two hundred thirty - four ( 91 % ) reported ablation was offered at their institution , although only 140 ( 54 % ) ever participated in this procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 thirty
3 thirty 5 four
3 thirty 10 reported
4 - 5 four
5 four 8 %
5 four 9 )
6 ( 8 %
7 91 8 %
8 % 9 )
10 reported 11 ablation
10 reported 26 participated
11 ablation 12 was
12 was 13 offered
13 offered 14 at
13 offered 18 although
14 at 16 institution
15 their 16 institution
17 , 18 although
18 although 20 140
19 only 20 140
20 140 23 %
20 140 26 participated
21 ( 23 %
22 54 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 ever 26 participated
26 participated 27 in
27 in 29 procedure
28 this 29 procedure

of these , 80 ( 57 % ) were involved in fewer than five procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 80
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 of 2 these
1 of 3 ,
1 of 4 80
4 80 7 %
4 80 9 were
5 ( 7 %
6 57 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 were 10 involved
10 involved 11 in
11 in 15 procedures
12 fewer 13 than
13 than 14 five
14 five 15 procedures

experience with ablation did not increase at higher levels of training ( u3 - 61 % , u4 - 66 % , and u5 - 63 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 experience 2 with
1 experience 4 did
2 with 3 ablation
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 increase
6 increase 7 at
7 at 9 levels
8 higher 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 11 training
11 training 13 u3
11 training 23 and
12 ( 13 u3
13 u3 16 %
13 u3 17 ,
14 - 16 %
15 61 16 %
16 % 17 ,
17 , 23 and
18 u4 21 %
18 u4 23 and
19 - 21 %
20 66 21 %
21 % 22 ,
23 and 24 u5
23 and 28 )
24 u5 27 %
25 - 27 %
26 63 27 %
27 % 28 )

two hundred twenty - four ( 87 % ) [residents] noted exposure to surveillance for managing srms , increasing from 70 % in u1 to 94 % in u5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 noted
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 twenty
3 twenty 5 four
3 twenty 11 noted
4 - 5 four
5 four 8 %
5 four 9 )
6 ( 8 %
7 87 8 %
8 % 9 )
11 noted 12 exposure
11 noted 13 to
11 noted 19 increasing
13 to 14 surveillance
14 surveillance 15 for
15 for 16 managing
16 managing 17 srms
18 , 19 increasing
19 increasing 20 from
19 increasing 23 in
19 increasing 25 to
19 increasing 30 .
20 from 22 %
21 70 22 %
23 in 24 u1
25 to 27 %
26 94 27 %
27 % 28 in
28 in 29 u5

when considering case scenarios , management strategy shifted significantly from extirpation to ablation or surveillance as patient age and comorbidity profile increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 strategy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shifted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 when 2 considering
1 when 5 ,
1 when 7 strategy
2 considering 4 scenarios
3 case 4 scenarios
6 management 7 strategy
7 strategy 8 shifted
8 shifted 9 significantly
8 shifted 10 from
8 shifted 16 as
10 from 11 extirpation
11 extirpation 12 to
12 to 14 or
13 ablation 14 or
14 or 15 surveillance
16 as 19 and
17 patient 18 age
18 age 19 and
19 and 21 profile
19 and 22 increased
20 comorbidity 21 profile

in particular , almost 50 % of respondents advocated ablation for srms in a comorbid 75 - [year] - old patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 6 %
4 almost 5 50
5 50 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 9 advocated
7 of 8 respondents
9 advocated 10 ablation
9 advocated 11 for
9 advocated 13 in
9 advocated 17 -
11 for 12 srms
13 in 15 comorbid
14 a 15 comorbid
16 75 17 -
17 - 19 -
19 - 21 patient
20 old 21 patient

conclusions : although most residents are adequately exposed to surveillance strategies for srms , only 54 % participated in an ablative procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 17 %
2 : 18 participated
3 although 5 residents
3 although 8 exposed
3 although 14 ,
3 although 17 %
4 most 5 residents
5 residents 6 are
6 are 7 adequately
6 are 8 exposed
8 exposed 9 to
8 exposed 12 for
9 to 11 strategies
10 surveillance 11 strategies
12 for 13 srms
15 only 16 54
16 54 17 %
17 % 18 participated
18 participated 19 in
19 in 22 procedure
20 an 22 procedure
21 ablative 22 procedure

nonetheless , almost 50 % of residents recommended ablation to manage srms in the aging , comorbid patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 5 %
3 almost 4 50
4 50 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 8 recommended
6 of 7 residents
8 recommended 9 ablation
8 recommended 10 to
10 to 11 manage
11 manage 12 srms
11 manage 13 in
13 in 15 aging
14 the 15 aging
16 , 18 patient
17 comorbid 18 patient

this suggests a [disconnect] [between] training and future practice pattern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 10 pattern
3 a 10 pattern
6 training 7 and
7 and 8 future
7 and 10 pattern
9 practice 10 pattern

introduction : we evaluated the association between serum sex hormone levels and prostate volume in taiwanese men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 evaluated
2 : 18 .
3 we 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 6 association
4 evaluated 7 between
4 evaluated 15 in
5 the 6 association
7 between 12 and
8 serum 11 levels
9 sex 11 levels
10 hormone 11 levels
11 levels 12 and
12 and 14 volume
13 prostate 14 volume
15 in 17 men
16 taiwanese 17 men

methods : a cross - sectional study was conducted in 505 men ( aged 40 - 79 years , mean age 58 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 9 conducted
5 - 25 .
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 in
10 in 12 men
11 505 12 men
12 men 14 aged
12 men 18 years
13 ( 14 aged
14 aged 15 40
14 aged 16 -
16 - 18 years
17 79 18 years
18 years 23 years
18 years 24 )
19 , 23 years
20 mean 21 age
21 age 23 years
22 58 23 years
23 years 24 )

serum total testosterone ( tt ) , free testosterone ( ft ) , dihydrotestosterone ( dht [ )(and estradiol ( e2 ) levels were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 serum 2 total
2 total 3 testosterone
3 testosterone 5 tt
4 ( 5 tt
5 tt 6 )
7 , 23 levels
7 , 24 were
8 free 23 levels
9 testosterone 11 ft
9 testosterone 13 ,
9 testosterone 23 levels
10 ( 11 ft
11 ft 12 )
14 dihydrotestosterone 18 )(and
14 dihydrotestosterone 23 levels
15 ( 18 )(and
16 dht 18 )(and
18 )(and 19 estradiol
18 )(and 21 e2
18 )(and 22 )
20 ( 21 e2
21 e2 22 )
23 levels 24 were
24 were 25 measured

total prostate volume ( tpv ) and transition zone volume ( tzv ) were measured by transrectal ultrasonography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 total 3 volume
2 prostate 3 volume
3 volume 5 tpv
4 ( 5 tpv
5 tpv 6 )
7 and 10 volume
7 and 14 were
8 transition 10 volume
9 zone 10 volume
10 volume 12 tzv
10 volume 14 were
11 ( 12 tzv
12 tzv 13 )
14 were 15 measured
15 measured 16 by
16 by 18 ultrasonography
17 transrectal 18 ultrasonography

body [mass] [index] ( bmi ) , dht/tt and e2/tt were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 body 5 bmi
4 ( 5 bmi
5 bmi 6 )
5 bmi 7 ,
7 , 8 dht/tt
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 e2/tt
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 calculated

correlations were determined using univariate and multivariate regression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 correlations 2 were
2 were 9 analyses
3 determined 4 using
3 determined 6 and
4 using 5 univariate
6 and 7 multivariate
6 and 8 regression
8 regression 9 analyses

results : apart from dht , an age - dependent change of sex hormone levels were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 observed
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 from
2 : 10 dependent
3 apart 4 from
4 from 5 dht
5 dht 8 age
6 , 8 age
7 an 8 age
8 age 9 -
11 change 12 of
11 change 17 observed
12 of 13 sex
13 sex 15 levels
13 sex 16 were
14 hormone 15 levels
15 levels 16 were
17 observed 18 .

on univariate analyses , age , bmi , serum dht level and dht/tt ratio , as well as serum e2 level and e2/tt ratio , but not serum tt and ft levels showed a significant association with prostate volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 on 12 and
1 on 30 and
2 univariate 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 ,
4 , 5 age
4 , 6 ,
6 , 7 bmi
6 , 8 ,
8 , 11 level
8 , 12 and
9 serum 11 level
10 dht 11 level
12 and 14 ratio
12 and 15 ,
12 and 18 as
13 dht/tt 14 ratio
15 , 18 as
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 22 and
18 as 25 ,
19 serum 21 level
20 e2 21 level
21 level 22 and
22 and 24 ratio
22 and 25 ,
23 e2/tt 24 ratio
26 but 27 not
26 but 28 serum
26 but 30 and
29 tt 30 and
30 and 32 levels
30 and 33 showed
31 ft 32 levels
33 showed 36 association
33 showed 37 with
34 a 36 association
35 significant 36 association
37 with 39 volume
38 prostate 39 volume

on multivariate analysis , however , only serum dht level and dht/tt ratio remained significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 on 3 analysis
1 on 4 ,
1 on 7 only
2 multivariate 3 analysis
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 only
7 only 11 and
8 serum 10 level
9 dht 10 level
10 level 11 and
11 and 13 ratio
11 and 14 remained
12 dht/tt 13 ratio
14 remained 15 significant

conclusions : higher serum dht level and dht/tt ratio were associated with larger prostate volume and higher prevalence of bph in taiwanese men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 serum
2 : 11 associated
3 higher 4 serum
4 serum 7 and
4 serum 10 were
4 serum 11 associated
5 dht 6 level
6 level 7 and
7 and 9 ratio
7 and 10 were
8 dht/tt 9 ratio
11 associated 12 with
12 with 18 prevalence
13 larger 18 prevalence
14 prostate 15 volume
15 volume 16 and
16 and 17 higher
16 and 18 prevalence
18 prevalence 19 of
19 of 20 bph
20 bph 21 in
21 in 23 men
22 taiwanese 23 men

benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is a medical condition affecting a wide range of the aging male population resulting in various degrees of lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hyperplasia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 benign 3 hyperplasia
2 prostatic 3 hyperplasia
3 hyperplasia 5 bph
3 hyperplasia 7 is
4 ( 5 bph
5 bph 6 )
7 is 10 condition
7 is 21 in
8 a 9 medical
8 a 10 condition
9 medical 10 condition
10 condition 11 affecting
10 condition 15 of
11 affecting 14 range
12 a 13 wide
12 a 14 range
13 wide 14 range
15 of 19 population
16 the 19 population
17 aging 18 male
18 male 19 population
19 population 20 resulting
21 in 28 symptoms
22 various 23 degrees
23 degrees 24 of
23 degrees 28 symptoms
24 of 28 symptoms
25 lower 27 tract
26 urinary 27 tract
27 tract 28 symptoms
28 symptoms 30 luts
29 ( 30 luts
30 luts 31 )

today , a variety of medical therapies and minimally invasive bph treatment modalities are available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 today 2 ,
1 today 8 and
3 a 4 variety
4 variety 5 of
4 variety 8 and
5 of 7 therapies
6 medical 7 therapies
8 and 13 modalities
8 and 14 are
9 minimally 10 invasive
10 invasive 13 modalities
11 bph 13 modalities
12 treatment 13 modalities
14 are 15 available

medical therapy includes α ( 1 ) blockers , 5 ( )α reductase inhibitors and combination therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 includes
1 medical 2 therapy
2 therapy 3 includes
3 includes 8 blockers
4 α 6 1
4 α 8 blockers
5 ( 6 1
6 1 7 )
8 blockers 10 5
9 , 10 5
10 5 15 and
10 5 18 .
11 ( 15 and
12 )α 14 inhibitors
13 reductase 14 inhibitors
14 inhibitors 15 and
15 and 17 therapy
15 and 18 .
16 combination 17 therapy

when these options fail , surgery is indicated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 surgery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 when 3 options
1 when 4 fail
1 when 5 ,
1 when 6 surgery
2 these 3 options
3 options 4 fail
6 surgery 7 is
7 is 8 indicated

transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) is still considered the gold standard surgical treatment for bph . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 transurethral 2 resection
2 resection 3 of
2 resection 9 is
3 of 5 prostate
4 the 5 prostate
5 prostate 7 turp
6 ( 7 turp
7 turp 8 )
9 is 11 considered
10 still 11 considered
11 considered 16 treatment
12 the 16 treatment
13 gold 16 treatment
14 standard 16 treatment
15 surgical 16 treatment
16 treatment 17 for
17 for 18 bph

nevertheless , numerous minimally invasive treatment alternatives are [available] that [are] comparable in effectiveness to turp , with significantly less morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 alternatives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 7 alternatives
3 numerous 6 treatment
4 minimally 5 invasive
5 invasive 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 alternatives
7 alternatives 8 are
8 are 12 comparable
10 that 12 comparable
12 comparable 13 in
12 comparable 15 to
13 in 14 effectiveness
15 to 16 turp
16 turp 18 with
17 , 18 with
18 with 21 morbidity
18 with 22 .
19 significantly 20 less
20 less 21 morbidity

in this article , current treatment options for bph are reviewed with respect to their indications , long - term safety and efficacy in relieving bph related luts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 options
2 this 3 article
5 current 7 options
6 treatment 7 options
7 options 8 for
7 options 10 are
8 for 9 bph
10 are 11 reviewed
11 reviewed 12 with
11 reviewed 17 ,
11 reviewed 18 long
12 with 13 respect
13 respect 14 to
14 to 16 indications
15 their 16 indications
19 - 22 and
19 - 27 related
20 term 21 safety
21 safety 22 and
22 and 23 efficacy
22 and 24 in
22 and 27 related
24 in 25 relieving
25 relieving 26 bph
27 related 28 luts

the selection of the type of bph treatment should be based on the physician 's experience , patient 's co - morbidities as well as the prostate size and clinical disease progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 selection
2 selection 3 of
2 selection 19 's
3 of 7 bph
4 the 5 type
5 type 6 of
5 type 7 bph
6 of 7 bph
7 bph 8 treatment
7 bph 10 be
7 bph 11 based
8 treatment 9 should
9 should 10 be
11 based 12 on
11 based 17 ,
11 based 18 patient
12 on 16 experience
13 the 14 physician
14 physician 15 's
15 's 16 experience
19 's 22 morbidities
19 's 25 as
20 co 21 -
20 co 22 morbidities
22 morbidities 23 as
23 as 24 well
25 as 29 and
26 the 28 size
27 prostate 28 size
28 size 29 and
29 and 32 progression
30 clinical 31 disease
31 disease 32 progression

objective : to investigate in vivo the impact of age on nigrostriatal dopamine dysfunction in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 17 's
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 vivo
5 in 6 vivo
7 the 8 impact
8 impact 9 of
8 impact 15 in
8 impact 17 's
9 of 10 age
10 age 11 on
11 on 14 dysfunction
12 nigrostriatal 13 dopamine
13 dopamine 14 dysfunction
15 in 16 parkinson
17 's 18 disease
18 disease 20 pd
19 ( 20 pd
20 pd 21 )

results : the study comprised 438 pd scans and 241 control scans ( [679] [scans] in total ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 comprised
2 : 9 and
2 : 19 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 comprised
5 comprised 6 438
6 438 7 pd
6 438 8 scans
7 pd 8 scans
9 and 11 control
9 and 12 scans
10 241 11 control
11 control 12 scans
12 scans 17 total
13 ( 17 total
16 in 17 total
17 total 18 )

[at] symptom onset , the loss of putamen dtbz binding was substantially greater in younger compared [to] older pd patients ( p = 0.015 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 onset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 symptom 3 onset
4 , 6 loss
4 , 11 was
5 the 6 loss
6 loss 7 of
6 loss 11 was
7 of 9 dtbz
8 putamen 9 dtbz
9 dtbz 10 binding
11 was 13 greater
12 substantially 13 greater
13 greater 14 in
14 in 20 patients
15 younger 20 patients
16 compared 20 patients
18 older 20 patients
19 pd 20 patients
20 patients 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.015
23 = 25 )

remarkably , however , the rate of progression of dtbz binding loss was significantly slower in younger patients ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 6 rate
2 , 3 however
3 however 4 ,
3 however 6 rate
5 the 6 rate
6 rate 7 of
6 rate 13 was
7 of 8 progression
8 progression 9 of
9 of 10 dtbz
10 dtbz 11 binding
11 binding 12 loss
13 was 14 significantly
13 was 15 slower
15 slower 16 in
16 in 18 patients
17 younger 18 patients
18 patients 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.05
21 < 23 )

the estimated presymptomatic phase of the disease spanned more than 2 decades in younger patients , compared to 1 decade in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 phase
2 estimated 4 phase
3 presymptomatic 4 phase
4 phase 5 of
4 phase 16 ,
5 of 7 disease
6 the 7 disease
8 spanned 12 decades
8 spanned 13 in
8 spanned 16 ,
9 more 10 than
10 than 11 2
11 2 12 decades
13 in 15 patients
14 younger 15 patients
16 , 17 compared
16 , 18 to
16 , 21 in
18 to 20 decade
19 1 20 decade
21 in 23 patients
22 older 23 patients

interpretation : our results suggest that , compared to older patients , younger pd patients progress more slowly [and] are able to endure more damage to the dopaminergic system before the first motor symptoms appear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 7 ,
2 : 23 endure
2 : 36 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
7 , 15 patients
7 , 20 are
8 compared 9 to
8 compared 12 ,
8 compared 15 patients
9 to 11 patients
10 older 11 patients
13 younger 15 patients
14 pd 15 patients
15 patients 16 progress
17 more 20 are
18 slowly 20 are
20 are 21 able
21 able 22 to
22 to 23 endure
23 endure 25 damage
23 endure 26 to
23 endure 30 before
24 more 25 damage
26 to 29 system
27 the 29 system
28 dopaminergic 29 system
30 before 34 symptoms
30 before 35 appear
31 the 32 first
31 the 34 symptoms
33 motor 34 symptoms
34 symptoms 35 appear

these observations suggest that younger pd patients have more efficient compensatory mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 observations
2 observations 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 patients
4 that 8 have
5 younger 7 patients
6 pd 7 patients
7 patients 8 have
8 have 12 mechanisms
9 more 10 efficient
10 efficient 12 mechanisms
11 compensatory 12 mechanisms

introduction [:] diverse evidences have shown that the process of natural aging causes a decline in different cognitive functions , including among them the attentional process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
1 introduction 3 diverse
1 introduction 4 evidences
1 introduction 5 have
3 diverse 4 evidences
5 have 6 shown
6 shown 7 that
7 that 9 process
7 that 13 causes
8 the 9 process
9 process 10 of
9 process 13 causes
10 of 12 aging
11 natural 12 aging
13 causes 15 decline
13 causes 16 in
14 a 15 decline
16 in 19 functions
17 different 19 functions
18 cognitive 19 functions
19 functions 21 including
20 , 21 including
21 including 22 among
21 including 26 process
21 including 27 .
22 among 23 them
24 the 26 process
25 attentional 26 process

aim : to determine how the healthy aging affects to the different attentional networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 15 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 how
5 how 8 aging
5 how 9 affects
6 the 8 aging
7 healthy 8 aging
8 aging 9 affects
9 affects 10 to
9 affects 14 networks
10 to 12 different
11 the 12 different
13 attentional 14 networks

subjects and methods : two groups : young subjects ( 32.5 ± 9.7 years [ )(and an elderly group ( 62.7 ± 4.7 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 subjects 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 groups
4 : 7 :
4 : 26 .
5 two 6 groups
7 : 9 subjects
8 young 9 subjects
9 subjects 16 )(and
10 ( 16 )(and
11 32.5 14 years
12 ± 14 years
13 9.7 14 years
14 years 16 )(and
16 )(and 19 group
16 )(and 24 years
16 )(and 25 )
17 an 18 elderly
17 an 19 group
18 elderly 19 group
20 ( 24 years
21 62.7 24 years
22 ± 24 years
23 4.7 24 years
24 years 25 )

[as] instrument to evaluate the attention process the ant ( attention network test ) was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instrument
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 instrument 3 to
2 instrument 7 process
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 attention
5 the 6 attention
7 process 9 ant
7 process 15 was
7 process 16 used
8 the 9 ant
9 ant 13 test
9 ant 15 was
10 ( 13 test
11 attention 12 network
12 network 13 test
13 test 14 )

results : highly significant differences were observed for all conditions involved in the ant ( no cue , center cue , spatial cue , congruent and incongruent ) between both groups ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 5 differences
2 : 7 observed
3 highly 4 significant
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 were
6 were 7 observed
7 observed 8 for
8 for 9 all
9 all 10 conditions
9 all 11 involved
10 conditions 11 involved
11 involved 12 in
11 involved 29 between
12 in 14 ant
13 the 14 ant
14 ant 26 and
15 ( 26 and
16 no 17 cue
17 cue 18 ,
18 , 20 cue
18 , 21 ,
19 center 20 cue
21 , 23 cue
21 , 24 ,
22 spatial 23 cue
24 , 25 congruent
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 incongruent
26 and 28 )
29 between 31 groups
30 both 31 groups
31 groups 34 <
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.001
34 < 36 )

as for the analysis of network effects , no one showed differences between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 as 2 for
1 as 8 ,
1 as 10 one
2 for 4 analysis
3 the 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
5 of 7 effects
6 network 7 effects
9 no 10 one
10 one 11 showed
11 showed 12 differences
11 showed 13 between
13 between 16 groups
14 the 15 two
15 two 16 groups

considering the block variable , the post [hoc] analysis showed that the orienting network for the young subjects exhibited a normal benefit in the first block while the elderly group don't show that benefit caused by the deficiency using spatial cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 considering 4 variable
1 considering 5 ,
1 considering 9 analysis
2 the 4 variable
3 block 4 variable
6 the 9 analysis
7 post 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 showed
10 showed 11 that
11 that 14 network
11 that 19 exhibited
12 the 14 network
13 orienting 14 network
14 network 15 for
14 network 19 exhibited
15 for 18 subjects
16 the 18 subjects
17 young 18 subjects
19 exhibited 22 benefit
19 exhibited 23 in
19 exhibited 27 while
19 exhibited 36 by
20 a 21 normal
20 a 22 benefit
21 normal 22 benefit
23 in 26 block
24 the 26 block
25 first 26 block
27 while 30 group
27 while 32 show
28 the 30 group
29 elderly 30 group
30 group 31 don't
31 don't 32 show
32 show 34 benefit
33 that 34 benefit
34 benefit 35 caused
36 by 38 deficiency
37 the 38 deficiency
38 deficiency 39 using
39 using 41 cues
40 spatial 41 cues

moreover , the alerting network showed a bigger effect in the first block regarding the second one in the older adults and the opposed effect for the executive and orienting network was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 network
3 the 5 network
4 alerting 5 network
5 network 6 showed
6 showed 9 effect
6 showed 33 observed
7 a 9 effect
8 bigger 9 effect
9 effect 10 in
9 effect 14 regarding
9 effect 18 in
9 effect 32 was
10 in 13 block
11 the 12 first
11 the 13 block
14 regarding 17 one
15 the 17 one
16 second 17 one
18 in 22 and
19 the 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
21 adults 22 and
22 and 25 effect
22 and 26 for
23 the 25 effect
24 opposed 25 effect
26 for 29 and
27 the 28 executive
28 executive 29 and
29 and 31 network
30 orienting 31 network
32 was 33 observed

conclusions : the obtained data show that a decrease exists in the speed processing in the elderly group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 6 show
3 the 6 show
4 obtained 5 data
5 data 6 show
6 show 7 that
6 show 14 processing
7 that 9 decrease
7 that 10 exists
8 a 9 decrease
9 decrease 10 exists
10 exists 11 in
11 in 13 speed
12 the 13 speed
13 speed 14 processing
14 processing 15 in
15 in 18 group
16 the 18 group
17 elderly 18 group

in the orienting network [seems] that the older adults require [a] bigger training period to use the spatial cues , although later on , they can benefit from the same cues almost at the same level that [the] young subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 4 network
1 in 27 benefit
2 the 4 network
3 orienting 4 network
4 network 6 that
4 network 10 require
4 network 12 bigger
4 network 13 training
6 that 9 adults
6 that 10 require
7 the 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
9 adults 10 require
13 training 14 period
13 training 15 to
13 training 26 can
15 to 16 use
16 use 19 cues
16 use 21 although
17 the 19 cues
18 spatial 19 cues
20 , 21 although
21 although 25 they
22 later 23 on
23 on 24 ,
23 on 25 they
25 they 26 can
27 benefit 28 from
27 benefit 32 almost
28 from 31 cues
29 the 30 same
29 the 31 cues
32 almost 33 at
33 at 40 subjects
34 the 35 same
35 same 40 subjects
36 level 40 subjects
37 that 39 young
39 young 40 subjects

the search for the holy grail in facial rejuvenation is an ongoing quest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 search
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 search
2 search 3 for
2 search 10 is
3 for 6 grail
4 the 6 grail
5 holy 6 grail
6 grail 7 in
7 in 9 rejuvenation
8 facial 9 rejuvenation
10 is 13 quest
11 an 12 ongoing
11 an 13 quest
12 ongoing 13 quest

perhaps the reason the " ideal " [face] - lift has yet to be discovered is a result of three factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reason
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 perhaps 3 reason
2 the 3 reason
3 reason 10 lift
3 reason 11 has
3 reason 16 is
4 the 5 "
4 the 10 lift
6 ideal 7 "
6 ideal 9 -
6 ideal 10 lift
10 lift 11 has
11 has 13 to
11 has 15 discovered
12 yet 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 discovered
16 is 18 result
17 a 18 result
18 result 19 of
19 of 21 factors
20 three 21 factors

first , the term face - lift has never been adequately defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 lift
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 7 lift
3 the 4 term
4 term 7 lift
5 face 7 lift
6 - 7 lift
7 lift 8 has
8 has 10 been
9 never 10 been
10 been 12 defined
11 adequately 12 defined

second , fads and trends play a role in [how] the operation is taught and performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 6 play
3 fads 4 and
4 and 5 trends
4 and 6 play
6 play 8 role
6 play 13 is
6 play 15 and
7 a 8 role
8 role 9 in
8 role 13 is
9 in 12 operation
11 the 12 operation
14 taught 15 and
15 and 16 performed

third , surgeons searching for the prototypic technique have not had a way to index the physical signs of facial aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 surgeons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 third 2 ,
1 third 3 surgeons
3 surgeons 4 searching
3 surgeons 9 have
4 searching 5 for
5 for 8 technique
6 the 8 technique
7 prototypic 8 technique
9 have 10 not
9 have 11 had
11 had 13 way
12 a 13 way
13 way 14 to
13 way 15 index
14 to 15 index
15 index 18 signs
16 the 18 signs
17 physical 18 signs
18 signs 19 of
19 of 21 aging
20 facial 21 aging

after 37 years of practicing facial plastic surgery and performing more than 5000 face - lifts , the author determined that replacing chaos with order is long overdue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 author
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 after 2 37
1 after 19 author
2 37 3 years
2 37 14 face
2 37 16 lifts
3 years 4 of
3 years 14 face
4 of 5 practicing
5 practicing 9 and
5 practicing 11 more
5 practicing 12 than
6 facial 8 surgery
7 plastic 8 surgery
8 surgery 9 and
9 and 10 performing
12 than 13 5000
15 - 16 lifts
16 lifts 17 ,
18 the 19 author
19 author 20 determined
20 determined 21 that
21 that 22 replacing
21 that 26 is
22 replacing 23 chaos
22 replacing 26 is
23 chaos 24 with
24 with 25 order
26 is 27 long
26 is 28 overdue

to achieve this goal , he developed a classification system that is designed to match each potential patient 's problems with the most appropriate facial rejuvenation treatment plan and a " language " by which facial rejuvenation surgeons can communicate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 to 2 achieve
2 achieve 4 goal
3 this 4 goal
5 , 6 he
5 , 7 developed
6 he 7 developed
7 developed 10 system
8 a 9 classification
8 a 10 system
9 classification 10 system
10 system 13 designed
11 that 12 is
12 is 13 designed
13 designed 14 to
13 designed 21 with
14 to 15 match
15 match 20 problems
16 each 18 patient
17 potential 18 patient
18 patient 19 's
19 's 20 problems
21 with 29 and
22 the 28 plan
23 most 24 appropriate
24 appropriate 25 facial
25 facial 28 plan
26 rejuvenation 28 plan
27 treatment 28 plan
28 plan 29 and
29 and 32 language
29 and 41 .
30 a 31 "
30 a 32 language
32 language 33 "
32 language 34 by
34 by 35 which
34 by 37 rejuvenation
34 by 38 surgeons
34 by 40 communicate
35 which 37 rejuvenation
36 facial 37 rejuvenation
38 surgeons 39 can
39 can 40 communicate

five progressive stages of aging have been identified and matched with recommended courses of face - lifting , blepharoplasty , volume augmentation , and skin resurfacing techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 five
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 five 3 stages
1 five 14 of
1 five 15 face
2 progressive 3 stages
3 stages 4 of
3 stages 6 have
4 of 5 aging
6 have 7 been
7 been 9 and
8 identified 9 and
9 and 10 matched
10 matched 11 with
11 with 13 courses
12 recommended 13 courses
13 courses 14 of
16 - 24 and
17 lifting 18 ,
18 , 19 blepharoplasty
18 , 20 ,
20 , 22 augmentation
20 , 24 and
21 volume 22 augmentation
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 techniques
25 skin 26 resurfacing
26 resurfacing 27 techniques

ancillary procedures have also been included when indicated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 ancillary 2 procedures
2 procedures 3 have
3 have 5 been
4 also 5 been
5 been 6 included
6 included 7 when
7 when 8 indicated

it is the author 's hope that a new classification system will bring order to mounting confusion within the aesthetic surgery professions as well as within the public sector . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 6 hope
2 is 7 that
2 is 13 bring
2 is 25 as
3 the 4 author
4 author 5 's
5 's 6 hope
7 that 11 system
7 that 13 bring
8 a 9 new
8 a 11 system
9 new 10 classification
10 classification 11 system
11 system 12 will
12 will 13 bring
13 bring 14 order
14 order 15 to
15 to 16 mounting
16 mounting 17 confusion
16 mounting 23 as
17 confusion 18 within
18 within 22 professions
19 the 22 professions
20 aesthetic 21 surgery
21 surgery 22 professions
23 as 24 well
25 as 26 within
26 within 29 sector
27 the 29 sector
28 public 29 sector

there is an unprecedented acceptance of rhytidectomy by today 's society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 acceptance
3 an 4 unprecedented
3 an 5 acceptance
4 unprecedented 5 acceptance
5 acceptance 6 of
6 of 7 rhytidectomy
7 rhytidectomy 8 by
8 by 11 society
9 today 10 's
10 's 11 society

no longer limited to the affluent few , middle class citizens are devoting their expendable income to achieve a more youthful appearance that is natural and inconspicuous . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 no 2 longer
2 longer 3 limited
3 limited 4 to
3 limited 7 few
3 limited 8 ,
4 to 6 affluent
5 the 6 affluent
8 , 18 achieve
9 middle 11 citizens
10 class 11 citizens
11 citizens 12 are
12 are 13 devoting
13 devoting 16 income
13 devoting 17 to
14 their 16 income
15 expendable 16 income
17 to 18 achieve
18 achieve 22 appearance
19 a 22 appearance
20 more 21 youthful
21 youthful 22 appearance
22 appearance 23 that
22 appearance 24 is
23 that 24 is
24 is 26 and
25 natural 26 and
26 and 27 inconspicuous

despite recent difficult economic times , the mindset of the working population continues to be welcoming of rhytidectomy as a way to achieve a refreshed look while expecting minimal downtime and morbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mindset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 despite 5 times
1 despite 6 ,
1 despite 8 mindset
2 recent 5 times
3 difficult 5 times
4 economic 5 times
7 the 8 mindset
8 mindset 9 of
8 mindset 13 continues
9 of 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 working 12 population
13 continues 14 to
13 continues 19 as
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 welcoming
16 welcoming 17 of
17 of 18 rhytidectomy
19 as 21 way
20 a 21 way
21 way 22 to
21 way 23 achieve
22 to 23 achieve
23 achieve 26 look
23 achieve 27 while
24 a 26 look
25 refreshed 26 look
27 while 28 expecting
28 expecting 31 and
29 minimal 30 downtime
30 downtime 31 and
31 and 32 morbidity

to achieve these results , the current literature has described an array of techniques ; however , there is no consensus on a preferred method , which reflects limitations and advantages inherent to every style of face [-] lifting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 to 2 achieve
2 achieve 4 results
3 these 4 results
5 , 8 literature
5 , 10 described
5 , 15 ;
6 the 8 literature
7 current 8 literature
8 literature 9 has
9 has 10 described
10 described 12 array
11 an 12 array
12 array 13 of
13 of 14 techniques
15 ; 18 there
15 ; 19 is
15 ; 26 ,
16 however 17 ,
16 however 18 there
18 there 19 is
19 is 21 consensus
19 is 22 on
20 no 21 consensus
22 on 25 method
23 a 25 method
24 preferred 25 method
26 , 27 which
26 , 28 reflects
27 which 28 reflects
28 reflects 30 and
29 limitations 30 and
30 and 31 advantages
31 advantages 32 inherent
31 advantages 36 of
32 inherent 33 to
33 to 35 style
34 every 35 style
36 of 39 lifting
37 face 39 lifting

each individual patient will have specific needs , and it is key for the facial plastic surgeon to select a technique that can address those areas most affected by the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 each 3 patient
2 individual 3 patient
3 patient 4 will
4 will 5 have
5 have 7 needs
6 specific 7 needs
8 , 9 and
8 , 28 affected
9 and 10 it
9 and 24 address
10 it 11 is
11 is 12 key
12 key 13 for
12 key 21 technique
13 for 17 surgeon
14 the 17 surgeon
15 facial 17 surgeon
16 plastic 17 surgeon
17 surgeon 18 to
17 surgeon 19 select
18 to 19 select
20 a 21 technique
22 that 23 can
23 can 24 address
24 address 26 areas
25 those 26 areas
26 areas 27 most
26 areas 28 affected
27 most 28 affected
28 affected 29 by
29 by 32 process
30 the 32 process
31 aging 32 process

whichever method used , an emphasis on safety is of the utmost importance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 emphasis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 whichever 3 used
1 whichever 4 ,
1 whichever 6 emphasis
2 method 3 used
5 an 6 emphasis
6 emphasis 7 on
6 emphasis 9 is
7 on 8 safety
9 is 10 of
10 of 13 importance
11 the 13 importance
12 utmost 13 importance

a solid understanding of the relevant anatomy is imperative as [is] the awareness of how to best avoid complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 solid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 solid
2 solid 3 understanding
2 solid 4 of
2 solid 8 is
4 of 7 anatomy
5 the 7 anatomy
6 relevant 7 anatomy
8 is 9 imperative
9 imperative 10 as
10 as 13 awareness
12 the 13 awareness
13 awareness 14 of
14 of 15 how
15 how 16 to
15 how 18 avoid
16 to 18 avoid
17 best 18 avoid
18 avoid 19 complications

rhytidectomy can be a challenging procedure , and although complications are fortunately rare , they can be cosmetically devastating and poorly accepted by the elective cosmetic patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rhytidectomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 rhytidectomy 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 6 procedure
4 a 5 challenging
4 a 6 procedure
5 challenging 6 procedure
7 , 8 and
8 and 15 they
8 and 20 and
9 although 10 complications
9 although 11 are
9 although 14 ,
9 although 15 they
10 complications 11 are
11 are 12 fortunately
11 are 13 rare
15 they 20 and
16 can 17 be
16 can 20 and
17 be 18 cosmetically
17 be 19 devastating
20 and 22 accepted
20 and 23 by
21 poorly 22 accepted
23 by 27 patient
24 the 27 patient
25 elective 27 patient
26 cosmetic 27 patient

this article aims at providing a summary of the history , the anatomy , and the currently accepted methods in rhytidectomy , emphasizing principles and practices of safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 aims
3 aims 4 at
4 at 5 providing
5 providing 7 summary
5 providing 20 in
6 a 7 summary
7 summary 8 of
8 of 15 and
9 the 10 history
10 history 11 ,
11 , 13 anatomy
11 , 15 and
12 the 13 anatomy
14 , 15 and
15 and 19 methods
16 the 19 methods
17 currently 18 accepted
18 accepted 19 methods
20 in 25 and
21 rhytidectomy 22 ,
22 , 24 principles
22 , 25 and
23 emphasizing 24 principles
25 and 26 practices
25 and 27 of
27 of 28 safety

whereas traditional concepts of facial aging focus on the descent of soft tissue secondary to gravitational effects , it is now well established that volumetric changes involving different levels of soft tissue loss reveal craniofacial skeletal deficiencies [that] , together , contribute to the changes evident in the aging face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 whereas 3 concepts
1 whereas 19 it
2 traditional 3 concepts
4 of 7 focus
4 of 18 ,
4 of 19 it
5 facial 7 focus
6 aging 7 focus
7 focus 8 on
7 focus 14 secondary
8 on 10 descent
9 the 10 descent
10 descent 11 of
11 of 13 tissue
12 soft 13 tissue
14 secondary 15 to
15 to 17 effects
16 gravitational 17 effects
19 it 20 is
20 is 21 now
20 is 23 established
22 well 23 established
23 established 24 that
24 that 26 changes
24 that 42 contribute
25 volumetric 26 changes
26 changes 29 levels
26 changes 34 reveal
26 changes 42 contribute
27 involving 29 levels
28 different 29 levels
29 levels 30 of
29 levels 34 reveal
30 of 33 loss
31 soft 33 loss
32 tissue 33 loss
34 reveal 37 deficiencies
34 reveal 40 together
35 craniofacial 37 deficiencies
36 skeletal 37 deficiencies
39 , 40 together
40 together 41 ,
42 contribute 43 to
43 to 45 changes
44 the 45 changes
45 changes 46 evident
46 evident 47 in
47 in 50 face
48 the 50 face
49 aging 50 face

thus , effective facial rejuvenation requires a comprehensive paradigm that identifies and addresses all anatomic elements involved in the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rejuvenation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 rejuvenation
3 effective 5 rejuvenation
4 facial 5 rejuvenation
5 rejuvenation 12 and
6 requires 9 paradigm
6 requires 12 and
7 a 8 comprehensive
7 a 9 paradigm
8 comprehensive 9 paradigm
9 paradigm 10 that
9 paradigm 11 identifies
10 that 11 identifies
12 and 13 addresses
12 and 18 in
13 addresses 16 elements
14 all 16 elements
15 anatomic 16 elements
16 elements 17 involved
18 in 21 process
19 the 21 process
20 aging 21 process

contemporary practices in facial rejuvenation have expanded far beyond the rhytidectomy procedure to involve deeper and more fundamental levels of dissection for the purpose of elevating and replacing volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 practices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 expanded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 contemporary 2 practices
2 practices 3 in
2 practices 6 have
3 in 5 rejuvenation
4 facial 5 rejuvenation
6 have 7 expanded
7 expanded 8 far
8 far 9 beyond
8 far 13 to
8 far 14 involve
9 beyond 12 procedure
10 the 12 procedure
11 rhytidectomy 12 procedure
13 to 14 involve
14 involve 19 levels
15 deeper 16 and
16 and 17 more
16 and 19 levels
18 fundamental 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 21 dissection
21 dissection 22 for
21 dissection 25 of
22 for 24 purpose
23 the 24 purpose
25 of 27 and
26 elevating 27 and
27 and 29 volume
28 replacing 29 volume

alloplastic implants [offer] a long - term , multidimensional solution [to] facial rejuvenation by concomitantly augmenting skeletal deficiency , restoring lost soft tissue volume , and smoothing irregularities in the facial contour . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alloplastic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 alloplastic 2 implants
2 implants 7 term
4 a 5 long
4 a 7 term
5 long 6 -
5 long 7 term
8 , 26 and
9 multidimensional 13 rejuvenation
10 solution 12 facial
12 facial 13 rejuvenation
13 rejuvenation 14 by
13 rejuvenation 26 and
14 by 16 augmenting
15 concomitantly 16 augmenting
16 augmenting 18 deficiency
16 augmenting 20 restoring
17 skeletal 18 deficiency
19 , 20 restoring
20 restoring 24 volume
20 restoring 25 ,
21 lost 24 volume
22 soft 24 volume
23 tissue 24 volume
26 and 28 irregularities
27 smoothing 28 irregularities
28 irregularities 29 in
29 in 32 contour
30 the 32 contour
31 facial 32 contour

facial augmentation using implants represents a straightforward , simple procedure with minimal risks and long - lasting benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 augmentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 facial 2 augmentation
2 augmentation 3 using
2 augmentation 4 implants
2 augmentation 5 represents
3 using 4 implants
5 represents 10 procedure
5 represents 11 with
6 a 7 straightforward
6 a 10 procedure
7 straightforward 8 ,
7 straightforward 10 procedure
9 simple 10 procedure
11 with 14 and
12 minimal 13 risks
13 risks 14 and
14 and 18 benefits
15 long 16 -
15 long 18 benefits
17 lasting 18 benefits

by applying accurate and judicious techniques for preoperative analysis , selecting the appropriate [implant] , and with correct surgical placement [of] [the] implants , the facial plastic surgeon can achieve successful facial volumization and restore the youthful appearance of the aging patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 by 2 applying
1 by 24 ,
2 applying 6 techniques
3 accurate 4 and
4 and 5 judicious
4 and 6 techniques
6 techniques 16 and
7 for 9 analysis
7 for 16 and
8 preoperative 9 analysis
9 analysis 11 selecting
10 , 11 selecting
11 selecting 13 appropriate
11 selecting 15 ,
12 the 13 appropriate
16 and 17 with
17 with 20 placement
18 correct 20 placement
19 surgical 20 placement
23 implants 24 ,
24 , 34 and
25 the 28 surgeon
26 facial 28 surgeon
27 plastic 28 surgeon
28 surgeon 29 can
29 can 34 and
30 achieve 33 volumization
30 achieve 34 and
31 successful 33 volumization
32 facial 33 volumization
34 and 35 restore
35 restore 38 appearance
36 the 38 appearance
37 youthful 38 appearance
38 appearance 39 of
39 of 42 patient
40 the 42 patient
41 aging 42 patient

the most significant factor contributing to the overall change in the appearance of an individual 's facial features over time is age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 4 factor
2 most 3 significant
3 significant 4 factor
4 factor 5 contributing
4 factor 21 is
5 contributing 6 to
6 to 9 change
7 the 9 change
8 overall 9 change
9 change 10 in
9 change 13 of
10 in 12 appearance
11 the 12 appearance
13 of 18 features
14 an 15 individual
15 individual 16 's
16 's 18 features
17 facial 18 features
18 features 19 over
19 over 20 time
21 is 22 age

this process of gradual structural weakening of the face begins during the third decade and continues to worsen during the remainder of an individual 's lifetime . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 process
2 process 3 of
2 process 15 and
3 of 6 weakening
4 gradual 6 weakening
5 structural 6 weakening
6 weakening 7 of
7 of 9 face
8 the 9 face
10 begins 11 during
10 begins 15 and
11 during 14 decade
12 the 14 decade
13 third 14 decade
15 and 16 continues
16 continues 17 to
16 continues 18 worsen
17 to 18 worsen
18 worsen 19 during
19 during 21 remainder
20 the 21 remainder
21 remainder 22 of
22 of 26 lifetime
23 an 24 individual
24 individual 25 's
25 's 26 lifetime

here , we discuss how the approach to midface rejuvenation has evolved over time owing to our increased understanding of the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 5 how
5 how 7 approach
5 how 12 evolved
6 the 7 approach
7 approach 8 to
7 approach 12 evolved
8 to 9 midface
9 midface 10 rejuvenation
9 midface 11 has
10 rejuvenation 11 has
12 evolved 13 over
13 over 14 time
14 time 15 owing
15 owing 16 to
15 owing 23 process
16 to 19 understanding
17 our 19 understanding
18 increased 19 understanding
19 understanding 20 of
20 of 22 aging
21 the 22 aging

in addition , we discuss specific techniques that we use that [have] helped us achieve more natural and lasting results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 addition
3 , 4 we
3 , 13 helped
4 we 5 discuss
5 discuss 7 techniques
6 specific 7 techniques
7 techniques 8 that
7 techniques 10 use
8 that 9 we
8 that 10 use
9 we 10 use
11 that 13 helped
13 helped 14 us
13 helped 15 achieve
15 achieve 20 results
16 more 20 results
17 natural 18 and
18 and 19 lasting
18 and 20 results

a patient presenting to a facial plastic surgeon with lower eyelid aging often has accompanying midface descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 descent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 patient
1 a 17 descent
2 patient 3 presenting
3 presenting 4 to
3 presenting 14 has
4 to 8 surgeon
5 a 6 facial
5 a 8 surgeon
6 facial 8 surgeon
7 plastic 8 surgeon
8 surgeon 9 with
9 with 12 aging
10 lower 11 eyelid
11 eyelid 12 aging
13 often 14 has
14 has 16 midface
15 accompanying 16 midface

many surgical options exist to address these deformities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 many 3 options
2 surgical 3 options
3 options 4 exist
4 exist 5 to
5 to 6 address
6 address 8 deformities
7 these 8 deformities

blepharoplasty techniques include [both] the transcutaneous [skin] - muscle flap as well as the transconjunctival approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 blepharoplasty 2 techniques
2 techniques 3 include
3 include 10 flap
5 the 10 flap
6 transcutaneous 8 -
6 transcutaneous 9 muscle
9 muscle 10 flap
10 flap 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 16 approach
14 the 16 approach
15 transconjunctival 16 approach

the midface can be addressed via a multitude of techniques , including percutaneous suspension of the malar fat pad , deep plane dissections , subperiosteal and endoscopic midface lifts , and transorbital approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 can
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 addressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 can
2 midface 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 addressed
5 addressed 6 via
5 addressed 12 including
6 via 10 techniques
7 a 8 multitude
8 multitude 9 of
8 multitude 10 techniques
9 of 10 techniques
11 , 12 including
12 including 14 suspension
12 including 20 ,
13 percutaneous 14 suspension
14 suspension 15 of
15 of 19 pad
16 the 19 pad
17 malar 19 pad
18 fat 19 pad
20 , 23 dissections
20 , 24 ,
21 deep 22 plane
22 plane 23 dissections
24 , 31 and
25 subperiosteal 26 and
26 and 29 lifts
26 and 30 ,
26 and 31 and
27 endoscopic 29 lifts
28 midface 29 lifts
31 and 33 approaches
32 transorbital 33 approaches

