
9 constitute 11 fastest
10 the 11 fastest
11 fastest 12 growing
12 growing 13 demographic
13 demographic 14 in
14 in 16 nation
15 the 16 nation

the chronic health conditions , limited social support , functional decline , and cognitive impairment experienced by seniors may necessitate admission to a personal care home ( pch ) setting up until the time of their death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 necessitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 4 conditions
2 chronic 4 conditions
3 health 4 conditions
4 conditions 5 ,
5 , 8 support
5 , 9 ,
6 limited 8 support
7 social 8 support
9 , 11 decline
9 , 13 and
10 functional 11 decline
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 impairment
13 and 16 experienced
13 and 19 may
14 cognitive 15 impairment
16 experienced 17 by
17 by 18 seniors
19 may 20 necessitate
20 necessitate 21 admission
20 necessitate 31 up
20 necessitate 32 until
21 admission 22 to
21 admission 30 setting
22 to 26 home
23 a 24 personal
23 a 26 home
24 personal 25 care
25 care 26 home
26 home 28 pch
27 ( 28 pch
28 pch 29 )
32 until 34 time
33 the 34 time
34 time 35 of
35 of 37 death
36 their 37 death

the ethical problems that arise in the care of dying patients are numerous and complicated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 problems
2 ethical 3 problems
3 problems 4 that
3 problems 5 arise
3 problems 12 are
4 that 5 arise
5 arise 6 in
6 in 8 care
7 the 8 care
8 care 9 of
9 of 11 patients
10 dying 11 patients
12 are 14 and
13 numerous 14 and
14 and 15 complicated

the care of dying seniors in pchs , however , is largely provided by frontline workers such as healthcare aides ( hcas ) , who usually have little training in palliative care or ethics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 care
2 care 3 of
2 care 11 is
3 of 5 seniors
4 dying 5 seniors
5 seniors 6 in
6 in 7 pchs
8 , 9 however
9 however 10 ,
9 however 11 is
11 is 13 provided
12 largely 13 provided
13 provided 14 by
14 by 16 workers
15 frontline 16 workers
16 workers 18 as
17 such 18 as
18 as 20 aides
19 healthcare 20 aides
20 aides 22 hcas
21 ( 22 hcas
22 hcas 23 )
24 , 25 who
24 , 27 have
25 who 27 have
26 usually 27 have
27 have 29 training
27 have 30 in
28 little 29 training
30 in 33 or
31 palliative 32 care
32 care 33 or
33 or 34 ethics

research examining the identification and resolution of ethical problems in care of the dying has been conducted from the perspectives of nurses and physicians in various clinical settings , but the voice of hcas in pchs is virtually absent from clinical ethics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 research 2 examining
1 research 12 of
1 research 15 has
2 examining 5 and
2 examining 10 in
3 the 5 and
4 identification 5 and
5 and 6 resolution
5 and 7 of
7 of 9 problems
8 ethical 9 problems
10 in 11 care
12 of 14 dying
13 the 14 dying
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 conducted
17 conducted 18 from
17 conducted 25 in
18 from 20 perspectives
19 the 20 perspectives
20 perspectives 21 of
21 of 23 and
22 nurses 23 and
23 and 24 physicians
25 in 28 settings
26 various 28 settings
27 clinical 28 settings
29 , 30 but
30 but 32 voice
30 but 37 is
31 the 32 voice
32 voice 33 of
32 voice 37 is
33 of 34 hcas
34 hcas 35 in
35 in 36 pchs
37 is 39 absent
38 virtually 39 absent
39 absent 40 from
40 from 42 ethics
41 clinical 42 ethics

given that the inability to satisfactorily resolve ethical issues in clinical practice is associated with feelings of guilt , powerlessness , avoiding contact with patients , failing to provide good physical care , and increased staff turnover , an empirical examination of hcas ' experiences of ethically challenging situations is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 given 2 that
1 given 13 is
1 given 15 with
3 the 4 inability
4 inability 5 to
4 inability 7 resolve
4 inability 13 is
5 to 7 resolve
6 satisfactorily 7 resolve
7 resolve 9 issues
7 resolve 10 in
8 ethical 9 issues
10 in 12 practice
11 clinical 12 practice
13 is 14 associated
15 with 16 feelings
15 with 27 failing
16 feelings 17 of
16 feelings 20 powerlessness
16 feelings 23 contact
17 of 18 guilt
19 , 20 powerlessness
20 powerlessness 21 ,
21 , 23 contact
22 avoiding 23 contact
23 contact 24 with
23 contact 26 ,
24 with 25 patients
27 failing 28 to
28 to 29 provide
29 provide 34 and
30 good 32 care
31 physical 32 care
32 care 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 37 turnover
35 increased 36 staff
36 staff 37 turnover
38 , 41 examination
38 , 51 warranted
39 an 41 examination
40 empirical 41 examination
41 examination 42 of
41 examination 50 is
42 of 45 experiences
43 hcas 44 '
44 ' 45 experiences
45 experiences 46 of
46 of 48 challenging
47 ethically 48 challenging
48 challenging 49 situations
50 is 51 warranted

the findings reported here explicate [:] [(] [1] [ )(the types of situations that are ethically problematic for hcas [;] [(] 2 [ )(the meanings [they] assign to these situations , and [(] 3 [ )( impact such situations have on the provision of end - of [-] life care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explicate
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 reported
2 findings 5 explicate
3 reported 4 here
5 explicate 13 situations
10 )(the 11 types
11 types 12 of
11 types 13 situations
12 of 13 situations
13 situations 14 that
13 situations 15 are
14 that 15 are
15 are 17 problematic
16 ethically 17 problematic
17 problematic 18 for
17 problematic 28 to
18 for 19 hcas
19 hcas 22 2
19 hcas 25 meanings
19 hcas 27 assign
24 )(the 25 meanings
25 meanings 27 assign
28 to 32 and
29 these 30 situations
30 situations 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 37 impact
32 and 39 situations
32 and 40 have
34 3 37 impact
38 such 39 situations
39 situations 40 have
40 have 41 on
41 on 43 provision
42 the 43 provision
43 provision 44 of
44 of 45 end
45 end 47 of
46 - 47 of
47 of 50 care
47 of 51 .
49 life 50 care

[none] none advanced parkinson 's disease patients require for their care the participation of a multidisciplinary team . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 none 3 advanced
3 advanced 4 parkinson
4 parkinson 5 's
5 's 7 patients
6 disease 7 patients
7 patients 8 require
8 require 9 for
8 require 13 participation
8 require 17 team
9 for 11 care
10 their 11 care
12 the 13 participation
13 participation 14 of
14 of 16 multidisciplinary
15 a 16 multidisciplinary

particularly in the late stages of the disease , motor complications due [both] to medication and to progression of the disease , together with [non] [-] motor complications , add to the complexity of their management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 particularly 11 complications
2 in 5 stages
2 in 9 ,
2 in 11 complications
3 the 5 stages
4 late 5 stages
5 stages 6 of
6 of 8 disease
7 the 8 disease
10 motor 11 complications
11 complications 16 and
11 complications 19 of
11 complications 30 add
12 due 14 to
14 to 15 medication
14 to 16 and
16 and 17 to
17 to 18 progression
19 of 21 disease
20 the 21 disease
21 disease 24 with
22 , 24 with
23 together 24 with
24 with 28 complications
24 with 29 ,
27 motor 28 complications
30 add 31 to
31 to 33 complexity
32 the 33 complexity
33 complexity 34 of
34 of 36 management
35 their 36 management

increasing age of the population will increase the incidence and the prevalence of the disease , with more patients reaching an advanced age and a more advanced stage of the disease , thus creating a public health problem for which we have to be prepared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 increasing 2 age
2 age 3 of
2 age 6 will
3 of 5 population
4 the 5 population
6 will 7 increase
7 increase 10 and
8 the 9 incidence
9 incidence 10 and
10 and 12 prevalence
10 and 17 with
11 the 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 of
13 of 15 disease
14 the 15 disease
16 , 17 with
17 with 24 and
17 with 32 ,
18 more 19 patients
19 patients 20 reaching
19 patients 24 and
20 reaching 23 age
21 an 22 advanced
21 an 23 age
22 advanced 23 age
24 and 28 stage
25 a 28 stage
26 more 27 advanced
27 advanced 28 stage
28 stage 29 of
29 of 31 disease
30 the 31 disease
32 , 34 creating
32 , 45 prepared
33 thus 34 creating
34 creating 38 problem
34 creating 45 prepared
35 a 38 problem
36 public 38 problem
37 health 38 problem
38 problem 39 for
39 for 40 which
39 for 41 we
39 for 42 have
41 we 42 have
42 have 43 to
42 have 44 be
43 to 44 be

hip [fracture] is one of the most common orthopedic conditions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 hip 11 and
3 is 4 one
3 is 11 and
4 one 5 of
5 of 10 conditions
6 the 7 most
7 most 10 conditions
8 common 10 conditions
9 orthopedic 10 conditions
11 and 12 is
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 17 and
15 significant 16 morbidity
16 morbidity 17 and
17 and 18 mortality

with a progressively aging population , the annual incidence [of] hip fracture is expected to increase substantially . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 fracture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 with 5 population
1 with 6 ,
1 with 12 fracture
2 a 5 population
3 progressively 4 aging
4 aging 5 population
7 the 12 fracture
8 annual 9 incidence
9 incidence 12 fracture
11 hip 12 fracture
12 fracture 13 is
13 is 14 expected
14 expected 15 to
14 expected 16 increase
15 to 16 increase
16 increase 17 substantially

emerging evidence suggests that early surgery ( < 24 h ) minimizes complications secondary to immobilization , including orthostatic pneumonia and venous thromboembolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 emerging 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 5 early
3 suggests 6 surgery
3 suggests 12 minimizes
4 that 5 early
6 surgery 10 h
6 surgery 12 minimizes
7 ( 10 h
8 < 9 24
9 24 10 h
10 h 11 )
12 minimizes 13 complications
13 complications 14 secondary
14 secondary 15 to
15 to 16 immobilization
17 , 21 and
18 including 20 pneumonia
19 orthostatic 20 pneumonia
20 pneumonia 21 and
21 and 23 thromboembolism
22 venous 23 thromboembolism

delayed surgical repair ( >48 [h] ) has been consistently demonstrated to be associated with an increased risk of 30 - day and 1 [-] year mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 repair
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 delayed 3 repair
2 surgical 3 repair
3 repair 5 >48
3 repair 8 has
4 ( 5 >48
5 >48 7 )
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 consistently
9 been 11 demonstrated
11 demonstrated 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 risk
16 an 18 risk
17 increased 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 20 30
21 - 23 and
21 - 28 .
22 day 23 and
23 and 27 mortality
24 1 26 year
26 year 27 mortality

nonetheless , early surgery necessitates a shorter time for preoperative medical preparation , in particular cardiac assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 surgery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 necessitates
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 4 surgery
3 early 4 surgery
4 surgery 5 necessitates
5 necessitates 8 time
6 a 8 time
7 shorter 8 time
8 time 9 for
9 for 12 preparation
10 preoperative 12 preparation
11 medical 12 preparation
12 preparation 14 in
13 , 14 in
14 in 17 assessment
14 in 18 .
15 particular 17 assessment
16 cardiac 17 assessment

patients who undergo emergent orthopedic surgery are therefore at greater risk of perioperative cardiac events than those who undergo elective surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 patients 2 who
1 patients 3 undergo
1 patients 7 are
2 who 3 undergo
3 undergo 6 surgery
4 emergent 6 surgery
5 orthopedic 6 surgery
7 are 8 therefore
7 are 9 at
7 are 16 than
9 at 11 risk
10 greater 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
12 of 15 events
13 perioperative 15 events
14 cardiac 15 events
16 than 17 those
17 those 18 who
17 those 19 undergo
18 who 19 undergo
19 undergo 21 surgery
20 elective 21 surgery

in addition , the prompt [triage] system for preoperative cardiac assessment not only identifies patients at high risk of perioperative cardiac complications but also reduces unnecessary cardiac consultations for low - risk patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 system
4 the 7 system
5 prompt 7 system
7 system 8 for
7 system 24 also
8 for 11 assessment
9 preoperative 11 assessment
10 cardiac 11 assessment
12 not 13 only
13 only 24 also
14 identifies 15 patients
14 identifies 16 at
14 identifies 24 also
16 at 18 risk
17 high 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 22 complications
20 perioperative 22 complications
21 cardiac 22 complications
23 but 24 also
24 also 25 reduces
25 reduces 28 consultations
26 unnecessary 28 consultations
27 cardiac 28 consultations
28 consultations 29 for
29 for 33 patients
30 low 31 -
30 low 33 patients
32 risk 33 patients

we review the current recommendations for preoperative cardiac assessment adapted for patients with hip [fracture] and [describe] our current [triage] system for preoperative cardiac consultation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 5 recommendations
2 review 11 for
2 review 22 for
3 the 5 recommendations
4 current 5 recommendations
5 recommendations 6 for
6 for 9 assessment
7 preoperative 9 assessment
8 cardiac 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 adapted
11 for 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
13 with 16 and
14 hip 16 and
16 and 21 system
18 our 21 system
19 current 21 system
22 for 25 consultation
23 preoperative 25 consultation
24 cardiac 25 consultation

low - energy fragility fractures account for >80 [%] of fractures in elderly patients , and with aging populations , geriatric fracture surgery makes up a substantial proportion of the orthopedic workload . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 low 2 -
1 low 3 energy
3 energy 4 fragility
4 fragility 5 fractures
5 fractures 6 account
6 account 7 for
6 account 16 and
7 for 8 >80
8 >80 10 of
10 of 11 fractures
12 in 14 patients
12 in 16 and
13 elderly 14 patients
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 with
17 with 19 populations
18 aging 19 populations
20 , 23 surgery
20 , 24 makes
21 geriatric 22 fracture
22 fracture 23 surgery
23 surgery 24 makes
24 makes 25 up
24 makes 28 proportion
26 a 27 substantial
26 a 28 proportion
27 substantial 28 proportion
28 proportion 29 of
29 of 32 workload
30 the 32 workload
31 orthopedic 32 workload

elderly patients have markedly less physiologic reserve than do younger patients , and comorbidity is common . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 elderly 2 patients
2 patients 3 have
3 have 7 reserve
3 have 8 than
4 markedly 5 less
5 less 6 physiologic
6 physiologic 7 reserve
8 than 9 do
9 do 11 patients
10 younger 11 patients
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 comorbidity
13 and 15 is
14 comorbidity 15 is
15 is 16 common

even with optimal care , the risk of mortality and morbidity remains high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 even 2 with
1 even 5 ,
1 even 7 risk
2 with 4 care
3 optimal 4 care
6 the 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
7 risk 12 remains
8 of 10 and
9 mortality 10 and
10 and 11 morbidity
12 remains 13 high

multidisciplinary care , including early orthogeriatric input , is recommended to anticipate [and] treat complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 multidisciplinary 2 care
2 care 4 including
2 care 9 is
3 , 4 including
4 including 7 input
4 including 8 ,
5 early 7 input
6 orthogeriatric 7 input
9 is 10 recommended
10 recommended 11 to
11 to 12 anticipate
12 anticipate 15 complications
14 treat 15 complications

this article explores modern treatment strategies for this challenging group of patients and provides guidance for systematically preparing and optimizing elderly patients before surgery , based on best available current evidence and recommendations by relevant health organizations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 13 and
2 article 19 and
3 explores 6 strategies
3 explores 7 for
3 explores 13 and
4 modern 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 strategies
7 for 12 patients
8 this 10 group
9 challenging 10 group
10 group 11 of
10 group 12 patients
11 of 12 patients
13 and 14 provides
13 and 16 for
14 provides 15 guidance
16 for 18 preparing
17 systematically 18 preparing
19 and 22 patients
19 and 25 ,
19 and 26 based
19 and 27 on
19 and 32 and
20 optimizing 22 patients
21 elderly 22 patients
22 patients 23 before
23 before 24 surgery
27 on 31 evidence
28 best 29 available
29 available 30 current
30 current 31 evidence
32 and 33 recommendations
32 and 34 by
34 by 37 organizations
35 relevant 36 health
36 health 37 organizations

parkinson 's disease , like many common age - related conditions , is now recognized to have a substantial genetic component . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 parkinson 2 's
2 's 3 disease
4 , 8 age
4 , 15 recognized
5 like 6 many
5 like 8 age
7 common 8 age
8 age 13 is
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 conditions
10 related 12 ,
10 related 13 is
13 is 15 recognized
14 now 15 recognized
15 recognized 16 to
16 to 17 have
17 have 21 component
18 a 19 substantial
18 a 21 component
19 substantial 21 component
20 genetic 21 component

here , i discuss how mutations in a large complex gene -- leucine - rich repeat kinase 2 ( lrrk2 ) -- affect protein [function] , and i review recent evidence that lrrk2 mutations affect pathways that involve other proteins that have been implicated in parkinson 's disease , specifically α - synuclein and tau . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 discuss
4 discuss 5 how
5 how 6 mutations
5 how 23 affect
6 mutations 7 in
6 mutations 13 leucine
6 mutations 17 kinase
6 mutations 23 affect
7 in 11 gene
8 a 11 gene
9 large 10 complex
10 complex 11 gene
12 -- 13 leucine
13 leucine 14 -
14 - 17 kinase
15 rich 16 repeat
16 repeat 17 kinase
17 kinase 18 2
17 kinase 20 lrrk2
17 kinase 22 --
19 ( 20 lrrk2
20 lrrk2 21 )
23 affect 24 protein
26 , 27 and
26 , 47 's
27 and 28 i
27 and 29 review
28 i 29 review
29 review 31 evidence
30 recent 31 evidence
32 that 34 mutations
32 that 35 affect
32 that 47 's
33 lrrk2 34 mutations
34 mutations 35 affect
35 affect 36 pathways
36 pathways 37 that
36 pathways 38 involve
37 that 38 involve
38 involve 40 proteins
39 other 40 proteins
40 proteins 41 that
40 proteins 42 have
41 that 42 have
42 have 43 been
43 been 44 implicated
44 implicated 45 in
45 in 46 parkinson
47 's 54 and
48 disease 49 ,
49 , 53 synuclein
49 , 54 and
50 specifically 51 α
51 α 52 -
51 α 53 synuclein
54 and 55 tau

these concepts can be used to understand disease processes and to develop therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of parkinson 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concepts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 concepts
2 concepts 10 and
3 can 4 be
3 can 10 and
4 be 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 understand
6 to 7 understand
7 understand 9 processes
8 disease 9 processes
10 and 11 to
10 and 12 develop
11 to 12 develop
12 develop 14 opportunities
12 develop 15 for
13 therapeutic 14 opportunities
15 for 17 treatment
16 the 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 of
18 of 21 disease
19 parkinson 20 's
20 's 21 disease

background : administration of caffeine or caffeinated coffee [in] laboratory and ambulatory settings results in small [to] moderate acute increases in blood pressure ( bp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 administration
2 : 14 results
3 administration 4 of
3 administration 14 results
4 of 11 and
5 caffeine 6 or
6 or 10 laboratory
6 or 11 and
7 caffeinated 10 laboratory
8 coffee 10 laboratory
11 and 13 settings
12 ambulatory 13 settings
14 results 15 in
15 in 20 increases
16 small 20 increases
18 moderate 20 increases
19 acute 20 increases
20 increases 21 in
20 increases 25 bp
21 in 23 pressure
22 blood 23 pressure
24 ( 25 bp
25 bp 26 )

however , habitual coffee intake has not been linked conclusively to long - term increases in basal bp , and findings are inconsistent by sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 intake
3 habitual 4 coffee
4 coffee 5 intake
5 intake 6 has
6 has 7 not
6 has 8 been
8 been 9 linked
9 linked 10 conclusively
9 linked 11 to
9 linked 16 in
11 to 15 increases
12 long 13 -
12 long 14 term
14 term 15 increases
16 in 18 bp
17 basal 18 bp
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 findings
20 and 22 are
21 findings 22 are
22 are 23 inconsistent
23 inconsistent 24 by
24 by 25 sex

this study examined longitudinal relations of habitual coffee use to resting bp and pulse pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 relations
3 examined 13 and
4 longitudinal 5 relations
5 relations 6 of
5 relations 13 and
6 of 8 coffee
7 habitual 8 coffee
9 use 10 to
9 use 12 bp
9 use 13 and
10 to 11 resting
13 and 14 pulse
13 and 15 pressure

analyses were stratified by sex ( 865 women and 1,577 men ) , and age and bmi were examined as possible effect modifiers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stratified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 analyses 2 were
2 were 3 stratified
3 stratified 4 by
4 by 5 sex
5 sex 9 and
6 ( 9 and
7 865 8 women
8 women 9 and
9 and 11 men
9 and 12 )
10 1,577 11 men
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 and
14 and 19 examined
15 age 16 and
16 and 17 bmi
16 and 18 were
18 were 19 examined
19 examined 20 as
20 as 23 modifiers
21 possible 23 modifiers
22 effect 23 modifiers

a significant interaction of coffee intake and bmi ( nonlinear ) [was] also noted [for] sbp in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 interaction
2 significant 3 interaction
3 interaction 4 of
3 interaction 7 and
4 of 6 intake
5 coffee 6 intake
7 and 8 bmi
8 bmi 16 sbp
9 ( 16 sbp
10 nonlinear 11 )
10 nonlinear 16 sbp
13 also 14 noted
14 noted 16 sbp
16 sbp 17 in
16 sbp 19 .
17 in 18 men

there were no significant relations of coffee intake to bp or pulse pressure in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 relations
3 no 5 relations
4 significant 5 relations
5 relations 6 of
6 of 11 or
7 coffee 8 intake
8 intake 9 to
8 intake 11 or
9 to 10 bp
11 or 13 pressure
11 or 14 in
12 pulse 13 pressure
14 in 15 women

conclusion : greater coffee intake in men was associated with steeper age - related increases in sbp and pulse pressure , particularly beyond 70 years of age and in overweight [to] obese men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 intake
2 : 9 associated
2 : 14 related
3 greater 4 coffee
4 coffee 5 intake
5 intake 6 in
5 intake 8 was
6 in 7 men
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 age
11 steeper 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 increases
14 related 16 in
14 related 22 particularly
14 related 34 .
16 in 18 and
17 sbp 18 and
18 and 20 pressure
18 and 21 ,
19 pulse 20 pressure
22 particularly 28 and
23 beyond 25 years
23 beyond 28 and
24 70 25 years
25 years 26 of
26 of 27 age
28 and 29 in
29 in 33 men
30 overweight 33 men
32 obese 33 men

none background : [this] study looked at clinical and histological outcomes of patients treated with integra more than 2 years earlier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 looked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 5 study
1 none 6 looked
2 background 3 :
3 : 5 study
6 looked 7 at
6 looked 15 with
6 looked 17 more
6 looked 18 than
7 at 11 outcomes
8 clinical 9 and
9 and 10 histological
9 and 11 outcomes
11 outcomes 12 of
12 of 13 patients
13 patients 14 treated
15 with 16 integra
18 than 20 years
19 2 20 years
20 years 21 earlier

although previous studies have investigated the short - term clinical and histological results , there have been no studies to investigate longer - term changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 although 3 studies
1 although 5 investigated
1 although 8 -
1 although 9 term
2 previous 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 short
6 the 7 short
9 term 13 results
10 clinical 11 and
11 and 12 histological
11 and 13 results
14 , 15 there
14 , 17 been
15 there 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 19 studies
17 been 20 to
18 no 19 studies
20 to 21 investigate
21 investigate 25 changes
22 longer 23 -
22 longer 24 term
24 term 25 changes

methods : fourteen patients ( 23 sites ) were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 10 assessed
2 : 11 .
3 fourteen 4 patients
4 patients 7 sites
4 patients 9 were
5 ( 7 sites
6 23 7 sites
7 sites 8 )
9 were 10 assessed

patients used a visual analogue scale to score characteristics of their scars . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 patients 2 used
2 used 6 scale
2 used 7 to
2 used 8 score
3 a 4 visual
3 a 6 scale
4 visual 5 analogue
5 analogue 6 scale
7 to 8 score
8 score 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 of
10 of 12 scars
11 their 12 scars

objective [evaluation] of the reconstructions was carried out using the cutometer mpa580 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 objective 3 of
1 objective 6 was
3 of 5 reconstructions
4 the 5 reconstructions
6 was 7 carried
7 carried 8 out
7 carried 9 using
9 using 12 mpa580
10 the 12 mpa580
11 cutometer 12 mpa580

punch biopsy specimens of the sites were stained and labeled immunohistochemically with s100 , cd31 , and cd34 antisera . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 biopsy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 punch 2 biopsy
2 biopsy 3 specimens
3 specimens 4 of
4 of 6 sites
5 the 6 sites
6 sites 9 and
7 were 8 stained
7 were 9 and
9 and 10 labeled
9 and 11 immunohistochemically
9 and 12 with
12 with 13 s100
14 , 17 and
14 , 19 antisera
15 cd31 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 cd34
17 and 19 antisera

results : the highest scoring category by patients was softness ( median , +45 percent ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 category
2 : 9 was
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 highest
3 the 6 category
5 scoring 6 category
6 category 7 by
6 category 9 was
7 by 8 patients
9 was 10 softness
10 softness 15 percent
11 ( 15 percent
12 median 13 ,
12 median 15 percent
14 +45 15 percent
15 percent 16 )

the lowest score was sweating , which [all] patients scored 0 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 lowest
1 the 3 score
3 score 4 was
4 was 5 sweating
6 , 7 which
6 , 10 scored
7 which 9 patients
9 patients 10 scored
10 scored 11 0

the median cutometer readings ranged from 39 to 52 percent of the control values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 readings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 readings
2 median 4 readings
3 cutometer 4 readings
4 readings 5 ranged
5 ranged 6 from
6 from 10 percent
7 39 8 to
8 to 9 52
8 to 10 percent
10 percent 11 of
11 of 14 values
12 the 14 values
13 control 14 values

histological examination showed three patterns of collagen arrangement ; parallel arrangement was found in over 60 percent of specimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 histological 2 examination
2 examination 3 showed
3 showed 5 patterns
3 showed 8 arrangement
4 three 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 of
6 of 7 collagen
9 ; 11 arrangement
9 ; 13 found
10 parallel 11 arrangement
11 arrangement 12 was
12 was 13 found
13 found 14 in
13 found 15 over
15 over 17 percent
16 60 17 percent
17 percent 18 of
18 of 19 specimens

elastic fibers were identified in all specimens ; however , all were of abnormal morphology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fibers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 elastic 2 fibers
2 fibers 3 were
3 were 4 identified
4 identified 5 in
5 in 7 specimens
6 all 7 specimens
8 ; 11 all
8 ; 12 were
9 however 10 ,
9 however 11 all
11 all 12 were
12 were 13 of
13 of 15 morphology
14 abnormal 15 morphology

the majority of specimens showed evidence of nerve fiber regeneration [although] confined to the mid - or lower reticular dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 4 specimens
3 of 4 specimens
4 specimens 5 showed
5 showed 6 evidence
5 showed 10 regeneration
6 evidence 7 of
7 of 8 nerve
9 fiber 10 regeneration
10 regeneration 12 confined
12 confined 13 to
13 to 20 dermis
14 the 15 mid
15 mid 17 or
16 - 17 or
17 or 18 lower
17 or 20 dermis
19 reticular 20 dermis

there was no regeneration of skin adnexa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 regeneration
3 no 4 regeneration
4 regeneration 5 of
5 of 7 adnexa
6 skin 7 adnexa

conclusions : this study showed significant improvements in patient - assessed mobility , softness , and appearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 showed
2 : 18 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 showed
5 showed 7 improvements
5 showed 8 in
6 significant 7 improvements
8 in 16 and
9 patient 10 -
9 patient 12 mobility
11 assessed 12 mobility
12 mobility 13 ,
13 , 14 softness
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 appearance

collagen and elastic fibrin were present in all specimens , nerve fiber regeneration was limited to the mid - or lower reticular dermis , and adnexal structures were absent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 collagen 2 and
2 and 4 fibrin
2 and 5 were
3 elastic 4 fibrin
5 were 6 present
6 present 7 in
7 in 9 specimens
8 all 9 specimens
10 , 13 regeneration
10 , 14 was
10 , 25 and
11 nerve 13 regeneration
12 fiber 13 regeneration
13 regeneration 14 was
14 was 15 limited
15 limited 16 to
16 to 23 dermis
17 the 23 dermis
18 mid 20 or
19 - 20 or
20 or 21 lower
20 or 23 dermis
22 reticular 23 dermis
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 structures
25 and 28 were
26 adnexal 27 structures
27 structures 28 were
28 were 29 absent

the typical wrinkled appearance of mature integra reconstruction cannot be said to be entirely due to a lack of elastic fibers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 appearance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 said
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 appearance
2 typical 4 appearance
3 wrinkled 4 appearance
4 appearance 5 of
4 appearance 9 cannot
5 of 8 reconstruction
6 mature 8 reconstruction
7 integra 8 reconstruction
9 cannot 10 be
10 be 11 said
11 said 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 entirely
13 be 15 due
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 lack
17 a 18 lack
18 lack 19 of
19 of 21 fibers
20 elastic 21 fibers

endogenous heat shock proteins ( hsp ) are decreased in disease states associated with insulin resistance and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 endogenous 2 heat
2 heat 4 proteins
2 heat 8 are
2 heat 9 decreased
3 shock 4 proteins
4 proteins 6 hsp
4 proteins 8 are
5 ( 6 hsp
6 hsp 7 )
9 decreased 10 in
10 in 17 and
11 disease 12 states
12 states 13 associated
12 states 17 and
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 resistance
15 insulin 16 resistance
17 and 18 aging

induction of hsps has been shown to decrease oxidative stress , inhibit inflammatory pathways , and enhance metabolic characteristics in skeletal muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 induction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 induction 2 of
1 induction 4 has
2 of 3 hsps
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
7 to 11 ,
8 decrease 10 stress
8 decrease 11 ,
9 oxidative 10 stress
11 , 16 and
12 inhibit 14 pathways
12 inhibit 16 and
13 inflammatory 14 pathways
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 enhance
17 enhance 19 characteristics
17 enhance 20 in
18 metabolic 19 characteristics
20 in 22 muscle
21 skeletal 22 muscle

as such [,] hsps have the potential to function as an important defense system against the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 as 4 hsps
1 as 21 and
2 such 4 hsps
5 have 7 potential
5 have 8 to
5 have 21 and
6 the 7 potential
8 to 9 function
9 function 10 as
9 function 15 against
10 as 14 system
11 an 12 important
11 an 14 system
12 important 13 defense
13 defense 14 system
15 against 17 development
16 the 17 development
17 development 18 of
18 of 20 resistance
19 insulin 20 resistance
21 and 22 type
22 type 24 diabetes
23 2 24 diabetes

overcrowding the immune space with excess clones of viral - specific [t] cells causes the naïve [t] - cell repertoire to shrink , which increases infection susceptibility to novel pathogens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overcrowding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 overcrowding 4 space
1 overcrowding 5 with
1 overcrowding 14 causes
2 the 4 space
3 immune 4 space
5 with 7 clones
6 excess 7 clones
7 clones 8 of
8 of 13 cells
9 viral 10 -
9 viral 13 cells
11 specific 13 cells
14 causes 20 repertoire
14 causes 21 to
14 causes 22 shrink
15 the 20 repertoire
16 naïve 18 -
16 naïve 19 cell
19 cell 20 repertoire
21 to 22 shrink
23 , 24 which
23 , 25 increases
24 which 25 increases
25 increases 27 susceptibility
25 increases 28 to
26 infection 27 susceptibility
28 to 30 pathogens
29 novel 30 pathogens

physical exercise preferentially mobilizes senescent [t] cells from the peripheral tissues into the blood , which might facilitate their subsequent apoptosis and create " vacant space " for newly functional [t] cells to occupy and expand the naïve t - cell repertoire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mobilizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 physical 2 exercise
2 exercise 4 mobilizes
3 preferentially 4 mobilizes
4 mobilizes 7 cells
4 mobilizes 12 into
5 senescent 7 cells
7 cells 8 from
8 from 11 tissues
9 the 11 tissues
10 peripheral 11 tissues
12 into 14 blood
13 the 14 blood
15 , 16 which
15 , 35 and
15 , 40 -
16 which 35 and
17 might 22 and
17 might 35 and
18 facilitate 21 apoptosis
18 facilitate 22 and
19 their 21 apoptosis
20 subsequent 21 apoptosis
22 and 23 create
23 create 24 "
23 create 26 space
23 create 28 for
25 vacant 26 space
26 space 27 "
28 for 32 cells
29 newly 30 functional
30 functional 32 cells
32 cells 33 to
32 cells 34 occupy
33 to 34 occupy
35 and 36 expand
35 and 39 t
36 expand 38 naïve
37 the 38 naïve
40 - 42 repertoire
40 - 43 .
41 cell 42 repertoire

purpose of review : investigation into the underlying mechanisms of salt sensitivity has made important advances in recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
3 review 4 :
4 : 5 investigation
5 investigation 6 into
5 investigation 10 of
6 into 9 mechanisms
7 the 9 mechanisms
8 underlying 9 mechanisms
10 of 11 salt
11 salt 12 sensitivity
11 salt 14 made
12 sensitivity 13 has
13 has 14 made
14 made 16 advances
14 made 17 in
15 important 16 advances
17 in 19 years
18 recent 19 years

this review examines in particular the effects of sodium and potassium [on] vascular function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 5 particular
3 examines 7 effects
4 in 5 particular
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 sodium 10 and
10 and 14 function
11 potassium 14 function
13 vascular 14 function

recent findings : sodium chloride ( salt ) [intake] promotes cutaneous lymphangiogenesis mediated through tissue macrophages and directly [alters] endothelial cell function , promoting increased production of transforming growth factor - β ( tgf - β ) and nitric oxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 4 sodium
3 : 13 mediated
3 : 31 -
3 : 41 .
4 sodium 5 chloride
4 sodium 10 promotes
4 sodium 13 mediated
5 chloride 7 salt
5 chloride 10 promotes
6 ( 7 salt
7 salt 8 )
10 promotes 12 lymphangiogenesis
11 cutaneous 12 lymphangiogenesis
13 mediated 15 tissue
14 through 15 tissue
15 tissue 17 and
15 tissue 30 factor
16 macrophages 17 and
17 and 22 function
17 and 23 ,
17 and 24 promoting
17 and 27 of
17 and 30 factor
18 directly 20 endothelial
20 endothelial 21 cell
21 cell 22 function
24 promoting 26 production
25 increased 26 production
27 of 28 transforming
28 transforming 29 growth
31 - 40 oxide
32 β 35 -
32 β 38 and
33 ( 35 -
34 tgf 35 -
35 - 36 β
35 - 37 )
38 and 39 nitric
38 and 40 oxide

in the setting of endothelial dysfunction , [such] as [occurs] with aging , diminished nitric oxide production exacerbates the vascular effects of tgf - β , promoting decreased arterial compliance and hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 production
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 exacerbates
1 in 3 setting
1 in 13 ,
1 in 17 production
2 the 3 setting
3 setting 4 of
4 of 6 dysfunction
5 endothelial 6 dysfunction
6 dysfunction 9 as
7 , 9 as
9 as 11 with
9 as 13 ,
11 with 12 aging
14 diminished 16 oxide
15 nitric 16 oxide
16 oxide 17 production
17 production 18 exacerbates
18 exacerbates 21 effects
18 exacerbates 27 promoting
19 the 21 effects
20 vascular 21 effects
21 effects 22 of
22 of 23 tgf
23 tgf 25 β
24 - 25 β
25 β 26 ,
26 , 27 promoting
27 promoting 31 and
27 promoting 33 .
28 decreased 30 compliance
29 arterial 30 compliance
30 compliance 31 and
31 and 32 hypertension

dietary potassium intake may serve as an important countervailing influence on the effects of salt in the vasculature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 dietary 2 potassium
2 potassium 3 intake
3 intake 4 may
4 may 5 serve
5 serve 6 as
5 serve 11 on
5 serve 16 in
6 as 10 influence
7 an 8 important
7 an 10 influence
8 important 10 influence
9 countervailing 10 influence
11 on 13 effects
12 the 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
14 of 15 salt
16 in 18 vasculature
17 the 18 vasculature

summary : there is growing appreciation that , independently of alterations in blood pressure , dietary intake of sodium and potassium promotes functional changes in the vasculature and lymphatic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 31 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 appreciation
5 growing 6 appreciation
6 appreciation 7 that
6 appreciation 22 promotes
7 that 17 intake
7 that 22 promotes
8 , 9 independently
9 independently 10 of
9 independently 15 ,
9 independently 17 intake
10 of 11 alterations
11 alterations 12 in
12 in 14 pressure
13 blood 14 pressure
16 dietary 17 intake
17 intake 18 of
17 intake 22 promotes
18 of 20 and
19 sodium 20 and
20 and 21 potassium
22 promotes 24 changes
22 promotes 25 in
23 functional 24 changes
25 in 28 and
26 the 27 vasculature
27 vasculature 28 and
28 and 30 system
29 lymphatic 30 system

these changes may protect [against] development of salt - sensitive hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 may
3 may 4 protect
4 protect 6 development
6 development 7 of
7 of 8 salt
9 - 11 hypertension
9 - 12 .
10 sensitive 11 hypertension

while salt sensitivity cannot be ascribed exclusively to these factors , [perturbation] of these processes [promotes] [hypertension] during high - salt intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ascribed
1 while 2 salt
1 while 3 sensitivity
3 sensitivity 4 cannot
4 cannot 5 be
5 be 6 ascribed
6 ascribed 7 exclusively
6 ascribed 8 to
8 to 10 factors
9 these 10 factors
10 factors 13 of
11 , 13 of
13 of 15 processes
13 of 23 .
14 these 15 processes
15 processes 18 during
18 during 22 intake
19 high 20 -
19 high 21 salt
21 salt 22 intake

these studies add to the list of genetic and environmental factors that are associated with salt sensitivity , but in particular provide insight into adaptive mechanisms during high salt intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 add
3 add 4 to
3 add 15 with
4 to 6 list
5 the 6 list
6 list 7 of
7 of 11 factors
8 genetic 9 and
9 and 10 environmental
9 and 11 factors
11 factors 12 that
11 factors 13 are
12 that 13 are
13 are 14 associated
15 with 17 sensitivity
16 salt 17 sensitivity
18 , 22 provide
19 but 21 particular
19 but 22 provide
20 in 21 particular
22 provide 23 insight
23 insight 24 into
23 insight 27 during
24 into 26 mechanisms
25 adaptive 26 mechanisms
27 during 30 intake
28 high 30 intake
29 salt 30 intake

purpose of review : this review synthesizes recently published information regarding nutrition and its impact upon epigenetically mediated mechanisms involved in longevity and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 6 review
4 : 7 synthesizes
5 this 6 review
6 review 7 synthesizes
7 synthesizes 10 information
7 synthesizes 16 upon
8 recently 9 published
9 published 10 information
10 information 11 regarding
11 regarding 13 and
12 nutrition 13 and
13 and 15 impact
14 its 15 impact
16 upon 23 and
17 epigenetically 18 mediated
18 mediated 19 mechanisms
19 mechanisms 20 involved
19 mechanisms 23 and
20 involved 21 in
21 in 22 longevity
23 and 24 aging

recent findings : recent studies enriched considerably our understanding of the relationship between aging and gene - nutrient interactions that continuously shape our phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 5 studies
3 : 6 enriched
3 : 17 -
4 recent 5 studies
5 studies 6 enriched
6 enriched 7 considerably
6 enriched 9 understanding
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
10 of 15 and
11 the 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 between
12 relationship 15 and
13 between 14 aging
15 and 16 gene
17 - 19 interactions
17 - 22 shape
17 - 25 .
18 nutrient 19 interactions
19 interactions 22 shape
20 that 21 continuously
21 continuously 22 shape
22 shape 24 phenotype
23 our 24 phenotype

epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in mediating between the nutrient inputs and the ensuing phenotypic changes throughout our entire life and seem to be responsible , in part [,] for the biological changes that occur during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
1 epigenetic 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 22 and
3 play 13 and
3 play 18 throughout
3 play 22 and
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 role
5 important 6 role
6 role 7 in
6 role 13 and
7 in 8 mediating
8 mediating 9 between
9 between 12 inputs
10 the 12 inputs
11 nutrient 12 inputs
13 and 17 changes
14 the 17 changes
15 ensuing 17 changes
16 phenotypic 17 changes
18 throughout 21 life
19 our 21 life
20 entire 21 life
22 and 23 seem
22 and 24 to
24 to 25 be
25 be 26 responsible
26 responsible 31 for
27 , 29 part
27 , 31 for
28 in 29 part
31 for 34 changes
31 for 39 .
32 the 34 changes
33 biological 34 changes
34 changes 35 that
34 changes 36 occur
35 that 36 occur
36 occur 37 during
37 during 38 aging

less is known about the epigenetic role [that] nutrients have in directly influencing longevity and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 less 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
4 about 7 role
5 the 7 role
6 epigenetic 7 role
7 role 9 nutrients
7 role 10 have
9 nutrients 10 have
10 have 11 in
11 in 13 influencing
12 directly 13 influencing
13 influencing 15 and
14 longevity 15 and
15 and 16 aging

however , recent studies clearly indicated that because nutrition modulates epigenetic events associated with various diseases ( e.g [.] , cancer , obesity , and diabetes ) , there is at least an indirect epigenetic link between nutrition and longevity and , therefore , biologic plausibility to hypothesize the epigenetic role of nutrition in altering longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 studies
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 6 indicated
5 clearly 6 indicated
6 indicated 7 that
6 indicated 48 hypothesize
7 that 8 because
7 that 10 modulates
7 that 30 is
8 because 9 nutrition
9 nutrition 10 modulates
10 modulates 12 events
10 modulates 14 with
11 epigenetic 12 events
12 events 13 associated
14 with 16 diseases
14 with 29 there
15 various 16 diseases
16 diseases 25 and
17 ( 25 and
18 e.g 21 cancer
18 e.g 23 obesity
20 , 21 cancer
21 cancer 22 ,
23 obesity 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 diabetes
25 and 27 )
25 and 28 ,
30 is 32 least
30 is 36 link
30 is 37 between
30 is 47 to
31 at 32 least
33 an 34 indirect
33 an 36 link
34 indirect 36 link
35 epigenetic 36 link
37 between 41 and
38 nutrition 39 and
39 and 40 longevity
39 and 41 and
41 and 46 plausibility
42 , 43 therefore
43 therefore 44 ,
43 therefore 45 biologic
45 biologic 46 plausibility
47 to 48 hypothesize
48 hypothesize 51 role
48 hypothesize 54 in
49 the 51 role
50 epigenetic 51 role
51 role 52 of
52 of 53 nutrition
54 in 55 altering
55 altering 56 longevity

apart from limited human studies , promising animal studies brought us much closer to understanding how nutrition could have such an impact upon longevity and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 apart 2 from
2 from 5 studies
2 from 6 ,
2 from 9 studies
3 limited 5 studies
4 human 5 studies
7 promising 8 animal
8 animal 9 studies
9 studies 10 brought
9 studies 13 closer
9 studies 19 have
10 brought 11 us
12 much 13 closer
13 closer 14 to
14 to 15 understanding
15 understanding 16 how
16 how 17 nutrition
16 how 18 could
17 nutrition 18 could
19 have 22 impact
19 have 23 upon
20 such 21 an
21 an 22 impact
23 upon 25 and
24 longevity 25 and
25 and 26 aging

summary : complex epigenetic mechanisms are involved in aging and longevity , directly or indirectly via disease mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 mechanisms
2 : 7 involved
2 : 19 .
3 complex 5 mechanisms
4 epigenetic 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 are
6 are 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
7 involved 14 or
7 involved 16 via
8 in 10 and
9 aging 10 and
10 and 11 longevity
10 and 12 ,
13 directly 14 or
14 or 15 indirectly
16 via 18 mechanisms
17 disease 18 mechanisms

nutrition has a strong impact upon epigenetic processes and , therefore , holds promise in having important roles in regulating longevity and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 nutrition 9 and
2 has 5 impact
2 has 6 upon
2 has 9 and
3 a 4 strong
3 a 5 impact
4 strong 5 impact
6 upon 8 processes
7 epigenetic 8 processes
9 and 13 holds
9 and 22 and
10 , 11 therefore
11 therefore 12 ,
11 therefore 13 holds
14 promise 15 in
14 promise 22 and
15 in 16 having
16 having 18 roles
16 having 19 in
17 important 18 roles
19 in 20 regulating
20 regulating 21 longevity
22 and 23 aging

purpose of review : brown adipose tissue ( bat ) was thought to be a tissue with physiological importance early in life ( maintenance of body temperature ) and to disappear after birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 brown
4 : 12 thought
6 adipose 7 tissue
6 adipose 11 was
6 adipose 12 thought
7 tissue 9 bat
7 tissue 11 was
8 ( 9 bat
9 bat 10 )
12 thought 13 to
12 thought 32 after
13 to 29 and
14 be 16 tissue
14 be 29 and
15 a 16 tissue
16 tissue 17 with
16 tissue 20 early
17 with 19 importance
18 physiological 19 importance
20 early 21 in
21 in 22 life
22 life 24 maintenance
23 ( 24 maintenance
24 maintenance 25 of
24 maintenance 28 )
25 of 27 temperature
26 body 27 temperature
29 and 30 to
29 and 31 disappear
30 to 31 disappear
32 after 33 birth

recent studies using functional imaging have identified the presence of bat activity throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 using
2 studies 6 have
3 using 5 imaging
4 functional 5 imaging
6 have 7 identified
7 identified 9 presence
7 identified 13 throughout
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
10 of 12 activity
11 bat 12 activity
13 throughout 14 life

this review focuses on the effect of age on bat [function] as well as bat as a potential therapeutic target against age - related metabolic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
4 on 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
6 effect 14 as
7 of 8 age
8 age 9 on
9 on 10 bat
12 as 13 well
13 well 14 as
14 as 15 bat
15 bat 16 as
16 as 20 target
17 a 20 target
18 potential 20 target
19 therapeutic 20 target
20 target 21 against
21 against 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 26 diseases
24 related 27 .
25 metabolic 26 diseases

recent findings : the pet/computed tomography method likely underestimates the prevalence of bat because it measures only active bat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 7 method
3 : 9 underestimates
3 : 20 .
4 the 7 method
5 pet/computed 7 method
6 tomography 7 method
7 method 9 underestimates
8 likely 9 underestimates
9 underestimates 11 prevalence
9 underestimates 14 because
10 the 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 of
12 of 13 bat
14 because 15 it
14 because 16 measures
15 it 16 measures
16 measures 19 bat
17 only 18 active
18 active 19 bat

the factors underlying the decline of bat activity with age are currently unknown , but likely associated with changes in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the thyroid axis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
1 the 2 factors
2 factors 3 underlying
2 factors 11 are
3 underlying 5 decline
3 underlying 9 with
4 the 5 decline
5 decline 6 of
6 of 8 activity
7 bat 8 activity
9 with 10 age
11 are 12 currently
11 are 13 unknown
13 unknown 15 but
14 , 15 but
15 but 28 and
15 but 32 .
16 likely 17 associated
16 likely 28 and
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 20 in
18 with 19 changes
20 in 22 activity
21 the 22 activity
22 activity 23 of
23 of 27 system
24 the 27 system
25 sympathetic 27 system
26 nervous 27 system
28 and 31 axis
29 the 31 axis
30 thyroid 31 axis

apart from age , the presence of active bat is decreased in males and overweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 apart 2 from
2 from 3 age
2 from 4 ,
2 from 6 presence
5 the 6 presence
6 presence 7 of
6 presence 10 is
7 of 9 bat
8 active 9 bat
10 is 14 and
11 decreased 12 in
11 decreased 14 and
12 in 13 males
14 and 15 overweight

the developmental origins of brown adipose depots as well as transcription factors involved in their differentiation have recently been described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 origins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 origins
2 developmental 3 origins
3 origins 4 of
3 origins 17 have
4 of 7 depots
5 brown 6 adipose
6 adipose 7 depots
7 depots 10 as
7 depots 13 involved
8 as 9 well
9 well 10 as
10 as 12 factors
11 transcription 12 factors
13 involved 14 in
14 in 16 differentiation
15 their 16 differentiation
17 have 19 been
18 recently 19 been
19 been 20 described

data suggest that bat may be recruited throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 data 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 4 bat
3 that 7 recruited
4 bat 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 recruited
7 recruited 8 throughout
8 throughout 9 life

summary : new imaging techniques may provide more accurate estimations of bat [mass] in adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 new
2 : 7 provide
2 : 16 .
3 new 4 imaging
3 new 6 may
4 imaging 5 techniques
6 may 7 provide
7 provide 10 estimations
8 more 9 accurate
9 accurate 10 estimations
10 estimations 11 of
11 of 12 bat
12 bat 14 in
14 in 15 adults

given its high metabolic rate , it is suggested that bat mass and activity could be activated and thus represent a potential target for the management of body weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 given 5 rate
1 given 6 ,
1 given 7 it
2 its 5 rate
3 high 5 rate
4 metabolic 5 rate
7 it 8 is
8 is 9 suggested
9 suggested 10 that
10 that 11 bat
10 that 13 and
12 mass 13 and
13 and 18 and
14 activity 15 could
15 could 18 and
16 be 17 activated
16 be 18 and
18 and 20 represent
19 thus 20 represent
20 represent 23 target
21 a 22 potential
21 a 23 target
22 potential 23 target
23 target 24 for
24 for 26 management
25 the 26 management
26 management 27 of
27 of 29 weight
28 body 29 weight

purpose of review : current knowledge on satellite cells in relation to suggested mechanisms of loss of muscle [mass] and strength , induction of fat infiltration , and countermeasures is highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 20 and
4 : 22 ,
5 current 6 knowledge
6 knowledge 7 on
6 knowledge 20 and
7 on 9 cells
8 satellite 9 cells
9 cells 12 to
9 cells 15 of
10 in 11 relation
11 relation 12 to
12 to 14 mechanisms
13 suggested 14 mechanisms
15 of 16 loss
16 loss 17 of
17 of 18 muscle
20 and 21 strength
22 , 23 induction
22 , 30 is
23 induction 24 of
23 induction 30 is
24 of 28 and
25 fat 26 infiltration
26 infiltration 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 countermeasures
30 is 31 highlighted

recent findings : consensus on the definition of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity is proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 4 consensus
3 : 14 proposed
3 : 15 .
4 consensus 5 on
4 consensus 8 of
4 consensus 13 is
5 on 7 definition
6 the 7 definition
8 of 10 and
9 sarcopenia 10 and
10 and 12 obesity
11 sarcopenic 12 obesity
13 is 14 proposed

human satellite cell heterogeneity has now unequivocally been verified in situ as well as an adipogenic potential , though in mice other muscle stem cells are the hot topic to induce adipogenesis upon muscle damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 heterogeneity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 human 3 cell
2 satellite 3 cell
3 cell 4 heterogeneity
4 heterogeneity 5 has
5 has 8 been
6 now 8 been
7 unequivocally 8 been
8 been 9 verified
9 verified 11 situ
9 verified 14 as
10 in 11 situ
12 as 13 well
13 well 14 as
14 as 17 potential
15 an 16 adipogenic
15 an 17 potential
16 adipogenic 17 potential
18 , 25 cells
18 , 26 are
19 though 25 cells
20 in 21 mice
20 in 25 cells
22 other 25 cells
23 muscle 24 stem
24 stem 25 cells
25 cells 26 are
26 are 29 topic
26 are 30 to
27 the 29 topic
28 hot 29 topic
30 to 31 induce
31 induce 32 adipogenesis
31 induce 33 upon
33 upon 35 damage
34 muscle 35 damage

inflammation , oxidative stress , proteolytic degradation , and nuclear apoptosis are discussed as pathogenetic mechanisms of sarcopenia , although little evidence exists [that] they are important in human muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 inflammation 2 ,
2 , 4 stress
2 , 5 ,
3 oxidative 4 stress
5 , 7 degradation
5 , 9 and
6 proteolytic 7 degradation
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 apoptosis
9 and 12 are
10 nuclear 11 apoptosis
12 are 16 mechanisms
13 discussed 16 mechanisms
14 as 15 pathogenetic
15 pathogenetic 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 of
17 of 18 sarcopenia
19 , 25 they
19 , 26 are
20 although 22 evidence
20 although 23 exists
20 although 25 they
21 little 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 exists
25 they 26 are
26 are 27 important
27 important 28 in
28 in 30 muscle
29 human 30 muscle

in rodents , exercise - induced muscle injury is a hallmark for sequential events leading to muscle fiber necrosis and sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rodents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 rodents
2 rodents 4 exercise
2 rodents 6 induced
3 , 4 exercise
4 exercise 5 -
6 induced 7 muscle
6 induced 16 to
6 induced 17 muscle
7 muscle 8 injury
7 muscle 15 leading
8 injury 9 is
9 is 11 hallmark
10 a 11 hallmark
11 hallmark 12 for
12 for 14 events
13 sequential 14 events
14 events 15 leading
16 to 17 muscle
17 muscle 20 and
18 fiber 19 necrosis
19 necrosis 20 and
20 and 21 sarcopenia

exercise in humans , on the contrary , is the key event to countermeasure sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 exercise 2 in
1 exercise 5 on
2 in 3 humans
4 , 5 on
5 on 7 contrary
5 on 8 ,
6 the 7 contrary
8 , 9 is
9 is 12 event
9 is 13 to
9 is 14 countermeasure
10 the 12 event
11 key 12 event
13 to 14 countermeasure
14 countermeasure 15 sarcopenia

cautions to extrapolate observation in rodents to explain human conditions have been presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cautions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cautions 2 to
1 cautions 7 to
1 cautions 8 explain
2 to 3 extrapolate
3 extrapolate 4 observation
3 extrapolate 5 in
3 extrapolate 7 to
5 in 6 rodents
8 explain 10 conditions
8 explain 13 presented
9 human 10 conditions
10 conditions 11 have
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 presented

summary : human satellite cells [are] indispensable for maintenance of human muscle mass , but their implications in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are still under debate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 cells
2 : 13 mass
2 : 15 but
2 : 30 .
3 human 4 satellite
4 satellite 5 cells
5 cells 7 indispensable
5 cells 10 of
5 cells 13 mass
7 indispensable 8 for
8 for 9 maintenance
10 of 12 muscle
11 human 12 muscle
14 , 15 but
15 but 23 and
15 but 26 are
16 their 17 implications
17 implications 18 in
17 implications 23 and
18 in 20 pathogenesis
19 the 20 pathogenesis
20 pathogenesis 21 of
21 of 22 sarcopenia
23 and 25 obesity
23 and 26 are
24 sarcopenic 25 obesity
26 are 27 still
26 are 28 under
28 under 29 debate

nevertheless , satellite cell activation upon exercise seems unequivocally together with adequate nutrition to be the most effective countermeasure for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 5 activation
3 satellite 5 activation
4 cell 5 activation
5 activation 6 upon
5 activation 8 seems
6 upon 7 exercise
8 seems 9 unequivocally
8 seems 10 together
8 seems 11 with
8 seems 14 to
8 seems 15 be
11 with 13 nutrition
12 adequate 13 nutrition
14 to 15 be
15 be 24 obesity
16 the 17 most
17 most 24 obesity
18 effective 24 obesity
19 countermeasure 20 for
19 countermeasure 22 and
20 for 21 sarcopenia
22 and 23 sarcopenic
22 and 24 obesity

altered cell division [is] associated with overproliferation and tumorigenesis , however , mitotic aberrations can also trigger antiproliferative responses leading to postmitotic cell cycle exit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 exit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 altered 2 cell
2 cell 3 division
3 division 5 associated
3 division 8 and
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 overproliferation
8 and 9 tumorigenesis
8 and 14 aberrations
8 and 21 to
8 and 24 cycle
10 , 11 however
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 mitotic
13 mitotic 14 aberrations
14 aberrations 15 can
15 can 17 trigger
16 also 17 trigger
17 trigger 19 responses
18 antiproliferative 19 responses
19 responses 20 leading
20 leading 21 to
22 postmitotic 23 cell
23 cell 24 cycle
24 cycle 25 exit

here , we focus on the role of the centrosome and in particular of centrosomal tacc [(] transforming acidic coiled coil [ )(proteins in tumorigenesis and cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 focus
4 focus 11 and
5 on 7 role
5 on 11 and
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 10 centrosome
9 the 10 centrosome
11 and 12 in
12 in 26 and
13 particular 14 of
13 particular 26 and
14 of 16 tacc
15 centrosomal 16 tacc
16 tacc 18 transforming
18 transforming 23 )(proteins
18 transforming 24 in
19 acidic 21 coil
20 coiled 21 coil
21 coil 23 )(proteins
24 in 25 tumorigenesis
26 and 28 senescence
27 cellular 28 senescence

we have complied recent evidence that inhibition or depletion of various mitotic proteins which take over key in centrosome and kinetochore integrity and mitotic checkpoint function in sufficient to activate a p53 - p21 ( waf ) driven premature senescence phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 activate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 complied
3 complied 5 evidence
3 complied 18 in
4 recent 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
5 evidence 17 key
6 that 8 or
6 that 17 key
7 inhibition 8 or
8 or 9 depletion
8 or 10 of
8 or 14 which
8 or 16 over
8 or 17 key
10 of 13 proteins
11 various 13 proteins
12 mitotic 13 proteins
14 which 16 over
15 take 16 over
18 in 20 and
19 centrosome 20 and
20 and 21 kinetochore
20 and 23 and
20 and 27 in
20 and 28 sufficient
22 integrity 23 and
23 and 25 checkpoint
23 and 26 function
24 mitotic 25 checkpoint
26 function 27 in
28 sufficient 29 to
28 sufficient 30 activate
29 to 30 activate
30 activate 41 phenotype
31 a 32 p53
31 a 41 phenotype
32 p53 34 p21
32 p53 37 )
32 p53 40 senescence
33 - 34 p21
34 p21 36 waf
34 p21 37 )
35 ( 36 waf
36 waf 37 )
38 driven 40 senescence
39 premature 40 senescence
40 senescence 41 phenotype

these findings have direct implications for proliferative tissue homeostasis as well as for cellular and organismal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 have
3 have 5 implications
3 have 11 well
3 have 12 as
4 direct 5 implications
5 implications 6 for
6 for 9 homeostasis
7 proliferative 8 tissue
8 tissue 9 homeostasis
10 as 11 well
12 as 13 for
13 for 17 aging
14 cellular 15 and
15 and 16 organismal
15 and 17 aging

background and objectives : studies have demonstrated that some cutaneous biophysical properties vary with age , gender and body sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
4 : 5 studies
4 : 7 demonstrated
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 8 that
8 that 12 properties
8 that 13 vary
9 some 12 properties
10 cutaneous 12 properties
11 biophysical 12 properties
12 properties 13 vary
13 vary 14 with
14 with 18 and
15 age 16 ,
16 , 17 gender
16 , 18 and
18 and 20 sites
19 body 20 sites

however , the characteristics of the skin friction coefficient in different genders and age groups have not yet been well established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 characteristics
3 the 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 5 of
4 characteristics 16 have
5 of 9 coefficient
6 the 9 coefficient
7 skin 9 coefficient
8 friction 9 coefficient
9 coefficient 10 in
10 in 13 and
11 different 12 genders
12 genders 13 and
13 and 15 groups
14 age 15 groups
16 have 17 not
16 have 19 been
18 yet 19 been
19 been 20 well
20 well 21 established

in the present study , we assess the skin friction coefficient in a larger chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 assess
7 assess 11 coefficient
7 assess 12 in
8 the 11 coefficient
9 skin 11 coefficient
10 friction 11 coefficient
12 in 16 population
13 a 16 population
14 larger 16 population
15 chinese 16 population

methods : a total of 633 subjects ( 300 males and 333 females ) aged 0.15 - 79 years were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 15 aged
5 of 7 subjects
6 633 7 subjects
7 subjects 11 and
8 ( 11 and
9 300 10 males
10 males 11 and
11 and 13 females
11 and 14 )
12 333 13 females
15 aged 16 0.15
17 - 19 years
17 - 20 were
17 - 22 .
18 79 19 years
19 years 20 were
20 were 21 enrolled

a frictiometer fr 770 and corneometer cm 825 ( c&k mpa 5 ) were used to measure the skin friction coefficient and stratum corneum hydration , respectively , on the dorsal surface of the hand , the forehead and the canthus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 a 3 fr
2 frictiometer 3 fr
3 fr 4 770
3 fr 5 and
5 and 7 cm
5 and 11 mpa
5 and 14 were
6 corneometer 7 cm
7 cm 8 825
9 ( 11 mpa
10 c&k 11 mpa
11 mpa 12 5
11 mpa 13 )
14 were 15 used
15 used 16 to
16 to 17 measure
17 measure 39 and
18 the 21 coefficient
19 skin 21 coefficient
20 friction 21 coefficient
21 coefficient 22 and
22 and 24 corneum
22 and 36 ,
23 stratum 24 corneum
24 corneum 25 hydration
24 corneum 33 of
25 hydration 27 respectively
25 hydration 29 on
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 ,
29 on 32 surface
30 the 32 surface
31 dorsal 32 surface
33 of 35 hand
34 the 35 hand
36 , 38 forehead
36 , 39 and
37 the 38 forehead
39 and 41 canthus
40 the 41 canthus

results : in the females , the maximum skin friction coefficients on both the canthus and the dorsal hand skin were observed around the age of 40 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 females
4 the 5 females
6 , 22 observed
7 the 10 friction
8 maximum 10 friction
9 skin 10 friction
10 friction 16 and
10 friction 21 were
10 friction 22 observed
11 coefficients 12 on
11 coefficients 16 and
12 on 13 both
13 both 14 the
13 both 15 canthus
14 the 15 canthus
16 and 20 skin
16 and 21 were
17 the 20 skin
18 dorsal 19 hand
19 hand 20 skin
22 observed 23 around
23 around 25 age
24 the 25 age
25 age 26 of
26 of 28 years
27 40 28 years

in the males , the skin friction coefficient on the dorsal hand skin gradually increased from 0 to 40 years of age , and changed little afterward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 males
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 coefficient
2 the 3 males
5 the 8 coefficient
6 skin 8 coefficient
7 friction 8 coefficient
8 coefficient 9 on
8 coefficient 24 and
9 on 13 skin
10 the 13 skin
11 dorsal 12 hand
12 hand 13 skin
14 gradually 15 increased
15 increased 16 from
15 increased 24 and
16 from 20 years
17 0 18 to
18 to 19 40
18 to 20 years
20 years 21 of
21 of 22 age
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 changed
24 and 26 little
24 and 27 afterward

skin friction coefficients on some body sites were higher in females than in age - matched males in some age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coefficients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 skin 3 coefficients
2 friction 3 coefficients
3 coefficients 4 on
3 coefficients 8 were
4 on 7 sites
5 some 7 sites
6 body 7 sites
8 were 9 higher
9 higher 10 in
9 higher 12 than
10 in 11 females
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 age
15 - 17 males
16 matched 17 males
17 males 18 in
18 in 21 groups
19 some 21 groups
20 age 21 groups

on the canthus and the dorsal hand skin of females , a positive correlation was [found] between skin friction [coefficient] and stratum corneum hydration ( p < 0.001 [and] p < 0.0001 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 on 4 and
1 on 7 hand
2 the 3 canthus
3 canthus 4 and
4 and 6 dorsal
5 the 6 dorsal
7 hand 8 skin
8 skin 9 of
9 of 10 females
11 , 14 correlation
11 , 15 was
12 a 14 correlation
13 positive 14 correlation
14 correlation 15 was
15 was 17 between
15 was 24 hydration
17 between 21 and
18 skin 19 friction
19 friction 21 and
21 and 23 corneum
22 stratum 23 corneum
24 hydration 27 <
24 hydration 31 <
24 hydration 34 respectively
25 ( 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 28 0.001
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.0001
33 , 34 respectively
34 respectively 35 )

in contrast , in males , the skin friction coefficient was positively correlated with stratum corneum hydration on the forehead and the dorsal hand skin ( p < 0.05 [and] p < 0.0001 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 6 ,
1 in 10 coefficient
2 contrast 4 in
3 , 4 in
4 in 5 males
4 in 6 ,
7 the 10 coefficient
8 skin 9 friction
9 friction 10 coefficient
10 coefficient 11 was
11 was 12 positively
11 was 13 correlated
13 correlated 14 with
13 correlated 17 hydration
14 with 16 corneum
15 stratum 16 corneum
17 hydration 18 on
17 hydration 32 <
17 hydration 35 respectively
18 on 21 and
19 the 20 forehead
20 forehead 21 and
21 and 25 skin
21 and 28 <
22 the 25 skin
23 dorsal 24 hand
24 hand 25 skin
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.05
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.0001
34 , 35 respectively
35 respectively 36 )

conclusion : the skin friction coefficient varies with age , gender and body site , and positively correlates with stratum corneum hydration on some body sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 6 coefficient
2 : 16 and
3 the 6 coefficient
4 skin 6 coefficient
5 friction 6 coefficient
6 coefficient 16 and
7 varies 8 with
7 varies 16 and
8 with 12 and
9 age 10 ,
10 , 11 gender
10 , 12 and
12 and 14 site
13 body 14 site
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 correlates
16 and 19 with
17 positively 18 correlates
19 with 21 corneum
20 stratum 21 corneum
21 corneum 22 hydration
22 hydration 23 on
23 on 26 sites
24 some 26 sites
25 body 26 sites

helicobacter [pylori] is one of the most common pathogens affecting humankind , infecting approximately 50 % of the world 's population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 helicobacter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 helicobacter 3 is
3 is 4 one
4 one 5 of
5 of 9 pathogens
6 the 7 most
7 most 9 pathogens
8 common 9 pathogens
9 pathogens 10 affecting
10 affecting 11 humankind
11 humankind 13 infecting
12 , 13 infecting
13 infecting 16 %
13 infecting 22 .
14 approximately 15 50
15 50 16 %
16 % 17 of
17 of 21 population
18 the 19 world
19 world 20 's
20 's 21 population

of those infected , many will develop asymptomatic gastritis , but 10 % develop gastric or duodenal ulcers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 of 2 those
1 of 4 ,
1 of 5 many
2 those 3 infected
5 many 6 will
6 will 7 develop
7 develop 9 gastritis
8 asymptomatic 9 gastritis
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 %
11 but 14 develop
12 10 13 %
13 % 14 develop
14 develop 18 ulcers
15 gastric 16 or
16 or 17 duodenal
16 or 18 ulcers

the clinical outcome of the infection may involve a combination of bacterial factors , host factors and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 outcome
2 clinical 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 of
3 outcome 7 may
4 of 6 infection
5 the 6 infection
7 may 8 involve
8 involve 10 combination
9 a 10 combination
10 combination 11 of
11 of 17 and
12 bacterial 13 factors
13 factors 14 ,
14 , 16 factors
14 , 17 and
15 host 16 factors
17 and 19 factors
18 environmental 19 factors

in the process of development of gastritis , ulceration and cancer , several cellular and molecular steps follow each other . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 steps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 process
1 in 12 ,
1 in 17 steps
2 the 3 process
3 process 4 of
4 of 10 and
5 development 6 of
5 development 8 ,
6 of 7 gastritis
8 , 9 ulceration
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 cancer
13 several 17 steps
14 cellular 15 and
15 and 16 molecular
15 and 17 steps
17 steps 18 follow
18 follow 20 other
19 each 20 other

infection , acid survival , adhesion , cytotoxicity , epithelial cell turnover changes , inflammation , regeneration or pathological alteration towards erosions , ulceration , and cancer can be observed on the cellular level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 infection 2 ,
1 infection 26 and
3 acid 4 survival
4 survival 5 ,
5 , 6 adhesion
5 , 7 ,
7 , 8 cytotoxicity
7 , 9 ,
9 , 13 changes
9 , 14 ,
10 epithelial 11 cell
11 cell 13 changes
12 turnover 13 changes
14 , 15 inflammation
14 , 16 ,
16 , 17 regeneration
16 , 18 or
18 or 20 alteration
18 or 21 towards
18 or 26 and
19 pathological 20 alteration
21 towards 22 erosions
22 erosions 24 ulceration
23 , 24 ulceration
24 ulceration 25 ,
26 and 27 cancer
26 and 28 can
28 can 29 be
29 be 30 observed
30 observed 31 on
31 on 34 level
32 the 34 level
33 cellular 34 level

bacterial factors like urease , amie , amif , hydrogenase and arginase are needed for survival in the acidic gastric environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 bacterial 2 factors
2 factors 3 like
2 factors 13 are
3 like 11 and
4 urease 5 ,
5 , 6 amie
5 , 7 ,
7 , 8 amif
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 hydrogenase
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 arginase
13 are 14 needed
14 needed 15 for
14 needed 17 in
15 for 16 survival
17 in 21 environment
18 the 21 environment
19 acidic 21 environment
20 gastric 21 environment

the bacterial [flagellae] are essential to move the bacteria towards the epithelial surface . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bacterial
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 bacterial
2 bacterial 4 are
4 are 5 essential
5 essential 6 to
6 to 7 move
7 move 9 bacteria
7 move 10 towards
8 the 9 bacteria
10 towards 13 surface
11 the 13 surface
12 epithelial 13 surface

adhesive factors like baba , saba and ureasea are necessary for adhesion against mhc [-] ii complexes and le antigens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adhesive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 adhesive 9 are
2 factors 3 like
2 factors 5 ,
3 like 4 baba
5 , 6 saba
5 , 7 and
7 and 8 ureasea
7 and 9 are
9 are 10 necessary
10 necessary 11 for
10 necessary 13 against
11 for 12 adhesion
13 against 18 and
14 mhc 16 ii
14 mhc 17 complexes
17 complexes 18 and
18 and 20 antigens
19 le 20 antigens

the bacteria vaca and caga are cytotoxic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 bacteria
2 bacteria 3 vaca
3 vaca 4 and
4 and 5 caga
4 and 6 are
6 are 8 factors
7 cytotoxic 8 factors

the cag type iv secretion system delivers these proteins inside the epithelial cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 delivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 6 system
2 cag 6 system
3 type 6 system
4 iv 6 system
5 secretion 6 system
6 system 7 delivers
7 delivers 9 proteins
7 delivers 10 inside
8 these 9 proteins
10 inside 13 cells
11 the 13 cells
12 epithelial 13 cells

after disruption of epithelial cell junctions , the bacteria can pass through the gastric wall facing direct immune response from neutrophils , lymphocytes , mast cells and dendritic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 bacteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 pass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 after 2 disruption
1 after 7 ,
1 after 9 bacteria
2 disruption 3 of
3 of 6 junctions
4 epithelial 5 cell
5 cell 6 junctions
8 the 9 bacteria
9 bacteria 10 can
10 can 11 pass
11 pass 12 through
12 through 19 response
13 the 19 response
14 gastric 15 wall
15 wall 16 facing
16 facing 19 response
17 direct 19 response
18 immune 19 response
19 response 20 from
20 from 27 and
21 neutrophils 22 ,
22 , 23 lymphocytes
22 , 24 ,
24 , 26 cells
24 , 27 and
25 mast 26 cells
27 and 29 cells
28 dendritic 29 cells

this review describes and summarizes our present molecular biological information and knowledge about the helicobacter infective component , cell functions and processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 4 and
2 review 11 and
3 describes 4 and
4 and 5 summarizes
4 and 10 information
6 our 10 information
7 present 10 information
8 molecular 10 information
9 biological 10 information
11 and 12 knowledge
11 and 13 about
11 and 21 and
13 about 20 functions
14 the 20 functions
15 helicobacter 20 functions
16 infective 19 cell
17 component 18 ,
17 component 19 cell
19 cell 20 functions
21 and 22 processes

the possible role of host counter responses and interactions with gastric epithelia and immune cells are also detailed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 role
2 possible 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 8 and
4 of 7 responses
5 host 7 responses
6 counter 7 responses
8 and 9 interactions
8 and 10 with
8 and 16 are
10 with 13 and
11 gastric 12 epithelia
12 epithelia 13 and
13 and 15 cells
14 immune 15 cells
16 are 17 also
16 are 18 detailed

background : the factors influencing total plasma homocysteine levels ( thcy ) are of special interest in the attempt to reduce cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 factors
2 : 13 are
2 : 24 .
3 the 4 factors
4 factors 5 influencing
4 factors 13 are
5 influencing 9 levels
6 total 7 plasma
7 plasma 8 homocysteine
8 homocysteine 9 levels
9 levels 11 thcy
10 ( 11 thcy
11 thcy 12 )
13 are 14 of
14 of 16 interest
15 special 16 interest
16 interest 17 in
17 in 19 attempt
18 the 19 attempt
19 attempt 20 to
19 attempt 21 reduce
20 to 21 reduce
21 reduce 23 risk
22 cardiovascular 23 risk

aim : this investigation aimed to assess the independent effects of antioxidant vitamins on thcy in elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 investigation
2 : 5 aimed
2 : 19 .
3 this 4 investigation
4 investigation 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 10 effects
7 assess 14 on
7 assess 16 in
8 the 10 effects
9 independent 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
11 of 13 vitamins
12 antioxidant 13 vitamins
14 on 15 thcy
16 in 18 people
17 elderly 18 people

methods : our cross - sectional analysis included data of 184 subjects ( ≥60 years ) from the longitudinal study in an aging population in giessen ( gisela ) , germany . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 our 4 cross
4 cross 9 data
5 - 9 data
6 sectional 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 included
8 included 9 data
9 data 10 of
9 data 17 from
9 data 30 ,
10 of 12 subjects
11 184 12 subjects
12 subjects 15 years
13 ( 15 years
14 ≥60 15 years
15 years 16 )
17 from 20 study
18 the 20 study
19 longitudinal 20 study
20 study 21 in
20 study 28 gisela
21 in 24 population
22 an 24 population
23 aging 24 population
24 population 25 in
25 in 26 giessen
27 ( 28 gisela
28 gisela 29 )
30 , 31 germany

we examined the effects of plasma levels , intake and supplementation of vitamin c , vitamin e , and β - carotene on thcy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 effects
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 12 of
5 of 10 and
6 plasma 7 levels
7 levels 8 ,
8 , 9 intake
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 supplementation
12 of 19 and
13 vitamin 14 c
13 vitamin 15 ,
15 , 16 vitamin
15 , 19 and
16 vitamin 17 e
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 carotene
19 and 23 on
20 β 21 -
20 β 22 carotene
23 on 24 thcy

results : the mean thcy was within the normal range in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 thcy
2 : 6 was
2 : 14 .
3 the 5 thcy
4 mean 5 thcy
5 thcy 6 was
6 was 7 within
6 was 11 in
7 within 10 range
8 the 10 range
9 normal 10 range
11 in 13 population
12 this 13 population

serum [folate] , the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) , and plasma vitamin c showed a negative association with thcy in simple regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 serum 8 rate
1 serum 13 and
3 , 8 rate
4 the 8 rate
5 estimated 7 filtration
6 glomerular 7 filtration
7 filtration 8 rate
8 rate 10 egfr
8 rate 12 ,
9 ( 10 egfr
10 egfr 11 )
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 vitamin
13 and 17 showed
14 plasma 15 vitamin
15 vitamin 16 c
17 showed 20 association
17 showed 26 analysis
18 a 19 negative
18 a 20 association
19 negative 20 association
20 association 21 with
21 with 22 thcy
22 thcy 23 in
23 in 25 regression
24 simple 25 regression

in a subsequent multiple regression analysis , egfr , serum folate , and plasma vitamin c were the relevant independent predictors of thcy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 5 regression
1 in 13 and
2 a 3 subsequent
2 a 5 regression
3 subsequent 5 regression
4 multiple 5 regression
6 analysis 7 ,
7 , 11 folate
7 , 13 and
8 egfr 9 ,
8 egfr 10 serum
10 serum 11 folate
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 vitamin
13 and 17 were
14 plasma 15 vitamin
15 vitamin 16 c
17 were 21 predictors
18 the 21 predictors
19 relevant 21 predictors
20 independent 21 predictors
21 predictors 22 of
22 of 23 thcy

intake and supplementation of vitamin c , as well as plasma levels , intake and supplementation of vitamin e , and β - carotene were not associated with thcy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 intake 2 and
2 and 3 supplementation
2 and 4 of
2 and 21 and
4 of 5 vitamin
5 vitamin 6 c
5 vitamin 8 as
5 vitamin 15 and
7 , 8 as
8 as 9 well
8 as 13 ,
9 well 10 as
10 as 12 levels
11 plasma 12 levels
13 , 15 and
14 intake 15 and
15 and 16 supplementation
15 and 17 of
15 and 20 ,
17 of 18 vitamin
18 vitamin 19 e
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 carotene
21 and 25 were
22 β 23 -
22 β 24 carotene
25 were 26 not
25 were 28 with
26 not 27 associated
28 with 29 thcy

conclusion : vitamin c may be an independent predictor of thcy in free - living elderly people and , therefore , should be considered in attempts to reduce thcy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 vitamin
3 vitamin 4 c
3 vitamin 18 and
5 may 6 be
5 may 18 and
6 be 9 predictor
7 an 8 independent
7 an 9 predictor
8 independent 9 predictor
9 predictor 10 of
9 predictor 12 in
10 of 11 thcy
12 in 17 people
13 free 14 -
13 free 17 people
15 living 17 people
16 elderly 17 people
18 and 22 should
19 , 20 therefore
20 therefore 21 ,
20 therefore 22 should
22 should 23 be
23 be 24 considered
24 considered 25 in
24 considered 27 to
24 considered 28 reduce
25 in 26 attempts
27 to 28 reduce
28 reduce 29 thcy

we examined whether less convective heat loss during exercise at high altitude than at sea level was partially caused by reduced cutaneous vasodilation due to enhanced plasma water loss into contracting muscles and whether it was caused by hypoxia rather than by hypobaria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 whether
2 examined 7 loss
2 examined 8 during
2 examined 13 than
3 whether 4 less
5 convective 6 heat
6 heat 7 loss
8 during 9 exercise
9 exercise 10 at
10 at 12 altitude
11 high 12 altitude
13 than 16 level
13 than 19 caused
14 at 15 sea
14 at 16 level
16 level 17 was
17 was 19 caused
18 partially 19 caused
19 caused 20 by
20 by 23 vasodilation
21 reduced 23 vasodilation
22 cutaneous 23 vasodilation
23 vasodilation 25 to
23 vasodilation 39 hypoxia
24 due 25 to
25 to 33 and
26 enhanced 29 loss
27 plasma 28 water
28 water 29 loss
29 loss 30 into
29 loss 33 and
30 into 31 contracting
31 contracting 32 muscles
33 and 34 whether
33 and 35 it
33 and 38 by
35 it 36 was
36 was 37 caused
37 caused 38 by
39 hypoxia 41 than
40 rather 41 than
41 than 42 by
42 by 43 hypobaria

subjects in cnt and lplo breathed room air , whereas those in nplo breathed a mixed gas of 14 % o₂ balanced n₂ , equivalent to the gas composition in lplo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 breathed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 subjects 2 in
1 subjects 6 breathed
2 in 5 lplo
3 cnt 4 and
4 and 5 lplo
6 breathed 8 air
7 room 8 air
9 , 21 o₂
9 , 22 balanced
10 whereas 11 those
10 whereas 14 breathed
10 whereas 21 o₂
11 those 12 in
11 those 14 breathed
12 in 13 nplo
14 breathed 17 gas
15 a 17 gas
16 mixed 17 gas
17 gas 18 of
18 of 19 14
20 % 21 o₂
21 o₂ 22 balanced
22 balanced 23 n₂
23 n₂ 25 equivalent
24 , 25 equivalent
25 equivalent 26 to
25 equivalent 30 in
25 equivalent 32 .
26 to 29 composition
27 the 29 composition
28 gas 29 composition
30 in 31 lplo

we measured change in pv ( δpv ) , oxygen consumption rate [(] vo₂ ) , mean arterial blood pressure ( mbp ) , esophageal temperature [(] t ( es ) ) , mean skin temperature [(] t ( sk ) [ )(, forearm skin blood flow ( fbf ) , and sweat rate ( sr ) during exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 we 2 measured
2 measured 52 and
2 measured 58 during
3 change 4 in
3 change 52 and
4 in 5 pv
5 pv 7 δpv
5 pv 14 vo₂
5 pv 20 pressure
6 ( 7 δpv
7 δpv 8 )
9 , 14 vo₂
10 oxygen 12 rate
11 consumption 12 rate
12 rate 14 vo₂
14 vo₂ 15 )
16 , 20 pressure
17 mean 20 pressure
18 arterial 20 pressure
19 blood 20 pressure
20 pressure 22 mbp
20 pressure 26 temperature
20 pressure 36 temperature
20 pressure 51 ,
21 ( 22 mbp
22 mbp 23 )
24 , 26 temperature
25 esophageal 26 temperature
26 temperature 28 t
26 temperature 30 es
26 temperature 32 )
29 ( 30 es
30 es 31 )
33 , 36 temperature
34 mean 36 temperature
35 skin 36 temperature
36 temperature 38 t
36 temperature 40 sk
36 temperature 47 flow
36 temperature 50 )
39 ( 40 sk
40 sk 41 )
43 )(, 47 flow
44 forearm 45 skin
45 skin 47 flow
46 blood 47 flow
47 flow 49 fbf
47 flow 50 )
48 ( 49 fbf
49 fbf 50 )
52 and 54 rate
52 and 56 sr
53 sweat 54 rate
55 ( 56 sr
56 sr 57 )
58 during 59 exercise

δpv during exercise was twofold greater in lplo and nplo than in cnt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 δpv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 δpv 2 during
1 δpv 4 was
2 during 3 exercise
4 was 5 twofold
4 was 6 greater
6 greater 7 in
6 greater 11 than
7 in 9 and
8 lplo 9 and
9 and 10 nplo
11 than 12 in
12 in 13 cnt

these variables were not significantly different between lplo and nplo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 variables
2 variables 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 different
4 not 5 significantly
5 significantly 6 different
6 different 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 lplo 9 and
9 and 10 nplo

thus reduced convective heat loss during exercise at 3,200 m was partially caused by reduced cutaneous vasodilation due to enhanced pv loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 thus 2 reduced
2 reduced 4 heat
3 convective 4 heat
4 heat 5 loss
5 loss 6 during
5 loss 11 was
6 during 7 exercise
7 exercise 8 at
8 at 10 m
9 3,200 10 m
11 was 12 partially
11 was 13 caused
13 caused 14 by
13 caused 19 to
14 by 17 vasodilation
15 reduced 17 vasodilation
16 cutaneous 17 vasodilation
18 due 19 to
19 to 22 loss
20 enhanced 22 loss
21 pv 22 loss

moreover , this may be caused by hypoxia rather than by hypobaria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 this
3 this 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 caused
6 caused 7 by
6 caused 10 than
7 by 8 hypoxia
9 rather 10 than
10 than 11 by
11 by 12 hypobaria

the phenomenon of cross [-] limb transfer , in which unilateral strength training can result in bilateral strength gains , has recently been tested for ballistic movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phenomenon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 phenomenon
2 phenomenon 3 of
2 phenomenon 21 has
3 of 7 transfer
4 cross 7 transfer
6 limb 7 transfer
7 transfer 9 in
8 , 9 in
9 in 10 which
9 in 12 strength
9 in 13 training
9 in 15 result
9 in 20 ,
10 which 12 strength
11 unilateral 12 strength
13 training 14 can
14 can 15 result
15 result 16 in
16 in 19 gains
17 bilateral 18 strength
18 strength 19 gains
21 has 23 been
22 recently 23 been
23 been 24 tested
24 tested 25 for
25 for 27 movements
26 ballistic 27 movements

performance gains associated with repetitive motor practice , and the associated transfer , occur within a few minutes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 performance 2 gains
2 gains 13 ,
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 13 ,
4 with 9 and
5 repetitive 6 motor
6 motor 7 practice
7 practice 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 transfer
10 the 12 transfer
11 associated 12 transfer
13 , 14 occur
14 occur 15 within
15 within 18 minutes
16 a 17 few
17 few 18 minutes

in this study , young and older adults were trained to perform ballistic abductions of their dominant ( right ) index finger as quickly as possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 trained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 adults
2 this 3 study
5 young 6 and
6 and 7 older
6 and 8 adults
8 adults 9 were
9 were 10 trained
10 trained 11 to
10 trained 12 perform
11 to 12 perform
12 perform 14 abductions
12 perform 24 quickly
12 perform 25 as
13 ballistic 14 abductions
14 abductions 15 of
15 of 22 finger
16 their 22 finger
17 dominant 19 right
17 dominant 21 index
18 ( 19 right
19 right 20 )
21 index 22 finger
23 as 24 quickly
25 as 26 possible

performance was assessed bilaterally before [,] [during] , and after this training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 performance 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 bilaterally
3 assessed 9 and
5 before 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 after
10 after 12 training
11 this 12 training

both groups exhibited large performance gains in the right hand as a result of training ( p < 0.001 ; young 84 % improvement , older 70 % improvement [ )(, which were not significantly different between groups ( p = 0.40 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 both 2 groups
2 groups 3 exhibited
3 exhibited 6 gains
3 exhibited 7 in
3 exhibited 11 as
4 large 6 gains
5 performance 6 gains
7 in 10 hand
8 the 10 hand
9 right 10 hand
11 as 13 result
12 a 13 result
13 result 14 of
13 result 18 <
14 of 15 training
16 ( 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.001
20 ; 24 improvement
20 ; 25 ,
21 young 24 improvement
22 84 23 %
23 % 24 improvement
25 , 29 improvement
25 , 31 )(,
26 older 29 improvement
27 70 28 %
28 % 29 improvement
31 )(, 32 which
31 )(, 33 were
32 which 33 were
33 were 34 not
33 were 35 significantly
33 were 36 different
36 different 37 between
36 different 41 =
37 between 38 groups
39 ( 41 =
40 p 41 =
41 = 42 0.40
41 = 43 )

transcranial magnetic stimulation revealed that the performance improvements were accompanied by increases in excitability , together with decreases in intracortical inhibition , of the projections to both the trained muscle and the homologous muscle in the contralateral limb ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 transcranial 3 stimulation
2 magnetic 3 stimulation
3 stimulation 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 8 improvements
5 that 10 accompanied
6 the 8 improvements
7 performance 8 improvements
8 improvements 9 were
9 were 10 accompanied
10 accompanied 11 by
10 accompanied 26 to
10 accompanied 35 in
11 by 12 increases
12 increases 13 in
12 increases 23 of
13 in 14 excitability
14 excitability 17 with
15 , 17 with
16 together 17 with
17 with 18 decreases
17 with 22 ,
18 decreases 19 in
19 in 21 inhibition
20 intracortical 21 inhibition
23 of 25 projections
24 the 25 projections
26 to 31 and
27 both 31 and
28 the 30 muscle
29 trained 30 muscle
30 muscle 31 and
31 and 34 muscle
32 the 34 muscle
33 homologous 34 muscle
35 in 38 limb
36 the 38 limb
37 contralateral 38 limb
38 limb 41 <
39 ( 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 42 0.05
41 < 43 )

the young group also exhibited performance improvements as a result of cross [-] limb transfer in the left [(] untrained ) hand ( p < 0.005 ) , equivalent to 75 % of the performance increase in the trained hand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exhibited
1 the 3 group
2 young 3 group
3 group 5 exhibited
4 also 5 exhibited
5 exhibited 7 improvements
5 exhibited 8 as
6 performance 7 improvements
8 as 10 result
9 a 10 result
10 result 11 of
11 of 15 transfer
12 cross 15 transfer
14 limb 15 transfer
15 transfer 16 in
16 in 22 hand
17 the 22 hand
18 left 22 hand
20 untrained 21 )
20 untrained 22 hand
22 hand 25 <
22 hand 29 equivalent
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.005
25 < 27 )
28 , 29 equivalent
29 equivalent 30 to
29 equivalent 41 .
30 to 32 %
31 75 32 %
32 % 33 of
32 % 37 in
33 of 36 increase
34 the 36 increase
35 performance 36 increase
37 in 40 hand
38 the 40 hand
39 trained 40 hand

in contrast , there were no significant performance gains in the left hand for the older group ( p = 0.23 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 were
5 were 9 gains
6 no 9 gains
7 significant 8 performance
8 performance 9 gains
9 gains 10 in
10 in 13 hand
11 the 13 hand
12 left 13 hand
13 hand 14 for
13 hand 20 =
14 for 17 group
15 the 17 group
16 older 17 group
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.23
20 = 22 )

this was surprising given that the older group exhibited a significantly greater degree of mirror activity than the young group ( p < 0.01 ) in the left first dorsal interosseus muscle ( fdi ) during right hand movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 surprising
3 surprising 4 given
3 surprising 5 that
3 surprising 9 exhibited
5 that 8 group
5 that 9 exhibited
6 the 8 group
7 older 8 group
8 group 9 exhibited
9 exhibited 16 activity
9 exhibited 17 than
9 exhibited 36 during
10 a 13 degree
11 significantly 12 greater
12 greater 13 degree
13 degree 14 of
13 degree 16 activity
14 of 16 activity
15 mirror 16 activity
17 than 20 group
17 than 26 in
18 the 20 group
19 young 20 group
20 group 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.01
23 < 25 )
26 in 32 muscle
27 the 32 muscle
28 left 32 muscle
29 first 31 interosseus
30 dorsal 31 interosseus
31 interosseus 32 muscle
32 muscle 34 fdi
33 ( 34 fdi
34 fdi 35 )
36 during 39 movements
37 right 39 movements
38 hand 39 movements

our findings suggest that older adults exhibit a reduced capacity [for] cross - limb transfer , which may have implications for motor rehabilitation programs [after] stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 adults
4 that 7 exhibit
5 older 6 adults
7 exhibit 12 cross
8 a 12 cross
9 reduced 10 capacity
10 capacity 12 cross
12 cross 15 transfer
13 - 15 transfer
14 limb 15 transfer
15 transfer 16 ,
16 , 17 which
16 , 19 have
17 which 18 may
18 may 19 have
19 have 20 implications
19 have 21 for
21 for 23 rehabilitation
22 motor 23 rehabilitation
23 rehabilitation 24 programs
23 rehabilitation 26 stroke
24 programs 26 stroke

it has been suggested that the potential for training to alter the physiological responses to exercise in children is related to a " maturational threshold " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 7 potential
5 that 20 related
6 the 7 potential
7 potential 8 for
7 potential 15 to
7 potential 19 is
8 for 9 training
9 training 10 to
9 training 14 responses
10 to 11 alter
12 the 14 responses
13 physiological 14 responses
15 to 16 exercise
16 exercise 17 in
17 in 18 children
19 is 20 related
20 related 21 to
21 to 25 threshold
22 a 23 "
22 a 25 threshold
24 maturational 25 threshold
25 threshold 26 "

to address this , we investigated the interaction of swim [-] training status and maturity on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to lower and upper body exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 address
2 address 3 this
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 investigated
4 , 14 and
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 interaction
7 the 8 interaction
8 interaction 9 of
9 of 13 status
10 swim 12 training
12 training 13 status
14 and 23 and
14 and 26 exercise
15 maturity 16 on
15 maturity 23 and
16 on 20 responses
17 cardiovascular 18 and
18 and 19 metabolic
18 and 20 responses
20 responses 21 to
20 responses 22 lower
21 to 22 lower
23 and 25 body
23 and 26 exercise
24 upper 25 body

in addition to pulmonary gas exchange measurements , stroke volume and cardiac output were estimated by thoracic bioelectrical impedance , and muscle oxygenation status was assessed using near - infrared spectroscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 and
2 addition 3 to
3 to 7 measurements
4 pulmonary 6 exchange
5 gas 6 exchange
6 exchange 7 measurements
9 stroke 10 volume
10 volume 11 and
11 and 13 output
11 and 14 were
12 cardiac 13 output
14 were 15 estimated
15 estimated 16 by
16 by 19 impedance
17 thoracic 19 impedance
18 bioelectrical 19 impedance
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 status
21 and 26 assessed
22 muscle 23 oxygenation
23 oxygenation 24 status
24 status 25 was
25 was 26 assessed
26 assessed 27 using
27 using 31 spectroscopy
28 near 29 -
28 near 31 spectroscopy
30 infrared 31 spectroscopy

none of the measured pulmonary , cardiovascular , or metabolic parameters interacted with maturity , and the magnitude of the difference between t and ut girls was similar , irrespective of maturity [stage] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 interacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 none 2 of
1 none 11 parameters
2 of 11 parameters
3 the 11 parameters
4 measured 11 parameters
5 pulmonary 6 ,
5 pulmonary 11 parameters
7 cardiovascular 9 or
8 , 9 or
9 or 10 metabolic
9 or 11 parameters
11 parameters 12 interacted
12 interacted 13 with
13 with 14 maturity
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 magnitude
16 and 27 was
17 the 18 magnitude
18 magnitude 19 of
18 magnitude 27 was
19 of 24 and
20 the 21 difference
21 difference 22 between
21 difference 24 and
22 between 23 t
24 and 26 girls
25 ut 26 girls
27 was 28 similar
28 similar 31 of
29 , 31 of
30 irrespective 31 of
31 of 32 maturity
31 of 34 .

these results challenge the notion that differences in training status in young people are only evident once a maturational threshold has been exceeded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 challenge
3 challenge 5 notion
3 challenge 17 once
4 the 5 notion
5 notion 6 that
6 that 7 differences
6 that 14 are
7 differences 8 in
7 differences 14 are
8 in 9 training
9 training 10 status
9 training 11 in
11 in 13 people
12 young 13 people
14 are 15 only
14 are 16 evident
17 once 20 threshold
17 once 23 exceeded
18 a 19 maturational
18 a 20 threshold
19 maturational 20 threshold
20 threshold 21 has
21 has 22 been
22 been 23 exceeded

the ubiquitin - editing enzyme a20/tnfaip3 is essential for controlling signals inducing the activation of nuclear factor [-] κb transcription factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ubiquitin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 ubiquitin
3 - 4 editing
3 - 7 is
3 - 22 .
4 editing 5 enzyme
4 editing 7 is
6 a20/tnfaip3 7 is
7 is 8 essential
8 essential 9 for
9 for 10 controlling
10 controlling 11 signals
11 signals 12 inducing
12 inducing 14 activation
13 the 14 activation
14 activation 15 of
15 of 21 factors
16 nuclear 17 factor
17 factor 19 κb
19 κb 21 factors
20 transcription 21 factors

polymorphisms and mutations in the tnfaip3 gene are linked to various human autoimmune conditions , and inactivation of a20 is a frequent event in human b - cell lymphomas characterized by constitutive nuclear factor [-] κb activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 polymorphisms 2 and
2 and 3 mutations
2 and 8 are
3 mutations 4 in
4 in 7 gene
5 the 7 gene
6 tnfaip3 7 gene
8 are 9 linked
9 linked 10 to
10 to 14 conditions
11 various 14 conditions
12 human 14 conditions
13 autoimmune 14 conditions
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 inactivation
16 and 20 is
17 inactivation 18 of
17 inactivation 20 is
18 of 19 a20
20 is 23 event
21 a 22 frequent
21 a 23 event
22 frequent 23 event
23 event 24 in
23 event 29 lymphomas
24 in 25 human
25 human 26 b
27 - 29 lymphomas
28 cell 29 lymphomas
29 lymphomas 30 characterized
29 lymphomas 38 .
30 characterized 31 by
31 by 37 activity
32 constitutive 34 factor
33 nuclear 34 factor
34 factor 37 activity
36 κb 37 activity

through b cell - specific ablation in the mouse , we show here that a20 is required for the normal differentiation of the marginal zone b and b1 cell subsets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 through 2 b
1 through 3 cell
4 - 6 ablation
4 - 10 ,
5 specific 6 ablation
6 ablation 7 in
7 in 9 mouse
8 the 9 mouse
10 , 11 we
10 , 12 show
11 we 12 show
12 show 13 here
12 show 14 that
14 that 15 a20
14 that 17 required
15 a20 16 is
16 is 17 required
17 required 18 for
18 for 21 differentiation
19 the 21 differentiation
20 normal 21 differentiation
21 differentiation 22 of
22 of 30 subsets
23 the 30 subsets
24 marginal 25 zone
25 zone 26 b
25 zone 27 and
27 and 28 b1
27 and 29 cell
29 cell 30 subsets

however , loss of a20 in b [cells] lowers their activation threshold and enhances proliferation [and] survival in a gene - dose - dependent fashion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 13 and
4 of 5 a20
5 a20 6 in
6 in 7 b
9 lowers 12 threshold
9 lowers 13 and
10 their 12 threshold
11 activation 12 threshold
13 and 14 enhances
14 enhances 17 survival
14 enhances 18 in
15 proliferation 17 survival
18 in 20 gene
19 a 20 gene
21 - 22 dose
21 - 23 -
23 - 25 fashion
24 dependent 25 fashion

through the expression of proinflammatory cytokines , most [notably] interleukin - 6 , a20 - deficient [b] cells trigger a progressive inflammatory reaction in naive mice characterized by the expansion of myeloid cells , effector - type t cells , and regulatory [t] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 trigger
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 through 3 expression
1 through 18 cells
2 the 3 expression
3 expression 4 of
4 of 6 cytokines
5 proinflammatory 6 cytokines
6 cytokines 10 interleukin
7 , 10 interleukin
8 most 10 interleukin
10 interleukin 12 6
10 interleukin 15 -
11 - 12 6
12 6 14 a20
12 6 15 -
13 , 14 a20
14 a20 15 -
16 deficient 18 cells
18 cells 19 trigger
19 trigger 23 reaction
19 trigger 24 in
20 a 21 progressive
20 a 23 reaction
21 progressive 23 reaction
22 inflammatory 23 reaction
24 in 26 mice
25 naive 26 mice
26 mice 27 characterized
26 mice 31 of
27 characterized 28 by
28 by 30 expansion
29 the 30 expansion
31 of 33 cells
32 myeloid 33 cells
34 , 35 effector
34 , 36 -
36 - 37 type
37 type 38 t
37 type 41 and
39 cells 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 44 cells
42 regulatory 44 cells

this culminates in old mice in an autoimmune syndrome characterized [by] splenomegaly , plasma cell hyperplasia , and the presence of class - switched , tissue - specific autoantibodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 culminates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 culminates
2 culminates 3 in
2 culminates 6 in
3 in 5 mice
4 old 5 mice
6 in 18 and
7 an 9 syndrome
8 autoimmune 9 syndrome
9 syndrome 10 characterized
9 syndrome 13 ,
10 characterized 12 splenomegaly
13 , 16 hyperplasia
13 , 18 and
14 plasma 15 cell
15 cell 16 hyperplasia
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 presence
18 and 21 of
19 the 20 presence
21 of 22 class
22 class 24 switched
22 class 26 tissue
23 - 24 switched
24 switched 25 ,
25 , 26 tissue
26 tissue 27 -
27 - 29 autoantibodies
28 specific 29 autoantibodies

purpose : nuclear oxidative dna damage increases with age in human corneal endothelial cells ( hcecs ) and contributes to their decreased proliferative capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 6 damage
3 nuclear 6 damage
4 oxidative 6 damage
5 dna 6 damage
6 damage 18 and
7 increases 8 with
7 increases 18 and
8 with 9 age
9 age 10 in
10 in 14 cells
11 human 14 cells
12 corneal 14 cells
13 endothelial 14 cells
14 cells 16 hcecs
15 ( 16 hcecs
16 hcecs 17 )
18 and 19 contributes
18 and 20 to
20 to 24 capacity
21 their 24 capacity
22 decreased 24 capacity
23 proliferative 24 capacity

these studies investigated whether hcecs respond to this damage by upregulating their expression of oxidative stress and dna damage - signaling genes in an age - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 3 investigated
2 studies 10 by
2 studies 14 of
2 studies 19 damage
3 investigated 4 whether
3 investigated 7 to
4 whether 5 hcecs
4 whether 6 respond
5 hcecs 6 respond
7 to 9 damage
8 this 9 damage
10 by 11 upregulating
11 upregulating 13 expression
12 their 13 expression
14 of 17 and
15 oxidative 16 stress
16 stress 17 and
17 and 18 dna
19 damage 21 signaling
19 damage 28 manner
20 - 21 signaling
21 signaling 22 genes
21 signaling 26 -
22 genes 23 in
23 in 25 age
24 an 25 age
27 dependent 28 manner

methods : hcecs were dissected from the corneas of young [(] 30 years and younger ) [and] older [(] 50 years and older ) donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 hcecs
2 : 5 dissected
3 hcecs 4 were
4 were 5 dissected
5 dissected 6 from
6 from 22 and
7 the 8 corneas
8 corneas 9 of
8 corneas 14 and
9 of 13 years
10 young 13 years
12 30 13 years
14 and 21 years
14 and 22 and
15 younger 16 )
15 younger 21 years
18 older 21 years
20 50 21 years
22 and 25 donors
23 older 24 )
23 older 25 donors

total rna was isolated and reverse - transcribed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 total 2 rna
2 rna 3 was
3 was 5 and
4 isolated 5 and
5 and 6 reverse
6 reverse 8 transcribed
7 - 8 transcribed
8 transcribed 9 .

oxidative stress and dna damage - signaling gene expression were analyzed using commercial pcr - based microarrays . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 and
3 and 5 damage
3 and 6 -
3 and 7 signaling
3 and 10 were
4 dna 5 damage
7 signaling 9 expression
8 gene 9 expression
10 were 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 using
12 using 14 pcr
13 commercial 14 pcr
15 - 17 microarrays
16 based 17 microarrays

western blot analyses were conducted on selected proteins to verify the microarray results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 western 2 blot
2 blot 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 on
5 conducted 9 to
6 on 8 proteins
7 selected 8 proteins
9 to 10 verify
10 verify 12 microarray
10 verify 13 results
11 the 12 microarray
12 microarray 13 results

nuclear dna damage foci were detected in the endothelium [of] ex vivo corneas by immunostaining for h2ax - ser139 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 nuclear 2 dna
2 dna 3 damage
3 damage 4 foci
3 damage 5 were
3 damage 6 detected
4 foci 5 were
6 detected 7 in
6 detected 12 vivo
6 detected 13 corneas
6 detected 14 by
7 in 9 endothelium
8 the 9 endothelium
11 ex 12 vivo
14 by 15 immunostaining
15 immunostaining 16 for
16 for 17 h2ax
18 - 19 ser139
18 - 20 .

results : four of 84 genes showed a statistically significant age - related difference in the expression of oxidative stress [-] related genes ; however , western blot analysis demonstrated an age - related increase in only 2 ( cytoglobin and gpx - 1 ) of 11 proteins tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 four
3 four 4 of
4 of 5 84
5 84 6 genes
5 84 7 showed
6 genes 7 showed
7 showed 11 age
8 a 9 statistically
8 a 11 age
9 statistically 10 significant
10 significant 11 age
12 - 14 difference
12 - 22 related
12 - 24 ;
13 related 14 difference
14 difference 15 in
14 difference 18 of
14 difference 22 related
15 in 17 expression
16 the 17 expression
18 of 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress
22 related 23 genes
24 ; 29 analysis
24 ; 30 demonstrated
24 ; 33 -
25 however 26 ,
25 however 29 analysis
27 western 29 analysis
28 blot 29 analysis
29 analysis 30 demonstrated
30 demonstrated 32 age
31 an 32 age
33 - 35 increase
34 related 35 increase
35 increase 36 in
36 in 38 2
37 only 38 2
38 2 41 and
39 ( 41 and
40 cytoglobin 41 and
41 and 42 gpx
41 and 45 )
41 and 46 of
41 and 48 proteins
41 and 49 tested
41 and 50 .
42 gpx 44 1
43 - 44 1
44 1 45 )
46 of 47 11
48 proteins 49 tested

no age - related differences were detected in the expression of dna damage - signaling genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
1 no 2 age
2 age 6 were
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 differences
4 related 6 were
6 were 7 detected
7 detected 8 in
8 in 10 expression
9 the 10 expression
10 expression 11 of
11 of 13 damage
12 dna 13 damage
13 damage 15 signaling
14 - 15 signaling
15 signaling 16 genes
15 signaling 17 .

western blot analysis of seven dna damage - related proteins verified this finding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 western 2 blot
2 blot 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 11 verified
4 of 7 damage
5 seven 7 damage
6 dna 7 damage
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 proteins
9 related 11 verified
11 verified 13 finding
12 this 13 finding

intense nuclear staining of dna damage foci was observed in nuclei within the central endothelium of older donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 staining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 intense 3 staining
2 nuclear 3 staining
3 staining 4 of
3 staining 8 was
4 of 7 foci
5 dna 7 foci
6 damage 7 foci
8 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
9 observed 12 within
10 in 11 nuclei
12 within 15 endothelium
13 the 15 endothelium
14 central 15 endothelium
15 endothelium 16 of
16 of 18 donors
17 older 18 donors

central endothelium from young donors consistently showed a low level of positive staining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endothelium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 central 2 endothelium
2 endothelium 3 from
2 endothelium 7 showed
3 from 5 donors
4 young 5 donors
6 consistently 7 showed
7 showed 10 level
8 a 9 low
8 a 10 level
9 low 10 level
10 level 11 of
11 of 13 staining
12 positive 13 staining

conclusions : hcecs respond to age - related increases in oxidative nuclear dna damage by forming dna damage repair foci ; however , they do not vigorously defend against [or] repair this damage by upregulating the expression of multiple oxidative stress or dna damage - signaling genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
2 : 3 hcecs
2 : 4 respond
2 : 8 related
2 : 21 ;
3 hcecs 4 respond
4 respond 5 to
5 to 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 increases
8 related 21 ;
9 increases 10 in
10 in 14 damage
11 oxidative 14 damage
12 nuclear 14 damage
13 dna 14 damage
14 damage 15 by
15 by 20 foci
16 forming 20 foci
17 dna 18 damage
18 damage 19 repair
19 repair 20 foci
21 ; 24 they
21 ; 28 defend
22 however 23 ,
22 however 24 they
24 they 25 do
25 do 26 not
25 do 28 defend
27 vigorously 28 defend
28 defend 29 against
28 defend 33 damage
28 defend 34 by
29 against 31 repair
32 this 33 damage
34 by 35 upregulating
35 upregulating 37 expression
36 the 37 expression
37 expression 38 of
37 expression 46 signaling
38 of 42 or
39 multiple 41 stress
40 oxidative 41 stress
41 stress 42 or
42 or 44 damage
42 or 45 -
43 dna 44 damage
46 signaling 47 genes

the aim of this study was to evaluate the age - related changes in postural control during a simple quiet standing task and a dual - task paradigm ( applying a memory - spatial task [and] quiet standing ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 age
9 the 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 changes
12 related 14 in
12 related 17 during
12 related 40 .
14 in 16 control
15 postural 16 control
17 during 23 and
18 a 22 task
19 simple 20 quiet
20 quiet 21 standing
21 standing 22 task
22 task 23 and
23 and 28 paradigm
23 and 30 applying
23 and 37 quiet
24 a 25 dual
24 a 28 paradigm
25 dual 26 -
25 dual 27 task
27 task 28 paradigm
29 ( 30 applying
30 applying 32 memory
30 applying 33 -
31 a 32 memory
33 - 37 quiet
34 spatial 37 quiet
35 task 37 quiet
37 quiet 38 standing
37 quiet 39 )

thirty - five subjects were divided in two age - related groups : both younger [(] y : 20 - 26 years [ )(and older ( o [:] [60] - 77 years ) groups performed a simple postural task ( quiet standing [ )(and [a] dual - task ( a visual memory task combined with quiet standing ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 were
5 were 6 divided
6 divided 7 in
7 in 9 age
8 two 9 age
10 - 12 groups
10 - 13 :
11 related 12 groups
13 : 22 years
13 : 24 )(and
14 both 22 years
15 younger 22 years
17 y 18 :
18 : 20 -
19 20 20 -
20 - 21 26
21 26 22 years
24 )(and 34 groups
25 older 34 groups
26 ( 30 -
27 o 30 -
30 - 32 years
30 - 33 )
30 - 34 groups
31 77 32 years
34 groups 35 performed
35 performed 39 task
36 a 39 task
37 simple 39 task
38 postural 39 task
39 task 48 task
40 ( 48 task
41 quiet 48 task
42 standing 44 )(and
44 )(and 46 dual
44 )(and 47 -
44 )(and 48 task
48 task 53 task
48 task 59 .
49 ( 53 task
50 a 53 task
51 visual 52 memory
52 memory 53 task
53 task 54 combined
53 task 57 standing
53 task 58 )
54 combined 55 with
55 with 56 quiet

measures of the center of pressure ( cop ) were recorded and its two components , the center of gravity ( cg ) and the differential cop - cg , were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 measures 2 of
1 measures 5 of
1 measures 8 cop
1 measures 10 were
2 of 4 center
3 the 4 center
5 of 6 pressure
7 ( 8 cop
8 cop 9 )
10 were 11 recorded
12 and 15 components
12 and 32 evaluated
13 its 14 two
14 two 15 components
15 components 24 and
15 components 31 were
16 , 24 and
17 the 18 center
18 center 19 of
18 center 24 and
19 of 20 gravity
20 gravity 22 cg
21 ( 22 cg
22 cg 23 )
24 and 27 cop
24 and 29 cg
24 and 30 ,
25 the 26 differential
26 differential 27 cop
28 - 29 cg
29 cg 30 ,
31 were 32 evaluated

an age - related effect was observed in static postural performance during dual - tasking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 an 2 age
2 age 6 was
3 - 4 related
4 related 5 effect
4 related 6 was
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
7 observed 12 during
8 in 11 performance
9 static 11 performance
10 postural 11 performance
12 during 15 tasking
13 dual 14 -
13 dual 15 tasking

postural stability led to improved performance in younger subjects during the dual - task and but not in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 postural 2 stability
2 stability 3 led
3 led 4 to
3 led 7 in
3 led 18 in
4 to 6 performance
5 improved 6 performance
7 in 9 subjects
8 younger 9 subjects
9 subjects 15 and
10 during 14 task
10 during 15 and
11 the 14 task
12 dual 13 -
12 dual 14 task
15 and 16 but
16 but 17 not
18 in 20 elderly
19 the 20 elderly

of the results suggest there is a " cognition first " principle for the younger adults , that is , the mirror image of the " posture first " principle observed in older adults under dual - tasking situations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 of 3 results
1 of 4 suggest
2 the 3 results
4 suggest 5 there
4 suggest 31 observed
5 there 6 is
6 is 12 principle
6 is 19 is
7 a 8 "
7 a 12 principle
9 cognition 12 principle
10 first 11 "
10 first 12 principle
12 principle 13 for
13 for 16 adults
14 the 16 adults
15 younger 16 adults
17 , 19 is
18 that 19 is
19 is 20 ,
21 the 23 image
22 mirror 23 image
23 image 24 of
23 image 31 observed
24 of 30 principle
25 the 26 "
25 the 30 principle
27 posture 30 principle
28 first 29 "
28 first 30 principle
31 observed 32 in
31 observed 35 under
32 in 34 adults
33 older 34 adults
35 under 39 situations
36 dual 37 -
36 dual 39 situations
38 tasking 39 situations

to prevent cancer , mammals have evolved potent tumor suppression mechanisms , including senescence and apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 to 2 prevent
2 prevent 3 cancer
4 , 5 mammals
4 , 7 evolved
5 mammals 6 have
6 have 7 evolved
7 evolved 15 and
8 potent 9 tumor
9 tumor 11 mechanisms
10 suppression 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 ,
12 , 14 senescence
12 , 15 and
13 including 14 senescence
15 and 16 apoptosis

these processes depend on regulation of chromatin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 these 2 processes
2 processes 3 depend
3 depend 4 on
4 on 5 regulation
5 regulation 6 of
6 of 7 chromatin

chromatin - dependent tumor suppressor pathways are activated in premalignant cells and tissues harboring cancer - causing genetic alterations , and also in normal aged tissue , the latter likely due to accumulation of genetic and cellular damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 activated
1 chromatin 2 -
1 chromatin 6 pathways
3 dependent 4 tumor
4 tumor 6 pathways
5 suppressor 6 pathways
6 pathways 7 are
7 are 8 activated
8 activated 21 and
9 in 12 and
9 in 21 and
10 premalignant 11 cells
11 cells 12 and
12 and 13 tissues
12 and 14 harboring
14 harboring 15 cancer
15 cancer 17 causing
16 - 17 causing
17 causing 19 alterations
17 causing 20 ,
18 genetic 19 alterations
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 also
21 and 23 in
23 in 26 tissue
24 normal 26 tissue
25 aged 26 tissue
26 tissue 29 latter
27 , 29 latter
28 the 29 latter
29 latter 30 likely
29 latter 39 .
30 likely 32 to
31 due 32 to
32 to 33 accumulation
33 accumulation 34 of
34 of 38 damage
35 genetic 36 and
36 and 37 cellular
36 and 38 damage

paradoxically , however , disruption of chromatin structure may also promote cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 disruption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 promote
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 paradoxically 2 ,
1 paradoxically 5 disruption
2 , 3 however
3 however 4 ,
3 however 5 disruption
5 disruption 6 of
5 disruption 9 may
6 of 8 structure
7 chromatin 8 structure
9 may 11 promote
10 also 11 promote
11 promote 12 cancer

apparent defects in chromatin structure accumulate with age , the biggest single risk factor for cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 defects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accumulate
1 apparent 2 defects
2 defects 3 in
2 defects 6 accumulate
3 in 5 structure
4 chromatin 5 structure
6 accumulate 7 with
7 with 8 age
8 age 14 factor
9 , 14 factor
10 the 11 biggest
10 the 14 factor
12 single 14 factor
13 risk 14 factor
14 factor 15 for
14 factor 17 .
15 for 16 cancer

evidence suggests that these age - associated perturbations in chromatin structure contribute to the age [-] associated increase [in] incidence of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 evidence 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 4 these
3 that 5 age
4 these 5 age
6 - 8 perturbations
6 - 12 contribute
6 - 23 .
7 associated 8 perturbations
8 perturbations 9 in
8 perturbations 12 contribute
9 in 11 structure
10 chromatin 11 structure
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 20 incidence
14 the 20 incidence
15 age 20 incidence
17 associated 18 increase
18 increase 20 incidence
20 incidence 21 of
21 of 22 cancer

thus , alterations in chromatin structure can both suppress and [promote] the onset of cancer , and both activities are inextricably linked to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 10 and
3 alterations 4 in
3 alterations 10 and
4 in 5 chromatin
5 chromatin 6 structure
5 chromatin 9 suppress
6 structure 7 can
7 can 9 suppress
8 both 9 suppress
10 and 13 onset
10 and 14 of
10 and 20 are
12 the 13 onset
14 of 17 and
15 cancer 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 activities
18 both 19 activities
20 are 21 inextricably
20 are 22 linked
22 linked 23 to
23 to 24 aging

[none] the geometry as well as bone mineral density ( bmd ) of the proximal femur contributes to fracture risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 geometry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 contributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 the 3 geometry
3 geometry 6 as
3 geometry 13 of
3 geometry 17 contributes
4 as 5 well
5 well 6 as
6 as 9 density
7 bone 9 density
8 mineral 9 density
9 density 11 bmd
10 ( 11 bmd
11 bmd 12 )
13 of 16 femur
14 the 16 femur
15 proximal 16 femur
17 contributes 18 to
18 to 19 fracture
19 fracture 20 risk

how and the extent to which they change due to natural aging is not fully understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 and 4 extent
2 and 16 understood
3 the 4 extent
4 extent 5 to
4 extent 13 is
5 to 6 which
5 to 7 they
5 to 8 change
7 they 8 change
8 change 10 to
9 due 10 to
10 to 12 aging
11 natural 12 aging
13 is 14 not
13 is 15 fully
13 is 16 understood

we assessed bmd and geometry in the femoral neck and shaft separately , in 59 normal japanese postmenopausal women aged 54 - 84 years , using clinical computed tomography ( ct ) and commercially available software , at baseline and 2 [-] year follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 and
1 we 10 and
2 assessed 4 and
2 assessed 6 in
2 assessed 10 and
3 bmd 4 and
4 and 5 geometry
6 in 9 neck
7 the 9 neck
8 femoral 9 neck
10 and 11 shaft
10 and 12 separately
10 and 14 in
10 and 38 at
13 , 14 in
14 in 19 women
14 in 37 ,
15 59 19 women
16 normal 19 women
17 japanese 19 women
18 postmenopausal 19 women
19 women 20 aged
19 women 33 and
20 aged 21 54
22 - 33 and
23 84 24 years
24 years 26 using
24 years 33 and
25 , 26 using
26 using 29 tomography
26 using 32 )
27 clinical 29 tomography
28 computed 29 tomography
29 tomography 31 ct
30 ( 31 ct
31 ct 32 )
33 and 36 software
33 and 37 ,
34 commercially 35 available
35 available 36 software
38 at 39 baseline
40 and 43 year
40 and 44 follow
41 2 43 year
43 year 44 follow
44 follow 46 up
45 - 46 up
46 up 47 .

in the femoral shaft , cortical bmd decreased significantly [(] - 0.642 ± [0.188%/year] , p < 0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 0.642
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ±
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 4 shaft
1 in 12 0.642
2 the 4 shaft
3 femoral 4 shaft
4 shaft 7 bmd
5 , 7 bmd
6 cortical 7 bmd
7 bmd 8 decreased
7 bmd 11 -
8 decreased 9 significantly
12 0.642 13 ±
13 ± 17 <
15 , 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.005
17 < 19 )

the distinct patterns of age - related changes in the geometry and biomechanical properties in the femoral neck and shaft suggest that improved geometric measures are possible with the current [non] - invasive method using clinical ct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 3 patterns
2 distinct 3 patterns
3 patterns 4 of
3 patterns 21 suggest
4 of 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 changes
7 related 9 in
7 related 15 in
7 related 21 suggest
9 in 12 and
10 the 11 geometry
11 geometry 12 and
12 and 14 properties
13 biomechanical 14 properties
15 in 19 and
16 the 18 neck
17 femoral 18 neck
18 neck 19 and
19 and 20 shaft
21 suggest 25 measures
21 suggest 26 are
22 that 23 improved
23 improved 25 measures
24 geometric 25 measures
25 measures 26 are
26 are 27 possible
27 possible 28 with
28 with 34 method
29 the 34 method
30 current 32 -
30 current 34 method
33 invasive 34 method
34 method 35 using
35 using 37 ct
36 clinical 37 ct

none [purpose] : given evidence of limitations in neuropsychological performance in epilepsy , we probed the integrity of components of cognition -- including speed of processing , response inhibition , and spatial working memory -- supporting executive function in pediatric epilepsy patients and matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
3 : 14 we
3 : 15 probed
3 : 27 ,
3 : 46 .
4 given 5 evidence
4 given 11 in
4 given 13 ,
4 given 14 we
5 evidence 6 of
6 of 7 limitations
7 limitations 8 in
8 in 10 performance
9 neuropsychological 10 performance
11 in 12 epilepsy
14 we 15 probed
15 probed 17 integrity
15 probed 23 including
16 the 17 integrity
17 integrity 18 of
18 of 19 components
19 components 20 of
20 of 21 cognition
22 -- 23 including
23 including 24 speed
23 including 27 ,
24 speed 25 of
25 of 26 processing
27 , 31 and
27 , 43 and
28 response 29 inhibition
29 inhibition 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 memory
31 and 35 --
31 and 36 supporting
31 and 43 and
32 spatial 34 memory
33 working 34 memory
36 supporting 37 executive
38 function 39 in
38 function 43 and
39 in 42 patients
40 pediatric 41 epilepsy
41 epilepsy 42 patients
43 and 44 matched
44 matched 45 controls

methods : a total of 44 pairs of controls and medically treated pediatric epilepsy patients with no known brain pathology completed cognitive oculomotor tasks , computerized neuropsychological testing , and psychiatric assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 25 ,
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 of
4 total 25 ,
5 of 7 pairs
6 44 7 pairs
8 of 10 and
9 controls 10 and
10 and 12 treated
11 medically 12 treated
12 treated 15 patients
13 pediatric 14 epilepsy
14 epilepsy 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
16 with 23 oculomotor
17 no 23 oculomotor
18 known 19 brain
19 brain 21 completed
20 pathology 21 completed
21 completed 23 oculomotor
22 cognitive 23 oculomotor
24 tasks 25 ,
25 , 26 computerized
25 , 30 and
27 neuropsychological 28 testing
28 testing 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 assessment
31 psychiatric 32 assessment

key findings : patients showed slower reaction time to initiate a saccadic response compared to controls but had intact saccade accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 key 2 findings
3 : 4 patients
3 : 5 showed
4 patients 5 showed
5 showed 6 slower
5 showed 8 time
5 showed 14 compared
7 reaction 8 time
8 time 9 to
8 time 10 initiate
8 time 14 compared
9 to 10 initiate
10 initiate 13 response
11 a 12 saccadic
11 a 13 response
12 saccadic 13 response
14 compared 15 to
15 to 17 but
16 controls 17 but
17 but 18 had
18 had 21 accuracy
19 intact 20 saccade
20 saccade 21 accuracy

cognitively driven responses including response inhibition were impaired in the patient group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 cognitively 2 driven
2 driven 3 responses
3 responses 4 including
3 responses 7 were
4 including 6 inhibition
5 response 6 inhibition
7 were 8 impaired
8 impaired 9 in
9 in 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 patient 12 group

patients had increased incidence [of] comorbid psychopathology , but comorbidity did not predict worse functioning compared to patients with no attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 patients 9 but
2 had 3 increased
2 had 9 but
3 increased 7 psychopathology
4 incidence 6 comorbid
6 comorbid 7 psychopathology
8 , 9 but
9 but 13 predict
10 comorbidity 11 did
11 did 12 not
11 did 13 predict
13 predict 15 functioning
13 predict 17 to
13 predict 19 with
14 worse 15 functioning
15 functioning 16 compared
17 to 18 patients
19 with 24 disorder
20 no 24 disorder
21 attention 22 deficit
22 deficit 23 hyperactivity
23 hyperactivity 24 disorder
24 disorder 26 adhd
25 ( 26 adhd
26 adhd 27 )

epilepsy [type] and medication status were not predictive of outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 epilepsy 3 and
3 and 4 medication
3 and 5 status
3 and 9 of
3 and 10 outcome
5 status 6 were
6 were 7 not
6 were 9 of
7 not 8 predictive

more complex neuropsychological performance was impaired in tasks requiring visual memory and sequential processing , which was correlated with inhibitory control and antisaccade accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 more 4 performance
2 complex 4 performance
3 neuropsychological 4 performance
4 performance 5 was
5 was 6 impaired
6 impaired 7 in
7 in 8 tasks
8 tasks 9 requiring
9 requiring 12 and
10 visual 11 memory
11 memory 12 and
12 and 14 processing
13 sequential 14 processing
15 , 16 which
15 , 18 correlated
16 which 17 was
17 was 18 correlated
18 correlated 19 with
19 with 22 and
20 inhibitory 21 control
21 control 22 and
22 and 24 accuracy
23 antisaccade 24 accuracy

significance : pediatric epilepsy may be associated with vulnerabilities that specifically undermine speed of processing and response inhibition but not working memory , and may underlie known neuropsychological performance limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 be
2 : 31 .
3 pediatric 4 epilepsy
4 epilepsy 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 9 vulnerabilities
9 vulnerabilities 10 that
9 vulnerabilities 24 and
10 that 24 and
11 specifically 12 undermine
12 undermine 13 speed
12 undermine 19 but
12 undermine 24 and
13 speed 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 processing 16 and
16 and 18 inhibition
17 response 18 inhibition
19 but 20 not
19 but 22 memory
20 not 21 working
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 may
25 may 26 underlie
26 underlie 30 limitations
27 known 29 performance
28 neuropsychological 29 performance
29 performance 30 limitations

this particular profile of abnormalities may be associated with seizure - mediated compromises in brain maturation early in development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 particular
2 particular 3 profile
3 profile 4 of
3 profile 6 may
4 of 5 abnormalities
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 seizure
11 - 13 compromises
12 mediated 13 compromises
13 compromises 14 in
14 in 16 maturation
15 brain 16 maturation
16 maturation 17 early
17 early 18 in
18 in 19 development

objectives : to examine drinking trajectories followed by two cohorts of older women over 8 to 10 years [of] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 follow
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 trajectories
5 drinking 6 trajectories
6 trajectories 7 followed
6 trajectories 8 by
6 trajectories 11 of
8 by 10 cohorts
9 two 10 cohorts
11 of 13 women
12 older 13 women
13 women 16 to
14 over 15 8
15 8 16 to
16 to 17 10
17 10 18 years
18 years 20 follow
20 follow 22 up
21 - 22 up
22 up 23 .

design : longitudinal analyses of two nationally representative cohorts using semiparametric [group] - based models weighted and adjusted for baseline age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 analyses
2 : 10 using
3 longitudinal 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 of
5 of 9 cohorts
6 two 9 cohorts
7 nationally 8 representative
8 representative 9 cohorts
10 using 15 models
11 semiparametric 13 -
11 semiparametric 15 models
14 based 15 models
15 models 17 and
16 weighted 17 and
17 and 18 adjusted
17 and 19 for
19 for 21 age
20 baseline 21 age

setting : study data were obtained from detailed interviews conducted in the home or [by] telephone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 6 obtained
3 study 4 data
4 data 5 were
5 were 6 obtained
6 obtained 7 from
7 from 9 interviews
8 detailed 9 interviews
9 interviews 10 conducted
9 interviews 11 in
11 in 14 or
12 the 13 home
13 home 14 or
14 or 16 telephone

participants : one cohort included 5,231 women in the health and retirement study ( hrs ) aged 50 to 65 in 1996 ; the other included 1,658 women in the national longitudinal survey ( nls ) aged 50 to 65 in 1995 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 4 cohort
2 : 23 ;
3 one 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 included
4 cohort 7 women
4 cohort 17 aged
6 5,231 7 women
7 women 8 in
7 women 15 hrs
7 women 17 aged
8 in 13 study
9 the 13 study
10 health 11 and
11 and 12 retirement
12 retirement 13 study
14 ( 15 hrs
15 hrs 16 )
17 aged 19 to
17 aged 21 in
18 50 19 to
19 to 20 65
21 in 22 1996
23 ; 25 other
24 the 25 other
25 other 26 included
26 included 28 women
27 1,658 28 women
28 women 29 in
28 women 37 aged
28 women 41 in
29 in 35 nls
30 the 35 nls
31 national 32 longitudinal
32 longitudinal 33 survey
33 survey 35 nls
34 ( 35 nls
35 nls 36 )
37 aged 39 to
38 50 39 to
39 to 40 65
41 in 42 1995

measurements : both cohorts reported any recent drinking and average number of drinks per drinking day using similar but not identical questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 cohorts
2 : 5 reported
2 : 23 .
3 both 4 cohorts
4 cohorts 5 reported
5 reported 9 and
5 reported 17 using
6 any 8 drinking
7 recent 8 drinking
8 drinking 9 and
9 and 11 number
9 and 12 of
10 average 11 number
12 of 13 drinks
13 drinks 14 per
14 per 16 day
15 drinking 16 day
17 using 19 but
17 using 22 questions
18 similar 19 but
19 but 20 not
19 but 21 identical
20 not 21 identical

hrs women completed six interviews ( [one] every other year ) from 1996 to 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 hrs 2 women
2 women 3 completed
3 completed 5 interviews
3 completed 14 to
4 six 5 interviews
5 interviews 10 year
6 ( 10 year
8 every 9 other
9 other 10 year
10 year 11 )
12 from 14 to
13 1996 14 to
14 to 15 2006

nls women completed five interviews from 1995 to 2003 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 nls 2 women
2 women 3 completed
3 completed 5 interviews
3 completed 8 to
4 five 5 interviews
6 from 8 to
7 1995 8 to
8 to 9 2003

results : all trajectory models yielded similar results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 models
2 : 6 yielded
2 : 9 .
3 all 5 models
4 trajectory 5 models
5 models 6 yielded
6 yielded 8 results
7 similar 8 results

for hrs women , four trajectory groups were observed in the model based on drinks per day : increasing drinkers ( 4.9 % [of] [cohort] ) , infrequent and nondrinkers ( 61.8 % ) , consistent drinkers ( 25.9 % ) , and decreasing drinkers ( 7.4 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 for 3 women
1 for 4 ,
1 for 7 groups
2 hrs 3 women
5 four 7 groups
6 trajectory 7 groups
7 groups 8 were
8 were 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
10 in 12 model
11 the 12 model
12 model 13 based
13 based 14 on
14 on 15 drinks
15 drinks 16 per
16 per 17 day
18 : 20 drinkers
18 : 27 ,
19 increasing 20 drinkers
20 drinkers 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 4.9 23 %
23 % 26 )
27 , 43 and
28 infrequent 29 and
29 and 30 nondrinkers
29 and 33 %
29 and 37 drinkers
29 and 43 and
31 ( 33 %
32 61.8 33 %
33 % 34 )
35 , 37 drinkers
36 consistent 37 drinkers
37 drinkers 40 %
37 drinkers 42 ,
38 ( 40 %
39 25.9 40 %
40 % 41 )
43 and 45 drinkers
43 and 48 %
44 decreasing 45 drinkers
46 ( 48 %
47 7.4 48 %
48 % 49 )

corresponding nls values from the drinks per day model were 8.8 % , 61.4 % , 21.2 % , [and] 8.6 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 corresponding 2 nls
2 nls 3 values
3 values 4 from
3 values 10 were
4 from 6 drinks
5 the 6 drinks
6 drinks 7 per
7 per 9 model
8 day 9 model
10 were 12 %
10 were 24 respectively
11 8.8 12 %
12 % 15 %
12 % 22 %
13 , 15 %
14 61.4 15 %
15 % 18 %
15 % 19 ,
16 , 18 %
17 21.2 18 %
18 % 19 ,
19 , 22 %
21 8.6 22 %
22 % 23 ,

in 2006 , the average number of drinks per day for hrs women in the increasing drinker and consistent drinker trajectories was 1.31 and 1.59 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
1 in 2 2006
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 number
4 the 6 number
5 average 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 9 per
6 number 11 for
6 number 22 was
7 of 8 drinks
9 per 10 day
11 for 18 and
12 hrs 13 women
13 women 14 in
13 women 18 and
14 in 17 drinker
15 the 17 drinker
16 increasing 17 drinker
18 and 21 trajectories
19 consistent 20 drinker
20 drinker 21 trajectories
22 was 24 and
22 was 27 respectively
23 1.31 24 and
24 and 25 1.59
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 .

in 2003 , these values for nls women were 0.99 and 1.38 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
1 in 2 2003
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 values
4 these 5 values
5 values 6 for
5 values 9 were
6 for 8 women
7 nls 8 women
9 were 11 and
9 were 14 respectively
10 0.99 11 and
11 and 12 1.38
13 , 14 respectively
14 respectively 15 .

conclusion : most women do not markedly change their drinking behavior after age 50 , but some increase their alcohol use substantially , whereas others continue to exceed current recommendations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 continue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 women
2 : 8 change
2 : 16 but
3 most 4 women
4 women 5 do
5 do 6 not
5 do 8 change
7 markedly 8 change
8 change 11 behavior
8 change 12 after
9 their 11 behavior
10 drinking 11 behavior
12 after 13 age
13 age 14 50
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 some
16 but 18 increase
17 some 18 increase
18 increase 21 use
18 increase 22 substantially
18 increase 24 whereas
19 their 21 use
20 alcohol 21 use
23 , 24 whereas
24 whereas 25 others
25 others 26 continue
26 continue 27 to
26 continue 28 exceed
27 to 28 exceed
28 exceed 30 recommendations
29 current 30 recommendations

these findings underscore the importance of periodically asking older women about their drinking to assess , advise , and assist those who may be at risk for developing alcohol - related problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 16 ,
3 underscore 5 importance
3 underscore 11 about
3 underscore 16 ,
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 8 asking
7 periodically 8 asking
8 asking 10 women
9 older 10 women
11 about 13 drinking
12 their 13 drinking
13 drinking 14 to
13 drinking 15 assess
14 to 15 assess
16 , 19 and
16 , 25 at
17 advise 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 assist
20 assist 21 those
21 those 22 who
21 those 23 may
22 who 23 may
23 may 24 be
25 at 26 risk
26 risk 27 for
27 for 28 developing
28 developing 29 alcohol
30 - 31 related
31 related 32 problems

objectives : to examine the effect of homebound status of older persons in israel on mortality , mental health and function , future homebound status , and institutionalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 effect
4 examine 15 on
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 status
8 homebound 9 status
9 status 10 of
10 of 12 persons
11 older 12 persons
12 persons 13 in
13 in 14 israel
15 on 27 and
16 mortality 17 ,
17 , 19 health
17 , 20 and
18 mental 19 health
20 and 21 function
20 and 22 ,
22 , 25 status
22 , 27 and
23 future 25 status
24 homebound 25 status
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 institutionalization

design : cross - sectional and longitudinal analysis using existing data sets of a national survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 8 analysis
5 sectional 6 and
6 and 7 longitudinal
6 and 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 using
8 analysis 13 of
9 using 12 sets
10 existing 12 sets
11 data 12 sets
13 of 16 survey
14 a 16 survey
15 national 16 survey

setting : a national survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 survey
3 a 4 national
3 a 5 survey
4 national 5 survey

participants : the analyzed sample was drawn from a representative cohort of 1,191 older persons in israel ( mean age 83.1±5.3 ) in the first wave of the cross - sectional and longitudinal aging study and 621 participants in the second wave of the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 5 sample
2 : 7 drawn
2 : 30 -
3 the 5 sample
4 analyzed 5 sample
5 sample 6 was
6 was 7 drawn
7 drawn 8 from
7 drawn 16 in
7 drawn 23 in
8 from 11 cohort
9 a 11 cohort
10 representative 11 cohort
11 cohort 12 of
12 of 15 persons
13 1,191 15 persons
14 older 15 persons
16 in 17 israel
17 israel 21 83.1±5.3
18 ( 21 83.1±5.3
19 mean 21 83.1±5.3
20 age 21 83.1±5.3
21 83.1±5.3 22 )
23 in 26 wave
24 the 25 first
24 the 26 wave
26 wave 27 of
27 of 29 cross
28 the 29 cross
30 - 36 and
31 sectional 32 and
32 and 35 study
32 and 36 and
33 longitudinal 34 aging
34 aging 35 study
36 and 38 participants
36 and 43 of
37 621 38 participants
38 participants 39 in
39 in 42 wave
40 the 42 wave
41 second 42 wave
43 of 45 study
44 the 45 study

measurements : homebound status , health , function , environment , mental health , distal [events] , mortality , activities daily living ( adls ) , instrumental activities of daily living ( iadls ) , orientation - memory - concentration test , and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 4 status
3 homebound 4 status
5 , 43 and
6 health 7 ,
7 , 8 function
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 environment
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 health
11 , 14 ,
12 mental 13 health
14 , 28 activities
14 , 43 and
15 distal 18 mortality
15 distal 26 ,
15 distal 28 activities
17 , 18 mortality
18 mortality 20 activities
18 mortality 25 )
19 , 20 activities
20 activities 22 living
20 activities 24 adls
20 activities 25 )
21 daily 22 living
23 ( 24 adls
24 adls 25 )
27 instrumental 28 activities
28 activities 29 of
29 of 31 living
30 daily 31 living
31 living 33 iadls
31 living 36 orientation
32 ( 33 iadls
33 iadls 34 )
35 , 36 orientation
36 orientation 38 memory
36 orientation 42 ,
37 - 38 memory
38 memory 41 test
38 memory 42 ,
39 - 41 test
40 concentration 41 test
41 test 42 ,
43 and 44 center
43 and 45 for
45 for 49 scale
46 epidemiologic 47 studies
47 studies 48 depression
48 depression 49 scale

mortality data were recorded from the israeli national population registry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 mortality 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 recorded
4 recorded 5 from
5 from 10 registry
6 the 7 israeli
7 israeli 10 registry
8 national 9 population
9 population 10 registry

results : homebound participants had a significantly higher risk of mortality than their [non] [-] homebound counterparts , even after controlling for background variables , health , and function ( risk ratio=1.33 , 95 % confidence interval=1.08 - 1.63 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 homebound
2 : 20 after
3 homebound 4 participants
3 homebound 19 even
4 participants 18 ,
5 had 9 risk
5 had 12 than
5 had 18 ,
6 a 9 risk
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 11 mortality
12 than 17 counterparts
13 their 17 counterparts
16 homebound 17 counterparts
18 , 19 even
20 after 21 controlling
21 controlling 22 for
21 controlling 37 interval=1.08
22 for 28 and
23 background 24 variables
24 variables 25 ,
25 , 26 health
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 function
28 and 32 ratio=1.33
30 ( 32 ratio=1.33
31 risk 32 ratio=1.33
32 ratio=1.33 33 ,
34 95 35 %
35 % 36 confidence
36 confidence 37 interval=1.08
37 interval=1.08 39 1.63
38 - 39 1.63
39 1.63 40 )

in cross - sectional analysis , homebound status was related to [depressed] affect even after controlling for demographics , health , and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 in 2 cross
3 - 5 analysis
4 sectional 5 analysis
5 analysis 7 homebound
6 , 7 homebound
7 homebound 8 status
7 homebound 13 affect
7 homebound 22 and
7 homebound 24 .
8 status 9 was
9 was 10 related
10 related 11 to
11 to 13 affect
13 affect 14 even
13 affect 17 for
14 even 15 after
15 after 16 controlling
17 for 18 demographics
19 , 22 and
20 health 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 function
22 and 24 .