[patients] who have some midface ptosis but do not meet the standard criteria for formal midface lifting , or who want to avoid the extended recovery associated with such techniques , could benefit from less invasive procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 lifting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 who 7 but
2 who 17 lifting
3 have 6 ptosis
3 have 7 but
4 some 6 ptosis
5 midface 6 ptosis
7 but 8 do
8 do 9 not
8 do 10 meet
10 meet 13 criteria
10 meet 14 for
11 the 13 criteria
12 standard 13 criteria
14 for 16 midface
15 formal 16 midface
16 midface 17 lifting
18 , 19 or
19 or 20 who
19 or 31 ,
20 who 31 ,
21 want 22 to
21 want 23 avoid
21 want 31 ,
22 to 23 avoid
23 avoid 26 recovery
24 the 26 recovery
25 extended 26 recovery
26 recovery 27 associated
26 recovery 28 with
28 with 30 techniques
29 such 30 techniques
31 , 32 could
31 , 34 from
32 could 33 benefit
34 from 37 procedures
35 less 36 invasive
36 invasive 37 procedures

we propose the extended skin muscle blepharoplasty to address midface descent and lower lid aging to patients as an alternative to formal midface lifting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 propose
2 propose 7 blepharoplasty
3 the 7 blepharoplasty
4 extended 5 skin
5 skin 7 blepharoplasty
6 muscle 7 blepharoplasty
7 blepharoplasty 8 to
7 blepharoplasty 15 aging
7 blepharoplasty 16 to
8 to 12 and
9 address 11 descent
10 midface 11 descent
11 descent 12 and
12 and 14 lid
13 lower 14 lid
16 to 17 patients
17 patients 18 as
18 as 20 alternative
19 an 20 alternative
20 alternative 21 to
21 to 24 lifting
22 formal 23 midface
23 midface 24 lifting

the extended skin muscle blepharoplasty is an excellent technique for patients [with] orbicularis hypertrophy , skin redundancy , a tear trough deformity , and premalar ptosis , as it addresses each of these deformities with minimal downtime . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 blepharoplasty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 addresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 5 blepharoplasty
2 extended 3 skin
3 skin 5 blepharoplasty
4 muscle 5 blepharoplasty
5 blepharoplasty 6 is
6 is 9 technique
7 an 8 excellent
7 an 9 technique
8 excellent 9 technique
9 technique 10 for
9 technique 13 orbicularis
9 technique 15 ,
10 for 11 patients
13 orbicularis 15 ,
14 hypertrophy 15 ,
15 , 16 skin
15 , 30 addresses
16 skin 24 and
16 skin 28 as
17 redundancy 18 ,
18 , 22 deformity
18 , 24 and
19 a 22 deformity
20 tear 22 deformity
21 trough 22 deformity
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 ptosis
25 premalar 26 ptosis
27 , 28 as
28 as 29 it
28 as 30 addresses
29 it 30 addresses
30 addresses 34 deformities
30 addresses 35 with
31 each 32 of
31 each 34 deformities
32 of 34 deformities
33 these 34 deformities
35 with 37 downtime
36 minimal 37 downtime

results for patients with mild but visible midface descent are gratifying . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 for
1 results 10 are
2 for 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 9 descent
5 mild 6 but
6 but 7 visible
6 but 9 descent
8 midface 9 descent
10 are 11 gratifying

blepharoplasty is one of the most popular and common procedures in facial plastic surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 blepharoplasty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 blepharoplasty 2 is
2 is 3 one
3 one 4 of
4 of 10 procedures
5 the 6 most
6 most 10 procedures
7 popular 8 and
8 and 9 common
8 and 10 procedures
10 procedures 11 in
11 in 14 surgery
12 facial 14 surgery
13 plastic 14 surgery

initially performed in 1818 for eyelid reconstruction , blepharoplasty has evolved to become a cosmetic or functional operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 blepharoplasty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 initially 2 performed
2 performed 3 in
2 performed 8 ,
2 performed 9 blepharoplasty
3 in 4 1818
4 1818 5 for
5 for 7 reconstruction
6 eyelid 7 reconstruction
9 blepharoplasty 10 has
10 has 11 evolved
11 evolved 12 to
12 to 13 become
13 become 18 operation
14 a 18 operation
15 cosmetic 16 or
16 or 17 functional
16 or 18 operation

although the surgical approaches are relatively straightforward , achieving natural and predictable results require precision and judgment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 although 4 approaches
1 although 5 are
1 although 13 results
2 the 4 approaches
3 surgical 4 approaches
4 approaches 5 are
5 are 6 relatively
5 are 9 achieving
7 straightforward 8 ,
7 straightforward 9 achieving
10 natural 11 and
11 and 12 predictable
11 and 13 results
13 results 14 require
14 require 16 and
15 precision 16 and
16 and 17 judgment

after performing more than 3500 blepharoplasties , the senior author has learned that the " art of blepharoplasty " has less to do with [how] much skin or fat is removed and is more about understanding the anatomic changes associated with aging , developing an individualized surgical plan , and anticipating postoperative outcomes or complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 author
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 learned
1 after 2 performing
1 after 7 ,
1 after 10 author
2 performing 5 3500
2 performing 6 blepharoplasties
3 more 4 than
4 than 5 3500
5 3500 6 blepharoplasties
8 the 10 author
9 senior 10 author
10 author 11 has
11 has 12 learned
12 learned 13 that
13 that 16 art
13 that 20 has
14 the 15 "
14 the 16 art
16 art 17 of
16 art 20 has
17 of 18 blepharoplasty
18 blepharoplasty 19 "
20 has 21 less
20 has 22 to
20 has 28 or
22 to 28 or
23 do 24 with
23 do 28 or
24 with 27 skin
26 much 27 skin
28 or 32 and
29 fat 30 is
30 is 32 and
31 removed 32 and
32 and 33 is
33 is 34 more
33 is 35 about
35 about 36 understanding
36 understanding 39 changes
37 the 39 changes
38 anatomic 39 changes
39 changes 40 associated
39 changes 41 with
41 with 42 aging
42 aging 44 developing
43 , 44 developing
44 developing 54 or
44 developing 56 .
45 an 48 plan
46 individualized 48 plan
47 surgical 48 plan
48 plan 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 53 outcomes
50 and 54 or
51 anticipating 53 outcomes
52 postoperative 53 outcomes
54 or 55 complications

forehead lifting serves to restore a more youthful appearance as well as [a] more functional and aesthetically pleasing brow position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 forehead 2 lifting
1 forehead 16 and
2 lifting 3 serves
2 lifting 11 well
2 lifting 12 as
3 serves 4 to
3 serves 5 restore
4 to 5 restore
5 restore 9 appearance
6 a 9 appearance
7 more 8 youthful
8 youthful 9 appearance
10 as 11 well
12 as 15 functional
14 more 15 functional
16 and 20 position
17 aesthetically 18 pleasing
18 pleasing 19 brow
19 brow 20 position

the purpose of this review is to describe the pertinent anatomy and forehead aesthetics , then to discuss the patient evaluation , surgical approaches , complications , and nonsurgical adjuncts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 describe
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 12 and
9 the 12 and
10 pertinent 11 anatomy
11 anatomy 12 and
12 and 14 aesthetics
12 and 17 to
13 forehead 14 aesthetics
15 , 17 to
16 then 17 to
17 to 18 discuss
17 to 22 ,
18 discuss 21 evaluation
19 the 21 evaluation
20 patient 21 evaluation
22 , 28 and
23 surgical 24 approaches
24 approaches 25 ,
25 , 26 complications
25 , 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 adjuncts
29 nonsurgical 30 adjuncts

anatomic features reviewed include the layers of the forehead and scalp , blood supply , innervation , musculature , and the temporal branch of the facial nerve anatomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 anatomic 2 features
2 features 3 reviewed
2 features 12 ,
4 include 6 layers
4 include 12 ,
5 the 6 layers
6 layers 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 the 9 forehead
9 forehead 10 and
10 and 11 scalp
12 , 13 blood
13 blood 14 supply
15 , 20 and
15 , 27 nerve
16 innervation 17 ,
17 , 18 musculature
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 branch
20 and 24 of
20 and 27 nerve
21 the 23 branch
22 temporal 23 branch
24 of 26 facial
25 the 26 facial
27 nerve 28 anatomy

forehead aesthetics described include the aging process , with its contributing factors and consequences , and the ideal brow position in women and men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aesthetics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 include
1 forehead 2 aesthetics
2 aesthetics 3 described
2 aesthetics 4 include
4 include 7 process
4 include 9 with
5 the 7 process
6 aging 7 process
8 , 9 with
9 with 16 and
9 with 25 .
10 its 12 factors
11 contributing 12 factors
12 factors 13 and
13 and 14 consequences
13 and 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 position
16 and 21 in
17 the 20 position
18 ideal 20 position
19 brow 20 position
21 in 23 and
22 women 23 and
23 and 24 men

key aspects of the patient evaluation include assessment of skin type ; ptosis [;] [hairline] , brow , and lid position ; symmetry [;] and bony contours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 key 2 aspects
2 aspects 3 of
2 aspects 11 type
3 of 8 assessment
4 the 8 assessment
5 patient 8 assessment
6 evaluation 8 assessment
7 include 8 assessment
8 assessment 9 of
9 of 10 skin
12 ; 19 and
12 ; 22 ;
13 ptosis 16 ,
16 , 17 brow
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 position
20 lid 21 position
22 ; 25 and
23 symmetry 25 and
25 and 27 contours
26 bony 27 contours

pertinent past medical/surgical history as well as family history [are] reviewed , and the need for ophthalmology [evaluation] is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 history
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 pertinent 4 history
2 past 4 history
3 medical/surgical 4 history
4 history 7 as
4 history 19 is
5 as 6 well
6 well 7 as
7 as 13 and
8 family 9 history
9 history 11 reviewed
9 history 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 need
13 and 16 for
14 the 15 need
16 for 17 ophthalmology
19 is 20 discussed

surgical indications and approaches , including direct , coronal , mid - forehead , endoscopic , and trans - blepharoplasty , are reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 surgical 2 indications
2 indications 3 and
3 and 4 approaches
3 and 5 ,
5 , 13 forehead
5 , 14 ,
6 including 13 forehead
7 direct 8 ,
7 direct 13 forehead
9 coronal 10 ,
9 coronal 13 forehead
11 mid 12 -
11 mid 13 forehead
14 , 15 endoscopic
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 trans
17 and 20 blepharoplasty
17 and 22 are
19 - 20 blepharoplasty
20 blepharoplasty 21 ,
22 are 23 reviewed

the advantages and disadvantages of each approach [are] discussed and techniques briefly described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 advantages
2 advantages 3 and
3 and 4 disadvantages
3 and 5 of
5 of 10 and
6 each 7 approach
7 approach 9 discussed
7 approach 10 and
10 and 11 techniques
10 and 13 described
12 briefly 13 described

complications are mentioned , and the article concludes [with] a review of nonsurgical adjuncts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mentioned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 complications 2 are
2 are 3 mentioned
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 article
5 and 8 concludes
6 the 7 article
7 article 8 concludes
8 concludes 11 review
10 a 11 review
11 review 12 of
12 of 14 adjuncts
13 nonsurgical 14 adjuncts

the currently available methods for resurfacing will be addressed in this article , which has been divided into three areas of focus : chemical [peels] , lasers , and dermabrasion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 4 methods
2 currently 3 available
3 available 4 methods
4 methods 5 for
4 methods 7 will
5 for 6 resurfacing
7 will 8 be
8 be 9 addressed
9 addressed 10 in
10 in 12 article
11 this 12 article
12 article 14 which
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 has
14 which 23 :
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 divided
17 divided 18 into
18 into 20 areas
19 three 20 areas
20 areas 21 of
21 of 22 focus
23 : 29 and
24 chemical 26 ,
24 chemical 27 lasers
27 lasers 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 dermabrasion

emphasis will be placed on [chemical] peels , a technique with a long history that provides a very reliable method of resurfacing and that every facial plastic surgeon should be familiar with . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 emphasis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 peels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 emphasis 2 will
1 emphasis 5 on
1 emphasis 7 peels
2 will 3 be
3 be 4 placed
4 placed 5 on
8 , 23 and
9 a 10 technique
10 technique 11 with
10 technique 21 of
10 technique 23 and
11 with 14 history
12 a 13 long
12 a 14 history
13 long 14 history
14 history 15 that
14 history 16 provides
15 that 16 provides
16 provides 20 method
17 a 18 very
17 a 20 method
18 very 19 reliable
19 reliable 20 method
21 of 22 resurfacing
23 and 24 that
23 and 28 surgeon
23 and 32 with
25 every 28 surgeon
26 facial 28 surgeon
27 plastic 28 surgeon
28 surgeon 29 should
29 should 30 be
30 be 31 familiar
31 familiar 32 with

the optimal health [and] appearance of the skin is the result of several factors : extrinsic aging ( uv damage ) , intrinsic aging [(] genetics , lifestyle ) , and hormonal aging ( primarily estrogen loss ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 appearance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 5 appearance
2 optimal 3 health
3 health 5 appearance
5 appearance 6 of
5 appearance 9 is
6 of 8 skin
7 the 8 skin
9 is 11 result
10 the 11 result
11 result 12 of
12 of 14 factors
13 several 14 factors
15 : 17 aging
16 extrinsic 17 aging
17 aging 20 damage
17 aging 31 and
18 ( 20 damage
19 uv 20 damage
20 damage 21 )
22 , 31 and
23 intrinsic 24 aging
23 intrinsic 31 and
24 aging 26 genetics
26 genetics 28 lifestyle
27 , 28 lifestyle
28 lifestyle 29 )
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 hormonal
31 and 33 aging
31 and 37 loss
31 and 38 )
34 ( 35 primarily
34 ( 37 loss
36 estrogen 37 loss
37 loss 38 )

this article intends to take an antiaging and regenerative medicine approach to the aging skin and focus on both the hormonal causes and the intrinsic causes of aging [;] [namely] , hormones , diet , and lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 intends
3 intends 4 to
3 intends 5 take
4 to 5 take
5 take 11 approach
5 take 18 on
6 an 11 approach
7 antiaging 8 and
8 and 9 regenerative
8 and 11 approach
10 medicine 11 approach
11 approach 12 to
12 to 16 and
13 the 15 skin
14 aging 15 skin
15 skin 16 and
16 and 17 focus
18 on 23 and
19 both 23 and
20 the 22 causes
21 hormonal 22 causes
22 causes 23 and
23 and 26 causes
23 and 27 of
24 the 26 causes
25 intrinsic 26 causes
27 of 28 aging
31 , 36 and
32 hormones 33 ,
33 , 34 diet
33 , 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 lifestyle

by taking a functional approach to the evaluation and treatment of the skin , we hope to elucidate the causation of the condition of the skin and provide targeted treatments to improve its quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 by 2 taking
1 by 14 ,
1 by 15 we
2 taking 5 approach
3 a 4 functional
3 a 5 approach
4 functional 5 approach
5 approach 6 to
5 approach 11 of
6 to 9 and
7 the 8 evaluation
8 evaluation 9 and
9 and 10 treatment
11 of 13 skin
12 the 13 skin
15 we 27 and
16 hope 17 to
16 hope 18 elucidate
16 hope 27 and
17 to 18 elucidate
18 elucidate 20 causation
19 the 20 causation
20 causation 21 of
20 causation 24 of
21 of 23 condition
22 the 23 condition
24 of 26 skin
25 the 26 skin
27 and 28 provide
28 provide 30 treatments
28 provide 31 to
29 targeted 30 treatments
31 to 32 improve
32 improve 34 quality
33 its 34 quality

we will sequentially cover the topics of hormonal [decline] and the skin , understanding hormone replacement , aging and the skin , and key nutrients for youthful skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 23 and
2 will 4 cover
2 will 23 and
3 sequentially 4 cover
4 cover 6 topics
4 cover 14 understanding
5 the 6 topics
6 topics 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 hormonal 10 and
10 and 12 skin
11 the 12 skin
13 , 14 understanding
14 understanding 19 and
14 understanding 22 ,
15 hormone 16 replacement
16 replacement 17 ,
17 , 18 aging
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 skin
19 and 22 ,
20 the 21 skin
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 key
24 key 25 nutrients
25 nutrients 26 for
26 for 28 skin
27 youthful 28 skin

we hope to provide a more comprehensive approach to treating the aging face and skin that will provide patients with more long - lasting and youthful results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 hope
2 hope 3 to
2 hope 16 that
2 hope 18 provide
3 to 4 provide
4 provide 8 approach
5 a 8 approach
6 more 7 comprehensive
7 comprehensive 8 approach
9 to 10 treating
9 to 16 that
10 treating 14 and
11 the 13 face
12 aging 13 face
13 face 14 and
14 and 15 skin
16 that 17 will
17 will 18 provide
18 provide 19 patients
18 provide 20 with
20 with 25 and
21 more 24 lasting
22 long 23 -
22 long 24 lasting
24 lasting 25 and
25 and 27 results
26 youthful 27 results

a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the aging face is essential to a safe and effective operation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 thorough
1 a 3 knowledge
2 thorough 3 knowledge
3 knowledge 4 of
3 knowledge 11 is
4 of 6 anatomy
5 the 6 anatomy
6 anatomy 7 of
7 of 10 face
8 the 10 face
9 aging 10 face
11 is 12 essential
12 essential 13 to
13 to 16 and
14 a 15 safe
15 safe 16 and
16 and 18 operation
17 effective 18 operation

over time , the face undergoes changes in skin and subcutaneous tissues evidenced by rhytides and thinning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 undergoes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 over 2 time
1 over 3 ,
1 over 5 face
4 the 5 face
5 face 6 undergoes
6 undergoes 7 changes
6 undergoes 8 in
6 undergoes 14 by
8 in 10 and
9 skin 10 and
10 and 12 tissues
10 and 13 evidenced
11 subcutaneous 12 tissues
14 by 16 and
15 rhytides 16 and
16 and 17 thinning

there are also changes in the tone and character of facial muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 also
2 are 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 the 7 tone
7 tone 8 and
8 and 9 character
8 and 10 of
10 of 12 muscles
11 facial 12 muscles

changes in fat structures in the face cause aesthetic changes that can be addressed surgically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 8 cause
2 in 4 structures
3 fat 4 structures
4 structures 5 in
5 in 7 face
6 the 7 face
8 cause 10 changes
9 aesthetic 10 changes
10 changes 11 that
10 changes 12 can
11 that 12 can
12 can 13 be
13 be 14 addressed
14 addressed 15 surgically

knowledge of the anatomy of the face and neck will aid in understanding the changes that occur with aging and will allow for a more complete strategy in rejuvenating the aging face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 knowledge 2 of
1 knowledge 8 and
2 of 4 anatomy
3 the 4 anatomy
4 anatomy 5 of
5 of 7 face
6 the 7 face
8 and 11 aid
8 and 12 in
8 and 16 that
8 and 17 occur
8 and 20 and
9 neck 10 will
10 will 11 aid
12 in 13 understanding
13 understanding 15 changes
14 the 15 changes
16 that 17 occur
17 occur 18 with
18 with 19 aging
20 and 21 will
20 and 23 for
22 allow 23 for
23 for 27 strategy
23 for 28 in
24 a 27 strategy
25 more 26 complete
26 complete 27 strategy
28 in 29 rejuvenating
29 rejuvenating 32 face
30 the 32 face
31 aging 32 face

advances in health , increased awareness of preventative medicine , and evolution have led to an increasingly older population worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 advances 2 in
1 advances 11 and
2 in 3 health
3 health 6 awareness
4 , 6 awareness
5 increased 6 awareness
6 awareness 7 of
6 awareness 10 ,
7 of 9 medicine
8 preventative 9 medicine
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 evolution
11 and 13 have
13 have 14 led
14 led 15 to
14 led 20 worldwide
15 to 19 population
16 an 19 population
17 increasingly 18 older
18 older 19 population

surgical aesthetic facial rejuvenation has become [increasingly] popular , more accessible , and has lost much of the stigma that it once carried . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rejuvenation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 surgical 4 rejuvenation
2 aesthetic 4 rejuvenation
3 facial 4 rejuvenation
4 rejuvenation 13 and
5 has 6 become
5 has 13 and
6 become 9 ,
8 popular 9 ,
9 , 10 more
9 , 11 accessible
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 has
14 has 15 lost
15 lost 16 much
16 much 17 of
17 of 19 stigma
18 the 19 stigma
19 stigma 20 that
19 stigma 23 carried
20 that 21 it
20 that 23 carried
21 it 23 carried
22 once 23 carried

this review will discuss proper patient analysis and selection for aging face surgery , including medical , anatomic , and psychosocial factors that are involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 4 discuss
4 discuss 8 and
5 proper 6 patient
6 patient 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 and
8 and 9 selection
8 and 10 for
10 for 11 aging
11 aging 13 surgery
11 aging 15 including
12 face 13 surgery
14 , 15 including
15 including 20 and
15 including 22 factors
15 including 26 .
16 medical 17 ,
17 , 18 anatomic
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 psychosocial
22 factors 23 that
22 factors 24 are
23 that 24 are
24 are 25 involved

although the novice facial plastic surgeon typically focuses on facial analysis and operative techniques in aging face surgery , we caution that the patient 's expectations , psychosocial comorbidities , and perioperative interpersonal experiences are the most important factors that yield patient satisfaction , which is the prime outcome that is meaningful in elective cosmetic surgery . 
1 although 6 surgeon
1 although 8 focuses
2 the 6 surgeon
3 novice 4 facial
4 facial 6 surgeon
5 plastic 6 surgeon
7 typically 8 focuses
8 focuses 9 on
8 focuses 35 are
9 on 12 and
10 facial 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 and
12 and 14 techniques
12 and 19 ,
12 and 20 we
12 and 21 caution
13 operative 14 techniques
14 techniques 15 in
15 in 16 aging
16 aging 18 surgery
17 face 18 surgery
20 we 21 caution
21 caution 22 that
22 that 24 patient
22 that 25 's
23 the 24 patient
24 patient 25 's
25 's 31 and
26 expectations 27 ,
27 , 29 comorbidities
27 , 31 and
28 psychosocial 29 comorbidities
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 experiences
32 perioperative 34 experiences
33 interpersonal 34 experiences
35 are 39 factors
36 the 39 factors
37 most 38 important
38 important 39 factors
39 factors 40 that
39 factors 41 yield
40 that 41 yield
41 yield 43 satisfaction
42 patient 43 satisfaction
43 satisfaction 45 which
44 , 45 which
45 which 46 is
45 which 57 .
46 is 49 outcome
46 is 53 in
47 the 49 outcome
48 prime 49 outcome
49 outcome 50 that
49 outcome 51 is
50 that 51 is
51 is 52 meaningful
53 in 56 surgery
54 elective 56 surgery
55 cosmetic 56 surgery

none [earlier] , we showed that the offspring from exceptionally long - [lived] families have [a] more favorable glucose metabolism when compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 showed
4 we 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 offspring
6 that 15 have
7 the 8 offspring
8 offspring 9 from
8 offspring 15 have
9 from 14 families
10 exceptionally 11 long
11 long 12 -
11 long 14 families
15 have 20 metabolism
15 have 21 when
17 more 18 favorable
18 favorable 19 glucose
19 glucose 20 metabolism
21 when 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
23 with 24 controls

we found no difference between the two groups in c - reactive protein levels or in the distribution of c - reactive protein haplotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 difference
2 found 5 between
2 found 9 in
3 no 4 difference
5 between 8 groups
6 the 7 two
7 two 8 groups
9 in 10 c
11 - 13 protein
11 - 14 levels
11 - 15 or
11 - 25 .
12 reactive 13 protein
13 protein 14 levels
15 or 23 protein
15 or 24 haplotypes
16 in 18 distribution
16 in 21 -
16 in 23 protein
17 the 18 distribution
18 distribution 19 of
19 of 20 c
22 reactive 23 protein
23 protein 24 haplotypes

however , among controls higher levels of c - reactive protein were related to higher glucose levels , whereas among offspring levels of c - reactive protein were unrelated to glucose levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 protein
2 , 3 among
3 among 6 levels
3 among 9 -
3 among 11 protein
4 controls 6 levels
5 higher 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 8 c
10 reactive 11 protein
11 protein 12 were
12 were 13 related
13 related 14 to
13 related 19 whereas
14 to 17 levels
15 higher 16 glucose
16 glucose 17 levels
18 , 19 whereas
19 whereas 27 protein
20 among 22 levels
20 among 25 -
20 among 27 protein
21 offspring 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 24 c
26 reactive 27 protein
27 protein 28 were
28 were 29 unrelated
29 unrelated 30 to
30 to 32 levels
31 glucose 32 levels

it is a limitation of the current study that its cross [-] sectional nature does not allow for assessment of cause [-] effect relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 limitation
2 is 9 that
3 a 4 limitation
4 limitation 5 of
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 current 8 study
9 that 14 nature
9 that 18 for
10 its 14 nature
11 cross 14 nature
13 sectional 14 nature
14 nature 15 does
15 does 16 not
15 does 18 for
17 allow 18 for
18 for 19 assessment
19 assessment 20 of
20 of 24 relationships
21 cause 24 relationships
23 effect 24 relationships

one possible interpretation of these data is [that] the offspring [from] long - [lived] families might be able to regulate glucose levels more tightly under conditions of low - grade inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 one 3 interpretation
2 possible 3 interpretation
3 interpretation 4 of
3 interpretation 7 is
4 of 6 data
5 these 6 data
7 is 10 offspring
9 the 10 offspring
10 offspring 15 families
10 offspring 20 regulate
12 long 13 -
12 long 15 families
15 families 16 might
16 might 17 be
17 be 18 able
18 able 19 to
19 to 20 regulate
20 regulate 22 levels
20 regulate 24 tightly
20 regulate 25 under
21 glucose 22 levels
23 more 24 tightly
25 under 26 conditions
26 conditions 27 of
27 of 31 inflammation
28 low 29 -
28 low 31 inflammation
30 grade 31 inflammation

to test this hypothesis , our future research will be focused on assessing the robustness of insulin sensitivity in response to various challenges in offspring from long - [lived] families and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 will
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 to 2 test
1 to 5 ,
1 to 9 will
2 test 4 hypothesis
3 this 4 hypothesis
6 our 9 will
7 future 9 will
8 research 9 will
9 will 31 and
10 be 11 focused
10 be 31 and
11 focused 12 on
11 focused 21 to
11 focused 24 in
11 focused 26 from
12 on 13 assessing
13 assessing 15 robustness
14 the 15 robustness
15 robustness 16 of
16 of 18 sensitivity
17 insulin 18 sensitivity
19 in 20 response
20 response 21 to
21 to 23 challenges
22 various 23 challenges
24 in 25 offspring
26 from 30 families
27 long 28 -
27 long 30 families
31 and 32 controls

[the] [non] - pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis ( oa ) includes exercise therapy ; however , little is known about the specific effect of exercise on the joint per se . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
3 - 5 treatment
4 pharmacological 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 of
5 treatment 11 includes
6 of 7 osteoarthritis
7 osteoarthritis 9 oa
8 ( 9 oa
9 oa 10 )
11 includes 13 therapy
12 exercise 13 therapy
14 ; 17 little
14 ; 19 known
15 however 16 ,
15 however 17 little
17 little 18 is
18 is 19 known
19 known 20 about
19 known 26 on
19 known 30 se
20 about 23 effect
21 the 23 effect
22 specific 23 effect
23 effect 24 of
24 of 25 exercise
26 on 28 joint
27 the 28 joint
29 per 30 se

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of a load - bearing exercise upon cartilage in a single , human osteoarthritic joint determined by biochemical markers of cartilage [turnover] and inflammation in the synovial fluid ( sf ) , serum and urine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 determined
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 investigate
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 12 effects
10 the 12 effects
11 direct 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 15 load
14 a 15 load
16 - 28 determined
17 bearing 18 exercise
17 bearing 21 in
17 bearing 28 determined
18 exercise 19 upon
19 upon 20 cartilage
21 in 27 joint
22 a 23 single
22 a 27 joint
23 single 24 ,
23 single 27 joint
25 human 27 joint
26 osteoarthritic 27 joint
28 determined 29 by
28 determined 37 in
28 determined 48 .
29 by 35 and
30 biochemical 31 markers
31 markers 32 of
31 markers 35 and
32 of 33 cartilage
35 and 36 inflammation
37 in 46 and
38 the 45 serum
39 synovial 45 serum
40 fluid 42 sf
40 fluid 44 ,
40 fluid 45 serum
41 ( 42 sf
42 sf 43 )
45 serum 46 and
46 and 47 urine

workload : 60 % of 1 rm ( repetition maximum ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 workload
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 workload 2 :
2 : 4 %
3 60 4 %
4 % 5 of
5 of 7 rm
6 1 7 rm
7 rm 10 maximum
8 ( 10 maximum
9 repetition 10 maximum
10 maximum 11 )

determination of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein ( comp ) , aggrecan , c - terminal collagen ii [peptide] ( ctx - ii ) and interleukin ( il ) - 6 were performed in synovial fluid ( sf ) , serum and urine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 determination 2 of
1 determination 24 and
2 of 6 protein
3 cartilage 6 protein
4 oligomeric 5 matrix
5 matrix 6 protein
6 protein 8 comp
6 protein 11 aggrecan
7 ( 8 comp
8 comp 9 )
10 , 11 aggrecan
11 aggrecan 14 -
11 aggrecan 22 ii
11 aggrecan 23 )
12 , 14 -
13 c 14 -
14 - 16 collagen
14 - 21 -
15 terminal 16 collagen
16 collagen 17 ii
16 collagen 20 ctx
19 ( 20 ctx
20 ctx 21 -
21 - 22 ii
22 ii 23 )
24 and 25 interleukin
24 and 27 il
26 ( 27 il
27 il 28 )
29 - 30 6
29 - 32 performed
30 6 31 were
31 were 32 performed
32 performed 33 in
33 in 41 and
34 synovial 40 serum
35 fluid 37 sf
35 fluid 39 ,
35 fluid 40 serum
36 ( 37 sf
37 sf 38 )
40 serum 41 and
41 and 42 urine

a significant decrease was found in sf concentration of comp following exercise , whereas aggrecan , ctx [-] ii and il - 6 remained unchanged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 decrease
2 significant 3 decrease
3 decrease 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 in
5 found 8 concentration
6 in 7 sf
8 concentration 9 of
9 of 10 comp
10 comp 11 following
11 following 12 exercise
13 , 23 6
13 , 24 remained
14 whereas 15 aggrecan
14 whereas 23 6
15 aggrecan 21 il
16 , 21 il
17 ctx 19 ii
17 ctx 20 and
20 and 21 il
21 il 22 -
23 6 24 remained
24 remained 25 unchanged

no differences in any of the tested markers were found in serum and urine between baseline and post - exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 5 of
2 differences 9 were
3 in 4 any
5 of 8 markers
6 the 8 markers
7 tested 8 markers
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 in
10 found 15 between
11 in 13 and
12 serum 13 and
13 and 14 urine
15 between 17 and
16 baseline 17 and
17 and 18 post
19 - 20 exercise
19 - 21 .

thirty minutes of mechanical loading of a single knee joint in human subjects with knee oa resulted in a reduced comp concentration in sf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 minutes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 thirty 2 minutes
2 minutes 3 of
2 minutes 17 resulted
3 of 5 loading
4 mechanical 5 loading
5 loading 6 of
6 of 9 knee
7 a 8 single
7 a 9 knee
8 single 9 knee
9 knee 10 joint
10 joint 11 in
10 joint 14 with
11 in 13 subjects
12 human 13 subjects
14 with 16 oa
15 knee 16 oa
17 resulted 18 in
17 resulted 23 in
18 in 22 concentration
19 a 22 concentration
20 reduced 22 concentration
21 comp 22 concentration
23 in 24 sf

during voluntary contractions , motor neurone activity is modulated by descending input and sensory feedback . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 modulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 during 3 contractions
1 during 4 ,
1 during 7 activity
2 voluntary 3 contractions
5 motor 7 activity
6 neurone 7 activity
7 activity 8 is
8 is 9 modulated
9 modulated 10 by
10 by 13 and
11 descending 12 input
12 input 13 and
13 and 15 feedback
14 sensory 15 feedback

impaired excitatory afferent feedback with ageing may , therefore , alter motor control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 feedback
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 alter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 impaired 4 feedback
2 excitatory 4 feedback
3 afferent 4 feedback
4 feedback 5 with
4 feedback 7 may
5 with 6 ageing
7 may 11 alter
8 , 9 therefore
9 therefore 10 ,
9 therefore 11 alter
11 alter 13 control
12 motor 13 control

this study investigated the age - related changes in afferent feedback through the recording of reflex responses during voluntary muscle activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 age
4 the 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 changes
7 related 9 in
7 related 12 through
7 related 18 during
9 in 11 feedback
10 afferent 11 feedback
12 through 14 recording
13 the 14 recording
14 recording 15 of
15 of 17 responses
16 reflex 17 responses
18 during 21 activation
19 voluntary 21 activation
20 muscle 21 activation

short - and long - latency components of the stretch reflex and hoffmann reflex ( h - reflex ) were recorded during voluntary [contractions] ( 10 % of maximal voluntary contraction [;] mvc ) of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles of young and elderly adults ( ≥70 years [ )( 
1 short 3 and
2 - 3 and
3 and 7 components
3 and 12 and
4 long 5 -
4 long 7 components
6 latency 7 components
7 components 8 of
8 of 11 reflex
9 the 11 reflex
10 stretch 11 reflex
12 and 14 reflex
12 and 17 -
12 and 20 were
13 hoffmann 14 reflex
15 ( 17 -
16 h 17 -
17 - 18 reflex
17 - 19 )
20 were 21 recorded
21 recorded 22 during
22 during 23 voluntary
23 voluntary 27 %
23 voluntary 35 of
25 ( 27 %
26 10 27 %
27 % 28 of
27 % 34 )
28 of 33 mvc
29 maximal 30 voluntary
30 voluntary 33 mvc
31 contraction 33 mvc
35 of 39 muscles
36 the 39 muscles
37 ankle 39 muscles
38 dorsiflexor 39 muscles
39 muscles 40 of
39 muscles 47 years
40 of 42 and
41 young 42 and
42 and 44 adults
43 elderly 44 adults
45 ( 47 years
46 ≥70 47 years
47 years 49 )(

furthermore , the modulation of spinal reflex excitability was analyzed at different torque levels ( 10 - 50 % mvc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 modulation
3 the 4 modulation
4 modulation 5 of
4 modulation 9 was
5 of 8 excitability
6 spinal 8 excitability
7 reflex 8 excitability
9 was 10 analyzed
10 analyzed 11 at
11 at 14 levels
12 different 13 torque
13 torque 14 levels
14 levels 20 mvc
15 ( 20 mvc
16 10 17 -
17 - 18 50
17 - 20 mvc
19 % 20 mvc
20 mvc 21 )

however , the area of the [h] [-] reflex increased linearly with the level of contraction up to 50 % mvc in young adults , whereas it slightly increased to 30 % mvc and plateaued thereafter in elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increased
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 area
3 the 4 area
4 area 5 of
4 area 10 increased
5 of 9 reflex
6 the 9 reflex
10 increased 11 linearly
10 increased 12 with
10 increased 22 in
10 increased 26 whereas
12 with 14 level
13 the 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 21 mvc
16 contraction 21 mvc
17 up 18 to
18 to 19 50
19 50 20 %
20 % 21 mvc
22 in 24 adults
23 young 24 adults
25 , 26 whereas
26 whereas 27 it
26 whereas 34 and
26 whereas 40 .
27 it 34 and
28 slightly 29 increased
29 increased 30 to
29 increased 34 and
30 to 33 mvc
31 30 33 mvc
32 % 33 mvc
34 and 35 plateaued
34 and 36 thereafter
34 and 37 in
37 in 39 adults
38 elderly 39 adults

the absence of age - related changes in the short - latency stretch reflex [and] h - reflex areas suggests that the reflex circuitry and the sensitivity of the muscle spindles are not substantially affected by ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 absence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 absence
2 absence 3 of
2 absence 20 suggests
3 of 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 changes
6 related 20 suggests
7 changes 8 in
8 in 19 areas
9 the 19 areas
10 short 14 reflex
10 short 19 areas
11 - 14 reflex
12 latency 13 stretch
13 stretch 14 reflex
14 reflex 16 h
14 reflex 17 -
18 reflex 19 areas
20 suggests 21 that
21 that 25 and
21 that 35 affected
22 the 24 circuitry
23 reflex 24 circuitry
24 circuitry 25 and
25 and 27 sensitivity
25 and 28 of
25 and 32 are
26 the 27 sensitivity
28 of 31 spindles
29 the 31 spindles
30 muscle 31 spindles
32 are 33 not
32 are 34 substantially
32 are 35 affected
35 affected 36 by
36 by 37 ageing

the modest increase in [the] h - reflex area with the contraction intensity in elderly adults , however , indicates that the modulation of afferent feedback is reduced with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 increase
2 modest 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 9 area
3 increase 20 indicates
4 in 6 h
7 - 9 area
8 reflex 9 area
9 area 10 with
9 area 14 in
9 area 17 ,
10 with 13 intensity
11 the 13 intensity
12 contraction 13 intensity
14 in 16 adults
15 elderly 16 adults
17 , 18 however
18 however 19 ,
18 however 20 indicates
20 indicates 21 that
21 that 23 modulation
21 that 28 reduced
22 the 23 modulation
23 modulation 24 of
23 modulation 27 is
24 of 26 feedback
25 afferent 26 feedback
27 is 28 reduced
28 reduced 29 with
29 with 30 advancing
30 advancing 31 age

this observation , associated with a greater long - latency stretch reflex , suggests that elderly adults rely more on central than peripheral mechanisms to regulate motor output of the dorsiflexor muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 observation
2 observation 4 associated
2 observation 14 suggests
3 , 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 13 ,
5 with 12 reflex
6 a 12 reflex
7 greater 10 latency
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 latency
10 latency 12 reflex
11 stretch 12 reflex
14 suggests 15 that
15 that 17 adults
15 that 18 rely
16 elderly 17 adults
17 adults 18 rely
18 rely 19 more
18 rely 20 on
18 rely 25 to
20 on 24 mechanisms
21 central 24 mechanisms
22 than 23 peripheral
23 peripheral 24 mechanisms
25 to 26 regulate
26 regulate 28 output
27 motor 28 output
28 output 29 of
29 of 32 muscles
30 the 32 muscles
31 dorsiflexor 32 muscles

purpose : to evaluate whether retention loss of class v restorations can be simulated in the laboratory and to compare these results with those from clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 5 whether
5 whether 7 loss
5 whether 18 and
6 retention 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
7 loss 12 can
8 of 11 restorations
9 class 10 v
9 class 11 restorations
12 can 18 and
13 be 14 simulated
13 be 18 and
14 simulated 15 in
15 in 17 laboratory
16 the 17 laboratory
18 and 19 to
18 and 20 compare
19 to 20 compare
20 compare 22 results
20 compare 23 with
21 these 22 results
23 with 24 those
24 those 25 from
25 from 27 trials
26 clinical 27 trials

materials and methods : nonretentive [v] - shaped class v cavities were prepared on the lingual and buccal side of extracted premolars , half in dentin and [half] in enamel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 11 cavities
4 : 12 were
5 nonretentive 7 -
5 nonretentive 11 cavities
8 shaped 11 cavities
9 class 10 v
9 class 11 cavities
11 cavities 12 were
12 were 13 prepared
13 prepared 14 on
14 on 19 side
15 the 19 side
16 lingual 17 and
17 and 18 buccal
17 and 19 side
19 side 20 of
20 of 22 premolars
21 extracted 22 premolars
22 premolars 24 half
23 , 24 half
24 half 27 and
24 half 31 .
25 in 26 dentin
25 in 27 and
27 and 29 in
29 in 30 enamel

the comparison groups were the composite without adhesive and a 2 [-] step [etch] - and [-] rinse as ( prime [&] bond nt ) without etching of enamel and dentin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 groups
2 comparison 3 groups
3 groups 16 and
4 were 6 composite
4 were 16 and
5 the 6 composite
6 composite 7 without
7 without 9 and
8 adhesive 9 and
9 and 13 step
9 and 15 -
10 a 13 step
11 2 13 step
16 and 18 rinse
18 rinse 30 and
19 as 24 nt
19 as 26 without
19 as 28 of
19 as 30 and
20 ( 24 nt
21 prime 24 nt
23 bond 24 nt
24 nt 25 )
26 without 27 etching
28 of 29 enamel
30 and 31 dentin

the restored teeth were submitted to an aging process involving 18 months of water storage , three intermittent phases of thermocycling ( tc 10,000 times ) , and two phases of thermomechanical loading ( 1 x 640,000 chewing cycles after 12 months , 1 x 1,200,000 chewing cycles after 18 months ; 100 n sine - wave force profile , pressing with steel ball without lifting ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 teeth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 submitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 68 .
1 the 3 teeth
2 restored 3 teeth
3 teeth 4 were
4 were 5 submitted
5 submitted 6 to
6 to 9 process
7 an 9 process
8 aging 9 process
9 process 10 involving
10 involving 12 months
11 18 12 months
12 months 13 of
13 of 15 storage
14 water 15 storage
16 , 28 and
16 , 52 ;
17 three 19 phases
18 intermittent 19 phases
19 phases 20 of
19 phases 28 and
20 of 21 thermocycling
21 thermocycling 25 times
22 ( 25 times
23 tc 24 10,000
23 tc 25 times
25 times 26 )
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 phases
28 and 31 of
29 two 30 phases
31 of 33 loading
32 thermomechanical 33 loading
33 loading 39 cycles
33 loading 48 cycles
34 ( 39 cycles
35 1 36 x
36 x 37 640,000
36 x 38 chewing
38 chewing 39 cycles
39 cycles 40 after
39 cycles 43 ,
40 after 42 months
41 12 42 months
43 , 48 cycles
44 1 45 x
45 x 46 1,200,000
45 x 47 chewing
47 chewing 48 cycles
48 cycles 49 after
48 cycles 52 ;
49 after 51 months
50 18 51 months
52 ; 55 sine
52 ; 56 -
53 100 54 n
54 n 55 sine
56 - 57 wave
57 wave 58 force
57 wave 59 profile
59 profile 61 pressing
60 , 61 pressing
61 pressing 62 with
61 pressing 67 )
62 with 64 ball
63 steel 64 ball
64 ball 65 without
65 without 66 lifting

retention loss of the restorations was evaluated after every 1000 thermocycles [and] every 120,000 cycles of thermomechanical loading . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 retention 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 6 was
3 of 5 restorations
4 the 5 restorations
6 was 7 evaluated
7 evaluated 8 after
8 after 10 1000
8 after 11 thermocycles
9 every 10 1000
10 1000 11 thermocycles
11 thermocycles 15 cycles
13 every 14 120,000
14 120,000 15 cycles
15 cycles 16 of
16 of 18 loading
17 thermomechanical 18 loading

the databases medline and iadr abstracts were used to search for clinical studies on retention loss involving the adhesive systems that were included in the present study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 databases
2 databases 3 medline
3 medline 4 and
4 and 6 abstracts
4 and 7 were
5 iadr 6 abstracts
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 11 for
8 used 14 on
9 to 10 search
11 for 13 studies
12 clinical 13 studies
14 on 16 loss
15 retention 16 loss
16 loss 17 involving
17 involving 20 systems
17 involving 24 in
18 the 20 systems
19 adhesive 20 systems
20 systems 21 that
20 systems 22 were
21 that 22 were
22 were 23 included
24 in 27 study
25 the 27 study
26 present 27 study

results : retention loss was only observed in the following groups : composite without adhesive ( 100 % after first 1000 tc ) , glass ionomer without conditioner [(] 8 [%] after 6 [months] [;] [33] % after 12 months , 100 % after 18 months [ )(, adhesive without etching ( 17 % after 6 months , 42 % after 12 months ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 retention
2 : 7 observed
2 : 12 :
3 retention 4 loss
3 retention 5 was
3 retention 7 observed
4 loss 5 was
5 was 6 only
7 observed 8 in
7 observed 11 groups
8 in 10 following
9 the 10 following
12 : 13 composite
13 composite 14 without
14 without 26 ionomer
15 adhesive 18 %
15 adhesive 24 ,
15 adhesive 25 glass
16 ( 18 %
17 100 18 %
18 % 19 after
18 % 23 )
19 after 22 tc
20 first 22 tc
21 1000 22 tc
25 glass 26 ionomer
26 ionomer 27 without
26 ionomer 32 after
27 without 28 conditioner
28 conditioner 30 8
32 after 37 %
33 6 37 %
37 % 38 after
37 % 49 adhesive
38 after 40 months
39 12 40 months
40 months 43 %
41 , 43 %
42 100 43 %
43 % 44 after
43 % 48 )(,
44 after 46 months
45 18 46 months
49 adhesive 50 without
50 without 51 etching
51 etching 54 %
52 ( 54 %
53 17 54 %
54 % 55 after
54 % 65 .
55 after 57 months
56 6 57 months
57 months 60 %
58 , 60 %
59 42 60 %
60 % 61 after
60 % 64 )
61 after 63 months
62 12 63 months

the laboratory results , however , matched with the clinical results only for three adhesive systems ( futurabond nr , hybrid bond , xeno iv , 0 % retention loss , 5 studies , observation period between 1.5 and 2 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 matched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 3 results
2 laboratory 3 results
3 results 7 matched
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 matched
7 matched 8 with
7 matched 12 only
7 matched 13 for
8 with 11 results
9 the 11 results
10 clinical 11 results
13 for 16 systems
14 three 16 systems
15 adhesive 16 systems
16 systems 19 nr
16 systems 22 bond
16 systems 25 iv
17 ( 19 nr
18 futurabond 19 nr
19 nr 20 ,
20 , 22 bond
21 hybrid 22 bond
22 bond 23 ,
23 , 25 iv
24 xeno 25 iv
25 iv 30 loss
25 iv 33 studies
25 iv 42 )
26 , 30 loss
27 0 28 %
28 % 30 loss
29 retention 30 loss
30 loss 31 ,
31 , 33 studies
32 5 33 studies
33 studies 41 years
33 studies 42 )
34 , 41 years
35 observation 41 years
36 period 39 and
36 period 41 years
37 between 39 and
38 1.5 39 and
39 and 40 2
41 years 42 )

conclusions : if the materials were applied according to the manufacturer 's instructions , no retention loss was observed in the laboratory model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 if
2 : 9 to
3 if 5 materials
3 if 7 applied
4 the 5 materials
5 materials 6 were
6 were 7 applied
8 according 9 to
9 to 13 instructions
10 the 11 manufacturer
11 manufacturer 12 's
12 's 13 instructions
14 , 17 loss
14 , 19 observed
15 no 17 loss
16 retention 17 loss
17 loss 18 was
18 was 19 observed
19 observed 20 in
20 in 23 model
21 the 23 model
22 laboratory 23 model

the laboratory model did not reflect the clinical findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 model
2 laboratory 3 model
3 model 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 reflect
6 reflect 9 findings
7 the 9 findings
8 clinical 9 findings

neuroprotectin d1 ( npd1 ) is a stereoselective mediator derived from the omega - 3 essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) with potent inflammatory resolving and neuroprotective bioactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 d1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 neuroprotectin 2 d1
2 d1 4 npd1
2 d1 6 is
3 ( 4 npd1
4 npd1 5 )
6 is 28 and
7 a 8 stereoselective
7 a 9 mediator
8 stereoselective 9 mediator
9 mediator 10 derived
9 mediator 11 from
9 mediator 24 with
9 mediator 28 and
11 from 13 omega
12 the 13 omega
13 omega 20 acid
14 - 20 acid
15 3 20 acid
16 essential 18 acid
17 fatty 18 acid
18 acid 20 acid
19 docosahexaenoic 20 acid
20 acid 22 dha
20 acid 23 )
21 ( 22 dha
22 dha 23 )
24 with 27 resolving
25 potent 27 resolving
26 inflammatory 27 resolving
28 and 30 bioactivity
29 neuroprotective 30 bioactivity

npd1 reduces aβ42 peptide release [from] aging human brain cells and is severely depleted in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) [brain] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 npd1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 npd1 11 and
2 reduces 10 cells
2 reduces 11 and
3 aβ42 7 aging
4 peptide 7 aging
5 release 7 aging
7 aging 9 brain
8 human 9 brain
9 brain 10 cells
11 and 12 is
11 and 15 in
12 is 14 depleted
13 severely 14 depleted
15 in 18 disease
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
18 disease 20 ad
19 ( 20 ad
20 ad 21 )

we also show that npd1 downregulates aβ42 - triggered expression of the pro - inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase - 2 ( cox - 2 ) and of b - 94 ( a tnf - α - inducible pro - inflammatory element [ )( apoptosis in hng cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 we 3 show
2 also 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 npd1
4 that 6 downregulates
5 npd1 6 downregulates
6 downregulates 7 aβ42
8 - 10 expression
8 - 14 -
9 triggered 10 expression
10 expression 11 of
11 of 13 pro
12 the 13 pro
14 - 17 cyclooxygenase
14 - 18 -
14 - 35 -
15 inflammatory 17 cyclooxygenase
16 enzyme 17 cyclooxygenase
18 - 21 cox
18 - 25 and
19 2 21 cox
20 ( 21 cox
21 cox 23 2
22 - 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 and 29 94
25 and 34 α
26 of 27 b
26 of 29 94
28 - 29 94
29 94 32 tnf
29 94 34 α
30 ( 32 tnf
31 a 32 tnf
32 tnf 33 -
35 - 37 pro
35 - 38 -
35 - 47 .
36 inducible 37 pro
38 - 43 apoptosis
39 inflammatory 40 element
40 element 43 apoptosis
43 apoptosis 44 in
44 in 46 cells
45 hng 46 cells

moreover , npd1 suppresses aβ42 peptide shedding by down - regulating β - secretase - 1 ( bace1 ) while activating the α - secretase adam10 and up - regulating sappα , thus shifting the cleavage of βapp holoenzyme from an amyloidogenic [into] [the] [non] - amyloidogenic pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 npd1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 holoenzyme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 npd1
3 npd1 4 suppresses
4 suppresses 7 shedding
4 suppresses 20 while
5 aβ42 7 shedding
6 peptide 7 shedding
7 shedding 8 by
7 shedding 16 1
8 by 14 secretase
9 down 12 β
9 down 13 -
9 down 14 secretase
10 - 12 β
11 regulating 12 β
12 β 13 -
15 - 16 1
16 1 18 bace1
16 1 19 )
17 ( 18 bace1
18 bace1 19 )
20 while 21 activating
21 activating 25 secretase
22 the 25 secretase
23 α 24 -
23 α 25 secretase
25 secretase 27 and
25 secretase 39 holoenzyme
26 adam10 27 and
27 and 31 sappα
27 and 32 ,
27 and 34 shifting
27 and 37 of
27 and 39 holoenzyme
28 up 29 -
28 up 31 sappα
30 regulating 31 sappα
33 thus 34 shifting
34 shifting 36 cleavage
35 the 36 cleavage
37 of 38 βapp
39 holoenzyme 40 from
40 from 48 pathway
41 an 48 pathway
42 amyloidogenic 46 -
42 amyloidogenic 48 pathway
47 amyloidogenic 48 pathway

use of the thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma ( pparγ ) agonist rosiglitazone , the irreversible pparγ antagonist gw9662 , [and] overexpressing pparγ suggests that the npd1 - mediated down - regulation of bace1 and aβ42 peptide release is pparγ - dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 overexpressing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 use 24 overexpressing
2 of 6 proliferator
2 of 13 )
2 of 24 overexpressing
3 the 6 proliferator
4 thiazolidinedione 6 proliferator
5 peroxisome 6 proliferator
6 proliferator 10 gamma
7 - 10 gamma
8 activated 9 receptor
9 receptor 10 gamma
10 gamma 12 pparγ
10 gamma 13 )
11 ( 12 pparγ
12 pparγ 13 )
14 agonist 24 overexpressing
15 rosiglitazone 21 gw9662
15 rosiglitazone 24 overexpressing
16 , 21 gw9662
17 the 20 antagonist
18 irreversible 20 antagonist
19 pparγ 20 antagonist
20 antagonist 21 gw9662
21 gw9662 22 ,
24 overexpressing 25 pparγ
24 overexpressing 40 release
24 overexpressing 41 is
25 pparγ 26 suggests
26 suggests 27 that
27 that 39 peptide
27 that 40 release
28 the 39 peptide
29 npd1 31 mediated
29 npd1 34 regulation
30 - 31 mediated
31 mediated 32 down
31 mediated 33 -
34 regulation 35 of
34 regulation 37 and
35 of 36 bace1
37 and 38 aβ42
37 and 39 peptide
41 is 42 pparγ
43 - 44 dependent

in conclusion , npd1 bioactivity potently [down] regulates inflammatory signaling , amyloidogenic app cleavage and apoptosis , underscoring the potential of this lipid mediator to rescue human brain cells in early stages of neurodegenerations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 bioactivity
3 , 8 regulates
4 npd1 5 bioactivity
5 bioactivity 8 regulates
6 potently 8 regulates
8 regulates 15 and
8 regulates 25 to
9 inflammatory 10 signaling
9 inflammatory 11 ,
11 , 14 cleavage
11 , 15 and
12 amyloidogenic 14 cleavage
13 app 14 cleavage
15 and 16 apoptosis
15 and 17 ,
15 and 18 underscoring
15 and 21 of
18 underscoring 20 potential
19 the 20 potential
21 of 24 mediator
22 this 24 mediator
23 lipid 24 mediator
25 to 26 rescue
26 rescue 29 cells
27 human 29 cells
28 brain 29 cells
29 cells 30 in
30 in 32 stages
31 early 32 stages
32 stages 33 of
33 of 34 neurodegenerations

none none purpose : age related [cataract] is the leading cause of blindness in the world today . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 none 2 none
1 none 6 related
1 none 8 is
2 none 3 purpose
2 none 5 age
2 none 6 related
3 purpose 4 :
4 : 5 age
8 is 11 cause
9 the 11 cause
10 leading 11 cause
11 cause 12 of
12 of 13 blindness
13 blindness 14 in
13 blindness 17 today
14 in 16 world
15 the 16 world

the association between dna damage to the lens epithelium and the development of lens opacities has been reported in many studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 6 to
2 association 16 has
3 between 5 damage
4 dna 5 damage
6 to 10 and
7 the 9 epithelium
8 lens 9 epithelium
9 epithelium 10 and
10 and 12 development
10 and 13 of
11 the 12 development
13 of 15 opacities
14 lens 15 opacities
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 reported
18 reported 19 in
19 in 21 studies
20 many 21 studies

polymorphisms of dna repair enzymes may affect repair efficiency and thereby lead to the development of age related [cataract] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 polymorphisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 polymorphisms 2 of
1 polymorphisms 5 enzymes
1 polymorphisms 7 affect
1 polymorphisms 10 and
2 of 3 dna
4 repair 5 enzymes
5 enzymes 6 may
6 may 7 affect
8 repair 9 efficiency
8 repair 10 and
10 and 12 lead
11 thereby 12 lead
12 lead 13 to
13 to 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 age
17 age 18 related

xpd [genotype] was determined by amplification refractory mutation system ( arms ) while xrcc1 was genotyped using the pcr - rflp method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 xpd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 xpd 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
4 determined 13 while
5 by 11 arms
6 amplification 7 refractory
7 refractory 8 mutation
8 mutation 9 system
9 system 11 arms
10 ( 11 arms
11 arms 12 )
13 while 14 xrcc1
13 while 16 genotyped
14 xrcc1 15 was
15 was 16 genotyped
16 genotyped 17 using
17 using 22 method
18 the 22 method
19 pcr 21 rflp
20 - 21 rflp
21 rflp 22 method

results : there was a significant difference between frequencies for xpd - 312 asn/asn [genotype] in cataract patients ( 21.6 % ) and healthy controls ( 13.2 % ; p=0.03 [,] or=1.97 , 95 % ci=1.06 - 3.63 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 p=0.03
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 29 ;
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 difference
4 was 8 between
5 a 7 difference
6 significant 7 difference
8 between 9 frequencies
9 frequencies 10 for
10 for 25 controls
11 xpd 14 asn/asn
11 xpd 23 and
12 - 14 asn/asn
13 312 14 asn/asn
14 asn/asn 16 in
14 asn/asn 22 )
16 in 18 patients
17 cataract 18 patients
18 patients 21 %
19 ( 21 %
20 21.6 21 %
21 % 22 )
23 and 24 healthy
23 and 25 controls
25 controls 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 13.2 28 %
28 % 29 ;
29 ; 30 p=0.03
30 p=0.03 32 or=1.97
32 or=1.97 36 ci=1.06
33 , 36 ci=1.06
34 95 36 ci=1.06
35 % 36 ci=1.06
36 ci=1.06 38 3.63
36 ci=1.06 40 .
37 - 38 3.63
38 3.63 39 )

considering the types of cataract , xpd - 312 asn/asn [genotype] was found to be significantly different in patients with cortical ( 29 % ) type [in] comparison to controls ( 13.2 % ; p=0.03 , or=2.39 , 95 % ci=1.11 - 5.12 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 considering
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 )(
1 considering 4 of
1 considering 10 asn/asn
1 considering 12 was
2 the 4 of
3 types 4 of
4 of 5 cataract
4 of 7 xpd
6 , 7 xpd
7 xpd 8 -
9 312 10 asn/asn
12 was 13 found
13 found 14 to
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 significantly
15 be 17 different
17 different 18 in
17 different 20 with
18 in 19 patients
20 with 28 comparison
20 with 29 to
21 cortical 24 %
21 cortical 26 type
22 ( 24 %
23 29 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 type 28 comparison
29 to 30 controls
30 controls 33 %
31 ( 33 %
32 13.2 33 %
33 % 34 ;
34 ; 37 or=2.39
34 ; 38 ,
35 p=0.03 36 ,
35 p=0.03 37 or=2.39
38 , 41 ci=1.11
38 , 42 -
39 95 41 ci=1.11
40 % 41 ci=1.11
42 - 43 5.12

no statistically significant difference was found for the genotypic and allelic distributions of the polymorphism in xrcc1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 no 4 difference
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 difference
4 difference 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 for
6 found 16 in
7 for 12 distributions
8 the 12 distributions
9 genotypic 10 and
10 and 11 allelic
10 and 12 distributions
12 distributions 13 of
13 of 15 polymorphism
14 the 15 polymorphism
16 in 17 xrcc1

the mdr interaction analysis revealed weak synergism between the markers xpd - asp312asn and xrcc1 - arg399gln contributing [to] cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 the 4 analysis
2 mdr 4 analysis
3 interaction 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 revealed
5 revealed 7 synergism
5 revealed 8 between
6 weak 7 synergism
8 between 11 xpd
9 the 10 markers
10 markers 11 xpd
11 xpd 14 and
12 - 14 and
13 asp312asn 14 and
14 and 15 xrcc1
14 and 16 -
16 - 20 cataract
16 - 21 .
17 arg399gln 18 contributing
18 contributing 20 cataract

it also showed that the aa [genotype] of xpd - asp312asn polymorphism [when] present in combination with the ga [genotype] of xrcc1 [-] arg399gln had [a] fivefold and [with] [aa] [had] a fourfold risk for developing cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 it 3 showed
2 also 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 6 aa
5 the 6 aa
6 aa 8 of
8 of 9 xpd
10 - 12 polymorphism
11 asp312asn 12 polymorphism
12 polymorphism 14 present
12 polymorphism 17 with
14 present 15 in
15 in 16 combination
17 with 28 and
18 the 19 ga
19 ga 21 of
19 ga 28 and
21 of 22 xrcc1
22 xrcc1 24 arg399gln
22 xrcc1 25 had
24 arg399gln 25 had
25 had 27 fivefold
28 and 34 risk
28 and 38 .
32 a 34 risk
33 fourfold 34 risk
34 risk 35 for
35 for 36 developing
36 developing 37 cataract

conclusions : the present study suggests that a polymorphism in xpd codon 312 may be associated with the development [of] maturity onset cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 suggests
2 : 24 .
3 the 5 study
4 present 5 study
5 study 6 suggests
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 9 polymorphism
7 that 16 associated
8 a 9 polymorphism
9 polymorphism 10 in
9 polymorphism 14 may
10 in 12 codon
11 xpd 12 codon
12 codon 13 312
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 23 cataract
18 the 23 cataract
19 development 23 cataract
21 maturity 23 cataract
22 onset 23 cataract

this is the first report on the association [of] xpd asp312asn polymorphism [with] maturity onset cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 report
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 report
5 report 6 on
6 on 16 cataract
7 the 16 cataract
8 association 12 polymorphism
10 xpd 11 asp312asn
11 asp312asn 12 polymorphism
12 polymorphism 16 cataract
14 maturity 16 cataract
15 onset 16 cataract

many families considering posthospital care options are ill - prepared [and] in need of guidance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 families
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
1 many 2 families
2 families 3 considering
2 families 7 are
3 considering 5 care
3 considering 6 options
4 posthospital 5 care
7 are 8 ill
8 ill 10 prepared
9 - 10 prepared
10 prepared 12 in
10 prepared 16 .
12 in 13 need
13 need 14 of
14 of 15 guidance

they may not know the range of available options , the relative benefits of each , or have considered their therapeutic goals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 they 17 or
2 may 3 not
2 may 4 know
2 may 17 or
4 know 6 range
5 the 6 range
6 range 7 of
7 of 9 options
8 available 9 options
9 options 13 benefits
10 , 13 benefits
11 the 13 benefits
12 relative 13 benefits
13 benefits 14 of
13 benefits 16 ,
14 of 15 each
16 , 17 or
17 or 18 have
18 have 19 considered
19 considered 22 goals
20 their 22 goals
21 therapeutic 22 goals

physicians should be informants , advocates , and facilitators of this big leap for their patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 physicians 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 8 and
4 informants 5 ,
5 , 6 advocates
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 facilitators
8 and 10 of
10 of 13 leap
11 this 13 leap
12 big 13 leap
13 leap 14 for
14 for 16 patients
15 their 16 patients

making a good long - term care decision requires information and structure , but such decisions are often made under great time pressure as part of a hospital discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 making
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 making 8 decision
1 making 9 requires
2 a 3 good
2 a 8 decision
3 good 6 term
4 long 5 -
4 long 6 term
6 term 8 decision
7 care 8 decision
9 requires 11 and
10 information 11 and
11 and 12 structure
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 decisions
14 but 19 made
15 such 16 decisions
16 decisions 17 are
17 are 19 made
18 often 19 made
19 made 20 under
19 made 24 as
20 under 23 pressure
21 great 23 pressure
22 time 23 pressure
24 as 25 part
25 part 26 of
26 of 29 discharge
27 a 29 discharge
28 hospital 29 discharge

professional intervention and guidance by an informed [but] disinterested facilitator may be needed , but hospital discharge planners may not be well suited for this role because their mandate is a rapid discharge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 professional 2 intervention
2 intervention 3 and
3 and 4 guidance
3 and 5 by
3 and 11 may
5 by 10 facilitator
6 an 10 facilitator
7 informed 10 facilitator
9 disinterested 10 facilitator
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 needed
14 , 15 but
15 but 18 planners
15 but 21 be
16 hospital 17 discharge
17 discharge 18 planners
18 planners 19 may
19 may 20 not
19 may 21 be
21 be 22 well
22 well 23 suited
23 suited 24 for
23 suited 27 because
24 for 26 role
25 this 26 role
27 because 29 mandate
27 because 30 is
28 their 29 mandate
29 mandate 30 is
30 is 33 discharge
31 a 32 rapid
31 a 33 discharge
32 rapid 33 discharge

physicians have 2 crucial roles in these transitions : to ensure the seamless delivery of primary care and [to] advocate [for] and facilitate , however possible , better decision making . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 physicians 2 have
2 have 5 roles
2 have 6 in
3 2 5 roles
4 crucial 5 roles
6 in 8 transitions
7 these 8 transitions
9 : 10 to
9 : 22 and
9 : 24 ,
9 : 31 .
10 to 22 and
11 ensure 14 delivery
11 ensure 22 and
12 the 14 delivery
13 seamless 14 delivery
14 delivery 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 primary 17 care
17 care 18 and
18 and 20 advocate
22 and 23 facilitate
24 , 28 better
25 however 26 possible
26 possible 27 ,
26 possible 28 better
28 better 30 making
29 decision 30 making

physicians need at least a rudimentary knowledge of the array of options and the implications of each . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 physicians 2 need
2 need 4 least
2 need 7 knowledge
3 at 4 least
5 a 6 rudimentary
5 a 7 knowledge
6 rudimentary 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 8 of
8 of 10 array
9 the 10 array
10 array 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 options 13 and
13 and 15 implications
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 implications
16 of 17 each

even if the physician cannot serve as the planning facilitator , the physician should ensure that this task is done well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 physician
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ensure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 even 2 if
1 even 13 physician
2 if 4 physician
2 if 6 serve
3 the 4 physician
4 physician 5 cannot
5 cannot 6 serve
7 as 10 facilitator
7 as 11 ,
7 as 13 physician
8 the 10 facilitator
9 planning 10 facilitator
12 the 13 physician
13 physician 14 should
14 should 15 ensure
15 ensure 16 that
16 that 18 task
16 that 19 is
17 this 18 task
18 task 19 is
19 is 20 done
20 done 21 well

this review describes the range of options and the implications of each option for long - term care in the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 describes
3 describes 5 range
3 describes 14 for
3 describes 19 in
4 the 5 range
5 range 6 of
5 range 11 of
6 of 8 and
7 options 8 and
8 and 10 implications
9 the 10 implications
11 of 13 option
12 each 13 option
14 for 18 care
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 18 care
19 in 22 states
20 the 22 states
21 united 22 states

it suggests the need for evaluating each patient 's care goals , family circumstances and resources , and clinical status to determine if more aggressive medical care might improve an individual 's clinical trajectory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 it 2 suggests
2 suggests 4 need
2 suggests 5 for
3 the 4 need
5 for 6 evaluating
6 evaluating 11 goals
7 each 8 patient
8 patient 9 's
9 's 11 goals
10 care 11 goals
12 , 14 circumstances
12 , 15 and
13 family 14 circumstances
15 and 18 and
15 and 29 improve
16 resources 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 status
18 and 21 to
18 and 22 determine
18 and 29 improve
19 clinical 20 status
21 to 22 determine
22 determine 23 if
23 if 27 care
23 if 28 might
24 more 25 aggressive
25 aggressive 27 care
26 medical 27 care
27 care 28 might
29 improve 34 trajectory
30 an 31 individual
31 individual 32 's
32 's 34 trajectory
33 clinical 34 trajectory

bace1 ( β - site β - amyloid precursor protein ( app ) - cleaving enzyme 1 ) mediates the first proteolytic cleavage of app , leading to amyloid β - [peptide] ( aβ ) production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bace1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 mediates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 bace1 16 enzyme
1 bace1 19 mediates
2 ( 16 enzyme
3 β 6 β
3 β 16 enzyme
4 - 6 β
5 site 6 β
6 β 10 protein
6 β 14 -
7 - 10 protein
8 amyloid 10 protein
9 precursor 10 protein
10 protein 12 app
10 protein 13 )
11 ( 12 app
12 app 13 )
15 cleaving 16 enzyme
16 enzyme 17 1
16 enzyme 18 )
19 mediates 23 cleavage
20 the 23 cleavage
21 first 23 cleavage
22 proteolytic 23 cleavage
23 cleavage 24 of
24 of 36 production
25 app 27 leading
25 app 34 aβ
25 app 36 production
26 , 27 leading
27 leading 28 to
27 leading 31 -
28 to 29 amyloid
29 amyloid 30 β
33 ( 34 aβ
34 aβ 35 )

it has been reported that [bace1] intracellular trafficking , in particular endosome - to [-] tgn sorting , is mediated by adaptor complexes , such as retromer and golgi - localized [γ] - ear - containing arf - binding proteins ( ggas ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 8 trafficking
4 reported 8 trafficking
5 that 7 intracellular
7 intracellular 8 trafficking
9 , 12 endosome
9 , 20 mediated
10 in 11 particular
11 particular 12 endosome
12 endosome 14 to
12 endosome 19 is
13 - 14 to
14 to 17 sorting
14 to 18 ,
16 tgn 17 sorting
19 is 20 mediated
20 mediated 21 by
21 by 22 adaptor
22 adaptor 23 complexes
22 adaptor 34 ear
23 complexes 26 as
23 complexes 31 localized
23 complexes 34 ear
24 , 26 as
25 such 26 as
26 as 28 and
26 as 30 -
27 retromer 28 and
28 and 29 golgi
28 and 30 -
30 - 31 localized
31 localized 33 -
34 ear 36 containing
35 - 36 containing
36 containing 37 arf
36 containing 44 .
37 arf 39 binding
38 - 39 binding
39 binding 40 proteins
39 binding 43 )
40 proteins 42 ggas
41 ( 42 ggas
42 ggas 43 )

here we investigated whether sortilin , a vps10p domain [-] sorting receptor believed to participate in retromer - mediated transport of select membrane cargoes , contributes to the subcellular trafficking and activity of bace1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
4 whether 5 sortilin
4 whether 25 ,
5 sortilin 12 receptor
5 sortilin 25 ,
6 , 12 receptor
7 a 12 receptor
8 vps10p 9 domain
9 domain 12 receptor
11 sorting 12 receptor
12 receptor 13 believed
12 receptor 16 in
12 receptor 18 -
13 believed 14 to
13 believed 15 participate
14 to 15 participate
16 in 17 retromer
19 mediated 20 transport
19 mediated 25 ,
20 transport 21 of
21 of 24 cargoes
22 select 23 membrane
23 membrane 24 cargoes
25 , 26 contributes
25 , 27 to
27 to 31 and
28 the 30 trafficking
29 subcellular 30 trafficking
30 trafficking 31 and
31 and 32 activity
31 and 33 of
33 of 34 bace1

our initial studies revealed increased levels of sortilin in post - [mortem] brain tissue of ad patients and that overexpression of sortilin leads to increased bace1 - mediated cleavage [of] app in cultured cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 our 3 studies
2 initial 3 studies
3 studies 4 revealed
4 revealed 6 levels
4 revealed 28 mediated
5 increased 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
6 levels 18 and
6 levels 28 mediated
7 of 8 sortilin
8 sortilin 9 in
9 in 10 post
11 - 18 and
13 brain 14 tissue
14 tissue 15 of
14 tissue 18 and
15 of 17 patients
16 ad 17 patients
18 and 20 overexpression
18 and 21 of
18 and 27 -
19 that 20 overexpression
21 of 23 leads
22 sortilin 23 leads
23 leads 24 to
24 to 26 bace1
25 increased 26 bace1
28 mediated 31 app
29 cleavage 31 app
31 app 32 in
32 in 34 cells
33 cultured 34 cells

in contrast , rnai suppression of sortilin results in decreased bace1 - mediated cleavage [of] app . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 5 suppression
2 contrast 13 mediated
3 , 5 suppression
4 rnai 5 suppression
5 suppression 6 of
5 suppression 12 -
6 of 8 results
7 sortilin 8 results
8 results 9 in
9 in 11 bace1
10 decreased 11 bace1
13 mediated 16 app
14 cleavage 16 app

we also found that sortilin interacts with bace1 and that a sortilin construct lacking its cytoplasmic domain , which contains putative retromer sorting motifs , remains bound to bace1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 9 and
4 that 5 sortilin
4 that 6 interacts
4 that 9 and
5 sortilin 6 interacts
6 interacts 7 with
7 with 8 bace1
9 and 10 that
10 that 13 construct
10 that 26 remains
11 a 13 construct
12 sortilin 13 construct
13 construct 14 lacking
13 construct 26 remains
14 lacking 17 domain
15 its 17 domain
16 cytoplasmic 17 domain
17 domain 19 which
18 , 19 which
19 which 20 contains
19 which 25 ,
20 contains 22 retromer
21 putative 22 retromer
22 retromer 23 sorting
23 sorting 24 motifs
26 remains 27 bound
27 bound 28 to
28 to 29 bace1

however , expression of this truncated sortilin redistributes bace1 from the trans - golgi network to the endosomes and substantially reduces the retrograde trafficking of bace1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 redistributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 expression
3 expression 4 of
3 expression 8 redistributes
4 of 7 sortilin
5 this 6 truncated
6 truncated 7 sortilin
8 redistributes 9 bace1
9 bace1 10 from
10 from 12 trans
11 the 12 trans
13 - 19 and
13 - 27 .
14 golgi 19 and
15 network 16 to
15 network 19 and
16 to 18 endosomes
17 the 18 endosomes
19 and 21 reduces
20 substantially 21 reduces
21 reduces 24 trafficking
22 the 24 trafficking
23 retrograde 24 trafficking
24 trafficking 25 of
25 of 26 bace1

site - directed mutagenesis and chimera experiments reveal that the cytoplasmic tail of sortilin , but not those from other vps10p domain receptors ( e.g [.] sorcs1b and sorla ) , plays a unique role in bace1 trafficking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 site 2 -
1 site 5 and
3 directed 4 mutagenesis
4 mutagenesis 5 and
5 and 7 experiments
5 and 8 reveal
6 chimera 7 experiments
8 reveal 9 that
9 that 12 tail
9 that 32 plays
10 the 12 tail
11 cytoplasmic 12 tail
12 tail 13 of
12 tail 16 but
12 tail 32 plays
13 of 14 sortilin
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 not
16 but 18 those
16 but 31 ,
18 those 19 from
18 those 28 and
19 from 23 receptors
20 other 23 receptors
21 vps10p 23 receptors
22 domain 23 receptors
24 ( 28 and
25 e.g 27 sorcs1b
27 sorcs1b 28 and
28 and 29 sorla
28 and 30 )
32 plays 35 role
32 plays 36 in
33 a 35 role
34 unique 35 role
36 in 38 trafficking
37 bace1 38 trafficking

our studies suggest a new function for sortilin as a modulator of bace1 retrograde trafficking and subsequent generation of aβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 function
3 suggest 14 retrograde
4 a 5 new
4 a 6 function
5 new 6 function
6 function 7 for
6 function 9 as
7 for 8 sortilin
9 as 11 modulator
10 a 11 modulator
11 modulator 12 of
12 of 13 bace1
14 retrograde 18 generation
15 trafficking 16 and
16 and 17 subsequent
16 and 18 generation
18 generation 19 of
19 of 20 aβ

limited joint mobility is frequently observed in elderly people and in patients suffering from diabetes , who represent a growing segment of the population of western countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mobility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 limited 3 mobility
2 joint 3 mobility
3 mobility 4 is
4 is 5 frequently
4 is 6 observed
6 observed 10 and
6 observed 14 from
7 in 9 people
7 in 10 and
8 elderly 9 people
10 and 11 in
11 in 12 patients
12 patients 13 suffering
14 from 15 diabetes
16 , 17 who
16 , 18 represent
17 who 18 represent
18 represent 21 segment
19 a 21 segment
20 growing 21 segment
21 segment 22 of
22 of 24 population
23 the 24 population
24 population 25 of
25 of 27 countries
26 western 27 countries

our review wishes to offer the state of art about this interesting topic , which may have important clinical implications , leading to impairment of both basic and instrumental activities of daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 wishes
1 our 2 review
2 review 3 wishes
3 wishes 4 to
3 wishes 5 offer
4 to 5 offer
5 offer 7 state
5 offer 10 about
5 offer 22 leading
6 the 7 state
7 state 8 of
8 of 9 art
10 about 13 topic
11 this 13 topic
12 interesting 13 topic
13 topic 15 which
14 , 15 which
15 which 16 may
15 which 21 ,
16 may 17 have
17 have 20 implications
18 important 20 implications
19 clinical 20 implications
21 , 22 leading
22 leading 23 to
22 leading 30 activities
22 leading 34 .
23 to 24 impairment
24 impairment 25 of
25 of 26 both
27 basic 28 and
28 and 29 instrumental
28 and 30 activities
30 activities 31 of
31 of 33 living
32 daily 33 living

the main causes of a reduced range of motion are degenerative joint diseases and increased stiffness of collagen tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 causes
3 causes 4 of
3 causes 10 are
4 of 7 range
5 a 7 range
6 reduced 7 range
7 range 8 of
8 of 9 motion
10 are 14 and
11 degenerative 13 diseases
12 joint 13 diseases
13 diseases 14 and
14 and 16 stiffness
14 and 17 of
15 increased 16 stiffness
17 of 19 tissue
18 collagen 19 tissue

the main biochemical abnormality , common to aging and diabetes , is the [non] [-] enzymatic glycosilation of collagen , with advanced glycation end product ( age ) formation , which in turn leads to an increase of collagen cross - links . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 abnormality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 the 2 main
1 the 4 abnormality
3 biochemical 4 abnormality
5 , 9 and
5 , 11 ,
6 common 7 to
6 common 9 and
7 to 8 aging
9 and 10 diabetes
11 , 12 is
12 is 17 glycosilation
12 is 18 of
13 the 17 glycosilation
16 enzymatic 17 glycosilation
18 of 19 collagen
19 collagen 21 with
19 collagen 31 which
20 , 21 with
21 with 25 product
21 with 29 formation
21 with 30 ,
22 advanced 23 glycation
23 glycation 25 product
24 end 25 product
25 product 27 age
26 ( 27 age
27 age 28 )
30 , 31 which
31 which 33 turn
31 which 34 leads
31 which 43 .
32 in 33 turn
34 leads 35 to
34 leads 40 cross
35 to 37 increase
36 an 37 increase
37 increase 38 of
38 of 39 collagen
40 cross 42 links
41 - 42 links
42 links 43 .

the most extensive accumulation of ages occurs in tissues that contain proteins with low [turnover] , such as the collagen in the extracellular matrix of articular [capsule] , ligaments and muscle - tendon units . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 accumulation
2 most 13 with
2 most 14 low
3 extensive 4 accumulation
4 accumulation 5 of
4 accumulation 7 occurs
5 of 6 ages
7 occurs 8 in
7 occurs 13 with
8 in 9 tissues
9 tissues 10 that
9 tissues 11 contain
10 that 11 contain
11 contain 12 proteins
14 low 18 as
14 low 34 units
16 , 18 as
17 such 18 as
18 as 30 and
18 as 32 -
19 the 20 collagen
20 collagen 21 in
20 collagen 30 and
21 in 24 matrix
22 the 24 matrix
23 extracellular 24 matrix
24 matrix 25 of
25 of 29 ligaments
26 articular 28 ,
26 articular 29 ligaments
30 and 31 muscle
33 tendon 34 units

the increase in collagen [cross] - linking alters the mechanical properties of these tissues with a decrease in elasticity and tensile strength , and an increase in mechanical stiffness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 alters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 8 alters
3 in 7 linking
4 collagen 6 -
4 collagen 7 linking
8 alters 11 properties
8 alters 18 in
8 alters 27 in
9 the 11 properties
10 mechanical 11 properties
11 properties 12 of
12 of 14 tissues
13 these 14 tissues
14 tissues 15 with
15 with 17 decrease
16 a 17 decrease
18 in 24 and
19 elasticity 20 and
20 and 22 strength
20 and 24 and
21 tensile 22 strength
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 increase
25 an 26 increase
27 in 29 stiffness
28 mechanical 29 stiffness

besides this , ages react with specific cell surface receptors ( rages ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 react
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 besides 2 this
1 besides 3 ,
1 besides 4 ages
4 ages 5 react
5 react 6 with
6 with 10 receptors
7 specific 8 cell
8 cell 10 receptors
9 surface 10 receptors
10 receptors 12 rages
11 ( 12 rages
12 rages 13 )

the engagement of the [ligand] [by] rages triggers cell - [specific] signalling , resulting in enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species and sustained up - regulation of pro [-] inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 engagement
2 engagement 3 of
2 engagement 14 resulting
2 engagement 22 and
3 of 9 cell
4 the 9 cell
7 rages 9 cell
8 triggers 9 cell
9 cell 12 signalling
10 - 12 signalling
12 signalling 13 ,
14 resulting 15 in
15 in 17 generation
16 enhanced 17 generation
17 generation 18 of
18 of 21 species
19 reactive 20 oxygen
20 oxygen 21 species
22 and 26 regulation
22 and 27 of
23 sustained 26 regulation
24 up 25 -
24 up 26 regulation
27 of 32 and
28 pro 31 mediators
30 inflammatory 31 mediators
31 mediators 32 and
32 and 34 molecules
33 adhesion 34 molecules

an appropriate control of the glucose levels and a diet rich in antioxidant agents are recommended in patients with diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 an 2 appropriate
1 an 3 control
2 appropriate 3 control
3 control 4 of
3 control 8 and
4 of 7 levels
5 the 7 levels
6 glucose 7 levels
8 and 10 diet
8 and 11 rich
8 and 15 are
9 a 10 diet
11 rich 12 in
12 in 14 agents
13 antioxidant 14 agents
15 are 16 recommended
16 recommended 17 in
16 recommended 19 with
17 in 18 patients
19 with 20 diabetes

stretching and strengthening programmes are widely used , in order to prevent [and] to reduce joint stiffness , but the improvements with physiotherapy are little and short - lasting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 programmes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
1 stretching 2 and
2 and 3 strengthening
2 and 4 programmes
4 programmes 5 are
5 are 6 widely
5 are 7 used
7 used 9 in
8 , 9 in
9 in 10 order
9 in 18 ,
10 order 11 to
10 order 12 prevent
11 to 12 prevent
12 prevent 14 to
14 to 15 reduce
15 reduce 17 stiffness
16 joint 17 stiffness
18 , 19 but
19 but 21 improvements
19 but 24 are
20 the 21 improvements
21 improvements 22 with
21 improvements 24 are
22 with 23 physiotherapy
24 are 26 and
25 little 26 and
26 and 27 short
27 short 29 lasting
28 - 29 lasting
29 lasting 30 .

several drugs , which can interfere with age formation and removal , or with the cellular effects of ages [,] are under study [(] among [them] pyridoxamine , an active form of vitamin b6 , age - breaker compounds , glucosamine , rutin and derivatives , soluble rage isoforms , and statins ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 several 2 drugs
3 , 4 which
3 , 12 ,
4 which 5 can
5 can 6 interfere
6 interfere 7 with
7 with 10 and
8 age 9 formation
9 formation 10 and
10 and 11 removal
12 , 13 or
12 , 21 are
13 or 17 effects
14 with 16 cellular
14 with 17 effects
15 the 16 cellular
17 effects 18 of
17 effects 21 are
18 of 19 ages
21 are 22 under
21 are 25 among
22 under 23 study
25 among 27 pyridoxamine
27 pyridoxamine 31 form
27 pyridoxamine 37 -
28 , 31 form
29 an 31 form
30 active 31 form
31 form 32 of
31 form 35 ,
32 of 34 b6
33 vitamin 34 b6
35 , 37 -
36 age 37 -
37 - 44 and
38 breaker 39 compounds
39 compounds 40 ,
40 , 41 glucosamine
40 , 42 ,
42 , 43 rutin
42 , 44 and
44 and 45 derivatives
44 and 46 ,
44 and 51 and
46 , 51 and
47 soluble 49 isoforms
48 rage 49 isoforms
49 isoforms 51 and
50 , 51 and
51 and 52 statins
51 and 53 )
51 and 54 .

in experimental animal models , these drugs are effective in reducing diabetic complications due to age formation ; however , further study is necessary before their extensive use in the clinical setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 4 models
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 drugs
2 experimental 3 animal
3 animal 4 models
6 these 7 drugs
7 drugs 8 are
8 are 9 effective
9 effective 10 in
9 effective 15 to
10 in 11 reducing
11 reducing 13 complications
12 diabetic 13 complications
14 due 15 to
15 to 17 formation
16 age 17 formation
18 ; 22 study
18 ; 23 is
19 however 20 ,
19 however 22 study
21 further 22 study
22 study 23 is
23 is 24 necessary
24 necessary 25 before
24 necessary 29 in
25 before 28 use
26 their 28 use
27 extensive 28 use
29 in 32 setting
30 the 32 setting
31 clinical 32 setting

background [:] [falls] in the elderly is nowadays a major concern because of their consequences on elderly general health and moral states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 background 4 in
1 background 7 is
4 in 6 elderly
5 the 6 elderly
7 is 8 nowadays
7 is 11 concern
7 is 13 of
7 is 16 on
9 a 10 major
9 a 11 concern
10 major 11 concern
12 because 13 of
13 of 15 consequences
14 their 15 consequences
16 on 20 and
17 elderly 19 health
18 general 19 health
19 health 20 and
20 and 22 states
21 moral 22 states

moreover , the aging [of] the population and the increasing life expectancy make the prediction of falls more and more [important] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 aging
3 the 4 aging
4 aging 8 and
4 aging 16 of
4 aging 17 falls
6 the 7 population
7 population 8 and
8 and 12 expectancy
8 and 13 make
9 the 12 expectancy
10 increasing 11 life
11 life 12 expectancy
13 make 15 prediction
14 the 15 prediction
15 prediction 16 of
17 falls 19 and
18 more 19 and
19 and 20 more

the analysis presented in this article makes a first step in this direction providing a way to analyze [gait] and classify hospitalized elderly fallers and [non] - faller . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 presented
2 analysis 7 makes
3 presented 4 in
4 in 6 article
5 this 6 article
7 makes 9 first
7 makes 20 and
8 a 9 first
10 step 11 in
10 step 20 and
11 in 13 direction
12 this 13 direction
13 direction 14 providing
14 providing 16 way
15 a 16 way
16 way 17 to
16 way 18 analyze
17 to 18 analyze
20 and 21 classify
21 classify 24 fallers
22 hospitalized 24 fallers
23 elderly 24 fallers
25 and 27 -
25 and 28 faller
27 - 28 faller

this tool , based on an accelerometer network and signal processing , gives objective informations about the gait and does not need any special gait laboratory as optical analysis do . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 tool
2 tool 4 based
2 tool 19 and
3 , 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 12 ,
5 on 9 and
6 an 8 network
7 accelerometer 8 network
8 network 9 and
9 and 11 processing
10 signal 11 processing
13 gives 15 informations
13 gives 16 about
13 gives 19 and
14 objective 15 informations
16 about 18 gait
17 the 18 gait
19 and 20 does
20 does 21 not
20 does 22 need
22 need 30 do
23 any 30 do
24 special 30 do
25 gait 26 laboratory
26 laboratory 30 do
27 as 28 optical
28 optical 29 analysis
29 analysis 30 do

the tool is also simple to use by a [non] expert [and] can therefore [be] widely used on a large set of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 tool
2 tool 3 is
3 is 4 also
3 is 5 simple
5 simple 6 to
5 simple 7 use
6 to 7 use
7 use 8 by
7 use 18 on
8 by 13 can
9 a 13 can
11 expert 13 can
13 can 17 used
14 therefore 17 used
16 widely 17 used
18 on 21 set
19 a 20 large
19 a 21 set
20 large 21 set
21 set 22 of
22 of 23 patients

method : a population of 20 hospitalized elderlies was asked to execute several classical clinical tests evaluating their risk of falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 population
2 : 12 execute
3 a 4 population
4 population 5 of
4 population 9 was
5 of 8 elderlies
6 20 8 elderlies
7 hospitalized 8 elderlies
9 was 10 asked
10 asked 11 to
11 to 12 execute
12 execute 16 tests
13 several 16 tests
14 classical 16 tests
15 clinical 16 tests
16 tests 17 evaluating
16 tests 20 of
17 evaluating 19 risk
18 their 19 risk
20 of 21 falling

they were also asked if they experienced any fall in the last 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 4 asked
3 also 4 asked
4 asked 5 if
5 if 6 they
5 if 7 experienced
6 they 7 experienced
7 experienced 9 fall
7 experienced 10 in
8 any 9 fall
10 in 14 months
11 the 12 last
11 the 13 12
13 12 14 months

the accelerations of the limbs were recorded during the clinical tests with an accelerometer network distributed on the body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accelerations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 accelerations
2 accelerations 3 of
2 accelerations 6 were
3 of 5 limbs
4 the 5 limbs
6 were 7 recorded
7 recorded 8 during
7 recorded 12 with
8 during 11 tests
9 the 11 tests
10 clinical 11 tests
12 with 15 network
13 an 14 accelerometer
13 an 15 network
14 accelerometer 15 network
15 network 16 distributed
16 distributed 17 on
17 on 19 body
18 the 19 body

a total of 67 features were extracted from the accelerometric signal recorded during a simple 25 m [walking] test at comfort speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 6 were
3 of 5 features
4 67 5 features
6 were 7 extracted
7 extracted 8 from
8 from 11 signal
9 the 11 signal
10 accelerometric 11 signal
11 signal 12 recorded
12 recorded 13 during
12 recorded 20 at
13 during 19 test
14 a 15 simple
14 a 19 test
15 simple 19 test
16 25 17 m
17 m 19 test
20 at 22 speed
21 comfort 22 speed

a feature selection algorithm was used to select those able to classify subjects at risk and not at risk for several classification algorithms types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 4 algorithm
2 feature 3 selection
3 selection 4 algorithm
4 algorithm 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 select
7 to 8 select
8 select 9 those
8 select 20 for
9 those 10 able
10 able 11 to
10 able 12 classify
11 to 12 classify
12 classify 13 subjects
13 subjects 16 and
14 at 15 risk
14 at 16 and
16 and 17 not
16 and 18 at
18 at 19 risk
20 for 24 types
21 several 24 types
22 classification 24 types
23 algorithms 24 types

results : the results showed that several classification algorithms were able to discriminate people from the two groups of interest : fallers and [non] - fallers hospitalized elderlies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 13 discriminate
2 : 21 :
2 : 29 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 9 algorithms
6 that 10 were
7 several 9 algorithms
8 classification 9 algorithms
9 algorithms 10 were
10 were 11 able
11 able 12 to
12 to 13 discriminate
13 discriminate 14 people
13 discriminate 15 from
15 from 18 groups
16 the 17 two
17 two 18 groups
18 groups 19 of
19 of 20 interest
21 : 22 fallers
21 : 23 and
23 and 25 -
23 and 26 fallers
23 and 27 hospitalized
26 fallers 27 hospitalized
27 hospitalized 28 elderlies

the classification performances of the used algorithms were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 performances
2 classification 3 performances
3 performances 4 of
3 performances 8 were
4 of 7 algorithms
5 the 7 algorithms
6 used 7 algorithms
8 were 9 compared

moreover a subset of the 67 features was considered to be significantly different between the two groups using a [t] [-] test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 3 subset
2 a 3 subset
3 subset 4 of
3 subset 8 was
4 of 7 features
5 the 6 67
6 67 7 features
8 was 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
9 considered 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 significantly
11 be 13 different
13 different 14 between
14 between 17 groups
15 the 16 two
16 two 17 groups
17 groups 18 using
18 using 22 test
19 a 22 test

conclusions : this study gives a method to classify a population of hospitalized elderlies in two groups [:] at risk of falling or not at risk based on accelerometric data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 9 classify
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 gives
5 gives 7 method
5 gives 8 to
6 a 7 method
8 to 9 classify
9 classify 11 population
9 classify 15 in
9 classify 23 or
9 classify 28 on
10 a 11 population
11 population 12 of
12 of 14 elderlies
13 hospitalized 14 elderlies
15 in 17 groups
16 two 17 groups
19 at 20 risk
19 at 23 or
20 risk 21 of
21 of 22 falling
23 or 24 not
23 or 25 at
25 at 26 risk
26 risk 27 based
28 on 30 data
29 accelerometric 30 data

this is a first step to design a risk of falling assessment [system] that could be used to provide the right treatment as soon as possible before the fall and its consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 step
2 is 6 to
3 a 5 step
4 first 5 step
6 to 7 design
7 design 9 risk
7 design 18 to
7 design 19 provide
8 a 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 12 assessment
11 falling 12 assessment
12 assessment 14 that
12 assessment 15 could
14 that 15 could
15 could 16 be
16 be 17 used
18 to 19 provide
19 provide 22 treatment
19 provide 24 soon
19 provide 25 as
20 the 22 treatment
21 right 22 treatment
23 as 24 soon
25 as 30 and
26 possible 27 before
26 possible 30 and
27 before 29 fall
28 the 29 fall
30 and 32 consequences
31 its 32 consequences

this tool could also be used to evaluate the risk several times during the revalidation procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 tool
2 tool 3 could
3 could 5 be
4 also 5 be
5 be 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 risk
8 evaluate 12 times
8 evaluate 13 during
9 the 10 risk
11 several 12 times
13 during 16 procedure
14 the 16 procedure
15 revalidation 16 procedure

background : mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue ( adsc ) are multipotent stem cells , originated from the vascular - stromal compartment of fat tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 multipotent
3 mesenchymal 4 stem
4 stem 5 cells
5 cells 6 derived
5 cells 7 from
5 cells 11 adsc
5 cells 13 are
7 from 9 tissue
8 adipose 9 tissue
10 ( 11 adsc
11 adsc 12 )
13 are 14 multipotent
14 multipotent 16 cells
14 multipotent 18 originated
15 stem 16 cells
17 , 18 originated
18 originated 19 from
18 originated 28 .
19 from 24 compartment
20 the 24 compartment
21 vascular 22 -
21 vascular 24 compartment
23 stromal 24 compartment
24 compartment 25 of
25 of 27 tissue
26 fat 27 tissue

adsc are used as an alternative cell source for many different cell therapies , however in ischemic cardiovascular diseases the therapeutic benefit was modest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adsc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 adsc 2 are
2 are 3 used
3 used 4 as
4 as 8 source
5 an 6 alternative
5 an 8 source
6 alternative 7 cell
7 cell 8 source
8 source 9 for
9 for 13 therapies
10 many 13 therapies
11 different 12 cell
12 cell 13 therapies
14 , 22 benefit
14 , 23 was
15 however 22 benefit
16 in 19 diseases
16 in 22 benefit
17 ischemic 19 diseases
18 cardiovascular 19 diseases
20 the 22 benefit
21 therapeutic 22 benefit
22 benefit 23 was
23 was 24 modest

one of the reasons could be the use of autologous aged adsc , which recently were found to have impaired functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 5 could
2 of 4 reasons
3 the 4 reasons
5 could 6 be
6 be 8 use
7 the 8 use
8 use 9 of
9 of 12 adsc
10 autologous 12 adsc
11 aged 12 adsc
13 , 14 which
13 , 17 found
14 which 16 were
15 recently 16 were
16 were 17 found
17 found 18 to
18 to 19 have
19 have 20 impaired
20 impaired 21 functions

we therefore analysed the effects of age on age markers and angiogenic properties of adsc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 3 analysed
2 therefore 3 analysed
3 analysed 5 effects
3 analysed 8 on
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 7 age
8 on 11 and
9 age 10 markers
10 markers 11 and
11 and 13 properties
11 and 14 of
12 angiogenic 13 properties
14 of 15 adsc

hypoxic conditioning was investigated as a form of angiogenic stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditioning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 hypoxic 2 conditioning
2 conditioning 3 was
3 was 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 as
5 as 7 form
6 a 7 form
7 form 8 of
8 of 10 stimulation
9 angiogenic 10 stimulation

methods : adsc were harvested from young ( 1 - 3 month ) , adult [(] 12 [month] [ )(and aged ( 18 - 24 month ) mice and cultured under normoxic ( 20 % ) [and] hypoxic ( 1 % ) conditions for 48 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 adsc
2 : 29 and
3 adsc 29 and
4 were 5 harvested
4 were 29 and
5 harvested 6 from
6 from 20 )(and
7 young 9 1
7 young 14 ,
7 young 15 adult
8 ( 9 1
9 1 12 month
9 1 14 ,
10 - 12 month
11 3 12 month
12 month 13 )
15 adult 17 12
15 adult 20 )(and
20 )(and 28 mice
21 aged 23 18
21 aged 28 mice
22 ( 23 18
23 18 26 month
23 18 27 )
24 - 26 month
25 24 26 month
26 month 27 )
29 and 30 cultured
29 and 31 under
29 and 44 for
31 under 43 conditions
32 normoxic 35 %
32 normoxic 43 conditions
33 ( 35 %
34 20 35 %
35 % 36 )
38 hypoxic 41 %
38 hypoxic 42 )
38 hypoxic 43 conditions
39 ( 41 %
40 1 41 %
41 % 42 )
44 for 46 h
45 48 46 h
46 h 47 .