in longitudinal analysis , homebound status predicted future depressed [affect] and adl and iadl difficulties when controlling for demographics and health , but only iadl prediction was statistically significant when baseline levels of the outcome variable were entered into the regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 into
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 status
2 longitudinal 3 analysis
5 homebound 6 status
6 status 7 predicted
7 predicted 15 difficulties
7 predicted 39 into
8 future 9 depressed
8 future 11 and
11 and 14 iadl
11 and 15 difficulties
12 adl 13 and
13 and 14 iadl
15 difficulties 16 when
15 difficulties 39 into
16 when 17 controlling
16 when 27 was
17 controlling 18 for
17 controlling 23 but
17 controlling 26 prediction
17 controlling 27 was
18 for 20 and
19 demographics 20 and
20 and 21 health
20 and 22 ,
23 but 24 only
25 iadl 26 prediction
27 was 29 significant
28 statistically 29 significant
29 significant 30 when
30 when 32 levels
30 when 37 were
31 baseline 32 levels
32 levels 33 of
32 levels 37 were
33 of 36 variable
34 the 36 variable
35 outcome 36 variable
38 entered 39 into
39 into 41 regression
40 the 41 regression

conclusion : the results highlight the detrimental effects of homebound status , underscoring the importance of preventing this state , of interventions to assist those who are homebound , and [of] future research to examine the efficacy and coverage of services to this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 highlight
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 highlight
5 highlight 8 effects
5 highlight 23 to
6 the 8 effects
7 detrimental 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
8 effects 21 of
9 of 11 status
10 homebound 11 status
11 status 13 underscoring
12 , 13 underscoring
13 underscoring 15 importance
13 underscoring 20 ,
14 the 15 importance
15 importance 16 of
16 of 17 preventing
17 preventing 19 state
18 this 19 state
21 of 22 interventions
23 to 24 assist
24 assist 25 those
24 assist 42 to
25 those 26 who
25 those 27 are
26 who 27 are
27 are 38 and
28 homebound 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 research
30 and 34 to
30 and 35 examine
30 and 38 and
32 future 33 research
34 to 35 examine
35 examine 37 efficacy
36 the 37 efficacy
38 and 39 coverage
38 and 40 of
40 of 41 services
42 to 44 population
43 this 44 population

aim : symptoms of late - onset hypogonadism ( loh ) are often unspecific , and the existence of a male [climacteric] has [been] much debated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 symptoms
2 : 12 are
2 : 15 ,
3 symptoms 4 of
3 symptoms 12 are
4 of 8 hypogonadism
5 late 6 -
5 late 8 hypogonadism
7 onset 8 hypogonadism
8 hypogonadism 10 loh
9 ( 10 loh
10 loh 11 )
12 are 13 often
12 are 14 unspecific
15 , 16 and
15 , 26 debated
16 and 18 existence
16 and 23 has
17 the 18 existence
18 existence 19 of
18 existence 23 has
19 of 21 male
20 a 21 male
23 has 25 much
23 has 26 debated

in this study , we investigate aging men 's thoughts [about] , and beliefs , in a ['] male [climacteric] ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigate
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigate
6 investigate 13 and
6 investigate 16 in
7 aging 8 men
8 men 9 's
9 's 10 thoughts
10 thoughts 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 beliefs
15 , 16 in
16 in 19 male
16 in 22 .
17 a 19 male

methods : a questionnaire was developed including background demographic data , symptoms possibly related to loh and questions about men 's thoughts and beliefs in a ['] male [climacteric] ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 questionnaire
2 : 5 was
2 : 14 related
3 a 4 questionnaire
4 questionnaire 5 was
5 was 10 data
6 developed 8 background
7 including 8 background
8 background 9 demographic
9 demographic 10 data
11 , 14 related
12 symptoms 14 related
13 possibly 14 related
14 related 15 to
14 related 19 about
14 related 25 in
15 to 17 and
16 loh 17 and
17 and 18 questions
19 about 23 and
20 men 21 's
21 's 22 thoughts
22 thoughts 23 and
23 and 24 beliefs
25 in 28 male
26 a 28 male

all men , 55 - , 65 - [and] 75 - years old , living in linkoping , sweden ( n=1885 ) received the questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 all 2 men
2 men 12 years
2 men 23 received
3 , 12 years
4 55 5 -
5 - 8 -
5 - 12 years
6 , 8 -
7 65 8 -
8 - 10 75
8 - 11 -
12 years 13 old
12 years 19 sweden
12 years 22 )
13 old 15 living
14 , 15 living
15 living 16 in
15 living 18 ,
16 in 17 linkoping
18 , 19 sweden
19 sweden 21 n=1885
19 sweden 22 )
20 ( 21 n=1885
21 n=1885 22 )
23 received 25 questionnaire
24 the 25 questionnaire

more than half believed that a ['] male [climacteric] ['] was related to decreased libido and less strong erections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 believed
1 more 2 than
2 than 3 half
3 half 4 believed
4 believed 5 that
5 that 8 male
5 that 12 related
6 a 8 male
8 male 11 was
11 was 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 16 and
14 decreased 15 libido
15 libido 16 and
16 and 19 erections
16 and 20 .
17 less 18 strong
18 strong 19 erections

almost half of the men thought that decreased memory and/or dystymia and anxiousness were related to a male climacteric . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 almost 2 half
2 half 3 of
2 half 6 thought
3 of 5 men
4 the 5 men
6 thought 7 that
6 thought 15 related
7 that 8 decreased
8 decreased 9 memory
8 decreased 10 and/or
10 and/or 12 and
11 dystymia 12 and
12 and 13 anxiousness
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 related
15 related 16 to
15 related 19 climacteric
16 to 18 male
17 a 18 male

conclusions : the majority of men have heard of a male [climacteric] , but only a minority had consulted a practitioner about their symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 6 men
2 : 8 heard
2 : 14 but
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 6 men
5 of 6 men
6 men 7 have
7 have 8 heard
8 heard 9 of
9 of 11 male
10 a 11 male
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 only
14 but 17 minority
14 but 19 consulted
16 a 17 minority
17 minority 18 had
18 had 19 consulted
19 consulted 21 practitioner
19 consulted 22 about
20 a 21 practitioner
22 about 24 symptoms
23 their 24 symptoms

more information and knowledge are needed , for the general population to better motivate men to seek medical advice and also for the health care professionals to better deal with the symptoms of loh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 more 2 information
2 information 3 and
3 and 4 knowledge
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 needed
7 , 14 motivate
7 , 20 and
8 for 11 population
8 for 14 motivate
9 the 11 population
10 general 11 population
11 population 12 to
11 population 13 better
12 to 13 better
14 motivate 15 men
14 motivate 16 to
14 motivate 17 seek
16 to 17 seek
17 seek 19 advice
18 medical 19 advice
20 and 21 also
20 and 26 professionals
20 and 29 deal
22 for 24 health
22 for 26 professionals
23 the 24 health
25 care 26 professionals
26 professionals 27 to
26 professionals 28 better
26 professionals 29 deal
27 to 28 better
29 deal 30 with
30 with 32 symptoms
31 the 32 symptoms
32 symptoms 33 of
33 of 34 loh

cancer control in canada refers to the development of comprehensive programs utilising modern techniques , tools and approaches that actively prevent [,] cure or manage cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 refers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 cancer 2 control
2 control 3 in
2 control 5 refers
3 in 4 canada
5 refers 6 to
6 to 17 and
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
8 development 15 ,
9 of 11 programs
10 comprehensive 11 programs
11 programs 12 utilising
12 utilising 14 techniques
13 modern 14 techniques
15 , 16 tools
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 approaches
17 and 19 that
17 and 24 or
19 that 24 or
20 actively 21 prevent
21 prevent 23 cure
21 prevent 24 or
24 or 25 manage
25 manage 26 cancer

the scope of such programs is quite vast . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 scope
2 scope 3 of
2 scope 6 is
3 of 5 programs
4 such 5 programs
6 is 8 vast
7 quite 8 vast

they range from prevention , early detection and screening , comprehensive treatment both curative and palliative to comprehensive palliative care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 they 2 range
2 range 3 from
2 range 15 and
2 range 17 to
3 from 12 treatment
4 prevention 5 ,
5 , 7 detection
5 , 8 and
6 early 7 detection
8 and 9 screening
8 and 10 ,
8 and 12 treatment
11 comprehensive 12 treatment
13 both 15 and
14 curative 15 and
15 and 16 palliative
17 to 20 care
18 comprehensive 19 palliative
19 palliative 20 care

cancer is a disease associated with the aging population , and as the population ages the incidence of cancer would be expected to rise as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 cancer 2 is
2 is 4 disease
3 a 4 disease
4 disease 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 population
7 the 9 population
8 aging 9 population
10 , 11 and
11 and 17 incidence
11 and 22 expected
12 as 14 population
12 as 15 ages
12 as 17 incidence
13 the 14 population
14 population 15 ages
16 the 17 incidence
17 incidence 18 of
17 incidence 20 would
18 of 19 cancer
20 would 21 be
21 be 22 expected
22 expected 23 to
22 expected 26 well
23 to 24 rise
25 as 26 well

this [in] itself poses a great challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 poses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 this 4 poses
3 itself 4 poses
4 poses 7 challenge
5 a 6 great
5 a 7 challenge
6 great 7 challenge

in addition , the aging population demographics with the projected rise in the numbers of senior citizens , especially the over 80 group in the next decade , poses its own creative challenges to health planners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 80
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 22 80
2 addition 7 demographics
3 , 7 demographics
4 the 7 demographics
5 aging 6 population
6 population 7 demographics
7 demographics 8 with
7 demographics 12 in
7 demographics 18 ,
8 with 11 rise
9 the 11 rise
10 projected 11 rise
12 in 17 citizens
13 the 14 numbers
14 numbers 15 of
14 numbers 17 citizens
15 of 17 citizens
16 senior 17 citizens
19 especially 22 80
20 the 22 80
21 over 22 80
22 80 28 ,
23 group 24 in
23 group 28 ,
24 in 27 decade
25 the 26 next
25 the 27 decade
28 , 29 poses
28 , 33 challenges
30 its 31 own
30 its 33 challenges
32 creative 33 challenges
33 challenges 34 to
34 to 36 planners
35 health 36 planners

in canada , health care is centrally administered , and controlled by the provincial governments of canada , under the canada health act . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 in 2 canada
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 care
4 health 5 care
5 care 10 and
6 is 8 administered
6 is 10 and
7 centrally 8 administered
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 controlled
10 and 12 by
12 by 15 governments
13 the 15 governments
14 provincial 15 governments
15 governments 16 of
16 of 17 canada
17 canada 19 under
18 , 19 under
19 under 23 act
19 under 24 .
20 the 23 act
21 canada 22 health
22 health 23 act

the challenge of developing comprehensive programs for the geriatric population requires changes in the care models and care pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 of
2 challenge 11 requires
3 of 4 developing
4 developing 6 programs
4 developing 7 for
5 comprehensive 6 programs
7 for 10 population
8 the 10 population
9 geriatric 10 population
11 requires 12 changes
11 requires 13 in
13 in 17 and
14 the 16 models
15 care 16 models
16 models 17 and
17 and 19 pathways
18 care 19 pathways

the patient - centred models that have been adapted require a multidisciplinary approach to the clientele and their families that integrates cancer therapy and geriatric care and realities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 5 models
2 patient 3 -
2 patient 5 models
4 centred 5 models
5 models 6 that
5 models 7 have
5 models 10 require
6 that 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 adapted
10 require 13 approach
10 require 14 to
11 a 12 multidisciplinary
11 a 13 approach
12 multidisciplinary 13 approach
14 to 27 and
15 the 16 clientele
16 clientele 17 and
17 and 19 families
17 and 20 that
17 and 21 integrates
17 and 24 and
18 their 19 families
20 that 21 integrates
21 integrates 23 therapy
22 cancer 23 therapy
24 and 26 care
24 and 27 and
25 geriatric 26 care
27 and 28 realities

this requires changes in the nursing and medical approach , as well as education in the subtleties of the two intersecting medical realities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 requires
1 this 2 requires
2 requires 3 changes
2 requires 13 as
3 changes 4 in
4 in 7 and
5 the 6 nursing
6 nursing 7 and
7 and 9 approach
8 medical 9 approach
10 , 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 14 education
13 as 24 .
14 education 15 in
14 education 18 of
15 in 17 subtleties
16 the 17 subtleties
18 of 23 realities
19 the 20 two
20 two 23 realities
21 intersecting 23 realities
22 medical 23 realities

background : studies on the relationship between testosterone concentrations and blood pressure have yielded inconsistent results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 studies
2 : 14 yielded
2 : 17 .
3 studies 4 on
3 studies 7 between
3 studies 13 have
4 on 6 relationship
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 10 and
8 testosterone 9 concentrations
9 concentrations 10 and
10 and 12 pressure
11 blood 12 pressure
13 have 14 yielded
14 yielded 16 results
15 inconsistent 16 results

therefore , this study investigated the prospective association of total testosterone ( tt ) concentrations with risk of incident hypertension [and] blood pressure change in 1,484 men aged 20 - 79 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 8 association
6 the 8 association
7 prospective 8 association
8 association 9 of
8 association 18 of
9 of 15 concentrations
10 total 15 concentrations
11 testosterone 13 tt
11 testosterone 15 concentrations
12 ( 13 tt
13 tt 14 )
15 concentrations 16 with
16 with 17 risk
18 of 32 years
19 incident 24 change
20 hypertension 24 change
22 blood 24 change
23 pressure 24 change
24 change 25 in
24 change 28 aged
25 in 27 men
26 1,484 27 men
28 aged 30 -
29 20 30 -
30 - 31 79
31 79 32 years

methods : data from the population - based study of health in pomerania , germany , were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 18 used
2 : 19 .
3 data 4 from
3 data 17 were
4 from 6 population
5 the 6 population
6 population 9 study
7 - 9 study
8 based 9 study
9 study 10 of
9 study 16 ,
10 of 11 health
11 health 12 in
11 health 15 germany
12 in 13 pomerania
14 , 15 germany
15 germany 16 ,
17 were 18 used

serum tt concentrations [,] measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays , were categorised into age - specific quartiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 serum 3 concentrations
2 tt 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 5 measured
3 concentrations 10 ,
5 measured 6 by
6 by 8 enzyme
7 chemiluminescent 8 enzyme
9 immunoassays 10 ,
10 , 11 were
10 , 17 quartiles
11 were 12 categorised
12 categorised 13 into
12 categorised 15 -
12 categorised 16 specific
13 into 14 age

generalised estimating equation ( gee ) models , adjusted for age , waist circumference , physical activity , smoking and alcohol consumption were specified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 generalised 7 models
1 generalised 8 ,
2 estimating 3 equation
3 equation 5 gee
4 ( 5 gee
5 gee 6 )
5 gee 7 models
8 , 9 adjusted
9 adjusted 10 for
10 for 11 age
12 , 14 circumference
12 , 15 ,
13 waist 14 circumference
15 , 20 and
15 , 24 specified
16 physical 17 activity
17 activity 18 ,
18 , 19 smoking
18 , 20 and
20 and 22 consumption
20 and 23 were
21 alcohol 22 consumption
23 were 24 specified

results : during a median follow - up time of 5.0 years , the prevalence [of] hypertension increased from 50.6 % to 57.1 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 follow
2 : 13 ,
2 : 25 .
3 during 5 median
3 during 6 follow
4 a 5 median
6 follow 8 up
7 - 8 up
8 up 9 time
8 up 13 ,
9 time 10 of
10 of 12 years
11 5.0 12 years
13 , 17 hypertension
13 , 18 increased
14 the 17 hypertension
15 prevalence 17 hypertension
17 hypertension 18 increased
18 increased 19 from
18 increased 22 to
19 from 21 %
20 50.6 21 %
22 to 24 %
23 57.1 24 %

tt concentrations were significantly lower in men with baseline and incident hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 tt 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 were
3 were 5 lower
4 significantly 5 lower
5 lower 6 in
5 lower 8 with
6 in 7 men
8 with 10 and
9 baseline 10 and
10 and 12 hypertension
11 incident 12 hypertension

analyses revealed that men with baseline tt concentrations in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of incident hypertension [(] odds [ratio] ( or ) , 1.19 ( 95 % ci , 1.10 - 1.28 ) ) compared to men with higher tt concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 analyses 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
3 that 4 men
3 that 13 had
4 men 5 with
4 men 9 in
4 men 13 had
5 with 8 concentrations
6 baseline 8 concentrations
7 tt 8 concentrations
9 in 12 quartile
10 the 11 lowest
10 the 12 quartile
13 had 16 risk
14 an 16 risk
15 increased 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
16 risk 24 or
17 of 21 odds
18 incident 21 odds
19 hypertension 21 odds
23 ( 24 or
24 or 25 )
26 , 27 1.19
26 , 38 compared
27 1.19 31 ci
27 1.19 38 compared
28 ( 31 ci
29 95 31 ci
30 % 31 ci
31 ci 34 -
31 ci 37 )
32 , 34 -
33 1.10 34 -
34 - 35 1.28
34 - 36 )
38 compared 39 to
39 to 40 men
40 men 41 with
41 with 44 concentrations
42 higher 44 concentrations
43 tt 44 concentrations

furthermore , we found a significant inverse association of tt concentrations and blood pressure , showing that men with baseline tt concentrations in the lowest quartile showed the slightest change in systolic blood pressure ( - 6.01 mmhg ) , diastolic blood pressure ( - 2.11 mmhg ) and pulse pressure ( - 3.98 mmhg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 8 association
4 found 11 concentrations
4 found 12 and
5 a 6 significant
5 a 8 association
6 significant 8 association
7 inverse 8 association
8 association 9 of
9 of 10 tt
12 and 13 blood
12 and 14 pressure
15 , 16 showing
15 , 27 showed
16 showing 17 that
16 showing 18 men
16 showing 26 quartile
16 showing 27 showed
18 men 19 with
18 men 23 in
18 men 26 quartile
19 with 22 concentrations
20 baseline 22 concentrations
21 tt 22 concentrations
23 in 25 lowest
24 the 25 lowest
27 showed 30 change
27 showed 34 pressure
27 showed 49 and
28 the 29 slightest
28 the 30 change
30 change 31 in
31 in 33 blood
32 systolic 33 blood
34 pressure 38 mmhg
34 pressure 43 pressure
35 ( 38 mmhg
36 - 37 6.01
37 6.01 38 mmhg
38 mmhg 39 )
40 , 43 pressure
41 diastolic 43 pressure
42 blood 43 pressure
43 pressure 47 mmhg
43 pressure 48 )
44 ( 47 mmhg
45 - 46 2.11
46 2.11 47 mmhg
47 mmhg 48 )
49 and 51 pressure
50 pulse 51 pressure
51 pressure 55 mmhg
52 ( 55 mmhg
53 - 54 3.98
54 3.98 55 mmhg
55 mmhg 56 )

sensitivity analyses in a subpopulation of men without antihypertensive medication confirmed these findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 sensitivity 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 in
2 analyses 11 confirmed
3 in 5 subpopulation
4 a 5 subpopulation
5 subpopulation 6 of
6 of 7 men
7 men 8 without
8 without 10 medication
9 antihypertensive 10 medication
11 confirmed 13 findings
12 these 13 findings

conclusion : these results show that low male tt concentrations are predictive [of] [hypertension] , suggesting tt as a potential biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 show
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 show
5 show 9 tt
5 show 10 concentrations
5 show 11 are
6 that 7 low
7 low 8 male
8 male 9 tt
10 concentrations 11 are
11 are 12 predictive
12 predictive 16 suggesting
15 , 16 suggesting
16 suggesting 17 tt
16 suggesting 26 .
17 tt 18 as
18 as 21 biomarker
19 a 20 potential
19 a 21 biomarker
20 potential 21 biomarker
21 biomarker 22 of
22 of 25 risk
23 increased 25 risk
24 cardiovascular 25 risk

introduction : the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among metabolic [syndrome] ( mets ) , erectile dysfunction ( ed ) and lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 25 and
10 investigate 12 relationship
10 investigate 13 among
10 investigate 25 and
11 the 12 relationship
13 among 21 dysfunction
14 metabolic 17 mets
14 metabolic 19 ,
14 metabolic 20 erectile
16 ( 17 mets
17 mets 18 )
20 erectile 21 dysfunction
21 dysfunction 23 ed
22 ( 23 ed
23 ed 24 )
25 and 26 lower
26 lower 29 symptoms
26 lower 33 in
27 urinary 28 tract
28 tract 29 symptoms
29 symptoms 31 luts
30 ( 31 luts
31 luts 32 )
33 in 34 patients
34 patients 35 with
34 patients 40 bph
35 with 38 hyperplasia
36 benign 38 hyperplasia
37 prostatic 38 hyperplasia
39 ( 40 bph
40 bph 41 )

methods : our study included 106 patients with bph , 33 ( 31.1 % ) of [whom] [had] mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 20 .
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 7 patients
5 included 8 with
6 106 7 patients
8 with 9 bph
9 bph 11 33
9 bph 16 of
10 , 11 33
11 33 14 %
11 33 15 )
12 ( 14 %
13 31.1 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 of 19 mets

blood pressures , waist circumferences , serum levels of fasting blood glucose , high density lipoprotein and triglyceride of patients were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 blood 2 pressures
2 pressures 3 ,
3 , 5 circumferences
3 , 6 ,
4 waist 5 circumferences
6 , 8 levels
6 , 13 ,
7 serum 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 12 glucose
10 fasting 12 glucose
11 blood 12 glucose
13 , 16 lipoprotein
13 , 17 and
14 high 15 density
15 density 16 lipoprotein
17 and 18 triglyceride
17 and 19 of
17 and 21 were
19 of 20 patients
21 were 22 recorded

erectile functions of the patients were evaluated by international index of erectile function ( iief ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 erectile 2 functions
2 functions 3 of
2 functions 6 were
3 of 5 patients
4 the 5 patients
6 were 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 by
8 by 10 index
9 international 10 index
10 index 11 of
11 of 15 iief
12 erectile 13 function
13 function 15 iief
14 ( 15 iief
15 iief 16 )

patients were divided into two groups according to iief scores , namely ['] mild/no ed ' [and] ['] moderate/severe ed ' . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 mild/no
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
3 divided 8 to
4 into 6 groups
5 two 6 groups
7 according 8 to
8 to 10 scores
9 iief 10 scores
11 , 14 mild/no
12 namely 14 mild/no
14 mild/no 21 '
15 ed 16 '
16 ' 20 ed
19 moderate/severe 20 ed
20 ed 21 '

iief scores of ed groups were between 17 and 30 and 6 - 16 in turn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 iief 2 scores
2 scores 3 of
2 scores 11 and
3 of 4 ed
4 ed 5 groups
4 ed 6 were
5 groups 6 were
6 were 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 17 9 and
9 and 10 30
11 and 16 turn
12 6 13 -
13 - 14 16
13 - 15 in
15 in 16 turn

luts severities were assessed by international prostate symptom score ( ipss ) and classified as mild [(] ipss 0 - 7 ) , moderate ( ipss 8 - 19 ) and severe ( ipss 20 - 35 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 severities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 luts 2 severities
2 severities 13 and
3 were 4 assessed
3 were 13 and
4 assessed 5 by
5 by 11 ipss
6 international 7 prostate
7 prostate 8 symptom
8 symptom 9 score
9 score 11 ipss
10 ( 11 ipss
11 ipss 12 )
13 and 14 classified
13 and 15 as
13 and 18 ipss
15 as 16 mild
18 ipss 19 0
18 ipss 21 7
18 ipss 31 and
20 - 21 7
21 7 22 )
23 , 31 and
24 moderate 28 -
24 moderate 31 and
25 ( 28 -
26 ipss 27 8
26 ipss 28 -
28 - 29 19
28 - 30 )
31 and 32 severe
31 and 38 )
32 severe 36 -
33 ( 36 -
34 ipss 35 20
34 ipss 36 -
36 - 37 35
36 - 38 )

results : there was a significant difference between ed groups concerning mets presence ( p=0.032 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 difference
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 difference
6 significant 7 difference
7 difference 8 between
7 difference 11 concerning
8 between 10 groups
9 ed 10 groups
11 concerning 13 presence
12 mets 13 presence
13 presence 15 p=0.032
14 ( 15 p=0.032
15 p=0.032 16 )

mets presence was not found to be associated with the severity of luts ( p=0.144 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mets 2 presence
2 presence 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 5 found
5 found 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 severity
10 the 11 severity
11 severity 12 of
12 of 13 luts
13 luts 15 p=0.144
14 ( 15 p=0.144
15 p=0.144 16 )

there was no correlation between ed groups regarding luts severity ( p=0.303 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 correlation
3 no 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 between
5 between 7 groups
6 ed 7 groups
7 groups 8 regarding
8 regarding 10 severity
9 luts 10 severity
10 severity 12 p=0.303
11 ( 12 p=0.303
12 p=0.303 13 )

conclusion : results of the present study showed a correlation between mets presence and ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 8 showed
3 results 4 of
3 results 8 showed
4 of 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 present 7 study
8 showed 10 correlation
8 showed 13 presence
8 showed 14 and
9 a 10 correlation
10 correlation 11 between
11 between 12 mets
14 and 15 ed

in the light of our results , mets seems to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of ed in patients with bph . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 light
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 mets
2 the 3 light
3 light 4 of
4 of 6 results
5 our 6 results
8 mets 9 seems
9 seems 10 to
9 seems 11 play
10 to 11 play
11 play 14 role
11 play 15 in
11 play 20 in
11 play 22 with
12 an 13 important
12 an 14 role
13 important 14 role
15 in 17 etiopathogenesis
16 the 17 etiopathogenesis
17 etiopathogenesis 18 of
18 of 19 ed
20 in 21 patients
22 with 23 bph

telomere attrition is a natural process that occurs due to inadequate telomere maintenance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 telomere 2 attrition
2 attrition 3 is
3 is 6 process
4 a 5 natural
4 a 6 process
5 natural 6 process
6 process 7 that
6 process 8 occurs
7 that 8 occurs
8 occurs 10 to
9 due 10 to
10 to 13 maintenance
11 inadequate 13 maintenance
12 telomere 13 maintenance

once at a critically short threshold , telomeres signal growth arrest , leading to senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 signal
1 once 2 at
1 once 7 ,
1 once 8 telomeres
2 at 6 threshold
3 a 4 critically
3 a 6 threshold
4 critically 5 short
5 short 6 threshold
8 telomeres 9 signal
9 signal 11 arrest
10 growth 11 arrest
11 arrest 13 leading
12 , 13 leading
13 leading 14 to
13 leading 16 .
14 to 15 senescence

telomeres can be elongated by the enzyme telomerase , which adds de novo telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elongated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 telomeres 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 elongated
4 elongated 5 by
5 by 8 telomerase
6 the 8 telomerase
7 enzyme 8 telomerase
9 , 10 which
9 , 11 adds
10 which 11 adds
11 adds 13 novo
11 adds 14 telomere
11 adds 15 repeats
12 de 13 novo
14 telomere 15 repeats
15 repeats 16 to
16 to 18 ends
17 the 18 ends
18 ends 19 of
19 of 20 chromosomes

mutations in genes for telomere binding proteins or components of telomerase give rise to the premature aging disorder dyskeratosis congenita [(] [dc] [ )(, which is characterized by extremely short telomeres and an aging phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 )(,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 6 binding
1 mutations 8 or
1 mutations 12 give
1 mutations 13 rise
2 in 3 genes
3 genes 4 for
4 for 5 telomere
7 proteins 8 or
8 or 9 components
8 or 10 of
8 or 12 give
10 of 11 telomerase
13 rise 14 to
14 to 20 congenita
15 the 20 congenita
16 premature 20 congenita
17 aging 20 congenita
18 disorder 20 congenita
19 dyskeratosis 20 congenita
24 )(, 25 which
24 )(, 27 characterized
25 which 26 is
26 is 27 characterized
27 characterized 28 by
28 by 32 and
29 extremely 30 short
30 short 31 telomeres
31 telomeres 32 and
32 and 35 phenotype
33 an 35 phenotype
34 aging 35 phenotype

the current study demonstrates that [dc] cells signal a dna damage response through p53 and its downstream mediator , p21 ( waf/cip ) , which is accompanied by an elevation in steady - state levels of superoxide and percent glutathione disulfide , both indicators of oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrates
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 demonstrates
4 demonstrates 5 that
5 that 7 cells
5 that 8 signal
7 cells 8 signal
8 signal 12 response
8 signal 31 in
9 a 12 response
10 dna 12 response
11 damage 12 response
12 response 13 through
12 response 25 which
12 response 26 is
13 through 15 and
14 p53 15 and
15 and 18 mediator
15 and 20 p21
16 its 18 mediator
17 downstream 18 mediator
19 , 20 p21
20 p21 22 waf/cip
20 p21 24 ,
21 ( 22 waf/cip
22 waf/cip 23 )
25 which 26 is
26 is 27 accompanied
27 accompanied 28 by
28 by 30 elevation
29 an 30 elevation
31 in 38 and
32 steady 33 -
32 steady 35 levels
34 state 35 levels
35 levels 36 of
35 levels 38 and
36 of 37 superoxide
38 and 41 disulfide
38 and 44 indicators
39 percent 41 disulfide
40 glutathione 41 disulfide
42 , 44 indicators
43 both 44 indicators
44 indicators 45 of
44 indicators 48 .
45 of 47 stress
46 oxidative 47 stress

poor [proliferation] of [dc] cells can be partially overcome by reducing [o] ( 2 ) tension from 21 % to 4 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 poor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 overcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 poor 3 of
1 poor 6 can
3 of 5 cells
6 can 7 be
7 be 9 overcome
8 partially 9 overcome
9 overcome 10 by
9 overcome 16 tension
9 overcome 20 to
10 by 11 reducing
11 reducing 14 2
13 ( 14 2
14 2 15 )
16 tension 17 from
17 from 19 %
18 21 19 %
20 to 22 %
21 4 22 %

further , restoring telomerase activity or inhibiting p53 or p21 ( waf/cip ) significantly mitigated growth inhibition as well as caused a significant decrease in steady - state levels of superoxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 9 or
3 restoring 5 activity
4 telomerase 5 activity
5 activity 6 or
6 or 8 p53
6 or 9 or
7 inhibiting 8 p53
9 or 10 p21
9 or 12 waf/cip
9 or 15 mitigated
11 ( 12 waf/cip
12 waf/cip 13 )
14 significantly 15 mitigated
15 mitigated 17 inhibition
15 mitigated 20 as
16 growth 17 inhibition
17 inhibition 18 as
18 as 19 well
20 as 21 caused
21 caused 24 decrease
21 caused 25 in
22 a 23 significant
22 a 24 decrease
23 significant 24 decrease
25 in 29 levels
26 steady 27 -
26 steady 28 state
28 state 29 levels
29 levels 30 of
30 of 31 superoxide

our results support a model in which telomerase insufficiency in [dc] leads to p21 ( waf/cip ) signaling , via p53 , to cause increased steady - state levels of superoxide , metabolic oxidative stress , and senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 support
3 support 5 model
4 a 5 model
5 model 6 in
6 in 7 which
6 in 9 insufficiency
6 in 25 increased
8 telomerase 9 insufficiency
9 insufficiency 10 in
9 insufficiency 23 to
9 insufficiency 24 cause
9 insufficiency 25 increased
10 in 12 leads
12 leads 13 to
12 leads 18 signaling
12 leads 20 via
13 to 14 p21
14 p21 16 waf/cip
15 ( 16 waf/cip
16 waf/cip 17 )
19 , 20 via
20 via 21 p53
20 via 22 ,
23 to 24 cause
25 increased 26 steady
27 - 28 state
28 state 29 levels
29 levels 30 of
30 of 31 superoxide
32 , 37 and
33 metabolic 35 stress
34 oxidative 35 stress
35 stress 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 senescence

background : polypharmacy , the simultaneous taking of many medications [,] has been well documented and is a topic of much concern for those looking to improve the quality of care for the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 polypharmacy
4 , 7 taking
4 , 16 and
5 the 7 taking
6 simultaneous 7 taking
7 taking 8 of
7 taking 16 and
8 of 10 medications
9 many 10 medications
12 has 13 been
12 has 16 and
13 been 14 well
14 well 15 documented
16 and 17 is
16 and 23 for
17 is 19 topic
18 a 19 topic
19 topic 20 of
20 of 22 concern
21 much 22 concern
23 for 24 those
24 those 25 looking
25 looking 26 to
25 looking 32 for
26 to 27 improve
27 improve 29 quality
28 the 29 quality
29 quality 30 of
30 of 31 care
32 for 34 elderly
33 the 34 elderly

elderly patients often develop complicated and multifactorial health states that require extensive pharmacotherapy , leaving this population at risk for exposure to drug - drug interactions and other adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 elderly 2 patients
2 patients 4 develop
3 often 4 develop
4 develop 9 states
5 complicated 6 and
6 and 7 multifactorial
6 and 9 states
8 health 9 states
9 states 10 that
9 states 11 require
10 that 11 require
11 require 13 pharmacotherapy
12 extensive 13 pharmacotherapy
14 , 25 drug
15 leaving 17 population
15 leaving 18 at
15 leaving 24 -
15 leaving 25 drug
16 this 17 population
18 at 19 risk
19 risk 20 for
19 risk 22 to
19 risk 23 drug
20 for 21 exposure
22 to 23 drug
25 drug 27 and
26 interactions 27 and
27 and 30 events
28 other 30 events
29 adverse 30 events

previous literature supports an association between an increase in the rate of adverse events as the number of drugs taken by a patient increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 previous 2 literature
2 literature 3 supports
3 supports 5 association
3 supports 15 as
4 an 5 association
5 association 6 between
5 association 12 of
6 between 8 increase
7 an 8 increase
8 increase 9 in
9 in 11 rate
10 the 11 rate
12 of 14 events
13 adverse 14 events
15 as 19 drugs
16 the 17 number
17 number 18 of
17 number 19 drugs
18 of 19 drugs
19 drugs 20 taken
19 drugs 23 patient
19 drugs 24 increases
20 taken 21 by
22 a 23 patient
23 patient 24 increases

objective : we sought to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy , and to determine patient characteristics that are predictive of exposure to polypharmacy , in the elderly population of the emilia - romagna [region] in italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 12 and
3 we 12 and
4 sought 5 to
4 sought 6 evaluate
4 sought 12 and
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 8 prevalence
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
9 of 10 polypharmacy
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 to
12 and 14 determine
12 and 22 to
13 to 14 determine
14 determine 16 characteristics
15 patient 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 that
16 characteristics 18 are
16 characteristics 20 of
17 that 18 are
18 are 19 predictive
20 of 21 exposure
22 to 23 polypharmacy
23 polypharmacy 25 in
24 , 25 in
25 in 28 population
25 in 37 .
26 the 28 population
27 elderly 28 population
28 population 29 of
29 of 31 emilia
30 the 31 emilia
31 emilia 33 romagna
32 - 33 romagna
33 romagna 35 in
33 romagna 37 .
35 in 36 italy

methods : we conducted a retrospective cohort study of the 2007 emilia - romagna outpatient pharmacy database linked with patient information available from a demographic file of approximately 1 million emilia - romagna residents aged ≥65 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 32 -
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 8 study
5 a 8 study
6 retrospective 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 14 romagna
9 of 12 emilia
10 the 12 emilia
11 2007 12 emilia
13 - 14 romagna
14 romagna 17 database
14 romagna 18 linked
14 romagna 32 -
15 outpatient 16 pharmacy
16 pharmacy 17 database
17 database 18 linked
18 linked 19 with
19 with 21 information
20 patient 21 information
21 information 22 available
21 information 27 of
22 available 23 from
23 from 26 file
24 a 26 file
25 demographic 26 file
27 of 31 emilia
28 approximately 30 million
29 1 30 million
30 million 31 emilia
32 - 34 residents
32 - 35 aged
33 romagna 34 residents
34 residents 35 aged
35 aged 37 years
36 ≥65 37 years

the cohort comprised 887,165 elderly subjects who had at least one prescription filled during the study year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 comprised
3 comprised 6 subjects
4 887,165 6 subjects
5 elderly 6 subjects
6 subjects 7 who
6 subjects 8 had
7 who 8 had
8 had 12 prescription
9 at 10 least
10 least 11 one
11 one 12 prescription
12 prescription 13 filled
13 filled 14 during
14 during 17 year
15 the 17 year
16 study 17 year

using the who 's defined daily dose ( ddd ) to determine the duration of treatment for a given drug , we defined a polypharmacy episode as overlapping treatment with five or more medications occurring for at least 1 day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 using 7 dose
1 using 11 to
1 using 12 determine
1 using 21 ,
1 using 22 we
2 the 3 who
3 who 4 's
4 's 7 dose
5 defined 7 dose
6 daily 7 dose
7 dose 9 ddd
8 ( 9 ddd
9 ddd 10 )
11 to 12 determine
12 determine 14 duration
13 the 14 duration
14 duration 15 of
15 of 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 for
17 for 20 drug
18 a 20 drug
19 given 20 drug
22 we 23 defined
23 defined 26 episode
23 defined 27 as
24 a 26 episode
25 polypharmacy 26 episode
27 as 34 medications
28 overlapping 29 treatment
29 treatment 30 with
29 treatment 32 or
30 with 31 five
32 or 33 more
32 or 34 medications
34 medications 35 occurring
35 occurring 36 for
36 for 40 day
37 at 38 least
38 least 39 1
39 1 40 day

the prevalence of polypharmacy was measured together with subject characteristics found to be predictive of polypharmacy exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 was
3 of 4 polypharmacy
5 was 6 measured
6 measured 7 together
6 measured 8 with
8 with 10 characteristics
9 subject 10 characteristics
10 characteristics 11 found
10 characteristics 15 of
11 found 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 predictive
15 of 17 exposure
16 polypharmacy 17 exposure

results : a total of 349,689 elderly people in the population ( 39.4 % ) were exposed to at least one episode of polypharmacy during the study period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 17 exposed
5 of 6 349,689
6 349,689 8 people
6 349,689 16 were
7 elderly 8 people
8 people 9 in
8 people 14 %
8 people 16 were
9 in 11 population
10 the 11 population
12 ( 14 %
13 39.4 14 %
14 % 15 )
17 exposed 18 to
17 exposed 25 during
18 to 22 episode
19 at 20 least
20 least 21 one
21 one 22 episode
22 episode 23 of
23 of 24 polypharmacy
25 during 28 period
26 the 28 period
27 study 28 period

the prevalence of polypharmacy substantially increased with age and with a higher number of chronic conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 increased
3 of 4 polypharmacy
5 substantially 6 increased
6 increased 9 and
7 with 8 age
7 with 9 and
9 and 10 with
10 with 16 conditions
11 a 13 number
12 higher 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 16 conditions
14 of 16 conditions
15 chronic 16 conditions

over 35 % of those exposed to polypharmacy were exposed for 101 [or] more [days] of the year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 over 2 35
2 35 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 9 were
4 of 5 those
5 those 6 exposed
6 exposed 7 to
7 to 8 polypharmacy
9 were 10 exposed
10 exposed 11 for
11 for 14 more
12 101 14 more
14 more 16 of
16 of 18 year
17 the 18 year

the top three classes of medications involved in polypharmacy were antithrombotics , peptic ulcer disease and gastro - oesophageal [reflux] disease agents , and ace inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 classes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 top
1 the 3 three
3 three 4 classes
4 classes 5 of
4 classes 10 were
5 of 6 medications
6 medications 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 9 polypharmacy
10 were 16 and
11 antithrombotics 12 ,
12 , 15 disease
12 , 16 and
13 peptic 14 ulcer
14 ulcer 15 disease
16 and 17 gastro
18 - 24 and
19 oesophageal 21 disease
21 disease 22 agents
22 agents 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 inhibitors
25 ace 26 inhibitors

the odds of exposure to polypharmacy were higher for older subjects , males and subjects living in urban areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 odds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 odds
2 odds 3 of
2 odds 7 were
3 of 4 exposure
4 exposure 5 to
5 to 6 polypharmacy
7 were 8 higher
8 higher 9 for
9 for 14 and
10 older 11 subjects
11 subjects 12 ,
12 , 13 males
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 subjects
14 and 16 living
16 living 17 in
17 in 19 areas
18 urban 19 areas

conclusions : this study provides evidence that the prevalence of polypharmacy in the elderly in emilia [-] romagna is substantial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 provides
2 : 21 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 9 prevalence
7 that 19 is
8 the 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
9 prevalence 19 is
10 of 11 polypharmacy
11 polypharmacy 12 in
11 polypharmacy 15 in
12 in 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
15 in 18 romagna
16 emilia 18 romagna
19 is 20 substantial

educational programmes should be developed to inform clinicians about the magnitude of the polypharmacy phenomenon and the patient characteristics associated with polypharmacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 programmes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 educational 2 programmes
2 programmes 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 developed
5 developed 6 to
5 developed 9 about
6 to 7 inform
7 inform 8 clinicians
9 about 11 magnitude
10 the 11 magnitude
11 magnitude 12 of
12 of 15 phenomenon
13 the 15 phenomenon
14 polypharmacy 15 phenomenon
16 and 19 characteristics
16 and 20 associated
17 the 19 characteristics
18 patient 19 characteristics
19 characteristics 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 polypharmacy

raising physicians ' awareness of polypharmacy may help to ensure safe , effective and appropriate use of medication in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 raising
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 raising 4 awareness
1 raising 7 may
2 physicians 3 '
3 ' 4 awareness
4 awareness 5 of
5 of 6 polypharmacy
7 may 8 help
8 help 9 to
8 help 10 ensure
9 to 10 ensure
10 ensure 14 and
10 ensure 16 use
10 ensure 19 in
11 safe 12 ,
12 , 13 effective
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 appropriate
16 use 17 of
17 of 18 medication
19 in 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly

background : medication - related problems are common in the growing population of older adults and inappropriate prescribing is a preventable risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 medication
4 - 6 problems
4 - 7 are
4 - 16 and
5 related 6 problems
6 problems 7 are
7 are 8 common
8 common 9 in
9 in 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 growing 12 population
12 population 13 of
13 of 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 and 18 prescribing
16 and 19 is
17 inappropriate 18 prescribing
18 prescribing 19 is
19 is 23 factor
20 a 21 preventable
20 a 23 factor
21 preventable 23 factor
22 risk 23 factor

explicit criteria such as the beers criteria provide a valid instrument for describing the rate of inappropriate medication ( im ) [prescriptions] among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 explicit 2 criteria
2 criteria 4 as
2 criteria 8 provide
3 such 4 as
4 as 7 criteria
5 the 7 criteria
6 beers 7 criteria
8 provide 11 instrument
9 a 10 valid
9 a 11 instrument
10 valid 11 instrument
11 instrument 12 for
12 for 13 describing
13 describing 15 rate
13 describing 23 among
14 the 15 rate
15 rate 16 of
15 rate 20 im
16 of 18 medication
17 inappropriate 18 medication
19 ( 20 im
20 im 21 )
23 among 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

objective : to reduce im prescriptions based on explicit beers criteria using a nurse - led intervention in [a] nursing - home ( nh ) setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 reduce
3 to 4 reduce
4 reduce 5 im
5 im 6 prescriptions
5 im 7 based
6 prescriptions 7 based
7 based 8 on
8 on 11 criteria
9 explicit 11 criteria
10 beers 11 criteria
11 criteria 12 using
11 criteria 26 setting
12 using 14 nurse
13 a 14 nurse
14 nurse 17 intervention
15 - 17 intervention
16 led 17 intervention
17 intervention 18 in
17 intervention 22 home
17 intervention 25 )
18 in 20 nursing
21 - 22 home
22 home 24 nh
22 home 25 )
23 ( 24 nh
24 nh 25 )

study design : the pre/post - design included im assessment at study start ( pre - intervention [ )(, [a] 4 - month intervention period , im assessment after the intervention period ( post - intervention ) and a further im assessment at 1 [-] year follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 5 pre/post
4 the 5 pre/post
6 - 10 assessment
6 - 16 -
7 design 8 included
8 included 10 assessment
9 im 10 assessment
10 assessment 11 at
10 assessment 15 pre
11 at 13 start
12 study 13 start
14 ( 15 pre
15 pre 16 -
16 - 17 intervention
16 - 19 )(,
16 - 22 -
16 - 26 ,
19 )(, 21 4
21 4 22 -
22 - 25 period
23 month 24 intervention
24 intervention 25 period
26 , 38 and
27 im 28 assessment
28 assessment 29 after
28 assessment 38 and
29 after 32 period
30 the 32 period
31 intervention 32 period
32 period 34 post
33 ( 34 post
34 post 36 intervention
34 post 37 )
35 - 36 intervention
36 intervention 37 )
38 and 42 assessment
38 and 43 at
38 and 47 follow
39 a 42 assessment
40 further 42 assessment
41 im 42 assessment
43 at 46 year
44 1 46 year
47 follow 49 up
48 - 49 up
49 up 50 .

setting : 204 - bed inpatient nh in bern , switzerland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 204
2 : 4 -
2 : 10 ,
2 : 12 .
3 204 4 -
4 - 5 bed
5 bed 7 nh
6 inpatient 7 nh
7 nh 8 in
8 in 9 bern
10 , 11 switzerland

participants : nh residents aged ≥60 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 residents
2 : 6 ≥60
2 : 8 .
3 nh 4 residents
4 residents 5 aged
4 residents 6 ≥60
6 ≥60 7 years

intervention : the intervention included four key intervention elements : [(] [i] [ )(adaptation of beers criteria to the swiss [setting] [;] ( ii ) im identification [;] ( iii ) im discontinuation ; [and] ( iv ) staff training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 intervention
2 : 10 :
2 : 34 ;
2 : 41 .
3 the 4 intervention
4 intervention 5 included
4 intervention 6 four
4 intervention 7 key
4 intervention 10 :
6 four 7 key
7 key 9 elements
8 intervention 9 elements
10 : 14 )(adaptation
10 : 18 to
14 )(adaptation 15 of
15 of 17 criteria
16 beers 17 criteria
18 to 33 discontinuation
19 the 33 discontinuation
20 swiss 27 identification
20 swiss 31 )
20 swiss 33 discontinuation
23 ( 27 identification
24 ii 25 )
24 ii 27 identification
26 im 27 identification
27 identification 30 iii
27 identification 31 )
29 ( 30 iii
30 iii 31 )
32 im 33 discontinuation
34 ; 39 staff
36 ( 37 iv
37 iv 38 )
37 iv 39 staff
39 staff 40 training

main outcome measure : im prescription at study [start] , after the 4 - month intervention period [and] at 1 - [year] follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measure
3 measure 4 :
4 : 6 prescription
4 : 7 at
4 : 11 after
4 : 25 up
5 im 6 prescription
7 at 8 study
10 , 11 after
11 after 13 4
11 after 23 follow
11 after 24 -
12 the 13 4
13 4 17 period
13 4 23 follow
14 - 17 period
15 month 17 period
16 intervention 17 period
17 period 19 at
17 period 21 -
19 at 20 1

results : the mean ± sd resident age was 80.3 ± 8.8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 8 age
2 : 9 was
3 the 8 age
4 mean 8 age
5 ± 8 age
6 sd 8 age
7 resident 8 age
8 age 9 was
9 was 13 years
10 80.3 13 years
11 ± 13 years
12 8.8 13 years

residents were prescribed a mean ± sd 7.8 ± 4.0 medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 residents 2 were
2 were 11 medications
3 prescribed 11 medications
4 a 5 mean
4 a 7 sd
5 mean 7 sd
6 ± 7 sd
7 sd 11 medications
8 7.8 11 medications
9 ± 11 medications
10 4.0 11 medications

the prescription rate of ims decreased from 14.5 % pre - intervention to 2.8 % post - intervention ( relative risk [[] [rr] ] = 0.2 [;] 95 % ci 0.06 , 0.5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 rate
2 prescription 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 25 =
4 of 5 ims
5 ims 6 decreased
5 ims 7 from
5 ims 12 intervention
5 ims 18 intervention
7 from 10 pre
8 14.5 9 %
9 % 10 pre
11 - 12 intervention
12 intervention 13 to
12 intervention 17 -
13 to 16 post
14 2.8 15 %
15 % 16 post
17 - 18 intervention
18 intervention 21 risk
18 intervention 24 ]
19 ( 21 risk
20 relative 21 risk
21 risk 24 ]
25 = 30 ci
26 0.2 30 ci
28 95 30 ci
29 % 30 ci
30 ci 31 0.06
30 ci 33 0.5
32 , 33 0.5
33 0.5 34 )

the risk of im prescription increased nonstatistically significantly in the 1 - [year] follow - up period compared with post - intervention ( rr [=] 1.6 [;] 95 % ci 0.5 , 6.1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 6 increased
3 of 5 prescription
4 im 5 prescription
6 increased 7 nonstatistically
6 increased 8 significantly
6 increased 9 in
9 in 11 1
10 the 11 1
12 - 14 follow
12 - 35 .
14 follow 16 up
15 - 16 up
16 up 17 period
16 up 34 )
17 period 18 compared
18 compared 19 with
19 with 20 post
20 post 22 intervention
21 - 22 intervention
22 intervention 30 ci
22 intervention 33 6.1
22 intervention 34 )
23 ( 30 ci
24 rr 30 ci
26 1.6 30 ci
28 95 30 ci
29 % 30 ci
30 ci 31 0.5
30 ci 32 ,
32 , 33 6.1
33 6.1 34 )

conclusions : this intervention to reduce im prescriptions based on explicit beers criteria was feasible , [easy] to implement in an nh setting , and resulted in a substantial decrease in ims . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 intervention
2 : 14 was
2 : 16 ,
2 : 33 .
3 this 4 intervention
4 intervention 5 to
4 intervention 6 reduce
4 intervention 14 was
5 to 6 reduce
6 reduce 8 prescriptions
6 reduce 10 on
7 im 8 prescriptions
8 prescriptions 9 based
10 on 13 criteria
11 explicit 13 criteria
12 beers 13 criteria
14 was 15 feasible
16 , 18 to
16 , 25 and
18 to 25 and
19 implement 20 in
19 implement 23 setting
19 implement 25 and
20 in 22 nh
21 an 22 nh
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 resulted
25 and 27 in
25 and 31 in
27 in 30 decrease
28 a 29 substantial
28 a 30 decrease
29 substantial 30 decrease
31 in 32 ims

these results underscore the importance of involving nursing staff in the medication prescription process in a long - term care setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underscore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 underscore
3 underscore 5 importance
3 underscore 10 in
3 underscore 15 in
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 7 involving
7 involving 8 nursing
8 nursing 9 staff
10 in 14 process
11 the 14 process
12 medication 14 process
13 prescription 14 process
15 in 20 care
16 a 17 long
16 a 20 care
17 long 18 -
17 long 19 term
19 term 20 care
20 care 21 setting

background : medications with anticholinergic properties are frequently used in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 medications
2 : 9 used
2 : 14 .
3 medications 4 with
3 medications 7 are
4 with 6 properties
5 anticholinergic 6 properties
7 are 8 frequently
7 are 9 used
9 used 10 in
10 in 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 elderly 13 population

however , evidence suggests that these medications are associated with significant adverse effects and may lead to worsening of cognitive impairment , particularly in elderly patients with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 suggests
4 suggests 5 that
5 that 7 medications
5 that 8 are
6 these 7 medications
7 medications 8 are
8 are 14 and
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 14 and
10 with 13 effects
11 significant 13 effects
12 adverse 13 effects
14 and 15 may
15 may 16 lead
16 lead 17 to
17 to 18 worsening
18 worsening 19 of
19 of 21 impairment
20 cognitive 21 impairment
21 impairment 24 in
22 , 23 particularly
22 , 24 in
24 in 26 patients
24 in 29 .
25 elderly 26 patients
26 patients 27 with
27 with 28 dementia

objective : to examine the utilization of anticholinergic medications and factors associated with anticholinergic medication use in elderly nursing home patients with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 10 and
2 : 24 .
3 to 10 and
4 examine 6 utilization
4 examine 10 and
5 the 6 utilization
6 utilization 7 of
7 of 9 medications
8 anticholinergic 9 medications
10 and 11 factors
11 factors 12 associated
11 factors 13 with
11 factors 17 in
13 with 16 use
14 anticholinergic 15 medication
15 medication 16 use
17 in 21 patients
18 elderly 19 nursing
19 nursing 21 patients
20 home 21 patients
21 patients 22 with
22 with 23 dementia

methods : the study examined anticholinergic medication utilization for patients aged ≥65 years with dementia , using the 2004 us national nursing home survey ( nnhs ) data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 aged
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 examined
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 examined
5 examined 8 utilization
5 examined 9 for
6 anticholinergic 7 medication
7 medication 8 utilization
9 for 10 patients
10 patients 11 aged
11 aged 13 years
12 ≥65 13 years
13 years 14 with
13 years 17 using
14 with 15 dementia
16 , 17 using
17 using 28 data
17 using 29 .
18 the 19 2004
19 2004 28 data
20 us 21 national
21 national 22 nursing
22 nursing 23 home
23 home 24 survey
24 survey 26 nnhs
25 ( 26 nnhs
26 nnhs 27 )
26 nnhs 28 data

anticholinergic drugs were identified using the anticholinergic drug scale ( ads ) , which classifies anticholinergic drugs into four levels in increasing order of their anticholinergic activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 anticholinergic 2 drugs
2 drugs 3 were
3 were 4 identified
4 identified 5 using
5 using 9 scale
6 the 9 scale
7 anticholinergic 8 drug
8 drug 9 scale
9 scale 11 ads
10 ( 11 ads
11 ads 12 )
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 classifies
14 which 15 classifies
15 classifies 17 drugs
15 classifies 18 into
15 classifies 21 in
16 anticholinergic 17 drugs
18 into 20 levels
19 four 20 levels
21 in 22 increasing
22 increasing 23 order
23 order 24 of
24 of 27 activity
25 their 27 activity
26 anticholinergic 27 activity

descriptive analysis was conducted using sampling weights to determine the prevalence of anticholinergic medication use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 descriptive 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 using
5 using 7 weights
5 using 8 to
6 sampling 7 weights
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 11 prevalence
10 the 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 of
12 of 15 use
13 anticholinergic 14 medication
14 medication 15 use

multiple logistic regression within the conceptual framework of the andersen behavioral model was used to examine the factors associated with anticholinergic medication use in the study population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 within
3 regression 13 was
4 within 7 framework
5 the 7 framework
6 conceptual 7 framework
7 framework 8 of
8 of 12 model
9 the 12 model
10 andersen 11 behavioral
11 behavioral 12 model
13 was 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 24 in
15 to 16 examine
16 examine 18 factors
16 examine 20 with
17 the 18 factors
18 factors 19 associated
20 with 23 use
21 anticholinergic 22 medication
22 medication 23 use
24 in 27 population
25 the 27 population
26 study 27 population

use of medications with marked anticholinergic activities ( ads level 2 or 3 ) was the dependent variable , and independent variables were the various predisposing , enabling and need factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 15 was
2 of 3 medications
3 medications 4 with
3 medications 9 ads
4 with 7 activities
5 marked 7 activities
6 anticholinergic 7 activities
8 ( 9 ads
9 ads 10 level
9 ads 14 )
10 level 12 or
11 2 12 or
12 or 13 3
15 was 18 variable
16 the 18 variable
17 dependent 18 variable
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 variables
20 and 23 were
21 independent 22 variables
22 variables 23 were
23 were 29 and
24 the 26 predisposing
25 various 26 predisposing
26 predisposing 27 ,
27 , 28 enabling
27 , 29 and
29 and 31 factors
30 need 31 factors

results : according [to] the 2004 nnhs , 509,931 ( 95 % ci 490,160 , 529,702 ) or 73.62 % ( 95 % ci 72.23 , 75.00 ) [of] elderly patients with dementia used anticholinergic medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 according
2 : 34 used
2 : 37 .
3 according 6 2004
3 according 7 nnhs
3 according 18 or
3 according 32 with
3 according 34 used
5 the 6 2004
7 nnhs 9 509,931
8 , 9 509,931
9 509,931 13 ci
9 509,931 16 529,702
9 509,931 17 )
10 ( 13 ci
11 95 13 ci
12 % 13 ci
13 ci 14 490,160
13 ci 15 ,
15 , 16 529,702
16 529,702 17 )
18 or 20 %
18 or 31 patients
19 73.62 20 %
20 % 24 ci
21 ( 24 ci
22 95 24 ci
23 % 24 ci
24 ci 25 72.23
24 ci 27 75.00
24 ci 28 )
26 , 27 75.00
27 75.00 28 )
30 elderly 31 patients
32 with 33 dementia
34 used 36 medications
35 anticholinergic 36 medications

the highest prevalence of anticholinergic medication use among elderly patients with dementia was seen for level - 1 medications ( 67.96 % ; 95 % ci 66.51 , 69.41 ) , [and] 21.27 % ( 95 % ci 19.93 , 22.60 ) used ads level - 2 or [level] - 3 medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 the 2 highest
1 the 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 13 was
4 of 7 use
5 anticholinergic 7 use
6 medication 7 use
7 use 8 among
7 use 11 with
8 among 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
11 with 12 dementia
13 was 14 seen
14 seen 15 for
15 for 16 level
16 level 19 medications
17 - 19 medications
18 1 19 medications
19 medications 22 %
19 medications 23 ;
20 ( 22 %
21 67.96 22 %
22 % 23 ;
23 ; 26 ci
23 ; 43 used
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 66.51
26 ci 29 69.41
26 ci 34 %
26 ci 41 22.60
26 ci 43 used
28 , 29 69.41
29 69.41 30 )
31 , 34 %
33 21.27 34 %
34 % 38 ci
34 % 40 ,
35 ( 38 ci
36 95 38 ci
37 % 38 ci
38 ci 39 19.93
38 ci 40 ,
40 , 41 22.60
41 22.60 42 )
43 used 44 ads
43 used 48 or
44 ads 45 level
46 - 47 2
47 2 48 or
48 or 50 -
50 - 52 medications
51 3 52 medications

multivariate regression analysis showed that the predisposing factor of age was negatively associated with the use of medications with marked anticholinergic activities ( ads level 2 or 3 ) and the enabling factor of medicaid as the source of payment increased the likelihood of receiving these higher - level anticholinergics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
1 multivariate 13 associated
1 multivariate 14 with
1 multivariate 17 of
1 multivariate 30 and
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 8 factor
4 showed 13 associated
6 the 8 factor
7 predisposing 8 factor
8 factor 9 of
8 factor 11 was
9 of 10 age
11 was 12 negatively
11 was 13 associated
14 with 16 use
15 the 16 use
17 of 18 medications
18 medications 19 with
19 with 22 activities
20 marked 22 activities
21 anticholinergic 22 activities
22 activities 24 ads
23 ( 24 ads
24 ads 25 level
24 ads 29 )
25 level 27 or
26 2 27 or
27 or 28 3
30 and 33 factor
30 and 34 of
31 the 33 factor
32 enabling 33 factor
34 of 35 medicaid
35 medicaid 41 increased
36 as 38 source
36 as 41 increased
37 the 38 source
38 source 39 of
38 source 41 increased
39 of 40 payment
41 increased 43 likelihood
41 increased 51 .
42 the 43 likelihood
43 likelihood 44 of
44 of 45 receiving
45 receiving 50 anticholinergics
46 these 50 anticholinergics
47 higher 48 -
47 higher 50 anticholinergics
49 level 50 anticholinergics

among the need factors , dependence in decision [-] making ability and behavioural symptoms decreased the likelihood of receiving higher - level anticholinergics , whereas factors such as total number of medications , depressed mood indicators and diagnoses of schizophrenia , anxiety and parkinson 's disease increased the likelihood of use of such medications . 
1 among 3 need
1 among 4 factors
2 the 3 need
4 factors 12 and
4 factors 22 level
5 , 12 and
6 dependence 7 in
6 dependence 12 and
7 in 11 ability
8 decision 11 ability
10 making 11 ability
12 and 13 behavioural
12 and 14 symptoms
12 and 19 receiving
12 and 21 -
14 symptoms 15 decreased
15 decreased 17 likelihood
16 the 17 likelihood
17 likelihood 18 of
18 of 19 receiving
19 receiving 20 higher
22 level 23 anticholinergics
22 level 25 whereas
24 , 25 whereas
25 whereas 26 factors
25 whereas 47 increased
25 whereas 55 .
26 factors 28 as
26 factors 39 of
26 factors 47 increased
27 such 28 as
28 as 37 and
29 total 30 number
30 number 31 of
30 number 33 ,
31 of 32 medications
33 , 36 indicators
33 , 37 and
34 depressed 35 mood
35 mood 36 indicators
37 and 38 diagnoses
39 of 43 and
40 schizophrenia 41 ,
41 , 42 anxiety
41 , 43 and
43 and 46 disease
44 parkinson 45 's
45 's 46 disease
47 increased 49 likelihood
48 the 49 likelihood
49 likelihood 50 of
50 of 51 use
51 use 52 of
52 of 54 medications
53 such 54 medications

conclusions : over one in five elderly nursing home residents with dementia used medications with marked anticholinergic activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 residents
2 : 13 used
2 : 19 .
3 over 5 in
3 over 10 residents
4 one 5 in
6 five 10 residents
7 elderly 8 nursing
8 nursing 10 residents
9 home 10 residents
10 residents 11 with
10 residents 13 used
11 with 12 dementia
13 used 14 medications
13 used 15 with
15 with 18 activities
16 marked 18 activities
17 anticholinergic 18 activities

the study findings suggest the need to optimize the use of anticholinergic medications in vulnerable patients with dementia given the potentially severe adverse cognitive effects of these agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 findings
2 study 3 findings
3 findings 4 suggest
4 suggest 6 need
4 suggest 17 with
5 the 6 need
6 need 7 to
6 need 8 optimize
7 to 8 optimize
8 optimize 10 use
8 optimize 14 in
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 13 medications
12 anticholinergic 13 medications
14 in 16 patients
15 vulnerable 16 patients
17 with 18 dementia
18 dementia 19 given
18 dementia 26 of
19 given 25 effects
20 the 25 effects
21 potentially 22 severe
22 severe 25 effects
23 adverse 25 effects
24 cognitive 25 effects
26 of 28 agents
27 these 28 agents

although topical creams and other anti - aging products purport to reduce the appearance of aging and skin wrinkling , there has been no critical analysis in the scientific literature of their effectiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 purport
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 4 and
1 although 10 purport
2 topical 3 creams
3 creams 4 and
4 and 9 products
5 other 9 products
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 9 products
8 aging 9 products
10 purport 11 to
10 purport 12 reduce
11 to 12 reduce
12 reduce 17 and
13 the 14 appearance
14 appearance 15 of
14 appearance 17 and
15 of 16 aging
17 and 18 skin
17 and 19 wrinkling
20 , 21 there
20 , 23 been
21 there 22 has
22 has 23 been
23 been 26 analysis
24 no 26 analysis
25 critical 26 analysis
26 analysis 27 in
27 in 30 literature
28 the 30 literature
29 scientific 30 literature
30 literature 31 of
31 of 33 effectiveness
32 their 33 effectiveness

this systematic review critically evaluates the evidence for the effectiveness or efficacy of botanical treatments in reducing skin aging and wrinkling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 systematic
2 systematic 3 review
3 review 5 evaluates
4 critically 5 evaluates
5 evaluates 7 evidence
6 the 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 for
7 evidence 13 of
8 for 11 or
9 the 10 effectiveness
10 effectiveness 11 or
11 or 12 efficacy
13 of 20 and
14 botanical 15 treatments
15 treatments 16 in
15 treatments 19 aging
15 treatments 20 and
16 in 17 reducing
17 reducing 18 skin
20 and 21 wrinkling

medline , embase , cinahl® , central and amed databases were searched from their inception until october 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 medline 2 ,
1 medline 8 and
3 embase 4 ,
4 , 5 cinahl®
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 central
6 , 8 and
8 and 10 databases
8 and 11 were
9 amed 10 databases
11 were 12 searched
12 searched 13 from
12 searched 16 until
13 from 15 inception
14 their 15 inception
16 until 17 october
17 october 18 2009

reference lists of retrieved articles were hand - searched . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hand
1 reference 2 lists
2 lists 3 of
2 lists 6 were
3 of 5 articles
4 retrieved 5 articles
6 were 7 hand
7 hand 9 searched
8 - 9 searched
9 searched 10 .

manufacturers and professional associations were contacted in order to identify further [non] - published studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 manufacturers 2 and
2 and 3 professional
2 and 4 associations
2 and 10 identify
4 associations 5 were
5 were 6 contacted
6 contacted 7 in
7 in 8 order
8 order 9 to
8 order 10 identify
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 11 further
13 - 15 studies
13 - 16 .
14 published 15 studies

no language restrictions were applied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 restrictions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 no 3 restrictions
2 language 3 restrictions
3 restrictions 4 were
4 were 5 applied

only randomized clinical trials or controlled clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of botanical extracts in reducing wrinkling and aging of the skin were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 only 2 randomized
2 randomized 4 trials
2 randomized 5 or
3 clinical 4 trials
5 or 6 controlled
6 controlled 8 trials
7 clinical 8 trials
8 trials 9 assessing
9 assessing 18 and
9 assessing 24 included
10 the 11 effectiveness
11 effectiveness 12 of
11 effectiveness 17 wrinkling
11 effectiveness 18 and
12 of 14 extracts
13 botanical 14 extracts
14 extracts 15 in
15 in 16 reducing
18 and 19 aging
18 and 23 were
19 aging 20 of
20 of 22 skin
21 the 22 skin
23 were 24 included

data were extracted by two independent reviewers and methodological quality was assessed using the jadad score and key aspects of the cochrane risk of bias tool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 tool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 extracted
3 extracted 4 by
4 by 7 reviewers
5 two 7 reviewers
6 independent 7 reviewers
8 and 10 quality
8 and 12 assessed
9 methodological 10 quality
10 quality 11 was
11 was 12 assessed
12 assessed 13 using
13 using 17 and
14 the 16 score
15 jadad 16 score
16 score 17 and
17 and 18 key
17 and 19 aspects
17 and 26 tool
19 aspects 20 of
19 aspects 26 tool
20 of 23 risk
21 the 23 risk
22 cochrane 23 risk
23 risk 24 of
24 of 25 bias

of 36 potentially relevant studies , 11 trials of botanical extracts for reducing skin wrinkling and the appearance of aging met all the inclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 of 2 36
1 of 16 and
3 potentially 16 and
4 relevant 5 studies
5 studies 6 ,
6 , 8 trials
6 , 16 and
7 11 8 trials
8 trials 9 of
9 of 11 extracts
10 botanical 11 extracts
11 extracts 12 for
12 for 13 reducing
13 reducing 14 skin
14 skin 15 wrinkling
16 and 18 appearance
16 and 19 of
16 and 21 met
17 the 18 appearance
19 of 20 aging
21 met 22 all
22 all 23 the
22 all 25 criteria
23 the 25 criteria
24 inclusion 25 criteria

no trials were identified following contact with anti - aging and cosmetic organizations , companies and professional bodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 no 2 trials
2 trials 3 were
3 were 6 contact
3 were 7 with
4 identified 5 following
5 following 6 contact
7 with 16 and
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 10 aging
10 aging 11 and
11 and 12 cosmetic
11 and 13 organizations
13 organizations 14 ,
14 , 15 companies
14 , 16 and
16 and 18 bodies
17 professional 18 bodies

a significant reduction in skin wrinkling was noted for date kernel extract , cork extract , soy extract , rosaceae and peony extract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 reduction
2 significant 3 reduction
3 reduction 4 in
3 reduction 7 was
4 in 5 skin
5 skin 6 wrinkling
7 was 8 noted
8 noted 9 for
9 for 21 and
10 date 12 extract
11 kernel 12 extract
12 extract 13 ,
13 , 15 extract
13 , 16 ,
14 cork 15 extract
16 , 18 extract
16 , 19 ,
17 soy 18 extract
19 , 20 rosaceae
19 , 21 and
21 and 23 extract
22 peony 23 extract

no significant reduction was noted for green tea , vitaphenol® ( a combination of green and white teas , mangosteen and pomegranate extract ) or maca root . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 no 3 reduction
2 significant 3 reduction
3 reduction 4 was
4 was 5 noted
5 noted 6 for
6 for 8 tea
7 green 8 tea
9 , 25 or
10 vitaphenol® 13 combination
10 vitaphenol® 19 ,
10 vitaphenol® 20 mangosteen
11 ( 13 combination
12 a 13 combination
13 combination 14 of
13 combination 19 ,
14 of 18 teas
15 green 16 and
16 and 17 white
16 and 18 teas
20 mangosteen 21 and
21 and 23 extract
21 and 24 )
21 and 25 or
22 pomegranate 23 extract
25 or 27 root
26 maca 27 root

all trials were of poor methodological quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 all 2 trials
2 trials 3 were
3 were 4 of
4 of 7 quality
5 poor 7 quality
6 methodological 7 quality

adverse effects were frequently not reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 adverse 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 5 not
3 were 6 reported
4 frequently 5 not

in summary , there is some weak evidence to suggest that several botanical extracts may be effective in reducing the appearance of skin aging but no evidence that this effect is enduring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggest
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 there
3 , 5 is
4 there 5 is
5 is 8 evidence
5 is 9 to
6 some 8 evidence
7 weak 8 evidence
9 to 10 suggest
10 suggest 11 that
11 that 14 extracts
11 that 16 be
12 several 14 extracts
13 botanical 14 extracts
14 extracts 15 may
15 may 16 be
16 be 17 effective
17 effective 18 in
18 in 19 reducing
19 reducing 21 appearance
19 reducing 25 but
20 the 21 appearance
21 appearance 22 of
22 of 23 skin
23 skin 24 aging
25 but 27 evidence
26 no 27 evidence
27 evidence 28 that
28 that 30 effect
28 that 32 enduring
29 this 30 effect
30 effect 31 is
31 is 32 enduring
32 enduring 33 .

independent replications with larger , more diverse samples , longer treatment durations and more rigorous study designs are required to validate these preliminary findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 designs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 independent 16 study
2 replications 3 with
2 replications 9 ,
3 with 8 samples
4 larger 5 ,
4 larger 8 samples
6 more 7 diverse
7 diverse 8 samples
9 , 12 durations
9 , 13 and
10 longer 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 durations
13 and 14 more
13 and 16 study
15 rigorous 16 study
16 study 17 designs
17 designs 18 are
18 are 19 required
19 required 20 to
19 required 21 validate
20 to 21 validate
21 validate 24 findings
22 these 24 findings
23 preliminary 24 findings

a perceived lack of evidence for benefit [and] safety concerns may lead to underprescription of hmg - coa reductase inhibitors ( statins ) in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 3 lack
2 perceived 3 lack
3 lack 4 of
3 lack 11 may
4 of 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 for
6 for 10 concerns
7 benefit 10 concerns
9 safety 10 concerns
11 may 12 lead
12 lead 13 to
12 lead 24 in
13 to 14 underprescription
14 underprescription 15 of
15 of 16 hmg
16 hmg 20 inhibitors
17 - 20 inhibitors
18 coa 20 inhibitors
19 reductase 20 inhibitors
20 inhibitors 22 statins
20 inhibitors 23 )
21 ( 22 statins
22 statins 23 )
24 in 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

this article reviews clinical data regarding the effect of lipid [-] lowering therapies on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults with a focus on secondary prevention and safety considerations in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 5 data
3 reviews 14 on
3 reviews 17 in
3 reviews 20 with
4 clinical 5 data
5 data 6 regarding
6 regarding 8 effect
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 13 therapies
10 lipid 13 therapies
12 lowering 13 therapies
14 on 16 outcomes
15 cardiovascular 16 outcomes
17 in 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
20 with 22 focus
21 a 22 focus
22 focus 23 on
23 on 26 and
24 secondary 25 prevention
25 prevention 26 and
26 and 28 considerations
26 and 29 in
27 safety 28 considerations
29 in 31 population
30 this 31 population

a literature search of the pubmed database ( january 1984 to [april] 2009 ) was performed using search terms that included : ['] aged ['] ( [mesh] heading [ )( ['] elderly ['] , ['] anticholesteremic agents ['] , ['] antilipemic agents ' , ['] hydroxymethylglutaryl - coa reductase inhibitors ['] , ['] cardiovascular diseases ' , ['] randomized controlled trial ['] , ['] meta - analysis ['] and ['] drug safety ['] . 
1 a 2 literature
1 a 3 search
2 literature 3 search
3 search 4 of
3 search 15 was
4 of 7 database
5 the 7 database
6 pubmed 7 database
7 database 9 january
8 ( 9 january
9 january 11 to
9 january 14 )
10 1984 11 to
11 to 13 2009
15 was 16 performed
16 performed 17 using
16 performed 28 heading
17 using 19 terms
18 search 19 terms
19 terms 20 that
19 terms 22 :
19 terms 24 aged
20 that 21 included
20 that 22 :
26 ( 28 heading
28 heading 37 agents
32 elderly 34 ,
32 elderly 37 agents
36 anticholesteremic 37 agents
37 agents 43 '
37 agents 47 -
39 , 43 '
41 antilipemic 42 agents
42 agents 43 '
43 ' 44 ,
44 , 47 -
46 hydroxymethylglutaryl 47 -
47 - 48 coa
48 coa 50 inhibitors
48 coa 60 controlled
49 reductase 50 inhibitors
50 inhibitors 56 '
50 inhibitors 59 randomized
50 inhibitors 60 controlled
52 , 56 '
54 cardiovascular 55 diseases
55 diseases 56 '
56 ' 57 ,
57 , 59 randomized
60 controlled 69 and
61 trial 63 ,
63 , 67 analysis
63 , 69 and
65 meta 66 -
65 meta 67 analysis
69 and 72 safety
69 and 74 .
71 drug 72 safety

results from large , randomized [,] controlled trials show that statin therapy lowers both all - [cause] and coronary heart disease mortality and reduces myocardial infarction , stroke and the need for revascularization in individuals aged ≥65 years who have a history of coronary heart disease . 
1 results 2 from
1 results 9 show
2 from 8 trials
3 large 4 ,
3 large 8 trials
5 randomized 8 trials
7 controlled 8 trials
9 show 11 statin
9 show 12 therapy
10 that 11 statin
12 therapy 23 and
13 lowers 18 and
13 lowers 23 and
14 both 18 and
15 all 18 and
16 - 18 and
18 and 22 mortality
19 coronary 21 disease
20 heart 21 disease
21 disease 22 mortality
23 and 24 reduces
24 reduces 26 infarction
25 myocardial 26 infarction
26 infarction 38 years
27 , 38 years
28 stroke 29 and
29 and 31 need
29 and 32 for
29 and 36 aged
29 and 38 years
30 the 31 need
32 for 33 revascularization
33 revascularization 34 in
34 in 35 individuals
37 ≥65 38 years
38 years 39 who
38 years 40 have
38 years 47 .
39 who 40 have
40 have 42 history
41 a 42 history
42 history 43 of
43 of 46 disease
44 coronary 45 heart
45 heart 46 disease

given the high rate of recurrent cardiovascular events in older adults , there is substantial potential for statin treatment to provide benefits in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 given 4 rate
1 given 9 in
1 given 12 ,
1 given 13 there
2 the 4 rate
3 high 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
5 of 8 events
6 recurrent 8 events
7 cardiovascular 8 events
9 in 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
13 there 14 is
14 is 16 potential
15 substantial 16 potential
16 potential 17 for
16 potential 20 to
16 potential 21 provide
17 for 19 treatment
18 statin 19 treatment
20 to 21 provide
21 provide 22 benefits
21 provide 23 in
23 in 25 population
24 this 25 population

when older patients are prescribed statins , attention should be given to potential drug interactions , age - related changes in drug pharmacokinetics , adverse effects such as myopathy and risks arising from co - morbid conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 when 3 patients
1 when 4 are
1 when 7 ,
1 when 8 attention
2 older 3 patients
3 patients 4 are
4 are 6 statins
5 prescribed 6 statins
8 attention 9 should
9 should 10 be
10 be 11 given
11 given 12 to
12 to 15 interactions
13 potential 15 interactions
14 drug 15 interactions
15 interactions 17 age
16 , 17 age
17 age 18 -
18 - 19 related
19 related 30 and
20 changes 21 in
20 changes 24 ,
21 in 23 pharmacokinetics
22 drug 23 pharmacokinetics
24 , 26 effects
24 , 30 and
25 adverse 26 effects
26 effects 28 as
27 such 28 as
28 as 29 myopathy
30 and 31 risks
30 and 32 arising
30 and 33 from
33 from 37 conditions
34 co 35 -
34 co 37 conditions
36 morbid 37 conditions

additional studies on the benefits and risks [of] lipid - lowering therapy in individuals aged ≥70 years who have no history of cardiovascular disease , and particularly in those aged ≥80 years , are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 additional 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 6 and
3 on 5 benefits
4 the 5 benefits
6 and 9 lipid
6 and 11 lowering
6 and 34 are
7 risks 9 lipid
10 - 11 lowering
11 lowering 12 therapy
11 lowering 26 and
11 lowering 33 ,
13 in 17 years
13 in 26 and
14 individuals 15 aged
15 aged 17 years
16 ≥70 17 years
17 years 18 who
17 years 19 have
18 who 19 have
19 have 21 history
20 no 21 history
21 history 22 of
22 of 24 disease
23 cardiovascular 24 disease
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 particularly
26 and 28 in
28 in 32 years
29 those 32 years
30 aged 32 years
31 ≥80 32 years
34 are 35 needed

[other] available lipid - modifying drugs - bile acid sequestrants ( bile acid binding protein modulators ) , ezetimibe , niacin and fibrates ( fibric acid derivatives ) - may be required in patients who are statin - intolerant or [have] mixed dyslipidaemia , [or] in whom standard doses of statins may not be sufficient to achieve low - density lipoprotein cholesterol goals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lipid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
2 available 3 lipid
4 - 6 drugs
4 - 7 -
5 modifying 6 drugs
7 - 10 sequestrants
7 - 18 ,
8 bile 9 acid
9 acid 10 sequestrants
10 sequestrants 13 acid
11 ( 13 acid
12 bile 13 acid
13 acid 14 binding
13 acid 17 )
14 binding 16 modulators
15 protein 16 modulators
18 , 19 ezetimibe
19 ezetimibe 22 and
19 ezetimibe 30 may
20 , 22 and
21 niacin 22 and
22 and 23 fibrates
22 and 27 derivatives
22 and 29 -
24 ( 27 derivatives
25 fibric 27 derivatives
26 acid 27 derivatives
27 derivatives 28 )
30 may 31 be
31 be 32 required
32 required 33 in
33 in 34 patients
34 patients 35 who
34 patients 36 are
34 patients 46 in
35 who 36 are
36 are 37 statin
37 statin 40 or
38 - 40 or
39 intolerant 40 or
40 or 43 dyslipidaemia
40 or 44 ,
42 mixed 43 dyslipidaemia
46 in 47 whom
46 in 49 doses
46 in 57 achieve
48 standard 49 doses
49 doses 50 of
49 doses 52 may
50 of 51 statins
52 may 53 not
52 may 54 be
54 be 55 sufficient
55 sufficient 56 to
55 sufficient 57 achieve
56 to 57 achieve
57 achieve 58 low
58 low 63 goals
59 - 63 goals
60 density 62 cholesterol
61 lipoprotein 62 cholesterol
62 cholesterol 63 goals
63 goals 64 .

background : lipoprotein ( a [ )( lp [(] [a] ) [ )(is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 lipoprotein
2 : 13 )(is
2 : 21 .
3 lipoprotein 8 lp
3 lipoprotein 13 )(is
4 ( 8 lp
5 a 8 lp
8 lp 11 )
13 )(is 17 factor
14 an 17 factor
15 independent 17 factor
16 risk 17 factor
17 factor 18 for
18 for 20 disease
19 cardiovascular 20 disease

there is [as] yet controversy on serum lp ( [a] [ )(concentrations in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 yet
2 is 5 controversy
5 controversy 6 on
6 on 8 lp
7 serum 8 lp
8 lp 12 )(concentrations
9 ( 12 )(concentrations
12 )(concentrations 13 in
12 )(concentrations 17 .
13 in 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 elderly 16 population

methods : we investigated 2128 medical outpatients who consecutively attended our laboratory between january 2006 and june 2008 for lp ( [a] [ )(and routine serum lipid assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 investigated
2 : 29 .
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 7 outpatients
5 2128 7 outpatients
6 medical 7 outpatients
7 outpatients 8 who
7 outpatients 10 attended
8 who 10 attended
9 consecutively 10 attended
10 attended 12 laboratory
10 attended 13 between
10 attended 19 for
11 our 12 laboratory
13 between 16 and
14 january 15 2006
14 january 16 and
16 and 17 june
17 june 18 2008
19 for 24 )(and
20 lp 24 )(and
21 ( 24 )(and
24 )(and 28 assessment
25 routine 28 assessment
26 serum 28 assessment
27 lipid 28 assessment

the cohort included 299 [(] 88 men and 211 women ) elderly outpatients aged > or = 75 [yrs] and 1829 ( 828 men and 1001 women ) [patients] aged < 75 yrs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cohort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 >
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 included
2 cohort 15 >
3 included 14 aged
4 299 7 men
6 88 7 men
7 men 8 and
8 and 10 women
8 and 11 )
8 and 14 aged
9 211 10 women
12 elderly 13 outpatients
13 outpatients 14 aged
16 or 20 and
16 or 30 aged
17 = 18 75
18 75 20 and
20 and 21 1829
20 and 25 and
20 and 30 aged
22 ( 25 and
23 828 24 men
24 men 25 and
25 and 27 women
25 and 28 )
26 1001 27 women
30 aged 33 yrs
31 < 32 75
32 75 33 yrs

results : compared with those aged < 75 yrs , elderly male patients had an overall more favourable traditional lipid profile , including lower values of cholesterol , triglycerides , ldl - c , total to hdl - [c] ratio , atherogenic index [of] plasma and higher values of hdl - c . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
2 : 13 patients
2 : 14 had
2 : 38 -
2 : 41 ,
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 10 ,
3 compared 13 patients
4 with 6 aged
4 with 9 yrs
5 those 6 aged
7 < 8 75
8 75 9 yrs
11 elderly 13 patients
12 male 13 patients
13 patients 14 had
14 had 20 lipid
14 had 21 profile
15 an 16 overall
15 an 20 lipid
16 overall 20 lipid
17 more 18 favourable
18 favourable 20 lipid
19 traditional 20 lipid
21 profile 23 including
21 profile 29 triglycerides
22 , 23 including
23 including 25 values
23 including 28 ,
24 lower 25 values
25 values 26 of
26 of 27 cholesterol
29 triglycerides 32 -
29 triglycerides 35 total
30 , 32 -
31 ldl 32 -
32 - 33 c
32 - 34 ,
34 , 35 total
35 total 36 to
35 total 38 -
36 to 37 hdl
38 - 40 ratio
41 , 46 and
41 , 51 -
42 atherogenic 45 plasma
43 index 45 plasma
45 plasma 46 and
46 and 48 values
47 higher 48 values
48 values 49 of
49 of 50 hdl
51 - 52 c

conversely , no significant differences could be observed between women aged [<] 75 [yrs] and the elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 could
6 could 7 be
7 be 8 observed
8 observed 9 between
9 between 15 and
10 women 11 aged
10 women 15 and
11 aged 13 75
15 and 18 patients
16 the 18 patients
17 elderly 18 patients

in both genders , elderly patients had significantly higher lp ( a [ )(median [concentrations] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 had
1 in 3 genders
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 patients
2 both 3 genders
5 elderly 6 patients
6 patients 7 had
7 had 10 lp
8 significantly 9 higher
9 higher 10 lp
10 lp 14 )(median
11 ( 14 )(median
12 a 14 )(median
14 )(median 16 .

however , after stratification of patients according to the current 300 [mg/l] [cardiovascular] risk threshold for lp [(] [a] [ )(, the percentages of those [>] or = 75 yrs having lp ( [a] [ )(levels above this threshold were marginally , but not significantly [,] higher in both genders ( men [:] 28 [%] versus 25 % , p = 0.499 [;] women [:] 35 [%] versus 30 % , p = 0.374 [ )( 
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 300
3 after 4 stratification
3 after 11 300
4 stratification 5 of
5 of 6 patients
7 according 8 to
8 to 10 current
8 to 11 300
9 the 10 current
11 300 14 risk
14 risk 15 threshold
14 risk 16 for
16 for 27 or
17 lp 21 )(,
21 )(, 23 percentages
21 )(, 27 or
22 the 23 percentages
23 percentages 24 of
24 of 25 those
27 or 31 having
28 = 29 75
29 75 30 yrs
30 yrs 31 having
31 having 43 but
32 lp 36 )(levels
32 lp 43 but
33 ( 36 )(levels
36 )(levels 37 above
36 )(levels 39 threshold
36 )(levels 40 were
36 )(levels 42 ,
38 this 39 threshold
39 threshold 40 were
40 were 41 marginally
42 , 43 but
43 but 44 not
43 but 47 higher
43 but 48 in
45 significantly 47 higher
48 in 50 genders
49 both 50 genders
50 genders 52 men
50 genders 61 =
51 ( 52 men
52 men 54 28
52 men 56 versus
52 men 59 ,
56 versus 58 %
57 25 58 %
60 p 61 =
61 = 64 women
62 0.499 64 women
64 women 66 35
64 women 68 versus
68 versus 70 %
69 30 70 %
70 % 73 =
71 , 73 =
72 p 73 =
73 = 74 0.374
73 = 76 )(

conclusions : the results of the present investigation suggests that elderly patients have similar or even greater lp [(] [a] [ )(values than those observed in a general population aged < 75 yrs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 )(values
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
5 of 7 present
6 the 7 present
7 present 8 investigation
7 present 22 )(values
8 investigation 9 suggests
9 suggests 12 patients
9 suggests 22 )(values
10 that 11 elderly
11 elderly 12 patients
12 patients 13 have
13 have 15 or
14 similar 15 or
15 or 16 even
17 greater 18 lp
18 lp 22 )(values
22 )(values 23 than
23 than 24 those
23 than 30 aged
23 than 33 yrs
24 those 25 observed
25 observed 26 in
25 observed 30 aged
26 in 29 population
27 a 29 population
28 general 29 population
30 aged 32 75
31 < 32 75
33 yrs 34 .

accordingly , elevated serum lp [(] [a] [ )(concentrations may be compatible with longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 )(concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 9 )(concentrations
3 elevated 4 serum
4 serum 9 )(concentrations
5 lp 9 )(concentrations
9 )(concentrations 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 compatible
12 compatible 13 with
13 with 14 longevity

mutations in [presenilin] 1 gene ( ps1 ) account for the majority of early - onset familial alzheimer 's disease ( fad ) cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 9 account
2 in 5 gene
4 1 5 gene
5 gene 7 ps1
6 ( 7 ps1
7 ps1 8 )
9 account 10 for
10 for 24 cases
11 the 12 majority
12 majority 13 of
12 majority 24 cases
13 of 24 cases
14 early 20 disease
14 early 23 )
14 early 24 cases
15 - 20 disease
16 onset 18 alzheimer
17 familial 18 alzheimer
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
20 disease 22 fad
20 disease 23 )
21 ( 22 fad
22 fad 23 )

the disease is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid fibrils composed of amyloid beta peptides ( abeta ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 disease
2 disease 3 is
3 is 4 characterized
4 characterized 5 by
5 by 9 and
6 intracellular 8 tangles
7 neurofibrillary 8 tangles
8 tangles 9 and
9 and 12 fibrils
9 and 14 of
10 extracellular 11 amyloid
11 amyloid 12 fibrils
13 composed 14 of
14 of 17 peptides
15 amyloid 17 peptides
16 beta 17 peptides
17 peptides 19 abeta
18 ( 19 abeta
19 abeta 20 )

two successive cleavages are necessary to free the abeta peptide from the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cleavages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 two 3 cleavages
2 successive 3 cleavages
3 cleavages 4 are
4 are 5 necessary
5 necessary 6 to
5 necessary 7 free
6 to 7 free
7 free 10 peptide
8 the 10 peptide
9 abeta 10 peptide
10 peptide 11 from
11 from 15 protein
12 the 15 protein
13 amyloid 15 protein
14 precursor 15 protein
15 protein 17 app
16 ( 17 app
17 app 18 )

gamma - secretase catalyzes the final cleavage of app to generate abeta peptides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 secretase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 catalyzes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 gamma 2 -
1 gamma 3 secretase
3 secretase 4 catalyzes
4 catalyzes 7 cleavage
4 catalyzes 10 to
5 the 7 cleavage
6 final 7 cleavage
7 cleavage 8 of
8 of 9 app
10 to 11 generate
11 generate 13 peptides
12 abeta 13 peptides

ps1 is a catalytic subunit of gamma - [secretase] and is also involved in the cleavage of many membrane proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ps1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ps1 10 and
2 is 5 subunit
2 is 10 and
3 a 4 catalytic
3 a 5 subunit
4 catalytic 5 subunit
5 subunit 6 of
6 of 7 gamma
8 - 10 and
10 and 11 is
11 is 13 involved
12 also 13 involved
13 involved 14 in
14 in 16 cleavage
15 the 16 cleavage
16 cleavage 17 of
17 of 20 proteins
18 many 20 proteins
19 membrane 20 proteins

ps1 also has functional interactions with many other proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ps1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 ps1 3 has
2 also 3 has
3 has 5 interactions
3 has 6 with
4 functional 5 interactions
6 with 9 proteins
7 many 8 other
8 other 9 proteins

the use of animal models of ad has initiated the deciphering of these molecular pathways and mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 initiated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 8 has
3 of 5 models
4 animal 5 models
5 models 6 of
6 of 7 ad
8 has 9 initiated
9 initiated 11 deciphering
10 the 11 deciphering
11 deciphering 12 of
12 of 16 and
13 these 15 pathways
14 molecular 15 pathways
15 pathways 16 and
16 and 17 mechanisms

transgenic mouse models are useful to study the features of fad and to investigate the nature of the neural - tissue changes of the disease and their evolution during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 transgenic 2 mouse
2 mouse 3 models
3 models 4 are
4 are 5 useful
5 useful 6 to
6 to 12 and
7 study 9 features
7 study 12 and
8 the 9 features
9 features 10 of
10 of 11 fad
12 and 13 to
12 and 14 investigate
13 to 14 investigate
14 investigate 26 and
14 investigate 29 during
15 the 16 nature
16 nature 17 of
16 nature 23 of
16 nature 26 and
17 of 22 changes
18 the 22 changes
19 neural 20 -
19 neural 21 tissue
21 tissue 22 changes
23 of 25 disease
24 the 25 disease
26 and 28 evolution
27 their 28 evolution
29 during 30 aging

when expressed alone , mutations in human ps1 do not induce any detectable lesions , although they do increase abeta peptides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 when 2 expressed
1 when 4 ,
1 when 5 mutations
2 expressed 3 alone
5 mutations 6 in
5 mutations 9 do
6 in 8 ps1
7 human 8 ps1
9 do 10 not
9 do 11 induce
11 induce 14 lesions
11 induce 16 although
12 any 14 lesions
13 detectable 14 lesions
15 , 16 although
16 although 17 they
17 they 18 do
18 do 19 increase
19 increase 21 peptides
20 abeta 21 peptides

this absence has led to the criticism that ps1 mouse models are not valuable for the study of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 absence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 absence
2 absence 3 has
3 has 4 led
4 led 5 to
4 led 19 ad
5 to 7 criticism
6 the 7 criticism
7 criticism 8 that
7 criticism 18 of
8 that 11 models
8 that 12 are
9 ps1 11 models
10 mouse 11 models
11 models 12 are
12 are 13 not
12 are 14 valuable
13 not 14 valuable
14 valuable 15 for
15 for 17 study
16 the 17 study
17 study 18 of

the objective of the present study was to evaluate effects of mesotherapy ( mt ) and electrostimulation ( ems ) on age - related changes of the facial skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 16 and
9 evaluate 21 on
10 effects 11 of
10 effects 16 and
11 of 12 mesotherapy
12 mesotherapy 14 mt
13 ( 14 mt
14 mt 15 )
16 and 17 electrostimulation
16 and 19 ems
18 ( 19 ems
19 ems 20 )
21 on 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 25 changes
24 related 30 .
25 changes 26 of
26 of 29 skin
27 the 29 skin
28 facial 29 skin

the secondary objective was to identify factors influencing the therapeutic efficiency of these methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 objective
2 secondary 3 objective
3 objective 4 was
4 was 5 to
4 was 6 identify
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 7 factors
7 factors 8 influencing
8 influencing 11 efficiency
9 the 11 efficiency
10 therapeutic 11 efficiency
11 efficiency 12 of
12 of 14 methods
13 these 14 methods

the study included 60 women aged from 30 to 59 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 included
3 included 5 women
4 60 5 women
5 women 6 aged
6 aged 7 from
7 from 11 years
8 30 9 to
9 to 10 59
9 to 11 years

all the patients were examined prior to the onset [and] in the end ( after one month ) of the corrective treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 patients
1 all 4 were
2 the 3 patients
4 were 5 examined
5 examined 7 to
5 examined 11 in
6 prior 7 to
7 to 9 onset
8 the 9 onset
11 in 13 end
12 the 13 end
13 end 15 after
13 end 19 of
14 ( 15 after
15 after 17 month
15 after 18 )
16 one 17 month
19 of 22 treatment
20 the 22 treatment
21 corrective 22 treatment

facial skin conditions were assessed using a skin xp pro system and skin microcirculation by laser doppler flowmetry ( ldf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 facial 2 skin
2 skin 3 conditions
3 conditions 12 and
4 were 5 assessed
4 were 12 and
5 assessed 6 using
6 using 11 system
7 a 11 system
8 skin 9 xp
9 xp 11 system
10 pro 11 system
12 and 13 skin
12 and 15 by
13 skin 14 microcirculation
15 by 18 flowmetry
16 laser 18 flowmetry
17 doppler 18 flowmetry
18 flowmetry 20 ldf
19 ( 20 ldf
20 ldf 21 )

the psychological status of the patients was evaluated with the help of the well - being - activity - mood test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 the 3 status
2 psychological 3 status
3 status 4 of
3 status 7 was
4 of 6 patients
5 the 6 patients
7 was 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 with
9 with 11 help
10 the 11 help
11 help 12 of
12 of 14 well
13 the 14 well
15 - 16 being
15 - 17 -
17 - 18 activity
17 - 19 -
19 - 21 test
19 - 22 .
20 mood 21 test

after the primary examination , the participants of the study were randomly divided into two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 after 4 examination
1 after 5 ,
1 after 7 participants
2 the 4 examination
3 primary 4 examination
6 the 7 participants
7 participants 8 of
7 participants 11 were
8 of 10 study
9 the 10 study
11 were 13 divided
12 randomly 13 divided
13 divided 14 into
14 into 16 groups
15 two 16 groups

group 1 ( n=30 ) included women treated by mt and ems , the control group 2 ( n=30 ) was comprised of the patients who did not receive [the] above treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 group
1 group 2 1
2 1 11 and
2 1 15 control
3 ( 11 and
4 n=30 5 )
4 n=30 7 women
6 included 7 women
7 women 8 treated
7 women 11 and
8 treated 9 by
9 by 10 mt
11 and 12 ems
11 and 13 ,
13 , 15 control
14 the 15 control
15 control 16 group
15 control 21 was
15 control 22 comprised
15 control 23 of
15 control 33 .
16 group 17 2
16 group 19 n=30
16 group 21 was
18 ( 19 n=30
19 n=30 20 )
23 of 25 patients
24 the 25 patients
25 patients 26 who
25 patients 27 did
26 who 27 did
27 did 28 not
27 did 29 receive
29 receive 31 above
29 receive 32 treatment

the results of the study indicate that combine mt [+] ems therapy significantly improves the state of facial skin , decreases its pigmentation , reduces the number and depth of wrinkles , enhances skin moisture , improves its elasticity and decreases porosity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 24 ,
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 indicate 7 that
6 indicate 24 ,
7 that 12 therapy
7 that 20 ,
8 combine 12 therapy
9 mt 11 ems
11 ems 12 therapy
12 therapy 20 ,
13 significantly 14 improves
14 improves 16 state
14 improves 20 ,
15 the 16 state
16 state 17 of
17 of 19 skin
18 facial 19 skin
20 , 21 decreases
21 decreases 23 pigmentation
22 its 23 pigmentation
24 , 25 reduces
24 , 28 and
26 the 27 number
27 number 28 and
28 and 29 depth
28 and 30 of
30 of 31 wrinkles
32 , 36 ,
33 enhances 35 moisture
33 enhances 36 ,
34 skin 35 moisture
36 , 40 and
37 improves 39 elasticity
37 improves 40 and
38 its 39 elasticity
40 and 41 decreases
41 decreases 42 porosity

dynamics of these parameters and overall effect of correction were shown to correlate with the severity of skin changes before the treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 dynamics 2 of
1 dynamics 5 and
2 of 4 parameters
3 these 4 parameters
5 and 7 effect
5 and 8 of
5 and 10 were
6 overall 7 effect
8 of 9 correction
10 were 11 shown
11 shown 12 to
11 shown 14 with
12 to 13 correlate
14 with 16 severity
15 the 16 severity
16 severity 17 of
17 of 19 changes
18 skin 19 changes
19 changes 20 before
20 before 22 treatment
21 the 22 treatment

age - related changes in the facial skin were especially well - apparent in women with the lowered activity level and impaired mood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 changes
3 related 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 9 were
5 in 8 skin
6 the 8 skin
7 facial 8 skin
9 were 10 especially
9 were 11 well
11 well 13 apparent
12 - 13 apparent
13 apparent 14 in
13 apparent 16 with
13 apparent 24 .
14 in 15 women
16 with 21 and
17 the 20 level
18 lowered 19 activity
19 activity 20 level
20 level 21 and
21 and 23 mood
22 impaired 23 mood

characteristics of [mood] in the course of therapeutic correction correlated with dynamics of skin smoothness and elasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 characteristics 2 of
1 characteristics 7 of
1 characteristics 10 correlated
2 of 4 in
4 in 6 course
5 the 6 course
7 of 9 correction
8 therapeutic 9 correction
10 correlated 11 with
11 with 12 dynamics
12 dynamics 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 skin 15 smoothness
15 smoothness 16 and
16 and 17 elasticity

slowing of movement with aging is inevitable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 slowing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 slowing 2 of
1 slowing 6 is
2 of 3 movement
3 movement 4 with
4 with 5 aging
6 is 7 inevitable

the mechanisms responsible for this deterioration , however , remain poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 responsible
2 mechanisms 10 remain
3 responsible 4 for
4 for 6 deterioration
5 this 6 deterioration
7 , 8 however
8 however 9 ,
8 however 10 remain
10 remain 12 understood
11 poorly 12 understood

changes to physiological and mechanical factors controlling muscle force and power production [seem] likely contributors , but a reduced ability for fast transmission of the force to the skeleton also may contribute to the deterioration in performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 changes 2 to
1 changes 10 and
2 to 6 factors
3 physiological 4 and
4 and 5 mechanical
4 and 6 factors
6 factors 7 controlling
7 controlling 9 force
8 muscle 9 force
10 and 17 but
11 power 15 contributors
11 power 17 but
12 production 15 contributors
14 likely 15 contributors
16 , 17 but
17 but 32 contribute
18 a 20 ability
19 reduced 20 ability
20 ability 21 for
20 ability 24 of
20 ability 31 may
21 for 23 transmission
22 fast 23 transmission
24 of 26 force
25 the 26 force
26 force 27 to
27 to 29 skeleton
28 the 29 skeleton
30 also 31 may
31 may 32 contribute
32 contribute 33 to
32 contribute 36 in
33 to 35 deterioration
34 the 35 deterioration
36 in 37 performance

purpose of review : to provide an objective and comprehensive review of the recent literature addressing the effects of sex on protein metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 to
4 : 6 provide
4 : 24 .
5 to 6 provide
6 provide 11 review
6 provide 21 on
7 an 11 review
8 objective 9 and
9 and 10 comprehensive
9 and 11 review
11 review 12 of
12 of 15 literature
13 the 15 literature
14 recent 15 literature
15 literature 16 addressing
15 literature 19 of
16 addressing 18 effects
17 the 18 effects
19 of 20 sex
21 on 23 metabolism
22 protein 23 metabolism

we also evaluate whether these differences can be attributed to physiology or methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 3 evaluate
2 also 3 evaluate
3 evaluate 4 whether
4 whether 6 differences
4 whether 9 attributed
5 these 6 differences
6 differences 7 can
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 attributed
9 attributed 10 to
10 to 12 or
11 physiology 12 or
12 or 13 methodology

because of the developmental changes in hormonal milieu [and] body composition that occur across life , the literature has been examined in a longitudinal manner across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 16 ,
1 because 18 literature
2 of 5 changes
3 the 5 changes
4 developmental 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
5 changes 12 that
5 changes 13 occur
6 in 11 composition
7 hormonal 11 composition
8 milieu 10 body
10 body 11 composition
12 that 13 occur
13 occur 14 across
14 across 15 life
17 the 18 literature
18 literature 19 has
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 examined
21 examined 22 in
21 examined 26 across
22 in 25 manner
23 a 24 longitudinal
23 a 25 manner
24 longitudinal 25 manner
26 across 28 lifespan
27 the 28 lifespan

recent findings : throughout most points of life , men and women of similar health status and bmi display fairly similar protein turnover rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 findings
1 recent 3 :
1 recent 24 rates
2 findings 3 :
3 : 4 throughout
4 throughout 11 and
5 most 6 points
6 points 7 of
6 points 9 ,
7 of 8 life
9 , 10 men
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 women
11 and 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 similar 15 health
15 health 16 status
16 status 17 and
17 and 23 turnover
18 bmi 19 display
19 display 23 turnover
20 fairly 21 similar
21 similar 22 protein
22 protein 23 turnover

however , some investigators have reported sexual dimorphism in protein metabolism , which may be partly attributable to differences in fat - free mass [and/or] methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 investigators
3 some 4 investigators
4 investigators 5 have
5 have 6 reported
6 reported 8 dimorphism
6 reported 9 in
7 sexual 8 dimorphism
9 in 11 metabolism
10 protein 11 metabolism
12 , 13 which
12 , 15 be
13 which 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 17 attributable
16 partly 17 attributable
17 attributable 18 to
18 to 19 differences
19 differences 20 in
20 in 26 methodology
21 fat 22 -
21 fat 24 mass
23 free 24 mass
24 mass 26 methodology

in periods of significant changes in the hormonal milieu ( puberty and menopause ) , sex differences may become more evident . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 periods
1 in 15 ,
1 in 17 differences
2 periods 3 of
3 of 5 changes
4 significant 5 changes
5 changes 6 in
6 in 9 milieu
7 the 9 milieu
8 hormonal 9 milieu
9 milieu 12 and
10 ( 12 and
11 puberty 12 and
12 and 13 menopause
12 and 14 )
16 sex 17 differences
17 differences 18 may
18 may 19 become
19 become 21 evident
20 more 21 evident

finally , anabolic stimuli such as feeding and exercise may help highlight any discrepancies in protein [turnover] between men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stimuli
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 stimuli
3 anabolic 4 stimuli
4 stimuli 6 as
4 stimuli 10 may
5 such 6 as
6 as 8 and
7 feeding 8 and
8 and 9 exercise
10 may 11 help
11 help 12 highlight
12 highlight 14 discrepancies
12 highlight 15 in
12 highlight 18 between
13 any 14 discrepancies
15 in 16 protein
18 between 20 and
19 men 20 and
20 and 21 women

summary : sex differences in protein metabolism , if any [,] are most evident during the main phases of hormonal changes , and may be also due to differences in body composition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 23 and
3 sex 4 differences
3 sex 9 if
3 sex 23 and
4 differences 5 in
5 in 7 metabolism
6 protein 7 metabolism
8 , 9 if
9 if 10 any
9 if 12 are
9 if 22 ,
10 any 12 are
12 are 14 evident
13 most 14 evident
14 evident 15 during
15 during 18 phases
16 the 17 main
16 the 18 phases
18 phases 19 of
19 of 21 changes
20 hormonal 21 changes
23 and 24 may
24 may 25 be
25 be 26 also
25 be 27 due
27 due 28 to
27 due 30 in
28 to 29 differences
30 in 32 composition
31 body 32 composition

however , methodological issues and sample size must be considered when designing [and] evaluating these studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 and
3 methodological 4 issues
4 issues 5 and
5 and 7 size
5 and 8 must
6 sample 7 size
8 must 9 be
9 be 10 considered
10 considered 11 when
10 considered 16 studies
11 when 12 designing
12 designing 14 evaluating
15 these 16 studies

rationale : the turnover of cardiomyocytes in the aging female and male heart is currently unknown , emphasizing the need to define human myocardial biology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rationale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 rationale 2 :
2 : 4 turnover
2 : 7 in
3 the 4 turnover
4 turnover 5 of
5 of 6 cardiomyocytes
7 in 10 female
8 the 10 female
9 aging 10 female
11 and 13 heart
11 and 14 is
12 male 13 heart
13 heart 14 is
14 is 15 currently
14 is 16 unknown
16 unknown 18 emphasizing
17 , 18 emphasizing
18 emphasizing 20 need
18 emphasizing 26 .
19 the 20 need
20 need 21 to
20 need 22 define
21 to 22 define
22 define 25 biology
23 human 25 biology
24 myocardial 25 biology

objective : the effects of age and gender on the magnitude of myocyte regeneration and the origin of newly formed cardiomyocytes were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 effects
2 : 22 were
2 : 24 .
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 12 of
4 effects 22 were
5 of 7 and
6 age 7 and
7 and 8 gender
7 and 9 on
9 on 11 magnitude
10 the 11 magnitude
12 of 15 and
13 myocyte 14 regeneration
14 regeneration 15 and
15 and 17 origin
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 origin
18 of 21 cardiomyocytes
19 newly 20 formed
20 formed 21 cardiomyocytes
22 were 23 determined

methods and results : the interaction of myocyte replacement , cellular senescence , growth inhibition , and apoptosis was measured in normal female ( n=32 ) [and] male ( n=42 ) human hearts collected from patients 19 to 104 years of age who died from causes other than cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
3 results 4 :
4 : 40 years
5 the 6 interaction
6 interaction 7 of
6 interaction 19 was
7 of 17 and
8 myocyte 9 replacement
9 replacement 10 ,
10 , 12 senescence
10 , 13 ,
11 cellular 12 senescence
13 , 15 inhibition
13 , 17 and
14 growth 15 inhibition
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 apoptosis
19 was 20 measured
20 measured 21 in
21 in 33 hearts
22 normal 32 human
23 female 25 n=32
23 female 26 )
23 female 32 human
24 ( 25 n=32
25 n=32 26 )
28 male 30 n=42
28 male 32 human
29 ( 30 n=42
30 n=42 31 )
32 human 33 hearts
33 hearts 34 collected
34 collected 35 from
34 collected 38 to
35 from 36 patients
37 19 38 to
38 to 39 104
39 104 40 years
40 years 41 of
41 of 42 age
42 age 43 who
42 age 44 died
43 who 44 died
44 died 45 from
44 died 48 than
45 from 46 causes
47 other 48 than
48 than 50 diseases
49 cardiovascular 50 diseases

a progressive loss of telomeric dna in human cardiac stem cells ( hcscs ) occurs with aging and the newly formed cardiomyocytes inherit short telomeres and rapidly reach the senescent phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 2 progressive
1 a 3 loss
2 progressive 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 13 hcscs
3 loss 15 occurs
4 of 6 dna
5 telomeric 6 dna
6 dna 7 in
7 in 11 cells
8 human 10 stem
9 cardiac 10 stem
10 stem 11 cells
12 ( 13 hcscs
13 hcscs 14 )
15 occurs 16 with
16 with 17 aging
18 and 22 cardiomyocytes
18 and 26 and
19 the 22 cardiomyocytes
20 newly 21 formed
21 formed 22 cardiomyocytes
22 cardiomyocytes 26 and
23 inherit 25 telomeres
23 inherit 26 and
24 short 25 telomeres
26 and 28 reach
27 rapidly 28 reach
28 reach 31 phenotype
29 the 31 phenotype
30 senescent 31 phenotype

our data provide novel information on the superior ability of the female heart to sustain the multiple variables associated with the development of the senescent myopathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 provide
3 provide 5 information
3 provide 6 on
3 provide 14 to
4 novel 5 information
6 on 9 ability
7 the 9 ability
8 superior 9 ability
9 ability 10 of
10 of 13 heart
11 the 13 heart
12 female 13 heart
14 to 15 sustain
15 sustain 18 variables
15 sustain 20 with
16 the 18 variables
17 multiple 18 variables
18 variables 19 associated
20 with 22 development
21 the 22 development
22 development 23 of
23 of 26 myopathy
24 the 26 myopathy
25 senescent 26 myopathy

at all ages , the female heart is equipped with a larger pool of functionally competent hcscs and younger myocytes than the male myocardium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 heart
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 equipped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 at 3 ages
1 at 4 ,
1 at 7 heart
2 all 3 ages
5 the 7 heart
6 female 7 heart
7 heart 8 is
8 is 9 equipped
9 equipped 10 with
9 equipped 21 than
10 with 13 pool
11 a 13 pool
12 larger 13 pool
13 pool 14 of
14 of 18 and
15 functionally 16 competent
16 competent 17 hcscs
17 hcscs 18 and
18 and 20 myocytes
19 younger 20 myocytes
21 than 24 myocardium
22 the 24 myocardium
23 male 24 myocardium

the replicative potential is higher and telomeres are longer in female hcscs than in male hcscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 potential
2 replicative 3 potential
3 potential 4 is
4 is 5 higher
6 and 7 telomeres
6 and 8 are
7 telomeres 8 are
8 are 9 longer
9 longer 10 in
9 longer 13 than
10 in 12 hcscs
11 female 12 hcscs
13 than 14 in
14 in 16 hcscs
15 male 16 hcscs

in the female heart , myocyte [turnover] occurs at a rate of 10 % , 14 % , [and] 40 % per year at 20 , 60 , [and] 100 years of age , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 myocyte
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 4 heart
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 myocyte
2 the 4 heart
3 female 4 heart
6 myocyte 8 occurs
8 occurs 9 at
8 occurs 35 respectively
9 at 11 rate
10 a 11 rate
11 rate 12 of
12 of 14 %
13 10 14 %
14 % 17 %
14 % 21 %
15 , 17 %
16 14 17 %
17 % 18 ,
18 , 21 %
20 40 21 %
21 % 22 per
21 % 24 at
21 % 34 ,
22 per 23 year
24 at 25 20
25 20 27 60
25 20 31 years
26 , 27 60
27 60 28 ,
28 , 31 years
30 100 31 years
31 years 32 of
31 years 34 ,
32 of 33 age

corresponding values in the male heart are 7 % , 12 % , [and] 32 % per year , documenting [that] cardiomyogenesis involves a large and [progressively] increasing number of parenchymal cells with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 corresponding 2 values
2 values 3 in
2 values 7 are
3 in 6 heart
4 the 6 heart
5 male 6 heart
7 are 9 %
8 7 9 %
9 % 12 %
9 % 16 %
10 , 12 %
11 12 12 %
12 % 13 ,
13 , 16 %
15 32 16 %
16 % 17 per
16 % 19 ,
17 per 18 year
19 , 20 documenting
19 , 23 involves
20 documenting 22 cardiomyogenesis
20 documenting 23 involves
23 involves 32 cells
24 a 29 number
25 large 26 and
26 and 28 increasing
26 and 29 number
29 number 30 of
29 number 32 cells
30 of 32 cells
31 parenchymal 32 cells
32 cells 33 with
33 with 34 aging

from 20 to 100 years of age , the myocyte compartment is replaced 15 times in women and 11 times in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compartment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 replaced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 from 5 years
1 from 11 compartment
2 20 3 to
3 to 4 100
3 to 5 years
6 of 7 age
6 of 8 ,
6 of 11 compartment
9 the 11 compartment
10 myocyte 11 compartment
11 compartment 12 is
12 is 13 replaced
13 replaced 15 times
13 replaced 16 in
14 15 15 times
16 in 18 and
17 women 18 and
18 and 20 times
18 and 21 in
19 11 20 times
21 in 22 men

conclusions : the human heart is a highly dynamic organ regulated by a pool of resident hcscs that modulate cardiac homeostasis and condition organ aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 5 heart
2 : 6 is
3 the 5 heart
4 human 5 heart
5 heart 6 is
6 is 10 organ
6 is 12 by
7 a 8 highly
7 a 10 organ
8 highly 9 dynamic
9 dynamic 10 organ
10 organ 11 regulated
12 by 22 and
13 a 14 pool
14 pool 15 of
14 pool 22 and
15 of 17 hcscs
16 resident 17 hcscs
17 hcscs 18 that
17 hcscs 19 modulate
18 that 19 modulate
19 modulate 21 homeostasis
20 cardiac 21 homeostasis
22 and 24 organ
22 and 25 aging
23 condition 24 organ

background : driving anxiety and fear can have a marked impact on mobility and independence , although there is no data on the prevalence of this problem , and specific information about the rate of driving anxiety and fear in older adults is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 8 have
2 : 29 and
3 driving 4 anxiety
4 anxiety 5 and
5 and 6 fear
5 and 7 can
7 can 8 have
8 have 11 impact
8 have 12 on
8 have 17 although
9 a 11 impact
10 marked 11 impact
12 on 14 and
13 mobility 14 and
14 and 15 independence
16 , 17 although
17 although 18 there
17 although 19 is
17 although 28 ,
18 there 19 is
19 is 21 data
19 is 22 on
20 no 21 data
22 on 24 prevalence
23 the 24 prevalence
24 prevalence 25 of
25 of 27 problem
26 this 27 problem
29 and 31 information
29 and 43 is
30 specific 31 information
31 information 32 about
31 information 35 of
31 information 40 in
31 information 43 is
32 about 34 rate
33 the 34 rate
35 of 36 driving
36 driving 38 and
37 anxiety 38 and
38 and 39 fear
40 in 42 adults
41 older 42 adults
43 is 44 unknown

methods : the present study examines the prevalence [of] self - reported driving anxiety and fear in a sample of 2,491 adults aged 55 - 72 from a longitudinal survey of health and ageing in new zealand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reported
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 present
3 the 4 present
4 present 5 study
4 present 6 examines
5 study 6 examines
6 examines 10 self
7 the 10 self
8 prevalence 10 self
11 - 12 reported
12 reported 13 driving
12 reported 17 in
12 reported 35 in
12 reported 38 .
13 driving 15 and
14 anxiety 15 and
15 and 16 fear
17 in 19 sample
18 a 19 sample
19 sample 20 of
19 sample 31 of
20 of 22 adults
21 2,491 22 adults
22 adults 23 aged
23 aged 25 -
23 aged 27 from
24 55 25 -
25 - 26 72
27 from 30 survey
28 a 30 survey
29 longitudinal 30 survey
31 of 33 and
32 health 33 and
33 and 34 ageing
35 in 37 zealand
36 new 37 zealand

results : most of the sample ( 90 % ) described themselves as drivers who drove daily or weekly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 most
3 most 4 of
3 most 11 described
3 most 15 who
3 most 16 drove
4 of 6 sample
5 the 6 sample
6 sample 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 90 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 described 12 themselves
11 described 13 as
13 as 14 drivers
15 who 16 drove
16 drove 18 or
17 daily 18 or
18 or 19 weekly

around 70 % of the sample reported no driving anxiety or fear , yet 17 - 20 % endorsed a [mil] d and 4 - 6 % rated a moderate to severe level of driving anxiety and fear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 around 3 %
1 around 11 or
2 70 3 %
3 % 4 of
4 of 6 sample
5 the 6 sample
7 reported 10 anxiety
7 reported 11 or
8 no 10 anxiety
9 driving 10 anxiety
11 or 12 fear
13 , 14 yet
13 , 19 endorsed
13 , 23 and
14 yet 18 %
15 17 16 -
16 - 17 20
16 - 18 %
18 % 19 endorsed
19 endorsed 22 d
20 a 22 d
23 and 27 %
23 and 37 and
24 4 25 -
25 - 26 6
25 - 27 %
27 % 37 and
28 rated 30 moderate
28 rated 31 to
28 rated 37 and
29 a 30 moderate
31 to 33 level
32 severe 33 level
33 level 34 of
34 of 35 driving
35 driving 36 anxiety
37 and 38 fear

women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear about driving than men , but there were no age differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 women 2 reported
2 reported 7 and
2 reported 16 were
3 higher 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 7 and
5 of 6 anxiety
7 and 8 fear
7 and 14 but
7 and 16 were
9 about 10 driving
9 about 14 but
10 driving 11 than
11 than 12 men
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 there
16 were 19 differences
17 no 19 differences
18 age 19 differences

those who reported some level of driving anxiety engaged various alternative modes of transport , and a small number ( 2.4 % ) reported that their driving anxiety had affected their usual activities or work for at least a day in the previous month . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 engaged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 those 2 who
1 those 3 reported
1 those 9 engaged
2 who 3 reported
3 reported 5 level
4 some 5 level
5 level 6 of
6 of 7 driving
7 driving 8 anxiety
9 engaged 12 modes
10 various 11 alternative
11 alternative 12 modes
12 modes 13 of
13 of 14 transport
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 number
16 and 34 or
17 a 18 small
17 a 19 number
18 small 19 number
19 number 22 %
19 number 34 or
20 ( 22 %
21 2.4 22 %
22 % 23 )
24 reported 25 that
24 reported 34 or
25 that 28 anxiety
25 that 30 affected
26 their 28 anxiety
27 driving 28 anxiety
28 anxiety 29 had
29 had 30 affected
30 affected 33 activities
31 their 33 activities
32 usual 33 activities
34 or 35 work
35 work 36 for
35 work 41 in
36 for 40 day
37 at 38 least
38 least 40 day
39 a 40 day
41 in 44 month
42 the 44 month
43 previous 44 month

duration of driving anxiety was highly variable , from relatively recent onset [to] being present for much of some participants ' lifetimes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 duration 2 of
1 duration 5 was
2 of 3 driving
3 driving 4 anxiety
5 was 6 highly
5 was 7 variable
7 variable 9 from
8 , 9 from
9 from 14 being
9 from 23 .
10 relatively 11 recent
11 recent 12 onset
12 onset 14 being
14 being 15 present
15 present 16 for
16 for 17 much
17 much 18 of
18 of 22 lifetimes
19 some 20 participants
20 participants 21 '
21 ' 22 lifetimes

conclusion : driving anxiety and fear may be a significant problem for some young older adults that is likely to affect their independence and mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 driving
3 driving 4 anxiety
5 and 6 fear
5 and 8 be
6 fear 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 11 problem
9 a 11 problem
10 significant 11 problem
11 problem 12 for
12 for 16 adults
13 some 16 adults
14 young 15 older
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 that
16 adults 21 affect
17 that 18 is
18 is 19 likely
19 likely 20 to
20 to 21 affect
21 affect 24 and
22 their 24 and
23 independence 24 and
24 and 25 mobility

further research to clarify the content and nature of driving anxiety , pathways to driving anxiety and the effect of factors associated with ageing on driving anxiety is needed in order to better understand this experience for older adults and develop effective interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 further 2 research
1 further 3 to
3 to 4 clarify
4 clarify 6 content
5 the 6 content
7 and 17 and
7 and 29 needed
8 nature 9 of
8 nature 12 ,
9 of 10 driving
10 driving 11 anxiety
12 , 13 pathways
12 , 17 and
13 pathways 14 to
14 to 15 driving
15 driving 16 anxiety
17 and 19 effect
17 and 20 of
17 and 22 associated
18 the 19 effect
20 of 21 factors
22 associated 23 with
23 with 24 ageing
24 ageing 25 on
25 on 26 driving
27 anxiety 28 is
28 is 29 needed
29 needed 30 in
29 needed 32 to
30 in 31 order
32 to 40 and
33 better 34 understand
34 understand 36 experience
34 understand 37 for
34 understand 40 and
35 this 36 experience
37 for 39 adults
38 older 39 adults
40 and 41 develop
41 develop 43 interventions
42 effective 43 interventions

this article reviews most common types of thyroid cancer focusing on older males worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 9 cancer
4 most 5 common
5 common 6 types
6 types 7 of
6 types 9 cancer
7 of 9 cancer
8 thyroid 9 cancer
9 cancer 10 focusing
10 focusing 11 on
10 focusing 14 worldwide
11 on 13 males
12 older 13 males

thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 carcinoma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 thyroid 2 carcinoma
2 carcinoma 3 is
3 is 8 malignancy
4 the 5 most
5 most 8 malignancy
6 common 8 malignancy
7 endocrine 8 malignancy

it includes tumour types that range from localised papillary carcinomas to lethal anaplastic disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 includes
2 includes 4 types
3 tumour 4 types
4 types 5 that
4 types 6 range
5 that 6 range
6 range 7 from
6 range 11 to
7 from 10 carcinomas
8 localised 10 carcinomas
9 papillary 10 carcinomas
11 to 14 disease
12 lethal 14 disease
13 anaplastic 14 disease

among elderly population , male gender seems to be highly correlated with the risk and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 among 3 population
1 among 4 ,
1 among 6 gender
2 elderly 3 population
5 male 6 gender
6 gender 7 seems
7 seems 8 to
7 seems 11 correlated
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 highly
9 be 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 with
12 with 15 and
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 and
15 and 16 aggressiveness
15 and 17 of
17 of 19 cancer
18 thyroid 19 cancer

early diagnosis and urgent aggressive treatment are important for aging patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 early 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 and
3 and 6 treatment
3 and 7 are
4 urgent 6 treatment
5 aggressive 6 treatment
7 are 8 important
8 important 9 for
9 for 10 aging
10 aging 11 patients

this article includes numerous studies which evaluate prevalence , morbidity and mortality of thyroid cancer in older males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 includes
3 includes 5 studies
4 numerous 5 studies
5 studies 6 which
5 studies 7 evaluate
6 which 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 11 and
7 evaluate 16 in
8 prevalence 9 ,
9 , 10 morbidity
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 mortality
11 and 13 of
13 of 15 cancer
14 thyroid 15 cancer
16 in 18 males
17 older 18 males

background : osteoporosis is a significant health problem , especially for older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 osteoporosis
2 : 4 is
3 osteoporosis 4 is
4 is 8 problem
5 a 6 significant
5 a 8 problem
6 significant 7 health
7 health 8 problem
8 problem 11 for
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 for
11 for 13 women
11 for 14 .
12 older 13 women

prescription osteoporosis medication can reduce fractures , but many women do not accept treatment or discontinue treatment before benefits are achieved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 osteoporosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 prescription 2 osteoporosis
2 osteoporosis 3 medication
2 osteoporosis 5 reduce
2 osteoporosis 8 but
3 medication 4 can
4 can 5 reduce
6 fractures 8 but
7 , 8 but
8 but 15 or
9 many 10 women
10 women 11 do
11 do 12 not
11 do 15 or
13 accept 14 treatment
13 accept 15 or
15 or 16 discontinue
16 discontinue 17 treatment
16 discontinue 18 before
18 before 19 benefits
18 before 21 achieved
19 benefits 20 are
20 are 21 achieved

objectives : to explore older women 's views about prescription osteoporosis medication use in depth and to identify specific beliefs and experiences that influence these views . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 16 and
2 : 27 .
3 to 16 and
4 explore 8 views
4 explore 9 about
4 explore 14 in
4 explore 16 and
5 older 6 women
6 women 7 's
7 's 8 views
9 about 13 use
10 prescription 12 medication
11 osteoporosis 12 medication
12 medication 13 use
14 in 15 depth
16 and 17 to
16 and 18 identify
17 to 18 identify
18 identify 21 and
19 specific 20 beliefs
20 beliefs 21 and
21 and 22 experiences
21 and 23 that
21 and 24 influence
23 that 24 influence
24 influence 26 views
25 these 26 views

methods : we conducted [in] - depth telephone interviews with women aged ≥65 years with clinically confirmed osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 6 -
3 we 4 conducted
6 - 9 interviews
6 - 13 ≥65
6 - 19 .
7 depth 9 interviews
8 telephone 9 interviews
9 interviews 10 with
9 interviews 12 aged
9 interviews 13 ≥65
10 with 11 women
13 ≥65 14 years
13 ≥65 15 with
15 with 18 osteoporosis
16 clinically 17 confirmed
17 confirmed 18 osteoporosis

interviewees were asked about their beliefs and experiences related to osteoporosis and osteoporosis treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 interviewees 7 and
1 interviewees 9 related
1 interviewees 12 and
2 were 3 asked
2 were 7 and
3 asked 4 about
4 about 6 beliefs
5 their 6 beliefs
7 and 8 experiences
9 related 10 to
10 to 11 osteoporosis
12 and 14 treatment
13 osteoporosis 14 treatment

interviews were recorded and transcribed ; key themes were identified using qualitative analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 interviews 2 were
2 were 4 and
3 recorded 4 and
4 and 5 transcribed
6 ; 8 themes
6 ; 10 identified
7 key 8 themes
8 themes 9 were
9 were 10 identified
10 identified 11 using
11 using 13 analysis
12 qualitative 13 analysis

results : perceived need , medication effectiveness and medication safety were identified as critical influences on women 's views about prescription osteoporosis medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 need
3 perceived 4 need
5 , 8 and
5 , 11 were
6 medication 7 effectiveness
7 effectiveness 8 and
8 and 10 safety
8 and 11 were
9 medication 10 safety
11 were 15 influences
12 identified 15 influences
13 as 14 critical
14 critical 15 influences
15 influences 16 on
15 influences 20 about
16 on 19 views
17 women 18 's
18 's 19 views
20 about 23 medication
21 prescription 23 medication
22 osteoporosis 23 medication

these perceptions were in turn influenced by various beliefs , experiences and behaviours , including interactions with the physician , personal experience and behaviours , and vicarious experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 perceptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 2 perceptions
2 perceptions 3 were
3 were 5 turn
3 were 6 influenced
4 in 5 turn
6 influenced 7 by
6 influenced 15 including
7 by 12 and
8 various 9 beliefs
9 beliefs 10 ,
10 , 11 experiences
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 behaviours
14 , 15 including
15 including 16 interactions
15 including 17 with
15 including 20 ,
17 with 19 physician
18 the 19 physician
20 , 26 and
21 personal 22 experience
22 experience 23 and
23 and 24 behaviours
23 and 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 experience
27 vicarious 28 experience

conclusions : older women with osteoporosis need clear information about their condition , including the diagnosis , the implications of the diagnosis , treatment options , medication effectiveness and side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 women
2 : 7 need
2 : 26 ,
2 : 32 .
3 older 4 women
4 women 5 with
4 women 7 need
5 with 6 osteoporosis
7 need 9 information
8 clear 9 information
9 information 10 about
10 about 12 condition
11 their 12 condition
12 condition 14 including
12 condition 19 implications
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 diagnosis
14 including 17 ,
15 the 16 diagnosis
17 , 19 implications
18 the 19 implications
19 implications 20 of
19 implications 26 ,
20 of 22 diagnosis
21 the 22 diagnosis
22 diagnosis 25 options
23 , 25 options
24 treatment 25 options
25 options 26 ,
26 , 29 and
27 medication 28 effectiveness
28 effectiveness 29 and
29 and 31 effects
30 side 31 effects

physicians should check with their patients to confirm understanding and address concerns , as older women may not always voice their reservations and concerns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 physicians 2 should
2 should 3 check
3 check 4 with
3 check 7 to
4 with 6 patients
5 their 6 patients
7 to 10 and
8 confirm 9 understanding
8 confirm 10 and
10 and 11 address
10 and 14 as
11 address 12 concerns
13 , 14 as
14 as 16 women
14 as 25 .
15 older 16 women
16 women 23 and
17 may 18 not
17 may 20 voice
17 may 23 and
19 always 20 voice
20 voice 22 reservations
21 their 22 reservations
23 and 24 concerns

several sets of explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate medications ( pims ) have been developed by expert consensus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 several 2 sets
2 sets 3 of
2 sets 13 have
3 of 5 criteria
4 explicit 5 criteria
5 criteria 6 for
6 for 9 medications
7 potentially 8 inappropriate
8 inappropriate 9 medications
9 medications 11 pims
10 ( 11 pims
11 pims 12 )
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 developed
15 developed 16 by
16 by 18 consensus
17 expert 18 consensus

the purpose of this review is to summarize [and] [compare] existing criteria to enable more informed choices about their use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 enable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 summarize
7 to 8 summarize
8 summarize 12 criteria
8 summarize 13 to
11 existing 12 criteria
13 to 14 enable
14 enable 17 choices
14 enable 18 about
15 more 16 informed
16 informed 17 choices
18 about 20 use
19 their 20 use

after a systematic literature search was conducted , seven examples of criteria published between 1991 and 2009 were included in the review and their individual characteristics are presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 after 5 search
1 after 7 conducted
1 after 10 examples
2 a 3 systematic
2 a 5 search
3 systematic 4 literature
4 literature 5 search
5 search 6 was
6 was 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 ,
9 seven 10 examples
10 examples 11 of
10 examples 18 were
11 of 12 criteria
12 criteria 13 published
13 published 14 between
14 between 16 and
15 1991 16 and
16 and 17 2009
18 were 19 included
19 included 20 in
20 in 22 review
21 the 22 review
23 and 26 characteristics
23 and 28 presented
24 their 26 characteristics
25 individual 26 characteristics
26 characteristics 27 are
27 are 28 presented

common medications listed in the majority of these criteria are also summarized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 medications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 summarized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 common 2 medications
2 medications 3 listed
2 medications 10 are
3 listed 4 in
4 in 6 majority
5 the 6 majority
6 majority 7 of
7 of 9 criteria
8 these 9 criteria
10 are 12 summarized
11 also 12 summarized

pims listed regardless of co - morbidities in all seven criteria sets were long - acting benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 pims 2 listed
1 pims 4 of
1 pims 18 and
2 listed 3 regardless
4 of 17 benzodiazepines
5 co 7 morbidities
5 co 17 benzodiazepines
6 - 7 morbidities
7 morbidities 8 in
7 morbidities 15 -
8 in 11 criteria
9 all 10 seven
10 seven 11 criteria
11 criteria 12 sets
11 criteria 13 were
12 sets 13 were
13 were 14 long
16 acting 17 benzodiazepines
18 and 20 antidepressants
19 tricyclic 20 antidepressants

pims regardless of co - morbidities were most similar among the beers , rancourt and winit - watjana criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 morbidities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
1 pims 6 morbidities
2 regardless 3 of
3 of 4 co
3 of 5 -
3 of 6 morbidities
6 morbidities 7 were
7 were 9 similar
8 most 9 similar
9 similar 10 among
10 among 15 and
11 the 12 beers
12 beers 13 ,
13 , 14 rancourt
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 winit
16 winit 19 criteria
17 - 19 criteria
18 watjana 19 criteria
19 criteria 20 .

several drug - disease interactions such as benzodiazepines and [falls] were cited in most criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 several 2 drug
3 - 5 interactions
4 disease 5 interactions
5 interactions 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 9 and
8 benzodiazepines 9 and
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 cited
12 cited 13 in
13 in 15 criteria
14 most 15 criteria

with respect to drug - drug interactions , most criteria agreed that concomitant use of warfarin and nsaids should be avoided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 agreed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 with 2 respect
1 with 8 ,
1 with 10 criteria
2 respect 3 to
2 respect 4 drug
2 respect 7 interactions
3 to 4 drug
5 - 7 interactions
6 drug 7 interactions
7 interactions 8 ,
9 most 10 criteria
10 criteria 11 agreed
11 agreed 12 that
12 that 14 use
12 that 21 avoided
13 concomitant 14 use
14 use 15 of
14 use 19 should
15 of 17 and
16 warfarin 17 and
17 and 18 nsaids
19 should 20 be
20 be 21 avoided

the prevalence of pims varied with patient population , availability of medications in local markets , the specialties of the prescribing physicians and the assessment instruments used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 5 varied
3 of 4 pims
5 varied 6 with
6 with 8 population
7 patient 8 population
8 population 10 availability
9 , 10 availability
10 availability 11 of
10 availability 16 ,
11 of 12 medications
12 medications 13 in
13 in 15 markets
14 local 15 markets
16 , 23 and
17 the 18 specialties
18 specialties 19 of
18 specialties 23 and
19 of 22 physicians
20 the 22 physicians
21 prescribing 22 physicians
23 and 26 instruments
23 and 27 used
24 the 26 instruments
25 assessment 26 instruments

the associations between pims use and health outcomes were largely inconclusive because of limited data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 between
2 associations 9 were
3 between 6 and
4 pims 5 use
5 use 6 and
6 and 8 outcomes
7 health 8 outcomes
9 were 10 largely
9 were 11 inconclusive
11 inconclusive 12 because
12 because 13 of
13 of 15 data
14 limited 15 data

further research is necessary to validate these published criteria in terms of reducing the incidence of adverse drug reactions and improving health outcomes among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 necessary
4 necessary 5 to
4 necessary 13 reducing
5 to 6 validate
6 validate 9 criteria
6 validate 10 in
7 these 9 criteria
8 published 9 criteria
10 in 11 terms
11 terms 12 of
12 of 13 reducing
13 reducing 15 incidence
13 reducing 24 among
14 the 15 incidence
15 incidence 16 of
16 of 20 and
17 adverse 19 reactions
18 drug 19 reactions
19 reactions 20 and
20 and 23 outcomes
21 improving 22 health
22 health 23 outcomes
24 among 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

incorporation of these criteria into computer [-] assisted order entry systems would increase their utilization in daily practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 incorporation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 incorporation 2 of
1 incorporation 12 would
2 of 4 criteria
3 these 4 criteria
4 criteria 5 into
5 into 11 systems
6 computer 8 assisted
8 assisted 9 order
9 order 11 systems
10 entry 11 systems
12 would 13 increase
13 increase 15 utilization
13 increase 16 in
14 their 15 utilization
16 in 18 practice
17 daily 18 practice

[none] the present study included 229 healthy men having different habitual patterns of daily locomotor activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 8 men
6 229 8 men
7 healthy 8 men
8 men 9 having
9 having 12 patterns
10 different 12 patterns
11 habitual 12 patterns
12 patterns 13 of
13 of 16 activity
14 daily 15 locomotor
15 locomotor 16 activity

they were allocated to 4 groups encompassing subjects of different age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 allocated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 allocated
3 allocated 4 to
4 to 6 groups
5 4 6 groups
6 groups 7 encompassing
7 encompassing 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 of
9 of 11 age
10 different 11 age

group 1 consisted of medium - level athletes and subjects regularly engaged in physical exercises , group 2 included former high - level athletes continuing active physical training , group 3 was comprised of former high - level athletes living a sedentary life style , and group 4 included subjects who were never engaged in physical exercises . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 group 2 1
1 group 16 ,
2 1 9 and
2 1 12 engaged
3 consisted 4 of
3 consisted 9 and
4 of 8 athletes
5 medium 6 -
5 medium 7 level
7 level 8 athletes
9 and 10 subjects
11 regularly 12 engaged
12 engaged 13 in
13 in 15 exercises
14 physical 15 exercises
16 , 46 and
17 group 18 2
17 group 46 and
18 2 19 included
18 2 30 group
18 2 32 was
18 2 33 comprised
18 2 34 of
20 former 30 group
21 high 24 athletes
21 high 30 group
22 - 24 athletes
23 level 24 athletes
24 athletes 25 continuing
24 athletes 29 ,
25 continuing 28 training
26 active 28 training
27 physical 28 training
30 group 31 3
30 group 32 was
34 of 38 level
35 former 38 level
36 high 37 -
36 high 38 level
38 level 39 athletes
38 level 44 style
39 athletes 40 living
39 athletes 44 style
40 living 43 life
41 a 42 sedentary
41 a 43 life
42 sedentary 43 life
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 group
47 group 50 subjects
48 4 49 included
49 included 50 subjects
50 subjects 51 who
50 subjects 52 were
51 who 52 were
52 were 53 never
52 were 54 engaged
54 engaged 55 in
55 in 57 exercises
56 physical 57 exercises

all the participants of the study were examined using an amsat - covert automated diagnostic system designed [for] rapid topical evaluation of the human functional state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 participants
1 all 7 were
2 the 3 participants
3 participants 4 of
4 of 6 study
5 the 6 study
7 were 8 examined
8 examined 9 using
9 using 21 evaluation
10 an 21 evaluation
11 amsat 13 covert
12 - 13 covert
13 covert 14 automated
14 automated 15 diagnostic
15 diagnostic 17 designed
16 system 17 designed
17 designed 21 evaluation
19 rapid 21 evaluation
20 topical 21 evaluation
21 evaluation 22 of
22 of 26 state
23 the 26 state
24 human 26 state
25 functional 26 state

the results of the study indicate that the regime of daily locomotor activity and previous experience with physical training have marked effect on the age - specific dynamics of the main functional systems of the organism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 indicate
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 14 and
7 that 21 marked
8 the 9 regime
9 regime 10 of
9 regime 14 and
10 of 13 activity
11 daily 13 activity
12 locomotor 13 activity
14 and 16 experience
14 and 17 with
14 and 20 have
15 previous 16 experience
17 with 19 training
18 physical 19 training
20 have 21 marked
21 marked 22 effect
21 marked 23 on
23 on 25 age
24 the 25 age
26 - 28 dynamics
27 specific 28 dynamics
28 dynamics 29 of
28 dynamics 34 of
29 of 33 systems
30 the 31 main
30 the 33 systems
32 functional 33 systems
34 of 36 organism
35 the 36 organism

continuation of physical activity in former athletes permits them to preserve [a] higher functional status of the main functional systems of the organism compared with former high - level athletes living a sedentary life style and subject who were never engaged in physical exercises . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 continuation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 permits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 continuation 2 of
1 continuation 8 permits
2 of 4 activity
3 physical 4 activity
4 activity 5 in
5 in 7 athletes
6 former 7 athletes
8 permits 9 them
8 permits 10 to
8 permits 11 preserve
10 to 11 preserve
11 preserve 15 status
11 preserve 25 with
13 higher 15 status
14 functional 15 status
15 status 16 of
15 status 21 of
16 of 20 systems
17 the 20 systems
18 main 20 systems
19 functional 20 systems
21 of 23 organism
22 the 23 organism
23 organism 24 compared
25 with 30 athletes
25 with 31 living
26 former 30 athletes
27 high 28 -
27 high 30 athletes
29 level 30 athletes
31 living 36 and
31 living 42 in
32 a 33 sedentary
32 a 35 style
33 sedentary 34 life
34 life 35 style
35 style 36 and
36 and 37 subject
36 and 38 who
36 and 39 were
38 who 39 were
39 were 40 never
39 were 41 engaged
42 in 44 exercises
43 physical 44 exercises

fat transfer for the aging face is an increasingly popular method for facial rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transfer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 fat 2 transfer
2 transfer 3 for
2 transfer 7 is
3 for 6 face
4 the 6 face
5 aging 6 face
7 is 11 method
8 an 11 method
9 increasingly 10 popular
10 popular 11 method
11 method 12 for
12 for 14 rejuvenation
13 facial 14 rejuvenation

however , there are inherent risks with fat transfer due to the nature of a fat graft that limits its potential use in the context of soft tissue trauma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 risks
4 are 7 with
4 are 11 to
4 are 23 in
5 inherent 6 risks
7 with 9 transfer
8 fat 9 transfer
10 due 11 to
11 to 13 nature
12 the 13 nature
13 nature 14 of
14 of 17 graft
15 a 16 fat
15 a 17 graft
16 fat 17 graft
17 graft 18 that
17 graft 19 limits
18 that 19 limits
19 limits 22 use
20 its 22 use
21 potential 22 use
23 in 25 context
24 the 25 context
25 context 26 of
26 of 29 trauma
27 soft 28 tissue
28 tissue 29 trauma

this article reviews these limitations and also describes techniques for performing fat transfer to attain safe and long - term aesthetic results in varied clinical settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 this 2 article
2 article 6 and
3 reviews 5 limitations
3 reviews 6 and
4 these 5 limitations
6 and 8 describes
7 also 8 describes
8 describes 9 techniques
8 describes 17 and
9 techniques 10 for
10 for 11 performing
11 performing 13 transfer
12 fat 13 transfer
13 transfer 14 to
13 transfer 15 attain
14 to 15 attain
16 safe 17 and
17 and 18 long
19 - 20 term
19 - 27 .
20 term 22 results
20 term 23 in
21 aesthetic 22 results
23 in 26 settings
24 varied 26 settings
25 clinical 26 settings

the mechanisms regulating neutrophil apoptosis are basically unaffected by the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 regulating
2 mechanisms 6 are
3 regulating 5 apoptosis
4 neutrophil 5 apoptosis
6 are 7 basically
6 are 8 unaffected
8 unaffected 9 by
9 by 12 process
10 the 12 process
11 aging 12 process

however , [a] significant impairment of cell survival occurs in elderly individuals following neutrophil [challenge] with pro [-] inflammatory stimuli , such as granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor [(] gm - csf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 impairment
4 significant 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 of
5 impairment 9 occurs
6 of 8 survival
7 cell 8 survival
9 occurs 10 in
9 occurs 16 with
10 in 12 individuals
11 elderly 12 individuals
12 individuals 13 following
13 following 14 neutrophil
16 with 20 stimuli
17 pro 20 stimuli
19 inflammatory 20 stimuli
20 stimuli 23 as
21 , 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 granulocyte
23 as 25 -
25 - 27 colony
25 - 28 -
26 macrophage 27 colony
28 - 34 csf
29 stimulating 30 factor
30 factor 34 csf
32 gm 34 csf
33 - 34 csf
34 csf 35 )

the goal of the present study was to prove the effects of melatonin supplementation on apoptosis induced by calcium signaling in human leukocytes from elderly volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 17 induced
8 to 9 prove
9 prove 11 effects
9 prove 15 on
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 supplementation
13 melatonin 14 supplementation
15 on 16 apoptosis
17 induced 18 by
17 induced 21 in
18 by 19 calcium
19 calcium 20 signaling
21 in 23 leukocytes
22 human 23 leukocytes
23 leukocytes 24 from
24 from 26 volunteers
25 elderly 26 volunteers

importantly , melatonin treatment substantially preserved mitochondrial membrane potential , reversed caspase activation , reduced ps exposure and forestalled dna fragmentation in leukocytes from both age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 9 potential
3 melatonin 9 potential
4 treatment 9 potential
5 substantially 6 preserved
6 preserved 8 membrane
7 mitochondrial 8 membrane
8 membrane 9 potential
9 potential 13 activation
9 potential 18 and
10 , 13 activation
11 reversed 12 caspase
12 caspase 13 activation
13 activation 14 ,
15 reduced 17 exposure
15 reduced 18 and
16 ps 17 exposure
18 and 19 forestalled
19 forestalled 21 fragmentation
20 dna 21 fragmentation
21 fragmentation 22 in
21 fragmentation 24 from
22 in 23 leukocytes
24 from 27 groups
25 both 27 groups
26 age 27 groups

in conclusion , melatonin is able to delay endoplasmic reticulum stress - induced apoptosis in aged leukocytes and may counteract , at the cellular level , age - related degenerative phenomena linked to oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 melatonin
3 , 5 is
3 , 12 -
4 melatonin 5 is
5 is 6 able
6 able 7 to
6 able 8 delay
7 to 8 delay
8 delay 11 stress
9 endoplasmic 11 stress
10 reticulum 11 stress
12 - 18 and
12 - 29 related
12 - 36 .
13 induced 14 apoptosis
13 induced 15 in
13 induced 18 and
15 in 17 leukocytes
16 aged 17 leukocytes
18 and 19 may
19 may 20 counteract
20 counteract 22 at
20 counteract 27 age
21 , 22 at
22 at 25 level
22 at 26 ,
23 the 25 level
24 cellular 25 level
28 - 29 related
29 related 31 phenomena
30 degenerative 31 phenomena
31 phenomena 32 linked
32 linked 33 to
33 to 35 stress
34 oxidative 35 stress

background/aims : treating a group of chronic hepatitis [b] virus ( hbv ) - infected patients [with] high viral load and advanced fibrosis [or] cirrhosis , regardless of their serum alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) levels , is recommended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 background/aims 2 :
2 : 3 treating
3 treating 5 group
4 a 5 group
5 group 6 of
6 of 10 virus
7 chronic 10 virus
8 hepatitis 10 virus
10 virus 12 hbv
11 ( 12 hbv
12 hbv 13 )
14 - 20 load
14 - 21 and
14 - 39 recommended
14 - 40 .
15 infected 19 viral
16 patients 19 viral
18 high 19 viral
19 viral 20 load
21 and 25 cirrhosis
21 and 37 ,
22 advanced 23 fibrosis
23 fibrosis 25 cirrhosis
25 cirrhosis 37 ,
26 , 28 of
27 regardless 28 of
28 of 32 aminotransferase
28 of 35 )
28 of 36 levels
29 their 32 aminotransferase
30 serum 31 alanine
31 alanine 32 aminotransferase
32 aminotransferase 34 alt
33 ( 34 alt
34 alt 35 )
36 levels 37 ,
37 , 38 is
38 is 39 recommended

methods : information was collected from 124 patients who underwent liver biopsy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 information
2 : 4 was
2 : 13 .
3 information 4 was
4 was 5 collected
5 collected 6 from
6 from 7 124
7 124 8 patients
7 124 12 biopsy
8 patients 9 who
8 patients 10 underwent
8 patients 12 biopsy
9 who 10 underwent
10 underwent 11 liver

the diagnostic value of predictors was judged using multivariate logistic modeling and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ( roc area ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 judged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 value
2 diagnostic 3 value
3 value 4 of
3 value 6 was
4 of 5 predictors
6 was 7 judged
7 judged 8 using
7 judged 14 under
8 using 12 and
9 multivariate 11 modeling
10 logistic 11 modeling
11 modeling 12 and
12 and 13 area
14 under 16 receiver
15 the 16 receiver
16 receiver 17 operating
17 operating 19 curves
18 characteristic 19 curves
19 curves 22 area
20 ( 22 area
21 roc 22 area
22 area 23 )

results : advanced fibrosis ( f3 or f4 on metavir scoring schema ) was diagnosed in 45.7 % ( 95 % ci , 34 - 57.4 % [ )(of the patients of the derivation set ( 70 patients ) [and] in 37 % ( 95 % ci , 24.2 - 49.9 % [ )(of the validation set ( 54 patients ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 advanced
3 advanced 4 fibrosis
3 advanced 14 was
3 advanced 15 diagnosed
4 fibrosis 12 schema
4 fibrosis 14 was
5 ( 12 schema
6 f3 7 or
7 or 8 f4
7 or 11 scoring
8 f4 9 on
9 on 10 metavir
11 scoring 12 schema
12 schema 13 )
15 diagnosed 16 in
15 diagnosed 25 -
16 in 18 %
17 45.7 18 %
18 % 22 ci
19 ( 22 ci
20 95 22 ci
21 % 22 ci
22 ci 23 ,
24 34 25 -
25 - 26 57.4
26 57.4 27 %
27 % 29 )(of
29 )(of 31 patients
30 the 31 patients
31 patients 32 of
31 patients 41 in
32 of 34 derivation
33 the 34 derivation
34 derivation 35 set
34 derivation 38 patients
36 ( 38 patients
37 70 38 patients
38 patients 39 )
41 in 43 %
42 37 43 %
43 % 47 ci
43 % 52 %
44 ( 47 ci
45 95 47 ci
46 % 47 ci
47 ci 48 ,
48 , 52 %
49 24.2 50 -
50 - 51 49.9
50 - 52 %
52 % 54 )(of
52 % 62 .
54 )(of 56 validation
55 the 56 validation
56 validation 57 set
56 validation 60 patients
58 ( 60 patients
59 54 60 patients
60 patients 61 )

in the derivation set , age and aspartate aminotransferase [(] [ast] ) were independent clinical predictors of advanced [fibrosis] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 advanced
2 the 3 derivation
3 derivation 7 and
3 derivation 17 of
3 derivation 18 advanced
4 set 5 ,
5 , 6 age
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 aminotransferase
7 and 12 )
7 and 13 were
8 aspartate 9 aminotransferase
13 were 16 predictors
14 independent 16 predictors
15 clinical 16 predictors
16 predictors 17 of
18 advanced 20 .

the roc areas of this age [-] [ast] model were 0.8 ( 95 % ci , 0.7 - 0.9 ) in the derivation set and 0.82 [(] 95 % ci , 0.71 - 0.93 ) in the validation set , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
1 the 3 areas
2 roc 3 areas
3 areas 4 of
3 areas 10 were
4 of 9 model
5 this 9 model
6 age 9 model
10 were 11 0.8
10 were 18 -
10 were 21 in
10 were 33 -
10 were 36 in
11 0.8 15 ci
12 ( 15 ci
13 95 15 ci
14 % 15 ci
15 ci 16 ,
16 , 18 -
17 0.7 18 -
18 - 19 0.9
18 - 20 )
21 in 25 and
22 the 24 set
23 derivation 24 set
24 set 25 and
25 and 30 ci
26 0.82 30 ci
28 95 30 ci
29 % 30 ci
31 , 33 -
32 0.71 33 -
33 - 34 0.93
33 - 35 )
36 in 38 validation
37 the 38 validation
38 validation 39 set
39 set 41 respectively
40 , 41 respectively
41 respectively 42 .

without missing a single case , this model identified 11 patients ( 20 % ) without advanced fibrosis [in] [the] validation set . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 without 2 missing
1 without 6 ,
1 without 8 model
2 missing 5 case
3 a 4 single
3 a 5 case
4 single 5 case
7 this 8 model
8 model 9 identified
9 identified 11 patients
9 identified 16 without
10 11 11 patients
11 patients 14 %
12 ( 14 %
13 20 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 without 21 validation
17 advanced 18 fibrosis
18 fibrosis 21 validation
21 validation 22 set

conclusions : a substantial proportion of patients with high viral load [and] alt < 2 × unl have advanced [fibrosis] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 proportion
3 a 5 proportion
4 substantial 5 proportion
5 proportion 6 of
6 of 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 13 alt
9 high 11 load
10 viral 11 load
11 load 13 alt
14 < 15 2
15 2 17 unl
16 × 17 unl
17 unl 18 have
18 have 19 advanced

a simple model including age and [ast] is an easily applicable tool for physicians to guide their decisions on whether or not to perform liver biopsy in individual patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 simple
1 a 5 age
2 simple 3 model
3 model 5 age
4 including 5 age
6 and 8 is
6 and 26 biopsy
8 is 12 tool
9 an 10 easily
9 an 12 tool
10 easily 11 applicable
11 applicable 12 tool
12 tool 13 for
12 tool 18 decisions
12 tool 26 biopsy
13 for 14 physicians
14 physicians 15 to
14 physicians 16 guide
15 to 16 guide
17 their 18 decisions
18 decisions 19 on
18 decisions 26 biopsy
19 on 22 not
20 whether 21 or
21 or 22 not
22 not 23 to
22 not 24 perform
23 to 24 perform
24 perform 25 liver
26 biopsy 27 in
27 in 29 patients
28 individual 29 patients

rationale : although hypnotics are primarily used by older people , the residual effects [the] morning after a single nighttime intake of the two most commonly prescribed hypnotics [,] zolpidem ( zp ) [and] zopiclone ( zc ) , on older middle - aged drivers have not been evaluated and compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rationale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 rationale 2 :
2 : 3 although
2 : 7 used
3 although 4 hypnotics
3 although 5 are
4 hypnotics 5 are
5 are 6 primarily
7 used 8 by
8 by 10 people
9 older 10 people
11 , 16 morning
12 the 16 morning
13 residual 14 effects
14 effects 16 morning
16 morning 17 after
16 morning 22 of
16 morning 28 hypnotics
17 after 21 intake
18 a 21 intake
19 single 21 intake
20 nighttime 21 intake
22 of 24 two
23 the 24 two
24 two 25 most
24 two 27 prescribed
25 most 27 prescribed
26 commonly 27 prescribed
28 hypnotics 35 zopiclone
30 zolpidem 32 zp
30 zolpidem 35 zopiclone
31 ( 32 zp
32 zp 33 )
35 zopiclone 37 zc
35 zopiclone 40 on
35 zopiclone 45 drivers
36 ( 37 zc
37 zc 38 )
39 , 40 on
40 on 42 middle
40 on 43 -
41 older 42 middle
43 - 45 drivers
44 aged 45 drivers
45 drivers 50 and
45 drivers 52 .
46 have 47 not
46 have 48 been
46 have 50 and
48 been 49 evaluated
50 and 51 compared

methods : sixteen healthy subjects , 55 to 65 years of age , participated in this double - blind , balanced , cross - over study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 subjects
2 : 14 participated
2 : 18 -
2 : 20 ,
3 sixteen 5 subjects
4 healthy 5 subjects
5 subjects 7 55
5 subjects 14 participated
6 , 7 55
7 55 8 to
7 55 11 of
7 55 13 ,
8 to 10 years
9 65 10 years
11 of 12 age
14 participated 15 in
15 in 17 double
16 this 17 double
18 - 19 blind
20 , 23 cross
21 balanced 22 ,
21 balanced 23 cross
23 cross 25 over
24 - 25 over
25 over 26 study
25 over 27 .

zc ( 7.5 mg ) , zp ( 10 mg ) and flunitrazepam ( fln ) ( 1 mg ) or a placebo was administered at each subject 's home at 11.00 pm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 zc 4 mg
1 zc 6 ,
2 ( 4 mg
3 7.5 4 mg
4 mg 5 )
6 , 7 zp
6 , 12 and
7 zp 10 mg
8 ( 10 mg
9 10 10 mg
10 mg 11 )
12 and 13 flunitrazepam
12 and 15 fln
12 and 19 mg
12 and 21 or
14 ( 15 fln
15 fln 16 )
17 ( 19 mg
18 1 19 mg
19 mg 20 )
21 or 23 placebo
21 or 24 was
22 a 23 placebo
24 was 25 administered
25 administered 26 at
25 administered 31 at
26 at 30 home
27 each 28 subject
28 subject 29 's
29 's 30 home
31 at 33 pm
32 11.00 33 pm

the next morning , at 9.00 am , the subjects had to drive in a simulated monotonous driving environment for 1 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
1 the 2 next
2 next 3 morning
3 morning 4 ,
3 morning 10 subjects
4 , 5 at
5 at 7 am
5 at 8 ,
5 at 10 subjects
6 9.00 7 am
9 the 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 had
11 had 12 to
11 had 13 drive
12 to 13 drive
13 drive 14 in
14 in 19 environment
15 a 19 environment
16 simulated 19 environment
17 monotonous 19 environment
18 driving 19 environment
19 environment 20 for
20 for 22 h
21 1 22 h
22 h 23 .

during each morning session , two blood samples were collected , and subjective feelings of alertness were completed three times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 during 4 session
1 during 5 ,
1 during 8 samples
2 each 4 session
3 morning 4 session
6 two 8 samples
7 blood 8 samples
8 samples 9 were
9 were 10 collected
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 feelings
12 and 18 completed
13 subjective 14 feelings
14 feelings 15 of
14 feelings 17 were
15 of 16 alertness
17 were 18 completed
18 completed 20 times
19 three 20 times

results : in comparison [to] placebo , zp and zc equivalently [and] significantly impaired the standard deviation of lateral position , the standard deviation of speed and the number of road exits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 6 placebo
2 : 7 ,
3 in 4 comparison
4 comparison 6 placebo
7 , 9 and
7 , 14 impaired
8 zp 9 and
9 and 10 zc
9 and 14 impaired
11 equivalently 14 impaired
13 significantly 14 impaired
14 impaired 17 deviation
15 the 17 deviation
16 standard 17 deviation
17 deviation 18 of
17 deviation 30 of
18 of 27 and
19 lateral 20 position
20 position 21 ,
21 , 24 deviation
21 , 27 and
22 the 24 deviation
23 standard 24 deviation
24 deviation 25 of
25 of 26 speed
27 and 29 number
28 the 29 number
30 of 32 exits
31 road 32 exits

detectable blood concentrations were found with zp in 11 subjects at 8.30 am and at 1.30 pm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 detectable 2 blood
2 blood 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 with
5 found 8 in
6 with 7 zp
8 in 10 subjects
9 11 10 subjects
10 subjects 14 and
11 at 13 am
11 at 14 and
12 8.30 13 am
14 and 15 at
15 at 17 pm
16 1.30 17 pm

the subjective alertness factor was significantly impaired with zp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 4 factor
2 subjective 3 alertness
3 alertness 4 factor
4 factor 5 was
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 impaired
7 impaired 8 with
8 with 9 zp

conclusions : this is the first study revealing residual effects of zp on driving performance in ageing drivers which are similar to that of zc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
2 : 26 .
3 this 4 is
4 is 7 study
5 the 7 study
6 first 7 study
7 study 8 revealing
7 study 16 in
8 revealing 10 effects
9 residual 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
10 effects 13 on
11 of 12 zp
13 on 14 driving
14 driving 15 performance
16 in 18 drivers
17 ageing 18 drivers
18 drivers 19 which
18 drivers 20 are
18 drivers 24 of
19 which 20 are
20 are 21 similar
21 similar 22 to
22 to 23 that
24 of 25 zc

studying the effects of medication in different age ranges appears useful to complete the studies on behavioural - pharmacological effects of medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 studying 3 effects
1 studying 6 in
1 studying 10 appears
2 the 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
4 of 5 medication
6 in 9 ranges
7 different 8 age
8 age 9 ranges
10 appears 11 useful
11 useful 12 to
11 useful 13 complete
12 to 13 complete
13 complete 15 studies
13 complete 16 on
14 the 15 studies
16 on 20 effects
17 behavioural 18 -
17 behavioural 20 effects
19 pharmacological 20 effects
20 effects 21 of
21 of 22 medication

to reduce the incidence of driving accidents due to prescription drugs , patients should be warned at the time of treatment initiation that they should avoid driving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 reduce
2 reduce 4 incidence
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
5 of 6 driving
6 driving 7 accidents
6 driving 9 to
8 due 9 to
9 to 11 drugs
10 prescription 11 drugs
12 , 13 patients
12 , 16 warned
13 patients 14 should
14 should 15 be
15 be 16 warned
16 warned 17 at
16 warned 23 that
17 at 19 time
18 the 19 time
19 time 20 of
20 of 22 initiation
21 treatment 22 initiation
23 that 24 they
23 that 26 avoid
24 they 25 should
25 should 26 avoid
26 avoid 27 driving

none objective : to elucidate the correlation between the telomere length and subtelomeric methylated status in peripheral leukocytes and the laboratory data of inpatients with brain infarction and metabolic disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 inpatients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 5 elucidate
1 none 24 inpatients
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 elucidate
4 to 5 elucidate
5 elucidate 7 correlation
5 elucidate 8 between
6 the 7 correlation
8 between 10 telomere
9 the 10 telomere
10 telomere 12 and
10 telomere 23 of
11 length 12 and
12 and 13 subtelomeric
12 and 14 methylated
14 methylated 15 status
14 methylated 16 in
16 in 19 and
17 peripheral 18 leukocytes
18 leukocytes 19 and
19 and 22 data
20 the 22 data
21 laboratory 22 data
22 data 23 of
24 inpatients 25 with
25 with 28 and
26 brain 27 infarction
27 infarction 28 and
28 and 30 disorders
29 metabolic 30 disorders

this is the first report describing a link between routine clinical laboratory data and genomic aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 report
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 report
5 report 6 describing
6 describing 8 link
6 describing 9 between
7 a 8 link
9 between 14 and
10 routine 13 data
11 clinical 12 laboratory
12 laboratory 13 data
13 data 14 and
14 and 15 genomic
14 and 16 aging

design : cross - sectional population - based study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cross
2 : 8 based
2 : 10 .
3 cross 6 population
3 cross 8 based
4 - 6 population
5 sectional 6 population
6 population 7 -
8 based 9 study

setting : chronic disease [ward] of kyushu university hospital at beppu in japan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 4 disease
3 chronic 4 disease
4 disease 6 of
6 of 9 hospital
7 kyushu 8 university
8 university 9 hospital
9 hospital 10 at
10 at 11 beppu
11 beppu 12 in
12 in 13 japan

participants : inpatients with brain infarction and metabolic disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 inpatients
3 inpatients 4 with
4 with 7 and
5 brain 6 infarction
6 infarction 7 and
7 and 9 disorders
8 metabolic 9 disorders

measurements : the laboratory data of male patients were collected and the telomeric parameters in their peripheral leukocytes were determined by a southern blot analysis with methylation - sensitive and insensitive isoschizomers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 5 data
2 : 9 were
2 : 11 and
2 : 28 -
3 the 5 data
4 laboratory 5 data
5 data 6 of
5 data 9 were
6 of 8 patients
7 male 8 patients
9 were 10 collected
11 and 14 parameters
11 and 19 were
12 the 14 parameters
13 telomeric 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 in
14 parameters 19 were
15 in 18 leukocytes
16 their 18 leukocytes
17 peripheral 18 leukocytes
19 were 20 determined
20 determined 21 by
21 by 25 analysis
22 a 25 analysis
23 southern 24 blot
24 blot 25 analysis
25 analysis 26 with
26 with 27 methylation
28 - 32 isoschizomers
29 sensitive 30 and
30 and 31 insensitive
30 and 32 isoschizomers

any correlations between the laboratory data and the telomeric parameters were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 any 2 correlations
2 correlations 3 between
2 correlations 11 were
3 between 7 and
4 the 6 data
5 laboratory 6 data
6 data 7 and
7 and 10 parameters
8 the 10 parameters
9 telomeric 10 parameters
11 were 12 assessed

results : the patients revealed a significant correlation among the fasting blood sugar , hba1c , serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels with the mean telomere length , expression of long telomeres ( > 9.4 kb ) , or the subtelomeric hypermethylation status of long telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 5 revealed
2 : 47 .
3 the 4 patients
4 patients 5 revealed
5 revealed 8 correlation
5 revealed 9 among
5 revealed 23 with
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 correlation
7 significant 8 correlation
9 among 12 blood
10 the 12 blood
11 fasting 12 blood
12 blood 21 nitrogen
12 blood 22 levels
13 sugar 14 ,
14 , 15 hba1c
14 , 16 ,
16 , 18 creatinine
16 , 19 and
17 serum 18 creatinine
19 and 20 urea
19 and 21 nitrogen
21 nitrogen 22 levels
23 with 39 or
24 the 27 length
25 mean 26 telomere
26 telomere 27 length
27 length 28 ,
28 , 29 expression
28 , 39 or
29 expression 30 of
30 of 32 telomeres
31 long 32 telomeres
32 telomeres 36 kb
33 ( 36 kb
34 > 35 9.4
35 9.4 36 kb
36 kb 37 )
38 , 39 or
39 or 43 status
40 the 43 status
41 subtelomeric 42 hypermethylation
42 hypermethylation 43 status
43 status 44 of
44 of 46 telomeres
45 long 46 telomeres

conclusion : our results suggested that the hyperglycemia and renal function of patients with metabolic disorders correlated positively with the aging - associated telomeric changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 suggested
4 results 6 that
4 results 17 correlated
6 that 9 and
6 that 17 correlated
7 the 8 hyperglycemia
8 hyperglycemia 9 and
9 and 11 function
9 and 12 of
9 and 14 with
9 and 17 correlated
10 renal 11 function
12 of 13 patients
14 with 16 disorders
15 metabolic 16 disorders
17 correlated 18 positively
17 correlated 19 with
19 with 21 aging
20 the 21 aging
22 - 25 changes
22 - 26 .
23 associated 25 changes
24 telomeric 25 changes

background : the aim of the study was to determine which risk factors were associated with the recurrence of falls among community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 11 which
11 which 12 risk
12 risk 13 factors
12 risk 19 of
12 risk 20 falls
13 factors 14 were
14 were 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 recurrence
17 the 18 recurrence
18 recurrence 19 of
20 falls 21 among
21 among 26 adults
22 community 24 dwelling
24 dwelling 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

methods : based on a cross - sectional design , 1066 community - dwelling volunteers aged 65 and older were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 based
3 based 4 on
4 on 6 cross
5 a 6 cross
6 cross 9 design
7 - 9 design
8 sectional 9 design
9 design 10 ,
10 , 12 community
10 , 13 -
11 1066 12 community
13 - 14 dwelling
13 - 21 recruited
13 - 22 .
14 dwelling 18 and
14 dwelling 20 were
15 volunteers 16 aged
15 volunteers 18 and
16 aged 17 65
18 and 19 older
20 were 21 recruited

subjects were separated into 4 groups based on the number of [falls] [:] 0 , 1 , 2 and ≥ 2 falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 separated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 separated
3 separated 4 into
3 separated 8 on
4 into 6 groups
5 4 6 groups
6 groups 7 based
8 on 10 number
9 the 10 number
10 number 11 of
11 of 14 0
14 0 16 1
15 , 16 1
16 1 17 ,
17 , 18 2
17 , 19 and
19 and 20 ≥
19 and 22 falls
20 ≥ 21 2
20 ≥ 22 falls

results : among the 395 ( 37.1 % ) fallers , 291 ( 27.3 % ) were single fallers and 104 ( 9.8 % ) were recurrent fallers ( i.e [.] , > 2 [falls] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 fallers
2 : 17 were
2 : 20 and
2 : 37 .
3 among 5 395
3 among 10 fallers
4 the 5 395
5 395 8 %
6 ( 8 %
7 37.1 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 fallers 12 291
10 fallers 17 were
11 , 12 291
12 291 15 %
12 291 16 )
13 ( 15 %
14 27.3 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 were 19 fallers
18 single 19 fallers
20 and 21 104
20 and 26 were
21 104 24 %
21 104 26 were
22 ( 24 %
23 9.8 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 were 28 fallers
27 recurrent 28 fallers
28 fallers 30 i.e
29 ( 30 i.e
30 i.e 34 2
30 i.e 36 )
32 , 34 2
33 > 34 2
34 2 36 )

the numbers [of] [falls] increased significantly with age ( incident rate ratio ( irr )=1.03 , p < 0.001 [ )(, female gender ( irr=1.95 , p < 0.001 [ )( institutionalization ( irr=1.66 , p=0.002 ) , [number] [of] drugs taken [per] day ( irr=1.05 , p < 0.001 [ )( use of psychoactive drugs ( irr=1.29 , p=0.009 ) , increased time of tug test ( irr=1.02 , p < 0.001 ) , use of [a] walking aid ( irr=1.59 , p=0.002 ) , and fear of falling ( irr=3.08 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 numbers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
1 the 2 numbers
2 numbers 5 increased
5 increased 6 significantly
5 increased 7 with
7 with 8 age
8 age 12 ratio
8 age 18 <
9 ( 12 ratio
10 incident 11 rate
11 rate 12 ratio
12 ratio 15 )=1.03
12 ratio 16 ,
13 ( 15 )=1.03
14 irr 15 )=1.03
15 )=1.03 16 ,
16 , 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.001
19 0.001 23 gender
19 0.001 28 <
21 )(, 23 gender
22 female 23 gender
23 gender 25 irr=1.95
23 gender 26 ,
24 ( 25 irr=1.95
25 irr=1.95 26 ,
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.001
29 0.001 32 institutionalization
29 0.001 41 drugs
32 institutionalization 34 irr=1.66
32 institutionalization 41 drugs
33 ( 34 irr=1.66
34 irr=1.66 36 p=0.002
34 irr=1.66 38 ,
35 , 36 p=0.002
36 p=0.002 37 )
41 drugs 49 <
42 taken 44 day
44 day 46 irr=1.05
45 ( 46 irr=1.05
46 irr=1.05 47 ,
47 , 49 <
48 p 49 <
49 < 53 use
50 0.001 53 use
53 use 54 of
53 use 63 increased
54 of 56 drugs
55 psychoactive 56 drugs
56 drugs 58 irr=1.29
57 ( 58 irr=1.29
58 irr=1.29 60 p=0.009
58 irr=1.29 61 )
59 , 60 p=0.009
60 p=0.009 61 )
62 , 63 increased
63 increased 64 time
64 time 65 of
65 of 76 use
66 tug 67 test
67 test 69 irr=1.02
67 test 76 use
68 ( 69 irr=1.02
69 irr=1.02 72 <
69 irr=1.02 75 ,
70 , 72 <
71 p 72 <
72 < 73 0.001
72 < 74 )
76 use 77 of
77 of 79 walking
79 walking 80 aid
80 aid 87 and
81 ( 87 and
82 irr=1.59 84 p=0.002
82 irr=1.59 87 and
83 , 84 p=0.002
84 p=0.002 85 )
86 , 87 and
87 and 88 fear
87 and 89 of
87 and 92 irr=3.08
87 and 98 .
89 of 90 falling
91 ( 92 irr=3.08
92 irr=3.08 95 <
92 irr=3.08 97 )
93 , 95 <
94 p 95 <
95 < 96 0.001

in addition , a high score at the handgrip test ( irr=0.97 , p < 0.001 ) and distance binocular vision [(] irr=0.92 , p < 0.001 ) were associated with a decreased number of falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 vision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 21 vision
4 a 5 high
4 a 6 score
5 high 6 score
6 score 7 at
6 score 18 and
7 at 10 test
8 the 10 test
9 handgrip 10 test
10 test 12 irr=0.97
11 ( 12 irr=0.97
12 irr=0.97 15 <
12 irr=0.97 17 )
13 , 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.001
18 and 19 distance
18 and 21 vision
20 binocular 21 vision
21 vision 23 irr=0.92
21 vision 35 of
21 vision 36 falls
23 irr=0.92 26 <
23 irr=0.92 29 were
24 , 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.001
26 < 28 )
29 were 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
31 with 34 number
32 a 34 number
33 decreased 34 number
34 number 35 of

after adjustment for potential confounders , only female gender ( irr=1.44 , p < 0.001 ) , vision ( irr=0.95 , p=0.006 ) and lower limb proprioception ( irr=0.95 , p=0.046 ) , and fear of falling ( irr=2.68 , p < 0.001 ) were still significantly associated with the number [of] [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confounders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 5 confounders
3 for 4 potential
3 for 5 confounders
5 confounders 9 gender
5 confounders 45 were
6 , 7 only
6 , 9 gender
8 female 9 gender
9 gender 11 irr=1.44
9 gender 44 )
10 ( 11 irr=1.44
11 irr=1.44 14 <
11 irr=1.44 18 vision
11 irr=1.44 44 )
12 , 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.001
14 < 16 )
17 , 18 vision
18 vision 34 and
18 vision 44 )
19 ( 34 and
20 irr=0.95 22 p=0.006
20 irr=0.95 24 and
21 , 22 p=0.006
22 p=0.006 23 )
24 and 27 proprioception
24 and 29 irr=0.95
24 and 31 p=0.046
24 and 34 and
25 lower 27 proprioception
26 limb 27 proprioception
28 ( 29 irr=0.95
29 irr=0.95 30 ,
30 , 31 p=0.046
31 p=0.046 32 )
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 fear
34 and 36 of
34 and 39 irr=2.68
34 and 42 <
34 and 44 )
36 of 37 falling
38 ( 39 irr=2.68
39 irr=2.68 40 ,
40 , 42 <
41 p 42 <
42 < 43 0.001
42 < 44 )
45 were 48 associated
46 still 48 associated
47 significantly 48 associated
48 associated 49 with
49 with 51 number
50 the 51 number

conclusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

the current study shows that female gender , poor vision and lower limb proprioception , and fear of falling were associated with the recurrence of falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 shows
4 shows 13 limb
4 shows 26 falls
5 that 13 limb
6 female 7 gender
7 gender 8 ,
8 , 10 vision
8 , 11 and
9 poor 10 vision
11 and 12 lower
11 and 13 limb
13 limb 16 and
13 limb 25 of
13 limb 26 falls
14 proprioception 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 fear
16 and 18 of
16 and 20 were
18 of 19 falling
20 were 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 recurrence
23 the 24 recurrence
24 recurrence 25 of

objective : anthropometric indices to obesity were evaluated as predictors of metabolic syndrome risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 indices
2 : 8 evaluated
2 : 16 .
3 anthropometric 4 indices
4 indices 5 to
4 indices 7 were
5 to 6 obesity
7 were 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 as
9 as 10 predictors
10 predictors 11 of
11 of 15 factors
12 metabolic 13 syndrome
13 syndrome 15 factors
14 risk 15 factors

our purpose was to explore an optimal or more reliable anthropometric indicator and optimal cut - off points for obesity on metabolic syndrome [in] chinese adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 explore
4 to 5 explore
5 explore 13 and
5 explore 21 on
6 an 12 indicator
7 optimal 8 or
8 or 10 reliable
8 or 12 indicator
9 more 10 reliable
11 anthropometric 12 indicator
12 indicator 13 and
13 and 15 cut
13 and 16 -
13 and 17 off
13 and 19 for
14 optimal 15 cut
17 off 18 points
19 for 20 obesity
21 on 26 adults
22 metabolic 23 syndrome
23 syndrome 26 adults
25 chinese 26 adults

participants and methods : the survey was conducted involving 2947 participants , aged 20 or [above] [with] cross - sectional study of population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 participants 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 survey
4 : 12 ,
4 : 19 -
4 : 24 .
5 the 6 survey
6 survey 7 was
7 was 12 ,
8 conducted 11 participants
8 conducted 12 ,
9 involving 11 participants
10 2947 11 participants
12 , 15 or
13 aged 14 20
13 aged 15 or
15 or 18 cross
19 - 21 study
20 sectional 21 study
21 study 22 of
22 of 23 population

the predictive validity and optimal cut - off values [were] analyzed by receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curves , area under curve [(] auc ) and the largest youden 's index ( sensitivity + specificity - 1 [ )(by gender group , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
1 the 3 validity
2 predictive 3 validity
3 validity 4 and
4 and 6 cut
4 and 8 off
4 and 27 and
5 optimal 6 cut
7 - 8 off
8 off 9 values
8 off 26 )
9 values 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 by
12 by 19 curves
13 receiver 14 operating
14 operating 19 curves
15 characteristic 17 roc
15 characteristic 19 curves
16 ( 17 roc
17 roc 18 )
19 curves 21 area
20 , 21 area
21 area 22 under
21 area 26 )
22 under 25 auc
23 curve 25 auc
27 and 32 index
27 and 35 +
28 the 29 largest
28 the 30 youden
30 youden 31 's
31 's 32 index
33 ( 35 +
34 sensitivity 35 +
35 + 36 specificity
35 + 45 .
36 specificity 38 1
36 specificity 42 group
37 - 38 1
38 1 40 )(by
38 1 42 group
40 )(by 41 gender
42 group 44 respectively
43 , 44 respectively
44 respectively 45 .