differences in proliferation [,] apoptosis and telomere length were assessed in addition to angiogenic properties of adsc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 6 and
2 in 5 apoptosis
3 proliferation 5 apoptosis
6 and 8 length
6 and 9 were
7 telomere 8 length
9 were 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 in
10 assessed 13 to
11 in 12 addition
13 to 15 properties
14 angiogenic 15 properties
15 properties 16 of
16 of 17 adsc

results : proliferation potential and telomere length were decreased in aged adsc compared to young adsc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 potential
3 proliferation 4 potential
5 and 6 telomere
5 and 11 aged
6 telomere 7 length
6 telomere 10 in
6 telomere 11 aged
7 length 8 were
8 were 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 in
11 aged 12 adsc
12 adsc 13 compared
13 compared 14 to
14 to 16 adsc
15 young 16 adsc

frequency of apoptotic cells was higher in aged adsc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 frequency 2 of
1 frequency 5 was
2 of 4 cells
3 apoptotic 4 cells
5 was 6 higher
6 higher 7 in
7 in 9 adsc
8 aged 9 adsc

gene expression [of] pro - angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) , placental growth factor ( plgf [ )(and hepatic growth factor ( hgf ) were down - regulated with age , which could be restored by hypoxia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 pro
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 gene 4 pro
2 expression 4 pro
5 - 12 factor
5 - 16 ,
6 angiogenic 7 factors
7 factors 12 factor
8 including 12 factor
9 vascular 12 factor
10 endothelial 12 factor
11 growth 12 factor
12 factor 14 vegf
13 ( 14 vegf
14 vegf 15 )
16 , 19 factor
17 placental 19 factor
18 growth 19 factor
19 factor 26 factor
19 factor 30 were
20 ( 26 factor
21 plgf 23 )(and
23 )(and 24 hepatic
23 )(and 25 growth
25 growth 26 factor
26 factor 28 hgf
26 factor 29 )
27 ( 28 hgf
28 hgf 29 )
30 were 31 down
30 were 33 regulated
32 - 33 regulated
33 regulated 34 with
33 regulated 41 by
33 regulated 43 .
34 with 35 age
34 with 40 restored
35 age 37 which
36 , 37 which
37 which 38 could
38 could 39 be
41 by 42 hypoxia

transforming growth factor ( tgf - β ) increased in the old adsc but was reduced by hypoxia.expression of anti - angiogenic factors including thrombospondin - 1 ( tbs1 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor - 1 ( pai - 1 ) did [increase] in old adsc , [but] [could] [be] reduced by hypoxic stimulation . 
1 transforming 2 growth
2 growth 3 factor
3 factor 5 tgf
3 factor 14 but
4 ( 5 tgf
5 tgf 7 β
5 tgf 8 )
6 - 7 β
7 β 8 )
9 increased 10 in
9 increased 13 adsc
9 increased 14 but
10 in 12 old
11 the 12 old
14 but 15 was
15 was 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 by
17 by 18 hypoxia.expression
18 hypoxia.expression 19 of
19 of 31 and
20 anti 21 -
20 anti 23 factors
22 angiogenic 23 factors
23 factors 24 including
23 factors 31 and
24 including 25 thrombospondin
25 thrombospondin 27 1
26 - 27 1
27 1 29 tbs1
27 1 30 )
28 ( 29 tbs1
29 tbs1 30 )
31 and 34 inhibitor
31 and 35 -
31 and 36 1
31 and 42 did
32 plasminogen 33 activator
33 activator 34 inhibitor
36 1 38 pai
36 1 42 did
37 ( 38 pai
38 pai 40 1
38 pai 41 )
39 - 40 1
40 1 41 )
42 did 44 in
42 did 51 reduced
44 in 46 adsc
45 old 46 adsc
47 , 51 reduced
51 reduced 52 by
51 reduced 55 .
52 by 54 stimulation
53 hypoxic 54 stimulation

endostatin ( ends ) was the highest in aged adsc and was also down - regulated by hypoxia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 endostatin 3 ends
2 ( 3 ends
3 ends 4 )
3 ends 11 and
5 was 7 highest
5 was 11 and
6 the 7 highest
7 highest 8 in
8 in 10 adsc
9 aged 10 adsc
11 and 12 was
12 was 13 also
12 was 14 down
14 down 16 regulated
15 - 16 regulated
16 regulated 17 by
16 regulated 19 .
17 by 18 hypoxia

we noted higher gene expression of proteases system factors like urokinase - type plasminogen activator receptor [(] upar ) , matrix metalloproteinases ( mmp2 and mmp9 ) and pai - 1 in aged adsc compared to young adsc , but they decreased in old adsc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 we 2 noted
2 noted 3 higher
2 noted 5 expression
2 noted 10 like
4 gene 5 expression
5 expression 6 of
6 of 9 factors
7 proteases 9 factors
8 system 9 factors
10 like 11 urokinase
11 urokinase 18 upar
11 urokinase 22 metalloproteinases
12 - 18 upar
13 type 16 receptor
14 plasminogen 16 receptor
15 activator 16 receptor
16 receptor 18 upar
18 upar 19 )
20 , 22 metalloproteinases
21 matrix 22 metalloproteinases
22 metalloproteinases 28 and
22 metalloproteinases 39 ,
23 ( 28 and
24 mmp2 25 and
25 and 26 mmp9
25 and 27 )
25 and 28 and
28 and 29 pai
28 and 34 adsc
28 and 35 compared
28 and 39 ,
30 - 31 1
31 1 32 in
32 in 34 adsc
33 aged 34 adsc
34 adsc 35 compared
35 compared 36 to
36 to 38 adsc
37 young 38 adsc
40 but 41 they
40 but 42 decreased
41 they 42 decreased
42 decreased 43 in
43 in 45 adsc
44 old 45 adsc

tube formation on matrigel was higher in the presence of conditioned medium from young adsc in comparison [to] aged adsc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tube
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 tube 2 formation
1 tube 10 of
1 tube 11 conditioned
1 tube 19 aged
2 formation 3 on
2 formation 5 was
3 on 4 matrigel
5 was 6 higher
6 higher 7 in
7 in 9 presence
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
11 conditioned 12 medium
12 medium 13 from
12 medium 16 in
13 from 15 adsc
14 young 15 adsc
16 in 17 comparison
19 aged 20 adsc

conclusions : adsc isolated from older animals show changes , including impaired proliferation and angiogenic stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 adsc
2 : 5 from
3 adsc 4 isolated
5 from 14 and
6 older 7 animals
7 animals 9 changes
8 show 9 changes
9 changes 10 ,
10 , 13 proliferation
10 , 14 and
11 including 12 impaired
12 impaired 13 proliferation
14 and 16 stimulation
15 angiogenic 16 stimulation

angiogenic gene expression can be partially be improved by hypoxic preconditioning , however the effect is age - dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 improved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 angiogenic 3 expression
2 gene 3 expression
3 expression 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 7 be
6 partially 7 be
7 be 8 improved
8 improved 9 by
8 improved 13 however
8 improved 19 dependent
9 by 11 preconditioning
10 hypoxic 11 preconditioning
12 , 13 however
13 however 15 effect
13 however 16 is
13 however 18 -
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 is
16 is 17 age

this supports the hypothesis that autologous adsc from aged subjects might have an impaired therapeutic potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 supports
2 supports 4 hypothesis
3 the 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 that
5 that 7 adsc
5 that 12 have
6 autologous 7 adsc
7 adsc 8 from
7 adsc 11 might
8 from 10 subjects
9 aged 10 subjects
11 might 12 have
12 have 16 potential
13 an 16 potential
14 impaired 16 potential
15 therapeutic 16 potential

objective : to study the alterations in hba ( 1c ) with advancing age in subjects with normal glucose tolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 study
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 study
4 study 6 alterations
4 study 12 with
5 the 6 alterations
6 alterations 7 in
6 alterations 10 1c
7 in 8 hba
9 ( 10 1c
10 1c 11 )
12 with 13 advancing
13 advancing 14 age
13 advancing 15 in
13 advancing 17 with
15 in 16 subjects
17 with 20 tolerance
18 normal 19 glucose
19 glucose 20 tolerance

methods : community - based cross - sectional study involving 2368 subjects aged ≥ 20 years from chandigarh , india . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 community
4 - 6 cross
4 - 7 -
4 - 19 ,
5 based 6 cross
7 - 9 study
7 - 13 aged
8 sectional 9 study
9 study 10 involving
9 study 13 aged
10 involving 12 subjects
11 2368 12 subjects
13 aged 14 ≥
13 aged 17 from
15 20 16 years
16 years 17 from
17 from 18 chandigarh
19 , 20 india

all the subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g anhydrous glucose and were classified as having normal glucose tolerance , pre - diabetes or diabetes according to world health organization 1999 criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 subjects
2 the 3 subjects
3 subjects 15 and
4 underwent 9 test
4 underwent 10 with
4 underwent 15 and
5 an 6 oral
5 an 9 test
6 oral 9 test
7 glucose 8 tolerance
8 tolerance 9 test
10 with 14 glucose
11 75 12 g
12 g 14 glucose
13 anhydrous 14 glucose
15 and 16 were
15 and 30 to
16 were 17 classified
17 classified 18 as
18 as 27 or
19 having 22 tolerance
20 normal 21 glucose
21 glucose 22 tolerance
22 tolerance 23 ,
23 , 26 diabetes
23 , 27 or
24 pre 25 -
24 pre 26 diabetes
27 or 28 diabetes
29 according 30 to
30 to 35 criteria
31 world 32 health
32 health 35 criteria
33 organization 34 1999
33 organization 35 criteria

hba ( 1c ) was measured on a national glycohemoglobin standardization program - certified bio - rad d - 10 system and the data were available for 1972 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hba
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 hba 3 1c
1 hba 5 was
2 ( 3 1c
3 1c 4 )
5 was 6 measured
6 measured 7 on
7 on 12 program
8 a 12 program
9 national 10 glycohemoglobin
10 glycohemoglobin 11 standardization
11 standardization 12 program
13 - 15 bio
13 - 16 -
13 - 30 .
14 certified 15 bio
16 - 21 system
16 - 22 and
17 rad 21 system
18 d 19 -
19 - 20 10
19 - 21 system
22 and 24 data
22 and 25 were
23 the 24 data
24 data 25 were
25 were 26 available
26 available 27 for
27 for 29 subjects
28 1972 29 subjects

results : out of 1972 subjects , 1317 ( 67 % ) subjects had normal glucose tolerance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 subjects
2 : 14 had
2 : 18 .
3 out 4 of
4 of 6 subjects
4 of 13 subjects
5 1972 6 subjects
6 subjects 8 1317
7 , 8 1317
8 1317 11 %
8 1317 12 )
9 ( 11 %
10 67 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 subjects 14 had
14 had 17 tolerance
15 normal 16 glucose
16 glucose 17 tolerance

there was a significant positive correlation between mean hba ( 1c ) and age in these subjects ( r = 0.308 , p [(] [trend] [ )(< 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 13 and
3 a 4 significant
3 a 6 correlation
4 significant 6 correlation
5 positive 6 correlation
6 correlation 7 between
6 correlation 13 and
7 between 9 hba
8 mean 9 hba
9 hba 11 1c
10 ( 11 1c
11 1c 12 )
13 and 14 age
13 and 15 in
13 and 20 =
13 and 27 )(<
15 in 17 subjects
16 these 17 subjects
18 ( 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 0.308
22 , 27 )(<
23 p 27 )(<
27 )(< 28 0.001
27 )(< 29 )

the increase in hba ( 1c ) with each advancing year was 0.01 % above the age of 20 years and corrected hba ( 1c ) ( % [ )( age [was] 5.09 + 0.01 ( age ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 8 with
2 increase 21 and
3 in 4 hba
4 hba 6 1c
5 ( 6 1c
6 1c 7 )
8 with 11 year
9 each 11 year
10 advancing 11 year
12 was 14 %
12 was 21 and
13 0.01 14 %
14 % 15 above
15 above 17 age
16 the 17 age
17 age 18 of
18 of 20 years
19 20 20 years
21 and 22 corrected
21 and 23 hba
23 hba 25 1c
23 hba 34 +
24 ( 25 1c
25 1c 26 )
27 ( 34 +
28 % 31 age
31 age 33 5.09
31 age 34 +
34 + 35 0.01
34 + 38 )
35 0.01 37 age
36 ( 37 age
37 age 38 )

the 95th percentile of hba ( 1c ) exceeded 6.5 % ( 48 mmol/mol ) ( the american diabetes association cut - [off] for diagnosis of diabetes ) in subjects aged ≥ 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 95th
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ≥
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 95th
2 95th 3 percentile
2 95th 9 exceeded
2 95th 32 ≥
3 percentile 4 of
3 percentile 7 1c
3 percentile 9 exceeded
4 of 5 hba
6 ( 7 1c
7 1c 8 )
9 exceeded 11 %
9 exceeded 29 in
10 6.5 11 %
11 % 14 mmol/mol
11 % 20 association
12 ( 14 mmol/mol
13 48 14 mmol/mol
14 mmol/mol 15 )
16 ( 20 association
17 the 18 american
18 american 20 association
19 diabetes 20 association
20 association 21 cut
20 association 28 )
21 cut 24 for
22 - 24 for
24 for 25 diagnosis
24 for 28 )
25 diagnosis 26 of
26 of 27 diabetes
29 in 30 subjects
30 subjects 31 aged
32 ≥ 34 years
33 70 34 years

on multivariate regression analysis , after adjusting for bmi , fasting plasma glucose and 2 - h plasma glucose post - glucose [load] , the correlation of hba ( 1c ) with age still remained significant ( r = 0.241 , p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 on 4 analysis
1 on 24 ,
1 on 26 correlation
2 multivariate 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 6 after
5 , 6 after
6 after 7 adjusting
6 after 24 ,
7 adjusting 8 for
7 adjusting 20 post
8 for 14 and
9 bmi 10 ,
10 , 13 glucose
10 , 14 and
11 fasting 12 plasma
12 plasma 13 glucose
14 and 18 plasma
15 2 16 -
16 - 17 h
16 - 18 plasma
19 glucose 20 post
20 post 22 glucose
21 - 22 glucose
22 glucose 24 ,
25 the 26 correlation
26 correlation 27 of
26 correlation 32 with
26 correlation 35 remained
27 of 28 hba
28 hba 30 1c
29 ( 30 1c
30 1c 31 )
32 with 33 age
34 still 35 remained
35 remained 36 significant
36 significant 39 =
36 significant 43 <
37 ( 39 =
38 r 39 =
39 = 40 0.241
39 = 41 ,
42 p 43 <
43 < 44 0.01
43 < 45 )

conclusion : hba ( 1c ) increases with advancing age [independent] of glycaemia , suggesting caution when seeking to achieve the recommended hba ( 1c ) targets in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 hba
3 hba 7 increases
4 ( 7 increases
5 1c 6 )
5 1c 7 increases
7 increases 8 with
7 increases 12 of
7 increases 14 ,
8 with 9 advancing
9 advancing 10 age
12 of 13 glycaemia
14 , 15 suggesting
14 , 27 targets
15 suggesting 16 caution
15 suggesting 17 when
15 suggesting 27 targets
17 when 18 seeking
18 seeking 19 to
18 seeking 20 achieve
19 to 20 achieve
20 achieve 23 hba
21 the 23 hba
22 recommended 23 hba
23 hba 25 1c
24 ( 25 1c
25 1c 26 )
27 targets 28 in
27 targets 31 population
28 in 30 elderly
29 the 30 elderly

the pathogenesis of alzheimer 's disease involves the progressive accumulation of amyloid β - protein ( aβ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 amyloid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 pathogenesis
2 pathogenesis 3 of
2 pathogenesis 6 disease
2 pathogenesis 11 of
2 pathogenesis 12 amyloid
3 of 5 's
4 alzheimer 5 's
6 disease 7 involves
7 involves 10 accumulation
8 the 10 accumulation
9 progressive 10 accumulation
10 accumulation 11 of
12 amyloid 15 protein
13 β 14 -
13 β 15 protein
15 protein 17 aβ
16 ( 17 aβ
17 aβ 18 )

recent studies using synthetic aβ peptides , a cell culture model , aβ precursor protein transgenic mice models suggest that pre - fibrillar forms of aβ are more deleterious than extracellular fibril forms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 using
2 studies 6 peptides
3 using 5 aβ
4 synthetic 5 aβ
6 peptides 11 model
7 , 11 model
8 a 11 model
9 cell 10 culture
10 culture 11 model
11 model 12 ,
12 , 18 models
12 , 21 pre
12 , 22 -
13 aβ 18 models
14 precursor 15 protein
15 protein 18 models
16 transgenic 17 mice
17 mice 18 models
18 models 19 suggest
19 suggest 20 that
19 suggest 21 pre
22 - 24 forms
22 - 27 are
22 - 34 .
23 fibrillar 24 forms
24 forms 25 of
24 forms 27 are
25 of 26 aβ
27 are 28 more
27 are 29 deleterious
29 deleterious 30 than
30 than 33 forms
31 extracellular 33 forms
32 fibril 33 forms

recent findings obtained using synthetic aβ peptides and human samples indicated that low - [n] oligomers ( from dimers to octamers ) may be proximate toxins [for] [neuron] and synapse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 recent 2 findings
2 findings 3 obtained
2 findings 4 using
2 findings 8 and
4 using 7 peptides
5 synthetic 7 peptides
6 aβ 7 peptides
8 and 10 samples
8 and 11 indicated
9 human 10 samples
11 indicated 12 that
12 that 16 oligomers
12 that 29 and
13 low 14 -
13 low 16 oligomers
16 oligomers 18 from
16 oligomers 29 and
17 ( 18 from
18 from 19 dimers
18 from 22 )
19 dimers 20 to
20 to 21 octamers
23 may 24 be
23 may 29 and
24 be 26 toxins
25 proximate 26 toxins
29 and 30 synapse

here , we review the recent studies on the soluble oligomers , especially low - [n] oligomers in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 7 studies
4 review 8 on
5 the 7 studies
6 recent 7 studies
8 on 11 oligomers
9 the 11 oligomers
10 soluble 11 oligomers
11 oligomers 14 low
12 , 14 low
13 especially 14 low
14 low 15 -
15 - 17 oligomers
17 oligomers 18 in
18 in 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease

advancing age is the major risk factor for the development of cvd ( cardiovascular diseases ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advancing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 advancing 2 age
1 advancing 3 is
3 is 7 factor
4 the 7 factor
5 major 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor
7 factor 8 for
8 for 10 development
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
11 of 12 cvd
12 cvd 15 diseases
13 ( 15 diseases
14 cardiovascular 15 diseases
15 diseases 16 )

this is attributable , in part [,] to the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction , as indicated by reduced peripheral artery edd ( endothelium - dependent dilation ) in response to chemical [ typically ach [(] [acetylcholine] ) ] [or] mechanical [(] intravascular [shear] ) stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 attributable
3 attributable 8 to
3 attributable 31 to
4 , 6 part
4 , 8 to
5 in 6 part
8 to 10 development
8 to 28 )
9 the 10 development
10 development 11 of
10 development 18 by
11 of 14 dysfunction
12 vascular 14 dysfunction
13 endothelial 14 dysfunction
14 dysfunction 17 indicated
15 , 17 indicated
16 as 17 indicated
18 by 22 edd
19 reduced 22 edd
20 peripheral 21 artery
21 artery 22 edd
22 edd 24 endothelium
22 edd 27 dilation
23 ( 24 endothelium
24 endothelium 25 -
25 - 27 dilation
26 dependent 27 dilation
27 dilation 28 )
29 in 30 response
30 response 31 to
31 to 46 stimuli
32 chemical 35 ach
32 chemical 39 ]
32 chemical 46 stimuli
33 [ 34 typically
33 [ 35 ach
35 ach 38 )
41 mechanical 46 stimuli
43 intravascular 45 )
43 intravascular 46 stimuli

reduced bioavailability of the endothelium - synthesized dilating molecule no ( nitric oxide ) as a result of oxidative stress is the key mechanism mediating reduced edd with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bioavailability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 reduced 2 bioavailability
2 bioavailability 3 of
2 bioavailability 15 as
2 bioavailability 18 of
2 bioavailability 21 is
3 of 5 endothelium
4 the 5 endothelium
5 endothelium 10 no
6 - 10 no
7 synthesized 9 molecule
8 dilating 9 molecule
9 molecule 10 no
10 no 13 oxide
10 no 14 )
11 ( 13 oxide
12 nitric 13 oxide
13 oxide 14 )
15 as 17 result
16 a 17 result
18 of 20 stress
19 oxidative 20 stress
21 is 24 mechanism
22 the 24 mechanism
23 key 24 mechanism
24 mechanism 25 mediating
24 mechanism 29 aging
25 mediating 26 reduced
26 reduced 27 edd
26 reduced 28 with
28 with 29 aging

vascular oxidative stress increases with age as a consequence of greater production of reactive oxygen species ( e.g [.] superoxide ) without a compensatory increase in antioxidant defences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 vascular 3 stress
2 oxidative 3 stress
3 stress 4 increases
4 increases 5 with
4 increases 7 as
4 increases 22 without
5 with 6 age
7 as 9 consequence
8 a 9 consequence
9 consequence 10 of
10 of 12 production
11 greater 12 production
12 production 13 of
12 production 20 superoxide
13 of 16 species
14 reactive 15 oxygen
15 oxygen 16 species
17 ( 20 superoxide
18 e.g 20 superoxide
20 superoxide 21 )
22 without 25 increase
23 a 24 compensatory
23 a 25 increase
24 compensatory 25 increase
25 increase 26 in
26 in 28 defences
27 antioxidant 28 defences

sources of increased superoxide production include up - regulation of the oxidant enzyme nadph oxidase , uncoupling of the [normally] no - producing enzyme , enos ( endothelial no synthase ) ( due to reduced availability of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin ) and increased mitochondrial synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sources
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 sources 2 of
1 sources 42 and
2 of 5 production
3 increased 4 superoxide
4 superoxide 5 production
6 include 17 uncoupling
6 include 23 producing
6 include 42 and
7 up 9 regulation
7 up 16 ,
7 up 17 uncoupling
8 - 9 regulation
9 regulation 10 of
9 regulation 16 ,
10 of 15 oxidase
11 the 15 oxidase
12 oxidant 15 oxidase
13 enzyme 15 oxidase
14 nadph 15 oxidase
17 uncoupling 18 of
18 of 21 no
19 the 21 no
22 - 23 producing
23 producing 24 enzyme
23 producing 41 )
24 enzyme 26 enos
25 , 26 enos
26 enos 30 synthase
26 enos 34 to
26 enos 41 )
27 ( 30 synthase
28 endothelial 30 synthase
29 no 30 synthase
30 synthase 31 )
32 ( 34 to
33 due 34 to
34 to 36 availability
34 to 41 )
35 reduced 36 availability
36 availability 37 of
37 of 40 tetrahydrobiopterin
38 the 40 tetrahydrobiopterin
39 cofactor 40 tetrahydrobiopterin
42 and 43 increased
42 and 46 during
43 increased 45 synthesis
44 mitochondrial 45 synthesis
46 during 48 phosphorylation
47 oxidative 48 phosphorylation

several lifestyle and biological factors modulate vascular endothelial function with aging , including regular aerobic exercise , dietary factors [(] e.g [.] processed compared [with] [non] - processed foods [ )(, body weight/fatness , vitamin d status , menopause/oestrogen deficiency and a number of conventional and [non] [-] conventional risk factors for cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 modulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 several 2 lifestyle
2 lifestyle 3 and
3 and 5 factors
3 and 6 modulate
4 biological 5 factors
6 modulate 9 function
7 vascular 9 function
8 endothelial 9 function
9 function 10 with
10 with 11 aging
12 , 16 exercise
12 , 17 ,
13 including 16 exercise
14 regular 16 exercise
15 aerobic 16 exercise
17 , 19 factors
17 , 24 compared
17 , 27 -
18 dietary 19 factors
19 factors 21 e.g
19 factors 23 processed
19 factors 24 compared
21 e.g 23 processed
27 - 29 foods
28 processed 29 foods
29 foods 33 weight/fatness
29 foods 37 status
29 foods 39 menopause/oestrogen
31 )(, 33 weight/fatness
32 body 33 weight/fatness
33 weight/fatness 34 ,
34 , 37 status
35 vitamin 36 d
35 vitamin 37 status
37 status 38 ,
39 menopause/oestrogen 41 and
40 deficiency 41 and
41 and 43 number
42 a 43 number
43 number 44 of
44 of 46 and
45 conventional 46 and
46 and 51 factors
46 and 54 .
49 conventional 51 factors
50 risk 51 factors
51 factors 52 for
52 for 53 cvd

given the number of older adults now [and] in the future , more information is needed on effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of vascular endothelial aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 given 6 adults
1 given 7 now
1 given 9 in
1 given 12 ,
1 given 14 information
2 the 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 6 adults
4 of 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
9 in 11 future
10 the 11 future
13 more 14 information
14 information 15 is
15 is 16 needed
16 needed 17 on
16 needed 20 for
17 on 19 strategies
18 effective 19 strategies
20 for 23 and
21 the 22 prevention
22 prevention 23 and
23 and 24 treatment
23 and 25 of
25 of 28 aging
26 vascular 28 aging
27 endothelial 28 aging

although two main hypotheses of mitochondrial origin have been proposed , i.e . [,] the autogenous and the endosymbiotic , only the second is being seriously considered currently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypotheses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 although 2 two
1 although 4 hypotheses
3 main 4 hypotheses
4 hypotheses 5 of
4 hypotheses 8 have
5 of 7 origin
6 mitochondrial 7 origin
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 proposed
11 , 12 i.e
13 . 17 and
13 . 20 ,
13 . 27 considered
13 . 29 .
15 the 16 autogenous
16 autogenous 17 and
17 and 19 endosymbiotic
18 the 19 endosymbiotic
20 , 21 only
20 , 24 is
21 only 23 second
22 the 23 second
23 second 24 is
24 is 25 being
25 being 27 considered
26 seriously 27 considered
27 considered 28 currently

the ['] hydrogen hypothesis ['] invokes metabolic symbiosis as the driving force for a symbiotic association [between] [an] anaerobic , [strictly] hydrogen - dependent ( the host ) [and] [an] eubacterium ( the symbiont [ )(that was able to respire , [but] which generated molecular hydrogen as an end product of anaerobic metabolism . 
1 the 4 hypothesis
3 hydrogen 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 6 invokes
6 invokes 8 symbiosis
6 invokes 13 for
7 metabolic 8 symbiosis
8 symbiosis 9 as
9 as 12 force
10 the 12 force
11 driving 12 force
13 for 16 association
14 a 16 association
15 symbiotic 16 association
16 association 19 anaerobic
19 anaerobic 23 -
20 , 23 -
22 hydrogen 23 -
23 - 31 eubacterium
24 dependent 27 host
24 dependent 31 eubacterium
25 ( 27 host
26 the 27 host
27 host 28 )
31 eubacterium 34 symbiont
31 eubacterium 43 which
32 ( 34 symbiont
33 the 34 symbiont
34 symbiont 36 )(that
34 symbiont 37 was
34 symbiont 38 able
34 symbiont 41 ,
36 )(that 37 was
38 able 39 to
39 to 40 respire
41 , 43 which
43 which 44 generated
43 which 54 .
44 generated 46 hydrogen
44 generated 47 as
45 molecular 46 hydrogen
47 as 50 product
48 an 50 product
49 end 50 product
50 product 51 of
51 of 53 metabolism
52 anaerobic 53 metabolism

the resulting proto - eukaryotic cell would have acquired the essentials of eukaryotic energy metabolism , evolving not only aerobic respiration , but also the physiological cost of the oxygen consumption , i.e . [,] generation of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and the associated oxidative damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 acquired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 6 cell
2 resulting 6 cell
3 proto 4 -
3 proto 6 cell
5 eukaryotic 6 cell
6 cell 7 would
7 would 8 have
8 have 9 acquired
9 acquired 11 essentials
10 the 11 essentials
11 essentials 12 of
12 of 15 metabolism
13 eukaryotic 14 energy
14 energy 15 metabolism
15 metabolism 17 evolving
16 , 17 evolving
17 evolving 24 also
17 evolving 32 ,
18 not 19 only
19 only 24 also
20 aerobic 21 respiration
21 respiration 24 also
22 , 24 also
23 but 24 also
24 also 27 cost
25 the 27 cost
26 physiological 27 cost
27 cost 28 of
28 of 31 consumption
29 the 31 consumption
30 oxygen 31 consumption
32 , 33 i.e
34 . 44 and
34 . 49 .
36 generation 37 of
36 generation 44 and
37 of 40 species
38 reactive 39 oxygen
39 oxygen 40 species
40 species 42 ros
41 ( 42 ros
42 ros 43 )
44 and 48 damage
45 the 48 damage
46 associated 48 damage
47 oxidative 48 damage

this is not the only price to pay for respiring oxygen : mitochondria [possess] nitric oxide ( no· ) for regulatory purposes but , in some instances it may react with superoxide anion radical to produce the toxic reactive nitrogen species ( rns ) , i.e . peroxynitrite anion , and the subsequent nitrosative damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 peroxynitrite
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 6 price
2 is 7 to
4 the 5 only
4 the 6 price
7 to 8 pay
8 pay 9 for
8 pay 46 i.e
9 for 10 respiring
10 respiring 11 oxygen
10 respiring 23 but
10 respiring 25 in
11 oxygen 12 :
12 : 16 oxide
12 : 20 for
12 : 23 but
13 mitochondria 16 oxide
15 nitric 16 oxide
16 oxide 18 no·
17 ( 18 no·
18 no· 19 )
20 for 22 purposes
21 regulatory 22 purposes
24 , 25 in
25 in 27 instances
25 in 45 ,
26 some 27 instances
27 instances 28 it
27 instances 36 produce
27 instances 43 rns
28 it 29 may
29 may 30 react
30 react 31 with
31 with 33 anion
31 with 34 radical
32 superoxide 33 anion
34 radical 35 to
35 to 36 produce
36 produce 41 species
37 the 41 species
38 toxic 40 nitrogen
39 reactive 40 nitrogen
40 nitrogen 41 species
42 ( 43 rns
43 rns 44 )
47 . 48 peroxynitrite
48 peroxynitrite 51 and
49 anion 51 and
50 , 51 and
51 and 55 damage
51 and 56 .
52 the 55 damage
53 subsequent 55 damage
54 nitrosative 55 damage

new [mitochondria] contain their own genome with a modified genetic code that is highly conserved among mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 new 3 contain
3 contain 6 genome
3 contain 7 with
4 their 5 own
4 their 6 genome
7 with 11 code
8 a 11 code
9 modified 11 code
10 genetic 11 code
11 code 15 conserved
12 that 13 is
13 is 15 conserved
14 highly 15 conserved
15 conserved 16 among
16 among 17 mammals

the transcription of certain mitochondrial genes may depend on the redox potential of the mitochondrial membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transcription
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 transcription
2 transcription 3 of
2 transcription 7 may
3 of 6 genes
4 certain 6 genes
5 mitochondrial 6 genes
7 may 8 depend
8 depend 9 on
9 on 12 potential
10 the 12 potential
11 redox 12 potential
12 potential 13 of
13 of 16 membrane
14 the 16 membrane
15 mitochondrial 16 membrane

mitochondria [are] related to the life and death of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 mitochondria 3 related
3 related 4 to
4 to 7 and
5 the 6 life
6 life 7 and
7 and 8 death
7 and 9 of
9 of 10 cells

they are involved in energy production and conservation , having an uncoupling mechanism to produce heat instead of atp , but they are also involved in programmed cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 involved
3 involved 4 in
4 in 7 and
5 energy 6 production
6 production 7 and
7 and 8 conservation
7 and 10 having
9 , 10 having
10 having 13 mechanism
10 having 14 to
10 having 20 ,
11 an 13 mechanism
12 uncoupling 13 mechanism
14 to 15 produce
15 produce 16 heat
15 produce 18 of
17 instead 18 of
18 of 19 atp
21 but 22 they
21 but 25 involved
22 they 23 are
23 are 24 also
23 are 25 involved
25 involved 26 in
26 in 29 death
27 programmed 28 cell
28 cell 29 death

[increasing] [evidence] suggest the participation of mitochondria in neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases involving alterations in both nuclear ( ndna ) [and] mitochondrial ( mtdna ) dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
3 suggest 5 participation
3 suggest 15 in
4 the 5 participation
5 participation 6 of
6 of 7 mitochondria
7 mitochondria 8 in
7 mitochondria 13 involving
8 in 12 diseases
9 neurodegenerative 10 and
10 and 11 neuromuscular
10 and 12 diseases
13 involving 14 alterations
15 in 26 dna
16 both 26 dna
17 nuclear 19 ndna
17 nuclear 20 )
17 nuclear 26 dna
18 ( 19 ndna
19 ndna 20 )
22 mitochondrial 24 mtdna
22 mitochondrial 25 )
22 mitochondrial 26 dna
23 ( 24 mtdna
24 mtdna 25 )

melatonin is a known powerful antioxidant and anti - inflammatory and increasing experimental and clinical evidence shows its beneficial effects against oxidative/nitrosative stress status , including that involving mitochondrial dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 melatonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 melatonin 2 is
2 is 6 antioxidant
3 a 6 antioxidant
4 known 6 antioxidant
5 powerful 6 antioxidant
7 and 16 evidence
7 and 17 shows
8 anti 9 -
8 anti 16 evidence
10 inflammatory 11 and
11 and 12 increasing
11 and 16 evidence
13 experimental 14 and
14 and 15 clinical
14 and 16 evidence
16 evidence 17 shows
17 shows 20 effects
17 shows 24 status
18 its 20 effects
19 beneficial 20 effects
20 effects 21 against
21 against 23 stress
22 oxidative/nitrosative 23 stress
24 status 26 including
25 , 26 including
26 including 27 that
26 including 31 .
27 that 28 involving
28 involving 30 dysfunction
29 mitochondrial 30 dysfunction

this review summarizes the data and mechanisms of action of melatonin in relation to mitochondrial pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 6 and
3 summarizes 14 to
4 the 5 data
5 data 6 and
6 and 7 mechanisms
6 and 8 of
8 of 9 action
9 action 10 of
10 of 11 melatonin
12 in 13 relation
13 relation 14 to
14 to 16 pathologies
15 mitochondrial 16 pathologies

one early and prominent pathologic feature of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is the appearance of activated microglia in the vicinity of developing β - amyloid deposits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 one 6 feature
2 early 3 and
3 and 4 prominent
3 and 6 feature
5 pathologic 6 feature
6 feature 7 of
6 feature 14 is
7 of 10 disease
8 alzheimer 9 's
9 's 10 disease
10 disease 12 ad
11 ( 12 ad
12 ad 13 )
14 is 16 appearance
14 is 20 in
15 the 16 appearance
16 appearance 17 of
17 of 19 microglia
18 activated 19 microglia
20 in 22 vicinity
21 the 22 vicinity
22 vicinity 23 of
23 of 24 developing
24 developing 28 deposits
25 β 26 -
25 β 28 deposits
27 amyloid 28 deposits

however , the precise role of microglia during the course of ad is still under discussion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 role
3 the 5 role
4 precise 5 role
5 role 6 of
5 role 13 is
6 of 7 microglia
7 microglia 8 during
8 during 10 course
9 the 10 course
10 course 11 of
11 of 12 ad
13 is 14 still
14 still 15 under
15 under 16 discussion

microglia have been reported to degrade [and] clear β - amyloid , but they also can exert deleterious effects due to overwhelming inflammatory reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 microglia 13 but
2 have 3 been
2 have 13 but
3 been 4 reported
4 reported 5 to
4 reported 6 degrade
5 to 6 degrade
6 degrade 9 β
8 clear 9 β
9 β 11 amyloid
10 - 11 amyloid
11 amyloid 12 ,
13 but 17 exert
14 they 16 can
15 also 16 can
16 can 17 exert
17 exert 19 effects
18 deleterious 19 effects
19 effects 20 due
20 due 21 to
21 to 22 overwhelming
22 overwhelming 24 reactions
23 inflammatory 24 reactions

here , we demonstrate the occurrence of developing plaque populations with distinct amounts of associated microglia using time - dependent analyses of plaque morphology and the spatial distribution of microglia in an app/ps1 mouse model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 6 occurrence
4 demonstrate 11 with
5 the 6 occurrence
6 occurrence 7 of
7 of 8 developing
8 developing 10 populations
9 plaque 10 populations
11 with 16 microglia
12 distinct 13 amounts
13 amounts 14 of
13 amounts 16 microglia
14 of 16 microglia
15 associated 16 microglia
16 microglia 17 using
17 using 18 time
19 - 25 and
20 dependent 21 analyses
21 analyses 22 of
21 analyses 25 and
22 of 24 morphology
23 plaque 24 morphology
25 and 28 distribution
25 and 29 of
25 and 31 in
26 the 28 distribution
27 spatial 28 distribution
29 of 30 microglia
31 in 35 model
32 an 35 model
33 app/ps1 34 mouse
34 mouse 35 model

in addition to a population [of] larger plaques ( >700µm ( 2 ) ) [that] are occupied by a moderate contingent of microglial cells across the course of aging , a second type of small β - amyloid deposits [develops] ( ≤400µm ( 2 ) ) [in] [which] [the] plaque core is enveloped by a relatively large number of microglia . 
1 in 2 addition
1 in 8 plaques
2 addition 3 to
3 to 5 population
4 a 5 population
7 larger 8 plaques
8 plaques 10 >700µm
8 plaques 16 are
9 ( 10 >700µm
10 >700µm 12 2
10 >700µm 14 )
11 ( 12 2
12 2 13 )
16 are 17 occupied
17 occupied 18 by
17 occupied 25 across
18 by 21 contingent
19 a 21 contingent
20 moderate 21 contingent
21 contingent 22 of
22 of 24 cells
23 microglial 24 cells
25 across 27 course
26 the 27 course
27 course 28 of
28 of 29 aging
29 aging 37 -
30 , 37 -
31 a 34 of
32 second 34 of
33 type 34 of
34 of 36 β
34 of 37 -
35 small 36 β
37 - 39 deposits
38 amyloid 39 deposits
39 deposits 50 plaque
41 ( 50 plaque
42 ≤400µm 44 2
42 ≤400µm 46 )
42 ≤400µm 50 plaque
43 ( 44 2
44 2 45 )
50 plaque 51 core
50 plaque 52 is
50 plaque 53 enveloped
50 plaque 54 by
50 plaque 61 .
51 core 52 is
54 by 60 microglia
55 a 58 number
56 relatively 57 large
57 large 58 number
58 number 59 of
58 number 60 microglia
59 of 60 microglia

our analyses [indicate] that microglia are strongly activated early in the emergence of senile plaques , but that activation is diminished in the later stages of plaque evolution ( >150 days ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 activated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 analyses
2 analyses 4 that
2 analyses 5 microglia
2 analyses 6 are
4 that 5 microglia
6 are 7 strongly
6 are 8 activated
8 activated 9 early
9 early 10 in
10 in 12 emergence
11 the 12 emergence
12 emergence 13 of
13 of 15 plaques
14 senile 15 plaques
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 activation
17 but 21 diminished
18 that 19 activation
19 activation 20 is
20 is 21 diminished
21 diminished 22 in
22 in 25 stages
23 the 25 stages
24 later 25 stages
25 stages 26 of
26 of 28 evolution
27 plaque 28 evolution
28 evolution 31 days
29 ( 31 days
30 >150 31 days
31 days 32 )

these findings support the view that microglia serve to restrict the growth of senile plaques , and do so in a way that minimizes local inflammatory damage to other components of the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 17 and
3 support 8 serve
3 support 9 to
3 support 17 and
4 the 8 serve
5 view 8 serve
6 that 7 microglia
7 microglia 8 serve
9 to 10 restrict
10 restrict 12 growth
11 the 12 growth
12 growth 13 of
13 of 15 plaques
14 senile 15 plaques
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 so
17 and 28 to
18 do 19 so
19 so 20 in
20 in 22 way
21 a 22 way
22 way 23 that
22 way 24 minimizes
23 that 24 minimizes
24 minimizes 27 damage
25 local 27 damage
26 inflammatory 27 damage
28 to 30 components
29 other 30 components
30 components 31 of
31 of 33 brain
32 the 33 brain

none although religiousness [may] , to a certain extent , be expected to alleviate emotional suffering in the last week of life , some religious beliefs might also provoke emotional distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 expected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 none 3 religiousness
1 none 11 be
1 none 12 expected
2 although 3 religiousness
3 religiousness 6 to
3 religiousness 11 be
5 , 6 to
6 to 9 extent
6 to 10 ,
7 a 8 certain
7 a 9 extent
8 certain 9 extent
12 expected 13 to
12 expected 23 ,
13 to 23 ,
14 alleviate 16 suffering
14 alleviate 17 in
14 alleviate 23 ,
15 emotional 16 suffering
17 in 20 week
18 the 20 week
19 last 20 week
20 week 21 of
21 of 22 life
23 , 29 provoke
24 some 26 beliefs
25 religious 26 beliefs
26 beliefs 27 might
27 might 29 provoke
28 also 29 provoke
29 provoke 31 distress
30 emotional 31 distress

for the current study , after [-] death interviews with proxy respondents [of] deceased sample members of the longitudinal aging study amsterdam provided information on depressive mood [and] anxiety in the last week of life , as well as on the presence of a sense of peace at the approaching end of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 deceased
1 for 4 study
1 for 5 ,
1 for 12 respondents
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 after 8 death
6 after 9 interviews
6 after 12 respondents
8 death 9 interviews
9 interviews 10 with
10 with 11 proxy
12 respondents 14 deceased
14 deceased 16 members
14 deceased 37 as
15 sample 16 members
16 members 17 of
16 members 22 amsterdam
16 members 23 provided
17 of 21 study
18 the 21 study
19 longitudinal 20 aging
20 aging 21 study
22 amsterdam 23 provided
23 provided 24 information
24 information 25 on
24 information 30 in
24 information 34 of
25 on 29 anxiety
26 depressive 29 anxiety
27 mood 29 anxiety
30 in 33 week
31 the 33 week
32 last 33 week
34 of 35 life
36 , 37 as
37 as 38 well
37 as 54 .
38 well 39 as
38 well 48 at
38 well 52 of
39 as 40 on
40 on 42 presence
41 the 42 presence
42 presence 43 of
43 of 45 sense
44 a 45 sense
45 sense 46 of
46 of 47 peace
48 at 51 end
49 the 51 end
50 approaching 51 end
52 of 53 life

proxy respondents also were asked about serious physical symptoms in the last week of life of the respondent , the respondent 's cognitive decline , and their estimate of the salience of religion for the sample member . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 proxy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 respondents 4 were
3 also 4 were
4 were 5 asked
5 asked 6 about
5 asked 10 in
6 about 9 symptoms
7 serious 9 symptoms
8 physical 9 symptoms
10 in 13 week
11 the 12 last
11 the 13 week
13 week 14 of
13 week 16 of
13 week 29 of
14 of 15 life
16 of 26 and
17 the 18 respondent
18 respondent 19 ,
19 , 24 decline
19 , 26 and
20 the 21 respondent
21 respondent 22 's
22 's 24 decline
23 cognitive 24 decline
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 estimate
27 their 28 estimate
29 of 31 salience
30 the 31 salience
31 salience 32 of
32 of 33 religion
33 religion 34 for
34 for 37 member
35 the 37 member
36 sample 37 member

other characteristics were derived from the last interviews with the sample members [when] still alive : depressive symptoms , chronic diseases , religious affiliation , church attendance , belief in heaven , belief in hell , and salience of religion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 derived
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
1 other 2 characteristics
2 characteristics 3 were
3 were 4 derived
4 derived 5 from
4 derived 9 with
4 derived 15 alive
5 from 8 interviews
6 the 7 last
6 the 8 interviews
9 with 12 members
9 with 14 still
10 the 12 members
11 sample 12 members
16 : 37 and
16 : 41 .
17 depressive 18 symptoms
18 symptoms 19 ,
19 , 21 diseases
19 , 22 ,
20 chronic 21 diseases
22 , 24 affiliation
22 , 25 ,
23 religious 24 affiliation
25 , 27 attendance
25 , 28 ,
26 church 27 attendance
28 , 29 belief
28 , 37 and
29 belief 30 in
30 in 31 heaven
31 heaven 33 belief
32 , 33 belief
33 belief 34 in
33 belief 36 ,
34 in 35 hell
37 and 38 salience
37 and 39 of
39 of 40 religion

none of the characteristics of religiousness was significantly associated with depressive mood [or] anxiety , as estimated by the proxy respondent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 none 2 of
1 none 7 was
2 of 4 characteristics
3 the 4 characteristics
4 characteristics 5 of
5 of 6 religiousness
7 was 9 associated
8 significantly 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 18 by
10 with 14 anxiety
11 depressive 12 mood
12 mood 14 anxiety
14 anxiety 17 estimated
15 , 17 estimated
16 as 17 estimated
18 by 21 respondent
19 the 21 respondent
20 proxy 21 respondent

a sense of peace , however , was predicted by higher church attendance , belief in hell ( among church - members ) , and the proxy 's estimate of the salience of religion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sense
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 a 2 sense
2 sense 3 of
2 sense 8 was
3 of 4 peace
5 , 6 however
6 however 7 ,
6 however 8 was
8 was 9 predicted
9 predicted 10 by
10 by 13 attendance
11 higher 12 church
12 church 13 attendance
14 , 25 and
15 belief 16 in
15 belief 25 and
16 in 17 hell
17 hell 19 among
18 ( 19 among
19 among 20 church
19 among 24 ,
20 church 22 members
21 - 22 members
22 members 23 )
24 , 25 and
25 and 29 estimate
25 and 30 of
26 the 27 proxy
27 proxy 28 's
28 's 29 estimate
30 of 32 salience
31 the 32 salience
32 salience 33 of
33 of 34 religion

it can be concluded that religiousness did not affect depressive mood [or] anxiety in the last week of life in the current sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 concluded
4 concluded 5 that
5 that 6 religiousness
5 that 9 affect
6 religiousness 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 affect
9 affect 13 anxiety
9 affect 14 in
9 affect 20 in
10 depressive 11 mood
11 mood 13 anxiety
14 in 17 week
15 the 17 week
16 last 17 week
17 week 18 of
18 of 19 life
20 in 23 sample
21 the 23 sample
22 current 23 sample

it is possible that religiousness supports a sense of peace , which may be a more [-] existential facet [of] mood and is [discussed] as relevant in the last phase of life and in palliative care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 5 religiousness
4 that 6 supports
5 religiousness 6 supports
6 supports 8 sense
7 a 8 sense
8 sense 9 of
9 of 10 peace
11 , 12 which
11 , 22 and
12 which 22 and
13 may 14 be
13 may 22 and
14 be 21 mood
15 a 21 mood
16 more 18 existential
18 existential 21 mood
19 facet 21 mood
22 and 23 is
23 is 26 relevant
25 as 26 relevant
26 relevant 33 and
27 in 30 phase
27 in 33 and
28 the 30 phase
29 last 30 phase
30 phase 31 of
31 of 32 life
33 and 34 in
34 in 36 care
35 palliative 36 care

objective : to determine the relative importance of familial , dietary , behavioral , psychological and social risk factors for predicting body mass index [(] bmi [ )(change , and onset of overweight and obesity among adolescent girls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
2 : 39 .
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 relative
5 the 6 relative
6 relative 7 importance
6 relative 19 factors
7 importance 8 of
7 importance 19 factors
8 of 18 risk
9 familial 10 ,
9 familial 18 risk
11 dietary 12 ,
12 , 13 behavioral
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 psychological
14 , 16 and
16 and 17 social
16 and 18 risk
19 factors 20 for
19 factors 36 among
20 for 21 predicting
21 predicting 30 and
22 body 23 mass
23 mass 24 index
24 index 28 )(change
26 bmi 28 )(change
28 )(change 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 onset
30 and 32 of
32 of 34 and
33 overweight 34 and
34 and 35 obesity
36 among 38 girls
37 adolescent 38 girls

methods : data from the nhlbi growth and health study ( n = 2 150 [ )(, a longitudinal cohort of girls , were used to identify the most important predictors of change in bmi percentile between the ages of 9 and 19 years , and second [,] risk for becoming overweight and obese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
3 data 4 from
4 from 8 and
5 the 7 growth
6 nhlbi 7 growth
7 growth 8 and
8 and 10 study
8 and 13 =
9 health 10 study
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 2
14 2 15 150
14 2 24 were
14 2 25 used
15 150 20 cohort
15 150 24 were
17 )(, 20 cohort
18 a 20 cohort
19 longitudinal 20 cohort
20 cohort 21 of
20 cohort 23 ,
21 of 22 girls
25 used 26 to
26 to 27 identify
27 identify 29 most
27 identify 31 predictors
28 the 29 most
30 important 31 predictors
31 predictors 32 of
32 of 33 change
33 change 34 in
33 change 40 of
34 in 35 bmi
35 bmi 36 percentile
36 percentile 37 between
37 between 39 ages
38 the 39 ages
40 of 46 and
41 9 42 and
42 and 43 19
42 and 44 years
44 years 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 49 risk
47 second 49 risk
49 risk 50 for
50 for 51 becoming
51 becoming 53 and
52 overweight 53 and
53 and 54 obese
53 and 55 .

forty - one baseline predictors were assessed using a tree - based regression method ( random forest ) to rank the relative importance of risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 forty 4 baseline
1 forty 12 based
2 - 4 baseline
3 one 4 baseline
4 baseline 5 predictors
4 baseline 6 were
4 baseline 7 assessed
4 baseline 11 -
5 predictors 6 were
7 assessed 8 using
8 using 10 tree
9 a 10 tree
12 based 14 method
12 based 19 to
13 regression 14 method
14 method 17 forest
15 ( 17 forest
16 random 17 forest
17 forest 18 )
19 to 20 rank
20 rank 23 importance
21 the 23 importance
22 relative 23 importance
23 importance 24 of
24 of 26 factors
25 risk 26 factors

results : the five factors that best predicted change in bmi percentile ( p < 0.05 ) were related to family socio - economic position [(] income and parent education ) and drive to restrict eating and weight ( body dissatisfaction , drive for thinness and unhappiness [with] physical appearance ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 factors
2 : 9 change
2 : 19 related
2 : 23 -
3 the 5 factors
4 five 5 factors
5 factors 6 that
5 factors 8 predicted
5 factors 9 change
6 that 8 predicted
7 best 8 predicted
9 change 10 in
11 bmi 12 percentile
11 bmi 18 were
11 bmi 19 related
12 percentile 15 <
12 percentile 18 were
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.05
15 < 17 )
19 related 20 to
19 related 23 -
20 to 22 socio
21 family 22 socio
23 - 32 and
23 - 43 drive
23 - 52 .
24 economic 25 position
25 position 27 income
27 income 28 and
28 and 30 education
28 and 31 )
28 and 32 and
29 parent 30 education
32 and 33 drive
32 and 34 to
32 and 35 restrict
32 and 43 drive
34 to 35 restrict
35 restrict 37 and
36 eating 37 and
37 and 38 weight
37 and 41 dissatisfaction
39 ( 41 dissatisfaction
40 body 41 dissatisfaction
41 dissatisfaction 42 ,
43 drive 44 for
44 for 46 and
45 thinness 46 and
46 and 50 appearance
46 and 51 )
47 unhappiness 50 appearance
49 physical 50 appearance

the factors that were statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) predictors of both [onset] of overweight and obesity were income , ineffectiveness and race . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 factors
2 factors 3 that
2 factors 4 were
2 factors 20 were
3 that 4 were
4 were 5 statistically
4 were 12 predictors
6 significant 9 <
6 significant 12 predictors
7 ( 9 <
8 p 9 <
9 < 10 0.05
9 < 11 )
12 predictors 13 of
13 of 14 both
14 both 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 overweight 18 and
18 and 19 obesity
20 were 24 and
21 income 22 ,
22 , 23 ineffectiveness
22 , 24 and
24 and 25 race

conclusions : family socio - economic position and emotion regulation appeared as the top predictors of both bmi change and onset of overweight and obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 socio
3 family 4 socio
5 - 8 and
5 - 11 appeared
5 - 26 .
6 economic 7 position
7 position 8 and
8 and 10 regulation
8 and 11 appeared
9 emotion 10 regulation
11 appeared 12 as
12 as 15 predictors
13 the 14 top
13 the 15 predictors
15 predictors 16 of
15 predictors 22 of
16 of 20 and
17 both 20 and
18 bmi 19 change
19 change 20 and
20 and 21 onset
22 of 24 and
23 overweight 24 and
24 and 25 obesity

our results build upon prior findings that policies to prevent the onset of obesity during adolescence be targeted towards girls from lower socio - economic position households . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 build
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 build
3 build 4 upon
4 upon 6 findings
5 prior 6 findings
6 findings 7 that
7 that 8 policies
7 that 18 targeted
8 policies 9 to
8 policies 10 prevent
8 policies 17 be
9 to 10 prevent
10 prevent 12 onset
10 prevent 15 during
11 the 12 onset
12 onset 13 of
13 of 14 obesity
15 during 16 adolescence
17 be 18 targeted
18 targeted 19 towards
18 targeted 21 from
19 towards 20 girls
21 from 27 households
22 lower 26 position
23 socio 24 -
23 socio 26 position
25 economic 26 position
26 position 27 households

our findings also suggest several novel psychological factors including ineffectiveness as predictors of obesity during adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 4 suggest
3 also 4 suggest
4 suggest 8 factors
4 suggest 15 during
5 several 8 factors
6 novel 8 factors
7 psychological 8 factors
8 factors 9 including
9 including 10 ineffectiveness
9 including 11 as
11 as 12 predictors
12 predictors 13 of
13 of 14 obesity
15 during 16 adolescence

these predictive findings offer a direction for future inquiry into adolescent obesity etiology using causal methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 3 findings
2 predictive 3 findings
3 findings 4 offer
4 offer 6 direction
4 offer 10 into
5 a 6 direction
6 direction 7 for
7 for 9 inquiry
8 future 9 inquiry
10 into 13 etiology
11 adolescent 13 etiology
12 obesity 13 etiology
13 etiology 14 using
14 using 16 methods
15 causal 16 methods

the present study examined the role of controlled attention in age differences in event [-] based prospective memory performance across adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 6 role
4 examined 10 in
4 examined 13 in
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 9 attention
8 controlled 9 attention
10 in 12 differences
11 age 12 differences
13 in 19 performance
14 event 16 based
16 based 18 memory
17 prospective 18 memory
18 memory 19 performance
19 performance 20 across
20 across 21 adolescence

the researchers tested whether presenting the prospective memory cue [in] or out of focal awareness of the ongoing task ( resulting in low [versus] high demands for controlled attention , respectively ) might affect age - related prospective memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 researchers
2 researchers 3 tested
3 tested 4 whether
4 whether 5 presenting
4 whether 34 affect
5 presenting 11 or
5 presenting 21 resulting
5 presenting 33 might
6 the 9 cue
7 prospective 8 memory
8 memory 9 cue
9 cue 11 or
11 or 12 out
11 or 13 of
13 of 15 awareness
14 focal 15 awareness
15 awareness 16 of
16 of 19 task
17 the 19 task
18 ongoing 19 task
20 ( 21 resulting
21 resulting 22 in
21 resulting 30 ,
22 in 26 demands
23 low 26 demands
25 high 26 demands
26 demands 27 for
27 for 29 attention
28 controlled 29 attention
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 )
31 respectively 33 might
33 might 34 affect
34 affect 35 age
36 - 37 related
37 related 40 performance
38 prospective 39 memory
39 memory 40 performance

in total , 119 chinese participants ages 13 to 20 took part in this study ( 60 adolescents : age m = 13.26 years , sd = 0.50 ; 23 boys ; 59 young adults : age m = 19.70 years , sd = 0.87 ; 19 men [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
1 in 2 total
2 total 3 ,
2 total 6 participants
4 119 6 participants
5 chinese 6 participants
6 participants 7 ages
6 participants 11 took
6 participants 12 part
7 ages 9 to
7 ages 11 took
8 13 9 to
9 to 10 20
12 part 13 in
13 in 15 study
14 this 15 study
15 study 18 adolescents
16 ( 18 adolescents
17 60 18 adolescents
18 adolescents 19 :
19 : 20 age
19 : 25 ,
20 age 22 =
21 m 22 =
22 = 24 years
22 = 25 ,
23 13.26 24 years
25 , 26 sd
25 , 27 =
25 , 29 ;
26 sd 27 =
27 = 28 0.50
29 ; 31 boys
29 ; 32 ;
30 23 31 boys
32 ; 35 adults
32 ; 36 :
33 59 35 adults
34 young 35 adults
36 : 37 age
36 : 39 =
36 : 42 ,
36 : 50 )(
37 age 39 =
38 m 39 =
39 = 41 years
40 19.70 41 years
42 , 43 sd
42 , 44 =
42 , 46 ;
43 sd 44 =
44 = 45 0.87
46 ; 48 men
47 19 48 men

findings demonstrated a significant interaction [,] f ( 1 , 114 ) = 6.41 , p < [.] 05 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 findings 2 demonstrated
2 demonstrated 5 interaction
2 demonstrated 13 =
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 interaction
4 significant 5 interaction
5 interaction 7 f
5 interaction 9 1
5 interaction 11 114
5 interaction 13 =
8 ( 9 1
9 1 10 ,
10 , 11 114
11 114 12 )
13 = 14 6.41
14 6.41 17 <
15 , 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 19 05