kappa value showed diagnostic consistency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 kappa 2 value
2 value 3 showed
3 showed 5 consistency
4 diagnostic 5 consistency

results : according to the criteria of cds 2004 , idf 2005 and aha/nhlbi 2005 , the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10.32 % , 9.64 % and 16.12 % [respectively] , which indicated that the prevalence was higher in men than in women and increased with age ( p < 0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 according
2 : 10 ,
3 according 4 to
4 to 6 criteria
5 the 6 criteria
6 criteria 7 of
7 of 8 cds
8 cds 9 2004
10 , 13 and
10 , 16 ,
11 idf 12 2005
11 idf 13 and
13 and 14 aha/nhlbi
14 aha/nhlbi 15 2005
16 , 18 prevalence
16 , 22 was
17 the 18 prevalence
18 prevalence 19 of
18 prevalence 22 was
19 of 21 syndrome
20 metabolic 21 syndrome
22 was 24 %
23 10.32 24 %
24 % 30 %
24 % 33 which
25 , 30 %
26 9.64 27 %
26 9.64 28 and
28 and 29 16.12
28 and 30 %
30 % 32 ,
32 , 33 which
33 which 45 and
34 indicated 35 that
34 indicated 45 and
35 that 37 prevalence
35 that 38 was
36 the 37 prevalence
37 prevalence 38 was
38 was 39 higher
38 was 40 in
38 was 42 than
40 in 41 men
42 than 43 in
43 in 44 women
45 and 46 increased
46 increased 47 with
47 with 48 age
48 age 51 <
49 ( 51 <
50 p 51 <
51 < 52 0.05
51 < 54 )(

the bmi , wc , whr and whtr in metabolic syndrome patients were greater than those in healthy volunteers and the indices in men were higher than those in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 6 whr
2 bmi 4 wc
3 , 4 wc
4 wc 5 ,
4 wc 6 whr
6 whr 7 and
7 and 8 whtr
7 and 9 in
7 and 13 were
9 in 12 patients
10 metabolic 11 syndrome
11 syndrome 12 patients
13 were 14 greater
15 than 20 and
15 than 25 were
16 those 17 in
16 those 20 and
17 in 19 volunteers
18 healthy 19 volunteers
20 and 22 indices
20 and 23 in
20 and 25 were
21 the 22 indices
23 in 24 men
25 were 26 higher
26 higher 27 than
27 than 28 those
28 those 29 in
29 in 30 women

with adjusted age and gender , the partial correlation coefficient for bmi - wc , bmi - whr and bmi - whtr was 0.7991 , 0.5278 and 0.8196 , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 whtr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 with 4 and
1 with 21 -
1 with 22 whtr
2 adjusted 3 age
3 age 4 and
4 and 5 gender
4 and 10 coefficient
6 , 10 coefficient
7 the 10 coefficient
8 partial 9 correlation
9 correlation 10 coefficient
10 coefficient 11 for
10 coefficient 21 -
11 for 16 bmi
12 bmi 14 wc
13 - 14 wc
14 wc 16 bmi
15 , 16 bmi
16 bmi 20 bmi
17 - 20 bmi
18 whr 19 and
19 and 20 bmi
20 bmi 21 -
22 whtr 23 was
23 was 24 0.7991
23 was 30 respectively
23 was 33 <
24 0.7991 27 and
25 , 27 and
26 0.5278 27 and
27 and 28 0.8196
27 and 29 ,
31 ( 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.05
33 < 35 )

the area under curves ( aucs ) of receiver operating characteristic ( roc ) curves for whtr was larger ( p < 0.05 ) than that for wc and whr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
1 the 2 area
2 area 3 under
2 area 8 of
2 area 18 was
3 under 4 curves
4 curves 6 aucs
5 ( 6 aucs
6 aucs 7 )
8 of 15 curves
9 receiver 10 operating
10 operating 15 curves
11 characteristic 13 roc
11 characteristic 15 curves
12 ( 13 roc
13 roc 14 )
15 curves 16 for
16 for 17 whtr
18 was 19 larger
19 larger 22 <
19 larger 25 than
19 larger 27 for
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.05
22 < 24 )
25 than 26 that
27 for 30 whr
28 wc 29 and
29 and 30 whr
30 whr 31 .

the cut - point of whtr was approximately 0.5 in both genders with a satisfactory balance between sensitivity and specificity , where the kappa ( [k] [ )(value for whtr - bmi was higher than that for whtr - whr , and whtr - wc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 the 2 cut
3 - 4 point
4 point 5 of
4 point 7 was
5 of 6 whtr
7 was 9 0.5
7 was 10 in
7 was 13 with
7 was 17 between
8 approximately 9 0.5
10 in 12 genders
11 both 12 genders
13 with 16 balance
14 a 16 balance
15 satisfactory 16 balance
17 between 19 and
18 sensitivity 19 and
19 and 20 specificity
19 and 21 ,
19 and 22 where
22 where 32 bmi
22 where 33 was
23 the 32 bmi
24 kappa 28 )(value
24 kappa 32 bmi
25 ( 28 )(value
28 )(value 29 for
28 )(value 31 -
29 for 30 whtr
32 bmi 33 was
33 was 34 higher
34 higher 35 than
35 than 36 that
35 than 37 for
37 for 43 whtr
38 whtr 40 whr
39 - 40 whr
40 whr 41 ,
40 whr 42 and
42 and 43 whtr
43 whtr 45 wc
44 - 45 wc
45 wc 46 .

conclusions : the results indicated that whtr might be an optimal anthropometric predictor of metabolic syndrome risk factors and the cut - point of whtr was approximately 0.50 in both genders of chinese adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicated
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 indicated
5 indicated 6 that
5 indicated 26 was
6 that 7 whtr
6 that 9 be
6 that 26 was
7 whtr 8 might
8 might 9 be
9 be 13 predictor
10 an 11 optimal
10 an 13 predictor
11 optimal 13 predictor
12 anthropometric 13 predictor
13 predictor 14 of
13 predictor 24 of
14 of 17 risk
15 metabolic 16 syndrome
16 syndrome 17 risk
17 risk 19 and
17 risk 23 point
18 factors 19 and
19 and 21 cut
19 and 22 -
19 and 23 point
20 the 21 cut
24 of 25 whtr
26 was 28 0.50
26 was 29 in
27 approximately 28 0.50
29 in 31 genders
30 both 31 genders
31 genders 32 of
32 of 34 adults
33 chinese 34 adults

objective : to develop a foodservice satisfaction instrument for residential aged care and geriatric/rehabilitation units . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 develop
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 develop
4 develop 8 instrument
5 a 6 foodservice
5 a 8 instrument
6 foodservice 7 satisfaction
7 satisfaction 8 instrument
8 instrument 9 for
9 for 13 and
10 residential 12 care
11 aged 12 care
12 care 13 and
13 and 15 units
14 geriatric/rehabilitation 15 units

the quality of care and food provided for clients in long - term care facilities is critical for the prevention of malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 quality
2 quality 3 of
2 quality 7 provided
2 quality 16 is
3 of 5 and
4 care 5 and
5 and 6 food
7 provided 8 for
7 provided 10 in
8 for 9 clients
10 in 15 facilities
11 long 12 -
11 long 13 term
13 term 15 facilities
14 care 15 facilities
16 is 17 critical
17 critical 18 for
18 for 20 prevention
19 the 20 prevention
20 prevention 21 of
21 of 22 malnutrition

design : cross - sectional survey and [in] - depth interviews . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 survey
4 - 7 and
4 - 12 .
5 sectional 6 survey
7 and 9 -
7 and 11 interviews
9 - 10 depth
10 depth 11 interviews

setting : nine residential aged care facilities and two geriatric/rehabilitation units in southeast queensland , australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 12 in
3 nine 7 facilities
4 residential 6 care
5 aged 6 care
6 care 7 facilities
7 facilities 8 and
8 and 11 units
9 two 11 units
10 geriatric/rehabilitation 11 units
12 in 14 queensland
13 southeast 14 queensland
15 , 16 australia

participants : a total of 103 geriatric/rehabilitation patients and 210 aged care residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 9 and
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 9 and
5 of 8 patients
6 103 8 patients
7 geriatric/rehabilitation 8 patients
9 and 13 residents
10 210 13 residents
11 aged 12 care
12 care 13 residents

the median age was 84 years , with 72.1 % females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
1 the 3 age
2 median 3 age
3 age 4 was
4 was 6 years
5 84 6 years
6 years 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 11 females
8 with 12 .
9 72.1 11 females
10 % 11 females

measurements : candidate satisfaction items were obtained from : [(] [i] [ )(secondary analysis of acute care foodservice satisfaction data ; ( ii ) focus groups with expert geriatrics/rehabilitation and aged care dietitians [;] ( iii ) pre - testing of instrument content , presentation format and response - scale ( n=40 ) [and] ( iv ) pilot testing of the instrument ( n=313 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 candidate
3 candidate 5 items
3 candidate 8 from
4 satisfaction 5 items
5 items 6 were
6 were 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 from
9 : 14 analysis
9 : 21 ;
13 )(secondary 14 analysis
14 analysis 15 of
15 of 20 data
16 acute 17 care
17 care 20 data
18 foodservice 20 data
19 satisfaction 20 data
21 ; 25 focus
21 ; 30 and
22 ( 23 ii
23 ii 24 )
23 ii 25 focus
25 focus 26 groups
25 focus 27 with
27 with 29 geriatrics/rehabilitation
28 expert 29 geriatrics/rehabilitation
30 and 33 dietitians
30 and 38 pre
31 aged 33 dietitians
32 care 33 dietitians
33 dietitians 36 iii
33 dietitians 38 pre
35 ( 36 iii
36 iii 37 )
38 pre 49 -
39 - 49 -
40 testing 41 of
40 testing 49 -
41 of 47 and
42 instrument 43 content
43 content 44 ,
44 , 46 format
44 , 47 and
45 presentation 46 format
47 and 48 response
49 - 50 scale
50 scale 52 n=40
50 scale 59 testing
51 ( 52 n=40
52 n=40 53 )
55 ( 59 testing
56 iv 57 )
56 iv 59 testing
58 pilot 59 testing
59 testing 60 of
59 testing 64 n=313
59 testing 66 .
60 of 62 instrument
61 the 62 instrument
63 ( 64 n=313
64 n=313 65 )

sixty - one items on foodservice attributes , an overall satisfaction question , and demographic/contextual information were tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sixty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 - 3 one
3 one 4 items
3 one 18 tested
4 items 5 on
4 items 18 tested
5 on 6 foodservice
6 foodservice 14 and
6 foodservice 17 were
7 attributes 8 ,
8 , 12 question
8 , 14 and
9 an 10 overall
9 an 12 question
10 overall 11 satisfaction
11 satisfaction 12 question
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 information
14 and 17 were
15 demographic/contextual 16 information

results : principal components factor analysis and velicer 's map test revealed foodservice satisfaction was represented by 18 items within four factors : meal quality and enjoyment ( α =0.91 ) , autonomy ( α =0.64 ) , staff consideration ( α =0.79 ) , hunger and food quantity ( α =0.67 ) and six independent items , totalling 24 foodservice characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
2 : 3 principal
2 : 7 and
3 principal 4 components
3 principal 5 factor
4 components 5 factor
5 factor 6 analysis
7 and 13 foodservice
7 and 23 :
8 velicer 9 's
9 's 13 foodservice
10 map 11 test
11 test 12 revealed
12 revealed 13 foodservice
13 foodservice 14 satisfaction
13 foodservice 15 was
13 foodservice 16 represented
13 foodservice 17 by
13 foodservice 23 :
14 satisfaction 15 was
17 by 19 items
18 18 19 items
19 items 20 within
20 within 22 factors
21 four 22 factors
23 : 54 and
24 meal 25 quality
25 quality 26 and
26 and 27 enjoyment
26 and 30 =0.91
26 and 33 autonomy
26 and 45 ,
28 ( 30 =0.91
29 α 30 =0.91
30 =0.91 31 )
32 , 33 autonomy
33 autonomy 36 =0.64
33 autonomy 40 consideration
33 autonomy 44 )
34 ( 36 =0.64
35 α 36 =0.64
36 =0.64 37 )
38 , 40 consideration
39 staff 40 consideration
40 consideration 43 =0.79
40 consideration 44 )
41 ( 43 =0.79
42 α 43 =0.79
43 =0.79 44 )
45 , 46 hunger
45 , 47 and
47 and 49 quantity
47 and 52 =0.67
47 and 54 and
48 food 49 quantity
50 ( 52 =0.67
51 α 52 =0.67
52 =0.67 53 )
54 and 57 items
54 and 58 ,
54 and 59 totalling
55 six 57 items
56 independent 57 items
59 totalling 62 characteristics
60 24 62 characteristics
61 foodservice 62 characteristics

this represented around 40 % of the variance in foodservice satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 represented
2 represented 5 %
2 represented 9 in
3 around 4 40
4 40 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 8 variance
7 the 8 variance
9 in 11 satisfaction
10 foodservice 11 satisfaction

when [a] further 13 foodservice items were retained due to practical importance , the analysis explained around 64 % of the variance in foodservice satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 when 6 items
1 when 8 retained
1 when 13 ,
1 when 15 analysis
3 further 6 items
4 13 6 items
5 foodservice 6 items
6 items 7 were
7 were 8 retained
8 retained 10 to
9 due 10 to
10 to 12 importance
11 practical 12 importance
14 the 15 analysis
15 analysis 16 explained
16 explained 19 %
16 explained 23 in
17 around 18 64
18 64 19 %
19 % 20 of
20 of 22 variance
21 the 22 variance
23 in 25 satisfaction
24 foodservice 25 satisfaction

conclusion : the resident foodservice satisfaction questionnaire is a novel measure of resident foodservice satisfaction and can be used to provide evidence for changes to food services that may improve or enhance resident satisfaction and assist in the prevention of a significant and modifiable cause of malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 questionnaire
2 : 16 and
2 : 48 .
3 the 7 questionnaire
4 resident 5 foodservice
5 foodservice 6 satisfaction
6 satisfaction 7 questionnaire
7 questionnaire 16 and
8 is 15 satisfaction
8 is 16 and
9 a 11 measure
10 novel 11 measure
11 measure 12 of
11 measure 15 satisfaction
12 of 15 satisfaction
13 resident 15 satisfaction
14 foodservice 15 satisfaction
16 and 17 can
16 and 27 services
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 used
19 used 20 to
19 used 21 provide
20 to 21 provide
21 provide 22 evidence
21 provide 25 to
22 evidence 23 for
23 for 24 changes
25 to 26 food
27 services 28 that
27 services 29 may
28 that 29 may
29 may 31 or
30 improve 31 or
31 or 35 and
31 or 37 in
32 enhance 34 satisfaction
32 enhance 35 and
33 resident 34 satisfaction
35 and 36 assist
37 in 39 prevention
38 the 39 prevention
39 prevention 40 of
39 prevention 46 of
40 of 45 cause
41 a 45 cause
42 significant 43 and
43 and 44 modifiable
43 and 45 cause
46 of 47 malnutrition

objective : functional abilities are severely impacted in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 abilities
2 : 7 impacted
2 : 15 .
3 functional 4 abilities
4 abilities 5 are
5 are 6 severely
5 are 7 impacted
7 impacted 8 in
8 in 11 disease
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 11 disease
11 disease 13 ad
12 ( 13 ad
13 ad 14 )

loss of the ability to perform complex ( instrumental [ )(and basic activities of daily living ( adl ) , leads to decreased independence and increased caregiver burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 loss 2 of
1 loss 25 and
2 of 4 ability
3 the 4 ability
4 ability 5 to
4 ability 6 perform
5 to 6 perform
6 perform 21 leads
7 complex 11 )(and
7 complex 20 ,
7 complex 21 leads
8 ( 11 )(and
9 instrumental 11 )(and
11 )(and 13 activities
11 )(and 19 )
12 basic 13 activities
13 activities 14 of
14 of 16 living
15 daily 16 living
16 living 18 adl
17 ( 18 adl
18 adl 19 )
21 leads 22 to
22 to 24 independence
23 decreased 24 independence
25 and 28 burden
26 increased 27 caregiver
27 caregiver 28 burden

this post - [hoc] analysis investigated the effect of memantine ( 20 mg/day ) on adls [,] as measured by alzheimer 's disease cooperative study - activities of daily living 19 - item ( adcs - adl19 [ )(and 23 [-] item ( adcs - adl23 ) scales , in patients with moderate - [to] - severe ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
1 this 2 post
3 - 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 investigated
6 investigated 8 effect
6 investigated 15 on
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 10 memantine
10 memantine 13 mg/day
11 ( 13 mg/day
12 20 13 mg/day
13 mg/day 14 )
15 on 16 adls
16 adls 19 measured
18 as 19 measured
19 measured 20 by
20 by 25 study
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 25 study
23 disease 24 cooperative
24 cooperative 25 study
25 study 32 -
26 - 32 -
27 activities 28 of
27 activities 32 -
28 of 30 living
29 daily 30 living
30 living 31 19
32 - 33 item
33 item 36 -
34 ( 36 -
35 adcs 36 -
36 - 39 )(and
37 adl19 39 )(and
39 )(and 42 item
39 )(and 48 scales
40 23 42 item
43 ( 48 scales
44 adcs 46 adl23
44 adcs 48 scales
45 - 46 adl23
46 adl23 47 )
48 scales 50 in
48 scales 58 ad
48 scales 59 .
49 , 50 in
50 in 51 patients
50 in 54 -
51 patients 52 with
52 with 53 moderate
56 - 58 ad
57 severe 58 ad
58 ad 59 .

design : data were pooled from six multicenter , randomized , placebo - controlled , double - blind , 6 - month studies of memantine 20 mg / [day] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 9 ,
2 : 11 ,
2 : 17 -
3 data 9 ,
4 were 5 pooled
4 were 9 ,
5 pooled 6 from
5 pooled 8 multicenter
6 from 7 six
9 , 10 randomized
11 , 12 placebo
11 , 13 -
13 - 15 ,
14 controlled 15 ,
15 , 16 double
17 - 23 studies
18 blind 20 6
18 blind 21 -
18 blind 23 studies
19 , 20 6
20 6 21 -
22 month 23 studies
23 studies 24 of
24 of 28 /
25 memantine 28 /
26 20 27 mg
27 mg 28 /

participants : male and female patients aged ≥ 50 years at baseline with a mini mental state examination ( mmse ) score < 20 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 male
4 and 6 patients
4 and 8 ≥
5 female 6 patients
6 patients 7 aged
6 patients 8 ≥
8 ≥ 10 years
8 ≥ 13 with
9 50 10 years
10 years 11 at
11 at 12 baseline
13 with 22 score
13 with 24 20
14 a 22 score
15 mini 16 mental
16 mental 17 state
17 state 18 examination
18 examination 20 mmse
19 ( 20 mmse
20 mmse 21 )
20 mmse 22 score
23 < 24 20

measurements : adcs - adl19 and adcs - adl23 scales were pooled , and 14 shared items , with a score range of 0 - 45 , were identified and included in the analysis ( adl14 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 adcs
3 adcs 7 adcs
4 - 7 adcs
5 adl19 6 and
6 and 7 adcs
7 adcs 8 -
8 - 10 scales
8 - 14 and
8 - 38 .
9 adl23 10 scales
10 scales 14 and
11 were 12 pooled
11 were 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 30 and
14 and 32 in
15 14 17 items
16 shared 17 items
17 items 19 with
17 items 28 were
18 , 19 with
19 with 22 range
19 with 27 ,
20 a 22 range
21 score 22 range
22 range 23 of
23 of 25 -
24 0 25 -
25 - 26 45
28 were 30 and
29 identified 30 and
30 and 31 included
32 in 34 analysis
33 the 34 analysis
34 analysis 36 adl14
35 ( 36 adl14
36 adl14 37 )

basic adls ( badls ) were defined as [:] eating , walking , toileting , bathing , and grooming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 basic 2 adls
2 adls 4 badls
2 adls 6 were
3 ( 4 badls
4 badls 5 )
6 were 7 defined
7 defined 8 as
8 as 11 ,
10 eating 11 ,
11 , 12 walking
13 , 18 and
14 toileting 15 ,
15 , 16 bathing
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 grooming

instrumental adls ( iadls ) were defined [as] : using a telephone , watching television , conversing , clearing a table , finding belongings , obtaining a beverage , disposing of household rubbish , travelling outside the house , and being left alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 instrumental
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 instrumental 6 were
2 adls 4 iadls
2 adls 6 were
3 ( 4 iadls
4 iadls 5 )
6 were 7 defined
9 : 23 finding
9 : 42 left
10 using 12 telephone
10 using 22 ,
10 using 23 finding
11 a 12 telephone
12 telephone 14 watching
13 , 14 watching
14 watching 15 television
14 watching 22 ,
15 television 17 conversing
16 , 17 conversing
17 conversing 19 clearing
17 conversing 22 ,
18 , 19 clearing
19 clearing 21 table
19 clearing 22 ,
20 a 21 table
23 finding 24 belongings
23 finding 30 disposing
23 finding 35 travelling
23 finding 42 left
24 belongings 26 obtaining
25 , 26 obtaining
26 obtaining 28 beverage
26 obtaining 29 ,
27 a 28 beverage
29 , 30 disposing
30 disposing 31 of
30 disposing 34 ,
31 of 33 rubbish
32 household 33 rubbish
35 travelling 36 outside
36 outside 40 and
37 the 38 house
38 house 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 being
42 left 43 alone

changes from baseline on single - item , badl [(] range : 0 - 15 ) , iadl ( range : 0 - 30 ) , and total adl14 scores were analysed for observed cases using ancova , with study , center and treatment as categorical explanatory variables and score at baseline as a covariate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 changes 2 from
1 changes 4 on
1 changes 11 range
2 from 3 baseline
4 on 9 badl
5 single 7 item
5 single 8 ,
5 single 9 badl
6 - 7 item
7 item 8 ,
12 : 13 0
12 : 21 :
13 0 15 15
13 0 18 iadl
14 - 15 15
15 15 16 )
17 , 18 iadl
18 iadl 20 range
18 iadl 21 :
19 ( 20 range
20 range 21 :
21 : 22 0
21 : 26 ,
22 0 24 30
23 - 24 30
24 30 25 )
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 total
27 and 34 observed
28 total 30 scores
28 total 33 for
28 total 34 observed
29 adl14 30 scores
30 scores 31 were
31 were 32 analysed
32 analysed 33 for
34 observed 35 cases
34 observed 36 using
36 using 37 ancova
37 ancova 39 with
37 ancova 49 and
38 , 39 with
39 with 40 study
39 with 41 ,
41 , 49 and
42 center 43 and
43 and 44 treatment
43 and 45 as
43 and 49 and
45 as 48 variables
46 categorical 48 variables
47 explanatory 48 variables
49 and 50 score
49 and 51 at
49 and 53 as
49 and 56 .
51 at 52 baseline
53 as 55 covariate
54 a 55 covariate

results : 959 patients were treated with memantine and 867 patients received placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 6 treated
2 : 14 .
3 959 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 treated
6 treated 7 with
7 with 9 and
8 memantine 9 and
9 and 13 placebo
10 867 12 received
11 patients 12 received
12 received 13 placebo

memantine - treated patients had less decline from baseline on the adl14 total score [,] compared [with] placebo ( p < 0.001 ) at study [end] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 memantine 2 -
1 memantine 4 patients
3 treated 4 patients
4 patients 5 had
5 had 6 less
5 had 7 decline
7 decline 8 from
8 from 9 baseline
9 baseline 10 on
9 baseline 24 at
10 on 18 placebo
11 the 18 placebo
12 adl14 16 compared
13 total 16 compared
14 score 16 compared
16 compared 18 placebo
18 placebo 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.001
21 < 23 )
24 at 25 study

memantine also showed lower reductions in badls ( p < 0.05 ) and iadls ( p < 0.001 ) , for observed cases , compared [with] placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 memantine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 memantine 3 showed
2 also 3 showed
3 showed 5 reductions
3 showed 13 and
4 lower 5 reductions
5 reductions 6 in
6 in 7 badls
7 badls 10 <
8 ( 10 <
9 p 10 <
10 < 11 0.05
10 < 12 )
13 and 14 iadls
14 iadls 17 <
14 iadls 21 for
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
17 < 19 )
20 , 21 for
21 for 23 cases
21 for 24 ,
22 observed 23 cases
24 , 27 placebo
25 compared 27 placebo

memantine - treated patients showed less worsening than placebo recipients for the adl items : toileting ( p < 0.01 ) , grooming ( p < 0.01 ) , finding belongings ( p < 0.01 ) , [and] travelling outside the house ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 memantine 2 -
1 memantine 4 patients
3 treated 4 patients
4 patients 5 showed
5 showed 7 worsening
5 showed 8 than
6 less 7 worsening
8 than 10 recipients
8 than 11 for
9 placebo 10 recipients
11 for 14 items
12 the 14 items
13 adl 14 items
15 : 16 toileting
16 toileting 19 <
16 toileting 23 grooming
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.01
19 < 21 )
22 , 23 grooming
23 grooming 26 <
23 grooming 30 finding
23 grooming 39 travelling
23 grooming 40 outside
23 grooming 47 )
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.01
26 < 28 )
29 , 30 finding
30 finding 31 belongings
30 finding 37 ,
31 belongings 34 <
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.01
34 < 36 )
40 outside 42 house
41 the 42 house
42 house 45 <
43 ( 45 <
44 p 45 <
45 < 46 0.05
45 < 47 )

conclusion : compared with placebo , memantine shows benefits for both basic and instrumental adls in patients with moderate - to [-] severe ad , suggesting that memantine treatment may lead to a [more] interactive and dignified life for patients with moderate - to [-] severe ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shows
2 : 7 memantine
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 6 ,
3 compared 7 memantine
4 with 5 placebo
7 memantine 8 shows
8 shows 9 benefits
8 shows 15 adls
8 shows 16 in
8 shows 18 with
9 benefits 10 for
10 for 11 both
12 basic 13 and
13 and 14 instrumental
13 and 15 adls
16 in 17 patients
18 with 19 moderate
18 with 26 suggesting
19 moderate 21 to
20 - 21 to
21 to 24 ad
21 to 25 ,
23 severe 24 ad
26 suggesting 28 memantine
26 suggesting 32 to
27 that 28 memantine
28 memantine 29 treatment
28 memantine 31 lead
29 treatment 30 may
30 may 31 lead
32 to 38 life
33 a 38 life
35 interactive 36 and
36 and 37 dignified
36 and 38 life
38 life 39 for
38 life 41 with
39 for 40 patients
41 with 42 moderate
42 moderate 44 to
43 - 44 to
44 to 47 ad
44 to 48 .
46 severe 47 ad

objective : we investigated the effects of six months vitamin e administration on cognition evaluated by event [-] related potentials in exercising older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 investigated
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effects
4 investigated 13 on
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 12 administration
8 six 9 months
9 months 12 administration
10 vitamin 11 e
10 vitamin 12 administration
13 on 14 cognition
14 cognition 15 evaluated
14 cognition 16 by
16 by 20 potentials
17 event 19 related
19 related 20 potentials
20 potentials 21 in
21 in 22 exercising
22 exercising 24 subjects
23 older 24 subjects

design : randomised controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 trial
2 : 6 .
3 randomised 5 trial
4 controlled 5 trial

setting : retirement home in antalya , turkey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 4 home
3 retirement 4 home
4 home 5 in
5 in 6 antalya
7 , 8 turkey

participants : fifty - seven adults aged 60 - 85 years were randomly assigned to one of four groups : sedentary control [(] c [ )(, vitamin e ( v ) , exercise training [(] e [ )(and vitamin e under training [(] [ev] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 6 adults
3 fifty 4 -
4 - 5 seven
4 - 6 adults
6 adults 7 aged
6 adults 11 years
6 adults 14 assigned
8 60 9 -
9 - 10 85
9 - 11 years
11 years 12 were
12 were 13 randomly
12 were 14 assigned
14 assigned 15 to
15 to 16 one
16 one 17 of
17 of 19 groups
18 four 19 groups
20 : 22 control
21 sedentary 22 control
22 control 24 c
22 control 27 vitamin
22 control 38 )(and
26 )(, 27 vitamin
27 vitamin 28 e
27 vitamin 30 v
27 vitamin 31 )
29 ( 30 v
30 v 31 )
32 , 38 )(and
33 exercise 34 training
34 training 36 e
34 training 38 )(and
38 )(and 39 vitamin
38 )(and 41 under
38 )(and 45 )
39 vitamin 40 e
41 under 42 training

intervention : v and ev groups were received vitamin e at a dose of 900 iu/day [p.o] [.] for 6 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 were
2 : 22 .
3 v 4 and
4 and 6 groups
4 and 7 were
5 ev 6 groups
7 were 9 vitamin
8 received 9 vitamin
9 vitamin 10 e
9 vitamin 11 at
11 at 13 dose
12 a 13 dose
13 dose 14 of
14 of 16 iu/day
15 900 16 iu/day
16 iu/day 19 for
19 for 21 months
20 6 21 months

trained groups were subjected to walking exercise involved 3 sessions per week for 6 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 trained 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 4 subjected
4 subjected 5 to
5 to 6 walking
6 walking 10 sessions
7 exercise 8 involved
8 involved 10 sessions
9 3 10 sessions
10 sessions 11 per
10 sessions 13 for
11 per 12 week
13 for 15 months
14 6 15 months

[walking] duration was gradually increased during 8 weeks , and stayed constant until the end of training period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 duration 10 and
3 was 5 increased
3 was 10 and
4 gradually 5 increased
5 increased 6 during
6 during 8 weeks
7 8 8 weeks
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 stayed
11 stayed 12 constant
12 constant 13 until
13 until 15 end
14 the 15 end
15 end 16 of
16 of 17 training
17 training 18 period

participants were begun [walking] at % 70 heart rate reserve for 20 min/day at the first two weeks , and [walking] duration was increased by 5 minutes/day of each week until subjects were [reached] a level of 50 min/day by [week] 8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 begun
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 begun
3 begun 5 at
3 begun 11 for
5 at 10 reserve
6 % 8 heart
7 70 8 heart
8 heart 10 reserve
9 rate 10 reserve
11 for 13 min/day
12 20 13 min/day
13 min/day 14 at
14 at 18 weeks
15 the 16 first
15 the 17 two
17 two 18 weeks
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 duration
20 and 24 increased
22 duration 23 was
23 was 24 increased
24 increased 25 by
24 increased 31 until
24 increased 40 by
25 by 27 minutes/day
26 5 27 minutes/day
27 minutes/day 28 of
28 of 30 week
29 each 30 week
31 until 32 subjects
31 until 33 were
32 subjects 33 were
33 were 36 level
35 a 36 level
36 level 37 of
37 of 39 min/day
38 50 39 min/day
40 by 42 8

measurements : plasma vitamin e concentration , total antioxidant capacity and two parameters [of] event - related potentials namely p3 latency and amplitude were performed on all study groups both before and after training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 6 concentration
2 : 7 ,
2 : 17 related
3 plasma 6 concentration
4 vitamin 5 e
4 vitamin 6 concentration
7 , 15 event
8 total 10 capacity
9 antioxidant 10 capacity
10 capacity 11 and
11 and 13 parameters
11 and 15 event
12 two 13 parameters
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 potentials
17 related 19 namely
19 namely 22 and
20 p3 22 and
21 latency 22 and
22 and 23 amplitude
22 and 24 were
24 were 25 performed
25 performed 26 on
26 on 27 all
27 all 28 study
27 all 34 training
28 study 29 groups
29 groups 30 both
29 groups 32 and
31 before 32 and
32 and 33 after
33 after 34 training

results : significant improvement in p3 latency was found in exercising groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 improvement
2 : 5 in
3 significant 4 improvement
5 in 6 p3
6 p3 7 latency
6 p3 9 found
7 latency 8 was
8 was 9 found
9 found 10 in
10 in 11 exercising
11 exercising 12 groups

however , no significant differences were found between [vitamin] [and] other groups for p3 latency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 differences
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 between
8 between 12 groups
11 other 12 groups
12 groups 13 for
13 for 15 latency
14 p3 15 latency

amplitude measurements were found unaltered among all groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 amplitude 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 unaltered
5 unaltered 6 among
6 among 8 groups
7 all 8 groups

conclusion : we concluded [that] although six months training results improvement in p3 latency , vitamin e supplementation does not affect cognitive function evaluated [by] event [-] related potentials in older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 concluded
2 : 15 ,
2 : 33 .
3 we 4 concluded
4 concluded 6 although
4 concluded 11 improvement
4 concluded 12 in
6 although 9 training
6 although 10 results
7 six 8 months
8 months 9 training
9 training 10 results
12 in 14 latency
13 p3 14 latency
15 , 18 supplementation
15 , 21 affect
16 vitamin 17 e
16 vitamin 18 supplementation
18 supplementation 19 does
19 does 20 not
19 does 21 affect
21 affect 29 potentials
22 cognitive 23 function
23 function 24 evaluated
24 evaluated 29 potentials
26 event 28 related
28 related 29 potentials
29 potentials 30 in
30 in 32 subjects
31 older 32 subjects

objectives : senescence of the immune system [and] of endothelial cells can contribute to age - dependent vascular and neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 senescence
2 : 15 age
2 : 16 -
3 senescence 4 of
3 senescence 9 of
3 senescence 12 can
4 of 7 system
5 the 7 system
6 immune 7 system
9 of 11 cells
10 endothelial 11 cells
12 can 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
14 to 15 age
16 - 21 disorders
17 dependent 21 disorders
18 vascular 19 and
19 and 20 neurodegenerative
19 and 21 disorders
21 disorders 22 including
22 including 25 disease
23 alzheimer 24 's
24 's 25 disease

the aim of this study is an assessment of putative relationships of serum levels of transforming growth factor beta ( tgfβ ) and soluble endoglin ( scd105 ) and neurodegeneration , and [of] changes of these molecules in the course of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 32 and
6 is 38 in
7 an 8 assessment
8 assessment 9 of
8 assessment 12 of
8 assessment 15 of
8 assessment 23 and
9 of 11 relationships
10 putative 11 relationships
12 of 14 levels
13 serum 14 levels
15 of 16 transforming
16 transforming 19 beta
17 growth 19 beta
18 factor 19 beta
19 beta 21 tgfβ
20 ( 21 tgfβ
21 tgfβ 22 )
23 and 25 endoglin
23 and 27 scd105
23 and 29 and
24 soluble 25 endoglin
26 ( 27 scd105
27 scd105 28 )
29 and 30 neurodegeneration
29 and 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 changes
32 and 35 of
35 of 37 molecules
36 these 37 molecules
38 in 40 course
39 the 40 course
40 course 41 of
41 of 42 ageing

design : the subjects of the study consisted of three groups , the first one was 63 otherwise healthy middle [-] aged participants , 31 females , 32 males , of average age 35 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 8 consisted
2 : 12 ,
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 of
4 subjects 8 consisted
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 consisted 9 of
9 of 11 groups
10 three 11 groups
12 , 15 one
12 , 16 was
13 the 15 one
14 first 15 one
15 one 16 was
16 was 23 participants
17 63 23 participants
18 otherwise 19 healthy
19 healthy 23 participants
20 middle 22 aged
22 aged 23 participants
23 participants 26 females
23 participants 29 males
24 , 26 females
25 31 26 females
26 females 27 ,
27 , 29 males
28 32 29 males
29 males 31 of
29 males 36 .
30 , 31 of
31 of 35 years
31 of 36 .
32 average 35 years
33 age 35 years
34 35 35 years

the second group was formed by 58 healthy , self - dependent inhabitants of nursing homes , 44 females and 14 males , average age 83.5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 formed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 the 2 second
1 the 3 group
3 group 4 was
4 was 5 formed
5 formed 6 by
5 formed 8 healthy
6 by 7 58
9 , 10 self
9 , 11 -
11 - 20 and
11 - 23 ,
11 - 28 .
12 dependent 13 inhabitants
13 inhabitants 14 of
13 inhabitants 17 ,
14 of 15 nursing
15 nursing 16 homes
17 , 19 females
17 , 20 and
18 44 19 females
20 and 22 males
21 14 22 males
23 , 24 average
24 average 27 years
25 age 27 years
26 83.5 27 years

the third group comprised of 129 alzheimer 's disease patients , 86 females , 43 males , of average age 80 years , with mmse score that ranged from 16 to 20 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 third
1 the 3 group
3 group 4 comprised
3 group 5 of
3 group 8 's
5 of 7 alzheimer
6 129 7 alzheimer
8 's 10 patients
9 disease 10 patients
10 patients 13 females
10 patients 16 males
10 patients 18 of
11 , 13 females
12 86 13 females
13 females 14 ,
14 , 16 males
15 43 16 males
16 males 17 ,
17 , 18 of
18 of 22 years
18 of 23 ,
19 average 20 age
20 age 22 years
21 80 22 years
23 , 26 score
24 with 25 mmse
24 with 26 score
26 score 27 that
26 score 31 to
27 that 28 ranged
29 from 31 to
30 16 31 to
31 to 32 20

measurement : serum levels of tgf beta and soluble endoglin were measured by the elisa method in samples of peripheral blood using commercial kits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 measurement 2 :
2 : 4 levels
3 serum 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
5 of 7 beta
6 tgf 7 beta
8 and 10 endoglin
8 and 11 were
9 soluble 10 endoglin
10 endoglin 11 were
11 were 12 measured
12 measured 13 by
12 measured 17 in
13 by 16 method
14 the 16 method
15 elisa 16 method
17 in 18 samples
18 samples 19 of
19 of 21 blood
20 peripheral 21 blood
21 blood 22 using
22 using 24 kits
23 commercial 24 kits

results : the serum level of tgfβ was [34,339] ± 6,420 pg/ml in the healthy younger group , 37,555 ± 11,944 pg/ml in the healthy seniors , and 29,057 ± 11,455 pg/ml in alzheimer 's disease patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 5 level
2 : 10 ±
2 : 18 ,
3 the 5 level
4 serum 5 level
5 level 6 of
5 level 8 was
6 of 7 tgfβ
8 was 10 ±
10 ± 12 pg/ml
10 ± 13 in
11 6,420 12 pg/ml
13 in 17 group
14 the 17 group
15 healthy 17 group
16 younger 17 group
18 , 19 37,555
18 , 20 ±
18 , 28 and
19 37,555 20 ±
20 ± 22 pg/ml
21 11,944 22 pg/ml
22 pg/ml 23 in
23 in 26 seniors
24 the 26 seniors
25 healthy 26 seniors
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 29,057
28 and 30 ±
29 29,057 30 ±
30 ± 32 pg/ml
30 ± 33 in
31 11,455 32 pg/ml
33 in 37 patients
34 alzheimer 35 's
35 's 37 patients
36 disease 37 patients

compared to healthy seniors , the serum level of tgfβ was significantly decreased in alzheimer 's disease patients ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 8 level
2 to 4 seniors
3 healthy 4 seniors
6 the 8 level
7 serum 8 level
8 level 9 of
8 level 11 was
9 of 10 tgfβ
11 was 13 decreased
12 significantly 13 decreased
13 decreased 14 in
14 in 18 patients
15 alzheimer 16 's
16 's 18 patients
17 disease 18 patients
18 patients 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.01
21 < 23 )

the serum level of endoglin were 4.88 ± 0.95 μg / [ml] in the healthy younger group ; 6.11 ± 1.38 μg / [ml] in healthy seniors , and 7.20 ± 1.72 μg / [ml] in patients with alzheimer 's disease , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 level
2 serum 3 level
3 level 4 of
3 level 6 were
4 of 5 endoglin
6 were 11 /
7 4.88 11 /
8 ± 11 /
9 0.95 10 μg
10 μg 11 /
11 / 13 in
13 in 17 group
14 the 17 group
15 healthy 17 group
16 younger 17 group
18 ; 19 6.11
18 ; 20 ±
19 6.11 20 ±
20 ± 23 /
20 ± 43 respectively
21 1.38 22 μg
22 μg 23 /
23 / 25 in
25 in 29 and
26 healthy 27 seniors
27 seniors 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 34 /
29 and 42 ,
30 7.20 31 ±
31 ± 34 /
32 1.72 33 μg
33 μg 34 /
34 / 36 in
36 in 37 patients
37 patients 38 with
38 with 41 disease
39 alzheimer 40 's
40 's 41 disease

the serum level of endoglin was significantly higher ( p < 0.001 ) in senescent healthy persons compared to the younger control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 level
2 serum 3 level
3 level 4 of
3 level 6 was
4 of 5 endoglin
6 was 7 significantly
6 was 8 higher
8 higher 11 <
8 higher 14 in
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 12 0.001
11 < 13 )
14 in 17 persons
15 senescent 17 persons
16 healthy 17 persons
17 persons 18 compared
18 compared 19 to
19 to 23 group
20 the 23 group
21 younger 22 control
22 control 23 group

when compared with healthy seniors , patients with alzheimer 's disease had significantly elevated ( p < 0.001 ) serum level of endoglin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 when 2 compared
1 when 6 ,
1 when 7 patients
2 compared 3 with
3 with 5 seniors
4 healthy 5 seniors
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 12 had
8 with 11 disease
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 11 disease
12 had 14 elevated
13 significantly 14 elevated
14 elevated 17 <
14 elevated 21 level
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.001
17 < 19 )
20 serum 21 level
21 level 22 of
22 of 23 endoglin

conclusions : decreased levels of tgf β in alzheimer 's disease may result in impairment of cerebral circulation reflected in the increased endoglin levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 levels
2 : 13 result
2 : 25 .
3 decreased 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 12 may
5 of 6 tgf
6 tgf 7 β
7 β 8 in
8 in 11 disease
9 alzheimer 10 's
10 's 11 disease
12 may 13 result
13 result 14 in
14 in 15 impairment
15 impairment 16 of
15 impairment 19 reflected
15 impairment 20 in
16 of 18 circulation
17 cerebral 18 circulation
20 in 24 levels
21 the 24 levels
22 increased 24 levels
23 endoglin 24 levels

these findings may indicate involvement of the immune system in alzheimer 's disease pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 indicate
4 indicate 5 involvement
4 indicate 10 in
5 involvement 6 of
6 of 9 system
7 the 9 system
8 immune 9 system
10 in 14 pathogenesis
11 alzheimer 12 's
12 's 14 pathogenesis
13 disease 14 pathogenesis

objective : aging is associated with cognitive changing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 aging
2 : 5 associated
2 : 9 .
3 aging 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 changing
7 cognitive 8 changing

central auditory processing dysfunction may explain some understanding difficulties [in] [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 central 4 dysfunction
2 auditory 4 dysfunction
3 processing 4 dysfunction
4 dysfunction 5 may
5 may 6 explain
6 explain 9 difficulties
7 some 9 difficulties
8 understanding 9 difficulties

it may be evaluated with the dichotic [listening] ( dl ) test , a widely [-] used experimental paradigm for studying [inter] - hemispheric interactions and attentional processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 with
5 with 12 test
6 the 12 test
7 dichotic 10 dl
7 dichotic 11 )
7 dichotic 12 test
9 ( 10 dl
10 dl 11 )
12 test 19 paradigm
13 , 19 paradigm
14 a 19 paradigm
15 widely 17 used
17 used 19 paradigm
18 experimental 19 paradigm
19 paradigm 20 for
19 paradigm 23 -
20 for 21 studying
23 - 26 and
24 hemispheric 25 interactions
25 interactions 26 and
26 and 28 processes
27 attentional 28 processes

this study examines central auditory language processing with a dichotic listening task in right - handed old subjects according to their age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 7 processing
3 examines 8 with
3 examines 13 in
3 examines 16 handed
4 central 6 language
5 auditory 6 language
6 language 7 processing
8 with 12 task
9 a 10 dichotic
9 a 12 task
10 dichotic 12 task
11 listening 12 task
13 in 14 right
15 - 16 handed
16 handed 18 subjects
16 handed 20 to
16 handed 23 .
17 old 18 subjects
19 according 20 to
20 to 22 age
21 their 22 age

design : cross sectional - study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
3 cross 6 study
4 sectional 5 -
4 sectional 6 study

setting : memory [clinic] and geriatric unit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 8 .
3 memory 5 and
5 and 7 unit
6 geriatric 7 unit

participants : adult [group] ( ad ) [consisted] in 26 subjects ( 21 women and 5 men ) aged 50 - 69 years and an old adults group ( old - ad ) [consisted] in 20 subjects ( 19 women and 1 man ) aged 70 to 89 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 adult
2 : 9 in
3 adult 6 ad
5 ( 6 ad
6 ad 7 )
9 in 11 subjects
10 26 11 subjects
11 subjects 21 -
12 ( 21 -
13 21 14 women
14 women 15 and
15 and 17 men
15 and 18 )
15 and 19 aged
15 and 21 -
16 5 17 men
19 aged 20 50
21 - 24 and
22 69 23 years
23 years 24 and
24 and 26 old
24 and 27 adults
24 and 28 group
25 an 26 old
27 adults 28 group
28 group 31 -
28 group 35 in
29 ( 31 -
30 old 31 -
31 - 32 ad
31 - 33 )
35 in 37 subjects
36 20 37 subjects
37 subjects 41 and
38 ( 41 and
39 19 40 women
40 women 41 and
41 and 43 man
41 and 44 )
41 and 45 aged
41 and 47 to
41 and 50 .
42 1 43 man
45 aged 46 70
47 to 49 years
48 89 49 years

measurements : dl [consisted] in a free - recall word task and a digit forced - attention task [(] forced - right [:] fr and forced - left [:] [fl] [ )(in order to study central auditory language processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 dl
2 : 5 in
5 in 11 task
6 a 7 free
6 a 11 task
7 free 8 -
7 free 9 recall
9 recall 11 task
10 word 11 task
12 and 14 digit
13 a 14 digit
14 digit 25 and
15 forced 21 -
15 forced 24 fr
15 forced 25 and
16 - 21 -
17 attention 18 task
17 attention 20 forced
17 attention 21 -
18 task 20 forced
21 - 22 right
25 and 26 forced
25 and 28 left
27 - 28 left
28 left 32 )(in
28 left 34 to
28 left 40 .
32 )(in 33 order
34 to 39 processing
35 study 39 processing
36 central 38 language
37 auditory 38 language
38 language 39 processing

in addition , we used neuropsychological tests to study executive functions and cognitive control , sustained by the prefrontal cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 15 ,
5 used 7 tests
5 used 8 to
5 used 9 study
5 used 15 ,
6 neuropsychological 7 tests
8 to 9 study
9 study 12 and
10 executive 11 functions
11 functions 12 and
12 and 14 control
13 cognitive 14 control
15 , 16 sustained
15 , 17 by
17 by 20 cortex
18 the 20 cortex
19 prefrontal 20 cortex

results : in the free recall condition , we confirmed the classic right ear advantage ( rea ) in both groups , particularly in older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 condition
4 the 7 condition
5 free 6 recall
6 recall 7 condition
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 confirmed
9 we 10 confirmed
10 confirmed 15 advantage
10 confirmed 19 in
10 confirmed 24 in
11 the 15 advantage
12 classic 13 right
13 right 15 advantage
14 ear 15 advantage
15 advantage 17 rea
16 ( 17 rea
17 rea 18 )
19 in 21 groups
20 both 21 groups
22 , 23 particularly
22 , 24 in
24 in 26 subjects
24 in 27 .
25 older 26 subjects

in the forced condition , we observed an ear advantage with a change in ear asymmetry as a consequence of instruction : rea in fr and a left - ear advantage ( lea ) in fl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 :
1 in 4 condition
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 condition
3 forced 4 condition
6 we 7 observed
7 observed 10 advantage
7 observed 11 with
7 observed 14 in
8 an 10 advantage
9 ear 10 advantage
11 with 13 change
12 a 13 change
14 in 16 asymmetry
15 ear 16 asymmetry
16 asymmetry 17 as
16 asymmetry 20 of
17 as 19 consequence
18 a 19 consequence
20 of 21 instruction
22 : 23 rea
22 : 29 -
23 rea 24 in
24 in 26 and
25 fr 26 and
26 and 28 left
27 a 28 left
29 - 30 ear
29 - 37 .
30 ear 31 advantage
30 ear 35 in
31 advantage 33 lea
32 ( 33 lea
33 lea 34 )
35 in 36 fl

we compared contaminations by the contra - lateral inattentive ear : reports of the left ear ( le ) in the fr condition and reports of the right ear ( re ) in the fl condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 3 contaminations
3 contaminations 4 by
4 by 10 ear
5 the 10 ear
6 contra 7 -
6 contra 10 ear
8 lateral 10 ear
9 inattentive 10 ear
11 : 12 reports
12 reports 13 of
12 reports 20 in
13 of 16 ear
14 the 16 ear
15 left 16 ear
16 ear 18 le
17 ( 18 le
18 le 19 )
20 in 24 and
21 the 23 condition
22 fr 23 condition
23 condition 24 and
24 and 25 reports
24 and 26 of
24 and 33 in
26 of 29 ear
27 the 29 ear
28 right 29 ear
29 ear 31 re
30 ( 31 re
31 re 32 )
33 in 36 condition
34 the 36 condition
35 fl 36 condition

contaminations by the re in the fl condition were more pronounced in [old] [-] ad suggesting difficulties in competition between the natural tendency for the re and the instruction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 contaminations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 pronounced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 contaminations 2 by
1 contaminations 9 were
2 by 4 re
3 the 4 re
4 re 5 in
5 in 8 condition
6 the 8 condition
7 fl 8 condition
9 were 10 more
9 were 11 pronounced
11 pronounced 12 in
11 pronounced 18 in
12 in 15 ad
15 ad 16 suggesting
16 suggesting 17 difficulties
18 in 27 and
19 competition 20 between
19 competition 27 and
20 between 23 tendency
21 the 23 tendency
22 natural 23 tendency
23 tendency 24 for
24 for 26 re
25 the 26 re
27 and 29 instruction
28 the 29 instruction

in the [old] [-] ad group , the correlation between the re score in fl and tmt b - a/a suggests [an] impairment in mental flexibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 a/a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 16 and
1 in 19 -
1 in 20 a/a
2 the 6 group
5 ad 6 group
6 group 7 ,
7 , 9 correlation
7 , 16 and
8 the 9 correlation
9 correlation 10 between
9 correlation 14 in
10 between 13 score
11 the 13 score
12 re 13 score
14 in 15 fl
16 and 17 tmt
17 tmt 18 b
20 a/a 21 suggests
21 suggests 23 impairment
23 impairment 24 in
24 in 26 flexibility
25 mental 26 flexibility

conclusion : dl may be helpful to study central auditory dysfunction in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 dl
2 : 5 be
2 : 14 .
3 dl 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 helpful
6 helpful 7 to
6 helpful 8 study
7 to 8 study
8 study 11 dysfunction
8 study 12 in
9 central 11 dysfunction
10 auditory 11 dysfunction
12 in 13 aging

our results suggest difficulties in attentional control and executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 difficulties
3 suggest 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 attentional 7 control
7 control 8 and
8 and 10 functions
9 executive 10 functions

central auditory dysfunction should be evaluated [in] [elderly] because it potentially contributes to difficulty of hearing in noisy environment [with] consequences in the rehabilitation of presbyacousic subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 central 3 dysfunction
2 auditory 3 dysfunction
3 dysfunction 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 9 because
6 evaluated 13 to
9 because 10 it
9 because 12 contributes
10 it 12 contributes
11 potentially 12 contributes
13 to 14 difficulty
14 difficulty 15 of
15 of 16 hearing
16 hearing 17 in
17 in 21 consequences
18 noisy 19 environment
19 environment 21 consequences
21 consequences 22 in
21 consequences 25 of
22 in 24 rehabilitation
23 the 24 rehabilitation
25 of 27 subjects
26 presbyacousic 27 subjects

more studies are needed to investigate the predictive value of dl as a marker of cognitive [decline] , particularly executive functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 more 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 9 value
6 investigate 12 as
7 the 9 value
8 predictive 9 value
9 value 10 of
10 of 11 dl
12 as 14 marker
13 a 14 marker
14 marker 15 of
15 of 21 functions
16 cognitive 18 ,
16 cognitive 21 functions
19 particularly 20 executive
20 executive 21 functions

none objective : to identify [which] equation , siri or brozek , based on the two compartment model , provides a more accurate conversion of body density ( bd ) in percent body fat ( %bf ) in a group of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 5 identify
1 none 20 provides
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 identify
4 to 5 identify
5 identify 10 or
5 identify 13 based
7 equation 8 ,
8 , 9 siri
8 , 10 or
10 or 11 brozek
12 , 13 based
13 based 14 on
13 based 19 ,
14 on 18 model
15 the 18 model
16 two 18 model
17 compartment 18 model
20 provides 24 conversion
20 provides 38 in
21 a 24 conversion
22 more 23 accurate
23 accurate 24 conversion
24 conversion 25 of
24 conversion 31 in
24 conversion 36 %bf
25 of 27 density
26 body 27 density
27 density 29 bd
28 ( 29 bd
29 bd 30 )
31 in 34 fat
32 percent 33 body
33 body 34 fat
35 ( 36 %bf
36 %bf 37 )
38 in 43 adults
39 a 40 group
40 group 41 of
40 group 43 adults
41 of 43 adults
42 older 43 adults

study design : cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 4 cross
5 - 7 study
6 sectional 7 study

setting : research centre in physical activity , health and leisure , faculty of sport , university of porto . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 17 university
3 research 4 centre
4 centre 5 in
4 centre 17 university
5 in 7 activity
6 physical 7 activity
7 activity 10 and
7 activity 13 faculty
8 , 10 and
9 health 10 and
10 and 11 leisure
10 and 12 ,
12 , 13 faculty
13 faculty 14 of
13 faculty 16 ,
14 of 15 sport
17 university 18 of
18 of 19 porto

participants : 60 older adults , aged 60 - 92 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 participants 2 :
2 : 5 adults
3 60 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 7 aged
5 adults 11 years
6 , 7 aged
7 aged 8 60
7 aged 9 -
9 - 11 years
10 92 11 years
11 years 12 .

measurements : skinfold thickness was used to estimate bd through visser et al . prediction equation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 skinfold
3 skinfold 4 thickness
3 skinfold 8 estimate
4 thickness 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 estimate
7 to 8 estimate
8 estimate 9 bd
9 bd 10 through
10 through 13 al
11 visser 13 al
12 et 13 al
14 . 16 equation
15 prediction 16 equation

the conversion of bd to %bf was done with siri ( %bf - siri ) and brozek ( %bf - brozek ) formulas and these determined values were both compared to dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ( %bf - dxa ) evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conversion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 the 2 conversion
2 conversion 3 of
2 conversion 5 to
2 conversion 7 was
3 of 4 bd
5 to 6 %bf
7 was 16 and
7 was 31 to
8 done 9 with
8 done 16 and
9 with 10 siri
10 siri 12 %bf
11 ( 12 %bf
12 %bf 14 siri
12 %bf 15 )
13 - 14 siri
14 siri 15 )
16 and 17 brozek
17 brozek 30 compared
18 ( 30 compared
19 %bf 21 brozek
19 %bf 23 formulas
20 - 21 brozek
21 brozek 22 )
23 formulas 24 and
24 and 25 these
24 and 26 determined
26 determined 27 values
26 determined 30 compared
27 values 28 were
28 were 30 compared
29 both 30 compared
31 to 32 dual
32 dual 44 evaluations
33 - 44 evaluations
34 energy 35 x
34 energy 38 absorptiometry
34 energy 42 dxa
34 energy 44 evaluations
36 - 38 absorptiometry
37 ray 38 absorptiometry
38 absorptiometry 40 %bf
38 absorptiometry 41 -
39 ( 40 %bf
40 %bf 41 -
41 - 42 dxa
42 dxa 43 )
44 evaluations 45 .

results : a strong correlation between the %bf - dxa value and %bf - siri ( r=0.91 , p < 0.001 ) and %bf - brozek ( r=0.91 , p < 0.001 ) was found , although %bf - siri and %bf - brozek overestimated %bf - dxa ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 23 and
3 a 5 correlation
4 strong 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 between
5 correlation 12 and
6 between 11 value
7 the 11 value
8 %bf 9 -
8 %bf 11 value
10 dxa 11 value
12 and 13 %bf
12 and 15 siri
12 and 20 <
12 and 23 and
14 - 15 siri
15 siri 17 r=0.91
15 siri 18 ,
16 ( 17 r=0.91
17 r=0.91 18 ,
18 , 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )
23 and 24 %bf
23 and 25 -
23 and 26 brozek
23 and 35 found
26 brozek 28 r=0.91
26 brozek 34 was
27 ( 28 r=0.91
28 r=0.91 31 <
28 r=0.91 33 )
29 , 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.001
34 was 35 found
35 found 37 although
36 , 37 although
37 although 44 brozek
37 although 45 overestimated
37 although 53 )
38 %bf 41 and
38 %bf 44 brozek
39 - 41 and
40 siri 41 and
41 and 42 %bf
41 and 43 -
44 brozek 45 overestimated
45 overestimated 48 dxa
45 overestimated 51 <
46 %bf 47 -
46 %bf 48 dxa
49 ( 51 <
50 p 51 <
51 < 52 0.001
51 < 53 )

the comparison of the %bf - siri and %bf - brozek mean values also revealed significant differences ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 comparison
2 comparison 3 of
2 comparison 13 values
3 of 12 mean
4 the 12 mean
5 %bf 8 and
5 %bf 12 mean
6 - 8 and
7 siri 8 and
8 and 9 %bf
8 and 10 -
11 brozek 12 mean
13 values 17 differences
14 also 15 revealed
15 revealed 17 differences
16 significant 17 differences
17 differences 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )

the %bf - brozek reflects a better agreement than the %bf - siri with %bf - dxa with [respectively] a mean difference of - 4.0 %bf ( limits of agreement = - 10.9 to 2.9 % [ )(and [-] 5.7 %bf ( - 12.6 to 1.2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 brozek
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reflects
1 the 4 brozek
2 %bf 3 -
2 %bf 4 brozek
4 brozek 5 reflects
5 reflects 8 agreement
5 reflects 9 than
5 reflects 14 with
6 a 8 agreement
7 better 8 agreement
9 than 13 siri
10 the 13 siri
11 %bf 12 -
11 %bf 13 siri
14 with 17 dxa
14 with 26 %bf
15 %bf 16 -
15 %bf 17 dxa
17 dxa 18 with
17 dxa 23 of
18 with 22 difference
20 a 22 difference
21 mean 22 difference
23 of 25 4.0
24 - 25 4.0
26 %bf 38 )(and
27 ( 38 )(and
28 limits 29 of
28 limits 38 )(and
29 of 36 %
30 agreement 31 =
31 = 34 to
32 - 34 to
33 10.9 34 to
34 to 35 2.9
35 2.9 36 %
38 )(and 41 %bf
38 )(and 45 to
38 )(and 48 .
40 5.7 41 %bf
42 ( 45 to
43 - 44 12.6
44 12.6 45 to
45 to 46 1.2
45 to 47 )

the bland and altman plots confirmed that %bf - brozek reflects a better agreement with %bf - dxa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 the 2 bland
2 bland 3 and
3 and 5 plots
3 and 6 confirmed
3 and 7 that
3 and 8 %bf
4 altman 5 plots
7 that 8 %bf
9 - 10 brozek
9 - 11 reflects
9 - 19 .
10 brozek 11 reflects
11 reflects 14 agreement
11 reflects 15 with
12 a 14 agreement
13 better 14 agreement
15 with 18 dxa
16 %bf 17 -
16 %bf 18 dxa

conclusion : the results of the present study show that the use of brozek equation may correspond to a more accurate alternative than siri equation for the conversion of bd in %bf in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 9 show
2 : 36 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 9 show
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 present 8 study
9 show 10 that
10 that 12 use
10 that 17 correspond
11 the 12 use
12 use 13 of
12 use 16 may
13 of 15 equation
14 brozek 15 equation
16 may 17 correspond
17 correspond 18 to
17 correspond 23 than
17 correspond 31 in
17 correspond 33 in
18 to 22 alternative
19 a 22 alternative
20 more 21 accurate
21 accurate 22 alternative
23 than 25 equation
24 siri 25 equation
25 equation 26 for
25 equation 29 of
26 for 28 conversion
27 the 28 conversion
29 of 30 bd
31 in 32 %bf
33 in 35 adults
34 older 35 adults

background : the oldest [old] ( 85+ ) are the fastest growing population segment in new zealand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 oldest
2 : 9 are
3 the 4 oldest
4 oldest 7 85+
4 oldest 9 are
6 ( 7 85+
7 85+ 8 )
9 are 14 segment
10 the 11 fastest
10 the 14 segment
12 growing 13 population
13 population 14 segment
14 segment 15 in
15 in 17 zealand
16 new 17 zealand

cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) is the main cause of death and is associated with various risk factors including risk of undernutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cardiovascular 2 disease
2 disease 4 cvd
2 disease 12 and
3 ( 4 cvd
4 cvd 5 )
6 is 9 cause
6 is 12 and
7 the 9 cause
8 main 9 cause
9 cause 10 of
10 of 11 death
12 and 13 is
12 and 18 factors
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 risk
16 various 17 risk
18 factors 19 including
19 including 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 22 undernutrition

objectives : to determine if there is an association between cvd and nutrition risk in advanced age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 if
4 determine 15 in
5 if 6 there
5 if 7 is
6 there 7 is
7 is 9 association
8 an 9 association
9 association 10 between
10 between 12 and
11 cvd 12 and
12 and 14 risk
13 nutrition 14 risk
15 in 17 age
16 advanced 17 age

setting : three north island locations ( rural and urban areas ) in new zealand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 6 locations
2 : 13 in
3 three 6 locations
4 north 5 island
5 island 6 locations
6 locations 11 areas
7 ( 11 areas
8 rural 9 and
9 and 10 urban
9 and 11 areas
11 areas 12 )
13 in 15 zealand
14 new 15 zealand

participants : 108 participants aged 85 years ( 75 - 79 for maori ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 participants
2 : 5 aged
3 108 4 participants
4 participants 5 aged
5 aged 7 years
6 85 7 years
7 years 10 -
8 ( 10 -
9 75 10 -
10 - 11 79
10 - 12 for
10 - 14 )
12 for 13 maori

measurements : comprehensive health assessments were undertaken . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 assessments
2 : 7 undertaken
2 : 8 .
3 comprehensive 4 health
4 health 5 assessments
5 assessments 6 were
6 were 7 undertaken

clinically manifest cvd was pre - defined and ascertained from interviews and hospitalisation records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 manifest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 clinically 2 manifest
2 manifest 4 was
3 cvd 4 was
4 was 5 pre
6 - 8 and
7 defined 8 and
8 and 9 ascertained
9 ascertained 10 from
9 ascertained 14 records
10 from 12 and
11 interviews 12 and
12 and 13 hospitalisation

nutrition risk was assessed using a validated questionnaire - seniors in the community [:] risk evaluation for eating and nutrition , version ii ( screen ii ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 nutrition 2 risk
2 risk 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 8 questionnaire
6 a 8 questionnaire
7 validated 8 questionnaire
8 questionnaire 19 and
9 - 19 and
10 seniors 11 in
10 seniors 19 and
11 in 16 evaluation
12 the 16 evaluation
13 community 16 evaluation
15 risk 16 evaluation
16 evaluation 17 for
17 for 18 eating
19 and 20 nutrition
19 and 22 version
19 and 27 )
21 , 22 version
22 version 23 ii
22 version 25 screen
22 version 27 )
24 ( 25 screen
25 screen 26 ii
25 screen 27 )

results : 72 participants ( 67 % ) had cvd ( 49 % men ) ; 52 % of participants had a screen ii score < 50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 participants
2 : 9 had
2 : 16 ;
2 : 28 .
3 72 4 participants
4 participants 7 %
4 participants 9 had
5 ( 7 %
6 67 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 had 10 cvd
10 cvd 14 men
11 ( 14 men
12 49 14 men
13 % 14 men
14 men 15 )
16 ; 18 %
16 ; 21 had
17 52 18 %
18 % 19 of
18 % 21 had
19 of 20 participants
21 had 23 screen
21 had 25 score
22 a 23 screen
23 screen 24 ii
25 score 27 50
26 < 27 50

those with cvd had lower hdl level [ median [(] iqr [ )(] [ 1.4 ( 0.7 [ )(vs [.] 1.6 ( 0.6 ) ] ( p=0.041 [ )(, and higher waist circumference [ 97.5 ( 19.1 ) [vs] . 89.3 ( 20.6 [ )(] ( p=0.043 ) compared to those without cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 those 2 with
1 those 4 had
2 with 3 cvd
4 had 7 level
5 lower 7 level
6 hdl 7 level
7 level 11 iqr
7 level 15 1.4
8 [ 11 iqr
9 median 11 iqr
11 iqr 13 )(]
14 [ 15 1.4
15 1.4 17 0.7
15 1.4 30 and
15 1.4 38 )
16 ( 17 0.7
17 0.7 19 )(vs
17 0.7 25 ]
19 )(vs 21 1.6
21 1.6 23 0.6
22 ( 23 0.6
23 0.6 24 )
26 ( 30 and
27 p=0.041 30 and
29 )(, 30 and
30 and 33 circumference
30 and 35 97.5
30 and 38 )
31 higher 32 waist
32 waist 33 circumference
34 [ 35 97.5
35 97.5 37 19.1
35 97.5 38 )
36 ( 37 19.1
37 19.1 38 )
40 . 41 89.3
40 . 49 compared
41 89.3 43 20.6
41 89.3 47 p=0.043
41 89.3 49 compared
42 ( 43 20.6
43 20.6 45 )(]
46 ( 47 p=0.043
47 p=0.043 48 )
49 compared 50 to
49 compared 52 without
50 to 51 those
52 without 53 cvd

those with cvd were at no greater nutrition risk than those without cvd ( screen ii [score] : [ 49 ( 7 [ )(vs [.] 51 ( 10 ) ] ( p=0.365 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 those 2 with
1 those 4 were
2 with 3 cvd
4 were 5 at
4 were 10 than
4 were 12 without
5 at 9 risk
6 no 9 risk
7 greater 8 nutrition
8 nutrition 9 risk
10 than 11 those
12 without 13 cvd
13 cvd 15 screen
14 ( 15 screen
15 screen 16 ii
15 screen 18 :
15 screen 20 49
15 screen 33 )
16 ii 18 :
19 [ 20 49
20 49 22 7
20 49 32 p=0.365
20 49 33 )
21 ( 22 7
22 7 24 )(vs
22 7 28 10
22 7 30 ]
24 )(vs 26 51
27 ( 28 10
28 10 29 )
31 ( 32 p=0.365
32 p=0.365 33 )

using logistic regression controlling for confounders , screen ii scores [trended] towards an inverse association with cvd ( p=0.10 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 screen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 using 4 controlling
1 using 7 ,
1 using 8 screen
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 controlling
4 controlling 5 for
5 for 6 confounders
8 screen 9 ii
8 screen 10 scores
10 scores 12 towards
10 scores 16 with
12 towards 15 association
13 an 14 inverse
13 an 15 association
14 inverse 15 association
16 with 17 cvd
17 cvd 19 p=0.10
18 ( 19 p=0.10
19 p=0.10 20 )

conclusion : two thirds of the study participants had cvd and half were at risk of undernutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 thirds
2 : 9 had
2 : 11 and
2 : 18 .
3 two 4 thirds
4 thirds 5 of
4 thirds 9 had
5 of 8 participants
6 the 8 participants
7 study 8 participants
9 had 10 cvd
11 and 12 half
11 and 13 were
12 half 13 were
13 were 14 at
14 at 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 17 undernutrition

nutrition risk was mildly associated with cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 nutrition 2 risk
2 risk 3 was
3 was 5 associated
4 mildly 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 cvd

this study provides further evidence that those in advanced age are at risk of undernutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 evidence
4 further 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 7 those
6 that 11 are
7 those 8 in
7 those 11 are
8 in 10 age
9 advanced 10 age
11 are 12 at
12 at 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 undernutrition

further research is needed to establish how the causes and consequences of cvd are related to nutrition risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 establish
6 establish 7 how
7 how 10 and
7 how 15 related
8 the 9 causes
9 causes 10 and
10 and 11 consequences
10 and 12 of
10 and 14 are
12 of 13 cvd
14 are 15 related
15 related 16 to
16 to 18 risk
17 nutrition 18 risk

objective : to look into the association between anthropometric , body compositional and physiological characteristics with physical activity among the children and adolescents of asian indian origin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 look
3 to 4 look
4 look 5 into
4 look 8 between
4 look 16 with
4 look 19 among
5 into 7 association
6 the 7 association
8 between 15 characteristics
9 anthropometric 10 ,
9 anthropometric 11 body
11 body 15 characteristics
12 compositional 13 and
13 and 14 physiological
13 and 15 characteristics
16 with 18 activity
17 physical 18 activity
19 among 22 and
20 the 21 children
21 children 22 and
22 and 23 adolescents
22 and 24 of
24 of 27 origin
25 asian 26 indian
26 indian 27 origin

methods : a total of 469 children and adolescents ( 250 boys and 219 girls ) aged 8 - 18 years took part in the present cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 17 aged
5 of 8 and
6 469 7 children
7 children 8 and
8 and 9 adolescents
8 and 13 and
10 ( 13 and
11 250 12 boys
12 boys 13 and
13 and 15 girls
13 and 16 )
14 219 15 girls
17 aged 19 -
18 8 19 -
19 - 20 18
20 18 21 years
21 years 23 part
22 took 23 part
23 part 24 in
24 in 27 cross
25 the 27 cross
26 present 27 cross
28 - 30 study
29 sectional 30 study

a pre - designed schedule was used to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics and type of activities performed by them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 schedule
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 pre
1 a 5 schedule
2 pre 3 -
2 pre 5 schedule
4 designed 5 schedule
5 schedule 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 collect
8 to 9 collect
9 collect 10 information
9 collect 11 on
11 on 14 and
12 socioeconomic 13 characteristics
13 characteristics 14 and
14 and 15 type
14 and 16 of
14 and 18 performed
16 of 17 activities
18 performed 19 by
19 by 20 them

results : it was observed that there was an inversely proportional trend for different anthropometric , body compositional and physiological measures with the duration of different types of physical activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 5 observed
3 it 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 that
6 that 7 there
6 that 8 was
7 there 8 was
8 was 12 trend
8 was 22 with
9 an 12 trend
10 inversely 11 proportional
11 proportional 12 trend
12 trend 13 for
13 for 21 measures
14 different 17 body
15 anthropometric 16 ,
15 anthropometric 17 body
17 body 21 measures
18 compositional 19 and
19 and 20 physiological
19 and 21 measures
22 with 24 duration
23 the 24 duration
24 duration 25 of
25 of 27 types
26 different 27 types
27 types 28 of
28 of 30 activities
29 physical 30 activities

moreover , [walking] [,] cycling and racing [were] observed to be correlated inversely with sum [of] four skinfold ( sf4 [ )(and the ratio of sf4 and bmi ( sf4 [:] bmi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 10 to
2 , 9 observed
5 cycling 6 and
6 and 7 racing
6 and 9 observed
9 observed 10 to
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 inversely
12 correlated 14 with
14 with 15 sum
14 with 18 skinfold
15 sum 17 four
18 skinfold 27 and
19 ( 27 and
20 sf4 22 )(and
22 )(and 24 ratio
22 )(and 27 and
23 the 24 ratio
24 ratio 25 of
25 of 26 sf4
27 and 28 bmi
27 and 33 )
28 bmi 32 bmi
29 ( 32 bmi
30 sf4 32 bmi
32 bmi 33 )

furthermore , significant ( p < 0.01 ) inverse [correlation] was observed in case of mean arterial pressure ( map ) with the duration of walking , cyclicing and gym . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 inverse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 9 inverse
3 significant 6 <
3 significant 9 inverse
4 ( 6 <
5 p 6 <
6 < 7 0.01
6 < 8 )
9 inverse 11 was
11 was 12 observed
12 observed 15 of
12 observed 22 with
13 in 14 case
14 case 15 of
15 of 18 pressure
16 mean 18 pressure
17 arterial 18 pressure
18 pressure 20 map
19 ( 20 map
20 map 21 )
22 with 29 and
23 the 24 duration
24 duration 25 of
24 duration 27 ,
25 of 26 walking
27 , 28 cyclicing
27 , 29 and
29 and 30 gym

it was observed that about 14 % ( r² [=] 0.14 ) of the total variance of map was explained by duration of different types of physical activity and parental characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 observed
3 observed 4 that
4 that 16 variance
4 that 20 explained
5 about 7 %
5 about 16 variance
6 14 7 %
7 % 9 r²
8 ( 9 r²
9 r² 11 0.14
9 r² 12 )
13 of 15 total
13 of 16 variance
14 the 15 total
16 variance 17 of
16 variance 19 was
17 of 18 map
19 was 20 explained
20 explained 21 by
21 by 29 and
22 duration 23 of
22 duration 29 and
23 of 28 activity
24 different 25 types
25 types 26 of
25 types 28 activity
26 of 28 activity
27 physical 28 activity
29 and 31 characteristics
30 parental 31 characteristics

conclusions : habitual moderate physical activity may be beneficial to prevent excess accumulation of fat during childhood and adolescence and warranted further investigation about the importance of physical activity to prevent increasing trend of childhood obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 activity
2 : 11 prevent
2 : 37 .
3 habitual 6 activity
4 moderate 6 activity
5 physical 6 activity
6 activity 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 beneficial
9 beneficial 10 to
9 beneficial 11 prevent
10 to 11 prevent
11 prevent 13 accumulation
11 prevent 16 during
12 excess 13 accumulation
13 accumulation 14 of
14 of 15 fat
16 during 18 and
17 childhood 18 and
18 and 33 trend
18 and 34 of
19 adolescence 20 and
20 and 23 investigation
20 and 24 about
20 and 30 to
20 and 31 prevent
20 and 32 increasing
21 warranted 23 investigation
22 further 23 investigation
24 about 26 importance
25 the 26 importance
26 importance 27 of
27 of 29 activity
28 physical 29 activity
30 to 31 prevent
32 increasing 33 trend
34 of 36 obesity
35 childhood 36 obesity

objective : as women age total dietary intake [falls] which may increase the risk of dietary deficiencies in some individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 total
2 : 21 .
3 as 4 women
3 as 5 age
3 as 6 total
4 women 5 age
6 total 8 intake
7 dietary 8 intake
8 intake 10 which
8 intake 11 may
10 which 11 may
11 may 12 increase
12 increase 14 risk
12 increase 18 in
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 deficiencies
16 dietary 17 deficiencies
18 in 20 individuals
19 some 20 individuals

the aims of this study were to investigate the changes in nutrient and dietary intakes that occurred with aging in a seven [-] year longitudinal study of elderly australian women and to evaluate the adequacy of their dietary intakes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 6 were
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 11 in
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 changes
9 the 10 changes
11 in 15 intakes
12 nutrient 13 and
13 and 14 dietary
13 and 15 intakes
15 intakes 16 that
15 intakes 31 and
16 that 31 and
17 occurred 18 with
17 occurred 20 in
17 occurred 31 and
18 with 19 aging
20 in 26 study
21 a 26 study
22 seven 24 year
24 year 26 study
25 longitudinal 26 study
26 study 27 of
27 of 30 women
28 elderly 29 australian
29 australian 30 women
31 and 32 to
31 and 33 evaluate
32 to 33 evaluate
33 evaluate 35 adequacy
34 the 35 adequacy
35 adequacy 36 of
36 of 39 intakes
37 their 39 intakes
38 dietary 39 intakes

design : longitudinal population based study on health with ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 population
2 : 5 based
2 : 11 .
3 longitudinal 4 population
4 population 5 based
5 based 6 study
5 based 7 on
5 based 9 with
7 on 8 health
9 with 10 ageing

participants and setting : 911 free - living elderly women aged 70 - 85 years at baseline from a cohort of 1500 elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 participants 2 and
2 and 3 setting
4 : 10 women
4 : 11 aged
5 911 10 women
6 free 7 -
6 free 10 women
8 living 10 women
9 elderly 10 women
10 women 11 aged
11 aged 15 years
12 70 13 -
13 - 14 85
13 - 15 years
15 years 16 at
15 years 21 of
16 at 17 baseline
17 baseline 18 from
18 from 20 cohort
19 a 20 cohort
21 of 24 women
22 1500 24 women
23 elderly 24 women

measurements : at baseline , 60 and 84 months , self - reported food frequency questionnaires ( ffq ) and demographics were collected and anthropometry measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 3 at
3 at 4 baseline
4 baseline 9 months
5 , 9 months
6 60 7 and
7 and 8 84
7 and 9 months
9 months 10 ,
10 , 11 self
10 , 12 -
12 - 20 and
12 - 22 were
12 - 27 .
13 reported 18 ffq
14 food 15 frequency
15 frequency 16 questionnaires
16 questionnaires 18 ffq
17 ( 18 ffq
18 ffq 19 )
18 ffq 20 and
20 and 21 demographics
20 and 22 were
22 were 24 and
22 were 26 measured
23 collected 24 and
24 and 25 anthropometry

results : during the 84 month subjects lost height ( 1.8 cm ) and body weight ( 1.9 kg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 14 and
4 the 6 month
5 84 6 month
6 month 7 subjects
6 month 8 lost
6 month 14 and
7 subjects 8 lost
8 lost 9 height
9 height 12 cm
10 ( 12 cm
11 1.8 12 cm
12 cm 13 )
14 and 16 weight
14 and 19 kg
15 body 16 weight
17 ( 19 kg
18 1.9 19 kg
19 kg 20 )

intakes of energy and macronutrients carbohydrate , fat and protein declined significantly over the 84 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 intakes 2 of
1 intakes 4 and
2 of 3 energy
4 and 5 macronutrients
4 and 9 and
4 and 11 declined
6 carbohydrate 7 ,
7 , 8 fat
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 protein
9 and 11 declined
11 declined 12 significantly
11 declined 13 over
13 over 16 months
14 the 15 84
15 84 16 months

mean energy derived from saturated fat was above , whereas energy derived from carbohydrate was below , recommended levels of intake at all time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 mean 2 energy
1 mean 7 was
1 mean 18 recommended
2 energy 3 derived
2 energy 7 was
3 derived 4 from
4 from 6 fat
5 saturated 6 fat
7 was 8 above
7 was 10 whereas
9 , 10 whereas
10 whereas 11 energy
10 whereas 15 was
10 whereas 17 ,
11 energy 12 derived
11 energy 13 from
11 energy 15 was
13 from 14 carbohydrate
15 was 16 below
18 recommended 19 levels
18 recommended 22 at
19 levels 20 of
20 of 21 intake
22 at 25 points
23 all 25 points
24 time 25 points

intakes of vitamins and minerals all declined with age and subjects had suboptimal intakes of folate , vitamin e and calcium at all time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 intakes 2 of
1 intakes 4 and
2 of 3 vitamins
4 and 5 minerals
4 and 7 declined
4 and 12 had
6 all 7 declined
7 declined 8 with
8 with 10 and
9 age 10 and
10 and 11 subjects
12 had 20 and
12 had 22 at
13 suboptimal 14 intakes
14 intakes 15 of
14 intakes 17 ,
15 of 16 folate
17 , 18 vitamin
17 , 20 and
18 vitamin 19 e
20 and 21 calcium
22 at 25 points
23 all 25 points
24 time 25 points

the serve sizes for potato and meat and the consumption of milk , bread and variety of vegetables declined significantly over time reflecting changes in nutrient intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 sizes
2 serve 3 sizes
3 sizes 4 for
3 sizes 13 ,
4 for 8 and
5 potato 6 and
6 and 7 meat
6 and 8 and
8 and 10 consumption
9 the 10 consumption
10 consumption 11 of
11 of 12 milk
13 , 14 bread
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 variety
15 and 17 of
15 and 19 declined
15 and 23 reflecting
17 of 18 vegetables
19 declined 20 significantly
19 declined 21 over
21 over 22 time
23 reflecting 24 changes
23 reflecting 25 in
25 in 27 intake
26 nutrient 27 intake

conclusions : ageing is associated with reduced food intake resulting in inadequate intakes in energy , and some nutrients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 ageing
2 : 5 associated
3 ageing 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 11 in
5 associated 14 in
6 with 9 intake
7 reduced 8 food
8 food 9 intake
9 intake 10 resulting
11 in 13 intakes
12 inadequate 13 intakes
14 in 17 and
15 energy 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 nutrients
18 some 19 nutrients

nutrition policy for elderly women should include advice to maintain or increase intakes of carbohydrate , milk , vegetables and fruit whilst continuing to reduce fat intake . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 policy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 nutrition 2 policy
2 policy 3 for
2 policy 6 should
3 for 5 women
4 elderly 5 women
6 should 11 or
7 include 8 advice
7 include 11 or
8 advice 9 to
8 advice 10 maintain
9 to 10 maintain
11 or 12 increase
12 increase 13 intakes
12 increase 22 whilst
13 intakes 14 of
14 of 20 and
15 carbohydrate 16 ,
16 , 17 milk
16 , 18 ,
18 , 19 vegetables
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 fruit
22 whilst 23 continuing
23 continuing 24 to
23 continuing 25 reduce
24 to 25 reduce
25 reduce 27 intake
26 fat 27 intake

background : many inducible transcription factors are regulated through batteries of posttranslational modifications that couple their activity to inducing stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 6 factors
2 : 8 regulated
3 many 6 factors
4 inducible 5 transcription
5 transcription 6 factors
6 factors 7 are
7 are 8 regulated
8 regulated 9 through
8 regulated 18 to
9 through 10 batteries
10 batteries 11 of
11 of 13 modifications
12 posttranslational 13 modifications
13 modifications 14 that
13 modifications 15 couple
14 that 15 couple
15 couple 17 activity
16 their 17 activity
18 to 19 inducing
19 inducing 20 stimuli

we have studied such regulation of heat shock factor 1 ( hsf1 ) , a key protein in control of the heat shock response , and a participant in carcinogenisis , neurological health and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 studied
3 studied 26 and
3 studied 29 in
4 such 5 regulation
5 regulation 6 of
5 regulation 26 and
6 of 9 factor
7 heat 8 shock
8 shock 9 factor
9 factor 10 1
9 factor 12 hsf1
9 factor 17 protein
11 ( 12 hsf1
12 hsf1 13 )
14 , 17 protein
15 a 17 protein
16 key 17 protein
17 protein 18 in
17 protein 20 of
17 protein 25 ,
18 in 19 control
20 of 24 response
21 the 24 response
22 heat 24 response
23 shock 24 response
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 participant
27 a 28 participant
29 in 34 and
30 carcinogenisis 31 ,
31 , 33 health
31 , 34 and
32 neurological 33 health
34 and 35 aging

as the mechanisms involved in the intracellular regulation of hsf1 in good health and its dysregulation in disease are still incomplete we are investigating the role of posttranslational modifications in such regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 as 3 mechanisms
1 as 19 are
1 as 22 we
2 the 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 involved
3 mechanisms 9 of
3 mechanisms 17 in
3 mechanisms 19 are
4 involved 5 in
5 in 8 regulation
6 the 8 regulation
7 intracellular 8 regulation
9 of 14 and
10 hsf1 11 in
10 hsf1 14 and
11 in 13 health
12 good 13 health
14 and 16 dysregulation
15 its 16 dysregulation
17 in 18 disease
19 are 20 still
19 are 21 incomplete
20 still 21 incomplete
22 we 23 are
23 are 24 investigating
24 investigating 26 role
24 investigating 30 in
25 the 26 role
26 role 27 of
27 of 29 modifications
28 posttranslational 29 modifications
30 in 32 regulation
31 such 32 regulation

methodology/principal findings : in a proteomic study of hsf1 binding partners , we have discovered its association with the pleiotropic protein kinase a ( pka ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
2 findings 3 :
3 : 4 in
3 : 10 binding
4 in 7 study
5 a 6 proteomic
5 a 7 study
6 proteomic 7 study
7 study 8 of
8 of 9 hsf1
10 binding 11 partners
12 , 13 we
12 , 15 discovered
13 we 14 have
14 have 15 discovered
15 discovered 17 association
15 discovered 18 with
16 its 17 association
18 with 22 kinase
19 the 22 kinase
20 pleiotropic 21 protein
21 protein 22 kinase
22 kinase 23 a
22 kinase 25 pka
24 ( 25 pka
25 pka 26 )

hsf1 binds avidly to the catalytic subunit of pka [,] ( pkacα ) and becomes phosphorylated on a novel serine phosphorylation site within its central regulatory domain ( serine 320 or s320 ) , both in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hsf1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 phosphorylated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 hsf1 14 and
1 hsf1 16 phosphorylated
2 binds 3 avidly
2 binds 4 to
2 binds 14 and
4 to 7 subunit
5 the 7 subunit
6 catalytic 7 subunit
7 subunit 8 of
8 of 9 pka
9 pka 12 pkacα
11 ( 12 pkacα
12 pkacα 13 )
14 and 15 becomes
16 phosphorylated 17 on
16 phosphorylated 23 within
16 phosphorylated 35 both
16 phosphorylated 38 and
17 on 22 site
18 a 19 novel
18 a 22 site
19 novel 20 serine
20 serine 22 site
21 phosphorylation 22 site
23 within 27 domain
24 its 27 domain
25 central 27 domain
26 regulatory 27 domain
27 domain 31 or
28 ( 31 or
29 serine 30 320
29 serine 31 or
31 or 32 s320
31 or 33 )
31 or 34 ,
36 in 37 vitro
37 vitro 38 and
38 and 40 vivo
39 in 40 vivo

intracellular pkacα levels and phosphorylation of hsf1 at s320 were both required for hsf1 to be localized to the nucleus , bind to response elements in the promoter of an hsf1 target gene ( hsp70.1 ) and activate hsp70.1 after stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 intracellular 2 pkacα
2 pkacα 3 levels
3 levels 4 and
4 and 5 phosphorylation
4 and 10 were
5 phosphorylation 6 of
6 of 7 hsf1
7 hsf1 8 at
8 at 9 s320
10 were 12 required
11 both 12 required
12 required 13 for
12 required 15 to
12 required 21 ,
13 for 14 hsf1
15 to 16 be
16 be 21 ,
17 localized 18 to
17 localized 21 ,
18 to 20 nucleus
19 the 20 nucleus
21 , 37 and
21 , 40 after
22 bind 23 to
22 bind 26 in
22 bind 37 and
23 to 25 elements
24 response 25 elements
26 in 28 promoter
27 the 28 promoter
28 promoter 29 of
29 of 33 gene
30 an 33 gene
31 hsf1 33 gene
32 target 33 gene
33 gene 35 hsp70.1
34 ( 35 hsp70.1
35 hsp70.1 36 )
37 and 38 activate
38 activate 39 hsp70.1
40 after 41 stress

reduction in pkacα levels by small hairpin rna led to hsf1 exclusion from the nucleus , its exodus from the hsp70.1 promoter and decreased hsp70.1 transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 reduction 2 in
1 reduction 4 levels
2 in 3 pkacα
4 levels 5 by
4 levels 9 led
4 levels 10 to
6 small 7 hairpin
7 hairpin 9 led
8 rna 9 led
10 to 23 and
11 hsf1 12 exclusion
12 exclusion 13 from
12 exclusion 16 ,
13 from 15 nucleus
14 the 15 nucleus
16 , 18 exodus
16 , 23 and
17 its 18 exodus
18 exodus 19 from
19 from 22 promoter
20 the 22 promoter
21 hsp70.1 22 promoter
23 and 26 transcription
24 decreased 25 hsp70.1
25 hsp70.1 26 transcription

likewise , null mutation of hsf1 at s320 by alanine substitution for serine led to an hsf1 species excluded from the nucleus and deficient in hsp70.1 activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 4 mutation
3 null 4 mutation
4 mutation 5 of
4 mutation 14 led
5 of 6 hsf1
6 hsf1 7 at
6 hsf1 9 by
6 hsf1 12 for
7 at 8 s320
9 by 11 substitution
10 alanine 11 substitution
12 for 13 serine
14 led 15 to
15 to 18 species
16 an 18 species
17 hsf1 18 species
18 species 19 excluded
19 excluded 20 from
19 excluded 25 in
20 from 23 and
21 the 22 nucleus
22 nucleus 23 and
23 and 24 deficient
25 in 27 activation
26 hsp70.1 27 activation

conclusions : these findings of pka regulation of hsf1 through s320 phosphorylation add to our knowledge of the signaling networks converging on this factor and may contribute to elucidating its complex roles in the stress response and understanding hsf1 dysregulation in disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 25 and
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 8 of
4 findings 25 and
5 of 7 regulation
6 pka 7 regulation
8 of 9 hsf1
9 hsf1 10 through
10 through 12 phosphorylation
11 s320 12 phosphorylation
13 add 14 to
13 add 22 on
13 add 25 and
14 to 16 knowledge
15 our 16 knowledge
16 knowledge 17 of
16 knowledge 21 converging
17 of 20 networks
18 the 20 networks
19 signaling 20 networks
22 on 24 factor
23 this 24 factor
25 and 26 may
25 and 28 to
26 may 27 contribute
28 to 29 elucidating
29 elucidating 37 and
30 its 32 roles
31 complex 32 roles
32 roles 33 in
32 roles 37 and
33 in 36 response
34 the 36 response
35 stress 36 response
37 and 40 dysregulation
37 and 41 in
38 understanding 40 dysregulation
39 hsf1 40 dysregulation
41 in 42 disease

[none] [in] this protocol we describe a method to obtain telomere length parameters using southern blots [of] terminal restriction fragments ( trfs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protocol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 blots
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
3 this 4 protocol
4 protocol 5 we
4 protocol 10 obtain
4 protocol 16 blots
5 we 6 describe
6 describe 8 method
6 describe 9 to
7 a 8 method
9 to 10 obtain
10 obtain 13 parameters
11 telomere 13 parameters
12 length 13 parameters
13 parameters 14 using
14 using 15 southern
16 blots 20 fragments
18 terminal 19 restriction
19 restriction 20 fragments
20 fragments 22 trfs
21 ( 22 trfs
22 trfs 23 )

we use this approach primarily for epidemiological studies that examine leukocyte telomere length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 use
2 use 4 approach
2 use 5 primarily
3 this 4 approach
5 primarily 6 for
6 for 8 studies
7 epidemiological 8 studies
8 studies 9 that
8 studies 10 examine
9 that 10 examine
10 examine 13 length
11 leukocyte 13 length
12 telomere 13 length

however , the method can be adapted for telomere length measurements in other cells whose telomere lengths are within its detection boundaries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 adapted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 method
3 the 4 method
4 method 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 adapted
7 adapted 8 for
7 adapted 12 in
8 for 11 measurements
9 telomere 10 length
10 length 11 measurements
12 in 14 cells
13 other 14 cells
14 cells 15 whose
15 whose 16 telomere
16 telomere 18 are
17 lengths 18 are
18 are 19 within
19 within 22 boundaries
20 its 22 boundaries
21 detection 22 boundaries

after extraction , dna is inspected for integrity , digested , resolved by gel electrophoresis , transferred to a membrane , hybridized with labeled probes and exposed to x - ray film using chemiluminescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 after 2 extraction
1 after 3 ,
1 after 4 dna
4 dna 9 ,
5 is 6 inspected
5 is 9 ,
6 inspected 7 for
7 for 8 integrity
9 , 10 digested
9 , 12 resolved
9 , 17 transferred
9 , 32 film
11 , 12 resolved
12 resolved 13 by
12 resolved 16 ,
13 by 15 electrophoresis
14 gel 15 electrophoresis
16 , 17 transferred
17 transferred 18 to
17 transferred 22 hybridized
17 transferred 30 -
18 to 20 membrane
19 a 20 membrane
21 , 22 hybridized
22 hybridized 23 with
22 hybridized 28 to
22 hybridized 30 -
23 with 26 and
24 labeled 25 probes
24 labeled 26 and
26 and 27 exposed
28 to 29 x
31 ray 32 film
32 film 33 using
33 using 34 chemiluminescence

although precise and [highly] accurate , the method requires a considerable amount of dna ( 3 [μg] per sample ) and it measures both the canonical and noncanonical components of telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 3 and
1 although 6 ,
1 although 8 method
2 precise 3 and
3 and 5 accurate
7 the 8 method
8 method 9 requires
9 requires 12 amount
9 requires 23 measures
10 a 11 considerable
10 a 12 amount
11 considerable 12 amount
12 amount 13 of
12 amount 23 measures
13 of 21 and
14 dna 16 3
14 dna 21 and
15 ( 16 3
16 3 18 per
16 3 20 )
18 per 19 sample
21 and 22 it
23 measures 24 both
24 both 25 the
24 both 29 components
25 the 29 components
26 canonical 27 and
27 and 28 noncanonical
27 and 29 components
29 components 30 of
30 of 31 telomeres

the method also provides parameters of telomere length distribution in each dna sample , which are useful in answering questions beyond those focusing on the mean length of telomeres in a given sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 method
2 method 4 provides
3 also 4 provides
4 provides 5 parameters
4 provides 10 in
5 parameters 6 of
6 of 9 distribution
7 telomere 8 length
8 length 9 distribution
10 in 13 sample
11 each 13 sample
12 dna 13 sample
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 are
15 which 16 are
16 are 17 useful
17 useful 18 in
17 useful 21 beyond
18 in 19 answering
19 answering 20 questions
21 beyond 22 those
22 those 23 focusing
23 focusing 24 on
23 focusing 30 in
24 on 27 length
25 the 27 length
26 mean 27 length
27 length 28 of
28 of 29 telomeres
30 in 33 sample
31 a 33 sample
32 given 33 sample

a skilled technician can measure trf length in ∼130 samples per week . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 technician
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 skilled
1 a 3 technician
2 skilled 3 technician
3 technician 4 can
4 can 5 measure
5 measure 7 length
5 measure 8 in
6 trf 7 length
8 in 10 samples
9 ∼130 10 samples
10 samples 11 per
11 per 12 week

background : elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( [ra] [ )( more aging - related complications than nonelderly [patients] [with] [ra] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 patients
3 elderly 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
5 with 7 arthritis
6 rheumatoid 7 arthritis
7 arthritis 13 aging
8 ( 12 more
8 ( 13 aging
13 aging 14 -
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 complications
15 related 17 than
15 related 18 nonelderly

objectives : the objective [of] the study was to investigate the treatment status of elderly patients with [ra] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 objective
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 7 study
4 objective 17 with
6 the 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 investigate
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 13 status
10 investigate 17 with
11 the 13 status
12 treatment 13 status
13 status 14 of
14 of 16 patients
15 elderly 16 patients

methods : between january and march 2008 , 969 patients [with] [ra] were enrolled in this observational cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 between
3 between 5 and
4 january 5 and
5 and 6 march
6 march 7 2008
8 , 10 patients
8 , 14 enrolled
9 969 10 patients
10 patients 13 were
13 were 14 enrolled
14 enrolled 15 in
15 in 18 cross
16 this 18 cross
17 observational 18 cross
18 cross 21 study
19 - 21 study
20 sectional 21 study
21 study 22 .

prescription of disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs ( dmards ) and corticosteroids and laboratory data related to [ra] , including matrix metalloproteinase 3 , rheumatoid factor , and anti - cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels , were compared between the elderly and the [nonelderly] patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 prescription 2 of
1 prescription 11 and
2 of 3 disease
3 disease 5 modifying
4 - 5 modifying
5 modifying 7 drugs
5 modifying 10 )
6 antirheumatic 7 drugs
7 drugs 9 dmards
8 ( 9 dmards
9 dmards 10 )
11 and 12 corticosteroids
11 and 13 and
13 and 14 laboratory
13 and 15 data
13 and 17 to
15 data 16 related
16 related 17 to
19 , 20 including
19 , 36 ,
20 including 28 and
20 including 36 ,
21 matrix 22 metalloproteinase
22 metalloproteinase 23 3
22 metalloproteinase 24 ,
24 , 26 factor
24 , 28 and
25 rheumatoid 26 factor
27 , 28 and
28 and 34 antibody
29 anti 30 -
29 anti 33 peptide
31 cyclic 33 peptide
32 citrullinated 33 peptide
33 peptide 34 antibody
35 levels 36 ,
36 , 37 were
37 were 38 compared
38 compared 39 between
39 between 42 and
40 the 41 elderly
41 elderly 42 and
42 and 45 patients
43 the 45 patients

results : fewer dmards [were] prescribed to the elderly patients ( 1.40 [ sd , 0.57 ] vs [.] 1.51 [ sd , 0.61 ] [;] p = 0.029 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 dmards
3 fewer 4 dmards
4 dmards 6 prescribed
4 dmards 18 vs
6 prescribed 7 to
7 to 10 patients
8 the 10 patients
9 elderly 10 patients
10 patients 12 1.40
11 ( 12 1.40
12 1.40 14 sd
12 1.40 17 ]
13 [ 14 sd
14 sd 16 0.57
14 sd 17 ]
15 , 16 0.57
16 0.57 17 ]
18 vs 20 1.51
20 1.51 22 sd
21 [ 22 sd
22 sd 24 0.61
22 sd 28 =
22 sd 30 )
23 , 24 0.61
24 0.61 25 ]
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.029
28 = 30 )

the laboratory data suggested that the disease status was uncontrolled to a greater extent , and complications were more common in the elderly group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 data
2 laboratory 3 data
3 data 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 8 status
5 that 9 was
6 the 8 status
7 disease 8 status
8 status 9 was
9 was 10 uncontrolled
10 uncontrolled 11 to
11 to 14 extent
12 a 14 extent
13 greater 14 extent
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 complications
16 and 18 were
17 complications 18 were
18 were 20 common
19 more 20 common
20 common 21 in
21 in 24 group
22 the 24 group
23 elderly 24 group

conclusion : elderly patients [with] [ra] receive less aggressive treatment than [nonelderly] patients with [ra] , despite laboratory evidence for poorly controlled disease status among the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 elderly
2 : 17 despite
3 elderly 4 patients
3 elderly 14 with
4 patients 7 receive
7 receive 10 treatment
7 receive 11 than
7 receive 14 with
8 less 9 aggressive
9 aggressive 10 treatment
11 than 13 patients
16 , 17 despite
17 despite 19 evidence
17 despite 28 .
18 laboratory 19 evidence
19 evidence 20 for
20 for 24 status
21 poorly 22 controlled
22 controlled 23 disease
23 disease 24 status
24 status 25 among
25 among 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly

the use of a less aggressive regimen could be attributed to the higher prevalence of complications and problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 8 could
3 of 7 regimen
4 a 7 regimen
5 less 6 aggressive
6 aggressive 7 regimen
8 could 9 be
9 be 10 attributed
10 attributed 11 to
11 to 14 prevalence
12 the 14 prevalence
13 higher 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 complications 17 and
17 and 18 problems

therefore , the elderly [with] [ra] should be considered a different patient population from the viewpoint of treatment and be administered [specialized] medical care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elderly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 elderly
3 the 4 elderly
4 elderly 7 should
7 should 8 be
8 be 19 and
9 considered 12 patient
9 considered 13 population
9 considered 19 and
10 a 12 patient
11 different 12 patient
13 population 14 from
14 from 16 viewpoint
15 the 16 viewpoint
16 viewpoint 17 of
17 of 18 treatment
19 and 20 be
19 and 24 care
21 administered 24 care
23 medical 24 care

background and aims : many studies have reported a greater frequency of [falls] among older women than men in conditions which stress balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 6 studies
4 : 8 reported
4 : 24 .
5 many 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 reported
8 reported 11 frequency
8 reported 17 than
8 reported 19 in
9 a 11 frequency
10 greater 11 frequency
11 frequency 12 of
12 of 14 among
14 among 16 women
15 older 16 women
17 than 18 men
19 in 20 conditions
20 conditions 21 which
20 conditions 22 stress
21 which 22 stress
22 stress 23 balance

previously , we found an improvement in static balance in older women with an increased support surface area and equal load redistribution on both feet , in response to a dynamic balance training protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
1 previously 2 ,
1 previously 3 we
3 we 19 and
4 found 6 improvement
4 found 18 area
4 found 19 and
5 an 6 improvement
6 improvement 7 in
6 improvement 10 in
7 in 9 balance
8 static 9 balance
10 in 12 women
11 older 12 women
12 women 13 with
13 with 17 surface
14 an 17 surface
15 increased 16 support
16 support 17 surface
19 and 20 equal
20 equal 22 redistribution
20 equal 23 on
20 equal 29 to
21 load 22 redistribution
23 on 25 feet
24 both 25 feet
26 , 29 to
27 in 28 response
28 response 29 to
29 to 32 balance
29 to 35 .
30 a 31 dynamic
30 a 32 balance
31 dynamic 32 balance
32 balance 33 training
33 training 34 protocol

the aim of the present study was to examine whether the same training program and body composition would have effects on the postural control of older overweight women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 10 whether
10 whether 15 and
10 whether 19 have
11 the 12 same
12 same 14 program
13 training 14 program
14 program 15 and
15 and 17 composition
15 and 18 would
16 body 17 composition
18 would 19 have
19 have 20 effects
19 have 21 on
21 on 24 control
22 the 24 control
23 postural 24 control
24 control 25 of
25 of 28 women
26 older 28 women
27 overweight 28 women

methods : ten healthy women ( 68.67 ± 5.50 yrs [;] 28.17 ± 3.35 bmi ) participated in a five [-] week physical activity program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 5 women
2 : 17 participated
3 ten 5 women
4 healthy 5 women
5 women 15 bmi
5 women 17 participated
6 ( 15 bmi
7 68.67 15 bmi
8 ± 13 ±
9 5.50 10 yrs
10 yrs 13 ±
12 28.17 13 ±
13 ± 15 bmi
14 3.35 15 bmi
15 bmi 16 )
17 participated 18 in
18 in 25 program
19 a 25 program
20 five 22 week
22 week 25 program
23 physical 24 activity
24 activity 25 program

postural stability was assessed before and after training with an optoelectronic platform and [a] uni - pedal balance performance test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 postural 2 stability
2 stability 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 and
4 assessed 9 with
5 before 6 and
6 and 7 after
7 after 8 training
9 with 13 and
10 an 11 optoelectronic
10 an 12 platform
11 optoelectronic 12 platform
12 platform 13 and
13 and 15 uni
16 - 20 test
16 - 21 .
17 pedal 20 test
18 balance 20 test
19 performance 20 test

body composition of the trunk , upper limbs and lower limbs was measured by bio [-] impedance analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 composition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 body 2 composition
2 composition 3 of
2 composition 12 was
3 of 9 and
4 the 5 trunk
5 trunk 6 ,
6 , 8 limbs
6 , 9 and
7 upper 8 limbs
9 and 11 limbs
10 lower 11 limbs
12 was 13 measured
13 measured 14 by
14 by 18 analysis
15 bio 18 analysis
17 impedance 18 analysis

results : the mean speed ( [ms] [ )( medial - lateral ms ( ms - x ) , anterior - posterior ms ( ms - y ) , sway path [(] sp [ )(and ellipse surface area [(] esa ) of the pressure center was reduced after training in older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 speed
2 : 26 -
3 the 5 speed
4 mean 5 speed
5 speed 15 ms
6 ( 15 ms
10 medial 11 -
10 medial 15 ms
12 lateral 15 ms
13 ms 15 ms
14 ( 15 ms
15 ms 16 -
15 ms 17 x
15 ms 18 )
16 - 17 x
17 x 18 )
19 , 26 -
20 anterior 21 -
20 anterior 22 posterior
22 posterior 25 ms
23 ms 25 ms
24 ( 25 ms
25 ms 26 -
26 - 27 y
26 - 28 )
29 , 30 sway
29 , 47 reduced
30 sway 35 )(and
30 sway 45 center
30 sway 46 was
31 path 33 sp
33 sp 35 )(and
35 )(and 40 esa
35 )(and 41 )
35 )(and 42 of
35 )(and 45 center
36 ellipse 40 esa
37 surface 38 area
38 area 40 esa
42 of 44 pressure
43 the 44 pressure
46 was 47 reduced
47 reduced 48 after
47 reduced 50 in
48 after 49 training
50 in 52 women
51 older 52 women

however , only ms , ms - [x] , ms - y and sp significantly decreased in bipodalic conditions with eo and ms - [y] also with ec ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 only
3 only 14 sp
4 ms 6 ms
5 , 6 ms
6 ms 7 -
6 ms 10 ms
9 , 10 ms
10 ms 11 -
10 ms 12 y
12 y 13 and
13 and 14 sp
14 sp 16 decreased
15 significantly 16 decreased
16 decreased 17 in
16 decreased 20 with
17 in 19 conditions
18 bipodalic 19 conditions
20 with 23 ms
21 eo 22 and
22 and 23 ms
23 ms 27 with
24 - 26 also
24 - 27 with
27 with 28 ec
27 with 31 )
28 ec 30 p<0.05
29 ( 30 p<0.05
30 p<0.05 31 )

instead , in monopodalic conditions , we found a significant reduction in the esa of both feet with eo and ec . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 7 we
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 conditions
3 in 6 ,
3 in 7 we
4 monopodalic 5 conditions
7 we 8 found
8 found 11 reduction
8 found 12 in
9 a 10 significant
9 a 11 reduction
10 significant 11 reduction
12 in 20 and
13 the 14 esa
14 esa 15 of
14 esa 20 and
15 of 17 feet
16 both 17 feet
17 feet 18 with
18 with 19 eo
20 and 21 ec

these data were associated with a significant increase in the lean mass of lower limbs and a higher number of participants who improved their ability to maintain unipedal static balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 16 and
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 increase
7 significant 8 increase
8 increase 9 in
8 increase 16 and
9 in 15 limbs
10 the 12 mass
11 lean 12 mass
12 mass 13 of
12 mass 15 limbs
13 of 15 limbs
14 lower 15 limbs
16 and 19 number
17 a 19 number
18 higher 19 number
19 number 20 of
20 of 21 participants
21 participants 22 who
21 participants 23 improved
22 who 23 improved
23 improved 25 ability
24 their 25 ability
25 ability 26 to
25 ability 27 maintain
26 to 27 maintain
27 maintain 30 balance
28 unipedal 30 balance
29 static 30 balance

conclusions : our dynamic balance training protocol appears to be feasible , safe and repeatable for older overweight women and to have positive effects in improving their lateral and anterior - posterior postural control , mainly acting on the visual and skeletal muscle components of the balance control system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 5 balance
2 : 8 appears
3 our 5 balance
4 dynamic 5 balance
5 balance 6 training
5 balance 8 appears
6 training 7 protocol
8 appears 9 to
8 appears 20 and
9 to 20 and
10 be 14 and
10 be 20 and
11 feasible 12 ,
12 , 13 safe
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 repeatable
15 repeatable 16 for
16 for 19 women
17 older 19 women
18 overweight 19 women
20 and 21 to
20 and 43 muscle
21 to 22 have
22 have 29 and
23 positive 24 effects
24 effects 25 in
24 effects 29 and
25 in 26 improving
26 improving 28 lateral
27 their 28 lateral
29 and 34 control
29 and 35 ,
29 and 37 acting
30 anterior 31 -
30 anterior 34 control
32 posterior 34 control
33 postural 34 control
36 mainly 37 acting
37 acting 38 on
38 on 41 and
39 the 40 visual
40 visual 41 and
41 and 42 skeletal
43 muscle 44 components
44 components 45 of
45 of 49 system
46 the 49 system
47 balance 49 system
48 control 49 system

cardiopulmonary exercise testing ( cpx ) is a relatively old technology , but has sustained [relevance] for many primary care clinical scenarios in which it is , ironically , rarely considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 cardiopulmonary 2 exercise
2 exercise 3 testing
2 exercise 14 has
2 exercise 15 sustained
3 testing 5 cpx
3 testing 13 but
4 ( 5 cpx
5 cpx 6 )
7 is 11 technology
7 is 13 but
8 a 9 relatively
8 a 11 technology
9 relatively 10 old
10 old 11 technology
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 has
15 sustained 17 for
15 sustained 20 care
17 for 18 many
19 primary 20 care
20 care 22 scenarios
20 care 31 considered
21 clinical 22 scenarios
22 scenarios 23 in
22 scenarios 31 considered
23 in 24 which
23 in 25 it
23 in 26 is
25 it 26 is
27 , 28 ironically
28 ironically 29 ,
28 ironically 31 considered
30 rarely 31 considered

these discrepancies in application are compounded by patterns in which cpx is often administered and interpreted by cardiology , pulmonary , or exercise specialists who limit their assessments to the priorities of their own discipline , thereby missing opportunities to distinguish symptom origins . 
1 these 2 discrepancies
2 discrepancies 3 in
2 discrepancies 5 are
3 in 4 application
5 are 6 compounded
6 compounded 7 by
6 compounded 29 to
7 by 22 or
8 patterns 9 in
8 patterns 19 ,
9 in 10 which
9 in 11 cpx
9 in 15 and
11 cpx 15 and
12 is 14 administered
12 is 15 and
13 often 14 administered
15 and 16 interpreted
15 and 17 by
17 by 18 cardiology
19 , 20 pulmonary
19 , 22 or
21 , 22 or
22 or 24 specialists
22 or 25 who
22 or 26 limit
23 exercise 24 specialists
25 who 26 limit
26 limit 28 assessments
27 their 28 assessments
29 to 31 priorities
30 the 31 priorities
31 priorities 32 of
32 of 35 discipline
33 their 34 own
33 their 35 discipline
35 discipline 39 opportunities
36 , 37 thereby
36 , 39 opportunities
38 missing 39 opportunities
39 opportunities 40 to
39 opportunities 41 distinguish
39 opportunities 44 .
40 to 41 distinguish
41 distinguish 43 origins
42 symptom 43 origins

when used properly , cpx enables the physician to assess fitness and uncover cardiopulmonary issues at earlier phases of work - up , which would therefore be especially useful for primary care physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cpx
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 enables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 when 2 used
1 when 4 ,
1 when 5 cpx
2 used 3 properly
5 cpx 6 enables
6 enables 8 physician
6 enables 9 to
6 enables 16 at
6 enables 22 up
7 the 8 physician
9 to 12 and
10 assess 11 fitness
10 assess 12 and
12 and 13 uncover
13 uncover 15 issues
14 cardiopulmonary 15 issues
16 at 18 phases
17 earlier 18 phases
18 phases 19 of
19 of 20 work
21 - 22 up
22 up 23 ,
23 , 24 which
23 , 27 be
24 which 25 would
25 would 27 be
26 therefore 27 be
27 be 29 useful
28 especially 29 useful
29 useful 30 for
30 for 33 physicians
31 primary 32 care
32 care 33 physicians

in this article , we provide an overview of cpx principles and testing logistics , as well as some of the clinical contexts in which it can enhance patient care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 provide
6 provide 8 overview
7 an 8 overview
8 overview 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 cpx 11 principles
11 principles 12 and
12 and 14 logistics
12 and 18 as
13 testing 14 logistics
15 , 18 as
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 23 contexts
18 as 31 .
19 some 20 of
19 some 23 contexts
20 of 23 contexts
21 the 23 contexts
22 clinical 23 contexts
23 contexts 24 in
24 in 25 which
24 in 26 it
24 in 28 enhance
26 it 27 can
27 can 28 enhance
28 enhance 30 care
29 patient 30 care

epidemiological studies have shown that age is the chief risk factor for lifestyle - related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes , but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increase in the risk of such diseases conferred by aging remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 epidemiological 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 6 age
4 shown 7 is
5 that 6 age
6 age 7 is
7 is 11 factor
8 the 11 factor
9 chief 11 factor
10 risk 11 factor
11 factor 12 for
12 for 13 lifestyle
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 diseases
15 related 18 as
15 related 23 ,
17 such 18 as
18 as 21 and
19 cardiovascular 20 disease
20 disease 21 and
21 and 22 diabetes
24 but 27 mechanisms
24 but 41 remain
25 the 27 mechanisms
26 molecular 27 mechanisms
27 mechanisms 28 that
27 mechanisms 29 underlie
27 mechanisms 41 remain
28 that 29 underlie
29 underlie 31 increase
29 underlie 32 in
29 underlie 39 by
30 the 31 increase
32 in 34 risk
33 the 34 risk
34 risk 35 of
34 risk 38 conferred
35 of 37 diseases
36 such 37 diseases
39 by 40 aging
41 remain 42 unclear

recently , genetic analyses using various animal models have identified molecules that are crucial for aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 analyses
3 genetic 4 analyses
4 analyses 5 using
4 analyses 9 have
5 using 8 models
6 various 7 animal
7 animal 8 models
9 have 10 identified
10 identified 11 molecules
11 molecules 12 that
11 molecules 13 are
12 that 13 are
13 are 14 crucial
14 crucial 15 for
15 for 16 aging

these include components of the dna repair system , the tumor suppressor pathway , the telomere maintenance system , the insulin/akt pathway , and other metabolic pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 3 components
2 include 3 components
3 components 4 of
3 components 9 ,
4 of 8 system
5 the 8 system
6 dna 8 system
7 repair 8 system
9 , 13 pathway
9 , 14 ,
10 the 13 pathway
11 tumor 13 pathway
12 suppressor 13 pathway
14 , 18 system
14 , 19 ,
15 the 18 system
16 telomere 18 system
17 maintenance 18 system
19 , 22 pathway
19 , 24 and
20 the 22 pathway
21 insulin/akt 22 pathway
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 pathways
25 other 27 pathways
26 metabolic 27 pathways

interestingly , most of the molecules that influence the phenotypic changes of aging also regulate cellular senescence , suggesting a causative link between cellular senescence and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 molecules
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 regulate
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 6 molecules
3 most 4 of
3 most 6 molecules
4 of 6 molecules
5 the 6 molecules
6 molecules 7 that
6 molecules 8 influence
6 molecules 15 regulate
7 that 8 influence
8 influence 11 changes
9 the 11 changes
10 phenotypic 11 changes
11 changes 12 of
12 of 13 aging
13 aging 14 also
15 regulate 17 senescence
16 cellular 17 senescence
17 senescence 19 suggesting
18 , 19 suggesting
19 suggesting 22 link
19 suggesting 23 between
19 suggesting 28 .
20 a 21 causative
20 a 22 link
21 causative 22 link
23 between 26 and
24 cellular 25 senescence
25 senescence 26 and
26 and 27 aging

this review examines the hypothesis that cellular senescence might contribute to lifestyle - related disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 5 hypothesis
4 the 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 6 that
6 that 8 senescence
6 that 10 contribute
7 cellular 8 senescence
8 senescence 9 might
9 might 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
11 to 12 lifestyle
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 disease
14 related 16 .

in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , the cerebral pathological changes begin many years before the clinical manifestation of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 begin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 4 disease
1 in 8 ,
1 in 12 changes
2 alzheimer 3 's
3 's 4 disease
4 disease 6 ad
5 ( 6 ad
6 ad 7 )
9 the 12 changes
10 cerebral 12 changes
11 pathological 12 changes
12 changes 13 begin
13 begin 16 before
14 many 15 years
15 years 16 before
16 before 19 manifestation
17 the 19 manifestation
18 clinical 19 manifestation
19 manifestation 20 of
20 of 22 disease
21 the 22 disease

biomarkers for ad , such as the cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) concentrations of amyloid - β1 - 42 ( aβ1 - 42 ) and tau phosphorylated at [threonine] 181 ( ptau181 ) , may reflect these cerebral changes relatively early . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 β1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 biomarkers 2 for
1 biomarkers 17 β1
2 for 3 ad
3 ad 6 as
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 13 concentrations
6 as 16 -
7 the 13 concentrations
8 cerebrospinal 13 concentrations
9 fluid 11 csf
9 fluid 12 )
9 fluid 13 concentrations
10 ( 11 csf
11 csf 12 )
13 concentrations 14 of
14 of 15 amyloid
18 - 19 42
18 - 36 reflect
18 - 42 .
19 42 25 and
19 42 35 may
20 ( 25 and
21 aβ1 23 42
21 aβ1 25 and
22 - 23 42
23 42 24 )
25 and 26 tau
25 and 27 phosphorylated
25 and 32 ptau181
25 and 34 ,
27 phosphorylated 28 at
28 at 30 181
31 ( 32 ptau181
32 ptau181 33 )
35 may 36 reflect
36 reflect 39 changes
36 reflect 41 early
37 these 39 changes
38 cerebral 39 changes
40 relatively 41 early

accordingly , cognitively healthy subjects at risk for ad often have altered csf concentrations of aβ1 - [42] and ptau181 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 5 subjects
3 cognitively 4 healthy
4 healthy 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 at
5 subjects 11 have
6 at 7 risk
7 risk 8 for
8 for 9 ad
10 often 11 have
11 have 12 altered
12 altered 19 and
13 csf 14 concentrations
14 concentrations 15 of
14 concentrations 19 and
15 of 16 aβ1
17 - 19 and
19 and 20 ptau181

in this study , we assessed the effects and interaction of two strong risk factors for ad , aging and the presence of the apoeε4 allele , on the csf aβ1 [-] 42 and ptau181 concentrations in 280 adults with normal cognition across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 assessed
6 assessed 9 and
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 and
9 and 10 interaction
9 and 18 ,
10 interaction 11 of
10 interaction 16 for
11 of 12 two
12 two 14 risk
12 two 15 factors
13 strong 14 risk
14 risk 15 factors
16 for 17 ad
18 , 34 and
19 aging 20 and
20 and 22 presence
20 and 27 ,
20 and 28 on
20 and 34 and
21 the 22 presence
22 presence 23 of
23 of 26 allele
24 the 26 allele
25 apoeε4 26 allele
28 on 31 aβ1
29 the 31 aβ1
30 csf 31 aβ1
31 aβ1 33 42
34 and 36 concentrations
34 and 46 .
35 ptau181 36 concentrations
36 concentrations 37 in
37 in 39 adults
38 280 39 adults
39 adults 40 with
39 adults 43 across
40 with 42 cognition
41 normal 42 cognition
43 across 45 lifespan
44 the 45 lifespan

for comparison , we further included 152 patients with probable ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 for 2 comparison
1 for 3 ,
1 for 4 we
4 we 6 included
5 further 6 included
6 included 8 patients
6 included 9 with
7 152 8 patients
9 with 11 ad
10 probable 11 ad

we found significant effects of age on the csf aβ1 - 42 and ptau181 , and [of] the apoeε4 genotype on the aβ1 - 42 levels in the cognitively normal participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 effects
2 found 7 on
3 significant 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
5 of 6 age
7 on 10 aβ1
8 the 10 aβ1
9 csf 10 aβ1
11 - 12 42
11 - 13 and
11 - 32 .
13 and 16 and
13 and 20 genotype
14 ptau181 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 apoeε4
16 and 20 genotype
18 the 19 apoeε4
20 genotype 21 on
20 genotype 26 levels
21 on 23 aβ1
22 the 23 aβ1
24 - 25 42
25 42 26 levels
26 levels 27 in
27 in 31 participants
28 the 31 participants
29 cognitively 30 normal
30 normal 31 participants

carrying the apoeε4 allele was associated with a significant decrease of the aβ1 - 42 concentrations in middle [-] aged and older participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 carrying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 carrying 4 allele
1 carrying 5 was
1 carrying 6 associated
2 the 4 allele
3 apoeε4 4 allele
4 allele 5 was
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 17 in
7 with 10 decrease
7 with 16 concentrations
8 a 9 significant
8 a 10 decrease
9 significant 10 decrease
10 decrease 11 of
11 of 13 aβ1
12 the 13 aβ1
14 - 15 42
15 42 16 concentrations
17 in 23 participants
18 middle 23 participants
20 aged 21 and
21 and 22 older
21 and 23 participants

in the group of participants with ad , the aβ1 - 42 levels were significantly lower in the apoeε4 carriers compared to the [non] [-] carriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 5 participants
1 in 14 were
2 the 3 group
3 group 4 of
3 group 5 participants
4 of 5 participants
5 participants 6 with
6 with 7 ad
7 ad 10 aβ1
8 , 10 aβ1
9 the 10 aβ1
10 aβ1 11 -
12 42 13 levels
13 levels 14 were
14 were 16 lower
15 significantly 16 lower
16 lower 17 in
17 in 19 apoeε4
18 the 19 apoeε4
19 apoeε4 20 carriers
19 apoeε4 21 compared
20 carriers 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
22 to 26 carriers
23 the 26 carriers

these findings demonstrate significant age effects on the csf aβ1 - [42] and ptau181 across lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 6 effects
3 demonstrate 7 on
3 demonstrate 15 across
4 significant 5 age
5 age 6 effects
7 on 13 and
8 the 10 aβ1
9 csf 10 aβ1
10 aβ1 13 and
11 - 13 and
13 and 14 ptau181
15 across 16 lifespan

they also suggest that the decrease of aβ1 - 42 , but not the increase of ptau181 csf levels is accelerated by the apoeε4 [genotype] in middle [-] aged and older adults with normal cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 they 3 suggest
2 also 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 decrease
4 that 21 accelerated
5 the 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 of
6 decrease 12 but
6 decrease 20 is
7 of 8 aβ1
8 aβ1 10 42
9 - 10 42
10 42 11 ,
12 but 13 not
12 but 15 increase
14 the 15 increase
15 increase 16 of
16 of 19 levels
17 ptau181 19 levels
18 csf 19 levels
20 is 21 accelerated
21 accelerated 22 by
22 by 24 apoeε4
23 the 24 apoeε4
24 apoeε4 26 in
24 apoeε4 33 with
26 in 32 adults
27 middle 32 adults
29 aged 30 and
30 and 31 older
30 and 32 adults
33 with 35 cognition
34 normal 35 cognition

studies in mammals have led to the suggestion that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are important factors in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 studies 2 in
1 studies 4 have
2 in 3 mammals
4 have 5 led
5 led 6 to
5 led 16 in
6 to 8 suggestion
7 the 8 suggestion
8 suggestion 9 that
9 that 11 and
9 that 13 are
10 hyperglycemia 11 and
11 and 12 hyperinsulinemia
11 and 13 are
13 are 15 factors
14 important 15 factors
16 in 17 aging

insulin/insulin - like growth factor 1 ( igf - 1 ) signaling molecules that have been linked to longevity include daf - 2 and inr and their homologues in mammals , and inactivation of the corresponding genes increases life span in nematodes , fruit flies and mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 insulin/insulin 3 like
1 insulin/insulin 12 signaling
1 insulin/insulin 32 and
2 - 3 like
3 like 5 factor
3 like 11 )
4 growth 5 factor
5 factor 6 1
5 factor 8 igf
7 ( 8 igf
8 igf 10 1
8 igf 11 )
9 - 10 1
10 1 11 )
12 signaling 13 molecules
12 signaling 18 to
13 molecules 14 that
13 molecules 15 have
14 that 15 have
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 linked
18 to 21 daf
19 longevity 20 include
20 include 21 daf
21 daf 26 and
22 - 26 and
23 2 24 and
24 and 25 inr
25 inr 26 and
26 and 28 homologues
26 and 29 in
26 and 31 ,
27 their 28 homologues
29 in 30 mammals
32 and 33 inactivation
32 and 34 of
34 of 46 and
35 the 40 span
36 corresponding 37 genes
37 genes 40 span
38 increases 40 span
39 life 40 span
40 span 41 in
40 span 43 ,
41 in 42 nematodes
43 , 45 flies
43 , 46 and
44 fruit 45 flies
46 and 47 mice

it is possible that the life [-] prolonging effect [of] caloric restriction is due to decreasing igf - 1 levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 12 restriction
4 that 13 is
5 the 12 restriction
6 life 12 restriction
8 prolonging 12 restriction
9 effect 12 restriction
11 caloric 12 restriction
12 restriction 13 is
13 is 14 due
14 due 15 to
15 to 16 decreasing
16 decreasing 17 igf
17 igf 20 levels
18 - 20 levels
19 1 20 levels
20 levels 21 .

evidence has [emerged] that antidiabetic drugs are promising candidates for both life span extension and prevention of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 evidence 2 has
2 has 6 drugs
2 has 7 are
4 that 5 antidiabetic
5 antidiabetic 6 drugs
7 are 9 candidates
8 promising 9 candidates
9 candidates 10 for
10 for 15 and
11 both 15 and
12 life 14 extension
13 span 14 extension
14 extension 15 and
15 and 16 prevention
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 cancer

thus , antidiabetic drugs postpone spontaneous carcinogenesis in mice and rats , as well as chemical and radiation carcinogenesis in mice , rats and hamsters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 postpone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 drugs
3 antidiabetic 4 drugs
4 drugs 5 postpone
5 postpone 7 carcinogenesis
5 postpone 8 in
5 postpone 15 as
6 spontaneous 7 carcinogenesis
8 in 10 and
9 mice 10 and
10 and 11 rats
12 , 15 as
13 as 14 well
14 well 15 as
15 as 17 and
15 as 22 ,
16 chemical 17 and
17 and 19 carcinogenesis
18 radiation 19 carcinogenesis
19 carcinogenesis 20 in
20 in 21 mice
22 , 24 and
23 rats 24 and
24 and 25 hamsters

furthermore metformin seems to decrease cancer risk in diabetic patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 metformin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 furthermore 2 metformin
2 metformin 3 seems
3 seems 4 to
3 seems 5 decrease
4 to 5 decrease
5 decrease 7 risk
5 decrease 8 in
6 cancer 7 risk
8 in 10 patients
9 diabetic 10 patients

tissue and organ rejuvenation and senescence/aging are closely related to the function of stem cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 tissue 2 and
2 and 4 rejuvenation
2 and 5 and
3 organ 4 rejuvenation
5 and 6 senescence/aging
5 and 7 are
7 are 8 closely
7 are 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 12 function
11 the 12 function
12 function 13 of
13 of 15 cells
14 stem 15 cells

recently , we demonstrated that a population of pluripotent [oct] - 4+ ssea - 1+sca - 1+lin - cd45 - very [small] embryonic - like stem cells ( vsels ) resides in the adult murine bone marrow ( bm [ )(and other murine tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 7 population
5 that 31 resides
6 a 7 population
7 population 8 of
7 population 13 ssea
7 population 19 cd45
7 population 31 resides
8 of 9 pluripotent
11 - 13 ssea
12 4+ 13 ssea
13 ssea 14 -
14 - 19 cd45
15 1+sca 17 1+lin
15 1+sca 18 -
15 1+sca 19 cd45
16 - 17 1+lin
17 1+lin 18 -
19 cd45 23 embryonic
19 cd45 30 )
20 - 23 embryonic
21 very 23 embryonic
23 embryonic 25 like
23 embryonic 30 )
24 - 25 like
25 like 27 cells
25 like 30 )
26 stem 27 cells
27 cells 29 vsels
28 ( 29 vsels
29 vsels 30 )
31 resides 32 in
32 in 37 marrow
33 the 37 marrow
34 adult 35 murine
35 murine 37 marrow
36 bone 37 marrow
37 marrow 41 )(and
38 ( 41 )(and
39 bm 41 )(and
41 )(and 44 tissues
41 )(and 45 .
42 other 44 tissues
43 murine 44 tissues

we hypothesize that these pluripotent stem cells play an important role in tissue/organ rejuvenation , and have demonstrated that their proliferation and potentially premature depletion is negatively controlled by epigenetic changes of some imprinted genes that regulate insulin factor signaling ( igf2 - h19 locus , igf2r and rasgrf1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 we 16 and
2 hypothesize 3 that
2 hypothesize 16 and
3 that 7 cells
3 that 8 play
4 these 7 cells
5 pluripotent 7 cells
6 stem 7 cells
7 cells 8 play
8 play 11 role
8 play 12 in
9 an 11 role
10 important 11 role
12 in 14 rejuvenation
13 tissue/organ 14 rejuvenation
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 have
17 have 18 demonstrated
18 demonstrated 25 depletion
18 demonstrated 39 factor
19 that 25 depletion
20 their 21 proliferation
21 proliferation 22 and
22 and 23 potentially
22 and 24 premature
22 and 25 depletion
25 depletion 26 is
26 is 27 negatively
26 is 28 controlled
28 controlled 29 by
29 by 31 changes
30 epigenetic 31 changes
31 changes 32 of
32 of 33 some
33 some 34 imprinted
33 some 35 genes
33 some 39 factor
35 genes 36 that
35 genes 37 regulate
35 genes 39 factor
36 that 37 regulate
37 regulate 38 insulin
39 factor 40 signaling
40 signaling 42 igf2
40 signaling 48 and
41 ( 42 igf2
42 igf2 43 -
43 - 48 and
44 h19 45 locus
45 locus 46 ,
46 , 47 igf2r
46 , 48 and
48 and 49 rasgrf1
48 and 50 )

in contrast , a decrease in ins/igf stimulation of vsels [that] extends the half life of these cells in adult organs would have a beneficial effect on life span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 extends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 decrease
4 a 5 decrease
5 decrease 6 in
5 decrease 12 extends
6 in 8 stimulation
7 ins/igf 8 stimulation
8 stimulation 9 of
9 of 10 vsels
12 extends 14 half
13 the 14 half
14 half 15 life
14 half 29 span
15 life 16 of
15 life 22 would
16 of 18 cells
17 these 18 cells
18 cells 19 in
19 in 21 organs
20 adult 21 organs
22 would 23 have
23 have 26 effect
23 have 27 on
23 have 29 span
24 a 25 beneficial
24 a 26 effect
25 beneficial 26 effect
27 on 28 life

our preliminary data in long - living igf - 1 - signaling - deficient mice show that these animals possess a 3 - 4 times higher number of vsels deposited in adult bm , lending support to this novel hypothesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 show
1 our 3 data
2 preliminary 3 data
3 data 4 in
3 data 16 show
4 in 15 mice
5 long 8 igf
5 long 13 -
5 long 15 mice
6 - 8 igf
7 living 8 igf
8 igf 10 1
8 igf 12 signaling
8 igf 13 -
9 - 10 1
10 1 11 -
11 - 12 signaling
12 signaling 13 -
14 deficient 15 mice
16 show 17 that
17 that 19 animals
17 that 20 possess
18 these 19 animals
19 animals 20 possess
20 possess 29 vsels
20 possess 31 in
20 possess 35 lending
21 a 27 number
22 3 23 -
23 - 24 4
23 - 25 times
25 times 26 higher
26 higher 27 number
27 number 28 of
27 number 29 vsels
28 of 29 vsels
29 vsels 30 deposited
31 in 33 bm
32 adult 33 bm
34 , 35 lending
35 lending 36 support
35 lending 37 to
35 lending 41 .
37 to 40 hypothesis
38 this 40 hypothesis
39 novel 40 hypothesis

none cardiac failure is the most prevalent cause of death at higher age , and is commonly associated with impaired energy homeostasis in the heart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 none 3 failure
1 none 15 and
1 none 20 impaired
2 cardiac 3 failure
3 failure 15 and
4 is 8 cause
4 is 15 and
5 the 8 cause
6 most 7 prevalent
7 prevalent 8 cause
8 cause 9 of
9 of 10 death
10 death 11 at
11 at 13 age
12 higher 13 age
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 is
15 and 19 with
16 is 18 associated
17 commonly 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
20 impaired 22 homeostasis
20 impaired 23 in
21 energy 22 homeostasis
23 in 25 heart
24 the 25 heart

mitochondrial metabolism appears critical to sustain cardiac function [to] [counteract] aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 metabolism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 mitochondrial 2 metabolism
2 metabolism 3 appears
3 appears 4 critical
4 critical 5 to
5 to 6 sustain
6 sustain 11 aging
7 cardiac 8 function
8 function 11 aging

in this study , we generated mice transgenically [over] - expressing the mitochondrial protein frataxin , which promotes mitochondrial energy conversion by controlling iron - sulfur - cluster biogenesis and hereby mitochondrial electron flux . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 generated
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 generated
6 generated 7 mice
6 generated 8 transgenically
6 generated 11 expressing
10 - 11 expressing
11 expressing 15 frataxin
11 expressing 35 .
12 the 15 frataxin
13 mitochondrial 14 protein
14 protein 15 frataxin
15 frataxin 17 which
15 frataxin 26 sulfur
15 frataxin 30 and
16 , 17 which
17 which 18 promotes
17 which 25 -
18 promotes 21 conversion
19 mitochondrial 20 energy
20 energy 21 conversion
21 conversion 22 by
22 by 23 controlling
23 controlling 24 iron
25 - 26 sulfur
26 sulfur 27 -
27 - 30 and
28 cluster 29 biogenesis
29 biogenesis 30 and
30 and 34 flux
30 and 35 .
31 hereby 32 mitochondrial
32 mitochondrial 33 electron
33 electron 34 flux

hearts of transgenic mice displayed increased mitochondrial energy metabolism and induced stress defense mechanisms , while overall oxidative stress was decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hearts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 stress
1 hearts 2 of
1 hearts 12 stress
2 of 4 mice
3 transgenic 4 mice
4 mice 5 displayed
4 mice 10 and
6 increased 9 metabolism
6 increased 10 and
7 mitochondrial 8 energy
8 energy 9 metabolism
10 and 11 induced
12 stress 14 mechanisms
12 stress 16 while
13 defense 14 mechanisms
15 , 16 while
16 while 19 stress
16 while 21 decreased
16 while 22 .
17 overall 19 stress
18 oxidative 19 stress
19 stress 20 was
20 was 21 decreased
21 decreased 22 .

following standardized exposure to doxorubicin to induce experimental cardiomyopathy , cardiac function and survival was significantly improved in the transgenic mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 following
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 following 3 exposure
1 following 4 to
1 following 6 to
1 following 15 was
2 standardized 3 exposure
4 to 5 doxorubicin
6 to 7 induce
7 induce 13 and
8 experimental 9 cardiomyopathy
9 cardiomyopathy 10 ,
10 , 12 function
10 , 13 and
11 cardiac 12 function
13 and 14 survival
15 was 17 improved
16 significantly 17 improved
17 improved 18 in
18 in 21 mice
19 the 21 mice
20 transgenic 21 mice

the [insulin/igf] - 1 signaling cascade is an important pathway that regulates survival following cytotoxic stress through the downstream targets protein kinase b , akt , and glycogen synthase kinase 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cascade
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 1
3 - 4 1
4 1 6 cascade
5 signaling 6 cascade
6 cascade 7 is
7 is 10 pathway
8 an 9 important
8 an 10 pathway
9 important 10 pathway
10 pathway 11 that
10 pathway 12 regulates
11 that 12 regulates
12 regulates 16 stress
12 regulates 17 through
13 survival 14 following
14 following 16 stress
15 cytotoxic 16 stress
17 through 30 kinase
18 the 22 kinase
19 downstream 20 targets
20 targets 22 kinase
21 protein 22 kinase
22 kinase 23 b
22 kinase 24 ,
24 , 25 akt
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 synthase
27 and 30 kinase
28 glycogen 29 synthase
30 kinase 31 3

activation of this cascade is markedly inhibited in the hearts of wild - type mice following induction of cardiomyopathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 activation 2 of
1 activation 5 is
2 of 4 cascade
3 this 4 cascade
5 is 7 inhibited
6 markedly 7 inhibited
7 inhibited 8 in
8 in 10 hearts
9 the 10 hearts
10 hearts 11 of
11 of 15 mice
12 wild 13 -
12 wild 14 type
14 type 15 mice
15 mice 16 following
16 following 17 induction
17 induction 18 of
18 of 19 cardiomyopathy

by contrast , transgenic overexpression of frataxin rescues impaired insulin/igf [-] 1 signaling and provides a mechanism to explain enhanced cardiac stress resistance in transgenic mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 overexpression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 3 ,
1 by 5 overexpression
4 transgenic 5 overexpression
5 overexpression 6 of
5 overexpression 14 and
6 of 7 frataxin
8 rescues 10 insulin/igf
8 rescues 14 and
9 impaired 10 insulin/igf
10 insulin/igf 12 1
10 insulin/igf 13 signaling
14 and 15 provides
15 provides 17 mechanism
15 provides 18 to
16 a 17 mechanism
18 to 19 explain
19 explain 23 resistance
20 enhanced 22 stress
21 cardiac 22 stress
22 stress 23 resistance
23 resistance 24 in
24 in 26 mice
25 transgenic 26 mice

taken together , these findings suggest that increased mitochondrial metabolism elicits an adaptive response due to mildly increased oxidative stress as a consequence of increased oxidative energy conversion , previously named mitohormesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 these 5 findings
5 findings 6 suggest
6 suggest 10 metabolism
6 suggest 11 elicits
7 that 8 increased
8 increased 10 metabolism
9 mitochondrial 10 metabolism
10 metabolism 11 elicits
11 elicits 14 response
11 elicits 16 to
11 elicits 21 as
12 an 14 response
13 adaptive 14 response
15 due 16 to
16 to 20 stress
17 mildly 18 increased
18 increased 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress
21 as 23 consequence
22 a 23 consequence
23 consequence 24 of
24 of 28 conversion
25 increased 27 energy
26 oxidative 27 energy
27 energy 28 conversion
29 , 32 mitohormesis
30 previously 31 named
31 named 32 mitohormesis

this in turn activates protective mechanisms which counteract cardiotoxic stress and promote survival in states of experimental cardiomyopathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 4 activates
2 in 3 turn
3 turn 4 activates
4 activates 6 mechanisms
5 protective 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 which
6 mechanisms 11 and
7 which 11 and
8 counteract 10 stress
8 counteract 11 and
9 cardiotoxic 10 stress
11 and 12 promote
12 promote 13 survival
12 promote 14 in
14 in 15 states
15 states 16 of
16 of 18 cardiomyopathy
17 experimental 18 cardiomyopathy

thus , induction of mitochondrial metabolism may be considered part of a generally protective mechanism to prevent cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 induction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 induction
3 induction 4 of
3 induction 7 may
4 of 6 metabolism
5 mitochondrial 6 metabolism
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 considered
9 considered 10 part
9 considered 16 to
9 considered 17 prevent
10 part 11 of
11 of 15 mechanism
12 a 15 mechanism
13 generally 14 protective
14 protective 15 mechanism
16 to 17 prevent
17 prevent 21 failure
18 cardiomyopathy 19 and
19 and 20 cardiac
19 and 21 failure

objective : substance abuse among older adults is a looming public health concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 abuse
2 : 8 is
2 : 14 .
3 substance 4 abuse
4 abuse 5 among
4 abuse 8 is
5 among 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 is 13 concern
9 a 13 concern
10 looming 11 public
11 public 13 concern
12 health 13 concern

the number of americans aged 50+ years with a substance use disorder is projected to double from 2.8 million in 2002 - 2006 to 5.7 million in 2020 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 50+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 5 aged
2 number 6 50+
3 of 4 americans
6 50+ 7 years
6 50+ 24 to
7 years 12 disorder
7 years 14 projected
8 with 11 use
8 with 12 disorder
9 a 11 use
10 substance 11 use
12 disorder 13 is
13 is 14 projected
14 projected 15 to
14 projected 22 -
15 to 16 double
16 double 17 from
17 from 20 in
18 2.8 19 million
19 million 20 in
21 2002 22 -
22 - 23 2006
24 to 26 million
25 5.7 26 million
26 million 27 in
27 in 28 2020

the authors provide a review of epidemiological findings for this understudied area of research by focusing on illicit drug use disorders and nonmedical use of prescription drugs among adults aged 50+ years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 provide
3 provide 5 review
3 provide 15 by
4 a 5 review
5 review 6 of
5 review 13 of
6 of 8 findings
7 epidemiological 8 findings
8 findings 9 for
9 for 12 area
10 this 12 area
11 understudied 12 area
13 of 14 research
15 by 16 focusing
16 focusing 17 on
17 on 21 disorders
18 illicit 19 drug
19 drug 20 use
20 use 21 disorders
22 and 24 use
22 and 30 aged
23 nonmedical 24 use
24 use 25 of
24 use 30 aged
25 of 27 drugs
26 prescription 27 drugs
27 drugs 28 among
28 among 29 adults
30 aged 32 years
31 50+ 32 years

method : medline and psychinfo were searched using keywords drug use , drug abuse , drug misuse , substance use disorder , and prescription drug abuse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 searched
3 medline 4 and
4 and 5 psychinfo
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 searched
7 searched 8 using
8 using 9 keywords
9 keywords 23 and
9 keywords 25 drug
10 drug 11 use
11 use 12 ,
12 , 14 abuse
12 , 15 ,
13 drug 14 abuse
15 , 17 misuse
15 , 18 ,
16 drug 17 misuse
18 , 21 disorder
18 , 23 and
19 substance 20 use
20 use 21 disorder
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 prescription
23 and 25 drug
25 drug 26 abuse

using the related [-] articles link , additional articles were screened for inclusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 using 6 link
1 using 7 ,
1 using 9 articles
2 the 6 link
3 related 5 articles
5 articles 6 link
8 additional 9 articles
9 articles 10 were
10 were 11 screened
11 screened 12 for
12 for 13 inclusion

this review included articles published between 1990 and 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 included
3 included 4 articles
4 articles 5 published
5 published 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 1990 8 and
8 and 9 2010

result : none results : rates of treatment admissions involving primary use of illicit and misuse of prescription drugs have increased , while rates involving primary use of alcohol only have decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 result 2 :
2 : 3 none
3 none 4 results
3 none 10 involving
4 results 5 :
5 : 6 rates
6 rates 7 of
6 rates 10 involving
7 of 9 admissions
8 treatment 9 admissions
10 involving 12 use
11 primary 12 use
12 use 13 of
12 use 19 drugs
12 use 21 increased
13 of 15 and
14 illicit 15 and
15 and 16 misuse
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 prescription
19 drugs 20 have
20 have 21 increased
21 increased 23 while
22 , 23 while
23 while 24 rates
23 while 32 decreased
23 while 33 .
24 rates 25 involving
24 rates 31 have
25 involving 27 use
25 involving 30 only
26 primary 27 use
27 use 28 of
28 of 29 alcohol
31 have 32 decreased

alcohol , opioids/heroin , and cocaine were more likely than other substances to be associated with treatment use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 alcohol 2 ,
2 , 3 opioids/heroin
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 cocaine
5 and 7 were
7 were 9 likely
8 more 9 likely
9 likely 10 than
9 likely 13 to
9 likely 15 associated
10 than 12 substances
11 other 12 substances
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 use
17 treatment 18 use

limited research data suggested the effectiveness of treatments , especially for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
1 limited 2 research
2 research 3 data
3 data 4 suggested
4 suggested 6 effectiveness
5 the 6 effectiveness
6 effectiveness 7 of
7 of 8 treatments
8 treatments 11 for
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 for
11 for 12 women
11 for 13 .

furthermore , older adults appeared to be less likely than younger adults to perceive substance use as problematic or to use treatment services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 19 or
5 appeared 6 to
5 appeared 18 problematic
5 appeared 19 or
6 to 7 be
7 be 12 adults
7 be 13 to
8 less 9 likely
9 likely 12 adults
10 than 11 younger
11 younger 12 adults
13 to 14 perceive
14 perceive 16 use
15 substance 16 use
17 as 18 problematic
19 or 20 to
19 or 23 services
20 to 21 use
21 use 22 treatment

discussion : there is robust evidence showing that an increased number of older adults will need substance abuse care in the coming decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 24 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
5 robust 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 showing
7 showing 8 that
8 that 11 number
8 that 16 need
9 an 11 number
10 increased 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 15 will
12 of 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 will 16 need
16 need 19 care
16 need 20 in
17 substance 18 abuse
18 abuse 19 care
20 in 23 decades
21 the 23 decades
22 coming 23 decades

increasing demands on the substance abuse treatment system will require expansion of treatment facilities and development of effective service programs to address emerging needs of the aging drug - using population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 require
1 increasing 2 demands
1 increasing 3 on
1 increasing 9 will
3 on 8 system
4 the 8 system
5 substance 6 abuse
6 abuse 8 system
7 treatment 8 system
9 will 10 require
10 require 15 and
10 require 21 to
10 require 22 address
11 expansion 12 of
11 expansion 15 and
12 of 14 facilities
13 treatment 14 facilities
15 and 16 development
15 and 17 of
17 of 20 programs
18 effective 19 service
19 service 20 programs
21 to 22 address
22 address 24 needs
22 address 30 using
23 emerging 24 needs
24 needs 25 of
25 of 28 drug
26 the 28 drug
27 aging 28 drug
29 - 30 using
30 using 31 population
30 using 32 .

objective : this study examined unmet needs for home - and community - based services ( hcbs ) among frail older americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 examined
2 : 7 needs
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 examined
5 examined 6 unmet
5 examined 7 needs
6 unmet 7 needs
7 needs 8 for
8 for 11 and
9 home 11 and
10 - 11 and
11 and 12 community
11 and 13 -
11 and 14 based
14 based 15 services
14 based 19 among
15 services 17 hcbs
16 ( 17 hcbs
17 hcbs 18 )
19 among 22 americans
20 frail 22 americans
21 older 22 americans

method : using population - based [sample] from the national long - term care survey , a hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictors of unmet needs for seven types of hcbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 19 logistic
2 : 23 conducted
2 : 36 .
3 using 4 population
3 using 6 based
3 using 16 ,
3 using 19 logistic
5 - 6 based
6 based 8 from
6 based 16 ,
8 from 11 long
9 the 11 long
10 national 11 long
11 long 15 survey
12 - 15 survey
13 term 14 care
14 care 15 survey
15 survey 16 ,
17 a 19 logistic
18 hierarchical 19 logistic
19 logistic 21 analysis
19 logistic 22 was
19 logistic 23 conducted
20 regression 21 analysis
21 analysis 22 was
23 conducted 24 to
23 conducted 31 for
24 to 25 examine
25 examine 27 predictors
26 the 27 predictors
27 predictors 28 of
28 of 30 needs
29 unmet 30 needs
31 for 35 hcbs
32 seven 33 types
33 types 34 of
33 types 35 hcbs
34 of 35 hcbs

results : lack of awareness , reluctance , unavailability , and affordability of services were the main reasons for unmet needs for hcbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 15 were
2 : 24 .
3 lack 4 of
3 lack 11 and
4 of 5 awareness
5 awareness 7 reluctance
6 , 7 reluctance
7 reluctance 9 unavailability
7 reluctance 10 ,
8 , 9 unavailability
9 unavailability 10 ,
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 affordability
11 and 13 of
11 and 15 were
13 of 14 services
15 were 18 reasons
16 the 17 main
16 the 18 reasons
18 reasons 19 for
19 for 21 needs
20 unmet 21 needs
21 needs 22 for
22 for 23 hcbs

factors that were associated with unmet needs included black race/ethnicity , greater care needs ( functional limitations and behavioral problems ) , and less informal support ( substitute help and family agreement ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 factors 2 that
1 factors 3 were
1 factors 8 included
2 that 3 were
3 were 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 needs
6 unmet 7 needs
8 included 10 race/ethnicity
9 black 10 race/ethnicity
10 race/ethnicity 14 needs
11 , 14 needs
12 greater 14 needs
13 care 14 needs
14 needs 23 and
14 needs 33 )
15 ( 23 and
16 functional 17 limitations
17 limitations 18 and
18 and 20 problems
18 and 21 )
18 and 23 and
19 behavioral 20 problems
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 support
23 and 30 and
23 and 33 )
24 less 25 informal
25 informal 26 support
27 ( 30 and
28 substitute 29 help
29 help 30 and
30 and 32 agreement
30 and 33 )
31 family 32 agreement

discussion : it is important to identify risk factors that may lead to older adults ' unmet needs for hcbs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 4 is
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 to
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 9 factors
7 identify 13 to
7 identify 19 for
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 10 that
9 factors 12 lead
10 that 11 may
11 may 12 lead
13 to 18 needs
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 '
16 ' 18 needs
17 unmet 18 needs
19 for 20 hcbs

the findings of this study charge researchers to look beyond service utilization and give more attention to service needs among those who did or could not access the services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 charge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 of
2 findings 6 charge
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 charge 7 researchers
6 charge 8 to
6 charge 17 to
8 to 13 and
9 look 10 beyond
9 look 13 and
10 beyond 12 utilization
11 service 12 utilization
13 and 14 give
13 and 16 attention
15 more 16 attention
17 to 19 needs
18 service 19 needs
19 needs 20 among
19 needs 22 who
19 needs 24 or
20 among 21 those
22 who 24 or
23 did 24 or
24 or 25 could
25 could 26 not
25 could 27 access
27 access 29 services
28 the 29 services

luteinizing hormone [(] lh [ )(administered in pharmacological amounts downregulates leydig cell steroidogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 luteinizing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 downregulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 luteinizing 4 lh
1 luteinizing 10 downregulates
2 hormone 4 lh
4 lh 6 )(administered
6 )(administered 7 in
7 in 9 amounts
8 pharmacological 9 amounts
10 downregulates 13 steroidogenesis
11 leydig 13 steroidogenesis
12 cell 13 steroidogenesis

whether reversible downregulation of physiological gonadotropin [drive] operates in vivo is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whether
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 whether 3 downregulation
1 whether 8 operates
1 whether 11 is
2 reversible 3 downregulation
3 downregulation 4 of
3 downregulation 8 operates
4 of 6 gonadotropin
5 physiological 6 gonadotropin
9 in 10 vivo
10 vivo 11 is
11 is 12 unknown

most of the analytical models of dose [-] response functions that have been constructed are biased by the assumption that no downregulation exists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 biased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 5 models
2 of 5 models
3 the 5 models
4 analytical 5 models
5 models 6 of
5 models 15 are
6 of 10 functions
7 dose 10 functions
9 response 10 functions
10 functions 11 that
10 functions 12 have
11 that 12 have
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 constructed
15 are 16 biased
16 biased 17 by
17 by 19 assumption
18 the 19 assumption
19 assumption 20 that
20 that 22 downregulation
20 that 23 exists
21 no 22 downregulation
22 downregulation 23 exists

the present study employs a new analytical platform to quantify potential ( but not required ) pulsatile cycles of lh - testosterone ( t ) dose - response stimulation , desensitization , and recovery [(] pulse - by [-] pulse hysteresis ) in 26 healthy men sampled every 10 min for 24 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 employs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 employs
4 employs 8 platform
4 employs 9 to
4 employs 10 quantify
5 a 6 new
5 a 8 platform
6 new 8 platform
7 analytical 8 platform
9 to 10 quantify
10 quantify 11 potential
10 quantify 13 but
12 ( 13 but
13 but 14 not
13 but 17 pulsatile
13 but 30 ,
14 not 15 required
15 required 16 )
17 pulsatile 18 cycles
17 pulsatile 26 dose
17 pulsatile 29 stimulation
18 cycles 19 of
18 cycles 26 dose
19 of 20 lh
20 lh 22 testosterone
21 - 22 testosterone
22 testosterone 24 t
22 testosterone 25 )
23 ( 24 t
24 t 25 )
27 - 29 stimulation
28 response 29 stimulation
29 stimulation 30 ,
30 , 33 and
30 , 36 pulse
31 desensitization 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 recovery
33 and 36 pulse
36 pulse 38 by
36 pulse 43 in
37 - 38 by
38 by 41 hysteresis
38 by 42 )
40 pulse 41 hysteresis
43 in 44 26
44 26 46 men
44 26 47 sampled
45 healthy 46 men
46 men 47 sampled
47 sampled 50 min
47 sampled 51 for
48 every 49 10
49 10 50 min
51 for 53 h
52 24 53 h

a sensitivity - downregulation hysteresis construct predicted marked hysteresis with a median time delay to lh [dose] - response inflection within individual t pulses of 23 min and with median t pulse onset [and] recovery lh sensitivities of 1.1 and 0.10 slope unit , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 a 2 sensitivity
3 - 4 downregulation
4 downregulation 5 hysteresis
4 downregulation 6 construct
5 hysteresis 6 construct
6 construct 9 hysteresis
6 construct 15 to
6 construct 45 respectively
6 construct 48 <
7 predicted 9 hysteresis
8 marked 9 hysteresis
9 hysteresis 10 with
10 with 14 delay
11 a 14 delay
12 median 14 delay
13 time 14 delay
15 to 16 lh
16 lh 20 inflection
18 - 20 inflection
19 response 20 inflection
20 inflection 28 and
20 inflection 44 ,
21 within 24 pulses
21 within 28 and
22 individual 23 t
22 individual 24 pulses
24 pulses 25 of
25 of 27 min
26 23 27 min
28 and 29 with
29 with 40 and
30 median 31 t
30 median 35 recovery
32 pulse 35 recovery
33 onset 35 recovery
35 recovery 37 sensitivities
36 lh 37 sensitivities
37 sensitivities 38 of
37 sensitivities 40 and
38 of 39 1.1
40 and 43 unit
41 0.10 42 slope
42 slope 43 unit
46 ( 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.001
48 < 50 )

a potency - downregulation model yielded median estimates of one - half maximally stimulatory lh concentrations ( ec ( 50 [ )(values ) of 0.66 and 7.5 iu/l [for] onset and recovery , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 potency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 a 2 potency
3 - 8 estimates
3 - 11 -
4 downregulation 6 yielded
5 model 6 yielded
6 yielded 8 estimates
7 median 8 estimates
8 estimates 9 of
9 of 10 one
11 - 12 half
11 - 14 stimulatory
12 half 14 stimulatory
13 maximally 14 stimulatory
14 stimulatory 16 concentrations
14 stimulatory 34 respectively
14 stimulatory 37 <
15 lh 16 concentrations
16 concentrations 31 and
17 ( 31 and
18 ec 22 )(values
18 ec 24 of
18 ec 26 and
19 ( 22 )(values
20 50 22 )(values
22 )(values 23 )
24 of 25 0.66
26 and 30 onset
26 and 31 and
27 7.5 28 iu/l
28 iu/l 30 onset
31 and 32 recovery
31 and 33 ,
35 ( 37 <
36 p 37 <
37 < 38 0.001
37 < 39 )

an efficacy [-] downregulation formulation of hysteresis forecasts median lh efficacies of 20 and 8.3 ng·dl ( - 1 )·min ( - 1 ) [for] onset and offset [of] t secretory burst , respectively ( p = 0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 formulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 forecasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 an 5 formulation
2 efficacy 4 downregulation
4 downregulation 5 formulation
5 formulation 6 of
5 formulation 8 forecasts
6 of 7 hysteresis
8 forecasts 14 and
8 forecasts 34 respectively
8 forecasts 37 =
9 median 11 efficacies
10 lh 11 efficacies
11 efficacies 12 of
11 efficacies 14 and
12 of 13 20
14 and 16 ng·dl
14 and 27 and
15 8.3 16 ng·dl
17 ( 27 and
18 - 19 1
19 1 26 onset
20 )·min 23 1
20 )·min 24 )
20 )·min 26 onset
21 ( 23 1
22 - 23 1
23 1 24 )
26 onset 27 and
27 and 32 burst
27 and 33 ,
28 offset 30 t
28 offset 32 burst
31 secretory 32 burst
35 ( 37 =
36 p 37 =
37 = 38 0.002
37 = 39 )

segmentation of the lh [-] t data by age suggested greater sensitivity , higher ec ( 50 ) ( increased lh potency ) , [and] markedly ( 2.7 - fold [ )(attenuated lh efficacy in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 segmentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggested
1 segmentation 2 of
1 segmentation 10 suggested
2 of 7 data
3 the 7 data
4 lh 6 t
4 lh 7 data
7 data 8 by
8 by 9 age
10 suggested 12 sensitivity
10 suggested 26 markedly
10 suggested 29 -
11 greater 12 sensitivity
12 sensitivity 15 ec
13 , 15 ec
14 higher 15 ec
15 ec 17 50
15 ec 22 potency
15 ec 24 ,
16 ( 17 50
17 50 18 )
19 ( 22 potency
20 increased 22 potency
21 lh 22 potency
22 potency 23 )
27 ( 29 -
28 2.7 29 -
29 - 34 efficacy
29 - 38 .
30 fold 32 )(attenuated
32 )(attenuated 34 efficacy
33 lh 34 efficacy
34 efficacy 35 in
35 in 37 individuals
36 older 37 individuals

each of the three hysteresis models yielded [a] marked ( p < 0.005 ) reduction in estimated model residual error compared with no hysteresis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hysteresis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 marked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 each 2 of
1 each 5 hysteresis
2 of 5 hysteresis
3 the 4 three
4 three 5 hysteresis
5 hysteresis 6 models
5 hysteresis 7 yielded
5 hysteresis 9 marked
6 models 7 yielded
9 marked 12 <
9 marked 15 reduction
9 marked 16 in
9 marked 22 with
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.005
12 < 14 )
16 in 20 error
17 estimated 18 model
18 model 20 error
19 residual 20 error
20 error 21 compared
22 with 24 hysteresis
23 no 24 hysteresis

in summary , model - based analyses allowing for ( but not requiring [ )(reversible pituitary - gonadal effector [-] response downregulation [are] consistent with a hypothesis of recurrent , brief cycles of lh - dependent stimulation , desensitization , and recovery of pulsatile t secretion in [vivo] [and] an age - associated reduction of lh efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 model
4 model 6 based
4 model 11 but
5 - 6 based
7 analyses 9 for
8 allowing 9 for
9 for 11 but
10 ( 11 but
11 but 12 not
11 but 22 downregulation
13 requiring 22 downregulation
15 )(reversible 21 response
16 pituitary 17 -
16 pituitary 19 effector
18 gonadal 19 effector
19 effector 21 response
21 response 22 downregulation
22 downregulation 24 consistent
22 downregulation 28 of
22 downregulation 33 of
24 consistent 25 with
25 with 27 hypothesis
26 a 27 hypothesis
28 of 32 cycles
29 recurrent 30 ,
29 recurrent 31 brief
31 brief 32 cycles
33 of 34 lh
34 lh 46 secretion
35 - 46 secretion
36 dependent 37 stimulation
37 stimulation 38 ,
38 , 39 desensitization
38 , 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 recovery
41 and 46 secretion
42 recovery 43 of
43 of 44 pulsatile
44 pulsatile 45 t
46 secretion 47 in
46 secretion 58 .
47 in 51 age
50 an 51 age
51 age 54 reduction
52 - 54 reduction
53 associated 54 reduction
54 reduction 55 of
54 reduction 58 .
55 of 57 efficacy
56 lh 57 efficacy

prospective studies would be required to prove this aging effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 prospective 2 studies
2 studies 3 would
3 would 4 be
4 be 5 required
5 required 6 to
5 required 7 prove
6 to 7 prove
7 prove 10 effect
8 this 9 aging
9 aging 10 effect

none purpose : to assess diagnostic accuracy of two self [-] administered depression measures compared to an interviewer - administered measure in subjects with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , and to analyze clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with disagreement among the three depression assessment tools . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 none 2 purpose
1 none 5 assess
1 none 32 and
2 purpose 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 7 accuracy
6 diagnostic 7 accuracy
7 accuracy 8 of
7 accuracy 15 compared
8 of 14 measures
9 two 14 measures
10 self 12 administered
12 administered 14 measures
13 depression 14 measures
15 compared 16 to
15 compared 19 -
15 compared 20 administered
16 to 18 interviewer
17 an 18 interviewer
21 measure 22 in
21 measure 27 disease
21 measure 32 and
22 in 23 subjects
23 subjects 24 with
24 with 26 's
25 parkinson 26 's
27 disease 29 pd
28 ( 29 pd
29 pd 30 )
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 to
32 and 34 analyze
32 and 40 with
32 and 42 among
33 to 34 analyze
34 analyze 38 factors
35 clinical 36 and
36 and 37 sociodemographic
36 and 38 factors
38 factors 39 associated
40 with 41 disagreement
42 among 47 tools
43 the 44 three
44 three 47 tools
45 depression 46 assessment
46 assessment 47 tools

methods : we assessed 214 pd subjects using the patient health questionnaire - 9 ( phq - 9 ) , the geriatric depression scale - 15 ( gds - 15 ) , and the structured clinical interview for the dsm - iv depression module [(] scid ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 assessed
2 : 48 .
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 7 subjects
5 214 6 pd
6 pd 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 using
8 using 12 questionnaire
9 the 12 questionnaire
10 patient 11 health
11 health 12 questionnaire
12 questionnaire 17 -
12 questionnaire 24 scale
13 - 17 -
14 9 16 phq
15 ( 16 phq
16 phq 17 -
17 - 18 9
17 - 19 )
20 , 24 scale
21 the 24 scale
22 geriatric 23 depression
23 depression 24 scale
24 scale 26 15
24 scale 47 )
25 - 26 15
26 15 33 and
26 15 47 )
27 ( 33 and
28 gds 30 15
28 gds 33 and
29 - 30 15
30 15 31 )
32 , 33 and
33 and 37 interview
33 and 47 )
34 the 37 interview
35 structured 36 clinical
36 clinical 37 interview
37 interview 38 for
38 for 40 dsm
39 the 40 dsm
40 dsm 46 scid
41 - 46 scid
42 iv 43 depression
43 depression 44 module
44 module 46 scid
46 scid 47 )

diagnostic accuracy of the phq - 9 and gds - 15 compared to the scid was evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 diagnostic 2 accuracy
2 accuracy 3 of
2 accuracy 11 15
2 accuracy 12 compared
2 accuracy 16 was
3 of 5 phq
4 the 5 phq
5 phq 9 gds
6 - 9 gds
7 9 8 and
8 and 9 gds
9 gds 10 -
11 15 12 compared
12 compared 13 to
13 to 15 scid
14 the 15 scid
16 was 17 evaluated

multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze factors associated with measure disagreement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 multivariate 3 regression
1 multivariate 7 analyze
1 multivariate 9 associated
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 to
6 to 7 analyze
7 analyze 8 factors
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 disagreement
11 measure 12 disagreement

we compared item agreement between the phq - 9 and scid to test the hypothesis that there would be less agreement between items assessing depression symptoms overlapping with common pd symptoms , compared to items having minimal overlap with pd manifestations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 4 agreement
2 compared 5 between
3 item 4 agreement
5 between 7 phq
6 the 7 phq
8 - 9 9
8 - 10 and
8 - 36 having
10 and 11 scid
10 and 32 ,
11 scid 12 to
11 scid 13 test
11 scid 32 ,
12 to 13 test
13 test 15 hypothesis
14 the 15 hypothesis
15 hypothesis 16 that
15 hypothesis 18 would
16 that 17 there
16 that 18 would
19 be 21 agreement
19 be 32 ,
20 less 21 agreement
21 agreement 22 between
22 between 23 items
23 items 24 assessing
24 assessing 26 symptoms
24 assessing 28 with
25 depression 26 symptoms
26 symptoms 27 overlapping
28 with 31 symptoms
29 common 31 symptoms
30 pd 31 symptoms
32 , 33 compared
32 , 34 to
34 to 35 items
35 items 36 having
36 having 38 overlap
36 having 39 with
37 minimal 38 overlap
39 with 41 manifestations
40 pd 41 manifestations

results : compared to scid diagnosis of major depression , phq - 9 sensitivity is 50 % and specificity is 93 % ; gds - 15 sensitivity is 43 % and specificity is 96 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 14 sensitivity
2 : 15 is
2 : 18 and
2 : 23 ;
3 compared 4 to
3 compared 12 -
3 compared 14 sensitivity
4 to 6 diagnosis
5 scid 6 diagnosis
6 diagnosis 7 of
7 of 9 depression
8 major 9 depression
9 depression 11 phq
10 , 11 phq
11 phq 12 -
13 9 14 sensitivity
14 sensitivity 15 is
15 is 17 %
16 50 17 %
18 and 19 specificity
18 and 20 is
19 specificity 20 is
20 is 22 %
21 93 22 %
23 ; 27 sensitivity
23 ; 28 is
23 ; 31 and
24 gds 25 -
24 gds 27 sensitivity
26 15 27 sensitivity
27 sensitivity 28 is
28 is 30 %
29 43 30 %
31 and 32 specificity
31 and 33 is
32 specificity 33 is
33 is 35 %
34 96 35 %

the gds - 15 [has] 85 % sensitivity and 79 % specificity and the phq - [9] has 54 % sensitivity and 85 % specificity compared to scid diagnosis of minor or major depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 gds
2 gds 13 and
2 gds 18 has
3 - 13 and
4 15 8 sensitivity
6 85 7 %
7 % 8 sensitivity
8 sensitivity 9 and
9 and 12 specificity
9 and 13 and
10 79 11 %
11 % 12 specificity
13 and 15 phq
13 and 16 -
14 the 15 phq
18 has 22 and
18 has 26 compared
19 54 20 %
20 % 21 sensitivity
21 sensitivity 22 and
22 and 25 specificity
23 85 25 specificity
24 % 25 specificity
26 compared 27 to
27 to 29 diagnosis
28 scid 29 diagnosis
29 diagnosis 30 of
30 of 34 depression
31 minor 32 or
32 or 33 major
32 or 34 depression

the phq - 9 and scid show more agreement on items unrelated to pd manifestations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phq
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 phq
3 - 4 9
3 - 5 and
3 - 16 .
5 and 6 scid
5 and 7 show
6 scid 7 show
7 show 9 agreement
7 show 15 manifestations
8 more 9 agreement
9 agreement 10 on
10 on 11 items
11 items 12 unrelated
12 unrelated 13 to
13 to 14 pd

pain was the only factor associated with disagreement between the scid and phq - 9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 pain 2 was
2 was 5 factor
2 was 15 9
3 the 4 only
3 the 5 factor
5 factor 6 associated
5 factor 9 between
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 disagreement
9 between 12 and
10 the 11 scid
11 scid 12 and
12 and 13 phq
14 - 15 9

conclusion : compared to the phq - 9 , the gds - 15 had higher sensitivity and similar positive predictive value , suggesting it is a superior screening tool in clinical applications for pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 15
2 : 14 had
2 : 35 .
3 compared 4 to
3 compared 12 -
3 compared 13 15
4 to 6 phq
5 the 6 phq
6 phq 8 9
6 phq 11 gds
7 - 8 9
8 9 9 ,
9 , 11 gds
10 the 11 gds
11 gds 12 -
13 15 14 had
14 had 17 and
14 had 30 in
14 had 33 for
15 higher 16 sensitivity
16 sensitivity 17 and
17 and 21 value
17 and 22 ,
17 and 23 suggesting
18 similar 21 value
19 positive 21 value
20 predictive 21 value
23 suggesting 24 it
23 suggesting 25 is
24 it 25 is
25 is 29 tool
26 a 29 tool
27 superior 29 tool
28 screening 29 tool
30 in 32 applications
31 clinical 32 applications
33 for 34 pd

on future depression screening or diagnostic instruments , consideration should be given to excluding depression items overlapping with pd manifestations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 consideration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 on 7 instruments
1 on 8 ,
1 on 9 consideration
2 future 3 depression
3 depression 4 screening
4 screening 5 or
5 or 6 diagnostic
5 or 7 instruments
9 consideration 10 should
10 should 11 be
11 be 12 given
12 given 13 to
12 given 18 with
13 to 14 excluding
14 excluding 16 items
15 depression 16 items
16 items 17 overlapping
18 with 20 manifestations
19 pd 20 manifestations

the aim of this observational study was to investigate the occurrence of postoperative delirium ( pod ) in elderly patients undergoing urological surgery and to identify those factors associated with delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 this 5 observational
5 observational 6 study
7 was 8 to
8 to 24 and
9 investigate 11 occurrence
9 investigate 18 in
9 investigate 24 and
10 the 11 occurrence
11 occurrence 12 of
11 occurrence 16 pod
12 of 14 delirium
13 postoperative 14 delirium
15 ( 16 pod
16 pod 17 )
18 in 20 patients
19 elderly 20 patients
20 patients 21 undergoing
21 undergoing 23 surgery
22 urological 23 surgery
24 and 25 to
24 and 26 identify
25 to 26 identify
26 identify 28 factors
26 identify 30 with
27 those 28 factors
28 factors 29 associated
30 with 31 delirium

ninety consecutive patients [(] 81 males and 9 females ; average age of 74.3 ± 0.40 years [ )(, undergoing urological surgery in university - hospital urological clinic were selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 ninety 6 males
2 consecutive 6 males
3 patients 6 males
5 81 6 males
6 males 7 and
7 and 9 females
7 and 10 ;
8 9 9 females
10 ; 11 average
10 ; 19 )(,
11 average 12 age
12 age 13 of
13 of 17 years
14 74.3 17 years
15 ± 17 years
16 0.40 17 years
19 )(, 28 clinic
19 )(, 29 were
20 undergoing 22 surgery
20 undergoing 23 in
20 undergoing 25 -
20 undergoing 28 clinic
21 urological 22 surgery
23 in 24 university
26 hospital 27 urological
27 urological 28 clinic
28 clinic 29 were
29 were 30 selected

personal , medical , cognitive and functional data , biochemical parameters , preoperative medications , conduct of surgery and anesthesia and details of hemodynamic control were collected as predictors of delirium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 conduct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 personal 8 data
1 personal 16 conduct
2 , 8 data
3 medical 4 ,
4 , 5 cognitive
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 functional
6 and 8 data
8 data 11 parameters
8 data 15 ,
9 , 11 parameters
10 biochemical 11 parameters
11 parameters 14 medications
11 parameters 15 ,
12 , 14 medications
13 preoperative 14 medications
14 medications 15 ,
16 conduct 17 of
16 conduct 26 were
17 of 21 and
18 surgery 19 and
19 and 20 anesthesia
19 and 21 and
21 and 22 details
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 control
24 hemodynamic 25 control
26 were 27 collected
27 collected 28 as
28 as 29 predictors
29 predictors 30 of
30 of 31 delirium

after surgery , the subjects were divided on the basis of delirium [onset] within a week observation period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 after 2 surgery
1 after 3 ,
1 after 5 subjects
4 the 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 were
6 were 7 divided
7 divided 8 on
7 divided 14 within
8 on 10 basis
9 the 10 basis
10 basis 11 of
11 of 12 delirium
14 within 18 period
15 a 16 week
16 week 18 period
17 observation 18 period

delirium was diagnosed by the confusion assessment method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 delirium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 delirium 2 was
2 was 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 4 by
4 by 8 method
5 the 8 method
6 confusion 7 assessment
7 assessment 8 method

delirium started the first post - operative day ( 2f ; 6 m [ )(and [lasted] 3.0 ± 0.8 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 delirium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 started
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 delirium 2 started
2 started 5 post
3 the 5 post
4 first 5 post
5 post 8 day
6 - 8 day
7 operative 8 day
8 day 10 2f
8 day 11 ;
9 ( 10 2f
10 2f 11 ;
11 ; 12 6
11 ; 15 )(and
12 6 13 m
15 )(and 17 3.0
15 )(and 18 ±
17 3.0 18 ±
18 ± 20 days
19 0.8 20 days

subjects with pod were significantly older , had a previous history of delirium , were more impaired in the instrumental activities of daily living and [had] poorer clock drawing test [(] [cdt] ) score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 subjects 2 with
1 subjects 7 ,
2 with 3 pod
4 were 6 older
4 were 7 ,
5 significantly 6 older
7 , 14 ,
7 , 18 in
8 had 11 history
8 had 14 ,
9 a 11 history
10 previous 11 history
11 history 12 of
12 of 13 delirium
14 , 15 were
15 were 17 impaired
16 more 17 impaired
18 in 34 score
19 the 34 score
20 instrumental 21 activities
21 activities 22 of
21 activities 25 and
22 of 24 living
23 daily 24 living
25 and 30 test
25 and 33 )
25 and 34 score
27 poorer 29 drawing
28 clock 29 drawing
29 drawing 30 test

interestingly , a significantly greater number of hypotensive events were recorded during anesthesia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 9 events
3 a 6 number
4 significantly 5 greater
5 greater 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 9 events
7 of 9 events
8 hypotensive 9 events
9 events 10 were
10 were 11 recorded
11 recorded 12 during
12 during 13 anesthesia

age , cognitive and functional status , previous history of delirium and hypotensive episodes intrasurgery are the best predictor of pod in this setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 cognitive
2 , 4 and
4 and 6 status
5 functional 6 status
7 , 12 and
7 , 16 are
8 previous 9 history
9 history 10 of
9 history 12 and
10 of 11 delirium
12 and 15 intrasurgery
12 and 16 are
13 hypotensive 14 episodes
14 episodes 15 intrasurgery
16 are 19 predictor
17 the 18 best
17 the 19 predictor
19 predictor 20 of
19 predictor 22 in
20 of 21 pod
22 in 24 setting
23 this 24 setting

our findings have implications in preventing delirium [in] elderly by an early [and] targeted evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 have
3 have 4 implications
3 have 5 in
5 in 6 preventing
6 preventing 7 delirium
7 delirium 9 elderly
9 elderly 10 by
10 by 15 evaluation
11 an 12 early
11 an 15 evaluation
12 early 15 evaluation
14 targeted 15 evaluation

objective : to determine the impact of radiation treatment for corpus uteri cancer on the development of late gastrointestinal ( gi ) [and] bladder toxicities in older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 impact
4 determine 14 on
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
6 impact 10 for
7 of 9 treatment
8 radiation 9 treatment
10 for 13 cancer
11 corpus 12 uteri
12 uteri 13 cancer
14 on 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 25 toxicities
18 late 24 bladder
19 gastrointestinal 21 gi
19 gastrointestinal 24 bladder
20 ( 21 gi
21 gi 22 )
24 bladder 25 toxicities
25 toxicities 26 in
26 in 28 women
27 older 28 women

methods : we used a linked database of the surveillance , epidemiology and end results ( seer ) program tumor registry records and medicare claims to estimate the risk of late radiation toxicities in a population based sample of 23,591 women diagnosed with corpus uteri cancer from 1992 to 2005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 used
2 : 11 ,
2 : 51 .
3 we 4 used
4 used 7 database
5 a 7 database
6 linked 7 database
7 database 8 of
8 of 10 surveillance
9 the 10 surveillance
11 , 13 and
11 , 19 program
12 epidemiology 13 and
13 and 17 seer
13 and 19 program
14 end 15 results
15 results 17 seer
16 ( 17 seer
17 seer 18 )
19 program 25 claims
19 program 26 to
19 program 27 estimate
20 tumor 21 registry
21 registry 25 claims
22 records 23 and
23 and 24 medicare
23 and 25 claims
26 to 27 estimate
27 estimate 29 risk
27 estimate 43 with
27 estimate 49 to
28 the 29 risk
29 risk 30 of
30 of 33 toxicities
31 late 33 toxicities
32 radiation 33 toxicities
33 toxicities 34 in
33 toxicities 39 of
33 toxicities 42 diagnosed
34 in 38 sample
35 a 36 population
35 a 38 sample
36 population 37 based
37 based 38 sample
39 of 41 women
40 23,591 41 women
43 with 45 uteri
43 with 46 cancer
44 corpus 45 uteri
47 from 49 to
48 1992 49 to
49 to 50 2005

gastrointestinal ( gi ) and bladder diagnoses were included up to 60 months after diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 gastrointestinal 3 gi
1 gastrointestinal 5 and
2 ( 3 gi
3 gi 4 )
5 and 7 diagnoses
5 and 8 were
6 bladder 7 diagnoses
8 were 9 included
9 included 14 after
10 up 11 to
11 to 12 60
12 60 13 months
13 months 14 after
14 after 15 diagnosis

cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk of any late gi or bladder diagnosis [with] or without hospitalization , due to radiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
1 cox 4 models
2 proportional 3 hazard
3 hazard 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 18 or
7 to 9 risk
7 to 18 or
8 estimate 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 14 or
11 any 13 gi
12 late 13 gi
13 gi 14 or
14 or 16 diagnosis
15 bladder 16 diagnosis
18 or 19 without
19 without 20 hospitalization
20 hospitalization 23 to
21 , 23 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 24 radiation
23 to 25 .

results : women treated with radiation had an absolute increase in late gi toxicities of 7.7 % and an absolute increase in late bladder toxicities of 3.9 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 women
2 : 7 had
3 women 4 treated
3 women 7 had
4 treated 5 with
5 with 6 radiation
7 had 10 increase
7 had 11 in
7 had 22 in
8 an 10 increase
9 absolute 10 increase
11 in 18 and
12 late 14 toxicities
13 gi 14 toxicities
14 toxicities 15 of
14 toxicities 18 and
15 of 17 %
16 7.7 17 %
18 and 21 increase
19 an 20 absolute
19 an 21 increase
20 absolute 21 increase
22 in 25 toxicities
23 late 24 bladder
24 bladder 25 toxicities
25 toxicities 26 of
26 of 28 %
27 3.9 28 %

most toxicities were not severe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 toxicities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 most 2 toxicities
2 toxicities 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 5 severe

only 10 % [of] irradiated women with a lower gi diagnosis and less than 1 % of irradiated women with a bladder diagnosis , required hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 irradiated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 only 2 10
2 10 3 %
3 % 5 irradiated
5 irradiated 6 women
5 irradiated 7 with
7 with 10 gi
8 a 10 gi
9 lower 10 gi
10 gi 12 and
10 gi 17 of
11 diagnosis 12 and
12 and 13 less
12 and 14 than
14 than 16 %
15 1 16 %
17 of 24 ,
18 irradiated 19 women
18 irradiated 20 with
18 irradiated 24 ,
20 with 23 diagnosis
21 a 23 diagnosis
22 bladder 23 diagnosis
24 , 25 required
25 required 26 hospitalization

in the multivariable analysis , advancing age , having chemotherapy , higher comorbidities and prior or early gi and bladder diagnoses were predictive [of] late toxicities among irradiated women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 4 analysis
1 in 8 ,
1 in 19 and
2 the 4 analysis
3 multivariable 4 analysis
4 analysis 6 advancing
5 , 6 advancing
6 advancing 7 age
6 advancing 8 ,
9 having 10 chemotherapy
10 chemotherapy 11 ,
11 , 13 comorbidities
11 , 14 and
12 higher 13 comorbidities
14 and 18 gi
14 and 19 and
15 prior 16 or
16 or 17 early
16 or 18 gi
19 and 21 diagnoses
19 and 22 were
20 bladder 21 diagnoses
22 were 26 toxicities
22 were 27 among
23 predictive 26 toxicities
25 late 26 toxicities
27 among 29 women
28 irradiated 29 women

conclusions : late gi toxicities are more common than previously reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 toxicities
2 : 6 are
2 : 12 .
3 late 4 gi
4 gi 5 toxicities
5 toxicities 6 are
6 are 7 more
6 are 8 common
8 common 9 than
9 than 11 reported
10 previously 11 reported

it is important to analyze late toxicities in population based samples of women with uterine cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 important
3 important 4 to
3 important 5 analyze
4 to 5 analyze
5 analyze 6 late
5 analyze 7 toxicities
5 analyze 10 based
7 toxicities 8 in
7 toxicities 10 based
8 in 9 population
10 based 11 samples
10 based 14 with
11 samples 12 of
12 of 13 women
14 with 16 cancer
15 uterine 16 cancer

the results of this and future analyses can be used to identify areas where development of " survivorship plans " will [remind] and encourage women to report symptoms related to potential toxicities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 related
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 8 can
3 of 5 and
4 this 5 and
5 and 7 analyses
6 future 7 analyses
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 23 and
11 to 23 and
12 identify 13 areas
12 identify 23 and
13 areas 14 where
14 where 15 development
14 where 21 will
15 development 16 of
15 development 21 will
16 of 17 "
16 of 19 plans
18 survivorship 19 plans
19 plans 20 "
23 and 24 encourage
24 encourage 25 women
24 encourage 26 to
24 encourage 29 related
26 to 27 report
28 symptoms 29 related
29 related 30 to
29 related 33 .
30 to 32 toxicities
31 potential 32 toxicities

background : population aging increases the number of glaucoma patients which leads to higher workloads of glaucoma specialists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 3 population
2 : 5 increases
3 population 4 aging
3 population 5 increases
5 increases 7 number
6 the 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 11 which
7 number 12 leads
8 of 10 patients
9 glaucoma 10 patients
11 which 12 leads
12 leads 13 to
13 to 15 workloads
14 higher 15 workloads
15 workloads 16 of
16 of 18 specialists
17 glaucoma 18 specialists

if stable glaucoma patients were monitored by optometrists and ophthalmic technicians in [a] glaucoma follow - up unit ( gfu ) rather than by glaucoma specialists , the specialists ' workload and waiting lists might be reduced.we compared costs and quality of care at the gfu with those of usual care by glaucoma specialists in the rotterdam eye hospital ( reh ) in [a] 30 - month randomized clinical trial . 
1 if 4 patients
1 if 5 were
1 if 11 technicians
2 stable 4 patients
3 glaucoma 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 monitored
7 by 9 and
7 by 11 technicians
8 optometrists 9 and
9 and 10 ophthalmic
11 technicians 12 in
11 technicians 15 follow
12 in 14 glaucoma
15 follow 17 up
15 follow 23 than
16 - 17 up
17 up 18 unit
17 up 21 )
18 unit 20 gfu
19 ( 20 gfu
20 gfu 21 )
22 rather 23 than
23 than 24 by
24 by 32 and
25 glaucoma 26 specialists
26 specialists 27 ,
27 , 31 workload
27 , 32 and
28 the 29 specialists
29 specialists 30 '
30 ' 31 workload
32 and 33 waiting
32 and 34 lists
32 and 36 be
34 lists 35 might
35 might 36 be
36 be 40 and
37 reduced.we 39 costs
38 compared 39 costs
39 costs 40 and
40 and 41 quality
40 and 49 of
40 and 52 by
41 quality 42 of
42 of 43 care
43 care 44 at
43 care 47 with
44 at 46 gfu
45 the 46 gfu
47 with 48 those
49 of 51 care
50 usual 51 care
52 by 54 specialists
53 glaucoma 54 specialists
54 specialists 55 in
54 specialists 63 in
55 in 59 hospital
56 the 59 hospital
57 rotterdam 58 eye
58 eye 59 hospital
59 hospital 61 reh
60 ( 61 reh
61 reh 62 )
63 in 65 30
65 30 70 trial
66 - 70 trial
67 month 68 randomized
68 randomized 70 trial
69 clinical 70 trial
70 trial 71 .

because quality of care turned out to be similar , we focus here on the costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 because 2 quality
1 because 5 turned
1 because 10 ,
1 because 11 we
2 quality 3 of
2 quality 5 turned
3 of 4 care
5 turned 6 out
6 out 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 similar
11 we 12 focus
12 focus 13 here
12 focus 14 on
14 on 16 costs
15 the 16 costs

methods : stable glaucoma patients were randomized between the gfu and the glaucoma specialist group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 5 patients
2 : 7 randomized
3 stable 5 patients
4 glaucoma 5 patients
5 patients 6 were
6 were 7 randomized
7 randomized 8 between
8 between 11 and
9 the 10 gfu
10 gfu 11 and
11 and 15 group
12 the 15 group
13 glaucoma 14 specialist
14 specialist 15 group

costs per patient year were calculated from four perspectives : those of patients , the rotterdam eye hospital ( reh ) , dutch healthcare system , and society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 costs 2 per
1 costs 5 were
2 per 4 year
3 patient 4 year
5 were 6 calculated
6 calculated 7 from
7 from 9 perspectives
8 four 9 perspectives
10 : 27 and
10 : 29 .
11 those 12 of
11 those 14 ,
12 of 13 patients
14 , 20 reh
14 , 22 ,
15 the 20 reh
16 rotterdam 17 eye
17 eye 18 hospital
18 hospital 20 reh
19 ( 20 reh
20 reh 21 )
22 , 25 system
22 , 27 and
23 dutch 25 system
24 healthcare 25 system
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 society

the outcome measures were : compliance to the protocol ; patient satisfaction ; stability according to the practitioner [;] mean difference in iop [;] results of the examinations [;] and number of treatment changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
2 outcome 4 were
2 outcome 5 :
3 measures 4 were
5 : 6 compliance
6 compliance 7 to
7 to 9 protocol
8 the 9 protocol
10 ; 12 satisfaction
10 ; 13 ;
11 patient 12 satisfaction
13 ; 14 stability
13 ; 34 changes
14 stability 15 according
14 stability 26 of
14 stability 34 changes
15 according 16 to
15 according 22 in
15 according 25 results
16 to 21 difference
17 the 21 difference
18 practitioner 20 mean
20 mean 21 difference
22 in 23 iop
26 of 30 and
27 the 28 examinations
28 examinations 30 and
30 and 31 number
30 and 32 of
32 of 33 treatment

results : baseline characteristics ( such as age , intraocular pressure and target pressure ) were comparable between the gfu group ( n = 410 ) and the glaucoma specialist group ( n = 405 ).despite a higher number of visits per year , mean hospital costs per patient year were lower in the gfu group ( € 139 vs [.] € 161 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
2 : 4 characteristics
2 : 16 were
2 : 27 and
2 : 44 ,
3 baseline 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 7 as
4 characteristics 12 and
4 characteristics 16 were
5 ( 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 8 age
7 as 9 ,
9 , 12 and
10 intraocular 11 pressure
11 pressure 12 and
12 and 14 pressure
12 and 15 )
13 target 14 pressure
16 were 17 comparable
17 comparable 18 between
18 between 21 group
19 the 21 group
20 gfu 21 group
21 group 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 410
24 = 26 )
27 and 31 group
27 and 36 ).despite
28 the 31 group
29 glaucoma 31 group
30 specialist 31 group
31 group 34 =
31 group 36 ).despite
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 405
36 ).despite 41 visits
37 a 39 number
38 higher 39 number
39 number 40 of
39 number 41 visits
40 of 41 visits
41 visits 42 per
42 per 43 year
44 , 45 mean
44 , 51 were
45 mean 51 were
46 hospital 47 costs
47 costs 48 per
47 costs 51 were
48 per 50 year
49 patient 50 year
51 were 52 lower
52 lower 53 in
53 in 56 group
54 the 56 group
55 gfu 56 group
56 group 58 €
57 ( 58 €
58 € 59 139
58 € 60 vs
58 € 64 )
60 vs 62 €
62 € 63 161

patients ' time and travel costs were similar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 patients 2 '
2 ' 3 time
3 time 4 and
4 and 6 costs
4 and 7 were
5 travel 6 costs
7 were 8 similar

healthcare costs were significantly lower for the gfu group ( € 230 vs [.] € 251 ) , as [were] societal costs ( € 310 vs [.] € 339 ) ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 costs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 healthcare 2 costs
2 costs 3 were
3 were 4 significantly
3 were 5 lower
5 lower 6 for
5 lower 19 as
6 for 9 group
7 the 9 group
8 gfu 9 group
9 group 11 €
10 ( 11 €
11 € 12 230
11 € 13 vs
11 € 17 )
13 vs 15 €
15 € 16 251
18 , 19 as
19 as 22 costs
19 as 35 )
21 societal 22 costs
22 costs 24 €
22 costs 33 <
23 ( 24 €
24 € 25 310
24 € 26 vs
24 € 30 )
26 vs 28 €
28 € 29 339
31 ( 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 34 0.01

bootstrap [-] [,] sensitivity - and scenario - analyses showed that the costs were robust when varying hospital policy and the duration of visits and tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bootstrap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 bootstrap 6 and
4 sensitivity 6 and
5 - 6 and
6 and 7 scenario
8 - 9 analyses
8 - 10 showed
9 analyses 10 showed
10 showed 11 that
11 that 13 costs
11 that 14 were
12 the 13 costs
13 costs 14 were
14 were 15 robust
15 robust 16 when
16 when 17 varying
17 varying 20 and
18 hospital 19 policy
19 policy 20 and
20 and 22 duration
20 and 23 of
21 the 22 duration
23 of 25 and
24 visits 25 and
25 and 26 tests

conclusion : we conclude that this gfu is cost - [effective] and deserves to be considered for implementation in other hospitals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conclude
3 we 4 conclude
4 conclude 5 that
5 that 7 gfu
5 that 12 and
6 this 7 gfu
7 gfu 12 and
8 is 9 cost
8 is 12 and
10 - 12 and
12 and 13 deserves
12 and 19 in
13 deserves 14 to
13 deserves 16 considered
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 considered
16 considered 17 for
17 for 18 implementation
19 in 21 hospitals
20 other 21 hospitals

the essential role of peroxisomes in fatty acid oxidation , anaplerotic metabolism , and hydrogen peroxide turnover is well established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 role
2 essential 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 18 is
4 of 5 peroxisomes
5 peroxisomes 6 in
6 in 14 and
7 fatty 9 oxidation
8 acid 9 oxidation
9 oxidation 10 ,
10 , 12 metabolism
10 , 14 and
11 anaplerotic 12 metabolism
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 turnover
15 hydrogen 17 turnover
16 peroxide 17 turnover
18 is 19 well
19 well 20 established

recent findings suggest that these and other related biochemical processes governed by the organelle may also play a critical role in regulating cellular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 and
4 that 17 play
5 these 6 and
6 and 7 other
6 and 10 processes
6 and 11 governed
6 and 15 may
8 related 10 processes
9 biochemical 10 processes
10 processes 11 governed
11 governed 12 by
12 by 14 organelle
13 the 14 organelle
15 may 17 play
16 also 17 play
17 play 20 role
17 play 21 in
18 a 20 role
19 critical 20 role
21 in 22 regulating
22 regulating 24 aging
23 cellular 24 aging

the goal of this review is to [summarize] [and] integrate into a model the evidence that peroxisome metabolism actually helps define the replicative and chronological age of a eukaryotic cell . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 20 helps
7 to 10 integrate
10 integrate 11 into
10 integrate 15 evidence
11 into 13 model
12 a 13 model
14 the 15 evidence
15 evidence 18 metabolism
15 evidence 20 helps
16 that 17 peroxisome
17 peroxisome 18 metabolism
18 metabolism 20 helps
19 actually 20 helps
20 helps 21 define
21 define 26 age
22 the 26 age
23 replicative 24 and
24 and 25 chronological
24 and 26 age
26 age 27 of
27 of 30 cell
28 a 30 cell
29 eukaryotic 30 cell

in this model , peroxisomal reactive oxygen species ( ros ) are seen as altering organelle biogenesis and function , and eliciting changes in the dynamic communication networks that exist between peroxisomes and other cellular compartments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 species
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 3 model
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 species
2 this 3 model
5 peroxisomal 7 oxygen
6 reactive 7 oxygen
7 oxygen 8 species
8 species 10 ros
8 species 12 are
9 ( 10 ros
10 ros 11 )
12 are 13 seen
13 seen 14 as
14 as 18 and
15 altering 17 biogenesis
16 organelle 17 biogenesis
17 biogenesis 18 and
18 and 19 function
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 eliciting
21 and 23 changes
22 eliciting 23 changes
23 changes 24 in
23 changes 28 networks
23 changes 31 between
25 the 28 networks
26 dynamic 28 networks
27 communication 28 networks
28 networks 29 that
28 networks 30 exist
29 that 30 exist
31 between 33 and
32 peroxisomes 33 and
33 and 36 compartments
34 other 36 compartments
35 cellular 36 compartments

at low levels , peroxisomal ros activate an anti - aging program in the cell ; at concentrations beyond a specific threshold , a pro - aging [course] is triggered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ros
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 at 3 levels
1 at 4 ,
1 at 6 ros
2 low 3 levels
5 peroxisomal 6 ros
6 ros 7 activate
7 activate 12 program
7 activate 13 in
8 an 9 anti
8 an 12 program
9 anti 10 -
9 anti 12 program
11 aging 12 program
13 in 15 cell
14 the 15 cell
16 ; 17 at
16 ; 29 is
17 at 18 concentrations
17 at 29 is
18 concentrations 19 beyond
19 beyond 22 threshold
20 a 21 specific
20 a 22 threshold
21 specific 22 threshold
22 threshold 25 pro
23 , 25 pro
24 a 25 pro
25 pro 26 -
27 aging 29 is
29 is 30 triggered

we have been invited to imagine a future where the care for older people goes beyond the current paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 invited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 invited
4 invited 5 to
4 invited 6 imagine
5 to 6 imagine
6 imagine 8 future
6 imagine 9 where
7 a 8 future
9 where 11 care
9 where 15 goes
10 the 11 care
11 care 12 for
11 care 15 goes
12 for 14 people
13 older 14 people
15 goes 16 beyond
16 beyond 19 paradigm
17 the 19 paradigm
18 current 19 paradigm

this article challenges the fundamental assumptions that underlie current care practices and , instead , promotes systems and processes that elevate nourishing and stimulating relationships with basic dignity , as well as personal [agency] , in the later days of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 12 and
2 article 18 and
3 challenges 6 assumptions
3 challenges 12 and
4 the 6 assumptions
5 fundamental 6 assumptions
6 assumptions 7 that
6 assumptions 8 underlie
7 that 8 underlie
8 underlie 11 practices
9 current 11 practices
10 care 11 practices
12 and 16 promotes
12 and 17 systems
13 , 14 instead
14 instead 15 ,
14 instead 16 promotes
18 and 19 processes
18 and 20 that
18 and 21 elevate
20 that 21 elevate
21 elevate 25 relationships
22 nourishing 23 and
23 and 24 stimulating
23 and 25 relationships
25 relationships 26 with
25 relationships 36 in
25 relationships 40 of
26 with 28 dignity
27 basic 28 dignity
28 dignity 33 personal
29 , 33 personal
30 as 31 well
31 well 33 personal
32 as 33 personal
33 personal 35 ,
36 in 39 days
37 the 39 days
38 later 39 days
40 of 41 life

healthcare professionals still base current care systems on a medical model that emphasises the diagnosis , treatment and cure of disease ( kane rl & west jc , 2005it shouldn't be this way : the failure of long - term care , vanderbilt university press , nashville , tennessee ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 healthcare 2 professionals
2 professionals 7 systems
3 still 4 base
4 base 5 current
5 current 7 systems
6 care 7 systems
7 systems 8 on
7 systems 16 ,
8 on 11 model
9 a 10 medical
9 a 11 model
10 medical 11 model
11 model 12 that
11 model 13 emphasises
12 that 13 emphasises
13 emphasises 15 diagnosis
14 the 15 diagnosis
16 , 17 treatment
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 cure
18 and 20 of
20 of 21 disease
21 disease 27 jc
22 ( 27 jc
23 kane 24 rl
24 rl 25 &
25 & 26 west
26 west 27 jc
27 jc 28 ,
28 , 33 way
28 , 34 :
29 2005it 33 way
30 shouldn't 33 way
31 be 32 this
32 this 33 way
33 way 34 :
34 : 36 failure
35 the 36 failure
36 failure 37 of
37 of 38 long
38 long 41 care
38 long 49 tennessee
39 - 41 care
40 term 41 care
41 care 45 press
41 care 48 ,
42 , 45 press
43 vanderbilt 44 university
44 university 45 press
45 press 47 nashville
45 press 48 ,
46 , 47 nashville
47 nashville 48 ,
48 , 49 tennessee
49 tennessee 50 )

in contrast , we highlight principles of relating that support care to older people during the final stages of life , and promote systems , processes , and design elements that constitute compassionate care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 28 and
5 highlight 6 principles
5 highlight 28 and
6 principles 7 of
6 principles 9 that
6 principles 22 and
7 of 8 relating
9 that 22 and
10 support 11 care
10 support 12 to
10 support 15 during
10 support 22 and
12 to 14 people
13 older 14 people
15 during 18 stages
16 the 18 stages
17 final 18 stages
18 stages 19 of
19 of 20 life
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 promote
23 promote 24 systems
24 systems 26 processes
25 , 26 processes
26 processes 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 design
28 and 30 elements
30 elements 31 that
30 elements 32 constitute
31 that 32 constitute
32 constitute 34 care
33 compassionate 34 care

to do so , it is necessary to move from a model that responds to the dominant regulatory environment to a model that is designed in the ongoing processes of human relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 so
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 to 3 so
2 do 3 so
4 , 5 it
4 , 9 move
5 it 6 is
6 is 7 necessary
7 necessary 8 to
8 to 9 move
9 move 10 from
9 move 15 to
9 move 20 to
10 from 12 model
11 a 12 model
12 model 13 that
12 model 14 responds
13 that 14 responds
15 to 19 environment
16 the 19 environment
17 dominant 19 environment
18 regulatory 19 environment
20 to 22 model
21 a 22 model
22 model 25 designed
22 model 26 in
22 model 30 of
23 that 24 is
24 is 25 designed
26 in 29 processes
27 the 29 processes
28 ongoing 29 processes
30 of 32 relationships
31 human 32 relationships

specifically , we are including all dimensions of relating including relations among the residents [and] [between] and among residents ' families , and all levels and functions of caretakers and the community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 we
3 we 4 are
4 are 5 including
5 including 7 dimensions
6 all 7 dimensions
7 dimensions 8 of
7 dimensions 10 including
8 of 9 relating
10 including 26 and
11 relations 17 and
11 relations 23 and
12 among 14 residents
12 among 17 and
13 the 14 residents
17 and 18 among
18 among 21 families
19 residents 20 '
20 ' 21 families
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 levels
23 and 26 and
24 all 25 levels
26 and 27 functions
26 and 28 of
28 of 30 and
29 caretakers 30 and
30 and 32 community
31 the 32 community

background : there is increasing emphasis in policy , research and practice on the importance of caring in health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 9 ,
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 emphasis
4 is 7 in
5 increasing 6 emphasis
7 in 8 policy
9 , 11 and
9 , 20 care
10 research 11 and
11 and 12 practice
11 and 13 on
11 and 16 of
11 and 18 in
11 and 20 care
13 on 15 importance
14 the 15 importance
16 of 17 caring
18 in 19 health

indeed there is much debate about how to enhance the caring cultures within which health care is provided . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 indeed 2 there
2 there 3 is
3 is 5 debate
4 much 5 debate
5 debate 6 about
5 debate 13 within
6 about 7 how
7 how 8 to
7 how 9 enhance
8 to 9 enhance
9 enhance 12 cultures
10 the 12 cultures
11 caring 12 cultures
13 within 14 which
13 within 15 health
13 within 16 care
13 within 18 provided
14 which 15 health
16 care 17 is
17 is 18 provided

this paper argues that a proper systematic analysis of caring practice that works well in care environments may help us to move towards a realistic model for the future which supports staff , patients and families to give and receive compassionate care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 argues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 argues
3 argues 4 that
4 that 8 analysis
4 that 39 and
5 a 6 proper
5 a 8 analysis
6 proper 8 analysis
7 systematic 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 of
8 analysis 12 that
8 analysis 13 works
8 analysis 18 may
9 of 11 practice
10 caring 11 practice
12 that 13 works
13 works 14 well
13 works 15 in
15 in 17 environments
16 care 17 environments
18 may 19 help
19 help 20 us
19 help 21 to
21 to 22 move
22 move 23 towards
22 move 37 to
23 towards 26 model
24 a 25 realistic
24 a 26 model
25 realistic 26 model
26 model 27 for
27 for 29 future
28 the 29 future
29 future 30 which
29 future 31 supports
30 which 31 supports
31 supports 35 and
32 staff 33 ,
33 , 34 patients
33 , 35 and
35 and 36 families
37 to 39 and
38 give 39 and
39 and 40 receive
40 receive 42 care
41 compassionate 42 care

aim : the aim of the project was to explore , develop and articulate strategies that enhanced compassionate relationship centred care in an acute hospital setting , caring for older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 26 setting
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 project
6 the 7 project
8 was 9 to
8 was 11 ,
9 to 11 ,
10 explore 11 ,
11 , 13 and
12 develop 13 and
13 and 14 articulate
14 articulate 15 strategies
15 strategies 16 that
15 strategies 26 setting
16 that 17 enhanced
17 enhanced 21 care
17 enhanced 22 in
18 compassionate 19 relationship
19 relationship 20 centred
20 centred 21 care
22 in 25 hospital
23 an 25 hospital
24 acute 25 hospital
25 hospital 26 setting
26 setting 28 caring
27 , 28 caring
28 caring 29 for
28 caring 32 .
29 for 31 people
30 older 31 people

methods : appreciative action research informed the development and evaluation of the project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 research
2 : 6 informed
2 : 14 .
3 appreciative 4 action
4 action 5 research
5 research 6 informed
6 informed 9 and
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 and
9 and 10 evaluation
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 project
12 the 13 project

a range of data generation activities were used to examine what worked well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 range
2 range 3 of
2 range 8 used
3 of 4 data
4 data 6 activities
4 data 7 were
5 generation 6 activities
6 activities 7 were
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 11 what
11 what 12 worked
12 worked 13 well

following detailed analysis key processes emerged as being central to delivery of compassionate care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 following 4 key
2 detailed 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 key
4 key 5 processes
5 processes 6 emerged
6 emerged 7 as
7 as 8 being
8 being 9 central
8 being 12 of
9 central 10 to
10 to 11 delivery
12 of 14 care
13 compassionate 14 care

specific action projects were implemented and evaluated to enhance these processes necessary for compassionate caring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 projects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 specific 2 action
2 action 3 projects
3 projects 6 and
4 were 5 implemented
4 were 6 and
6 and 7 evaluated
6 and 8 to
8 to 9 enhance
9 enhance 11 processes
10 these 11 processes
11 processes 12 necessary
12 necessary 13 for
13 for 15 caring
14 compassionate 15 caring

findings : data from the project helped to articulate the special and often hidden acts that make up compassionate care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 and
2 : 21 .
3 data 4 from
3 data 12 and
4 from 6 project
5 the 6 project
6 project 7 helped
7 helped 8 to
7 helped 9 articulate
8 to 9 articulate
9 articulate 11 special
10 the 11 special
12 and 15 acts
12 and 16 that
12 and 17 make
13 often 14 hidden
14 hidden 15 acts
16 that 17 make
17 make 18 up
17 make 20 care
19 compassionate 20 care

in relation to the process of ['] knowing who i am and what matters to me ['] data provided evidence of the value of this process and the potential impact to care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 am
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 relation
2 relation 3 to
3 to 5 process
3 to 11 am
4 the 5 process
5 process 6 of
6 of 8 knowing
8 knowing 9 who
10 i 11 am
12 and 13 what
12 and 19 provided
13 what 14 matters
14 matters 15 to
14 matters 19 provided
15 to 18 data
16 me 18 data
19 provided 27 and
19 provided 31 to
20 evidence 21 of
20 evidence 27 and
21 of 23 value
22 the 23 value
23 value 24 of
24 of 26 process
25 this 26 process
27 and 30 impact
28 the 30 impact
29 potential 30 impact
31 to 32 care

in addition data about the process of doing appreciative action research helped to realise its application and relevance in the health care setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 helped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 data
3 data 4 about
3 data 7 of
3 data 12 helped
4 about 6 process
5 the 6 process
7 of 8 doing
8 doing 11 research
9 appreciative 10 action
10 action 11 research
12 helped 13 to
12 helped 14 realise
13 to 14 realise
14 realise 17 and
14 realise 19 in
15 its 16 application
16 application 17 and
17 and 18 relevance
19 in 22 care
20 the 22 care
21 health 22 care
22 care 23 setting

conclusions : findings from this work suggest that there are a number of significant processes that help people to deliver compassionate care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 10 are
3 findings 4 from
3 findings 7 suggest
4 from 6 work
5 this 6 work
7 suggest 8 that
7 suggest 10 are
8 that 9 there
10 are 15 processes
10 are 19 to
10 are 20 deliver
11 a 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 15 processes
13 of 15 processes
14 significant 15 processes
15 processes 16 that
15 processes 17 help
16 that 17 help
17 help 18 people
19 to 20 deliver
20 deliver 22 care
21 compassionate 22 care

these need to be articulated , shared more widely across practice , policy and education so that we can build on this excellent practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 6 ,
2 need 3 to
2 need 5 articulated
2 need 6 ,
3 to 4 be
4 be 5 articulated
6 , 7 shared
6 , 9 widely
6 , 10 across
6 , 17 that
6 , 24 practice
8 more 9 widely
10 across 14 and
11 practice 12 ,
12 , 13 policy
12 , 14 and
14 and 15 education
16 so 17 that
17 that 18 we
17 that 20 build
18 we 19 can
19 can 20 build
20 build 21 on
22 this 24 practice
23 excellent 24 practice

academics , policy makers and practitioners should consider the approach of appreciative action research as [key] to supporting developments in care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 academics 2 ,
2 , 4 makers
2 , 5 and
3 policy 4 makers
5 and 6 practitioners
5 and 7 should
7 should 8 consider
8 consider 10 approach
8 consider 14 research
8 consider 15 as
9 the 10 approach
10 approach 11 of
11 of 13 action
12 appreciative 13 action
15 as 17 to
17 to 18 supporting
18 supporting 19 developments
18 supporting 20 in
20 in 21 care

this paper describes the results of a literature search which sought papers specifically on appreciative inquiry ( ai ) and older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 describes
3 describes 22 people
4 the 5 results
5 results 6 of
5 results 20 and
6 of 9 search
7 a 8 literature
7 a 9 search
8 literature 9 search
9 search 10 which
9 search 11 sought
10 which 11 sought
11 sought 12 papers
11 sought 13 specifically
11 sought 14 on
14 on 16 inquiry
15 appreciative 16 inquiry
16 inquiry 18 ai
17 ( 18 ai
18 ai 19 )
20 and 21 older
20 and 22 people

the results of this search suggested that there were not many papers which met these criteria , and those that did were more often discussion papers rather than research papers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 18 and
3 of 5 search
4 this 5 search
6 suggested 7 that
6 suggested 18 and
7 that 8 there
7 that 9 were
8 there 9 were
9 were 12 papers
10 not 11 many
11 many 12 papers
12 papers 13 which
12 papers 14 met
13 which 14 met
14 met 16 criteria
15 these 16 criteria
17 , 18 and
18 and 29 research
19 those 20 that
19 those 21 did
19 those 22 were
20 that 21 did
22 were 23 more
22 were 24 often
22 were 26 papers
22 were 28 than
25 discussion 26 papers
27 rather 28 than
28 than 29 research
29 research 30 papers

this lack [of] publication belies the observation that research with older people could benefit from the positive approach entailed in an ai approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 publication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 belies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 4 publication
2 lack 4 publication
4 publication 5 belies
5 belies 7 observation
6 the 7 observation
7 observation 8 that
7 observation 14 benefit
8 that 9 research
8 that 14 benefit
9 research 10 with
9 research 13 could
10 with 12 people
11 older 12 people
13 could 14 benefit
14 benefit 15 from
15 from 18 approach
16 the 18 approach
17 positive 18 approach
18 approach 19 entailed
19 entailed 20 in
20 in 23 approach
21 an 23 approach
22 ai 23 approach

the reasons for this are discussed in the paper , but the possibility [is] explored that some authors may be using ai , but not classifying their studies as this . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 reasons
2 reasons 3 for
2 reasons 5 are
3 for 4 this
5 are 6 discussed
6 discussed 7 in
6 discussed 24 but
7 in 9 paper
8 the 9 paper
9 paper 11 but
10 , 11 but
11 but 13 possibility
11 but 23 ,
12 the 13 possibility
13 possibility 15 explored
13 possibility 16 that
16 that 18 authors
16 that 20 be
17 some 18 authors
18 authors 19 may
19 may 20 be
20 be 21 using
21 using 22 ai
24 but 25 not
25 not 26 classifying
26 classifying 28 studies
27 their 28 studies
28 studies 29 as
29 as 30 this

the studies that do explicitly use ai have reported that participants became productively engaged in the process , but there is little evidence that this promising start has been followed up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 studies
2 studies 3 that
2 studies 4 do
2 studies 8 have
3 that 4 do
4 do 6 use
5 explicitly 6 use
6 use 7 ai
8 have 9 reported
9 reported 10 that
9 reported 21 is
10 that 11 participants
10 that 12 became
10 that 21 is
11 participants 12 became
12 became 13 productively
12 became 14 engaged
14 engaged 19 but
15 in 17 process
15 in 19 but
16 the 17 process
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 there
21 is 23 evidence
22 little 23 evidence
23 evidence 24 that
24 that 27 start
24 that 30 followed
25 this 27 start
26 promising 27 start
27 start 28 has
28 has 29 been
29 been 30 followed
30 followed 31 up

background : over the past 10 years , there has been an increase in the literature promoting patient involvement in health care at all levels of the decision - making process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 over
3 over 7 years
4 the 7 years
5 past 7 years
6 10 7 years
8 , 9 there
8 , 11 been
9 there 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 13 increase
11 been 14 in
11 been 20 in
11 been 23 at
12 an 13 increase
14 in 16 literature
15 the 16 literature
16 literature 17 promoting
17 promoting 19 involvement
18 patient 19 involvement
20 in 22 care
21 health 22 care
23 at 25 levels
24 all 25 levels
25 levels 26 of
25 levels 30 making
26 of 28 decision
27 the 28 decision
29 - 30 making
30 making 31 process
30 making 32 .

aim : to review the literature on factors influencing patient participation in care with a particular focus on the perspective of older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 review
2 : 24 .
3 to 4 review
4 review 6 literature
4 review 7 on
4 review 14 with
5 the 6 literature
7 on 8 factors
8 factors 9 influencing
9 influencing 11 participation
9 influencing 12 in
10 patient 11 participation
12 in 13 care
14 with 17 focus
15 a 16 particular
15 a 17 focus
16 particular 17 focus
17 focus 18 on
17 focus 21 of
18 on 20 perspective
19 the 20 perspective
21 of 23 people
22 older 23 people

method : various search engines were used to conduct the review and articles were identified through the following databases ; cinahl , csa illumina , science direct , blackwell synergy , the cochrane library , ovid , sage , ahmed , bni and medline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 3 various
2 : 7 used
2 : 12 and
2 : 20 ;
3 various 5 engines
3 various 6 were
3 various 7 used
4 search 5 engines
5 engines 6 were
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 conduct
8 to 9 conduct
9 conduct 11 review
10 the 11 review
12 and 13 articles
12 and 15 identified
13 articles 14 were
14 were 15 identified
15 identified 16 through
16 through 19 databases
17 the 19 databases
18 following 19 databases
20 ; 43 and
21 cinahl 23 csa
22 , 23 csa
23 csa 24 illumina
24 illumina 25 ,
25 , 27 direct
25 , 28 ,
26 science 27 direct
28 , 30 synergy
28 , 31 ,
29 blackwell 30 synergy
31 , 42 bni
31 , 43 and
32 the 42 bni
33 cochrane 34 library
34 library 36 ovid
35 , 36 ovid
36 ovid 37 ,
36 ovid 38 sage
38 sage 40 ahmed
39 , 40 ahmed
40 ahmed 41 ,
40 ahmed 42 bni
43 and 44 medline

research studies ranging from 2000 - 2007 were selected for inclusion on the basis that they investigated patient participation [and/or] older peoples ' involvement in health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 research 2 studies
1 research 8 were
1 research 9 selected
2 studies 3 ranging
2 studies 8 were
3 ranging 6 -
4 from 6 -
5 2000 6 -
6 - 7 2007
9 selected 10 for
9 selected 12 on
9 selected 24 involvement
9 selected 25 in
10 for 11 inclusion
12 on 14 basis
13 the 14 basis
14 basis 15 that
14 basis 17 investigated
15 that 16 they
15 that 17 investigated
16 they 17 investigated
18 patient 19 participation
19 participation 22 peoples
21 older 22 peoples
22 peoples 23 '
23 ' 24 involvement
25 in 27 care
26 health 27 care

findings : seven key themes emerged from the literature : the concept of participation , the need for older people to be involved , autonomy and empowerment , patients ' expectations , benefits of participation , factors influencing participation and precursors to participation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 themes
2 : 6 emerged
2 : 10 :
2 : 44 .
3 seven 5 themes
4 key 5 themes
5 themes 6 emerged
6 emerged 7 from
7 from 9 literature
8 the 9 literature
10 : 12 concept
10 : 37 factors
11 the 12 concept
12 concept 13 of
12 concept 26 and
12 concept 37 factors
13 of 14 participation
14 participation 17 need
15 , 17 need
16 the 17 need
17 need 18 for
17 need 21 to
17 need 23 involved
17 need 24 ,
18 for 20 people
19 older 20 people
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 involved
24 , 26 and
25 autonomy 26 and
26 and 27 empowerment
26 and 31 expectations
26 and 33 benefits
26 and 36 ,
28 , 31 expectations
29 patients 30 '
30 ' 31 expectations
31 expectations 32 ,
32 , 33 benefits
33 benefits 34 of
33 benefits 36 ,
34 of 35 participation
37 factors 40 and
37 factors 42 to
38 influencing 39 participation
39 participation 40 and
40 and 41 precursors
42 to 43 participation

conclusions : although patient participation has received considerable attention in the literature , this review highlights the dearth of research from the perspective of older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 15 review
2 : 16 highlights
2 : 27 .
3 although 5 participation
3 although 7 received
3 although 13 ,
3 although 15 review
4 patient 5 participation
5 participation 6 has
6 has 7 received
7 received 9 attention
7 received 10 in
8 considerable 9 attention
10 in 12 literature
11 the 12 literature
14 this 15 review
15 review 16 highlights
16 highlights 18 dearth
17 the 18 dearth
18 dearth 19 of
18 dearth 21 from
19 of 20 research
21 from 23 perspective
22 the 23 perspective
23 perspective 24 of
24 of 26 people
25 older 26 people

there is a general consensus that preference for participation should be assessed and [not] assumed , and the review offers a sobering reminder that participation should not be achieved at the expense of patient autonomy and choice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 consensus
3 a 5 consensus
4 general 5 consensus
5 consensus 6 that
6 that 7 preference
6 that 20 offers
7 preference 8 for
7 preference 20 offers
8 for 17 and
9 participation 13 and
9 participation 17 and
10 should 11 be
10 should 13 and
11 be 12 assessed
13 and 15 assumed
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 review
18 the 19 review
20 offers 23 reminder
20 offers 30 at
21 a 23 reminder
22 sobering 23 reminder
23 reminder 25 participation
23 reminder 28 be
23 reminder 29 achieved
24 that 25 participation
25 participation 26 should
26 should 27 not
26 should 28 be
30 at 36 and
31 the 32 expense
32 expense 33 of
32 expense 36 and
33 of 35 autonomy
34 patient 35 autonomy
36 and 37 choice

relevance to practice : quality care and the most productive use of resources are dependent on the public 's engagement with health service providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 practice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 relevance 2 to
2 to 3 practice
4 : 7 and
4 : 14 are
5 quality 6 care
6 care 7 and
7 and 11 use
7 and 12 of
7 and 14 are
8 the 11 use
9 most 10 productive
10 productive 11 use
12 of 13 resources
14 are 15 dependent
15 dependent 16 on
15 dependent 21 with
16 on 20 engagement
17 the 18 public
18 public 19 's
19 's 20 engagement
21 with 24 providers
22 health 24 providers
23 service 24 providers

however , despite being central to contemporary nursing practice , this review suggests that the reality is not matched by the rhetoric . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 12 review
2 , 3 despite
3 despite 4 being
3 despite 10 ,
3 despite 12 review
4 being 5 central
5 central 6 to
6 to 9 practice
7 contemporary 8 nursing
8 nursing 9 practice
11 this 12 review
12 review 13 suggests
13 suggests 14 that
14 that 16 reality
14 that 17 is
15 the 16 reality
16 reality 17 is
17 is 18 not
17 is 20 by
18 not 19 matched
20 by 22 rhetoric
21 the 22 rhetoric

future initiatives should focus on supporting nurses and other healthcare professionals to develop the competencies required to facilitate greater participation by older people who wish to become more involved in their care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 initiatives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 future 2 initiatives
2 initiatives 3 should
3 should 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
5 on 6 supporting
6 supporting 7 nurses
8 and 11 professionals
8 and 18 facilitate
9 other 11 professionals
10 healthcare 11 professionals
11 professionals 12 to
11 professionals 17 to
11 professionals 18 facilitate
12 to 13 develop
13 develop 15 competencies
14 the 15 competencies
15 competencies 16 required
16 required 17 to
18 facilitate 20 participation
19 greater 20 participation
20 participation 21 by
20 participation 29 involved
21 by 23 people
22 older 23 people
23 people 24 who
23 people 25 wish
24 who 25 wish
25 wish 26 to
25 wish 27 become
26 to 27 become
27 become 28 more
29 involved 30 in
30 in 32 care
31 their 32 care

aim : to examine [how] older persons in need of home - nursing care and their relatives experience the discharge process and develop a model that explains the experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 15 and
2 : 22 and
3 to 4 examine
3 to 12 -
3 to 15 and
4 examine 7 persons
4 examine 8 in
6 older 7 persons
8 in 9 need
9 need 10 of
10 of 11 home
13 nursing 14 care
14 care 15 and
15 and 17 relatives
15 and 22 and
16 their 17 relatives
18 experience 21 process
18 experience 22 and
19 the 21 process
20 discharge 21 process
22 and 23 develop
23 develop 25 model
24 a 25 model
25 model 26 that
25 model 27 explains
26 that 27 explains
27 explains 29 experience
28 the 29 experience

background : the discharge process has well [-] known deficiencies and is therefore a challenging issue requiring improvement in many countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 process
2 : 11 and
2 : 22 .
3 the 5 process
4 discharge 5 process
5 process 11 and
6 has 9 known
6 has 11 and
7 well 9 known
9 known 10 deficiencies
11 and 12 is
11 and 19 in
12 is 13 therefore
12 is 16 issue
14 a 16 issue
15 challenging 16 issue
16 issue 17 requiring
17 requiring 18 improvement
19 in 21 countries
20 many 21 countries

research focusing on patient - centred factors has attracted very little critical attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 attracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 research 2 focusing
1 research 8 has
2 focusing 3 on
3 on 7 factors
4 patient 5 -
4 patient 7 factors
6 centred 7 factors
8 has 9 attracted
9 attracted 13 attention
10 very 11 little
11 little 13 attention
12 critical 13 attention

design : grounded theory was used to analyze semi - structured interviews with 26 older persons and their relatives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 theory
2 : 6 used
3 grounded 4 theory
4 theory 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 analyze
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 12 interviews
8 analyze 13 with
9 semi 10 -
9 semi 12 interviews
11 structured 12 interviews
13 with 17 and
14 26 16 persons
15 older 16 persons
16 persons 17 and
17 and 19 relatives
18 their 19 relatives

findings : the analysis resulted in a theoretical model that depicts factors determining whether the older persons and their relatives feel prepared or unprepared for life at home at the time of discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
2 : 5 resulted
2 : 34 .
3 the 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 resulted
5 resulted 6 in
6 in 9 model
7 a 9 model
8 theoretical 9 model
9 model 10 that
9 model 11 depicts
9 model 13 determining
10 that 11 depicts
11 depicts 12 factors
13 determining 14 whether
14 whether 18 and
14 whether 21 feel
15 the 17 persons
16 older 17 persons
17 persons 18 and
18 and 20 relatives
18 and 21 feel
19 their 20 relatives
21 feel 23 or
22 prepared 23 or
23 or 24 unprepared
24 unprepared 25 for
24 unprepared 27 at
25 for 26 life
27 at 28 home
28 home 29 at
28 home 32 of
29 at 31 time
30 the 31 time
32 of 33 discharge

conclusions : the older persons [and/or] their relatives felt prepared at the time of discharge if their needs were satisfied in the three significant areas of preparation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 persons
3 the 5 persons
4 older 5 persons
5 persons 8 relatives
5 persons 10 prepared
7 their 8 relatives
8 relatives 9 felt
8 relatives 10 prepared
10 prepared 11 at
10 prepared 16 if
11 at 13 time
12 the 13 time
13 time 14 of
14 of 15 discharge
16 if 18 needs
16 if 20 satisfied
17 their 18 needs
18 needs 19 were
19 were 20 satisfied
20 satisfied 21 in
21 in 25 areas
22 the 23 three
23 three 25 areas
24 significant 25 areas
25 areas 26 of
26 of 27 preparation

not only were the professionals ' skills of the utmost importance in preparing the older persons/relatives , but also the latter 's own [approach] if the professionals were unskilled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 not 2 only
1 not 3 were
1 not 22 's
3 were 7 skills
4 the 5 professionals
5 professionals 6 '
6 ' 7 skills
7 skills 8 of
8 of 10 utmost
9 the 10 utmost
11 importance 12 in
11 importance 22 's
12 in 13 preparing
13 preparing 18 but
14 the 16 persons/relatives
15 older 16 persons/relatives
16 persons/relatives 18 but
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 also
18 but 21 latter
20 the 21 latter
22 's 23 own
22 's 25 if
25 if 27 professionals
25 if 28 were
26 the 27 professionals
27 professionals 28 were
28 were 29 unskilled

relevance for clinical practice : a knowledge of the preparation areas and skills can be of use for improving the quality of the discharge process from the older persons ' and their relatives ' perspective , i.e . through policies , checklists and teaching programmes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 practice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 relevance 2 for
2 for 3 clinical
3 clinical 4 practice
5 : 15 be
5 : 36 ,
5 : 37 i.e
5 : 38 .
6 a 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 8 of
7 knowledge 14 can
8 of 12 and
9 the 11 areas
10 preparation 11 areas
11 areas 12 and
12 and 13 skills
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 of
16 of 31 and
17 use 18 for
17 use 22 of
17 use 26 from
17 use 31 and
18 for 19 improving
19 improving 21 quality
20 the 21 quality
22 of 25 process
23 the 25 process
24 discharge 25 process
26 from 30 '
27 the 29 persons
28 older 29 persons
29 persons 30 '
31 and 35 perspective
32 their 33 relatives
33 relatives 34 '
34 ' 35 perspective
36 , 37 i.e
38 . 40 policies
38 . 41 ,
38 . 46 .
39 through 40 policies
41 , 43 and
42 checklists 43 and
43 and 45 programmes
44 teaching 45 programmes

we performed this study to assess our ipl - ala - [pdt] protocol for photorejuvenation in asian skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 4 study
2 performed 5 to
3 this 4 study
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 13 protocol
6 assess 14 for
6 assess 16 in
7 our 13 protocol
8 ipl 10 ala
9 - 10 ala
10 ala 11 -
10 ala 13 protocol
14 for 15 photorejuvenation
16 in 18 skin
17 asian 18 skin

to determine an appropriate dose , ala ointment ( 0 - 20 % ) was applied to the upper arm of five healthy volunteers and the fluorescence intensity ( fi ) was measured using a spectrofluorometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 5 dose
2 determine 16 applied
3 an 4 appropriate
3 an 5 dose
4 appropriate 5 dose
5 dose 8 ointment
5 dose 15 was
6 , 8 ointment
7 ala 8 ointment
8 ointment 13 %
8 ointment 14 )
9 ( 13 %
10 0 11 -
11 - 12 20
11 - 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 was 16 applied
16 applied 17 to
17 to 20 arm
18 the 20 arm
19 upper 20 arm
20 arm 21 of
21 of 24 volunteers
22 five 24 volunteers
23 healthy 24 volunteers
25 and 28 intensity
25 and 32 was
26 the 28 intensity
27 fluorescence 28 intensity
28 intensity 30 fi
28 intensity 32 was
29 ( 30 fi
30 fi 31 )
32 was 33 measured
33 measured 34 using
34 using 36 spectrofluorometer
35 a 36 spectrofluorometer

[non] - linear regression analysis of fi 2 h after ala application with global fitting gave a typical sigmoid dose [-] response curve with r² = 0.9705 and saturation after 5 % ala . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 gave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 - 5 analysis
3 linear 4 regression
4 regression 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 of
5 analysis 10 after
5 analysis 13 with
5 analysis 16 gave
6 of 7 fi
8 2 9 h
9 h 10 after
10 after 12 application
11 ala 12 application
13 with 15 fitting
14 global 15 fitting
16 gave 23 curve
16 gave 27 0.9705
16 gave 28 and
17 a 18 typical
17 a 23 curve
18 typical 20 dose
19 sigmoid 20 dose
20 dose 23 curve
22 response 23 curve
23 curve 24 with
24 with 25 r²
26 = 27 0.9705
28 and 29 saturation
29 saturation 30 after
30 after 33 ala
31 5 32 %
32 % 33 ala

the entire faces of 16 japanese women [with] photodamage were then treated with ipl ( 500 - 670 and 870 - 1400 nm , 23 - 30 j/cm² ) 2 h after application of 5 % ala to one side of the face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 faces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 faces
2 entire 3 faces
3 faces 4 of
3 faces 7 women
3 faces 9 photodamage
3 faces 10 were
4 of 5 16
6 japanese 7 women
7 women 9 photodamage
10 were 12 treated
11 then 12 treated
12 treated 13 with
12 treated 32 after
12 treated 38 to
13 with 14 ipl
13 with 19 and
14 ipl 16 500
15 ( 16 500
16 500 17 -
18 670 19 and
19 and 20 870
19 and 23 nm
19 and 28 j/cm²
21 - 23 nm
22 1400 23 nm
23 nm 24 ,
24 , 28 j/cm²
25 23 26 -
26 - 27 30
26 - 28 j/cm²
28 j/cm² 29 )
30 2 31 h
31 h 32 after
32 after 33 application
33 application 34 of
34 of 37 ala
35 5 36 %
36 % 37 ala
38 to 40 side
39 one 40 side
40 side 41 of
41 of 43 face
42 the 43 face

three treatments were delivered at 4 - week intervals [with] follow - up visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 delivered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 three 2 treatments
2 treatments 3 were
3 were 4 delivered
4 delivered 5 at
5 at 6 4
7 - 9 intervals
7 - 11 follow
7 - 12 -
8 week 9 intervals
9 intervals 11 follow
12 - 13 up
12 - 15 .
13 up 14 visits

comparative analysis of photorejuvenation showed noticeable improvements on both sides of the face , although the reduction in the photoaging score from baseline did not differ significantly between the two sides in all subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 comparative 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 5 showed
3 of 4 photorejuvenation
5 showed 7 improvements
5 showed 10 sides
5 showed 15 although
6 noticeable 7 improvements
7 improvements 8 on
8 on 9 both
10 sides 11 of
11 of 13 face
12 the 13 face
14 , 15 although
15 although 17 reduction
16 the 17 reduction
17 reduction 18 in
17 reduction 24 did
18 in 21 score
19 the 21 score
20 photoaging 21 score
21 score 22 from
22 from 23 baseline
24 did 25 not
24 did 26 differ
26 differ 27 significantly
26 differ 28 between
26 differ 32 in
28 between 31 sides
29 the 30 two
30 two 31 sides
32 in 34 subjects
33 all 34 subjects

despite this finding , 75 % of the patients felt that the ipl - ala [-] [pdt] - treated side of the face showed greater improvement than the ipl - treated side . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 felt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
1 despite 3 finding
1 despite 4 ,
1 despite 6 %
2 this 3 finding
5 75 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 10 felt
7 of 9 patients
8 the 9 patients
10 felt 11 that
11 that 20 side
11 that 24 showed
12 the 20 side
13 ipl 15 ala
14 - 15 ala
15 ala 18 -
15 ala 19 treated
19 treated 20 side
20 side 21 of
20 side 24 showed
21 of 23 face
22 the 23 face
24 showed 26 improvement
24 showed 27 than
25 greater 26 improvement
27 than 29 ipl
28 the 29 ipl
30 - 32 side
30 - 33 .
31 treated 32 side

however , all ipl - ala [-] [pdt] - treated sides showed adverse effects such as erythema and pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 sides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 sides
3 all 11 sides
4 ipl 6 ala
5 - 6 ala
6 ala 9 -
6 ala 10 treated
10 treated 11 sides
11 sides 12 showed
12 showed 14 effects
13 adverse 14 effects
14 effects 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 and
17 erythema 18 and
18 and 19 pain

therefore , we conclude that the ipl - ala - [pdt] protocol requires optimization [for] photorejuvenation in asians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 conclude
4 conclude 5 that
5 that 12 protocol
5 that 13 requires
6 the 12 protocol
7 ipl 9 ala
8 - 9 ala
9 ala 10 -
9 ala 12 protocol
12 protocol 13 requires
13 requires 16 photorejuvenation
13 requires 17 in
14 optimization 16 photorejuvenation
17 in 18 asians

childhood iq and adult morbidity and mortality are known to be linked even beyond socioeconomic variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 childhood 2 iq
2 iq 3 and
3 and 5 morbidity
3 and 6 and
4 adult 5 morbidity
6 and 7 mortality
6 and 8 are
8 are 9 known
9 known 10 to
9 known 12 linked
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 linked
12 linked 13 even
13 even 14 beyond
14 beyond 16 variables
15 socioeconomic 16 variables

yet , their interrelations are insufficiently understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interrelations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 interrelations
3 their 4 interrelations
4 interrelations 5 are
5 are 7 understood
6 insufficiently 7 understood

it has been suggested that bodily sensations play a fundamental role in health - related self - regulation and that intelligence can influence the information processing of these somatic signals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 7 sensations
5 that 8 play
6 bodily 7 sensations
7 sensations 8 play
8 play 11 role
8 play 12 in
9 a 11 role
10 fundamental 11 role
12 in 13 health
14 - 16 self
14 - 17 -
14 - 23 influence
15 related 16 self
17 - 19 and
18 regulation 19 and
19 and 20 that
19 and 21 intelligence
19 and 23 influence
21 intelligence 22 can
22 can 23 influence
23 influence 26 processing
24 the 26 processing
25 information 26 processing
26 processing 27 of
27 of 30 signals
28 these 30 signals
29 somatic 30 signals

this assumption is supported by reports on the influence of iq on the exteroceptive [(] e.g . visual and auditory ) and interoceptive ( e.g [.] autonomic nervous system [and] posture ) perception and processing of somatic information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 assumption
2 assumption 3 is
3 is 4 supported
4 supported 5 by
5 by 6 reports
6 reports 7 on
6 reports 10 of
7 on 9 influence
8 the 9 influence
10 of 11 iq
11 iq 12 on
12 on 16 e.g
13 the 16 e.g
14 exteroceptive 16 e.g
17 . 34 and
18 visual 19 and
19 and 20 auditory
19 and 21 )
19 and 22 and
22 and 33 perception
22 and 34 and
23 interoceptive 31 posture
23 interoceptive 33 perception
24 ( 31 posture
25 e.g 31 posture
27 autonomic 29 system
28 nervous 29 system
29 system 31 posture
31 posture 32 )
34 and 35 processing
35 processing 36 of
36 of 38 information
37 somatic 38 information

based on these findings the hypothesis of psychosomatic intelligence ( pi ) is introduced as an additional conceptual framework to probe the link between childhood iq and adult health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 probe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 13 is
1 based 15 as
1 based 20 to
2 on 4 findings
3 these 4 findings
5 the 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 of
6 hypothesis 13 is
7 of 11 pi
8 psychosomatic 9 intelligence
9 intelligence 11 pi
10 ( 11 pi
11 pi 12 )
13 is 14 introduced
15 as 19 framework
16 an 17 additional
16 an 19 framework
17 additional 19 framework
18 conceptual 19 framework
20 to 21 probe
21 probe 23 link
21 probe 24 between
22 the 23 link
24 between 27 and
25 childhood 26 iq
26 iq 27 and
27 and 30 status
28 adult 30 status
29 health 30 status

it implies a specific cognitive ability concerning the perception , interpretation , and self - regulation of bodily sensations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 2 implies
2 implies 6 ability
3 a 4 specific
3 a 6 ability
4 specific 6 ability
5 cognitive 6 ability
6 ability 7 concerning
7 concerning 9 perception
8 the 9 perception
9 perception 13 and
10 , 13 and
11 interpretation 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 self
13 and 15 -
15 - 16 regulation
16 regulation 17 of
17 of 19 sensations
18 bodily 19 sensations

in this model , somatic signals are considered to reflect both [intra] - individual processes and individual - environment interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 signals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 model
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 signals
2 this 3 model
5 somatic 6 signals
6 signals 7 are
7 are 8 considered
8 considered 9 to
8 considered 10 reflect
9 to 10 reflect
10 reflect 11 both
13 - 16 and
14 individual 15 processes
15 processes 16 and
16 and 20 interactions
17 individual 18 -
17 individual 19 environment
19 environment 20 interactions

[based] on this hypothesis the influence of intelligence on cognitive efforts to [self] [-] regulate somatic phenomena is amenable to systematic testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 on
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 on 4 hypothesis
2 on 18 is
3 this 4 hypothesis
5 the 6 influence
6 influence 7 of
6 influence 18 is
7 of 8 intelligence
8 intelligence 9 on
9 on 11 efforts
10 cognitive 11 efforts
11 efforts 12 to
11 efforts 15 regulate
12 to 15 regulate
15 regulate 17 phenomena
16 somatic 17 phenomena
18 is 19 amenable
19 amenable 20 to
20 to 22 testing
21 systematic 22 testing

objective : the purposes of this study were to determine the relationship between muscle mass , muscle strength , muscle quality , and fat mass with a composite measure [of] physical function in older adults , and to determine whether these relations differed by age and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 purposes
2 : 15 mass
2 : 16 ,
2 : 48 .
3 the 4 purposes
4 purposes 5 of
4 purposes 7 study
4 purposes 10 determine
4 purposes 13 between
4 purposes 15 mass
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 were
8 were 9 to
8 were 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 12 relationship
11 the 12 relationship
13 between 14 muscle
16 , 17 muscle
16 , 19 ,
17 muscle 18 strength
19 , 23 and
19 , 37 and
20 muscle 21 quality
21 quality 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 fat
23 and 37 and
25 mass 26 with
25 mass 37 and
26 with 32 function
26 with 33 in
27 a 32 function
28 composite 29 measure
29 measure 32 function
31 physical 32 function
33 in 35 adults
34 older 35 adults
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 to
37 and 39 determine
38 to 39 determine
39 determine 40 whether
39 determine 44 by
40 whether 42 relations
40 whether 43 differed
41 these 42 relations
42 relations 43 differed
44 by 46 and
45 age 46 and
46 and 47 sex

method : participants consisted of 1280 adults aged ≥ 55 yr from the nhanes study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 consisted
2 : 16 .
3 participants 4 consisted
4 consisted 5 of
5 of 7 adults
6 1280 7 adults
7 adults 8 aged
8 aged 9 ≥
9 ≥ 12 from
10 55 11 yr
11 yr 12 from
12 from 15 study
13 the 15 study
14 nhanes 15 study

reduced rank regression was used to identify patterns of muscle [mass] , muscle strength , muscle quality , and fat mass related to [physical] function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
1 reduced 3 regression
2 rank 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 8 patterns
8 patterns 9 of
8 patterns 14 strength
9 of 10 muscle
12 , 14 strength
13 muscle 14 strength
14 strength 15 ,
15 , 22 related
16 muscle 17 quality
17 quality 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 mass
19 and 22 related
20 fat 21 mass
22 related 23 to
22 related 26 .
23 to 25 function

results : a single relevant pattern emerged that included leg strength and fat mass as predictors of the 7 physical function variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 6 pattern
2 : 7 emerged
3 a 6 pattern
4 single 6 pattern
5 relevant 6 pattern
6 pattern 7 emerged
7 emerged 12 and
7 emerged 15 as
8 that 9 included
9 included 10 leg
10 leg 11 strength
11 strength 12 and
12 and 14 mass
13 fat 14 mass
15 as 16 predictors
16 predictors 17 of
17 of 22 variables
18 the 22 variables
19 7 22 variables
20 physical 21 function
21 function 22 variables

the leg strength loading was significantly greater than the fat mass loading in men and women aged 55 - 64 and ≥ 75 , and differed between sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 loading
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 loading
2 leg 4 loading
3 strength 4 loading
4 loading 25 and
5 was 7 greater
5 was 25 and
6 significantly 7 greater
7 greater 8 than
7 greater 13 in
8 than 12 loading
9 the 12 loading
10 fat 12 loading
11 mass 12 loading
13 in 21 and
14 men 15 and
15 and 16 women
15 and 17 aged
15 and 21 and
17 aged 19 -
18 55 19 -
19 - 20 64
21 and 22 ≥
22 ≥ 23 75
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 differed
25 and 27 between
27 between 28 sexes

conclusion : leg strength and fat mass best predict physical function [in] older adults and the relative importance varies according to age and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 leg
3 leg 5 and
3 leg 9 predict
4 strength 5 and
5 and 7 mass
5 and 9 predict
6 fat 7 mass
8 best 9 predict
9 predict 14 adults
10 physical 11 function
11 function 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 and 18 importance
15 and 19 varies
16 the 18 importance
17 relative 18 importance
18 importance 19 varies
19 varies 21 to
20 according 21 to
21 to 23 and
22 age 23 and
23 and 24 sex

the present study investigated the changes in several erythrocyte oxidative stress biomarkers in hypoxic elderly individuals to analyze the deleterious effects of low oxyhemoglobin saturation in an elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 changes
4 investigated 7 in
5 the 6 changes
7 in 12 biomarkers
8 several 12 biomarkers
9 erythrocyte 11 stress
10 oxidative 11 stress
11 stress 12 biomarkers
12 biomarkers 13 in
13 in 16 individuals
14 hypoxic 16 individuals
15 elderly 16 individuals
16 individuals 17 to
16 individuals 18 analyze
17 to 18 analyze
18 analyze 21 effects
18 analyze 26 in
19 the 21 effects
20 deleterious 21 effects
21 effects 22 of
22 of 25 saturation
23 low 24 oxyhemoglobin
24 oxyhemoglobin 25 saturation
26 in 29 population
27 an 29 population
28 elderly 29 population

we collected blood samples from one normoxic middle - aged group and two groups composed of individuals older than 75 years of age : one normoxic group and one hypoxic group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 collected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 collected
2 collected 4 samples
3 blood 4 samples
4 samples 5 from
5 from 8 middle
6 one 8 middle
7 normoxic 8 middle
8 middle 12 and
9 - 12 and
10 aged 11 group
11 group 12 and
12 and 14 groups
12 and 24 :
13 two 14 groups
14 groups 15 composed
14 groups 16 of
14 groups 22 of
16 of 17 individuals
17 individuals 18 older
18 older 19 than
19 than 21 years
20 75 21 years
22 of 23 age
24 : 28 and
25 one 27 group
26 normoxic 27 group
27 group 28 and
28 and 31 group
29 one 31 group
30 hypoxic 31 group

aging appeared to provoke a defective erythrocyte antioxidant defense associated with increased oxidative damage in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 aging 2 appeared
2 appeared 3 to
2 appeared 4 provoke
3 to 4 provoke
4 provoke 9 defense
5 a 9 defense
6 defective 9 defense
7 erythrocyte 9 defense
8 antioxidant 9 defense
9 defense 10 associated
9 defense 11 with
11 with 14 damage
12 increased 14 damage
13 oxidative 14 damage
14 damage 15 in
15 in 18 population
16 the 18 population
17 elderly 18 population

acute hypoxia activated an insufficient antioxidant defense response as suggested by the oxidative damage observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypoxia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggested
1 acute 2 hypoxia
2 hypoxia 3 activated
3 activated 8 response
3 activated 9 as
4 an 5 insufficient
4 an 8 response
5 insufficient 6 antioxidant
6 antioxidant 8 response
7 defense 8 response
9 as 10 suggested
10 suggested 11 by
10 suggested 16 .
11 by 14 damage
12 the 14 damage
13 oxidative 14 damage
14 damage 15 observed

the oxidative imbalance presented [in] older participants and increased in hypoxia participants had a direct effect on glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase cell distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 imbalance
2 oxidative 3 imbalance
3 imbalance 8 and
3 imbalance 13 had
4 presented 7 participants
4 presented 8 and
6 older 7 participants
8 and 9 increased
8 and 10 in
8 and 12 participants
11 hypoxia 12 participants
13 had 16 effect
14 a 15 direct
14 a 16 effect
15 direct 16 effect
16 effect 17 on
17 on 25 distribution
18 glyceraldehyde 20 3
18 glyceraldehyde 21 -
18 glyceraldehyde 22 phosphate
19 - 20 3
20 3 21 -
22 phosphate 23 dehydrogenase
23 dehydrogenase 25 distribution
24 cell 25 distribution

oxidative stress levels altered band 3 protein and mediated caspase - 3 activation in erythrocyte from the aged group although it was not extended to hypoxic individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 levels
3 levels 4 altered
4 altered 13 activation
4 altered 14 in
4 altered 16 from
4 altered 20 although
5 band 6 3
5 band 13 activation
7 protein 8 and
8 and 10 caspase
8 and 11 -
8 and 13 activation
9 mediated 10 caspase
12 3 13 activation
14 in 15 erythrocyte
16 from 19 group
17 the 19 group
18 aged 19 group
20 although 21 it
21 it 22 was
22 was 23 not
22 was 25 to
23 not 24 extended
25 to 27 individuals
26 hypoxic 27 individuals

therefore , aged participants appeared to activate an insufficient antioxidant response against hypoxia - related oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 participants
3 aged 4 participants
4 participants 5 appeared
5 appeared 6 to
5 appeared 7 activate
6 to 7 activate
7 activate 11 response
7 activate 12 against
8 an 9 insufficient
8 an 11 response
9 insufficient 11 response
10 antioxidant 11 response
12 against 13 hypoxia
14 - 15 related
15 related 17 stress
15 related 18 .
16 oxidative 17 stress

the artificial iris is the structure responsible for the dissimulation and aesthetics of ocular prosthesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 iris
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 iris
2 artificial 3 iris
3 iris 4 is
4 is 6 structure
5 the 6 structure
6 structure 7 responsible
7 responsible 8 for
8 for 11 and
9 the 10 dissimulation
10 dissimulation 11 and
11 and 12 aesthetics
11 and 13 of
13 of 15 prosthesis
14 ocular 15 prosthesis

the objective of the present study was to evaluate the color stability [of] artificial iris of microwaveable polymerized ocular prosthesis , as a function of paint type , drying method and accelerated aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 15 iris
10 the 15 iris
11 color 15 iris
12 stability 15 iris
14 artificial 15 iris
15 iris 16 of
16 of 20 prosthesis
17 microwaveable 20 prosthesis
18 polymerized 20 prosthesis
19 ocular 20 prosthesis
21 , 27 type
21 , 28 ,
22 as 24 function
22 as 27 type
23 a 24 function
24 function 25 of
25 of 26 paint
28 , 31 and
29 drying 30 method
30 method 31 and
31 and 33 aging
32 accelerated 33 aging

a total of 40 discs of microwaveable polymerized acrylic resin were fabricated , and divided according to the blue paint type ( n = 5 ) : hydrosoluble acrylic , nitrocellulose automotive , hydrosoluble gouache and oil paints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 30 ,
3 of 5 discs
4 40 5 discs
5 discs 6 of
6 of 9 acrylic
7 microwaveable 9 acrylic
8 polymerized 9 acrylic
9 acrylic 10 resin
9 acrylic 14 and
10 resin 14 and
11 were 12 fabricated
11 were 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 divided
14 and 16 according
16 according 17 to
16 according 27 :
17 to 21 type
18 the 21 type
19 blue 20 paint
20 paint 21 type
21 type 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 5
24 = 26 )
27 : 29 acrylic
28 hydrosoluble 29 acrylic
30 , 35 gouache
30 , 36 and
31 nitrocellulose 35 gouache
32 automotive 33 ,
32 automotive 35 gouache
34 hydrosoluble 35 gouache
36 and 38 paints
37 oil 38 paints

paints [where] dried either at natural or [at] infrared light bulb method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 paints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 paints 3 dried
3 dried 4 either
3 dried 5 at
5 at 12 method
6 natural 7 or
7 or 9 infrared
7 or 10 light
10 light 11 bulb
11 bulb 12 method

each specimen was constituted of one disc in colorless acrylic resin and another colored with a basic sclera pigment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 constituted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 each 2 specimen
2 specimen 3 was
3 was 4 constituted
4 constituted 5 of
4 constituted 8 in
4 constituted 15 with
5 of 7 disc
6 one 7 disc
8 in 12 and
9 colorless 10 acrylic
10 acrylic 11 resin
11 resin 12 and
12 and 13 another
13 another 14 colored
15 with 19 pigment
16 a 17 basic
16 a 19 pigment
17 basic 19 pigment
18 sclera 19 pigment

painting was performed in one surface of one of the discs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 painting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 painting 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 in
4 in 6 surface
5 one 6 surface
6 surface 7 of
7 of 8 one
8 one 9 of
9 of 11 discs
10 the 11 discs

the specimens were submitted to an artificial aging chamber under ultraviolet light , during 1008 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 submitted
1 the 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 were
3 were 4 submitted
4 submitted 5 to
4 submitted 10 under
5 to 9 chamber
6 an 7 artificial
6 an 9 chamber
7 artificial 9 chamber
8 aging 9 chamber
10 under 12 light
11 ultraviolet 12 light
12 light 14 during
13 , 14 during
14 during 16 h
14 during 17 .
15 1008 16 h

a reflective spectrophotometer was used to evaluate color changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 spectrophotometer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 a 2 reflective
1 a 3 spectrophotometer
2 reflective 3 spectrophotometer
3 spectrophotometer 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 evaluate
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 8 color
7 evaluate 9 changes
8 color 9 changes

data [were] evaluated by 3 - way repeated - measures anova and the tukey hsd test ( α [=] 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 data 3 evaluated
1 data 8 repeated
1 data 10 measures
3 evaluated 4 by
4 by 5 3
6 - 8 repeated
7 way 8 repeated
8 repeated 9 -
10 measures 12 and
11 anova 12 and
12 and 16 test
12 and 18 α
13 the 16 test
14 tukey 15 hsd
15 hsd 16 test
17 ( 18 α
18 α 20 0.05
18 α 21 )

all paints suffered color alteration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 color
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 all 2 paints
2 paints 3 suffered
2 paints 4 color
4 color 5 alteration

the oil paint presented the highest color resistance to artificial aging regardless of drying method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 paint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 paint
2 oil 3 paint
3 paint 4 presented
4 presented 8 resistance
4 presented 9 to
4 presented 13 of
5 the 6 highest
5 the 8 resistance
7 color 8 resistance
9 to 11 aging
10 artificial 11 aging
12 regardless 13 of
13 of 15 method
14 drying 15 method

endothelium regulates local vascular tone by means of releasing relaxing and contracting factors , of which the latter have been found to be elevated in vascular pathogenesis of hypertension [,] diabetes , hypercholesterolemia , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 endothelium 11 and
1 endothelium 35 and
2 regulates 5 tone
2 regulates 11 and
3 local 5 tone
4 vascular 5 tone
5 tone 6 by
6 by 7 means
7 means 8 of
8 of 9 releasing
9 releasing 10 relaxing
11 and 12 contracting
11 and 13 factors
13 factors 15 of
14 , 15 of
15 of 16 which
15 of 34 ,
16 which 18 latter
16 which 21 found
17 the 18 latter
18 latter 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 found
21 found 22 to
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 elevated
24 elevated 25 in
24 elevated 32 ,
24 elevated 33 hypercholesterolemia
25 in 27 pathogenesis
26 vascular 27 pathogenesis
27 pathogenesis 28 of
28 of 31 diabetes
29 hypertension 31 diabetes
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 aging

endothelium - derived contracting factors ( edcfs ) are mainly metabolites of arachidonic acid generated by cyclooxygenase ( cox ) , as vasodilatations in patients [with] [hypertension] , metabolic diseases , or advancing age are improved by acute treatment with cox inhibitor indomethacin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 endothelium 2 -
1 endothelium 5 factors
3 derived 5 factors
4 contracting 5 factors
5 factors 7 edcfs
5 factors 9 are
6 ( 7 edcfs
7 edcfs 8 )
9 are 10 mainly
9 are 11 metabolites
11 metabolites 12 of
11 metabolites 16 by
11 metabolites 22 as
12 of 14 acid
13 arachidonic 14 acid
14 acid 15 generated
16 by 17 cyclooxygenase
17 cyclooxygenase 19 cox
18 ( 19 cox
19 cox 20 )
21 , 22 as
22 as 23 vasodilatations
22 as 28 ,
23 vasodilatations 24 in
24 in 25 patients
28 , 32 or
28 , 36 improved
29 metabolic 30 diseases
30 diseases 32 or
31 , 32 or
32 or 34 age
32 or 35 are
33 advancing 34 age
35 are 36 improved
36 improved 37 by
36 improved 40 with
37 by 39 treatment
38 acute 39 treatment
40 with 43 indomethacin
41 cox 43 indomethacin
42 inhibitor 43 indomethacin

cox is presented in two isoforms , cox - 1 and cox - 2 , with the former regarded as constitutive and the latter mainly expressed upon induction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 cox 2 is
2 is 3 presented
3 presented 4 in
4 in 6 isoforms
5 two 6 isoforms
6 isoforms 8 cox
7 , 8 cox
8 cox 9 -
9 - 10 1
9 - 11 and
11 and 22 and
11 and 26 expressed
12 cox 14 2
12 cox 16 with
12 cox 19 regarded
12 cox 22 and
13 - 14 2
14 2 15 ,
16 with 18 former
17 the 18 former
19 regarded 20 as
20 as 21 constitutive
22 and 24 latter
22 and 26 expressed
23 the 24 latter
25 mainly 26 expressed
26 expressed 27 upon
27 upon 28 induction

experiments with animal models of vascular dysfunctions , however , reveal that both isoforms have similar capacity to participate in endothelium - dependent contractions , with augmented expression and activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 experiments 2 with
1 experiments 5 of
1 experiments 11 reveal
2 with 4 models
3 animal 4 models
5 of 7 dysfunctions
6 vascular 7 dysfunctions
8 , 9 however
9 however 10 ,
9 however 11 reveal
11 reveal 12 that
12 that 14 isoforms
12 that 15 have
13 both 14 isoforms
14 isoforms 15 have
15 have 17 capacity
16 similar 17 capacity
17 capacity 18 to
17 capacity 19 participate
18 to 19 participate
19 participate 20 in
19 participate 26 with
20 in 21 endothelium
21 endothelium 24 contractions
22 - 24 contractions
23 dependent 24 contractions
24 contractions 25 ,
26 with 29 and
27 augmented 28 expression
28 expression 29 and
29 and 30 activity

cox - derived prostaglandin ( pg ) [h] ( 2 ) , pgf ( 2α ) , pge ( 2 ) , prostacyclin ( pgi ( 2 ) ) , and thromboxane a ( 2 ) ( txa ( 2 ) ) are the proposed edcfs that mediate endothelium - dependent contractions via the activation of thromboxane - prostanoid ( tp ) [receptor] in various vascular beds from different species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 71 .
1 cox 4 prostaglandin
1 cox 31 and
2 - 4 prostaglandin
3 derived 4 prostaglandin
4 prostaglandin 6 pg
4 prostaglandin 10 2
4 prostaglandin 13 pgf
4 prostaglandin 18 pge
4 prostaglandin 30 ,
5 ( 6 pg
6 pg 7 )
9 ( 10 2
10 2 11 )
12 , 13 pgf
13 pgf 15 2α
13 pgf 16 )
14 ( 15 2α
15 2α 16 )
17 , 18 pge
18 pge 20 2
18 pge 23 prostacyclin
18 pge 30 ,
19 ( 20 2
20 2 21 )
22 , 23 prostacyclin
23 prostacyclin 25 pgi
23 prostacyclin 30 ,
24 ( 25 pgi
25 pgi 27 2
25 pgi 29 )
26 ( 27 2
27 2 28 )
31 and 32 thromboxane
31 and 35 2
31 and 38 txa
31 and 43 are
32 thromboxane 33 a
34 ( 35 2
35 2 36 )
37 ( 38 txa
38 txa 40 2
38 txa 42 )
39 ( 40 2
40 2 41 )
43 are 46 edcfs
44 the 46 edcfs
45 proposed 46 edcfs
46 edcfs 47 that
46 edcfs 48 mediate
47 that 48 mediate
48 mediate 49 endothelium
48 mediate 64 in
49 endothelium 52 contractions
50 - 52 contractions
51 dependent 52 contractions
52 contractions 53 via
52 contractions 61 tp
52 contractions 62 )
53 via 55 activation
54 the 55 activation
55 activation 56 of
56 of 59 prostanoid
57 thromboxane 58 -
57 thromboxane 59 prostanoid
60 ( 61 tp
61 tp 62 )
64 in 67 beds
65 various 67 beds
66 vascular 67 beds
67 beds 68 from
68 from 70 species
69 different 70 species

although cox inhibition seems to be a possible strategy in combating cox - associated vascular complications , the incidence of adverse cardiovascular effects of vioxx has greatly antagonized this concept . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 2 cox
1 although 3 inhibition
3 inhibition 4 seems
4 seems 5 to
4 seems 6 be
5 to 6 be
6 be 9 strategy
7 a 8 possible
7 a 9 strategy
8 possible 9 strategy
9 strategy 10 in
9 strategy 16 complications
10 in 11 combating
11 combating 12 cox
13 - 16 complications
14 associated 16 complications
15 vascular 16 complications
16 complications 17 ,
17 , 19 incidence
17 , 28 antagonized
18 the 19 incidence
19 incidence 20 of
19 incidence 24 of
19 incidence 26 has
20 of 23 effects
21 adverse 23 effects
22 cardiovascular 23 effects
24 of 25 vioxx
26 has 28 antagonized
27 greatly 28 antagonized
28 antagonized 30 concept
29 this 30 concept

further review of cox inhibitors is required , especially toward the selectivity of coxibs and whether it directly inhibits prostacyclin synthase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 further 2 review
2 review 3 of
2 review 6 is
3 of 5 inhibitors
4 cox 5 inhibitors
6 is 7 required
8 , 17 it
8 , 19 inhibits
9 especially 17 it
10 toward 12 selectivity
10 toward 17 it
11 the 12 selectivity
12 selectivity 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 coxibs 15 and
15 and 16 whether
17 it 19 inhibits
18 directly 19 inhibits
19 inhibits 22 activity
20 prostacyclin 22 activity
21 synthase 22 activity

meanwhile , tp receptor antagonism may emerge as a therapeutic alternative to reverse prostanoid - mediated vascular dysregulations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 antagonism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 emerge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 meanwhile 2 ,
1 meanwhile 5 antagonism
3 tp 5 antagonism
4 receptor 5 antagonism
5 antagonism 6 may
6 may 7 emerge
7 emerge 8 as
7 emerge 12 to
8 as 11 alternative
9 a 10 therapeutic
9 a 11 alternative
10 therapeutic 11 alternative
12 to 13 reverse
13 reverse 18 dysregulations
14 prostanoid 15 -
14 prostanoid 18 dysregulations
16 mediated 18 dysregulations
17 vascular 18 dysregulations

one year after the discovery in 1980 that the endothelium was obligatory for [acetylcholine] to relax isolated arteries , it was clearly shown that the endothelium could also promote contraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 one 2 year
2 year 3 after
3 after 5 discovery
3 after 17 isolated
3 after 19 ,
3 after 20 it
4 the 5 discovery
5 discovery 6 in
5 discovery 15 to
5 discovery 16 relax
5 discovery 17 isolated
6 in 7 1980
7 1980 8 that
7 1980 13 for
8 that 10 endothelium
8 that 11 was
9 the 10 endothelium
10 endothelium 11 was
11 was 12 obligatory
12 obligatory 13 for
15 to 16 relax
17 isolated 18 arteries
20 it 21 was
21 was 22 clearly
21 was 23 shown
23 shown 24 that
24 that 26 endothelium
24 that 29 promote
25 the 26 endothelium
26 endothelium 27 could
27 could 29 promote
28 also 29 promote
29 promote 30 contraction

in 1988 , dr yanagisawa 's group identified endothelin - 1 ( et - 1 ) as the first endothelium - derived contracting factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 in 2 1988
1 in 3 ,
1 in 7 group
4 dr 5 yanagisawa
5 yanagisawa 6 's
6 's 7 group
7 group 8 identified
8 identified 9 endothelin
8 identified 17 as
9 endothelin 11 1
10 - 11 1
11 1 13 et
11 1 15 1
11 1 16 )
12 ( 13 et
13 et 14 -
14 - 15 1
15 1 16 )
17 as 20 endothelium
18 the 19 first
18 the 20 endothelium
21 - 24 factor
21 - 25 .
22 derived 24 factor
23 contracting 24 factor

the discovery of two receptor subtypes in 1990 , et [(] a ) [and] et [(] b [ )(, permitted optimization of bosentan , which entered clinical development in 1993 , and was offered to patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in 2001 [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subtypes
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 6 subtypes
3 of 5 receptor
4 two 5 receptor
6 subtypes 7 in
6 subtypes 15 et
7 in 8 1990
8 1990 10 et
9 , 10 et
10 et 12 a
10 et 13 )
15 et 17 b
15 et 21 optimization
15 et 25 which
19 )(, 21 optimization
20 permitted 21 optimization
21 optimization 22 of
21 optimization 24 ,
22 of 23 bosentan
24 , 25 which
25 which 32 and
26 entered 28 development
26 entered 29 in
26 entered 32 and
27 clinical 28 development
29 in 30 1993
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 was
33 was 34 offered
34 offered 35 to
34 offered 37 with
35 to 36 patients
37 with 40 hypertension
38 pulmonary 40 hypertension
39 arterial 40 hypertension
40 hypertension 41 in
41 in 42 2001

in this report , we discuss the physiological and pathophysiological role of endothelium - derived et - 1 , the pharmacology of its two receptors , focusing on the regulation of the vascular tone and as much as possible in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 report
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 11 role
7 the 11 role
8 physiological 9 and
9 and 10 pathophysiological
9 and 11 role
11 role 12 of
11 role 27 focusing
12 of 13 endothelium
13 endothelium 16 et
14 - 16 et
15 derived 16 et
16 et 18 1
16 et 21 pharmacology
16 et 26 ,
17 - 18 1
18 1 19 ,
19 , 21 pharmacology
20 the 21 pharmacology
21 pharmacology 22 of
21 pharmacology 26 ,
22 of 25 receptors
23 its 24 two
24 two 25 receptors
27 focusing 28 on
28 on 30 regulation
29 the 30 regulation
30 regulation 31 of
30 regulation 35 and
31 of 33 vascular
32 the 33 vascular
34 tone 35 and
35 and 37 much
35 and 39 possible
35 and 40 in
36 as 37 much
38 as 39 possible
40 in 41 humans

the coronary bed will be used as a running example , but references to the pulmonary , cerebral , and renal circulation will also be made . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 coronary
2 coronary 4 will
2 coronary 13 references
2 coronary 23 will
3 bed 4 will
4 will 12 but
5 be 6 used
5 be 12 but
6 used 7 as
7 as 10 example
8 a 10 example
9 running 10 example
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 references
13 references 14 to
14 to 22 circulation
15 the 22 circulation
16 pulmonary 17 ,
17 , 18 cerebral
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 renal
20 and 22 circulation
23 will 25 be
24 also 25 be
25 be 26 made

many of the cardiovascular complications associated with aging and cardiovascular risk factors are initially attributable [,] at least in part , to endothelial dysfunction , [particularly] dysregulation of the vascular function associated with an imbalance in the close interdependence of no and et - 1 , in which the implication of the et [(] b [ )(receptor may be central [.] 
1 many 2 of
1 many 9 and
2 of 9 and
3 the 5 complications
4 cardiovascular 5 complications
5 complications 6 associated
5 complications 7 with
5 complications 9 and
7 with 8 aging
9 and 10 cardiovascular
9 and 12 factors
9 and 19 in
9 and 20 part
11 risk 12 factors
12 factors 13 are
13 are 14 initially
13 are 15 attributable
15 attributable 18 least
15 attributable 19 in
17 at 18 least
20 part 22 to
20 part 27 dysregulation
21 , 22 to
22 to 24 dysfunction
22 to 25 ,
23 endothelial 24 dysfunction
27 dysregulation 28 of
27 dysregulation 33 with
28 of 31 function
29 the 31 function
30 vascular 31 function
31 function 32 associated
33 with 42 and
34 an 35 imbalance
35 imbalance 36 in
35 imbalance 40 of
35 imbalance 42 and
36 in 39 interdependence
37 the 39 interdependence
38 close 39 interdependence
40 of 41 no
42 and 43 et
43 et 45 1
43 et 47 in
44 - 45 1
45 1 46 ,
47 in 48 which
47 in 50 implication
47 in 59 be
49 the 50 implication
50 implication 51 of
50 implication 58 may
51 of 57 )(receptor
52 the 57 )(receptor
53 et 55 b
53 et 57 )(receptor
58 may 59 be
59 be 60 central

the aging process is characterized by gradual changes to an organism 's macromolecules , which negatively impacts biological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 process
2 aging 3 process
3 process 4 is
4 is 5 characterized
5 characterized 6 by
5 characterized 9 to
6 by 8 changes
7 gradual 8 changes
9 to 13 macromolecules
10 an 11 organism
11 organism 12 's
12 's 13 macromolecules
14 , 15 which
14 , 17 impacts
15 which 17 impacts
16 negatively 17 impacts
17 impacts 19 processes
18 biological 19 processes

the complex macromolecular structure of chromatin regulates all nuclear processes requiring access to the dna sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 structure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 structure
2 complex 4 structure
3 macromolecular 4 structure
4 structure 5 of
4 structure 7 regulates
5 of 6 chromatin
7 regulates 10 processes
8 all 10 processes
9 nuclear 10 processes
10 processes 11 requiring
11 requiring 12 access
11 requiring 13 to
13 to 16 sequence
14 the 16 sequence
15 dna 16 sequence

as such [,] maintenance of chromatin structure is an integral component to deter premature aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 structure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 as 4 maintenance
1 as 7 structure
2 such 4 maintenance
4 maintenance 5 of
5 of 6 chromatin
7 structure 8 is
8 is 11 component
9 an 10 integral
9 an 11 component
10 integral 11 component
11 component 12 to
11 component 13 deter
12 to 13 deter
13 deter 15 aging
14 premature 15 aging

in this review , we describe current research that links aging to chromatin structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 describe
6 describe 8 research
7 current 8 research
8 research 9 that
8 research 14 structure
9 that 10 links
9 that 14 structure
10 links 11 aging
10 links 14 structure
11 aging 12 to
12 to 13 chromatin

histone modifications influence chromatin compaction and gene expression and undergo many changes during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 histone 2 modifications
2 modifications 9 and
3 influence 6 and
3 influence 9 and
4 chromatin 5 compaction
5 compaction 6 and
6 and 8 expression
7 gene 8 expression
9 and 10 undergo
10 undergo 12 changes
10 undergo 13 during
11 many 12 changes
13 during 14 aging

histone protein levels also decline during aging , dramatically affecting chromatin structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 decline
1 histone 3 levels
2 protein 3 levels
3 levels 5 decline
4 also 5 decline
5 decline 6 during
6 during 7 aging
7 aging 10 affecting
8 , 10 affecting
9 dramatically 10 affecting
10 affecting 12 structure
10 affecting 13 .
11 chromatin 12 structure

excitingly , lifespan can be extended by manipulations that reverse the age - dependent changes to chromatin structure , indicating the pivotal role chromatin structure plays during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lifespan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 extended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 excitingly 2 ,
1 excitingly 3 lifespan
3 lifespan 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 extended
6 extended 7 by
7 by 8 manipulations
8 manipulations 9 that
8 manipulations 10 reverse
9 that 10 reverse
10 reverse 12 age
11 the 12 age
12 age 15 changes
13 - 15 changes
14 dependent 15 changes
15 changes 16 to
15 changes 19 ,
16 to 18 structure
17 chromatin 18 structure
19 , 20 indicating
19 , 26 plays
20 indicating 25 structure
20 indicating 26 plays
21 the 25 structure
22 pivotal 23 role
23 role 25 structure
24 chromatin 25 structure
26 plays 27 during
27 during 28 aging

while none - metabolized polyphenols might exert their antioxidant effects mainly in the oral cavity , metabolized polyphenols might be beneficial in the gastrointestinal tract to counteract the toxicity of oxidants and also [of] the sequelae of inflammatory processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 polyphenols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exert
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 while 2 none
1 while 3 -
1 while 5 polyphenols
4 metabolized 5 polyphenols
5 polyphenols 6 might
6 might 7 exert
7 exert 10 effects
7 exert 11 mainly
8 their 10 effects
9 antioxidant 10 effects
11 mainly 12 in
12 in 15 cavity
13 the 15 cavity
14 oral 15 cavity
16 , 18 polyphenols
16 , 27 counteract
17 metabolized 18 polyphenols
18 polyphenols 19 might
19 might 20 be
20 be 21 beneficial
21 beneficial 22 in
21 beneficial 26 to
21 beneficial 27 counteract
22 in 25 tract
23 the 25 tract
24 gastrointestinal 25 tract
26 to 27 counteract
27 counteract 32 and
28 the 29 toxicity
29 toxicity 30 of
29 toxicity 32 and
30 of 31 oxidants
32 and 33 also
32 and 36 sequelae
35 the 36 sequelae
36 sequelae 37 of
37 of 39 processes
38 inflammatory 39 processes

although only micromolar amounts of polyphenols and their metabolites eventually reach the blood circulation , these may nevertheless still be highly effective as scavengers of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species because of their ability to synergize with plasma low molecular - weight antioxidants and with albumin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 although 7 and
1 although 11 reach
1 although 15 ,
1 although 16 these
2 only 3 micromolar
3 micromolar 4 amounts
4 amounts 5 of
4 amounts 7 and
5 of 7 and
6 polyphenols 7 and
7 and 9 metabolites
7 and 11 reach
8 their 9 metabolites
10 eventually 11 reach
11 reach 14 circulation
12 the 14 circulation
13 blood 14 circulation
16 these 17 may
17 may 20 be
18 nevertheless 20 be
19 still 20 be
20 be 22 effective
21 highly 22 effective
22 effective 23 as
22 effective 32 of
22 effective 35 to
23 as 24 scavengers
24 scavengers 25 of
25 of 28 and
26 reactive 27 oxygen
27 oxygen 28 and
28 and 30 species
29 nitrogen 30 species
31 because 32 of
32 of 34 ability
33 their 34 ability
35 to 36 synergize
36 synergize 44 and
37 with 43 antioxidants
37 with 44 and
38 plasma 39 low
39 low 43 antioxidants
40 molecular 41 -
40 molecular 42 weight
42 weight 43 antioxidants
44 and 45 with
45 with 46 albumin

polyphenols can avidly bind to surfaces of microorganisms [and] of blood cells to markedly enhance their osa , therefore the routine quantifications of antioxidant levels conducted in clinical settings should always use [catalase] - rich whole blood but not as customary , plasma alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 polyphenols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 bind
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 polyphenols 2 can
2 can 4 bind
3 avidly 4 bind
4 bind 5 to
4 bind 13 to
4 bind 37 blood
4 bind 44 alone
5 to 6 surfaces
6 surfaces 7 of
6 surfaces 10 of
7 of 8 microorganisms
10 of 12 cells
11 blood 12 cells
13 to 15 enhance
14 markedly 15 enhance
15 enhance 17 osa
16 their 17 osa
17 osa 22 quantifications
18 , 19 therefore
18 , 22 quantifications
20 the 22 quantifications
21 routine 22 quantifications
22 quantifications 23 of
22 quantifications 34 -
23 of 24 antioxidant
24 antioxidant 25 levels
24 antioxidant 32 use
25 levels 26 conducted
25 levels 27 in
25 levels 30 should
27 in 29 settings
28 clinical 29 settings
30 should 32 use
31 always 32 use
35 rich 37 blood
36 whole 37 blood
37 blood 38 but
38 but 39 not
38 but 43 plasma
40 as 41 customary
41 customary 42 ,
41 customary 43 plasma

in addition to their antioxidant and metal chelating properties , polyphenols may also act as signaling agents capable of affecting metabolic , inflammatory , autoimmune , carcinogenic and aging processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 polyphenols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 6 and
1 in 11 polyphenols
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 6 and
3 to 5 antioxidant
4 their 5 antioxidant
6 and 7 metal
8 chelating 9 properties
8 chelating 10 ,
8 chelating 11 polyphenols
11 polyphenols 12 may
12 may 14 act
13 also 14 act
14 act 15 as
14 act 18 capable
15 as 17 agents
16 signaling 17 agents
18 capable 19 of
19 of 20 affecting
20 affecting 30 processes
21 metabolic 22 ,
22 , 23 inflammatory
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 autoimmune
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 carcinogenic
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 aging
28 and 30 processes

background : stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in south africa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 3 stroke
2 : 4 is
3 stroke 4 is
4 is 7 cause
5 a 7 cause
6 leading 7 cause
7 cause 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 death 10 and
10 and 11 disability
10 and 12 in
12 in 14 africa
13 south 14 africa

objective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

the objective was to update the guideline published in 2000 , to place the recommendations within the current south african context , and to grade evidence according to the level of scientific rigour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 8 published
4 to 5 update
5 update 7 guideline
6 the 7 guideline
8 published 9 in
9 in 10 2000
11 , 12 to
11 , 23 and
12 to 23 and
13 place 15 recommendations
13 place 16 within
13 place 23 and
14 the 15 recommendations
16 within 21 context
17 the 21 context
18 current 21 context
19 south 21 context
20 african 21 context
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 to
23 and 25 grade
24 to 25 grade
25 grade 26 evidence
25 grade 28 to
27 according 28 to
28 to 30 level
29 the 30 level
30 level 31 of
31 of 33 rigour
32 scientific 33 rigour

recommendations : ideally , all patients [with] [acute] stroke should be managed in a dedicated stroke unit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 all
2 : 12 managed
2 : 18 .
3 ideally 4 ,
3 ideally 5 all
5 all 6 patients
5 all 9 stroke
5 all 10 should
6 patients 9 stroke
10 should 11 be
11 be 12 managed
12 managed 13 in
13 in 17 unit
14 a 17 unit
15 dedicated 16 stroke
16 stroke 17 unit

there is ample evidence that protocol [-] driven multidisciplinary stroke unit care within a hospital improves recovery from [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 evidence
3 ample 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
4 evidence 18 from
5 that 12 care
5 that 16 improves
6 protocol 8 driven
8 driven 11 unit
9 multidisciplinary 11 unit
10 stroke 11 unit
11 unit 12 care
12 care 13 within
12 care 16 improves
13 within 15 hospital
14 a 15 hospital
16 improves 17 recovery
16 improves 18 from

treatment in a stroke unit has been shown to reduce mortality as well as [reduce] the likelihood of dependency [after] [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 treatment 2 in
1 treatment 6 has
2 in 5 unit
3 a 5 unit
4 stroke 5 unit
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
8 shown 14 as
9 to 10 reduce
10 reduce 11 mortality
12 as 13 well
13 well 14 as
14 as 17 likelihood
16 the 17 likelihood
17 likelihood 18 of
18 of 19 dependency

an effective stroke service requires the establishment of a seamless network consisting of acute stroke units , post - acute care and rehabilitation , and further care in the community . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 service
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 an 2 effective
1 an 4 service
2 effective 3 stroke
3 stroke 4 service
4 service 5 requires
5 requires 27 care
6 the 7 establishment
7 establishment 8 of
7 establishment 25 and
8 of 11 network
9 a 11 network
10 seamless 11 network
11 network 12 consisting
12 consisting 13 of
13 of 16 units
14 acute 15 stroke
15 stroke 16 units
16 units 18 post
16 units 22 and
17 , 18 post
18 post 19 -
19 - 22 and
20 acute 21 care
21 care 22 and
22 and 23 rehabilitation
22 and 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 further
25 and 27 care
27 care 28 in
28 in 30 community
29 the 30 community

primary preventive measures reduce [stroke] [incidence] [and] should be universally available and actively promoted at all levels of health care in south africa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 primary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 primary 3 measures
1 primary 4 reduce
1 primary 12 and
2 preventive 3 measures
3 measures 4 reduce
8 should 9 be
8 should 12 and
9 be 10 universally
9 be 11 available
12 and 14 promoted
12 and 15 at
12 and 21 in
13 actively 14 promoted
15 at 17 levels
16 all 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
18 of 20 care
19 health 20 care
21 in 23 africa
22 south 23 africa

successful care of a stroke patient begins with recognition by the public and health professionals that stroke should be considered an emergency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 begins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 successful 2 care
2 care 3 of
2 care 7 begins
3 of 6 patient
4 a 6 patient
5 stroke 6 patient
7 begins 8 with
7 begins 10 by
8 with 9 recognition
10 by 12 public
11 the 12 public
13 and 15 professionals
13 and 20 considered
14 health 15 professionals
15 professionals 17 stroke
15 professionals 19 be
15 professionals 20 considered
16 that 17 stroke
17 stroke 18 should
18 should 19 be
20 considered 22 emergency
21 an 22 emergency

avoiding delay should be the major aim of the prehospital phase of acute stroke care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 avoiding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 avoiding 2 delay
1 avoiding 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 7 aim
5 the 7 aim
6 major 7 aim
7 aim 8 of
8 of 11 phase
9 the 11 phase
10 prehospital 11 phase
11 phase 12 of
12 of 15 care
13 acute 14 stroke
14 stroke 15 care

acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack ( tia ) should be treated as a medical emergency and evaluated with minimum delay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 acute 2 stroke
3 or 6 attack
3 or 11 be
4 transient 6 attack
5 ischaemic 6 attack
6 attack 8 tia
6 attack 10 should
7 ( 8 tia
8 tia 9 )
10 should 11 be
11 be 17 and
12 treated 13 as
12 treated 17 and
13 as 16 emergency
14 a 15 medical
14 a 16 emergency
15 medical 16 emergency
17 and 18 evaluated
17 and 19 with
19 with 21 delay
20 minimum 21 delay

general supportive treatment is emphasised and is directed at maintaining homeostasis and the treatment of complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 general 3 treatment
2 supportive 3 treatment
3 treatment 6 and
4 is 5 emphasised
4 is 6 and
6 and 7 is
7 is 8 directed
8 directed 9 at
9 at 10 maintaining
10 maintaining 12 and
11 homeostasis 12 and
12 and 14 treatment
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 treatment
15 of 16 complications

intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen [activator] ( tpa ) is an accepted therapy [for] acute ischaemic stroke within 4.5 hours of onset [of] symptoms , but can only be administered at centres with specific resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 intravenous 3 therapy
2 thrombolytic 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 with
3 therapy 28 but
4 with 7 plasminogen
5 recombinant 6 tissue
6 tissue 7 plasminogen
7 plasminogen 10 tpa
9 ( 10 tpa
10 tpa 11 )
12 is 19 stroke
12 is 20 within
12 is 28 but
13 an 19 stroke
14 accepted 15 therapy
15 therapy 19 stroke
17 acute 19 stroke
18 ischaemic 19 stroke
20 within 22 hours
21 4.5 22 hours
22 hours 23 of
23 of 26 symptoms
24 onset 26 symptoms
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 can
29 can 31 be
30 only 31 be
31 be 32 administered
32 administered 33 at
32 administered 35 with
33 at 34 centres
35 with 37 resources
36 specific 37 resources

awareness and treatment of the neurological and systemic complications [of] acute stroke are an integral part of management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 awareness 2 and
2 and 3 treatment
2 and 4 of
2 and 7 and
4 of 6 neurological
5 the 6 neurological
7 and 12 stroke
7 and 13 are
8 systemic 9 complications
9 complications 12 stroke
11 acute 12 stroke
13 are 16 part
14 an 15 integral
14 an 16 part
15 integral 16 part
16 part 17 of
17 of 18 management

patients with suspected tia and minor stroke with early spontaneous recovery should be evaluated as soon as possible after an event . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 12 should
2 with 5 and
3 suspected 4 tia
4 tia 5 and
5 and 7 stroke
5 and 8 with
6 minor 7 stroke
8 with 11 recovery
9 early 11 recovery
10 spontaneous 11 recovery
12 should 13 be
13 be 14 evaluated
14 evaluated 16 soon
14 evaluated 17 as
15 as 16 soon
17 as 18 possible
18 possible 19 after
19 after 21 event
20 an 21 event

brain imaging is recommended , and [non] - invasive imaging of the cervicocephalic vessels should be performed urgently and routinely as part of the evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 brain 2 imaging
2 imaging 3 is
3 is 4 recommended
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 -
6 and 17 performed
8 - 10 imaging
9 invasive 10 imaging
10 imaging 11 of
10 imaging 15 should
11 of 14 vessels
12 the 14 vessels
13 cervicocephalic 14 vessels
15 should 16 be
16 be 17 performed
17 performed 19 and
17 performed 21 as
18 urgently 19 and
19 and 20 routinely
21 as 22 part
22 part 23 of
23 of 25 evaluation
24 the 25 evaluation

carotid endarterectomy ( cea ) is recommended for patients with severe ( 70 - 99 % ) ipsilateral stenosis , and the procedure should be performed as soon as possible after the last ischaemic event - [ideally] within 2 weeks - in centres with a peri [-] operative complication rate ( all strokes and death ) of less than 6 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 endarterectomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 carotid 2 endarterectomy
2 endarterectomy 4 cea
2 endarterectomy 6 is
3 ( 4 cea
4 cea 5 )
6 is 7 recommended
7 recommended 8 for
7 recommended 10 with
8 for 9 patients
10 with 19 stenosis
11 severe 14 -
11 severe 19 stenosis
12 ( 14 -
13 70 14 -
14 - 16 %
14 - 17 )
15 99 16 %
18 ipsilateral 19 stenosis
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 procedure
21 and 26 performed
22 the 23 procedure
23 procedure 24 should
24 should 25 be
25 be 26 performed
26 performed 28 soon
26 performed 30 possible
27 as 28 soon
29 as 30 possible
30 possible 31 after
30 possible 42 in
30 possible 44 with
31 after 35 event
32 the 33 last
32 the 35 event
34 ischaemic 35 event
35 event 38 within
36 - 38 within
38 within 40 weeks
38 within 41 -
39 2 40 weeks
42 in 43 centres
44 with 50 rate
45 a 50 rate
46 peri 49 complication
48 operative 49 complication
49 complication 50 rate
50 rate 54 and
50 rate 57 of
51 ( 54 and
52 all 53 strokes
53 strokes 54 and
54 and 55 death
54 and 56 )
57 of 61 %
58 less 59 than
59 than 60 6
60 6 61 %

survivors of a tia or stroke have an increased risk of another stroke , which is a major source of increased mortality and morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survivors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 survivors 2 of
1 survivors 7 have
2 of 5 or
3 a 4 tia
4 tia 5 or
5 or 6 stroke
7 have 10 risk
8 an 10 risk
9 increased 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
11 of 13 stroke
12 another 13 stroke
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 is
15 which 16 is
16 is 19 source
17 a 18 major
17 a 19 source
18 major 19 source
19 source 20 of
20 of 23 and
21 increased 22 mortality
22 mortality 23 and
23 and 24 morbidity

secondary prevention strategies are aimed at reducing this risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 secondary 2 prevention
2 prevention 3 strategies
3 strategies 4 are
4 are 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 at
6 at 7 reducing
7 reducing 9 risk
8 this 9 risk

stroke rehabilitation is a goal - orientated process that attempts to obtain maximum function [in] patients who have had strokes and who suffer from a combination of physical , cognitive and language disabilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rehabilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 obtain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 stroke 2 rehabilitation
2 rehabilitation 3 is
3 is 5 goal
4 a 5 goal
6 - 8 process
7 orientated 8 process
8 process 9 that
8 process 10 attempts
9 that 10 attempts
10 attempts 11 to
11 to 12 obtain
12 obtain 16 patients
12 obtain 24 from
13 maximum 16 patients
14 function 16 patients
16 patients 17 who
16 patients 18 have
17 who 18 have
18 have 19 had
19 had 21 and
19 had 23 suffer
20 strokes 21 and
21 and 22 who
24 from 26 combination
25 a 26 combination
26 combination 27 of
27 of 31 and
28 physical 29 ,
29 , 30 cognitive
29 , 31 and
31 and 33 disabilities
32 language 33 disabilities

none none objectives : to assess the relationship between telomere length and adiposity , using dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry ( dxa ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , in addition to conventional anthropometric proxies including body mass index [(] bmi ) and cardiovascular disease risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 none 3 objectives
1 none 5 to
1 none 6 assess
2 none 3 objectives
3 objectives 4 :
4 : 5 to
6 assess 47 and
6 assess 50 risk
7 the 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 between
8 relationship 12 and
9 between 11 length
10 telomere 11 length
12 and 13 adiposity
12 and 14 ,
12 and 15 using
12 and 24 dxa
12 and 26 and
15 using 22 absorptiometry
16 dual 18 energy
16 dual 20 -
16 dual 21 ray
17 - 18 energy
18 energy 19 x
18 energy 20 -
21 ray 22 absorptiometry
23 ( 24 dxa
24 dxa 25 )
26 and 29 imaging
26 and 31 mri
26 and 34 in
26 and 47 and
27 magnetic 28 resonance
28 resonance 29 imaging
30 ( 31 mri
31 mri 32 )
33 , 34 in
34 in 35 addition
34 in 46 )
35 addition 36 to
36 to 39 proxies
37 conventional 39 proxies
38 anthropometric 39 proxies
39 proxies 40 including
40 including 45 bmi
41 body 43 index
42 mass 43 index
43 index 45 bmi
47 and 49 disease
47 and 50 risk
48 cardiovascular 49 disease
50 risk 51 factors

methods : a cross - sectional sample [of] 309 [non] - hispanic white participants in the fels longitudinal study aged 8 to 80 yr ( 52 % [female] ) was included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
4 cross 7 sample
5 - 7 sample
6 sectional 7 sample
7 sample 9 309
7 sample 11 -
11 - 13 white
11 - 32 .
12 hispanic 13 white
13 white 14 participants
13 white 15 in
15 in 18 longitudinal
16 the 18 longitudinal
17 fels 18 longitudinal
18 longitudinal 19 study
18 longitudinal 30 was
18 longitudinal 31 included
19 study 20 aged
19 study 22 to
19 study 27 %
19 study 30 was
20 aged 21 8
22 to 24 yr
23 80 24 yr
25 ( 27 %
26 52 27 %
27 % 29 )

average telomere length was measured by quantitative pcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 average 3 length
2 telomere 3 length
3 length 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 by
6 by 8 pcr
7 quantitative 8 pcr

results : telomere length was negatively correlated with age ( r = - 0.32 , p < 0.0001 ) and had numerous significant correlations with established cardiovascular disease risk factors including waist circumference ( r = - 0.33 [ )(, apolipoprotein b ( r = - 0.26 ) , systolic blood pressure ( r = - 0.28 ) , and fasting serum glucose ( r = - 0.15 ) ; all p < 0.0025 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 75 .
2 : 4 length
2 : 20 and
2 : 70 ;
2 : 73 <
3 telomere 4 length
4 length 20 and
5 was 7 correlated
5 was 20 and
6 negatively 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 12 =
7 correlated 17 <
8 with 9 age
10 ( 12 =
11 r 12 =
12 = 13 -
13 - 14 0.32
13 - 17 <
15 , 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.0001
17 < 19 )
20 and 21 had
21 had 24 correlations
21 had 25 with
21 had 29 risk
22 numerous 24 correlations
23 significant 24 correlations
25 with 28 disease
26 established 28 disease
27 cardiovascular 28 disease
29 risk 60 and
29 risk 67 -
30 factors 31 including
30 factors 60 and
31 including 41 apolipoprotein
32 waist 33 circumference
33 circumference 41 apolipoprotein
34 ( 37 -
35 r 36 =
36 = 37 -
37 - 38 0.33
37 - 40 )(,
37 - 41 apolipoprotein
41 apolipoprotein 42 b
41 apolipoprotein 46 -
41 apolipoprotein 52 pressure
43 ( 46 -
44 r 45 =
45 = 46 -
46 - 47 0.26
46 - 48 )
49 , 52 pressure
50 systolic 51 blood
51 blood 52 pressure
52 pressure 56 -
52 pressure 58 )
53 ( 56 -
54 r 55 =
55 = 56 -
56 - 57 0.28
56 - 58 )
59 , 60 and
60 and 63 glucose
61 fasting 62 serum
62 serum 63 glucose
64 ( 67 -
65 r 66 =
66 = 67 -
67 - 68 0.15
67 - 69 )
70 ; 71 all
71 all 73 <
72 p 73 <
73 < 74 0.0025

in [backward] selection linear regression models of telomere length , adiposity measures were consistently retained in the best models [;] bmi , waist circumference , hip circumference , total body fat , and visceral adipose tissue volume were all inversely associated with telomere length at the nominal p < 0.05 level or lower , independent of age , sex , systolic blood pressure , and fasting serum lipid , lipoprotein , and glucose concentrations . 
1 in 3 selection
1 in 11 adiposity
3 selection 5 regression
3 selection 6 models
4 linear 5 regression
5 regression 6 models
7 of 9 length
7 of 10 ,
7 of 11 adiposity
8 telomere 9 length
11 adiposity 12 measures
11 adiposity 13 were
11 adiposity 15 retained
12 measures 13 were
14 consistently 15 retained
15 retained 16 in
15 retained 19 models
16 in 18 best
17 the 18 best
19 models 21 bmi
19 models 29 total
21 bmi 24 circumference
21 bmi 27 circumference
21 bmi 29 total
22 , 24 circumference
23 waist 24 circumference
24 circumference 25 ,
25 , 27 circumference
26 hip 27 circumference
27 circumference 28 ,
29 total 30 body
30 body 33 and
30 body 38 were
30 body 41 associated
31 fat 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 37 volume
33 and 38 were
34 visceral 35 adipose
35 adipose 36 tissue
36 tissue 37 volume
39 all 41 associated
40 inversely 41 associated
41 associated 42 with
41 associated 45 at
42 with 44 length
43 telomere 44 length
45 at 52 or
46 the 51 level
47 nominal 49 <
47 nominal 51 level
48 p 49 <
49 < 50 0.05
51 level 52 or
52 or 55 independent
52 or 56 of
53 lower 54 ,
53 lower 55 independent
56 of 57 age
57 age 65 and
58 , 65 and
59 sex 60 ,
60 , 63 pressure
60 , 65 and
61 systolic 62 blood
62 blood 63 pressure
64 , 65 and
65 and 74 concentrations
65 and 75 .
66 fasting 67 serum
67 serum 74 concentrations
68 lipid 69 ,
69 , 70 lipoprotein
69 , 72 and
71 , 72 and
72 and 73 glucose
72 and 74 concentrations

the negative association of bmi with telomere length was stronger among younger than older participants ( [p] for interaction , 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 association
2 negative 3 association
3 association 4 of
3 association 9 was
4 of 5 bmi
5 bmi 6 with
6 with 8 length
7 telomere 8 length
9 was 10 stronger
10 stronger 11 among
10 stronger 18 for
11 among 15 participants
12 younger 15 participants
13 than 14 older
14 older 15 participants
16 ( 18 for
18 for 19 interaction
18 for 22 )
19 interaction 21 0.03
20 , 21 0.03
21 0.03 22 )

conclusions : individuals with higher total and abdominal adiposity have lower telomere length , a marker of cellular senescence , suggesting obesity may hasten the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 individuals
2 : 10 have
2 : 20 ,
2 : 28 .
3 individuals 4 with
3 individuals 10 have
4 with 9 adiposity
5 higher 9 adiposity
6 total 7 and
7 and 8 abdominal
7 and 9 adiposity
10 have 13 length
11 lower 13 length
12 telomere 13 length
13 length 16 marker
14 , 16 marker
15 a 16 marker
16 marker 17 of
16 marker 20 ,
17 of 19 senescence
18 cellular 19 senescence
20 , 21 suggesting
20 , 24 hasten
21 suggesting 22 obesity
21 suggesting 23 may
23 may 24 hasten
24 hasten 27 process
25 the 27 process
26 aging 27 process

longitudinal studies are required to establish the causal association of early life adiposity with biological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 longitudinal 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 required
4 required 5 to
4 required 6 establish
5 to 6 establish
6 establish 9 association
6 establish 14 with
7 the 9 association
8 causal 9 association
9 association 10 of
10 of 13 adiposity
11 early 12 life
12 life 13 adiposity
14 with 16 aging
15 biological 16 aging

objectives : concerns regarding change in the onset and tempo of pubertal growth in ethnic chinese have posed a need for current information on growth characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 concerns
2 : 18 posed
3 concerns 4 regarding
3 concerns 17 have
4 regarding 5 change
4 regarding 6 in
4 regarding 14 in
6 in 9 and
7 the 8 onset
8 onset 9 and
9 and 10 tempo
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 growth
12 pubertal 13 growth
14 in 16 chinese
15 ethnic 16 chinese
17 have 18 posed
18 posed 20 need
18 posed 21 for
18 posed 24 on
19 a 20 need
21 for 23 information
22 current 23 information
24 on 26 characteristics
25 growth 26 characteristics

this study is to update the normative data of pubertal linear growth characteristics and distribution of age at menarche in healthy chinese adolescents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 to
3 is 5 update
4 to 5 update
5 update 8 data
5 update 20 in
6 the 8 data
7 normative 8 data
8 data 9 of
9 of 14 and
10 pubertal 12 growth
11 linear 12 growth
12 growth 13 characteristics
13 characteristics 14 and
14 and 15 distribution
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 age
17 age 18 at
18 at 19 menarche
20 in 23 adolescents
21 healthy 22 chinese
22 chinese 23 adolescents

methods : a multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation based on age and sex was designed for anthropometric data [collection] in 2008 , including 15,204 healthy boys and 13,047 healthy girls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 multistage
3 a 4 multistage
4 multistage 5 stratified
4 multistage 10 on
5 stratified 9 based
6 cluster 9 based
7 sampling 8 investigation
8 investigation 9 based
10 on 11 age
12 and 13 sex
12 and 15 designed
13 sex 14 was
14 was 15 designed
15 designed 16 for
15 designed 20 in
16 for 18 data
17 anthropometric 18 data
20 in 21 2008
21 2008 23 including
22 , 23 including
23 including 27 and
23 including 31 .
24 15,204 26 boys
25 healthy 26 boys
26 boys 27 and
27 and 30 girls
28 13,047 30 girls
29 healthy 30 girls

the pb1 mathematical growth model was utilized to derive biological parameters of the adolescent growth curves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 utilized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 5 model
2 pb1 5 model
3 mathematical 4 growth
4 growth 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 utilized
7 utilized 8 to
8 to 9 derive
9 derive 11 parameters
10 biological 11 parameters
11 parameters 12 of
12 of 16 curves
13 the 16 curves
14 adolescent 15 growth
15 growth 16 curves

ages at menarche were estimated in 6,476 girls through probit analysis at the ages at [which] 10 % , 25 % , 50 % , 75 % , and 90 % of the girls attained menarche . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 ages 2 at
1 ages 4 were
2 at 3 menarche
4 were 5 estimated
5 estimated 6 in
5 estimated 9 through
5 estimated 12 at
6 in 8 girls
7 6,476 8 girls
9 through 11 analysis
10 probit 11 analysis
12 at 14 ages
13 the 14 ages
14 ages 15 at
15 at 18 %
17 10 18 %
18 % 21 %
18 % 24 %
18 % 27 %
19 , 21 %
20 25 21 %
21 % 22 ,
22 , 24 %
23 50 24 %
24 % 25 ,
25 , 27 %
26 75 27 %
27 % 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 %
29 and 36 menarche
30 90 31 %
31 % 32 of
31 % 35 attained
31 % 36 menarche
32 of 34 girls
33 the 34 girls

results : the peak growth age ( pga ) was 12.6 years for boys and 10.6 years for girls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 6 age
2 : 10 was
3 the 6 age
4 peak 6 age
5 growth 6 age
6 age 8 pga
6 age 10 was
7 ( 8 pga
8 pga 9 )
10 was 15 and
11 12.6 15 and
12 years 13 for
12 years 15 and
13 for 14 boys
15 and 17 years
15 and 18 for
16 10.6 17 years
18 for 19 girls

the phv was 6.91 cm / [yr] in boys and 6.69 cm / yr in girls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 phv
2 phv 3 was
3 was 14 yr
4 6.91 5 cm
4 6.91 10 and
5 cm 6 /
6 / 8 in
8 in 9 boys
10 and 11 6.69
10 and 14 yr
11 6.69 12 cm
12 cm 13 /
14 yr 15 in
15 in 16 girls

the overall increments of adult height since 1985 were 3.3 cm for males and 2.3 cm [for] females , yielded rates of 1.4 and 1.0 cm/decade , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 the 3 increments
2 overall 3 increments
3 increments 4 of
3 increments 9 were
4 of 6 height
5 adult 6 height
6 height 7 since
7 since 8 1985
9 were 11 cm
10 3.3 11 cm
11 cm 12 for
12 for 14 and
13 males 14 and
14 and 18 females
15 2.3 16 cm
16 cm 18 females
19 , 21 rates
19 , 26 cm/decade
20 yielded 21 rates
21 rates 22 of
21 rates 26 cm/decade
22 of 24 and
23 1.4 24 and
24 and 25 1.0
26 cm/decade 28 respectively
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 .

less than 10 % of chinese girls experience onset [of] menses before 11.38 years , and approximately 90 % of all chinese girls are menstruating by 13.88 years , with a median age of 12.63 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 less 2 than
2 than 3 10
3 10 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 8 experience
5 of 7 girls
6 chinese 7 girls
8 experience 11 menses
8 experience 12 before
9 onset 11 menses
12 before 14 years
13 11.38 14 years
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 %
16 and 24 are
17 approximately 19 %
18 90 19 %
19 % 20 of
19 % 24 are
20 of 23 girls
21 all 23 girls
22 chinese 23 girls
24 are 25 menstruating
25 menstruating 26 by
26 by 28 years
27 13.88 28 years
28 years 30 with
29 , 30 with
30 with 33 age
30 with 37 .
31 a 33 age
32 median 33 age
33 age 34 of
34 of 36 years
35 12.63 36 years

conclusions : the current study showed an advancing trend in pga in both chinese boys and girls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 showed
3 the 5 study
4 current 5 study
5 study 6 showed
6 showed 9 trend
7 an 9 trend
8 advancing 9 trend
9 trend 10 in
10 in 11 pga
11 pga 12 in
12 in 16 and
13 both 15 boys
14 chinese 15 boys
15 boys 16 and
16 and 17 girls

decreasing menarche age was also observed for chinese girls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 decreasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 decreasing 3 age
1 decreasing 4 was
2 menarche 3 age
4 was 6 observed
5 also 6 observed
6 observed 7 for
7 for 9 girls
8 chinese 9 girls

these updated data would serve as useful reference for interpretation of endocrine and growth status and growth disorders in chinese during peripubertal period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 3 data
2 updated 3 data
3 data 4 would
4 would 5 serve
5 serve 8 reference
5 serve 9 for
5 serve 19 in
6 as 7 useful
7 useful 8 reference
9 for 10 interpretation
10 interpretation 11 of
11 of 16 and
12 endocrine 13 and
13 and 15 status
13 and 16 and
14 growth 15 status
16 and 18 disorders
17 growth 18 disorders
19 in 20 chinese
20 chinese 21 during
21 during 23 period
22 peripubertal 23 period

obesity and type 2 diabetes have become the major health problems in many industrialized countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 obesity 2 and
2 and 5 diabetes
2 and 6 have
3 type 5 diabetes
4 2 5 diabetes
6 have 7 become
7 become 11 problems
7 become 12 in
8 the 11 problems
9 major 10 health
10 health 11 problems
12 in 15 countries
13 many 15 countries
14 industrialized 15 countries

here , i present the unconventional concept that a healthy organism maintains its systemic homeostasis by a " competent brain - pull " , i.e . , the brain 's ability to properly demand glucose from the body , and [that] the underlying cause of obesity is " incompetent brain - pull . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 present
4 present 7 concept
5 the 7 concept
6 unconventional 7 concept
7 concept 8 that
7 concept 16 by
8 that 11 organism
8 that 12 maintains
9 a 10 healthy
9 a 11 organism
10 healthy 11 organism
11 organism 12 maintains
12 maintains 15 homeostasis
13 its 15 homeostasis
14 systemic 15 homeostasis
16 by 20 brain
17 a 18 "
17 a 20 brain
19 competent 20 brain
21 - 22 pull
21 - 24 ,
22 pull 23 "
24 , 25 i.e
26 . 35 glucose
26 . 51 -
27 , 34 demand
28 the 29 brain
29 brain 30 's
30 's 31 ability
31 ability 32 to
31 ability 34 demand
32 to 34 demand
33 properly 34 demand
34 demand 35 glucose
35 glucose 36 from
35 glucose 45 of
35 glucose 47 is
36 from 40 and
37 the 38 body
38 body 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 44 cause
42 the 44 cause
43 underlying 44 cause
45 of 46 obesity
47 is 48 "
47 is 50 brain
49 incompetent 50 brain
51 - 52 pull
51 - 53 .
53 . 54 "

i describe the energy fluxes from the environment , through the body , toward the brain as the final consumer in a " supply chain " model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 i 2 describe
2 describe 5 fluxes
2 describe 6 from
2 describe 14 toward
2 describe 17 as
2 describe 21 in
3 the 5 fluxes
4 energy 5 fluxes
6 from 8 environment
7 the 8 environment
8 environment 10 through
9 , 10 through
10 through 12 body
10 through 13 ,
11 the 12 body
14 toward 16 brain
15 the 16 brain
17 as 20 consumer
18 the 20 consumer
19 final 20 consumer
21 in 27 model
22 a 23 "
22 a 27 model
24 supply 27 model
25 chain 26 "
25 chain 27 model

there is data - based support for the hypothesis , which states that under conditions of food abundance incompetent brain - pull will lead to build [ups] in the supply chain culminating in obesity and type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 data
3 data 6 support
3 data 11 which
4 - 6 support
5 based 6 support
6 support 7 for
6 support 10 ,
7 for 9 hypothesis
8 the 9 hypothesis
10 , 11 which
11 which 12 states
12 states 13 that
13 that 22 pull
13 that 24 lead
14 under 15 conditions
14 under 21 -
14 under 22 pull
15 conditions 16 of
16 of 20 brain
17 food 18 abundance
18 abundance 20 brain
19 incompetent 20 brain
22 pull 23 will
23 will 24 lead
24 lead 25 to
24 lead 28 in
24 lead 35 and
25 to 26 build
28 in 30 supply
29 the 30 supply
31 chain 32 culminating
31 chain 35 and
32 culminating 33 in
33 in 34 obesity
35 and 38 diabetes
35 and 39 .
36 type 38 diabetes
37 2 38 diabetes

there is also support for the related hypothesis , which states that under conditions of food deprivation , a competent brain [-] pull mechanism is indispensable for the continuation of the brain 's high energy level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 also
2 is 4 support
4 support 5 for
5 for 8 hypothesis
6 the 8 hypothesis
7 related 8 hypothesis
8 hypothesis 10 which
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 states
10 which 18 ,
11 states 12 that
11 states 13 under
13 under 14 conditions
14 conditions 15 of
15 of 17 deprivation
16 food 17 deprivation
18 , 24 mechanism
18 , 25 is
19 a 24 mechanism
20 competent 21 brain
21 brain 24 mechanism
23 pull 24 mechanism
24 mechanism 25 is
25 is 26 indispensable
26 indispensable 27 for
27 for 29 continuation
28 the 29 continuation
29 continuation 30 of
30 of 36 level
31 the 32 brain
32 brain 33 's
33 's 36 level
34 high 35 energy
35 energy 36 level

to experimentally determine [how] the competent brain - pull functions to demand for cerebral energy , healthy young men undergoing psychosocial stress were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 3 determine
1 to 16 ,
1 to 19 men
2 experimentally 3 determine
3 determine 7 brain
5 the 7 brain
6 competent 7 brain
7 brain 10 functions
8 - 10 functions
9 pull 10 functions
10 functions 11 to
10 functions 13 for
10 functions 16 ,
11 to 12 demand
13 for 15 energy
14 cerebral 15 energy
17 healthy 19 men
18 young 19 men
19 men 20 undergoing
19 men 23 were
20 undergoing 22 stress
21 psychosocial 22 stress
23 were 24 studied

it was found that the brain under stressful conditions demands for energy from the body by using a brain - pull mechanism , which is referred to as " cerebral insulin suppression " and in so doing it can satisfy its excessive needs during stress [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 demands
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 6 brain
4 that 10 demands
5 the 6 brain
6 brain 7 under
6 brain 10 demands
7 under 9 conditions
8 stressful 9 conditions
10 demands 11 for
10 demands 13 from
11 for 12 energy
13 from 15 body
14 the 15 body
15 body 16 by
16 by 17 using
16 by 19 brain
16 by 26 referred
18 a 19 brain
19 brain 22 mechanism
19 brain 24 which
19 brain 26 referred
20 - 22 mechanism
21 pull 22 mechanism
22 mechanism 23 ,
23 , 24 which
24 which 25 is
26 referred 34 and
26 referred 37 doing
27 to 32 suppression
27 to 34 and
28 as 29 "
28 as 30 cerebral
30 cerebral 31 insulin
31 insulin 32 suppression
32 suppression 33 "
34 and 35 in
35 in 36 so
37 doing 38 it
37 doing 40 satisfy
38 it 39 can
39 can 40 satisfy
40 satisfy 43 needs
40 satisfy 44 during
41 its 43 needs
42 excessive 43 needs
44 during 45 stress

this article gives an overview about the recent work on the " selfish brain " theory dealing with the maintenance of the cerebral and peripheral energy homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 gives
3 gives 5 overview
3 gives 6 about
4 an 5 overview
6 about 9 work
7 the 9 work
8 recent 9 work
9 work 10 on
9 work 21 of
10 on 17 dealing
11 the 12 "
11 the 17 dealing
13 selfish 14 brain
14 brain 15 "
14 brain 17 dealing
16 theory 17 dealing
17 dealing 18 with
18 with 20 maintenance
19 the 20 maintenance
21 of 27 homeostasis
22 the 27 homeostasis
23 cerebral 24 and
24 and 25 peripheral
24 and 27 homeostasis
26 energy 27 homeostasis

objective : metacarpal juxtaarticular bone [is] altered [in] rheumatoid arthritis [(] [ra] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 )(
1 objective 2 :
2 : 10 arthritis
3 metacarpal 5 bone
4 juxtaarticular 5 bone
5 bone 7 altered
7 altered 10 arthritis
9 rheumatoid 10 arthritis

however , a detailed analysis of disease - related geometric adaptations of the metacarpal shaft is missing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 analysis
3 a 4 detailed
3 a 5 analysis
4 detailed 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 of
5 analysis 16 is
6 of 7 disease
8 - 9 related
9 related 11 adaptations
9 related 16 is
10 geometric 11 adaptations
11 adaptations 12 of
12 of 15 shaft
13 the 15 shaft
14 metacarpal 15 shaft
16 is 17 missing

the aim of the present study was to assess the role of [ra] disease , forearm muscle cross - sectional area ( csa ) , age , and sex on bone geometry at the metacarpal shaft . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 assess
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 11 role
10 the 11 role
11 role 12 of
12 of 14 disease
15 , 18 cross
15 , 19 -
16 forearm 18 cross
17 muscle 18 cross
19 - 21 area
19 - 25 ,
20 sectional 21 area
21 area 23 csa
22 ( 23 csa
23 csa 24 )
25 , 28 and
26 age 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 sex
28 and 30 on
30 on 32 geometry
31 bone 32 geometry
32 geometry 33 at
33 at 36 shaft
34 the 36 shaft
35 metacarpal 36 shaft

methods : in 64 ra patients and 128 control subjects , geometric properties of the third metacarpal bone midshaft and forearm muscle csa were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography ( qct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 and
4 64 5 ra
5 ra 6 patients
6 patients 7 and
7 and 10 subjects
8 128 10 subjects
9 control 10 subjects
11 , 13 properties
11 , 19 midshaft
11 , 20 and
12 geometric 13 properties
13 properties 14 of
13 properties 19 midshaft
14 of 18 bone
15 the 16 third
15 the 18 bone
17 metacarpal 18 bone
20 and 23 csa
20 and 25 measured
21 forearm 22 muscle
22 muscle 23 csa
23 csa 24 were
24 were 25 measured
25 measured 26 by
26 by 30 tomography
27 peripheral 30 tomography
28 quantitative 30 tomography
29 computed 30 tomography
30 tomography 32 qct
31 ( 32 qct
32 qct 33 )

linear models were performed for cortical csa , total bone csa , polar stress - strain index ( ssi ; a surrogate for a bone 's resistance to bending and torsion ) , cortical thickness , and the metacarpal index ( mi [;] cortical csa/total csa [ )(, with the explanatory variables muscle csa , age , [ra] status , and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 linear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 linear 3 were
1 linear 5 for
2 models 3 were
3 were 4 performed
5 for 7 csa
6 cortical 7 csa
8 , 9 total
8 , 15 -
9 total 11 csa
10 bone 11 csa
11 csa 14 stress
12 , 14 stress
13 polar 14 stress
14 stress 15 -
15 - 16 strain
15 - 20 ;
16 strain 17 index
17 index 19 ssi
18 ( 19 ssi
19 ssi 20 ;
20 ; 22 surrogate
20 ; 26 's
21 a 22 surrogate
22 surrogate 23 for
22 surrogate 26 's
23 for 25 bone
24 a 25 bone
26 's 27 resistance
26 's 28 to
28 to 37 and
29 bending 30 and
30 and 31 torsion
30 and 32 )
30 and 35 thickness
30 and 37 and
33 , 35 thickness
34 cortical 35 thickness
35 thickness 36 ,
37 and 39 metacarpal
37 and 48 )(,
37 and 49 with
38 the 39 metacarpal
40 index 46 csa
41 ( 46 csa
42 mi 46 csa
44 cortical 46 csa
45 csa/total 46 csa
46 csa 48 )(,
49 with 54 csa
50 the 54 csa
51 explanatory 54 csa
52 variables 53 muscle
53 muscle 54 csa
54 csa 61 and
55 , 61 and
56 age 57 ,
57 , 59 status
57 , 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 62 sex
61 and 63 .