no effect of age on prospective memory performance was revealed when a focal cue was used ( f < 1 ) , whereas there was a reliable age effect between adolescents and young adults when nonfocal prospective memory cues were presented , [f] ( 1 , 59 ) = 16.13 , p < [.] 01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 no 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 8 performance
2 effect 9 was
2 effect 10 revealed
3 of 4 age
4 age 5 on
5 on 7 memory
6 prospective 7 memory
8 performance 9 was
10 revealed 11 when
10 revealed 19 <
11 when 14 cue
11 when 15 was
12 a 13 focal
12 a 14 cue
13 focal 14 cue
14 cue 15 was
15 was 16 used
17 ( 19 <
18 f 19 <
19 < 20 1
19 < 21 )
22 , 29 effect
22 , 49 =
23 whereas 24 there
23 whereas 25 was
23 whereas 29 effect
24 there 25 was
25 was 28 age
26 a 27 reliable
26 a 28 age
27 reliable 28 age
29 effect 30 between
29 effect 35 when
29 effect 45 1
29 effect 49 =
30 between 32 and
31 adolescents 32 and
32 and 34 adults
33 young 34 adults
35 when 39 cues
35 when 41 presented
36 nonfocal 38 memory
37 prospective 38 memory
38 memory 39 cues
39 cues 40 were
40 were 41 presented
41 presented 42 ,
44 ( 45 1
45 1 47 59
45 1 48 )
46 , 47 59
47 59 48 )
49 = 50 16.13
50 16.13 53 <
51 , 53 <
52 p 53 <
53 < 55 01

this pattern of results suggests that the interplay of both available resources of controlled attention and working memory , along with specific task demands , may contribute to possible age differences in prospective memory performance across adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 of
2 pattern 5 suggests
3 of 4 results
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 8 interplay
6 that 27 contribute
7 the 8 interplay
8 interplay 9 of
8 interplay 13 of
8 interplay 21 with
8 interplay 26 may
9 of 12 resources
10 both 12 resources
11 available 12 resources
13 of 16 and
14 controlled 15 attention
15 attention 16 and
16 and 18 memory
17 working 18 memory
19 , 21 with
20 along 21 with
21 with 24 demands
21 with 25 ,
22 specific 23 task
23 task 24 demands
26 may 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to
27 contribute 32 in
28 to 31 differences
29 possible 30 age
30 age 31 differences
32 in 35 performance
33 prospective 35 performance
34 memory 35 performance
35 performance 36 across
36 across 37 adolescence

results are discussed in the context of the multiprocess theory of prospective memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 are
2 are 3 discussed
3 discussed 4 in
4 in 6 context
5 the 6 context
6 context 7 of
7 of 10 theory
8 the 10 theory
9 multiprocess 10 theory
10 theory 11 of
11 of 13 memory
12 prospective 13 memory

young children 's ability to tell a strategic lie by making it consistent with the physical evidence of their transgression was investigated along with the sociocognitive correlates [of] such lie [-] telling behaviors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 young 2 children
2 children 3 's
3 's 4 ability
4 ability 5 to
4 ability 6 tell
4 ability 27 correlates
5 to 6 tell
6 tell 9 lie
6 tell 22 investigated
7 a 8 strategic
7 a 9 lie
8 strategic 9 lie
9 lie 10 by
9 lie 18 of
9 lie 21 was
10 by 11 making
11 making 12 it
11 making 13 consistent
13 consistent 14 with
14 with 17 evidence
15 the 17 evidence
16 physical 17 evidence
18 of 20 transgression
19 their 20 transgression
21 was 22 investigated
22 investigated 24 with
23 along 24 with
24 with 26 sociocognitive
25 the 26 sociocognitive
27 correlates 33 behaviors
29 such 33 behaviors
30 lie 33 behaviors
32 telling 33 behaviors

in experiment 1 , 247 chinese children between 3 and 5 years of age ( 126 boys ) were left alone in a room and asked not to lift a cup to see the contents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 children
2 experiment 3 1
5 247 7 children
6 chinese 7 children
7 children 8 between
7 children 17 boys
7 children 19 were
8 between 12 years
9 3 10 and
10 and 11 5
10 and 12 years
12 years 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 ( 17 boys
16 126 17 boys
17 boys 18 )
19 were 25 and
20 left 21 alone
20 left 22 in
20 left 25 and
22 in 24 room
23 a 24 room
25 and 26 asked
26 asked 28 to
26 asked 32 to
26 asked 33 see
27 not 28 to
28 to 29 lift
29 lift 31 cup
30 a 31 cup
32 to 33 see
33 see 35 contents
34 the 35 contents

if children lifted up the cup , the contents would be spilled and evidence of their transgression would be left behind . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 contents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 spilled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 if 2 children
1 if 3 lifted
1 if 7 ,
1 if 9 contents
2 children 3 lifted
3 lifted 4 up
3 lifted 6 cup
5 the 6 cup
8 the 9 contents
9 contents 10 would
10 would 11 be
11 be 12 spilled
13 and 14 evidence
13 and 19 be
14 evidence 15 of
14 evidence 18 would
15 of 17 transgression
16 their 17 transgression
18 would 19 be
19 be 20 left
20 left 21 behind

upon returning to the room , the experimenter asked children whether they peeked and how the contents of the cup ended up on the table . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 contents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 upon 2 returning
1 upon 17 contents
2 returning 3 to
3 to 14 and
4 the 5 room
5 room 6 ,
6 , 8 experimenter
6 , 14 and
7 the 8 experimenter
8 experimenter 9 asked
9 asked 10 children
9 asked 11 whether
11 whether 12 they
11 whether 13 peeked
12 they 13 peeked
14 and 15 how
16 the 17 contents
17 contents 18 of
17 contents 21 ended
18 of 20 cup
19 the 20 cup
21 ended 22 up
22 up 23 on
23 on 25 table
24 the 25 table

experiment 1 revealed that young children are able to tell strategic lies to be consistent with the physical evidence by about 4 or 5 years of age , and this ability increases in sophistication with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 experiment 2 1
1 experiment 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 6 children
4 that 7 are
5 young 6 children
6 children 7 are
7 are 8 able
8 able 9 to
9 to 10 tell
10 tell 12 lies
10 tell 13 to
11 strategic 12 lies
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 consistent
15 consistent 16 with
16 with 19 evidence
16 with 20 by
17 the 19 evidence
18 physical 19 evidence
20 by 25 years
21 about 23 or
22 4 23 or
23 or 24 5
23 or 25 years
25 years 26 of
26 of 27 age
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 ability
29 and 32 increases
30 this 31 ability
31 ability 32 increases
32 increases 33 in
32 increases 35 with
33 in 34 sophistication
35 with 36 age

experiment 2 , which included 252 chinese 4 - year [-] olds ( 127 boys ) , identified 2 sociocognitive factors related to children 's ability to tell strategic lies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 experiment 2 2
3 , 4 which
3 , 17 ,
4 which 17 ,
5 included 7 chinese
5 included 17 ,
6 252 7 chinese
7 chinese 8 4
7 chinese 12 olds
9 - 12 olds
10 year 12 olds
12 olds 15 boys
12 olds 16 )
13 ( 15 boys
14 127 15 boys
15 boys 16 )
17 , 18 identified
17 , 23 to
18 identified 21 factors
19 2 21 factors
20 sociocognitive 21 factors
21 factors 22 related
23 to 26 ability
24 children 25 's
25 's 26 ability
26 ability 27 to
26 ability 28 tell
27 to 28 tell
28 tell 30 lies
29 strategic 30 lies

specifically , both children 's theory [-] of [-] mind understanding and inhibitory control skills were significantly related to their ability to tell strategic lies in the face of physical evidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 theory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 6 theory
3 both 4 children
4 children 5 's
5 's 6 theory
6 theory 8 of
6 theory 16 were
8 of 12 and
10 mind 11 understanding
10 mind 12 and
12 and 15 skills
13 inhibitory 14 control
14 control 15 skills
16 were 17 significantly
16 were 18 related
18 related 19 to
18 related 26 in
19 to 21 ability
20 their 21 ability
21 ability 22 to
21 ability 23 tell
22 to 23 tell
23 tell 25 lies
24 strategic 25 lies
26 in 28 face
27 the 28 face
28 face 29 of
29 of 31 evidence
30 physical 31 evidence

the present investigation reveals that contrary to the prevailing views , even young children are able to tell strategic lies in some contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reveals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 investigation
2 present 3 investigation
3 investigation 4 reveals
4 reveals 6 contrary
5 that 6 contrary
6 contrary 7 to
7 to 10 views
8 the 10 views
9 prevailing 10 views
11 , 14 children
11 , 15 are
12 even 14 children
13 young 14 children
14 children 15 are
15 are 16 able
16 able 17 to
16 able 18 tell
17 to 18 tell
18 tell 20 lies
19 strategic 20 lies
20 lies 21 in
21 in 23 contexts
22 some 23 contexts

perceived control and health are often closely linked in adulthood and old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 perceived 2 control
2 control 3 and
3 and 4 health
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 often
5 are 8 linked
7 closely 8 linked
8 linked 9 in
9 in 11 and
10 adulthood 11 and
11 and 13 age
12 old 13 age

little is known , however , about their time - ordered interplay at various phases of adult life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ordered
1 little 2 is
2 is 3 known
3 known 5 however
3 known 7 about
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
6 , 7 about
7 about 9 time
7 about 10 -
8 their 9 time
10 - 11 ordered
11 ordered 12 interplay
11 ordered 13 at
11 ordered 19 .
13 at 15 phases
14 various 15 phases
15 phases 16 of
16 of 18 life
17 adult 18 life

by applying dynamic models to four waves of data over 15.5 years from the americans ' changing lives study , we examined time - ordered relations between perceived control and health in midlife and old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ordered
1 by 2 applying
1 by 20 ,
1 by 21 we
2 applying 4 models
2 applying 10 over
3 dynamic 4 models
4 models 5 to
5 to 7 waves
6 four 7 waves
7 waves 8 of
8 of 9 data
10 over 12 years
11 15.5 12 years
12 years 13 from
13 from 19 study
14 the 15 americans
15 americans 16 '
16 ' 19 study
17 changing 18 lives
18 lives 19 study
21 we 22 examined
22 examined 23 time
24 - 25 ordered
25 ordered 30 and
25 ordered 32 in
25 ordered 37 .
26 relations 27 between
26 relations 30 and
27 between 29 control
28 perceived 29 control
30 and 31 health
32 in 34 and
33 midlife 34 and
34 and 36 age
35 old 36 age

results revealed that levels of perceived control predict subsequent changes in health over time in old age ( 65+ years of age [;] n = 1,238 ) but not in midlife ( 25 - 64 years of age [;] n = 2,364 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 results 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
3 that 4 levels
3 that 8 predict
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 8 predict
5 of 7 control
6 perceived 7 control
8 predict 10 changes
8 predict 34 -
9 subsequent 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
11 in 12 health
12 health 13 over
12 health 28 but
13 over 14 time
15 in 17 age
15 in 28 but
16 old 17 age
17 age 20 years
18 ( 20 years
19 65+ 20 years
20 years 21 of
20 years 25 =
20 years 27 )
21 of 22 age
24 n 25 =
25 = 26 1,238
25 = 27 )
28 but 29 not
28 but 30 in
30 in 31 midlife
32 ( 34 -
33 25 34 -
34 - 36 years
34 - 43 )
35 64 36 years
36 years 37 of
36 years 41 =
37 of 38 age
40 n 41 =
41 = 42 2,364
41 = 43 )

no evidence was found for predictive effects of health for changes in perceived control in either age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 no 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 for
4 found 12 in
4 found 15 in
5 for 7 effects
6 predictive 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 9 health
9 health 10 for
10 for 11 changes
12 in 14 control
13 perceived 14 control
15 in 18 group
16 either 18 group
17 age 18 group

these age - differential findings were corroborated with [nested] [-] model comparisons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 these 2 age
3 - 5 findings
3 - 7 corroborated
3 - 13 .
4 differential 5 findings
5 findings 6 were
6 were 7 corroborated
7 corroborated 8 with
8 with 12 comparisons
11 model 12 comparisons

predictive effects of perceived control for health were attenuated to the null in models covarying for sociodemographic and psychosocial factors ( physical activity , memory , emotional support , and depressive symptoms ) , suggesting that these variables play an important role in control - health relations . 
1 predictive 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 8 were
3 of 5 control
4 perceived 5 control
5 control 6 for
6 for 7 health
8 were 9 attenuated
9 attenuated 10 to
9 attenuated 13 in
9 attenuated 35 suggesting
10 to 12 null
11 the 12 null
13 in 14 models
14 models 15 covarying
14 models 23 activity
14 models 30 and
15 covarying 16 for
16 for 20 factors
17 sociodemographic 18 and
18 and 19 psychosocial
18 and 20 factors
21 ( 23 activity
22 physical 23 activity
23 activity 24 ,
24 , 30 and
25 memory 26 ,
26 , 28 support
26 , 30 and
27 emotional 28 support
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 symptoms
30 and 33 )
30 and 34 ,
31 depressive 32 symptoms
34 , 35 suggesting
35 suggesting 36 that
35 suggesting 48 .
36 that 38 variables
36 that 39 play
37 these 38 variables
39 play 42 role
40 an 41 important
40 an 42 role
41 important 42 role
42 role 43 in
43 in 44 control
44 control 47 relations
45 - 47 relations
46 health 47 relations
47 relations 48 .

our discussion focuses on the importance of perceived control for healthy living in old age and the differential implications of perceived control for health in midlife and old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 2 discussion
2 discussion 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 13 in
3 focuses 23 for
3 focuses 25 in
4 on 6 importance
5 the 6 importance
6 importance 7 of
6 importance 10 for
7 of 9 control
8 perceived 9 control
10 for 12 living
11 healthy 12 living
13 in 16 and
14 old 15 age
15 age 16 and
16 and 19 implications
16 and 20 of
17 the 19 implications
18 differential 19 implications
20 of 22 control
21 perceived 22 control
23 for 24 health
25 in 29 age
26 midlife 27 and
27 and 28 old
27 and 29 age

normative adult age - related decrements [are] well documented for many diverse forms of effortful cognitive processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 normative 2 adult
2 adult 3 age
4 - 5 related
4 - 6 decrements
4 - 18 .
5 related 6 decrements
6 decrements 8 well
8 well 9 documented
8 well 10 for
10 for 13 forms
11 many 13 forms
12 diverse 13 forms
13 forms 14 of
14 of 17 processing
15 effortful 17 processing
16 cognitive 17 processing

however , it is currently unclear whether each of these [decrements] reflects a distinct and independent developmental phenomenon , or [,] in part [,] a more global phenomenon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 currently
4 is 6 unclear
6 unclear 7 whether
7 whether 8 each
7 whether 12 reflects
8 each 9 of
8 each 12 reflects
9 of 10 these
12 reflects 20 or
13 a 18 phenomenon
14 distinct 15 and
15 and 16 independent
15 and 18 phenomenon
17 developmental 18 phenomenon
18 phenomenon 20 or
19 , 20 or
20 or 23 part
20 or 28 phenomenon
22 in 23 part
25 a 28 phenomenon
26 more 27 global
27 global 28 phenomenon

a number of studies have recently been published that [show] moderate to large magnitudes of positive relations among individual differences in rates of changes in different cognitive variables during adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 4 studies
3 of 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 7 been
6 recently 7 been
7 been 8 published
8 published 11 moderate
9 that 11 moderate
11 moderate 12 to
11 moderate 18 among
11 moderate 21 in
12 to 14 magnitudes
13 large 14 magnitudes
14 magnitudes 15 of
15 of 17 relations
16 positive 17 relations
18 among 20 differences
19 individual 20 differences
21 in 22 rates
22 rates 23 of
22 rates 25 in
23 of 24 changes
25 in 28 variables
26 different 28 variables
27 cognitive 28 variables
28 variables 29 during
29 during 30 adulthood

this suggests that a small number of common dimensions or [even] a single common dimension may underlie substantial proportions of individual differences in aging - related cognitive declines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 10 or
3 that 17 underlie
4 a 5 small
4 a 6 number
5 small 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 10 or
7 of 9 dimensions
8 common 9 dimensions
10 or 15 dimension
10 or 16 may
12 a 15 dimension
13 single 15 dimension
14 common 15 dimension
16 may 17 underlie
17 underlie 19 proportions
17 underlie 23 in
18 substantial 19 proportions
19 proportions 20 of
20 of 22 differences
21 individual 22 differences
23 in 24 aging
25 - 26 related
26 related 28 declines
26 related 29 .
27 cognitive 28 declines

this possibility was directly examined using data from 1,281 adults 18 - 95 years of age who were followed longitudinally over up to 7 years on 12 different measures of effortful processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 possibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 possibility
2 possibility 3 was
3 was 5 examined
4 directly 5 examined
5 examined 6 using
5 examined 8 from
6 using 7 data
8 from 10 adults
9 1,281 10 adults
10 adults 11 18
12 - 14 years
13 95 14 years
14 years 15 of
14 years 17 who
14 years 18 were
15 of 16 age
17 who 18 were
18 were 19 followed
19 followed 20 longitudinally
19 followed 21 over
19 followed 26 on
21 over 25 years
22 up 23 to
23 to 24 7
24 7 25 years
26 on 29 measures
27 12 29 measures
28 different 29 measures
29 measures 30 of
30 of 32 processing
31 effortful 32 processing

multivariate growth curve models were applied to examine the dimensionality of individual differences in longitudinal changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 multivariate 4 models
2 growth 4 models
3 curve 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 applied
6 applied 7 to
6 applied 14 in
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 dimensionality
9 the 10 dimensionality
10 dimensionality 11 of
11 of 13 differences
12 individual 13 differences
14 in 16 changes
15 longitudinal 16 changes

results supported a hierarchical structure of aging - related changes , with an average of 39 % of individual differences in change in a given variable attributable to global ( domain - general ) developmental processes , 33 % attributable to domain - specific developmental processes ( abstract reasoning , spatial visualization , episodic memory , and processing speed ) , and 28 % attributable [to] test - specific developmental processes . 
1 results 2 supported
2 supported 5 structure
2 supported 12 with
3 a 4 hierarchical
3 a 5 structure
4 hierarchical 5 structure
5 structure 6 of
6 of 7 aging
7 aging 10 changes
8 - 10 changes
9 related 10 changes
10 changes 11 ,
12 with 14 average
13 an 14 average
14 average 15 of
15 of 17 %
16 39 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 21 in
18 of 20 differences
19 individual 20 differences
21 in 22 change
22 change 23 in
22 change 27 attributable
23 in 26 variable
24 a 26 variable
25 given 26 variable
27 attributable 28 to
28 to 36 processes
29 global 31 domain
29 global 36 processes
30 ( 31 domain
31 domain 33 general
31 domain 34 )
32 - 33 general
35 developmental 36 processes
36 processes 43 -
37 , 43 -
38 33 39 %
39 % 40 attributable
39 % 43 -
40 attributable 41 to
41 to 42 domain
43 - 52 visualization
44 specific 52 visualization
45 developmental 50 ,
45 developmental 52 visualization
46 processes 49 reasoning
47 ( 49 reasoning
48 abstract 49 reasoning
49 reasoning 50 ,
51 spatial 52 visualization
52 visualization 62 and
53 , 62 and
54 episodic 55 memory
55 memory 57 and
56 , 57 and
57 and 59 speed
57 and 60 )
57 and 62 and
58 processing 59 speed
61 , 62 and
62 and 67 test
62 and 68 -
62 and 71 processes
62 and 72 .
63 28 67 test
64 % 67 test
65 attributable 67 test
68 - 71 processes
69 specific 71 processes
70 developmental 71 processes
71 processes 72 .

the acceptance model of intuitive eating ( avalos & tylka , 2006 ) posits that body acceptance by others helps women appreciate their body and resist adopting an observer 's perspective of their body , which contribute to their eating intuitively/adaptively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 posits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 model
2 acceptance 3 model
3 model 4 of
3 model 14 posits
4 of 6 eating
5 intuitive 6 eating
6 eating 10 tylka
6 eating 12 2006
7 ( 10 tylka
8 avalos 9 &
9 & 10 tylka
10 tylka 11 ,
11 , 12 2006
12 2006 13 )
14 posits 15 that
15 that 17 acceptance
15 that 20 helps
16 body 17 acceptance
17 acceptance 18 by
17 acceptance 20 helps
18 by 19 others
20 helps 21 women
20 helps 25 and
22 appreciate 24 body
22 appreciate 25 and
23 their 24 body
25 and 26 resist
26 resist 27 adopting
27 adopting 31 perspective
28 an 29 observer
29 observer 30 's
30 's 31 perspective
31 perspective 32 of
32 of 34 body
33 their 34 body
35 , 36 which
35 , 37 contribute
36 which 37 contribute
37 contribute 38 to
37 contribute 41 intuitively/adaptively
38 to 40 eating
39 their 40 eating

multiple - group analysis revealed that this model fit the data for all age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 multiple 2 -
1 multiple 3 group
3 group 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 revealed
5 revealed 6 that
6 that 8 model
6 that 9 fit
7 this 8 model
8 model 9 fit
9 fit 11 data
10 the 11 data
11 data 12 for
12 for 15 groups
13 all 15 groups
14 age 15 groups

body appreciation [and] resistance to adopt an observer 's perspective mediated the body acceptance by others - intuitive eating link . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 body 4 resistance
2 appreciation 4 resistance
4 resistance 5 to
4 resistance 6 adopt
4 resistance 11 mediated
5 to 6 adopt
6 adopt 10 perspective
7 an 8 observer
8 observer 9 's
9 's 10 perspective
11 mediated 14 acceptance
11 mediated 15 by
12 the 14 acceptance
13 body 14 acceptance
15 by 16 others
17 - 20 link
17 - 21 .
18 intuitive 20 link
19 eating 20 link

body acceptance by others mediated the social support - body appreciation and bmi - body appreciation links . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acceptance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 body 2 acceptance
2 acceptance 3 by
2 acceptance 5 mediated
3 by 4 others
5 mediated 8 support
6 the 8 support
7 social 8 support
8 support 12 and
9 - 12 and
10 body 11 appreciation
11 appreciation 12 and
12 and 13 bmi
12 and 14 -
14 - 17 links
15 body 17 links
16 appreciation 17 links

early and middle adult women had stronger negative bmi - body acceptance by others and bmi - intuitive eating relationships and a stronger positive body acceptance by others - body appreciation relationship than emerging adult women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 early 2 and
2 and 5 women
2 and 6 had
3 middle 5 women
4 adult 5 women
6 had 9 bmi
7 stronger 9 bmi
8 negative 9 bmi
9 bmi 15 and
10 - 15 and
11 body 12 acceptance
12 acceptance 13 by
12 acceptance 15 and
13 by 14 others
15 and 16 bmi
15 and 17 -
17 - 21 and
18 intuitive 20 relationships
19 eating 20 relationships
20 relationships 21 and
21 and 26 acceptance
22 a 26 acceptance
23 stronger 25 body
24 positive 25 body
25 body 26 acceptance
26 acceptance 27 by
27 by 28 others
28 others 36 women
29 - 36 women
30 body 32 relationship
31 appreciation 32 relationship
32 relationship 36 women
33 than 34 emerging
34 emerging 36 women
35 adult 36 women
36 women 37 .

early adult women had a stronger positive resistance to adopt observer ['s] perspective - body appreciation [relationship] than emerging and middle adult women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 early 2 adult
2 adult 3 women
3 women 4 had
4 had 8 resistance
5 a 8 resistance
6 stronger 8 resistance
7 positive 8 resistance
8 resistance 9 to
8 resistance 10 adopt
9 to 10 adopt
10 adopt 13 perspective
11 observer 13 perspective
14 - 20 and
15 body 16 appreciation
16 appreciation 19 emerging
16 appreciation 20 and
18 than 19 emerging
20 and 23 women
21 middle 23 women
22 adult 23 women

syllable frequency has been shown to facilitate production in some languages but has yielded inconsistent results in english and has never been examined in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 syllable 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
5 shown 24 in
6 to 12 but
7 facilitate 8 production
7 facilitate 12 but
8 production 9 in
9 in 11 languages
10 some 11 languages
12 but 19 and
13 has 14 yielded
13 has 19 and
14 yielded 16 results
14 yielded 17 in
15 inconsistent 16 results
17 in 18 english
19 and 20 has
20 has 22 been
21 never 22 been
22 been 23 examined
24 in 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

tip - [of] - the [-] tongue ( tot ) states represent a unique type of production failure where the phonology of a word is unable to be retrieved , suggesting that the frequency of phonological forms , like syllables , [may] influence the occurrence of tot states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tip
1 tip 2 -
1 tip 12 represent
4 - 11 states
5 the 7 tongue
7 tongue 9 tot
7 tongue 11 states
8 ( 9 tot
9 tot 10 )
11 states 12 represent
12 represent 18 failure
13 a 15 type
14 unique 15 type
15 type 16 of
15 type 18 failure
16 of 18 failure
17 production 18 failure
18 failure 19 where
19 where 21 phonology
19 where 25 is
20 the 21 phonology
21 phonology 22 of
21 phonology 25 is
22 of 24 word
23 a 24 word
25 is 26 unable
26 unable 27 to
27 to 28 be
28 be 38 ,
29 retrieved 31 suggesting
29 retrieved 34 frequency
29 retrieved 38 ,
30 , 31 suggesting
31 suggesting 32 that
33 the 34 frequency
34 frequency 35 of
35 of 37 forms
36 phonological 37 forms
38 , 39 like
39 like 40 syllables
40 syllables 43 influence
41 , 43 influence
43 influence 45 occurrence
43 influence 48 states
43 influence 49 .
44 the 45 occurrence
45 occurrence 46 of
45 occurrence 48 states
46 of 47 tot

in the current study , we investigated the role of first - syllable frequency on tot [incidence] and resolution in young ( 18 - 26 years of age ) , young - old ( 60 - 74 years of age ) , and old - old ( 75 - 89 years of age ) adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 -
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 we 7 investigated
7 investigated 9 role
7 investigated 31 young
7 investigated 43 and
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
9 role 18 and
10 of 11 first
12 - 18 and
13 syllable 14 frequency
14 frequency 15 on
14 frequency 18 and
15 on 16 tot
18 and 19 resolution
18 and 20 in
18 and 29 )
20 in 26 years
21 young 23 18
21 young 24 -
21 young 26 years
22 ( 23 18
23 18 24 -
25 26 26 years
26 years 27 of
27 of 28 age
30 , 31 young
31 young 32 -
33 old 36 -
33 old 43 and
34 ( 36 -
35 60 36 -
36 - 38 years
36 - 41 )
37 74 38 years
38 years 39 of
39 of 40 age
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 old
45 - 55 adults
45 - 56 .
46 old 51 years
46 old 54 )
46 old 55 adults
47 ( 51 years
48 75 49 -
49 - 50 89
49 - 51 years
51 years 52 of
51 years 54 )
52 of 53 age

data from 3 published studies were compiled , where tots were elicited by presenting definition - like questions and asking participants to respond with " know , " " [don't] know , " or " tot . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compiled
1 data 2 from
1 data 6 were
2 from 5 studies
3 3 5 studies
4 published 5 studies
6 were 7 compiled
7 compiled 9 where
7 compiled 17 like
8 , 9 where
9 where 10 tots
9 where 12 elicited
9 where 16 -
10 tots 11 were
11 were 12 elicited
12 elicited 13 by
13 by 14 presenting
14 presenting 15 definition
16 - 17 like
17 like 19 and
17 like 37 .
18 questions 19 and
19 and 20 asking
19 and 21 participants
19 and 26 know
19 and 34 or
21 participants 22 to
21 participants 24 with
21 participants 26 know
22 to 23 respond
23 respond 24 with
24 with 25 "
27 , 28 "
27 , 34 or
28 " 29 "
31 know 34 or
32 , 33 "
32 , 34 or
34 or 35 "
34 or 36 tot
34 or 37 .
37 . 38 "

young - old and old - old adults , but not young adults , experienced more tots for words beginning with low - frequency first syllables relative to high - frequency first syllables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 old
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 young 2 -
1 young 3 old
4 and 10 but
4 and 15 experienced
5 old 6 -
5 old 7 old
7 old 8 adults
8 adults 10 but
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 not
10 but 13 adults
10 but 14 ,
10 but 15 experienced
11 not 12 young
12 young 13 adults
15 experienced 17 tots
15 experienced 21 with
16 more 17 tots
17 tots 18 for
17 tots 20 beginning
18 for 19 words
21 with 24 frequency
21 with 26 syllables
22 low 23 -
22 low 24 frequency
25 first 26 syllables
26 syllables 27 relative
27 relative 28 to
28 to 33 syllables
29 high 30 -
29 high 31 frequency
31 frequency 33 syllables
32 first 33 syllables

furthermore , age differences in tot [incidence] occurred only for words with low - frequency first syllables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 differences
3 age 4 differences
4 differences 5 in
4 differences 8 occurred
5 in 6 tot
8 occurred 9 only
8 occurred 12 with
9 only 10 for
10 for 11 words
12 with 17 syllables
13 low 14 -
13 low 15 frequency
15 frequency 17 syllables
16 first 17 syllables

in contrast , when a prime word with the same first syllable as the target was presented during tot states , all age groups resolved more tots for words beginning with low - frequency syllables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 resolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 24 groups
3 , 4 when
4 when 7 word
4 when 17 presented
4 when 21 ,
4 when 24 groups
5 a 6 prime
5 a 7 word
6 prime 7 word
7 word 8 with
7 word 13 as
7 word 16 was
8 with 12 syllable
9 the 10 same
10 same 12 syllable
11 first 12 syllable
13 as 15 target
14 the 15 target
16 was 17 presented
17 presented 18 during
18 during 20 states
19 tot 20 states
22 all 24 groups
23 age 24 groups
24 groups 25 resolved
25 resolved 27 tots
25 resolved 28 for
26 more 27 tots
28 for 29 words
29 words 30 beginning
29 words 31 with
31 with 35 syllables
32 low 33 -
32 low 34 frequency
34 frequency 35 syllables

these findings support speech production models that allow for bidirectional activation between conceptual , lexical , and phonological forms of words . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 6 models
3 support 12 between
4 speech 6 models
5 production 6 models
6 models 7 that
6 models 9 for
7 that 9 for
8 allow 9 for
9 for 11 activation
10 bidirectional 11 activation
12 between 19 forms
13 conceptual 14 ,
14 , 15 lexical
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 phonological
17 and 19 forms
19 forms 20 of
20 of 21 words

furthermore , the age - specific effects of syllable frequency [provide] insight into the progression of age - linked changes to phonological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 age
3 the 4 age
4 age 7 effects
4 age 19 linked
5 - 7 effects
6 specific 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 18 -
8 of 12 insight
9 syllable 12 insight
10 frequency 12 insight
12 insight 13 into
13 into 15 progression
14 the 15 progression
15 progression 16 of
16 of 17 age
19 linked 20 changes
19 linked 21 to
21 to 23 processes
22 phonological 23 processes

( psycinfo database record [(] [c] ) 2010 apa [,] all rights reserved ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 apa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ( 2 psycinfo
2 psycinfo 9 apa
3 database 9 apa
4 record 7 )
4 record 9 apa
8 2010 9 apa
9 apa 11 all
9 apa 12 rights
9 apa 13 reserved
11 all 12 rights
13 reserved 14 )

unlabelled : the isolated systolic hypertension is a distinct entity concerning evolving , pathological , diagnosis and treatment particularities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 6 hypertension
2 : 7 is
3 the 6 hypertension
4 isolated 6 hypertension
5 systolic 6 hypertension
6 hypertension 7 is
7 is 10 entity
8 a 10 entity
9 distinct 10 entity
10 entity 11 concerning
11 concerning 17 and
12 evolving 13 ,
13 , 16 diagnosis
13 , 17 and
14 pathological 15 ,
14 pathological 16 diagnosis
17 and 19 particularities
18 treatment 19 particularities

the present study analyzed the behavior of the blood pressure by continuous ambulatory monitoring of a group of patients diagnosed with isolated systolic hypertension [by] office measurement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 6 behavior
4 analyzed 11 by
4 analyzed 21 with
5 the 6 behavior
6 behavior 7 of
7 of 10 pressure
8 the 10 pressure
9 blood 10 pressure
11 by 14 monitoring
12 continuous 14 monitoring
13 ambulatory 14 monitoring
14 monitoring 15 of
14 monitoring 20 diagnosed
15 of 19 patients
16 a 17 group
17 group 18 of
17 group 19 patients
18 of 19 patients
21 with 27 measurement
22 isolated 24 hypertension
23 systolic 24 hypertension
24 hypertension 26 office
26 office 27 measurement

material and method : one hundred and twenty nine patients [with] isolated systolic hypertension [at] office [were] included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 material 2 and
2 and 3 method
3 method 4 :
4 : 10 patients
5 one 6 hundred
6 hundred 7 and
7 and 8 twenty
8 twenty 10 patients
9 nine 10 patients
10 patients 12 isolated
12 isolated 18 included
13 systolic 14 hypertension
14 hypertension 18 included
16 office 18 included

they were subjected to continuous ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure , then the treatment was started . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 then
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 subjected
3 subjected 4 to
3 subjected 12 then
4 to 7 monitoring
5 continuous 7 monitoring
6 ambulatory 7 monitoring
7 monitoring 8 of
8 of 10 pressure
9 blood 10 pressure
11 , 12 then
12 then 14 treatment
12 then 16 started
13 the 14 treatment
14 treatment 15 was
15 was 16 started

after six months the patients were reassessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 after
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 after 3 months
1 after 6 were
2 six 3 months
4 the 5 patients
5 patients 6 were
6 were 7 reassessed

results : continuous ambulatory monitoring better indicates the increase of systolic tension and the reduction of the diastolic tension by aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 monitoring
2 : 7 indicates
2 : 22 .
3 continuous 5 monitoring
4 ambulatory 5 monitoring
5 monitoring 7 indicates
6 better 7 indicates
7 indicates 9 increase
7 indicates 20 by
8 the 9 increase
9 increase 10 of
9 increase 16 of
10 of 13 and
11 systolic 12 tension
12 tension 13 and
13 and 15 reduction
14 the 15 reduction
16 of 19 tension
17 the 19 tension
18 diastolic 19 tension
20 by 21 aging

the pulse pressure is significantly higher at the over sixty - five group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pressure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 3 pressure
2 pulse 3 pressure
3 pressure 4 is
4 is 6 higher
5 significantly 6 higher
6 higher 7 at
7 at 10 sixty
8 the 10 sixty
9 over 10 sixty
11 - 12 five
11 - 13 group
11 - 14 .
12 five 13 group

the systolic tension is directly correlated with the pulse pressure and [indirectly] with the diurnal index [.] ( r = 0.36 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 tension
2 systolic 3 tension
3 tension 4 is
4 is 6 correlated
5 directly 6 correlated
6 correlated 11 and
7 with 10 pressure
7 with 11 and
8 the 10 pressure
9 pulse 10 pressure
11 and 13 with
13 with 16 index
14 the 16 index
15 diurnal 16 index
16 index 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 0.36
20 = 22 )

after six months of treatment the reevaluation shows a statistically significant reduction of the pathological parameters [although] without achieving tensional control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reevaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 after 3 months
1 after 7 reevaluation
2 six 3 months
3 months 4 of
4 of 5 treatment
6 the 7 reevaluation
7 reevaluation 8 shows
8 shows 12 reduction
8 shows 18 without
9 a 10 statistically
9 a 12 reduction
10 statistically 11 significant
11 significant 12 reduction
12 reduction 13 of
13 of 16 parameters
14 the 16 parameters
15 pathological 16 parameters
18 without 19 achieving
19 achieving 21 control
20 tensional 21 control

conclusions : the ambulatory monitoring better highlights the values [of] hypertension and assesses the load and day index values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 monitoring
3 the 5 monitoring
4 ambulatory 5 monitoring
5 monitoring 12 and
6 better 7 highlights
7 highlights 11 hypertension
7 highlights 12 and
8 the 11 hypertension
9 values 11 hypertension
12 and 13 assesses
12 and 19 values
13 assesses 17 day
14 the 17 day
15 load 16 and
16 and 17 day
18 index 19 values

achieving the therapeutic goal regarding systolic hypertension proves difficult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 achieving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 proves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 achieving 7 hypertension
1 achieving 8 proves
2 the 7 hypertension
3 therapeutic 4 goal
4 goal 7 hypertension
5 regarding 7 hypertension
6 systolic 7 hypertension
8 proves 9 difficult

objective : the ratio of psychological [to] organic ed changes with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 ratio
3 the 4 ratio
4 ratio 5 of
5 of 10 changes
6 psychological 10 changes
8 organic 10 changes
9 ed 10 changes
10 changes 11 with
11 with 12 aging

this study aimed to analyze the results of nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment ( neva ) for ed patients of different age groups and their significance in the diagnosis of ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 analyze
4 to 5 analyze
5 analyze 7 results
5 analyze 16 for
5 analyze 26 in
6 the 7 results
7 results 8 of
7 results 14 neva
8 of 12 assessment
9 nocturnal 10 electrobioimpedance
10 electrobioimpedance 12 assessment
11 volumetric 12 assessment
13 ( 14 neva
14 neva 15 )
16 for 23 and
17 ed 18 patients
18 patients 19 of
18 patients 23 and
19 of 22 groups
20 different 21 age
21 age 22 groups
23 and 25 significance
24 their 25 significance
26 in 28 diagnosis
27 the 28 diagnosis
28 diagnosis 29 of
29 of 30 ed

methods : a total of 83 ed patients were divided into 4 age groups ( < [or] = 29 yr [,] 30 - 39 yr , 40 - 49 yr [and] > [or] = 50 yr ) and detected for nocturnal penile tumescence ( npt ) by neva . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 38 and
2 : 49 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 38 and
5 of 8 patients
6 83 8 patients
7 ed 8 patients
9 were 10 divided
9 were 38 and
10 divided 11 into
10 divided 32 >
11 into 14 groups
12 4 14 groups
13 age 14 groups
14 groups 25 yr
15 ( 25 yr
16 < 23 -
18 = 19 29
19 29 20 yr
19 29 23 -
20 yr 22 30
23 - 24 39
23 - 25 yr
25 yr 26 ,
27 40 32 >
28 - 32 >
29 49 30 yr
30 yr 32 >
32 > 34 =
32 > 37 )
34 = 36 yr
35 50 36 yr
38 and 39 detected
38 and 40 for
38 and 47 by
40 for 43 tumescence
41 nocturnal 43 tumescence
42 penile 43 tumescence
43 tumescence 45 npt
44 ( 45 npt
45 npt 46 )
47 by 48 neva

results : thirty - four of the cases were diagnosed as organic ed , and the other 49 as psychological ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 -
2 : 10 diagnosed
3 thirty 4 -
4 - 5 four
4 - 6 of
4 - 9 were
6 of 8 cases
7 the 8 cases
9 were 10 diagnosed
10 diagnosed 11 as
11 as 15 and
12 organic 13 ed
13 ed 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 21 ed
16 the 17 other
17 other 18 49
18 49 21 ed
19 as 20 psychological
20 psychological 21 ed

with the increase of age , the former was increased from 30.3 % in the < [or] = 29 yr group to 60.0 % in [the] [>] or = 50 yr group , while the latter decreased from 69.7 % to 40.0 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 group
1 with 3 increase
1 with 6 ,
1 with 28 or
2 the 3 increase
3 increase 4 of
4 of 5 age
7 the 8 former
8 former 9 was
9 was 10 increased
10 increased 11 from
10 increased 14 in
11 from 13 %
12 30.3 13 %
14 in 22 to
15 the 22 to
16 < 22 to
18 = 19 29
19 29 20 yr
19 29 22 to
20 yr 21 group
22 to 23 60.0
23 60.0 25 in
24 % 25 in
25 in 28 or
28 or 31 yr
28 or 32 group
29 = 30 50
30 50 31 yr
32 group 34 while
33 , 34 while
34 while 36 latter
34 while 37 decreased
34 while 44 .
35 the 36 latter
36 latter 37 decreased
37 decreased 38 from
37 decreased 41 to
38 from 40 %
39 69.7 40 %
41 to 43 %
42 40.0 43 %

conclusion : the percentage of organic ed tends to grow with the increase of age , while that of psychological ed is just the opposite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 percentage
2 : 8 tends
3 the 4 percentage
4 percentage 5 of
4 percentage 8 tends
5 of 7 ed
6 organic 7 ed
8 tends 9 to
8 tends 10 grow
9 to 10 grow
10 grow 11 with
10 grow 17 while
11 with 13 increase
12 the 13 increase
13 increase 14 of
14 of 15 age
16 , 17 while
17 while 18 that
17 while 22 is
17 while 26 .
18 that 19 of
18 that 22 is
19 of 21 ed
20 psychological 21 ed
22 is 23 just
22 is 25 opposite
24 the 25 opposite

sirt1 is a member of the sir2 family of nad [(] [+] [ )(- dependent protein deacetylases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 )(-
1 sirt1 2 is
2 is 4 member
2 is 8 family
3 a 4 member
4 member 5 of
5 of 7 sir2
6 the 7 sir2
8 family 9 of
9 of 10 nad
14 )(- 16 protein
14 )(- 17 deacetylases
14 )(- 18 .
15 dependent 16 protein
16 protein 17 deacetylases

the central role of sirt1 in multiple metabolic and age - related pathways has pushed sirt1 to the forefront to discover small - molecule activators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 pushed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 role
2 central 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 14 has
4 of 5 sirt1
5 sirt1 6 in
6 in 13 pathways
7 multiple 13 pathways
8 metabolic 9 and
9 and 10 age
9 and 11 -
9 and 12 related
12 related 13 pathways
14 has 15 pushed
15 pushed 16 sirt1
15 pushed 20 to
16 sirt1 17 to
17 to 19 forefront
18 the 19 forefront
20 to 21 discover
21 discover 25 activators
22 small 23 -
22 small 24 molecule
24 molecule 25 activators

promising compounds , including resveratrol and srt1720 have been reported , however , whether these compounds are direct activators and the mechanism by which they activate remains poorly defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 promising
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 promising 6 and
1 promising 9 been
1 promising 10 reported
2 compounds 3 ,
3 , 5 resveratrol
3 , 6 and
4 including 5 resveratrol
6 and 7 srt1720
6 and 8 have
8 have 9 been
10 reported 12 however
10 reported 14 whether
11 , 12 however
12 however 13 ,
14 whether 16 compounds
14 whether 17 are
15 these 16 compounds
16 compounds 17 are
17 are 20 and
18 direct 19 activators
19 activators 20 and
20 and 22 mechanism
21 the 22 mechanism
22 mechanism 23 by
22 mechanism 29 defined
23 by 24 which
23 by 25 they
23 by 26 activate
25 they 26 activate
26 activate 27 remains
26 activate 28 poorly

this review examines the current debate surrounding [purported] activators , and will focus on the assays used in screening compounds , sirtuin catalysis , and the mechanistic basis for their actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 11 and
3 examines 7 surrounding
3 examines 9 activators
3 examines 11 and
4 the 7 surrounding
5 current 6 debate
6 debate 7 surrounding
7 surrounding 9 activators
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 will
11 and 14 on
12 will 13 focus
14 on 25 and
15 the 16 assays
16 assays 17 used
16 assays 18 in
16 assays 21 ,
18 in 19 screening
19 screening 20 compounds
21 , 23 catalysis
21 , 25 and
22 sirtuin 23 catalysis
24 , 25 and
25 and 28 basis
25 and 29 for
26 the 28 basis
27 mechanistic 28 basis
29 for 31 actions
30 their 31 actions

we discuss the potential pathways of sirt1 activation that could be exploited for the development of novel therapeutics for treating type ii diabetes , neurodegeneration , and diseases associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 5 pathways
2 discuss 19 for
3 the 5 pathways
4 potential 5 pathways
5 pathways 6 of
6 of 8 activation
7 sirt1 8 activation
8 activation 9 that
8 activation 10 could
9 that 10 could
10 could 11 be
11 be 12 exploited
12 exploited 13 for
13 for 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 18 therapeutics
17 novel 18 therapeutics
19 for 20 treating
20 treating 21 type
21 type 22 ii
21 type 27 and
21 type 31 aging
23 diabetes 24 ,
24 , 25 neurodegeneration
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 diseases
27 and 29 associated
29 associated 30 with
30 with 31 aging

connectedness , maintaining active engagement with life , is crucial to successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 connectedness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 connectedness 3 maintaining
1 connectedness 9 is
2 , 3 maintaining
3 maintaining 5 engagement
3 maintaining 6 with
3 maintaining 8 ,
4 active 5 engagement
6 with 7 life
9 is 10 crucial
10 crucial 11 to
11 to 13 aging
12 successful 13 aging

yet , no instruments were found to measure connectedness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 4 instruments
3 no 4 instruments
4 instruments 5 were
5 were 6 found
6 found 7 to
7 to 8 measure
8 measure 9 connectedness

the purpose of this study was to develop and test a connectedness scale for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 9 and
7 to 9 and
8 develop 9 and
9 and 10 test
10 test 13 scale
11 a 12 connectedness
11 a 13 scale
12 connectedness 13 scale
13 scale 14 for
14 for 16 adults
15 older 16 adults

a 72 [-] item instrument was administered to 428 community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 instrument
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 5 instrument
2 72 5 instrument
4 item 5 instrument
5 instrument 6 was
6 was 7 administered
7 administered 8 to
8 to 14 adults
9 428 14 adults
10 community 12 dwelling
12 dwelling 14 adults
13 older 14 adults

the sample was largely female , white widows/widowers , with a mean age of 76 ( sd [6.95] ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 sample
2 sample 3 was
3 was 4 largely
3 was 20 years
5 female 8 widows/widowers
5 female 20 years
6 , 8 widows/widowers
7 white 8 widows/widowers
8 widows/widowers 10 with
8 widows/widowers 19 )
9 , 10 with
10 with 13 age
10 with 19 )
11 a 12 mean
11 a 13 age
12 mean 13 age
13 age 14 of
14 of 15 76
15 76 17 sd
16 ( 17 sd
17 sd 19 )

the instrument was reduced to 45 items representing five factors with loadings ranging from [.] 40 to ..y 86 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 instrument
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 instrument
2 instrument 3 was
3 was 4 reduced
4 reduced 5 to
4 reduced 11 with
4 reduced 17 to
5 to 7 items
6 45 7 items
7 items 8 representing
8 representing 10 factors
9 five 10 factors
11 with 12 loadings
11 with 13 ranging
14 from 17 to
16 40 17 to
17 to 18 ..y
18 ..y 19 86

the factor labels and their reliability estimates were : ( a [ )(self - regulating ( [.] 86 ) , [(] [b] [ )(facing aging ( [.] 85 ) [,] ( [c] [ )(being part of a family ( [.] 87 ) [,] ( [d] [ )(having friends ( [.] 87 [ )(, [and] ( [e] [ )(being spiritual ( [.] 88 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 the 2 factor
2 factor 4 and
2 factor 8 were
2 factor 9 :
3 labels 4 and
4 and 7 estimates
4 and 8 were
5 their 7 estimates
6 reliability 7 estimates
9 : 14 -
10 ( 14 -
11 a 13 )(self
13 )(self 14 -
14 - 15 regulating
15 regulating 18 86
15 regulating 24 )(facing
16 ( 18 86
18 86 19 )
20 , 24 )(facing
24 )(facing 25 aging
25 aging 28 85
25 aging 34 )(being
26 ( 28 85
28 85 29 )
31 ( 34 )(being
34 )(being 35 part
35 part 36 of
36 of 38 family
37 a 38 family
38 family 41 87
38 family 47 )(having
39 ( 41 87
41 87 42 )
44 ( 47 )(having
47 )(having 48 friends
48 friends 51 87
48 friends 58 )(being
49 ( 51 87
51 87 53 )(,
55 ( 58 )(being
58 )(being 59 spiritual
58 )(being 64 .
59 spiritual 62 88
60 ( 62 88
62 88 63 )

this promising instrument may advance the science of successful aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 instrument
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 advance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 3 instrument
2 promising 3 instrument
3 instrument 4 may
4 may 5 advance
5 advance 7 science
6 the 7 science
7 science 8 of
8 of 10 aging
9 successful 10 aging

the immune system is affected by the aging process and undergoes significant age - related changes , termed immunosenescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 system
2 immune 3 system
3 system 10 and
4 is 5 affected
4 is 10 and
5 affected 6 by
6 by 9 process
7 the 9 process
8 aging 9 process
10 and 11 undergoes
10 and 13 age
12 significant 13 age
13 age 18 termed
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 changes
15 related 17 ,
15 related 18 termed
18 termed 19 immunosenescence

different [t] cell subsets are affected by this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subsets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 different 3 cell
3 cell 4 subsets
4 subsets 5 are
5 are 6 affected
6 affected 7 by
7 by 9 process
8 this 9 process

alterations within the bone marrow and thymus lead to a shift in the composition of the [t] cell repertoire from naïve [to] antigen - experienced [t] cells , thereby compromising the diversity of the [t] cell pool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 alterations 2 within
1 alterations 8 lead
2 within 6 and
3 the 5 marrow
4 bone 5 marrow
5 marrow 6 and
6 and 7 thymus
8 lead 9 to
8 lead 12 in
8 lead 32 diversity
9 to 11 shift
10 a 11 shift
12 in 14 composition
13 the 14 composition
14 composition 15 of
15 of 19 repertoire
16 the 19 repertoire
18 cell 19 repertoire
19 repertoire 20 from
19 repertoire 30 compromising
20 from 23 antigen
21 naïve 23 antigen
23 antigen 27 cells
24 - 27 cells
25 experienced 27 cells
27 cells 28 ,
29 thereby 30 compromising
31 the 32 diversity
32 diversity 33 of
33 of 37 pool
34 the 37 pool
36 cell 37 pool

additional infection with latent pathogens such as cytomegalovirus aggravates this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aggravates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 additional 2 infection
2 infection 3 with
2 infection 9 aggravates
3 with 5 pathogens
4 latent 5 pathogens
5 pathogens 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 8 cytomegalovirus
9 aggravates 11 process
10 this 11 process