results : forearm muscle csa was associated with cortical and total metacarpal csa and polar ssi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 forearm
3 forearm 4 muscle
3 forearm 7 associated
4 muscle 5 csa
4 muscle 6 was
4 muscle 7 associated
5 csa 6 was
7 associated 8 with
8 with 14 and
9 cortical 10 and
10 and 11 total
10 and 13 csa
12 metacarpal 13 csa
13 csa 14 and
14 and 16 ssi
15 polar 16 ssi

[ra] group status was associated with all bone parameters except cortical csa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
2 group 3 status
3 status 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 10 except
6 with 9 parameters
7 all 9 parameters
8 bone 9 parameters
10 except 12 csa
11 cortical 12 csa

there was a significant interaction between [ra] status and age , indicating that the [ra] group had a greater age - related decrease in cortical csa , cortical thickness , and the mi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 interaction
2 was 6 between
3 a 5 interaction
4 significant 5 interaction
6 between 9 and
8 status 9 and
9 and 10 age
9 and 12 indicating
11 , 12 indicating
12 indicating 13 that
12 indicating 21 -
13 that 16 group
13 that 17 had
14 the 16 group
16 group 17 had
17 had 20 age
18 a 20 age
19 greater 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 23 decrease
23 decrease 24 in
24 in 31 and
25 cortical 26 csa
26 csa 27 ,
27 , 29 thickness
27 , 31 and
28 cortical 29 thickness
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 mi
32 the 33 mi

conclusion : bone geometry of the metacarpal shaft is altered in [ra] patients compared to healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 geometry
2 : 10 altered
2 : 18 .
3 bone 4 geometry
4 geometry 5 of
4 geometry 9 is
5 of 8 shaft
6 the 8 shaft
7 metacarpal 8 shaft
9 is 10 altered
10 altered 11 in
11 in 13 patients
13 patients 14 compared
14 compared 15 to
15 to 17 controls
16 healthy 17 controls

whereas [bone] [mass] [of] the metacarpal shaft is adapted to forearm muscle mass , cortical thickness and the mi are reduced , [but] outer bone shaft circumference and the polar ssi increased in [ra] patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 whereas 7 shaft
1 whereas 9 adapted
1 whereas 13 mass
5 the 7 shaft
6 metacarpal 7 shaft
7 shaft 8 is
8 is 9 adapted
9 adapted 10 to
10 to 12 muscle
11 forearm 12 muscle
14 , 17 and
14 , 21 reduced
14 , 22 ,
15 cortical 16 thickness
16 thickness 17 and
17 and 19 mi
17 and 20 are
18 the 19 mi
20 are 21 reduced
22 , 27 circumference
22 , 28 and
24 outer 25 bone
25 bone 27 circumference
26 shaft 27 circumference
28 and 31 ssi
28 and 32 increased
29 the 31 ssi
30 polar 31 ssi
31 ssi 32 increased
32 increased 33 in
33 in 35 patients

these adaptations correspond to an enhanced aging pattern in [ra] patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adaptations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correspond
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 adaptations
2 adaptations 3 correspond
3 correspond 4 to
3 correspond 9 in
4 to 8 pattern
5 an 8 pattern
6 enhanced 8 pattern
7 aging 8 pattern
9 in 11 patients

the widely accepted oxidative stress theory of aging postulates that aging results from accumulation of oxidative damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 theory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 postulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 6 theory
2 widely 3 accepted
3 accepted 5 stress
4 oxidative 5 stress
5 stress 6 theory
6 theory 7 of
6 theory 9 postulates
7 of 8 aging
9 postulates 10 that
10 that 11 aging
10 that 12 results
11 aging 12 results
12 results 13 from
13 from 14 accumulation
14 accumulation 15 of
15 of 17 damage
16 oxidative 17 damage

a prediction of this theory is that , among species , differential rates of aging may be [apparent] on the basis of intrinsic differences in oxidative damage accrual . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prediction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 prediction
2 prediction 3 of
2 prediction 6 is
3 of 5 theory
4 this 5 theory
6 is 7 that
6 is 9 among
8 , 9 among
9 among 10 species
9 among 11 ,
11 , 13 rates
11 , 17 be
12 differential 13 rates
13 rates 14 of
13 rates 16 may
14 of 15 aging
16 may 17 be
17 be 19 on
17 be 28 accrual
19 on 21 basis
20 the 21 basis
21 basis 22 of
22 of 24 differences
23 intrinsic 24 differences
24 differences 25 in
25 in 27 damage
26 oxidative 27 damage

[although] widely accepted , there is a growing number of exceptions to this theory , most contingently related to genetic model organism investigations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 widely 3 accepted
3 accepted 4 ,
3 accepted 5 there
5 there 6 is
6 is 9 number
7 a 9 number
8 growing 9 number
9 number 10 of
10 of 11 exceptions
11 exceptions 12 to
12 to 14 theory
13 this 14 theory
15 , 16 most
15 , 18 related
16 most 18 related
17 contingently 18 related
18 related 19 to
19 to 23 investigations
20 genetic 21 model
21 model 23 investigations
22 organism 23 investigations

proteins are one of the prime targets for oxidative damage and cysteine residues are particularly sensitive to reversible and irreversible oxidation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 proteins 2 are
2 are 3 one
3 one 4 of
4 of 7 targets
5 the 7 targets
6 prime 7 targets
7 targets 8 for
8 for 10 damage
9 oxidative 10 damage
11 and 13 residues
11 and 14 are
12 cysteine 13 residues
13 residues 14 are
14 are 15 particularly
14 are 16 sensitive
16 sensitive 17 to
17 to 21 oxidation
18 reversible 19 and
19 and 20 irreversible
19 and 21 oxidation

the adaptation and survival of cells and organisms requires the ability to sense proteotoxic insults and to coordinate protective cellular stress response pathways and chaperone networks related to protein quality control and stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 adaptation
2 adaptation 3 and
3 and 4 survival
3 and 5 of
3 and 16 and
5 of 7 and
6 cells 7 and
7 and 8 organisms
9 requires 11 ability
9 requires 16 and
10 the 11 ability
11 ability 12 to
11 ability 13 sense
12 to 13 sense
13 sense 15 insults
14 proteotoxic 15 insults
16 and 17 to
16 and 24 and
16 and 28 to
17 to 24 and
18 coordinate 23 pathways
18 coordinate 24 and
19 protective 21 stress
20 cellular 21 stress
21 stress 23 pathways
22 response 23 pathways
24 and 25 chaperone
25 chaperone 26 networks
26 networks 27 related
28 to 32 and
29 protein 30 quality
30 quality 31 control
31 control 32 and
32 and 33 stability

the toxic effects that stem from the [misassembly] [or] aggregation of proteins or peptides , in any cell type , are collectively termed proteotoxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 termed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 effects
2 toxic 3 effects
3 effects 4 that
3 effects 5 stem
3 effects 21 are
4 that 5 stem
5 stem 6 from
6 from 10 aggregation
7 the 10 aggregation
10 aggregation 11 of
11 of 13 or
12 proteins 13 or
13 or 14 peptides
13 or 16 in
15 , 16 in
16 in 19 type
16 in 20 ,
17 any 19 type
18 cell 19 type
21 are 23 termed
22 collectively 23 termed
23 termed 24 proteotoxicity

despite the abundance and apparent capacity [of] chaperones and other components of homeostasis to restore folding equilibrium , the cell appears poorly adapted for chronic proteotoxic stress which increases in cancer , metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 despite 9 and
1 despite 20 cell
2 the 3 abundance
3 abundance 4 and
4 and 5 apparent
4 and 6 capacity
4 and 8 chaperones
4 and 9 and
6 capacity 8 chaperones
9 and 11 components
9 and 12 of
9 and 14 to
9 and 15 restore
10 other 11 components
12 of 13 homeostasis
14 to 15 restore
16 folding 17 equilibrium
16 folding 18 ,
16 folding 20 cell
19 the 20 cell
20 cell 21 appears
21 appears 23 adapted
22 poorly 23 adapted
23 adapted 24 for
23 adapted 30 in
24 for 27 stress
25 chronic 27 stress
26 proteotoxic 27 stress
27 stress 28 which
27 stress 29 increases
28 which 29 increases
30 in 31 cancer
32 , 36 diseases
33 metabolic 34 and
34 and 35 neurodegenerative
34 and 36 diseases

pharmacological modulation of cellular stress response pathways has emerging implications for the treatment of human diseases , including neurodegenerative disorders , cardiovascular disease , and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 pharmacological 2 modulation
2 modulation 3 of
2 modulation 8 has
3 of 7 pathways
4 cellular 5 stress
5 stress 7 pathways
6 response 7 pathways
8 has 10 implications
8 has 11 for
9 emerging 10 implications
11 for 25 and
12 the 13 treatment
13 treatment 14 of
13 treatment 25 and
14 of 16 diseases
15 human 16 diseases
16 diseases 18 including
17 , 18 including
18 including 20 disorders
18 including 24 ,
19 neurodegenerative 20 disorders
20 disorders 23 disease
21 , 23 disease
22 cardiovascular 23 disease
23 disease 24 ,
25 and 26 cancer

a critical key to successful medical intervention is getting the dose right . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 key
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 critical
1 a 3 key
2 critical 3 key
3 key 4 to
3 key 8 is
4 to 7 intervention
5 successful 7 intervention
6 medical 7 intervention
8 is 9 getting
9 getting 11 dose
9 getting 12 right
10 the 11 dose

achieving this goal can be extremely challenging due to human [inter] - individual variation as affected by age , gender , diet , exercise , genetic factors and health status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 achieving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 achieving 3 goal
1 achieving 4 can
2 this 3 goal
4 can 5 be
5 be 7 challenging
6 extremely 7 challenging
7 challenging 9 to
7 challenging 17 by
8 due 9 to
9 to 14 variation
10 human 12 -
10 human 13 individual
13 individual 14 variation
14 variation 16 affected
15 as 16 affected
17 by 28 and
18 age 19 ,
19 , 20 gender
19 , 21 ,
21 , 22 diet
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 exercise
23 , 25 ,
25 , 27 factors
25 , 28 and
26 genetic 27 factors
28 and 30 status
29 health 30 status

the nature of the dose response [in] and adjacent to the therapeutic zones [,] over the past decade has received considerable advances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 nature
2 nature 3 of
2 nature 19 has
3 of 8 and
4 the 6 response
5 dose 6 response
6 response 8 and
8 and 9 adjacent
8 and 10 to
10 to 13 zones
11 the 13 zones
12 therapeutic 13 zones
13 zones 15 over
15 over 18 decade
16 the 18 decade
17 past 18 decade
19 has 20 received
20 received 22 advances
21 considerable 22 advances

the hormetic dose - response , challenging long - standing beliefs about the nature of the dose - [response] in a lowdose zone , has the potential to affect significantly the design of pre - clinical studies and clinical trials as well as strategies for optimal patient dosing in the treatment of numerous diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 the 3 dose
2 hormetic 3 dose
4 - 5 response
4 - 6 ,
4 - 55 .
6 , 7 challenging
6 , 25 has
7 challenging 11 beliefs
7 challenging 12 about
7 challenging 25 has
8 long 9 -
8 long 11 beliefs
10 standing 11 beliefs
12 about 14 nature
13 the 14 nature
14 nature 15 of
15 of 17 dose
16 the 17 dose
17 dose 20 in
18 - 20 in
20 in 23 zone
20 in 24 ,
21 a 23 zone
22 lowdose 23 zone
25 has 40 trials
26 the 40 trials
27 potential 28 to
27 potential 38 and
28 to 29 affect
29 affect 30 significantly
29 affect 32 design
31 the 32 design
32 design 33 of
33 of 37 studies
34 pre 35 -
34 pre 37 studies
36 clinical 37 studies
38 and 39 clinical
38 and 40 trials
40 trials 43 as
41 as 42 well
42 well 43 as
43 as 44 strategies
44 strategies 45 for
44 strategies 49 in
45 for 48 dosing
46 optimal 47 patient
47 patient 48 dosing
49 in 51 treatment
50 the 51 treatment
51 treatment 52 of
52 of 54 diseases
53 numerous 54 diseases

given the broad cytoprotective properties of the heat shock response there is now strong interest in discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses , including carnitines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 given 5 properties
1 given 12 is
2 the 5 properties
3 broad 5 properties
4 cytoprotective 5 properties
5 properties 6 of
6 of 10 response
7 the 10 response
8 heat 9 shock
9 shock 10 response
10 response 11 there
12 is 15 interest
13 now 14 strong
14 strong 15 interest
15 interest 16 in
15 interest 28 including
16 in 18 and
17 discovering 18 and
18 and 21 agents
18 and 27 ,
19 developing 21 agents
20 pharmacological 21 agents
21 agents 22 capable
22 capable 23 of
23 of 24 inducing
24 inducing 26 responses
25 stress 26 responses
28 including 29 carnitines

this paper describes in mechanistic detail how hormetic dose responses are mediated for endogenous cellular defense pathways , including the possible signaling mechanisms by which the carnitine system , by interplaying metabolism , mitochondrial energetics and activation of critical vitagenes , modulates signal transduction cascades that confer cytoprotection against chronic degenerative damage associated to aging and neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 describes
3 describes 4 in
3 describes 7 how
4 in 6 detail
5 mechanistic 6 detail
7 how 8 hormetic
8 hormetic 10 responses
9 dose 10 responses
10 responses 11 are
11 are 12 mediated
12 mediated 13 for
13 for 17 pathways
14 endogenous 16 defense
15 cellular 16 defense
16 defense 17 pathways
18 , 19 including
18 , 53 associated
19 including 23 mechanisms
19 including 49 against
19 including 53 associated
20 the 23 mechanisms
21 possible 23 mechanisms
22 signaling 23 mechanisms
23 mechanisms 24 by
24 by 25 which
24 by 28 system
24 by 42 modulates
26 the 28 system
27 carnitine 28 system
28 system 30 by
28 system 36 and
28 system 42 modulates
29 , 30 by
30 by 32 metabolism
30 by 33 ,
31 interplaying 32 metabolism
33 , 36 and
34 mitochondrial 35 energetics
35 energetics 36 and
36 and 37 activation
36 and 38 of
36 and 41 ,
38 of 40 vitagenes
39 critical 40 vitagenes
42 modulates 45 cascades
43 signal 44 transduction
44 transduction 45 cascades
45 cascades 46 that
45 cascades 47 confer
46 that 47 confer
47 confer 48 cytoprotection
49 against 52 damage
50 chronic 52 damage
51 degenerative 52 damage
53 associated 54 to
54 to 58 disorders
55 aging 56 and
56 and 57 neurodegenerative
56 and 58 disorders

lignin - derived phenolic compounds can be extracted from oak barrels during the aging of red wine , and it is hypothesized that these compounds may contribute to the health benefits of red wine by their antioxidant , radical - scavenging , or chemopreventive activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 lignin 2 -
1 lignin 5 compounds
3 derived 5 compounds
4 phenolic 5 compounds
5 compounds 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 extracted
8 extracted 9 from
8 extracted 12 during
9 from 11 barrels
10 oak 11 barrels
12 during 14 aging
13 the 14 aging
14 aging 15 of
15 of 17 wine
16 red 17 wine
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 it
19 and 22 hypothesized
20 it 21 is
21 is 22 hypothesized
22 hypothesized 23 that
23 that 25 compounds
23 that 27 contribute
24 these 25 compounds
25 compounds 26 may
26 may 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to
28 to 31 benefits
29 the 31 benefits
30 health 31 benefits
31 benefits 32 of
32 of 34 wine
33 red 34 wine
34 wine 35 by
35 by 45 activities
36 their 45 activities
37 antioxidant 38 ,
37 antioxidant 45 activities
39 radical 41 scavenging
39 radical 43 or
40 - 41 scavenging
41 scavenging 42 ,
43 or 44 chemopreventive
43 or 45 activities

density functional calculations ( b3lyp/6 - 311++g ) support the radical - scavenging abilities of the oak phenolics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 phenolics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 density 3 calculations
1 density 9 support
1 density 18 phenolics
2 functional 3 calculations
3 calculations 5 b3lyp/6
3 calculations 9 support
4 ( 5 b3lyp/6
5 b3lyp/6 7 311++g
5 b3lyp/6 8 )
6 - 7 311++g
7 311++g 8 )
9 support 14 abilities
10 the 14 abilities
11 radical 12 -
11 radical 14 abilities
13 scavenging 14 abilities
14 abilities 15 of
15 of 17 oak
16 the 17 oak

sinapaldehyde , syringaldehyde , syringol , and syringylacetone all have bond dissociation energies that are lower than resveratrol and comparable to the flavonoid catechin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 bond
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 sinapaldehyde 5 syringol
1 sinapaldehyde 7 and
2 , 5 syringol
3 syringaldehyde 4 ,
3 syringaldehyde 5 syringol
5 syringol 6 ,
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 syringylacetone
7 and 9 all
7 and 10 have
7 and 11 bond
9 all 10 have
11 bond 13 energies
12 dissociation 13 energies
13 energies 14 that
13 energies 15 are
14 that 15 are
15 are 16 lower
16 lower 17 than
17 than 19 and
17 than 21 to
18 resveratrol 19 and
19 and 20 comparable
21 to 24 catechin
22 the 24 catechin
23 flavonoid 24 catechin

molecular docking studies of the oak phenolics with known resveratrol protein targets also show that these compounds dock favorably to the protein targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 molecular
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 phenolics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 molecular 2 docking
1 molecular 7 phenolics
2 docking 3 studies
3 studies 4 of
4 of 6 oak
5 the 6 oak
7 phenolics 8 with
7 phenolics 20 to
8 with 11 protein
9 known 10 resveratrol
10 resveratrol 11 protein
11 protein 12 targets
11 protein 18 dock
12 targets 14 show
13 also 14 show
14 show 15 that
15 that 17 compounds
15 that 18 dock
16 these 17 compounds
17 compounds 18 dock
18 dock 19 favorably
20 to 23 targets
21 the 23 targets
22 protein 23 targets

thus , lignin - derived oak phenolics , [although] found in small concentrations , may contribute to the beneficial antioxidant , chemopreventive , and cardioprotective effects of red wine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lignin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 lignin
3 lignin 7 phenolics
3 lignin 14 ,
4 - 7 phenolics
5 derived 6 oak
6 oak 7 phenolics
7 phenolics 8 ,
10 found 11 in
10 found 13 concentrations
10 found 14 ,
12 small 13 concentrations
14 , 15 may
15 may 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 to
17 to 26 effects
18 the 26 effects
19 beneficial 26 effects
20 antioxidant 21 ,
21 , 22 chemopreventive
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 cardioprotective
24 and 26 effects
26 effects 27 of
27 of 29 wine
28 red 29 wine

a key feature of [many] age - related diseases is the oxidative stress - induced accumulation of protein methionine sulfoxide ( pmso ) which causes lost protein function [and] cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 3 feature
2 key 3 feature
3 feature 4 of
3 feature 10 is
4 of 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 diseases
8 related 10 is
10 is 13 stress
11 the 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
14 - 16 accumulation
15 induced 16 accumulation
16 accumulation 17 of
16 accumulation 24 which
16 accumulation 25 causes
17 of 20 sulfoxide
18 protein 20 sulfoxide
19 methionine 20 sulfoxide
20 sulfoxide 22 pmso
21 ( 22 pmso
22 pmso 23 )
24 which 25 causes
25 causes 31 death
26 lost 27 protein
27 protein 28 function
28 function 31 death
30 cell 31 death

proteins whose functions are lost upon pmso formation can be repaired by the enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase a ( msra ) [which] is a key regulator of longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 proteins 2 whose
1 proteins 5 lost
2 whose 3 functions
3 functions 4 are
5 lost 6 upon
6 upon 7 pmso
7 pmso 8 formation
7 pmso 10 be
7 pmso 11 repaired
7 pmso 12 by
8 formation 9 can
9 can 10 be
12 by 14 enzyme
12 by 17 reductase
12 by 23 is
13 the 14 enzyme
15 methionine 17 reductase
16 sulfoxide 17 reductase
17 reductase 18 a
17 reductase 20 msra
17 reductase 23 is
19 ( 20 msra
20 msra 21 )
23 is 26 regulator
24 a 26 regulator
25 key 26 regulator
26 regulator 27 of
27 of 28 longevity

one disease intimately associated with pmso formation and loss of msra activity is age - related human cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 one 2 disease
2 disease 4 associated
3 intimately 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 8 and
6 pmso 7 formation
7 formation 8 and
8 and 9 loss
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 msra
11 msra 12 activity
11 msra 14 age
12 activity 13 is
13 is 14 age
15 - 18 cataract
15 - 19 .
16 related 18 cataract
17 human 18 cataract

pmso levels increase in the eye lens upon aging and in age - related human cataract as much as 70 % [of] total lens protein is converted to pmso . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pmso
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 converted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 pmso 2 levels
1 pmso 3 increase
1 pmso 26 is
2 levels 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
4 in 7 lens
5 the 7 lens
6 eye 7 lens
7 lens 10 and
8 upon 9 aging
8 upon 10 and
10 and 11 in
11 in 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 25 protein
14 related 26 is
15 human 16 cataract
16 cataract 23 total
17 as 18 much
18 much 19 as
19 as 20 70
20 70 21 %
21 % 23 total
23 total 25 protein
24 lens 25 protein
26 is 27 converted
27 converted 28 to
28 to 29 pmso

msra is required for lens cell maintenance , defense against oxidative stress damage , mitochondrial function and prevention of lens cataract formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 msra
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 msra 2 is
2 is 3 required
3 required 4 for
4 for 17 and
5 lens 7 maintenance
6 cell 7 maintenance
7 maintenance 8 ,
8 , 9 defense
8 , 14 ,
9 defense 10 against
10 against 13 damage
11 oxidative 12 stress
12 stress 13 damage
14 , 16 function
14 , 17 and
15 mitochondrial 16 function
17 and 18 prevention
17 and 19 of
19 of 22 formation
20 lens 22 formation
21 cataract 22 formation

essential for msra action in the lens and other tissues is the availability of a reducing system sufficient to catalytically regenerate active msra . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 essential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 essential 2 for
1 essential 5 in
1 essential 11 is
2 for 4 action
3 msra 4 action
5 in 8 and
6 the 7 lens
7 lens 8 and
8 and 10 tissues
9 other 10 tissues
11 is 13 availability
11 is 18 sufficient
12 the 13 availability
13 availability 14 of
14 of 17 system
15 a 17 system
16 reducing 17 system
18 sufficient 19 to
19 to 21 regenerate
20 catalytically 21 regenerate
21 regenerate 23 msra
22 active 23 msra

to date , the lens reducing system [(] [s] [ )(required for msra activity has not been defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 7 system
3 , 11 )(required
4 the 7 system
5 lens 7 system
6 reducing 7 system
7 system 11 )(required
11 )(required 12 for
11 )(required 14 activity
11 )(required 18 defined
12 for 13 msra
14 activity 15 has
15 has 16 not
15 has 17 been
17 been 18 defined

here , we provide evidence that a novel thioredoxin - like protein called thioredoxin - like 6 ( txnl6 ) can serve as a reducing system for msra repair of the essential lens [chaperone] α - crystallin/shsp and mitochondrial cytochrome [c] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 5 evidence
4 provide 23 as
4 provide 27 for
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 9 thioredoxin
6 that 22 serve
7 a 8 novel
7 a 9 thioredoxin
8 novel 9 thioredoxin
9 thioredoxin 11 like
9 thioredoxin 16 like
9 thioredoxin 21 can
10 - 11 like
11 like 12 protein
11 like 15 -
12 protein 13 called
13 called 14 thioredoxin
15 - 16 like
16 like 17 6
16 like 20 )
17 6 19 txnl6
18 ( 19 txnl6
19 txnl6 20 )
21 can 22 serve
23 as 26 system
24 a 26 system
25 reducing 26 system
27 for 29 repair
28 msra 29 repair
29 repair 30 of
30 of 35 α
31 the 35 α
32 essential 33 lens
33 lens 35 α
35 α 40 cytochrome
36 - 40 cytochrome
37 crystallin/shsp 38 and
38 and 39 mitochondrial
38 and 40 cytochrome
40 cytochrome 42 .

we also show that txnl6 is induced at high levels in human lens epithelial cells exposed to h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) - induced oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 )
1 we 3 show
2 also 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 txnl6
4 that 7 induced
5 txnl6 6 is
6 is 7 induced
7 induced 8 at
7 induced 11 in
8 at 10 levels
9 high 10 levels
11 in 15 cells
12 human 13 lens
13 lens 15 cells
14 epithelial 15 cells
15 cells 16 exposed
15 cells 20 2
16 exposed 17 to
17 to 18 h
19 ( 20 2
20 2 23 (
20 2 24 2
22 ] 23 (
23 ( 24 2
25 ) 28 oxidative
25 ) 29 stress
26 - 28 oxidative
27 induced 28 oxidative

collectively , these data suggest a critical role for txnl6 in msra repair of essential lens proteins under oxidative stress conditions and that txnl6 is important for msra defense protection against [cataract] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 role
5 suggest 11 in
5 suggest 18 under
6 a 7 critical
6 a 8 role
7 critical 8 role
8 role 9 for
9 for 10 txnl6
11 in 13 repair
12 msra 13 repair
13 repair 14 of
14 of 17 proteins
15 essential 16 lens
16 lens 17 proteins
18 under 22 and
19 oxidative 20 stress
20 stress 21 conditions
21 conditions 22 and
22 and 23 that
22 and 24 txnl6
22 and 31 against
24 txnl6 25 is
25 is 26 important
26 important 27 for
26 important 31 against
27 for 30 protection
28 msra 29 defense
29 defense 30 protection

they also suggest that msra uses multiple reducing systems for its repair activity that may augment its function under different cellular conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 they 3 suggest
2 also 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 msra
4 that 6 uses
5 msra 6 uses
6 uses 9 systems
6 uses 19 under
7 multiple 9 systems
8 reducing 9 systems
9 systems 10 for
10 for 13 activity
11 its 13 activity
12 repair 13 activity
13 activity 14 that
13 activity 15 may
14 that 15 may
15 may 16 augment
16 augment 18 function
17 its 18 function
19 under 22 conditions
20 different 22 conditions
21 cellular 22 conditions

background : advanced age contributes to clinical manifestations of many retinopathies and represents a major risk factor for age - related macular degeneration , a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 age
3 advanced 4 age
4 age 12 and
5 contributes 6 to
5 contributes 12 and
6 to 8 manifestations
7 clinical 8 manifestations
8 manifestations 9 of
9 of 11 retinopathies
10 many 11 retinopathies
12 and 13 represents
12 and 18 for
13 represents 17 factor
14 a 17 factor
15 major 17 factor
16 risk 17 factor
18 for 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 23 degeneration
21 related 24 ,
22 macular 23 degeneration
24 , 31 and
25 a 27 cause
26 leading 27 cause
27 cause 28 of
27 cause 31 and
28 of 30 impairment
29 visual 30 impairment
31 and 32 blindness
31 and 33 in
33 in 35 elderly
34 the 35 elderly

rod photoreceptors are especially vulnerable to genetic defects and changes in microenvironment , and [are] among the first neurons to die in normal aging and in many retinal degenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 photoreceptors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 rod 2 photoreceptors
2 photoreceptors 3 are
3 are 4 especially
3 are 5 vulnerable
5 vulnerable 6 to
5 vulnerable 14 and
5 vulnerable 20 to
6 to 9 and
7 genetic 8 defects
8 defects 9 and
9 and 10 changes
11 in 12 microenvironment
11 in 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 among
16 among 19 neurons
17 the 19 neurons
18 first 19 neurons
20 to 21 die
21 die 25 and
22 in 24 aging
22 in 25 and
23 normal 24 aging
25 and 26 in
26 in 30 diseases
27 many 30 diseases
28 retinal 30 diseases
29 degenerative 30 diseases

the molecular mechanisms underlying rod photoreceptor vulnerability and potential biomarkers of the aging process in this [highly] [specialized] cell type are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 molecular 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 underlying
3 mechanisms 8 and
4 underlying 7 vulnerability
5 rod 6 photoreceptor
6 photoreceptor 7 vulnerability
8 and 9 potential
8 and 10 biomarkers
8 and 20 type
8 and 21 are
10 biomarkers 11 of
10 biomarkers 20 type
11 of 14 process
12 the 14 process
13 aging 14 process
14 process 15 in
15 in 19 cell
16 this 19 cell
21 are 22 unknown

methodology/principal findings : to discover aging - associated adaptations that may influence [rod] function , we have generated gene expression profiles of purified rod photoreceptors from mouse retina [at] young adult [to] early stages of aging ( 1.5 , 5 , and 12 month old mice ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
3 : 9 adaptations
3 : 14 function
3 : 15 ,
4 to 5 discover
4 to 7 -
4 to 9 adaptations
5 discover 6 aging
8 associated 9 adaptations
9 adaptations 10 that
9 adaptations 12 influence
9 adaptations 14 function
10 that 11 may
11 may 12 influence
15 , 16 we
15 , 18 generated
16 we 17 have
17 have 18 generated
18 generated 42 and
19 gene 20 expression
20 expression 21 profiles
21 profiles 22 of
21 profiles 42 and
22 of 25 photoreceptors
23 purified 25 photoreceptors
24 rod 25 photoreceptors
25 photoreceptors 26 from
25 photoreceptors 35 of
25 photoreceptors 38 1.5
25 photoreceptors 40 5
26 from 34 stages
27 mouse 28 retina
28 retina 34 stages
30 young 31 adult
31 adult 34 stages
33 early 34 stages
35 of 36 aging
37 ( 38 1.5
38 1.5 39 ,
39 , 40 5
40 5 41 ,
42 and 46 mice
42 and 47 )
43 12 46 mice
44 month 46 mice
45 old 46 mice

we identified 375 genes that showed differential expression in rods from 5 and 12 month old mouse retina compared to that [of] 1.5 month old retina . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 genes
2 identified 20 to
3 375 4 genes
4 genes 5 that
4 genes 6 showed
5 that 6 showed
6 showed 8 expression
7 differential 8 expression
8 expression 9 in
8 expression 19 compared
9 in 13 and
10 rods 11 from
10 rods 13 and
11 from 12 5
13 and 18 retina
14 12 15 month
15 month 18 retina
16 old 17 mouse
17 mouse 18 retina
20 to 26 retina
21 that 26 retina
23 1.5 24 month
24 month 25 old
25 old 26 retina

quantitative rt - pcr experiments validated expression change for a majority of the 25 genes that were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 quantitative 2 rt
2 rt 4 pcr
3 - 4 pcr
4 pcr 5 experiments
5 experiments 6 validated
6 validated 8 change
6 validated 9 for
7 expression 8 change
9 for 15 genes
10 a 11 majority
11 majority 12 of
11 majority 15 genes
12 of 15 genes
13 the 14 25
14 25 15 genes
15 genes 16 that
15 genes 17 were
16 that 17 were
17 were 18 examined

macroanalysis of differentially expressed genes using gene class testing and protein interaction networks revealed overrepresentation of cellular pathways that are potentially photoreceptor - specific ( angiogenesis and lipid/retinoid metabolism ) , in addition to age - related pathways previously described in several tissue types ( oxidative phosphorylation , stress and immune response ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 photoreceptor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 macroanalysis 2 of
1 macroanalysis 6 using
1 macroanalysis 10 and
2 of 5 genes
3 differentially 4 expressed
4 expressed 5 genes
6 using 9 testing
7 gene 9 testing
8 class 9 testing
10 and 11 protein
10 and 13 networks
10 and 14 revealed
10 and 22 photoreceptor
12 interaction 13 networks
13 networks 14 revealed
14 revealed 15 overrepresentation
15 overrepresentation 16 of
16 of 18 pathways
17 cellular 18 pathways
18 pathways 19 that
18 pathways 20 are
19 that 20 are
20 are 21 potentially
23 - 38 pathways
23 - 40 described
23 - 54 .
24 specific 27 and
24 specific 38 pathways
25 ( 27 and
26 angiogenesis 27 and
27 and 29 metabolism
27 and 30 )
27 and 32 in
27 and 36 -
28 lipid/retinoid 29 metabolism
31 , 32 in
32 in 33 addition
32 in 36 -
33 addition 34 to
34 to 35 age
37 related 38 pathways
38 pathways 40 described
39 previously 40 described
40 described 41 in
40 described 44 types
41 in 42 several
43 tissue 44 types
44 types 47 phosphorylation
45 ( 47 phosphorylation
46 oxidative 47 phosphorylation
47 phosphorylation 50 and
47 phosphorylation 53 )
48 , 50 and
49 stress 50 and
50 and 52 response
50 and 53 )
51 immune 52 response

conclusions/significance : our study suggests a progressive shift in cellular homeostasis that may underlie aging - associated functional decline [in] rod photoreceptors and contribute to a more permissive state for pathological processes involved in retinal diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions/significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 16 -
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 8 shift
6 a 7 progressive
6 a 8 shift
7 progressive 8 shift
8 shift 9 in
8 shift 15 aging
9 in 11 homeostasis
10 cellular 11 homeostasis
11 homeostasis 12 that
11 homeostasis 14 underlie
12 that 13 may
13 may 14 underlie
16 - 23 and
17 associated 22 photoreceptors
17 associated 23 and
18 functional 19 decline
19 decline 22 photoreceptors
21 rod 22 photoreceptors
23 and 24 contribute
24 contribute 25 to
25 to 29 state
26 a 29 state
27 more 28 permissive
28 permissive 29 state
29 state 30 for
29 state 34 in
30 for 32 processes
31 pathological 32 processes
32 processes 33 involved
34 in 36 diseases
35 retinal 36 diseases

selection of t [cells] does not end with events in the thymus , but continues in extrathymic tissues and for the life of the organism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 selection 2 of
1 selection 14 but
2 of 3 t
5 does 6 not
5 does 7 end
5 does 14 but
7 end 8 with
7 end 10 in
8 with 9 events
10 in 12 thymus
11 the 12 thymus
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 continues
15 continues 19 and
16 in 18 tissues
16 in 19 and
17 extrathymic 18 tissues
19 and 20 for
20 for 22 life
21 the 22 life
22 life 23 of
23 of 25 organism
24 the 25 organism

in this review , we examine how self [-] [reactive] t cells are rendered harmless and the processes that select for t cells that are most efficient at combating pathogens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 examine
6 examine 7 how
7 how 8 self
7 how 14 rendered
8 self 11 t
8 self 12 cells
8 self 13 are
8 self 14 rendered
12 cells 13 are
14 rendered 16 and
15 harmless 16 and
16 and 18 processes
16 and 19 that
16 and 20 select
17 the 18 processes
19 that 20 select
20 select 21 for
20 select 23 cells
20 select 28 at
21 for 22 t
23 cells 24 that
23 cells 25 are
24 that 25 are
25 are 27 efficient
26 most 27 efficient
28 at 30 pathogens
29 combating 30 pathogens

the implications of peripheral [t] - cell selection for the immune response as animals age are discussed as [is] the critical role of dendritic cells in directing t - cell differentiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 implications
2 implications 3 of
2 implications 9 for
2 implications 16 are
3 of 8 selection
4 peripheral 6 -
4 peripheral 7 cell
7 cell 8 selection
9 for 12 response
10 the 12 response
11 immune 12 response
12 response 13 as
13 as 15 age
14 animals 15 age
16 are 17 discussed
17 discussed 18 as
18 as 22 role
20 the 22 role
21 critical 22 role
22 role 23 of
23 of 25 cells
24 dendritic 25 cells
25 cells 26 in
26 in 27 directing
27 directing 28 t
29 - 31 differentiation
30 cell 31 differentiation

[none] none unlabelled : this study evaluated the reference range and reproducibility of the gastric emptying study with oatmeal as a function of age and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 none 3 unlabelled
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 evaluated
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 11 and
7 evaluated 18 with
7 evaluated 20 as
8 the 11 and
9 reference 10 range
10 range 11 and
11 and 12 reproducibility
11 and 13 of
13 of 17 study
14 the 17 study
15 gastric 17 study
16 emptying 17 study
18 with 19 oatmeal
20 as 22 function
21 a 22 function
22 function 23 of
23 of 25 and
24 age 25 and
25 and 26 sex

methods : twenty - four healthy subjects , 12 men and 12 women , categorized into 3 age groups , 20 - 40 , 40 - 60 , and 60 - 80 [y] , were [studied] twice [,] 1 d apart , with instant oatmeal labeled [with] ( 99 m [ c] - sulfur colloid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 twenty
4 - 7 subjects
4 - 8 ,
5 four 7 subjects
6 healthy 7 subjects
8 , 11 and
8 , 20 ,
9 12 10 men
10 men 11 and
11 and 13 women
11 and 14 ,
11 and 15 categorized
12 12 13 women
14 , 15 categorized
15 categorized 16 into
15 categorized 20 ,
16 into 19 groups
17 3 19 groups
18 age 19 groups
20 , 21 20
20 , 22 -
20 , 29 and
21 20 22 -
22 - 23 40
23 40 26 -
24 , 26 -
25 40 26 -
26 - 27 60
26 - 28 ,
29 and 30 60
30 60 32 80
30 60 35 were
31 - 32 80
32 80 34 ,
35 were 37 twice
35 were 41 apart
35 were 43 with
39 1 40 d
40 d 41 apart
42 , 43 with
43 with 45 oatmeal
43 with 46 labeled
43 with 55 colloid
44 instant 45 oatmeal
46 labeled 52 c]
48 ( 52 c]
49 99 50 m
50 m 52 c]
52 c] 54 sulfur
52 c] 55 colloid
53 - 54 sulfur

imaging was performed in the upright position using [the] left anterior oblique ( lao ) , right posterior oblique ( rpo ) , anterior , and posterior projections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 imaging 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 in
3 performed 8 using
4 in 7 position
5 the 7 position
6 upright 7 position
8 using 28 projections
10 left 18 posterior
11 anterior 17 right
12 oblique 14 lao
12 oblique 16 ,
12 oblique 17 right
13 ( 14 lao
14 lao 15 )
17 right 18 posterior
18 posterior 28 projections
19 oblique 21 rpo
19 oblique 23 ,
19 oblique 28 projections
20 ( 21 rpo
21 rpo 22 )
24 anterior 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 posterior
26 and 28 projections

one - minute digital images acquired every 15 min for 60 min were used to calculate a simple [half] - time of emptying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 - 3 minute
3 minute 5 images
4 digital 5 images
5 images 6 acquired
5 images 8 15
5 images 16 calculate
7 every 8 15
8 15 9 min
8 15 13 were
9 min 10 for
10 for 12 min
11 60 12 min
13 were 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 16 calculate
15 to 16 calculate
16 calculate 21 time
17 a 21 time
18 simple 20 -
18 simple 21 time
21 time 22 of
22 of 23 emptying

results : a strong correlation was found among half - times of gastric emptying calculated from the anterior projection , lao projection , anterior - posterior geometric mean , and lao - rpo geometric mean ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 5 correlation
2 : 7 found
2 : 15 calculated
3 a 4 strong
3 a 5 correlation
4 strong 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 among
8 among 9 half
10 - 15 calculated
11 times 12 of
11 times 15 calculated
12 of 14 emptying
13 gastric 14 emptying
15 calculated 16 from
15 calculated 38 <
15 calculated 40 )
16 from 30 and
17 the 19 projection
18 anterior 19 projection
19 projection 20 ,
20 , 22 projection
20 , 23 ,
21 lao 22 projection
23 , 28 mean
23 , 30 and
24 anterior 25 -
24 anterior 26 posterior
26 posterior 28 mean
27 geometric 28 mean
29 , 30 and
30 and 35 mean
31 lao 33 rpo
32 - 33 rpo
33 rpo 35 mean
34 geometric 35 mean
36 ( 38 <
37 p 38 <
38 < 39 0.01

a significant inverse correlation was found between increasing age and decreasing half - time of emptying in men and women ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 a 2 significant
1 a 4 correlation
2 significant 4 correlation
3 inverse 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 between
6 found 12 half
7 between 10 and
8 increasing 9 age
9 age 10 and
10 and 11 decreasing
13 - 19 and
13 - 26 .
14 time 15 of
14 time 19 and
15 of 16 emptying
16 emptying 17 in
16 emptying 18 men
19 and 20 women
19 and 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.05
23 < 25 )

a reference range of 10 - 60 min is suggested for 20 - to 40 - y - old patients , 10 - 40 min for 40 - to 60 - y - olds , [and] 10 - 30 min for 60 - to 80 - y - olds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 a 3 range
2 reference 3 range
3 range 4 of
3 range 9 is
4 of 8 min
5 10 6 -
6 - 7 60
6 - 8 min
9 is 10 suggested
10 suggested 11 for
11 for 12 20
12 20 14 to
13 - 14 to
14 to 15 40
14 to 23 -
15 40 18 -
15 40 22 10
16 - 18 -
17 y 18 -
18 - 20 patients
18 - 21 ,
19 old 20 patients
21 , 22 10
22 10 23 -
23 - 24 40
24 40 25 min
24 40 40 min
25 min 26 for
25 min 29 to
25 min 33 -
25 min 38 -
26 for 27 40
28 - 29 to
29 to 30 60
29 to 31 -
31 - 33 -
32 y 33 -
33 - 34 olds
33 - 35 ,
37 10 38 -
38 - 39 30
40 min 41 for
40 min 44 to
41 for 42 60
43 - 44 to
44 to 45 80
44 to 50 .
45 80 48 -
46 - 48 -
47 y 48 -
48 - 49 olds
48 - 50 .

[half] - times of emptying tended to be longer for women than for men ( not statistically significant ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 - 3 times
3 times 4 of
3 times 6 tended
4 of 5 emptying
6 tended 7 to
6 tended 8 be
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 longer
9 longer 10 for
9 longer 12 than
10 for 11 women
12 than 13 for
13 for 14 men
14 men 18 significant
15 ( 16 not
15 ( 18 significant
17 statistically 18 significant
18 significant 19 )

there was a large variation between the first and second studies , with a trend toward decreasing variation with increasing age in both men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 18 variation
3 a 5 variation
4 large 5 variation
5 variation 6 between
5 variation 9 and
6 between 8 first
7 the 8 first
9 and 11 studies
9 and 12 ,
9 and 13 with
9 and 18 variation
10 second 11 studies
13 with 15 trend
14 a 15 trend
15 trend 16 toward
16 toward 17 decreasing
18 variation 19 with
19 with 20 increasing
20 increasing 21 age
21 age 22 in
22 in 25 and
23 both 25 and
24 men 25 and
25 and 26 women

in repeated studies , a reference range of variation of up to 30 min is suggested for 20 - to 40 - y - old patients , up to 20 min for 40 - to 60 - y - olds , and up to 15 min for 60 - to 80 - y - olds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 suggested
1 in 2 repeated
2 repeated 3 studies
4 , 16 suggested
5 a 6 reference
6 reference 7 range
6 reference 15 is
6 reference 16 suggested
7 range 8 of
7 range 10 of
7 range 15 is
8 of 9 variation
10 of 14 min
11 up 12 to
12 to 13 30
13 30 14 min
16 suggested 17 for
16 suggested 20 to
16 suggested 24 -
17 for 18 20
19 - 20 to
20 to 21 40
20 to 22 -
22 - 24 -
23 y 24 -
24 - 26 patients
24 - 56 .
25 old 26 patients
26 patients 30 20
27 , 30 20
28 up 29 to
29 to 30 20
30 20 42 and
30 20 56 .
31 min 32 for
31 min 42 and
32 for 33 40
33 40 35 to
33 40 39 -
34 - 35 to
35 to 36 60
35 to 37 -
37 - 39 -
38 y 39 -
39 - 40 olds
39 - 41 ,
41 , 42 and
42 and 43 up
43 up 44 to
44 to 46 min
45 15 46 min
46 min 47 for
47 for 48 60
48 60 50 to
48 60 54 -
49 - 50 to
50 to 51 80
50 to 52 -
52 - 54 -
53 y 54 -
54 - 55 olds
54 - 56 .

conclusion : the reference range for half - time of gastric emptying with instant oatmeal decreases with increasing age in both men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 range
3 the 5 range
4 reference 5 range
5 range 6 for
5 range 9 time
6 for 7 half
8 - 9 time
9 time 10 of
9 time 16 decreases
9 time 19 age
9 time 25 .
10 of 12 emptying
11 gastric 12 emptying
12 emptying 13 with
13 with 15 oatmeal
14 instant 15 oatmeal
16 decreases 17 with
16 decreases 19 age
17 with 18 increasing
19 age 20 in
20 in 23 and
21 both 23 and
22 men 23 and
23 and 24 women

test - [retest] variation is relatively large and tends to decrease with increasing age in both men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 test 2 -
1 test 4 variation
4 variation 8 and
5 is 6 relatively
5 is 7 large
5 is 8 and
8 and 9 tends
8 and 12 with
9 tends 10 to
10 to 11 decrease
12 with 13 increasing
13 increasing 14 age
13 increasing 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 both 17 men
17 men 18 and
18 and 19 women

data from either the lao projection or the anterior - posterior geometric mean are acceptable for calculating the half - time of gastric emptying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 data 2 from
1 data 14 are
2 from 7 or
3 either 7 or
4 the 6 projection
5 lao 6 projection
6 projection 7 or
7 or 13 mean
8 the 13 mean
9 anterior 10 -
9 anterior 13 mean
11 posterior 13 mean
12 geometric 13 mean
14 are 15 acceptable
15 acceptable 16 for
16 for 17 calculating
17 calculating 19 half
18 the 19 half
20 - 21 time
21 time 22 of
22 of 24 emptying
23 gastric 24 emptying

improvements in the quality and implementation of medical care for individuals [with] cystic fibrosis ( cf ) have resulted in a dramatic improvement in survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improvements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 improvements 2 in
1 improvements 18 have
2 in 14 fibrosis
3 the 14 fibrosis
4 quality 5 and
5 and 6 implementation
5 and 7 of
5 and 14 fibrosis
7 of 9 care
8 medical 9 care
9 care 10 for
10 for 11 individuals
13 cystic 14 fibrosis
14 fibrosis 16 cf
15 ( 16 cf
16 cf 17 )
18 have 19 resulted
19 resulted 20 in
19 resulted 24 in
20 in 23 improvement
21 a 22 dramatic
21 a 23 improvement
22 dramatic 23 improvement
24 in 25 survival

many of these strategies have focused on the effective management of pulmonary disease which has delayed its manifestations into later years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 many 2 of
1 many 4 strategies
2 of 4 strategies
3 these 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 have
5 have 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
7 on 10 management
8 the 10 management
9 effective 10 management
10 management 11 of
11 of 13 disease
12 pulmonary 13 disease
13 disease 14 which
13 disease 15 has
14 which 15 has
15 has 16 delayed
16 delayed 18 manifestations
16 delayed 19 into
17 its 18 manifestations
19 into 21 years
20 later 21 years

with an increasing number of patients surviving to later years the impact of chronic inflammation and nutritional compromise on other organ systems over a lifetime are increasingly manifest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 with 6 patients
1 with 7 surviving
1 with 16 and
2 an 4 number
3 increasing 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 6 patients
5 of 6 patients
7 surviving 8 to
8 to 10 years
9 later 10 years
11 the 12 impact
12 impact 13 of
12 impact 16 and
13 of 15 inflammation
14 chronic 15 inflammation
16 and 18 compromise
16 and 19 on
16 and 26 are
17 nutritional 18 compromise
19 on 22 systems
20 other 22 systems
21 organ 22 systems
22 systems 23 over
23 over 25 lifetime
24 a 25 lifetime
26 are 27 increasingly
26 are 28 manifest

this review highlights the changing epidemiology of the ageing cf population and the complications that may ensue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 highlights
3 highlights 6 epidemiology
4 the 6 epidemiology
5 changing 6 epidemiology
6 epidemiology 7 of
7 of 12 and
8 the 11 population
9 ageing 11 population
10 cf 11 population
11 population 12 and
12 and 14 complications
12 and 15 that
12 and 16 may
13 the 14 complications
15 that 16 may
16 may 17 ensue

objective : to assess whether women who underwent forceps delivery were more likely than those who delivered either normally ( spontaneous vaginal delivery [ svd ] ) [or] by cesarean to experience deterioration in fecal continence as they aged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 5 whether
5 whether 6 women
5 whether 11 were
6 women 7 who
6 women 8 underwent
6 women 11 were
7 who 8 underwent
8 underwent 10 delivery
9 forceps 10 delivery
11 were 13 likely
12 more 13 likely
13 likely 14 than
13 likely 29 by
13 likely 31 to
14 than 15 those
15 those 16 who
15 those 17 delivered
15 those 23 delivery
16 who 17 delivered
17 delivered 18 either
17 delivered 19 normally
20 ( 23 delivery
21 spontaneous 23 delivery
22 vaginal 23 delivery
23 delivery 25 svd
23 delivery 27 )
24 [ 25 svd
25 svd 26 ]
29 by 30 cesarean
31 to 32 experience
32 experience 33 deterioration
33 deterioration 34 in
33 deterioration 39 aged
34 in 36 continence
35 fecal 36 continence
37 as 38 they
37 as 39 aged
38 they 39 aged

methods : the study investigated fecal continence assessment among women who gave birth to their first child 10 , 20 , or 30 years previously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 8 assessment
3 the 8 assessment
4 study 8 assessment
5 investigated 7 continence
6 fecal 7 continence
7 continence 8 assessment
8 assessment 9 among
9 among 10 women
10 women 11 who
10 women 12 gave
11 who 12 gave
12 gave 13 birth
12 gave 17 child
12 gave 22 or
12 gave 25 previously
13 birth 14 to
14 to 16 first
15 their 16 first
17 child 18 10
17 child 20 20
19 , 20 20
20 20 21 ,
22 or 24 years
23 30 24 years

women who had undergone forceps delivery in the selected years were matched with women who had svd in the same year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 women 2 who
1 women 3 had
1 women 11 were
2 who 3 had
3 had 4 undergone
4 undergone 6 delivery
4 undergone 7 in
5 forceps 6 delivery
7 in 10 years
8 the 10 years
9 selected 10 years
11 were 12 matched
12 matched 13 with
12 matched 18 in
13 with 14 women
14 women 15 who
14 women 16 had
15 who 16 had
16 had 17 svd
18 in 21 year
19 the 20 same
20 same 21 year

two additional cohorts [(] [1] [premenopausal] , 1 [postmenopausal] [ )(, who had only ever delivered by pre - labor cesarean , were identified for comparison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cohorts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 two 3 cohorts
2 additional 3 cohorts
7 , 8 1
7 , 22 ,
8 1 12 who
8 1 22 ,
11 )(, 12 who
12 who 13 had
12 who 19 -
13 had 16 delivered
14 only 16 delivered
15 ever 16 delivered
16 delivered 17 by
17 by 18 pre
20 labor 21 cesarean
20 labor 22 ,
22 , 23 were
23 were 24 identified
24 identified 25 for
25 for 26 comparison

results : of the 85 women who participated , 36 had undergone forceps delivery , 35 svd , and 14 cesarean delivery only . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 6 women
4 the 5 85
5 85 6 women
6 women 7 who
6 women 8 participated
7 who 8 participated
9 , 10 36
9 , 12 undergone
9 , 19 and
10 36 11 had
11 had 12 undergone
12 undergone 14 delivery
13 forceps 14 delivery
14 delivery 17 svd
15 , 17 svd
16 35 17 svd
17 svd 18 ,
19 and 20 14
19 and 21 cesarean
20 14 21 cesarean
21 cesarean 22 delivery
21 cesarean 23 only

the mode of vaginal delivery had no significant effect on continence scores or manometry pressures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mode
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 mode
2 mode 3 of
2 mode 6 had
3 of 5 delivery
4 vaginal 5 delivery
6 had 9 effect
6 had 10 on
7 no 9 effect
8 significant 9 effect
10 on 13 or
11 continence 12 scores
12 scores 13 or
13 or 15 pressures
14 manometry 15 pressures

premenopausal women who had undergone cesarean delivery had significantly higher manometry pressures than those who delivered vaginally , but this protective effect was lost after the menopause . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 premenopausal 2 women
2 women 3 who
2 women 4 had
2 women 8 had
3 who 4 had
4 had 5 undergone
5 undergone 7 delivery
6 cesarean 7 delivery
8 had 12 pressures
8 had 13 than
9 significantly 10 higher
10 higher 12 pressures
11 manometry 12 pressures
13 than 14 those
14 those 15 who
14 those 16 delivered
15 who 16 delivered
16 delivered 17 vaginally
18 , 19 but
19 but 22 effect
19 but 24 lost
20 this 22 effect
21 protective 22 effect
22 effect 23 was
23 was 24 lost
24 lost 25 after
25 after 27 menopause
26 the 27 menopause

multivariate analysis of pudendal nerve conduction found that the adverse effect of duration since delivery was greater than the adverse effect of forceps compared with vaginal delivery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 multivariate 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 7 found
3 of 6 conduction
4 pudendal 5 nerve
5 nerve 6 conduction
7 found 8 that
7 found 11 effect
7 found 14 since
9 the 11 effect
10 adverse 11 effect
11 effect 12 of
12 of 13 duration
14 since 15 delivery
14 since 16 was
15 delivery 16 was
16 was 17 greater
17 greater 18 than
17 greater 25 with
18 than 21 effect
18 than 22 of
19 the 21 effect
20 adverse 21 effect
22 of 23 forceps
23 forceps 24 compared
25 with 27 delivery
26 vaginal 27 delivery

conclusion : mode of delivery and aging [affect] pelvic floor function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 mode
3 mode 4 of
4 of 6 and
5 delivery 6 and
6 and 11 function
7 aging 10 floor
9 pelvic 10 floor
10 floor 11 function

women who deliver via cesarean are not immune to age - related deterioration of anal sphincter function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 women 2 who
1 women 3 deliver
1 women 6 are
2 who 3 deliver
3 deliver 4 via
4 via 5 cesarean
6 are 7 not
7 not 8 immune
8 immune 9 to
8 immune 11 -
8 immune 17 function
9 to 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 deterioration
12 related 17 function
13 deterioration 14 of
14 of 16 sphincter
15 anal 16 sphincter

the dopamine ( da ) [precursor] [l] - dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l - dopa ) [and] metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( dopac ) , homovanillic acid ( hva ) , and 3 - methoxytyramine may serve as substrates for prostaglandin h synthase ( phs ) - catalyzed bioactivation to free radical intermediates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dopamine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 metabolites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 serve
1 the 2 dopamine
2 dopamine 4 da
2 dopamine 9 dihydroxyphenylalanine
2 dopamine 13 dopa
2 dopamine 16 metabolites
3 ( 4 da
4 da 5 )
8 - 9 dihydroxyphenylalanine
9 dihydroxyphenylalanine 11 l
9 dihydroxyphenylalanine 12 -
10 ( 11 l
11 l 12 -
12 - 13 dopa
13 dopa 14 )
16 metabolites 24 acid
17 dihydroxyphenylacetic 24 acid
18 acid 20 dopac
18 acid 22 ,
18 acid 24 acid
19 ( 20 dopac
20 dopac 21 )
23 homovanillic 24 acid
24 acid 26 hva
25 ( 26 hva
26 hva 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 3
29 and 31 -
30 3 31 -
31 - 32 methoxytyramine
32 methoxytyramine 33 may
33 may 34 serve
34 serve 35 as
34 serve 37 for
35 as 36 substrates
37 for 40 synthase
38 prostaglandin 39 h
38 prostaglandin 40 synthase
40 synthase 42 phs
40 synthase 46 bioactivation
41 ( 42 phs
42 phs 43 )
44 - 46 bioactivation
45 catalyzed 46 bioactivation
46 bioactivation 47 to
46 bioactivation 48 free
46 bioactivation 51 .
47 to 48 free
48 free 50 intermediates
49 radical 50 intermediates

we used cho - k1 cells expressing human ( [h] [ )(phs - [1] or hphs - 2 to investigate hphs isozyme - dependent oxidative damage and cytotoxicity . hphs - 1 - and hphs - 2 - expressing cells incubated with da , l - dopa , dopac , or hva exhibited increased cytotoxicity compared to untransfected cells , and cytotoxicity was increased further by exogenous arachidonic acid ( aa ) , which increased hphs activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 we 2 used
2 used 3 cho
4 - 8 human
4 - 13 -
5 k1 8 human
6 cells 8 human
7 expressing 8 human
8 human 12 )(phs
9 ( 12 )(phs
12 )(phs 13 -
13 - 15 or
13 - 21 hphs
13 - 23 -
15 or 18 2
16 hphs 17 -
16 hphs 18 2
18 2 19 to
18 2 20 investigate
18 2 21 hphs
19 to 20 investigate
21 hphs 22 isozyme
23 - 27 and
23 - 29 .
23 - 33 -
24 dependent 26 damage
25 oxidative 26 damage
26 damage 27 and
27 and 28 cytotoxicity
29 . 30 hphs
30 hphs 32 1
31 - 32 1
33 - 34 and
33 - 41 incubated
33 - 44 ,
34 and 35 hphs
35 hphs 38 -
35 hphs 41 incubated
36 - 38 -
37 2 38 -
38 - 40 cells
39 expressing 40 cells
41 incubated 42 with
42 with 43 da
44 , 45 l
44 , 46 -
45 l 46 -
46 - 51 or
47 dopa 49 dopac
47 dopa 51 or
48 , 49 dopac
49 dopac 50 ,
51 or 52 hva
51 or 63 was
52 hva 53 exhibited
52 hva 54 increased
52 hva 57 to
54 increased 56 compared
55 cytotoxicity 56 compared
57 to 61 and
58 untransfected 59 cells
59 cells 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 62 cytotoxicity
63 was 64 increased
64 increased 65 further
64 increased 66 by
66 by 69 acid
67 exogenous 69 acid
68 arachidonic 69 acid
69 acid 71 aa
69 acid 74 which
70 ( 71 aa
71 aa 72 )
73 , 74 which
74 which 75 increased
74 which 78 .
75 increased 77 activity
76 hphs 77 activity

preincubation [with] [catalase] , which detoxifies reactive oxygen species , or acetylsalicylic acid , an inhibitor of hphs - 1 and - 2 , reduced the cytotoxicity caused by da , l - dopa , dopac , and hva in hphs - 1 and - 2 cells [both] with [and] [without] aa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 preincubation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
4 , 5 which
4 , 6 detoxifies
4 , 14 ,
5 which 6 detoxifies
6 detoxifies 11 or
7 reactive 9 species
8 oxygen 9 species
9 species 11 or
10 , 11 or
11 or 13 acid
12 acetylsalicylic 13 acid
14 , 16 inhibitor
15 an 16 inhibitor
16 inhibitor 17 of
16 inhibitor 25 reduced
17 of 18 hphs
18 hphs 21 and
19 - 21 and
20 1 21 and
21 and 23 2
21 and 24 ,
22 - 23 2
25 reduced 27 cytotoxicity
26 the 27 cytotoxicity
27 cytotoxicity 28 caused
27 cytotoxicity 29 by
27 cytotoxicity 33 -
29 by 30 da
31 , 33 -
32 l 33 -
33 - 38 and
34 dopa 35 ,
35 , 36 dopac
35 , 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 hva
38 and 40 in
40 in 41 hphs
41 hphs 47 cells
42 - 47 cells
43 1 44 and
44 and 46 2
44 and 47 cells
45 - 46 2
47 cells 49 with
47 cells 53 .
49 with 52 aa

protein oxidation was increased in hphs - 1 and - 2 cells exposed to da or l - dopa and further increased by aa addition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 oxidation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 protein 2 oxidation
2 oxidation 20 and
3 was 4 increased
3 was 20 and
4 increased 5 in
5 in 19 dopa
6 hphs 16 or
6 hphs 19 dopa
7 - 16 or
8 1 9 and
9 and 11 2
9 and 12 cells
10 - 11 2
12 cells 13 exposed
12 cells 14 to
12 cells 16 or
14 to 15 da
16 or 17 l
16 or 18 -
20 and 22 increased
20 and 23 by
20 and 25 addition
21 further 22 increased
23 by 24 aa

thus , isozyme - specific , hphs - dependent oxidative damage and cytotoxicity caused by neurotransmitters , their precursors , and their metabolites may contribute to neurodegeneration associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 21 and
3 isozyme 4 -
3 isozyme 11 damage
5 specific 7 hphs
5 specific 11 damage
6 , 7 hphs
7 hphs 8 -
9 dependent 11 damage
10 oxidative 11 damage
11 damage 12 and
12 and 13 cytotoxicity
12 and 14 caused
12 and 19 precursors
12 and 21 and
14 caused 15 by
15 by 16 neurotransmitters
17 , 19 precursors
18 their 19 precursors
19 precursors 20 ,
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 metabolites
21 and 24 may
22 their 23 metabolites
24 may 25 contribute
25 contribute 26 to
25 contribute 29 with
26 to 27 neurodegeneration
27 neurodegeneration 28 associated
29 with 30 aging

as a marker of cellular death , cell [-] free dna ( cf - dna ) has a utility in diagnosis and prognosis of various disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 as 3 marker
1 as 7 ,
1 as 11 dna
2 a 3 marker
3 marker 4 of
4 of 6 death
5 cellular 6 death
8 cell 11 dna
10 free 11 dna
11 dna 13 cf
11 dna 17 has
12 ( 13 cf
13 cf 15 dna
13 cf 16 )
14 - 15 dna
15 dna 16 )
17 has 19 utility
17 has 20 in
18 a 19 utility
20 in 22 and
21 diagnosis 22 and
22 and 23 prognosis
22 and 24 of
24 of 26 disorders
25 various 26 disorders

since aging accompanies increased cellular senescence and death , we aimed to characterize potential age - related alterations in cf - dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 since 2 aging
1 since 3 accompanies
1 since 9 ,
1 since 10 we
2 aging 3 accompanies
3 accompanies 7 and
4 increased 6 senescence
5 cellular 6 senescence
6 senescence 7 and
7 and 8 death
10 we 11 aimed
11 aimed 12 to
11 aimed 13 characterize
12 to 13 characterize
13 characterize 15 age
14 potential 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 alterations
17 related 19 in
19 in 22 dna
20 cf 21 -
20 cf 22 dna

the study population [consisted] of 12 nonagenarian women ( participants in the vitality 90+ study ) and 11 healthy control women ( aged 22 - 37 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 population
2 study 3 population
3 population 5 of
3 population 17 and
5 of 8 women
6 12 8 women
7 nonagenarian 8 women
8 women 10 participants
9 ( 10 participants
10 participants 11 in
10 participants 16 )
11 in 15 study
12 the 14 90+
13 vitality 14 90+
14 90+ 15 study
17 and 21 women
17 and 23 aged
17 and 27 years
18 11 21 women
19 healthy 20 control
20 control 21 women
22 ( 23 aged
23 aged 24 22
23 aged 25 -
25 - 27 years
26 37 27 years
27 years 28 )

some of the nonagenarians ( n=8 ) were also recruited for [follow] - up after one year . cf - dna was extracted using two different methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 some 2 of
1 some 8 were
2 of 4 nonagenarians
3 the 4 nonagenarians
4 nonagenarians 6 n=8
5 ( 6 n=8
6 n=8 7 )
8 were 10 recruited
9 also 10 recruited
10 recruited 11 for
10 recruited 15 after
11 for 14 up
13 - 14 up
15 after 17 year
16 one 17 year
18 . 21 dna
18 . 23 extracted
18 . 28 .
19 cf 20 -
19 cf 21 dna
21 dna 22 was
22 was 23 extracted
23 extracted 24 using
24 using 27 methods
25 two 27 methods
26 different 27 methods

total cf - dna was quantified directly in plasma and the amplifiable cf - dna was assessed using quantitative pcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 total 4 dna
2 cf 3 -
2 cf 4 dna
4 dna 5 was
5 was 6 quantified
6 quantified 7 directly
6 quantified 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 plasma 10 and
10 and 13 cf
11 the 13 cf
12 amplifiable 13 cf
14 - 15 dna
14 - 17 assessed
15 dna 16 was
16 was 17 assessed
17 assessed 18 using
18 using 20 pcr
19 quantitative 20 pcr

quality of cf - dna was analysed with a dna chip assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 quality 2 of
1 quality 6 was
2 of 5 dna
3 cf 4 -
3 cf 5 dna
6 was 7 analysed
7 analysed 8 with
8 with 12 assay
9 a 12 assay
10 dna 11 chip
11 chip 12 assay

for all the quantification methods , the concentration of cf - dna was significantly higher [(] p<0.05 [ )(in nonagenarians as compared to controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 for 2 all
1 for 12 dna
2 all 3 the
2 all 5 methods
3 the 5 methods
4 quantification 5 methods
5 methods 8 concentration
6 , 8 concentration
7 the 8 concentration
8 concentration 9 of
8 concentration 11 -
9 of 10 cf
12 dna 13 was
13 was 14 significantly
13 was 17 p<0.05
13 was 23 to
15 higher 17 p<0.05
17 p<0.05 19 )(in
17 p<0.05 22 compared
19 )(in 20 nonagenarians
21 as 22 compared
23 to 24 controls

the quality of the cf - dna also displayed a marked difference between nonagenarians and controls ; a [fragmented] pattern or appearance of low molecular weight cf - dna was observed in the majority of the nonagenarians , whereas in controls , cf - dna was intact and had [a] quasi - genomic , high molecular weight appearance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
1 the 2 quality
2 quality 3 of
2 quality 9 displayed
3 of 7 dna
4 the 7 dna
5 cf 6 -
5 cf 7 dna
8 also 9 displayed
9 displayed 15 and
10 a 12 difference
11 marked 12 difference
12 difference 13 between
12 difference 15 and
13 between 14 nonagenarians
15 and 16 controls
15 and 17 ;
17 ; 21 or
17 ; 27 cf
17 ; 28 -
18 a 20 pattern
20 pattern 21 or
21 or 22 appearance
21 or 23 of
21 or 27 cf
23 of 26 weight
24 low 26 weight
25 molecular 26 weight
28 - 29 dna
28 - 31 observed
28 - 52 -
29 dna 30 was
30 was 31 observed
31 observed 32 in
31 observed 39 whereas
32 in 34 majority
33 the 34 majority
34 majority 35 of
35 of 37 nonagenarians
36 the 37 nonagenarians
38 , 39 whereas
39 whereas 45 dna
39 whereas 48 and
39 whereas 52 -
40 in 41 controls
40 in 45 dna
41 controls 43 cf
42 , 43 cf
43 cf 44 -
45 dna 48 and
46 was 47 intact
46 was 48 and
48 and 49 had
49 had 51 quasi
52 - 58 appearance
52 - 59 .
53 genomic 54 ,
53 genomic 57 weight
55 high 57 weight
56 molecular 57 weight
57 weight 58 appearance

in nonagenarians , the quality of cf - dna appeared similar in the original and follow - up samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 in 2 nonagenarians
1 in 9 dna
2 nonagenarians 5 quality
3 , 5 quality
4 the 5 quality
5 quality 6 of
5 quality 8 -
6 of 7 cf
9 dna 15 and
10 appeared 11 similar
10 appeared 15 and
11 similar 12 in
12 in 14 original
13 the 14 original
15 and 16 follow
17 - 18 up
17 - 20 .
18 up 19 samples

we propose that [some] , as yet uncharacterized , aspects of aging are reflected in the appearance of cf - dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 3 that
3 that 10 aspects
3 that 14 reflected
5 , 6 as
6 as 8 uncharacterized
6 as 9 ,
6 as 10 aspects
7 yet 8 uncharacterized
10 aspects 11 of
10 aspects 13 are
11 of 12 aging
13 are 14 reflected
14 reflected 15 in
15 in 17 appearance
16 the 17 appearance
17 appearance 18 of
18 of 19 cf
20 - 21 dna
20 - 22 .

cellular senescence is an effective [tumor] - suppressive mechanism that causes a stable proliferative arrest in cells with potentially oncogenic alterations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cellular 2 senescence
2 senescence 3 is
3 is 9 mechanism
4 an 9 mechanism
5 effective 7 -
5 effective 9 mechanism
8 suppressive 9 mechanism
9 mechanism 10 that
9 mechanism 11 causes
10 that 11 causes
11 causes 15 arrest
11 causes 16 in
12 a 13 stable
12 a 15 arrest
13 stable 15 arrest
14 proliferative 15 arrest
16 in 17 cells
17 cells 18 with
18 with 21 alterations
19 potentially 20 oncogenic
20 oncogenic 21 alterations

here , we have investigated the role of the p33ing1 tumor suppressor in the regulation of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 role
5 investigated 13 in
5 investigated 19 in
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 12 suppressor
9 the 12 suppressor
10 p33ing1 12 suppressor
11 tumor 12 suppressor
13 in 15 regulation
14 the 15 regulation
15 regulation 16 of
16 of 18 senescence
17 cellular 18 senescence
19 in 22 fibroblasts
20 human 22 fibroblasts
21 primary 22 fibroblasts

we show that p33ing1 triggers a senescent phenotype in a p53 - dependent fashion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 4 p33ing1
3 that 5 triggers
4 p33ing1 5 triggers
5 triggers 8 phenotype
5 triggers 9 in
6 a 7 senescent
6 a 8 phenotype
7 senescent 8 phenotype
9 in 14 fashion
10 a 11 p53
10 a 14 fashion
11 p53 12 -
11 p53 14 fashion
13 dependent 14 fashion

also , endogenous p33ing1 protein accumulates in chromatin in oncogene - senescent fibroblasts and its silencing by rna interference impairs senescence triggered by oncogenes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 accumulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 also 2 ,
1 also 5 protein
3 endogenous 5 protein
4 p33ing1 5 protein
5 protein 6 accumulates
6 accumulates 7 in
6 accumulates 9 in
7 in 8 chromatin
9 in 10 oncogene
11 - 12 senescent
11 - 13 fibroblasts
11 - 14 and
11 - 25 .
12 senescent 13 fibroblasts
14 and 16 silencing
14 and 20 impairs
15 its 16 silencing
16 silencing 17 by
16 silencing 19 interference
16 silencing 20 impairs
17 by 18 rna
20 impairs 21 senescence
20 impairs 23 by
21 senescence 22 triggered
23 by 24 oncogenes

notably , the ability to induce senescence is lost in a mutant version of p33ing1 present in human tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 lost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 4 ability
3 the 4 ability
4 ability 5 to
4 ability 6 induce
4 ability 8 is
5 to 6 induce
6 induce 7 senescence
8 is 9 lost
9 lost 10 in
10 in 13 version
11 a 12 mutant
11 a 13 version
12 mutant 13 version
13 version 14 of
14 of 15 p33ing1
15 p33ing1 16 present
16 present 17 in
17 in 19 tumors
18 human 19 tumors

using specific point mutants , we further show that recognition of the chromatin mark h3k4me3 is essential for induction of senescence by p33ing1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 using 4 mutants
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 we
2 specific 3 point
3 point 4 mutants
6 we 8 show
7 further 8 show
8 show 10 recognition
8 show 15 h3k4me3
8 show 16 is
9 that 10 recognition
10 recognition 11 of
11 of 14 mark
12 the 14 mark
13 chromatin 14 mark
15 h3k4me3 16 is
16 is 17 essential
17 essential 18 for
17 essential 22 by
18 for 19 induction
19 induction 20 of
20 of 21 senescence
22 by 23 p33ing1

finally , we demonstrate that ing1 - induced senescence is associated to a specific genetic signature with a strong representation of chemokine and cytokine signaling factors , which significantly overlaps with that of oncogene - induced senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 6 ing1
5 that 6 ing1
7 - 9 senescence
7 - 11 associated
7 - 27 ,
8 induced 9 senescence
9 senescence 10 is
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 to
11 associated 17 with
12 to 16 signature
13 a 16 signature
14 specific 16 signature
15 genetic 16 signature
17 with 23 and
17 with 25 signaling
18 a 19 strong
18 a 20 representation
19 strong 20 representation
20 representation 21 of
20 representation 23 and
21 of 22 chemokine
23 and 24 cytokine
25 signaling 26 factors
27 , 28 which
27 , 30 overlaps
28 which 30 overlaps
29 significantly 30 overlaps
30 overlaps 31 with
31 with 32 that
32 that 33 of
33 of 34 oncogene
34 oncogene 37 senescence
35 - 37 senescence
36 induced 37 senescence
37 senescence 38 .

in summary , our results identify ing1 as a critical epigenetic regulator of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts and highlight its role in control of gene expression in the context of this tumor - protective response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 summary
3 , 5 results
3 , 19 and
3 , 34 -
4 our 5 results
5 results 19 and
6 identify 7 ing1
6 identify 8 as
6 identify 16 in
6 identify 19 and
8 as 12 regulator
9 a 10 critical
9 a 12 regulator
10 critical 12 regulator
11 epigenetic 12 regulator
12 regulator 13 of
13 of 15 senescence
14 cellular 15 senescence
16 in 18 fibroblasts
17 human 18 fibroblasts
19 and 20 highlight
20 highlight 22 role
20 highlight 23 in
20 highlight 28 in
21 its 22 role
23 in 24 control
24 control 25 of
25 of 27 expression
26 gene 27 expression
28 in 30 context
29 the 30 context
30 context 31 of
31 of 33 tumor
32 this 33 tumor
34 - 36 response
34 - 37 .
35 protective 36 response

purpose : the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two pigments ( ceramic powder and oil paint ) and one opacifier ( barium [sulfate] ) on the color stability of mdx4 - 4210 facial silicone submitted to accelerated aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluate
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 evaluate
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 influence
10 evaluate 30 on
11 the 12 influence
12 influence 13 of
13 of 15 pigments
14 two 15 pigments
15 pigments 23 and
16 ( 23 and
17 ceramic 18 powder
18 powder 19 and
19 and 21 paint
19 and 22 )
19 and 23 and
20 oil 21 paint
23 and 25 opacifier
23 and 27 barium
23 and 29 )
24 one 25 opacifier
26 ( 27 barium
27 barium 29 )
30 on 33 stability
31 the 33 stability
32 color 33 stability
33 stability 34 of
33 stability 39 silicone
34 of 35 mdx4
36 - 39 silicone
37 4210 39 silicone
38 facial 39 silicone
39 silicone 40 submitted
39 silicone 41 to
39 silicone 44 .
41 to 43 aging
42 accelerated 43 aging

materials and methods : sixty specimens of silicone were fabricated and divided into six groups -- colorless ( g1 ) , colorless [with] opacifier ( g2 ) , ceramic ( g3 ) , ceramic with opacifier ( g4 ) , oil ( g5 ) , oil with opacifier ( g6 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 specimens
4 : 9 were
4 : 16 --
5 sixty 6 specimens
6 specimens 7 of
6 specimens 9 were
7 of 8 silicone
9 were 11 and
10 fabricated 11 and
11 and 12 divided
11 and 13 into
13 into 15 groups
14 six 15 groups
16 -- 24 opacifier
17 colorless 19 g1
17 colorless 21 ,
17 colorless 24 opacifier
18 ( 19 g1
19 g1 20 )
22 colorless 24 opacifier
24 opacifier 26 g2
24 opacifier 29 ceramic
24 opacifier 34 ceramic
25 ( 26 g2
26 g2 27 )
28 , 29 ceramic
29 ceramic 31 g3
29 ceramic 33 ,
30 ( 31 g3
31 g3 32 )
33 , 34 ceramic
34 ceramic 35 with
34 ceramic 43 g5
34 ceramic 46 oil
34 ceramic 51 )
35 with 41 oil
36 opacifier 38 g4
36 opacifier 40 ,
36 opacifier 41 oil
37 ( 38 g4
38 g4 39 )
42 ( 43 g5
43 g5 44 )
45 , 46 oil
46 oil 47 with
46 oil 50 g6
46 oil 51 )
47 with 48 opacifier
49 ( 50 g6
50 g6 51 )

all replicas were submitted to accelerated aging for 1008 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 replicas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 submitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 all 2 replicas
2 replicas 3 were
3 were 4 submitted
4 submitted 5 to
5 to 7 aging
6 accelerated 7 aging
7 aging 8 for
8 for 10 hours
9 1008 10 hours

the evaluations of chromatic alteration through visual analysis and reflection spectrophotometry were carried out initially and after 252 , 504 , and 1008 hours of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 evaluations
2 evaluations 3 of
2 evaluations 22 and
3 of 5 alteration
4 chromatic 5 alteration
5 alteration 16 and
6 through 9 and
6 through 16 and
7 visual 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 and
9 and 10 reflection
9 and 11 spectrophotometry
9 and 12 were
9 and 13 carried
11 spectrophotometry 12 were
13 carried 14 out
13 carried 15 initially
16 and 17 after
17 after 18 252
18 252 20 504
19 , 20 504
20 504 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 hours
22 and 25 of
23 1008 24 hours
25 of 26 aging

the results were submitted to anova and tukey 's test at 5 % level of significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 submitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 4 submitted
4 submitted 5 to
4 submitted 11 at
5 to 7 and
6 anova 7 and
7 and 10 test
8 tukey 9 's
9 's 10 test
11 at 14 level
12 5 13 %
13 % 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 16 significance

results : all groups exhibited chromatic alteration ( δe [>] 0 ) ; however , this color alteration was not perceptible through visual analysis of the color . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 groups
2 : 5 exhibited
2 : 13 ;
2 : 28 .
3 all 4 groups
4 groups 5 exhibited
5 exhibited 7 alteration
6 chromatic 7 alteration
7 alteration 9 δe
8 ( 9 δe
9 δe 11 0
9 δe 12 )
13 ; 18 alteration
13 ; 19 was
14 however 15 ,
14 however 18 alteration
16 this 18 alteration
17 color 18 alteration
18 alteration 19 was
19 was 20 not
19 was 21 perceptible
20 not 21 perceptible
21 perceptible 22 through
22 through 24 analysis
23 visual 24 analysis
24 analysis 25 of
25 of 27 color
26 the 27 color

the pigmented groups with opacifier presented the lowest δe values , with a statistical difference from the other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 presented
1 the 3 groups
2 pigmented 3 groups
3 groups 4 with
3 groups 6 presented
4 with 5 opacifier
6 presented 10 values
7 the 8 lowest
7 the 10 values
9 δe 10 values
10 values 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 15 difference
12 with 20 .
13 a 14 statistical
13 a 15 difference
14 statistical 15 difference
15 difference 16 from
16 from 19 groups
17 the 18 other
18 other 19 groups

for the groups without opacifier , the group pigmented with oil paint exhibited the lowest δe values in the different aging periods , with a statistical difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 exhibited
1 for 3 groups
1 for 6 ,
1 for 8 group
2 the 3 groups
3 groups 4 without
4 without 5 opacifier
7 the 8 group
8 group 9 pigmented
8 group 13 exhibited
9 pigmented 10 with
10 with 12 paint
11 oil 12 paint
13 exhibited 17 values
14 the 15 lowest
14 the 17 values
16 δe 17 values
17 values 18 in
17 values 24 with
18 in 22 periods
19 the 22 periods
20 different 22 periods
21 aging 22 periods
23 , 24 with
24 with 27 difference
24 with 28 .
25 a 27 difference
26 statistical 27 difference

accelerated aging generated significant chromatic alterations in all groups after 252 hours , except for the colorless and oil groups , both with opacifier ( g2 and g6 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 accelerated 2 aging
2 aging 3 generated
3 generated 6 alterations
3 generated 7 in
3 generated 10 after
3 generated 14 except
4 significant 6 alterations
5 chromatic 6 alterations
7 in 9 groups
8 all 9 groups
10 after 12 hours
11 252 12 hours
13 , 14 except
14 except 15 for
14 except 29 )
15 for 18 and
16 the 17 colorless
17 colorless 18 and
18 and 20 groups
18 and 22 both
19 oil 20 groups
21 , 22 both
22 both 23 with
22 both 29 )
23 with 24 opacifier
24 opacifier 28 g6
25 ( 28 g6
26 g2 27 and
27 and 28 g6
28 g6 29 )

conclusions : the opacifier protects facial silicones against color degradation , and oil paint is a stable pigment even without addition of opacifier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 opacifier
2 : 5 protects
2 : 12 and
3 the 4 opacifier
4 opacifier 5 protects
5 protects 7 silicones
5 protects 8 against
6 facial 7 silicones
8 against 10 degradation
9 color 10 degradation
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 paint
12 and 15 is
13 oil 14 paint
14 paint 15 is
15 is 18 pigment
16 a 17 stable
16 a 18 pigment
17 stable 18 pigment
18 pigment 19 even
18 pigment 22 of
19 even 20 without
20 without 21 addition
22 of 23 opacifier

background : during storage of red blood [cell] ( rbcs ) before transfusion , rbcs undergo a series of structural and functional changes that include the exposure of phosphatidylserine ( ps ) , a potent removal signal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 4 storage
4 storage 5 of
4 storage 12 before
5 of 7 blood
6 red 7 blood
7 blood 10 rbcs
9 ( 10 rbcs
10 rbcs 11 )
12 before 13 transfusion
14 , 15 rbcs
14 , 16 undergo
14 , 33 ,
15 rbcs 16 undergo
16 undergo 18 series
17 a 18 series
18 series 19 of
18 series 28 of
19 of 23 changes
20 structural 21 and
21 and 22 functional
21 and 23 changes
23 changes 24 that
23 changes 25 include
24 that 25 include
25 include 27 exposure
26 the 27 exposure
28 of 29 phosphatidylserine
29 phosphatidylserine 31 ps
30 ( 31 ps
31 ps 32 )
33 , 37 signal
34 a 37 signal
35 potent 36 removal
36 removal 37 signal

it was postulated that , during blood bank storage , the susceptibility to stress - induced ps exposure increases , thereby rendering a considerable fraction of the rbcs susceptible to rapid removal after transfusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 postulated
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 postulated
3 postulated 4 that
4 that 18 exposure
4 that 19 increases
5 , 6 during
6 during 9 storage
6 during 15 -
6 during 18 exposure
7 blood 8 bank
8 bank 9 storage
9 storage 12 susceptibility
10 , 12 susceptibility
11 the 12 susceptibility
12 susceptibility 13 to
12 susceptibility 15 -
13 to 14 stress
16 induced 18 exposure
17 ps 18 exposure
18 exposure 19 increases
19 increases 22 rendering
20 , 22 rendering
21 thereby 22 rendering
22 rendering 25 fraction
22 rendering 35 .
23 a 24 considerable
23 a 25 fraction
24 considerable 25 fraction
25 fraction 26 of
26 of 28 rbcs
27 the 28 rbcs
28 rbcs 29 susceptible
29 susceptible 30 to
29 susceptible 33 after
30 to 32 removal
31 rapid 32 removal
33 after 34 transfusion

study design and methods : rbcs were processed and stored following standard dutch blood bank procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 methods
4 methods 5 :
5 : 6 rbcs
6 rbcs 9 and
6 rbcs 11 following
7 were 8 processed
7 were 9 and
9 and 10 stored
11 following 16 procedures
12 standard 16 procedures
13 dutch 14 blood
14 blood 16 procedures
15 bank 16 procedures

samples were taken every week for up to 6 weeks and exposed to various stress conditions , such as hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 samples 11 and
2 were 3 taken
2 were 11 and
3 taken 5 week
3 taken 6 for
4 every 5 week
6 for 10 weeks
7 up 8 to
8 to 9 6
9 6 10 weeks
11 and 12 exposed
11 and 13 to
11 and 24 depletion
13 to 22 and
14 various 15 stress
15 stress 16 conditions
16 conditions 17 ,
17 , 21 shock
17 , 22 and
18 such 21 shock
19 as 20 hyperosmotic
20 hyperosmotic 21 shock
22 and 23 energy

the effect of these treatments on ps exposure was measured by flow cytometric analysis of annexin v binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 9 was
3 of 5 treatments
4 these 5 treatments
5 treatments 6 on
6 on 8 exposure
7 ps 8 exposure
9 was 10 measured
10 measured 11 by
11 by 14 analysis
12 flow 14 analysis
13 cytometric 14 analysis
14 analysis 15 of
15 of 16 annexin
16 annexin 17 v
16 annexin 18 binding

the same analyses were performed on rbcs that had been separated according to density using discontinuous percoll gradients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 same
1 the 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 performed
5 performed 6 on
5 performed 13 to
6 on 7 rbcs
7 rbcs 8 that
7 rbcs 9 had
8 that 9 had
9 had 10 been
10 been 11 separated
12 according 13 to
13 to 14 density
14 density 15 using
15 using 18 gradients
16 discontinuous 18 gradients
17 percoll 18 gradients

results : during storage under blood bank conditions , rbcs become [increasingly] susceptible to loss of phospholipid asymmetry induced by hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 during
2 : 5 under
3 during 4 storage
5 under 8 conditions
6 blood 8 conditions
7 bank 8 conditions
9 , 23 and
10 rbcs 11 become
10 rbcs 13 susceptible
10 rbcs 19 induced
10 rbcs 23 and
13 susceptible 14 to
14 to 15 loss
15 loss 16 of
16 of 18 asymmetry
17 phospholipid 18 asymmetry
19 induced 20 by
20 by 22 shock
21 hyperosmotic 22 shock
23 and 25 depletion
24 energy 25 depletion

especially the rbcs of higher densities , that have a smaller volume and an increased hba1c content [as] is typical of aged rbcs , become [increasingly] susceptible with storage time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 content
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 especially 17 content
2 the 17 content
3 rbcs 4 of
3 rbcs 13 and
4 of 6 densities
5 higher 6 densities
6 densities 8 that
6 densities 9 have
7 , 8 that
8 that 9 have
9 have 12 volume
10 a 12 volume
11 smaller 12 volume
13 and 16 hba1c
13 and 17 content
14 an 16 hba1c
15 increased 16 hba1c
17 content 24 ,
19 is 20 typical
19 is 24 ,
20 typical 21 of
21 of 23 rbcs
22 aged 23 rbcs
24 , 25 become
24 , 28 with
25 become 27 susceptible
28 with 30 time
29 storage 30 time

conclusions : during storage , rbcs develop an increased susceptibility to stress - induced loss of phospholipid asymmetry that is especially associated with an aging phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 4 storage
5 , 12 stress
6 rbcs 7 develop
7 develop 10 susceptibility
8 an 10 susceptibility
9 increased 10 susceptibility
10 susceptibility 11 to
10 susceptibility 12 stress
11 to 12 stress
12 stress 13 -
13 - 15 loss
13 - 22 associated
13 - 27 .
14 induced 15 loss
15 loss 16 of
15 loss 22 associated
16 of 18 asymmetry
17 phospholipid 18 asymmetry
19 that 20 is
20 is 22 associated
21 especially 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 26 phenotype
24 an 26 phenotype
25 aging 26 phenotype

this increased susceptibility may be responsible for the rapid disappearance of a considerable fraction of the rbcs during the first 24 hours after transfusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 susceptibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 3 susceptibility
2 increased 3 susceptibility
3 susceptibility 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 responsible
6 responsible 7 for
6 responsible 18 during
6 responsible 23 after
7 for 10 disappearance
8 the 10 disappearance
9 rapid 10 disappearance
10 disappearance 11 of
11 of 14 fraction
12 a 13 considerable
12 a 14 fraction
13 considerable 14 fraction
14 fraction 15 of
15 of 17 rbcs
16 the 17 rbcs
18 during 20 first
19 the 20 first
21 24 22 hours
22 hours 23 after
23 after 24 transfusion

holistic face processing was investigated in newborns , 3 [-] month - old infants , and adults through a modified version of the composite face paradigm and the recording of eye movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 holistic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 holistic 3 processing
1 holistic 4 was
1 holistic 5 investigated
2 face 3 processing
3 processing 4 was
5 investigated 6 in
6 in 7 newborns
7 newborns 11 month
8 , 11 month
9 3 11 month
11 month 12 -
12 - 27 and
13 old 14 infants
14 infants 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 adults
16 and 18 through
16 and 22 of
16 and 27 and
18 through 21 version
19 a 21 version
20 modified 21 version
22 of 26 paradigm
23 the 26 paradigm
24 composite 26 paradigm
25 face 26 paradigm
27 and 29 recording
28 the 29 recording
29 recording 30 of
30 of 32 movements
31 eye 32 movements

after familiarization to the top portion of a face , participants ( n = 70 ) were shown 2 aligned or misaligned faces , 1 of which comprised the familiar top part . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 after 2 familiarization
1 after 21 or
1 after 24 ,
1 after 25 1
2 familiarization 3 to
2 familiarization 7 of
2 familiarization 11 participants
2 familiarization 21 or
3 to 6 portion
4 the 6 portion
5 top 6 portion
7 of 9 face
8 a 9 face
10 , 11 participants
11 participants 14 =
11 participants 16 )
12 ( 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 70
17 were 18 shown
17 were 21 or
18 shown 19 2
19 2 20 aligned
21 or 22 misaligned
21 or 23 faces
25 1 26 of
25 1 32 part
26 of 27 which
26 of 28 comprised
27 which 28 comprised
28 comprised 31 top
29 the 31 top
30 familiar 31 top

in the aligned condition , no visual preference was found at any group age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 preference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 4 condition
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 preference
2 the 4 condition
3 aligned 4 condition
6 no 8 preference
7 visual 8 preference
8 preference 9 was
9 was 10 found
10 found 11 at
11 at 14 age
12 any 14 age
13 group 14 age

in the misaligned condition , 3 [-] month - olds preferred the face stimulus with the familiar top part , adults preferred the face stimulus with the novel one , and newborns did not manifest any visual preference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 olds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 preferred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 4 condition
1 in 9 -
1 in 10 olds
2 the 4 condition
3 misaligned 4 condition
4 condition 8 month
5 , 8 month
6 3 8 month
8 month 9 -
10 olds 11 preferred
11 preferred 14 stimulus
11 preferred 15 with
12 the 14 stimulus
13 face 14 stimulus
15 with 19 part
16 the 19 part
17 familiar 18 top
18 top 19 part
20 , 21 adults
20 , 31 and
21 adults 31 and
22 preferred 25 stimulus
22 preferred 31 and
23 the 25 stimulus
24 face 25 stimulus
25 stimulus 26 with
26 with 29 one
27 the 29 one
28 novel 29 one
30 , 31 and
31 and 35 manifest
32 newborns 33 did
33 did 34 not
33 did 35 manifest
35 manifest 38 preference
36 any 38 preference
37 visual 38 preference

results revealed that both infants ' [and] adults ' eye movements may be affected by holistic face information and demonstrated holistic face processing in 3 [-] month - olds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 results 19 and
2 revealed 3 that
2 revealed 19 and
3 that 4 both
3 that 14 affected
4 both 9 '
4 both 11 movements
4 both 12 may
5 infants 6 '
6 ' 8 adults
8 adults 9 '
9 ' 11 movements
10 eye 11 movements
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 affected
14 affected 15 by
15 by 18 information
16 holistic 18 information
17 face 18 information
19 and 20 demonstrated
20 demonstrated 23 processing
20 demonstrated 24 in
21 holistic 23 processing
22 face 23 processing
24 in 27 month
25 3 27 month
28 - 29 olds
28 - 30 .

kinematic measures of children 's reaching were found to reflect stable differences in skill level for planning for future actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 kinematic 2 measures
2 measures 3 of
2 measures 7 were
3 of 6 reaching
4 children 5 's
5 's 6 reaching
7 were 8 found
8 found 9 to
9 to 10 reflect
10 reflect 12 differences
10 reflect 13 in
11 stable 12 differences
13 in 15 level
14 skill 15 level
15 level 16 for
16 for 17 planning
17 planning 18 for
18 for 20 actions
19 future 20 actions

thirty - five toddlers ( 18 - 21 months ) were engaged in building block towers ( precise [task] [ )(and [in] placing blocks into an open container [(] imprecise task ) [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 block
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 4 toddlers
2 - 14 building
2 - 15 block
4 toddlers 9 months
4 toddlers 11 were
5 ( 9 months
6 18 7 -
7 - 8 21
7 - 9 months
9 months 10 )
11 were 12 engaged
12 engaged 13 in
13 in 14 building
15 block 16 towers
16 towers 24 blocks
17 ( 24 blocks
18 precise 21 )(and
21 )(and 23 placing
21 )(and 24 blocks
24 blocks 25 into
24 blocks 32 )
25 into 31 task
26 an 31 task
27 open 28 container
28 container 31 task
30 imprecise 31 task

sixteen children were retested on the same tasks a year later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 retested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 sixteen 2 children
2 children 3 were
3 were 4 retested
4 retested 5 on
5 on 8 tasks
6 the 7 same
7 same 8 tasks
8 tasks 11 later
9 a 10 year
10 year 11 later

longer deceleration as the hand approached the block [for] pickup was found in the tower task compared with the imprecise task , indicating planning for the second movement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deceleration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compared
1 longer 2 deceleration
2 deceleration 3 as
2 deceleration 10 pickup
2 deceleration 12 found
2 deceleration 17 compared
3 as 5 hand
4 the 5 hand
5 hand 6 approached
7 the 10 pickup
8 block 10 pickup
10 pickup 11 was
11 was 12 found
12 found 13 in
13 in 16 task
14 the 16 task
15 tower 16 task
17 compared 18 with
18 with 21 task
19 the 21 task
20 imprecise 21 task
21 task 23 indicating
22 , 23 indicating
23 indicating 24 planning
23 indicating 29 .
24 planning 25 for
25 for 28 movement
26 the 28 movement
27 second 28 movement

more skillful toddlers who could build high towers had a longer deceleration phase when placing blocks on the tower than toddlers who built low towers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 toddlers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 more 3 toddlers
2 skillful 3 toddlers
3 toddlers 4 who
3 toddlers 5 could
3 toddlers 9 had
4 who 5 could
5 could 6 build
6 build 8 towers
7 high 8 towers
9 had 13 phase
9 had 14 when
9 had 17 on
9 had 20 than
10 a 13 phase
11 longer 12 deceleration
12 deceleration 13 phase
14 when 15 placing
15 placing 16 blocks
17 on 19 tower
18 the 19 tower
20 than 21 toddlers
20 than 24 low
20 than 25 towers
21 toddlers 22 who
21 toddlers 23 built
21 toddlers 24 low
22 who 23 built

kinematic differences between the groups remained a year later when all children could build high towers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 kinematic 2 differences
2 differences 3 between
2 differences 6 remained
3 between 5 groups
4 the 5 groups
6 remained 8 year
7 a 8 year
8 year 9 later
8 year 10 when
10 when 12 children
10 when 14 build
11 all 12 children
12 children 13 could
13 could 14 build
14 build 16 towers
15 high 16 towers

how does understanding the decimal system change with age and experience ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ?
1 how 2 does
2 does 3 understanding
2 does 7 change
3 understanding 6 system
4 the 6 system
5 decimal 6 system
7 change 8 with
8 with 10 and
9 age 10 and
10 and 11 experience

second , third , sixth graders , and adults ( experiment 1 : n = 96 , mean ages [=] 7.9 , 9.23 , 12.06 , and 19.96 years , respectively ) made number line estimates across 3 scales ( 0 - 1,000 , 0 - 10,000 , and 0 - 100,000 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 second 8 and
2 , 3 third
3 third 4 ,
3 third 8 and
5 sixth 6 graders
6 graders 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 adults
8 and 11 experiment
8 and 18 mean
10 ( 11 experiment
11 experiment 12 1
11 experiment 13 :
11 experiment 17 ,
12 1 13 :
13 : 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 96
18 mean 19 ages
19 ages 21 7.9
19 ages 23 9.23
19 ages 25 12.06
22 , 23 9.23
23 9.23 24 ,
24 , 25 12.06
25 12.06 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 years
27 and 33 made
28 19.96 29 years
29 years 33 made
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 )
31 respectively 33 made
33 made 36 estimates
33 made 45 0
33 made 49 and
34 number 36 estimates
35 line 36 estimates
36 estimates 37 across
37 across 39 scales
38 3 39 scales
39 scales 42 -
40 ( 42 -
41 0 42 -
42 - 43 1,000
42 - 44 ,
45 0 47 10,000
46 - 47 10,000
47 10,000 48 ,
49 and 50 0
50 0 52 100,000
51 - 52 100,000
52 100,000 53 )

generation of linear estimates increased with age but decreased [with] numerical [scale] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 generation 2 of
1 generation 8 but
2 of 4 estimates
3 linear 4 estimates
5 increased 6 with
5 increased 8 but
6 with 7 age
8 but 9 decreased
9 decreased 11 numerical

therefore , the authors hypothesized highlighting commonalities between small and large scales ( 15:100::1500:10000 ) might prompt children to generalize their linear representations to ever - larger scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 highlighting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 prompt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 therefore 6 highlighting
2 , 5 hypothesized
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 hypothesized
5 hypothesized 6 highlighting
6 highlighting 7 commonalities
6 highlighting 8 between
6 highlighting 16 might
8 between 12 scales
9 small 10 and
10 and 11 large
10 and 12 scales
12 scales 14 15:100::1500:10000
13 ( 14 15:100::1500:10000
14 15:100::1500:10000 15 )
16 might 17 prompt
17 prompt 18 children
17 prompt 25 ever
18 children 19 to
18 children 24 to
19 to 20 generalize
20 generalize 23 representations
20 generalize 24 to
21 their 23 representations
22 linear 23 representations
26 - 28 scales
26 - 29 .
27 larger 28 scales

experiment 2 assigned second graders ( n = 46 , mean age = 7.78 years [ )(to experimental groups differing in [how] commonalities of small and large numerical scales were highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assigned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 experiment 2 2
1 experiment 3 assigned
3 assigned 4 second
3 assigned 5 graders
5 graders 8 =
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 46
10 , 12 age
10 , 13 =
11 mean 12 age
12 age 13 =
13 = 15 years
14 7.78 15 years
15 years 20 differing
15 years 30 were
17 )(to 19 groups
17 )(to 20 differing
18 experimental 19 groups
20 differing 21 in
20 differing 30 were
21 in 23 commonalities
23 commonalities 24 of
24 of 26 and
25 small 26 and
26 and 29 scales
27 large 29 scales
28 numerical 29 scales
30 were 31 highlighted

only children experiencing progressive alignment of small and large scales successfully produced linear estimates on increasingly larger scales , suggesting analogies between numeric scales elicit broad generalization of linear representations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 produced
1 only 2 children
2 children 3 experiencing
2 children 6 of
2 children 12 produced
3 experiencing 5 alignment
4 progressive 5 alignment
6 of 10 scales
7 small 8 and
8 and 9 large
8 and 10 scales
11 successfully 12 produced
12 produced 14 estimates
12 produced 20 suggesting
13 linear 14 estimates
14 estimates 15 on
15 on 18 scales
16 increasingly 17 larger
17 larger 18 scales
19 , 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 21 analogies
20 suggesting 25 elicit
20 suggesting 31 .
21 analogies 22 between
21 analogies 25 elicit
22 between 24 scales
23 numeric 24 scales
25 elicit 27 generalization
26 broad 27 generalization
27 generalization 28 of
28 of 30 representations
29 linear 30 representations

[this] study [relies] on eye tracking technology to investigate how humans perceive others ['] feeding actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 study 4 on
2 study 8 to
2 study 10 how
4 on 7 technology
5 eye 7 technology
6 tracking 7 technology
8 to 9 investigate
10 how 11 humans
10 how 12 perceive
11 humans 12 perceive
12 perceive 13 others
13 others 15 feeding
15 feeding 16 actions

results demonstrate that 6 - [month] - olds ( n = 54 ) anticipate that food is brought to the mouth when observing an adult feeding herself with a spoon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 that
2 demonstrate 5 -
4 6 5 -
5 - 7 -
7 - 8 olds
8 olds 11 =
8 olds 14 anticipate
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 54
11 = 13 )
14 anticipate 15 that
15 that 16 food
15 that 18 brought
16 food 17 is
17 is 18 brought
18 brought 19 to
18 brought 22 when
19 to 21 mouth
20 the 21 mouth
22 when 23 observing
23 observing 25 adult
24 an 25 adult
25 adult 26 feeding
26 feeding 27 herself
26 feeding 28 with
28 with 30 spoon
29 a 30 spoon

still , they fail to anticipate [self] - propelled [(] [sp] ) spoons that move toward the mouth and manual combing actions directed toward the head . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 still 2 ,
1 still 3 they
3 they 4 fail
4 fail 5 to
4 fail 16 toward
5 to 6 anticipate
6 anticipate 9 propelled
6 anticipate 13 spoons
8 - 9 propelled
9 propelled 12 )
13 spoons 14 that
13 spoons 15 move
14 that 15 move
16 toward 19 and
17 the 18 mouth
18 mouth 19 and
19 and 20 manual
19 and 21 combing
19 and 23 directed
21 combing 22 actions
21 combing 23 directed
23 directed 24 toward
24 toward 26 head
25 the 26 head

ten - month [-] olds ( n = 54 ) [and] [adults] ( n = 32 ) anticipate sp spoons ; however , only adults anticipate combing actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ten
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 anticipate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 ten 5 olds
1 ten 15 =
1 ten 18 anticipate
2 - 5 olds
3 month 5 olds
5 olds 8 =
5 olds 10 )
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 54
13 ( 15 =
14 n 15 =
15 = 16 32
15 = 17 )
18 anticipate 20 spoons
19 sp 20 spoons
21 ; 24 only
21 ; 26 anticipate
22 however 23 ,
22 however 24 only
24 only 25 adults
25 adults 26 anticipate
26 anticipate 27 combing
27 combing 28 actions

these results suggest that goal anticipation during observation of feeding actions develops earlier and is less dependent on directly perceived actions than goal anticipation during observation of other manual actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 anticipation
4 that 14 and
5 goal 6 anticipation
6 anticipation 7 during
6 anticipation 9 of
6 anticipation 14 and
7 during 8 observation
9 of 10 feeding
10 feeding 11 actions
12 develops 13 earlier
12 develops 14 and
14 and 15 is
14 and 22 than
15 is 17 dependent
16 less 17 dependent
17 dependent 18 on
18 on 21 actions
19 directly 20 perceived
20 perceived 21 actions
22 than 24 anticipation
22 than 27 of
23 goal 24 anticipation
24 anticipation 25 during
25 during 26 observation
27 of 30 actions
28 other 30 actions
29 manual 30 actions

these results are discussed in relation to experience and a possible phylogenetic influence on perception and understanding of feeding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 discussed
4 discussed 7 to
5 in 6 relation
6 relation 7 to
7 to 16 and
8 experience 9 and
9 and 13 influence
9 and 16 and
10 a 11 possible
10 a 13 influence
11 possible 13 influence
12 phylogenetic 13 influence
13 influence 14 on
14 on 15 perception
16 and 17 understanding
16 and 18 of
18 of 19 feeding

the study examined the relationship of blood pressure ( bp ) with anthropometric indices , including body mass index [(] bmi ) , waist - to [-] hip [ratio] ( whr ) , conicity index [(] ci [ )(, waist circumference [(] wc ) , and hip circumference ( hc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 relationship
3 examined 12 with
4 the 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 of
6 of 8 pressure
7 blood 8 pressure
8 pressure 10 bp
9 ( 10 bp
10 bp 11 )
12 with 14 indices
13 anthropometric 14 indices
14 indices 16 including
15 , 16 including
16 including 21 bmi
16 including 22 )
17 body 18 mass
18 mass 21 bmi
19 index 21 bmi
23 , 24 waist
23 , 25 -
25 - 35 index
26 to 34 conicity
26 to 35 index
28 hip 31 whr
28 hip 33 ,
28 hip 34 conicity
30 ( 31 whr
31 whr 32 )
35 index 46 and
37 ci 43 wc
37 ci 46 and
39 )(, 43 wc
40 waist 43 wc
41 circumference 43 wc
43 wc 44 )
45 , 46 and
46 and 48 circumference
46 and 50 hc
47 hip 48 circumference
49 ( 50 hc
50 hc 51 )

the sample consisted of 731 females and 911 males aged 20 - 60 years randomly recruited from shanxi province of pr china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 6 females
5 731 6 females
7 and 9 males
7 and 10 aged
8 911 9 males
9 males 10 aged
10 aged 12 -
10 aged 17 from
11 20 12 -
12 - 13 60
13 60 14 years
14 years 16 recruited
15 randomly 16 recruited
17 from 22 china
18 shanxi 19 province
19 province 20 of
19 province 22 china
20 of 21 pr

there was an increasing trend of systolic blood pressure ( sbp ) , diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) , and the five anthropometric indices [in] successively older age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 trend
3 an 5 trend
4 increasing 5 trend
5 trend 6 of
6 of 9 pressure
7 systolic 8 blood
8 blood 9 pressure
9 pressure 11 sbp
9 pressure 16 pressure
10 ( 11 sbp
11 sbp 12 )
13 , 16 pressure
14 diastolic 15 blood
15 blood 16 pressure
16 pressure 18 dbp
16 pressure 20 ,
17 ( 18 dbp
18 dbp 19 )
21 and 25 indices
21 and 29 age
22 the 23 five
23 five 25 indices
24 anthropometric 25 indices
25 indices 28 older
25 indices 29 age
27 successively 28 older
29 age 30 groups

except for female hc , all the other anthropometric indices were significantly correlated with bps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 except 2 for
1 except 5 ,
1 except 6 all
2 for 4 hc
3 female 4 hc
6 all 7 the
6 all 10 indices
6 all 11 were
7 the 8 other
8 other 10 indices
9 anthropometric 10 indices
11 were 12 significantly
11 were 13 correlated
13 correlated 14 with
14 with 15 bps

among them , wc and hc exhibited the highest correlations in female [(] 0.38 - 0.42 ) and in male [(] 0.36 - 0.37 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exhibited
1 among 2 them
1 among 3 ,
1 among 6 hc
4 wc 5 and
5 and 6 hc
6 hc 7 exhibited
7 exhibited 10 correlations
7 exhibited 27 respectively
8 the 9 highest
8 the 10 correlations
10 correlations 18 and
11 in 12 female
11 in 18 and
12 female 14 0.38
12 female 16 0.42
15 - 16 0.42
16 0.42 17 )
18 and 19 in
19 in 20 male
20 male 22 0.36
20 male 24 0.37
23 - 24 0.37
24 0.37 25 )
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 .

the result indicates that hc is not protective for metabolic risk factors in males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 result
2 result 3 indicates
3 indicates 4 that
4 that 5 hc
4 that 6 is
5 hc 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 8 protective
7 not 8 protective
8 protective 9 for
8 protective 13 in
9 for 12 factors
10 metabolic 12 factors
11 risk 12 factors
13 in 14 males

principal component analysis ( pca ) was performed on all the five anthropometric indices and four major principal components ( pcs ) were obtained to explain greater variances [(] r ( 2 ) = 0.173 - 0.212 [ )(in bps than did anyone of five anthropometric indices [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.0001 - 0.176 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 performed
1 principal 3 analysis
2 component 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 pca
3 analysis 7 was
4 ( 5 pca
5 pca 6 )
7 was 8 performed
8 performed 9 on
9 on 18 principal
10 all 18 principal
11 the 12 five
12 five 14 indices
13 anthropometric 14 indices
14 indices 15 and
15 and 17 major
15 and 18 principal
16 four 17 major
18 principal 19 components
18 principal 26 explain
19 components 21 pcs
19 components 23 were
20 ( 21 pcs
21 pcs 22 )
23 were 24 obtained
24 obtained 25 to
25 to 26 explain
26 explain 28 variances
26 explain 36 -
27 greater 28 variances
28 variances 30 r
28 variances 32 2
31 ( 32 2
32 2 33 )
34 = 35 0.173
35 0.173 36 -
36 - 37 0.212
37 0.212 39 )(in
39 )(in 40 bps
40 bps 42 did
41 than 42 did
42 did 43 anyone
43 anyone 44 of
44 of 47 indices
45 five 47 indices
46 anthropometric 47 indices
47 indices 53 )(=
49 r 53 )(=
50 ( 53 )(=
51 2 53 )(=
53 )(= 55 -
53 )(= 58 )(
54 0.0001 55 -
55 - 56 0.176

the same analyses were conducted on any two , three [,] and four indices of the five anthropometric ones , in order to get the smaller [and] optimal sets of indices to estimate bps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 on
5 conducted 21 in
5 conducted 32 to
6 on 8 two
7 any 8 two
8 two 14 indices
9 , 14 indices
10 three 12 and
12 and 13 four
12 and 14 indices
14 indices 15 of
14 indices 20 ,
15 of 19 ones
16 the 19 ones
17 five 19 ones
18 anthropometric 19 ones
21 in 22 order
22 order 23 to
22 order 24 get
23 to 24 get
24 get 29 sets
25 the 29 sets
26 smaller 29 sets
28 optimal 29 sets
29 sets 30 of
30 of 31 indices
32 to 33 estimate
33 estimate 34 bps

our results suggest that bmi , wc , and hc are the smallest set of anthropometric indices to optimally estimate bp for the males , and wc and bmi for the females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 10 hc
4 that 11 are
5 bmi 7 wc
6 , 7 wc
7 wc 8 ,
7 wc 9 and
9 and 10 hc
11 are 13 smallest
11 are 14 set
12 the 13 smallest
14 set 15 of
14 set 18 to
14 set 22 for
15 of 17 indices
16 anthropometric 17 indices
18 to 20 estimate
19 optimally 20 estimate
20 estimate 21 bp
22 for 26 and
23 the 24 males
24 males 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 bmi
27 wc 28 and
28 and 29 bmi
29 bmi 30 for
30 for 32 females
31 the 32 females

older adults show disproportionate declines in explicit memory for associative relative [to] item information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 show
3 show 5 declines
3 show 6 in
4 disproportionate 5 declines
6 in 8 memory
7 explicit 8 memory
8 memory 9 for
9 for 14 information
10 associative 11 relative
11 relative 14 information
13 item 14 information

however , the source of these declines is still uncertain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 source
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 source
3 the 4 source
4 source 5 of
4 source 8 is
5 of 7 declines
6 these 7 declines
8 is 9 still
8 is 10 uncertain
9 still 10 uncertain

one explanation is [a] generalized impairment in the processing of associative information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explanation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 one 2 explanation
2 explanation 3 is
3 is 6 impairment
5 generalized 6 impairment
6 impairment 7 in
7 in 9 processing
8 the 9 processing
9 processing 10 of
10 of 12 information
11 associative 12 information

a second explanation is [a] more specialized impairment in the strategic , effortful recollection of associative information , leaving less effortful forms of associative retrieval preserved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 second
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 specialized
1 a 2 second
2 second 3 explanation
2 second 4 is
2 second 7 specialized
3 explanation 4 is
4 is 6 more
7 specialized 8 impairment
7 specialized 9 in
7 specialized 19 leaving
9 in 14 recollection
10 the 14 recollection
11 strategic 12 ,
11 strategic 14 recollection
13 effortful 14 recollection
14 recollection 15 of
15 of 17 information
16 associative 17 information
18 , 19 leaving
19 leaving 22 forms
19 leaving 27 .
20 less 21 effortful
21 effortful 22 forms
22 forms 23 of
23 of 25 retrieval
24 associative 25 retrieval
25 retrieval 26 preserved

assessing implicit memory of new associations is a way to distinguish between these viewpoints . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assessing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 assessing 3 memory
1 assessing 7 is
2 implicit 3 memory
3 memory 4 of
4 of 6 associations
5 new 6 associations
7 is 9 way
8 a 9 way
9 way 10 to
9 way 11 distinguish
10 to 11 distinguish
11 distinguish 12 between
12 between 14 viewpoints
13 these 14 viewpoints

to date , mixed findings have emerged from studies of associative priming in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 findings
3 , 7 emerged
4 mixed 5 findings
5 findings 6 have
6 have 7 emerged
7 emerged 8 from
7 emerged 13 in
8 from 9 studies
9 studies 10 of
10 of 12 priming
11 associative 12 priming
13 in 14 aging

one factor that may account for the variability is whether the manipulations inadvertently involve strategic , explicit processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 one 2 factor
2 factor 3 that
2 factor 4 may
2 factor 9 is
3 that 4 may
4 may 5 account
5 account 6 for
6 for 8 variability
7 the 8 variability
9 is 10 whether
10 whether 12 manipulations
10 whether 14 involve
11 the 12 manipulations
12 manipulations 14 involve
13 inadvertently 14 involve
14 involve 18 processes
15 strategic 16 ,
15 strategic 18 processes
17 explicit 18 processes

in two experiments we present a novel paradigm of conceptual associative priming in which subjects make speeded associative judgments about unrelated objects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 experiments
1 in 4 we
2 two 3 experiments
4 we 5 present
5 present 8 paradigm
5 present 20 about
6 a 8 paradigm
7 novel 8 paradigm
8 paradigm 9 of
9 of 12 priming
10 conceptual 12 priming
11 associative 12 priming
12 priming 13 in
13 in 14 which
13 in 15 subjects
13 in 16 make
15 subjects 16 make
16 make 19 judgments
17 speeded 19 judgments
18 associative 19 judgments
20 about 22 objects
21 unrelated 22 objects

using a size classification task , experiment 1 showed equivalent associative priming between young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 using 5 task
1 using 6 ,
1 using 7 experiment
2 a 3 size
2 a 5 task
3 size 4 classification
4 classification 5 task
7 experiment 8 1
7 experiment 9 showed
9 showed 12 priming
9 showed 13 between
10 equivalent 12 priming
11 associative 12 priming
13 between 17 adults
14 young 15 and
15 and 16 older
15 and 17 adults

experiment 2 generalized the results of experiment 1 to an inside/outside classification task , while replicating the typical age - related impairment [in] associative but not item recognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 generalized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 experiment 2 2
1 experiment 3 generalized
3 generalized 5 results
3 generalized 15 while
4 the 5 results
5 results 6 of
5 results 9 to
6 of 7 experiment
7 experiment 8 1
9 to 13 task
10 an 13 task
11 inside/outside 12 classification
12 classification 13 task
14 , 15 while
15 while 16 replicating
15 while 20 -
16 replicating 19 age
17 the 19 age
18 typical 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 impairment
21 related 29 .
22 impairment 24 associative
24 associative 25 but
25 but 26 not
25 but 28 recognition
27 item 28 recognition

taken together , the findings support the viewpoint that older adults can incidentally encode and retrieve new meaningful associations despite difficulty with the intentional recollection of the same information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 findings
4 the 5 findings
5 findings 15 and
6 support 8 viewpoint
6 support 15 and
7 the 8 viewpoint
8 viewpoint 9 that
8 viewpoint 14 encode
9 that 11 adults
9 that 14 encode
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 can
12 can 14 encode
13 incidentally 14 encode
15 and 16 retrieve
16 retrieve 19 associations
16 retrieve 20 despite
16 retrieve 22 with
17 new 19 associations
18 meaningful 19 associations
20 despite 21 difficulty
22 with 25 recollection
23 the 25 recollection
24 intentional 25 recollection
25 recollection 26 of
26 of 29 information
27 the 28 same
28 same 29 information

the purpose of this study was to measure the ability of telemonitoring to reduce hospital days and total costs for medicare managed care enrollees diagnosed with heart failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 measure
7 to 8 measure
8 measure 10 ability
8 measure 13 to
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 of
11 of 12 telemonitoring
13 to 17 and
14 reduce 16 days
14 reduce 17 and
15 hospital 16 days
17 and 18 total
17 and 20 for
17 and 24 enrollees
18 total 19 costs
20 for 21 medicare
21 medicare 22 managed
23 care 24 enrollees
24 enrollees 25 diagnosed
24 enrollees 26 with
26 with 28 failure
27 heart 28 failure

patients were recruited and randomly assigned for six months to either telemonitoring or standard care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 patients 4 and
2 were 3 recruited
2 were 4 and
4 and 6 assigned
4 and 7 for
4 and 10 to
5 randomly 6 assigned
7 for 9 months
8 six 9 months
10 to 13 or
11 either 13 or
12 telemonitoring 13 or
13 or 15 care
14 standard 15 care

telemonitoring transmitted vital signs and clinical alerts daily to a central nursing station . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telemonitoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transmitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 telemonitoring 2 transmitted
2 transmitted 5 and
3 vital 4 signs
4 signs 5 and
5 and 7 alerts
5 and 8 daily
6 clinical 7 alerts
8 daily 9 to
9 to 13 station
10 a 11 central
10 a 13 station
11 central 12 nursing
12 nursing 13 station

utilization of covered services was analyzed for the six - month telemonitoring period to test for hypothesized reductions in hospital days and changes in utilization of the emergency department ( ed ) , urgent care , and primary care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 utilization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 utilization 2 of
1 utilization 5 was
2 of 4 services
3 covered 4 services
5 was 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 7 for
7 for 9 six
8 the 9 six
9 six 13 period
10 - 13 period
11 month 13 period
12 telemonitoring 13 period
13 period 14 to
13 period 15 test
13 period 33 ,
14 to 15 test
15 test 16 for
16 for 22 and
17 hypothesized 18 reductions
17 hypothesized 19 in
17 hypothesized 22 and
19 in 21 days
20 hospital 21 days
22 and 23 changes
22 and 24 in
22 and 25 utilization
25 utilization 26 of
25 utilization 31 ed
26 of 29 department
27 the 29 department
28 emergency 29 department
30 ( 31 ed
31 ed 32 )
33 , 37 and
33 , 39 care
34 urgent 35 care
35 care 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 primary
37 and 39 care

negative binomial regressions adjusted for gender , age , co - occurring diabetes , co - occurring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , and residence neighborhood were used to analyze units of service , and two [-] part [(] hurdle ) multivariable models were used for expenditures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regressions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adjusted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 negative 3 regressions
2 binomial 3 regressions
3 regressions 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 5 for
5 for 6 gender
6 gender 8 age
7 , 8 age
8 age 10 co
8 age 11 -
9 , 10 co
10 co 11 -
11 - 13 diabetes
11 - 16 -
12 occurring 13 diabetes
13 diabetes 15 co
14 , 15 co
15 co 16 -
16 - 17 occurring
16 - 29 analyze
16 - 47 .
17 occurring 26 were
17 occurring 28 to
18 chronic 21 disease
19 obstructive 21 disease
20 pulmonary 21 disease
21 disease 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 neighborhood
23 and 26 were
24 residence 25 neighborhood
26 were 27 used
28 to 29 analyze
29 analyze 30 units
29 analyze 45 for
30 units 31 of
30 units 42 models
30 units 43 were
30 units 44 used
31 of 34 and
32 service 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 39 hurdle
34 and 40 )
35 two 37 part
37 part 39 hurdle
41 multivariable 42 models
42 models 43 were
45 for 46 expenditures

the main finding was a tendency for lower total number [of] hospital days for patients assigned to telemonitoring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 finding
3 finding 4 was
4 was 6 tendency
5 a 6 tendency
6 tendency 7 for
7 for 13 days
8 lower 9 total
9 total 13 days
10 number 13 days
12 hospital 13 days
13 days 14 for
13 days 16 assigned
14 for 15 patients
16 assigned 17 to
17 to 18 telemonitoring

results for other covered services were generally consistent with hypothesized direction and magnitude ; however , statistical power was reduced because of lower - than [-] expected recruitment rates into the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 for
1 results 6 were
2 for 5 services
3 other 5 services
4 covered 5 services
6 were 7 generally
6 were 8 consistent
8 consistent 9 with
9 with 12 and
10 hypothesized 11 direction
11 direction 12 and
12 and 13 magnitude
14 ; 18 power
14 ; 20 reduced
15 however 16 ,
15 however 18 power
17 statistical 18 power
18 power 19 was
19 was 20 reduced
20 reduced 21 because
21 because 22 of
22 of 29 rates
23 lower 24 -
23 lower 28 recruitment
25 than 27 expected
27 expected 28 recruitment
28 recruitment 29 rates
29 rates 30 into
30 into 32 study
31 the 32 study

within a managed [-] care environment , telemonitoring appears to facilitate better ambulatory management of heart failure patients , including fewer ed visits , which were offset by more frequent primary care and urgent care visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 telemonitoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 within 6 environment
1 within 7 ,
1 within 8 telemonitoring
2 a 6 environment
3 managed 5 care
5 care 6 environment
8 telemonitoring 9 appears
9 appears 10 to
9 appears 20 including
10 to 11 facilitate
11 facilitate 14 management
12 better 14 management
13 ambulatory 14 management
14 management 15 of
15 of 18 patients
16 heart 18 patients
17 failure 18 patients
19 , 20 including
20 including 23 visits
20 including 24 ,
21 fewer 23 visits
22 ed 23 visits
24 , 25 which
24 , 27 offset
25 which 26 were
26 were 27 offset
27 offset 28 by
28 by 33 and
29 more 30 frequent
30 frequent 31 primary
31 primary 32 care
32 care 33 and
33 and 36 visits
34 urgent 35 care
35 care 36 visits

purpose : to evaluate uterine senescence by comparing pregnancy rates in older recipients vs their younger donors who were actually trying to conceive themselves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 senescence
4 evaluate 7 by
5 uterine 6 senescence
7 by 8 comparing
8 comparing 10 rates
9 pregnancy 10 rates
10 rates 11 in
10 rates 14 vs
10 rates 18 who
10 rates 19 were
11 in 13 recipients
12 older 13 recipients
14 vs 17 donors
15 their 17 donors
16 younger 17 donors
18 who 19 were
19 were 20 actually
19 were 21 trying
21 trying 22 to
21 trying 23 conceive
22 to 23 conceive
23 conceive 24 themselves

methods : a retrospective analysis comparing clinical and [delivered] pregnancy rates in all infertile donors < or [=] age 35 sharing their eggs with a recipient age > [or] = 40 over a 6 [-] year time span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 analysis
3 a 4 retrospective
3 a 5 analysis
4 retrospective 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 comparing
5 analysis 16 <
6 comparing 8 and
6 comparing 16 <
7 clinical 8 and
8 and 11 rates
8 and 12 in
10 pregnancy 11 rates
12 in 15 donors
13 all 15 donors
14 infertile 15 donors
17 or 19 age
17 or 30 =
19 age 20 35
19 age 21 sharing
19 age 30 =
21 sharing 23 eggs
21 sharing 24 with
22 their 23 eggs
24 with 26 recipient
25 a 26 recipient
26 recipient 27 age
26 recipient 28 >
27 age 28 >
30 = 31 40
30 = 32 over
32 over 38 span
33 a 38 span
34 6 36 year
36 year 38 span
37 time 38 span

these parameters were also evaluated in the first frozen embryo transfer from these couples ( if they had one ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 were
3 were 4 also
3 were 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 in
5 evaluated 16 if
6 in 11 transfer
7 the 11 transfer
8 first 9 frozen
9 frozen 10 embryo
10 embryo 11 transfer
11 transfer 12 from
12 from 14 couples
13 these 14 couples
15 ( 16 if
16 if 17 they
16 if 18 had
16 if 20 )
17 they 18 had
18 had 19 one

results : the clinical and [delivered] pregnancy rates were similar in younger donors vs older recipients following fresh embryo transfer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 and
2 : 9 were
2 : 21 .
3 the 4 clinical
4 clinical 5 and
5 and 8 rates
5 and 9 were
7 pregnancy 8 rates
9 were 10 similar
10 similar 11 in
11 in 13 donors
12 younger 13 donors
13 donors 14 vs
14 vs 16 recipients
15 older 16 recipients
16 recipients 17 following
17 following 20 transfer
18 fresh 19 embryo
19 embryo 20 transfer

there was a [non] [-] significant trend for lower implantation rates in the younger donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 7 trend
3 a 7 trend
6 significant 7 trend
7 trend 8 for
8 for 11 rates
9 lower 10 implantation
10 implantation 11 rates
11 rates 12 in
12 in 15 donors
13 the 15 donors
14 younger 15 donors

no differences were found when comparing frozen embryo transfers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 when
5 when 6 comparing
6 comparing 9 transfers
7 frozen 8 embryo
8 embryo 9 transfers

conclusions : these data support conclusions that the uterus of women > or = 40 does not inhibit embryo implantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 13 or
2 : 21 .
3 these 4 data
4 data 13 or
5 support 6 conclusions
5 support 13 or
6 conclusions 7 that
6 conclusions 12 >
7 that 9 uterus
7 that 12 >
8 the 9 uterus
9 uterus 10 of
9 uterus 12 >
10 of 11 women
13 or 18 inhibit
14 = 15 40
15 40 16 does
16 does 17 not
16 does 18 inhibit
18 inhibit 20 implantation
19 embryo 20 implantation

varicella - zoster virus ( vzv ) causes two clinically distinct diseases : varicella and herpes zoster . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 varicella
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 varicella 4 virus
1 varicella 8 causes
2 - 4 virus
3 zoster 4 virus
4 virus 6 vzv
4 virus 7 )
5 ( 6 vzv
6 vzv 7 )
8 causes 12 diseases
9 two 12 diseases
10 clinically 11 distinct
11 distinct 12 diseases
13 : 15 and
13 : 17 zoster
14 varicella 15 and
15 and 16 herpes
15 and 17 zoster

herpes zoster , recurrent infection of vzv occurs when the cell [-] mediated immunity to vzv declines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 herpes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 zoster
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 herpes 2 zoster
3 , 5 infection
3 , 8 occurs
4 recurrent 5 infection
5 infection 6 of
5 infection 8 occurs
6 of 7 vzv
8 occurs 9 when
9 when 14 immunity
9 when 17 declines
10 the 14 immunity
11 cell 13 mediated
13 mediated 14 immunity
14 immunity 15 to
14 immunity 17 declines
15 to 16 vzv

since the cell - medicated immunity to vzv declines with aging , herpes zoster occurs more frequently in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 zoster
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 since 3 cell
1 since 13 herpes
1 since 14 zoster
2 the 3 cell
3 cell 6 immunity
3 cell 13 herpes
4 - 6 immunity
5 medicated 6 immunity
6 immunity 7 to
6 immunity 12 ,
7 to 9 declines
8 vzv 9 declines
9 declines 10 with
10 with 11 aging
14 zoster 15 occurs
15 occurs 17 frequently
15 occurs 18 in
16 more 17 frequently
18 in 20 elderly
19 the 20 elderly

most frequent and dreaded complication of herpes zoster is postherpetic neuralgia ( phn ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 zoster
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 most 8 zoster
2 frequent 3 and
3 and 5 complication
3 and 6 of
3 and 8 zoster
4 dreaded 5 complication
6 of 7 herpes
8 zoster 9 is
9 is 11 neuralgia
10 postherpetic 11 neuralgia
11 neuralgia 13 phn
12 ( 13 phn
13 phn 14 )

the first line of treatment of phn is medication with tricyclic antidipressants and anticonvulsants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 line
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 first
1 the 3 line
3 line 4 of
3 line 8 is
4 of 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 of
6 of 7 phn
8 is 9 medication
9 medication 10 with
10 with 13 and
11 tricyclic 12 antidipressants
12 antidipressants 13 and
13 and 14 anticonvulsants

double - blind studies showed that effective tricyclic antidepressants for the treatment of phn are amitriptyline and nortriptyline , and effective anticonvulsants gabapentin and pregabalin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 double 2 -
1 double 4 studies
3 blind 4 studies
4 studies 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 9 antidepressants
6 that 15 are
7 effective 9 antidepressants
8 tricyclic 9 antidepressants
9 antidepressants 10 for
9 antidepressants 13 of
9 antidepressants 15 are
10 for 12 treatment
11 the 12 treatment
13 of 14 phn
15 are 24 and
16 amitriptyline 17 and
17 and 23 gabapentin
17 and 24 and
18 nortriptyline 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 anticonvulsants
20 and 23 gabapentin
21 effective 22 anticonvulsants
24 and 25 pregabalin

[when] tricyclic antidepressant [and/or] anticonvulsant [cannot] [relieve] phn , opioids should be considered in some selected patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 phn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 tricyclic 8 phn
3 antidepressant 8 phn
5 anticonvulsant 8 phn
9 , 10 opioids
9 , 13 considered
10 opioids 11 should
11 should 12 be
12 be 13 considered
13 considered 14 in
14 in 17 patients
15 some 17 patients
16 selected 17 patients

although neuroablative procedures have been performed for the treatment of phn , their effectiveness was not confirmed by double - blind studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 effectiveness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 procedures
1 although 6 performed
1 although 12 ,
1 although 14 effectiveness
2 neuroablative 3 procedures
3 procedures 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 performed
6 performed 7 for
7 for 9 treatment
8 the 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 of
10 of 11 phn
13 their 14 effectiveness
14 effectiveness 15 was
15 was 16 not
15 was 18 by
16 not 17 confirmed
18 by 22 studies
19 double 20 -
19 double 22 studies
21 blind 22 studies

they [rather] aggravate phn with time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aggravate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 they 3 aggravate
3 aggravate 4 phn
3 aggravate 5 with
5 with 6 time

recent research with a live attenuated varicella vaccine to prevent herpes zoster indicated that the vaccine decreased the occurrence of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia by almost half as compared [with] placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 recent 2 research
2 research 3 with
2 research 9 to
2 research 10 prevent
2 research 13 indicated
3 with 8 vaccine
4 a 8 vaccine
5 live 8 vaccine
6 attenuated 7 varicella
7 varicella 8 vaccine
9 to 10 prevent
10 prevent 12 zoster
11 herpes 12 zoster
13 indicated 14 that
14 that 16 vaccine
14 that 17 decreased
15 the 16 vaccine
16 vaccine 17 decreased
17 decreased 32 placebo
18 the 32 placebo
19 occurrence 20 of
19 occurrence 23 and
20 of 22 zoster
21 herpes 22 zoster
23 and 25 neuralgia
23 and 30 compared
23 and 32 placebo
24 postherpetic 25 neuralgia
25 neuralgia 26 by
26 by 28 half
27 almost 28 half
29 as 30 compared

vaccination of high risk subjects with the varicella vaccine seems to be the most effective measure for the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vaccination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 vaccination 2 of
1 vaccination 10 seems
2 of 5 subjects
3 high 5 subjects
4 risk 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 with
6 with 9 vaccine
7 the 9 vaccine
8 varicella 9 vaccine
10 seems 11 to
10 seems 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 16 measure
13 the 16 measure
14 most 15 effective
15 effective 16 measure
16 measure 17 for
17 for 19 prevention
18 the 19 prevention
19 prevention 20 of
20 of 22 neuralgia
21 postherpetic 22 neuralgia

although lithuanian population is aging and the number of older persons is increasing , the expectancy of autonomous life is one of the shortest in europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 expectancy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 although 6 and
1 although 13 increasing
1 although 16 expectancy
2 lithuanian 3 population
3 population 4 is
3 population 6 and
4 is 5 aging
6 and 8 number
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 12 is
9 of 11 persons
10 older 11 persons
12 is 13 increasing
13 increasing 14 ,
15 the 16 expectancy
16 expectancy 17 of
16 expectancy 20 is
17 of 19 life
18 autonomous 19 life
20 is 21 one
21 one 22 of
22 of 24 shortest
23 the 24 shortest
24 shortest 25 in
25 in 26 europe

an increasing number of the elderly results [not] only in aging society , but in increasing morbidity as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 an 3 number
2 increasing 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 7 results
4 of 6 elderly
5 the 6 elderly
7 results 9 only
7 results 14 but
10 in 11 aging
10 in 14 but
11 aging 12 society
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 in
15 in 16 increasing
16 increasing 17 morbidity
16 increasing 18 as
18 as 19 well

reality of life is encouraging health care systems to take into account the needs of older patients [and] to seek for comprehensive assessment , which is not limited by physical assessment only but includes evaluation of functional state , cognition , socioeconomic status , home environment , identification of geriatric syndromes and vulnerability factors , and assessment of frailty . 
1 reality 2 of
1 reality 4 is
2 of 3 life
4 is 8 systems
4 is 9 to
5 encouraging 8 systems
6 health 7 care
7 care 8 systems
9 to 10 take
10 take 12 account
10 take 14 needs
10 take 19 to
11 into 12 account
13 the 14 needs
14 needs 15 of
15 of 17 patients
16 older 17 patients
19 to 20 seek
20 seek 21 for
20 seek 31 assessment
20 seek 32 only
21 for 23 assessment
22 comprehensive 23 assessment
23 assessment 25 which
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 is
26 is 27 not
26 is 29 by
27 not 28 limited
30 physical 31 assessment
32 only 33 but
33 but 35 evaluation
34 includes 35 evaluation
35 evaluation 36 of
36 of 38 state
37 functional 38 state
38 state 40 cognition
38 state 43 status
38 state 48 identification
39 , 40 cognition
40 cognition 41 ,
41 , 43 status
42 socioeconomic 43 status
43 status 46 environment
43 status 47 ,
44 , 46 environment
45 home 46 environment
46 environment 47 ,
47 , 48 identification
48 identification 49 of
48 identification 58 of
48 identification 60 .
49 of 56 and
50 geriatric 51 syndromes
51 syndromes 52 and
52 and 54 factors
52 and 55 ,
52 and 56 and
53 vulnerability 54 factors
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 assessment
58 of 59 frailty

the term " frailty " is used to describe the status of the elderly person who can usually perform the main practical and social daily tasks , but due to loss of various functions , changes , or disorders cannot restore quickly the strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 term
2 term 3 "
2 term 4 frailty
2 term 7 used
2 term 38 or
4 frailty 5 "
4 frailty 6 is
6 is 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 describe
8 to 9 describe
9 describe 11 status
9 describe 23 and
10 the 11 status
11 status 12 of
11 status 16 who
11 status 17 can
12 of 15 person
13 the 15 person
14 elderly 15 person
16 who 17 can
17 can 19 perform
18 usually 19 perform
19 perform 21 main
20 the 21 main
22 practical 23 and
23 and 24 social
25 daily 38 or
26 tasks 28 but
26 tasks 38 or
27 , 28 but
28 but 30 to
28 but 37 ,
29 due 30 to
30 to 31 loss
31 loss 32 of
32 of 34 functions
33 various 34 functions
34 functions 36 changes
35 , 36 changes
36 changes 37 ,
38 or 41 restore
39 disorders 40 cannot
40 cannot 41 restore
41 restore 42 quickly
41 restore 44 strength
43 the 44 strength

concomitant diseases , disorders , disability , and frailty were considered as synonyms , but the researchers have recently agreed that these terms are not the same . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 concomitant 2 diseases
2 diseases 3 ,
3 , 4 disorders
3 , 5 ,
5 , 6 disability
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 frailty
8 and 10 were
10 were 11 considered
11 considered 12 as
12 as 13 synonyms
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 researchers
15 but 20 agreed
16 the 17 researchers
17 researchers 18 have
18 have 20 agreed
19 recently 20 agreed
20 agreed 21 that
21 that 23 terms
21 that 24 are
22 these 23 terms
23 terms 24 are
24 are 25 not
24 are 27 same
26 the 27 same

the social part [of] supportive environment is composed of people ( family , friends , professional caregivers [ )(who provide help . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 environment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 composed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 6 environment
2 social 3 part
3 part 6 environment
5 supportive 6 environment
6 environment 7 is
7 is 8 composed
8 composed 9 of
9 of 10 people
10 people 12 family
10 people 14 friends
11 ( 12 family
12 family 13 ,
13 , 14 friends
14 friends 15 ,
15 , 17 caregivers
15 , 21 help
16 professional 17 caregivers
17 caregivers 19 )(who
17 caregivers 20 provide
17 caregivers 21 help
19 )(who 20 provide

the physical part includes technologies that make living easier and more [autonomous] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 part
2 physical 3 part
3 part 4 includes
4 includes 5 technologies
5 technologies 6 that
5 technologies 7 make
6 that 7 make
7 make 8 living
7 make 10 and
9 easier 10 and
10 and 11 more

gerontechnologies in vulnerable and frail elderly people can compensate impaired orientation and memory , widen the possibility to communicate , exchange information , and move . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gerontechnologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 gerontechnologies 2 in
1 gerontechnologies 8 can
2 in 7 people
3 vulnerable 4 and
4 and 5 frail
4 and 7 people
6 elderly 7 people
8 can 14 ,
9 compensate 12 and
9 compensate 14 ,
10 impaired 11 orientation
11 orientation 12 and
12 and 13 memory
14 , 15 widen
14 , 18 to
15 widen 17 possibility
16 the 17 possibility
18 to 20 ,
19 communicate 20 ,
20 , 21 exchange
20 , 24 and
22 information 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 move

[with] the help of gerontechnologies , safe home environment and monitoring of health state can be ensured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 state
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ensured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 the 14 state
3 help 4 of
3 help 6 ,
4 of 5 gerontechnologies
6 , 9 environment
6 , 10 and
7 safe 9 environment
8 home 9 environment
10 and 11 monitoring
10 and 14 state
11 monitoring 12 of
12 of 13 health
14 state 15 can
15 can 16 be
16 be 17 ensured

in the article , algorithm [for] maintenance of autonomy in older persons made by the authors is presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 maintenance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 maintenance
2 the 3 article
5 algorithm 7 maintenance
7 maintenance 8 of
7 maintenance 17 is
8 of 9 autonomy
9 autonomy 10 in
10 in 12 persons
11 older 12 persons
12 persons 13 made
13 made 14 by
14 by 16 authors
15 the 16 authors
17 is 18 presented

the formation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) is a widely accepted pivotal mechanism leading to skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 formation
2 formation 3 of
2 formation 10 is
3 of 6 species
4 reactive 5 oxygen
5 oxygen 6 species
6 species 8 ros
7 ( 8 ros
8 ros 9 )
10 is 15 mechanism
11 a 15 mechanism
12 widely 13 accepted
13 accepted 15 mechanism
14 pivotal 15 mechanism
15 mechanism 16 leading
15 mechanism 19 aging
16 leading 17 to
17 to 18 skin

it increases with age , while the endogenous defense mechanisms that counter them decrease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 increases
2 increases 3 with
3 with 4 age
5 , 10 mechanisms
5 , 14 decrease
6 while 9 defense
6 while 10 mechanisms
7 the 9 defense
8 endogenous 9 defense
10 mechanisms 11 that
10 mechanisms 12 counter
10 mechanisms 14 decrease
11 that 12 counter
12 counter 13 them

this imbalance , called oxidative stress , leads to the progressive damage of cellular structures and results in accelerated aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 imbalance
2 imbalance 4 called
2 imbalance 8 leads
3 , 4 called
4 called 6 stress
4 called 7 ,
5 oxidative 6 stress
8 leads 9 to
8 leads 18 in
9 to 12 damage
10 the 12 damage
11 progressive 12 damage
12 damage 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 cellular 15 structures
15 structures 16 and
16 and 17 results
18 in 20 aging
19 accelerated 20 aging

antioxidant compounds can provide protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 antioxidant 2 compounds
2 compounds 3 can
3 can 4 provide
4 provide 5 protection
4 provide 12 by
5 protection 6 from
6 from 11 stress
7 endogenous 8 and
8 and 9 exogenous
8 and 11 stress
10 oxidative 11 stress
12 by 15 radicals
13 scavenging 15 radicals
14 free 15 radicals

the main phenolic compounds of oak wood , mate leaf and benjoin resin antioxidant extracts were identified and the effects of these extracts on skin aging markers were evaluated using dna macroarray technology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 4 compounds
3 phenolic 4 compounds
4 compounds 5 of
4 compounds 8 ,
5 of 7 wood
6 oak 7 wood
8 , 10 leaf
8 , 11 and
9 mate 10 leaf
11 and 15 extracts
11 and 16 were
12 benjoin 15 extracts
13 resin 14 antioxidant
14 antioxidant 15 extracts
16 were 17 identified
18 and 20 effects
18 and 29 evaluated
19 the 20 effects
20 effects 21 of
20 effects 26 aging
20 effects 28 were
21 of 23 extracts
22 these 23 extracts
23 extracts 24 on
24 on 25 skin
26 aging 27 markers
28 were 29 evaluated
29 evaluated 30 using
30 using 33 technology
31 dna 33 technology
32 macroarray 33 technology

the transcriptional effect of the three antioxidant extracts was evaluated in vitro on a replicative senescence model of normal human dermal fibroblasts ( nhdf ) , using a customized dna macroarray specifically designed to investigate aging markers such as dermal structure , cell renewal , inflammatory response and oxidative stress mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 3 effect
2 transcriptional 3 effect
3 effect 4 of
3 effect 7 antioxidant
3 effect 8 extracts
3 effect 9 was
4 of 6 three
5 the 6 three
7 antioxidant 8 extracts
9 was 10 evaluated
10 evaluated 12 vitro
10 evaluated 13 on
10 evaluated 27 using
11 in 12 vitro
13 on 17 model
14 a 15 replicative
14 a 17 model
15 replicative 17 model
16 senescence 17 model
17 model 18 of
17 model 24 nhdf
18 of 22 fibroblasts
19 normal 22 fibroblasts
20 human 22 fibroblasts
21 dermal 22 fibroblasts
23 ( 24 nhdf
24 nhdf 25 )
26 , 27 using
27 using 31 macroarray
27 using 34 to
27 using 35 investigate
27 using 42 ,
28 a 31 macroarray
29 customized 31 macroarray
30 dna 31 macroarray
31 macroarray 33 designed
32 specifically 33 designed
34 to 35 investigate
35 investigate 37 markers
35 investigate 39 as
36 aging 37 markers
38 such 39 as
39 as 41 structure
40 dermal 41 structure
42 , 48 and
43 cell 44 renewal
44 renewal 45 ,
45 , 47 response
45 , 48 and
46 inflammatory 47 response
48 and 51 mechanisms
49 oxidative 50 stress
50 stress 51 mechanisms

among the 149 genes detected , the three antioxidant extracts presented a significant regulation of five genes involved in [inflammatory] response , cell renewal and antioxidant defenses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 antioxidant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 among 4 genes
1 among 6 ,
1 among 8 three
2 the 3 149
3 149 4 genes
4 genes 5 detected
7 the 8 three
8 three 9 antioxidant
9 antioxidant 10 extracts
9 antioxidant 21 response
10 extracts 11 presented
10 extracts 14 regulation
10 extracts 18 involved
12 a 13 significant
12 a 14 regulation
13 significant 14 regulation
14 regulation 15 of
14 regulation 18 involved
15 of 17 genes
16 five 17 genes
19 in 21 response
22 , 25 and
23 cell 24 renewal
24 renewal 25 and
25 and 27 defenses
26 antioxidant 27 defenses

the collective transcriptional effects of these extracts suggest interesting antiaging properties which could be utilized in nutraceutical antiaging formulations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 effects
2 collective 4 effects
3 transcriptional 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 8 suggest
5 of 7 extracts
6 these 7 extracts
8 suggest 9 interesting
9 interesting 11 properties
10 antiaging 11 properties
11 properties 12 which
11 properties 13 could
12 which 13 could
13 could 14 be
14 be 15 utilized
15 utilized 16 in
16 in 19 formulations
17 nutraceutical 19 formulations
18 antiaging 19 formulations

medic and colleagues ( medic , starkes [,] & young , 2007 ) found that relatively younger cohorts of masters athletes had higher participation rates and achieved higher performances compared with a relatively older cohort . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 medic 2 and
2 and 3 colleagues
2 and 10 young
2 and 12 2007
2 and 14 found
4 ( 10 young
5 medic 9 &
6 , 9 &
7 starkes 9 &
9 & 10 young
10 young 11 ,
11 , 12 2007
12 2007 13 )
14 found 15 that
15 that 18 cohorts
15 that 22 had
16 relatively 17 younger
17 younger 18 cohorts
18 cohorts 19 of
18 cohorts 22 had
19 of 21 athletes
20 masters 21 athletes
22 had 25 rates
23 higher 24 participation
24 participation 25 rates
26 and 29 performances
26 and 30 compared
27 achieved 29 performances
28 higher 29 performances
29 performances 30 compared
30 compared 31 with
31 with 35 cohort
32 a 33 relatively
32 a 35 cohort
33 relatively 34 older
34 older 35 cohort

considering that medic and colleagues ['] ( 2007 ) study was cross - sectional in nature , the purpose of this investigation was to employ a retrospective longitudinal study design to examine the participation rates of masters swimmers as a function of an individual 's constituent year within any 5 [-] year age category over a period of 6 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 considering 2 that
1 considering 13 -
1 considering 19 purpose
2 that 10 study
2 that 12 cross
3 medic 4 and
4 and 5 colleagues
4 and 8 2007
4 and 10 study
7 ( 8 2007
8 2007 9 )
10 study 11 was
11 was 12 cross
13 - 14 sectional
14 sectional 15 in
14 sectional 17 ,
14 sectional 19 purpose
15 in 16 nature
18 the 19 purpose
19 purpose 20 of
19 purpose 23 was
20 of 22 investigation
21 this 22 investigation
23 was 24 to
23 was 25 employ
24 to 25 employ
25 employ 30 design
25 employ 31 to
25 employ 32 examine
26 a 30 design
27 retrospective 29 study
28 longitudinal 29 study
29 study 30 design
31 to 32 examine
32 examine 35 rates
33 the 35 rates
34 participation 35 rates
35 rates 36 of
35 rates 42 of
36 of 38 swimmers
37 masters 38 swimmers
38 swimmers 39 as
39 as 41 function
40 a 41 function
42 of 47 year
43 an 44 individual
44 individual 45 's
45 's 47 year
46 constituent 47 year
47 year 48 within
47 year 55 over
47 year 58 of
48 within 54 category
49 any 54 category
50 5 52 year
52 year 54 category
53 age 54 category
55 over 57 period
56 a 57 period
58 of 60 years
59 6 60 years

using archived data from the 2003 to 2009 us masters short course national championships , swimmers ' attendance was followed for a period of six consecutive years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 attendance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 using 3 data
1 using 15 ,
1 using 18 attendance
2 archived 3 data
3 data 4 from
4 from 14 championships
5 the 7 to
6 2003 7 to
7 to 8 2009
7 to 14 championships
9 us 10 masters
10 masters 11 short
11 short 12 course
12 course 13 national
13 national 14 championships
16 swimmers 17 '
17 ' 18 attendance
18 attendance 19 was
19 was 20 followed
20 followed 21 for
21 for 23 period
22 a 23 period
23 period 24 of
24 of 27 years
25 six 27 years
26 consecutive 27 years

overall , effect size analyses indicated that the odds of a masters swimmer participating in the championship during the first constituent year of any 5 - year age [category] was more than two times greater than the odds of that athlete participating during the fifth constituent year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
2 , 3 effect
2 , 26 -
3 effect 4 size
3 effect 15 in
3 effect 18 during
4 size 14 participating
5 analyses 6 indicated
6 indicated 7 that
7 that 9 odds
7 that 14 participating
8 the 9 odds
9 odds 10 of
9 odds 14 participating
10 of 13 swimmer
11 a 13 swimmer
12 masters 13 swimmer
15 in 17 championship
16 the 17 championship
18 during 22 year
19 the 20 first
19 the 22 year
21 constituent 22 year
22 year 23 of
23 of 25 5
24 any 25 5
26 - 28 age
26 - 30 was
26 - 48 .
27 year 28 age
28 age 30 was
30 was 35 greater
31 more 32 than
32 than 33 two
33 two 34 times
34 times 35 greater
35 greater 36 than
36 than 38 odds
37 the 38 odds
38 odds 39 of
38 odds 42 participating
39 of 41 athlete
40 that 41 athlete
42 participating 43 during
43 during 47 year
44 the 45 fifth
44 the 47 year
46 constituent 47 year

aging is known to be the most prominent risk factor for alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) ; however , the underlying mechanism linking brain aging with ad pathogenesis remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 to
3 known 13 's
4 to 5 be
6 the 10 factor
7 most 8 prominent
8 prominent 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 for
10 factor 13 's
11 for 12 alzheimer
13 's 14 disease
14 disease 16 ad
15 ( 16 ad
16 ad 17 )
18 ; 23 mechanism
18 ; 30 remains
19 however 20 ,
19 however 23 mechanism
21 the 23 mechanism
22 underlying 23 mechanism
23 mechanism 24 linking
23 mechanism 30 remains
24 linking 25 brain
25 brain 26 aging
25 brain 27 with
27 with 29 pathogenesis
28 ad 29 pathogenesis
30 remains 31 unknown

the expression of human amyloid beta 42 peptide [(] aβ₁₋₄₂ [ )(, but not aβ₁₋₄₀ in drosophila brain induces an early onset and progressive autophagy - lysosomal neuropathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 19 induces
3 of 18 brain
4 human 5 amyloid
5 amyloid 18 brain
6 beta 8 peptide
7 42 8 peptide
8 peptide 18 brain
10 aβ₁₋₄₂ 13 but
12 )(, 13 but
13 but 14 not
13 but 15 aβ₁₋₄₀
13 but 18 brain
14 not 15 aβ₁₋₄₀
15 aβ₁₋₄₀ 16 in
16 in 17 drosophila
19 induces 23 and
20 an 21 early
20 an 22 onset
21 early 22 onset
22 onset 23 and
23 and 28 neuropathology
24 progressive 28 neuropathology
25 autophagy 26 -
25 autophagy 28 neuropathology
27 lysosomal 28 neuropathology

here we show that the natural process of brain aging also accompanies a chronic and late - onset deterioration of neuronal autophagy - lysosomal system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 7 process
4 that 12 accompanies
5 the 7 process
6 natural 7 process
7 process 8 of
7 process 12 accompanies
8 of 9 brain
9 brain 10 aging
10 aging 11 also
12 accompanies 19 deterioration
13 a 19 deterioration
14 chronic 15 and
15 and 18 onset
15 and 19 deterioration
16 late 17 -
16 late 18 onset
19 deterioration 20 of
20 of 22 autophagy
21 neuronal 22 autophagy
23 - 25 system
24 lysosomal 25 system

this process is characterized by accumulation of dysfunctional autophagy - lysosomal vesicles , a compromise of these vesicles leading to damage of intracellular membranes and organelles , necrotic - like intraneuronal destruction and neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 process
2 process 3 is
3 is 4 characterized
4 characterized 5 by
5 by 6 accumulation
6 accumulation 7 of
7 of 9 autophagy
8 dysfunctional 9 autophagy
9 autophagy 12 vesicles
10 - 12 vesicles
11 lysosomal 12 vesicles
12 vesicles 13 ,
13 , 25 and
13 , 27 ,
14 a 15 compromise
15 compromise 16 of
15 compromise 25 and
16 of 18 vesicles
17 these 18 vesicles
18 vesicles 19 leading
18 vesicles 22 of
19 leading 20 to
20 to 21 damage
22 of 24 membranes
23 intracellular 24 membranes
25 and 26 organelles
27 , 30 like
28 necrotic 29 -
28 necrotic 30 like
30 like 33 and
31 intraneuronal 32 destruction
32 destruction 33 and
33 and 34 neurodegeneration

in addition , conditional activation of neuronal autophagy in young animals is protective while late activation is deleterious for survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 activation
4 conditional 5 activation
5 activation 6 of
5 activation 12 is
6 of 8 autophagy
7 neuronal 8 autophagy
8 autophagy 9 in
9 in 11 animals
10 young 11 animals
12 is 13 protective
13 protective 14 while
14 while 16 activation
14 while 17 is
15 late 16 activation
16 activation 17 is
17 is 18 deleterious
18 deleterious 19 for
19 for 20 survival

intriguingly , conditional aβ₁₋₄₂ expression limited to young animals exacerbates the aging process to a greater extent than aβ₁₋₄₂ expression in old animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exacerbates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 intriguingly 2 ,
1 intriguingly 5 expression
3 conditional 5 expression
4 aβ₁₋₄₂ 5 expression
5 expression 6 limited
5 expression 10 exacerbates
6 limited 7 to
7 to 9 animals
8 young 9 animals
10 exacerbates 13 process
10 exacerbates 14 to
10 exacerbates 18 than
10 exacerbates 21 in
11 the 13 process
12 aging 13 process
14 to 17 extent
15 a 17 extent
16 greater 17 extent
18 than 20 expression
19 aβ₁₋₄₂ 20 expression
21 in 23 animals
22 old 23 animals

these data suggest that the neuronal autophagy - lysosomal system may shift from a functional and protective state to a pathological and deleterious state either during brain aging or via aβ₁₋₄₂ neurotoxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 10 system
4 that 12 shift
5 the 10 system
6 neuronal 10 system
7 autophagy 8 -
7 autophagy 10 system
9 lysosomal 10 system
10 system 11 may
11 may 12 shift
12 shift 13 from
12 shift 19 to
13 from 18 state
14 a 18 state
15 functional 16 and
16 and 17 protective
16 and 18 state
19 to 24 state
20 a 24 state
21 pathological 22 and
22 and 23 deleterious
22 and 24 state
24 state 29 or
25 either 29 or
26 during 27 brain
26 during 29 or
27 brain 28 aging
29 or 30 via
30 via 32 neurotoxicity
31 aβ₁₋₄₂ 32 neurotoxicity

a chronic deterioration of the neuronal autophagy - lysosomal system is likely to be a key event in transitioning from normal brain aging to pathological aging leading to alzheimer 's neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deterioration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 2 chronic
1 a 3 deterioration
2 chronic 3 deterioration
3 deterioration 4 of
3 deterioration 11 is
4 of 10 system
5 the 10 system
6 neuronal 10 system
7 autophagy 8 -
7 autophagy 10 system
9 lysosomal 10 system
11 is 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 be
13 to 14 be
14 be 17 event
15 a 17 event
16 key 17 event
17 event 18 in
17 event 23 aging
17 event 27 leading
18 in 19 transitioning
19 transitioning 20 from
20 from 22 brain
21 normal 22 brain
23 aging 24 to
24 to 26 aging
25 pathological 26 aging
27 leading 28 to
28 to 31 neurodegeneration
29 alzheimer 30 's
30 's 31 neurodegeneration

objective : to quantify the number of cases and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection among older adults in sub [-] saharan africa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 quantify
3 to 4 quantify
4 quantify 18 infection
4 quantify 19 among
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 9 and
7 of 8 cases
9 and 10 prevalence
9 and 11 of
9 and 16 hiv
9 and 18 infection
11 of 14 virus
12 human 14 virus
13 immunodeficiency 14 virus
15 ( 16 hiv
16 hiv 17 )
19 among 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
21 adults 22 in
22 in 26 africa
23 sub 26 africa
25 saharan 26 africa

methods : we reviewed data from demographic and health surveys ( dhs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 reviewed
2 : 14 .
3 we 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 5 data
5 data 6 from
6 from 8 and
7 demographic 8 and
8 and 12 dhs
9 health 10 surveys
10 surveys 12 dhs
11 ( 12 dhs
12 dhs 13 )

although in these surveys all female respondents are < 50 years of age , 18 of the surveys contained data on hiv infection among men aged ≥ 50 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 although 7 respondents
1 although 8 are
1 although 23 infection
2 in 4 surveys
2 in 7 respondents
3 these 4 surveys
5 all 7 respondents
6 female 7 respondents
7 respondents 8 are
8 are 11 years
8 are 21 on
9 < 10 50
10 50 11 years
11 years 15 18
11 years 19 contained
12 of 13 age
12 of 14 ,
12 of 15 18
15 18 16 of
15 18 19 contained
16 of 18 surveys
17 the 18 surveys
19 contained 20 data
21 on 22 hiv
23 infection 24 among
23 infection 26 aged
24 among 25 men
26 aged 29 years
27 ≥ 29 years
28 50 29 years

to estimate the percentage of older adults [(] i.e . people ≥ 50 years of age [ )(who were positive for hiv ( hiv+ ) , [we] extrapolated from data from the joint united nations programme on hiv/aids on the estimated number of people living with hiv and on hiv infection prevalence among adults aged 15 - 49 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 to 2 estimate
2 estimate 4 percentage
3 the 4 percentage
4 percentage 5 of
5 of 9 i.e
6 older 9 i.e
7 adults 9 i.e
10 . 11 people
11 people 14 years
11 people 21 for
12 ≥ 14 years
13 50 14 years
14 years 15 of
14 years 18 )(who
14 years 19 were
15 of 16 age
18 )(who 19 were
19 were 20 positive
21 for 22 hiv
22 hiv 24 hiv+
22 hiv 28 extrapolated
23 ( 24 hiv+
24 hiv+ 25 )
26 , 28 extrapolated
28 extrapolated 29 from
28 extrapolated 31 from
29 from 30 data
31 from 36 programme
32 the 36 programme
33 joint 34 united
34 united 35 nations
35 nations 36 programme
36 programme 37 on
36 programme 43 of
37 on 38 hiv/aids
38 hiv/aids 39 on
39 on 42 number
40 the 42 number
41 estimated 42 number
43 of 44 people
44 people 45 living
44 people 48 and
44 people 53 among
46 with 47 hiv
46 with 48 and
48 and 49 on
49 on 52 prevalence
50 hiv 51 infection
51 infection 52 prevalence
53 among 54 adults
54 adults 55 aged
54 adults 59 years
55 aged 56 15
57 - 59 years
58 49 59 years
59 years 60 .

findings : in 2007 , approximately 3 million people aged ≥ 50 years were living with hiv in sub - saharan africa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 findings 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 2007
5 , 9 people
5 , 19 sub
5 , 20 -
6 approximately 9 people
7 3 8 million
8 million 9 people
9 people 10 aged
9 people 13 years
9 people 18 in
9 people 19 sub
10 aged 11 ≥
12 50 13 years
13 years 14 were
14 were 15 living
15 living 16 with
15 living 18 in
16 with 17 hiv
20 - 22 africa
21 saharan 22 africa

the prevalence of hiv infection in this group was 4.0 % , compared with 5.0 % among those aged 15 - 49 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 12 ,
3 of 5 infection
4 hiv 5 infection
5 infection 6 in
6 in 8 group
7 this 8 group
9 was 11 %
9 was 12 ,
10 4.0 11 %
12 , 13 compared
12 , 17 among
13 compared 14 with
14 with 16 %
15 5.0 16 %
17 among 23 years
18 those 23 years
19 aged 23 years
20 15 21 -
21 - 22 49
21 - 23 years

of the approximately 21 million people in sub [-] saharan africa aged ≥ 15 years that were hiv+ , 14.3 % were ≥ 50 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ≥
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 of 5 million
1 of 6 people
2 the 5 million
3 approximately 5 million
4 21 5 million
6 people 7 in
6 people 12 aged
6 people 13 ≥
7 in 11 africa
8 sub 11 africa
10 saharan 11 africa
13 ≥ 15 years
14 15 15 years
15 years 16 that
15 years 17 were
16 that 17 were
17 were 18 hiv+
19 , 21 %
19 , 22 were
20 14.3 21 %
21 % 22 were
22 were 23 ≥
23 ≥ 26 old
24 50 25 years
25 years 26 old

conclusion : to better reflect the longer survival of people living with hiv and the ageing of the hiv+ population , indicators of the prevalence of hiv infection should be expanded to include people > 49 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 22 indicators
2 : 31 expanded
3 to 5 reflect
3 to 21 ,
3 to 22 indicators
4 better 5 reflect
5 reflect 14 and
6 the 14 and
7 longer 8 survival
8 survival 9 of
8 survival 14 and
9 of 10 people
10 people 11 living
10 people 12 with
12 with 13 hiv
14 and 16 ageing
15 the 16 ageing
16 ageing 17 of
17 of 20 population
18 the 20 population
19 hiv+ 20 population
22 indicators 23 of
22 indicators 26 of
22 indicators 31 expanded
23 of 25 prevalence
24 the 25 prevalence
26 of 27 hiv
27 hiv 28 infection
27 hiv 30 be
28 infection 29 should
29 should 30 be
31 expanded 32 to
31 expanded 37 years
32 to 33 include
33 include 34 people
35 > 36 49
36 49 37 years
37 years 38 of
38 of 39 age

little is known about comorbidity and sexual behaviour among hiv+ older adults or about the biological and cultural factors that increase the risk of transmission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 about
3 known 13 or
4 about 6 and
5 comorbidity 6 and
6 and 8 behaviour
7 sexual 8 behaviour
9 among 12 adults
9 among 13 or
10 hiv+ 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 or 14 about
14 about 19 factors
15 the 19 factors
16 biological 17 and
17 and 18 cultural
17 and 19 factors
19 factors 20 that
19 factors 21 increase
20 that 21 increase
21 increase 23 risk
22 the 23 risk
23 risk 24 of
24 of 25 transmission

hiv services need to be better targeted to respond to the growing needs of older adults living with hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 services
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 hiv 2 services
2 services 3 need
2 services 4 to
2 services 8 to
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 better
5 be 7 targeted
8 to 9 respond
9 respond 10 to
10 to 13 needs
11 the 13 needs
12 growing 13 needs
13 needs 14 of
13 needs 17 living
14 of 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
17 living 18 with
18 with 19 hiv

purpose of review : the renin [-] angiotensin system ( ras ) is critical for cardiovascular control , impacting normal physiology and disease pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 9 system
4 : 13 is
5 the 9 system
6 renin 8 angiotensin
8 angiotensin 9 system
9 system 11 ras
9 system 13 is
10 ( 11 ras
11 ras 12 )
13 is 14 critical
14 critical 15 for
15 for 22 and
16 cardiovascular 17 control
17 control 18 ,
18 , 21 physiology
18 , 22 and
19 impacting 21 physiology
20 normal 21 physiology
22 and 24 pathogenesis
23 disease 24 pathogenesis

although several biologically active peptides are generated by this system , its major actions are mediated by angiotensin ii acting through its type 1 ( at1 ) and type 2 ( at2 ) [receptors] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 actions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 5 peptides
1 although 7 generated
1 although 11 ,
1 although 14 actions
2 several 5 peptides
3 biologically 4 active
4 active 5 peptides
5 peptides 6 are
6 are 7 generated
7 generated 8 by
8 by 10 system
9 this 10 system
12 its 14 actions
13 major 14 actions
14 actions 15 are
15 are 28 and
16 mediated 17 by
16 mediated 21 through
16 mediated 24 1
16 mediated 28 and
17 by 18 angiotensin
18 angiotensin 19 ii
18 angiotensin 20 acting
21 through 23 type
22 its 23 type
24 1 26 at1
25 ( 26 at1
26 at1 27 )
28 and 29 type
29 type 30 2
30 2 32 at2
31 ( 32 at2
32 at2 33 )

along with their effects to influence blood pressure and hemodynamics , recent studies have provided evidence that angiotensin receptors influence a range of processes independent from hemodynamic effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 along 2 with
2 with 9 and
2 with 11 ,
2 with 13 studies
3 their 4 effects
4 effects 5 to
4 effects 9 and
5 to 8 pressure
6 influence 7 blood
7 blood 8 pressure
9 and 10 hemodynamics
12 recent 13 studies
13 studies 14 have
14 have 15 provided
15 provided 16 evidence
16 evidence 17 that
16 evidence 20 influence
17 that 19 receptors
17 that 20 influence
18 angiotensin 19 receptors
19 receptors 20 influence
20 influence 22 range
21 a 22 range
22 range 23 of
23 of 24 processes
24 processes 25 independent
25 independent 26 from
26 from 28 effects
27 hemodynamic 28 effects

recent findings : this review is focused on new molecular mechanisms underlying actions of at1 receptors to influence vasoconstriction , inflammation , immune responses , and longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 5 review
3 : 7 focused
4 this 5 review
5 review 6 is
6 is 7 focused
7 focused 8 on
7 focused 17 to
8 on 11 mechanisms
9 new 11 mechanisms
10 molecular 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 underlying
12 underlying 13 actions
13 actions 14 of
14 of 16 receptors
15 at1 16 receptors
17 to 18 influence
18 influence 26 and
19 vasoconstriction 20 ,
20 , 21 inflammation
20 , 22 ,
22 , 24 responses
22 , 26 and
23 immune 24 responses
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 longevity

moreover , we also highlight new advances in understanding functions of the at2 receptor [in] end - organ damage , emphasizing the at2 receptor as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 5 highlight
4 also 5 highlight
5 highlight 7 advances
5 highlight 8 in
5 highlight 25 as
5 highlight 30 in
6 new 7 advances
8 in 10 functions
9 understanding 10 functions
10 functions 11 of
10 functions 21 emphasizing
11 of 16 end
12 the 16 end
13 at2 16 end
14 receptor 16 end
16 end 19 damage
17 - 19 damage
18 organ 19 damage
19 damage 20 ,
21 emphasizing 24 receptor
22 the 24 receptor
23 at2 24 receptor
25 as 29 target
26 a 27 potential
26 a 29 target
27 potential 29 target
28 therapeutic 29 target
30 in 32 diseases
31 cardiovascular 32 diseases

summary : here we review recent advances in understanding the role of angiotensin receptors in normal physiology and disease states , focusing on their properties that may contribute to blood pressure regulation , end - organ damage , autoimmune disease and longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 states
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 3 here
4 we 5 review
5 review 7 advances
5 review 8 in
6 recent 7 advances
8 in 9 understanding
9 understanding 11 role
9 understanding 20 states
10 the 11 role
11 role 12 of
11 role 20 states
12 of 18 and
13 angiotensin 14 receptors
14 receptors 15 in
14 receptors 18 and
15 in 17 physiology
16 normal 17 physiology
18 and 19 disease
20 states 22 focusing
21 , 22 focusing
22 focusing 23 on
22 focusing 35 -
23 on 25 properties
24 their 25 properties
25 properties 26 that
25 properties 33 ,
26 that 33 ,
27 may 28 contribute
27 may 33 ,
28 contribute 29 to
29 to 32 regulation
30 blood 32 regulation
31 pressure 32 regulation
33 , 34 end
35 - 41 and
36 organ 37 damage
37 damage 38 ,
38 , 40 disease
38 , 41 and
39 autoimmune 40 disease
41 and 42 longevity

purpose of review : patients with tetralogy of fallot are subject to arrhythmic sequelae that substantially impact morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 patients
4 : 11 subject
4 : 21 .
5 patients 6 with
5 patients 10 are
6 with 7 tetralogy
7 tetralogy 8 of
8 of 9 fallot
10 are 11 subject
11 subject 12 to
11 subject 16 substantially
11 subject 19 and
12 to 14 sequelae
13 arrhythmic 14 sequelae
15 that 16 substantially
17 impact 18 morbidity
18 morbidity 19 and
19 and 20 mortality

this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the prevalence and types of arrhythmias encountered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 7 in
4 on 6 advances
5 recent 6 advances
7 in 9 understanding
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 the 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 and
13 and 14 types
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 arrhythmias
16 arrhythmias 17 encountered

diagnostic and prognostic tools are considered and therapeutic options discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 diagnostic 2 and
2 and 3 prognostic
2 and 4 tools
2 and 6 considered
2 and 7 and
4 tools 5 are
5 are 6 considered
7 and 9 options
7 and 10 discussed
8 therapeutic 9 options

recent findings : multicenter studies have characterized the arrhythmia burden , assessed the impact of implantable cardioverter - defibrillators , and generated a risk score for primary prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 4 multicenter
3 : 11 ,
4 multicenter 5 studies
4 multicenter 6 have
4 multicenter 11 ,
5 studies 6 have
7 characterized 10 burden
7 characterized 11 ,
8 the 10 burden
9 arrhythmia 10 burden
11 , 21 and
11 , 26 for
12 assessed 14 impact
12 assessed 21 and
13 the 14 impact
14 impact 15 of
14 impact 19 defibrillators
15 of 17 cardioverter
16 implantable 17 cardioverter
18 - 19 defibrillators
19 defibrillators 20 ,
21 and 22 generated
22 generated 25 score
23 a 25 score
24 risk 25 score
26 for 28 prevention
27 primary 28 prevention

left [ventricular] hemodynamics are increasingly recognized as important contributors to risk for sudden death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hemodynamics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 left 3 hemodynamics
3 hemodynamics 4 are
4 are 6 recognized
5 increasingly 6 recognized
6 recognized 7 as
6 recognized 10 to
6 recognized 12 for
7 as 9 contributors
8 important 9 contributors
10 to 11 risk
12 for 14 death
13 sudden 14 death

arrhythmia circuits have been characterized , and the impact of pulmonary valve replacement on sudden death has been further questioned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 circuits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 arrhythmia 2 circuits
2 circuits 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 characterized
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 impact
7 and 20 questioned
8 the 9 impact
9 impact 10 of
9 impact 17 has
10 of 13 replacement
11 pulmonary 12 valve
12 valve 13 replacement
13 replacement 14 on
14 on 16 death
15 sudden 16 death
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 further
18 been 20 questioned

recent studies cast doubt on the value of right [ventricular] pacing alone for cardiac resynchronization and provide a rationale for biventricular pacing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 cast
2 studies 16 and
4 doubt 5 on
4 doubt 11 pacing
4 doubt 16 and
5 on 7 value
6 the 7 value
7 value 8 of
8 of 9 right
11 pacing 12 alone
11 pacing 13 for
13 for 15 resynchronization
14 cardiac 15 resynchronization
16 and 17 provide
17 provide 19 rationale
18 a 19 rationale
19 rationale 20 for
20 for 22 pacing
21 biventricular 22 pacing

summary : supraventricular arrhythmias exceed [ventricular] arrhythmias in prevalence , as atrial fibrillation increases with the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 arrhythmias
2 : 5 exceed
2 : 10 ,
2 : 19 .
3 supraventricular 4 arrhythmias
4 arrhythmias 5 exceed
5 exceed 7 arrhythmias
7 arrhythmias 8 in
8 in 9 prevalence
10 , 13 fibrillation
10 , 14 increases
11 as 12 atrial
12 atrial 13 fibrillation
13 fibrillation 14 increases
14 increases 15 with
15 with 18 population
16 the 18 population
17 aging 18 population

sudden death is the leading cause of late mortality , although therapeutic advances may alter this profile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 sudden 2 death
2 death 3 is
3 is 6 cause
4 the 6 cause
5 leading 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 9 mortality
8 late 9 mortality
10 , 15 alter
11 although 13 advances
11 although 14 may
11 although 15 alter
12 therapeutic 13 advances
13 advances 14 may
15 alter 17 profile
16 this 17 profile

combinations of factors should be considered in risk stratification schemes to select appropriate implantable cardioverter - defibrillator candidates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 combinations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 combinations 2 of
1 combinations 4 should
2 of 3 factors
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 7 in
6 considered 11 to
6 considered 12 select
7 in 10 schemes
8 risk 10 schemes
9 stratification 10 schemes
11 to 12 select
12 select 18 candidates
13 appropriate 17 defibrillator
14 implantable 17 defibrillator
15 cardioverter 16 -
15 cardioverter 17 defibrillator
17 defibrillator 18 candidates

the role of concomitant intraoperative ablation during pulmonary valve replacement surgery remains to be defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 12 remains
3 of 6 ablation
4 concomitant 6 ablation
5 intraoperative 6 ablation
6 ablation 7 during
7 during 11 surgery
8 pulmonary 9 valve
9 valve 11 surgery
10 replacement 11 surgery
12 remains 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 defined

cardiac resynchronization therapy , particularly biventricular [pacing] , offers promise , but requires careful study before widespread implementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cardiac 2 resynchronization
2 resynchronization 3 therapy
4 , 9 offers
4 , 12 but
5 particularly 6 biventricular
6 biventricular 8 ,
6 biventricular 9 offers
9 offers 12 but
10 promise 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 requires
13 requires 15 study
13 requires 16 before
14 careful 15 study
16 before 18 implementation
17 widespread 18 implementation

[none] the proliferative potential of eukaryotic cells is critically dependent upon the maintenance of functional telomeres , the protein - dna complexes that cap the ends of chromosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 the 4 potential
3 proliferative 4 potential
4 potential 5 of
4 potential 8 is
5 of 7 cells
6 eukaryotic 7 cells
8 is 10 dependent
9 critically 10 dependent
10 dependent 11 upon
11 upon 13 maintenance
12 the 13 maintenance
13 maintenance 14 of
14 of 16 telomeres
15 functional 16 telomeres
16 telomeres 19 protein
17 , 19 protein
18 the 19 protein
19 protein 20 -
20 - 22 complexes
21 dna 22 complexes
22 complexes 23 that
22 complexes 24 cap
23 that 24 cap
24 cap 26 ends
25 the 26 ends
26 ends 27 of
27 of 28 chromosomes

a paper published in this issue of aging describes [that] the telomere protein tankyrase 1 regulates dna damage responses at telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 paper
2 paper 3 published
2 paper 7 of
2 paper 9 describes
3 published 4 in
4 in 6 issue
5 this 6 issue
7 of 8 aging
9 describes 13 protein
11 the 13 protein
12 telomere 13 protein
13 protein 14 tankyrase
13 protein 16 regulates
14 tankyrase 15 1
14 tankyrase 16 regulates
16 regulates 19 responses
16 regulates 20 at
17 dna 19 responses
18 damage 19 responses
20 at 21 telomeres

histone deacetylase inhibitors ( hdaci ) comprise a family of chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinic to treat cutaneous [t] - cell lymphoma and tested for the therapy of other malignancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 comprise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 histone 2 deacetylase
2 deacetylase 3 inhibitors
3 inhibitors 5 hdaci
3 inhibitors 7 comprise
4 ( 5 hdaci
5 hdaci 6 )
7 comprise 9 family
8 a 9 family
9 family 10 of
9 family 13 used
10 of 12 agents
11 chemotherapeutic 12 agents
13 used 14 in
13 used 17 to
13 used 24 and
14 in 16 clinic
15 the 16 clinic
17 to 24 and
18 treat 23 lymphoma
18 treat 24 and
19 cutaneous 21 -
19 cutaneous 22 cell
22 cell 23 lymphoma
24 and 25 tested
24 and 26 for
26 for 28 therapy
27 the 28 therapy
28 therapy 29 of
29 of 31 malignancies
30 other 31 malignancies

previous reports have shown that eif2α phosphorylation is induced upon treatment with hdaci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 previous 2 reports
2 reports 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 7 phosphorylation
5 that 9 induced
6 eif2α 7 phosphorylation
7 phosphorylation 8 is
8 is 9 induced
9 induced 10 upon
9 induced 12 with
10 upon 11 treatment
12 with 13 hdaci

however the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation or the biological significance of this finding is not yet established . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 kinase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 3 kinase
2 the 3 kinase
3 kinase 4 responsible
3 kinase 15 is
4 responsible 5 for
5 for 8 or
6 this 7 phosphorylation
7 phosphorylation 8 or
8 or 11 significance
8 or 12 of
9 the 11 significance
10 biological 11 significance
12 of 14 finding
13 this 14 finding
15 is 16 not
15 is 17 yet
15 is 18 established

herein , we show that eif2α phosphorylation is not attributed to a specific eif2α kinase , but rather different eif2α kinases contribute to its upregulation in response to the hdaci , vorinostat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 herein 2 ,
1 herein 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 7 phosphorylation
5 that 8 is
6 eif2α 7 phosphorylation
7 phosphorylation 8 is
8 is 9 not
8 is 11 to
8 is 28 to
9 not 10 attributed
11 to 20 eif2α
12 a 13 specific
12 a 15 kinase
13 specific 14 eif2α
14 eif2α 15 kinase
15 kinase 17 but
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 rather
17 but 19 different
17 but 20 eif2α
20 eif2α 21 kinases
20 eif2α 22 contribute
21 kinases 22 contribute
22 contribute 23 to
23 to 25 upregulation
24 its 25 upregulation
26 in 27 response
27 response 28 to
28 to 30 hdaci
29 the 30 hdaci
31 , 32 vorinostat

more importantly our data indicate that eif2α phosphorylation acts in a cytoprotective manner , whereas the eif2α kinases pkr and gcn2 promote vorinostat - induced apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 more 2 importantly
2 importantly 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 indicate
5 indicate 9 acts
5 indicate 10 in
6 that 7 eif2α
7 eif2α 9 acts
8 phosphorylation 9 acts
10 in 13 manner
11 a 13 manner
12 cytoprotective 13 manner
14 , 20 and
14 , 22 promote
15 whereas 18 kinases
15 whereas 20 and
16 the 18 kinases
17 eif2α 18 kinases
19 pkr 20 and
20 and 21 gcn2
20 and 22 promote
22 promote 26 apoptosis
23 vorinostat 24 -
23 vorinostat 26 apoptosis
25 induced 26 apoptosis

these results reveal a dual nature for eif2α kinases with potential implications in the treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 reveal
3 reveal 6 nature
3 reveal 13 in
3 reveal 16 with
4 a 5 dual
4 a 6 nature
5 dual 6 nature
6 nature 7 for
6 nature 10 with
7 for 9 kinases
8 eif2α 9 kinases
10 with 12 implications
11 potential 12 implications
13 in 15 treatment
14 the 15 treatment
16 with 19 inhibitors
17 histone 19 inhibitors
18 deacetylase 19 inhibitors

objectives : the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religiously based beliefs about suffering and health among older mexicans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 purpose
2 : 8 is
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 is
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 is 9 to
8 is 13 between
8 is 17 about
8 is 21 among
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 12 relationship
11 the 12 relationship
13 between 16 beliefs
14 religiously 15 based
15 based 16 beliefs
17 about 19 and
18 suffering 19 and
19 and 20 health
21 among 23 mexicans
22 older 23 mexicans

methods : a nationwide survey of older mexican americans [was] conducted ( n=1,005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 survey
3 a 4 nationwide
3 a 5 survey
4 nationwide 5 survey
5 survey 6 of
6 of 9 americans
7 older 8 mexican
8 mexican 9 americans
9 americans 11 conducted
9 americans 13 n=1,005
12 ( 13 n=1,005
13 n=1,005 14 )

questions were administered to assess beliefs about finding positive outcomes in suffering , the benefits of suffering in silence , other dimensions of religion , and health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 questions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 questions 2 were
2 were 3 administered
3 administered 4 to
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 6 beliefs
5 assess 7 about
7 about 8 finding
8 finding 10 outcomes
8 finding 22 dimensions
8 finding 26 and
9 positive 10 outcomes
10 outcomes 11 in
11 in 12 suffering
12 suffering 15 benefits
13 , 15 benefits
14 the 15 benefits
15 benefits 16 of
15 benefits 20 ,
16 of 17 suffering
17 suffering 18 in
18 in 19 silence
21 other 22 dimensions
22 dimensions 23 of
23 of 24 religion
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 health

results : the findings suggest that older mexican americans who use their faith to find something positive in the face of suffering tend to rate their health more favorably . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 americans
6 that 23 tend
7 older 8 mexican
8 mexican 9 americans
9 americans 10 who
9 americans 11 use
9 americans 23 tend
10 who 11 use
11 use 13 faith
11 use 14 to
11 use 15 find
12 their 13 faith
14 to 15 find
15 find 16 something
15 find 17 positive
17 positive 18 in
18 in 20 face
19 the 20 face
20 face 21 of
21 of 22 suffering
23 tend 24 to
23 tend 25 rate
24 to 25 rate
25 rate 27 health
25 rate 29 favorably
26 their 27 health
28 more 29 favorably

in contrast , older mexican americans who believe that it is important to suffer in silence tend to rate their health less favorably . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 americans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 americans
4 older 6 americans
5 mexican 6 americans
6 americans 7 who
6 americans 8 believe
6 americans 17 tend
7 who 8 believe
8 believe 9 that
9 that 10 it
9 that 11 is
10 it 11 is
11 is 12 important
12 important 13 to
12 important 14 suffer
13 to 14 suffer
14 suffer 15 in
15 in 16 silence
17 tend 18 to
17 tend 19 rate
18 to 19 rate
19 rate 21 health
19 rate 23 favorably
20 their 21 health
22 less 23 favorably

discussion : moving beyond measures of church attendance to explore culturally relevant beliefs about suffering provides important insight into the relationship between religion and health among older mexican americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 moving
2 : 16 provides
3 moving 4 beyond
3 moving 14 about
3 moving 16 provides
4 beyond 5 measures
5 measures 6 of
6 of 8 attendance
7 church 8 attendance
8 attendance 9 to
8 attendance 10 explore
9 to 10 explore
10 explore 13 beliefs
11 culturally 12 relevant
12 relevant 13 beliefs
14 about 15 suffering
16 provides 18 insight
16 provides 19 into
16 provides 22 between
17 important 18 insight
19 into 21 relationship
20 the 21 relationship
22 between 24 and
23 religion 24 and
24 and 25 health
24 and 26 among
26 among 29 americans
27 older 28 mexican
28 mexican 29 americans

[none] compared to men , women live longer but experience greater morbidity as [they] age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 compared 6 women
3 to 4 men
3 to 5 ,
3 to 6 women
6 women 9 but
7 live 8 longer
7 live 9 but
9 but 10 experience
10 experience 12 morbidity
10 experience 13 as
11 greater 12 morbidity
13 as 15 age

however , little is known about the rapidly growing population of women aging with disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 10 population
7 the 10 population
8 rapidly 9 growing
9 growing 10 population
10 population 11 of
11 of 12 women
12 women 13 aging
13 aging 14 with
14 with 15 disability

women aging with disabilities may encounter barriers that increase risk of morbidity , including lack of access to medical care or inadequate assistance , equipment , or services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 women 2 aging
1 women 3 with
1 women 27 or
3 with 4 disabilities
5 may 6 encounter
5 may 27 or
6 encounter 7 barriers
7 barriers 8 that
7 barriers 9 increase
7 barriers 14 including
8 that 9 increase
9 increase 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
11 of 12 morbidity
13 , 14 including
14 including 15 lack
14 including 18 to
14 including 26 ,
15 lack 16 of
16 of 17 access
18 to 21 or
19 medical 20 care
20 care 21 or
21 or 23 assistance
21 or 25 equipment
22 inadequate 23 assistance
24 , 25 equipment
25 equipment 26 ,
26 , 27 or
27 or 28 services

to evaluate risks of morbidity in this group , we conducted a systematic review focused on two important and prevalent conditions : cardiovascular disease ( cvd [ )(and osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 to 2 evaluate
2 evaluate 3 risks
3 risks 4 of
3 risks 6 in
4 of 5 morbidity
6 in 8 group
7 this 8 group
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 conducted
9 , 22 :
10 we 11 conducted
11 conducted 14 review
11 conducted 16 on
12 a 13 systematic
12 a 14 review
13 systematic 14 review
14 review 15 focused
16 on 21 conditions
17 two 21 conditions
18 important 19 and
19 and 20 prevalent
19 and 21 conditions
22 : 24 disease
23 cardiovascular 24 disease
24 disease 28 )(and
25 ( 28 )(and
26 cvd 28 )(and
28 )(and 29 osteoporosis
28 )(and 30 .

medline was searched for reports published between january 1 , 1990 and [august] 6 , 2010 and additional studies were identified through searches of bibliographies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 medline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 medline 2 was
2 was 3 searched
3 searched 4 for
4 for 5 reports
5 reports 6 published
5 reports 7 between
5 reports 12 and
7 between 8 january
8 january 9 1
10 , 12 and
11 1990 12 and
12 and 14 6
12 and 15 ,
15 , 16 2010
15 , 17 and
17 and 19 studies
17 and 21 identified
18 additional 19 studies
19 studies 20 were
20 were 21 identified
21 identified 22 through
22 through 23 searches
23 searches 24 of
24 of 25 bibliographies

articles meeting inclusion criteria were then critically appraised to exclude poor quality studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 appraised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 articles 2 meeting
1 articles 5 were
2 meeting 4 criteria
3 inclusion 4 criteria
5 were 6 then
5 were 8 appraised
7 critically 8 appraised
8 appraised 9 to
9 to 10 exclude
10 exclude 13 studies
11 poor 12 quality
12 quality 13 studies

in seven articles that evaluated cvd outcomes , we found limited evidence to support an increased risk of prevalence of cvd or risk factors for cvd in women aging with physical disabilities compared to [non] - disabled control populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 or
1 in 3 articles
1 in 4 that
2 seven 3 articles
4 that 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 7 outcomes
6 cvd 7 outcomes
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 found
9 we 10 found
10 found 12 evidence
10 found 13 to
11 limited 12 evidence
13 to 22 or
14 support 17 risk
14 support 22 or
15 an 17 risk
16 increased 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
17 risk 20 of
18 of 19 prevalence
20 of 21 cvd
22 or 23 risk
23 risk 24 factors
24 factors 25 for
24 factors 39 populations
25 for 26 cvd
26 cvd 27 in
26 cvd 29 aging
26 cvd 34 to
27 in 28 women
29 aging 30 with
29 aging 33 compared
30 with 32 disabilities
31 physical 32 disabilities
33 compared 34 to
36 - 39 populations
37 disabled 38 control
38 control 39 populations
39 populations 40 .

the literature is limited by small sample sizes that reduced statistical power to detect true differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 literature
2 literature 3 is
3 is 4 limited
4 limited 5 by
4 limited 13 to
4 limited 14 detect
5 by 8 sizes
6 small 7 sample
7 sample 8 sizes
8 sizes 9 that
8 sizes 10 reduced
9 that 10 reduced
10 reduced 12 power
11 statistical 12 power
13 to 14 detect
14 detect 16 differences
15 true 16 differences

no articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified to evaluate osteoporosis risk in this group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 no 2 articles
2 articles 3 meeting
2 articles 6 were
3 meeting 5 criteria
4 inclusion 5 criteria
6 were 7 identified
7 identified 8 to
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 risk
9 evaluate 12 in
10 osteoporosis 11 risk
12 in 14 group
13 this 14 group

this review is limited by the narrow focus on physical disabilities and two health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 is
3 is 4 limited
4 limited 5 by
4 limited 9 on
5 by 8 focus
6 the 8 focus
7 narrow 8 focus
9 on 12 and
10 physical 11 disabilities
11 disabilities 12 and
12 and 15 outcomes
13 two 15 outcomes
14 health 15 outcomes

additional high quality empirical research is necessary to understand the risks to health of women aging with disabilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 additional 3 quality
2 high 3 quality
3 quality 5 research
4 empirical 5 research
5 research 6 is
6 is 7 necessary
7 necessary 8 to
7 necessary 9 understand
8 to 9 understand
9 understand 11 risks
9 understand 12 to
10 the 11 risks
12 to 13 health
13 health 14 of
13 health 16 aging
14 of 15 women
16 aging 17 with
17 with 18 disabilities

striatal degeneration may contribute to cognitive impairment in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 striatal 2 degeneration
2 degeneration 3 may
3 may 4 contribute
4 contribute 5 to
4 contribute 8 in
5 to 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
8 in 10 people
9 older 10 people

here , we examine the relation of degeneration of the striatum and substructures to cognitive decline [and] dementia in subjects with a wide range [of] cognitive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 12 and
4 examine 6 relation
4 examine 12 and
5 the 6 relation
6 relation 7 of
6 relation 9 of
7 of 8 degeneration
9 of 11 striatum
10 the 11 striatum
12 and 13 substructures
13 substructures 14 to
13 substructures 19 in
13 substructures 21 with
14 to 18 dementia
15 cognitive 16 decline
16 decline 18 dementia
19 in 20 subjects
21 with 27 function
22 a 23 wide
22 a 27 function
23 wide 24 range
24 range 27 function
26 cognitive 27 function

data are from the prospective community - based honolulu asia aging study of japanese american men born 1900 - 1919 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 data 2 are
2 are 3 from
3 from 6 community
4 the 6 community
5 prospective 6 community
7 - 12 study
8 based 12 study
9 honolulu 10 asia
10 asia 11 aging
11 aging 12 study
12 study 13 of
13 of 16 men
14 japanese 16 men
15 american 16 men
16 men 17 born
17 born 19 -
18 1900 19 -
19 - 20 1919

volumes of the striatum , including the accumbens , putamen , and caudate nucleus were automatically estimated from t1 mr images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 volumes 2 of
1 volumes 12 and
2 of 4 striatum
3 the 4 striatum
4 striatum 6 including
4 striatum 10 putamen
5 , 6 including
6 including 8 accumbens
6 including 9 ,
7 the 8 accumbens
9 , 10 putamen
10 putamen 11 ,
12 and 14 nucleus
12 and 15 were
13 caudate 14 nucleus
15 were 17 estimated
16 automatically 17 estimated
17 estimated 18 from
18 from 21 images
19 t1 20 mr
20 mr 21 images

global [cognitive] [function] was measured with the cognitive ability screening instrument ( casi ) , at four examinations spanning an 8 [-] year interval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 global
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
1 global 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 with
6 with 11 instrument
7 the 11 instrument
8 cognitive 9 ability
9 ability 11 instrument
10 screening 11 instrument
11 instrument 13 casi
11 instrument 16 at
12 ( 13 casi
13 casi 14 )
15 , 16 at
16 at 18 examinations
16 at 25 .
17 four 18 examinations
18 examinations 19 spanning
19 spanning 24 interval
20 an 24 interval
21 8 23 year
23 year 24 interval

trajectories of cognitive decline were [estimated] for each quartile of striatal volume using mixed models , controlling for demographic variables , measures of cerebro - vascular damage , global brain atrophy , and hippocampal volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trajectories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
1 trajectories 2 of
1 trajectories 5 were
2 of 4 decline
3 cognitive 4 decline
5 were 7 for
7 for 9 quartile
8 each 9 quartile
9 quartile 10 of
9 quartile 13 using
10 of 12 volume
11 striatal 12 volume
13 using 15 models
13 using 17 controlling
14 mixed 15 models
16 , 17 controlling
17 controlling 18 for
17 controlling 20 variables
17 controlling 25 -
18 for 19 demographic
21 , 25 -
22 measures 23 of
22 measures 25 -
23 of 24 cerebro
25 - 33 and
25 - 36 .
26 vascular 27 damage
27 damage 28 ,
28 , 31 atrophy
28 , 33 and
29 global 30 brain
30 brain 31 atrophy
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 volume
34 hippocampal 35 volume

diagnosis of dementia before , [during] [,] and after brain scanning was associated with smaller volumes of [n] [.] accumbens and putamen , but not with caudate nucleus volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 diagnosis 2 of
1 diagnosis 12 was
2 of 3 dementia
3 dementia 8 and
4 before 8 and
5 , 8 and
8 and 9 after
9 after 10 brain
10 brain 11 scanning
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 24 but
14 with 16 volumes
14 with 24 but
15 smaller 16 volumes
16 volumes 17 of
17 of 21 and
20 accumbens 21 and
21 and 22 putamen
21 and 23 ,
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 with
26 with 29 volume
27 caudate 28 nucleus
28 nucleus 29 volume

subjects in the lowest quartile [of] [n] . accumbens volume , both in the total sample and [in] the subjects not diagnosed with dementia during the study , had a [significantly] ( p < 0.0001 ) steeper decline in cognitive performance compared with those in the highest quartile [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 subjects 2 in
1 subjects 5 quartile
2 in 4 lowest
3 the 4 lowest
8 . 10 volume
8 . 11 ,
9 accumbens 10 volume
11 , 17 and
12 both 13 in
12 both 17 and
13 in 16 sample
14 the 16 sample
15 total 16 sample
17 and 20 subjects
17 and 28 ,
17 and 29 had
19 the 20 subjects
20 subjects 21 not
20 subjects 25 during
21 not 22 diagnosed
22 diagnosed 23 with
23 with 24 dementia
25 during 27 study
26 the 27 study
29 had 34 <
29 had 38 decline
30 a 34 <
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.0001
34 < 36 )
37 steeper 38 decline
38 decline 39 in
38 decline 42 compared
39 in 41 performance
40 cognitive 41 performance
42 compared 43 with
42 compared 48 quartile
43 with 44 those
44 those 45 in
45 in 47 highest
46 the 47 highest

in conclusion , volumes of the [n] [.] accumbens and putamen are closely associated with the occurrence of dementia and [n] ..y accumbens volume predicts [cognitive] decline in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 4 volumes
3 , 10 and
4 volumes 5 of
5 of 9 accumbens
6 the 9 accumbens
10 and 11 putamen
10 and 12 are
12 are 13 closely
12 are 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 17 occurrence
16 the 17 occurrence
17 occurrence 18 of
18 of 19 dementia
20 and 22 ..y
20 and 27 decline
22 ..y 23 accumbens
23 accumbens 24 volume
23 accumbens 25 predicts
23 accumbens 27 decline
24 volume 25 predicts
27 decline 28 in
28 in 30 people
29 older 30 people

these associations were found independent of the magnitude of other pivotal markers of cognitive [decline] , i.e [.] cerebro - vascular damage and hippocampal volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 associations
2 associations 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 23 and
5 independent 6 of
5 independent 23 and
6 of 8 magnitude
7 the 8 magnitude
8 magnitude 9 of
9 of 12 markers
10 other 12 markers
11 pivotal 12 markers
12 markers 13 of
13 of 22 damage
14 cognitive 16 ,
14 cognitive 22 damage
17 i.e 22 damage
19 cerebro 20 -
19 cerebro 22 damage
21 vascular 22 damage
23 and 25 volume
24 hippocampal 25 volume

the present study suggests a role for the ventral striatum in the development of clinical dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 suggests
4 suggests 6 role
4 suggests 11 in
5 a 6 role
6 role 7 for
7 for 10 striatum
8 the 10 striatum
9 ventral 10 striatum
11 in 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 16 dementia
15 clinical 16 dementia

background : in terms of prognosis [,] large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ( lcnec ) differs distinctively from other [non] [-] small cell lung cancers , with the prognosis of lcnec being poor , even for early - stage disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 carcinoma
2 : 15 differs
3 in 4 terms
3 in 11 carcinoma
4 terms 5 of
5 of 10 neuroendocrine
6 prognosis 10 neuroendocrine
8 large 9 cell
9 cell 10 neuroendocrine
11 carcinoma 13 lcnec
11 carcinoma 15 differs
12 ( 13 lcnec
13 lcnec 14 )
15 differs 16 distinctively
15 differs 17 from
15 differs 26 with
17 from 24 cancers
18 other 24 cancers
21 small 22 cell
22 cell 24 cancers
23 lung 24 cancers
25 , 26 with
26 with 28 prognosis
26 with 40 .
27 the 28 prognosis
28 prognosis 29 of
29 of 30 lcnec
30 lcnec 31 being
31 being 32 poor
32 poor 35 for
33 , 34 even
33 , 35 for
35 for 39 disease
35 for 40 .
36 early 37 -
36 early 39 disease
38 stage 39 disease

improvements in survival require a biomarker capable of defining a subset of patients destined to do poorly so that these patients can be targeted for additional therapies , including chemotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 do
1 improvements 2 in
1 improvements 4 require
2 in 3 survival
4 require 6 biomarker
5 a 6 biomarker
6 biomarker 7 capable
7 capable 8 of
8 of 9 defining
9 defining 11 subset
10 a 11 subset
11 subset 12 of
11 subset 14 destined
12 of 13 patients
14 destined 15 to
15 to 16 do
16 do 17 poorly
16 do 19 that
18 so 19 that
19 that 21 patients
19 that 24 targeted
20 these 21 patients
21 patients 22 can
22 can 23 be
23 be 24 targeted
24 targeted 25 for
24 targeted 29 including
25 for 27 therapies
26 additional 27 therapies
28 , 29 including
29 including 30 chemotherapy
29 including 31 .

in this study , we focused on the klotho gene , which is an anti - aging gene known to be a potential tumor suppressor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
7 on 10 gene
8 the 10 gene
9 klotho 10 gene
11 , 12 which
11 , 13 is
12 which 13 is
13 is 18 gene
14 an 18 gene
15 anti 16 -
15 anti 18 gene
17 aging 18 gene
18 gene 19 known
19 known 20 to
19 known 21 be
20 to 21 be
21 be 25 suppressor
22 a 25 suppressor
23 potential 24 tumor
24 tumor 25 suppressor

we investigated whether the immunohistochemical expression of klotho can predict survival patients with resected lcnec . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 6 expression
3 whether 10 predict
4 the 6 expression
5 immunohistochemical 6 expression
6 expression 7 of
6 expression 9 can
7 of 8 klotho
9 can 10 predict
10 predict 12 patients
10 predict 13 with
11 survival 12 patients
13 with 15 lcnec
14 resected 15 lcnec

methods : the histological characteristics of patients receiving an initial diagnosis of lcnec ( n=30 ) at tokyo medical university hospital were retrospectively reviewed , and multiple variables including stage , lymphangioinvasion , lymph node status and the expression of klotho as identified using an immunohistochemical analysis , were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 characteristics
3 the 5 characteristics
4 histological 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 of
5 characteristics 8 receiving
5 characteristics 12 of
6 of 7 patients
8 receiving 11 diagnosis
9 an 11 diagnosis
10 initial 11 diagnosis
12 of 26 and
13 lcnec 15 n=30
13 lcnec 17 at
13 lcnec 24 reviewed
13 lcnec 26 and
14 ( 15 n=30
15 n=30 16 )
17 at 20 university
18 tokyo 19 medical
19 medical 20 university
20 university 21 hospital
20 university 22 were
21 hospital 22 were
22 were 23 retrospectively
25 , 26 and
26 and 30 stage
26 and 31 ,
27 multiple 28 variables
28 variables 30 stage
29 including 30 stage
31 , 32 lymphangioinvasion
31 , 33 ,
33 , 37 and
33 , 50 assessed
34 lymph 36 status
35 node 36 status
36 status 37 and
37 and 39 expression
37 and 48 ,
37 and 49 were
38 the 39 expression
39 expression 40 of
39 expression 44 using
40 of 41 klotho
41 klotho 43 identified
42 as 43 identified
44 using 47 analysis
45 an 46 immunohistochemical
45 an 47 analysis
46 immunohistochemical 47 analysis
49 were 50 assessed

results : immunostaining for klotho was mostly cytoplasmic , and klotho expression was seen in 10 patients ( 33.3 % ) but not in 20 patients ( 66.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 immunostaining
2 : 6 was
2 : 10 and
2 : 31 .
3 immunostaining 4 for
3 immunostaining 6 was
4 for 5 klotho
6 was 8 cytoplasmic
7 mostly 8 cytoplasmic
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 expression
10 and 14 seen
11 klotho 12 expression
12 expression 13 was
13 was 14 seen
14 seen 22 but
15 in 17 patients
15 in 22 but
16 10 17 patients
17 patients 20 %
18 ( 20 %
19 33.3 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 but 23 not
22 but 24 in
24 in 26 patients
25 20 26 patients
26 patients 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 66.7 29 %
29 % 30 )

the expression of klotho was significantly associated with a good outcome of resected patients with lcnec and klotho [(] [-] [ )(was associated with increased lcnec risk by multivariate analysis ( hazard ratio 4.92 , 95 % confidence interval 1.04 - 23.24 , p=0.044 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 5 was
3 of 4 klotho
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 outcome
8 with 15 with
9 a 10 good
9 a 11 outcome
10 good 11 outcome
11 outcome 12 of
12 of 14 patients
13 resected 14 patients
15 with 16 lcnec
17 and 18 klotho
17 and 23 associated
18 klotho 22 )(was
22 )(was 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 risk
24 with 28 by
25 increased 27 risk
26 lcnec 27 risk
28 by 30 analysis
29 multivariate 30 analysis
30 analysis 33 ratio
30 analysis 39 interval
30 analysis 44 p=0.044
31 ( 33 ratio
32 hazard 33 ratio
33 ratio 34 4.92
33 ratio 35 ,
35 , 39 interval
36 95 39 interval
37 % 38 confidence
38 confidence 39 interval
39 interval 41 -
39 interval 43 ,
40 1.04 41 -
41 - 42 23.24
43 , 44 p=0.044
44 p=0.044 45 )

neither lymph node status nor lymphangioinvasion were significantly associated with a poor survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 neither 5 nor
2 lymph 4 status
3 node 4 status
4 status 5 nor
5 nor 6 lymphangioinvasion
5 nor 7 were
7 were 9 associated
8 significantly 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 survival
11 a 12 poor
11 a 13 survival
12 poor 13 survival

however , among patients without lymph node metastasis or angioinvasion , the survival benefit of klotho expression in the primary tumor was significantly higher , compared with that of patients without klotho expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 14 benefit
2 , 3 among
3 among 9 or
3 among 11 ,
3 among 14 benefit
4 patients 5 without
4 patients 9 or
5 without 8 metastasis
6 lymph 7 node
7 node 8 metastasis
9 or 10 angioinvasion
12 the 14 benefit
13 survival 14 benefit
14 benefit 15 of
14 benefit 25 ,
15 of 17 expression
16 klotho 17 expression
17 expression 18 in
18 in 21 tumor
19 the 21 tumor
20 primary 21 tumor
22 was 23 significantly
22 was 24 higher
22 was 25 ,
25 , 26 compared
25 , 27 with
25 , 31 without
25 , 33 expression
27 with 28 that
28 that 29 of
29 of 30 patients
31 without 32 klotho

conclusion : klotho staining provides a new biomarker for a good outcome in patients with lcnec , especially among patients without lymph node metastasis or lymphangioinvasion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 klotho
2 : 5 provides
3 klotho 4 staining
3 klotho 5 provides
5 provides 8 biomarker
6 a 7 new
6 a 8 biomarker
7 new 8 biomarker
8 biomarker 9 for
8 biomarker 13 in
8 biomarker 15 with
9 for 12 outcome
10 a 11 good
10 a 12 outcome
11 good 12 outcome
13 in 14 patients
15 with 16 lcnec
16 lcnec 19 among
17 , 18 especially
17 , 19 among
19 among 25 or
19 among 27 .
20 patients 21 without
20 patients 25 or
21 without 24 metastasis
22 lymph 24 metastasis
23 node 24 metastasis
25 or 26 lymphangioinvasion

reduced executive function and physical performance are common age [-] related conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 reduced 3 function
2 executive 3 function
4 and 6 performance
4 and 7 are
5 physical 6 performance
6 performance 7 are
7 are 12 conditions
8 common 9 age
9 age 11 related
11 related 12 conditions

this study evaluated the associations between executive [function] and physical performance in a representative sample of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 5 associations
3 evaluated 6 between
3 evaluated 12 in
4 the 5 associations
6 between 11 performance
7 executive 9 and
9 and 10 physical
9 and 11 performance
12 in 15 sample
13 a 14 representative
13 a 15 sample
14 representative 15 sample
15 sample 16 of
16 of 18 adults
17 older 18 adults

cross - sectional data [were] analyzed from a population - based sample [of] 629 men and women aged 65 or older and living in one typical city in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 cross 4 data
1 cross 11 based
1 cross 22 and
2 - 4 data
3 sectional 4 data
4 data 6 analyzed
4 data 10 -
6 analyzed 7 from
7 from 9 population
8 a 9 population
11 based 20 or
12 sample 15 men
14 629 15 men
15 men 16 and
16 and 17 women
16 and 20 or
17 women 18 aged
18 aged 19 65
20 or 21 older
22 and 23 living
22 and 24 in
24 in 27 city
25 one 27 city
26 typical 27 city
27 city 28 in
28 in 29 korea

specific aspects of executive [function] were assessed using the trail making test , digit span test , and lexical fluency test to measure set shifting , working memory and cognitive flexibility functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 specific
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 specific 6 were
1 specific 8 using
2 aspects 3 of
2 aspects 6 were
3 of 4 executive
6 were 7 assessed
8 using 18 and
8 using 22 to
9 the 12 test
10 trail 12 test
11 making 12 test
12 test 13 ,
13 , 16 test
13 , 18 and
14 digit 15 span
15 span 16 test
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 test
19 lexical 20 fluency
20 fluency 21 test
22 to 23 measure
23 measure 24 set
24 set 25 shifting
26 , 28 memory
26 , 29 and
27 working 28 memory
29 and 31 flexibility
29 and 32 functions
30 cognitive 31 flexibility
31 flexibility 32 functions

physical performance was measured using performance - oriented mobility assessment ( poma ) scores and isokinetic muscle strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 physical 2 performance
1 physical 3 was
1 physical 4 measured
2 performance 3 was
4 measured 5 using
4 measured 15 and
5 using 6 performance
6 performance 10 assessment
7 - 10 assessment
8 oriented 9 mobility
9 mobility 10 assessment
10 assessment 12 poma
10 assessment 13 )
11 ( 12 poma
12 poma 13 )
14 scores 15 and
15 and 18 strength
16 isokinetic 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 strength

subjects ' self - efficacy was also assessed using the activities - specific balance confidence ( abc ) scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 subjects 2 '
2 ' 3 self
4 - 5 efficacy
4 - 6 was
4 - 20 .
5 efficacy 6 was
6 was 7 also
6 was 9 using
8 assessed 9 using
9 using 11 activities
9 using 19 scale
10 the 11 activities
11 activities 15 confidence
11 activities 19 scale
12 - 15 confidence
13 specific 14 balance
14 balance 15 confidence
15 confidence 17 abc
15 confidence 18 )
16 ( 17 abc
17 abc 18 )

results of the lexical fluency test were associated with poma scores and muscle strength , independent of age , gender , education , comorbidity , physical activity status , depression , and global cognition , suggesting that reduced cognitive flexibility is associated with reduced physical performance and muscle strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 results 2 of
1 results 12 and
2 of 6 test
3 the 6 test
4 lexical 6 test
5 fluency 6 test
7 were 8 associated
7 were 12 and
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 scores
10 poma 11 scores
12 and 13 muscle
12 and 14 strength
15 , 32 and
15 , 47 and
16 independent 17 of
16 independent 32 and
17 of 18 age
18 age 20 gender
18 age 22 education
18 age 24 comorbidity
19 , 20 gender
20 gender 21 ,
21 , 22 education
22 education 23 ,
23 , 24 comorbidity
24 comorbidity 28 status
24 comorbidity 31 ,
25 , 28 status
26 physical 27 activity
27 activity 28 status
28 status 30 depression
28 status 31 ,
29 , 30 depression
30 depression 31 ,
32 and 34 cognition
32 and 35 ,
32 and 36 suggesting
32 and 47 and
33 global 34 cognition
36 suggesting 37 that
37 that 40 flexibility
37 that 41 is
38 reduced 40 flexibility
39 cognitive 40 flexibility
40 flexibility 41 is
42 associated 43 with
42 associated 47 and
43 with 46 performance
44 reduced 46 performance
45 physical 46 performance
47 and 48 muscle
48 muscle 49 strength

self - efficacy was also independently associated with physical performance and muscle strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 self 2 -
1 self 3 efficacy
3 efficacy 4 was
4 was 5 also
4 was 7 associated
6 independently 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 and
9 physical 10 performance
10 performance 11 and
11 and 13 strength
12 muscle 13 strength

clinicians need to consider the association between executive [function] and physical performance when working to improve physical functioning in an aged population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 clinicians 2 need
2 need 3 to
2 need 15 to
2 need 16 improve
3 to 4 consider
4 consider 6 association
4 consider 7 between
4 consider 13 when
5 the 6 association
7 between 12 performance
8 executive 10 and
10 and 11 physical
10 and 12 performance
13 when 14 working
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 18 functioning
17 physical 18 functioning
18 functioning 19 in
19 in 22 population
20 an 21 aged
20 an 22 population
21 aged 22 population

the considerable growth in the elderly population in turkey has brought with it problems as well as concerns regarding gerontological education for health care professionals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 brought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 growth
2 considerable 3 growth
3 growth 4 in
3 growth 10 has
4 in 7 population
5 the 7 population
6 elderly 7 population
7 population 8 in
8 in 9 turkey
10 has 11 brought
11 brought 12 with
11 brought 14 problems
12 with 13 it
14 problems 17 as
14 problems 19 regarding
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 18 concerns
19 regarding 21 education
19 regarding 22 for
20 gerontological 21 education
22 for 25 professionals
23 health 25 professionals
24 care 25 professionals

the quality of care provided for older people is directly related to the attitudes of health care professionals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 quality
2 quality 3 of
2 quality 9 is
3 of 4 care
4 care 5 provided
5 provided 6 for
6 for 8 people
7 older 8 people
9 is 11 related
10 directly 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 14 attitudes
13 the 14 attitudes
14 attitudes 15 of
15 of 18 professionals
16 health 18 professionals
17 care 18 professionals

validated instruments are needed in order to study attitudes toward old people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 validated 2 instruments
2 instruments 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 in
5 in 6 order
6 order 7 to
6 order 8 study
7 to 8 study
8 study 9 attitudes
8 study 10 toward
10 toward 12 people
11 old 12 people

aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a turkish version of kaop among faculty [of] health sciences ( health management , nutrition and dietetics , nursing , physical therapy , social workers and sports ) students ( n=594 ) [at] [a] [university] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 aim 2 of
1 aim 5 was
2 of 4 study
3 this 4 study
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 10 and
7 assess 18 among
8 the 9 reliability
9 reliability 10 and
10 and 11 validity
10 and 16 of
11 validity 12 of
12 of 15 version
13 a 15 version
14 turkish 15 version
16 of 17 kaop
18 among 22 sciences
19 faculty 22 sciences
21 health 22 sciences
22 sciences 25 management
22 sciences 28 and
23 ( 25 management
24 health 25 management
25 management 26 ,
26 , 28 and
27 nutrition 28 and
28 and 41 students
28 and 43 n=594
28 and 44 )
29 dietetics 30 ,
30 , 31 nursing
30 , 32 ,
32 , 34 therapy
32 , 35 ,
33 physical 34 therapy
35 , 37 workers
35 , 38 and
36 social 37 workers
38 and 39 sports
38 and 40 )
38 and 41 students
42 ( 43 n=594
43 n=594 44 )

the scale was translated using the back - translation technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 translated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 scale
2 scale 3 was
3 was 4 translated
4 translated 5 using
5 using 7 back
6 the 7 back
8 - 10 technique
9 translation 10 technique

a [two] - phase data collection design was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 a 3 -
3 - 7 design
4 phase 7 design
5 data 7 design
6 collection 7 design
7 design 8 was
8 was 9 used

four weeks following [the] first completion , another kaop form was given . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 completion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 four 2 weeks
2 weeks 3 following
3 following 6 completion
5 first 6 completion
7 , 10 form
7 , 12 given
8 another 10 form
9 kaop 10 form
10 form 11 was
11 was 12 given

content validity , construct validity , internal consistency , and stability reliability were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 content 2 validity
2 validity 3 ,
3 , 5 validity
3 , 6 ,
4 construct 5 validity
6 , 8 consistency
6 , 10 and
7 internal 8 consistency
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 reliability
10 and 13 were
11 stability 12 reliability
13 were 14 assessed

scores were between 86 and 175 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 scores 2 were
2 were 3 between
3 between 5 and
4 86 5 and
5 and 6 175

the study sample reported slightly positive attitudes ( 132.9 ± 14.74 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 sample
2 study 3 sample
3 sample 4 reported
4 reported 7 attitudes
5 slightly 6 positive
6 positive 7 attitudes
7 attitudes 10 ±
8 ( 10 ±
9 132.9 10 ±
10 ± 11 14.74
10 ± 12 )

all of the 34 items were found to have significant [item] - [to] [-] total correlations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 items
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 5 items
2 of 5 items
3 the 4 34
4 34 5 items
5 items 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 to
8 to 9 have
9 have 16 correlations
10 significant 12 -
10 significant 16 correlations
15 total 16 correlations

the content validity index was 0.94 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 4 index
2 content 3 validity
3 validity 4 index
4 index 5 was
5 was 6 0.94

the cronbach 's alpha was 0.84 for the total scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 alpha
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 cronbach
2 cronbach 3 's
3 's 4 alpha
4 alpha 5 was
5 was 6 0.84
6 0.84 7 for
7 for 10 scale
8 the 10 scale
9 total 10 scale

the turkish version of the kaop can be considered reliable and valid scale for assessing the attitudes toward older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 version
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 version
2 turkish 3 version
3 version 4 of
3 version 7 can
4 of 6 kaop
5 the 6 kaop
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 considered
9 considered 11 and
10 reliable 11 and
11 and 13 scale
11 and 14 for
12 valid 13 scale
14 for 15 assessing
15 assessing 17 attitudes
15 assessing 18 toward
16 the 17 attitudes
18 toward 20 people
19 older 20 people

the aim of the study was to examine the external knee adduction moments in a group of older and younger adults while descending stairs and thus the possibility of an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis due to altered knee joint loading in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 13 moments
8 examine 14 in
8 examine 22 while
8 examine 37 to
9 the 13 moments
10 external 11 knee
11 knee 12 adduction
12 adduction 13 moments
14 in 21 adults
15 a 16 group
16 group 17 of
16 group 21 adults
17 of 21 adults
18 older 19 and
19 and 20 younger
19 and 21 adults
22 while 23 descending
23 descending 25 and
24 stairs 25 and
25 and 26 thus
25 and 28 possibility
27 the 28 possibility
28 possibility 29 of
29 of 32 risk
30 an 32 risk
31 increased 32 risk
32 risk 33 of
33 of 35 osteoarthritis
34 knee 35 osteoarthritis
36 due 37 to
37 to 41 loading
38 altered 41 loading
39 knee 40 joint
40 joint 41 loading
41 loading 42 in
42 in 44 elderly
43 the 44 elderly

twenty - seven older and [16] younger adults descended a purpose - built staircase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 descended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 seven
2 - 4 older
4 older 5 and
5 and 7 younger
5 and 8 adults
8 adults 9 descended
9 descended 11 purpose
10 a 11 purpose
12 - 14 staircase
12 - 15 .
13 built 14 staircase

a motion capture system and a force plate were used to determine the subjects ' 3 d kinematics and ground reaction forces ( grf ) during locomotion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 motion
1 a 4 system
2 motion 4 system
3 capture 4 system
4 system 5 and
5 and 8 plate
5 and 19 and
6 a 7 force
6 a 8 plate
7 force 8 plate
9 were 10 used
9 were 19 and
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 determine
11 to 12 determine
12 determine 18 kinematics
13 the 14 subjects
14 subjects 15 '
15 ' 18 kinematics
16 3 17 d
17 d 18 kinematics
19 and 20 ground
19 and 22 forces
19 and 26 during
21 reaction 22 forces
22 forces 24 grf
23 ( 24 grf
24 grf 25 )
26 during 27 locomotion

calculation of the leg kinematics and kinetics was done by means of a rigid , three - segment , 3 d leg model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 calculation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 calculation 2 of
1 calculation 8 was
2 of 4 leg
3 the 4 leg
4 leg 6 and
5 kinematics 6 and
6 and 7 kinetics
8 was 9 done
9 done 10 by
10 by 11 means
11 means 12 of
12 of 18 segment
13 a 14 rigid
13 a 18 segment
14 rigid 16 three
14 rigid 18 segment
15 , 16 three
16 three 17 -
19 , 23 model
20 3 21 d
21 d 23 model
22 leg 23 model

in the initial portion of the support phase , older adults showed a more medio - posterior grf vector relative to the ankle joint , leading to lower ankle joint moments ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 4 portion
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 adults
2 the 4 portion
3 initial 4 portion
4 portion 5 of
5 of 8 phase
6 the 8 phase
7 support 8 phase
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 showed
12 showed 19 vector
13 a 19 vector
14 more 15 medio
15 medio 16 -
15 medio 17 posterior
17 posterior 19 vector
18 grf 19 vector
19 vector 20 relative
19 vector 26 leading
20 relative 21 to
21 to 24 joint
22 the 24 joint
23 ankle 24 joint
25 , 26 leading
26 leading 27 to
26 leading 34 )
27 to 28 lower
28 lower 31 moments
29 ankle 31 moments
30 joint 31 moments
31 moments 33 p<0.05
32 ( 33 p<0.05
33 p<0.05 34 )

at the knee , the older adults demonstrated a more medio - posterior directed grf vector , increasing in knee flexion and adduction in the second part of the single support phase ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 at 3 knee
1 at 4 ,
1 at 7 adults
2 the 3 knee
5 the 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 16 vector
8 demonstrated 18 increasing
9 a 16 vector
10 more 11 medio
11 medio 12 -
11 medio 16 vector
13 posterior 16 vector
14 directed 16 vector
15 grf 16 vector
17 , 18 increasing
18 increasing 19 in
18 increasing 24 in
18 increasing 35 )
19 in 22 and
20 knee 21 flexion
21 flexion 22 and
22 and 23 adduction
24 in 27 part
25 the 27 part
26 second 27 part
27 part 28 of
28 of 32 phase
29 the 32 phase
30 single 31 support
31 support 32 phase
32 phase 34 p<0.05
33 ( 34 p<0.05
34 p<0.05 35 )

further , grf magnitude was lower in the initial and higher in the mid - portions of the support phase for the elderly ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 magnitude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 magnitude
3 grf 4 magnitude
4 magnitude 5 was
5 was 6 lower
6 lower 7 in
7 in 20 phase
8 the 20 phase
9 initial 10 and
10 and 11 higher
10 and 20 phase
11 higher 12 in
12 in 16 portions
13 the 16 portions
14 mid 15 -
14 mid 16 portions
16 portions 17 of
17 of 19 support
18 the 19 support
20 phase 21 for
20 phase 25 p<0.05
21 for 23 elderly
22 the 23 elderly
24 ( 25 p<0.05
25 p<0.05 26 )

the results show that older adults descend stairs by using the trailing leg before the initiation of the double support phase more compared to the younger ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 adults
4 that 7 descend
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 descend
7 descend 8 stairs
7 descend 9 by
7 descend 14 before
7 descend 24 to
9 by 10 using
10 using 13 leg
11 the 13 leg
12 trailing 13 leg
14 before 16 initiation
15 the 16 initiation
16 initiation 17 of
16 initiation 22 more
16 initiation 23 compared
17 of 21 phase
18 the 21 phase
19 double 20 support
20 support 21 phase
22 more 23 compared
24 to 27 ones
25 the 27 ones
26 younger 27 ones

the consequence of this altered control strategy while stepping down is a more medially directed grf vector increasing the magnitude of external knee adduction [moment] in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consequence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 consequence
2 consequence 3 of
2 consequence 5 altered
3 of 4 this
5 altered 7 strategy
5 altered 8 while
5 altered 26 in
6 control 7 strategy
8 while 9 stepping
8 while 11 is
9 stepping 10 down
9 stepping 11 is
11 is 17 vector
12 a 17 vector
13 more 14 medially
14 medially 15 directed
15 directed 17 vector
16 grf 17 vector
17 vector 18 increasing
18 increasing 24 adduction
19 the 20 magnitude
20 magnitude 21 of
20 magnitude 24 adduction
21 of 24 adduction
22 external 23 knee
23 knee 24 adduction
26 in 28 elderly
27 the 28 elderly

the observed changes between leading and trailing leg in the elderly may cause a redistribution of the mechanical load at the tibiofemoral joint , [affecting] the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 changes
2 observed 3 changes
3 changes 4 between
3 changes 6 and
4 between 5 leading
6 and 8 leg
6 and 9 in
6 and 12 may
7 trailing 8 leg
9 in 11 elderly
10 the 11 elderly
12 may 13 cause
13 cause 28 and
13 cause 33 in
14 a 28 and
15 redistribution 16 of
15 redistribution 24 ,
16 of 19 load
17 the 19 load
18 mechanical 19 load
19 load 20 at
20 at 23 joint
21 the 23 joint
22 tibiofemoral 23 joint
24 , 27 initiation
24 , 28 and
26 the 27 initiation
28 and 29 progression
28 and 30 of
30 of 32 osteoarthritis
31 knee 32 osteoarthritis
33 in 35 elderly
34 the 35 elderly

the cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as ['] age - related cognitive decline ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 the 3 changes
2 cognitive 3 changes
3 changes 4 that
3 changes 5 occur
3 changes 8 are
4 that 5 occur
5 occur 6 with
6 with 7 ageing
8 are 11 to
9 usually 11 to
10 referred 11 to
11 to 12 as
12 as 14 age
15 - 18 decline
15 - 20 .
16 related 18 decline
17 cognitive 18 decline

the most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 changes
2 most 3 pronounced
3 pronounced 4 changes
4 changes 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 11 functions
9 the 11 functions
10 executive 11 functions
11 functions 12 that
11 functions 13 require
12 that 13 require
13 require 14 integrity
14 integrity 15 of
15 of 19 circuitry
16 the 19 circuitry
17 prefrontal 19 circuitry
18 cortical 19 circuitry

with age , sleep also changes profoundly , with more sleep fragmentation , earlier awakenings and less slow wave sleep as its main features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sleep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 with 2 age
1 with 3 ,
1 with 4 sleep
4 sleep 6 changes
5 also 6 changes
6 changes 7 profoundly
6 changes 9 with
8 , 9 with
9 with 12 fragmentation
9 with 13 ,
10 more 12 fragmentation
11 sleep 12 fragmentation
13 , 16 and
13 , 20 sleep
14 earlier 15 awakenings
15 awakenings 16 and
16 and 19 wave
16 and 20 sleep
17 less 18 slow
18 slow 19 wave
20 sleep 21 as
21 as 24 features
22 its 23 main
22 its 24 features

interestingly , experimental sleep deprivation studies in healthy young adults showed a particularly consistent effect on executive functions , suggesting that sleep problems might contribute to the cognitive changes accompanying older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 6 studies
3 experimental 6 studies
4 sleep 5 deprivation
5 deprivation 6 studies
6 studies 7 in
6 studies 11 showed
7 in 10 adults
8 healthy 10 adults
9 young 10 adults
11 showed 15 effect
12 a 15 effect
13 particularly 14 consistent
14 consistent 15 effect
15 effect 16 on
16 on 18 functions
17 executive 18 functions
18 functions 20 suggesting
19 , 20 suggesting
20 suggesting 21 that
20 suggesting 33 .
21 that 23 problems
21 that 25 contribute
22 sleep 23 problems
23 problems 24 might
24 might 25 contribute
25 contribute 26 to
26 to 29 changes
27 the 29 changes
28 cognitive 29 changes
29 changes 30 accompanying
30 accompanying 32 age
31 older 32 age

it turned out that relatively few studies directly addressed the question [whether] elderly with different degrees of sleep complaints are differentially affected by ['] age - related cognitive decline ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 it 2 turned
2 turned 3 out
2 turned 7 studies
4 that 5 relatively
5 relatively 6 few
6 few 7 studies
7 studies 9 addressed
7 studies 11 question
7 studies 22 affected
8 directly 9 addressed
10 the 11 question
11 question 13 elderly
11 question 22 affected
13 elderly 14 with
13 elderly 21 differentially
14 with 18 sleep
15 different 16 degrees
16 degrees 17 of
16 degrees 18 sleep
17 of 18 sleep
18 sleep 19 complaints
18 sleep 20 are
19 complaints 20 are
22 affected 23 by
23 by 25 age
26 - 29 decline
26 - 31 .
27 related 29 decline
28 cognitive 29 decline

still , several similarities between age - related and insomnia - related cognitive and brain changes are apparent , notably with respect to performance requiring integrity of the prefrontal cortical system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
1 still 4 similarities
1 still 8 related
1 still 9 and
2 , 4 similarities
3 several 4 similarities
4 similarities 5 between
4 similarities 7 -
5 between 6 age
9 and 10 insomnia
9 and 17 are
11 - 12 related
12 related 14 and
12 related 17 are
13 cognitive 14 and
14 and 16 changes
15 brain 16 changes
17 are 18 apparent
18 apparent 21 with
19 , 20 notably
19 , 21 with
21 with 22 respect
21 with 32 .
22 respect 23 to
22 respect 25 requiring
23 to 24 performance
25 requiring 26 integrity
26 integrity 27 of
27 of 31 system
28 the 31 system
29 prefrontal 31 system
30 cortical 31 system

we suggest that at least part of what we regard as age - related changes may , in fact , be due to poor sleep , [which] is in some cases a treatable condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 6 part
3 that 26 ,
4 at 5 least
5 least 6 part
6 part 7 of
6 part 26 ,
7 of 8 what
8 what 9 we
8 what 10 regard
9 we 10 regard
10 regard 11 as
11 as 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 changes
14 related 16 may
16 may 21 be
16 may 26 ,
17 , 19 fact
18 in 19 fact
19 fact 20 ,
19 fact 21 be
21 be 22 due
22 due 23 to
23 to 25 sleep
24 poor 25 sleep
26 , 28 is
26 , 34 condition
28 is 29 in
29 in 31 cases
30 some 31 cases
32 a 34 condition
33 treatable 34 condition

further research directly comparing aged good sleepers versus aged insomniacs will need to elucidate [how] sleep disturbances are involved in the cognitive , structural and functional changes observed with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 4 comparing
2 research 5 aged
3 directly 4 comparing
6 good 7 sleepers
7 sleepers 8 versus
7 sleepers 12 need
8 versus 11 will
9 aged 11 will
10 insomniacs 11 will
12 need 13 to
12 need 28 observed
13 to 14 elucidate
14 elucidate 16 sleep
16 sleep 17 disturbances
16 sleep 20 in
17 disturbances 18 are
18 are 19 involved
19 involved 20 in
21 the 27 changes
22 cognitive 23 ,
23 , 24 structural
23 , 25 and
25 and 26 functional
25 and 27 changes
27 changes 28 observed
28 observed 29 with
29 with 30 increasing
30 increasing 31 age

the findings suggest that discrimination of [subtypes] [of] poor sleep at high age will aid in understanding the mechanisms by which it affects cognition and brain function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 will
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 discrimination
4 that 14 will
5 discrimination 6 of
6 of 10 sleep
9 poor 10 sleep
10 sleep 11 at
11 at 13 age
12 high 13 age
14 will 25 and
14 will 27 function
15 aid 16 in
15 aid 25 and
16 in 17 understanding
17 understanding 19 mechanisms
18 the 19 mechanisms
19 mechanisms 20 by
20 by 21 which
20 by 22 it
20 by 23 affects
22 it 23 affects
23 affects 24 cognition
25 and 26 brain

methionine can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species to a mixture of two diastereomers , methionine - s - sulfoxide and methionine - r - sulfoxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 methionine 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 oxidized
4 oxidized 5 by
4 oxidized 9 to
5 by 8 species
6 reactive 7 oxygen
7 oxygen 8 species
9 to 11 mixture
10 a 11 mixture
11 mixture 12 of
12 of 14 diastereomers
13 two 14 diastereomers
14 diastereomers 16 methionine
15 , 16 methionine
16 methionine 18 s
16 methionine 21 and
16 methionine 25 -
17 - 18 s
18 s 19 -
19 - 21 and
20 sulfoxide 21 and
21 and 22 methionine
21 and 24 r
21 and 25 -
23 - 24 r
24 r 25 -
25 - 26 sulfoxide
25 - 27 .

however , mammals lack frmsr and [are] characterized by deficiency in the reduction of free methionine - r - sulfoxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mammals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 mammals
3 mammals 6 and
4 lack 5 frmsr
4 lack 6 and
6 and 8 characterized
6 and 9 by
6 and 11 in
6 and 20 sulfoxide
9 by 10 deficiency
11 in 13 reduction
12 the 13 reduction
13 reduction 14 of
14 of 16 methionine
15 free 16 methionine
16 methionine 18 r
17 - 18 r
18 r 19 -

the biological significance of such biased reduction of methionine sulfoxide has not been fully explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 significance
2 biological 3 significance
3 significance 4 of
3 significance 11 has
4 of 7 reduction
5 such 7 reduction
6 biased 7 reduction
7 reduction 8 of
8 of 10 sulfoxide
9 methionine 10 sulfoxide
11 has 12 not
11 has 13 been
13 been 15 explored
14 fully 15 explored

msra and msrb activities decrease during aging , leading to accumulation of protein - based and free amino acid forms of methionine sulfoxide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 msra 2 and
2 and 3 msrb
2 and 4 activities
2 and 6 during
2 and 7 aging
2 and 9 leading
2 and 16 and
4 activities 5 decrease
5 decrease 6 during
8 , 9 leading
9 leading 10 to
9 leading 14 -
10 to 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
12 of 13 protein
15 based 16 and
16 and 17 free
16 and 23 sulfoxide
17 free 20 forms
18 amino 19 acid
19 acid 20 forms
20 forms 21 of
21 of 22 methionine

since methionine is an indispensible amino acid in human nutrition and a key metabolite in sulfur , methylation , and transsulfuration pathways , the consequences of accumulation of its oxidized forms require further studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 metabolite
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 since 2 methionine
1 since 3 is
1 since 11 and
2 methionine 3 is
3 is 6 amino
4 an 6 amino
5 indispensible 6 amino
7 acid 8 in
7 acid 11 and
8 in 10 nutrition
9 human 10 nutrition
11 and 13 key
11 and 14 metabolite
12 a 13 key
14 metabolite 15 in
15 in 20 and
16 sulfur 17 ,
16 sulfur 18 methylation
18 methylation 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 pathways
21 transsulfuration 22 pathways
23 , 25 consequences
23 , 32 require
24 the 25 consequences
25 consequences 26 of
25 consequences 32 require
26 of 27 accumulation
27 accumulation 28 of
28 of 31 forms
29 its 31 forms
30 oxidized 31 forms
32 require 34 studies
33 further 34 studies

finally , in addition to methionine , methylsulfinyl groups are present in various drugs and natural compounds , and their differential reduction by msrs may have important therapeutic implications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 methylsulfinyl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 finally 8 methylsulfinyl
2 , 3 in
3 in 4 addition
3 in 7 ,
3 in 8 methylsulfinyl
4 addition 5 to
5 to 6 methionine
8 methylsulfinyl 9 groups
8 methylsulfinyl 11 present
8 methylsulfinyl 25 may
9 groups 10 are
10 are 11 present
11 present 12 in
11 present 23 by
12 in 19 and
13 various 14 drugs
14 drugs 15 and
15 and 17 compounds
15 and 19 and
16 natural 17 compounds
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 reduction
20 their 22 reduction
21 differential 22 reduction
23 by 24 msrs
25 may 26 have
26 have 29 implications
27 important 29 implications
28 therapeutic 29 implications

aim of the study : dangguijakyak - san ( djs ) is a multi - herbal formula that has long been widely used in traditional oriental medicine to treat gynecologic disorders , including neurological symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 aim 2 of
2 of 3 the
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 :
5 : 6 dangguijakyak
7 - 8 san
7 - 12 is
7 - 32 ,
7 - 36 .
8 san 10 djs
8 san 12 is
9 ( 10 djs
10 djs 11 )
12 is 17 formula
12 is 28 to
13 a 14 multi
13 a 17 formula
14 multi 15 -
14 multi 17 formula
16 herbal 17 formula
17 formula 18 that
17 formula 19 has
18 that 19 has
19 has 21 been
20 long 21 been
21 been 22 widely
21 been 23 used
23 used 24 in
24 in 27 medicine
25 traditional 27 medicine
26 oriental 27 medicine
28 to 29 treat
29 treat 31 disorders
30 gynecologic 31 disorders
32 , 35 symptoms
33 including 35 symptoms
34 neurological 35 symptoms

recent clinical and experimental studies have reported aging and anti - neurodegenerative effects of djs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 recent 5 studies
2 clinical 3 and
3 and 4 experimental
3 and 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 reported
7 reported 9 and
8 aging 9 and
9 and 13 effects
9 and 14 of
10 anti 11 -
10 anti 13 effects
12 neurodegenerative 13 effects
14 of 15 djs

in this study , we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of djs on dopaminergic ( da ) neurons damaged by 6 - hydroxydopamine ( 6 - ohda ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 9 effects
6 evaluated 12 on
7 the 9 effects
8 neuroprotective 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 11 djs
12 on 17 neurons
13 dopaminergic 15 da
13 dopaminergic 17 neurons
14 ( 15 da
15 da 16 )
17 neurons 18 damaged
17 neurons 22 hydroxydopamine
17 neurons 26 ohda
18 damaged 19 by
19 by 20 6
21 - 22 hydroxydopamine
22 hydroxydopamine 24 6
22 hydroxydopamine 25 -
23 ( 24 6
24 6 25 -
25 - 26 ohda
26 ohda 27 )

materials and methods : to evaluate the protective effects of djs , we analyzed viability in sh - sy5y neuroblastoma cells and tyrosine hydroxylase ( th ) staining in primary da cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 to
4 : 6 evaluate
4 : 12 ,
4 : 33 .
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 9 effects
7 the 9 effects
8 protective 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 11 djs
12 , 13 we
12 , 14 analyzed
13 we 14 analyzed
14 analyzed 15 viability
15 viability 16 in
15 viability 28 staining
15 viability 29 in
16 in 17 sh
17 sh 22 and
18 - 22 and
19 sy5y 21 cells
20 neuroblastoma 21 cells
21 cells 22 and
22 and 24 hydroxylase
22 and 26 th
22 and 27 )
23 tyrosine 24 hydroxylase
25 ( 26 th
26 th 27 )
29 in 32 cells
30 primary 32 cells
31 da 32 cells

to explore the possible mechanism ( [s] [ )(of neuroprotection , we assessed anti - oxidant activity by measuring reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and glutathione ( gsh ) levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 to 2 explore
2 explore 5 mechanism
3 the 5 mechanism
4 possible 5 mechanism
5 mechanism 9 )(of
6 ( 9 )(of
9 )(of 10 neuroprotection
9 )(of 11 ,
11 , 12 we
11 , 13 assessed
11 , 26 and
12 we 13 assessed
13 assessed 17 activity
13 assessed 18 by
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 activity
16 oxidant 17 activity
18 by 19 measuring
19 measuring 22 species
20 reactive 21 oxygen
21 oxygen 22 species
22 species 24 ros
23 ( 24 ros
24 ros 25 )
26 and 27 glutathione
26 and 31 levels
27 glutathione 29 gsh
27 glutathione 31 levels
28 ( 29 gsh
29 gsh 30 )

to determine mitochondria - mediated apoptotic activity , we examined mitochondrial membrane potential , cytochrome [c] release , and caspase - 3 activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 to 2 determine
2 determine 3 mitochondria
3 mitochondria 7 activity
4 - 7 activity
5 mediated 7 activity
6 apoptotic 7 activity
7 activity 8 ,
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 examined
8 , 21 -
9 we 10 examined
10 examined 19 and
11 mitochondrial 12 membrane
12 membrane 13 potential
13 potential 14 ,
14 , 17 release
14 , 19 and
15 cytochrome 17 release
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 caspase
21 - 23 activation
21 - 24 .
22 3 23 activation

results : djs at 0.05 - 5 μg / ml significantly protected sh - sy5y cells from 6 - ohda toxicity , dose - dependently , and attenuated 6 - ohda damage in primary da cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 djs
2 : 27 and
3 djs 4 at
3 djs 27 and
4 at 10 ml
5 0.05 6 -
6 - 7 5
6 - 10 ml
7 5 8 μg
8 μg 9 /
11 significantly 12 protected
12 protected 13 sh
12 protected 27 and
13 sh 15 sy5y
14 - 15 sy5y
15 sy5y 16 cells
15 sy5y 23 dose
15 sy5y 26 ,
16 cells 17 from
16 cells 23 dose
17 from 18 6
18 6 21 toxicity
19 - 21 toxicity
20 ohda 21 toxicity
21 toxicity 22 ,
23 dose 25 dependently
24 - 25 dependently
25 dependently 26 ,
27 and 28 attenuated
28 attenuated 32 damage
28 attenuated 33 in
29 6 31 ohda
30 - 31 ohda
31 ohda 32 damage
33 in 36 cells
34 primary 36 cells
35 da 36 cells

djs reduced 6 - ohda - induced intracellular ros production and gsh depletion and inhibited mitochondrial membrane instability , cytosolic cytochrome [c] release , and caspase - 3 activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
1 djs 2 reduced
2 reduced 10 production
3 6 5 ohda
4 - 5 ohda
5 ohda 6 -
5 ohda 7 induced
7 induced 10 production
8 intracellular 10 production
9 ros 10 production
10 production 11 and
11 and 13 depletion
11 and 14 and
12 gsh 13 depletion
14 and 18 instability
14 and 19 ,
15 inhibited 17 membrane
16 mitochondrial 17 membrane
17 membrane 18 instability
19 , 23 release
19 , 25 and
20 cytosolic 23 release
21 cytochrome 23 release
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 caspase
25 and 29 activation
27 - 29 activation
28 3 29 activation
29 activation 30 .

conclusions : these results demonstrate that djs has neuroprotective effects in da neurons against 6 - ohda - induced toxicity through anti - oxidant and anti - mitochondrial - mediated apoptotic activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrate
2 : 16 -
2 : 33 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 6 that
6 that 7 djs
6 that 8 has
7 djs 8 has
8 has 10 effects
9 neuroprotective 10 effects
10 effects 11 in
11 in 13 neurons
12 da 13 neurons
13 neurons 14 against
14 against 15 6
16 - 17 ohda
16 - 18 -
18 - 25 and
18 - 27 -
19 induced 20 toxicity
20 toxicity 21 through
20 toxicity 25 and
21 through 24 oxidant
22 anti 23 -
22 anti 24 oxidant
25 and 26 anti
27 - 32 activities
28 mitochondrial 29 -
28 mitochondrial 32 activities
30 mediated 32 activities
31 apoptotic 32 activities

huntington 's disease ( hd ) is a rare genetic disease associated with the degeneration of gabaergic striatal projection neurons in the basal ganglia leading to movement disorders with behavioral symptoms for which there is [presently] no therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 huntington 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 hd
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 hd
5 hd 6 )
7 is 11 disease
7 is 13 with
7 is 21 in
8 a 11 disease
9 rare 11 disease
10 genetic 11 disease
11 disease 12 associated
13 with 15 degeneration
14 the 15 degeneration
15 degeneration 16 of
16 of 20 neurons
17 gabaergic 20 neurons
18 striatal 20 neurons
19 projection 20 neurons
21 in 24 ganglia
22 the 24 ganglia
23 basal 24 ganglia
24 ganglia 25 leading
24 ganglia 28 disorders
24 ganglia 29 with
25 leading 26 to
25 leading 28 disorders
26 to 27 movement
29 with 31 symptoms
30 behavioral 31 symptoms
31 symptoms 32 for
32 for 33 which
32 for 34 there
32 for 35 is
34 there 35 is
35 is 38 therapy
37 no 38 therapy

abnormally high levels of monoamine oxidase ( mao ) [activity] , which are potentially linked to cytotoxic free radical formation , are known to occur during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders [(] mao [-] b is markedly increased in plaque - associated astrocytes in alzheimer 's disease ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 abnormally 3 levels
2 high 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 12 which
3 levels 22 are
4 of 6 oxidase
5 monoamine 6 oxidase
6 oxidase 8 mao
7 ( 8 mao
8 mao 9 )
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 are
12 which 21 ,
13 are 15 linked
14 potentially 15 linked
15 linked 16 to
16 to 20 formation
17 cytotoxic 20 formation
18 free 20 formation
19 radical 20 formation
22 are 23 known
23 known 24 to
23 known 28 and
23 known 39 in
24 to 25 occur
26 during 27 aging
26 during 28 and
28 and 29 in
29 in 31 disorders
30 neurodegenerative 31 disorders
31 disorders 33 mao
31 disorders 36 is
31 disorders 38 increased
33 mao 35 b
33 mao 36 is
36 is 37 markedly
39 in 40 plaque
40 plaque 43 astrocytes
41 - 43 astrocytes
42 associated 43 astrocytes
43 astrocytes 44 in
43 astrocytes 48 )
44 in 47 disease
45 alzheimer 46 's
46 's 47 disease

we therefore measured , with anatomical resolution , mao - a [and] - b activities in 5 cases of hd ( severity grades 1 - 3 ) and age - matched controls by quantitative enzyme radioautography using radiolabeled enzyme inhibitors ( 3 )h - ro 41 - 1049 and [(] 3 )h - lazabemide , respectively , as high - affinity ligands in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 we 3 measured
2 therefore 3 measured
3 measured 5 with
3 measured 9 mao
4 , 5 with
5 with 7 resolution
5 with 8 ,
6 anatomical 7 resolution
10 - 15 activities
11 a 13 -
13 - 14 b
13 - 15 activities
15 activities 16 in
15 activities 19 of
16 in 18 cases
17 5 18 cases
19 of 28 and
20 hd 23 grades
20 hd 28 and
21 ( 23 grades
22 severity 23 grades
23 grades 24 1
23 grades 26 3
23 grades 27 )
25 - 26 3
26 3 27 )
28 and 29 age
28 and 30 -
28 and 31 matched
28 and 32 controls
28 and 36 radioautography
28 and 37 using
32 controls 33 by
32 controls 36 radioautography
33 by 35 enzyme
34 quantitative 35 enzyme
37 using 40 inhibitors
37 using 44 -
38 radiolabeled 40 inhibitors
39 enzyme 40 inhibitors
41 ( 44 -
42 3 43 )h
43 )h 44 -
44 - 45 ro
45 ro 46 41
45 ro 49 and
45 ro 52 )h
45 ro 54 lazabemide
47 - 49 and
48 1049 49 and
49 and 51 3
49 and 52 )h
53 - 54 lazabemide
54 lazabemide 61 affinity
54 lazabemide 62 ligands
54 lazabemide 65 .
55 , 56 respectively
56 respectively 57 ,
56 respectively 59 high
58 as 59 high
59 high 60 -
59 high 61 affinity
61 affinity 62 ligands
62 ligands 64 vitro
63 in 64 vitro

mao [-] a was increased significantly [(] ca . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mao
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 mao 3 a
1 mao 4 was
4 was 5 increased
5 increased 6 significantly
5 increased 8 ca

higher increases in mao [-] b ( 75 % - 200 % [;] p<0.01 ) occurred in the putamen , ventral striatum , globus pallidus externus and internus of the basal ganglia and in the insular cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 higher 2 increases
2 increases 3 in
2 increases 16 occurred
3 in 4 mao
4 mao 6 b
4 mao 14 p<0.01
7 ( 14 p<0.01
8 75 9 %
9 % 14 p<0.01
10 - 11 200
11 200 12 %
12 % 14 p<0.01
14 p<0.01 15 )
16 occurred 33 and
17 in 27 and
17 in 33 and
18 the 22 striatum
19 putamen 20 ,
19 putamen 22 striatum
21 ventral 22 striatum
22 striatum 23 ,
23 , 26 externus
23 , 27 and
24 globus 26 externus
25 pallidus 26 externus
27 and 28 internus
27 and 29 of
29 of 32 ganglia
30 the 32 ganglia
31 basal 32 ganglia
33 and 34 in
34 in 37 cortex
35 the 37 cortex
36 insular 37 cortex

the increased enzyme levels ( especially of mao [-] b ) seemed to correlate with the grade of disease severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 4 levels
2 increased 3 enzyme
3 enzyme 4 levels
4 levels 7 of
4 levels 12 seemed
5 ( 6 especially
5 ( 7 of
7 of 8 mao
7 of 11 )
8 mao 10 b
12 seemed 13 to
12 seemed 14 correlate
13 to 14 correlate
14 correlate 15 with
15 with 17 grade
16 the 17 grade
17 grade 18 of
18 of 20 severity
19 disease 20 severity

we conclude that mao increases in those regions of hd brains which are known to undergo neurodegeneration accompanied by glioses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 undergo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 mao
3 that 5 increases
4 mao 5 increases
5 increases 6 in
5 increases 15 to
6 in 8 regions
7 those 8 regions
8 regions 9 of
9 of 11 brains
10 hd 11 brains
11 brains 12 which
11 brains 13 are
12 which 13 are
13 are 14 known
15 to 16 undergo
16 undergo 17 neurodegeneration
16 undergo 19 by
17 neurodegeneration 18 accompanied
19 by 20 glioses

whether or not this increased enzyme activity is a cause or effect of the resulting loss of the gabaergic projection neurons in hd is yet to be clarified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 whether 2 or
2 or 3 not
3 not 4 this
3 not 5 increased
3 not 7 activity
4 this 5 increased
5 increased 6 enzyme
7 activity 8 is
8 is 10 cause
9 a 10 cause
11 or 12 effect
11 or 24 is
12 effect 13 of
12 effect 24 is
13 of 16 loss
14 the 16 loss
15 resulting 16 loss
16 loss 17 of
17 of 21 neurons
18 the 21 neurons
19 gabaergic 21 neurons
20 projection 21 neurons
21 neurons 22 in
22 in 23 hd
24 is 26 to
24 is 28 clarified
25 yet 26 to
26 to 27 be

moreover , it remains to be seen if selective enzyme inhibitors have therapeutic utility in the treatment of hd by reducing oxidative stress locally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 it
3 it 4 remains
4 remains 5 to
4 remains 8 if
4 remains 15 in
4 remains 24 locally
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 seen
8 if 11 inhibitors
8 if 12 have
9 selective 10 enzyme
10 enzyme 11 inhibitors
11 inhibitors 12 have
12 have 14 utility
13 therapeutic 14 utility
15 in 17 treatment
16 the 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 of
17 treatment 20 by
18 of 19 hd
20 by 21 reducing
21 reducing 23 stress
22 oxidative 23 stress

relatively few researchers have investigated early antecedents of adult functional limitations in developing countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 relatively 2 few
2 few 3 researchers
3 researchers 4 have
4 have 5 investigated
5 investigated 7 antecedents
5 investigated 12 in
6 early 7 antecedents
7 antecedents 8 of
8 of 11 limitations
9 adult 11 limitations
10 functional 11 limitations
12 in 13 developing
13 developing 14 countries

in this study , we assessed associations between childhood conditions and adult lower - body functional limitations ( lbfl ) as well as the potential mediating role of adult socioeconomic status , smoking , body mass index , and chronic diseases or symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 associations
7 associations 8 between
7 associations 23 as
8 between 11 and
9 childhood 10 conditions
10 conditions 11 and
11 and 17 limitations
11 and 19 lbfl
12 adult 17 limitations
13 lower 14 -
13 lower 15 body
15 body 17 limitations
16 functional 17 limitations
18 ( 19 lbfl
19 lbfl 20 )
21 as 22 well
22 well 23 as
23 as 27 role
24 the 27 role
25 potential 27 role
26 mediating 27 role
27 role 28 of
28 of 31 status
29 adult 31 status
30 socioeconomic 31 status
32 , 42 or
33 smoking 34 ,
34 , 37 index
34 , 39 and
35 body 36 mass
36 mass 37 index
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 diseases
39 and 42 or
40 chronic 41 diseases
42 or 43 symptoms

based on data from the mexican health and aging study ( mhas ) of individuals born prior to 1951 [and] contacted in 2001 and 2003 , we found that childhood nutritional deprivation , serious health problems , and family background predict adult lbfl in mexico . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 13 )
1 based 27 we
2 on 8 and
3 data 4 from
3 data 8 and
4 from 7 health
5 the 6 mexican
6 mexican 7 health
8 and 12 mhas
9 aging 10 study
10 study 12 mhas
11 ( 12 mhas
14 of 15 individuals
14 of 27 we
16 born 18 to
16 born 26 ,
16 born 27 we
17 prior 18 to
18 to 24 and
19 1951 22 in
19 1951 24 and
21 contacted 22 in
22 in 23 2001
24 and 25 2003
27 we 28 found
28 found 30 childhood
28 found 32 deprivation
29 that 30 childhood
31 nutritional 32 deprivation
33 , 38 and
33 , 41 predict
34 serious 35 health
35 health 36 problems
36 problems 38 and
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 background
38 and 41 predict
39 family 40 background
41 predict 43 lbfl
41 predict 44 in
42 adult 43 lbfl
44 in 45 mexico

adjustment for the potential mediators in adulthood attenuates these associations only to a modest degree . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 attenuates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 adjustment 2 for
1 adjustment 8 attenuates
2 for 5 mediators
3 the 5 mediators
4 potential 5 mediators
5 mediators 6 in
6 in 7 adulthood
8 attenuates 10 associations
8 attenuates 11 only
9 these 10 associations
11 only 12 to
12 to 15 degree
13 a 14 modest
13 a 15 degree
14 modest 15 degree

frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) can occur jointly with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) , and these 2 conditions share a genetic risk factor on chromosome 9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 frontotemporal 3 degeneration
2 lobar 3 degeneration
3 degeneration 5 ftld
3 degeneration 7 can
4 ( 5 ftld
5 ftld 6 )
7 can 8 occur
8 occur 9 jointly
8 occur 10 with
10 with 13 sclerosis
11 amyotrophic 13 sclerosis
12 lateral 13 sclerosis
13 sclerosis 15 als
14 ( 15 als
15 als 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 conditions
18 and 22 share
19 these 20 2
20 2 21 conditions
21 conditions 22 share
22 share 26 factor
22 share 27 on
23 a 24 genetic
23 a 26 factor
24 genetic 26 factor
25 risk 26 factor
27 on 28 chromosome
28 chromosome 29 9

it has [been] reported that mutations in optineurin ( optn ) can cause als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 4 reported
4 reported 5 that
5 that 6 mutations
5 that 13 cause
6 mutations 7 in
6 mutations 12 can
7 in 8 optineurin
8 optineurin 10 optn
9 ( 10 optn
10 optn 11 )
12 can 13 cause
13 cause 14 als

therefore , we sequenced optn in 371 ftld cases but no mutations were detected , suggesting changes in optn do not cause ftld . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 sequenced
4 sequenced 5 optn
4 sequenced 6 in
6 in 7 371
7 371 8 ftld
7 371 9 cases
8 ftld 9 cases
10 but 12 mutations
10 but 14 detected
11 no 12 mutations
12 mutations 13 were
13 were 14 detected
14 detected 16 suggesting
15 , 16 suggesting
16 suggesting 17 changes
16 suggesting 22 cause
16 suggesting 24 .
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 20 do
18 in 19 optn
20 do 21 not
20 do 22 cause
22 cause 23 ftld

the influence of education , occupation , and leisure activities on the passive and active components of reserve capacity remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 20 remains
3 of 8 and
4 education 5 ,
5 , 6 occupation
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 activities
8 and 11 on
8 and 17 of
9 leisure 10 activities
11 on 14 and
12 the 13 passive
13 passive 14 and
14 and 16 components
15 active 16 components
17 of 19 capacity
18 reserve 19 capacity
20 remains 21 unclear

we used the voxel - based morphometry ( vbm ) technique in a population - based sample of 331 nondemented people in order to investigate the relationship between these factors and the cerebral volume ( a marker of brain reserve ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 17 sample
2 used 22 in
3 the 17 sample
4 voxel 11 technique
4 voxel 17 sample
5 - 11 technique
6 based 11 technique
7 morphometry 9 vbm
7 morphometry 11 technique
8 ( 9 vbm
9 vbm 10 )
11 technique 12 in
11 technique 15 -
12 in 14 population
13 a 14 population
16 based 17 sample
17 sample 18 of
18 of 21 people
19 331 21 people
20 nondemented 21 people
22 in 23 order
23 order 24 to
23 order 25 investigate
23 order 37 marker
24 to 25 investigate
25 investigate 27 relationship
25 investigate 28 between
26 the 27 relationship
28 between 31 and
29 these 30 factors
30 factors 31 and
31 and 34 volume
32 the 34 volume
33 cerebral 34 volume
35 ( 37 marker
36 a 37 marker
37 marker 38 of
37 marker 41 )
38 of 40 reserve
39 brain 40 reserve

the results showed a positive and significant association between education , occupation , and leisure activities and the cognitive performances on isaac 's set test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 8 association
3 showed 9 between
3 showed 21 on
4 a 8 association
5 positive 6 and
6 and 7 significant
6 and 8 association
9 between 17 and
10 education 11 ,
11 , 12 occupation
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 activities
14 and 17 and
15 leisure 16 activities
17 and 20 performances
18 the 20 performances
19 cognitive 20 performances
21 on 25 test
22 isaac 23 's
23 's 25 test
24 set 25 test

among these factors , only education was significantly associated with a cerebral volume including gray and white matter ( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 among 3 factors
1 among 4 ,
1 among 5 only
2 these 3 factors
5 only 6 education
6 education 7 was
7 was 9 associated
8 significantly 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 volume
10 with 14 including
11 a 12 cerebral
11 a 13 volume
12 cerebral 13 volume
14 including 18 matter
15 gray 16 and
16 and 17 white
16 and 18 matter
18 matter 21 =
19 ( 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 22 0.01
21 = 23 )

in voxel - based morphometry analyses , the difference in gray matter volume was located in the temporoparietal lobes and in the orbitofrontal lobes bilaterally ( a [p] - value corrected < 0.05 by false discovery rate [ fdr ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 located
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 6 analyses
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 difference
2 voxel 3 -
2 voxel 6 analyses
4 based 6 analyses
5 morphometry 6 analyses
8 the 9 difference
9 difference 10 in
9 difference 14 was
10 in 13 volume
11 gray 12 matter
12 matter 13 volume
14 was 15 located
15 located 20 and
15 located 25 bilaterally
15 located 29 -
16 in 19 lobes
16 in 20 and
17 the 19 lobes
18 temporoparietal 19 lobes
20 and 21 in
21 in 24 lobes
22 the 24 lobes
23 orbitofrontal 24 lobes
26 ( 29 -
27 a 29 -
29 - 30 value
29 - 41 )
30 value 31 corrected
30 value 33 0.05
30 value 37 rate
30 value 39 fdr
32 < 33 0.05
33 0.05 34 by
33 0.05 37 rate
34 by 36 discovery
35 false 36 discovery
38 [ 39 fdr
39 fdr 40 ]

although smaller , [the] education - related difference [in] white matter volume appeared in areas connected to the education - related difference [in] gray matter volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 although 5 education
1 although 12 volume
2 smaller 3 ,
2 smaller 5 education
6 - 7 related
7 related 11 matter
7 related 12 volume
8 difference 11 matter
10 white 11 matter
12 volume 13 appeared
13 appeared 14 in
14 in 15 areas
15 areas 16 connected
16 connected 17 to
17 to 19 education
18 the 19 education
20 - 21 related
21 related 26 volume
21 related 27 .
22 difference 24 gray
24 gray 25 matter
25 matter 26 volume

education , occupation attainment , and leisure activities were found to contribute differently to reserve capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 education 2 ,
2 , 4 attainment
2 , 6 and
3 occupation 4 attainment
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 activities
6 and 9 were
7 leisure 8 activities
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 to
10 found 14 to
11 to 12 contribute
13 differently 14 to
14 to 15 reserve
15 reserve 16 capacity

education could play a role in the constitution of cerebral reserve capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 education 2 could
2 could 3 play
3 play 5 role
3 play 6 in
4 a 5 role
6 in 8 constitution
7 the 8 constitution
8 constitution 9 of
9 of 12 capacity
10 cerebral 11 reserve
11 reserve 12 capacity

insertion and deletion variants ( indels [ )(within [poly] glycine tracts [of] fused in sarcoma ( fus ) were initially reported as causative [of] disease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 insertion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 and 4 variants
2 and 19 were
3 deletion 4 variants
4 variants 6 indels
4 variants 19 were
5 ( 6 indels
6 indels 8 )(within
6 indels 13 fused
6 indels 18 )
8 )(within 11 tracts
10 glycine 11 tracts
13 fused 14 in
14 in 15 sarcoma
15 sarcoma 17 fus
16 ( 17 fus
17 fus 18 )
19 were 20 initially
19 were 25 disease
19 were 26 in
21 reported 25 disease
22 as 23 causative
23 causative 25 disease
26 in 29 sclerosis
27 amyotrophic 29 sclerosis
28 lateral 29 sclerosis
29 sclerosis 31 als
30 ( 31 als
31 als 32 )

subsequent studies identified similar indels in controls and suggested that these indels may confer susceptibility to als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 subsequent 2 studies
2 studies 3 identified
3 identified 5 indels
3 identified 6 in
4 similar 5 indels
6 in 8 and
7 controls 8 and
8 and 9 suggested
9 suggested 10 that
10 that 12 indels
10 that 14 confer
11 these 12 indels
12 indels 13 may
13 may 14 confer
14 confer 15 susceptibility
14 confer 16 to
16 to 17 als

we aimed to elucidate the role [of] previously published and novel exonic indels in fus in an extensive cohort of 630 als patients and 1063 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 elucidate
3 to 4 elucidate
4 elucidate 10 and
4 elucidate 16 in
5 the 6 role
6 role 9 published
6 role 10 and
8 previously 9 published
10 and 13 indels
10 and 14 in
11 novel 13 indels
12 exonic 13 indels
14 in 15 fus
16 in 19 cohort
17 an 18 extensive
17 an 19 cohort
18 extensive 19 cohort
19 cohort 20 of
20 of 24 and
21 630 23 patients
22 als 23 patients
23 patients 24 and
24 and 26 controls
25 1063 26 controls

we detected indels in fus exons 5 , 6 , 12 , and [14] with similar frequencies in patients ( 0.95 % ) and controls ( 0.75 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 detected
2 detected 3 indels
2 detected 13 and
4 in 6 exons
4 in 13 and
5 fus 6 exons
6 exons 7 5
6 exons 9 6
6 exons 11 12
8 , 9 6
9 6 10 ,
10 , 11 12
11 12 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 with
15 with 24 and
16 similar 17 frequencies
17 frequencies 18 in
17 frequencies 24 and
18 in 19 patients
19 patients 22 %
20 ( 22 %
21 0.95 22 %
22 % 23 )
24 and 25 controls
24 and 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 0.75 28 %
28 % 29 )

exonic indels in [poly] glycine tracts were also observed with similar frequencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 exonic 2 indels
2 indels 3 in
2 indels 7 were
3 in 6 tracts
5 glycine 6 tracts
7 were 8 also
7 were 9 observed
9 observed 10 with
10 with 12 frequencies
11 similar 12 frequencies

the largest indel ( p.gly138_tyr143del ) was observed in 1 control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 largest
1 the 3 indel
3 indel 5 p.gly138_tyr143del
3 indel 7 was
4 ( 5 p.gly138_tyr143del
5 p.gly138_tyr143del 6 )
7 was 8 observed
8 observed 9 in
9 in 11 control
10 1 11 control

in 1 patient , a 3 base pair deletion in exon 14 ( p.gly475del ) was identified , however in vitro studies did not reveal abnormal localization of p.gly475del mutant fus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 deletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 3 patient
1 in 4 ,
1 in 9 deletion
2 1 3 patient
5 a 9 deletion
6 3 8 pair
7 base 8 pair
8 pair 9 deletion
9 deletion 10 in
9 deletion 14 p.gly475del
9 deletion 16 was
10 in 11 exon
11 exon 12 14
13 ( 14 p.gly475del
14 p.gly475del 15 )
16 was 17 identified
18 , 22 studies
18 , 25 reveal
19 however 22 studies
20 in 21 vitro
21 vitro 22 studies
22 studies 23 did
23 did 24 not
23 did 25 reveal
25 reveal 27 localization
26 abnormal 27 localization
27 localization 28 of
28 of 31 fus
29 p.gly475del 30 mutant
30 mutant 31 fus

these findings suggest that not all exonic indels in fus cause disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 8 indels
4 that 11 cause
5 not 6 all
6 all 8 indels
7 exonic 8 indels
8 indels 9 in
9 in 10 fus
11 cause 12 disease

subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 subjects 2 underwent
2 underwent 5 imaging
3 magnetic 4 resonance
4 resonance 5 imaging
5 imaging 7 mri
6 ( 7 mri
7 mri 8 )

patterns of wm were assessed using voxel - based morphometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patterns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 patterns 2 of
1 patterns 4 were
2 of 3 wm
4 were 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 using
6 using 10 morphometry
7 voxel 8 -
7 voxel 10 morphometry
9 based 10 morphometry

compared with healthy controls , load patients had a selective parahippocampal wm loss , while eoad patients experienced a more widespread pattern of posterior wm atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 7 patients
2 with 4 controls
3 healthy 4 controls
6 load 7 patients
7 patients 8 had
8 had 13 loss
9 a 10 selective
9 a 13 loss
10 selective 13 loss
11 parahippocampal 13 loss
12 wm 13 loss
14 , 17 patients
14 , 18 experienced
15 while 16 eoad
15 while 17 patients
17 patients 18 experienced
18 experienced 22 pattern
19 a 22 pattern
20 more 21 widespread
21 widespread 22 pattern
22 pattern 23 of
23 of 26 atrophy
24 posterior 26 atrophy
25 wm 26 atrophy

the distinct regional distribution of wm atrophy reflected the topography of gray matter ( gm ) [loss] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 distribution
2 distinct 4 distribution
3 regional 4 distribution
4 distribution 5 of
4 distribution 8 reflected
5 of 7 atrophy
6 wm 7 atrophy
8 reflected 10 topography
9 the 10 topography
10 topography 11 of
11 of 13 matter
12 gray 13 matter
13 matter 15 gm
14 ( 15 gm
15 gm 16 )

apoe ε4 status was associated with a greater parahippocampal wm loss in both ad groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 apoe 3 status
2 ε4 3 status
3 status 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 12 in
6 with 11 loss
7 a 11 loss
8 greater 11 loss
9 parahippocampal 11 loss
10 wm 11 loss
12 in 15 groups
13 both 15 groups
14 ad 15 groups

the greater wm atrophy in eoad than load fits with the evidence that eoad is a more aggressive form of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 wm
2 greater 3 wm
3 wm 4 atrophy
4 atrophy 5 in
4 atrophy 7 than
5 in 6 eoad
7 than 8 load
7 than 9 fits
7 than 20 of
8 load 9 fits
9 fits 10 with
10 with 12 evidence
11 the 12 evidence
12 evidence 13 that
13 that 14 eoad
13 that 15 is
14 eoad 15 is
15 is 19 form
16 a 19 form
17 more 18 aggressive
18 aggressive 19 form
20 of 22 disease
21 the 22 disease

the apoe ε4 effect on wm damage in ad is restricted to specific wm regions and does not seem to be related to age [of] [onset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 4 effect
2 apoe 4 effect
3 ε4 4 effect
4 effect 5 on
4 effect 16 and
5 on 7 damage
6 wm 7 damage
7 damage 8 in
8 in 9 ad
10 is 11 restricted
10 is 16 and
11 restricted 12 to
12 to 15 regions
13 specific 15 regions
14 wm 15 regions
16 and 17 does
17 does 18 not
17 does 19 seem
19 seem 20 to
19 seem 23 to
19 seem 24 age
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 related
23 to 24 age

this study examines whether midlife change in episodic memory predicts hippocampal volume in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 4 whether
4 whether 6 change
4 whether 10 predicts
5 midlife 6 change
6 change 7 in
6 change 10 predicts
7 in 9 memory
8 episodic 9 memory
10 predicts 12 volume
10 predicts 13 in
11 hippocampal 12 volume
13 in 15 age
14 old 15 age

from the seattle longitudinal study we retrospectively identified 84 healthy , cognitively normal individuals , age 52 to 87 , whose episodic memory had reliably declined ( n = 33 ) , improved ( n = 28 ) or remained stable ( n = 23 ) over a 14 [-] year period in midlife ( age 43 - 63 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 or
1 from 5 study
1 from 16 age
2 the 5 study
3 seattle 4 longitudinal
4 longitudinal 5 study
5 study 6 we
5 study 8 identified
6 we 8 identified
7 retrospectively 8 identified
9 84 16 age
10 healthy 14 individuals
10 healthy 15 ,
10 healthy 16 age
11 , 14 individuals
12 cognitively 13 normal
13 normal 14 individuals
14 individuals 15 ,
16 age 18 to
16 age 21 whose
16 age 39 or
17 52 18 to
18 to 19 87
20 , 21 whose
21 whose 23 memory
21 whose 32 ,
22 episodic 23 memory
23 memory 24 had
24 had 26 declined
25 reliably 26 declined
26 declined 29 =
27 ( 29 =
28 n 29 =
29 = 30 33
29 = 31 )
33 improved 36 =
33 improved 39 or
34 ( 36 =
35 n 36 =
36 = 37 28
36 = 38 )
39 or 40 remained
40 remained 41 stable
41 stable 44 =
41 stable 47 over
41 stable 53 in
42 ( 44 =
43 n 44 =
44 = 45 23
44 = 46 )
47 over 52 period
48 a 52 period
49 14 51 year
51 year 52 period
53 in 54 midlife
54 midlife 56 age
55 ( 56 age
56 age 57 43
56 age 59 63
56 age 61 .
58 - 59 63
59 63 60 )

midlife memory improvement was associated with 13 % larger hippocampal volume ( p < 0.01 ) in old age ( age 66 - 87 ) , compared with old age individuals whose midlife episodic memory had either declined or remained stable during midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 midlife 2 memory
2 memory 3 improvement
3 improvement 26 ,
4 was 5 associated
4 was 26 ,
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 14 <
5 associated 17 in
6 with 8 %
6 with 11 volume
7 13 8 %
9 larger 11 volume
10 hippocampal 11 volume
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.01
14 < 16 )
17 in 19 age
18 old 19 age
19 age 21 age
20 ( 21 age
21 age 22 66
21 age 24 87
21 age 25 )
23 - 24 87
24 87 25 )
26 , 27 compared
27 compared 28 with
27 compared 42 during
28 with 30 age
29 old 30 age
30 age 31 individuals
30 age 41 stable
31 individuals 32 whose
31 individuals 33 midlife
31 individuals 40 remained
31 individuals 41 stable
32 whose 33 midlife
33 midlife 39 or
34 episodic 35 memory
35 memory 36 had
36 had 38 declined
36 had 39 or
37 either 38 declined
39 or 40 remained
42 during 43 midlife

midlife memory change did not predict total hippocampal volume for those currently in late middle age ( age 52 - 65 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 midlife 3 change
2 memory 3 change
3 change 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 predict
6 predict 9 volume
6 predict 12 currently
6 predict 13 in
7 total 9 volume
8 hippocampal 9 volume
9 volume 10 for
10 for 11 those
13 in 16 age
14 late 15 middle
15 middle 16 age
16 age 18 age
17 ( 18 age
18 age 20 -
18 age 22 )
19 52 20 -
20 - 21 65

the pattern of findings was not modified by gender , apolipoprotein ε4 status , education or current memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 of
2 pattern 5 was
3 of 4 findings
5 was 6 not
5 was 8 by
6 not 7 modified
8 by 16 or
9 gender 10 ,
10 , 13 status
10 , 14 ,
11 apolipoprotein 13 status
12 ε4 13 status
14 , 15 education
14 , 16 or
16 or 19 performance
17 current 18 memory
18 memory 19 performance

change in midlife memory scores over 14 years , but not any single assessment , predicted hippocampal volumes in old age , emphasizing the importance of longitudinal data in examining brain - cognition relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 predicted
1 change 2 in
1 change 5 scores
2 in 4 memory
3 midlife 4 memory
5 scores 10 but
6 over 7 14
7 14 8 years
8 years 10 but
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 not
10 but 14 assessment
12 any 14 assessment
13 single 14 assessment
15 , 16 predicted
16 predicted 18 volumes
16 predicted 19 in
16 predicted 35 .
17 hippocampal 18 volumes
19 in 21 age
20 old 21 age
21 age 23 emphasizing
21 age 34 relationships
22 , 23 emphasizing
23 emphasizing 25 importance
23 emphasizing 29 in
23 emphasizing 32 -
24 the 25 importance
25 importance 26 of
26 of 28 data
27 longitudinal 28 data
29 in 30 examining
30 examining 31 brain
32 - 34 relationships
33 cognition 34 relationships
34 relationships 35 .

these findings suggest that improvement in memory in midlife is associated with sparing of hippocampal volume in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 improvement
4 that 11 associated
5 improvement 6 in
5 improvement 10 is
6 in 7 memory
7 memory 8 in
8 in 9 midlife
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 17 in
12 with 13 sparing
13 sparing 14 of
14 of 16 volume
15 hippocampal 16 volume
17 in 19 life
18 later 19 life

prion diseases associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein ( prp [(] c [ )( (to the misfolded isoform ( [prp] ( sc [ )( (, affect the central nervous system ( cns [ )(of humans and animals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 (,
1 prion 2 diseases
2 diseases 28 (,
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 28 (,
4 with 6 conversion
4 with 18 (to
5 the 6 conversion
6 conversion 7 of
6 conversion 13 prp
7 of 11 protein
8 the 11 protein
9 cellular 10 prion
10 prion 11 protein
12 ( 13 prp
13 prp 15 c
13 prp 17 )(
18 (to 21 isoform
19 the 21 isoform
20 misfolded 21 isoform
22 ( 25 sc
22 ( 28 (,
24 ( 25 sc
25 sc 27 )(
28 (, 29 affect
29 affect 33 system
30 the 33 system
31 central 33 system
32 nervous 33 system
33 system 35 cns
34 ( 35 cns
35 cns 37 )(of
35 cns 41 .
37 )(of 39 and
38 humans 39 and
39 and 40 animals

resveratrol , an activator of class [iii] histone deacetylase sirt1 , is important in attenuating cellular injury and oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 resveratrol 4 activator
1 resveratrol 12 is
2 , 4 activator
3 an 4 activator
4 activator 5 of
4 activator 11 ,
5 of 10 sirt1
6 class 9 deacetylase
8 histone 9 deacetylase
9 deacetylase 10 sirt1
12 is 20 stress
13 important 14 in
13 important 18 and
14 in 15 attenuating
15 attenuating 17 injury
16 cellular 17 injury
18 and 19 oxidative
18 and 20 stress

the present study investigated the effects of sirt1 activation on prion protein - mediated neuronal cell death and examined its possible signals in intracellular apoptotic pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 effects
4 investigated 10 on
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 9 activation
8 sirt1 9 activation
10 on 12 protein
11 prion 12 protein
13 - 18 and
14 mediated 17 death
14 mediated 18 and
15 neuronal 16 cell
16 cell 17 death
18 and 19 examined
19 examined 22 signals
19 examined 23 in
20 its 22 signals
21 possible 22 signals
23 in 26 pathways
24 intracellular 26 pathways
25 apoptotic 26 pathways

resveratrol treatment significantly increased both sirt1 protein expression and sirt1 activity and protected neuronal cells against prp ( 106 - 126 ) - induced cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 resveratrol 2 treatment
2 treatment 12 and
3 significantly 4 increased
4 increased 11 activity
4 increased 12 and
5 both 9 and
6 sirt1 8 expression
7 protein 8 expression
8 expression 9 and
9 and 10 sirt1
9 and 11 activity
12 and 13 protected
13 protected 15 cells
14 neuronal 15 cells
15 cells 16 against
15 cells 20 -
16 against 17 prp
18 ( 20 -
19 106 20 -
20 - 21 126
20 - 22 )
23 - 26 death
23 - 27 .
24 induced 25 cell
25 cell 26 death

resveratrol - mediated sirt1 activation decreased the acetylation of p53 and p65 induced by prion protein and sirt1 inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 resveratrol 2 -
1 resveratrol 5 activation
3 mediated 5 activation
4 sirt1 5 activation
5 activation 6 decreased
6 decreased 8 acetylation
6 decreased 14 by
7 the 8 acetylation
8 acetylation 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 p53 11 and
11 and 12 p65
11 and 13 induced
14 by 17 and
15 prion 16 protein
16 protein 17 and
17 and 19 inhibitor
18 sirt1 19 inhibitor

sirt1 activation also inhibited prp ( 106 - 126 ) - mediated p38 mitogen - activating protein [kinase] ( mapk ) activation and caspase [-] 3 cleavage , and increased the expression of anti - apoptotic bcl - xl protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 sirt1 2 activation
2 activation 29 and
3 also 4 inhibited
4 inhibited 5 prp
4 inhibited 29 and
5 prp 7 106
6 ( 7 106
7 106 9 126
7 106 23 and
7 106 28 ,
8 - 9 126
9 126 10 )
11 - 23 and
12 mediated 22 activation
13 p38 22 activation
14 mitogen 17 protein
14 mitogen 22 activation
15 - 17 protein
16 activating 17 protein
17 protein 20 mapk
17 protein 21 )
19 ( 20 mapk
20 mapk 21 )
22 activation 23 and
23 and 27 cleavage
23 and 28 ,
24 caspase 27 cleavage
26 3 27 cleavage
29 and 30 increased
30 increased 32 expression
31 the 32 expression
32 expression 33 of
33 of 40 protein
34 anti 37 bcl
34 anti 39 xl
35 - 37 bcl
36 apoptotic 37 bcl
37 bcl 38 -
39 xl 40 protein

furthermore , sirt1 overexpression by using [adenoviral] [vector] protected neuronal cells against prp ( 106 - 126 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 overexpression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 protected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 overexpression
3 sirt1 4 overexpression
4 overexpression 5 by
4 overexpression 9 protected
5 by 6 using
9 protected 11 cells
10 neuronal 11 cells
11 cells 12 against
12 against 13 prp
13 prp 16 -
14 ( 16 -
15 106 16 -
16 - 17 126
16 - 18 )

these results indicate that resveratrol inhibits prp ( 106 - 126 ) - induced neuronal cell death by regulating sirt1 activity and sirt - related signaling , and suggest that prion - related disease may be attenuated by sirt1 activation or by intake of sirt1 - activating molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
1 these 2 results
2 results 28 and
3 indicate 4 that
3 indicate 28 and
4 that 5 resveratrol
4 that 6 inhibits
5 resveratrol 6 inhibits
6 inhibits 7 prp
6 inhibits 10 -
6 inhibits 24 -
8 ( 10 -
9 106 10 -
10 - 11 126
10 - 12 )
13 - 24 -
14 induced 16 cell
15 neuronal 16 cell
16 cell 17 death
17 death 18 by
17 death 24 -
18 by 19 regulating
19 regulating 22 and
20 sirt1 21 activity
21 activity 22 and
22 and 23 sirt
24 - 26 signaling
24 - 27 ,
25 related 26 signaling
28 and 29 suggest
29 suggest 30 that
30 that 31 prion
30 that 37 attenuated
31 prion 35 may
32 - 33 related
33 related 34 disease
33 related 35 may
35 may 36 be
36 be 37 attenuated
37 attenuated 41 or
38 by 40 activation
38 by 41 or
39 sirt1 40 activation
41 or 42 by
42 by 43 intake
43 intake 44 of
44 of 45 sirt1
45 sirt1 47 activating
46 - 47 activating
47 activating 48 molecules
47 activating 49 .

objective : to determine age - specific serum anti - müllerian [hormone] ( amh ) values for women presenting to u.s . fertility clinics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 22 .
2 : 25 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 age
4 determine 16 values
5 age 11 müllerian
5 age 16 values
6 - 11 müllerian
7 specific 8 serum
8 serum 11 müllerian
9 anti 10 -
9 anti 11 müllerian
11 müllerian 14 amh
11 müllerian 15 )
13 ( 14 amh
14 amh 15 )
16 values 17 for
16 values 19 presenting
17 for 18 women
19 presenting 20 to
20 to 21 u.s
22 . 24 clinics
23 fertility 24 clinics

design : retrospective study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 retrospective 4 study

setting : single clinical reference laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 laboratory
2 : 7 .
3 single 5 reference
4 clinical 5 reference
5 reference 6 laboratory

patient ( s ) : a total of 17,120 women of reproductive age ranging from 24 to 50 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 patient 3 s
1 patient 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 7 total
6 a 7 total
7 total 8 of
8 of 10 women
9 17,120 10 women
10 women 11 of
10 women 15 from
11 of 13 age
12 reproductive 13 age
13 age 14 ranging
15 from 17 to
16 24 17 to
17 to 18 50
17 to 20 old
18 50 19 years
19 years 20 old

intervention ( s ) : none . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 intervention 3 s
1 intervention 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 none

main outcome measure ( s ) : determination of single - year median and mean amh values with sds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measure
3 measure 5 s
3 measure 7 :
4 ( 5 s
5 s 6 )
7 : 8 determination
8 determination 9 of
9 of 17 values
10 single 11 -
10 single 17 values
12 year 17 values
13 median 14 and
14 and 15 mean
14 and 17 values
16 amh 17 values
17 values 18 with
18 with 19 sds

result ( s ) : single - year [-] specific median , mean , and sd values are summarized in table 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 result 3 s
1 result 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 single
7 - 13 mean
7 - 15 and
7 - 23 .
8 year 13 mean
10 specific 13 mean
11 median 12 ,
11 median 13 mean
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 values
15 and 19 summarized
16 sd 17 values
17 values 18 are
18 are 19 summarized
19 summarized 20 in
20 in 21 table
21 table 22 1

both median and mean amh values decreased steadily in a manner highly correlated with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 both 6 values
2 median 3 and
3 and 4 mean
3 and 6 values
5 amh 6 values
6 values 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 steadily
7 decreased 9 in
7 decreased 14 with
9 in 11 manner
10 a 11 manner
11 manner 13 correlated
12 highly 13 correlated
14 with 15 advancing
15 advancing 16 age

the average yearly decrease in the median serum amh value was 0.2 ng/ml/year through age 35 and then diminished to 0.1 ng/ml/year after age 35 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 4 decrease
2 average 4 decrease
3 yearly 4 decrease
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 17 and
5 in 10 value
6 the 10 value
7 median 8 serum
8 serum 10 value
9 amh 10 value
11 was 13 ng/ml/year
11 was 17 and
12 0.2 13 ng/ml/year
13 ng/ml/year 14 through
14 through 15 age
15 age 16 35
17 and 19 diminished
17 and 20 to
17 and 23 after
18 then 19 diminished
20 to 22 ng/ml/year
21 0.1 22 ng/ml/year
23 after 24 age
24 age 25 35

the rate of [decline] in mean amh values was 0.2 ng/ml/year through age 40 and then diminished to 0.1 ng/ml/year thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 15 and
3 of 5 in
5 in 8 values
6 mean 8 values
7 amh 8 values
9 was 11 ng/ml/year
9 was 15 and
10 0.2 11 ng/ml/year
11 ng/ml/year 12 through
12 through 13 age
13 age 14 40
15 and 17 diminished
15 and 18 to
15 and 21 thereafter
16 then 17 diminished
18 to 20 ng/ml/year
19 0.1 20 ng/ml/year

conclusion ( s ) : median and mean amh levels decreased steadily with increasing age from 24 to 50 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusion 3 s
1 conclusion 5 :
2 ( 3 s
3 s 4 )
5 : 6 median
7 and 10 levels
7 and 11 decreased
8 mean 10 levels
9 amh 10 levels
10 levels 11 decreased
11 decreased 12 steadily
11 decreased 13 with
11 decreased 16 from
13 with 14 increasing
14 increasing 15 age
16 from 20 years
17 24 18 to
18 to 19 50
18 to 20 years
20 years 21 of
21 of 22 age

such data may be of value to physicians and their patients who are considering reproductive options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 such 2 data
2 data 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 5 of
4 be 7 to
5 of 6 value
7 to 9 and
8 physicians 9 and
9 and 11 patients
9 and 12 who
9 and 13 are
10 their 11 patients
12 who 13 are
13 are 14 considering
14 considering 16 options
15 reproductive 16 options

th17 cells , which produce il - 17 and il - 22 , promote autoimmunity in mice and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 th17 2 cells
2 cells 4 which
2 cells 18 and
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 produce
4 which 13 ,
5 produce 6 il
6 il 10 il
7 - 10 il
8 17 9 and
9 and 10 il
10 il 12 22
10 il 13 ,
11 - 12 22
12 22 13 ,
14 promote 15 autoimmunity
14 promote 16 in
14 promote 18 and
16 in 17 mice
18 and 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 21 implicated
21 implicated 22 in
21 implicated 28 in
22 in 24 pathogenesis
23 the 24 pathogenesis
24 pathogenesis 25 of
25 of 27 diseases
26 autoimmune/inflammatory 27 diseases
28 in 29 humans

however , the th17 immune response in the aging process is still not clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 response
3 the 6 response
4 th17 6 response
5 immune 6 response
6 response 7 in
6 response 11 is
7 in 10 process
8 the 10 process
9 aging 10 process
11 is 12 still
11 is 13 not
11 is 14 clear

in the present study , we found that the induction of il - 17 - producing cd4 [(] [+] ) t [cells] was significantly increased in aged individuals compared with young healthy ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 found
7 found 8 that
7 found 10 induction
9 the 10 induction
10 induction 11 of
11 of 12 il
13 - 14 17
13 - 15 -
14 17 15 -
15 - 21 t
16 producing 17 cd4
16 producing 20 )
16 producing 21 t
21 t 23 was
23 was 24 significantly
23 was 25 increased
25 increased 26 in
26 in 28 individuals
27 aged 28 individuals
28 individuals 29 compared
29 compared 30 with
30 with 33 ones
31 young 33 ones
32 healthy 33 ones

the mrna expression of il - 17 , il - 17f , il - 22 , and rorc2 was also significantly increased in aged people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 expression
2 mrna 3 expression
3 expression 4 of
3 expression 19 was
4 of 17 and
5 il 7 17
5 il 17 and
6 - 7 17
7 17 9 il
7 17 16 ,
8 , 9 il
9 il 11 17f
9 il 13 il
9 il 16 ,
10 - 11 17f
11 17f 12 ,
12 , 13 il
13 il 15 22
13 il 16 ,
14 - 15 22
15 22 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 rorc2
19 was 22 increased
20 also 22 increased
21 significantly 22 increased
22 increased 23 in
23 in 25 people
24 aged 25 people

similar to humans , th17 cells as well as mrnas encoding il - 17 , il - 22 and rorγt were dramatically elevated in naïve [t] cells from aged mouse compared [to] young ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 rorγt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 similar 2 to
1 similar 15 ,
1 similar 20 rorγt
2 to 3 humans
3 humans 6 cells
3 humans 14 17
4 , 6 cells
5 th17 6 cells
6 cells 9 as
6 cells 13 -
7 as 8 well
8 well 9 as
9 as 10 mrnas
10 mrnas 11 encoding
11 encoding 12 il
13 - 14 17
14 17 15 ,
16 il 17 -
16 il 20 rorγt
18 22 19 and
19 and 20 rorγt
20 rorγt 21 were
21 were 23 elevated
22 dramatically 23 elevated
23 elevated 24 in
24 in 27 cells
25 naïve 27 cells
27 cells 28 from
28 from 34 ones
29 aged 30 mouse
30 mouse 31 compared
31 compared 34 ones
33 young 34 ones

in addition , cd44 positive il - 17 - producing cd4 [(] [+] ) [t] cells were significantly higher in aged mice , suggesting that memory t cells are an important source of il - 17 production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 17 were
2 addition 6 il
3 , 6 il
4 cd44 6 il
5 positive 6 il
6 il 8 17
6 il 10 producing
6 il 14 )
7 - 8 17
8 17 9 -
9 - 10 producing
10 producing 11 cd4
10 producing 14 )
16 cells 17 were
17 were 18 significantly
17 were 19 higher
19 higher 20 in
19 higher 24 suggesting
20 in 22 mice
21 aged 22 mice
23 , 24 suggesting
24 suggesting 25 that
24 suggesting 35 -
25 that 28 cells
25 that 29 are
26 memory 27 t
26 memory 28 cells
28 cells 29 are
29 are 32 source
30 an 31 important
30 an 32 source
31 important 32 source
32 source 33 of
33 of 34 il
35 - 37 production
35 - 38 .
36 17 37 production

furthermore , the percentage [of] il - 17 - producing cd4 [(] [+] [ )(t cells generated in co - culture with dendritic cells from either aged or young mice did not show significant differences , suggesting that dendritic cells do not play a primary role in the elevation of th17 cytokines in aged mouse cells [.] 
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 il
3 the 6 il
4 percentage 6 il
6 il 8 17
6 il 10 producing
6 il 17 generated
7 - 8 17
8 17 9 -
9 - 10 producing
10 producing 16 cells
11 cd4 15 )(t
11 cd4 16 cells
17 generated 18 in
17 generated 22 with
17 generated 25 from
17 generated 28 or
18 in 21 culture
19 co 20 -
19 co 21 culture
22 with 24 cells
23 dendritic 24 cells
25 from 26 either
27 aged 28 or
28 or 29 young
28 or 30 mice
28 or 33 show
28 or 37 suggesting
30 mice 31 did
31 did 32 not
31 did 33 show
33 show 35 differences
34 significant 35 differences
36 , 37 suggesting
37 suggesting 38 that
38 that 40 cells
38 that 43 play
39 dendritic 40 cells
40 cells 41 do
41 do 42 not
41 do 43 play
43 play 46 role
44 a 46 role
45 primary 46 role
46 role 47 in
46 role 50 of
47 in 49 elevation
48 the 49 elevation
50 of 52 cytokines
51 th17 52 cytokines
52 cytokines 53 in
53 in 56 cells
54 aged 55 mouse
55 mouse 56 cells

importantly , [transfer] of cd4 [(] [+] )cd45rb ( hi ) cells from aged mice induced more severe colitis in rag ( [-] [/] [-] [ )(mice compared to cells from young mice , taken together , these results suggest that [th17] immune responses are elevated in aging humans and mice and may contribute to the increased development of inflammatory disorders in the elderly [.] 
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 12 cells
4 of 8 )cd45rb
4 of 12 cells
5 cd4 8 )cd45rb
9 ( 10 hi
10 hi 11 )
10 hi 12 cells
12 cells 13 from
12 cells 16 induced
13 from 15 mice
14 aged 15 mice
16 induced 19 colitis
16 induced 20 in
17 more 19 colitis
18 severe 19 colitis
20 in 21 rag
21 rag 27 )(mice
22 ( 27 )(mice
27 )(mice 28 compared
27 )(mice 31 from
27 )(mice 35 taken
27 )(mice 37 ,
28 compared 29 to
29 to 30 cells
31 from 33 mice
32 young 33 mice
34 , 35 taken
35 taken 36 together
35 taken 37 ,
37 , 40 suggest
38 these 39 results
39 results 40 suggest
40 suggest 52 and
41 that 43 immune
43 immune 44 responses
44 responses 45 are
45 are 52 and
46 elevated 47 in
46 elevated 50 and
46 elevated 52 and
47 in 48 aging
49 humans 50 and
50 and 51 mice
52 and 53 may
53 may 54 contribute
54 contribute 55 to
54 contribute 62 in
55 to 58 development
56 the 58 development
57 increased 58 development
58 development 59 of
59 of 61 disorders
60 inflammatory 61 disorders
62 in 64 elderly
63 the 64 elderly

studies addressing immunosenescence in the immune system have expanded to focus on the innate as well as the adaptive responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expanded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 studies 2 addressing
1 studies 8 have
2 addressing 3 immunosenescence
2 addressing 4 in
4 in 7 system
5 the 7 system
6 immune 7 system
8 have 9 expanded
9 expanded 10 to
9 expanded 17 as
10 to 11 focus
11 focus 12 on
12 on 14 innate
13 the 14 innate
15 as 16 well
16 well 17 as
17 as 20 responses
18 the 20 responses
19 adaptive 20 responses

in particular , aging results in alterations in the function of toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) , the first described pattern recognition receptor family of the innate immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 21 first
3 , 4 aging
4 aging 5 results
4 aging 8 in
4 aging 14 like
4 aging 19 ,
4 aging 21 first
5 results 6 in
6 in 7 alterations
8 in 10 function
9 the 10 function
10 function 11 of
11 of 12 toll
13 - 14 like
14 like 15 receptors
14 like 19 ,
15 receptors 17 tlrs
16 ( 17 tlrs
17 tlrs 18 )
20 the 21 first
21 first 22 described
22 described 26 family
23 pattern 26 family
24 recognition 25 receptor
25 receptor 26 family
26 family 27 of
27 of 31 system
28 the 31 system
29 innate 31 system
30 immune 31 system

recent studies [have] begun to elucidate the consequences of aging on tlr function in human cohorts and add to existing findings performed in animal models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 4 begun
2 studies 11 on
2 studies 17 and
4 begun 5 to
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 8 consequences
7 the 8 consequences
8 consequences 9 of
9 of 10 aging
11 on 12 tlr
13 function 14 in
13 function 17 and
14 in 16 cohorts
15 human 16 cohorts
17 and 18 add
17 and 19 to
17 and 21 findings
19 to 20 existing
21 findings 22 performed
21 findings 23 in
23 in 25 models
24 animal 25 models

in general , these studies show that human tlr function is impaired in the context of aging , and in addition there is evidence for inappropriate persistence of tlr activation in specific systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 5 studies
4 these 5 studies
5 studies 6 show
6 show 10 function
6 show 12 impaired
7 that 10 function
8 human 10 function
9 tlr 10 function
10 function 11 is
11 is 12 impaired
12 impaired 13 in
13 in 15 context
14 the 15 context
15 context 16 of
16 of 17 aging
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 there
19 and 23 is
20 in 21 addition
20 in 22 there
22 there 23 is
23 is 24 evidence
23 is 25 for
23 is 31 in
25 for 27 persistence
26 inappropriate 27 persistence
27 persistence 28 of
28 of 30 activation
29 tlr 30 activation
31 in 33 systems
32 specific 33 systems

these findings are consistent with an overarching theme of age - associated dysregulation of tlr signaling that likely contributes to the increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases found in geriatric patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 are
3 are 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
5 with 8 theme
6 an 8 theme
7 overarching 8 theme
8 theme 9 of
9 of 10 age
11 - 13 dysregulation
11 - 19 contributes
11 - 24 and
11 - 33 .
12 associated 13 dysregulation
13 dysregulation 14 of
13 dysregulation 16 signaling
13 dysregulation 19 contributes
14 of 15 tlr
17 that 18 likely
18 likely 19 contributes
19 contributes 20 to
20 to 23 morbidity
21 the 23 morbidity
22 increased 23 morbidity
24 and 25 mortality
24 and 29 found
25 mortality 26 from
25 mortality 29 found
26 from 28 diseases
27 infectious 28 diseases
29 found 30 in
29 found 32 patients
31 geriatric 32 patients

the abundance of a selection of transcript species involved in inflammation , immunosenescence and stress response was compared between pbmc of 35 geriatric patients with hip [fracture] in acute phase [(] days 2 - 4 after hospitalization ) or convalescence phase ( days 7 - 10 ) and 28 healthy aged controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abundance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
1 the 2 abundance
2 abundance 3 of
2 abundance 6 of
2 abundance 17 was
3 of 5 selection
4 a 5 selection
6 of 14 and
7 transcript 8 species
8 species 9 involved
8 species 10 in
8 species 12 ,
10 in 11 inflammation
12 , 13 immunosenescence
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 response
15 stress 16 response
17 was 18 compared
18 compared 19 between
18 compared 25 with
19 between 20 pbmc
20 pbmc 21 of
21 of 24 patients
22 35 24 patients
23 geriatric 24 patients
25 with 39 or
26 hip 28 in
26 hip 39 or
28 in 32 days
29 acute 30 phase
30 phase 32 days
32 days 33 2
32 days 35 4
34 - 35 4
35 4 36 after
35 4 38 )
36 after 37 hospitalization
39 or 41 phase
39 or 48 and
40 convalescence 41 phase
42 ( 48 and
43 days 44 7
43 days 46 10
43 days 48 and
45 - 46 10
46 10 47 )
48 and 52 controls
48 and 53 .
49 28 52 controls
50 healthy 52 controls
51 aged 52 controls

twenty - nine differentially abundant transcripts were identified in acute phase [versus] healthy ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 transcripts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 nine
2 - 6 transcripts
4 differentially 5 abundant
5 abundant 6 transcripts
6 transcripts 7 were
7 were 8 identified
8 identified 9 in
9 in 14 ageing
10 acute 11 phase
11 phase 14 ageing
13 healthy 14 ageing

twelve of these transcripts remained differentially abundant in convalescence [phase] , and 22 were similarly differentially abundant in acute phase [of] geriatric infectious diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twelve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 twelve 2 of
1 twelve 5 remained
2 of 4 transcripts
3 these 4 transcripts
5 remained 6 differentially
5 remained 7 abundant
7 abundant 8 in
8 in 9 convalescence
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 22
12 and 14 were
13 22 14 were
14 were 15 similarly
14 were 16 differentially
14 were 17 abundant
17 abundant 18 in
18 in 24 diseases
19 acute 20 phase
20 phase 24 diseases
22 geriatric 24 diseases
23 infectious 24 diseases

seven of these 22 transcripts were previously identified as differentially abundant in pbmc of healthy aged [versus] healthy young controls , with further alteration for cd28 , cd69 , lck , ctsd , hmox1 , and tnfrsf1a [in] acute phase [after] geriatric hip fracture and infectious diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 seven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 seven 2 of
1 seven 6 were
2 of 5 transcripts
3 these 4 22
4 22 5 transcripts
6 were 8 identified
7 previously 8 identified
8 identified 10 differentially
8 identified 11 abundant
9 as 10 differentially
11 abundant 12 in
12 in 13 pbmc
13 pbmc 14 of
14 of 20 controls
15 healthy 20 controls
16 aged 20 controls
18 healthy 20 controls
19 young 20 controls
20 controls 22 with
21 , 22 with
22 with 24 alteration
22 with 25 for
22 with 27 ,
23 further 24 alteration
25 for 26 cd28
27 , 45 and
28 cd69 29 ,
29 , 30 lck
29 , 36 and
30 lck 32 ctsd
31 , 32 ctsd
32 ctsd 34 hmox1
32 ctsd 35 ,
33 , 34 hmox1
34 hmox1 35 ,
36 and 44 fracture
36 and 45 and
37 tnfrsf1a 43 hip
39 acute 40 phase
40 phase 43 hip
42 geriatric 43 hip
43 hip 44 fracture
45 and 47 diseases
46 infectious 47 diseases

the next question is whether these alterations are common to other geriatric diseases [and/or] [preexist] before the clinical onset of the diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 next
1 the 3 question
3 question 4 is
4 is 5 whether
5 whether 7 alterations
5 whether 8 are
6 these 7 alterations
7 alterations 8 are
8 are 9 common
9 common 10 to
9 common 16 before
10 to 13 diseases
11 other 13 diseases
12 geriatric 13 diseases
16 before 19 onset
17 the 19 onset
18 clinical 19 onset
19 onset 20 of
20 of 22 diseases
21 the 22 diseases

study objectives : during sleep deprivation ( sd ) , failures to respond ( fr ) increase across a variety of tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 study 2 objectives
2 objectives 3 :
3 : 4 during
4 during 6 deprivation
5 sleep 6 deprivation
6 deprivation 8 sd
7 ( 8 sd
8 sd 9 )
10 , 11 failures
10 , 17 increase
11 failures 12 to
11 failures 13 respond
11 failures 15 fr
11 failures 17 increase
12 to 13 respond
14 ( 15 fr
15 fr 16 )
17 increase 18 across
18 across 20 variety
19 a 20 variety
20 variety 21 of
21 of 22 tasks

this is the first systematic investigation of neural [correlates] [of] fr during sd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 6 investigation
3 the 4 first
3 the 6 investigation
5 systematic 6 investigation
6 investigation 7 of
7 of 11 fr
8 neural 11 fr
11 fr 12 during
12 during 13 sd

we use multivariate analysis to model neural activation separately for fr and responses ( r ) at each trial phase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 use
2 use 4 analysis
2 use 5 to
2 use 6 model
3 multivariate 4 analysis
5 to 6 model
6 model 8 activation
6 model 9 separately
6 model 10 for
6 model 17 at
7 neural 8 activation
10 for 12 and
11 fr 12 and
12 and 13 responses
12 and 15 r
14 ( 15 r
15 r 16 )
17 at 20 phase
18 each 20 phase
19 trial 20 phase

setting : in two experiments a delayed letter recognition task was performed in a 1.5 t scanner at 9:30 am after two nights of total sd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 10 task
2 : 12 performed
3 in 5 experiments
3 in 10 task
4 two 5 experiments
6 a 10 task
7 delayed 8 letter
8 letter 9 recognition
9 recognition 10 task
10 task 11 was
11 was 12 performed
12 performed 13 in
13 in 17 scanner
14 a 17 scanner
15 1.5 16 t
16 t 17 scanner
17 scanner 18 at
17 scanner 21 after
17 scanner 24 of
18 at 20 am
19 9:30 20 am
21 after 23 nights
22 two 23 nights
24 of 26 sd
25 total 26 sd

participants were continuously monitored in the laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 monitored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 monitored
3 continuously 4 monitored
4 monitored 5 in
5 in 7 laboratory
6 the 7 laboratory

participants : healthy young adults from two sd experiments ( combined n=37 [;] aged 25.55 ± 3.86 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 5 adults
3 healthy 5 adults
4 young 5 adults
5 adults 6 from
6 from 9 experiments
7 two 9 experiments
8 sd 9 experiments
9 experiments 18 years
10 ( 18 years
11 combined 18 years
12 n=37 18 years
14 aged 18 years
15 25.55 18 years
16 ± 18 years
17 3.86 18 years
18 years 19 )

materials and methods : multivariate linear modeling ( mlm ) was used to find networks of activation that differed between fr and r . at each of three trial phases - encoding , retention , and test - two networks were expressed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 modeling
4 : 12 used
4 : 24 .
4 : 43 .
5 multivariate 7 modeling
6 linear 7 modeling
7 modeling 9 mlm
7 modeling 11 was
8 ( 9 mlm
9 mlm 10 )
11 was 12 used
12 used 13 to
12 used 14 find
13 to 14 find
14 find 15 networks
14 find 20 between
15 networks 16 of
15 networks 18 that
15 networks 19 differed
16 of 17 activation
18 that 19 differed
20 between 22 and
21 fr 22 and
22 and 23 r
24 . 25 at
24 . 41 were
25 at 30 phases
25 at 41 were
26 each 27 of
26 each 30 phases
27 of 30 phases
28 three 29 trial
29 trial 30 phases
30 phases 36 and
31 - 36 and
32 encoding 33 ,
33 , 34 retention
33 , 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 test
36 and 38 -
39 two 40 networks
40 networks 41 were
41 were 42 expressed

in the encoding phase , the second network was seen during fr and was not seen during r . this network constituted widespread deactivations ( ∼26,000 voxels [ )(of fronto - parietal and thalamic areas concomitant with activation of extrastriate [cortex] and hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 4 phase
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 network
2 the 4 phase
3 encoding 4 phase
6 the 8 network
7 second 8 network
8 network 13 and
9 was 10 seen
9 was 13 and
10 seen 11 during
11 during 12 fr
13 and 14 was
13 and 17 during
14 was 15 not
14 was 16 seen
17 during 18 r
19 . 21 network
19 . 22 constituted
20 this 21 network
21 network 22 constituted
22 constituted 24 deactivations
23 widespread 24 deactivations
24 deactivations 27 voxels
24 deactivations 35 areas
25 ( 27 voxels
26 ∼26,000 27 voxels
27 voxels 29 )(of
27 voxels 31 -
29 )(of 30 fronto
31 - 35 areas
32 parietal 33 and
33 and 34 thalamic
33 and 35 areas
35 areas 36 concomitant
35 areas 39 of
35 areas 44 .
36 concomitant 37 with
37 with 38 activation
39 of 42 and
40 extrastriate 42 and
42 and 43 hippocampus

conclusions : fr were most associated with neural disruptions occurring at the encoding phase when subjects must attend [to] and encode items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 fr
2 : 4 were
3 fr 4 were
4 were 5 most
4 were 7 with
4 were 10 occurring
5 most 6 associated
7 with 9 disruptions
8 neural 9 disruptions
10 occurring 11 at
10 occurring 15 when
11 at 14 phase
12 the 14 phase
13 encoding 14 phase
15 when 16 subjects
15 when 20 and
16 subjects 17 must
17 must 20 and
18 attend 20 and
20 and 21 encode
21 encode 22 items

further , expression of this fr - related [encoding] - phase network made the largest independent contribution to predicting vulnerability to overall sd - related impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 expression
3 expression 4 of
3 expression 13 made
4 of 12 network
5 this 12 network
6 fr 8 related
6 fr 12 network
7 - 8 related
8 related 10 -
11 phase 12 network
13 made 17 contribution
13 made 18 to
13 made 21 to
14 the 15 largest
14 the 17 contribution
16 independent 17 contribution
18 to 19 predicting
19 predicting 20 vulnerability
21 to 23 sd
22 overall 23 sd
24 - 25 related
25 related 26 impairment

perception of visual motion declines during healthy aging , and evidence suggests that this reflects decreases in cortical gaba inhibition that increase neural noise and motion bandwidths . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 perception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 perception 2 of
1 perception 12 suggests
2 of 5 declines
3 visual 4 motion
4 motion 5 declines
5 declines 6 during
6 during 10 and
7 healthy 8 aging
7 healthy 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 evidence
12 suggests 13 that
13 that 14 this
13 that 15 reflects
14 this 15 reflects
15 reflects 16 decreases
16 decreases 17 in
16 decreases 21 that
16 decreases 22 increase
17 in 20 inhibition
18 cortical 20 inhibition
19 gaba 20 inhibition
21 that 22 increase
22 increase 24 noise
23 neural 24 noise
25 and 26 motion
25 and 27 bandwidths
26 motion 27 bandwidths