in this review , we focus on the major age - related changes that occur in the naïve and the antigen - experienced t cell population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
6 focus 26 population
7 on 9 major
8 the 9 major
9 major 10 age
9 major 23 experienced
10 age 23 experienced
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 changes
12 related 22 -
12 related 23 experienced
13 changes 14 that
13 changes 15 occur
14 that 15 occur
15 occur 16 in
16 in 19 and
17 the 18 naïve
18 naïve 19 and
19 and 21 antigen
20 the 21 antigen
23 experienced 24 t
25 cell 26 population

we discuss the mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of these subsets and how age - related changes can be delayed or prevented by clinical interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 9 and
2 discuss 4 mechanisms
2 discuss 9 and
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 responsible
5 responsible 6 for
6 for 8 generation
7 the 8 generation
9 and 23 or
9 and 25 by
10 maintenance 11 of
10 maintenance 14 and
11 of 13 subsets
12 these 13 subsets
14 and 15 how
14 and 16 age
16 age 20 can
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 changes
18 related 20 can
20 can 23 or
21 be 22 delayed
21 be 23 or
23 or 24 prevented
25 by 27 interventions
26 clinical 27 interventions

micrornas ( mirnas ) are involved in almost every aspect of a mammalian cell 's functionality , from stem cell differentiation to aging and pathogenesis ; however , their role in immediate cell signaling is less defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 micrornas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 micrornas 3 mirnas
1 micrornas 5 are
2 ( 3 mirnas
3 mirnas 4 )
5 are 6 involved
6 involved 7 in
6 involved 18 from
7 in 10 aspect
8 almost 9 every
9 every 10 aspect
10 aspect 11 of
11 of 16 functionality
12 a 14 cell
13 mammalian 14 cell
14 cell 15 's
15 's 16 functionality
17 , 18 from
18 from 24 and
18 from 26 ;
19 stem 20 cell
20 cell 21 differentiation
21 differentiation 22 to
21 differentiation 24 and
22 to 23 aging
24 and 25 pathogenesis
26 ; 30 role
26 ; 35 is
27 however 28 ,
27 however 30 role
29 their 30 role
30 role 31 in
30 role 35 is
31 in 34 signaling
32 immediate 33 cell
33 cell 34 signaling
35 is 37 defined
36 less 37 defined

conversely , akt induces rapid downregulation of mir - 199a - 5p to effect upregulation of hypoxia - inducible factor 1α and sirtuin 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 akt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 3 akt
3 akt 4 induces
4 induces 6 downregulation
4 induces 13 to
4 induces 14 effect
5 rapid 6 downregulation
6 downregulation 7 of
7 of 12 5p
8 mir 9 -
8 mir 12 5p
10 199a 11 -
10 199a 12 5p
13 to 14 effect
14 effect 15 upregulation
15 upregulation 16 of
16 of 22 and
17 hypoxia 18 -
17 hypoxia 20 factor
19 inducible 20 factor
20 factor 21 1α
21 1α 22 and
22 and 23 sirtuin
23 sirtuin 24 1

this suggests that posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate mirnas ' processing [and/or] stability to induce the rapid fluctuation in their levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 5 mechanisms
3 that 6 regulate
4 posttranscriptional 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 regulate
6 regulate 11 stability
7 mirnas 8 '
8 ' 11 stability
9 processing 11 stability
11 stability 12 to
11 stability 13 induce
12 to 13 induce
13 induce 16 fluctuation
13 induce 17 in
14 the 16 fluctuation
15 rapid 16 fluctuation
17 in 19 levels
18 their 19 levels

in support , a growing number of studies are showing specific posttranscriptional regulation of mirnas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 support
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 studies
4 a 6 number
5 growing 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 8 studies
7 of 8 studies
8 studies 9 are
9 are 10 showing
10 showing 13 regulation
11 specific 13 regulation
12 posttranscriptional 13 regulation
13 regulation 14 of
14 of 15 mirnas

the data potentially explain how akt , and [plausibly] other signaling pathways , can specifically [and] promptly modulate a gene 's translation while circumventing the need for transcription during transient signaling events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 4 explain
3 potentially 4 explain
4 explain 5 how
5 how 8 and
5 how 18 modulate
6 akt 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 12 pathways
8 and 13 ,
8 and 14 can
10 other 12 pathways
11 signaling 12 pathways
14 can 18 modulate
15 specifically 18 modulate
17 promptly 18 modulate
18 modulate 22 translation
18 modulate 23 while
19 a 20 gene
20 gene 21 's
21 's 22 translation
23 while 24 circumventing
24 circumventing 26 need
24 circumventing 27 for
24 circumventing 29 during
25 the 26 need
27 for 28 transcription
29 during 32 events
30 transient 32 events
31 signaling 32 events

there is a growing call for civic engagement , largely in the form of formal volunteering , among older adults in america . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 call
3 a 5 call
4 growing 5 call
5 call 6 for
5 call 18 among
6 for 8 engagement
7 civic 8 engagement
8 engagement 11 in
9 , 10 largely
9 , 11 in
11 in 13 form
11 in 17 ,
12 the 13 form
13 form 14 of
14 of 16 volunteering
15 formal 16 volunteering
18 among 20 adults
19 older 20 adults
20 adults 21 in
21 in 22 america

this call is a response to the aging of the baby boom population , believed to be the healthiest and wealthiest cohort of older adults to date . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 call
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 call
2 call 14 ,
3 is 5 response
3 is 6 to
3 is 14 ,
4 a 5 response
6 to 8 aging
7 the 8 aging
8 aging 9 of
9 of 13 population
10 the 13 population
11 baby 12 boom
12 boom 13 population
14 , 15 believed
14 , 16 to
14 , 22 cohort
16 to 17 be
18 the 20 and
18 the 22 cohort
19 healthiest 20 and
20 and 21 wealthiest
22 cohort 23 of
23 of 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
25 adults 27 date
26 to 27 date

it also coincides with the devolution of welfare programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coincides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 it 3 coincides
2 also 3 coincides
3 coincides 4 with
4 with 6 devolution
5 the 6 devolution
6 devolution 7 of
7 of 9 programs
8 welfare 9 programs

we argue that current discussions of civic engagement are too narrow and may exclude important informal contributions that older adults make to civic society , and put undue stress on , and devalue those who may not contribute to society due to poor health , poverty or other barriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 12 and
2 argue 3 that
2 argue 12 and
3 that 5 discussions
3 that 9 are
4 current 5 discussions
5 discussions 6 of
5 discussions 9 are
6 of 8 engagement
7 civic 8 engagement
9 are 11 narrow
10 too 11 narrow
12 and 26 and
12 and 39 to
13 may 14 exclude
13 may 26 and
14 exclude 17 contributions
15 important 17 contributions
16 informal 17 contributions
17 contributions 18 that
17 contributions 21 make
18 that 20 adults
18 that 21 make
19 older 20 adults
20 adults 21 make
21 make 22 to
22 to 24 society
23 civic 24 society
25 , 26 and
26 and 32 and
27 put 29 stress
27 put 30 on
27 put 32 and
28 undue 29 stress
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 devalue
33 devalue 34 those
34 those 35 who
34 those 36 may
35 who 36 may
36 may 37 not
36 may 38 contribute
39 to 47 or
40 society 42 to
40 society 45 ,
41 due 42 to
42 to 44 health
43 poor 44 health
45 , 46 poverty
45 , 47 or
47 or 49 barriers
48 other 49 barriers

we draw on data collected from older adults of lower socio - economic status and diverse ethnic backgrounds in baltimore city using focus groups to explore their definitions of volunteering and barriers which they face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 draw
1 we 2 draw
2 draw 3 on
3 on 4 data
4 data 5 collected
4 data 9 of
4 data 15 and
5 collected 6 from
6 from 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
9 of 11 socio
10 lower 11 socio
12 - 15 and
13 economic 14 status
14 status 15 and
15 and 18 backgrounds
15 and 19 in
15 and 36 .
16 diverse 18 backgrounds
17 ethnic 18 backgrounds
19 in 31 and
20 baltimore 21 city
21 city 22 using
21 city 29 of
21 city 31 and
22 using 24 groups
22 using 25 to
23 focus 24 groups
25 to 26 explore
26 explore 28 definitions
27 their 28 definitions
29 of 30 volunteering
31 and 32 barriers
31 and 33 which
31 and 35 face
33 which 34 they
33 which 35 face
34 they 35 face

through a discussion of existing barriers and motivators for engagement , we critically assess the use of these terms and advance discussions on how to facilitate and value contributions of all older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 through 3 discussion
1 through 11 ,
1 through 12 we
2 a 3 discussion
3 discussion 4 of
4 of 7 and
5 existing 6 barriers
6 barriers 7 and
7 and 8 motivators
7 and 9 for
9 for 10 engagement
12 we 27 and
13 critically 14 assess
14 assess 16 use
14 assess 27 and
15 the 16 use
16 use 17 of
16 use 25 to
16 use 26 facilitate
17 of 20 and
18 these 19 terms
19 terms 20 and
20 and 22 discussions
21 advance 22 discussions
22 discussions 23 on
23 on 24 how
25 to 26 facilitate
27 and 28 value
28 value 29 contributions
29 contributions 30 of
30 of 33 adults
31 all 33 adults
32 older 33 adults

we conclude that civic engagement includes more than formal volunteering and that significant barriers need to be removed to facilitate greater participation of all elders in both formal and informal activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 11 and
2 conclude 6 includes
2 conclude 7 more
2 conclude 8 than
2 conclude 11 and
3 that 4 civic
4 civic 5 engagement
5 engagement 6 includes
8 than 10 volunteering
9 formal 10 volunteering
11 and 20 facilitate
11 and 26 in
12 that 13 significant
13 significant 14 barriers
14 barriers 15 need
15 need 16 to
15 need 19 to
16 to 17 be
17 be 18 removed
19 to 20 facilitate
20 facilitate 22 participation
21 greater 22 participation
22 participation 23 of
23 of 25 elders
24 all 25 elders
26 in 31 activities
27 both 31 activities
28 formal 29 and
29 and 30 informal
29 and 31 activities

type 2 diabetes is hallmarked by insulin resistance and insufficient β - cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hallmarked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 type 3 diabetes
2 2 3 diabetes
3 diabetes 4 is
4 is 5 hallmarked
5 hallmarked 6 by
6 by 9 and
7 insulin 8 resistance
8 resistance 9 and
9 and 14 function
10 insufficient 13 cell
11 β 12 -
11 β 13 cell
13 cell 14 function

islets of type 2 diabetes patients have been shown to have decreased hypoxia - inducible [factor] ( hif ) - 1α/β expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 islets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 islets 2 of
1 islets 6 patients
1 islets 10 to
1 islets 11 have
2 of 3 type
3 type 4 2
5 diabetes 6 patients
6 patients 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 shown
9 shown 10 to
11 have 12 decreased
12 decreased 22 expression
13 hypoxia 14 -
13 hypoxia 22 expression
15 inducible 18 hif
15 inducible 20 -
15 inducible 22 expression
17 ( 18 hif
18 hif 19 )
21 1α/β 22 expression

target genes of the hif pathway are involved in angiogenesis , survival , proliferation , and energy metabolism , and von hippel - lindau protein ( vhl ) is a negative regulator of this pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 target 2 genes
2 genes 3 of
2 genes 7 are
3 of 6 pathway
4 the 6 pathway
5 hif 6 pathway
7 are 8 involved
8 involved 9 in
9 in 10 angiogenesis
10 angiogenesis 16 and
11 , 16 and
12 survival 13 ,
13 , 14 proliferation
13 , 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 metabolism
16 and 19 ,
17 energy 18 metabolism
20 and 22 hippel
20 and 29 is
21 von 22 hippel
22 hippel 25 protein
22 hippel 29 is
23 - 25 protein
24 lindau 25 protein
25 protein 27 vhl
25 protein 28 )
26 ( 27 vhl
27 vhl 28 )
29 is 32 regulator
30 a 32 regulator
31 negative 32 regulator
32 regulator 33 of
33 of 35 pathway
34 this 35 pathway

we hypothesized that increased hif - mediated gene transcription by vhl deletion in the β - cells would increase β - [cell] mass and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
2 hypothesized 4 increased
3 that 4 increased
4 increased 5 hif
6 - 9 transcription
6 - 19 increase
6 - 21 -
7 mediated 8 gene
8 gene 9 transcription
9 transcription 10 by
9 transcription 18 would
10 by 12 deletion
11 vhl 12 deletion
12 deletion 13 in
13 in 17 cells
14 the 17 cells
15 β 16 -
15 β 17 cells
18 would 19 increase
19 increase 20 β
21 - 24 and
23 mass 24 and
24 and 25 function

we generated β - cell - specific vhl - knockout mice using the cre - loxp recombination [system] driven by the rat insulin promoter to assess the role of vhl in glucose homeostasis and β - cell function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 generated
2 generated 3 β
4 - 5 cell
4 - 6 -
6 - 8 vhl
6 - 16 loxp
7 specific 8 vhl
8 vhl 11 mice
8 vhl 16 loxp
9 - 11 mice
10 knockout 11 mice
11 mice 12 using
11 mice 15 -
12 using 14 cre
13 the 14 cre
16 loxp 17 recombination
16 loxp 20 by
16 loxp 25 to
17 recombination 19 driven
20 by 24 promoter
21 the 24 promoter
22 rat 24 promoter
23 insulin 24 promoter
25 to 26 assess
26 assess 28 role
26 assess 31 in
27 the 28 role
28 role 29 of
29 of 30 vhl
31 in 34 and
32 glucose 33 homeostasis
33 homeostasis 34 and
34 and 38 function
35 β 36 -
35 β 37 cell
37 cell 38 function

vhl deletion in the pancreatic β - cells led to impaired glucose tolerance due to defects in glucose - stimulated insulin secretion and β - cell mass with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 stimulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 vhl 2 deletion
2 deletion 3 in
2 deletion 20 stimulated
3 in 6 β
4 the 6 β
5 pancreatic 6 β
6 β 8 cells
7 - 8 cells
8 cells 9 led
8 cells 15 to
8 cells 17 in
8 cells 19 -
9 led 10 to
10 to 13 tolerance
11 impaired 12 glucose
12 glucose 13 tolerance
14 due 15 to
15 to 16 defects
17 in 18 glucose
20 stimulated 23 and
20 stimulated 28 with
21 insulin 22 secretion
22 secretion 23 and
23 and 27 mass
24 β 25 -
24 β 26 cell
26 cell 27 mass
28 with 29 age

vhl - knockout islets had decreased glut2 , but increased glucose transporter 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 islets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 vhl 2 -
1 vhl 4 islets
3 knockout 4 islets
4 islets 9 but
5 had 6 decreased
5 had 9 but
6 decreased 7 glut2
8 , 9 but
9 but 10 increased
10 increased 14 and
11 glucose 12 transporter
12 transporter 13 1
12 transporter 14 and
14 and 19 expression
15 vascular 17 growth
16 endothelial 17 growth
17 growth 19 expression
18 factor 19 expression

furthermore , there were significant aberrations in islet morphology in the vhl - knockout mice , likely due to increased islet vasculature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 there
3 there 4 were
4 were 6 aberrations
5 significant 6 aberrations
6 aberrations 7 in
6 aberrations 17 likely
7 in 9 morphology
8 islet 9 morphology
9 morphology 10 in
9 morphology 15 mice
10 in 12 vhl
11 the 12 vhl
13 - 15 mice
14 knockout 15 mice
15 mice 16 ,
17 likely 19 to
18 due 19 to
19 to 22 vasculature
20 increased 22 vasculature
21 islet 22 vasculature

given that erythropoietin ( epo ) is a target gene of the hif pathway , which is not expressed in islets , we tested whether activating epo signaling by systemic administration with recombinant human epo ( rhuepo ) can overcome the β - cell defects that occurred with vhl loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
1 given 3 erythropoietin
1 given 7 is
2 that 3 erythropoietin
3 erythropoietin 5 epo
4 ( 5 epo
5 epo 6 )
7 is 10 gene
8 a 10 gene
9 target 10 gene
10 gene 11 of
10 gene 16 which
11 of 14 pathway
12 the 14 pathway
13 hif 14 pathway
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 is
16 which 22 ,
17 is 18 not
17 is 19 expressed
19 expressed 20 in
20 in 21 islets
22 , 23 we
22 , 24 tested
23 we 24 tested
24 tested 25 whether
25 whether 26 activating
25 whether 40 overcome
26 activating 27 epo
26 activating 39 can
27 epo 28 signaling
27 epo 29 by
27 epo 32 with
29 by 31 administration
30 systemic 31 administration
32 with 35 epo
33 recombinant 35 epo
34 human 35 epo
35 epo 37 rhuepo
36 ( 37 rhuepo
37 rhuepo 38 )
39 can 40 overcome
40 overcome 42 β
41 the 42 β
42 β 45 defects
43 - 45 defects
44 cell 45 defects
45 defects 46 that
45 defects 47 occurred
45 defects 48 with
45 defects 51 .
46 that 47 occurred
48 with 50 loss
49 vhl 50 loss

we observed improved glucose tolerance and restoration of glut2 expression in vhl - deficient β - cells in response to rhuepo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 6 and
2 observed 20 to
3 improved 4 glucose
4 glucose 5 tolerance
5 tolerance 6 and
6 and 7 restoration
6 and 8 of
8 of 10 expression
9 glut2 10 expression
10 expression 11 in
11 in 17 cells
12 vhl 15 β
12 vhl 17 cells
13 - 15 β
14 deficient 15 β
15 β 16 -
18 in 19 response
19 response 20 to
20 to 21 rhuepo

contrary to our hypothesis , loss of vhl and increased transcription of hif - target genes resulted in impaired β - cell function and mass , which can be overcome with exogenous epo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 contrary 2 to
1 contrary 5 ,
2 to 4 hypothesis
3 our 4 hypothesis
5 , 23 function
5 , 24 and
6 loss 7 of
6 loss 9 and
7 of 8 vhl
9 and 11 transcription
9 and 14 -
9 and 16 genes
9 and 18 in
9 and 19 impaired
10 increased 11 transcription
11 transcription 12 of
12 of 13 hif
15 target 16 genes
16 genes 17 resulted
17 resulted 18 in
19 impaired 23 function
20 β 21 -
20 β 22 cell
22 cell 23 function
24 and 25 mass
26 , 27 which
26 , 30 overcome
27 which 28 can
28 can 29 be
29 be 30 overcome
30 overcome 31 with
31 with 33 epo
32 exogenous 33 epo

our results indicate a critical role for vhl in β - [cell] [function] and mass , and that epo administration improved β - cell function making it a potential strategy for diabetes treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 6 role
3 indicate 9 in
4 a 6 role
5 critical 6 role
6 role 7 for
7 for 8 vhl
9 in 17 and
10 β 14 and
11 - 14 and
14 and 15 mass
14 and 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 25 function
18 that 25 function
19 epo 25 function
20 administration 25 function
21 improved 24 cell
22 β 23 -
22 β 24 cell
24 cell 25 function
25 function 26 making
26 making 27 it
26 making 30 strategy
26 making 31 for
28 a 29 potential
28 a 30 strategy
29 potential 30 strategy
31 for 33 treatment
32 diabetes 33 treatment

this article , co - authored by a functional therapist and a neuroradiologist , proposes a definition as well as a general overview of epidemiological , legal and clinical concerns related to the handicap followed by a [more] in - depth study of subjects with cerebral palsy or other brain motor handicap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 -
1 this 2 article
2 article 4 co
2 article 15 proposes
3 , 4 co
4 co 6 authored
4 co 14 ,
5 - 6 authored
6 authored 7 by
6 authored 14 ,
7 by 11 and
8 a 9 functional
8 a 10 therapist
9 functional 10 therapist
10 therapist 11 and
11 and 13 neuroradiologist
12 a 13 neuroradiologist
15 proposes 17 definition
15 proposes 19 well
15 proposes 20 as
16 a 17 definition
18 as 19 well
20 as 23 overview
20 as 31 related
21 a 22 general
21 a 23 overview
22 general 23 overview
23 overview 24 of
23 overview 31 related
24 of 30 concerns
25 epidemiological 26 ,
25 epidemiological 30 concerns
27 legal 28 and
28 and 29 clinical
28 and 30 concerns
31 related 32 to
31 related 40 -
32 to 34 handicap
33 the 34 handicap
34 handicap 35 followed
35 followed 36 by
36 by 39 in
37 a 39 in
40 - 52 handicap
40 - 53 .
41 depth 52 handicap
42 study 43 of
42 study 48 or
43 of 44 subjects
44 subjects 45 with
45 with 47 palsy
46 cerebral 47 palsy
48 or 49 other
48 or 50 brain
50 brain 52 handicap
51 motor 52 handicap

this patient population contains an increasing number of adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 patient
2 patient 3 population
3 population 4 contains
4 contains 9 adults
5 an 7 number
6 increasing 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 adults
8 of 9 adults

the effects of aging and the increased incidence of letal malignancies in this population will be reviewed.the [role] of imaging in the management of these patients , its key features and related pitfalls are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 5 and
3 of 4 aging
5 and 8 incidence
5 and 9 of
5 and 12 in
5 and 15 will
5 and 20 imaging
6 the 8 incidence
7 increased 8 incidence
9 of 11 malignancies
10 letal 11 malignancies
12 in 14 population
13 this 14 population
15 will 16 be
16 be 17 reviewed.the
17 reviewed.the 19 of
19 of 20 imaging
20 imaging 21 in
21 in 23 management
22 the 23 management
23 management 24 of
24 of 26 patients
25 these 26 patients
27 , 31 and
27 , 35 discussed
28 its 30 features
29 key 30 features
30 features 31 and
31 and 33 pitfalls
31 and 34 are
32 related 33 pitfalls
34 are 35 discussed

finally , the role of mr imaging of the brain in patients with cerebral palsy is discussed with emphasis on the relation between lesion type [and] impairment , imaging characteristics and injury mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 16 is
5 of 7 imaging
6 mr 7 imaging
7 imaging 8 of
8 of 10 brain
9 the 10 brain
10 brain 11 in
11 in 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
13 with 15 palsy
14 cerebral 15 palsy
16 is 17 discussed
17 discussed 18 with
17 discussed 20 on
17 discussed 23 between
18 with 19 emphasis
20 on 22 relation
21 the 22 relation
23 between 31 and
24 lesion 25 type
25 type 27 impairment
27 impairment 28 ,
28 , 30 characteristics
28 , 31 and
29 imaging 30 characteristics
31 and 33 mechanism
32 injury 33 mechanism

purpose : to investigate ct densities of orbital soft tissue volumes in patients with graves orbitopathy ( go ) and to [compare] these with the densities of controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 densities
4 investigate 12 in
4 investigate 20 and
4 investigate 24 with
5 ct 6 densities
6 densities 7 of
7 of 11 volumes
8 orbital 10 tissue
9 soft 10 tissue
10 tissue 11 volumes
12 in 13 patients
14 with 16 orbitopathy
14 with 20 and
15 graves 16 orbitopathy
16 orbitopathy 18 go
17 ( 18 go
18 go 19 )
20 and 21 to
21 to 23 these
24 with 26 densities
25 the 26 densities
26 densities 27 of
27 of 28 controls

methods : observational case series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 series
3 observational 4 case
4 case 5 series

of 95 patients with go and 150 controls , soft tissue volumes , mean densities , and ratios of fat volume to orbital volume and muscle volume to orbital volume were calculated with software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 of 2 95
1 of 6 and
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 6 and
4 with 5 go
6 and 8 controls
6 and 12 volumes
6 and 14 mean
7 150 8 controls
9 , 12 volumes
10 soft 11 tissue
11 tissue 12 volumes
12 volumes 13 ,
14 mean 25 and
14 mean 32 calculated
15 densities 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 ratios
17 and 19 of
17 and 25 and
19 of 21 volume
20 fat 21 volume
21 volume 22 to
22 to 24 volume
23 orbital 24 volume
25 and 27 volume
25 and 28 to
25 and 31 were
26 muscle 27 volume
28 to 30 volume
29 orbital 30 volume
31 were 32 calculated
32 calculated 33 with
33 with 34 software

the 95 % confidence intervals of the controls were used as reference values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 intervals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 95
2 95 5 intervals
3 % 4 confidence
4 confidence 5 intervals
5 intervals 6 of
5 intervals 9 were
6 of 8 controls
7 the 8 controls
9 were 10 used
10 used 11 as
11 as 13 values
12 reference 13 values

the densities were plotted against age and volume ratios . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 densities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 plotted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 densities
2 densities 3 were
3 were 4 plotted
4 plotted 5 against
5 against 7 and
6 age 7 and
7 and 9 ratios
8 volume 9 ratios

for statistical analysis spss 16.00.2 was used . [p] values were calculated with the following tests : analysis of variance , pearson correlation , kruskal - wallis , mann - whitney , and linear regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 for 3 analysis
1 for 6 was
2 statistical 3 analysis
4 spss 5 16.00.2
4 spss 6 was
6 was 7 used
8 . 10 values
8 . 12 calculated
8 . 17 :
10 values 11 were
11 were 12 calculated
12 calculated 13 with
13 with 16 tests
14 the 15 following
14 the 16 tests
17 : 33 and
17 : 36 .
18 analysis 19 of
18 analysis 21 ,
19 of 20 variance
21 , 23 correlation
21 , 24 ,
22 pearson 23 correlation
24 , 25 kruskal
24 , 33 and
25 kruskal 27 wallis
26 - 27 wallis
27 wallis 29 mann
27 wallis 32 ,
28 , 29 mann
29 mann 31 whitney
29 mann 32 ,
30 - 31 whitney
31 whitney 32 ,
33 and 35 regression
34 linear 35 regression

results : the main outcome measurements were differences in orbital soft tissue densities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 measurements
2 : 7 were
2 : 14 .
3 the 4 main
3 the 6 measurements
5 outcome 6 measurements
6 measurements 7 were
7 were 8 differences
8 differences 9 in
9 in 13 densities
10 orbital 12 tissue
11 soft 12 tissue
12 tissue 13 densities

in go patients the mean orbital fat density was significantly higher than in controls ( [p] ≤ 0.001 [ )(and independent of age ( p = 0.23 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 9 was
2 go 3 patients
4 the 8 density
5 mean 8 density
6 orbital 8 density
7 fat 8 density
8 density 9 was
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 higher
11 higher 12 than
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 controls
14 controls 20 )(and
15 ( 20 )(and
17 ≤ 18 0.001
17 ≤ 20 )(and
20 )(and 21 independent
20 )(and 22 of
20 )(and 26 =
20 )(and 28 )
22 of 23 age
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.23

the mean extraocular muscle density of go patients was within the range of controls and did not decrease with age ( p = 0.16 ) as it did in controls ( [p] ≤ 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 did
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 4 muscle
2 mean 4 muscle
3 extraocular 4 muscle
4 muscle 5 density
4 muscle 9 was
4 muscle 28 did
5 density 6 of
5 density 9 was
6 of 8 patients
7 go 8 patients
9 was 10 within
9 was 26 as
10 within 12 range
11 the 12 range
12 range 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 controls 15 and
15 and 16 did
16 did 17 not
16 did 18 decrease
18 decrease 19 with
19 with 20 age
20 age 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.16
23 = 25 )
26 as 27 it
28 did 29 in
29 in 30 controls
30 controls 33 ≤
31 ( 33 ≤
33 ≤ 34 0.001
33 ≤ 35 )

mean fat density increased with decreasing fat volume ( p = 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 mean 3 density
2 fat 3 density
3 density 4 increased
4 increased 5 with
5 with 6 decreasing
6 decreasing 8 volume
7 fat 8 volume
8 volume 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.001
11 = 13 )

mean extraocular muscle density increased slightly with increasing muscle volume ( p = 0.09 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mean 4 density
2 extraocular 3 muscle
3 muscle 4 density
4 density 5 increased
5 increased 6 slightly
5 increased 7 with
7 with 8 increasing
8 increasing 10 volume
9 muscle 10 volume
10 volume 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 p 13 =
13 = 14 0.09
13 = 15 )

muscle density correlated with fat density in both controls and go patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 muscle 2 density
1 muscle 7 in
2 density 3 correlated
3 correlated 4 with
4 with 6 density
5 fat 6 density
7 in 10 and
8 both 10 and
9 controls 10 and
10 and 12 patients
11 go 12 patients

conclusions : orbital fat density in go patients is significantly higher than in controls and negatively correlated to fat volume but positively correlated to muscle volume and muscle density . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 5 density
2 : 15 and
3 orbital 5 density
4 fat 5 density
5 density 6 in
5 density 15 and
6 in 8 patients
7 go 8 patients
9 is 10 significantly
9 is 11 higher
9 is 15 and
11 higher 12 than
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 controls
15 and 21 but
15 and 24 to
15 and 27 and
16 negatively 17 correlated
17 correlated 18 to
17 correlated 21 but
18 to 20 volume
19 fat 20 volume
21 but 23 correlated
22 positively 23 correlated
24 to 25 muscle
26 volume 27 and
27 and 29 density
28 muscle 29 density

background : older adults frequently experience pressure ulcers ( prus ) and suffer the risks of the ulceration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 12 and
2 : 19 .
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 12 and
5 frequently 6 experience
6 experience 8 ulcers
6 experience 12 and
7 pressure 8 ulcers
8 ulcers 10 prus
9 ( 10 prus
10 prus 11 )
12 and 13 suffer
13 suffer 15 risks
14 the 15 risks
15 risks 16 of
16 of 18 ulceration
17 the 18 ulceration

risk factors for prus remain unclear in a community population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 risk 2 factors
2 factors 3 for
2 factors 5 remain
3 for 4 prus
5 remain 6 unclear
6 unclear 7 in
7 in 10 population
8 a 10 population
9 community 10 population

objective : the objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for future pressure ulceration in a community sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 objective
2 : 21 sample
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 12 risk
11 the 12 risk
12 risk 13 factors
12 risk 21 sample
13 factors 14 for
13 factors 21 sample
14 for 17 ulceration
15 future 17 ulceration
16 pressure 17 ulceration
17 ulceration 18 in
18 in 20 community
19 a 20 community

design : this was a retrospective cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 was
2 : 9 .
3 this 4 was
4 was 8 study
5 a 6 retrospective
5 a 8 study
6 retrospective 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 study

patients : all patients older than 60 years in a primary care panel in olmsted county , minnesota , on january 1 , 2005 , were enrolled ( n = 12,650 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 patients
2 : 25 ,
3 all 4 patients
4 patients 5 older
4 patients 25 ,
5 older 6 than
6 than 8 years
6 than 9 in
7 60 8 years
9 in 12 care
10 a 12 care
11 primary 12 care
13 panel 14 in
13 panel 20 on
13 panel 24 2005
13 panel 25 ,
14 in 16 county
15 olmsted 16 county
16 county 18 minnesota
17 , 18 minnesota
18 minnesota 19 ,
19 , 20 on
20 on 21 january
20 on 23 ,
21 january 22 1
25 , 26 were
26 were 27 enrolled
27 enrolled 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 12,650
30 = 32 )

methods and outcomes : the primary outcome was a new diagnosis of pressure ulceration within 40 months [of] index [date] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 outcomes
4 : 7 outcome
4 : 8 was
5 the 7 outcome
6 primary 7 outcome
7 outcome 8 was
8 was 11 diagnosis
9 a 10 new
9 a 11 diagnosis
10 new 11 diagnosis
11 diagnosis 12 of
11 diagnosis 17 months
11 diagnosis 19 index
12 of 14 ulceration
13 pressure 14 ulceration
14 ulceration 15 within
15 within 16 40
17 months 19 index

the predictor risk variables included demographic and comorbid health risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 4 variables
2 predictor 4 variables
3 risk 4 variables
4 variables 5 included
5 included 11 factors
6 demographic 7 and
7 and 8 comorbid
7 and 9 health
9 health 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors

the data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 using
5 using 10 regression
6 univariable 7 and
7 and 8 multivariable
7 and 10 regression
9 logistic 10 regression

the authors created a final model based on multivariable risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 created
3 created 6 model
4 a 5 final
4 a 6 model
5 final 6 model
6 model 7 based
7 based 8 on
8 on 11 factors
9 multivariable 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors

main results : of 12,650 patients , 366 patients developed an incident [pru] ( 2.9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 main 2 results
2 results 3 :
3 : 4 of
4 of 6 patients
5 12,650 6 patients
7 , 9 patients
7 , 10 developed
8 366 9 patients
9 patients 10 developed
10 developed 12 incident
11 an 12 incident
12 incident 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 2.9 16 %
16 % 17 )

in the final model , age , male sex , and long - term - care facility admission were significant factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 admission
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 11 and
1 in 15 -
1 in 18 admission
2 the 4 model
3 final 4 model
4 model 5 ,
5 , 6 age
5 , 7 ,
7 , 9 sex
7 , 11 and
8 male 9 sex
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 term
12 long 13 -
12 long 14 term
16 care 17 facility
17 facility 18 admission
18 admission 19 were
19 were 21 factors
20 significant 21 factors

prior pressure ulceration with an odds ratio of 5.60 ( 95 % confidence [interval] , 3.86 - 8.14 ) was the largest risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ulceration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 prior 2 pressure
2 pressure 3 ulceration
3 ulceration 4 with
3 ulceration 8 of
3 ulceration 20 was
4 with 7 ratio
5 an 7 ratio
6 odds 7 ratio
8 of 9 5.60
9 5.60 13 confidence
9 5.60 17 -
10 ( 13 confidence
11 95 12 %
12 % 13 confidence
13 confidence 15 ,
15 , 17 -
16 3.86 17 -
17 - 18 8.14
17 - 19 )
20 was 24 factor
21 the 22 largest
21 the 24 factor
23 risk 24 factor

diabetes [,] falls , cataracts , renal insufficiency , and peripheral vascular disease were also associated with pru development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 diabetes 3 falls
4 , 10 and
4 , 16 associated
5 cataracts 6 ,
6 , 8 insufficiency
6 , 10 and
7 renal 8 insufficiency
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 disease
10 and 14 were
11 peripheral 13 disease
12 vascular 13 disease
14 were 16 associated
15 also 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 19 development
18 pru 19 development

conclusion : pru development involves important risk factors of prior pru development and long - term - care facility placement as the 2 largest risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 pru
3 pru 4 development
3 pru 5 involves
3 pru 9 of
4 development 5 involves
5 involves 8 factors
6 important 8 factors
7 risk 8 factors
9 of 13 and
10 prior 12 development
11 pru 12 development
12 development 13 and
13 and 16 term
14 long 15 -
14 long 16 term
17 - 20 placement
18 care 20 placement
19 facility 20 placement
20 placement 21 as
21 as 26 factors
22 the 23 2
23 2 24 largest
23 2 26 factors
25 risk 26 factors

both factors are easily determined by history . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 both 2 factors
2 factors 3 are
3 are 4 easily
3 are 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
6 by 7 history

increasing age and comorbid medical conditions also impact pru development as important risk factors for pru development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 increasing 2 age
2 age 3 and
3 and 4 comorbid
3 and 6 conditions
3 and 14 factors
5 medical 6 conditions
6 conditions 8 impact
7 also 8 impact
8 impact 10 development
8 impact 11 as
9 pru 10 development
11 as 13 risk
11 as 14 factors
12 important 13 risk
13 risk 14 factors
14 factors 15 for
15 for 17 development
16 pru 17 development

background : the longitudinal cognitive course in parkinson 's disease ( pd ) [with] and without dementia remains undefined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 6 course
2 : 15 and
3 the 6 course
4 longitudinal 6 course
5 cognitive 6 course
7 in 10 disease
7 in 15 and
8 parkinson 9 's
9 's 10 disease
10 disease 12 pd
11 ( 12 pd
12 pd 13 )
15 and 16 without
16 without 18 remains
17 dementia 18 remains
18 remains 19 undefined

we compared cross [-] sectional models of cognition in pd ( both [with] and [without] dementia ) , alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , and nondemented aging and followed the participants over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 26 and
2 compared 6 models
2 compared 26 and
3 cross 6 models
5 sectional 6 models
6 models 7 of
6 models 21 disease
7 of 8 cognition
8 cognition 9 in
9 in 10 pd
10 pd 14 and
11 ( 14 and
12 both 14 and
14 and 16 dementia
14 and 17 )
18 , 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
21 disease 23 ad
21 disease 25 ,
22 ( 23 ad
23 ad 24 )
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 and
26 and 33 over
27 nondemented 28 aging
27 nondemented 29 and
29 and 30 followed
30 followed 32 participants
31 the 32 participants
33 over 34 time

method : previously validated models of cognitive performance in ad and nondemented aging were extended to individuals with pd ( with dementia , n = 71 [;] without dementia , n = 47 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 5 models
2 : 15 extended
3 previously 4 validated
4 validated 5 models
5 models 6 of
5 models 14 were
6 of 11 and
7 cognitive 8 performance
8 performance 9 in
8 performance 11 and
9 in 10 ad
11 and 13 aging
12 nondemented 13 aging
14 were 15 extended
15 extended 16 to
15 extended 18 with
15 extended 28 without
16 to 17 individuals
18 with 19 pd
19 pd 21 with
19 pd 25 =
20 ( 21 with
21 with 22 dementia
21 with 23 ,
24 n 25 =
25 = 26 71
28 without 29 dementia
29 dementia 32 =
30 , 32 =
31 n 32 =
32 = 33 47
32 = 34 )

confirmatory factor analysis and piecewise regression were used to compare the longitudinal course of participants with pd with 191 cognitively healthy subjects and 115 individuals with autopsy [-] confirmed ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 confirmatory 4 and
2 factor 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 and
4 and 6 regression
4 and 7 were
5 piecewise 6 regression
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 compare
9 to 10 compare
10 compare 23 and
10 compare 26 with
11 the 13 course
12 longitudinal 13 course
13 course 14 of
13 course 23 and
14 of 15 participants
15 participants 16 with
15 participants 18 with
16 with 17 pd
18 with 22 subjects
19 191 22 subjects
20 cognitively 21 healthy
21 healthy 22 subjects
23 and 25 individuals
24 115 25 individuals
26 with 30 ad
27 autopsy 30 ad
29 confirmed 30 ad

results : a factor analytic model with one general factor and three specific factors ( verbal memory , visuospatial memory , working memory ) fit demented and nondemented pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 11 and
2 : 25 fit
3 a 6 model
4 factor 6 model
5 analytic 6 model
6 model 7 with
6 model 11 and
7 with 10 factor
8 one 10 factor
9 general 10 factor
11 and 14 factors
11 and 17 memory
11 and 20 memory
11 and 23 memory
11 and 25 fit
12 three 14 factors
13 specific 14 factors
15 ( 17 memory
16 verbal 17 memory
17 memory 18 ,
18 , 20 memory
19 visuospatial 20 memory
20 memory 21 ,
21 , 23 memory
22 working 23 memory
23 memory 24 )
25 fit 27 and
26 demented 27 and
27 and 29 pd
28 nondemented 29 pd

longitudinal change indicated that individuals with pd with dementia declined significantly more rapidly on visuospatial and verbal memory tasks than ad alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 longitudinal 2 change
2 change 3 indicated
2 change 4 that
2 change 10 declined
2 change 19 tasks
4 that 5 individuals
4 that 10 declined
5 individuals 6 with
5 individuals 10 declined
6 with 7 pd
7 pd 8 with
8 with 9 dementia
10 declined 13 rapidly
10 declined 14 on
11 significantly 12 more
12 more 13 rapidly
14 on 18 memory
15 visuospatial 16 and
16 and 17 verbal
16 and 18 memory
19 tasks 20 than
19 tasks 21 ad
19 tasks 22 alone

cognitive declines across all factors in ad and pd dementia accelerated several years prior to clinical dementia diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 accelerated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cognitive 2 declines
2 declines 3 across
2 declines 8 and
3 across 5 factors
4 all 5 factors
5 factors 6 in
6 in 7 ad
8 and 10 dementia
8 and 11 accelerated
9 pd 10 dementia
11 accelerated 13 years
11 accelerated 15 to
12 several 13 years
14 prior 15 to
15 to 18 diagnosis
16 clinical 18 diagnosis
17 dementia 18 diagnosis

conclusion : both specific and global cognitive changes are witnessed in pd and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 changes
2 : 10 witnessed
3 both 8 changes
4 specific 5 and
5 and 6 global
5 and 8 changes
7 cognitive 8 changes
8 changes 9 are
9 are 10 witnessed
10 witnessed 11 in
11 in 14 ad
12 pd 13 and
13 and 14 ad
14 ad 15 .

longitudinal profiles of cognitive decline [in] pd and ad differed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 profiles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 longitudinal 2 profiles
2 profiles 3 of
2 profiles 10 differed
3 of 8 and
4 cognitive 5 decline
5 decline 7 pd
7 pd 8 and
8 and 9 ad

pd [with] or [without] dementia has a core feature [of] longitudinal decline in visuospatial abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 pd 3 or
3 or 5 dementia
3 or 6 has
6 has 12 decline
6 has 13 in
7 a 12 decline
8 core 12 decline
9 feature 12 decline
11 longitudinal 12 decline
13 in 15 abilities
14 visuospatial 15 abilities

our previous study showed that a combination of a plasmid - expressing flt3 [ligand] ( pfl ) and cpg oligodeoxynucleotides ( cpg odn ) as [a] combined nasal adjuvant elicited mucosal immune responses in aged ( 2 - y - old ) mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 our 3 study
2 previous 3 study
3 study 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 7 combination
4 showed 12 expressing
4 showed 25 as
6 a 7 combination
7 combination 8 of
8 of 10 plasmid
9 a 10 plasmid
11 - 12 expressing
12 expressing 18 and
12 expressing 24 )
13 flt3 16 pfl
13 flt3 18 and
15 ( 16 pfl
16 pfl 17 )
18 and 20 oligodeoxynucleotides
18 and 23 odn
19 cpg 20 oligodeoxynucleotides
21 ( 23 odn
22 cpg 23 odn
23 odn 24 )
25 as 33 responses
27 combined 33 responses
28 nasal 33 responses
29 adjuvant 33 responses
30 elicited 33 responses
31 mucosal 33 responses
32 immune 33 responses
33 responses 34 in
34 in 43 mice
35 aged 38 -
35 aged 43 mice
36 ( 38 -
37 2 38 -
38 - 39 y
38 - 40 -
41 old 42 )
41 old 43 mice

in this study , we investigated whether a combination of pfl and cpg odn as a nasal adjuvant for a pneumococcal surface protein a ( pspa ) would enhance pspa - specific secretory - iga ab responses , which could provide protective mucosal immunity against streptococcus pneumoniae infection in aged mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 7 whether
7 whether 12 and
7 whether 29 enhance
8 a 9 combination
9 combination 10 of
9 combination 12 and
10 of 11 pfl
12 and 14 odn
12 and 15 as
12 and 26 pspa
12 and 28 would
13 cpg 14 odn
15 as 17 nasal
16 a 17 nasal
17 nasal 18 adjuvant
18 adjuvant 19 for
19 for 23 protein
20 a 21 pneumococcal
20 a 23 protein
21 pneumococcal 22 surface
22 surface 23 protein
23 protein 24 a
25 ( 26 pspa
26 pspa 27 )
28 would 29 enhance
29 enhance 30 pspa
30 pspa 37 responses
31 - 37 responses
32 specific 37 responses
33 secretory 34 -
33 secretory 37 responses
35 iga 36 ab
36 ab 37 responses
37 responses 39 which
37 responses 52 .
38 , 39 which
39 which 40 could
39 which 52 .
40 could 41 provide
41 provide 44 immunity
42 protective 44 immunity
43 mucosal 44 immunity
44 immunity 45 against
44 immunity 49 in
45 against 48 infection
46 streptococcus 47 pneumoniae
47 pneumoniae 48 infection
49 in 51 mice
50 aged 51 mice

nasal immunization with pspa plus a combination of pfl and cpg odn elicited elevated levels of pspa - specific secretory - iga ab responses in external secretions and plasma in both young adult [and] aged mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 nasal 2 immunization
2 immunization 3 with
2 immunization 10 and
3 with 4 pspa
4 pspa 5 plus
4 pspa 8 of
5 plus 7 combination
6 a 7 combination
8 of 9 pfl
10 and 12 odn
10 and 13 elicited
10 and 14 elevated
11 cpg 12 odn
14 elevated 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 17 pspa
18 - 24 responses
19 specific 24 responses
20 secretory 21 -
20 secretory 24 responses
22 iga 23 ab
23 ab 24 responses
24 responses 25 in
25 in 28 and
26 external 27 secretions
27 secretions 28 and
28 and 29 plasma
28 and 30 in
30 in 36 mice
31 both 36 mice
32 young 33 adult
33 adult 35 aged
35 aged 36 mice

additionally , increased numbers of mature - type cd8 , cd11b - expressing dendritic cells were detected in mucosal inductive [and] effector lymphoid tissues of aged mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 numbers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 numbers
3 increased 4 numbers
4 numbers 5 of
4 numbers 13 expressing
4 numbers 16 were
5 of 9 cd8
6 mature 7 -
6 mature 8 type
8 type 9 cd8
9 cd8 11 cd11b
10 , 11 cd11b
11 cd11b 12 -
13 expressing 15 cells
14 dendritic 15 cells
16 were 17 detected
17 detected 18 in
18 in 24 tissues
19 mucosal 22 effector
20 inductive 22 effector
22 effector 24 tissues
23 lymphoid 24 tissues
24 tissues 25 of
25 of 27 mice
26 aged 27 mice

importantly , aged mice given pspa plus a combination of pfl and cpg odn showed protective immunity against nasal s . pneumoniae colonization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 mice
3 aged 4 mice
4 mice 5 given
4 mice 7 plus
4 mice 15 showed
5 given 6 pspa
7 plus 9 combination
8 a 9 combination
9 combination 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 pfl 12 and
12 and 14 odn
13 cpg 14 odn
15 showed 17 immunity
15 showed 18 against
16 protective 17 immunity
18 against 19 nasal
19 nasal 20 s
21 . 23 colonization
21 . 24 .
22 pneumoniae 23 colonization

these results demonstrate that nasal delivery of a combined dna [adjuvant] offers an attractive possibility for protection against s [.] pneumoniae in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 delivery
4 that 12 offers
5 nasal 6 delivery
6 delivery 7 of
6 delivery 12 offers
7 of 10 dna
8 a 10 dna
9 combined 10 dna
12 offers 15 possibility
12 offers 21 pneumoniae
13 an 14 attractive
13 an 15 possibility
14 attractive 15 possibility
15 possibility 16 for
15 possibility 18 against
16 for 17 protection
18 against 19 s
21 pneumoniae 22 in
22 in 24 elderly
23 the 24 elderly

background : we assessed the tolerability and efficacy of autologous skin cell grafts in older type 2 diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 assessed
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 7 and
4 assessed 14 in
4 assessed 20 with
5 the 6 tolerability
6 tolerability 7 and
7 and 8 efficacy
7 and 9 of
9 of 13 grafts
10 autologous 11 skin
11 skin 13 grafts
12 cell 13 grafts
14 in 19 patients
15 older 16 type
16 type 19 patients
17 2 18 diabetic
18 diabetic 19 patients
20 with 23 ulcers
21 chronic 22 foot
22 foot 23 ulcers

methods : treatment with hyalograft 3 d and laserskin autograft was proposed to a consecutive series of type 2 diabetic patients older than 65 years affected by long - standing ( >6 months ) foot ulcers with an area greater than 15 cm ( 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 treatment
2 : 4 with
4 with 5 hyalograft
4 with 7 d
6 3 7 d
8 and 10 autograft
8 and 12 proposed
9 laserskin 10 autograft
10 autograft 11 was
11 was 12 proposed
12 proposed 13 to
13 to 16 series
14 a 16 series
15 consecutive 16 series
16 series 17 of
17 of 18 type
18 type 19 2
18 type 21 patients
18 type 26 affected
20 diabetic 21 patients
21 patients 22 older
21 patients 26 affected
22 older 23 than
23 than 25 years
24 65 25 years
26 affected 27 by
26 affected 37 with
27 by 36 ulcers
28 long 30 standing
28 long 35 foot
29 - 30 standing
30 standing 33 months
30 standing 34 )
31 ( 33 months
32 >6 33 months
33 months 34 )
35 foot 36 ulcers
37 with 39 area
38 an 39 area
39 area 40 greater
39 area 45 2
40 greater 41 than
41 than 43 cm
42 15 43 cm
44 ( 45 2
45 2 46 )

ulcer healing rates and measurements of ulcer area were determined monthly for 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 ulcer 2 healing
1 ulcer 4 and
2 healing 3 rates
4 and 5 measurements
4 and 9 were
5 measurements 6 of
6 of 8 area
7 ulcer 8 area
9 were 10 determined
10 determined 11 monthly
10 determined 12 for
12 for 14 months
13 12 14 months

results : seven patients with 12 ulcers , nine of which received the described treatment , were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 18 enrolled
2 : 19 .
3 seven 4 patients
4 patients 5 with
4 patients 9 nine
4 patients 17 were
5 with 7 ulcers
6 12 7 ulcers
8 , 9 nine
9 nine 10 of
9 nine 16 ,
10 of 11 which
10 of 12 received
11 which 12 received
12 received 15 treatment
13 the 15 treatment
14 described 15 treatment
17 were 18 enrolled

during 12 [-] month follow - up , all of the ulcers healed except one . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 during 4 month
1 during 5 follow
2 12 4 month
5 follow 7 up
6 - 7 up
7 up 8 ,
8 , 9 all
8 , 13 healed
9 all 10 of
9 all 13 healed
10 of 12 ulcers
11 the 12 ulcers
13 healed 14 except
14 except 15 one

in the remaining eight ulcers , the median healing time was 21 weeks ( interquartile range , 4 - 29 weeks ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 median
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 5 ulcers
1 in 6 ,
1 in 8 median
2 the 3 remaining
2 the 4 eight
4 eight 5 ulcers
7 the 8 median
8 median 9 healing
8 median 11 was
9 healing 10 time
11 was 13 weeks
12 21 13 weeks
13 weeks 16 range
13 weeks 21 weeks
14 ( 16 range
15 interquartile 16 range
16 range 18 4
16 range 19 -
17 , 18 4
18 4 19 -
19 - 21 weeks
20 29 21 weeks
21 weeks 22 )