this is supported by neurophysiological data on motion perception in senescent monkeys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 supported
3 supported 4 by
3 supported 7 on
3 supported 10 in
4 by 6 data
5 neurophysiological 6 data
7 on 9 perception
8 motion 9 perception
10 in 12 monkeys
11 senescent 12 monkeys

much less is known about deficits in higher level form vision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 much 2 less
2 less 3 is
3 is 4 known
4 known 5 about
4 known 7 in
5 about 6 deficits
7 in 11 vision
8 higher 9 level
9 level 11 vision
10 form 11 vision

for example , face perception of frontal views remains relatively constant from adolescence through age 70 with a modest decline thereafter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 perception
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 5 perception
4 face 5 perception
5 perception 6 of
5 perception 9 remains
6 of 8 views
7 frontal 8 views
9 remains 11 constant
10 relatively 11 constant
11 constant 12 from
11 constant 14 through
11 constant 17 with
11 constant 21 thereafter
12 from 13 adolescence
14 through 15 age
15 age 16 70
17 with 20 decline
18 a 19 modest
18 a 20 decline
19 modest 20 decline

however , we have shown recently that the elderly have a specific deficit in face matching when a transformation must be made between frontal and left or right side views . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 6 recently
5 shown 7 that
7 that 9 elderly
7 that 10 have
8 the 9 elderly
9 elderly 10 have
10 have 13 deficit
10 have 22 made
11 a 12 specific
11 a 13 deficit
12 specific 13 deficit
13 deficit 14 in
13 deficit 17 when
14 in 16 matching
15 face 16 matching
17 when 19 transformation
17 when 21 be
18 a 19 transformation
19 transformation 20 must
20 must 21 be
22 made 23 between
23 between 30 views
24 frontal 25 and
25 and 27 or
25 and 29 side
26 left 27 or
27 or 28 right
29 side 30 views

here we use face view adaptation to demonstrate that this deficit results from significant broadening of cortical bandwidths for face orientation along with increased internal noise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 use
3 use 6 adaptation
3 use 7 to
3 use 8 demonstrate
4 face 6 adaptation
5 view 6 adaptation
7 to 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 9 that
9 that 11 deficit
9 that 12 results
10 this 11 deficit
11 deficit 12 results
12 results 13 from
13 from 15 broadening
14 significant 15 broadening
15 broadening 16 of
16 of 18 bandwidths
17 cortical 18 bandwidths
18 bandwidths 19 for
19 for 21 orientation
20 face 21 orientation
21 orientation 23 with
22 along 23 with
23 with 26 noise
24 increased 26 noise
25 internal 26 noise

a neural model shows that these bandwidths increase by a factor of 1.74 between age 26 and age 67 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 3 model
2 neural 3 model
3 model 4 shows
4 shows 5 that
5 that 7 bandwidths
5 that 17 and
6 these 7 bandwidths
7 bandwidths 17 and
8 increase 9 by
8 increase 14 between
8 increase 17 and
9 by 11 factor
10 a 11 factor
11 factor 12 of
12 of 13 1.74
14 between 15 age
15 age 16 26
17 and 18 age
17 and 20 years
19 67 20 years

this is similar to the increase reported for motion bandwidths in senescent monkeys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 similar
3 similar 4 to
4 to 6 increase
5 the 6 increase
6 increase 7 reported
7 reported 8 for
7 reported 11 in
8 for 10 bandwidths
9 motion 10 bandwidths
11 in 13 monkeys
12 senescent 13 monkeys

furthermore , the neural model demonstrates that head orientation bandwidth increases can arise from decreased cortical inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 demonstrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 model
3 the 5 model
4 neural 5 model
5 model 6 demonstrates
6 demonstrates 7 that
7 that 11 increases
7 that 13 arise
8 head 11 increases
9 orientation 11 increases
10 bandwidth 11 increases
11 increases 12 can
12 can 13 arise
13 arise 14 from
14 from 17 inhibition
15 decreased 17 inhibition
16 cortical 17 inhibition

thus , high levels of form vision degrade in parallel [with] higher levels of motion perception and likely result from similar causes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 degrade
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 levels
3 high 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 8 degrade
5 of 7 vision
6 form 7 vision
8 degrade 9 in
8 degrade 17 and
9 in 13 levels
10 parallel 13 levels
12 higher 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 15 motion
16 perception 17 and
17 and 19 result
17 and 20 from
18 likely 19 result
20 from 22 causes
21 similar 22 causes

background : in february 2009 the improving maternity services in australia - the report of the maternity services review ( msr ) was released , with the personal stories of women making up 407 of the more than 900 submissions received . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 9 services
2 : 23 was
2 : 25 ,
3 in 4 february
3 in 9 services
4 february 5 2009
6 the 9 services
7 improving 8 maternity
8 maternity 9 services
9 services 10 in
9 services 23 was
10 in 11 australia
11 australia 14 report
12 - 14 report
13 the 14 report
14 report 15 of
14 report 22 )
15 of 21 msr
16 the 21 msr
17 maternity 18 services
18 services 19 review
19 review 21 msr
20 ( 21 msr
23 was 24 released
25 , 34 407
25 , 41 received
26 with 29 stories
26 with 32 making
26 with 34 407
27 the 29 stories
28 personal 29 stories
29 stories 30 of
30 of 31 women
32 making 33 up
34 407 35 of
34 407 41 received
35 of 40 submissions
36 the 39 900
37 more 38 than
38 than 39 900
39 900 40 submissions

a significant proportion ( 53 % [ )(of the women [were] said to have had personal experience with homebirth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 said
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 proportion
2 significant 3 proportion
4 ( 12 said
5 53 6 %
6 % 8 )(of
6 % 12 said
8 )(of 10 women
9 the 10 women
12 said 13 to
12 said 20 .
13 to 14 have
14 have 15 had
15 had 17 experience
15 had 18 with
16 personal 17 experience
18 with 19 homebirth

little information is provided on what was said about homebirth in these submissions and the decision by the msr not to include homebirth in the funding and insurance reforms being proposed is at odds with the apparent demand for this option of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 little 3 is
1 little 5 on
1 little 21 to
2 information 3 is
3 is 4 provided
5 on 6 what
6 what 7 was
7 was 8 said
8 said 9 about
9 about 14 and
10 homebirth 11 in
10 homebirth 14 and
11 in 13 submissions
12 these 13 submissions
14 and 16 decision
15 the 16 decision
16 decision 17 by
17 by 19 msr
18 the 19 msr
20 not 21 to
21 to 22 include
22 include 23 homebirth
22 include 24 in
24 in 26 funding
25 the 26 funding
27 and 29 reforms
27 and 43 care
28 insurance 29 reforms
29 reforms 30 being
29 reforms 42 of
29 reforms 43 care
30 being 31 proposed
30 being 32 is
32 is 33 at
33 at 34 odds
34 odds 35 with
34 odds 42 of
35 with 38 demand
36 the 38 demand
37 apparent 38 demand
38 demand 39 for
39 for 41 option
40 this 41 option

method : data for this study comprised 832 submissions to the msr that are publicly available on the commonwealth of australia department of health and aging website . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 7 comprised
3 data 4 for
3 data 7 comprised
4 for 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 comprised 9 submissions
7 comprised 10 to
8 832 9 submissions
10 to 12 msr
11 the 12 msr
12 msr 13 that
12 msr 14 are
13 that 14 are
14 are 15 publicly
14 are 16 available
16 available 17 on
17 on 22 department
18 the 22 department
19 commonwealth 20 of
19 commonwealth 22 department
20 of 21 australia
22 department 23 of
23 of 25 and
24 health 25 and
25 and 27 website
26 aging 27 website

all 832 submissions were downloaded , coded and then entered into nvivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 submissions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 all 2 832
2 832 3 submissions
3 submissions 6 ,
4 were 5 downloaded
4 were 6 ,
6 , 8 and
6 , 11 into
7 coded 8 and
8 and 10 entered
9 then 10 entered
11 into 12 nvivo

content analysis was used to analyse the data that related to homebirth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 content 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 10 related
5 to 6 analyse
6 analyse 8 data
7 the 8 data
9 that 10 related
10 related 11 to
10 related 13 .
11 to 12 homebirth

findings : 450 of the submissions were from consumers of maternity services ( 54 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 450
2 : 7 were
2 : 17 .
3 450 4 of
3 450 7 were
4 of 6 submissions
5 the 6 submissions
7 were 8 from
8 from 9 consumers
9 consumers 10 of
10 of 12 services
11 maternity 12 services
12 services 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 54 15 %
15 % 16 )

four hundred and seventy [(] 60 % [ )(of the submissions mentioned homebirth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seventy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 homebirth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 four 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 seventy
4 seventy 7 %
4 seventy 12 mentioned
4 seventy 13 homebirth
6 60 7 %
7 % 9 )(of
7 % 12 mentioned
9 )(of 11 submissions
10 the 11 submissions

overall there were 715 references to home birth in the submissions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 overall 2 there
1 overall 3 were
3 were 5 references
4 715 5 references
5 references 6 to
6 to 8 birth
7 home 8 birth
8 birth 9 in
9 in 11 submissions
10 the 11 submissions

the submissions mentioning homebirth most commonly discussed the ['] benefits ['] and ['] barriers ' in accessing this option of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 submissions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 submissions
2 submissions 3 mentioning
2 submissions 7 discussed
3 mentioning 4 homebirth
3 mentioning 5 most
6 commonly 7 discussed
7 discussed 15 '
7 discussed 16 in
8 the 14 barriers
10 benefits 12 and
12 and 14 barriers
14 barriers 15 '
16 in 17 accessing
17 accessing 19 option
18 this 19 option
19 option 20 of
20 of 21 care

benefits to the baby , mother and family were described , along with the benefits obtained from having a midwife at the birth , receiving continuity of care and [having] a good birth experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 benefits 2 to
1 benefits 7 and
2 to 6 mother
3 the 6 mother
4 baby 5 ,
4 baby 6 mother
7 and 8 family
7 and 9 were
9 were 10 described
10 described 13 with
11 , 13 with
12 along 13 with
13 with 15 benefits
13 with 24 ,
14 the 15 benefits
15 benefits 16 obtained
16 obtained 17 from
16 obtained 21 at
17 from 18 having
18 having 20 midwife
19 a 20 midwife
21 at 23 birth
22 the 23 birth
24 , 29 and
25 receiving 26 continuity
26 continuity 27 of
26 continuity 29 and
27 of 28 care
29 and 34 experience
31 a 34 experience
32 good 33 birth
33 birth 34 experience

barriers were described as not having access to a midwife , no funding , no insurance and lack of clinical privileging for midwives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 barriers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 barriers 2 were
2 were 3 described
3 described 4 as
4 as 5 not
5 not 6 having
6 having 7 access
6 having 8 to
8 to 17 and
9 a 10 midwife
10 midwife 11 ,
11 , 13 funding
11 , 14 ,
12 no 13 funding
14 , 16 insurance
14 , 17 and
15 no 16 insurance
17 and 18 lack
17 and 19 of
19 of 21 privileging
20 clinical 21 privileging
21 privileging 22 for
22 for 23 midwives

conclusion : many positive recommendations have come from the msr , however the decision to exclude homebirth from these reforms is perplexing considering the large number of submissions describing the benefits [of] and barriers to homebirth in australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 many
3 many 5 recommendations
3 many 7 come
3 many 8 from
4 positive 5 recommendations
5 recommendations 6 have
6 have 7 come
8 from 10 msr
9 the 10 msr
11 , 14 decision
11 , 21 is
12 however 14 decision
13 the 14 decision
14 decision 15 to
14 decision 16 exclude
14 decision 21 is
15 to 16 exclude
16 exclude 17 homebirth
17 homebirth 18 from
18 from 20 reforms
19 these 20 reforms
21 is 22 perplexing
21 is 35 to
22 perplexing 23 considering
22 perplexing 27 of
23 considering 26 number
24 the 26 number
25 large 26 number
27 of 33 and
28 submissions 29 describing
28 submissions 33 and
29 describing 31 benefits
30 the 31 benefits
33 and 34 barriers
35 to 36 homebirth
36 homebirth 37 in
37 in 38 australia

a concerning number of submissions discuss having had or [having] considered an unattended birth at home due to these barriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 3 number
2 concerning 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 6 discuss
4 of 5 submissions
6 discuss 7 having
7 having 9 or
8 had 9 or
9 or 11 considered
9 or 15 at
9 or 18 to
11 considered 14 birth
12 an 13 unattended
12 an 14 birth
13 unattended 14 birth
15 at 16 home
17 due 18 to
18 to 20 barriers
19 these 20 barriers

overall there is the belief that not enabling access to funded , insured homebirth in australia is a violation of human rights . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 overall 2 there
1 overall 3 is
3 is 5 belief
4 the 5 belief
5 belief 6 that
6 that 7 not
6 that 8 enabling
6 that 17 is
8 enabling 9 access
8 enabling 10 to
8 enabling 12 ,
8 enabling 17 is
10 to 12 ,
11 funded 12 ,
12 , 13 insured
12 , 14 homebirth
14 homebirth 15 in
15 in 16 australia
17 is 19 violation
18 a 19 violation
19 violation 20 of
20 of 22 rights
21 human 22 rights

it appears that homebirth was considered by the msr as ['] too hot to handle ['] [and] by dismissing it as a minority issue the government sought to avoided dealing with homebirth as a ['] sensitive and controversial issue . ['] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 it 2 appears
2 appears 3 that
3 that 4 homebirth
3 that 6 considered
4 homebirth 5 was
5 was 6 considered
6 considered 7 by
6 considered 13 hot
6 considered 14 to
6 considered 15 handle
7 by 9 msr
8 the 9 msr
10 as 12 too
12 too 13 hot
14 to 15 handle
15 handle 18 by
15 handle 21 as
15 handle 26 government
18 by 19 dismissing
19 dismissing 20 it
21 as 24 issue
22 a 24 issue
23 minority 24 issue
25 the 26 government
26 government 27 sought
26 government 31 with
27 sought 28 to
28 to 30 dealing
29 avoided 30 dealing
31 with 32 homebirth
32 homebirth 33 as
33 as 39 issue
34 a 39 issue
36 sensitive 37 and
37 and 38 controversial
37 and 39 issue

objective : to study how functional connectivity of neonate eeg during sleep is assessed by different interdependence indices and to analyze its dependence on conceptional ( ca ) , gestational ( ga ) [and/or] chronological age ( cra ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 19 and
2 : 40 .
3 to 19 and
4 study 5 how
4 study 19 and
5 how 7 connectivity
5 how 14 assessed
6 functional 7 connectivity
7 connectivity 8 of
7 connectivity 13 is
8 of 10 eeg
9 neonate 10 eeg
10 eeg 11 during
11 during 12 sleep
13 is 14 assessed
14 assessed 15 by
15 by 18 indices
16 different 17 interdependence
17 interdependence 18 indices
19 and 20 to
19 and 21 analyze
19 and 24 on
20 to 21 analyze
21 analyze 23 dependence
22 its 23 dependence
24 on 36 age
25 conceptional 27 ca
25 conceptional 29 ,
25 conceptional 36 age
26 ( 27 ca
27 ca 28 )
30 gestational 32 ga
30 gestational 36 age
31 ( 32 ga
32 ga 33 )
35 chronological 36 age
36 age 38 cra
37 ( 38 cra
38 cra 39 )

eeg functional connectivity was assessed by means of the coherence function ( its magnitude ( msc ) and its imaginary part ( imc [ )( )(and a measure of phase synchronization called phase lag index [(] pli ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 connectivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 eeg 3 connectivity
2 functional 3 connectivity
3 connectivity 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 by
6 by 18 and
7 means 8 of
7 means 18 and
8 of 11 function
9 the 11 function
10 coherence 11 function
11 function 14 magnitude
12 ( 14 magnitude
13 its 14 magnitude
14 magnitude 16 msc
14 magnitude 17 )
15 ( 16 msc
16 msc 17 )
18 and 21 part
18 and 26 )(and
19 its 21 part
20 imaginary 21 part
22 ( 26 )(and
23 imc 26 )(and
26 )(and 31 synchronization
26 )(and 32 called
26 )(and 38 )
27 a 28 measure
28 measure 29 of
28 measure 31 synchronization
29 of 31 synchronization
30 phase 31 synchronization
32 called 37 pli
33 phase 37 pli
34 lag 37 pli
35 index 37 pli

results : [inter] - hemispheric connectivity : [(] a [ )( as in the beta band , the msc of the st group was greater than that of the pt group for the temporal region [;] [(] [b] [ )(during qs in the delta band , both pli and imc of the st group were different to those of the pt group for the frontopolar and central [regions] , whereas st - jt differences were only found for pli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 -
2 : 7 :
4 - 6 connectivity
5 hemispheric 6 connectivity
7 : 12 as
7 : 17 ,
9 a 12 as
12 as 13 in
13 in 16 band
14 the 16 band
15 beta 16 band
17 , 19 msc
17 , 24 was
18 the 19 msc
19 msc 20 of
19 msc 24 was
20 of 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 st 23 group
24 was 25 greater
25 greater 26 than
26 than 27 that
27 that 28 of
28 of 31 group
29 the 31 group
30 pt 31 group
31 group 32 for
31 group 40 )(during
31 group 42 in
32 for 35 region
33 the 35 region
34 temporal 35 region
40 )(during 41 qs
42 in 44 delta
43 the 44 delta
44 delta 49 and
44 delta 55 were
45 band 46 ,
46 , 48 pli
46 , 49 and
47 both 48 pli
49 and 50 imc
49 and 51 of
49 and 55 were
51 of 54 group
52 the 54 group
53 st 54 group
55 were 66 and
56 different 57 to
56 different 66 and
57 to 58 those
58 those 59 of
59 of 62 group
60 the 62 group
61 pt 62 group
62 group 63 for
63 for 65 frontopolar
64 the 65 frontopolar
66 and 67 central
67 central 70 whereas
69 , 70 whereas
70 whereas 74 differences
70 whereas 77 found
70 whereas 80 .
71 st 73 jt
72 - 73 jt
73 jt 74 differences
74 differences 75 were
75 were 77 found
76 only 77 found
77 found 78 for
78 for 79 pli

conclusions : eeg [inter] - and [intra] - hemispheric functional connectivity in neonates during sleep changes with the ca and cra in delta and beta bands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 eeg
5 - 6 and
6 and 8 -
6 and 11 connectivity
6 and 16 changes
9 hemispheric 11 connectivity
10 functional 11 connectivity
11 connectivity 12 in
11 connectivity 16 changes
12 in 13 neonates
13 neonates 14 during
14 during 15 sleep
16 changes 17 with
17 with 20 and
18 the 19 ca
19 ca 20 and
20 and 21 cra
20 and 22 in
22 in 24 and
23 delta 24 and
24 and 26 bands
25 beta 26 bands

significance : the neonate's brain development during the first weeks of life can be traced from changes in the characteristics of eeg functional connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 6 development
2 : 15 traced
3 the 6 development
4 neonate's 6 development
5 brain 6 development
6 development 7 during
6 development 11 of
6 development 13 can
7 during 10 weeks
8 the 9 first
8 the 10 weeks
11 of 12 life
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 traced
15 traced 16 from
15 traced 18 in
16 from 17 changes
18 in 20 characteristics
19 the 20 characteristics
20 characteristics 21 of
21 of 24 connectivity
22 eeg 24 connectivity
23 functional 24 connectivity

decreased cerebral blood flow and blood - brain barrier disruption are features of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 decreased 4 flow
1 decreased 5 and
2 cerebral 3 blood
3 blood 4 flow
5 and 6 blood
7 - 10 disruption
7 - 11 are
7 - 20 .
8 brain 10 disruption
9 barrier 10 disruption
10 disruption 11 are
11 are 12 features
12 features 13 of
13 of 16 disease
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 16 disease
16 disease 18 ad
17 ( 18 ad
18 ad 19 )

the plasma kallikrein [-] kinin system modulates cerebrovascular tone through release [of] vasoactive bradykinin ( bk ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 modulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 6 system
2 plasma 6 system
3 kallikrein 6 system
5 kinin 6 system
6 system 7 modulates
7 modulates 9 tone
7 modulates 10 through
8 cerebrovascular 9 tone
10 through 14 bradykinin
11 release 14 bradykinin
13 vasoactive 14 bradykinin
14 bradykinin 16 bk
15 ( 16 bk
16 bk 17 )

cerebroventricular infusion of aβ1 [-] 40 enhances bk [release] , suggesting that the activity of this system may be elevated in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 enhances
1 cerebroventricular 2 infusion
2 infusion 3 of
2 infusion 7 enhances
3 of 4 aβ1
4 aβ1 6 40
7 enhances 8 bk
8 bk 11 suggesting
10 , 11 suggesting
11 suggesting 12 that
11 suggesting 23 .
12 that 14 activity
12 that 20 elevated
13 the 14 activity
14 activity 15 of
14 activity 18 may
15 of 17 system
16 this 17 system
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 elevated
20 elevated 21 in
21 in 22 ad

we investigated the profile of the activating protease of this system , plasma kallikrein ( pk ) , in frontal and temporal brain tissue from postmortem confirmed cases of ad , vascular dementia ( vad ) , and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 profile
2 investigated 19 in
2 investigated 25 from
3 the 4 profile
4 profile 5 of
4 profile 9 of
5 of 8 protease
6 the 8 protease
7 activating 8 protease
9 of 11 system
10 this 11 system
11 system 14 kallikrein
12 , 14 kallikrein
13 plasma 14 kallikrein
14 kallikrein 16 pk
14 kallikrein 18 ,
15 ( 16 pk
16 pk 17 )
19 in 24 tissue
20 frontal 21 and
21 and 22 temporal
21 and 24 tissue
23 brain 24 tissue
25 from 28 cases
26 postmortem 27 confirmed
27 confirmed 28 cases
28 cases 29 of
29 of 38 and
30 ad 33 dementia
30 ad 38 and
31 , 33 dementia
32 vascular 33 dementia
33 dementia 35 vad
33 dementia 36 )
34 ( 35 vad
35 vad 36 )
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 controls

measurements of neuron specific enolase messenger ribonucleic acid ( mrna ) and protein were used to adjust for neuronal loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 measurements 2 of
1 measurements 12 and
2 of 8 acid
3 neuron 8 acid
4 specific 5 enolase
5 enolase 8 acid
6 messenger 8 acid
7 ribonucleic 8 acid
8 acid 10 mrna
9 ( 10 mrna
10 mrna 11 )
12 and 13 protein
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 used
15 used 16 to
15 used 17 adjust
16 to 17 adjust
17 adjust 18 for
18 for 20 loss
19 neuronal 20 loss

adjusted pk mrna was significantly increased in the frontal cortex in ad , and the frontal and temporal cortex in vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mrna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 adjusted 3 mrna
2 pk 3 mrna
3 mrna 4 was
4 was 5 significantly
4 was 6 increased
6 increased 7 in
6 increased 20 in
7 in 14 and
8 the 10 cortex
9 frontal 10 cortex
10 cortex 11 in
10 cortex 14 and
11 in 12 ad
13 , 14 and
14 and 19 cortex
15 the 19 cortex
16 frontal 17 and
17 and 18 temporal
17 and 19 cortex
20 in 21 vad

similar trends were seen for pk protein level in ad and vad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 similar 2 trends
2 trends 3 were
3 were 4 seen
4 seen 5 for
4 seen 9 in
5 for 8 level
6 pk 8 level
7 protein 8 level
9 in 11 and
10 ad 11 and
11 and 12 vad

pk activity was significantly increased in the frontal and temporal cortex in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 pk 2 activity
2 activity 3 was
3 was 5 increased
4 significantly 5 increased
5 increased 6 in
5 increased 12 in
6 in 11 cortex
7 the 11 cortex
8 frontal 9 and
9 and 10 temporal
9 and 11 cortex
12 in 13 ad

increased pk activity in ad is likely to contribute to increased bk [release] and may thereby influence cerebral blood flow and vascular permeability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 increased 3 activity
2 pk 3 activity
3 activity 4 in
3 activity 6 is
4 in 5 ad
6 is 23 permeability
7 likely 8 to
7 likely 9 contribute
7 likely 10 to
7 likely 21 and
8 to 9 contribute
10 to 14 and
11 increased 12 bk
11 increased 14 and
14 and 15 may
14 and 20 flow
15 may 17 influence
16 thereby 17 influence
17 influence 19 blood
18 cerebral 19 blood
21 and 22 vascular
21 and 23 permeability

mutations in the optn gene are well known to be associated with the development of glaucoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 6 are
2 in 5 gene
3 the 5 gene
4 optn 5 gene
6 are 7 well
6 are 8 known
8 known 9 to
8 known 11 associated
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 14 development
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
15 of 16 glaucoma

recently , unique variations in the same gene have been reported in familial and sporadic japanese cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 variations
3 unique 4 variations
4 variations 5 in
4 variations 9 have
5 in 8 gene
6 the 7 same
7 same 8 gene
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 reported
11 reported 12 in
12 in 17 cases
13 familial 14 and
14 and 15 sporadic
14 and 17 cases
16 japanese 17 cases
17 cases 18 of
18 of 21 sclerosis
19 amyotrophic 21 sclerosis
20 lateral 21 sclerosis
21 sclerosis 23 als
22 ( 23 als
23 als 24 )

we set out to evaluate the frequency of optn mutations in a sample of our familial and sporadic als cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 set
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 set
2 set 3 out
2 set 4 to
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 frequency
5 evaluate 11 in
6 the 7 frequency
7 frequency 8 of
8 of 10 mutations
9 optn 10 mutations
11 in 13 sample
12 a 13 sample
13 sample 14 of
14 of 20 cohorts
15 our 20 cohorts
16 familial 17 and
17 and 18 sporadic
17 and 20 cohorts
19 als 20 cohorts

all coding exons of the optn gene were amplified and sequenced in 95 unrelated familial als ( fals ) and 95 sporadic als ( sals ) cases of european descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 all 2 coding
1 all 10 and
1 all 20 and
2 coding 3 exons
3 exons 4 of
4 of 7 gene
5 the 7 gene
6 optn 7 gene
8 were 9 amplified
8 were 10 and
10 and 11 sequenced
10 and 12 in
10 and 18 fals
13 95 18 fals
14 unrelated 18 fals
15 familial 18 fals
16 als 18 fals
17 ( 18 fals
18 fals 19 )
20 and 27 cases
20 and 28 of
21 95 27 cases
22 sporadic 27 cases
23 als 25 sals
24 ( 25 sals
25 sals 26 )
25 sals 27 cases
28 of 30 descent
29 european 30 descent

two variants were newly identified in 2 individual fals cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 two 2 variants
2 variants 3 were
3 were 5 identified
4 newly 5 identified
5 identified 6 in
6 in 10 cases
7 2 10 cases
8 individual 10 cases
9 fals 10 cases

unique variations in the optn gene are rare in fals cases and were not identified in any sals patients , all of european descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
1 unique 2 variations
2 variations 3 in
2 variations 7 are
3 in 6 gene
4 the 6 gene
5 optn 6 gene
7 are 8 rare
8 rare 9 in
9 in 10 fals
10 fals 12 and
11 cases 12 and
12 and 13 were
12 and 16 in
13 were 14 not
13 were 15 identified
16 in 19 patients
17 any 19 patients
18 sals 19 patients
19 patients 24 descent
20 , 24 descent
21 all 22 of
21 all 24 descent
22 of 24 descent
23 european 24 descent
24 descent 25 .

because of population aging in our geographical and social setting and progress in preventing premature death , there is [an] ever - increasing prevalence of chronic diseases , in this case diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 4 aging
2 of 3 population
4 aging 5 in
4 aging 18 there
4 aging 19 is
5 in 11 and
6 our 10 setting
7 geographical 8 and
8 and 9 social
8 and 10 setting
10 setting 11 and
11 and 12 progress
11 and 17 ,
12 progress 13 in
13 in 14 preventing
14 preventing 16 death
15 premature 16 death
19 is 21 ever
19 is 23 increasing
19 is 29 in
22 - 23 increasing
23 increasing 24 prevalence
23 increasing 28 ,
24 prevalence 25 of
25 of 27 diseases
26 chronic 27 diseases
29 in 32 diabetes
30 this 32 diabetes
31 case 32 diabetes

in our environment , the dietary changes and sedentariness that have led to the spectacular rise in obesity have increased the prevalence of diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 environment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 and
2 our 3 environment
5 the 7 changes
6 dietary 7 changes
7 changes 8 and
8 and 9 sedentariness
8 and 10 that
8 and 11 have
8 and 19 have
10 that 11 have
11 have 12 led
12 led 13 to
12 led 17 in
13 to 16 rise
14 the 16 rise
15 spectacular 16 rise
17 in 18 obesity
19 have 20 increased
20 increased 22 prevalence
21 the 22 prevalence
22 prevalence 23 of
23 of 24 diabetes

our health system is reasonably well prepared to manage acute disease but neither health professionals nor referral circuits - [nor] probably [patients] - are prepared for the new scenario . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 3 system
2 health 3 system
3 system 4 is
4 is 6 well
4 is 7 prepared
5 reasonably 6 well
7 prepared 8 to
7 prepared 9 manage
8 to 9 manage
9 manage 11 disease
10 acute 11 disease
12 but 16 nor
12 but 24 are
13 neither 16 nor
14 health 15 professionals
15 professionals 16 nor
16 nor 18 circuits
16 nor 24 are
17 referral 18 circuits
19 - 21 probably
21 probably 23 -
21 probably 24 are
24 are 25 prepared
25 prepared 26 for
26 for 29 scenario
27 the 29 scenario
28 new 29 scenario

consequently , we should prepare ourselves for the management of chronic disease , encourage patient participation in decision [-] making and promote a new , less paternalistic , paradigm of the doctor - patient relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 3 we
3 we 13 ,
4 should 5 prepare
4 should 13 ,
5 prepare 6 ourselves
5 prepare 7 for
7 for 9 management
8 the 9 management
9 management 10 of
10 of 12 disease
11 chronic 12 disease
13 , 21 and
14 encourage 16 participation
14 encourage 17 in
14 encourage 21 and
15 patient 16 participation
17 in 20 making
18 decision 20 making
21 and 22 promote
22 promote 29 paradigm
23 a 24 new
23 a 29 paradigm
24 new 25 ,
24 new 29 paradigm
26 less 27 paternalistic
27 paternalistic 28 ,
27 paternalistic 29 paradigm
29 paradigm 30 of
30 of 32 doctor
31 the 32 doctor
33 - 35 relationship
33 - 36 .
34 patient 35 relationship

the experiences initiated by the university of stanford , or in spain by the national patients ' forum , could serve as models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experiences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 experiences
2 experiences 19 ,
3 initiated 10 or
3 initiated 13 by
3 initiated 19 ,
4 by 6 university
4 by 10 or
5 the 6 university
6 university 7 of
7 of 8 stanford
9 , 10 or
10 or 11 in
11 in 12 spain
13 by 18 forum
14 the 16 patients
15 national 16 patients
16 patients 17 '
17 ' 18 forum
19 , 20 could
20 could 21 serve
21 serve 22 as
22 as 23 models

in the next few years , the figure of the expert patient will undoubtedly be highly useful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 figure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 5 years
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 figure
2 the 3 next
2 the 4 few
4 few 5 years
7 the 8 figure
8 figure 9 of
8 figure 13 will
9 of 12 patient
10 the 12 patient
11 expert 12 patient
13 will 15 be
14 undoubtedly 15 be
15 be 16 highly
15 be 17 useful

in general , physicians and patients place a great deal of faith in the contribution of new treatments and technologies to the relief or management of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 place
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 5 and
4 physicians 5 and
5 and 6 patients
5 and 7 place
7 place 10 deal
7 place 13 in
8 a 9 great
8 a 10 deal
9 great 10 deal
10 deal 11 of
11 of 12 faith
13 in 24 or
14 the 15 contribution
15 contribution 16 of
15 contribution 24 or
16 of 19 and
17 new 18 treatments
18 treatments 19 and
19 and 20 technologies
19 and 21 to
21 to 23 relief
22 the 23 relief
24 or 25 management
24 or 26 of
26 of 27 disease

to deny this in the [xxi] century would be ridiculous , but all the possibilities of these treatments and technologies only show positive results in suitably educated patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 2 deny
1 to 8 would
2 deny 3 this
2 deny 4 in
4 in 7 century
5 the 7 century
8 would 9 be
9 be 10 ridiculous
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 all
12 but 22 show
13 all 14 the
13 all 15 possibilities
13 all 22 show
14 the 15 possibilities
15 possibilities 16 of
16 of 19 and
17 these 18 treatments
18 treatments 19 and
19 and 20 technologies
21 only 22 show
22 show 24 results
22 show 25 in
23 positive 24 results
25 in 28 patients
26 suitably 27 educated
27 educated 28 patients

this is a task that should never be forgotten . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 task
3 a 4 task
4 task 5 that
4 task 6 should
5 that 6 should
6 should 8 be
7 never 8 be
8 be 9 forgotten

in this article , we describe a detailed method for automatically generating tetrahedral meshes from 3 d images having multiple region labels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 6 describe
6 describe 9 method
7 a 8 detailed
7 a 9 method
8 detailed 9 method
9 method 10 for
10 for 12 generating
11 automatically 12 generating
12 generating 14 meshes
12 generating 15 from
13 tetrahedral 14 meshes
15 from 18 images
16 3 17 d
17 d 18 images
18 images 19 having
19 having 22 labels
20 multiple 21 region
21 region 22 labels

an adaptively sized tetrahedral mesh modeling approach is [described] that is capable of producing meshes conforming precisely to the voxelized regions in the image . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 an 7 approach
2 adaptively 3 sized
3 sized 6 modeling
4 tetrahedral 6 modeling
5 mesh 6 modeling
6 modeling 7 approach
7 approach 8 is
8 is 11 is
8 is 12 capable
10 that 11 is
12 capable 13 of
13 of 14 producing
14 producing 15 meshes
15 meshes 16 conforming
15 meshes 22 in
16 conforming 17 precisely
16 conforming 18 to
18 to 21 regions
19 the 21 regions
20 voxelized 21 regions
22 in 24 image
23 the 24 image

efficient tetrahedral mesh improvement is then performed minimizing an energy function containing three terms : a smoothing term to remove the voxelization , a fidelity term to maintain continuity with the image data , and a novel elasticity term to prevent the tetrahedra from becoming flattened or inverted as the mesh deforms while allowing the voxelization to be removed entirely . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
1 efficient 4 improvement
2 tetrahedral 4 improvement
3 mesh 4 improvement
4 improvement 5 is
5 is 6 then
5 is 8 minimizing
7 performed 8 minimizing
8 minimizing 11 function
8 minimizing 20 remove
9 an 11 function
10 energy 11 function
11 function 12 containing
11 function 14 terms
11 function 15 :
12 containing 13 three
12 containing 14 terms
15 : 18 term
15 : 19 to
16 a 18 term
17 smoothing 18 term
19 to 20 remove
20 remove 22 voxelization
21 the 22 voxelization
22 voxelization 26 term
23 , 26 term
24 a 26 term
25 fidelity 26 term
26 term 27 to
26 term 28 maintain
26 term 61 .
27 to 28 maintain
28 maintain 29 continuity
28 maintain 30 with
30 with 35 and
31 the 33 data
32 image 33 data
33 data 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 39 term
35 and 40 to
35 and 47 or
36 a 39 term
37 novel 39 term
38 elasticity 39 term
40 to 47 or
41 prevent 43 tetrahedra
41 prevent 47 or
42 the 43 tetrahedra
43 tetrahedra 44 from
44 from 45 becoming
45 becoming 46 flattened
47 or 48 inverted
47 or 52 deforms
49 as 51 mesh
49 as 52 deforms
50 the 51 mesh
51 mesh 52 deforms
52 deforms 53 while
52 deforms 57 to
53 while 54 allowing
54 allowing 56 voxelization
55 the 56 voxelization
57 to 58 be
58 be 59 removed
59 removed 60 entirely

the meshing algorithm is applied to structural mr image data that has been automatically segmented into 56 neuroanatomical sub [-] divisions as well as on two other examples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 algorithm
2 meshing 3 algorithm
3 algorithm 4 is
4 is 5 applied
5 applied 6 to
5 applied 24 as
6 to 10 data
7 structural 9 image
8 mr 9 image
9 image 10 data
10 data 11 that
10 data 12 has
11 that 12 has
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 automatically
13 been 15 segmented
15 segmented 16 into
16 into 21 divisions
17 56 21 divisions
18 neuroanatomical 19 sub
19 sub 21 divisions
21 divisions 22 as
22 as 23 well
24 as 25 on
25 on 28 examples
26 two 27 other
27 other 28 examples

the resulting tetrahedral representation has several desirable properties such as tetrahedra with dihedral angles away from 0 and 180 degrees , smoothness , and a high resolution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 representation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 representation
2 resulting 4 representation
3 tetrahedral 4 representation
4 representation 5 has
5 has 8 properties
5 has 15 away
5 has 16 from
6 several 8 properties
7 desirable 8 properties
8 properties 10 as
8 properties 12 with
9 such 10 as
10 as 11 tetrahedra
12 with 14 angles
13 dihedral 14 angles
16 from 24 and
17 0 18 and
18 and 19 180
18 and 20 degrees
20 degrees 21 ,
21 , 22 smoothness
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 resolution
25 a 27 resolution
26 high 27 resolution

tetrahedral modeling via the approach described here has applications in modeling brain structure in normal as well as diseased brain in human [and] [non] - human data and facilitates examination of 3 d object deformations resulting from neurological illness ( e.g [.] alzheimer 's disease ) , development , [and/or] aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 tetrahedral 2 modeling
2 modeling 3 via
2 modeling 28 and
3 via 5 approach
4 the 5 approach
5 approach 6 described
6 described 7 here
8 has 9 applications
8 has 28 and
9 applications 10 in
9 applications 14 in
10 in 13 structure
11 modeling 13 structure
12 brain 13 structure
14 in 20 brain
15 normal 20 brain
16 as 17 well
17 well 19 diseased
18 as 19 diseased
19 diseased 20 brain
20 brain 21 in
21 in 27 data
22 human 25 -
22 human 27 data
26 human 27 data
28 and 29 facilitates
29 facilitates 30 examination
30 examination 31 of
31 of 35 deformations
32 3 33 d
33 d 35 deformations
34 object 35 deformations
35 deformations 36 resulting
35 deformations 37 from
35 deformations 51 aging
37 from 39 illness
38 neurological 39 illness
39 illness 45 disease
39 illness 48 development
40 ( 45 disease
41 e.g 43 alzheimer
43 alzheimer 44 's
44 's 45 disease
45 disease 46 )
47 , 48 development
48 development 49 ,

resting state fmri studies have found that cognitive decline in aging is associated with alterations in functional connectivity of distributed neural systems in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 resting 2 state
2 state 4 studies
3 fmri 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 found
6 found 9 decline
6 found 13 associated
7 that 9 decline
8 cognitive 9 decline
9 decline 10 in
9 decline 12 is
10 in 11 aging
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 16 in
14 with 15 alterations
16 in 18 connectivity
17 functional 18 connectivity
18 connectivity 19 of
19 of 22 systems
20 distributed 22 systems
21 neural 22 systems
22 systems 23 in
23 in 25 brain
24 the 25 brain

while functional connections have been shown to rely on the underlying structural connectivity , direct structural connections have been studied in only a few distributed cortical systems so far . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 connections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 while 3 connections
1 while 6 shown
1 while 14 ,
1 while 17 connections
2 functional 3 connections
3 connections 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 to
6 shown 13 connectivity
7 to 8 rely
8 rely 9 on
9 on 11 underlying
10 the 11 underlying
12 structural 13 connectivity
15 direct 17 connections
16 structural 17 connections
17 connections 18 have
18 have 19 been
19 been 20 studied
20 studied 21 in
20 studied 29 far
21 in 27 systems
22 only 24 few
23 a 24 few
24 few 27 systems
25 distributed 27 systems
26 cortical 27 systems
28 so 29 far

it is well known that subcortical nuclei have structural connections to the entire cortex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 well
2 is 5 that
3 well 4 known
5 that 7 nuclei
5 that 8 have
6 subcortical 7 nuclei
7 nuclei 8 have
8 have 10 connections
8 have 11 to
9 structural 10 connections
11 to 14 cortex
12 the 14 cortex
13 entire 14 cortex

we hypothesized that structural subcortico - cortical connections may provide integral routes for communication between cortical resting state networks , and that changes in the integrity of these connections have a role in cognitive aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 5 subcortico
3 that 4 structural
4 structural 5 subcortico
6 - 8 connections
6 - 10 provide
7 cortical 8 connections
8 connections 9 may
9 may 10 provide
10 provide 12 routes
10 provide 13 for
11 integral 12 routes
13 for 23 changes
14 communication 15 between
14 communication 21 and
15 between 19 networks
16 cortical 18 state
17 resting 18 state
18 state 19 networks
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 that
21 and 23 changes
23 changes 24 in
23 changes 27 of
23 changes 30 have
24 in 26 integrity
25 the 26 integrity
27 of 29 connections
28 these 29 connections
30 have 32 role
31 a 32 role
32 role 33 in
33 in 35 aging
34 cognitive 35 aging

we combined anatomical mri , diffusion tensor mri , and resting state fmri in 100 [healthy] elderly to identify fiber bundles connecting cortical resting state networks to subcortical nuclei . 
1 we 2 combined
2 combined 4 mri
3 anatomical 4 mri
4 mri 20 fiber
5 , 20 fiber
6 diffusion 20 fiber
7 tensor 20 fiber
8 mri 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 fmri
10 and 14 in
10 and 17 elderly
10 and 20 fiber
11 resting 13 fmri
12 state 13 fmri
14 in 15 100
17 elderly 18 to
17 elderly 19 identify
18 to 19 identify
20 fiber 21 bundles
20 fiber 25 state
20 fiber 30 .
21 bundles 22 connecting
21 bundles 25 state
22 connecting 24 resting
23 cortical 24 resting
25 state 26 networks
25 state 27 to
27 to 29 nuclei
28 subcortical 29 nuclei

in identified tracts , white matter fiber bundle integrity measures were compared to composite cognitive measures on executive [function] , processing speed , and memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 tracts
1 in 4 ,
1 in 10 measures
2 identified 3 tracts
5 white 6 matter
6 matter 10 measures
7 fiber 10 measures
8 bundle 10 measures
9 integrity 10 measures
10 measures 11 were
11 were 12 compared
12 compared 13 to
12 compared 17 on
13 to 16 measures
14 composite 16 measures
15 cognitive 16 measures
17 on 24 and
18 executive 20 ,
20 , 22 speed
20 , 24 and
21 processing 22 speed
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 performance
25 memory 26 performance

the integrity ( fa values ) [in] selected fiber bundles correlated strongly with cognitive measures on executive function [and] processing speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integrity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 integrity
2 integrity 5 values
2 integrity 8 selected
3 ( 5 values
4 fa 5 values
5 values 6 )
8 selected 10 bundles
9 fiber 10 bundles
10 bundles 11 correlated
11 correlated 12 strongly
11 correlated 13 with
11 correlated 16 on
13 with 15 measures
14 cognitive 15 measures
16 on 21 speed
17 executive 18 function
18 function 21 speed
20 processing 21 speed

correlation was most pronounced between executive function [and] fiber bundles connecting the putamen to the dorsal attention network ( r=0.73 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 correlation 2 was
2 was 3 most
3 most 4 pronounced
3 most 11 connecting
4 pronounced 5 between
5 between 10 bundles
6 executive 10 bundles
7 function 10 bundles
9 fiber 10 bundles
11 connecting 13 putamen
12 the 13 putamen
13 putamen 14 to
14 to 18 network
15 the 18 network
16 dorsal 17 attention
17 attention 18 network
18 network 20 r=0.73
18 network 22 p<0.001
19 ( 20 r=0.73
20 r=0.73 21 ,
21 , 22 p<0.001
22 p<0.001 23 )

multiple studies have attempted to establish a discriminant limit ( generally 10 mg/l ) above which urinary ghb concentrations can be considered consistent with ghb/gbl consumption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multiple
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 multiple 2 studies
1 multiple 3 have
1 multiple 4 attempted
1 multiple 15 above
1 multiple 21 be
2 studies 3 have
4 attempted 5 to
5 to 6 establish
6 establish 9 limit
7 a 8 discriminant
7 a 9 limit
8 discriminant 9 limit
9 limit 13 mg/l
10 ( 11 generally
10 ( 13 mg/l
12 10 13 mg/l
13 mg/l 14 )
15 above 16 which
15 above 18 ghb
15 above 19 concentrations
15 above 20 can
16 which 18 ghb
17 urinary 18 ghb
19 concentrations 20 can
21 be 22 considered
22 considered 23 consistent
23 consistent 24 with
24 with 26 consumption
25 ghb/gbl 26 consumption

to supplement the currently available data , a rapid gas chromatography - mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the analysis of ghb ( following acidic conversion to gbl ) [and] used to analyze urine samples collected from 1126 women ( [mean] = 0.84 mg/l , median = 0.68 mg/l [,] range [=] 0.00 - 5.5 mg/l ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 to 2 supplement
2 supplement 6 data
3 the 6 data
4 currently 5 available
5 available 6 data
7 , 15 method
7 , 16 was
8 a 15 method
9 rapid 10 gas
10 gas 13 mass
11 chromatography 12 -
11 chromatography 13 mass
13 mass 15 method
14 spectrometry 15 method
15 method 16 was
16 was 18 and
17 developed 18 and
18 and 19 validated
18 and 20 for
20 for 22 analysis
21 the 22 analysis
22 analysis 23 of
22 analysis 33 used
23 of 24 ghb
24 ghb 28 conversion
25 ( 28 conversion
26 following 28 conversion
27 acidic 28 conversion
28 conversion 29 to
28 conversion 31 )
29 to 30 gbl
33 used 34 to
33 used 35 analyze
34 to 35 analyze
35 analyze 37 samples
35 analyze 38 collected
36 urine 37 samples
37 samples 38 collected
38 collected 39 from
38 collected 41 women
39 from 40 1126
41 women 46 mg/l
41 women 53 range
42 ( 46 mg/l
44 = 45 0.84
45 0.84 46 mg/l
46 mg/l 47 ,
47 , 53 range
48 median 53 range
49 = 50 0.68
50 0.68 51 mg/l
51 mg/l 53 range
53 range 55 0.00
53 range 58 mg/l
53 range 60 .
56 - 58 mg/l
57 5.5 58 mg/l
58 mg/l 59 )

ghb concentrations were shown to be independent of urinary ph ( within the range 4.6 - 9.3 ) , age ( within the range 18 - 35 years [ )( body mass index ( within the range 13.8 - 36.3 ) , and race . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 ghb 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 were
3 were 4 shown
4 shown 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 43 and
7 independent 8 of
7 independent 43 and
8 of 10 ph
9 urinary 10 ph
10 ph 12 within
10 ph 20 age
11 ( 12 within
12 within 14 range
12 within 18 )
13 the 14 range
14 range 16 -
15 4.6 16 -
16 - 17 9.3
19 , 20 age
20 age 22 within
20 age 42 ,
21 ( 22 within
22 within 33 index
22 within 42 ,
23 the 33 index
24 range 33 index
25 18 26 -
26 - 27 35
26 - 28 years
28 years 33 index
31 body 33 index
32 mass 33 index
33 index 35 within
34 ( 35 within
35 within 37 range
35 within 41 )
36 the 37 range
37 range 39 -
38 13.8 39 -
39 - 40 36.3
43 and 44 race

adjusting ghb concentrations with respect to urinary specific gravity had little effect on the mean value ( 0.91 mg/l ) and range ( 0.0 - 7.76 mg/l ) , although a statistically significant trend of increasing ghb concentration with specific gravity could be observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adjusting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 adjusting 3 concentrations
1 adjusting 4 with
1 adjusting 6 to
1 adjusting 10 had
2 ghb 3 concentrations
4 with 5 respect
6 to 9 gravity
7 urinary 9 gravity
8 specific 9 gravity
10 had 21 and
10 had 30 although
11 little 21 and
12 effect 13 on
12 effect 21 and
13 on 16 value
14 the 16 value
15 mean 16 value
16 value 19 mg/l
17 ( 19 mg/l
18 0.91 19 mg/l
19 mg/l 20 )
21 and 22 range
21 and 24 0.0
23 ( 24 0.0
24 0.0 27 mg/l
24 0.0 29 ,
25 - 27 mg/l
26 7.76 27 mg/l
27 mg/l 28 )
30 although 34 trend
30 although 44 observed
31 a 32 statistically
31 a 34 trend
32 statistically 33 significant
33 significant 34 trend
34 trend 35 of
34 trend 42 could
35 of 36 increasing
36 increasing 38 concentration
36 increasing 39 with
37 ghb 38 concentration
39 with 41 gravity
40 specific 41 gravity
42 could 43 be
43 be 44 observed

our results can be taken to offer further support for the 10 mg/l discriminant limit for ghb administration in antemortem urine samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 taken
5 taken 6 to
6 to 7 offer
7 offer 9 support
7 offer 18 administration
7 offer 19 in
8 further 9 support
9 support 10 for
9 support 16 for
10 for 15 limit
11 the 15 limit
12 10 13 mg/l
13 mg/l 14 discriminant
14 discriminant 15 limit
16 for 17 ghb
19 in 22 samples
20 antemortem 21 urine
21 urine 22 samples

practice effects ( pe ) have been gaining interest as an early marker of pathological cognitive decline [among] older adults , [with] cognitively compromised individuals exhibiting diminished or absent pe , presumably due to reduced ability to learn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
1 practice 2 effects
2 effects 4 pe
2 effects 6 have
3 ( 4 pe
4 pe 5 )
6 have 7 been
7 been 9 interest
8 gaining 9 interest
9 interest 10 as
10 as 13 marker
11 an 12 early
11 an 13 marker
12 early 13 marker
13 marker 14 of
14 of 20 adults
15 pathological 17 decline
16 cognitive 17 decline
17 decline 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
21 , 28 or
23 cognitively 24 compromised
24 compromised 27 diminished
24 compromised 28 or
25 individuals 27 diminished
26 exhibiting 27 diminished
28 or 29 absent
29 absent 30 pe
30 pe 33 due
31 , 33 due
32 presumably 33 due
33 due 34 to
33 due 39 .
34 to 36 ability
35 reduced 36 ability
36 ability 37 to
36 ability 38 learn
37 to 38 learn

however , the opposite pattern has also been observed , with mci participants showing larger pes than controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 pattern
3 the 5 pattern
4 opposite 5 pattern
5 pattern 6 has
6 has 8 been
7 also 8 been
8 been 9 observed
9 observed 11 with
10 , 11 with
11 with 12 mci
11 with 13 participants
11 with 19 .
13 participants 14 showing
14 showing 16 pes
14 showing 17 than
15 larger 16 pes
17 than 18 controls

in this prospective cohort study , we examined the possibility that individuals [with] incipient cognitive decline may be more " thrown " by task novelty , which may inflate pe due to diminished performance during the first exposure to the task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 5 study
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 we
2 this 5 study
3 prospective 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 study
7 we 8 examined
8 examined 10 possibility
8 examined 23 by
9 the 10 possibility
10 possibility 16 decline
10 possibility 18 be
10 possibility 21 thrown
11 that 16 decline
12 individuals 16 decline
14 incipient 16 decline
15 cognitive 16 decline
16 decline 17 may
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 more
19 more 20 "
21 thrown 22 "
23 by 25 novelty
24 task 25 novelty
26 , 27 which
26 , 29 inflate
27 which 28 may
28 may 29 inflate
29 inflate 30 pe
29 inflate 32 to
29 inflate 39 to
31 due 32 to
32 to 34 performance
33 diminished 34 performance
34 performance 35 during
35 during 38 exposure
36 the 37 first
36 the 38 exposure
39 to 41 task
40 the 41 task

we assessed novelty effect ( ne ) and learning ( lrn ) on a motor task in 50 community [-] dwelling independent older adults who expressed a concern about their cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 3 novelty
2 assessed 17 in
2 assessed 29 about
3 novelty 8 and
3 novelty 16 task
4 effect 6 ne
4 effect 8 and
5 ( 6 ne
6 ne 7 )
8 and 9 learning
8 and 13 on
8 and 16 task
9 learning 11 lrn
10 ( 11 lrn
11 lrn 12 )
13 on 15 motor
14 a 15 motor
17 in 24 adults
18 50 24 adults
19 community 21 dwelling
21 dwelling 24 adults
22 independent 24 adults
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 who
24 adults 26 expressed
25 who 26 expressed
26 expressed 28 concern
27 a 28 concern
29 about 31 cognition
30 their 31 cognition

results showed that larger ne was associated with greater cognitive decline 17 months later , reliably classifying participants into decliners and nondecliners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 3 that
3 that 5 ne
3 that 7 associated
4 larger 5 ne
5 ne 6 was
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 decline
9 greater 11 decline
10 cognitive 11 decline
11 decline 12 17
11 decline 14 later
11 decline 17 classifying
13 months 14 later
15 , 17 classifying
16 reliably 17 classifying
17 classifying 18 participants
17 classifying 19 into
17 classifying 23 .
19 into 21 and
20 decliners 21 and
21 and 22 nondecliners

lrn did not independently explain any variance in future cognitive change , but moderated the relationship between ne and decline and correlated with the level of cognition at baseline and follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lrn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
1 lrn 13 but
2 did 3 not
2 did 5 explain
2 did 13 but
4 independently 5 explain
5 explain 7 variance
5 explain 8 in
6 any 7 variance
8 in 11 change
9 future 11 change
10 cognitive 11 change
12 , 13 but
13 but 19 and
14 moderated 16 relationship
14 moderated 17 between
14 moderated 19 and
15 the 16 relationship
17 between 18 ne
19 and 21 and
20 decline 21 and
21 and 30 and
22 correlated 23 with
22 correlated 28 at
22 correlated 30 and
23 with 25 level
24 the 25 level
25 level 26 of
26 of 27 cognition
28 at 29 baseline
30 and 31 follow
31 follow 33 up
32 - 33 up
33 up 34 .

these findings highlight the differing contributions of ne and lrn to pe , and demonstrate that ne may be sensitive to depletion of cognitive reserve among individuals who are on the verge of exhibiting a reliable cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 14 and
3 highlight 6 contributions
3 highlight 11 to
3 highlight 14 and
4 the 6 contributions
5 differing 6 contributions
6 contributions 7 of
7 of 10 lrn
8 ne 9 and
9 and 10 lrn
11 to 12 pe
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 demonstrate
14 and 21 to
14 and 26 among
14 and 32 verge
15 demonstrate 16 that
16 that 17 ne
16 that 19 be
17 ne 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 sensitive
21 to 22 depletion
22 depletion 23 of
23 of 25 reserve
24 cognitive 25 reserve
26 among 27 individuals
27 individuals 28 who
27 individuals 29 are
28 who 29 are
29 are 30 on
31 the 32 verge
32 verge 33 of
33 of 34 exhibiting
34 exhibiting 38 decline
35 a 36 reliable
35 a 38 decline
36 reliable 38 decline
37 cognitive 38 decline

background : social engagement and depression are important outcomes for residents with dementia in long - term care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 7 are
3 social 4 engagement
4 engagement 5 and
5 and 6 depression
5 and 7 are
7 are 9 outcomes
8 important 9 outcomes
9 outcomes 10 for
9 outcomes 12 with
10 for 11 residents
12 with 13 dementia
13 dementia 14 in
14 in 18 care
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 18 care

however , it is still largely unclear which differences in social engagement and depression exist in residents of various long - term care settings and how these differences may be explained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 still
4 is 7 unclear
6 largely 7 unclear
7 unclear 8 which
8 which 9 differences
9 differences 10 in
9 differences 15 exist
10 in 13 and
11 social 12 engagement
12 engagement 13 and
13 and 14 depression
15 exist 16 in
16 in 17 residents
17 residents 18 of
18 of 23 care
19 various 22 term
20 long 21 -
20 long 22 term
22 term 23 care
24 settings 25 and
25 and 26 how
25 and 28 differences
25 and 30 be
25 and 31 explained
27 these 28 differences
28 differences 29 may
29 may 30 be

this study investigated the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms in long - term care dementia units , and studied whether differences in social engagement and depressive symptoms between units can be ascribed to the composition of the resident population or to differences in type [of] care setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 20 and
3 investigated 5 relationship
3 investigated 6 between
3 investigated 20 and
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 9 and
7 social 8 engagement
8 engagement 9 and
9 and 11 symptoms
9 and 12 in
10 depressive 11 symptoms
12 in 18 units
13 long 14 -
13 long 18 units
15 term 16 care
16 care 18 units
17 dementia 18 units
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 studied
20 and 45 in
21 studied 22 whether
22 whether 27 and
22 whether 34 ascribed
23 differences 24 in
23 differences 27 and
24 in 26 engagement
25 social 26 engagement
27 and 29 symptoms
27 and 30 between
27 and 32 can
28 depressive 29 symptoms
30 between 31 units
32 can 33 be
33 be 34 ascribed
34 ascribed 42 or
35 to 37 composition
35 to 42 or
36 the 37 composition
37 composition 38 of
38 of 41 population
39 the 41 population
40 resident 41 population
42 or 43 to
43 to 44 differences
45 in 48 care
46 type 48 care
48 care 49 setting

methods : thirty - seven long - term care units for residents with dementia in nursing - and residential homes in the netherlands participated in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 thirty
3 thirty 10 units
4 - 10 units
5 seven 10 units
6 long 7 -
6 long 10 units
8 term 9 care
9 care 10 units
10 units 11 for
10 units 17 -
11 for 12 residents
12 residents 13 with
12 residents 15 in
13 with 14 dementia
15 in 16 nursing
17 - 18 and
18 and 20 homes
18 and 24 participated
19 residential 20 homes
20 homes 21 in
20 homes 24 participated
21 in 23 netherlands
22 the 23 netherlands
24 participated 25 in
25 in 27 study
26 the 27 study

social engagement and depressive symptoms were measured for 502 residents with the minimum data set of the resident assessment instrument . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 social 2 engagement
2 engagement 3 and
3 and 5 symptoms
3 and 6 were
4 depressive 5 symptoms
6 were 7 measured
7 measured 8 for
7 measured 11 with
8 for 10 residents
9 502 10 residents
11 with 15 set
12 the 15 set
13 minimum 14 data
14 data 15 set
15 set 16 of
16 of 20 instrument
17 the 20 instrument
18 resident 19 assessment
19 assessment 20 instrument

results were analyzed using multilevel analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 results 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 using
4 using 6 analysis
5 multilevel 6 analysis

results : residents of psychogeriatric units in nursing homes experienced low social engagement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 residents
2 : 10 experienced
2 : 14 .
3 residents 4 of
3 residents 10 experienced
4 of 6 units
5 psychogeriatric 6 units
6 units 7 in
7 in 8 nursing
8 nursing 9 homes
10 experienced 13 engagement
11 low 13 engagement
12 social 13 engagement

depressive symptoms were most often found in residents of psychogeriatric units in residential homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 symptoms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 depressive 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 were
3 were 4 most
4 most 6 found
5 often 6 found
6 found 7 in
6 found 12 in
7 in 8 residents
8 residents 9 of
9 of 11 units
10 psychogeriatric 11 units
12 in 14 homes
13 residential 14 homes

multilevel analyses showed that social engagement and depressive symptoms correlated [moderately] on the level of the units . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 multilevel 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 showed
3 showed 6 engagement
3 showed 7 and
4 that 5 social
5 social 6 engagement
7 and 9 symptoms
8 depressive 9 symptoms
9 symptoms 10 correlated
10 correlated 12 on
12 on 14 level
13 the 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 17 units
16 the 17 units

this correlation disappeared when the characteristics of residents were taken into account . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disappeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 disappeared
3 disappeared 4 when
4 when 6 characteristics
4 when 10 taken
5 the 6 characteristics
6 characteristics 7 of
6 characteristics 9 were
7 of 8 residents
9 were 10 taken
10 taken 12 account
11 into 12 account

conclusions : social engagement and depressive symptoms are [influenced] not only by individual characteristics but also by the type of care setting in which residents live . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 engagement
3 social 4 engagement
5 and 7 symptoms
5 and 8 are
6 depressive 7 symptoms
7 symptoms 8 are
8 are 10 not
8 are 11 only
8 are 12 by
12 by 14 characteristics
13 individual 14 characteristics
14 characteristics 15 but
14 characteristics 17 by
15 but 16 also
17 by 21 care
17 by 25 residents
17 by 26 live
18 the 19 type
19 type 20 of
19 type 21 care
20 of 21 care
21 care 22 setting
21 care 23 in
23 in 24 which
25 residents 26 live

however , in this study social engagement and depressive symptoms were not strongly related to each other , implying that separate interventions are needed to improve both outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 however 2 ,
1 however 8 and
3 in 5 study
3 in 8 and
4 this 5 study
6 social 7 engagement
7 engagement 8 and
8 and 10 symptoms
8 and 11 were
9 depressive 10 symptoms
11 were 12 not
11 were 13 strongly
11 were 14 related
14 related 15 to
14 related 19 implying
15 to 17 other
16 each 17 other
18 , 19 implying
19 implying 22 interventions
19 implying 24 needed
19 implying 29 .
20 that 21 separate
21 separate 22 interventions
22 interventions 23 are
23 are 24 needed
24 needed 25 to
25 to 26 improve
26 improve 28 outcomes
27 both 28 outcomes

in long - [lived] mammals , females that experience poor environmental conditions early in life may delay primiparity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 delay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 5 mammals
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 females
2 long 3 -
2 long 5 mammals
7 females 8 that
7 females 9 experience
7 females 16 may
8 that 9 experience
9 experience 12 conditions
10 poor 12 conditions
11 environmental 12 conditions
12 conditions 13 early
13 early 14 in
14 in 15 life
16 may 17 delay
17 delay 18 primiparity

in female bovids , annual horn growth increments may provide a record of age - specific reproduction and body growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 in 3 bovids
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 increments
2 female 3 bovids
5 annual 6 horn
6 horn 8 increments
7 growth 8 increments
8 increments 9 may
9 may 10 provide
10 provide 12 record
11 a 12 record
12 record 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 - 18 and
15 - 21 .
16 specific 17 reproduction
17 reproduction 18 and
18 and 20 growth
19 body 20 growth

horn length , however , may also be a criterion used by hunters in selecting animals to harvest , possibly leading to artificial selection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
1 horn 2 length
2 length 6 may
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 may
6 may 8 be
7 also 8 be
8 be 10 criterion
9 a 10 criterion
10 criterion 11 used
10 criterion 17 to
10 criterion 18 harvest
10 criterion 21 leading
11 used 12 by
11 used 14 in
12 by 13 hunters
14 in 15 selecting
15 selecting 16 animals
17 to 18 harvest
19 , 21 leading
20 possibly 21 leading
21 leading 22 to
21 leading 25 .
22 to 24 selection
23 artificial 24 selection

we also compared the risk of [harvest] to reproductive status and horn length . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 11 and
2 also 3 compared
3 compared 5 risk
3 compared 11 and
4 the 5 risk
5 risk 6 of
6 of 8 to
8 to 10 status
9 reproductive 10 status
11 and 12 horn
12 horn 13 length

females with strong early horn growth attained primiparity at an earlier age than [those] with weak early growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 females
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 attained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 females 2 with
1 females 7 attained
2 with 6 growth
3 strong 4 early
4 early 5 horn
5 horn 6 growth
7 attained 8 primiparity
7 attained 9 at
7 attained 13 than
7 attained 15 with
9 at 12 age
10 an 12 age
11 earlier 12 age
15 with 18 growth
16 weak 18 growth
17 early 18 growth

horn length did not affect hunter selection , but we found a strong hunter preference for nonlactating females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 horn 2 length
2 length 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 affect
5 affect 7 selection
6 hunter 7 selection
8 , 9 but
9 but 10 we
9 but 11 found
10 we 11 found
11 found 14 hunter
11 found 15 preference
12 a 13 strong
12 a 14 hunter
13 strong 14 hunter
15 preference 16 for
16 for 18 females
17 nonlactating 18 females

moderate sport harvests are unlikely to affect the evolution of phenotypic traits and reproductive strategies [in] female chamois . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 harvests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moderate 3 harvests
2 sport 3 harvests
3 harvests 4 are
4 are 5 unlikely
5 unlikely 6 to
5 unlikely 7 affect
6 to 7 affect
7 affect 9 evolution
8 the 9 evolution
9 evolution 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 phenotypic 12 traits
12 traits 13 and
13 and 18 chamois
14 reproductive 15 strategies
15 strategies 18 chamois
17 female 18 chamois

a policy of penalizing hunters that harvest lactating females , however , may increase the harvest of 2 - [year] - old females , which have high reproductive potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 policy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 policy
2 policy 3 of
2 policy 13 may
3 of 4 penalizing
4 penalizing 5 hunters
5 hunters 6 that
5 hunters 7 harvest
6 that 7 harvest
7 harvest 9 females
8 lactating 9 females
10 , 11 however
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 may
13 may 14 increase
14 increase 16 harvest
15 the 16 harvest
16 harvest 17 of
17 of 19 -
18 2 19 -
19 - 21 -
21 - 23 females
22 old 23 females
24 , 25 which
24 , 26 have
25 which 26 have
26 have 29 potential
27 high 29 potential
28 reproductive 29 potential

alzheimer 's disease is the most common form of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 4 is
4 is 8 form
5 the 6 most
6 most 8 form
7 common 8 form
8 form 9 of
9 of 10 dementia

alzheimer 's disease will be responsible for an enormous burden on the individual and the society , as with the aging of the population , the incidence and the prevalence will grow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 4 will
4 will 5 be
5 be 6 responsible
6 responsible 7 for
6 responsible 11 on
7 for 10 burden
8 an 10 burden
9 enormous 10 burden
11 on 14 and
12 the 13 individual
13 individual 14 and
14 and 16 society
14 and 18 as
15 the 16 society
17 , 18 as
18 as 19 with
18 as 25 ,
19 with 21 aging
20 the 21 aging
21 aging 22 of
22 of 24 population
23 the 24 population
25 , 27 incidence
25 , 28 and
26 the 27 incidence
28 and 30 prevalence
28 and 32 grow
29 the 30 prevalence
30 prevalence 31 will
31 will 32 grow

presently , the drugs used in alzheimer 's disease are only effective symptomatically and [improve] functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 presently 2 ,
1 presently 4 drugs
3 the 4 drugs
4 drugs 5 used
4 drugs 10 are
5 used 6 in
6 in 9 disease
7 alzheimer 8 's
8 's 9 disease
10 are 11 only
10 are 14 and
12 effective 13 symptomatically
12 effective 14 and
14 and 16 functioning

they do not halt the progression of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 halt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 they 2 do
2 do 3 not
2 do 4 halt
4 halt 6 progression
5 the 6 progression
6 progression 7 of
7 of 9 disease
8 the 9 disease

with the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease , there have been tremendous advances in the clinical trials of compounds that can modify the disease process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 with 4 advances
1 with 5 in
1 with 14 ,
1 with 15 there
2 the 4 advances
3 recent 4 advances
5 in 7 understanding
6 our 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
7 understanding 11 of
8 of 10 pathogenesis
9 the 10 pathogenesis
11 of 13 disease
12 this 13 disease
15 there 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 19 advances
18 tremendous 19 advances
19 advances 20 in
20 in 23 trials
21 the 23 trials
22 clinical 23 trials
23 trials 24 of
24 of 25 compounds
25 compounds 26 that
25 compounds 27 can
26 that 27 can
27 can 28 modify
28 modify 31 process
29 the 31 process
30 disease 31 process

numerous therapeutic interventions and neuroprotective approaches are also in trial phase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 numerous 3 interventions
2 therapeutic 3 interventions
3 interventions 4 and
4 and 5 neuroprotective
4 and 6 approaches
4 and 9 in
4 and 11 phase
6 approaches 7 are
7 are 8 also
7 are 9 in
10 trial 11 phase

it seems that [in] near [future] some of these compounds may be found effective and safe for use in this disease there by reducing the incidence of this disease in years to come , thereby lessen the burden due to it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 it 2 seems
2 seems 5 near
2 seems 15 and
3 that 5 near
5 near 7 some
7 some 8 of
7 some 10 compounds
7 some 13 found
8 of 9 these
10 compounds 11 may
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 found
14 effective 15 and
15 and 16 safe
16 safe 17 for
16 safe 19 in
16 safe 22 there
16 safe 23 by
16 safe 32 to
17 for 18 use
19 in 21 disease
20 this 21 disease
23 by 24 reducing
24 reducing 26 incidence
24 reducing 30 in
25 the 26 incidence
26 incidence 27 of
27 of 29 disease
28 this 29 disease
30 in 31 years
32 to 34 ,
33 come 34 ,
34 , 36 lessen
35 thereby 36 lessen
36 lessen 38 burden
36 lessen 40 to
37 the 38 burden
39 due 40 to
40 to 41 it

in this article various compounds that can modify the course of the disease are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 14 are
2 this 3 article
4 various 5 compounds
5 compounds 6 that
5 compounds 7 can
5 compounds 14 are
6 that 7 can
7 can 8 modify
8 modify 10 course
9 the 10 course
10 course 11 of
11 of 13 disease
12 the 13 disease
14 are 15 discussed

some recent patents and inventions for the treatment of alzheimer 's disease have also been discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 some 3 patents
2 recent 3 patents
3 patents 4 and
4 and 5 inventions
4 and 6 for
4 and 13 have
6 for 8 treatment
7 the 8 treatment
8 treatment 9 of
9 of 12 disease
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 12 disease
13 have 15 been
14 also 15 been
15 been 16 discussed

this study was conducted to develop and validate the health enhancement lifestyle profile ( help ) , a self - report measure for examining various aspects of health - related lifestyle in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 to
5 to 7 and
6 develop 7 and
7 and 8 validate
8 validate 22 measure
9 the 22 measure
10 health 11 enhancement
11 enhancement 12 lifestyle
12 lifestyle 13 profile
13 profile 15 help
13 profile 19 self
13 profile 22 measure
14 ( 15 help
15 help 16 )
17 , 19 self
18 a 19 self
19 self 20 -
21 report 22 measure
22 measure 23 for
23 for 24 examining
24 examining 26 aspects
25 various 26 aspects
26 aspects 27 of
27 of 28 health
29 - 30 related
30 related 31 lifestyle
30 related 32 in
30 related 35 .
32 in 34 adults
33 older 34 adults

data derived from 253 community [-] dwelling older adults were analyzed through the rasch measurement model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 data 2 derived
1 data 3 from
1 data 10 were
3 from 9 adults
4 253 9 adults
5 community 7 dwelling
7 dwelling 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 were 11 analyzed
11 analyzed 12 through
12 through 16 model
13 the 16 model
14 rasch 15 measurement
15 measurement 16 model

unidimensionality and data [-] model fit of help were largely supported through the analyses of principal components of residuals , fit statistics , local dependency , and differential item functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 unidimensionality 2 and
2 and 6 fit
2 and 7 of
2 and 9 were
3 data 5 model
5 model 6 fit
7 of 8 help
9 were 20 ,
10 largely 11 supported
11 supported 12 through
11 supported 17 components
11 supported 20 ,
12 through 14 analyses
13 the 14 analyses
14 analyses 15 of
15 of 16 principal
17 components 18 of
18 of 19 residuals
20 , 21 fit
21 fit 27 and
22 statistics 23 ,
23 , 25 dependency
23 , 27 and
24 local 25 dependency
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 item
27 and 30 functioning
28 differential 29 item

the item hierarchy formed through logits provided an expected pattern of healthy lifestyle behaviors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hierarchy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 hierarchy
2 item 3 hierarchy
3 hierarchy 4 formed
3 hierarchy 7 provided
4 formed 5 through
5 through 6 logits
7 provided 10 pattern
8 an 10 pattern
9 expected 10 pattern
10 pattern 11 of
11 of 14 behaviors
12 healthy 13 lifestyle
13 lifestyle 14 behaviors

acceptable to good person separation and reliability statistics supported the clinical applicability and consistency of the help scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 acceptable 2 to
1 acceptable 6 and
2 to 5 separation
3 good 4 person
4 person 5 separation
6 and 8 statistics
6 and 9 supported
7 reliability 8 statistics
9 supported 12 applicability
10 the 12 applicability
11 clinical 12 applicability
13 and 14 consistency
13 and 18 scores
14 consistency 15 of
14 consistency 18 scores
15 of 17 help
16 the 17 help

finally , analysis of the rating scale structure confirmed the functioning of the 0 - to 5 - point rating scale [used] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 9 confirmed
4 of 8 structure
5 the 8 structure
6 rating 8 structure
7 scale 8 structure
9 confirmed 11 functioning
10 the 11 functioning
11 functioning 12 of
12 of 14 0
13 the 14 0
14 0 16 to
15 - 16 to
16 to 17 5
16 to 18 -
18 - 21 scale
19 point 20 rating
20 rating 21 scale

help can assist in monitoring lifestyle risk factors and measuring the outcome of services aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 help 2 can
2 can 3 assist
3 assist 4 in
4 in 5 monitoring
5 monitoring 8 factors
6 lifestyle 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 and 10 measuring
9 and 15 aimed
10 measuring 12 outcome
10 measuring 15 aimed
11 the 12 outcome
12 outcome 13 of
13 of 14 services
15 aimed 16 at
15 aimed 20 among
16 at 17 promoting
17 promoting 19 lifestyles
18 healthy 19 lifestyles
20 among 22 adults
21 older 22 adults

soft tissue analysis plays an increasing [,] strategic role in the recognition of facial alterations , but there are scanty [three] - dimensional reference data during normal growth , development and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 soft 3 analysis
2 tissue 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 plays
4 plays 9 role
5 an 9 role
6 increasing 9 role
8 strategic 9 role
9 role 10 in
10 in 12 recognition
11 the 12 recognition
12 recognition 13 of
13 of 15 alterations
14 facial 15 alterations
16 , 17 but
16 , 19 are
17 but 18 there
17 but 19 are
19 are 25 data
20 scanty 22 -
20 scanty 24 reference
23 dimensional 24 reference
24 reference 25 data
25 data 26 during
26 during 31 and
27 normal 28 growth
28 growth 29 ,
29 , 30 development
29 , 31 and
31 and 32 aging

in the current study , 532 male and 386 female healthy subjects aged 4 to 73 years were analyzed using a [non] [-] invasive , computerized electromagnetic digitizer , and normal dimensions of mouth and lips were obtained in the three - dimensional space . 
1 in 3 current
1 in 8 and
2 the 3 current
4 study 5 ,
5 , 7 male
5 , 8 and
6 532 7 male
8 and 12 subjects
8 and 18 were
9 386 12 subjects
10 female 12 subjects
11 healthy 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 aged
12 subjects 15 to
13 aged 14 4
15 to 17 years
16 73 17 years
18 were 19 analyzed
19 analyzed 20 using
20 using 30 and
21 a 28 digitizer
24 invasive 25 ,
24 invasive 28 digitizer
26 computerized 28 digitizer
27 electromagnetic 28 digitizer
28 digitizer 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 normal
30 and 32 dimensions
30 and 37 were
30 and 38 obtained
32 dimensions 33 of
32 dimensions 37 were
33 of 35 and
34 mouth 35 and
35 and 36 lips
38 obtained 39 in
39 in 41 three
40 the 41 three
41 three 44 space
42 - 44 space
43 dimensional 44 space
44 space 45 .

labial thickness and curvature were also assessed in a selected group of 40 men and women , equally divided into young ( age 21 - 30 yr , mean 25 yr ) [and] old persons ( age 45 - 65 yr , mean 55 yr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
1 labial 2 thickness
2 thickness 3 and
3 and 4 curvature
3 and 5 were
5 were 7 assessed
6 also 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 in
8 in 15 and
9 a 11 group
10 selected 11 group
11 group 12 of
11 group 15 and
12 of 14 men
13 40 14 men
15 and 16 women
15 and 19 divided
17 , 19 divided
18 equally 19 divided
19 divided 20 into
19 divided 47 .
20 into 35 persons
21 young 23 age
21 young 34 old
22 ( 23 age
23 age 24 21
23 age 29 mean
23 age 32 )
24 21 27 yr
24 21 29 mean
25 - 27 yr
26 30 27 yr
27 yr 28 ,
29 mean 31 yr
30 25 31 yr
34 old 35 persons
35 persons 37 age
36 ( 37 age
37 age 38 45
37 age 43 mean
37 age 46 )
38 45 41 yr
38 45 43 mean
39 - 41 yr
40 65 41 yr
41 yr 42 ,
43 mean 45 yr
44 55 45 yr

lip vermilion area to volume , and vermilion height to cutaneous lip height ratios decreased with age in both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lip
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 lip 3 area
1 lip 4 to
1 lip 10 to
2 vermilion 3 area
4 to 7 and
5 volume 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 height
8 vermilion 9 height
10 to 14 ratios
11 cutaneous 13 height
12 lip 13 height
13 height 14 ratios
14 ratios 15 decreased
15 decreased 16 with
15 decreased 18 in
16 with 17 age
18 in 20 sexes
19 both 20 sexes

on average , the lips were thicker in men and in young persons than in women and in old persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lips
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 on 2 average
2 average 3 ,
2 average 5 lips
4 the 5 lips
5 lips 6 were
6 were 7 thicker
7 thicker 10 and
7 thicker 14 than
8 in 9 men
8 in 10 and
10 and 11 in
11 in 13 persons
12 young 13 persons
14 than 17 and
15 in 16 women
15 in 17 and
17 and 18 in
18 in 20 persons
19 old 20 persons

mean labial curvature was larger in young men than in the other groups , and it was more variable [in] young than in old persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 mean 3 curvature
1 mean 4 was
2 labial 3 curvature
3 curvature 4 was
4 was 5 larger
5 larger 6 in
5 larger 9 than
6 in 8 men
7 young 8 men
9 than 10 in
10 in 13 groups
11 the 12 other
12 other 13 groups
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 it
15 and 17 was
16 it 17 was
17 was 19 variable
18 more 19 variable
19 variable 21 young
19 variable 22 than
22 than 23 in
23 in 25 persons
24 old 25 persons

data collected in the present investigation can be used as a data base for the quantitative description of human lip morphology during normal growth , development and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 data 2 collected
1 data 7 can
2 collected 3 in
3 in 6 investigation
4 the 6 investigation
5 present 6 investigation
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 used
9 used 10 as
10 as 13 base
11 a 12 data
11 a 13 base
12 data 13 base
13 base 14 for
14 for 17 description
15 the 17 description
16 quantitative 17 description
17 description 18 of
17 description 22 during
18 of 21 morphology
19 human 20 lip
20 lip 21 morphology
22 during 27 and
23 normal 24 growth
24 growth 25 ,
25 , 26 development
25 , 27 and
27 and 28 aging

tissues and organs change over time , regulated by intrinsic ( genetic ) determinants and environmental ( and microenvironmental ) adaptation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 tissues 2 and
2 and 3 organs
2 and 7 ,
4 change 5 over
4 change 7 ,
5 over 6 time
7 , 8 regulated
7 , 9 by
9 by 21 adaptation
10 intrinsic 18 and
10 intrinsic 21 adaptation
11 ( 18 and
12 genetic 13 )
12 genetic 14 determinants
14 determinants 15 and
15 and 16 environmental
15 and 18 and
17 ( 18 and
18 and 19 microenvironmental
18 and 20 )

brain changes [during] [lifetime] are especially critical , as the brain is the effector of cognition and the vast majority of neurons live throughout the life of the individual . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 brain 2 changes
2 changes 5 are
5 are 7 critical
6 especially 7 critical
8 , 23 live
9 as 11 brain
9 as 12 is
9 as 23 live
10 the 11 brain
11 brain 12 is
12 is 14 effector
13 the 14 effector
14 effector 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 cognition 17 and
17 and 20 majority
17 and 21 of
18 the 20 majority
19 vast 20 majority
21 of 22 neurons
23 live 24 throughout
24 throughout 26 life
25 the 26 life
26 life 27 of
27 of 29 individual
28 the 29 individual

in addition , brain aging mechanisms are especially critical for disease vulnerability , given the aging - related prevalence of pathologies that include neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 mechanisms
4 brain 5 aging
5 aging 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 are
7 are 9 critical
8 especially 9 critical
9 critical 10 for
10 for 12 vulnerability
11 disease 12 vulnerability
12 vulnerability 14 given
13 , 14 given
14 given 16 aging
14 given 17 -
15 the 16 aging
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 prevalence
18 related 26 .
19 prevalence 20 of
20 of 21 pathologies
21 pathologies 22 that
21 pathologies 23 include
22 that 23 include
23 include 25 diseases
24 neurodegenerative 25 diseases

altogether , the present [synopsis] of recent studies at the molecular , cellular , and functional levels emphasizes the idea that the normal aging brain should be viewed as an example of adaptation and plasticity rather than as an obligatory decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 emphasizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 altogether 2 ,
1 altogether 4 present
3 the 4 present
4 present 6 of
4 present 18 emphasizes
6 of 8 studies
7 recent 8 studies
8 studies 9 at
9 at 17 levels
10 the 17 levels
11 molecular 12 ,
11 molecular 17 levels
13 cellular 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 functional
15 and 17 levels
18 emphasizes 20 idea
18 emphasizes 28 viewed
19 the 20 idea
20 idea 21 that
20 idea 27 be
21 that 25 brain
21 that 26 should
22 the 25 brain
23 normal 25 brain
24 aging 25 brain
25 brain 26 should
27 be 28 viewed
28 viewed 29 as
28 viewed 37 than
29 as 34 and
30 an 31 example
31 example 32 of
31 example 34 and
32 of 33 adaptation
34 and 35 plasticity
36 rather 37 than
37 than 38 as
38 as 41 decline
39 an 40 obligatory
39 an 41 decline
40 obligatory 41 decline

vitamin d [,] is a secosteroid which , in its active form 1,25 - [(] oh )2 - vitamin d3 , has hormone activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 4 is
4 is 6 secosteroid
5 a 6 secosteroid
6 secosteroid 7 which
6 secosteroid 22 has
7 which 9 in
7 which 22 has
8 , 9 in
9 in 12 form
9 in 21 ,
10 its 12 form
11 active 12 form
12 form 13 1,25
12 form 17 )2
14 - 17 )2
16 oh 17 )2
17 )2 20 d3
17 )2 21 ,
18 - 20 d3
19 vitamin 20 d3
20 d3 21 ,
22 has 24 activities
23 hormone 24 activities

most cells and tissues in the human body have vitamin d receptors that stimulate the nuclear transcription of various genes to alter [cellular] function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 most 2 cells
2 cells 3 and
3 and 4 tissues
3 and 5 in
3 and 9 have
5 in 8 body
6 the 8 body
7 human 8 body
9 have 12 receptors
9 have 21 to
9 have 24 function
10 vitamin 11 d
10 vitamin 12 receptors
12 receptors 13 that
12 receptors 14 stimulate
13 that 14 stimulate
14 stimulate 17 transcription
15 the 17 transcription
16 nuclear 17 transcription
17 transcription 18 of
18 of 20 genes
19 various 20 genes
21 to 22 alter

vitamin d [,] appears to have an effect on numerous disease states and disorders , including osteoporosis , chronic musculoskeletal pain , diabetes ( types 1 and 2 ) , multiple sclerosis , cardiovascular disease , and cancers of the breast , prostate , and colon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 13 and
4 appears 5 to
4 appears 6 have
4 appears 13 and
5 to 6 have
6 have 8 effect
6 have 9 on
7 an 8 effect
9 on 12 states
10 numerous 11 disease
11 disease 12 states
13 and 14 disorders
13 and 16 including
13 and 21 pain
15 , 16 including
16 including 17 osteoporosis
16 including 18 ,
19 chronic 21 pain
20 musculoskeletal 21 pain
21 pain 23 diabetes
21 pain 32 sclerosis
22 , 23 diabetes
23 diabetes 25 types
23 diabetes 29 )
24 ( 25 types
25 types 27 and
25 types 29 )
26 1 27 and
27 and 28 2
30 , 32 sclerosis
31 multiple 32 sclerosis
32 sclerosis 33 ,
33 , 37 and
34 cardiovascular 35 disease
35 disease 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 cancers
37 and 39 of
39 of 45 and
40 the 41 breast
41 breast 42 ,
42 , 43 prostate
42 , 45 and
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 colon

according to many researchers there is currently a worldwide vitamin d deficiency in various populations , including infants , pregnant and lactating women , and the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 researchers
2 to 5 there
3 many 4 researchers
5 there 6 is
6 is 7 currently
6 is 12 deficiency
6 is 13 in
8 a 12 deficiency
9 worldwide 10 vitamin
10 vitamin 11 d
10 vitamin 12 deficiency
13 in 15 populations
14 various 15 populations
15 populations 17 including
16 , 17 including
17 including 18 infants
17 including 19 ,
19 , 25 and
20 pregnant 21 and
21 and 23 women
21 and 25 and
22 lactating 23 women
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly

the prevalence of vitamin d [,] insufficiency in the general german population is high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 13 is
3 of 7 insufficiency
4 vitamin 5 d
4 vitamin 7 insufficiency
7 insufficiency 8 in
8 in 12 population
9 the 12 population
10 general 11 german
11 german 12 population
13 is 14 high

vitamin d in the food supply is limited and most often inadequate to prevent deficiencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 3 in
1 vitamin 7 is
3 in 6 supply
4 the 6 supply
5 food 6 supply
7 is 9 and
8 limited 9 and
9 and 11 often
9 and 12 inadequate
9 and 13 to
9 and 14 prevent
10 most 11 often
13 to 14 prevent
14 prevent 15 deficiencies

supplemental vitamin d is [likely] necessary to avoid deficiency , especially in winter months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 supplemental 2 vitamin
2 vitamin 3 d
2 vitamin 4 is
4 is 6 necessary
6 necessary 7 to
6 necessary 8 avoid
7 to 8 avoid
8 avoid 9 deficiency
9 deficiency 12 in
10 , 11 especially
10 , 12 in
12 in 14 months
12 in 15 .
13 winter 14 months

the estimated cost saving effect of improving vitamin d status in germany might be up to 37.5 billion euros annually . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 cost
2 estimated 3 cost
3 cost 4 saving
3 cost 13 might
4 saving 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 improving
7 improving 10 status
7 improving 11 in
8 vitamin 9 d
8 vitamin 10 status
11 in 12 germany
13 might 14 be
14 be 15 up
15 up 16 to
15 up 20 annually
16 to 19 euros
17 37.5 18 billion
18 billion 19 euros

the heat shock factor ( hsf ) , a protein evolutionarily conserved from yeasts [to] human , regulates the expression of a set of proteins called heat shock proteins ( hsps ) , many of which function as molecular [chaperones] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 4 factor
2 heat 4 factor
3 shock 4 factor
4 factor 6 hsf
4 factor 10 protein
4 factor 18 regulates
5 ( 6 hsf
6 hsf 7 )
8 , 10 protein
9 a 10 protein
10 protein 12 conserved
10 protein 17 ,
11 evolutionarily 12 conserved
12 conserved 13 from
12 conserved 16 human
13 from 14 yeasts
18 regulates 20 expression
19 the 20 expression
20 expression 21 of
20 expression 24 of
21 of 23 set
22 a 23 set
24 of 25 proteins
25 proteins 26 called
26 called 29 proteins
27 heat 29 proteins
28 shock 29 proteins
29 proteins 31 hsps
30 ( 31 hsps
31 hsps 32 )
33 , 34 many
33 , 37 function
34 many 35 of
34 many 37 function
35 of 36 which
37 function 38 as
38 as 39 molecular

in saccharomyces cerevisiae , the hsf binds to the 5 ['] upstream region of ygr146c and activates its transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hsf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 cerevisiae
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 hsf
2 saccharomyces 3 cerevisiae
5 the 6 hsf
6 hsf 16 and
7 binds 8 to
7 binds 16 and
8 to 13 region
9 the 13 region
10 5 13 region
12 upstream 13 region
13 region 14 of
14 of 15 ygr146c
16 and 17 activates
17 activates 19 transcription
18 its 19 transcription

ygr146c encodes a functional homolog of ecl1 [(] [+] [ )(, ecl2 [(] [+] ) , and ecl3 ( [+] [ )(of schizosaccharomyces pombe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ygr146c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 encodes
1 ygr146c 2 encodes
2 encodes 17 and
3 a 4 functional
3 a 5 homolog
4 functional 5 homolog
5 homolog 6 of
5 homolog 17 and
6 of 7 ecl1
7 ecl1 12 ecl2
11 )(, 12 ecl2
12 ecl2 15 )
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 ecl3
17 and 22 )(of
19 ( 22 )(of
22 )(of 24 pombe
22 )(of 25 .
23 schizosaccharomyces 24 pombe

at present , these ecl1 family genes , which are extenders of chronological lifespan , have been identified only in fungi groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 at 2 present
2 present 3 ,
2 present 7 genes
4 these 7 genes
5 ecl1 7 genes
6 family 7 genes
7 genes 9 which
7 genes 16 have
8 , 9 which
9 which 10 are
9 which 15 ,
10 are 11 extenders
11 extenders 12 of
12 of 14 lifespan
13 chronological 14 lifespan
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 identified
18 identified 19 only
19 only 20 in
20 in 22 groups
21 fungi 22 groups

based on chip analysis , we identified that hsf1 binds to the upstream dna region of ecl2 [(] [+] ) [after] heat shock in s . pombe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 pombe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 we
2 on 4 analysis
3 chip 4 analysis
6 we 7 identified
7 identified 9 hsf1
8 that 9 hsf1
9 hsf1 10 binds
9 hsf1 23 shock
10 binds 11 to
10 binds 16 of
10 binds 23 shock
11 to 15 region
12 the 15 region
13 upstream 15 region
14 dna 15 region
16 of 22 heat
17 ecl2 20 )
17 ecl2 22 heat
23 shock 24 in
24 in 25 s
26 . 27 pombe

in caenorhabditis elegans , heat shock factor hsf - 1 is known to regulate aging and required for the elongation [of] longevity [by] dietary restriction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 elegans
1 in 10 1
2 caenorhabditis 3 elegans
3 elegans 8 hsf
4 , 8 hsf
5 heat 6 shock
6 shock 8 hsf
7 factor 8 hsf
8 hsf 9 -
10 1 11 is
11 is 12 known
12 known 13 to
12 known 16 and
13 to 16 and
14 regulate 15 aging
14 regulate 16 and
16 and 17 required
16 and 18 for
18 for 25 restriction
19 the 25 restriction
20 elongation 22 longevity
22 longevity 25 restriction
24 dietary 25 restriction

we found that heat shock factor hsf1 extends chronological lifespan of s . pombe when overexpressed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 pombe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 7 hsf1
3 that 8 extends
4 heat 6 factor
5 shock 6 factor
6 factor 7 hsf1
7 hsf1 8 extends
8 extends 10 lifespan
9 chronological 10 lifespan
10 lifespan 11 of
11 of 12 s
13 . 14 pombe
14 pombe 15 when
15 when 16 overexpressed

moreover , we show that the extension of chronological lifespan by the overproduction of hsf1 mainly depends on ecl2 ( [+] [ )(among ecl1 family genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 7 extension
5 that 17 depends
6 the 7 extension
7 extension 8 of
7 extension 17 depends
8 of 10 lifespan
9 chronological 10 lifespan
10 lifespan 11 by
11 by 13 overproduction
12 the 13 overproduction
13 overproduction 14 of
14 of 15 hsf1
16 mainly 17 depends
17 depends 18 on
18 on 19 ecl2
19 ecl2 23 )(among
20 ( 23 )(among
23 )(among 26 genes
23 )(among 27 .
24 ecl1 26 genes
25 family 26 genes

[from] these results , we suggest that hsf is a conserved regulator of lifespan , at least in yeast and nematode , and ecl1 family genes such as ygr146c and ecl2 [(] [+] ) are the direct targets of hsf1 and [mediate] lifespan extension by hsf1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
2 these 3 results
4 , 9 is
4 , 15 ,
5 we 6 suggest
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 8 hsf
7 that 9 is
9 is 12 regulator
9 is 13 of
10 a 12 regulator
11 conserved 12 regulator
13 of 14 lifespan
15 , 26 genes
16 at 17 least
17 least 26 genes
18 in 23 and
18 in 26 genes
19 yeast 20 and
20 and 21 nematode
20 and 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 ecl1
25 family 26 genes
26 genes 28 as
26 genes 35 are
27 such 28 as
28 as 30 and
29 ygr146c 30 and
30 and 31 ecl2
30 and 34 )
35 are 38 targets
36 the 38 targets
37 direct 38 targets
38 targets 39 of
39 of 41 and
40 hsf1 41 and
41 and 44 extension
41 and 47 .
43 lifespan 44 extension
44 extension 45 by
45 by 46 hsf1

background : cognitive impairment of the elderly contributes to morbidity , loss of quality of life , and impairment of work ability in aging western societies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 impairment
2 : 8 contributes
3 cognitive 4 impairment
4 impairment 5 of
4 impairment 8 contributes
5 of 7 elderly
6 the 7 elderly
8 contributes 9 to
8 contributes 23 in
9 to 18 and
10 morbidity 11 ,
11 , 12 loss
11 , 18 and
12 loss 13 of
12 loss 15 of
13 of 14 quality
15 of 16 life
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 impairment
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 ability
21 work 22 ability
23 in 24 aging
24 aging 26 societies
25 western 26 societies

thus strategies to maintain [cognitive] function at an advanced age imply a great challenge to occupational medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 thus 2 strategies
2 strategies 3 to
2 strategies 6 function
2 strategies 11 imply
3 to 4 maintain
4 maintain 6 function
6 function 7 at
7 at 10 age
8 an 9 advanced
8 an 10 age
9 advanced 10 age
11 imply 14 challenge
11 imply 15 to
12 a 13 great
12 a 14 challenge
13 great 14 challenge
15 to 17 medicine
16 occupational 17 medicine

aim : to study whether intensive endurance exercise training is associated with better cognitive performance and increases brain - derived neurotrophic [factor] ( bdnf ) and insulin - like growth [factor] ( igf ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 study
2 : 35 .
3 to 4 study
4 study 5 whether
5 whether 9 training
5 whether 11 associated
6 intensive 7 endurance
7 endurance 8 exercise
8 exercise 9 training
9 training 10 is
10 is 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 29 like
12 with 26 and
13 better 15 performance
14 cognitive 15 performance
15 performance 16 and
16 and 18 brain
16 and 19 -
16 and 20 derived
16 and 24 bdnf
16 and 26 and
17 increases 18 brain
20 derived 21 neurotrophic
23 ( 24 bdnf
24 bdnf 25 )
26 and 27 insulin
28 - 29 like
29 like 30 growth
29 like 34 )
30 growth 33 igf
32 ( 33 igf
33 igf 34 )

methods : active elderly marathon runners or bicyclists older than 60 years were recruited and matched with an inactive control group according to age , sex , and education years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 28 and
3 active 6 runners
4 elderly 6 runners
5 marathon 6 runners
6 runners 7 or
7 or 8 bicyclists
7 or 9 older
7 or 12 years
7 or 15 and
7 or 28 and
9 older 10 than
10 than 11 60
12 years 15 and
13 were 14 recruited
13 were 15 and
15 and 16 matched
15 and 17 with
15 and 23 to
17 with 21 group
18 an 21 group
19 inactive 21 group
20 control 21 group
22 according 23 to
23 to 24 age
24 age 26 sex
25 , 26 sex
26 sex 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 years
29 education 30 years

after exclusion of various diseases according to the study protocol 56 athletes and 58 controls could be selected for follow - up studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 56
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 after 2 exclusion
1 after 11 56
2 exclusion 3 of
3 of 5 diseases
4 various 5 diseases
6 according 7 to
7 to 10 protocol
7 to 11 56
8 the 10 protocol
9 study 10 protocol
11 56 13 and
11 56 19 for
11 56 20 follow
12 athletes 13 and
13 and 15 controls
13 and 16 could
14 58 15 controls
16 could 17 be
17 be 18 selected
18 selected 19 for
21 - 23 studies
21 - 24 .
22 up 23 studies

the influence [of] endurance training [on] cognitive function was assessed by the use of the vienna neuropsychological test battery and the cerad test battery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 8 function
2 influence 8 function
4 endurance 8 function
5 training 8 function
7 cognitive 8 function
8 function 9 was
9 was 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 by
11 by 13 use
12 the 13 use
13 use 14 of
14 of 20 and
15 the 19 battery
16 vienna 17 neuropsychological
17 neuropsychological 18 test
18 test 19 battery
19 battery 20 and
20 and 24 battery
21 the 24 battery
22 cerad 24 battery
23 test 24 battery

other relevant outcomes were the levels of bdnf , igf - 1 , apo e4 carrier state , and self - ratings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 other 3 outcomes
2 relevant 3 outcomes
3 outcomes 4 were
4 were 6 levels
5 the 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 19 and
8 bdnf 9 ,
9 , 17 state
9 , 19 and
10 igf 12 1
10 igf 17 state
11 - 12 1
12 1 13 ,
14 apo 17 state
15 e4 16 carrier
16 carrier 17 state
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 self
21 - 22 ratings

results : the elderly marathon group performed better only in one specific cognitive task ( the five point test , p = 0.04 ) and almost significantly better in one additional test ( the nai stroop test , p = 0.08 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 group
3 the 6 group
4 elderly 5 marathon
5 marathon 6 group
6 group 7 performed
6 group 18 point
7 performed 8 better
7 performed 9 only
7 performed 10 in
10 in 14 task
11 one 14 task
12 specific 14 task
13 cognitive 14 task
15 ( 18 point
16 the 18 point
17 five 18 point
18 point 25 and
18 point 42 )
19 test 22 =
19 test 25 and
20 , 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.04
22 = 24 )
25 and 27 significantly
25 and 28 better
26 almost 27 significantly
28 better 29 in
28 better 40 =
29 in 32 test
30 one 32 test
31 additional 32 test
32 test 37 test
33 ( 37 test
34 the 37 test
35 nai 36 stroop
36 stroop 37 test
37 test 38 ,
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.08
40 = 42 )

neither bdnf nor igf - 1 was related to the duration of daily exercise and no differences in the basal levels of these humoral growth factors in the exercise and the control cohort were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 neither 3 nor
2 bdnf 3 nor
3 nor 4 igf
5 - 6 1
5 - 8 related
5 - 15 and
6 1 7 was
7 was 8 related
8 related 9 to
9 to 11 duration
10 the 11 duration
11 duration 12 of
12 of 14 exercise
13 daily 14 exercise
15 and 17 differences
15 and 35 found
16 no 17 differences
17 differences 18 in
17 differences 22 of
17 differences 34 were
18 in 21 levels
19 the 21 levels
20 basal 21 levels
22 of 30 and
23 these 26 factors
24 humoral 25 growth
25 growth 26 factors
26 factors 27 in
26 factors 30 and
27 in 29 exercise
28 the 29 exercise
30 and 33 cohort
31 the 33 cohort
32 control 33 cohort
34 were 35 found

interestingly , we also found significantly decreased bdnf levels in subjects with alzheimer 's disease in the family in spite of the maintained normal cognitive performance ( p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 we
3 we 5 found
4 also 5 found
5 found 6 significantly
5 found 8 bdnf
5 found 9 levels
7 decreased 8 bdnf
8 bdnf 9 levels
9 levels 10 in
9 levels 11 subjects
9 levels 12 with
9 levels 16 in
12 with 15 disease
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
16 in 18 family
17 the 18 family
18 family 19 in
18 family 21 of
19 in 20 spite
21 of 26 performance
22 the 26 performance
23 maintained 26 performance
24 normal 26 performance
25 cognitive 26 performance
26 performance 29 =
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.01
29 = 31 )

conclusion : these results suggest that extensive endurance exercise training might be beneficial for maintaining cognitive function [in] elderly persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 endurance
6 that 7 extensive
7 extensive 8 endurance
8 endurance 10 training
8 endurance 15 maintaining
9 exercise 10 training
10 training 11 might
11 might 12 be
12 be 13 beneficial
13 beneficial 14 for
14 for 15 maintaining
15 maintaining 20 persons
16 cognitive 17 function
17 function 20 persons
19 elderly 20 persons

our data demonstrate that beneficial endurance training effects are not linked to the upregulation of the examined neurotrophins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 8 effects
3 demonstrate 9 are
4 that 5 beneficial
5 beneficial 6 endurance
6 endurance 8 effects
7 training 8 effects
8 effects 9 are
9 are 10 not
9 are 12 to
10 not 11 linked
12 to 14 upregulation
13 the 14 upregulation
14 upregulation 15 of
15 of 18 neurotrophins
16 the 18 neurotrophins
17 examined 18 neurotrophins

since we found reduced bdnf - levels in subjects with a positive family history of alzheimer 's disease , we speculate that bdnf [-] reduction might precede cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 speculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 since 2 we
1 since 3 found
1 since 19 ,
1 since 20 we
2 we 3 found
3 found 5 bdnf
4 reduced 5 bdnf
5 bdnf 7 levels
6 - 7 levels
7 levels 8 in
7 levels 10 with
7 levels 19 ,
8 in 9 subjects
10 with 14 history
11 a 12 positive
11 a 14 history
12 positive 13 family
13 family 14 history
14 history 15 of
15 of 18 disease
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
20 we 21 speculate
21 speculate 22 that
22 that 25 reduction
22 that 27 precede
23 bdnf 25 reduction
25 reduction 26 might
26 might 27 precede
27 precede 29 impairment
28 cognitive 29 impairment

unlabelled : the sodium - potassium - 2 chloride bumetanide - sensitive transporter [(] nkcc2 ) , a protein coded by gene slc12a1 , allows salt reabsorption in the thick ascending [loop] of henle ( talh ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 4 sodium
3 the 4 sodium
4 sodium 6 potassium
5 - 6 potassium
6 potassium 7 -
7 - 10 bumetanide
7 - 25 allows
7 - 38 .
8 2 9 chloride
9 chloride 10 bumetanide
10 bumetanide 15 nkcc2
10 bumetanide 19 protein
10 bumetanide 25 allows
11 - 15 nkcc2
12 sensitive 13 transporter
13 transporter 15 nkcc2
15 nkcc2 16 )
17 , 19 protein
18 a 19 protein
19 protein 20 coded
19 protein 24 ,
20 coded 21 by
21 by 23 slc12a1
22 gene 23 slc12a1
25 allows 26 salt
25 allows 27 reabsorption
25 allows 28 in
28 in 31 ascending
29 the 31 ascending
30 thick 31 ascending
31 ascending 33 of
31 ascending 36 talh
33 of 34 henle
35 ( 36 talh
36 talh 37 )

the functional and clinical exploration of the talh can be carried out using the chaimowitz 's test , which is based on the exploration of the tubular response to [an] [acute] overload of a hypotonic sodium chloride solution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 functional
2 functional 3 and
3 and 5 exploration
3 and 6 of
3 and 9 can
4 clinical 5 exploration
6 of 8 talh
7 the 8 talh
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 carried
11 carried 12 out
11 carried 13 using
13 using 17 test
14 the 15 chaimowitz
15 chaimowitz 16 's
16 's 17 test
18 , 19 which
18 , 21 based
19 which 20 is
20 is 21 based
21 based 22 on
22 on 24 exploration
23 the 24 exploration
24 exploration 25 of
24 exploration 33 of
25 of 28 response
26 the 28 response
27 tubular 28 response
28 response 29 to
28 response 32 overload
29 to 32 overload
33 of 38 solution
34 a 35 hypotonic
34 a 38 solution
35 hypotonic 36 sodium
36 sodium 37 chloride
37 chloride 38 solution

since this segment is normally responsible for the generation of free water clearance , its function can be assessed via the calculation of such clearance from the parameters obtained during this test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 since 3 segment
1 since 4 is
1 since 14 ,
1 since 16 function
2 this 3 segment
3 segment 4 is
4 is 5 normally
4 is 6 responsible
6 responsible 7 for
7 for 9 generation
8 the 9 generation
9 generation 10 of
10 of 13 clearance
11 free 12 water
12 water 13 clearance
15 its 16 function
16 function 17 can
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 assessed
19 assessed 20 via
20 via 22 calculation
21 the 22 calculation
22 calculation 23 of
23 of 25 clearance
24 such 25 clearance
25 clearance 26 from
26 from 28 parameters
27 the 28 parameters
28 parameters 29 obtained
29 obtained 30 during
30 during 32 test
31 this 32 test

by applying the chaimowitz 's test , the presence of incompetence for sodium reabsorption in talh in healthy old people was documented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 by 2 applying
1 by 7 ,
1 by 9 presence
2 applying 6 test
3 the 4 chaimowitz
4 chaimowitz 5 's
5 's 6 test
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
9 presence 21 was
10 of 11 incompetence
11 incompetence 12 for
12 for 14 reabsorption
13 sodium 14 reabsorption
14 reabsorption 15 in
15 in 16 talh
16 talh 17 in
17 in 20 people
18 healthy 20 people
19 old 20 people
21 was 22 documented

additionally , it was documented that in water - restricted old rats , a situation that normally induces an increase in the number of nkcc2 in young rats is absent in old ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 3 it
3 it 4 was
4 was 5 documented
5 documented 6 that
6 that 15 situation
6 that 29 is
7 in 8 water
7 in 13 ,
7 in 15 situation
8 water 12 rats
9 - 12 rats
10 restricted 12 rats
11 old 12 rats
12 rats 13 ,
14 a 15 situation
15 situation 16 that
15 situation 18 induces
15 situation 29 is
16 that 18 induces
17 normally 18 induces
18 induces 20 increase
18 induces 21 in
18 induces 26 in
19 an 20 increase
21 in 25 nkcc2
22 the 23 number
23 number 24 of
23 number 25 nkcc2
24 of 25 nkcc2
26 in 28 rats
27 young 28 rats
29 is 30 absent
30 absent 31 in
31 in 33 ones
32 old 33 ones

in the clinical setting , the increased urinary sodium loss usually found in healthy old people predisposes them to dehydration , hypotension and [or] hyponatremia when they are on low - sodium [diet] or under treatment with diuretics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 predisposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 4 setting
1 in 5 ,
1 in 10 loss
2 the 4 setting
3 clinical 4 setting
6 the 10 loss
7 increased 9 sodium
8 urinary 9 sodium
9 sodium 10 loss
10 loss 12 found
10 loss 17 predisposes
11 usually 12 found
12 found 13 in
13 in 16 people
14 healthy 16 people
15 old 16 people
17 predisposes 18 them
17 predisposes 19 to
17 predisposes 26 when
17 predisposes 34 or
17 predisposes 37 with
19 to 23 and
20 dehydration 21 ,
21 , 22 hypotension
21 , 23 and
23 and 25 hyponatremia
26 when 27 they
26 when 28 are
27 they 28 are
29 on 32 sodium
29 on 34 or
30 low 31 -
30 low 32 sodium
34 or 35 under
35 under 36 treatment
37 with 38 diuretics

these are commonly found in elderly people with geriatric syndromes such as delirium , gait disorders and incontinence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 are
2 are 4 found
3 commonly 4 found
4 found 5 in
4 found 8 with
5 in 7 people
6 elderly 7 people
8 with 10 syndromes
9 geriatric 10 syndromes
10 syndromes 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 17 and
13 delirium 14 ,
14 , 16 disorders
14 , 17 and
15 gait 16 disorders
17 and 18 incontinence

conclusion : the nkcc2 transporter decrease in the thick ascending [loop] of henle secondary to the ageing could explain the reduced sodium reabsorption of this segment in the healthy elderly and its potential clinical consequences of dehydration and serum sodium abnormalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 decrease
2 : 19 explain
2 : 42 .
3 the 6 decrease
4 nkcc2 6 decrease
5 transporter 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 in
6 decrease 18 could
7 in 10 ascending
8 the 10 ascending
9 thick 10 ascending
10 ascending 12 of
10 ascending 14 secondary
12 of 13 henle
14 secondary 15 to
15 to 17 ageing
16 the 17 ageing
18 could 19 explain
19 explain 23 reabsorption
19 explain 27 in
20 the 23 reabsorption
21 reduced 22 sodium
22 sodium 23 reabsorption
23 reabsorption 24 of
24 of 26 segment
25 this 26 segment
27 in 41 abnormalities
28 the 41 abnormalities
29 healthy 41 abnormalities
30 elderly 31 and
31 and 35 consequences
31 and 36 of
31 and 38 and
32 its 35 consequences
33 potential 35 consequences
34 clinical 35 consequences
36 of 37 dehydration
38 and 39 serum
38 and 41 abnormalities
40 sodium 41 abnormalities

with aging of society , clarification of the relationship between qol and abnormal posture in the elderly may allow improvement of qol through any preventive methods and training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 with 2 aging
1 with 12 and
3 of 4 society
3 of 5 ,
3 of 12 and
6 clarification 7 of
6 clarification 12 and
7 of 9 relationship
8 the 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
10 between 11 qol
12 and 14 posture
12 and 15 in
12 and 18 may
13 abnormal 14 posture
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly
18 may 19 allow
19 allow 27 and
20 improvement 21 of
20 improvement 27 and
21 of 22 qol
22 qol 23 through
23 through 26 methods
24 any 26 methods
25 preventive 26 methods
27 and 28 training

however , sagittal balance has not been studied widely and most studies have focused on postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 balance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 balance
3 sagittal 4 balance
4 balance 5 has
5 has 6 not
5 has 7 been
7 been 8 studied
8 studied 9 widely
10 and 12 studies
10 and 14 focused
11 most 12 studies
12 studies 13 have
13 have 14 focused
14 focused 15 on
14 focused 18 with
15 on 17 patients
16 postmenopausal 17 patients
18 with 19 osteoporosis

in this report , we provide the first evaluation of the simultaneous effects of degenerative changes [on] radiograph , spinal range of motion ( rom ) , sagittal balance , and back muscle strength , and examine the influence of these effects on qol of the middle - aged and elderly male subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 report
5 we 36 and
6 provide 9 evaluation
6 provide 36 and
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 evaluation
9 evaluation 10 of
9 evaluation 13 effects
9 evaluation 18 radiograph
9 evaluation 21 range
10 of 12 simultaneous
11 the 12 simultaneous
13 effects 14 of
13 effects 18 radiograph
14 of 16 changes
15 degenerative 16 changes
19 , 21 range
20 spinal 21 range
21 range 22 of
21 range 25 rom
21 range 31 and
21 range 35 ,
22 of 23 motion
24 ( 25 rom
25 rom 26 )
27 , 31 and
28 sagittal 29 balance
29 balance 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 strength
31 and 35 ,
32 back 34 strength
33 muscle 34 strength
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 examine
37 examine 39 influence
37 examine 43 on
38 the 39 influence
39 influence 40 of
40 of 42 effects
41 these 42 effects
43 on 44 qol
44 qol 45 of
45 of 47 middle
46 the 47 middle
47 middle 53 subjects
48 - 53 subjects
49 aged 50 and
50 and 51 elderly
50 and 52 male
52 male 53 subjects
53 subjects 54 .

the subjects were 100 japanese males who underwent a basic health checkup . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 were
3 were 6 males
4 100 6 males
5 japanese 6 males
6 males 7 who
6 males 8 underwent
7 who 8 underwent
8 underwent 12 checkup
9 a 10 basic
9 a 12 checkup
10 basic 11 health
11 health 12 checkup

lumbar lateral [radiograph] , sagittal balance and spinal mobility determined with spinalmouse ( [®] [ )(and back muscle strength were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 balance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 lumbar 6 balance
2 lateral 4 ,
2 lateral 6 balance
5 sagittal 6 balance
7 and 9 mobility
7 and 10 determined
8 spinal 9 mobility
9 mobility 10 determined
10 determined 11 with
10 determined 19 strength
10 determined 21 measured
11 with 16 )(and
12 spinalmouse 16 )(and
13 ( 16 )(and
16 )(and 17 back
18 muscle 19 strength
19 strength 20 were
20 were 21 measured

the thoracic/lumbar angle ratio [(] [t/l] ratio [ )(was used as an index of sagittal balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 7 ratio
2 thoracic/lumbar 3 angle
3 angle 7 ratio
4 ratio 7 ratio
7 ratio 9 )(was
9 )(was 10 used
10 used 11 as
11 as 13 index
12 an 13 index
13 index 14 of
14 of 16 balance
15 sagittal 16 balance

sf - 36 physical component summary ( pcs ) scores showed a significant negative correlation with age ( r = - 0.377 ) [,] osteophyte [score] ( r = - 0.246 [ )( t/l ratio ( r = - 0.214 [ )(, [and] [a] significant positive correlation with lumbar lordosis angle ( r = 0.271 ) , [thoracic] rom ( r = 0.282 ) , and back muscle strength ( r = 0.549 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
1 sf 2 -
1 sf 10 scores
3 36 10 scores
4 physical 5 component
5 component 10 scores
6 summary 8 pcs
6 summary 9 )
6 summary 10 scores
7 ( 8 pcs
8 pcs 9 )
10 scores 11 showed
11 showed 14 negative
11 showed 15 correlation
11 showed 16 with
12 a 14 negative
13 significant 14 negative
16 with 17 age
16 with 25 osteophyte
18 ( 21 -
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 -
21 - 22 0.377
21 - 23 )
21 - 25 osteophyte
25 osteophyte 29 =
27 ( 29 =
28 r 29 =
29 = 30 -
30 - 34 t/l
30 - 35 ratio
31 0.246 34 t/l
35 ratio 47 correlation
36 ( 39 -
37 r 38 =
38 = 39 -
39 - 40 0.214
39 - 42 )(,
39 - 47 correlation
45 significant 47 correlation
46 positive 47 correlation
47 correlation 48 with
47 correlation 57 ,
48 with 51 angle
49 lumbar 50 lordosis
50 lordosis 51 angle
51 angle 54 =
52 ( 54 =
53 r 54 =
54 = 55 0.271
54 = 56 )
57 , 59 rom
57 , 66 and
59 rom 62 =
60 ( 62 =
61 r 62 =
62 = 63 0.282
62 = 64 )
65 , 66 and
66 and 67 back
66 and 68 muscle
68 muscle 69 strength
69 strength 72 =
70 ( 72 =
71 r 72 =
72 = 73 0.549
72 = 75 )(

multiple regression analysis indicated that thoracic spinal rom ( r = 0.254 , p < 0.01 ) and back muscle strength ( r = 0.488 , p < 0.0001 ) were significantly associated with sf - 36 pcs [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.403 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
1 multiple 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 indicated
4 indicated 8 rom
5 that 6 thoracic
6 thoracic 8 rom
7 spinal 8 rom
8 rom 11 =
8 rom 15 <
9 ( 11 =
10 r 11 =
11 = 12 0.254
11 = 13 ,
13 , 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.01
15 < 17 )
18 and 21 strength
18 and 33 associated
19 back 20 muscle
20 muscle 21 strength
21 strength 24 =
21 strength 28 <
21 strength 31 were
22 ( 24 =
23 r 24 =
24 = 25 0.488
24 = 26 ,
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.0001
28 < 30 )
31 were 32 significantly
31 were 33 associated
33 associated 34 with
34 with 35 sf
35 sf 38 pcs
36 - 38 pcs
37 36 38 pcs
38 pcs 44 )(=
38 pcs 47 .
40 r 44 )(=
41 ( 44 )(=
42 2 44 )(=
44 )(= 45 0.403
44 )(= 46 )

in conclusion , qol of the middle - aged and elderly male subjects [was] related to sagittal balance , lumbar lordosis angle , spinal rom , and back muscle strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 4 qol
3 , 27 and
4 qol 5 of
5 of 7 middle
6 the 7 middle
7 middle 13 subjects
8 - 13 subjects
9 aged 10 and
10 and 11 elderly
10 and 13 subjects
12 male 13 subjects
13 subjects 15 related
13 subjects 21 lordosis
13 subjects 22 angle
13 subjects 25 rom
13 subjects 26 ,
15 related 16 to
15 related 19 ,
15 related 20 lumbar
16 to 18 balance
17 sagittal 18 balance
21 lordosis 22 angle
23 , 25 rom
24 spinal 25 rom
25 rom 26 ,
27 and 28 back
27 and 29 muscle
29 muscle 30 strength

exercise including muscle strength and spinal rom may be able to influence these primary factors related to qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 exercise 2 including
1 exercise 5 and
2 including 4 strength
3 muscle 4 strength
5 and 6 spinal
5 and 7 rom
5 and 12 influence
7 rom 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 able
10 able 11 to
10 able 12 influence
11 to 12 influence
12 influence 15 factors
12 influence 17 to
13 these 15 factors
14 primary 15 factors
15 factors 16 related
17 to 18 qol

back muscle strength and thoracic rom impact on improvement of qol in the middle - aged and the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 back 3 strength
2 muscle 3 strength
3 strength 4 and
4 and 7 impact
4 and 15 -
4 and 16 aged
4 and 17 and
5 thoracic 7 impact
6 rom 7 impact
7 impact 8 on
7 impact 10 of
8 on 9 improvement
10 of 11 qol
11 qol 12 in
12 in 14 middle
13 the 14 middle
17 and 19 elderly
18 the 19 elderly

excessive or misplaced tissue iron now is recognized to pose a substantial health risk for an extensive array [of] endocrinological , gastrointestinal , infectious , neoplasmic , neurodegenerative , obstetric , ophthalmic , orthopedic , pulmonary and vascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 excessive 2 or
2 or 4 tissue
2 or 5 iron
2 or 7 is
2 or 8 recognized
3 misplaced 4 tissue
5 iron 7 is
6 now 7 is
8 recognized 9 to
8 recognized 15 for
8 recognized 39 diseases
9 to 10 pose
10 pose 14 risk
11 a 14 risk
12 substantial 14 risk
13 health 14 risk
15 for 18 array
16 an 17 extensive
16 an 18 array
17 extensive 18 array
20 endocrinological 21 ,
21 , 22 gastrointestinal
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 infectious
23 , 25 ,
25 , 26 neoplasmic
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 neurodegenerative
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 obstetric
29 , 31 ,
31 , 32 ophthalmic
31 , 33 ,
33 , 34 orthopedic
33 , 35 ,
35 , 36 pulmonary
35 , 37 and
37 and 38 vascular
37 and 39 diseases

ingested , injected , inhaled and decompartmentalized iron contributes [not] only to disease , but also to aging and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ingested 2 ,
1 ingested 4 ,
3 injected 4 ,
4 , 5 inhaled
6 and 8 iron
6 and 9 contributes
7 decompartmentalized 8 iron
8 iron 9 contributes
9 contributes 11 only
11 only 15 but
12 to 13 disease
12 to 15 but
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 also
15 but 17 to
17 to 19 and
18 aging 19 and
19 and 20 mortality

iron is dangerous by catalyzing free radical formation and by serving as an essential nutrient for microbial and neoplasmic cell invaders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 iron
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 iron 2 is
2 is 3 dangerous
3 dangerous 9 and
3 dangerous 12 as
4 by 5 catalyzing
4 by 9 and
5 catalyzing 8 formation
6 free 8 formation
7 radical 8 formation
9 and 10 by
10 by 11 serving
12 as 15 nutrient
13 an 14 essential
13 an 15 nutrient
14 essential 15 nutrient
15 nutrient 16 for
16 for 21 invaders
17 microbial 18 and
18 and 19 neoplasmic
18 and 20 cell
20 cell 21 invaders

our body cells exhibit wide variation in sensitivity to iron toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 our 3 cells
2 body 3 cells
3 cells 4 exhibit
4 exhibit 6 variation
4 exhibit 7 in
5 wide 6 variation
7 in 8 sensitivity
8 sensitivity 9 to
8 sensitivity 10 iron
9 to 10 iron
10 iron 11 toxicity

efficacy of our iron withholding defense system is modulated by numerous environmental , behavioral and genetic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 efficacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 efficacy 2 of
1 efficacy 8 is
2 of 7 system
3 our 7 system
4 iron 7 system
5 withholding 7 system
6 defense 7 system
8 is 9 modulated
9 modulated 10 by
10 by 17 factors
11 numerous 17 factors
12 environmental 13 ,
13 , 14 behavioral
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 genetic
15 and 17 factors

a notable variety of methods for prevention and therapy of iron toxicity are now becoming available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 notable
1 a 3 variety
2 notable 3 variety
3 variety 4 of
3 variety 8 and
4 of 5 methods
5 methods 6 for
6 for 7 prevention
8 and 9 therapy
8 and 10 of
8 and 13 are
10 of 12 toxicity
11 iron 12 toxicity
13 are 14 now
13 are 15 becoming
15 becoming 16 available

background : as microbial agents have been associated with late adverse effects related to fillers antibiotic treatment has been envisaged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 treatment
2 : 20 envisaged
2 : 21 .
3 as 5 agents
3 as 8 associated
3 as 17 treatment
4 microbial 5 agents
5 agents 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 effects
10 late 12 effects
11 adverse 12 effects
12 effects 13 related
13 related 14 to
14 to 15 fillers
16 antibiotic 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 has
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 envisaged

objective : to determine whether biomaterials favor bacterial growth [and/or] [attract] bacteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 13 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
5 whether 6 biomaterials
5 whether 7 favor
6 biomaterials 7 favor
7 favor 12 bacteria
8 bacterial 9 growth
9 growth 12 bacteria

methods : hyaluronic acid , semi - permanent fillers , such as calcium hydroxylapatite , and permanent fillers , such as polyalkylimide/polyacrylamide , were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 acid
3 hyaluronic 4 acid
4 acid 9 fillers
5 , 9 fillers
6 semi 7 -
6 semi 9 fillers
8 permanent 9 fillers
9 fillers 12 as
9 fillers 15 ,
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 hydroxylapatite
12 as 15 ,
13 calcium 14 hydroxylapatite
16 and 18 fillers
16 and 25 used
17 permanent 18 fillers
18 fillers 21 as
18 fillers 24 were
19 , 21 as
20 such 21 as
21 as 22 polyalkylimide/polyacrylamide
21 as 23 ,
24 were 25 used

experiments were performed with escherichia coli , strain hvh - u47 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 experiments 7 ,
2 were 3 performed
2 were 7 ,
3 performed 4 with
4 with 6 coli
5 escherichia 6 coli
7 , 8 strain
8 strain 9 hvh
10 - 11 u47
10 - 12 .

bacteria were transferred to sven - gard agar to test mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bacteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 transferred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 bacteria 2 were
2 were 3 transferred
3 transferred 4 to
4 to 5 sven
6 - 8 agar
7 gard 8 agar
8 agar 9 to
9 to 11 mobility
10 test 11 mobility

striae of this bacterial strain with a macfarland 1 turbulence pattern were seeded from a spot of inoculated biomaterial using müller - hinton medium . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 striae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 seeded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 striae 2 of
1 striae 6 with
1 striae 13 seeded
2 of 5 strain
3 this 4 bacterial
4 bacterial 5 strain
6 with 8 macfarland
7 a 8 macfarland
8 macfarland 11 pattern
8 macfarland 12 were
9 1 11 pattern
10 turbulence 11 pattern
11 pattern 12 were
13 seeded 14 from
13 seeded 21 müller
14 from 16 spot
15 a 16 spot
16 spot 17 of
17 of 20 using
18 inoculated 20 using
19 biomaterial 20 using
22 - 24 medium
22 - 25 .
23 hinton 24 medium

the chemoattractive properties of the biomaterials were analyzed 10 days after inoculation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 properties
2 chemoattractive 3 properties
3 properties 4 of
3 properties 7 were
4 of 6 biomaterials
5 the 6 biomaterials
7 were 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 11 after
9 10 10 days
10 days 11 after
11 after 12 inoculation

bacterial growth over the biomaterial and in [-] depth growth were assessed as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 bacterial 2 growth
2 growth 6 and
2 growth 11 were
3 over 5 biomaterial
3 over 6 and
4 the 5 biomaterial
6 and 7 in
7 in 10 growth
9 depth 10 growth
11 were 12 assessed
12 assessed 13 as
13 as 14 well

results : semi - permanent fillers did not stimulate bacterial growth but they allowed bacterial colonization over the filler . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 fillers
2 : 9 stimulate
2 : 12 but
2 : 20 .
3 semi 4 -
3 semi 6 fillers
5 permanent 6 fillers
6 fillers 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 stimulate
9 stimulate 11 growth
10 bacterial 11 growth
12 but 13 they
12 but 14 allowed
13 they 14 allowed
14 allowed 16 colonization
14 allowed 17 over
15 bacterial 16 colonization
17 over 19 filler
18 the 19 filler

permanent acrylic compounds neither presented chemoattractant properties nor showed bacterial growth over the biomaterial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 permanent 2 acrylic
2 acrylic 3 compounds
3 compounds 8 nor
4 neither 8 nor
5 presented 7 properties
5 presented 8 nor
6 chemoattractant 7 properties
8 nor 9 showed
9 showed 11 growth
9 showed 12 over
10 bacterial 11 growth
12 over 14 biomaterial
13 the 14 biomaterial

similar results were obtained when performing in [-] depth cultures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 similar 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 when
5 when 6 performing
6 performing 7 in
7 in 10 cultures
9 depth 10 cultures

conclusions : permanent and semi - permanent fillers did not facilitate bacterial growth when flagellated [e] . coli hvh - u47 was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 and
2 : 11 facilitate
3 permanent 4 and
4 and 8 fillers
4 and 9 did
5 semi 6 -
5 semi 8 fillers
7 permanent 8 fillers
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 facilitate
11 facilitate 13 growth
11 facilitate 14 when
12 bacterial 13 growth
14 when 15 flagellated
17 . 19 hvh
17 . 20 -
18 coli 19 hvh
20 - 21 u47
20 - 23 used
20 - 24 .
21 u47 22 was
22 was 23 used

our results do not argue in favor of antibiotics as the mainstay of therapy in late granulomas related to permanent fillers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 do
3 do 4 not
3 do 5 argue
5 argue 6 in
5 argue 10 as
6 in 7 favor
7 favor 8 of
8 of 9 antibiotics
10 as 12 mainstay
11 the 12 mainstay
12 mainstay 13 of
13 of 14 therapy
14 therapy 15 in
15 in 17 granulomas
16 late 17 granulomas
17 granulomas 18 related
18 related 19 to
19 to 21 fillers
20 permanent 21 fillers

in the case of resorbable/semi - permanent fillers , more studies are needed before recommending antibiotic therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 case
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 studies
2 the 3 case
3 case 4 of
4 of 5 resorbable/semi
5 resorbable/semi 8 fillers
6 - 8 fillers
7 permanent 8 fillers
8 fillers 9 ,
10 more 11 studies
11 studies 12 are
12 are 13 needed
13 needed 14 before
14 before 15 recommending
15 recommending 17 therapy
16 antibiotic 17 therapy

breast cancer is the most prevalent women 's cancer , with an age [-] adjusted incidence of 122.9 [per] 100,000 us women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 breast 2 cancer
2 cancer 3 is
3 is 9 cancer
4 the 7 women
5 most 6 prevalent
6 prevalent 7 women
7 women 8 's
8 's 9 cancer
9 cancer 11 with
10 , 11 with
11 with 16 incidence
11 with 22 women
11 with 23 .
12 an 13 age
12 an 16 incidence
13 age 15 adjusted
15 adjusted 16 incidence
16 incidence 17 of
17 of 18 122.9
20 100,000 22 women
21 us 22 women

cadmium , a ubiquitous carcinogenic pollutant with multiple biological effects , has been reported to be associated with breast cancer in one us regional case - control study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cadmium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 cadmium 6 pollutant
1 cadmium 12 has
2 , 6 pollutant
3 a 6 pollutant
4 ubiquitous 6 pollutant
5 carcinogenic 6 pollutant
6 pollutant 7 with
6 pollutant 11 ,
7 with 10 effects
8 multiple 10 effects
9 biological 10 effects
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 reported
14 reported 15 to
14 reported 17 associated
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 21 in
18 with 20 cancer
19 breast 20 cancer
21 in 25 case
22 one 25 case
23 us 25 case
24 regional 25 case
26 - 27 control
26 - 29 .
27 control 28 study

we examined the association of breast cancer with urinary cadmium ( ucd ) , in a case - control sample of women living on long island ( li [ )(, ny [(] 100 [with] breast cancer [and] 98 without [ )( a region with an especially high rate of breast cancer [(] 142.7 [per] [100,000] in suffolk county [ )(and in a representative sample of us women ( nhanes 1999 - 2008 , 92 with breast cancer [and] 2,884 [without] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
2 examined 8 with
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 7 cancer
6 breast 7 cancer
8 with 10 cadmium
8 with 20 sample
9 urinary 10 cadmium
10 cadmium 12 ucd
10 cadmium 15 in
11 ( 12 ucd
12 ucd 13 )
14 , 15 in
15 in 17 case
15 in 18 -
16 a 17 case
19 control 20 sample
20 sample 21 of
20 sample 23 living
21 of 22 women
23 living 24 on
24 on 36 cancer
25 long 26 island
26 island 28 li
26 island 36 cancer
27 ( 28 li
28 li 30 )(,
31 ny 36 cancer
33 100 35 breast
35 breast 36 cancer
36 cancer 38 98
36 cancer 39 without
36 cancer 44 with
39 without 43 region
42 a 43 region
44 with 48 rate
45 an 46 especially
45 an 48 rate
46 especially 47 high
47 high 48 rate
48 rate 49 of
49 of 51 cancer
50 breast 51 cancer
51 cancer 53 142.7
51 cancer 60 )(and
56 in 58 county
56 in 60 )(and
57 suffolk 58 county
60 )(and 61 in
61 in 64 sample
62 a 64 sample
63 representative 64 sample
64 sample 65 of
65 of 67 women
66 us 67 women
67 women 69 nhanes
67 women 72 2008
68 ( 69 nhanes
69 nhanes 70 1999
69 nhanes 71 -
71 - 72 2008
72 2008 74 92
72 2008 82 .
73 , 74 92
74 92 75 with
74 92 81 )
75 with 77 cancer
76 breast 77 cancer
77 cancer 79 2,884

in a multivariable logistic model , both samples showed a significant trend for increased odds of breast cancer across increasing ucd quartiles ( nhanes , p=0.039 and li , p=0.023 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 5 model
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 samples
2 a 5 model
3 multivariable 4 logistic
4 logistic 5 model
7 both 8 samples
8 samples 9 showed
9 showed 12 trend
9 showed 26 p=0.039
9 showed 27 and
10 a 12 trend
11 significant 12 trend
12 trend 13 for
12 trend 16 of
13 for 15 odds
14 increased 15 odds
16 of 18 cancer
17 breast 18 cancer
18 cancer 19 across
19 across 22 quartiles
20 increasing 22 quartiles
21 ucd 22 quartiles
22 quartiles 24 nhanes
23 ( 24 nhanes
24 nhanes 25 ,
27 and 28 li
28 li 30 p=0.023
29 , 30 p=0.023
30 p=0.023 31 )

compared to those in the lowest quartile , li women in the highest quartile had increased risk for breast cancer ( or=2.69 ; 95 % ci=1.07 , 6.78 ) and us women in the two highest quartiles had increased risk ( or=2.50 [;] 95 % ci=1.11 , 5.63 and [or=2.22] [;] 95 % ci=.89 , 5.52 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 li
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 4 in
1 compared 8 ,
1 compared 9 li
2 to 3 those
4 in 7 quartile
5 the 6 lowest
5 the 7 quartile
9 li 10 women
9 li 14 quartile
9 li 15 had
10 women 11 in
10 women 14 quartile
11 in 13 highest
12 the 13 highest
15 had 17 risk
16 increased 17 risk
17 risk 18 for
17 risk 22 or=2.69
18 for 20 cancer
19 breast 20 cancer
21 ( 22 or=2.69
22 or=2.69 23 ;
23 ; 32 women
23 ; 39 increased
24 95 32 women
25 % 32 women
26 ci=1.07 28 6.78
26 ci=1.07 30 and
27 , 28 6.78
28 6.78 29 )
30 and 31 us
30 and 32 women
32 women 33 in
32 women 38 had
33 in 37 quartiles
34 the 35 two
35 two 36 highest
35 two 37 quartiles
38 had 39 increased
39 increased 40 risk
39 increased 58 respectively
40 risk 46 ci=1.11
41 ( 46 ci=1.11
42 or=2.50 44 95
42 or=2.50 46 ci=1.11
45 % 46 ci=1.11
46 ci=1.11 54 ci=.89
46 ci=1.11 57 ,
47 , 54 ci=.89
48 5.63 49 and
49 and 52 95
49 and 54 ci=.89
53 % 54 ci=.89
54 ci=.89 56 5.52
54 ci=.89 57 ,
55 , 56 5.52
56 5.52 57 ,
57 , 58 respectively
58 respectively 59 )

further research is warranted on the impact of environmental cadmium on breast cancer risk in specific populations and on identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 on
4 warranted 11 on
5 on 7 impact
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
8 of 10 cadmium
9 environmental 10 cadmium
11 on 14 risk
12 breast 14 risk
13 cancer 14 risk
14 risk 18 and
15 in 17 populations
15 in 18 and
16 specific 17 populations
18 and 19 on
19 on 20 identifying
20 identifying 24 mechanisms
21 the 24 mechanisms
22 underlying 24 mechanisms
23 molecular 24 mechanisms

several cohort studies have shown that vascular risk factors including hypertension , hypercholesterolaemia , diabetes mellitus , smoking , obesity and lack of physical exercise in midlife and to a lesser extent in late life , are associated with an increased risk of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 several 3 studies
2 cohort 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 11 hypertension
5 shown 18 smoking
5 shown 21 and
5 shown 38 associated
6 that 11 hypertension
7 vascular 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
9 factors 11 hypertension
10 including 11 hypertension
11 hypertension 13 hypercholesterolaemia
11 hypertension 16 mellitus
12 , 13 hypercholesterolaemia
13 hypercholesterolaemia 14 ,
14 , 16 mellitus
15 diabetes 16 mellitus
16 mellitus 17 ,
17 , 18 smoking
18 smoking 19 ,
20 obesity 21 and
21 and 22 lack
21 and 36 ,
21 and 37 are
22 lack 23 of
23 of 25 exercise
24 physical 25 exercise
25 exercise 28 and
25 exercise 33 in
26 in 27 midlife
26 in 28 and
28 and 29 to
29 to 32 extent
30 a 31 lesser
30 a 32 extent
31 lesser 32 extent
33 in 35 life
34 late 35 life
37 are 38 associated
38 associated 39 with
39 with 42 risk
40 an 42 risk
41 increased 42 risk
42 risk 43 of
43 of 44 dementia

the results from randomised controlled clinical trials on treatment of these risk factors are not conclusive for the effect on cognitive decline [and] dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 from
2 results 8 on
2 results 14 are
3 from 7 trials
4 randomised 7 trials
5 controlled 7 trials
6 clinical 7 trials
8 on 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 of
10 of 13 factors
11 these 13 factors
12 risk 13 factors
14 are 15 not
14 are 16 conclusive
16 conclusive 17 for
16 conclusive 20 on
17 for 19 effect
18 the 19 effect
20 on 24 dementia
21 cognitive 22 decline
22 decline 24 dementia

studies investigating the effect of a multi - component intervention aimed at vascular risk factors to prevent or slow down cognitive decline and dementia will hopefully give the answer as to whether such an intervention is efficacious . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 give
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 studies 2 investigating
1 studies 5 of
1 studies 23 and
2 investigating 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
5 of 18 or
6 a 7 multi
6 a 10 intervention
7 multi 8 -
7 multi 9 component
9 component 10 intervention
10 intervention 11 aimed
10 intervention 18 or
11 aimed 12 at
12 at 15 factors
13 vascular 15 factors
14 risk 15 factors
15 factors 16 to
15 factors 17 prevent
16 to 17 prevent
18 or 22 decline
19 slow 22 decline
20 down 22 decline
21 cognitive 22 decline
23 and 24 dementia
23 and 25 will
25 will 27 give
26 hopefully 27 give
27 give 29 answer
27 give 31 to
28 the 29 answer
30 as 31 to
31 to 32 whether
32 whether 35 intervention
32 whether 36 is
33 such 34 an
34 an 35 intervention
35 intervention 36 is
36 is 37 efficacious

this requires large clinical trials in an elderly population [with] long follow - up and several competing risks , making it difficult from an organisational and methodological point of view . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 this 2 requires
2 requires 5 trials
2 requires 12 follow
3 large 5 trials
4 clinical 5 trials
5 trials 6 in
6 in 9 population
7 an 8 elderly
7 an 9 population
8 elderly 9 population
11 long 12 follow
13 - 15 and
13 - 31 .
14 up 15 and
15 and 18 risks
15 and 19 ,
15 and 20 making
15 and 29 of
16 several 18 risks
17 competing 18 risks
20 making 21 it
20 making 22 difficult
22 difficult 23 from
23 from 28 point
24 an 28 point
25 organisational 26 and
26 and 27 methodological
26 and 28 point
29 of 30 view

major challenges for future studies are to select the optimal population , set the optimal treatment targets and select clinically relevant outcome parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 major 2 challenges
2 challenges 3 for
2 challenges 6 are
3 for 5 studies
4 future 5 studies
6 are 7 to
6 are 12 ,
7 to 12 ,
8 select 11 population
8 select 12 ,
9 the 11 population
10 optimal 11 population
12 , 13 set
12 , 18 and
14 the 18 and
15 optimal 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 targets
17 targets 18 and
18 and 23 parameters
19 select 22 outcome
20 clinically 21 relevant
21 relevant 22 outcome
22 outcome 23 parameters

none purpose : to assess the effect of ageing on in vivo human ciliary muscle morphology and contractility during accommodation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 none 2 purpose
1 none 5 assess
1 none 15 muscle
2 purpose 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 assess
4 to 5 assess
5 assess 7 effect
5 assess 10 on
6 the 7 effect
7 effect 8 of
8 of 9 ageing
10 on 14 ciliary
11 in 12 vivo
12 vivo 13 human
13 human 14 ciliary
15 muscle 17 and
15 muscle 19 during
16 morphology 17 and
17 and 18 contractility
19 during 20 accommodation

methods : seventy - nine subjects , aged 19 - 70 years were recruited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 subjects
3 seventy 4 -
4 - 5 nine
4 - 6 subjects
6 subjects 8 aged
7 , 8 aged
8 aged 10 -
8 aged 15 .
9 19 10 -
10 - 11 70
11 70 12 years
12 years 13 were
13 were 14 recruited

high - resolution images were acquired of nasal and temporal ciliary muscle in the relaxed state , and at stimulus vergence levels of - 4 and - 8 d , using anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( as - oct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 images
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 acquired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 high 2 -
1 high 3 resolution
3 resolution 4 images
4 images 5 were
5 were 6 acquired
6 acquired 7 of
6 acquired 18 and
6 acquired 31 using
7 of 12 muscle
8 nasal 9 and
9 and 10 temporal
9 and 12 muscle
11 ciliary 12 muscle
13 in 16 state
13 in 18 and
14 the 16 state
15 relaxed 16 state
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 at
19 at 22 levels
20 stimulus 21 vergence
21 vergence 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 29 d
24 - 26 and
25 4 26 and
26 and 28 8
26 and 29 d
27 - 28 8
30 , 31 using
31 using 36 tomography
31 using 41 )
32 anterior 33 segment
33 segment 36 tomography
34 optical 36 tomography
35 coherence 36 tomography
36 tomography 40 oct
37 ( 40 oct
38 as 40 oct
39 - 40 oct
40 oct 41 )

objective refractions and axial lengths were also recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 objective 2 refractions
2 refractions 3 and
3 and 5 lengths
3 and 6 were
4 axial 5 lengths
6 were 7 also
6 were 8 recorded

linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age on nasal and temporal ciliary muscle morphologic characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 performed
5 performed 6 to
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 9 effect
7 determine 12 on
8 the 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 11 age
12 on 14 and
13 nasal 14 and
14 and 19 characteristics
15 temporal 16 ciliary
16 ciliary 19 characteristics
17 muscle 19 characteristics
18 morphologic 19 characteristics

results : ciliary muscle anterior length decreased significantly with age both nasally ( r = 0.461 , p = 0.001 ) [and] temporally ( r = 0.619 , p < 0.001 ) in emmetropic eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 muscle
3 ciliary 4 muscle
4 muscle 6 length
4 muscle 7 decreased
5 anterior 6 length
6 length 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 significantly
7 decreased 9 with
7 decreased 12 nasally
7 decreased 15 =
7 decreased 19 =
7 decreased 23 temporally
7 decreased 26 =
7 decreased 30 <
7 decreased 33 in
9 with 10 age
9 with 11 both
13 ( 15 =
14 r 15 =
15 = 16 0.461
15 = 17 ,
17 , 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.001
19 = 21 )
24 ( 26 =
25 r 26 =
26 = 27 0.619
26 = 28 ,
28 , 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.001
30 < 32 )
33 in 35 eyes
34 emmetropic 35 eyes

during accommodation , changes to ciliary muscle thickness and length remained constant throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 during 2 accommodation
1 during 3 ,
1 during 4 changes
4 changes 5 to
4 changes 11 remained
5 to 9 and
6 ciliary 8 thickness
7 muscle 8 thickness
8 thickness 9 and
9 and 10 length
11 remained 12 constant
12 constant 13 throughout
13 throughout 14 life

conclusions : the human ciliary muscle undergoes age - dependent changes in morphology that suggest an antero - [inwards] displacement of muscle mass , particularly in emmetropic eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 6 muscle
2 : 7 undergoes
3 the 6 muscle
4 human 5 ciliary
5 ciliary 6 muscle
6 muscle 7 undergoes
7 undergoes 8 age
7 undergoes 25 particularly
8 age 11 changes
9 - 11 changes
10 dependent 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 14 that
11 changes 15 suggest
11 changes 24 ,
12 in 13 morphology
14 that 15 suggest
15 suggest 20 displacement
15 suggest 23 mass
16 an 17 antero
16 an 20 displacement
17 antero 18 -
17 antero 20 displacement
20 displacement 21 of
21 of 22 muscle
25 particularly 26 in
26 in 28 eyes
27 emmetropic 28 eyes

however , the morphologic changes observed appear not to affect the ability of the muscle to contract during accommodation , even in established presbyopes , thus supporting a lenticular model of presbyopia development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 changes
3 the 5 changes
4 morphologic 5 changes
5 changes 6 observed
5 changes 7 appear
7 appear 9 to
8 not 9 to
9 to 10 affect
10 affect 12 ability
11 the 12 ability
12 ability 13 of
12 ability 16 to
12 ability 17 contract
12 ability 27 supporting
13 of 15 muscle
14 the 15 muscle
16 to 17 contract
17 contract 18 during
18 during 19 accommodation
19 accommodation 21 even
20 , 21 even
21 even 22 in
21 even 25 ,
22 in 24 presbyopes
23 established 24 presbyopes
26 thus 27 supporting
27 supporting 30 model
28 a 29 lenticular
28 a 30 model
29 lenticular 30 model
30 model 31 of
31 of 33 development
32 presbyopia 33 development

purpose : to assess the effect of [cataract] on the evaluation of macular pigment optical density ( mpod ) in aged patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 assess
2 : 23 .
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 effect
4 assess 20 in
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 on
9 on 11 evaluation
10 the 11 evaluation
11 evaluation 12 of
12 of 16 density
13 macular 14 pigment
14 pigment 16 density
15 optical 16 density
16 density 18 mpod
17 ( 18 mpod
18 mpod 19 )
20 in 22 patients
21 aged 22 patients

methods : mpod was prospectively measured using autofluorescence spectrometry before and after cataract surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 mpod
2 : 4 was
2 : 15 .
3 mpod 4 was
4 was 5 prospectively
4 was 6 measured
6 measured 7 using
7 using 8 autofluorescence
8 autofluorescence 9 spectrometry
9 spectrometry 11 and
10 before 11 and
11 and 12 after
12 after 14 surgery
13 cataract 14 surgery

the lens opacities classification system iii was used to grade the cataracts at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 5 system
2 lens 3 opacities
3 opacities 4 classification
4 classification 5 system
5 system 6 iii
5 system 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 grade
9 to 10 grade
10 grade 12 cataracts
10 grade 13 at
11 the 12 cataracts
13 at 14 baseline

results : forty - five eyes of 41 subjects , who had no ocular disorders or fundus autofluorescence abnormalities except for age - related nuclear cataract , were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 eyes
3 forty 4 -
4 - 5 five
4 - 6 eyes
6 eyes 7 of
7 of 9 subjects
8 41 9 subjects
10 , 11 who
10 , 27 ,
11 who 27 ,
12 had 26 cataract
12 had 27 ,
13 no 26 cataract
14 ocular 15 disorders
15 disorders 16 or
16 or 19 abnormalities
16 or 23 -
16 or 24 related
16 or 26 cataract
17 fundus 18 autofluorescence
18 autofluorescence 19 abnormalities
19 abnormalities 20 except
20 except 21 for
21 for 22 age
24 related 25 nuclear
27 , 28 were
28 were 29 included

preoperative mpod was 0.350 ± 0.117 density [unit] ( du ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mpod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 preoperative 2 mpod
2 mpod 3 was
3 was 7 density
4 0.350 7 density
5 ± 7 density
6 0.117 7 density
7 density 10 du
9 ( 10 du
10 du 11 )

regression analysis showed that a higher nuclear color score correlated with lower mpod ( t = - 2.90 , p = 0.0063 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 regression 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 9 score
4 that 10 correlated
5 a 9 score
6 higher 8 color
7 nuclear 8 color
8 color 9 score
9 score 10 correlated
10 correlated 11 with
10 correlated 21 =
11 with 13 mpod
12 lower 13 mpod
13 mpod 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 t 16 =
16 = 17 -
17 - 18 2.90
17 - 21 =
19 , 21 =
20 p 21 =
21 = 22 0.0063
21 = 23 )

the preoperative mpod prediction formula [was] mpod = 0.545 - 0.069 × nuclear color score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 15 score
2 preoperative 15 score
3 mpod 15 score
4 prediction 12 ×
5 formula 12 ×
7 mpod 10 -
7 mpod 12 ×
8 = 9 0.545
9 0.545 10 -
10 - 11 0.069
12 × 15 score
13 nuclear 14 color
14 color 15 score

a higher nuclear color score correlated significantly with failure to measure the mpod ( χ ( 2 ) = 5.08 , p = 0.0242 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 5 score
2 higher 4 color
3 nuclear 4 color
4 color 5 score
5 score 6 correlated
5 score 19 =
6 correlated 7 significantly
6 correlated 8 with
8 with 9 failure
9 failure 10 to
9 failure 11 measure
10 to 11 measure
11 measure 13 mpod
12 the 13 mpod
13 mpod 15 χ
14 ( 15 χ
15 χ 17 2
15 χ 18 )
16 ( 17 2
17 2 18 )
19 = 20 5.08
20 5.08 23 =
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.0242
23 = 25 )

the mean postoperative mpod was 0.600 du ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] , 0.562 - 0.637 ) , which was significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) higher than the preoperative level of 0.350 du ( 95 % ci , 0.313 - 0.388 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mpod
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 4 mpod
2 mean 4 mpod
3 postoperative 4 mpod
4 mpod 5 was
5 was 7 du
6 0.600 7 du
7 du 11 confidence
7 du 18 -
8 ( 11 confidence
9 95 10 %
10 % 11 confidence
11 confidence 14 ci
11 confidence 16 ,
13 [ 14 ci
14 ci 15 ]
16 , 18 -
17 0.562 18 -
18 - 19 0.637
18 - 20 )
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 was
22 which 23 was
23 was 24 significantly
23 was 27 <
23 was 30 higher
23 was 31 than
23 was 44 -
25 ( 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 28 0.0001
27 < 29 )
31 than 34 level
32 the 34 level
33 preoperative 34 level
34 level 35 of
34 level 41 ci
35 of 37 du
36 0.350 37 du
38 ( 41 ci
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
41 ci 42 ,
42 , 44 -
43 0.313 44 -
44 - 45 0.388
44 - 46 )

regression analysis showed that higher preoperative mpod correlated with higher postoperative mpod ( t = 2.91 , p = 0.0061 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 regression 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 7 mpod
4 that 8 correlated
5 higher 7 mpod
6 preoperative 7 mpod
7 mpod 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 19 =
9 with 12 mpod
10 higher 12 mpod
11 postoperative 12 mpod
12 mpod 15 =
13 ( 15 =
14 t 15 =
15 = 16 2.91
15 = 17 ,
17 , 19 =
18 p 19 =
19 = 20 0.0061
19 = 21 )

conclusions : cataract , especially its nuclear component , affects mpod measured by autofluorescence spectrometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cataract
2 : 10 affects
2 : 16 .
3 cataract 8 component
3 cataract 10 affects
4 , 5 especially
4 , 8 component
6 its 8 component
7 nuclear 8 component
8 component 9 ,
10 affects 11 mpod
11 mpod 12 measured
12 measured 13 by
12 measured 15 spectrometry
13 by 14 autofluorescence

care should be taken when using this method in eyes with age - related macular maculopathy and age - related macular degeneration and in older patients who may develop these diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 care
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 care 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 taken
4 taken 5 when
4 taken 9 in
5 when 6 using
6 using 8 method
7 this 8 method
9 in 10 eyes
10 eyes 23 and
11 with 22 degeneration
11 with 23 and
12 age 22 degeneration
13 - 14 related
14 related 17 and
14 related 19 -
14 related 20 related
15 macular 16 maculopathy
16 maculopathy 17 and
17 and 18 age
20 related 22 degeneration
21 macular 22 degeneration
23 and 24 in
24 in 26 patients
25 older 26 patients
26 patients 27 who
26 patients 28 may
27 who 28 may
28 may 29 develop
29 develop 31 diseases
30 these 31 diseases