conclusions : autologous skin cell grafts are feasible , well tolerated , and apparently effective in the treatment of diabetic ulcers of the lower limbs in advanced age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 6 grafts
2 : 7 are
3 autologous 4 skin
4 skin 6 grafts
5 cell 6 grafts
6 grafts 7 are
7 are 13 and
8 feasible 11 tolerated
8 feasible 13 and
9 , 11 tolerated
10 well 11 tolerated
11 tolerated 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 apparently
13 and 15 effective
14 apparently 15 effective
15 effective 16 in
15 effective 26 in
16 in 18 treatment
17 the 18 treatment
18 treatment 19 of
19 of 21 ulcers
20 diabetic 21 ulcers
21 ulcers 22 of
22 of 25 limbs
23 the 25 limbs
24 lower 25 limbs
26 in 28 age
27 advanced 28 age

age did not seem to moderate healing times . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 age 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 seem
4 seem 5 to
4 seem 6 moderate
5 to 6 moderate
6 moderate 8 times
7 healing 8 times

objectives : to develop a photographic sun damage assessment scale for forearm skin and test its feasibility and utility for consistent classification of sun damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 14 and
3 to 14 and
4 develop 10 scale
4 develop 14 and
5 a 6 photographic
5 a 10 scale
6 photographic 7 sun
7 sun 10 scale
8 damage 10 scale
9 assessment 10 scale
10 scale 11 for
11 for 13 skin
12 forearm 13 skin
14 and 15 test
14 and 20 for
14 and 25 damage
15 test 18 and
16 its 18 and
17 feasibility 18 and
18 and 19 utility
20 for 22 classification
21 consistent 22 classification
22 classification 23 of
23 of 24 sun

design : for a blinded comparison , 96 standardized 8 × 10 digital photographs of participants ' forearms were taken . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 for
2 : 19 were
2 : 21 .
3 for 6 comparison
3 for 19 were
4 a 6 comparison
5 blinded 6 comparison
6 comparison 9 standardized
7 , 9 standardized
8 96 9 standardized
10 8 14 photographs
11 × 14 photographs
12 10 14 photographs
13 digital 14 photographs
14 photographs 15 of
14 photographs 19 were
15 of 18 forearms
16 participants 17 '
17 ' 18 forearms
19 were 20 taken

photographs were graded by an expert dermatologist using an existing 9 [-] category dermatologic assessment scoring scale until all categories contained photographs representative of each of 4 clinical signs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 photographs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 graded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 photographs 2 were
2 were 3 graded
3 graded 4 by
3 graded 8 using
3 graded 18 until
4 by 7 dermatologist
5 an 7 dermatologist
6 expert 7 dermatologist
8 using 17 scale
9 an 17 scale
10 existing 17 scale
11 9 13 category
13 category 16 scoring
14 dermatologic 15 assessment
15 assessment 16 scoring
16 scoring 17 scale
18 until 20 categories
18 until 21 contained
19 all 20 categories
20 categories 21 contained
21 contained 23 representative
22 photographs 23 representative
23 representative 24 of
24 of 25 each
25 each 26 of
26 of 29 signs
27 4 29 signs
28 clinical 29 signs

triplicate photographs were provided in identical image sets to 5 community dermatologists for blinded rating using the dermatologic assessment scoring scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 photographs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 triplicate 2 photographs
2 photographs 3 were
3 were 4 provided
4 provided 5 in
4 provided 9 to
4 provided 16 using
5 in 8 sets
6 identical 7 image
7 image 8 sets
9 to 12 dermatologists
10 5 12 dermatologists
11 community 12 dermatologists
12 dermatologists 13 for
13 for 15 rating
14 blinded 15 rating
16 using 21 scale
17 the 21 scale
18 dermatologic 19 assessment
19 assessment 20 scoring
20 scoring 21 scale

setting : academic skin cancer prevention [clinic] with high - level experience in assessment of sun - damaged skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 6 prevention
3 academic 4 skin
4 skin 6 prevention
5 cancer 6 prevention
6 prevention 8 with
8 with 19 skin
9 high 12 experience
9 high 19 skin
10 - 12 experience
11 level 12 experience
12 experience 13 in
12 experience 15 of
12 experience 17 -
13 in 14 assessment
15 of 16 sun
18 damaged 19 skin

participants : volunteer sample including participants from screenings , chemoprevention , and/or biomarker studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 3 volunteer
3 volunteer 6 participants
3 volunteer 12 and/or
4 sample 6 participants
5 including 6 participants
6 participants 7 from
7 from 8 screenings
8 screenings 10 chemoprevention
9 , 10 chemoprevention
10 chemoprevention 11 ,
11 , 12 and/or
12 and/or 13 biomarker
13 biomarker 14 studies

main outcome measures : reproducibility and agreement of grading among dermatologists by spearman correlation coefficient to assess the correlation of scores given for the same photograph , κ statistics for ordinal data , and variability of scoring among dermatologists , using analysis of variance models with evaluating physician and photographs as main effects and interaction effect variables to account for the difference in scoring among dermatologists [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 3 measures
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 6 and
4 : 10 among
5 reproducibility 6 and
6 and 7 agreement
6 and 8 of
8 of 9 grading
10 among 11 dermatologists
11 dermatologists 12 by
11 dermatologists 20 of
12 by 15 coefficient
13 spearman 14 correlation
14 correlation 15 coefficient
15 coefficient 16 to
15 coefficient 17 assess
16 to 17 assess
17 assess 19 correlation
18 the 19 correlation
20 of 21 scores
21 scores 22 given
21 scores 23 for
23 for 34 and
24 the 25 same
24 the 26 photograph
26 photograph 27 ,
27 , 29 statistics
27 , 34 and
28 κ 29 statistics
29 statistics 30 for
30 for 32 data
31 ordinal 32 data
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 variability
34 and 40 ,
34 and 41 using
34 and 46 with
35 variability 36 of
36 of 37 scoring
37 scoring 38 among
38 among 39 dermatologists
41 using 42 analysis
42 analysis 43 of
43 of 45 models
44 variance 45 models
46 with 47 evaluating
47 evaluating 54 and
47 evaluating 56 effect
48 physician 49 and
49 and 50 photographs
49 and 51 as
49 and 54 and
51 as 53 effects
52 main 53 effects
54 and 55 interaction
54 and 56 effect
56 effect 57 variables
57 variables 58 to
57 variables 64 scoring
58 to 59 account
59 account 60 for
60 for 62 difference
61 the 62 difference
62 difference 63 in
63 in 64 scoring
64 scoring 65 among
65 among 66 dermatologists

results : correlations ( 73 % to >90 % ) [between] [dermatologists] were [all] statistically significant ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 correlations
2 : 13 were
3 correlations 6 %
3 correlations 13 were
4 ( 6 %
5 73 6 %
6 % 7 to
6 % 10 )
7 to 9 %
8 >90 9 %
13 were 16 significant
15 statistically 16 significant
16 significant 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 21 001
19 < 22 )

scores showed good [to] substantial agreement but were significantly different ( p < [.] 001 ) for each of 4 clinical signs and the difference varied significantly ( p < [.] 001 ) among photographs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 scores 7 but
2 showed 6 agreement
2 showed 7 but
3 good 6 agreement
5 substantial 6 agreement
7 but 8 were
8 were 9 significantly
8 were 10 different
10 different 13 <
10 different 17 for
11 ( 13 <
12 p 13 <
13 < 15 001
13 < 16 )
17 for 23 and
18 each 19 of
18 each 23 and
19 of 22 signs
20 4 22 signs
21 clinical 22 signs
23 and 25 difference
23 and 26 varied
24 the 25 difference
26 varied 27 significantly
26 varied 30 <
26 varied 34 among
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 32 001
30 < 33 )
34 among 35 photographs

conclusions : with good [to] substantial agreement , we found the development of a photographic forearm sun damage assessment scale highly feasible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 with
3 with 7 agreement
4 good 7 agreement
6 substantial 7 agreement
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 found
9 we 10 found
10 found 12 development
10 found 21 highly
10 found 22 feasible
11 the 12 development
12 development 13 of
13 of 20 scale
14 a 15 photographic
14 a 20 scale
15 photographic 16 forearm
16 forearm 19 assessment
17 sun 19 assessment
18 damage 19 assessment
19 assessment 20 scale

in view of significantly different rating scores , a photographic reference for assessment of sun damage is also necessary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 reference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 view
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 reference
2 view 3 of
3 of 7 scores
4 significantly 5 different
5 different 6 rating
6 rating 7 scores
9 a 10 photographic
9 a 11 reference
10 photographic 11 reference
11 reference 12 for
11 reference 17 is
12 for 13 assessment
13 assessment 14 of
14 of 16 damage
15 sun 16 damage
17 is 18 also
17 is 19 necessary

adequate provision of vitamin d has been found , in ecological , cross - sectional , and observational studies , to be associated with reduction in the risk of many types of cancer [,] cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) , autoimmune diseases , diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 , [neurological] disorders [,] several bacterial and viral infections , and adverse pregnancy outcomes in addition to the classical bone disorders of rickets and osteomalacia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 adequate 2 provision
2 provision 3 of
2 provision 6 has
3 of 4 vitamin
4 vitamin 5 d
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 found
9 , 17 and
10 in 13 cross
10 in 14 -
10 in 17 and
11 ecological 12 ,
11 ecological 13 cross
15 sectional 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 studies
17 and 20 ,
17 and 21 to
17 and 22 be
17 and 23 associated
18 observational 19 studies
21 to 22 be
23 associated 24 with
23 associated 26 in
23 associated 31 types
24 with 25 reduction
26 in 28 risk
27 the 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 30 many
31 types 32 of
32 of 44 diabetes
33 cancer 44 diabetes
35 cardiovascular 43 ,
35 cardiovascular 44 diabetes
36 diseases 38 cvds
36 diseases 42 diseases
37 ( 38 cvds
38 cvds 39 )
40 , 42 diseases
41 autoimmune 42 diseases
42 diseases 43 ,
44 diabetes 45 mellitus
44 diabetes 52 disorders
45 mellitus 50 ,
46 types 48 and
46 types 50 ,
47 1 48 and
48 and 49 2
50 , 52 disorders
52 disorders 60 and
52 disorders 64 in
54 several 60 and
55 bacterial 56 and
56 and 57 viral
56 and 58 infections
58 infections 60 and
59 , 60 and
60 and 63 outcomes
61 adverse 63 outcomes
62 pregnancy 63 outcomes
64 in 73 and
65 addition 66 to
65 addition 73 and
66 to 70 disorders
67 the 70 disorders
68 classical 70 disorders
69 bone 70 disorders
70 disorders 71 of
71 of 72 rickets
73 and 74 osteomalacia
73 and 75 .

furthermore , investigators have found adequate repletion and increased intakes of vitamin d to be associated with reduced all - cause mortality rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reduced
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 investigators
3 investigators 8 and
3 investigators 18 reduced
4 have 5 found
4 have 8 and
5 found 7 repletion
6 adequate 7 repletion
8 and 9 increased
8 and 10 intakes
10 intakes 11 of
11 of 12 vitamin
12 vitamin 13 d
12 vitamin 14 to
12 vitamin 17 with
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
18 reduced 19 all
18 reduced 21 cause
20 - 21 cause
21 cause 22 mortality
21 cause 23 rates
21 cause 24 .
22 mortality 23 rates

these findings have been supported by the limited number of properly conducted randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) that used more than 400 iu/day of vitamin d ..y this review presents an overview of the role of vitamin d for the promotion of health for the more important vitamin d - related diseases and conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 supported
5 supported 6 by
5 supported 21 more
5 supported 22 than
6 by 9 number
7 the 9 number
8 limited 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 20 used
10 of 15 trials
11 properly 12 conducted
12 conducted 15 trials
13 randomized 15 trials
14 controlled 15 trials
15 trials 17 rcts
16 ( 17 rcts
17 rcts 18 )
19 that 20 used
22 than 24 iu/day
22 than 25 of
23 400 24 iu/day
25 of 26 vitamin
26 vitamin 27 d
27 d 28 ..y
28 ..y 30 review
29 this 30 review
30 review 31 presents
31 presents 33 overview
32 an 33 overview
33 overview 34 of
33 overview 40 for
34 of 36 role
35 the 36 role
36 role 37 of
37 of 38 vitamin
38 vitamin 39 d
40 for 42 promotion
41 the 42 promotion
42 promotion 43 of
43 of 44 health
44 health 45 for
45 for 49 vitamin
46 the 49 vitamin
47 more 48 important
48 important 49 vitamin
49 vitamin 50 d
51 - 52 related
52 related 54 and
53 diseases 54 and
54 and 55 conditions

serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin d concentrations of 30 - 60 ng/ml , corresponding to oral intake or skin production of 1,000 - 4,000 iu/day of vitamin d , appear necessary in adults for avoidance of hypovitaminosis d - related ill health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 25
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 serum 2 25
2 25 6 concentrations
2 25 13 corresponding
2 25 29 appear
3 - 6 concentrations
4 hydroxyvitamin 5 d
4 hydroxyvitamin 6 concentrations
6 concentrations 7 of
6 concentrations 12 ,
7 of 8 30
8 30 11 ng/ml
9 - 11 ng/ml
10 60 11 ng/ml
11 ng/ml 12 ,
12 , 13 corresponding
13 corresponding 14 to
13 corresponding 28 ,
14 to 17 or
15 oral 16 intake
16 intake 17 or
17 or 19 production
17 or 20 of
18 skin 19 production
20 of 24 iu/day
21 1,000 22 -
22 - 23 4,000
22 - 24 iu/day
24 iu/day 25 of
25 of 26 vitamin
26 vitamin 27 d
29 appear 30 necessary
30 necessary 31 in
30 necessary 33 for
31 in 32 adults
33 for 34 avoidance
34 avoidance 35 of
35 of 36 hypovitaminosis
36 hypovitaminosis 37 d
38 - 39 related
39 related 41 health
40 ill 41 health

people of all ages are encouraged to obtain more vitamin d from judicious exposure to sunshine ( for ultraviolet [b] [ uvb ] irradiation ) or from regular vitamin d supplements because dietary sources do not provide sufficient vitamin d to prevent any health risks other than those of rickets and osteomalacia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 encouraged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 people 2 of
1 people 5 are
2 of 4 ages
3 all 4 ages
5 are 6 encouraged
6 encouraged 7 to
6 encouraged 8 obtain
7 to 8 obtain
8 obtain 9 more
8 obtain 10 vitamin
10 vitamin 11 d
10 vitamin 12 from
10 vitamin 15 to
12 from 14 exposure
13 judicious 14 exposure
15 to 16 sunshine
16 sunshine 18 for
17 ( 18 for
18 for 24 irradiation
18 for 25 )
19 ultraviolet 22 uvb
19 ultraviolet 24 irradiation
21 [ 22 uvb
22 uvb 23 ]
26 or 32 because
26 or 37 provide
27 from 31 supplements
27 from 32 because
28 regular 31 supplements
29 vitamin 30 d
29 vitamin 31 supplements
32 because 34 sources
33 dietary 34 sources
34 sources 35 do
35 do 36 not
35 do 37 provide
37 provide 39 vitamin
37 provide 41 to
37 provide 47 than
38 sufficient 39 vitamin
39 vitamin 40 d
41 to 42 prevent
42 prevent 45 risks
43 any 45 risks
44 health 45 risks
46 other 47 than
47 than 51 and
48 those 49 of
48 those 51 and
49 of 50 rickets
51 and 52 osteomalacia

background : antioxidants might protect [against] oxidative stress , which has been suggested as a cause of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 antioxidants
2 : 5 protect
2 : 9 ,
2 : 19 .
3 antioxidants 4 might
4 might 5 protect
5 protect 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
9 , 10 which
9 , 13 suggested
10 which 11 has
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 suggested
13 suggested 14 as
14 as 16 cause
15 a 16 cause
16 cause 17 of
17 of 18 aging

methods : the alpha - tocopherol - beta - carotene ( atbc ) study recruited males aged 50 - 69 years who smoked at least five cigarettes per day at the baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 alpha
3 the 4 alpha
4 alpha 6 tocopherol
4 alpha 8 beta
5 - 6 tocopherol
6 tocopherol 7 -
7 - 8 beta
8 beta 16 males
8 beta 33 .
9 - 16 males
10 carotene 12 atbc
11 ( 12 atbc
12 atbc 13 )
12 atbc 14 study
14 study 15 recruited
15 recruited 16 males
16 males 17 aged
16 males 21 years
16 males 33 .
17 aged 18 50
19 - 21 years
20 69 21 years
21 years 22 who
21 years 23 smoked
21 years 33 .
22 who 23 smoked
23 smoked 27 cigarettes
23 smoked 30 at
24 at 25 least
25 least 26 five
26 five 27 cigarettes
27 cigarettes 28 per
28 per 29 day
30 at 32 baseline
31 the 32 baseline

the current study was restricted to participants who were followed up past the age of 65 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 restricted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 restricted
5 restricted 6 to
5 restricted 12 past
6 to 7 participants
7 participants 8 who
7 participants 9 were
8 who 9 were
9 were 10 followed
10 followed 11 up
12 past 14 age
13 the 14 age
14 age 15 of
15 of 16 65

deaths were identified in the national death registry ( 1,445 deaths ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deaths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 deaths 2 were
2 were 3 identified
3 identified 4 in
4 in 8 registry
5 the 8 registry
6 national 7 death
7 death 8 registry
8 registry 11 deaths
9 ( 11 deaths
10 1,445 11 deaths
11 deaths 12 )

we constructed kaplan - meier survival curves for all participants , and for four subgroups defined by dietary vitamin c intake and level of smoking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 constructed
2 constructed 3 kaplan
4 - 22 and
5 meier 7 curves
6 survival 7 curves
7 curves 12 and
7 curves 22 and
8 for 10 participants
8 for 12 and
9 all 10 participants
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 for
13 for 15 subgroups
14 four 15 subgroups
15 subgroups 16 defined
16 defined 17 by
17 by 21 intake
18 dietary 19 vitamin
19 vitamin 20 c
19 vitamin 21 intake
22 and 23 level
22 and 24 of
24 of 25 smoking

we also constructed cox regression models allowing a different vitamin e effect for low and high age ranges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 constructed
2 also 3 constructed
3 constructed 6 models
3 constructed 13 for
4 cox 5 regression
5 regression 6 models
6 models 7 allowing
7 allowing 12 effect
8 a 12 effect
9 different 10 vitamin
10 vitamin 11 e
10 vitamin 12 effect
13 for 18 ranges
14 low 15 and
15 and 16 high
15 and 18 ranges
17 age 18 ranges

results : among all 10,837 participants , vitamin e had no effect on those who were 65 - 70 years old , [but] reduced mortality by 24 % when participants were 71 or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 vitamin
2 : 10 had
3 among 6 participants
3 among 7 ,
3 among 8 vitamin
4 all 5 10,837
5 10,837 6 participants
8 vitamin 9 e
8 vitamin 10 had
10 had 12 effect
10 had 13 on
10 had 24 reduced
11 no 12 effect
13 on 14 those
14 those 15 who
14 those 16 were
14 those 21 old
15 who 16 were
16 were 17 65
18 - 21 old
19 70 20 years
20 years 21 old
21 old 22 ,
22 , 24 reduced
24 reduced 33 or
24 reduced 35 .
25 mortality 26 by
25 mortality 33 or
26 by 28 %
27 24 28 %
28 % 29 when
29 when 30 participants
29 when 31 were
30 participants 31 were
31 were 32 71
33 or 34 older

among 2,284 men with dietary vitamin c intakes above the median who smoked less than a pack of cigarettes per day , vitamin e extended lifespan by 2 years at the upper limit of the [follow] [-] up age span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 extended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 among 3 men
1 among 22 ,
1 among 23 vitamin
2 2,284 3 men
3 men 4 with
3 men 18 of
4 with 8 intakes
5 dietary 6 vitamin
6 vitamin 7 c
6 vitamin 8 intakes
8 intakes 9 above
9 above 11 median
10 the 11 median
11 median 12 who
11 median 13 smoked
12 who 13 smoked
13 smoked 14 less
13 smoked 15 than
15 than 17 pack
16 a 17 pack
18 of 19 cigarettes
19 cigarettes 20 per
20 per 21 day
23 vitamin 24 e
23 vitamin 25 extended
25 extended 26 lifespan
25 extended 27 by
25 extended 30 at
27 by 29 years
28 2 29 years
30 at 33 limit
31 the 33 limit
32 upper 33 limit
33 limit 34 of
34 of 40 span
35 the 40 span
38 up 40 span
39 age 40 span

in this subgroup , the survival curves of vitamin e and no [-] vitamin e participants diverged at 71 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 curves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 diverged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 subgroup
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 curves
2 this 3 subgroup
5 the 7 curves
6 survival 7 curves
7 curves 8 of
7 curves 17 diverged
8 of 11 and
9 vitamin 10 e
9 vitamin 11 and
11 and 16 participants
12 no 16 participants
14 vitamin 15 e
14 vitamin 16 participants
17 diverged 18 at
18 at 20 years
19 71 20 years

in the other three subgroups covering 80 % of the participants , vitamin e did not affect mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 vitamin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 5 subgroups
1 in 12 ,
1 in 13 vitamin
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 three
4 three 5 subgroups
5 subgroups 6 covering
6 covering 8 %
7 80 8 %
8 % 9 of
9 of 11 participants
10 the 11 participants
13 vitamin 14 e
13 vitamin 15 did
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 affect
17 affect 18 mortality

conclusions : this is the first study to strongly indicate that protection against oxidative stress can increase the life expectancy of some initially healthy population groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
2 : 27 .
3 this 4 is
4 is 7 study
4 is 8 to
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 study
8 to 10 indicate
9 strongly 10 indicate
10 indicate 11 that
11 that 12 protection
11 that 17 increase
12 protection 13 against
12 protection 16 can
13 against 15 stress
14 oxidative 15 stress
16 can 17 increase
17 increase 19 life
18 the 19 life
19 life 20 expectancy
19 life 26 groups
20 expectancy 21 of
20 expectancy 26 groups
21 of 25 population
22 some 25 population
23 initially 24 healthy
24 healthy 25 population

nevertheless , the lack of effect in 80 % of this male cohort shows that vitamin e is no panacea for extending life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 lack
3 the 4 lack
4 lack 5 of
4 lack 14 shows
5 of 6 effect
6 effect 7 in
6 effect 10 of
7 in 9 %
8 80 9 %
10 of 13 cohort
11 this 13 cohort
12 male 13 cohort
14 shows 15 that
15 that 16 vitamin
15 that 18 is
16 vitamin 17 e
16 vitamin 18 is
18 is 20 panacea
19 no 20 panacea
20 panacea 21 for
21 for 22 extending
22 extending 24 expectancy
23 life 24 expectancy

objective : metabolic [syndrome] ( mets ) and its components accelerate age - associated increases in arterial stiffness and thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 11 accelerate
2 : 13 -
3 metabolic 6 mets
3 metabolic 8 and
5 ( 6 mets
6 mets 7 )
8 and 10 components
8 and 11 accelerate
9 its 10 components
11 accelerate 12 age
13 - 19 and
13 - 21 .
14 associated 15 increases
15 increases 16 in
15 increases 19 and
16 in 18 stiffness
17 arterial 18 stiffness
19 and 20 thickness

we investigated whether specific proinflammatory cytokines contribute to arterial aging , independent of age , sex , mets , and other traditional cv risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 6 cytokines
3 whether 7 contribute
4 specific 6 cytokines
5 proinflammatory 6 cytokines
6 cytokines 7 contribute
7 contribute 8 to
8 to 10 aging
9 arterial 10 aging
11 , 20 and
11 , 24 risk
12 independent 13 of
12 independent 15 ,
13 of 14 age
15 , 16 sex
15 , 17 ,
17 , 18 mets
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 23 cv
20 and 24 risk
21 other 23 cv
22 traditional 23 cv
24 risk 25 factors

research design and methods : mets components ( atp iii criteria ) and arterial properties were assessed in 6148 subjects , aged 14 - 102 in sardinia , italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 methods
4 methods 5 :
5 : 7 components
6 mets 7 components
7 components 11 criteria
8 ( 11 criteria
9 atp 10 iii
9 atp 11 criteria
11 criteria 12 )
13 and 15 properties
13 and 17 assessed
14 arterial 15 properties
15 properties 16 were
16 were 17 assessed
17 assessed 18 in
18 in 20 subjects
19 6148 20 subjects
20 subjects 22 aged
20 subjects 29 italy
21 , 22 aged
22 aged 24 -
22 aged 26 in
22 aged 28 ,
23 14 24 -
24 - 25 102
26 in 27 sardinia
28 , 29 italy
29 italy 30 .

common carotid [artery] ( cca ) diameter , intima - media thickness ( imt [ )(, and aortic pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) , adiponectin , leptin , high - sensitivity c reactive protein ( hscrp ) , monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ( mcp1 ) , and interleukin 6 ( il6 ) were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 diameter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 common 7 diameter
2 carotid 5 cca
2 carotid 7 diameter
4 ( 5 cca
5 cca 6 )
8 , 9 intima
8 , 10 -
10 - 12 thickness
10 - 48 and
11 media 12 thickness
12 thickness 17 and
13 ( 17 and
14 imt 17 and
16 )(, 17 and
17 and 21 velocity
17 and 23 pwv
17 and 26 adiponectin
17 and 28 leptin
17 and 47 ,
18 aortic 19 pulse
19 pulse 20 wave
20 wave 21 velocity
22 ( 23 pwv
23 pwv 24 )
25 , 26 adiponectin
26 adiponectin 27 ,
27 , 28 leptin
28 leptin 42 protein
28 leptin 46 )
29 , 42 protein
30 high 35 protein
30 high 40 monocyte
31 - 35 protein
32 sensitivity 33 c
32 sensitivity 35 protein
34 reactive 35 protein
35 protein 37 hscrp
35 protein 39 ,
36 ( 37 hscrp
37 hscrp 38 )
40 monocyte 41 chemoattractant
41 chemoattractant 42 protein
42 protein 43 1
42 protein 45 mcp1
42 protein 46 )
44 ( 45 mcp1
45 mcp1 46 )
47 , 48 and
48 and 49 interleukin
48 and 55 measured
49 interleukin 50 6
49 interleukin 52 il6
49 interleukin 54 were
51 ( 52 il6
52 il6 53 )
54 were 55 measured

results : while cytokine levels - except for mcp1 - were significantly higher ( [lower] for adiponectin ) in mets than in control subjects , and the increased pwv and cca imt with aging were associated with mets [,] this association was independent of cytokine levels ( p<0.001 for both pwv and cca imt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 while
2 : 13 higher
3 while 5 levels
3 while 11 were
4 cytokine 5 levels
5 levels 7 except
5 levels 11 were
6 - 7 except
7 except 8 for
7 except 10 -
8 for 9 mcp1
12 significantly 13 higher
13 higher 16 for
13 higher 19 in
13 higher 21 than
13 higher 22 in
14 ( 16 for
16 for 17 adiponectin
16 for 18 )
19 in 20 mets
22 in 30 and
23 control 24 subjects
24 subjects 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 pwv
26 and 30 and
27 the 29 pwv
28 increased 29 pwv
30 and 31 cca
30 and 32 imt
30 and 35 were
30 and 36 associated
32 imt 33 with
32 imt 35 were
33 with 34 aging
36 associated 37 with
37 with 38 mets
37 with 43 independent
38 mets 41 association
38 mets 42 was
40 this 41 association
41 association 42 was
43 independent 44 of
43 independent 52 and
44 of 46 levels
45 cytokine 46 levels
47 ( 52 and
48 p<0.001 49 for
48 p<0.001 52 and
49 for 51 pwv
50 both 51 pwv
52 and 54 imt
52 and 55 )
52 and 56 .
53 cca 54 imt

specific cytokines , however , were significantly associated with arterial stiffness ( higher leptin , p<0.001 , and higher hscrp , p<0.001 ) or thickness ( lower adiponectin , p<0.05 , and higher il6 , p<0.001 ) - independent of age , sex , mets and other traditional cv risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cytokines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 specific 2 cytokines
2 cytokines 6 were
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 were
6 were 8 associated
7 significantly 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 stiffness
9 with 46 and
10 arterial 11 stiffness
11 stiffness 24 or
12 ( 24 or
13 higher 14 leptin
14 leptin 15 ,
15 , 16 p<0.001
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 hscrp
18 and 22 p<0.001
18 and 24 or
19 higher 20 hscrp
21 , 22 p<0.001
22 p<0.001 23 )
24 or 25 thickness
24 or 32 and
24 or 38 -
26 ( 32 and
27 lower 28 adiponectin
28 adiponectin 29 ,
29 , 30 p<0.05
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 il6
32 and 35 ,
32 and 36 p<0.001
32 and 38 -
33 higher 34 il6
35 , 36 p<0.001
36 p<0.001 37 )
39 independent 40 of
39 independent 42 ,
40 of 41 age
42 , 43 sex
42 , 44 ,
44 , 45 mets
44 , 46 and
46 and 51 factors
47 other 51 factors
48 traditional 51 factors
49 cv 51 factors
50 risk 51 factors

the co - occurrence of both mets and higher cytokines levels was associated with greater increases in arterial stiffness and thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 occurrence
2 co 3 -
2 co 4 occurrence
4 occurrence 5 of
4 occurrence 12 was
5 of 8 and
6 both 8 and
7 mets 8 and
8 and 11 levels
9 higher 10 cytokines
10 cytokines 11 levels
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 17 in
14 with 16 increases
15 greater 16 increases
17 in 20 and
18 arterial 19 stiffness
19 stiffness 20 and
20 and 21 thickness

conclusion : while mets and specific cytokine patterns associated with arterial aging , the increases in arterial stiffness and thickness are greater when both mets and higher cytokine levels are present , suggesting a possible synergistic effect of mets and inflammation on the arterial wall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 while
3 while 5 and
3 while 9 associated
4 mets 5 and
5 and 8 patterns
5 and 9 associated
6 specific 7 cytokine
7 cytokine 8 patterns
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 aging
11 arterial 12 aging
13 , 15 increases
13 , 21 are
14 the 15 increases
15 increases 16 in
15 increases 21 are
16 in 19 and
17 arterial 18 stiffness
18 stiffness 19 and
19 and 20 thickness
21 are 22 greater
22 greater 23 when
22 greater 33 suggesting
23 when 26 and
23 when 30 are
24 both 26 and
25 mets 26 and
26 and 29 levels
26 and 30 are
27 higher 28 cytokine
28 cytokine 29 levels
30 are 31 present
32 , 33 suggesting
33 suggesting 40 and
33 suggesting 42 on
33 suggesting 46 .
34 a 35 possible
34 a 37 effect
35 possible 37 effect
36 synergistic 37 effect
37 effect 38 of
37 effect 40 and
38 of 39 mets
40 and 41 inflammation
42 on 45 wall
43 the 45 wall
44 arterial 45 wall

as alterations of the redox homeostasis lie at the root of many pathophysiological processes in human health , redox [proteomics] holds the promise to shed further light on fundamental biological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 lie
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 as 2 alterations
1 as 7 lie
2 alterations 3 of
3 of 6 homeostasis
4 the 6 homeostasis
5 redox 6 homeostasis
7 lie 8 at
7 lie 15 in
8 at 10 root
9 the 10 root
10 root 11 of
11 of 14 processes
12 many 14 processes
13 pathophysiological 14 processes
15 in 17 health
16 human 17 health
18 , 19 redox
18 , 21 holds
19 redox 21 holds
21 holds 23 promise
22 the 23 promise
23 promise 24 to
23 promise 25 shed
24 to 25 shed
25 shed 27 light
25 shed 28 on
26 further 27 light
28 on 31 processes
29 fundamental 31 processes
30 biological 31 processes

[from] alzheimer 's to parkinson 's and hungtinton 's disease , from ageing to cancer , oxidative stress ( os ) appears to represent a common trait in so many relevant biological aspects of human health , that further investments in the field of redox proteomics ought to be mandatory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 alzheimer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 alzheimer 3 's
3 's 4 to
4 to 6 's
5 parkinson 6 's
7 and 10 disease
7 and 47 ought
8 hungtinton 9 's
9 's 10 disease
10 disease 12 from
10 disease 22 appears
11 , 12 from
12 from 13 ageing
12 from 21 )
13 ageing 14 to
13 ageing 18 stress
14 to 15 cancer
16 , 18 stress
17 oxidative 18 stress
18 stress 20 os
18 stress 21 )
19 ( 20 os
20 os 21 )
23 to 24 represent
23 to 47 ought
24 represent 27 trait
24 represent 28 in
24 represent 41 in
25 a 26 common
25 a 27 trait
26 common 27 trait
28 in 33 aspects
29 so 30 many
30 many 33 aspects
31 relevant 33 aspects
32 biological 33 aspects
33 aspects 34 of
33 aspects 38 that
33 aspects 39 further
34 of 36 health
35 human 36 health
37 , 38 that
38 that 39 further
39 further 40 investments
41 in 43 field
42 the 43 field
43 field 44 of
44 of 46 proteomics
45 redox 46 proteomics
47 ought 48 to
48 to 49 be
49 be 50 mandatory

for the foreseeable future , redox proteomics will likely play a pivotal role in the quest for new therapeutical targets and their validation , in the process of determining os - triggered cellular alteration upon drug treatments and thus in the very heart of the design and testing of new drugs and their metabolites against those pathologies relying on altered redox homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proteomics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 for 6 redox
1 for 7 proteomics
2 the 6 redox
3 foreseeable 6 redox
4 future 5 ,
4 future 6 redox
7 proteomics 8 will
8 will 10 play
9 likely 10 play
10 play 13 role
11 a 12 pivotal
11 a 13 role
12 pivotal 13 role
13 role 14 in
14 in 16 quest
15 the 16 quest
16 quest 17 for
17 for 20 targets
18 new 20 targets
19 therapeutical 20 targets
21 and 23 validation
21 and 32 triggered
22 their 23 validation
23 validation 25 in
23 validation 32 triggered
24 , 25 in
25 in 27 process
25 in 31 -
26 the 27 process
27 process 28 of
28 of 29 determining
29 determining 30 os
32 triggered 52 and
32 triggered 55 against
33 cellular 34 alteration
34 alteration 38 and
34 alteration 47 and
35 upon 37 treatments
35 upon 38 and
36 drug 37 treatments
38 and 39 thus
38 and 40 in
40 in 43 heart
41 the 42 very
41 the 43 heart
43 heart 44 of
44 of 46 design
45 the 46 design
47 and 48 testing
47 and 49 of
47 and 52 and
49 of 51 drugs
50 new 51 drugs
52 and 54 metabolites
53 their 54 metabolites
55 against 57 pathologies
56 those 57 pathologies
57 pathologies 58 relying
58 relying 59 on
59 on 62 homeostasis
60 altered 61 redox
61 redox 62 homeostasis

biliverdin reductase - [a] is a pleiotropic enzyme involved not only in the reduction of biliverdin - ix - alpha into bilirubin - ix - alpha , but also in the regulation of glucose metabolism and cell growth secondary to its serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reductase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 biliverdin 2 reductase
3 - 5 is
3 - 17 -
5 is 8 enzyme
5 is 10 not
5 is 11 only
5 is 12 in
6 a 7 pleiotropic
6 a 8 enzyme
7 pleiotropic 8 enzyme
8 enzyme 9 involved
12 in 14 reduction
13 the 14 reduction
14 reduction 15 of
15 of 16 biliverdin
17 - 18 ix
17 - 19 -
17 - 45 .
18 ix 19 -
19 - 36 and
20 alpha 28 but
20 alpha 36 and
21 into 22 bilirubin
21 into 28 but
22 bilirubin 24 ix
23 - 24 ix
24 ix 26 alpha
24 ix 27 ,
25 - 26 alpha
26 alpha 27 ,
27 , 28 but
28 but 29 also
28 but 30 in
30 in 32 regulation
31 the 32 regulation
32 regulation 33 of
33 of 35 metabolism
34 glucose 35 metabolism
36 and 38 growth
36 and 39 secondary
37 cell 38 growth
39 secondary 40 to
40 to 44 activity
41 its 44 activity
42 serine/threonine/tyrosine 44 activity
43 kinase 44 activity

together with heme oxygenase , whose metabolic role is to degrade heme into biliverdin - ix - alpha , it forms a powerful system involved in the cell stress response during neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 together 2 with
2 with 4 oxygenase
2 with 19 ,
2 with 20 it
3 heme 4 oxygenase
4 oxygenase 6 whose
4 oxygenase 16 ix
5 , 6 whose
6 whose 8 role
6 whose 15 -
7 metabolic 8 role
8 role 9 is
9 is 10 to
9 is 11 degrade
10 to 11 degrade
11 degrade 12 heme
11 degrade 13 into
13 into 14 biliverdin
15 - 16 ix
16 ix 18 alpha
16 ix 19 ,
17 - 18 alpha
18 alpha 19 ,
20 it 21 forms
21 forms 24 system
21 forms 26 in
21 forms 31 during
22 a 23 powerful
22 a 24 system
23 powerful 24 system
24 system 25 involved
26 in 30 response
27 the 30 response
28 cell 30 response
29 stress 30 response
31 during 33 disorders
32 neurodegenerative 33 disorders

in this paper , an up - regulation of the biliverdin reductase - a protein levels [was] found in the hippocampus of the subjects with alzheimer disease and arguably its earliest form , mild cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 16 levels
2 this 3 paper
5 an 14 a
6 up 8 regulation
6 up 14 a
7 - 8 regulation
8 regulation 9 of
8 regulation 13 -
9 of 12 reductase
10 the 12 reductase
11 biliverdin 12 reductase
14 a 16 levels
15 protein 16 levels
16 levels 18 found
18 found 19 in
18 found 28 and
20 the 21 hippocampus
21 hippocampus 22 of
21 hippocampus 28 and
22 of 24 subjects
23 the 24 subjects
24 subjects 25 with
25 with 27 disease
26 alzheimer 27 disease
28 and 29 arguably
28 and 32 form
28 and 33 ,
30 its 31 earliest
30 its 32 form
33 , 36 impairment
34 mild 36 impairment
35 cognitive 36 impairment

moreover a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of serine , threonine and tyrosine residues of biliverdin reductase - [a] was found , and this was paralleled by a marked reduction in its reductase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 moreover 4 reduction
2 a 3 significant
2 a 4 reduction
3 significant 4 reduction
4 reduction 5 in
4 reduction 12 and
4 reduction 20 was
5 in 7 phosphorylation
6 the 7 phosphorylation
7 phosphorylation 8 of
8 of 9 serine
10 , 12 and
11 threonine 12 and
12 and 14 residues
12 and 15 of
12 and 18 -
13 tyrosine 14 residues
15 of 17 reductase
16 biliverdin 17 reductase
20 was 21 found
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 this
23 and 26 paralleled
24 this 25 was
25 was 26 paralleled
26 paralleled 27 by
26 paralleled 31 in
27 by 30 reduction
28 a 30 reduction
29 marked 30 reduction
31 in 34 activity
32 its 34 activity
33 reductase 34 activity

interestingly , the levels of both total and phosphorylated biliverdin reductase [-] a were unchanged as well as its enzymatic activity in the cerebella . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 levels
3 the 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 14 were
5 of 8 and
6 both 8 and
7 total 8 and
8 and 11 reductase
9 phosphorylated 10 biliverdin
10 biliverdin 11 reductase
11 reductase 13 a
14 were 15 unchanged
15 unchanged 17 well
15 unchanged 18 as
16 as 17 well
18 as 21 activity
19 its 21 activity
20 enzymatic 21 activity
21 activity 22 in
22 in 24 cerebella
23 the 24 cerebella

these results demonstrated a dichotomy between biliverdin reductase - a protein levels and activity in the hippocampus of subjects affected by alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment , and this effect likely is attributable to a reduction in the phosphorylation of serine , threonine and tyrosine residues of biliverdin reductase - a . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 5 dichotomy
4 a 5 dichotomy
5 dichotomy 6 between
6 between 8 reductase
7 biliverdin 8 reductase
9 - 11 protein
9 - 33 is
9 - 51 -
9 - 53 .
10 a 11 protein
11 protein 13 and
11 protein 20 affected
11 protein 33 is
12 levels 13 and
13 and 14 activity
13 and 15 in
13 and 18 of
13 and 20 affected
15 in 17 hippocampus
16 the 17 hippocampus
18 of 19 subjects
20 affected 21 by
21 by 24 and
22 alzheimer 23 disease
23 disease 24 and
24 and 31 effect
25 mild 27 impairment
26 cognitive 27 impairment
27 impairment 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 this
29 and 31 effect
32 likely 33 is
33 is 34 attributable
34 attributable 35 to
35 to 45 and
36 a 37 reduction
37 reduction 38 in
37 reduction 43 ,
38 in 40 phosphorylation
39 the 40 phosphorylation
40 phosphorylation 41 of
41 of 42 serine
43 , 44 threonine
43 , 45 and
45 and 47 residues
45 and 48 of
46 tyrosine 47 residues
48 of 50 reductase
49 biliverdin 50 reductase
51 - 52 a

consequently , not [just] the increased levels of biliverdin reductase [-] a , but also its changed activity and phosphorylation state , should be taken into account when considering potential biomarkers for alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reductase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 10 reductase
3 not 7 levels
3 not 10 reductase
5 the 7 levels
6 increased 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
8 of 9 biliverdin
10 reductase 12 a
10 reductase 14 but
10 reductase 23 should
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 also
14 but 19 and
14 but 22 ,
16 its 18 activity
17 changed 18 activity
18 activity 19 and
19 and 21 state
20 phosphorylation 21 state
23 should 24 be
24 be 25 taken
25 taken 27 account
25 taken 28 when
26 into 27 account
28 when 29 considering
29 considering 31 biomarkers
29 considering 32 for
30 potential 31 biomarkers
32 for 35 and
33 alzheimer 34 disease
34 disease 35 and
35 and 38 impairment
36 mild 38 impairment
37 cognitive 38 impairment

the protein deacetylase sirt1 , and its activator resveratrol , exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 9 resveratrol
2 protein 9 resveratrol
3 deacetylase 9 resveratrol
4 sirt1 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 activator
6 and 9 resveratrol
7 its 8 activator
10 , 11 exert
11 exert 13 effects
11 exert 14 on
12 beneficial 13 effects
14 on 16 metabolism
15 glucose 16 metabolism

different sirt1 targets have been identified , including ptp1b , ampk , foxo , pgc - 1α and irs2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 targets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 different 3 targets
2 sirt1 3 targets
3 targets 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 identified
6 identified 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 11 ampk
8 including 12 ,
9 ptp1b 11 ampk
10 , 11 ampk
11 ampk 12 ,
12 , 18 and
13 foxo 15 pgc
14 , 15 pgc
15 pgc 16 -
15 pgc 17 1α
17 1α 18 and
18 and 19 irs2

the latter may underscore a tight link between sirt1 and insulin signaling components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 latter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 underscore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 latter
2 latter 3 may
3 may 4 underscore
4 underscore 7 link
4 underscore 8 between
5 a 6 tight
5 a 7 link
6 tight 7 link
8 between 10 and
9 sirt1 10 and
10 and 11 insulin
10 and 12 signaling
12 signaling 13 components

however , whether sirt1 has a direct effect on insulin resistance and whether resveratrol acts directly or indirectly in this context is still a matter of controversy and this question has not been addressed in muscle cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 whether
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 whether
3 whether 4 sirt1
3 whether 5 has
3 whether 22 is
4 sirt1 5 has
5 has 8 effect
5 has 9 on
5 has 17 or
5 has 19 in
6 a 7 direct
6 a 8 effect
7 direct 8 effect
9 on 15 acts
10 insulin 15 acts
11 resistance 12 and
12 and 13 whether
12 and 15 acts
14 resveratrol 15 acts
16 directly 17 or
17 or 18 indirectly
19 in 21 context
20 this 21 context
22 is 23 still
22 is 25 matter
24 a 25 matter
25 matter 26 of
26 of 27 controversy
28 and 30 question
28 and 34 addressed
29 this 30 question
30 question 31 has
31 has 32 not
31 has 33 been
33 been 34 addressed
34 addressed 35 in
35 in 37 cells
36 muscle 37 cells

here , we show that sirt1 protein expression is decreased in muscle biopsies and primary myotubes derived from type 2 diabetic patients , suggesting a contribution of diminished sirt1 in the determination of muscle insulin resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
4 show 6 sirt1
4 show 14 and
6 sirt1 7 protein
6 sirt1 13 biopsies
7 protein 8 expression
7 protein 9 is
7 protein 10 decreased
7 protein 13 biopsies
8 expression 9 is
10 decreased 11 in
11 in 12 muscle
14 and 16 myotubes
14 and 22 patients
15 primary 16 myotubes
16 myotubes 17 derived
16 myotubes 18 from
18 from 19 type
19 type 20 2
21 diabetic 22 patients
22 patients 24 suggesting
23 , 24 suggesting
24 suggesting 26 contribution
24 suggesting 30 in
24 suggesting 37 .
25 a 26 contribution
26 contribution 27 of
27 of 29 sirt1
28 diminished 29 sirt1
30 in 32 determination
31 the 32 determination
32 determination 33 of
33 of 36 resistance
34 muscle 36 resistance
35 insulin 36 resistance

to investigate the functional impact of sirt1 on the insulin pathway , the activation of insulin downstream effector pkb was evaluated after sirt1 inactivation by rnai , sirt1 overexpression , or resveratrol treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 5 impact
3 the 5 impact
4 functional 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
5 impact 8 on
6 of 7 sirt1
8 on 11 pathway
9 the 11 pathway
10 insulin 11 pathway
12 , 14 activation
12 , 21 evaluated
13 the 14 activation
14 activation 15 of
14 activation 20 was
15 of 19 pkb
16 insulin 19 pkb
17 downstream 18 effector
18 effector 19 pkb
20 was 21 evaluated
21 evaluated 22 after
21 evaluated 25 by
22 after 24 inactivation
23 sirt1 24 inactivation
25 by 31 or
26 rnai 27 ,
27 , 29 overexpression
27 , 31 or
28 sirt1 29 overexpression
30 , 31 or
31 or 33 treatments
32 resveratrol 33 treatments

in muscle cells and hek293 cells , downregulation of sirt1 reduced , while overexpression increased , insulin - induced pkb activatory phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 4 and
1 in 6 cells
2 muscle 3 cells
3 cells 4 and
4 and 5 hek293
6 cells 8 downregulation
6 cells 17 insulin
6 cells 19 induced
7 , 8 downregulation
8 downregulation 9 of
8 downregulation 16 ,
9 of 10 sirt1
10 sirt1 11 reduced
11 reduced 13 while
12 , 13 while
13 while 15 increased
13 while 16 ,
14 overexpression 15 increased
16 , 17 insulin
17 insulin 18 -
19 induced 22 phosphorylation
20 pkb 21 activatory
21 activatory 22 phosphorylation

further molecular characterisation revealed that sirt1 interacts in an insulin [-] independent manner with the pi3k adapter subunit p85 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterisation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 further 3 characterisation
2 molecular 3 characterisation
3 characterisation 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 6 sirt1
5 that 7 interacts
6 sirt1 7 interacts
7 interacts 8 in
7 interacts 14 with
8 in 13 manner
9 an 10 insulin
9 an 13 manner
10 insulin 13 manner
12 independent 13 manner
14 with 18 subunit
14 with 19 p85
15 the 18 subunit
16 pi3k 18 subunit
17 adapter 18 subunit

we then investigated whether resveratrol may improve insulin signaling in muscle cells via sirt1 , or alternative targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 3 investigated
2 then 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
4 whether 5 resveratrol
4 whether 7 improve
5 resveratrol 6 may
6 may 7 improve
7 improve 8 insulin
7 improve 13 via
8 insulin 9 signaling
9 signaling 10 in
10 in 12 cells
11 muscle 12 cells
13 via 16 or
14 sirt1 16 or
15 , 16 or
16 or 18 targets
17 alternative 18 targets

incubation of muscle cells with resveratrol reverted the insulin [-] resistant state induced by prolonged tnfα or insulin treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 incubation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reverted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 incubation 2 of
1 incubation 7 reverted
2 of 4 cells
3 muscle 4 cells
4 cells 5 with
5 with 6 resveratrol
7 reverted 12 state
7 reverted 14 by
8 the 12 state
9 insulin 12 state
11 resistant 12 state
12 state 13 induced
14 by 17 or
15 prolonged 16 tnfα
16 tnfα 17 or
17 or 19 treatment
18 insulin 19 treatment

resveratrol - dependent improvement of insulin - resistance occurred through inhibition of serine phosphorylation of irs1/2 , implicating resveratrol as a serine kinase inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 occurred
1 resveratrol 4 improvement
1 resveratrol 8 resistance
2 - 4 improvement
3 dependent 4 improvement
4 improvement 5 of
4 improvement 7 -
5 of 6 insulin
8 resistance 9 occurred
9 occurred 10 through
10 through 11 inhibition
11 inhibition 12 of
12 of 14 phosphorylation
13 serine 14 phosphorylation
14 phosphorylation 15 of
15 of 16 irs1/2
16 irs1/2 18 implicating
17 , 18 implicating
18 implicating 19 resveratrol
18 implicating 20 as
18 implicating 25 .
20 as 24 inhibitor
21 a 24 inhibitor
22 serine 24 inhibitor
23 kinase 24 inhibitor

finally , a functional interaction between pi3k and sirt1 was demonstrated in [c] [.] elegans , [where] constitutively active pi3k - mimicking increased iis signaling - lead to shortened lifespan , while removal of [sir] - 2.1 abolished pi3k - induced lifespan shortening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 demonstrated
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 5 interaction
3 a 4 functional
3 a 5 interaction
4 functional 5 interaction
5 interaction 6 between
5 interaction 10 was
6 between 9 sirt1
7 pi3k 8 and
8 and 9 sirt1
10 was 11 demonstrated
11 demonstrated 12 in
11 demonstrated 22 mimicking
12 in 15 elegans
15 elegans 20 pi3k
16 , 20 pi3k
18 constitutively 19 active
19 active 20 pi3k
20 pi3k 21 -
21 - 22 mimicking
22 mimicking 24 iis
22 mimicking 32 while
23 increased 24 iis
24 iis 25 signaling
24 iis 27 lead
26 - 27 lead
27 lead 28 to
27 lead 31 ,
28 to 30 lifespan
29 shortened 30 lifespan
32 while 33 removal
32 while 38 abolished
33 removal 34 of
33 removal 38 abolished
34 of 37 2.1
36 - 37 2.1
38 abolished 39 pi3k
39 pi3k 43 shortening
40 - 43 shortening
41 induced 43 shortening
42 lifespan 43 shortening
43 shortening 44 .