[none] none objectives : older adults tend to exhibit the correspondence bias to a greater extent than young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
2 none 3 objectives
4 : 6 adults
4 : 7 tend
4 : 20 .
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 tend
7 tend 8 to
7 tend 9 exhibit
8 to 9 exhibit
9 exhibit 12 bias
9 exhibit 13 to
9 exhibit 17 than
10 the 12 bias
11 correspondence 12 bias
13 to 16 extent
14 a 16 extent
15 greater 16 extent
17 than 19 adults
18 young 19 adults

the current study examined whether these age differences are a function of the degree to which an individual subscribes to a lay theory of attitude - behavior consistency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 5 whether
5 whether 8 differences
5 whether 9 are
6 these 8 differences
7 age 8 differences
8 differences 9 are
9 are 11 function
10 a 11 function
11 function 12 of
12 of 14 degree
13 the 14 degree
14 degree 15 to
15 to 16 which
15 to 18 individual
15 to 19 subscribes
17 an 18 individual
18 individual 19 subscribes
19 subscribes 20 to
20 to 23 theory
21 a 23 theory
22 lay 23 theory
23 theory 24 of
24 of 25 attitude
26 - 28 consistency
27 behavior 28 consistency

methods : first , participants responded to questions regarding their beliefs about attitude - behavior consistency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 first
4 , 5 participants
4 , 6 responded
4 , 14 -
5 participants 6 responded
6 responded 7 to
6 responded 12 about
7 to 8 questions
8 questions 9 regarding
9 regarding 11 beliefs
10 their 11 beliefs
12 about 13 attitude
14 - 16 consistency
15 behavior 16 consistency

approximately 2 weeks later , 144 ( 67 young adults and 77 older adults ) [participants] completed the correspondence bias task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 weeks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 approximately 2 2
2 2 3 weeks
3 weeks 6 144
3 weeks 17 completed
3 weeks 21 task
4 later 5 ,
4 later 6 144
6 144 11 and
6 144 17 completed
7 ( 11 and
8 67 10 adults
9 young 10 adults
10 adults 11 and
11 and 14 adults
11 and 15 )
12 77 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
17 completed 20 bias
18 the 20 bias
19 correspondence 20 bias

results : as expected , older adults were more biased than young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 adults
2 : 10 biased
2 : 14 .
3 as 4 expected
3 as 5 ,
3 as 7 adults
4 expected 5 ,
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 8 were
8 were 9 more
8 were 10 biased
10 biased 11 than
11 than 13 adults
12 young 13 adults

analyses revealed that the degree to which an individual holds attitude - behavior consistency beliefs in the dishonesty domain accounted for age - related differences in the correspondence bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 analyses 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
3 that 5 degree
3 that 24 related
4 the 5 degree
5 degree 6 to
5 degree 24 related
6 to 7 which
6 to 9 individual
6 to 10 holds
8 an 9 individual
9 individual 10 holds
10 holds 11 attitude
11 attitude 14 consistency
12 - 14 consistency
13 behavior 14 consistency
14 consistency 15 beliefs
14 consistency 22 age
14 consistency 23 -
15 beliefs 16 in
15 beliefs 22 age
16 in 19 domain
17 the 19 domain
18 dishonesty 19 domain
19 domain 21 for
20 accounted 21 for
24 related 25 differences
24 related 26 in
26 in 29 bias
27 the 29 bias
28 correspondence 29 bias

discussion : the results of this study suggest that age differences in the correspondence bias task are in part driven by older adults holding stronger attitude - behavior consistency beliefs than young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 8 suggest
2 : 27 -
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 suggest
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 suggest 10 age
8 suggest 21 by
9 that 10 age
10 age 11 differences
10 age 17 are
10 age 20 driven
11 differences 12 in
11 differences 17 are
12 in 16 task
13 the 16 task
14 correspondence 16 task
15 bias 16 task
17 are 19 part
18 in 19 part
21 by 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
23 adults 24 holding
24 holding 26 attitude
25 stronger 26 attitude
27 - 33 adults
27 - 34 .
28 behavior 33 adults
29 consistency 33 adults
30 beliefs 33 adults
31 than 32 young
32 young 33 adults

in 129 community - dwelling older adults , [feedback] regarding qualification for an insurance discount ( based on a visual speed of processing test [;] useful field of view [ )(was examined as a prospective predictor of change in self - reported driving ability , driving avoidance , and driving exposure over 3 months , along with physical , visual , health , and cognitive variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 community
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 in 3 community
2 129 3 community
4 - 7 adults
4 - 15 discount
5 dwelling 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
7 adults 10 regarding
7 adults 15 discount
8 , 10 regarding
10 regarding 11 qualification
10 regarding 12 for
12 for 14 insurance
13 an 14 insurance
15 discount 17 based
15 discount 24 test
16 ( 17 based
17 based 18 on
18 on 21 speed
19 a 20 visual
19 a 21 speed
20 visual 21 speed
21 speed 22 of
22 of 23 processing
24 test 27 field
24 test 31 )(was
24 test 32 examined
24 test 33 as
26 useful 27 field
27 field 28 of
27 field 31 )(was
28 of 29 view
33 as 36 predictor
34 a 35 prospective
34 a 36 predictor
35 prospective 36 predictor
36 predictor 37 of
36 predictor 39 in
37 of 38 change
39 in 49 and
40 self 47 avoidance
41 - 42 reported
42 reported 44 ability
42 reported 45 ,
42 reported 46 driving
43 driving 44 ability
46 driving 47 avoidance
47 avoidance 49 and
48 , 49 and
49 and 51 exposure
49 and 57 with
50 driving 51 exposure
51 exposure 52 over
52 over 54 months
53 3 54 months
55 , 57 with
56 along 57 with
57 with 64 and
57 with 67 .
58 physical 59 ,
59 , 60 visual
59 , 61 ,
61 , 62 health
61 , 64 and
63 , 64 and
64 and 66 variables
65 cognitive 66 variables

female gender ( [p] = [.] 03 ) was a significant predictor of subsequent lower self [-] rated driving ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 female 2 gender
2 gender 7 03
2 gender 9 was
3 ( 7 03
5 = 7 03
7 03 8 )
9 was 12 predictor
10 a 11 significant
10 a 12 predictor
11 significant 12 predictor
12 predictor 13 of
13 of 20 ability
14 subsequent 16 self
15 lower 16 self
16 self 18 rated
18 rated 20 ability
19 driving 20 ability

overall , the findings of this study provide support for the role of feedback in the self - monitoring of older adults ' driving behavior through avoidance of challenging driving situations but not through driving exposure or self - rated driving ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 findings
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 of
4 findings 8 provide
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 provide 9 support
8 provide 10 for
8 provide 15 in
10 for 12 role
11 the 12 role
12 role 13 of
13 of 14 feedback
15 in 17 self
16 the 17 self
18 - 37 or
19 monitoring 20 of
19 monitoring 32 but
20 of 24 driving
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 '
23 ' 24 driving
24 driving 25 behavior
24 driving 26 through
26 through 27 avoidance
27 avoidance 28 of
28 of 29 challenging
29 challenging 31 situations
30 driving 31 situations
32 but 33 not
32 but 34 through
32 but 36 exposure
35 driving 36 exposure
36 exposure 37 or
37 or 38 self
37 or 39 -
37 or 40 rated
37 or 41 driving
41 driving 42 ability

evidence suggests that there are aging [-] related changes in corticospinal stimulus - response curve characteristics in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
1 evidence 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
2 suggests 5 are
3 that 4 there
5 are 9 changes
5 are 10 in
6 aging 9 changes
8 related 9 changes
10 in 12 stimulus
11 corticospinal 12 stimulus
12 stimulus 16 characteristics
13 - 16 characteristics
14 response 16 characteristics
15 curve 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 in
16 characteristics 20 .
17 in 19 life
18 later 19 life

however , there is also limited evidence that these changes may only be evident in postmenopausal women and not in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 5 also
4 is 7 evidence
6 limited 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 that
8 that 10 changes
8 that 13 be
9 these 10 changes
10 changes 11 may
11 may 13 be
12 only 13 be
13 be 14 evident
14 evident 18 and
15 in 17 women
15 in 18 and
16 postmenopausal 17 women
18 and 19 not
18 and 20 in
20 in 21 men

this study compared corticospinal stimulus - response curves from a group of young men [ 19.8 ± 1.6 [yr] ( range 17 - 23 yr ) ] and a group of old men [ n = 18 , aged 64.1 ± 5.0 [yr] ( range 55 - 73 yr ) ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 compared
3 compared 5 stimulus
4 corticospinal 5 stimulus
5 stimulus 8 curves
6 - 8 curves
7 response 8 curves
8 curves 9 from
8 curves 27 ]
9 from 11 group
10 a 11 group
11 group 12 of
12 of 14 men
13 young 14 men
14 men 17 ±
15 [ 17 ±
16 19.8 17 ±
17 ± 18 1.6
17 ± 21 range
17 ± 27 ]
20 ( 21 range
21 range 22 17
21 range 25 yr
21 range 27 ]
23 - 25 yr
24 23 25 yr
25 yr 26 )
28 and 33 men
28 and 39 aged
29 a 30 group
30 group 31 of
30 group 33 men
31 of 33 men
32 old 33 men
33 men 36 =
33 men 39 aged
34 [ 36 =
35 n 36 =
36 = 37 18
36 = 38 ,
39 aged 41 ±
40 64.1 41 ±
41 ± 42 5.0
41 ± 45 range
44 ( 45 range
45 range 46 55
45 range 49 yr
45 range 51 ]
47 - 49 yr
48 73 49 yr
49 yr 50 )

transcranial magnetic stimulation [(] tms [ )(over the contralateral motor cortex was used to evoke motor potentials at a range of stimulus intensities in the first dorsal interosseous muscle of each hand separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 tms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 transcranial 5 tms
2 magnetic 3 stimulation
3 stimulation 5 tms
5 tms 7 )(over
5 tms 12 was
7 )(over 11 cortex
8 the 11 cortex
9 contralateral 10 motor
10 motor 11 cortex
12 was 13 used
13 used 14 to
13 used 15 evoke
14 to 15 evoke
15 evoke 17 potentials
15 evoke 18 at
15 evoke 24 in
15 evoke 33 separately
16 motor 17 potentials
18 at 20 range
19 a 20 range
20 range 21 of
21 of 23 intensities
22 stimulus 23 intensities
24 in 29 muscle
25 the 26 first
25 the 29 muscle
27 dorsal 29 muscle
28 interosseous 29 muscle
29 muscle 30 of
30 of 32 hand
31 each 32 hand

there was no effect of age group or hemisphere ( i.e [.] , left [vs] . right motor cortex [ )( motor evoked potential ( mep ) amplitude or any other stimulus - response characteristic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 effect
3 no 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 8 or
6 age 7 group
7 group 8 or
8 or 9 hemisphere
8 or 11 i.e
10 ( 11 i.e
11 i.e 13 ,
13 , 14 left
16 . 17 right
16 . 18 motor
16 . 33 -
16 . 36 .
17 right 18 motor
18 motor 29 or
19 cortex 23 evoked
22 motor 23 evoked
23 evoked 28 amplitude
24 potential 26 mep
24 potential 27 )
24 potential 28 amplitude
25 ( 26 mep
26 mep 27 )
28 amplitude 29 or
29 or 32 stimulus
30 any 31 other
31 other 32 stimulus
33 - 35 characteristic
34 response 35 characteristic

mep variability was strongly modulated by resting [motor] [threshold] but not by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 mep 2 variability
2 variability 3 was
3 was 4 strongly
3 was 5 modulated
5 modulated 10 but
6 by 7 resting
6 by 10 but
10 but 11 not
10 but 12 by
12 by 13 age

m - wave ( but not f - wave [ )(amplitude was reduced in old men , but expressing mep amplitude as a ratio of m - wave amplitude did not reveal any age - related differences in cortically evoked stimulus - response characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 m
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 but
1 m 2 -
2 - 3 wave
4 ( 5 but
5 but 6 not
5 but 7 f
5 but 8 -
7 f 8 -
8 - 11 )(amplitude
9 wave 11 )(amplitude
11 )(amplitude 12 was
12 was 13 reduced
13 reduced 14 in
13 reduced 18 but
13 reduced 35 -
14 in 16 men
15 old 16 men
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 expressing
18 but 27 -
19 expressing 21 amplitude
20 mep 21 amplitude
21 amplitude 22 as
21 amplitude 25 of
22 as 24 ratio
23 a 24 ratio
25 of 26 m
27 - 35 -
28 wave 29 amplitude
29 amplitude 30 did
30 did 31 not
30 did 32 reveal
32 reveal 34 age
32 reveal 35 -
33 any 34 age
34 age 35 -
35 - 37 differences
35 - 45 .
36 related 37 differences
37 differences 38 in
38 in 41 stimulus
39 cortically 40 evoked
40 evoked 41 stimulus
41 stimulus 44 characteristics
42 - 44 characteristics
43 response 44 characteristics
44 characteristics 45 .

we conclude that male corticospinal stimulus - response characteristics are not altered by advancing age and that previously reported age - related changes in motor cortical excitability assessed with tms are likely due to changes inherent in the female participants only . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 16 and
2 conclude 6 stimulus
2 conclude 13 by
2 conclude 16 and
3 that 4 male
4 male 6 stimulus
5 corticospinal 6 stimulus
6 stimulus 12 altered
7 - 12 altered
8 response 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 are
10 are 11 not
11 not 12 altered
13 by 14 advancing
14 advancing 15 age
16 and 19 reported
16 and 20 age
17 that 18 previously
18 previously 19 reported
21 - 23 changes
21 - 31 are
22 related 23 changes
23 changes 24 in
23 changes 31 are
24 in 27 excitability
25 motor 27 excitability
26 cortical 27 excitability
27 excitability 28 assessed
28 assessed 29 with
29 with 30 tms
31 are 32 likely
32 likely 34 to
33 due 34 to
34 to 35 changes
35 changes 36 inherent
36 inherent 37 in
36 inherent 41 only
37 in 40 participants
38 the 40 participants
39 female 40 participants

future studies are warranted to fully elucidate the relationship [between] , and functional significance [of] , changes in circulating neuroactive sex hormones and motor function in later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 to
5 to 7 elucidate
6 fully 7 elucidate
7 elucidate 9 relationship
8 the 9 relationship
11 , 12 and
12 and 23 and
12 and 25 function
13 functional 14 significance
14 significance 16 ,
16 , 17 changes
16 , 23 and
17 changes 18 in
18 in 19 circulating
19 circulating 22 hormones
20 neuroactive 21 sex
21 sex 22 hormones
23 and 24 motor
23 and 25 function
25 function 26 in
26 in 28 life
27 later 28 life

the mechanical properties of the aorta [affect] cardiac function [and] are related to cardiovascular morbidity/mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 properties
2 mechanical 3 properties
3 properties 4 of
3 properties 11 are
4 of 9 function
5 the 9 function
6 aorta 9 function
8 cardiac 9 function
11 are 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 15 morbidity/mortality
14 cardiovascular 15 morbidity/mortality

this study was designed to evaluate the isotropic ( mainly elastin , elastin ( [iso] [ )( )(and anisotropic ( mainly collagen , collagen ( ani ) ) material parameters within the human aorta in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 designed
4 designed 5 to
4 designed 6 evaluate
5 to 6 evaluate
6 evaluate 18 )(and
6 evaluate 31 within
6 evaluate 36 vivo
7 the 18 )(and
8 isotropic 11 elastin
8 isotropic 12 ,
8 isotropic 13 elastin
9 ( 10 mainly
9 ( 11 elastin
11 elastin 12 ,
13 elastin 18 )(and
14 ( 18 )(and
18 )(and 30 parameters
19 anisotropic 22 collagen
19 anisotropic 23 ,
19 anisotropic 29 material
20 ( 21 mainly
20 ( 22 collagen
22 collagen 23 ,
24 collagen 26 ani
24 collagen 28 )
24 collagen 29 material
25 ( 26 ani
26 ani 27 )
29 material 30 parameters
31 within 34 aorta
32 the 34 aorta
33 human 34 aorta
35 in 36 vivo

thirty healthy men and women in three different age categories ( 23 - 30 , 41 - 54 , and 67 - 72 yr ) were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 thirty 3 men
2 healthy 3 men
3 men 4 and
4 and 5 women
4 and 6 in
6 in 10 categories
7 three 10 categories
8 different 9 age
9 age 10 categories
10 categories 13 -
10 categories 17 -
11 ( 13 -
12 23 13 -
13 - 14 30
13 - 15 ,
15 , 17 -
16 41 17 -
17 - 18 54
17 - 19 ,
20 and 21 67
20 and 27 included
21 67 24 yr
21 67 26 were
22 - 24 yr
23 72 24 yr
24 yr 25 )
26 were 27 included

a novel mechanical model was used to identify the mechanical properties and the strain field with aid of simultaneously recorded pressure and radius in the abdominal aorta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 novel
1 a 4 model
2 novel 4 model
3 mechanical 4 model
4 model 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 12 and
8 identify 16 with
9 the 12 and
10 mechanical 11 properties
11 properties 12 and
12 and 15 field
13 the 15 field
14 strain 15 field
16 with 17 aid
17 aid 18 of
17 aid 24 in
18 of 22 and
19 simultaneously 20 recorded
20 recorded 21 pressure
21 pressure 22 and
22 and 23 radius
24 in 27 aorta
25 the 27 aorta
26 abdominal 27 aorta

the magnitudes of the material parameters relating to both the stiffness of elastin ( iso ) and collagen ( ani ) were in agreement [with] earlier in vitro [studies] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 magnitudes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 magnitudes
2 magnitudes 3 of
2 magnitudes 7 relating
2 magnitudes 22 were
3 of 6 parameters
4 the 6 parameters
5 material 6 parameters
7 relating 8 to
8 to 17 and
9 both 17 and
10 the 11 stiffness
11 stiffness 12 of
11 stiffness 17 and
12 of 13 elastin
13 elastin 15 iso
14 ( 15 iso
15 iso 16 )
17 and 18 collagen
17 and 20 ani
19 ( 20 ani
20 ani 21 )
22 were 23 in
22 were 26 earlier
22 were 28 vitro
23 in 24 agreement
27 in 28 vitro

the load [-] bearing fraction attributed to collagen ( ani ) oscillated from 10 to 30 % between diastolic and systolic pressures during the cardiac cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fraction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 oscillated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 5 fraction
2 load 4 bearing
4 bearing 5 fraction
5 fraction 6 attributed
5 fraction 7 to
5 fraction 12 oscillated
7 to 8 collagen
8 collagen 10 ani
9 ( 10 ani
10 ani 11 )
12 oscillated 13 from
12 oscillated 18 between
13 from 17 %
14 10 15 to
15 to 16 30
15 to 17 %
18 between 22 pressures
19 diastolic 20 and
20 and 21 systolic
20 and 22 pressures
22 pressures 23 during
23 during 26 cycle
24 the 26 cycle
25 cardiac 26 cycle

with age , stiffness of elastin ( iso ) increased in men , despite the decrease in elastin content that has been found due to elastolysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 with 2 age
1 with 20 that
2 age 4 stiffness
3 , 4 stiffness
4 stiffness 5 of
4 stiffness 8 iso
4 stiffness 9 )
5 of 6 elastin
7 ( 8 iso
8 iso 9 )
10 increased 11 in
10 increased 13 ,
10 increased 20 that
11 in 12 men
14 despite 16 decrease
14 despite 20 that
15 the 16 decrease
17 in 19 content
17 in 20 that
18 elastin 19 content
20 that 21 has
21 has 22 been
22 been 23 found
23 found 25 to
24 due 25 to
25 to 26 elastolysis

furthermore , an increase in stiffness of collagen ( ani ) at high physiological pressure was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 increase
3 an 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 16 was
5 in 6 stiffness
6 stiffness 7 of
6 stiffness 12 at
7 of 8 collagen
8 collagen 10 ani
9 ( 10 ani
10 ani 11 )
12 at 15 pressure
13 high 15 pressure
14 physiological 15 pressure
16 was 17 found

this might be due to increased glycation , as well as changed isoforms of collagen in the aortic wall with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
1 this 2 might
2 might 3 be
3 be 5 to
4 due 5 to
5 to 7 glycation
6 increased 7 glycation
7 glycation 11 as
8 , 11 as
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 13 isoforms
11 as 22 .
12 changed 13 isoforms
13 isoforms 14 of
14 of 15 collagen
15 collagen 16 in
16 in 19 wall
17 the 19 wall
18 aortic 19 wall
19 wall 20 with
20 with 21 age

a marked sex difference was observed , with [a] much less age - related effect , both on elastin ( iso ) and collagen ( ani ) stiffness in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 a 4 difference
2 marked 3 sex
3 sex 4 difference
4 difference 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 12 age
8 with 13 -
10 much 11 less
11 less 12 age
13 - 14 related
14 related 23 and
14 related 29 in
14 related 31 .
15 effect 16 ,
16 , 17 both
16 , 23 and
17 both 18 on
18 on 19 elastin
19 elastin 21 iso
20 ( 21 iso
21 iso 22 )
23 and 28 stiffness
24 collagen 26 ani
24 collagen 27 )
24 collagen 28 stiffness
25 ( 26 ani
26 ani 27 )
29 in 30 women

possible factors of importance could be the effect of sex hormones , as well as differing collagen isoforms , between the sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 possible 2 factors
2 factors 3 of
2 factors 5 could
3 of 4 importance
5 could 6 be
6 be 8 effect
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
8 effect 20 between
9 of 11 hormones
10 sex 11 hormones
11 hormones 13 as
12 , 13 as
13 as 18 isoforms
13 as 19 ,
14 well 18 isoforms
15 as 16 differing
16 differing 17 collagen
17 collagen 18 isoforms
20 between 22 sexes
21 the 22 sexes

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( [copd] [ )(and ageing may contribute to malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 chronic 4 disease
2 obstructive 4 disease
3 pulmonary 4 disease
4 disease 8 )(and
5 ( 8 )(and
8 )(and 9 ageing
8 )(and 10 may
10 may 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
12 to 13 malnutrition

we aimed to explore whether copd and ageing determine malnutrition in different manners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 explore
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 5 whether
5 whether 7 and
5 whether 9 determine
6 copd 7 and
7 and 8 ageing
7 and 9 determine
9 determine 10 malnutrition
9 determine 11 in
11 in 13 manners
12 different 13 manners

nutritional status was evaluated using the mini nutritional assessment® ( mna ) questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 status
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 nutritional 2 status
2 status 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 using
5 using 13 questionnaire
6 the 13 questionnaire
7 mini 8 nutritional
8 nutritional 13 questionnaire
9 assessment® 11 mna
9 assessment® 13 questionnaire
10 ( 11 mna
11 mna 12 )

from the mna , three scores exploring the domains of the nutritional status were calculated : body composition , energy intake and body functionality scores . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
1 from 3 mna
1 from 4 ,
1 from 6 scores
2 the 3 mna
5 three 6 scores
6 scores 7 exploring
6 scores 10 of
6 scores 14 were
7 exploring 9 domains
8 the 9 domains
10 of 13 status
11 the 13 status
12 nutritional 13 status
14 were 15 calculated
16 : 22 and
16 : 26 .
17 body 18 composition
18 composition 19 ,
19 , 21 intake
19 , 22 and
20 energy 21 intake
22 and 25 scores
23 body 25 scores
24 functionality 25 scores

global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease ( gold ) stages were negatively correlated with five mna items exploring mobility [,] patient 's perception of own nutrition and health status , and arm and calf circumferences ( [lowest] spearman 's rho ( rs [ ] - 0.011 [;] [highest] p=0.039 ) . 
1 global 2 initiative
1 global 11 stages
1 global 12 were
2 initiative 3 for
2 initiative 9 gold
2 initiative 11 stages
3 for 7 disease
4 chronic 5 obstructive
5 obstructive 6 lung
6 lung 7 disease
8 ( 9 gold
9 gold 10 )
12 were 14 correlated
13 negatively 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 with
15 with 16 five
15 with 17 mna
17 mna 18 items
17 mna 26 own
18 items 19 exploring
18 items 26 own
19 exploring 20 mobility
20 mobility 22 patient
20 mobility 25 of
22 patient 23 's
23 's 24 perception
24 perception 25 of
26 own 34 and
27 nutrition 28 and
28 and 30 status
28 and 31 ,
28 and 32 and
29 health 30 status
32 and 33 arm
32 and 34 and
34 and 36 circumferences
34 and 41 rho
35 calf 36 circumferences
37 ( 41 rho
39 spearman 40 's
40 's 41 rho
41 rho 43 rs
41 rho 51 )
42 ( 43 rs
43 rs 49 [highest]
43 rs 51 )
45 ] 49 [highest]
46 - 49 [highest]
49 [highest] 50 p=0.039

gold stages were independently correlated with body composition and body functionality scores ( model r2=0.073 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 gold 2 stages
2 stages 3 were
3 were 5 correlated
4 independently 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
6 with 9 and
7 body 8 composition
8 composition 9 and
9 and 12 scores
9 and 15 r2=0.073
10 body 12 scores
11 functionality 12 scores
13 ( 15 r2=0.073
14 model 15 r2=0.073
15 r2=0.073 16 )

age was negatively correlated with four mna items exploring loss of appetite , fluid intake , mobility and autonomy in daily life ( [lowest] rs= - 0.013 ; [highest] p=0.030 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 p=0.030
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 )(
1 age 2 was
2 was 3 negatively
2 was 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
4 correlated 20 in
5 with 8 items
6 four 8 items
7 mna 8 items
8 items 9 exploring
8 items 11 of
9 exploring 10 loss
11 of 18 and
12 appetite 13 ,
13 , 15 intake
13 , 16 ,
14 fluid 15 intake
16 , 17 mobility
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 autonomy
20 in 22 life
21 daily 22 life
22 life 25 rs=
23 ( 25 rs=
25 rs= 26 -
26 - 27 0.013
26 - 28 ;
28 ; 30 p=0.030

age was independently correlated with body functionality [score] ( model r2=0.037 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 age 2 was
2 was 4 correlated
3 independently 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
5 with 7 functionality
6 body 7 functionality
7 functionality 11 r2=0.037
9 ( 11 r2=0.037
10 model 11 r2=0.037
11 r2=0.037 12 )

severe copd and ageing are independent and probably concurrent conditions leading to malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 copd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 severe 2 copd
3 and 4 ageing
3 and 5 are
4 ageing 5 are
5 are 10 conditions
6 independent 7 and
7 and 8 probably
7 and 9 concurrent
7 and 10 conditions
10 conditions 11 leading
10 conditions 12 to
12 to 13 malnutrition

the mna questionnaire allows a valuable insight into the complexity of components of nutritional status and may provide useful clues for treatment strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questionnaire
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 questionnaire
2 mna 3 questionnaire
3 questionnaire 16 and
4 allows 7 insight
4 allows 8 into
4 allows 16 and
5 a 6 valuable
5 a 7 insight
6 valuable 7 insight
8 into 10 complexity
9 the 10 complexity
10 complexity 11 of
11 of 12 components
12 components 13 of
13 of 15 status
14 nutritional 15 status
16 and 17 may
17 may 18 provide
18 provide 20 clues
19 useful 20 clues
20 clues 21 for
21 for 23 strategies
22 treatment 23 strategies

myocardial fat is often seen at cardiac computed tomography ( ct [ )(and magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging of healthy adults and patients with myocardial diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 myocardial 2 fat
2 fat 3 is
3 is 5 seen
4 often 5 seen
5 seen 6 at
5 seen 25 with
6 at 19 imaging
7 cardiac 19 imaging
8 computed 19 imaging
9 tomography 13 )(and
9 tomography 19 imaging
10 ( 13 )(and
11 ct 13 )(and
13 )(and 15 resonance
13 )(and 17 mr
13 )(and 18 )
14 magnetic 15 resonance
16 ( 17 mr
17 mr 18 )
19 imaging 20 of
20 of 23 and
21 healthy 22 adults
22 adults 23 and
23 and 24 patients
25 with 27 diseases
26 myocardial 27 diseases

physiologic myocardial fat develops with aging and is commonly seen at ct in the anterolateral right [ventricular] ( rv ) free wall and rv outflow tract with normal or thickened rv myocardium and a normal - sized rv in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 physiologic 3 fat
2 myocardial 3 fat
3 fat 7 and
4 develops 5 with
4 develops 7 and
5 with 6 aging
7 and 8 is
8 is 10 seen
9 commonly 10 seen
10 seen 11 at
10 seen 13 in
11 at 12 ct
13 in 23 and
14 the 22 wall
15 anterolateral 22 wall
16 right 19 rv
16 right 22 wall
18 ( 19 rv
19 rv 20 )
21 free 22 wall
22 wall 23 and
23 and 26 tract
23 and 27 with
23 and 39 in
24 rv 26 tract
25 outflow 26 tract
27 with 33 and
28 normal 29 or
29 or 32 myocardium
29 or 33 and
30 thickened 32 myocardium
31 rv 32 myocardium
33 and 38 rv
34 a 38 rv
35 normal 36 -
35 normal 38 rv
37 sized 38 rv
39 in 41 patients
40 elderly 41 patients

pathologic conditions with myocardial fat include healed myocardial infarction ( mi ) ; arrhythmogenic rv cardiomyopathy or dysplasia ( arvc ) [;] and others , such as cardiac lipoma , lipomatous [hypertrophy] of the interatrial septum , tuberous sclerosis complex , dilated cardiomyopathy , and cardiomyopathy with muscular dystrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
1 pathologic 2 conditions
2 conditions 3 with
2 conditions 6 include
3 with 5 fat
4 myocardial 5 fat
6 include 9 infarction
7 healed 9 infarction
8 myocardial 9 infarction
9 infarction 11 mi
10 ( 11 mi
11 mi 12 )
13 ; 23 and
14 arrhythmogenic 16 cardiomyopathy
15 rv 16 cardiomyopathy
16 cardiomyopathy 17 or
17 or 18 dysplasia
17 or 20 arvc
17 or 23 and
19 ( 20 arvc
20 arvc 21 )
23 and 24 others
23 and 25 ,
23 and 29 lipoma
25 , 29 lipoma
26 such 29 lipoma
27 as 28 cardiac
28 cardiac 29 lipoma
29 lipoma 45 and
29 lipoma 50 .
30 , 45 and
31 lipomatous 33 of
31 lipomatous 37 ,
33 of 36 septum
34 the 36 septum
35 interatrial 36 septum
37 , 43 cardiomyopathy
37 , 45 and
38 tuberous 39 sclerosis
39 sclerosis 43 cardiomyopathy
40 complex 41 ,
40 complex 43 cardiomyopathy
42 dilated 43 cardiomyopathy
44 , 45 and
45 and 46 cardiomyopathy
45 and 47 with
45 and 50 .
47 with 49 dystrophy
48 muscular 49 dystrophy

in patients with healed mi , ct and mr imaging show fat in left [ventricular] myocardium that is of normal thickness or thin and follows the distribution of the coronary artery ; ct often depicts fat in mostly subendocardial regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 8 and
1 in 17 that
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 6 ,
3 with 5 mi
4 healed 5 mi
6 , 7 ct
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 mr
8 and 10 imaging
10 imaging 12 fat
11 show 12 fat
13 in 16 myocardium
13 in 17 that
14 left 16 myocardium
17 that 24 and
18 is 19 of
18 is 24 and
19 of 22 or
20 normal 21 thickness
21 thickness 22 or
22 or 23 thin
24 and 25 follows
24 and 27 distribution
26 the 27 distribution
27 distribution 28 of
28 of 31 artery
29 the 31 artery
30 coronary 31 artery
32 ; 33 ct
32 ; 35 depicts
33 ct 35 depicts
34 often 35 depicts
35 depicts 36 fat
36 fat 37 in
37 in 40 regions
38 mostly 39 subendocardial
39 subendocardial 40 regions

in patients with arvc , characteristic ct and mr imaging findings include a thin rv outflow tract and free wall caused by subepicardial fatty infiltration ; fat in the rv moderator band , trabeculae , and [ventricular] septum ; and rv enlargement and wall motion abnormality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 in 2 patients
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 and
2 patients 3 with
3 with 4 arvc
6 characteristic 7 ct
7 ct 8 and
8 and 9 mr
8 and 10 imaging
8 and 12 include
10 imaging 11 findings
12 include 18 and
12 include 22 by
13 a 14 thin
13 a 17 tract
14 thin 16 outflow
15 rv 16 outflow
16 outflow 17 tract
17 tract 18 and
18 and 20 wall
18 and 21 caused
19 free 20 wall
22 by 25 infiltration
23 subepicardial 25 infiltration
24 fatty 25 infiltration
26 ; 36 and
26 ; 39 ;
27 fat 28 in
27 fat 36 and
28 in 32 band
29 the 32 band
30 rv 32 band
31 moderator 32 band
32 band 34 trabeculae
33 , 34 trabeculae
34 trabeculae 35 ,
35 , 36 and
36 and 38 septum
39 ; 40 and
40 and 43 and
40 and 45 motion
41 rv 42 enlargement
42 enlargement 43 and
43 and 44 wall
43 and 45 motion
45 motion 46 abnormality

recognition of patient age , characteristic locations of myocardial fat , myocardial thickness , and [ventricular] size helps in differentiating physiologic and pathologic myocardial fat at cardiac imaging ; findings of wall motion abnormality and late gadolinium enhancement at mr imaging help narrow the diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 helps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 recognition 2 of
1 recognition 18 helps
2 of 15 and
3 patient 4 age
4 age 5 ,
5 , 7 locations
5 , 15 and
6 characteristic 7 locations
7 locations 8 of
8 of 10 fat
9 myocardial 10 fat
10 fat 13 thickness
11 , 13 thickness
12 myocardial 13 thickness
13 thickness 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 size
18 helps 19 in
18 helps 26 at
19 in 25 fat
20 differentiating 25 fat
21 physiologic 22 and
22 and 23 pathologic
22 and 25 fat
24 myocardial 25 fat
26 at 28 imaging
27 cardiac 28 imaging
29 ; 35 and
30 findings 31 of
30 findings 35 and
31 of 34 abnormality
32 wall 33 motion
33 motion 34 abnormality
35 and 38 enhancement
35 and 39 at
35 and 41 imaging
35 and 43 narrow
36 late 38 enhancement
37 gadolinium 38 enhancement
39 at 40 mr
41 imaging 42 help
43 narrow 45 diagnosis
44 the 45 diagnosis

introduction : the main goal of the current research was to study the relationship between holding negative aging stereotypes and cognitive performance in a cognitive stimulation program in an older adult group ( n=55 ) with mild cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 5 goal
3 the 4 main
3 the 5 goal
5 goal 6 of
6 of 8 current
7 the 8 current
8 current 9 research
8 current 12 study
9 research 10 was
10 was 11 to
10 was 12 study
11 to 12 study
12 study 14 relationship
12 study 15 between
12 study 23 in
13 the 14 relationship
15 between 20 and
16 holding 18 aging
17 negative 18 aging
18 aging 19 stereotypes
19 stereotypes 20 and
20 and 22 performance
21 cognitive 22 performance
23 in 27 program
24 a 27 program
25 cognitive 27 program
26 stimulation 27 program
27 program 28 in
27 program 36 with
28 in 32 group
29 an 32 group
30 older 32 group
31 adult 32 group
32 group 34 n=55
33 ( 34 n=55
34 n=55 35 )
36 with 39 impairment
37 mild 38 cognitive
38 cognitive 39 impairment

material and methods : performance and stereotypes were contrasted before and after the cognitive stimulation program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 and
4 : 9 contrasted
4 : 17 .
5 performance 6 and
6 and 7 stereotypes
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 contrasted
9 contrasted 11 and
10 before 11 and
11 and 12 after
12 after 16 program
13 the 16 program
14 cognitive 15 stimulation
15 stimulation 16 program

results : firstly , results showed a significant improvement in associative learning and verbal recall , as well as significant stereotypes score reduction after treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 results
2 : 6 showed
2 : 16 ,
2 : 26 .
3 firstly 4 ,
3 firstly 5 results
5 results 6 showed
6 showed 9 improvement
7 a 9 improvement
8 significant 9 improvement
9 improvement 10 in
10 in 13 and
11 associative 12 learning
11 associative 13 and
13 and 15 recall
13 and 16 ,
14 verbal 15 recall
16 , 21 stereotypes
16 , 22 score
17 as 18 well
17 as 21 stereotypes
19 as 20 significant
20 significant 21 stereotypes
21 stereotypes 22 score
22 score 23 reduction
23 reduction 24 after
24 after 25 treatment

secondly , those who improved their associative learning performance had a higher stereotypes score before the program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 secondly 2 ,
1 secondly 3 those
3 those 4 who
3 those 5 improved
3 those 10 had
4 who 5 improved
5 improved 9 performance
6 their 9 performance
7 associative 9 performance
8 learning 9 performance
10 had 14 score
10 had 15 before
11 a 14 score
12 higher 13 stereotypes
13 stereotypes 14 score
15 before 17 program
16 the 17 program

even though , this group also reduced their stereotype score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 even 5 group
2 though 3 ,
2 though 5 group
4 this 5 group
5 group 7 reduced
6 also 7 reduced
7 reduced 10 score
8 their 10 score
9 stereotype 10 score

conclusions : these findings show that people who improve their cognitive performance also reduce their stereotypes score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 show
2 : 18 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 7 people
6 that 14 reduce
7 people 8 who
7 people 9 improve
7 people 14 reduce
8 who 9 improve
9 improve 12 performance
10 their 12 performance
11 cognitive 12 performance
13 also 14 reduce
14 reduce 17 score
15 their 17 score
16 stereotypes 17 score

this relationship is very novel , because although the correlation [between] absence of stereotype and better cognitive performance has been found in the literature , a positive correlation between stereotype change and cognitive performance after a psychological treatment has not been observed before . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
1 this 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 is
3 is 5 novel
4 very 5 novel
5 novel 7 because
6 , 7 because
7 because 28 correlation
7 because 42 observed
7 because 44 .
8 although 18 performance
8 although 21 found
8 although 25 ,
8 although 28 correlation
9 the 12 absence
10 correlation 12 absence
12 absence 13 of
12 absence 15 and
13 of 14 stereotype
15 and 16 better
15 and 18 performance
17 cognitive 18 performance
18 performance 19 has
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 found
21 found 22 in
22 in 24 literature
23 the 24 literature
26 a 27 positive
26 a 28 correlation
27 positive 28 correlation
28 correlation 29 between
28 correlation 39 has
29 between 32 and
30 stereotype 31 change
31 change 32 and
32 and 34 performance
32 and 35 after
33 cognitive 34 performance
35 after 38 treatment
36 a 37 psychological
36 a 38 treatment
37 psychological 38 treatment
39 has 40 not
39 has 41 been
41 been 42 observed
42 observed 43 before

the risk of [falls] from height on a construction site increases under conditions which degrade workers ' postural control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 risk
2 risk 3 of
2 risk 11 increases
3 of 5 from
5 from 6 height
6 height 7 on
7 on 10 site
8 a 9 construction
8 a 10 site
9 construction 10 site
11 increases 12 under
12 under 13 conditions
13 conditions 14 which
13 conditions 15 degrade
14 which 15 degrade
15 degrade 19 control
16 workers 17 '
17 ' 19 control
18 postural 19 control

at elevation , workers depend heavily on sensory information from their feet to maintain balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 workers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 at 2 elevation
1 at 3 ,
1 at 4 workers
4 workers 5 depend
5 depend 6 heavily
5 depend 7 on
5 depend 13 to
7 on 9 information
8 sensory 9 information
9 information 10 from
10 from 12 feet
11 their 12 feet
13 to 14 maintain
14 maintain 15 balance

the study tested two hypotheses : " sensory enhancement " -- sub - sensory [(] undetectable ) random mechanical vibrations at the plantar surface of the feet can [improve] worker 's balance at elevation [;] and " sensory suppression " -- supra - sensory [(] detectable ) random mechanical vibrations can [have] [a] degrading effect on balance in the same experimental settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 tested
3 tested 5 hypotheses
4 two 5 hypotheses
6 : 7 "
6 : 9 enhancement
6 : 13 -
8 sensory 9 enhancement
9 enhancement 10 "
9 enhancement 12 sub
11 -- 12 sub
12 sub 13 -
13 - 20 vibrations
14 sensory 20 vibrations
16 undetectable 17 )
16 undetectable 20 vibrations
18 random 20 vibrations
19 mechanical 20 vibrations
20 vibrations 21 at
21 at 24 surface
22 the 24 surface
23 plantar 24 surface
24 surface 25 of
25 of 32 balance
26 the 30 worker
27 feet 30 worker
28 can 30 worker
30 worker 31 's
31 's 32 balance
32 balance 33 at
33 at 42 supra
34 elevation 36 and
36 and 37 "
36 and 39 suppression
36 and 41 --
36 and 42 supra
38 sensory 39 suppression
39 suppression 40 "
42 supra 51 can
43 - 51 can
44 sensory 50 vibrations
46 detectable 47 )
46 detectable 50 vibrations
48 random 50 vibrations
49 mechanical 50 vibrations
50 vibrations 51 can
51 can 54 degrading
51 can 63 .
54 degrading 55 effect
54 degrading 56 on
56 on 57 balance
57 balance 58 in
58 in 62 settings
59 the 60 same
59 the 62 settings
61 experimental 62 settings

six young [(] age 20 - 35 ) and six aging ( age 45 - 60 ) construction workers were tested while standing in standard and semi - tandem postures on instrumented gel insoles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 six
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 six 4 age
2 young 4 age
4 age 5 20
5 20 7 35
6 - 7 35
7 35 8 )
9 and 10 six
9 and 21 tested
10 six 11 aging
10 six 20 were
11 aging 15 -
11 aging 19 workers
12 ( 15 -
13 age 14 45
13 age 15 -
15 - 16 60
15 - 17 )
18 construction 19 workers
20 were 21 tested
21 tested 22 while
21 tested 31 on
22 while 23 standing
23 standing 24 in
24 in 26 and
25 standard 26 and
26 and 30 postures
27 semi 28 -
27 semi 30 postures
29 tandem 30 postures
31 on 34 insoles
32 instrumented 33 gel
33 gel 34 insoles

the insoles applied sub - or supra - sensory levels of random mechanical vibrations to the feet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 sub
2 insoles 3 applied
3 applied 4 sub
4 sub 6 or
5 - 6 or
6 or 10 levels
6 or 11 of
7 supra 8 -
7 supra 10 levels
9 sensory 10 levels
11 of 14 vibrations
12 random 14 vibrations
13 mechanical 14 vibrations
14 vibrations 15 to
15 to 17 feet
16 the 17 feet

the tests were conducted in a [surround] [-] screen virtual reality system , which simulated a narrow plank at elevation on a construction site . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 tests
2 tests 3 were
3 were 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 in
5 in 12 system
6 a 12 system
9 screen 12 system
10 virtual 11 reality
11 reality 12 system
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 simulated
14 which 15 simulated
15 simulated 18 plank
15 simulated 19 at
15 simulated 21 on
16 a 17 narrow
16 a 18 plank
17 narrow 18 plank
19 at 20 elevation
21 on 24 site
22 a 23 construction
22 a 24 site
23 construction 24 site

upper body kinematics [was] assessed [with] a motion - measurement system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 kinematics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 upper 2 body
2 body 3 kinematics
3 kinematics 5 assessed
5 assessed 8 motion
7 a 8 motion
9 - 11 system
9 - 12 .
10 measurement 11 system

postural stability effects were evaluated by conventional and statistical mechanics sway measures , as well as trunk angular displacement parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 postural
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 measures
1 postural 4 were
1 postural 6 by
2 stability 3 effects
3 effects 4 were
4 were 5 evaluated
6 by 10 mechanics
7 conventional 8 and
8 and 9 statistical
8 and 10 mechanics
10 mechanics 11 sway
10 mechanics 12 measures
11 sway 12 measures
12 measures 16 as
13 , 16 as
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 20 parameters
16 as 21 .
17 trunk 20 parameters
18 angular 19 displacement
19 displacement 20 parameters

analysis of variance did not confirm the " sensory enhancement " hypothesis , but provided evidence for the " sensory suppression " hypothesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 analysis 2 of
1 analysis 14 but
2 of 3 variance
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 confirm
4 did 14 but
6 confirm 12 hypothesis
7 the 8 "
7 the 12 hypothesis
9 sensory 10 enhancement
10 enhancement 11 "
10 enhancement 12 hypothesis
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 provided
15 provided 16 evidence
16 evidence 17 for
17 for 23 hypothesis
18 the 19 "
18 the 23 hypothesis
20 sensory 21 suppression
21 suppression 22 "
21 suppression 23 hypothesis

the supra - sensory vibration had a destabilizing effect , which was considerably stronger in the semi - tandem posture and affected most of the sway variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 vibration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 5 vibration
2 supra 3 -
2 supra 5 vibration
4 sensory 5 vibration
5 vibration 6 had
6 had 9 effect
7 a 9 effect
8 destabilizing 9 effect
10 , 11 which
10 , 21 and
11 which 21 and
12 was 14 stronger
12 was 21 and
13 considerably 14 stronger
14 stronger 15 in
15 in 20 posture
16 the 20 posture
17 semi 18 -
17 semi 19 tandem
19 tandem 20 posture
21 and 22 affected
21 and 27 variables
23 most 24 of
23 most 27 variables
24 of 27 variables
25 the 27 variables
26 sway 27 variables

sensory suppression associated with elevated vibration levels on a construction site may increase the danger of losing balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suppression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 sensory 2 suppression
2 suppression 3 associated
2 suppression 12 may
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 8 on
4 with 7 levels
5 elevated 6 vibration
6 vibration 7 levels
8 on 11 site
9 a 10 construction
9 a 11 site
10 construction 11 site
12 may 13 increase
13 increase 15 danger
14 the 15 danger
15 danger 16 of
16 of 18 balance
17 losing 18 balance

construction workers at elevation , e.g [.] , on a beam or narrow plank might be at increased risk of fall if they can detect vibrations under their feet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 workers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 construction 2 workers
2 workers 3 at
2 workers 9 on
2 workers 15 might
3 at 4 elevation
4 elevation 6 e.g
5 , 6 e.g
6 e.g 8 ,
9 on 12 or
10 a 11 beam
11 beam 12 or
12 or 14 plank
13 narrow 14 plank
15 might 16 be
16 be 17 at
16 be 22 if
16 be 27 under
17 at 19 risk
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 fall
22 if 23 they
22 if 25 detect
23 they 24 can
24 can 25 detect
25 detect 26 vibrations
27 under 29 feet
28 their 29 feet

to reduce the possibility of losing balance , mechanical vibration to supporting structures used as walking/working surfaces should be minimized when performing construction tasks at elevation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 reduce
2 reduce 4 possibility
3 the 4 possibility
4 possibility 5 of
5 of 7 balance
6 losing 7 balance
8 , 19 be
9 mechanical 10 vibration
10 vibration 11 to
10 vibration 14 used
10 vibration 18 should
11 to 12 supporting
12 supporting 13 structures
14 used 15 as
15 as 17 surfaces
16 walking/working 17 surfaces
18 should 19 be
19 be 20 minimized
20 minimized 21 when
21 when 22 performing
22 performing 24 tasks
22 performing 25 at
23 construction 24 tasks
25 at 26 elevation

we show that ydr049 ( renamed vcp/cdc48 - associated mitochondrial stress - responsive -- vms1 ) , a member of an unstudied pan - eukaryotic protein family , translocates from the cytosol to mitochondria upon mitochondrial stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 28 ,
2 show 4 ydr049
2 show 27 family
2 show 28 ,
3 that 4 ydr049
4 ydr049 6 renamed
4 ydr049 11 stress
5 ( 6 renamed
6 renamed 7 vcp/cdc48
6 renamed 8 -
8 - 11 stress
9 associated 11 stress
10 mitochondrial 11 stress
11 stress 15 vms1
11 stress 19 member
11 stress 24 -
12 - 15 vms1
13 responsive 14 --
13 responsive 15 vms1
15 vms1 16 )
17 , 19 member
18 a 19 member
19 member 20 of
19 member 24 -
20 of 23 pan
21 an 23 pan
22 unstudied 23 pan
25 eukaryotic 27 family
26 protein 27 family
28 , 29 translocates
28 , 30 from
28 , 33 to
30 from 32 cytosol
31 the 32 cytosol
33 to 34 mitochondria
34 mitochondria 35 upon
35 upon 37 stress
36 mitochondrial 37 stress

cells lacking vms1 show progressive mitochondrial failure , hypersensitivity to oxidative stress , and decreased chronological life span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cells 2 lacking
1 cells 4 show
2 lacking 3 vms1
4 show 7 failure
5 progressive 7 failure
6 mitochondrial 7 failure
8 , 14 and
9 hypersensitivity 10 to
9 hypersensitivity 14 and
10 to 12 stress
11 oxidative 12 stress
13 , 14 and
14 and 18 span
15 decreased 17 life
16 chronological 17 life
17 life 18 span

both yeast and mammalian vms1 stably interact with cdc48/vcp/p97 , a component of the ubiquitin/proteasome system with a well - defined [role] in endoplasmic reticulum - associated protein degradation ( erad ) , wherein misfolded er proteins are degraded in the cytosol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 interact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 both 3 and
2 yeast 3 and
3 and 5 vms1
3 and 7 interact
4 mammalian 5 vms1
6 stably 7 interact
7 interact 8 with
7 interact 21 defined
7 interact 34 wherein
8 with 9 cdc48/vcp/p97
9 cdc48/vcp/p97 12 component
10 , 12 component
11 a 12 component
12 component 13 of
12 component 20 -
13 of 16 system
14 the 16 system
15 ubiquitin/proteasome 16 system
16 system 17 with
17 with 19 well
18 a 19 well
20 - 21 defined
21 defined 23 in
21 defined 33 ,
23 in 29 degradation
24 endoplasmic 28 protein
25 reticulum 26 -
25 reticulum 28 protein
27 associated 28 protein
28 protein 29 degradation
29 degradation 31 erad
30 ( 31 erad
31 erad 32 )
34 wherein 37 proteins
34 wherein 39 degraded
35 misfolded 37 proteins
36 er 37 proteins
37 proteins 38 are
38 are 39 degraded
39 degraded 40 in
40 in 42 cytosol
41 the 42 cytosol

we show that oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial localization of cdc48 and this is dependent on vms1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 6 triggers
2 show 8 localization
2 show 13 is
3 that 4 oxidative
4 oxidative 5 stress
5 stress 6 triggers
7 mitochondrial 8 localization
8 localization 9 of
8 localization 13 is
9 of 11 and
10 cdc48 11 and
11 and 12 this
13 is 14 dependent
14 dependent 15 on
15 on 16 vms1

when this system is impaired by mutation of vms1 , ubiquitin - dependent mitochondrial protein degradation , mitochondrial respiratory function , and cell viability are compromised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 compromised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 when 3 system
1 when 5 impaired
1 when 15 protein
2 this 3 system
3 system 4 is
4 is 5 impaired
5 impaired 6 by
6 by 7 mutation
7 mutation 8 of
8 of 9 vms1
9 vms1 11 ubiquitin
10 , 11 ubiquitin
11 ubiquitin 12 -
13 dependent 15 protein
14 mitochondrial 15 protein
15 protein 22 and
15 protein 25 are
15 protein 26 compromised
16 degradation 17 ,
17 , 20 function
17 , 22 and
18 mitochondrial 20 function
19 respiratory 20 function
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 viability
22 and 25 are
23 cell 24 viability

we demonstrate that vms1 is a required component of an evolutionarily conserved system for mitochondrial protein degradation , which is necessary to maintain mitochondrial , cellular , and organismal viability . 
1 we 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 that
3 that 4 vms1
3 that 5 is
4 vms1 5 is
5 is 8 component
6 a 8 component
7 required 8 component
8 component 9 of
8 component 19 which
9 of 13 system
10 an 13 system
11 evolutionarily 12 conserved
12 conserved 13 system
13 system 14 for
14 for 17 degradation
15 mitochondrial 17 degradation
16 protein 17 degradation
18 , 19 which
19 which 20 is
19 which 31 .
20 is 21 necessary
21 necessary 22 to
22 to 23 maintain
23 maintain 30 viability
24 mitochondrial 25 ,
25 , 26 cellular
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 organismal
28 and 30 viability

effects of heavy resistance exercise on serum testosterone and skeletal muscle androgen receptor ( ar ) concentrations were examined before and after a 21 [-] week resistance training period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 effects 2 of
1 effects 5 exercise
2 of 4 resistance
3 heavy 4 resistance
5 exercise 6 on
6 on 7 serum
7 serum 17 concentrations
7 serum 18 were
7 serum 19 examined
8 testosterone 9 and
9 and 13 receptor
9 and 15 ar
9 and 17 concentrations
10 skeletal 11 muscle
11 muscle 13 receptor
12 androgen 13 receptor
14 ( 15 ar
15 ar 16 )
17 concentrations 18 were
19 examined 21 and
20 before 21 and
21 and 22 after
22 after 27 resistance
23 a 27 resistance
24 21 26 week
26 week 27 resistance
27 resistance 28 training
28 training 29 period

seven healthy untrained young adult men ( yt [ )(and ten controls ( yc [ )(as well as ten older men ( ot ) and eight controls ( oc ) volunteered as subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 volunteered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 seven 6 men
2 healthy 5 adult
3 untrained 5 adult
4 young 5 adult
5 adult 6 men
6 men 10 )(and
6 men 31 volunteered
7 ( 10 )(and
8 yt 10 )(and
10 )(and 12 controls
10 )(and 25 and
10 )(and 30 )
11 ten 12 controls
13 ( 25 and
14 yc 18 as
14 yc 25 and
16 )(as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 21 men
19 ten 21 men
20 older 21 men
21 men 23 ot
22 ( 23 ot
23 ot 24 )
25 and 27 controls
25 and 29 oc
25 and 30 )
26 eight 27 controls
28 ( 29 oc
29 oc 30 )
31 volunteered 32 as
32 as 33 subjects

heavy resistance exercise bouts ( 5 × 10 rm leg presses ) were performed before and after the training period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 bouts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 heavy 2 resistance
2 resistance 3 exercise
3 exercise 4 bouts
4 bouts 11 presses
4 bouts 13 were
5 ( 11 presses
6 5 11 presses
7 × 10 leg
8 10 9 rm
9 rm 10 leg
10 leg 11 presses
11 presses 12 )
13 were 14 performed
14 performed 16 and
15 before 16 and
16 and 17 after
17 after 20 period
18 the 20 period
19 training 20 period

muscle [biopsies] were obtained before and 1 h and 48 h after the resistance exercise bouts from m.vastus lateralis ( vl ) to determine cross [-] sectional area of muscle fibers ( fcsa ) and ar mrna expression and protein concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 muscle 3 were
3 were 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 before
6 and 9 and
6 and 15 exercise
7 1 8 h
8 h 9 and
9 and 11 h
9 and 12 after
9 and 15 exercise
10 48 11 h
12 after 14 resistance
13 the 14 resistance
15 exercise 16 bouts
15 exercise 23 to
16 bouts 17 from
16 bouts 21 vl
17 from 19 lateralis
18 m.vastus 19 lateralis
20 ( 21 vl
21 vl 22 )
23 to 24 determine
24 determine 35 and
24 determine 37 mrna
25 cross 28 area
27 sectional 28 area
28 area 29 of
28 area 35 and
29 of 31 fibers
30 muscle 31 fibers
31 fibers 33 fcsa
32 ( 33 fcsa
33 fcsa 34 )
35 and 36 ar
35 and 37 mrna
37 mrna 39 and
38 expression 39 and
39 and 41 concentrations
40 protein 41 concentrations

no changes were observed in yc and oc while resistance training led to significant increases in maximal strength of leg extensors ( 1 rm ) , fcsa and lean body mass in yt and ot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
1 no 2 changes
2 changes 3 were
3 were 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 9 while
5 in 7 and
6 yc 7 and
7 and 8 oc
9 while 28 and
9 while 31 mass
10 resistance 11 training
11 training 12 led
11 training 26 ,
12 led 13 to
12 led 16 in
13 to 15 increases
14 significant 15 increases
16 in 18 strength
17 maximal 18 strength
18 strength 19 of
18 strength 24 rm
19 of 21 extensors
20 leg 21 extensors
22 ( 24 rm
23 1 24 rm
24 rm 25 )
26 , 27 fcsa
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 body
28 and 31 mass
29 lean 30 body
31 mass 32 in
32 in 35 ot
33 yt 34 and
34 and 35 ot
35 ot 36 .

acute increases occurred in serum testosterone concentrations due to resistance exercises but basal testosterone remained unaltered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 acute 2 increases
2 increases 3 occurred
3 occurred 4 in
3 occurred 9 to
4 in 7 concentrations
5 serum 7 concentrations
6 testosterone 7 concentrations
8 due 9 to
9 to 11 exercises
10 resistance 11 exercises
12 but 14 testosterone
12 but 15 remained
13 basal 14 testosterone
14 testosterone 15 remained
15 remained 16 unaltered

mean ar mrna expression and protein concentration remained unchanged after heavy resistance exercise bouts compared to pre - values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
1 mean 5 and
1 mean 8 remained
2 ar 3 mrna
3 mrna 4 expression
4 expression 5 and
5 and 7 concentration
5 and 8 remained
6 protein 7 concentration
8 remained 9 unchanged
9 unchanged 10 after
10 after 14 bouts
10 after 15 compared
11 heavy 12 resistance
12 resistance 14 bouts
13 exercise 14 bouts
14 bouts 15 compared
15 compared 16 to
16 to 17 pre
17 pre 19 values
18 - 19 values
19 values 20 .

the individual pre - to post - training changes in resting ( pre - exercise ) ar protein concentration correlated with the changes in fcsa and lean body mass in the combined group of yt and ot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 individual
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pre
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 the 2 individual
2 individual 3 pre
3 pre 5 to
4 - 5 to
5 to 6 post
5 to 7 -
7 - 8 training
7 - 9 changes
8 training 9 changes
9 changes 10 in
9 changes 19 concentration
9 changes 21 with
9 changes 30 in
10 in 11 resting
11 resting 14 -
12 ( 14 -
13 pre 14 -
14 - 15 exercise
14 - 16 )
17 ar 19 concentration
18 protein 19 concentration
19 concentration 20 correlated
21 with 26 and
22 the 23 changes
23 changes 24 in
23 changes 26 and
24 in 25 fcsa
26 and 29 mass
27 lean 28 body
28 body 29 mass
30 in 33 group
31 the 33 group
32 combined 33 group
33 group 34 of
34 of 37 ot
35 yt 36 and
36 and 37 ot
37 ot 38 .

similarly , it correlated with the changes in 1 rm in yt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 3 it
3 it 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
4 correlated 8 in
4 correlated 11 in
5 with 7 changes
6 the 7 changes
8 in 10 rm
9 1 10 rm
11 in 12 yt

although mean ar expression did not changed due to the resistance exercise training , the present findings suggest that the individual changes of ar protein concentration in skeletal muscle following resistance training may have an impact on training - induced muscular adaptations in both younger and older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 although 3 ar
1 although 17 findings
2 mean 3 ar
3 ar 4 expression
3 ar 5 did
4 expression 5 did
6 not 7 changed
6 not 17 findings
8 due 9 to
9 to 13 training
9 to 14 ,
9 to 17 findings
10 the 13 training
11 resistance 12 exercise
12 exercise 13 training
15 the 17 findings
16 present 17 findings
17 findings 18 suggest
18 suggest 19 that
19 that 22 changes
19 that 34 have
20 the 22 changes
21 individual 22 changes
22 changes 23 of
22 changes 27 in
22 changes 33 may
23 of 26 concentration
24 ar 25 protein
25 protein 26 concentration
27 in 32 training
28 skeletal 29 muscle
29 muscle 30 following
30 following 32 training
31 resistance 32 training
33 may 34 have
34 have 36 impact
34 have 37 on
35 an 36 impact
37 on 38 training
39 - 42 adaptations
40 induced 42 adaptations
41 muscular 42 adaptations
42 adaptations 43 in
43 in 48 men
44 both 48 men
45 younger 46 and
46 and 47 older
46 and 48 men

although we have made significant progress in understanding the regulation of the uvr - exposed epidermal - melanin [unit] , we know relatively little about how human hair follicle pigmentation is regulated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 know
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 although 2 we
1 although 4 made
1 although 21 we
2 we 3 have
3 have 4 made
4 made 6 progress
4 made 10 regulation
5 significant 6 progress
6 progress 7 in
7 in 8 understanding
9 the 10 regulation
10 regulation 11 of
11 of 13 uvr
12 the 13 uvr
13 uvr 18 melanin
14 - 18 melanin
15 exposed 18 melanin
16 epidermal 17 -
16 epidermal 18 melanin
18 melanin 20 ,
21 we 22 know
22 know 24 little
22 know 25 about
23 relatively 24 little
25 about 26 how
26 how 30 pigmentation
26 how 32 regulated
27 human 30 pigmentation
28 hair 29 follicle
29 follicle 30 pigmentation
30 pigmentation 31 is
31 is 32 regulated

progress has been hampered by gaps in our knowledge of the hair growth cycle 's controls , to which hair pigmentation appears tightly coupled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hampered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 progress 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 hampered
4 hampered 5 by
4 hampered 7 in
5 by 6 gaps
7 in 9 knowledge
8 our 9 knowledge
9 knowledge 10 of
10 of 16 controls
11 the 14 cycle
12 hair 14 cycle
13 growth 14 cycle
14 cycle 15 's
15 's 16 controls
17 , 18 to
17 , 22 appears
18 to 19 which
18 to 20 hair
19 which 20 hair
21 pigmentation 22 appears
22 appears 23 tightly
22 appears 24 coupled

however , pigment cell researchers may have [overly] focused on the follicular melanocytes of the nocturnal and uvr - shy mouse as a proxy for human epidermal melanocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 researchers
3 pigment 4 cell
4 cell 5 researchers
5 researchers 6 may
6 may 7 have
7 have 9 focused
9 focused 10 on
10 on 21 mouse
11 the 21 mouse
12 follicular 13 melanocytes
13 melanocytes 14 of
13 melanocytes 17 and
14 of 16 nocturnal
15 the 16 nocturnal
17 and 18 uvr
17 and 19 -
17 and 21 mouse
20 shy 21 mouse
21 mouse 22 as
22 as 24 proxy
23 a 24 proxy
24 proxy 25 for
25 for 28 melanocytes
26 human 28 melanocytes
27 epidermal 28 melanocytes

here , i emphasize the epidermis - follicular melanocyte pluralism of human skin , as research models for vitiligo , alopecia areata and melanoma , personal care/cosmetics innovation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emphasize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 emphasize
4 emphasize 6 epidermis
4 emphasize 15 as
5 the 6 epidermis
6 epidermis 10 pluralism
7 - 10 pluralism
8 follicular 10 pluralism
9 melanocyte 10 pluralism
10 pluralism 11 of
10 pluralism 14 ,
11 of 13 skin
12 human 13 skin
15 as 17 models
16 research 17 models
17 models 18 for
18 for 23 and
19 vitiligo 20 ,
20 , 22 areata
20 , 23 and
21 alopecia 22 areata
23 and 28 innovation
24 melanoma 25 ,
24 melanoma 28 innovation
26 personal 28 innovation
27 care/cosmetics 28 innovation

further motivation could be in finding answers to [why] hair follicle and epidermal pigmentary units remain broadly distinct ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 motivation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ?
1 further 2 motivation
2 motivation 3 could
3 could 4 be
4 be 5 in
4 be 18 distinct
5 in 6 finding
6 finding 12 and
6 finding 16 remain
7 answers 8 to
7 answers 12 and
8 to 11 follicle
10 hair 11 follicle
12 and 15 units
12 and 16 remain
13 epidermal 15 units
14 pigmentary 15 units
16 remain 17 broadly

why melanomas tend to originate from epidermal rather [than] follicular melanocytes ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 melanomas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ?
1 why 2 melanomas
2 melanomas 3 tend
3 tend 4 to
3 tend 5 originate
4 to 5 originate
5 originate 6 from
6 from 11 melanocytes
7 epidermal 11 melanocytes
8 rather 10 follicular
10 follicular 11 melanocytes

why multiple follicular melanocyte [sub] - populations exist ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 populations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ?
1 why 7 populations
2 multiple 7 populations
3 follicular 7 populations
4 melanocyte 6 -
4 melanocyte 7 populations
7 populations 8 exist

why follicular melanocytes are more sensitive to aging influences ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 melanocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ?
1 why 3 melanocytes
2 follicular 3 melanocytes
3 melanocytes 4 are
4 are 6 sensitive
5 more 6 sensitive
6 sensitive 7 to
7 to 8 aging
8 aging 9 influences

in this perspective , i attempt to raise the status of the human hair follicle melanocyte and highlight some species - specific issues involved [which] the general reader of the pigmentation literature ( with its substantial mouse - based data ) may not fully appreciate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 appreciate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 in 3 perspective
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 i
2 this 3 perspective
5 i 17 and
6 attempt 7 to
6 attempt 8 raise
6 attempt 17 and
7 to 8 raise
8 raise 10 status
9 the 10 status
10 status 11 of
11 of 16 melanocyte
12 the 16 melanocyte
13 human 16 melanocyte
14 hair 16 melanocyte
15 follicle 16 melanocyte
17 and 18 highlight
18 highlight 20 species
19 some 20 species
21 - 23 issues
21 - 24 involved
22 specific 23 issues
23 issues 24 involved
24 involved 28 reader
26 the 28 reader
27 general 28 reader
28 reader 29 of
29 of 31 pigmentation
30 the 31 pigmentation
31 pigmentation 32 literature
31 pigmentation 45 appreciate
32 literature 34 with
32 literature 40 data
32 literature 42 may
33 ( 34 with
34 with 37 mouse
34 with 38 -
35 its 37 mouse
36 substantial 37 mouse
38 - 40 data
39 based 40 data
40 data 41 )
42 may 43 not
42 may 45 appreciate
44 fully 45 appreciate

insulin resistance is a risk factor for various age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 insulin 2 resistance
2 resistance 3 is
3 is 6 factor
4 a 6 factor
5 risk 6 factor
6 factor 7 for
7 for 9 age
8 various 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 diseases
11 related 13 .

in the leiden longevity study , [we] recruited long - lived siblings and their offspring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 lived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 5 study
1 in 11 lived
2 the 5 study
3 leiden 4 longevity
4 longevity 5 study
5 study 8 recruited
6 , 8 recruited
8 recruited 9 long
8 recruited 10 -
11 lived 13 and
12 siblings 13 and
13 and 15 offspring
14 their 15 offspring

previously , we showed that , compared to controls , the offspring of long - [lived] siblings had a better glucose tolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 previously 2 ,
1 previously 3 we
3 we 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 7 compared
4 showed 12 offspring
4 showed 18 had
6 , 7 compared
7 compared 8 to
7 compared 10 ,
8 to 9 controls
11 the 12 offspring
12 offspring 13 of
12 offspring 18 had
13 of 17 siblings
14 long 15 -
14 long 17 siblings
18 had 22 tolerance
19 a 22 tolerance
20 better 21 glucose
21 glucose 22 tolerance

here , we compared groups of offspring from long - [lived] siblings and controls for the relation between insulin and glucose in nonfasted serum ( n = 1848 subjects ) and for quantitation of insulin action using a two [-] step hyperinsulinemic - euglycemic clamp ( n = 24 subjects ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 compared
4 compared 5 groups
5 groups 6 of
6 of 7 offspring
7 offspring 8 from
8 from 13 and
9 long 10 -
9 long 12 siblings
12 siblings 13 and
13 and 14 controls
13 and 51 )
14 controls 15 for
15 for 17 relation
16 the 17 relation
17 relation 31 and
18 between 20 and
18 between 31 and
19 insulin 20 and
20 and 21 glucose
20 and 30 )
21 glucose 22 in
22 in 24 serum
23 nonfasted 24 serum
24 serum 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 29 subjects
28 1848 29 subjects
31 and 32 for
32 for 33 quantitation
33 quantitation 34 of
34 of 36 action
35 insulin 36 action
36 action 37 using
37 using 45 clamp
38 a 45 clamp
39 two 41 step
41 step 45 clamp
42 hyperinsulinemic 43 -
42 hyperinsulinemic 45 clamp
44 euglycemic 45 clamp
45 clamp 48 =
46 ( 48 =
47 n 48 =
48 = 50 subjects
49 24 50 subjects

groups of offspring and controls were similar with regard to sex distribution , age , and body mass index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 groups 2 of
1 groups 6 were
2 of 4 and
3 offspring 4 and
4 and 5 controls
6 were 7 similar
7 similar 8 with
7 similar 10 to
7 similar 11 sex
8 with 9 regard
10 to 11 sex
11 sex 16 and
12 distribution 13 ,
13 , 14 age
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 index
17 body 19 index
18 mass 19 index

we observed a positive bi - phasic linear relationship between ln ( insulin ) levels and nonfasted glucose with a steeper slope from 10.7mu l ( - 1 ) insulin onwards in controls compared to offspring ( p = 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 9 relationship
2 observed 32 in
2 observed 35 to
3 a 9 relationship
4 positive 9 relationship
5 bi 6 -
5 bi 9 relationship
7 phasic 9 relationship
8 linear 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
9 relationship 16 and
10 between 11 ln
11 ln 13 insulin
12 ( 13 insulin
13 insulin 14 )
15 levels 16 and
16 and 17 nonfasted
16 and 30 insulin
16 and 31 onwards
17 nonfasted 18 glucose
17 nonfasted 19 with
17 nonfasted 23 from
19 with 22 slope
20 a 22 slope
21 steeper 22 slope
23 from 24 10.7mu
24 10.7mu 25 l
24 10.7mu 28 1
26 ( 28 1
27 - 28 1
28 1 29 )
32 in 33 controls
33 controls 34 compared
35 to 36 offspring
36 offspring 39 =
37 ( 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.02
39 = 41 )

during the clamp study , higher glucose infusion [rate] was required to maintain euglycemia during high - dose insulin infusion ( p = 0.036 ) in offspring , reflecting higher whole - body insulin sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 infusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 required
1 during 4 study
1 during 5 ,
1 during 8 infusion
2 the 4 study
3 clamp 4 study
6 higher 7 glucose
7 glucose 8 infusion
8 infusion 10 was
10 was 11 required
11 required 12 to
12 to 13 maintain
13 maintain 14 euglycemia
13 maintain 15 during
13 maintain 26 in
13 maintain 29 reflecting
15 during 20 infusion
16 high 17 -
16 high 18 dose
18 dose 19 insulin
19 insulin 20 infusion
20 infusion 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.036
23 = 25 )
26 in 27 offspring
28 , 29 reflecting
29 reflecting 35 sensitivity
29 reflecting 36 .
30 higher 33 body
31 whole 32 -
31 whole 33 body
33 body 35 sensitivity
34 insulin 35 sensitivity

after adjustment for sex , age , and fat mass , the insulin - mediated glucose disposal rate ( gdr ) was higher in offspring than controls [(] 42.5 ± 2.7 vs [.] 33.2 ± 2.7 micromol [kg] ( - 1 ) [min] ( - 1 [ )(, mean ± se , p = 0.025 ) . 
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 8 and
3 for 4 sex
3 for 5 ,
3 for 8 and
6 age 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 mass
8 and 11 ,
8 and 13 insulin
8 and 15 mediated
9 fat 10 mass
11 , 13 insulin
12 the 13 insulin
13 insulin 14 -
15 mediated 16 glucose
15 mediated 23 higher
15 mediated 24 in
15 mediated 26 than
16 glucose 18 rate
16 glucose 22 was
17 disposal 18 rate
18 rate 20 gdr
18 rate 22 was
19 ( 20 gdr
20 gdr 21 )
24 in 25 offspring
26 than 30 ±
27 controls 30 ±
29 42.5 30 ±
30 ± 31 2.7
30 ± 32 vs
32 vs 37 micromol
34 33.2 37 micromol
35 ± 37 micromol
36 2.7 37 micromol
37 micromol 41 1
37 micromol 46 1
39 ( 41 1
40 - 41 1
41 1 42 )
44 ( 46 1
45 - 46 1
46 1 51 se
46 1 57 .
48 )(, 51 se
49 mean 50 ±
50 ± 51 se
51 se 54 =
51 se 57 .
52 , 54 =
53 p 54 =
54 = 55 0.025
54 = 56 )

the insulin - mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production and lipolysis did not differ between groups ( [all] p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insulin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 insulin
3 - 10 and
3 - 23 .
4 mediated 5 suppression
4 mediated 10 and
5 suppression 6 of
6 of 9 production
7 endogenous 8 glucose
8 glucose 9 production
10 and 14 differ
11 lipolysis 12 did
12 did 13 not
12 did 14 differ
14 differ 15 between
15 between 16 groups
16 groups 20 >
17 ( 20 >
19 p 20 >
20 > 21 0.05
20 > 22 )

furthermore , gdr was significantly correlated with the mean age of death of the parents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gdr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 gdr
3 gdr 4 was
4 was 6 correlated
5 significantly 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
7 with 10 age
8 the 10 age
9 mean 10 age
10 age 11 of
11 of 12 death
12 death 13 of
13 of 15 parents
14 the 15 parents

in conclusion , offspring from long - [lived] siblings are marked by enhanced peripheral glucose disposal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 offspring
3 , 11 marked
4 offspring 5 from
4 offspring 10 are
5 from 9 siblings
6 long 7 -
6 long 9 siblings
10 are 11 marked
11 marked 12 by
12 by 16 disposal
13 enhanced 15 glucose
14 peripheral 15 glucose
15 glucose 16 disposal

future research will focus on identifying the underlying biomolecular mechanisms , with the aim to promote health in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focus
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 will
3 will 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
4 focus 10 mechanisms
4 focus 12 with
5 on 6 identifying
6 identifying 8 underlying
7 the 8 underlying
9 biomolecular 10 mechanisms
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 aim
12 with 21 .
13 the 14 aim
14 aim 15 to
14 aim 16 promote
15 to 16 promote
16 promote 17 health
16 promote 18 in
18 in 20 age
19 old 20 age

[none] background : patient - reported outcomes ( pros ) are important assessment benchmarks after aesthetic procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
3 : 7 outcomes
3 : 11 are
4 patient 5 -
4 patient 7 outcomes
6 reported 7 outcomes
7 outcomes 9 pros
7 outcomes 11 are
8 ( 9 pros
9 pros 10 )
11 are 14 benchmarks
12 important 13 assessment
13 assessment 14 benchmarks
14 benchmarks 15 after
15 after 17 procedures
16 aesthetic 17 procedures

systematic studies of pros have not been conducted in the lower face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 systematic 2 studies
2 studies 3 of
2 studies 5 have
3 of 4 pros
5 have 6 not
5 have 7 been
7 been 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 in
9 in 12 face
10 the 12 face
11 lower 12 face

objective : to study satisfaction and other pros after treatment of the lower face with onabotulinumtoxina and a 24 [-] mg/ml smooth , cohesive hyaluronic acid ( ha ) gel filler , [alone] or [in] combination . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 study
3 to 4 study
4 study 34 or
5 satisfaction 6 and
6 and 8 pros
6 and 17 and
7 other 8 pros
8 pros 9 after
9 after 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 of
11 of 14 face
12 the 14 face
13 lower 14 face
14 face 15 with
15 with 16 onabotulinumtoxina
17 and 31 filler
17 and 34 or
18 a 31 filler
19 24 21 mg/ml
21 mg/ml 31 filler
22 smooth 26 acid
22 smooth 30 gel
23 , 26 acid
24 cohesive 26 acid
25 hyaluronic 26 acid
26 acid 28 ha
26 acid 29 )
27 ( 28 ha
28 ha 29 )
30 gel 31 filler
32 , 34 or
34 or 36 combination

effectiveness outcomes [were] [investigator] - and participant - rated satisfaction and the participant self - perception of age ( spa ) and participant - rated look and feel of the lips and mouth ( laf ) questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 effectiveness 2 outcomes
2 outcomes 6 and
5 - 6 and
6 and 7 participant
6 and 11 and
6 and 22 and
8 - 11 and
9 rated 10 satisfaction
10 satisfaction 11 and
11 and 14 self
11 and 16 perception
11 and 21 )
12 the 13 participant
13 participant 14 self
15 - 16 perception
16 perception 17 of
16 perception 21 )
17 of 20 spa
18 age 20 spa
19 ( 20 spa
22 and 23 participant
22 and 24 -
22 and 25 rated
25 rated 32 and
26 look 27 and
27 and 28 feel
27 and 29 of
27 and 32 and
29 of 31 lips
30 the 31 lips
32 and 37 questionnaires
33 mouth 35 laf
34 ( 35 laf
35 laf 36 )
35 laf 37 questionnaires

participants maintained a 14 [-] day diary to record severity of treatment site responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 participants 2 maintained
2 maintained 7 diary
2 maintained 8 to
3 a 7 diary
4 14 6 day
6 day 7 diary
8 to 9 record
9 record 10 severity
10 severity 11 of
11 of 14 responses
12 treatment 14 responses
13 site 14 responses

results : all treatments resulted in significant improvements from baseline at all end points and on all pro measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 treatments
2 : 5 resulted
3 all 4 treatments
4 treatments 5 resulted
5 resulted 6 in
6 in 8 improvements
7 significant 8 improvements
8 improvements 9 from
9 from 10 baseline
10 baseline 15 and
11 at 14 points
11 at 15 and
12 all 14 points
13 end 14 points
15 and 16 on
16 on 19 measures
17 all 19 measures
18 pro 19 measures

for all measures and most time points , the 24 - [mg/ml] cohesive gel treatment groups experienced greater improvements than onabotulinumtoxina alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 4 and
1 for 15 treatment
2 all 3 measures
3 measures 4 and
4 and 5 most
4 and 6 time
4 and 7 points
4 and 10 24
6 time 7 points
8 , 10 24
9 the 10 24
10 24 11 -
13 cohesive 14 gel
14 gel 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 groups
16 groups 19 improvements
16 groups 20 than
16 groups 22 alone
17 experienced 19 improvements
18 greater 19 improvements
20 than 21 onabotulinumtoxina

participant - rated severity of treatment - related reactions was mainly mild and transient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 participant 4 severity
1 participant 10 was
2 - 4 severity
3 rated 4 severity
4 severity 5 of
4 severity 7 -
5 of 6 treatment
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 reactions
8 related 10 was
10 was 11 mainly
10 was 13 and
12 mild 13 and
13 and 14 transient

conclusion : onabotulinumtoxina and 24 [-] mg/ml cohesive ha gel treatments , used alone or [in] combination for lower face rejuvenation , [resulted] in significant improvement [in] [investigator] - and participant - reported outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 15 or
2 : 18 for
3 onabotulinumtoxina 4 and
4 and 11 treatments
4 and 12 ,
4 and 13 used
4 and 15 or
5 24 7 mg/ml
7 mg/ml 11 treatments
8 cohesive 11 treatments
9 ha 10 gel
10 gel 11 treatments
13 used 14 alone
15 or 17 combination
18 for 21 rejuvenation
19 lower 21 rejuvenation
20 face 21 rejuvenation
21 rejuvenation 24 in
22 , 24 in
24 in 30 and
24 in 32 -
25 significant 26 improvement
26 improvement 30 and
29 - 30 and
30 and 31 participant
30 and 32 -
32 - 33 reported
33 reported 34 outcomes

background : although studies show that botulinum toxin type a ( bonta ) can positively influence one 's first impression , little research has been conducted to measure the effect that bonta has on mental well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 9 type
2 : 16 influence
2 : 21 ,
2 : 28 measure
2 : 37 -
3 although 4 studies
3 although 5 show
3 although 9 type
4 studies 5 show
5 show 8 toxin
6 that 8 toxin
7 botulinum 8 toxin
9 type 10 a
9 type 12 bonta
9 type 14 can
11 ( 12 bonta
12 bonta 13 )
14 can 16 influence
15 positively 16 influence
16 influence 20 impression
17 one 18 's
18 's 19 first
18 's 20 impression
21 , 23 research
21 , 26 conducted
22 little 23 research
23 research 24 has
24 has 25 been
25 been 26 conducted
26 conducted 27 to
27 to 28 measure
28 measure 30 effect
28 measure 34 on
29 the 30 effect
30 effect 32 bonta
30 effect 33 has
31 that 32 bonta
32 bonta 33 has
34 on 36 well
35 mental 36 well
37 - 38 being

objective : to determine the effects [that] bonta injections for the treatment of facial wrinkles had on quality of life ( qol ) and self - esteem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 26 -
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 8 bonta
4 determine 17 on
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 8 bonta
8 bonta 9 injections
8 bonta 16 had
9 injections 10 for
9 injections 16 had
10 for 12 treatment
11 the 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 of
13 of 15 wrinkles
14 facial 15 wrinkles
17 on 24 and
18 quality 19 of
18 quality 24 and
19 of 20 life
20 life 22 qol
21 ( 22 qol
22 qol 23 )
24 and 25 self
26 - 27 esteem
26 - 28 .

methods and materials : one hundred participants received treatment with bonta or placebo saline in this double - blind randomized placebo - controlled survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 materials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 materials
4 : 7 participants
4 : 8 received
4 : 18 -
4 : 22 -
5 one 6 hundred
6 hundred 7 participants
7 participants 8 received
8 received 9 treatment
8 received 10 with
10 with 12 or
11 bonta 12 or
12 or 14 saline
12 or 15 in
13 placebo 14 saline
15 in 17 double
16 this 17 double
18 - 21 placebo
19 blind 21 placebo
20 randomized 21 placebo
22 - 24 survey
23 controlled 24 survey

all participants completed a health outcomes survey consisting of quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire - short form and heatherton and polivy state self - esteem measurements before injection and 2 weeks and 3 months after injection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 all 2 participants
2 participants 3 completed
3 completed 14 and
4 a 5 health
4 a 14 and
5 health 6 outcomes
6 outcomes 7 survey
7 survey 8 consisting
8 consisting 9 of
9 of 10 quality
10 quality 11 of
11 of 12 life
13 enjoyment 14 and
14 and 16 questionnaire
15 satisfaction 16 questionnaire
17 - 22 and
17 - 27 esteem
18 short 19 form
19 form 20 and
20 and 21 heatherton
21 heatherton 22 and
22 and 25 self
22 and 26 -
22 and 27 esteem
23 polivy 24 state
24 state 25 self
27 esteem 28 measurements
27 esteem 29 before
27 esteem 37 after
29 before 34 and
30 injection 31 and
31 and 33 weeks
31 and 34 and
32 2 33 weeks
34 and 36 months
35 3 36 months
37 after 38 injection

results : statistically significant improvements ( p<.05 ) in participants treated with bonta [were] observed in answers to qol questions regarding physical health , mood , household activities , overall life satisfaction , body satisfaction , self - consciousness , intellect , self - worth , appearance , comprehension , weight satisfaction , attractiveness , and sense of well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 statistically
2 : 5 improvements
2 : 9 in
4 significant 5 improvements
5 improvements 7 p<.05
6 ( 7 p<.05
7 p<.05 8 )
9 in 10 participants
10 participants 11 treated
10 participants 12 with
10 participants 16 in
12 with 13 bonta
13 bonta 15 observed
16 in 17 answers
17 answers 18 to
17 answers 21 regarding
18 to 20 questions
19 qol 20 questions
21 regarding 23 health
22 physical 23 health
24 , 25 mood
24 , 26 ,
26 , 28 activities
26 , 29 ,
27 household 28 activities
29 , 32 satisfaction
29 , 33 ,
30 overall 31 life
31 life 32 satisfaction
33 , 35 satisfaction
33 , 36 ,
34 body 35 satisfaction
36 , 37 self
36 , 38 -
38 - 39 consciousness
38 - 42 ,
39 consciousness 41 intellect
40 , 41 intellect
41 intellect 42 ,
42 , 43 self
42 , 44 -
44 - 61 being
45 worth 46 ,
46 , 47 appearance
46 , 48 ,
48 , 49 comprehension
48 , 50 ,
50 , 52 satisfaction
50 , 53 ,
51 weight 52 satisfaction
53 , 54 attractiveness
53 , 56 and
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 sense
56 and 60 -
56 and 61 being
57 sense 58 of
58 of 59 well

increases in overall self [-] esteem and appearance - , social [-] , and performance - related self - esteem were observed in participants treated with bonta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 increases 2 in
1 increases 10 ,
2 in 7 and
3 overall 4 self
4 self 6 esteem
6 esteem 7 and
7 and 8 appearance
7 and 9 -
10 , 11 social
10 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 performance
16 - 18 self
16 - 19 -
17 related 18 self
19 - 20 esteem
19 - 22 observed
19 - 28 .
20 esteem 21 were
21 were 22 observed
22 observed 23 in
22 observed 26 with
23 in 24 participants
24 participants 25 treated
26 with 27 bonta

conclusion : our findings showed that bonta injections result in improvements in qol and self - esteem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 showed
2 : 16 -
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 injections
6 that 9 result
7 bonta 8 injections
8 injections 9 result
9 result 10 in
10 in 14 and
11 improvements 12 in
11 improvements 14 and
12 in 13 qol
14 and 15 self
16 - 17 esteem

in addition , bonta - naïve participants demonstrate greater improvements in qol and self - esteem than participants previously exposed to bonta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 7 participants
2 addition 4 bonta
3 , 4 bonta
4 bonta 5 -
6 naïve 7 participants
7 participants 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 10 improvements
8 demonstrate 11 in
8 demonstrate 17 than
9 greater 10 improvements
11 in 16 esteem
12 qol 13 and
13 and 14 self
13 and 15 -
13 and 16 esteem
17 than 18 participants
17 than 21 to
18 participants 20 exposed
19 previously 20 exposed
21 to 22 bonta

moreover , bonta - familiar participants demonstrated sustained improvement in qol and self - esteem relative to bonta - naïve participants , even when injected [with] [placebo] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 moreover 6 participants
2 , 3 bonta
3 bonta 4 -
3 bonta 6 participants
5 familiar 6 participants
6 participants 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 12 and
7 demonstrated 23 even
8 sustained 9 improvement
9 improvement 10 in
9 improvement 12 and
10 in 11 qol
12 and 13 self
12 and 15 esteem
12 and 23 even
14 - 15 esteem
15 esteem 16 relative
15 esteem 21 participants
15 esteem 22 ,
16 relative 17 to
17 to 18 bonta
19 - 21 participants
20 naïve 21 participants
21 participants 22 ,
23 even 24 when
24 when 25 injected

what is known and objective : the efficacy of sibutramine has been demonstrated in randomized trials in obese/overweight patients including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 what 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 4 and
4 and 5 objective
6 : 8 efficacy
6 : 13 demonstrated
6 : 30 .
7 the 8 efficacy
8 efficacy 9 of
8 efficacy 11 has
9 of 10 sibutramine
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 demonstrated
13 demonstrated 14 in
13 demonstrated 17 in
14 in 16 trials
15 randomized 16 trials
17 in 19 patients
18 obese/overweight 19 patients
19 patients 20 including
20 including 21 those
20 including 22 with
22 with 23 type
22 with 26 mellitus
23 type 24 2
25 diabetes 26 mellitus
26 mellitus 28 t2dm
27 ( 28 t2dm
28 t2dm 29 )

our objective was to evaluate the effects of 1 - year treatment with sibutramine compared to placebo [on] body weight , glycaemic control , lipid profile , and inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetic patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 objective
2 objective 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 evaluate
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 35 patients
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 28 and
8 of 9 1
9 1 12 treatment
10 - 12 treatment
11 year 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 with
12 treatment 15 compared
12 treatment 26 profile
12 treatment 27 ,
13 with 14 sibutramine
15 compared 16 to
16 to 20 weight
17 placebo 19 body
19 body 20 weight
20 weight 23 control
21 , 23 control
22 glycaemic 23 control
23 control 24 ,
24 , 26 profile
25 lipid 26 profile
26 profile 27 ,
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 parameters
28 and 31 in
28 and 35 patients
29 inflammatory 30 parameters
31 in 32 type
32 type 33 2
34 diabetic 35 patients

methods : two hundred and forty - six patients with uncontrolled t2dm [ glycated haemoglobin ( hba ( 1c ) ) [>] 8·0 % ] in therapy with different oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin were randomized to take 10 mg of sibutramine or placebo for 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 take
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 forty
2 : 26 in
2 : 28 with
3 two 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 forty
6 forty 9 patients
7 - 9 patients
8 six 9 patients
9 patients 10 with
9 patients 25 ]
10 with 24 %
11 uncontrolled 23 8·0
12 t2dm 15 haemoglobin
12 t2dm 23 8·0
13 [ 15 haemoglobin
14 glycated 15 haemoglobin
15 haemoglobin 17 hba
15 haemoglobin 21 )
16 ( 17 hba
17 hba 19 1c
17 hba 21 )
18 ( 19 1c
19 1c 20 )
23 8·0 24 %
26 in 27 therapy
28 with 32 agents
29 different 32 agents
30 oral 32 agents
31 hypoglycaemic 32 agents
33 or 34 insulin
33 or 36 randomized
34 insulin 35 were
35 were 36 randomized
36 randomized 37 to
37 to 38 take
38 take 40 mg
38 take 45 for
39 10 40 mg
40 mg 41 of
41 of 43 or
42 sibutramine 43 or
43 or 44 placebo
45 for 47 months
46 12 47 months

results and discussion : we observed a decrease of body weight after 9 and 12 months in the group treated with sibutramine , but not in the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 discussion
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 observed
5 we 6 observed
6 observed 8 decrease
6 observed 12 after
7 a 8 decrease
8 decrease 9 of
9 of 11 weight
10 body 11 weight
12 after 14 and
13 9 14 and
14 and 15 12
15 12 16 months
16 months 24 but
16 months 29 group
17 in 19 group
17 in 24 but
18 the 19 group
19 group 20 treated
20 treated 21 with
21 with 22 sibutramine
23 , 24 but
24 but 25 not
24 but 26 in
26 in 28 control
27 the 28 control

regarding glycaemic and lipid profile , although there are differences seen over time within each of the groups , we did not obtain any significant differences between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 obtain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 regarding 3 and
1 regarding 7 although
1 regarding 19 ,
1 regarding 20 we
2 glycaemic 3 and
3 and 5 profile
4 lipid 5 profile
6 , 7 although
7 although 8 there
7 although 9 are
7 although 19 ,
8 there 9 are
9 are 10 differences
10 differences 11 seen
10 differences 14 within
11 seen 12 over
12 over 13 time
14 within 18 groups
15 each 16 of
15 each 18 groups
16 of 18 groups
17 the 18 groups
20 we 21 did
21 did 22 not
21 did 23 obtain
23 obtain 26 differences
23 obtain 27 between
24 any 26 differences
25 significant 26 differences
27 between 30 groups
28 the 29 two
29 two 30 groups

both [placebo] and sibutramine gave a similar improvement of homa - ir , leptin , tnf - α , adn , and hs - crp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 gave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 both 3 and
3 and 4 sibutramine
3 and 5 gave
5 gave 8 improvement
6 a 8 improvement
7 similar 8 improvement
8 improvement 9 of
9 of 10 homa
10 homa 12 ir
11 - 12 ir
12 ir 14 leptin
12 ir 15 ,
13 , 14 leptin
14 leptin 15 ,
15 , 22 and
16 tnf 18 α
16 tnf 22 and
17 - 18 α
18 α 20 adn
18 α 21 ,
19 , 20 adn
20 adn 21 ,
22 and 25 crp
23 hs 25 crp
24 - 25 crp

no vaspin variations were observed in either group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 no 3 variations
2 vaspin 3 variations
3 variations 4 were
4 were 5 observed
5 observed 6 in
6 in 8 group
7 either 8 group

what is new and conclusion : sibutramine resulted in a decrease in body weight at 9 months and at 12 months that was not observed with [placebo] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 what 2 is
2 is 3 new
3 new 4 and
4 and 5 conclusion
6 : 7 sibutramine
6 : 8 resulted
6 : 28 .
7 sibutramine 8 resulted
8 resulted 9 in
8 resulted 12 in
9 in 11 decrease
10 a 11 decrease
12 in 14 weight
13 body 14 weight
14 weight 18 and
15 at 17 months
15 at 18 and
16 9 17 months
18 and 19 at
19 at 21 months
20 12 21 months
21 months 22 that
21 months 26 with
22 that 23 was
23 was 24 not
23 was 25 observed
25 observed 26 with

although there were differences seen over time within each of the groups , there were no significant differences between groups for any other parameter that we measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 were
1 although 14 there
2 there 3 were
3 were 4 differences
5 seen 6 over
5 seen 8 within
5 seen 13 ,
5 seen 14 there
6 over 7 time
8 within 12 groups
9 each 10 of
9 each 12 groups
10 of 12 groups
11 the 12 groups
14 there 15 were
15 were 18 differences
16 no 18 differences
17 significant 18 differences
18 differences 19 between
18 differences 21 for
19 between 20 groups
21 for 24 parameter
22 any 23 other
23 other 24 parameter
24 parameter 25 that
24 parameter 27 measured
25 that 26 we
25 that 27 measured
26 we 27 measured

objective and background : amitriptyline is one of the most commonly used medications in migraine prophylaxis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 objective 2 and
2 and 3 background
4 : 5 amitriptyline
4 : 6 is
4 : 17 .
5 amitriptyline 6 is
6 is 7 one
7 one 8 of
8 of 13 medications
9 the 10 most
10 most 13 medications
11 commonly 12 used
12 used 13 medications
13 medications 14 in
14 in 16 prophylaxis
15 migraine 16 prophylaxis

there have been relatively few placebo [-] controlled studies of amitriptyline in migraine prophylaxis or in treatment of chronic daily headache ( cdh ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 there 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 9 studies
4 relatively 5 few
5 few 9 studies
6 placebo 8 controlled
8 controlled 9 studies
9 studies 10 of
10 of 11 amitriptyline
11 amitriptyline 15 or
11 amitriptyline 18 of
12 in 14 prophylaxis
12 in 15 or
13 migraine 14 prophylaxis
15 or 16 in
16 in 17 treatment
18 of 21 headache
19 chronic 21 headache
20 daily 21 headache
21 headache 23 cdh
22 ( 23 cdh
23 cdh 24 )

this report deals with a large placebo [-] controlled trial of amitriptyline vs placebo [of] 20 weeks duration that included subjects [with] intermittent migraine ( im ) as well as cdh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 deals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 report
2 report 3 deals
3 deals 4 with
3 deals 24 migraine
3 deals 30 as
4 with 10 trial
5 a 10 trial
6 large 7 placebo
7 placebo 10 trial
9 controlled 10 trial
10 trial 11 of
11 of 12 amitriptyline
12 amitriptyline 13 vs
13 vs 18 duration
14 placebo 18 duration
16 20 17 weeks
17 weeks 18 duration
19 that 24 migraine
20 included 21 subjects
21 subjects 24 migraine
23 intermittent 24 migraine
24 migraine 26 im
25 ( 26 im
26 im 27 )
28 as 29 well
29 well 30 as
30 as 31 cdh

the study was carried out between 1976 and 1979 ; however , results have never been fully reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 carried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 carried
4 carried 5 out
4 carried 6 between
6 between 8 and
7 1976 8 and
8 and 9 1979
10 ; 13 results
10 ; 18 reported
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 results
13 results 14 have
14 have 16 been
15 never 16 been
16 been 17 fully
16 been 18 reported

methods : patients with a history [of] migraine as defined by the 1962 ad hoc committee report were recruited for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 19 recruited
2 : 23 .
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 11 by
3 patients 18 were
4 with 8 migraine
5 a 6 history
5 a 8 migraine
6 history 8 migraine
8 migraine 10 defined
9 as 10 defined
11 by 17 report
12 the 17 report
13 1962 17 report
14 ad 15 hoc
15 hoc 16 committee
16 committee 17 report
18 were 19 recruited
19 recruited 20 for
20 for 22 study
21 this 22 study

subjects had at least 2 headaches per month , and no limit was placed on the number of headaches per month that could be experienced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 subjects 2 had
2 had 6 headaches
3 at 4 least
4 least 5 2
5 2 6 headaches
6 headaches 7 per
7 per 8 month
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 limit
10 and 14 placed
11 no 12 limit
12 limit 13 was
13 was 14 placed
14 placed 15 on
15 on 19 headaches
16 the 17 number
17 number 18 of
17 number 19 headaches
18 of 19 headaches
19 headaches 20 per
19 headaches 22 that
19 headaches 23 could
20 per 21 month
22 that 23 could
23 could 24 be
24 be 25 experienced

the study format included a 4 [-] week baseline period ( period a ) in which all subjects received [placebo] in a dose of 2 pills per day for one week , 3 pills per day for one week and then 4 pills per day for 2 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 format
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 format
2 study 3 format
3 format 4 included
4 included 40 and
5 a 10 period
6 4 8 week
8 week 10 period
9 baseline 10 period
10 period 12 period
10 period 15 in
10 period 24 of
10 period 32 ,
11 ( 12 period
12 period 13 a
12 period 14 )
15 in 16 which
15 in 18 subjects
15 in 19 received
17 all 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 received
19 received 21 in
21 in 23 dose
22 a 23 dose
24 of 26 pills
25 2 26 pills
26 pills 27 per
26 pills 29 for
27 per 28 day
29 for 31 week
30 one 31 week
32 , 34 pills
32 , 40 and
33 3 34 pills
34 pills 35 per
34 pills 37 for
35 per 36 day
37 for 39 week
38 one 39 week
40 and 41 then
40 and 43 pills
42 4 43 pills
43 pills 44 per
43 pills 46 for
44 per 45 day
46 for 48 weeks
47 2 48 weeks

subjects with at least 2 migraine headaches in this period were then entered into period b and randomized into either amitriptyline or placebo tracks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 subjects 2 with
1 subjects 11 were
2 with 7 headaches
3 at 4 least
4 least 5 2
5 2 7 headaches
6 migraine 7 headaches
7 headaches 8 in
8 in 10 period
9 this 10 period
11 were 17 and
12 then 13 entered
13 entered 14 into
13 entered 17 and
14 into 15 period
15 period 16 b
17 and 18 randomized
17 and 19 into
19 into 22 or
20 either 21 amitriptyline
21 amitriptyline 22 or
22 or 24 tracks
23 placebo 24 tracks

medication consisted of identical tablets containing either 25 mg amitriptyline or placebo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 medication
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 medication 2 consisted
2 consisted 3 of
3 of 11 or
4 identical 5 tablets
5 tablets 6 containing
5 tablets 11 or
6 containing 10 amitriptyline
7 either 10 amitriptyline
8 25 9 mg
9 mg 10 amitriptyline
11 or 12 placebo

period b was 4 weeks in duration with dose titration identical to period a . the dose could be reduced if necessary to reduce side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 period
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 period 2 b
1 period 3 was
3 was 5 weeks
3 was 6 in
3 was 8 with
4 4 5 weeks
6 in 7 duration
8 with 10 titration
9 dose 10 titration
10 titration 11 identical
11 identical 12 to
12 to 13 period
13 period 14 a
15 . 17 dose
15 . 20 reduced
16 the 17 dose
17 dose 18 could
18 could 19 be
19 be 20 reduced
20 reduced 22 necessary
20 reduced 23 to
21 if 22 necessary
23 to 24 reduce
24 reduce 26 effects
25 side 26 effects

the minimum dose was one pill per day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 dose
2 minimum 3 dose
3 dose 4 was
4 was 6 pill
5 one 6 pill
6 pill 7 per
7 per 8 day

period c was a 12 [-] week maintenance or stabilization period in which the patient continued the dose established by [week] 8 with visits at weeks 12 , 16 , [and] 20 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 period
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 period 2 c
1 period 3 was
3 was 8 maintenance
4 a 8 maintenance
5 12 7 week
7 week 8 maintenance
9 or 11 period
9 or 19 established
10 stabilization 11 period
11 period 12 in
11 period 19 established
12 in 13 which
12 in 15 patient
12 in 16 continued
14 the 15 patient
15 patient 16 continued
16 continued 18 dose
17 the 18 dose
19 established 20 by
19 established 23 with
19 established 32 20
20 by 22 8
23 with 24 visits
24 visits 25 at
24 visits 29 16
25 at 26 weeks
26 weeks 27 12
28 , 29 16
29 16 30 ,

patients kept a headache calendar that was used for data [collection] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 kept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 patients 2 kept
2 kept 5 calendar
3 a 4 headache
3 a 5 calendar
4 headache 5 calendar
5 calendar 6 that
5 calendar 7 was
6 that 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 for
9 for 10 data

headache frequency [(] per month [ )(, severity , and duration ( hours ) were the primary measurement parameters employed for data analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 headache 2 frequency
2 frequency 4 per
2 frequency 7 )(,
4 per 5 month
7 )(, 8 severity
7 )(, 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 duration
10 and 13 hours
10 and 15 were
12 ( 13 hours
13 hours 14 )
15 were 19 parameters
16 the 19 parameters
17 primary 18 measurement
18 measurement 19 parameters
19 parameters 20 employed
19 parameters 21 for
21 for 23 analysis
22 data 23 analysis

results : for the entire group , 391 subjects were entered into period a , 338 were randomized into period b , 317 ( 81 % ) [subjects] completed the first post - randomization visit ( 8 weeks ) , 255 ( 65 % ) completed [week] 12 , 210 ( 54 % ) completed [week] 16 , and 186 ( 48 % ) completed [week] [20] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 6 group
4 the 6 group
5 entire 6 group
7 , 9 subjects
7 , 11 entered
7 , 15 ,
8 391 9 subjects
9 subjects 10 were
10 were 11 entered
11 entered 12 into
12 into 13 period
13 period 14 a
15 , 16 338
15 , 18 randomized
15 , 22 ,
16 338 17 were
17 were 18 randomized
18 randomized 19 into
19 into 20 period
20 period 21 b
22 , 23 317
22 , 29 completed
22 , 33 -
23 317 26 %
23 317 29 completed
24 ( 26 %
25 81 26 %
26 % 27 )
29 completed 32 post
30 the 31 first
30 the 32 post
33 - 35 visit
33 - 40 ,
34 randomization 35 visit
35 visit 38 weeks
36 ( 38 weeks
37 8 38 weeks
38 weeks 39 )
40 , 41 255
40 , 46 completed
40 , 49 ,
41 255 44 %
41 255 46 completed
42 ( 44 %
43 65 44 %
44 % 45 )
46 completed 48 12
49 , 50 210
49 , 55 completed
49 , 59 and
50 210 53 %
50 210 55 completed
51 ( 53 %
52 54 53 %
53 % 54 )
55 completed 57 16
58 , 59 and
59 and 60 186
60 186 63 %
60 186 65 completed
61 ( 63 %
62 48 63 %
63 % 64 )
65 completed 68 .

using headache frequency and evaluating parameters of [(] [a] [ )(improvement , ( [b] [ )(no change , or [(] [c] ) worsening relative to baseline , there was a significant improvement in headache frequency for amitriptyline over placebo at 8 weeks ( p = [.] 018 ) but not at 12 , 16 [,] or 20 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 using 2 headache
2 headache 3 frequency
3 frequency 4 and
4 and 6 parameters
5 evaluating 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 of
7 of 11 )(improvement
12 , 17 change
12 , 19 or
13 ( 16 )(no
16 )(no 17 change
18 , 19 or
19 or 22 )
19 or 28 there
23 worsening 24 relative
23 worsening 25 to
23 worsening 27 ,
23 worsening 28 there
25 to 26 baseline
28 there 29 was
29 was 32 improvement
29 was 38 over
30 a 31 significant
30 a 32 improvement
31 significant 32 improvement
32 improvement 33 in
33 in 35 frequency
34 headache 35 frequency
35 frequency 36 for
36 for 37 amitriptyline
38 over 39 placebo
39 placebo 49 but
40 at 42 weeks
40 at 49 but
41 8 42 weeks
42 weeks 45 =
43 ( 45 =
44 p 45 =
45 = 47 018
45 = 48 )
49 but 50 not
49 but 51 at
51 at 52 12
52 12 58 weeks
53 , 58 weeks
54 16 56 or
56 or 57 20
56 or 58 weeks
58 weeks 59 .

there were no significant differences in headache severity or duration between amitriptyline and placebo groups [at] anytime during the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 5 differences
2 were 6 in
2 were 11 between
2 were 17 anytime
2 were 18 during
3 no 5 differences
4 significant 5 differences
6 in 9 or
7 headache 8 severity
8 severity 9 or
9 or 10 duration
11 between 13 and
12 amitriptyline 13 and
13 and 15 groups
14 placebo 15 groups
18 during 20 study
19 the 20 study

within the study sample , there were 36 amitriptyline and 22 placebo subjects who had headaches ≥ 17 days / [month] that fit the current definition of cdh by the silberstein - lipton criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
1 within 4 sample
1 within 5 ,
1 within 6 there
2 the 4 sample
3 study 4 sample
6 there 7 were
7 were 10 and
7 were 29 by
8 36 10 and
9 amitriptyline 10 and
10 and 13 subjects
10 and 14 who
10 and 15 had
11 22 13 subjects
12 placebo 13 subjects
14 who 15 had
15 had 16 headaches
15 had 17 ≥
17 ≥ 20 /
18 17 19 days
19 days 20 /
20 / 22 that
20 / 23 fit
20 / 27 of
22 that 23 fit
23 fit 26 definition
24 the 26 definition
25 current 26 definition
27 of 28 cdh
29 by 31 silberstein
30 the 31 silberstein
31 silberstein 34 criteria
32 - 34 criteria
33 lipton 34 criteria
34 criteria 35 .

these were analyzed separately as a subgroup for comparison of amitriptyline vs placebo using [a] metric [of] ( 1 ) no change or worsening [;] ( 2 ) up to a 50 % improvement [;] [and] ( 3 ) ≥ 50 % improvement in headache frequency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 up
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 these 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 separately
3 analyzed 5 as
3 analyzed 8 for
5 as 7 subgroup
6 a 7 subgroup
8 for 23 or
9 comparison 10 of
9 comparison 23 or
10 of 11 amitriptyline
11 amitriptyline 12 vs
12 vs 22 change
13 placebo 22 change
14 using 22 change
16 metric 19 1
16 metric 22 change
18 ( 19 1
19 1 20 )
21 no 22 change
23 or 24 worsening
23 or 27 2
23 or 29 up
26 ( 27 2
27 2 28 )
29 up 30 to
29 up 43 improvement
29 up 44 in
30 to 34 improvement
31 a 34 improvement
32 50 33 %
33 % 34 improvement
34 improvement 38 3
37 ( 38 3
38 3 39 )
40 ≥ 43 improvement
41 50 42 %
42 % 43 improvement
44 in 46 frequency
45 headache 46 frequency

amitriptyline was superior to [placebo] [in] number with improvement in frequency of ≥ 50 % at 8 weeks ( 25 % vs 5 % [ p = [.] 031 ] ) and at 16 weeks ( 46 % vs 9 % [ p = [.] 043 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amitriptyline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 amitriptyline 2 was
2 was 3 superior
3 superior 4 to
3 superior 7 number
4 to 7 number
7 number 8 with
7 number 32 and
8 with 9 improvement
8 with 15 %
9 improvement 10 in
10 in 11 frequency
11 frequency 12 of
12 of 13 ≥
14 50 15 %
16 at 18 weeks
16 at 32 and
17 8 18 weeks
18 weeks 21 %
19 ( 21 %
20 25 21 %
21 % 22 vs
21 % 31 )
22 vs 24 %
23 5 24 %
24 % 27 =
25 [ 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 29 031
27 = 30 ]
32 and 33 at
33 at 35 weeks
34 16 35 weeks
35 weeks 38 %
36 ( 38 %
37 46 38 %
38 % 39 vs
38 % 48 )
39 vs 41 %
40 9 41 %
41 % 44 =
42 [ 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 46 043
44 = 47 ]

there was a trend for amitriptyline to be superior to [placebo] at 12 and 20 weeks but this did not reach significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 trend
3 a 4 trend
4 trend 5 for
4 trend 12 at
5 for 6 amitriptyline
6 amitriptyline 7 to
6 amitriptyline 10 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 superior
9 superior 10 to
12 at 16 weeks
13 12 14 and
14 and 15 20
14 and 16 weeks
17 but 18 this
17 but 21 reach
18 this 19 did
19 did 20 not
19 did 21 reach
21 reach 22 significance

conclusions : in this study , using headache frequency as the primary metric , for the entire group [,] amitriptyline was superior to placebo [in] migraine prophylaxis at 8 weeks but , because of a robust placebo response , not at subsequent time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 7 using
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 , 7 using
7 using 9 frequency
7 using 45 .
8 headache 9 frequency
9 frequency 10 as
9 frequency 13 metric
10 as 12 primary
11 the 12 primary
13 metric 15 for
13 metric 33 because
14 , 15 for
15 for 18 group
15 for 32 ,
16 the 18 group
17 entire 18 group
18 group 20 amitriptyline
18 group 31 but
20 amitriptyline 21 was
21 was 22 superior
22 superior 23 to
22 superior 28 at
22 superior 31 but
23 to 27 prophylaxis
24 placebo 27 prophylaxis
26 migraine 27 prophylaxis
28 at 30 weeks
29 8 30 weeks
33 because 34 of
34 of 38 response
35 a 38 response
36 robust 37 placebo
37 placebo 38 response
38 response 41 at
39 , 40 not
39 , 41 at
41 at 44 points
41 at 45 .
42 subsequent 44 points
43 time 44 points

for the subgroup with cdh , amitriptyline was statistically significantly superior to placebo [at] 8 weeks and 16 weeks with a similar but nonsignificant trend at 12 and 20 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 amitriptyline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 for 3 subgroup
1 for 6 ,
1 for 7 amitriptyline
2 the 3 subgroup
3 subgroup 4 with
4 with 5 cdh
7 amitriptyline 8 was
8 was 9 statistically
8 was 10 significantly
8 was 11 superior
11 superior 12 to
11 superior 20 with
12 to 17 and
13 placebo 16 weeks
15 8 16 weeks
16 weeks 17 and
17 and 19 weeks
18 16 19 weeks
20 with 25 trend
21 a 25 trend
22 similar 23 but
23 but 24 nonsignificant
23 but 25 trend
25 trend 26 at
26 at 30 weeks
27 12 28 and
28 and 29 20
28 and 30 weeks

compared [with] placebo amitriptyline is effective in cdh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 amitriptyline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 compared 3 placebo
3 placebo 4 amitriptyline
4 amitriptyline 5 is
5 is 6 effective
6 effective 7 in
7 in 8 cdh

amitriptyline was also significantly effective in im compared intragroup to its own baseline [;] [however] , [placebo] was equally effective in the same analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amitriptyline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 amitriptyline 16 ,
2 was 3 also
2 was 4 significantly
2 was 5 effective
2 was 16 ,
5 effective 6 in
6 in 7 im
7 im 8 compared
8 compared 9 intragroup
9 intragroup 10 to
10 to 13 baseline
11 its 12 own
11 its 13 baseline
16 , 18 was
18 was 20 effective
19 equally 20 effective
20 effective 21 in
21 in 24 analysis
22 the 23 same
23 same 24 analysis

the reason for the robust placebo response in the im group is not clear , but has been occasionally reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reason
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 reason
2 reason 3 for
2 reason 16 but
3 for 7 response
4 the 7 response
5 robust 6 placebo
6 placebo 7 response
7 response 8 in
8 in 11 group
9 the 11 group
10 im 11 group
12 is 13 not
12 is 14 clear
12 is 16 but
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 has
17 has 18 been
18 been 20 reported
19 occasionally 20 reported

objectives : to identify existing projects supported by the national institute on aging ( nia ) that may relate to the recommendations for models of care ( mocs ) presented in the 2008 institute of medicine report , retooling for an aging america : building the healthcare workforce . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
2 : 38 ,
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 6 projects
5 existing 6 projects
6 projects 7 supported
7 supported 8 by
7 supported 20 to
8 by 11 institute
9 the 11 institute
10 national 11 institute
11 institute 12 on
11 institute 17 that
11 institute 18 may
12 on 15 nia
13 aging 15 nia
14 ( 15 nia
15 nia 16 )
17 that 18 may
18 may 19 relate
20 to 22 recommendations
21 the 22 recommendations
22 recommendations 23 for
22 recommendations 30 presented
22 recommendations 35 of
23 for 24 models
24 models 25 of
25 of 26 care
26 care 28 mocs
27 ( 28 mocs
28 mocs 29 )
30 presented 31 in
31 in 34 institute
32 the 34 institute
33 2008 34 institute
35 of 37 report
36 medicine 37 report
38 , 39 retooling
38 , 44 :
39 retooling 40 for
39 retooling 44 :
40 for 43 america
41 an 43 america
42 aging 43 america
44 : 45 building
45 building 48 workforce
46 the 48 workforce
47 healthcare 48 workforce

design : cross - sectional analysis of nia 's grant portfolio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 analysis
5 sectional 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
7 of 11 portfolio
8 nia 9 's
9 's 11 portfolio
10 grant 11 portfolio

setting : nia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 nia

participants : nia grantees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 nia
2 : 4 grantees
2 : 5 .
3 nia 4 grantees

measurements : nia 's grant portfolio was queried for the period 1999 to 2008 using a variety of search terms related to mocs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 portfolio
2 : 8 queried
2 : 21 related
2 : 24 .
3 nia 4 's
4 's 6 portfolio
5 grant 6 portfolio
6 portfolio 7 was
7 was 8 queried
8 queried 9 for
8 queried 13 to
9 for 11 period
10 the 11 period
12 1999 13 to
13 to 14 2008
15 using 17 variety
15 using 21 related
16 a 17 variety
17 variety 18 of
18 of 20 terms
19 search 20 terms
21 related 22 to
22 to 23 mocs

inclusion criteria were adherence to guiding principles for mocs ( comprehensive care , efficient care , older [person] as an active partner [ )(or focus on innovative feature ( [s] [ )(of mocs ( interdisciplinary care , care management , chronic disease self - management , pharmaceutical management , preventive home visits , proactive rehabilitation , transitional care ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 inclusion 2 criteria
2 criteria 3 were
3 were 4 adherence
4 adherence 5 to
5 to 7 principles
6 guiding 7 principles
7 principles 8 for
7 principles 17 older
8 for 9 mocs
9 mocs 12 care
9 mocs 15 care
10 ( 12 care
11 comprehensive 12 care
12 care 13 ,
13 , 15 care
14 efficient 15 care
15 care 16 ,
17 older 19 as
17 older 26 on
19 as 24 )(or
20 an 22 partner
21 active 22 partner
22 partner 24 )(or
24 )(or 25 focus
26 on 38 care
27 innovative 37 ,
27 innovative 38 care
28 feature 32 )(of
29 ( 32 )(of
32 )(of 33 mocs
32 )(of 37 ,
33 mocs 36 care
34 ( 36 care
35 interdisciplinary 36 care
36 care 37 ,
38 care 48 management
39 management 43 self
39 management 45 management
40 , 43 self
41 chronic 43 self
42 disease 43 self
43 self 44 -
44 - 45 management
45 management 46 ,
46 , 48 management
47 pharmaceutical 48 management
48 management 58 care
48 management 60 .
49 , 58 care
50 preventive 56 ,
50 preventive 58 care
51 home 52 visits
52 visits 55 rehabilitation
53 , 55 rehabilitation
54 proactive 55 rehabilitation
55 rehabilitation 56 ,
57 transitional 58 care
58 care 59 )

exclusion criteria were lack of focus on an intervention and focus on informal caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 exclusion 2 criteria
2 criteria 10 and
3 were 4 lack
3 were 10 and
4 lack 5 of
5 of 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
7 on 9 intervention
8 an 9 intervention
10 and 11 focus
11 focus 12 on
12 on 14 caregivers
13 informal 14 caregivers

expert nia staff reviewed and validated projects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 staff
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 expert 2 nia
2 nia 3 staff
3 staff 5 and
4 reviewed 5 and
5 and 6 validated
5 and 7 projects

results : one hundred thirty - five grants were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 thirty
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 thirty
6 - 8 grants
6 - 10 identified
6 - 11 .
7 five 8 grants
8 grants 9 were
9 were 10 identified

these grants represent fewer than 1 % of the approximate number of grants nia has funded over this [same] period of time ( ∼24,000 grants ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 grants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 2 grants
2 grants 3 represent
3 represent 7 %
4 fewer 5 than
5 than 6 1
6 1 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 14 nia
7 % 16 funded
8 of 13 grants
9 the 11 number
10 approximate 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 13 grants
12 of 13 grants
14 nia 15 has
15 has 16 funded
16 funded 17 over
17 over 20 period
18 this 20 period
20 period 21 of
21 of 22 time
22 time 25 grants
23 ( 25 grants
24 ∼24,000 25 grants
25 grants 26 )

forty - four percent focused on components of comprehensive care [and] 34 % on active involvement of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 percent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 forty 2 -
2 - 3 four
2 - 4 percent
4 percent 5 focused
5 focused 6 on
5 focused 13 %
5 focused 14 on
6 on 7 components
7 components 8 of
8 of 10 care
9 comprehensive 10 care
12 34 13 %
14 on 16 involvement
15 active 16 involvement
16 involvement 17 of
17 of 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

approximately half specifically focused on innovative features of mocs , ranging from chronic disease [self] - management ( 32 % ) and proactive rehabilitation ( 26 % [ )(to preventive home visits ( 1 % ) and transitional care ( 1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 approximately 2 half
2 half 4 focused
3 specifically 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
5 on 7 features
6 innovative 7 features
7 features 8 of
8 of 9 mocs
10 , 37 and
11 ranging 12 from
11 ranging 22 and
12 from 14 disease
13 chronic 14 disease
14 disease 17 management
16 - 17 management
17 management 20 %
17 management 21 )
18 ( 20 %
19 32 20 %
20 % 21 )
22 and 24 rehabilitation
22 and 27 %
22 and 37 and
23 proactive 24 rehabilitation
25 ( 27 %
26 26 27 %
27 % 29 )(to
27 % 36 )
29 )(to 32 visits
30 preventive 31 home
31 home 32 visits
32 visits 35 %
33 ( 35 %
34 1 35 %
35 % 36 )
37 and 39 care
37 and 42 %
38 transitional 39 care
40 ( 42 %
41 1 42 %
42 % 43 )

the majority of projects were investigator [-] initiated grants ( 46 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 projects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 4 projects
3 of 4 projects
4 projects 5 were
5 were 9 grants
6 investigator 8 initiated
8 initiated 9 grants
9 grants 12 %
10 ( 12 %
11 46 12 %
12 % 13 )

conclusion : nia has supported the development of many interventions that include components of mocs related to recommendations from the iom report . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 nia
2 : 5 supported
3 nia 4 has
4 has 5 supported
5 supported 7 development
6 the 7 development
7 development 8 of
7 development 10 interventions
7 development 22 report
8 of 9 many
10 interventions 11 that
10 interventions 12 include
10 interventions 22 report
11 that 12 include
12 include 13 components
13 components 14 of
14 of 15 mocs
15 mocs 16 related
16 related 17 to
16 related 19 from
17 to 18 recommendations
19 from 21 iom
20 the 21 iom

the challenge for the future will be determining which of the many components of comprehensive care systems are most effective for [which] subsets of the elderly population and assessing opportunities for enhanced collaboration between public and private aging research stakeholders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 for
2 challenge 6 will
3 for 5 future
4 the 5 future
6 will 7 be
7 be 8 determining
8 determining 9 which
9 which 10 of
9 which 18 are
10 of 13 components
11 the 12 many
12 many 13 components
13 components 14 of
14 of 17 systems
15 comprehensive 17 systems
16 care 17 systems
18 are 20 effective
19 most 20 effective
20 effective 21 for
21 for 23 subsets
23 subsets 24 of
24 of 27 population
25 the 27 population
26 elderly 27 population
28 and 29 assessing
28 and 40 stakeholders
29 assessing 30 opportunities
29 assessing 40 stakeholders
30 opportunities 31 for
30 opportunities 34 between
31 for 33 collaboration
32 enhanced 33 collaboration
34 between 39 research
35 public 36 and
36 and 37 private
36 and 38 aging
38 aging 39 research

objective : the value [of] metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in childhood and adolescence and its stability into young adulthood have been questioned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 7 syndrome
2 : 11 in
3 the 7 syndrome
4 value 7 syndrome
6 metabolic 7 syndrome
7 syndrome 9 mets
8 ( 9 mets
9 mets 10 )
11 in 12 childhood
13 and 15 and
13 and 23 questioned
14 adolescence 15 and
15 and 17 stability
15 and 18 into
15 and 21 have
16 its 17 stability
18 into 20 adulthood
19 young 20 adulthood
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 questioned

this study compared the mets in late childhood ( mean age 13 ) versus a cluster score of the mets components as predictors of young [adult] ( mean age 22 ) cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 compared
3 compared 5 mets
3 compared 22 as
4 the 5 mets
5 mets 6 in
5 mets 14 versus
6 in 8 childhood
7 late 8 childhood
8 childhood 11 age
9 ( 11 age
10 mean 11 age
11 age 12 13
11 age 13 )
14 versus 17 score
15 a 17 score
16 cluster 17 score
17 score 18 of
18 of 21 components
19 the 21 components
20 mets 21 components
22 as 23 predictors
23 predictors 24 of
24 of 33 risk
25 young 29 age
25 young 33 risk
27 ( 29 age
28 mean 29 age
29 age 30 22
29 age 31 )
32 cardiovascular 33 risk

methods : anthropometrics , blood pressure , lipid profile , and insulin resistance ( insulin [clamp] ) were obtained in 265 individuals at mean ages 13 and 22 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 and
2 : 19 obtained
2 : 29 .
3 anthropometrics 4 ,
3 anthropometrics 11 and
5 blood 6 pressure
6 pressure 7 ,
7 , 9 profile
7 , 11 and
8 lipid 9 profile
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 resistance
11 and 15 insulin
11 and 18 were
12 insulin 13 resistance
14 ( 15 insulin
15 insulin 17 )
18 were 19 obtained
19 obtained 20 in
20 in 22 individuals
21 265 22 individuals
22 individuals 23 at
23 at 25 ages
24 mean 25 ages
25 ages 27 and
26 13 27 and
27 and 28 22

the mets was defined dichotomously by current pediatric and adult criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 mets
2 mets 3 was
3 was 4 defined
4 defined 5 dichotomously
4 defined 6 by
6 by 11 criteria
7 current 11 criteria
8 pediatric 9 and
9 and 10 adult
9 and 11 criteria

the mets cluster score used the average of [deviates] [of] the mets components standardized to their means and standard deviations at mean age 13 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 score
2 mets 3 cluster
3 cluster 4 score
4 score 5 used
5 used 7 average
5 used 15 to
5 used 21 at
6 the 7 average
7 average 8 of
8 of 13 components
11 the 13 components
12 mets 13 components
13 components 14 standardized
15 to 18 and
16 their 17 means
17 means 18 and
18 and 20 deviations
19 standard 20 deviations
21 at 23 age
22 mean 23 age
23 age 24 13

results : the mets was rarely present at mean age 13 and did not predict mets at mean age 22 but identified individuals who continued to have adverse levels of risk factors at mean age 22 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mets
2 : 12 and
2 : 37 .
3 the 4 mets
4 mets 12 and
5 was 6 rarely
5 was 7 present
5 was 12 and
7 present 8 at
8 at 10 age
9 mean 10 age
10 age 11 13
12 and 21 but
12 and 26 to
12 and 29 levels
13 did 14 not
13 did 15 predict
13 did 21 but
15 predict 16 mets
15 predict 17 at
17 at 19 age
18 mean 19 age
19 age 20 22
21 but 22 identified
22 identified 23 individuals
23 individuals 24 who
23 individuals 25 continued
24 who 25 continued
26 to 27 have
28 adverse 29 levels
29 levels 30 of
30 of 32 factors
31 risk 32 factors
32 factors 33 at
33 at 35 age
34 mean 35 age
35 age 36 22

in contrast to the standard mets definition [,] the mets cluster score tracked strongly and at mean age 22 was significantly higher in the individuals with mets at mean age 13 ( 0.78 ± 0.71 ) than those without mets at mean age 13 ( 0.09 ± 0.70 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 15 and
2 contrast 20 was
3 to 7 definition
3 to 15 and
4 the 7 definition
5 standard 7 definition
6 mets 7 definition
7 definition 12 score
7 definition 13 tracked
9 the 12 score
10 mets 12 score
11 cluster 12 score
12 score 13 tracked
13 tracked 14 strongly
15 and 16 at
16 at 18 age
17 mean 18 age
18 age 19 22
20 was 21 significantly
20 was 22 higher
22 higher 23 in
22 higher 26 with
22 higher 28 at
22 higher 37 than
23 in 25 individuals
24 the 25 individuals
26 with 27 mets
28 at 30 age
29 mean 30 age
30 age 31 13
30 age 34 ±
32 ( 34 ±
33 0.78 34 ±
34 ± 35 0.71
34 ± 36 )
37 than 38 those
37 than 39 without
39 without 40 mets
40 mets 41 at
40 mets 47 ±
41 at 43 age
42 mean 43 age
43 age 44 13
45 ( 47 ±
46 0.09 47 ±
47 ± 48 0.70
47 ± 51 <
47 ± 54 .
49 , 51 <
50 p 51 <
51 < 52 0.0001
51 < 53 )

conclusions : although the mets at mean age 13 , using the conventional definition , is not a reliable method for predicting the mets at mean age 22 , it does predict adverse levels of cardiovascular risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 30 it
2 : 32 predict
2 : 39 .
3 although 5 mets
3 although 16 is
3 although 29 ,
3 although 30 it
4 the 5 mets
5 mets 6 at
5 mets 11 using
5 mets 16 is
6 at 8 age
7 mean 8 age
8 age 9 13
10 , 11 using
11 using 14 definition
11 using 15 ,
12 the 14 definition
13 conventional 14 definition
16 is 17 not
16 is 20 method
18 a 19 reliable
18 a 20 method
19 reliable 20 method
20 method 21 for
21 for 22 predicting
22 predicting 24 mets
22 predicting 25 at
23 the 24 mets
25 at 27 age
26 mean 27 age
27 age 28 22
30 it 31 does
31 does 32 predict
32 predict 34 levels
33 adverse 34 levels
34 levels 35 of
35 of 38 factors
36 cardiovascular 38 factors
37 risk 38 factors

a cluster score , using the mets components as continuous variables , is more reliable in predicting young adult risk from late childhood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 score
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 3 score
2 cluster 3 score
3 score 5 using
3 score 13 is
4 , 5 using
5 using 8 components
5 using 9 as
5 using 12 ,
6 the 8 components
7 mets 8 components
9 as 11 variables
10 continuous 11 variables
13 is 15 reliable
14 more 15 reliable
15 reliable 16 in
16 in 17 predicting
17 predicting 20 risk
18 young 19 adult
19 adult 20 risk
20 risk 21 from
21 from 23 childhood
22 late 23 childhood

none [data] from the advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly ( active ) trial ( n = 2,802 ) were analyzed to examine whether word list learning predicts future everyday functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 none 3 from
1 none 10 and
3 from 7 training
4 the 7 training
5 advanced 6 cognitive
6 cognitive 7 training
7 training 8 for
8 for 9 independent
10 and 16 trial
10 and 19 =
10 and 22 were
11 vital 12 elderly
12 elderly 14 active
13 ( 14 active
14 active 15 )
14 active 16 trial
17 ( 19 =
18 n 19 =
19 = 20 2,802
19 = 21 )
22 were 23 analyzed
23 analyzed 24 to
24 to 25 examine
25 examine 26 whether
26 whether 29 learning
26 whether 30 predicts
27 word 28 list
28 list 29 learning
29 learning 30 predicts
30 predicts 33 functioning
31 future 33 functioning
32 everyday 33 functioning

associations between memory scores and everyday functioning outcomes remained significant across follow - up intervals spanning 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 associations 2 between
1 associations 5 and
1 associations 11 across
1 associations 12 follow
2 between 3 memory
4 scores 5 and
5 and 8 outcomes
5 and 9 remained
6 everyday 8 outcomes
7 functioning 8 outcomes
9 remained 10 significant
10 significant 11 across
13 - 15 intervals
14 up 15 intervals
15 intervals 16 spanning
16 spanning 18 years
17 5 18 years

hvlt total recall [score] was [consistently] the strongest predictor of each functional outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 hvlt 3 recall
2 total 3 recall
3 recall 5 was
5 was 9 predictor
7 the 8 strongest
7 the 9 predictor
9 predictor 10 of
10 of 13 outcome
11 each 13 outcome
12 functional 13 outcome

results suggest that verbal memory measures are uniquely associated with both current and future functioning and that specific verbal memory tests like the hvlt and avlt have important clinical utility in predicting future functional ability among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 6 measures
3 that 15 functioning
4 verbal 5 memory
5 memory 6 measures
6 measures 7 are
7 are 9 associated
8 uniquely 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 and
10 with 15 functioning
11 both 13 and
12 current 13 and
13 and 14 future
16 and 21 tests
16 and 27 have
17 that 18 specific
18 specific 20 memory
19 verbal 20 memory
20 memory 21 tests
21 tests 22 like
21 tests 27 have
22 like 26 avlt
23 the 26 avlt
24 hvlt 25 and
25 and 26 avlt
27 have 30 utility
27 have 31 in
28 important 30 utility
29 clinical 30 utility
31 in 32 predicting
32 predicting 35 ability
33 future 35 ability
34 functional 35 ability
35 ability 36 among
36 among 38 adults
37 older 38 adults

objective : to determine the main social , functional and clinical characteristics of community [-] dwelling older outpatients living alone [and] to find correlates of frailty in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 10 and
4 determine 27 in
5 the 6 main
5 the 7 social
7 social 8 ,
8 , 9 functional
8 , 10 and
10 and 12 characteristics
10 and 13 of
10 and 22 to
10 and 24 correlates
10 and 25 of
11 clinical 12 characteristics
13 of 18 outpatients
14 community 16 dwelling
16 dwelling 18 outpatients
17 older 18 outpatients
18 outpatients 19 living
20 alone 22 to
22 to 23 find
23 find 24 correlates
25 of 26 frailty
27 in 29 population
28 this 29 population

method : cross - sectional survey [of] 302 community - dwelling outpatients aged 65+ ( median age 82 years ) consecutively referred to a geriatric medicine clinic in italy from june to november 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 referred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 9 community
4 - 10 -
5 sectional 6 survey
6 survey 9 community
8 302 9 community
10 - 12 outpatients
11 dwelling 12 outpatients
12 outpatients 14 65+
12 outpatients 22 referred
13 aged 14 65+
14 65+ 19 years
14 65+ 22 referred
15 ( 19 years
16 median 17 age
17 age 19 years
18 82 19 years
19 years 20 )
21 consecutively 22 referred
22 referred 23 to
22 referred 28 in
23 to 27 clinic
24 a 25 geriatric
24 a 27 clinic
25 geriatric 26 medicine
26 medicine 27 clinic
28 in 29 italy
29 italy 30 from
29 italy 32 to
30 from 31 june
32 to 33 november
33 november 34 2009

participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment including frailty status evaluated by means of the study of osteoporotic fractures ( sof ) [criteria] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 participants 2 underwent
2 underwent 6 assessment
3 a 6 assessment
4 comprehensive 6 assessment
5 geriatric 6 assessment
6 assessment 7 including
6 assessment 10 evaluated
6 assessment 16 of
7 including 9 status
8 frailty 9 status
10 evaluated 11 by
11 by 12 means
12 means 13 of
13 of 15 study
14 the 15 study
16 of 18 fractures
17 osteoporotic 18 fractures
18 fractures 20 sof
19 ( 20 sof
20 sof 21 )

student 's [t] [-] test and the chi - squared test were used to compare subjects ' living alone ['] and ['] not living alone ['] as well as ['] frail ['] and ['] not frail ['] subjects among the participants living alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
1 student 2 's
2 's 5 test
5 test 6 and
6 and 8 chi
6 and 9 -
6 and 11 test
6 and 12 were
6 and 13 used
6 and 18 living
7 the 8 chi
10 squared 11 test
11 test 12 were
13 used 14 to
13 used 15 compare
14 to 15 compare
15 compare 17 '
16 subjects 17 '
18 living 21 and
18 living 28 well
18 living 29 as
19 alone 21 and
21 and 23 not
21 and 25 alone
23 not 24 living
27 as 28 well
29 as 33 and
31 frail 33 and
33 and 35 not
33 and 38 subjects
33 and 44 .
35 not 36 frail
36 frail 38 subjects
38 subjects 39 among
39 among 41 participants
40 the 41 participants
41 participants 42 living
42 living 43 alone

multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to find independent correlates [of] frailty among participants living alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 multiple 3 regression
2 logistic 3 regression
3 regression 4 analyses
3 regression 8 find
3 regression 10 correlates
4 analyses 5 were
5 were 6 performed
6 performed 7 to
7 to 8 find
8 find 9 independent
10 correlates 12 frailty
10 correlates 13 among
10 correlates 16 alone
13 among 14 participants
14 participants 15 living

results : participants ' living alone ['] were 124 ( 41 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 living
2 : 8 were
2 : 14 .
3 participants 4 '
4 ' 5 living
5 living 8 were
6 alone 8 were
8 were 9 124
9 124 12 %
10 ( 12 %
11 41 12 %
12 % 13 )

compared to subjects ' [not] living alone ['] ( n = 178 ) , they were older , received less assistance from informal and formal caregivers , had poorer living and financial conditions , a better cognitive status and functional self - sufficiency but [a] worse emotional status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 14 ,
1 compared 15 they
2 to 6 living
3 subjects 4 '
4 ' 6 living
6 living 7 alone
6 living 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 178
11 = 13 )
15 they 16 were
16 were 17 older
18 , 27 ,
19 received 21 assistance
19 received 22 from
19 received 27 ,
20 less 21 assistance
22 from 26 caregivers
23 informal 24 and
24 and 25 formal
24 and 26 caregivers
27 , 28 had
28 had 31 and
29 poorer 30 living
30 living 31 and
31 and 48 status
32 financial 33 conditions
33 conditions 34 ,
34 , 43 sufficiency
34 , 44 but
35 a 43 sufficiency
36 better 38 status
37 cognitive 38 status
38 status 39 and
39 and 41 self
39 and 42 -
39 and 43 sufficiency
40 functional 41 self
44 but 46 worse
44 but 48 status
47 emotional 48 status

one [-] third of them ( n = 41 ) were frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 third
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 one 3 third
3 third 4 of
3 third 8 =
3 third 11 were
4 of 5 them
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 41
8 = 10 )
11 were 12 frail

among frail elders ( n = 116 ) , subjects living alone also showed a higher prevalence of unexpected new diagnoses of dementia than those not living alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 among 3 elders
1 among 9 ,
1 among 10 subjects
2 frail 3 elders
3 elders 6 =
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 116
6 = 8 )
10 subjects 11 living
10 subjects 14 showed
11 living 12 alone
13 also 14 showed
14 showed 17 prevalence
14 showed 24 than
15 a 17 prevalence
16 higher 17 prevalence
17 prevalence 18 of
18 of 21 diagnoses
19 unexpected 21 diagnoses
20 new 21 diagnoses
21 diagnoses 22 of
22 of 23 dementia
24 than 25 those
25 those 26 not
26 not 27 living
27 living 28 alone

independent [correlates] of frailty among participants living alone were : having experienced a severe acute disease in the past year [(] odds ratio [[] or []] [303.9] [;] 95 [%] [confidence] [interval] [ ci []] 13 - 7091 [;] p < 0.001 [ )( dependence in the bathing badl ability ( or 62.74 [;] 95 % ci 12.17 - 323.32 [;] p < 0.001 [ )(, depression [(] or 10.43 [;] 95 % ci 2.31 - 47.13 [;] p = 0.002 [ )( incontinence ( or 3.98 [;] 95 % ci 1.01 - 15.66 [;] p = 0.048 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 independent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 independent 3 of
1 independent 10 :
3 of 4 frailty
4 frailty 5 among
5 among 6 participants
6 participants 7 living
6 participants 9 were
7 living 8 alone
7 living 9 were
10 : 11 having
11 having 12 experienced
12 experienced 16 disease
13 a 16 disease
14 severe 16 disease
15 acute 16 disease
16 disease 17 in
17 in 25 or
18 the 23 ratio
19 past 22 odds
20 year 22 odds
22 odds 23 ratio
23 ratio 25 or
25 or 29 95
25 or 37 -
33 [ 37 -
34 ci 36 13
34 ci 37 -
37 - 38 7091
38 7091 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 45 dependence
42 0.001 45 dependence
45 dependence 46 in
46 in 50 ability
47 the 50 ability
48 bathing 50 ability
49 badl 50 ability
50 ability 59 -
51 ( 59 -
52 or 57 ci
53 62.74 57 ci
55 95 57 ci
56 % 57 ci
57 ci 58 12.17
57 ci 59 -
59 - 60 323.32
60 323.32 63 <
62 p 63 <
63 < 64 0.001
64 0.001 76 -
66 )(, 76 -
67 depression 74 ci
69 or 70 10.43
69 or 74 ci
72 95 74 ci
73 % 74 ci
74 ci 75 2.31
74 ci 76 -
76 - 77 47.13
77 47.13 80 =
79 p 80 =
80 = 84 incontinence
81 0.002 84 incontinence
84 incontinence 91 ci
84 incontinence 94 15.66
85 ( 91 ci
86 or 87 3.98
86 or 91 ci
89 95 91 ci
90 % 91 ci
91 ci 92 1.01
91 ci 93 -
93 - 94 15.66
94 15.66 97 =
94 15.66 100 .
96 p 97 =
97 = 98 0.048
97 = 99 )

conclusion : in older outpatients living alone , including those who were frail , we found a lower availability of personal assistance , significantly more social and financial vulnerability and a higher risk of depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 7 alone
3 in 5 outpatients
4 older 5 outpatients
5 outpatients 6 living
7 alone 9 including
8 , 9 including
9 including 10 those
9 including 14 ,
10 those 11 who
10 those 12 were
11 who 12 were
12 were 13 frail
14 , 15 we
14 , 16 found
14 , 23 ,
15 we 16 found
16 found 19 availability
17 a 19 availability
18 lower 19 availability
19 availability 20 of
20 of 22 assistance
21 personal 22 assistance
23 , 30 and
24 significantly 25 more
25 more 29 vulnerability
26 social 27 and
27 and 28 financial
27 and 29 vulnerability
29 vulnerability 30 and
30 and 33 risk
30 and 34 of
31 a 33 risk
32 higher 33 risk
34 of 35 depression

in frail elders there was also a higher prevalence of underdiagnosed dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 3 elders
1 in 4 there
2 frail 3 elders
4 there 5 was
5 was 6 also
5 was 9 prevalence
7 a 9 prevalence
8 higher 9 prevalence
9 prevalence 10 of
10 of 12 dementia
11 underdiagnosed 12 dementia

in order to better recognise frail subjects in this specific population , four [independent] [correlates] of frailty were identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 four
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 12 ,
1 in 13 four
2 order 3 to
2 order 5 recognise
3 to 5 recognise
4 better 5 recognise
5 recognise 7 subjects
6 frail 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 in
8 in 11 population
9 this 11 population
10 specific 11 population
13 four 16 of
13 four 18 were
16 of 17 frailty
18 were 19 identified

older adults have a disproportionally high rate of completed suicide as compared to the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 have
3 have 7 rate
3 have 13 to
4 a 5 disproportionally
4 a 7 rate
5 disproportionally 6 high
6 high 7 rate
7 rate 8 of
8 of 10 suicide
9 completed 10 suicide
10 suicide 12 compared
11 as 12 compared
13 to 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 general 16 population

whereas a large literature has focused on risk factors related to elder suicide , limited research exists on relationships between coping strategies with protective factors against suicide and suicidal ideation in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 exists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 whereas 13 suicide
1 whereas 14 ,
1 whereas 16 research
2 a 3 large
2 a 13 suicide
3 large 4 literature
4 literature 5 has
5 has 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
7 on 8 risk
8 risk 9 factors
8 risk 11 to
9 factors 10 related
10 related 11 to
12 elder 13 suicide
15 limited 16 research
16 research 17 exists
17 exists 18 on
17 exists 20 between
17 exists 26 against
17 exists 31 in
18 on 19 relationships
20 between 22 strategies
21 coping 22 strategies
22 strategies 23 with
23 with 25 factors
24 protective 25 factors
26 against 28 and
27 suicide 28 and
28 and 30 ideation
29 suicidal 30 ideation
31 in 33 population
32 this 33 population

community - dwelling older adults ( n = 108 , mean age = 71.5 years , age range = 60 - 95 years ) completed the coping orientations to problems experienced scale , reasons for living inventory , and geriatric suicide ideation scale ( gsis ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 community 2 -
1 community 5 adults
3 dwelling 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 8 =
5 adults 16 ,
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 108
8 = 10 ,
11 mean 12 age
11 mean 13 =
11 mean 16 ,
12 age 13 =
13 = 15 years
14 71.5 15 years
16 , 17 age
17 age 18 range
18 range 20 60
18 range 25 completed
18 range 34 reasons
19 = 20 60
20 60 23 years
20 60 25 completed
21 - 23 years
22 95 23 years
23 years 24 )
25 completed 27 coping
26 the 27 coping
27 coping 28 orientations
27 coping 32 scale
28 orientations 29 to
28 orientations 32 scale
29 to 31 experienced
30 problems 31 experienced
33 , 34 reasons
34 reasons 35 for
34 reasons 46 )
35 for 39 and
36 living 37 inventory
37 inventory 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 45 gsis
40 geriatric 41 suicide
41 suicide 42 ideation
42 ideation 43 scale
43 scale 45 gsis
44 ( 45 gsis
45 gsis 46 )

problem - and emotion - focused coping were associated positively with reasons for living and negatively [with] suicide ideation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 problem 3 and
2 - 3 and
3 and 4 emotion
3 and 5 -
3 and 6 focused
3 and 7 coping
3 and 15 and
8 were 9 associated
8 were 15 and
9 associated 10 positively
9 associated 11 with
9 associated 13 for
11 with 12 reasons
13 for 14 living
15 and 18 suicide
15 and 19 ideation
16 negatively 18 suicide

dysfunctional coping was associated positively with suicide ideation , but results did not support the hypothesized negative relationship with reasons for living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dysfunctional
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 dysfunctional 2 coping
1 dysfunctional 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 positively
4 associated 6 with
6 with 8 ideation
7 suicide 8 ideation
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 results
10 but 14 support
11 results 12 did
12 did 13 not
12 did 14 support
14 support 18 relationship
14 support 19 with
14 support 21 for
15 the 18 relationship
16 hypothesized 18 relationship
17 negative 18 relationship
19 with 20 reasons
21 for 22 living

thus , problem - and emotion - focused coping appear to be adaptive , whereas dysfunctional coping appears to be somewhat less related to resilience to suicidal ideation among community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 and
3 problem 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 6 emotion
5 and 7 -
5 and 8 focused
5 and 9 coping
5 and 10 appear
10 appear 11 to
10 appear 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 adaptive
14 , 22 less
14 , 23 related
15 whereas 17 coping
15 whereas 18 appears
15 whereas 22 less
16 dysfunctional 17 coping
17 coping 18 appears
18 appears 19 to
18 appears 20 be
19 to 20 be
21 somewhat 22 less
22 less 23 related
23 related 24 to
23 related 29 among
24 to 25 resilience
25 resilience 26 to
26 to 28 ideation
27 suicidal 28 ideation
29 among 34 adults
30 community 32 dwelling
32 dwelling 34 adults
33 older 34 adults

implications of the study are that some coping strategies may serve as protective factors against suicide and that coping strategies should be evaluated as part of a thorough assessment of suicidal risk among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 implications 2 of
1 implications 5 are
2 of 4 study
3 the 4 study
5 are 6 that
6 that 9 strategies
6 that 11 serve
7 some 9 strategies
8 coping 9 strategies
9 strategies 10 may
10 may 11 serve
11 serve 12 as
11 serve 15 against
12 as 14 factors
13 protective 14 factors
15 against 16 suicide
17 and 20 strategies
17 and 23 evaluated
18 that 19 coping
19 coping 20 strategies
20 strategies 21 should
21 should 22 be
22 be 23 evaluated
23 evaluated 24 as
24 as 25 part
25 part 26 of
26 of 29 assessment
27 a 28 thorough
27 a 29 assessment
28 thorough 29 assessment
29 assessment 30 of
30 of 32 risk
31 suicidal 32 risk
32 risk 33 among
33 among 35 adults
34 older 35 adults

the results also provide some evidence of convergent validity for the recently developed gsis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 4 provide
3 also 4 provide
4 provide 6 evidence
5 some 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 of
7 of 9 validity
8 convergent 9 validity
9 validity 10 for
10 for 14 gsis
11 the 14 gsis
12 recently 13 developed
13 developed 14 gsis

objectives : older adults are a population vulnerable to the effects of alcohol , medication - [to] - alcohol interactions , and combining multiple medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 5 are
2 : 18 -
2 : 26 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 are
5 are 7 population
6 a 7 population
7 population 8 vulnerable
7 population 12 of
8 vulnerable 9 to
9 to 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
12 of 13 alcohol
13 alcohol 15 medication
14 , 15 medication
15 medication 16 -
18 - 22 and
19 alcohol 20 interactions
20 interactions 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 medications
23 combining 25 medications
24 multiple 25 medications

this study examines the effectiveness of a prevention program to increase older adults ' knowledge about these risks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 5 effectiveness
3 examines 10 to
4 the 5 effectiveness
5 effectiveness 6 of
6 of 9 program
7 a 8 prevention
7 a 9 program
8 prevention 9 program
10 to 11 increase
11 increase 15 knowledge
11 increase 16 about
12 older 13 adults
13 adults 14 '
14 ' 15 knowledge
16 about 18 risks
17 these 18 risks

methods : older adults ( n = 348 ) were asked to participate in a prevention program and to take a pre - and post - test measuring knowledge about the risks of taking multiple medications and of alcohol use as one ages [,] before and after participation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 4 adults
2 : 18 and
2 : 37 and
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 7 =
4 adults 18 and
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 348
7 = 9 )
10 were 11 asked
10 were 18 and
11 asked 12 to
11 asked 13 participate
12 to 13 participate
13 participate 14 in
14 in 17 program
15 a 16 prevention
15 a 17 program
16 prevention 17 program
18 and 19 to
18 and 27 test
18 and 30 about
19 to 20 take
20 take 24 and
21 a 22 pre
22 pre 24 and
23 - 24 and
24 and 25 post
24 and 26 -
27 test 29 knowledge
28 measuring 29 knowledge
30 about 32 risks
31 the 32 risks
32 risks 33 of
33 of 34 taking
34 taking 36 medications
35 multiple 36 medications
37 and 40 use
37 and 43 ages
38 of 39 alcohol
38 of 40 use
40 use 41 as
40 use 43 ages
41 as 42 one
43 ages 46 and
45 before 46 and
46 and 47 after
47 after 48 participation

a subsample of the group ( n = 60 ) was followed at 30 days after participation in the program and asked to complete a survey on how the program affected their attitudes and choices regarding their medications and alcohol use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subsample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 a 2 subsample
2 subsample 3 of
2 subsample 8 =
2 subsample 11 was
3 of 5 group
4 the 5 group
6 ( 8 =
7 n 8 =
8 = 9 60
8 = 10 )
11 was 21 and
12 followed 13 at
12 followed 16 after
12 followed 18 in
12 followed 21 and
13 at 15 days
14 30 15 days
16 after 17 participation
18 in 20 program
19 the 20 program
21 and 22 asked
22 asked 23 to
22 asked 27 on
23 to 24 complete
24 complete 26 survey
25 a 26 survey
27 on 28 how
28 how 30 program
28 how 31 affected
29 the 30 program
30 program 31 affected
31 affected 39 and
32 their 39 and
33 attitudes 34 and
34 and 35 choices
34 and 36 regarding
34 and 39 and
36 regarding 38 medications
37 their 38 medications
39 and 41 use
40 alcohol 41 use

results : results show a significant increase in knowledge about older adults ' risks related to their medication and alcohol use from pre - to post - test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 4 show
2 : 15 related
2 : 27 -
3 results 4 show
4 show 7 increase
4 show 15 related
5 a 7 increase
6 significant 7 increase
7 increase 8 in
7 increase 15 related
8 in 9 knowledge
9 knowledge 10 about
10 about 14 risks
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 '
13 ' 14 risks
15 related 16 to
15 related 22 from
15 related 25 to
15 related 27 -
16 to 19 and
17 their 18 medication
18 medication 19 and
19 and 21 use
20 alcohol 21 use
22 from 23 pre
24 - 25 to
25 to 26 post
25 to 27 -
27 - 28 test

the group sampled at 30 days after program participation showed that the majority either agreed or strongly agreed that their attitudes had changed toward more awareness and increased understanding of the importance of knowing their risks related to medication use , medication interactions , multiple medications or polypharmacy , and alcohol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 2 group
2 group 3 sampled
2 group 27 and
3 sampled 4 at
4 at 6 days
5 30 6 days
6 days 13 majority
6 days 16 or
7 after 9 participation
7 after 10 showed
7 after 13 majority
8 program 9 participation
9 participation 10 showed
10 showed 11 that
12 the 13 majority
13 majority 16 or
14 either 15 agreed
15 agreed 16 or
16 or 18 agreed
16 or 24 toward
17 strongly 18 agreed
18 agreed 19 that
19 that 21 attitudes
19 that 23 changed
20 their 21 attitudes
21 attitudes 22 had
22 had 23 changed
24 toward 26 awareness
25 more 26 awareness
27 and 29 understanding
28 increased 29 understanding
29 understanding 30 of
30 of 32 importance
31 the 32 importance
32 importance 33 of
33 of 34 knowing
34 knowing 36 risks
34 knowing 37 related
35 their 36 risks
36 risks 37 related
37 related 38 to
38 to 50 and
39 medication 40 use
40 use 41 ,
41 , 43 interactions
41 , 44 ,
42 medication 43 interactions
44 , 46 medications
44 , 47 or
45 multiple 46 medications
47 or 48 polypharmacy
47 or 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 alcohol

conclusion : as a result of this intervention , older adults gained knowledge about their own risks related to medication use , medication interactions , multiple medications or polypharmacy , and alcohol use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 11 adults
2 : 12 gained
2 : 22 ,
2 : 25 ,
3 as 5 result
3 as 11 adults
4 a 5 result
6 of 8 intervention
6 of 9 ,
6 of 11 adults
7 this 8 intervention
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 gained
12 gained 13 knowledge
12 gained 14 about
12 gained 19 to
14 about 17 risks
15 their 16 own
15 their 17 risks
17 risks 18 related
19 to 21 use
20 medication 21 use
22 , 24 interactions
23 medication 24 interactions
25 , 31 and
26 multiple 27 medications
27 medications 28 or
28 or 29 polypharmacy
28 or 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 use
32 alcohol 33 use

further research is needed to replicate these findings and to determine how prevention education can reduce these risks for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 9 and
4 needed 5 to
4 needed 6 replicate
4 needed 9 and
5 to 6 replicate
6 replicate 8 findings
7 these 8 findings
9 and 10 to
9 and 11 determine
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 12 how
12 how 14 education
12 how 16 reduce
13 prevention 14 education
14 education 15 can
15 can 16 reduce
16 reduce 18 risks
17 these 18 risks
18 risks 19 for
19 for 21 adults
20 older 21 adults

objectives : psychosocial stressors faced by patients with fragile [x] - associated tremor/ataxia [syndrome] ( fxtas ) and their caregivers have not been systematically explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 18 and
2 : 25 explored
2 : 26 .
3 psychosocial 4 stressors
4 stressors 5 faced
4 stressors 18 and
5 faced 6 by
5 faced 8 with
6 by 7 patients
8 with 13 tremor/ataxia
9 fragile 11 -
9 fragile 13 tremor/ataxia
12 associated 13 tremor/ataxia
13 tremor/ataxia 16 fxtas
15 ( 16 fxtas
16 fxtas 17 )
18 and 20 caregivers
18 and 21 have
19 their 20 caregivers
21 have 22 not
21 have 23 been
23 been 25 explored
24 systematically 25 explored

fxtas is a neurodegenerative disease occurring in approximately 45 % of elderly male carriers and 8 - 16 % [of] female carriers of the fragile [x] mental retardation one premutation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fxtas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 fxtas 2 is
2 is 5 disease
2 is 30 premutation
3 a 4 neurodegenerative
3 a 5 disease
4 neurodegenerative 5 disease
5 disease 6 occurring
5 disease 11 of
6 occurring 7 in
7 in 10 %
8 approximately 9 45
9 45 10 %
11 of 15 and
12 elderly 14 carriers
13 male 14 carriers
14 carriers 15 and
15 and 22 carriers
15 and 23 of
16 8 17 -
17 - 18 16
17 - 22 carriers
19 % 22 carriers
21 female 22 carriers
23 of 28 retardation
24 the 28 retardation
25 fragile 28 retardation
27 mental 28 retardation
29 one 30 premutation

this study investigated the subjective needs of patients with fxtas and their family caregivers , by utilizing q - sort methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 6 needs
3 investigated 9 with
4 the 6 needs
5 subjective 6 needs
6 needs 7 of
7 of 8 patients
9 with 10 fxtas
11 and 14 caregivers
11 and 20 sort
12 their 14 caregivers
13 family 14 caregivers
14 caregivers 16 by
14 caregivers 20 sort
15 , 16 by
16 by 17 utilizing
16 by 19 -
17 utilizing 18 q
20 sort 21 methodology

method : patients with fxtas and their caregivers seen during january 2005 to june 2007 participated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 5 fxtas
6 and 8 caregivers
6 and 16 participated
7 their 8 caregivers
8 caregivers 9 seen
8 caregivers 16 participated
9 seen 10 during
9 seen 13 to
10 during 11 january
11 january 12 2005
13 to 14 june
14 june 15 2007

the [q] [-] sort was composed of 17 ( eight formal and nine informal ) items , designed to explore emotional , informational , and instrumental needs of patients with fxtas and their caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sort
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 of
1 the 4 sort
4 sort 5 was
5 was 7 of
6 composed 7 of
7 of 8 17
8 17 10 eight
9 ( 10 eight
10 eight 12 and
10 eight 18 designed
10 eight 35 .
11 formal 12 and
12 and 16 items
12 and 17 ,
12 and 18 designed
13 nine 16 items
14 informal 15 )
14 informal 16 items
18 designed 19 to
18 designed 30 with
19 to 20 explore
20 explore 27 needs
21 emotional 22 ,
21 emotional 27 needs
23 informational 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 instrumental
25 and 27 needs
27 needs 28 of
28 of 29 patients
30 with 32 and
31 fxtas 32 and
32 and 34 caregivers
33 their 34 caregivers

item scores were generated from 1 [=] least important to 7 = most important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 item
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 item 2 scores
1 item 3 were
1 item 4 generated
1 item 12 =
2 scores 3 were
4 generated 5 from
5 from 6 1
6 1 9 important
8 least 9 important
9 important 10 to
10 to 11 7
12 = 14 important
13 most 14 important

analysis included descriptive statistics for all the demographic and outcome variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 analysis 2 included
2 included 4 statistics
3 descriptive 4 statistics
4 statistics 5 for
5 for 6 all
6 all 7 the
6 all 9 and
7 the 8 demographic
8 demographic 9 and
9 and 11 variables
10 outcome 11 variables

generalized estimating equations were used to identify [which] of the need domains were perceived as most important by the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 perceived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 generalized 2 estimating
2 estimating 3 equations
2 estimating 7 identify
2 estimating 9 of
2 estimating 13 were
3 equations 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
9 of 12 domains
10 the 12 domains
11 need 12 domains
13 were 14 perceived
14 perceived 15 as
15 as 16 most
16 most 17 important
17 important 18 by
18 by 20 participants
19 the 20 participants