our data identify sirt1 as a positive modulator of insulin signaling in muscle cells through pi3k , and this mechanism appears to be conserved from c . elegans through humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 our 2 data
2 data 3 identify
3 identify 4 sirt1
3 identify 5 as
3 identify 15 through
5 as 8 modulator
6 a 7 positive
6 a 8 modulator
7 positive 8 modulator
8 modulator 9 of
9 of 10 insulin
10 insulin 11 signaling
11 signaling 12 in
12 in 14 cells
13 muscle 14 cells
15 through 16 pi3k
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 mechanism
18 and 21 appears
19 this 20 mechanism
20 mechanism 21 appears
21 appears 22 to
21 appears 24 conserved
22 to 23 be
23 be 24 conserved
24 conserved 25 from
25 from 26 c
27 . 30 humans
27 . 31 .
28 elegans 30 humans
29 through 30 humans

gastrointestinal motility disorders often pose a debilitating problem , especially in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disorders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pose
1 gastrointestinal 3 disorders
2 motility 3 disorders
3 disorders 5 pose
4 often 5 pose
5 pose 8 problem
6 a 8 problem
7 debilitating 8 problem
8 problem 11 in
9 , 10 especially
9 , 11 in
11 in 13 patients
11 in 14 .
12 elderly 13 patients

in addition , they are frequently occurring [co] - morbidities in dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 they
4 they 5 are
5 are 7 occurring
6 frequently 7 occurring
9 - 10 morbidities
10 morbidities 11 in
11 in 12 dementia

whereas a failing enteric nervous system has already been shown to be involved in gastrointestinal motility disorders and in parkinson 's disease , a relationship with the neurodegenerative process of alzheimer 's disease was not yet shown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 whereas 6 system
1 whereas 10 shown
1 whereas 25 relationship
2 a 6 system
3 failing 6 system
4 enteric 6 system
5 nervous 6 system
6 system 7 has
7 has 9 been
8 already 9 been
9 been 10 shown
10 shown 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 involved
14 in 17 disorders
14 in 18 and
15 gastrointestinal 16 motility
16 motility 17 disorders
18 and 19 in
18 and 23 ,
18 and 25 relationship
19 in 22 disease
20 parkinson 21 's
21 's 22 disease
24 a 25 relationship
25 relationship 26 with
25 relationship 30 of
25 relationship 34 was
26 with 29 process
27 the 29 process
28 neurodegenerative 29 process
30 of 33 disease
31 alzheimer 32 's
32 's 33 disease
34 was 35 not
34 was 36 yet
34 was 37 shown

amyloid deposits were seen in the vasculature , the mucosal and muscle layer of both heterozygous and wild type mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 deposits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 amyloid 2 deposits
2 deposits 3 were
3 were 4 seen
4 seen 5 in
5 in 11 and
6 the 7 vasculature
7 vasculature 8 ,
8 , 10 mucosal
8 , 11 and
9 the 10 mucosal
11 and 13 layer
11 and 14 of
12 muscle 13 layer
14 of 20 mice
15 both 20 mice
16 heterozygous 17 and
17 and 18 wild
17 and 19 type
19 type 20 mice

amyloidβ₁₋₄₂ could not be detected , pointing to a different amyloid composition than that found in senile plaques in the mice 's brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amyloidβ₁₋₄₂
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 amyloidβ₁₋₄₂ 2 could
2 could 3 not
2 could 4 be
4 be 5 detected
6 , 7 pointing
6 , 15 found
7 pointing 8 to
7 pointing 13 than
7 pointing 15 found
8 to 12 composition
9 a 12 composition
10 different 12 composition
11 amyloid 12 composition
13 than 14 that
15 found 16 in
15 found 18 plaques
17 senile 18 plaques
18 plaques 19 in
19 in 23 brains
20 the 21 mice
21 mice 22 's
22 's 23 brains

the finding of an increased density of βiii - tubulin - , substance p - and nos - ir - nerve fibres in heterozygous mice could not undoubtedly be related to amyloid deposition or to [an] activation of glial cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 finding
2 finding 3 of
2 finding 16 and
3 of 6 density
4 an 6 density
5 increased 6 density
6 density 7 of
7 of 8 βiii
8 βiii 10 tubulin
8 βiii 13 substance
9 - 10 tubulin
10 tubulin 11 -
12 , 13 substance
13 substance 14 p
13 substance 15 -
16 and 17 nos
16 and 22 fibres
16 and 29 be
16 and 30 related
17 nos 19 ir
18 - 19 ir
19 ir 20 -
21 nerve 22 fibres
22 fibres 23 in
22 fibres 26 could
23 in 25 mice
24 heterozygous 25 mice
26 could 27 not
26 could 29 be
28 undoubtedly 29 be
30 related 34 or
31 to 33 deposition
31 to 34 or
32 amyloid 33 deposition
34 or 35 to
35 to 37 activation
37 activation 38 of
38 of 40 cells
39 glial 40 cells

therefore , the alterations at the level of the enteric nervous system and the deposition of amyloid seem [not] primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 alterations
3 the 4 alterations
4 alterations 5 at
4 alterations 18 seem
5 at 7 level
6 the 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 13 and
9 the 12 system
10 enteric 12 system
11 nervous 12 system
12 system 13 and
13 and 15 deposition
13 and 16 of
14 the 15 deposition
16 of 17 amyloid
18 seem 21 involved
20 primarily 21 involved
21 involved 22 in
22 in 24 pathogenesis
23 the 24 pathogenesis
24 pathogenesis 25 of
25 of 28 disease
26 alzheimer 27 's
27 's 28 disease

at most they are secondary [related] to the neurodegenerative process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 at
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 at 2 most
1 at 4 are
3 they 4 are
4 are 5 secondary
5 secondary 7 to
7 to 10 process
8 the 10 process
9 neurodegenerative 10 process

additionally , our data could not show extensive neuronal or glial cell loss associated with aging , in contrast to other reports . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 show
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 data
3 our 4 data
4 data 5 could
5 could 6 not
5 could 7 show
7 show 13 loss
7 show 14 associated
8 extensive 12 cell
9 neuronal 10 or
10 or 11 glial
10 or 12 cell
12 cell 13 loss
13 loss 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 aging
16 aging 18 in
17 , 18 in
18 in 19 contrast
18 in 23 .
19 contrast 20 to
20 to 22 reports
21 other 22 reports

instead [an] increase in s100 - ir was observed in senescent mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 instead 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
4 in 5 s100
6 - 7 ir
6 - 9 observed
6 - 13 .
7 ir 8 was
8 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
10 in 12 mice
11 senescent 12 mice

background : when individuals have hearing loss , physiological changes in their brain interact with relearning of sound patterns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 changes
2 : 14 interact
2 : 20 .
3 when 4 individuals
3 when 5 have
3 when 8 ,
3 when 10 changes
4 individuals 5 have
5 have 7 loss
6 hearing 7 loss
9 physiological 10 changes
10 changes 11 in
10 changes 14 interact
11 in 13 brain
12 their 13 brain
14 interact 15 with
15 with 16 relearning
16 relearning 17 of
17 of 19 patterns
18 sound 19 patterns

some individuals utilize compensatory strategies that may result in successful hearing aid use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 utilize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 some 2 individuals
2 individuals 3 utilize
3 utilize 5 strategies
4 compensatory 5 strategies
5 strategies 6 that
5 strategies 7 may
6 that 7 may
7 may 8 result
8 result 9 in
9 in 13 use
10 successful 11 hearing
11 hearing 13 use
12 aid 13 use

others , however , are not so fortunate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 others
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 others 5 are
2 , 3 however
3 however 4 ,
3 however 5 are
5 are 6 not
5 are 8 fortunate
7 so 8 fortunate

modern hearing aids can provide audibility but may not rectify spectral and temporal resolution , susceptibility to noise interference , or degradation of cognitive skills , such as declining auditory memory and slower speed of processing associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 modern 2 hearing
1 modern 15 ,
2 hearing 3 aids
2 hearing 7 but
3 aids 7 but
4 can 5 provide
4 can 7 but
5 provide 6 audibility
7 but 8 may
8 may 9 not
8 may 10 rectify
10 rectify 12 and
11 spectral 12 and
12 and 14 resolution
13 temporal 14 resolution
15 , 16 susceptibility
15 , 21 or
16 susceptibility 17 to
17 to 19 interference
18 noise 19 interference
20 , 21 or
21 or 22 degradation
21 or 23 of
23 of 32 and
24 cognitive 25 skills
25 skills 26 ,
26 , 31 memory
26 , 32 and
27 such 31 memory
28 as 29 declining
29 declining 31 memory
30 auditory 31 memory
32 and 34 speed
32 and 35 of
33 slower 34 speed
35 of 36 processing
36 processing 37 associated
36 processing 38 with
38 with 39 aging

frequently , these deficits are not identified during a typical " hearing aid evaluation . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deficits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 frequently 2 ,
1 frequently 4 deficits
3 these 4 deficits
4 deficits 5 are
5 are 6 not
5 are 8 during
6 not 7 identified
8 during 14 evaluation
9 a 10 typical
9 a 14 evaluation
10 typical 11 "
10 typical 12 hearing
12 hearing 14 evaluation
13 aid 14 evaluation
15 . 16 "

aural rehabilitation has long been advocated to enhance communication but has not been considered time or cost - effective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aural
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 aural 2 rehabilitation
1 aural 13 been
1 aural 14 considered
2 rehabilitation 3 has
3 has 5 been
4 long 5 been
5 been 6 advocated
6 advocated 7 to
7 to 10 but
8 enhance 9 communication
8 enhance 10 but
10 but 11 has
11 has 12 not
11 has 13 been
14 considered 16 or
14 considered 19 effective
15 time 16 or
16 or 17 cost
16 or 18 -

home - based , interactive adaptive computer therapy programs [are] available that are designed to engage the adult hearing - impaired [listener] in the hearing aid fitting process , provide listening strategies , build confidence , and address cognitive changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 home
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 home 3 based
1 home 8 therapy
2 - 3 based
3 based 4 ,
5 interactive 7 computer
6 adaptive 7 computer
7 computer 8 therapy
8 therapy 9 programs
8 therapy 14 designed
8 therapy 21 impaired
9 programs 11 available
9 programs 12 that
9 programs 13 are
9 programs 14 designed
12 that 13 are
14 designed 15 to
14 designed 16 engage
15 to 16 engage
16 engage 19 hearing
17 the 19 hearing
18 adult 19 hearing
20 - 21 impaired
21 impaired 23 in
21 impaired 29 ,
23 in 26 aid
24 the 26 aid
25 hearing 26 aid
26 aid 27 fitting
27 fitting 28 process
29 , 33 ,
30 provide 32 strategies
30 provide 33 ,
31 listening 32 strategies
33 , 37 and
34 build 35 confidence
34 build 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 address
38 address 40 changes
39 cognitive 40 changes

despite the availability of these programs , many patients and professionals are reluctant to engage [in] and complete therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 despite 3 availability
1 despite 7 ,
1 despite 10 and
2 the 3 availability
3 availability 4 of
4 of 6 programs
5 these 6 programs
8 many 9 patients
9 patients 10 and
10 and 11 professionals
10 and 12 are
12 are 13 reluctant
13 reluctant 14 to
13 reluctant 17 and
14 to 17 and
15 engage 17 and
17 and 18 complete
18 complete 19 therapy

purpose : the purposes of this article are to discuss the need for identifying auditory and nonauditory factors that may adversely affect the overall audiological rehabilitation process , to discuss important features that should be incorporated into training , and to examine reasons for the lack of compliance with therapeutic options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 discuss
2 : 4 purposes
2 : 8 are
3 the 4 purposes
4 purposes 5 of
4 purposes 8 are
5 of 7 article
6 this 7 article
8 are 9 to
9 to 10 discuss
10 discuss 12 need
10 discuss 13 for
10 discuss 29 to
11 the 12 need
13 for 14 identifying
14 identifying 16 and
14 identifying 18 factors
15 auditory 16 and
16 and 17 nonauditory
18 factors 19 that
18 factors 20 may
19 that 20 may
20 may 22 affect
21 adversely 22 affect
22 affect 27 process
23 the 27 process
24 overall 27 process
25 audiological 26 rehabilitation
26 rehabilitation 27 process
28 , 29 to
29 to 40 and
29 to 52 .
30 discuss 32 features
30 discuss 37 into
30 discuss 40 and
31 important 32 features
32 features 33 that
32 features 34 should
33 that 34 should
34 should 35 be
35 be 36 incorporated
37 into 38 training
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 to
40 and 42 examine
40 and 49 with
41 to 42 examine
42 examine 43 reasons
43 reasons 44 for
43 reasons 47 of
44 for 46 lack
45 the 46 lack
47 of 48 compliance
49 with 51 options
50 therapeutic 51 options

possible solutions to maximizing compliance are explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 solutions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 possible 2 solutions
2 solutions 3 to
2 solutions 6 are
3 to 4 maximizing
4 maximizing 5 compliance
6 are 7 explored

conclusions : only a small portion of audiologists ( fewer than 10 % [ )(offer auditory training to patients with hearing impairment , even though auditory training appears to lower the rate of hearing aid returns for credit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 only
2 : 6 portion
4 a 5 small
4 a 6 portion
5 small 6 portion
6 portion 7 of
7 of 8 audiologists
8 audiologists 17 training
9 ( 17 training
10 fewer 11 than
11 than 12 10
12 10 13 %
13 % 17 training
15 )(offer 17 training
16 auditory 17 training
17 training 18 to
17 training 23 ,
18 to 19 patients
19 patients 20 with
20 with 21 hearing
21 hearing 22 impairment
23 , 35 aid
24 even 25 though
24 even 35 aid
25 though 27 training
25 though 28 appears
26 auditory 27 training
27 training 28 appears
28 appears 29 to
28 appears 30 lower
29 to 30 lower
30 lower 32 rate
31 the 32 rate
32 rate 33 of
33 of 34 hearing
35 aid 36 returns
35 aid 37 for
37 for 38 credit

patients to whom auditory training programs are recommended often do not complete the training , however . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 complete
1 patients 2 to
1 patients 10 do
2 to 3 whom
2 to 6 programs
2 to 8 recommended
4 auditory 5 training
5 training 6 programs
6 programs 7 are
7 are 8 recommended
9 often 10 do
10 do 11 not
10 do 12 complete
12 complete 14 training
12 complete 16 however
13 the 14 training
15 , 16 however
16 however 17 .

compliance for a cohort of home [-] based auditory therapy trainees was less than 30 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 compliance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 compliance 2 for
1 compliance 12 was
2 for 4 cohort
3 a 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 of
5 of 11 trainees
6 home 8 based
8 based 10 therapy
9 auditory 10 therapy
10 therapy 11 trainees
12 was 16 %
13 less 14 than
14 than 15 30
15 30 16 %

activities to increase patient compliance to auditory training protocols are proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 activities 2 to
1 activities 10 are
2 to 5 compliance
3 increase 5 compliance
4 patient 5 compliance
5 compliance 6 to
6 to 9 protocols
7 auditory 8 training
8 training 9 protocols
10 are 11 proposed

background : late - life depression may be undiagnosed due to symptom expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 depression
2 : 8 be
2 : 14 .
3 late 4 -
3 late 5 life
5 life 6 depression
6 depression 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 undiagnosed
9 undiagnosed 11 to
10 due 11 to
11 to 13 expression
12 symptom 13 expression

these analyses explore the structure of depressive symptoms in older patients diagnosed with major depression by identifying clusters of patients based on their symptom profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explore
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 explore
3 explore 5 structure
3 explore 9 in
3 explore 13 with
3 explore 16 by
4 the 5 structure
5 structure 6 of
6 of 8 symptoms
7 depressive 8 symptoms
9 in 11 patients
10 older 11 patients
11 patients 12 diagnosed
13 with 15 depression
14 major 15 depression
16 by 17 identifying
17 identifying 18 clusters
17 identifying 22 on
18 clusters 19 of
18 clusters 21 based
19 of 20 patients
22 on 25 profiles
23 their 25 profiles
24 symptom 25 profiles

methods : the sample comprised 366 patients enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 sample
2 : 5 comprised
2 : 14 .
3 the 4 sample
4 sample 5 comprised
5 comprised 7 patients
6 366 7 patients
7 patients 8 enrolled
8 enrolled 9 in
9 in 13 study
10 a 11 naturalistic
10 a 13 study
11 naturalistic 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 study

symptom profiles were defined using responses to the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale ( ces - d ) , the hamilton rating scale for depression ( ham - d ) and the depression section of the diagnostic interview schedule ( dis ) administered [at] enrollment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 profiles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 symptom 2 profiles
2 profiles 3 were
3 were 4 defined
4 defined 5 using
5 using 32 and
6 responses 7 to
6 responses 32 and
7 to 9 center
8 the 9 center
9 center 10 for
10 for 14 scale
11 epidemiologic 12 studies
12 studies 13 depression
13 depression 14 scale
14 scale 17 -
14 scale 24 scale
15 ( 17 -
16 ces 17 -
17 - 18 d
17 - 19 )
20 , 24 scale
21 the 24 scale
22 hamilton 23 rating
23 rating 24 scale
24 scale 25 for
24 scale 29 -
24 scale 31 )
25 for 26 depression
27 ( 29 -
28 ham 29 -
29 - 30 d
29 - 31 )
32 and 35 section
32 and 36 of
33 the 35 section
34 depression 35 section
36 of 46 enrollment
37 the 46 enrollment
38 diagnostic 39 interview
39 interview 40 schedule
40 schedule 42 dis
41 ( 42 dis
42 dis 43 )
42 dis 44 administered
44 administered 46 enrollment

latent class analysis ( lca ) was used to place patients into homogeneous clusters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 latent 2 class
2 class 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 lca
3 analysis 7 was
4 ( 5 lca
5 lca 6 )
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 place
9 to 10 place
10 place 11 patients
10 place 12 into
12 into 14 clusters
13 homogeneous 14 clusters

as a final step , we identified a risk profile from representative items across instruments selected through variable reduction techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 as 4 step
1 as 5 ,
1 as 6 we
2 a 3 final
2 a 4 step
3 final 4 step
6 we 7 identified
7 identified 10 profile
7 identified 11 from
7 identified 14 across
7 identified 17 through
8 a 10 profile
9 risk 10 profile
11 from 13 items
12 representative 13 items
14 across 15 instruments
15 instruments 16 selected
17 through 20 techniques
18 variable 19 reduction
19 reduction 20 techniques

results : a model with four discrete clusters provided the best fit to the data for the ces [-] d and the dis depression module , while three clusters best fit the ham - d . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 21 and
2 : 26 ,
3 a 4 model
4 model 5 with
4 model 9 provided
4 model 12 fit
4 model 21 and
5 with 8 clusters
6 four 8 clusters
7 discrete 8 clusters
9 provided 11 best
10 the 11 best
12 fit 13 to
12 fit 16 for
13 to 15 data
14 the 15 data
16 for 18 ces
17 the 18 ces
18 ces 20 d
21 and 25 module
22 the 25 module
23 dis 25 module
24 depression 25 module
26 , 31 fit
26 , 34 -
27 while 29 clusters
27 while 31 fit
28 three 29 clusters
30 best 31 fit
31 fit 33 ham
32 the 33 ham
34 - 35 d

using lca to identify clusters of patients based on their endorsement of seventeen representative symptoms , we found three clusters of patients differing in ways other than severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 using 2 lca
1 using 3 to
1 using 4 identify
1 using 16 ,
1 using 17 we
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 5 clusters
4 identify 9 on
5 clusters 6 of
5 clusters 8 based
6 of 7 patients
9 on 11 endorsement
10 their 11 endorsement
11 endorsement 12 of
12 of 15 symptoms
13 seventeen 15 symptoms
14 representative 15 symptoms
17 we 18 found
18 found 20 clusters
19 three 20 clusters
20 clusters 21 of
20 clusters 23 differing
21 of 22 patients
23 differing 24 in
23 differing 27 than
24 in 25 ways
26 other 27 than
27 than 28 severity

age , sex , education , marital status , age [of] onset , functional limitations , level of perceived stress and subjective social support were differentially distributed across clusters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 , 21 and
2 , 27 distributed
3 sex 4 ,
4 , 5 education
4 , 6 ,
6 , 8 status
6 , 9 ,
7 marital 8 status
9 , 12 onset
9 , 13 ,
10 age 12 onset
13 , 15 limitations
13 , 16 ,
14 functional 15 limitations
16 , 17 level
16 , 21 and
17 level 18 of
18 of 20 stress
19 perceived 20 stress
21 and 24 support
21 and 25 were
22 subjective 24 support
23 social 24 support
25 were 26 differentially
25 were 27 distributed
27 distributed 28 across
28 across 29 clusters

conclusions : we found considerable heterogeneity in symptom profiles among older adults with an index episode of major depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
3 we 4 found
4 found 6 heterogeneity
4 found 7 in
4 found 10 among
4 found 13 with
5 considerable 6 heterogeneity
7 in 9 profiles
8 symptom 9 profiles
10 among 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 with 16 episode
14 an 16 episode
15 index 16 episode
16 episode 17 of
17 of 19 depression
18 major 19 depression

clinical indicators such as depression history may play less [of] a role differentiating clusters of patients than variables such as stress , social support , and functional limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 clinical 2 indicators
2 indicators 4 as
2 indicators 7 may
3 such 4 as
4 as 6 history
5 depression 6 history
7 may 8 play
8 play 9 less
8 play 12 role
8 play 17 than
11 a 12 role
12 role 13 differentiating
13 differentiating 14 clusters
14 clusters 15 of
15 of 16 patients
17 than 18 variables
17 than 20 as
19 such 20 as
20 as 26 and
21 stress 22 ,
22 , 24 support
22 , 26 and
23 social 24 support
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 limitations
27 functional 28 limitations

these findings can help conceptualize depression and potentially [reduce] misdiagnosis for this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 can
3 can 4 help
4 help 5 conceptualize
5 conceptualize 7 and
5 conceptualize 11 for
6 depression 7 and
7 and 8 potentially
7 and 10 misdiagnosis
11 for 14 group
12 this 14 group
13 age 14 group

mutations in dkc1 , encoding telomerase associated protein dyskerin , cause x - linked dyskeratosis congenita [(] [dc] ) , a bone [marrow] ( bm ) [failure] , and cancer susceptibility syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 29 and
2 in 3 dkc1
3 dkc1 9 dyskerin
4 , 9 dyskerin
5 encoding 7 associated
6 telomerase 7 associated
7 associated 9 dyskerin
8 protein 9 dyskerin
9 dyskerin 11 cause
9 dyskerin 16 congenita
9 dyskerin 22 bone
9 dyskerin 28 ,
10 , 11 cause
11 cause 12 x
11 cause 13 -
13 - 16 congenita
14 linked 16 congenita
15 dyskeratosis 16 congenita
16 congenita 19 )
20 , 22 bone
21 a 22 bone
22 bone 25 bm
22 bone 28 ,
24 ( 25 bm
25 bm 26 )
29 and 32 syndrome
30 cancer 31 susceptibility
31 susceptibility 32 syndrome

decreased accumulation of telomerase rna resulting in excessive telomere shortening and premature cellular senescence is thought to be the primary cause of disease in x - linked [dc] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
1 decreased 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 11 and
3 of 5 rna
4 telomerase 5 rna
5 rna 6 resulting
5 rna 7 in
5 rna 10 shortening
7 in 9 telomere
8 excessive 9 telomere
11 and 12 premature
11 and 14 senescence
13 cellular 14 senescence
14 senescence 15 is
15 is 16 thought
15 is 17 to
15 is 21 cause
15 is 27 linked
17 to 18 be
18 be 20 primary
19 the 20 primary
21 cause 22 of
22 of 23 disease
23 disease 24 in
24 in 25 x
26 - 27 linked
27 linked 29 .

affected tissues are those that require constant renewal by stem cell activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tissues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 affected 2 tissues
2 tissues 3 are
3 are 4 those
4 those 5 that
4 those 6 require
5 that 6 require
6 require 8 renewal
6 require 9 by
7 constant 8 renewal
9 by 12 activity
10 stem 12 activity
11 cell 12 activity

we now demonstrate the presence of the growth defect in dkc1 ( δ15 ) mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro and show that accumulation of dna damage and levels of reactive oxygen species increase with increasing population doublings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 20 and
2 now 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 5 presence
3 demonstrate 10 in
3 demonstrate 19 vitro
3 demonstrate 20 and
4 the 5 presence
5 presence 6 of
6 of 9 defect
7 the 9 defect
8 growth 9 defect
10 in 17 fibroblasts
11 dkc1 13 δ15
11 dkc1 17 fibroblasts
12 ( 13 δ15
13 δ15 14 )
15 mouse 17 fibroblasts
16 embryonic 17 fibroblasts
18 in 19 vitro
20 and 21 show
20 and 34 with
20 and 37 doublings
21 show 22 that
21 show 23 accumulation
23 accumulation 24 of
24 of 25 dna
25 dna 27 and
25 dna 33 increase
26 damage 27 and
27 and 28 levels
27 and 29 of
27 and 33 increase
29 of 32 species
30 reactive 31 oxygen
31 oxygen 32 species
34 with 36 population
35 increasing 36 population

treatment with the antioxidant , n - acetyl cysteine ( nac ) , partially rescued the growth disadvantage of mutant cells in vitro and in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 rescued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 treatment 2 with
1 treatment 15 rescued
2 with 4 antioxidant
3 the 4 antioxidant
4 antioxidant 6 n
4 antioxidant 9 cysteine
5 , 6 n
6 n 7 -
7 - 9 cysteine
8 acetyl 9 cysteine
9 cysteine 11 nac
9 cysteine 13 ,
10 ( 11 nac
11 nac 12 )
14 partially 15 rescued
15 rescued 18 disadvantage
15 rescued 24 and
16 the 18 disadvantage
17 growth 18 disadvantage
18 disadvantage 19 of
19 of 21 cells
20 mutant 21 cells
22 in 23 vitro
23 vitro 24 and
24 and 26 vivo
25 in 26 vivo

competitive bm repopulation experiments showed that the dkc1 ( δ15 ) mutation is associated with a functional stem cell defect that becomes more severe with increasing age , consistent with accelerated senescence , a hallmark of [dc] hematopoiesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 competitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 competitive 4 experiments
1 competitive 5 showed
1 competitive 13 is
2 bm 4 experiments
3 repopulation 4 experiments
4 experiments 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
5 showed 12 mutation
7 the 12 mutation
8 dkc1 10 δ15
8 dkc1 12 mutation
9 ( 10 δ15
10 δ15 11 )
13 is 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 20 defect
16 a 17 functional
16 a 20 defect
17 functional 18 stem
18 stem 20 defect
19 cell 20 defect
20 defect 21 that
20 defect 22 becomes
21 that 22 becomes
22 becomes 24 severe
23 more 24 severe
24 severe 25 with
25 with 27 age
25 with 35 hallmark
26 increasing 27 age
27 age 29 consistent
28 , 29 consistent
29 consistent 30 with
29 consistent 33 ,
30 with 32 senescence
31 accelerated 32 senescence
34 a 35 hallmark
35 hallmark 36 of
36 of 38 hematopoiesis

this stem cell phenotype was partially corrected by nac treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 phenotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 corrected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 4 phenotype
2 stem 4 phenotype
3 cell 4 phenotype
4 phenotype 5 was
5 was 7 corrected
6 partially 7 corrected
7 corrected 8 by
8 by 10 treatment
9 nac 10 treatment

these results suggest that a pathogenic dkc1 mutation accelerates stem cell aging , that increased oxidative stress might play a role in the pathogenesis of x - linked [dc] , [and] [that] some manifestations of [dc] may be prevented or delayed by antioxidant treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 8 mutation
4 that 13 ,
5 a 6 pathogenic
5 a 8 mutation
6 pathogenic 8 mutation
7 dkc1 8 mutation
9 accelerates 11 cell
9 accelerates 13 ,
10 stem 11 cell
11 cell 12 aging
13 , 19 play
14 that 15 increased
15 increased 17 stress
16 oxidative 17 stress
17 stress 18 might
18 might 19 play
19 play 21 role
20 a 21 role
21 role 22 in
22 in 24 pathogenesis
23 the 24 pathogenesis
24 pathogenesis 25 of
24 pathogenesis 28 linked
24 pathogenesis 34 manifestations
25 of 26 x
27 - 28 linked
28 linked 30 ,
30 , 34 manifestations
33 some 34 manifestations
34 manifestations 35 of
34 manifestations 45 .
35 of 40 or
37 may 38 be
37 may 40 or
38 be 39 prevented
40 or 41 delayed
41 delayed 42 by
42 by 44 treatment
43 antioxidant 44 treatment

in aging , immune responses are dramatically impaired , specifically [the] [ability] to produce protective antibodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 aging
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 responses
4 immune 5 responses
5 responses 6 are
6 are 7 dramatically
6 are 8 impaired
9 , 13 to
9 , 14 produce
10 specifically 13 to
13 to 14 produce
14 produce 16 antibodies
15 protective 16 antibodies

we previously showed that with age there is a [b] [-] cell intrinsic decrease in class switch recombination ( csr ) because of a decrease in activation - induced cytidine deaminase ( aid ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
1 we 3 showed
2 previously 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
3 showed 5 with
3 showed 7 there
3 showed 8 is
5 with 6 age
7 there 8 is
8 is 14 decrease
8 is 23 of
9 a 14 decrease
12 cell 14 decrease
13 intrinsic 14 decrease
14 decrease 15 in
14 decrease 20 csr
15 in 18 recombination
16 class 18 recombination
17 switch 18 recombination
19 ( 20 csr
20 csr 21 )
22 because 23 of
23 of 25 decrease
24 a 25 decrease
25 decrease 26 in
26 in 27 activation
27 activation 31 deaminase
28 - 31 deaminase
29 induced 30 cytidine
30 cytidine 31 deaminase
31 deaminase 33 aid
31 deaminase 35 .
32 ( 33 aid
33 aid 34 )

one mechanism we have demonstrated for decreased aid includes increased mrna degradation of the transcription factor e47 , critical for aid transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demonstrated
1 one 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 we
2 mechanism 4 have
2 mechanism 5 demonstrated
3 we 4 have
5 demonstrated 6 for
5 demonstrated 9 includes
5 demonstrated 11 mrna
6 for 8 aid
7 decreased 8 aid
9 includes 10 increased
9 includes 11 mrna
11 mrna 12 degradation
12 degradation 13 of
13 of 17 e47
14 the 16 factor
15 transcription 16 factor
16 factor 17 e47
17 e47 19 critical
18 , 19 critical
19 critical 20 for
19 critical 23 .
20 for 22 transcription
21 aid 22 transcription

here , we show by means of a retroviral construct containing the dsred reporter and the 3'utr of e47 that the 3'utr lowers mrna expression , and particularly [in] [b] cells from old mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 by
4 show 20 that
5 by 15 and
6 means 7 of
6 means 15 and
7 of 10 construct
8 a 10 construct
9 retroviral 10 construct
10 construct 11 containing
11 containing 14 reporter
12 the 14 reporter
13 dsred 14 reporter
15 and 17 3'utr
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 3'utr
18 of 19 e47
20 that 22 3'utr
20 that 23 lowers
21 the 22 3'utr
22 3'utr 23 lowers
23 lowers 27 and
23 lowers 32 from
24 mrna 25 expression
25 expression 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 particularly
27 and 31 cells
32 from 34 mice
33 old 34 mice

this is the first demonstration that the e47 3'utr directly regulates its degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 demonstration
3 the 5 demonstration
4 first 5 demonstration
5 demonstration 6 that
5 demonstration 11 regulates
6 that 9 3'utr
6 that 11 regulates
7 the 9 3'utr
8 e47 9 3'utr
9 3'utr 11 regulates
10 directly 11 regulates
11 regulates 13 degradation
12 its 13 degradation

the aid mrna was not differentially regulated by degradation in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mrna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 mrna
2 aid 3 mrna
3 mrna 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 regulated
6 differentially 7 regulated
7 regulated 8 by
7 regulated 10 in
8 by 9 degradation
10 in 11 aging

therefore , we have here further established critical components for decreased aid with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 here
4 have 9 components
4 have 13 with
6 further 7 established
7 established 9 components
8 critical 9 components
9 components 10 for
10 for 12 aid
11 decreased 12 aid
13 with 14 age

the major aim of this study was to establish conditions for the rescue of the intrinsic defect of aged [b] cells with retroviral addition of the coding region of e47 in splenic [b] cells to restore their ability to produce optimal aid and class switch to igg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 3 aim
2 major 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 7 was
4 of 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 22 with
7 was 35 to
8 to 9 establish
9 establish 10 conditions
9 establish 11 for
11 for 13 rescue
12 the 13 rescue
13 rescue 14 of
14 of 17 defect
15 the 17 defect
16 intrinsic 17 defect
17 defect 18 of
18 of 21 cells
19 aged 21 cells
22 with 24 addition
22 with 31 in
23 retroviral 24 addition
24 addition 25 of
25 of 28 region
26 the 28 region
27 coding 28 region
28 region 29 of
29 of 30 e47
31 in 34 cells
32 splenic 34 cells
35 to 36 restore
36 restore 38 ability
36 restore 39 to
36 restore 46 to
37 their 38 ability
39 to 43 and
40 produce 42 aid
41 optimal 42 aid
42 aid 43 and
43 and 45 switch
44 class 45 switch
46 to 47 igg

in this study , we show that young and old primary b cells overexpressing a stable e47 mrna up - regulate e47 , aid , and csr and improve b - cell immune responses in senescent murine b cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 show
6 show 7 that
7 that 13 cells
7 that 18 mrna
8 young 9 and
9 and 10 old
9 and 11 primary
11 primary 12 b
11 primary 13 cells
13 cells 14 overexpressing
13 cells 18 mrna
14 overexpressing 17 e47
15 a 17 e47
16 stable 17 e47
18 mrna 19 up
20 - 28 and
20 - 31 -
20 - 40 .
21 regulate 26 and
21 regulate 28 and
22 e47 24 aid
23 , 24 aid
24 aid 25 ,
24 aid 26 and
26 and 27 csr
28 and 29 improve
28 and 30 b
31 - 34 responses
32 cell 34 responses
33 immune 34 responses
34 responses 35 in
35 in 39 cells
36 senescent 37 murine
37 murine 38 b
37 murine 39 cells

our results provide a proof of principle for the rescue of intrinsic [b] - cell defects and the humoral immune response in senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 5 proof
3 provide 22 in
4 a 5 proof
5 proof 6 of
6 of 7 principle
7 principle 8 for
7 principle 11 of
8 for 10 rescue
9 the 10 rescue
11 of 17 and
12 intrinsic 14 -
12 intrinsic 15 cell
15 cell 16 defects
16 defects 17 and
17 and 21 response
18 the 21 response
19 humoral 21 response
20 immune 21 response
22 in 23 senescence

argonaute 2 ( ago2 ) has a leading function in mirna - induced rna silencing , a conserved gene regulatory mechanism in cells and organisms . mirnas are critical for stem cell self [-] renewal , development , and other functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 argonaute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 argonaute 2 2
1 argonaute 4 ago2
1 argonaute 6 has
3 ( 4 ago2
4 ago2 5 )
6 has 9 function
6 has 10 in
7 a 9 function
8 leading 9 function
10 in 24 and
11 mirna 12 -
11 mirna 15 silencing
13 induced 15 silencing
14 rna 15 silencing
15 silencing 16 ,
16 , 21 mechanism
16 , 24 and
17 a 21 mechanism
18 conserved 19 gene
19 gene 21 mechanism
20 regulatory 21 mechanism
21 mechanism 22 in
22 in 23 cells
24 and 25 organisms
26 . 27 mirnas
26 . 28 are
27 mirnas 28 are
28 are 29 critical
29 critical 30 for
30 for 39 and
31 stem 35 renewal
32 cell 33 self
33 self 35 renewal
35 renewal 36 ,
36 , 37 development
36 , 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 functions
40 other 41 functions

the role of nuclear ago2 has not been previously reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 6 has
3 of 5 ago2
4 nuclear 5 ago2
6 has 7 not
6 has 8 been
8 been 10 reported
9 previously 10 reported

here , we show that human atscs in which ago2 was downregulated underwent apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 6 human
4 show 7 atscs
4 show 13 underwent
5 that 6 human
7 atscs 8 in
7 atscs 13 underwent
8 in 9 which
8 in 10 ago2
8 in 12 downregulated
10 ago2 11 was
11 was 12 downregulated
13 underwent 14 apoptosis

silencing of ago2 in atscs significantly induces upregulation of mir10b and mir23b expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 silencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 silencing 2 of
1 silencing 7 induces
2 of 3 ago2
3 ago2 4 in
4 in 5 atscs
6 significantly 7 induces
7 induces 8 upregulation
8 upregulation 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 mir10b 11 and
11 and 13 expression
12 mir23b 13 expression

these mirnas directly interfere with ros - scavenging gene expression , such as txnl1 and gpx3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mirnas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interfere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 mirnas
2 mirnas 4 interfere
3 directly 4 interfere
4 interfere 5 with
4 interfere 13 as
5 with 6 ros
6 ros 10 expression
7 - 10 expression
8 scavenging 9 gene
9 gene 10 expression
10 expression 11 ,
12 such 13 as
13 as 15 and
14 txnl1 15 and
15 and 16 gpx3

upregulation of mir10b and mir23b is sufficient to induce atsc cell apoptosis via p38 mapk phosphorylation and caspase 3 activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 upregulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 upregulation 2 of
1 upregulation 6 is
2 of 4 and
3 mir10b 4 and
4 and 5 mir23b
6 is 7 sufficient
7 sufficient 8 to
8 to 9 induce
9 induce 12 apoptosis
9 induce 13 via
10 atsc 12 apoptosis
11 cell 12 apoptosis
13 via 17 and
14 p38 16 phosphorylation
15 mapk 16 phosphorylation
16 phosphorylation 17 and
17 and 20 activation
18 caspase 19 3
18 caspase 20 activation

in addition , ago2 overexpression or interference by mir10b and mir23b expression in atscs partially rescued [h] ( 2 ) [o] ( 2 [ )(/ros - mediated apoptotic cell death by upregulating the expression of txnl2 , junk , caspase [-] 3 , and cytochrome c [.] nuclear ago2 - mediated mir10b and mir23b downregulation also allows cells to escape senescence , which results in telomerase reverse transcriptase , stemness overexpression , and improved self - renewal and differentiation through wnt5a/β - catenin activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 5 overexpression
3 , 6 or
4 ago2 5 overexpression
6 or 12 expression
6 or 13 in
7 interference 8 by
7 interference 10 and
8 by 9 mir10b
10 and 11 mir23b
10 and 12 expression
13 in 14 atscs
14 atscs 16 rescued
14 atscs 19 2
14 atscs 26 -
15 partially 16 rescued
18 ( 19 2
19 2 20 )
22 ( 26 -
23 2 25 )(/ros
25 )(/ros 26 -
26 - 30 death
27 mediated 30 death
28 apoptotic 29 cell
29 cell 30 death
30 death 31 by
30 death 35 of
31 by 32 upregulating
32 upregulating 34 expression
33 the 34 expression
35 of 38 junk
36 txnl2 38 junk
37 , 38 junk
38 junk 39 ,
38 junk 50 -
39 , 50 -
40 caspase 42 3
40 caspase 44 and
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 cytochrome
44 and 49 ago2
45 cytochrome 46 c
48 nuclear 49 ago2
49 ago2 50 -
50 - 53 and
51 mediated 52 mir10b
52 mir10b 53 and
53 and 54 mir23b
53 and 55 downregulation
53 and 57 allows
53 and 65 in
55 downregulation 57 allows
56 also 57 allows
57 allows 58 cells
57 allows 59 to
59 to 60 escape
60 escape 61 senescence
61 senescence 63 which
62 , 63 which
63 which 64 results
65 in 73 and
66 telomerase 67 reverse
67 reverse 68 transcriptase
68 transcriptase 69 ,
69 , 71 overexpression
69 , 73 and
70 stemness 71 overexpression
72 , 73 and
73 and 75 self
73 and 78 and
74 improved 75 self
76 - 78 and
77 renewal 78 and
78 and 79 differentiation
78 and 84 activation
78 and 85 .
79 differentiation 80 through
80 through 81 wnt5a/β
82 - 84 activation
83 catenin 84 activation
84 activation 85 .

argonaute 2 expression is critical for stem cells to escape senescence by downregulating mir10b and mir23b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 argonaute 2 2
1 argonaute 3 expression
3 expression 4 is
4 is 15 and
5 critical 6 for
5 critical 12 by
5 critical 15 and
6 for 8 cells
7 stem 8 cells
8 cells 9 to
9 to 11 senescence
10 escape 11 senescence
12 by 13 downregulating
13 downregulating 14 mir10b
15 and 16 mir23b

the ago2 - binding gene selenoprotein n1 ( sepn1 ) was also effectively involved in atsc survival and self - renewal through ros - mediated p38 mapk inactivation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ago2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 ago2
2 ago2 4 binding
2 ago2 11 was
3 - 4 binding
4 binding 7 n1
4 binding 10 )
5 gene 6 selenoprotein
6 selenoprotein 7 n1
7 n1 9 sepn1
8 ( 9 sepn1
9 sepn1 10 )
11 was 12 also
11 was 14 involved
13 effectively 14 involved
14 involved 15 in
15 in 28 inactivation
16 atsc 17 survival
17 survival 18 and
18 and 19 self
18 and 21 renewal
18 and 25 mediated
20 - 21 renewal
21 renewal 22 through
21 renewal 24 -
22 through 23 ros
25 mediated 28 inactivation
26 p38 28 inactivation
27 mapk 28 inactivation

this article sits at the nexus between two bodies of work , gerontology and migration research , both of which have theorised the body as the locus of stigma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 sits
3 sits 4 at
3 sits 7 between
4 at 6 nexus
5 the 6 nexus
7 between 9 bodies
8 two 9 bodies
9 bodies 10 of
10 of 11 work
12 , 29 stigma
13 gerontology 14 and
14 and 16 research
14 and 17 ,
14 and 18 both
14 and 28 of
14 and 29 stigma
15 migration 16 research
18 both 19 of
18 both 21 have
19 of 20 which
21 have 22 theorised
22 theorised 24 body
22 theorised 25 as
23 the 24 body
25 as 27 locus
26 the 27 locus
27 locus 28 of

gerontologists , [while] acknowledging the significance of perceptions of the ageing body for engagement and participation in society , have often evaded direct engagement with physical and medical understandings of older bodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gerontologists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 gerontologists 4 acknowledging
1 gerontologists 20 have
2 , 4 acknowledging
4 acknowledging 6 significance
4 acknowledging 13 for
4 acknowledging 19 ,
5 the 6 significance
6 significance 7 of
6 significance 9 of
7 of 8 perceptions
9 of 12 body
10 the 12 body
11 ageing 12 body
13 for 15 and
14 engagement 15 and
15 and 16 participation
15 and 17 in
17 in 18 society
20 have 24 engagement
20 have 25 with
21 often 22 evaded
22 evaded 24 engagement
23 direct 24 engagement
25 with 27 and
26 physical 27 and
27 and 29 understandings
27 and 30 of
28 medical 29 understandings
30 of 32 bodies
31 older 32 bodies

in parallel , research which focuses on migration , race and the body has focused on how the migrant body is stigmatised both because of its somatic markers [and] because of the status of the frail older people whom they tend . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 race
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 4 research
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 race
2 parallel 3 ,
2 parallel 4 research
4 research 5 which
4 research 6 focuses
5 which 6 focuses
6 focuses 7 on
7 on 8 migration
11 and 13 body
11 and 15 focused
12 the 13 body
13 body 14 has
14 has 15 focused
15 focused 16 on
15 focused 24 because
15 focused 30 because
16 on 17 how
17 how 20 body
17 how 22 stigmatised
18 the 20 body
19 migrant 20 body
20 body 21 is
21 is 22 stigmatised
22 stigmatised 23 both
24 because 25 of
25 of 28 markers
26 its 28 markers
27 somatic 28 markers
30 because 31 of
31 of 33 status
32 the 33 status
33 status 34 of
34 of 38 people
35 the 38 people
36 frail 38 people
37 older 38 people
38 people 39 whom
38 people 41 tend
39 whom 40 they
39 whom 41 tend
40 they 41 tend

drawing on oral history interviews with uk born and south asian overseas - trained geriatricians , the article argues that the two bodies , which are usually seen in negative ways , came together in meaningful ways in the development of the specialty of geriatric medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 drawing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 drawing 2 on
1 drawing 4 history
1 drawing 5 interviews
3 oral 4 history
5 interviews 6 with
6 with 9 and
6 with 15 geriatricians
7 uk 8 born
7 uk 9 and
9 and 11 asian
10 south 11 asian
12 overseas 13 -
12 overseas 15 geriatricians
14 trained 15 geriatricians
16 , 18 article
16 , 19 argues
17 the 18 article
18 article 19 argues
19 argues 20 that
20 that 23 bodies
20 that 33 came
21 the 22 two
22 two 23 bodies
23 bodies 25 which
23 bodies 33 came
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 are
25 which 32 ,
26 are 28 seen
27 usually 28 seen
28 seen 29 in
29 in 31 ways
30 negative 31 ways
33 came 34 together
33 came 35 in
33 came 38 in
35 in 37 ways
36 meaningful 37 ways
38 in 40 development
39 the 40 development
40 development 41 of
41 of 43 specialty
42 the 43 specialty
43 specialty 44 of
44 of 46 medicine
45 geriatric 46 medicine

thinking of the body as an assemblage with many elements , some of which are stigmatised but which can nevertheless be recuperated , helps us to think beyond [stigma] [in] the context of body work . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 thinking 2 of
1 thinking 5 as
1 thinking 8 with
1 thinking 11 ,
1 thinking 12 some
2 of 4 body
3 the 4 body
5 as 7 assemblage
6 an 7 assemblage
8 with 10 elements
9 many 10 elements
12 some 13 of
12 some 15 are
13 of 14 which
15 are 16 stigmatised
17 but 18 which
17 but 23 ,
18 which 19 can
19 can 21 be
20 nevertheless 21 be
21 be 23 ,
22 recuperated 23 ,
23 , 24 helps
24 helps 25 us
24 helps 26 to
24 helps 27 think
26 to 27 think
27 think 28 beyond
28 beyond 32 context
31 the 32 context
32 context 33 of
33 of 35 work
34 body 35 work

health lifestyles are collective patterns of health risk behaviour that develop within a social habitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lifestyles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 health 2 lifestyles
2 lifestyles 3 are
3 are 5 patterns
4 collective 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 of
5 patterns 10 that
5 patterns 11 develop
6 of 9 behaviour
7 health 9 behaviour
8 risk 9 behaviour
10 that 11 develop
11 develop 12 within
12 within 15 habitus
13 a 14 social
13 a 15 habitus
14 social 15 habitus

an important area for research is the extent to which health lifestyles become more individualised over time and as people age , or whether health lifestyles remain socially structured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 structured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 an 2 important
1 an 3 area
2 important 3 area
3 area 4 for
3 area 6 is
4 for 5 research
6 is 8 extent
7 the 8 extent
8 extent 9 to
8 extent 16 over
9 to 10 which
9 to 12 lifestyles
9 to 13 become
11 health 12 lifestyles
12 lifestyles 13 become
13 become 15 individualised
14 more 15 individualised
16 over 17 time
18 and 26 lifestyles
18 and 27 remain
19 as 25 health
19 as 26 lifestyles
20 people 25 health
21 age 23 or
22 , 23 or
23 or 24 whether
23 or 25 health
26 lifestyles 27 remain
27 remain 29 structured
28 socially 29 structured

this article presents findings from a [multiple] correspondence analysis of the british regional heart study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 presents
3 presents 4 findings
4 findings 5 from
5 from 9 analysis
6 a 9 analysis
8 correspondence 9 analysis
9 analysis 10 of
10 of 15 study
11 the 12 british
12 british 15 study
13 regional 14 heart
14 heart 15 study

our findings suggest that smoking and alcohol use retain a strong class patterning as men age ( suggesting some support for the long - term importance of social structures in old age ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 and
4 that 9 retain
5 smoking 6 and
6 and 8 use
7 alcohol 8 use
9 retain 12 class
9 retain 18 suggesting
10 a 11 strong
10 a 12 class
11 strong 12 class
12 class 13 patterning
13 patterning 14 as
13 patterning 16 age
14 as 15 men
17 ( 18 suggesting
18 suggesting 20 support
18 suggesting 30 in
18 suggesting 33 )
19 some 20 support
20 support 21 for
21 for 26 importance
22 the 26 importance
23 long 24 -
23 long 25 term
25 term 26 importance
26 importance 27 of
27 of 29 structures
28 social 29 structures
30 in 32 age
31 old 32 age

this indicates that , in later life , some forms of class - related health lifestyles become fixed or ['] locked in ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
1 this 2 indicates
2 indicates 3 that
2 indicates 5 in
4 , 5 in
5 in 7 life
5 in 13 -
6 later 7 life
7 life 10 forms
8 , 10 forms
9 some 10 forms
10 forms 11 of
10 forms 13 -
11 of 12 class
13 - 14 related
14 related 15 health
14 related 24 .
15 health 16 lifestyles
15 health 21 locked
16 lifestyles 19 or
17 become 18 fixed
17 become 19 or
19 or 21 locked
21 locked 22 in

in contrast there is evidence to suggest that , for exercise , class becomes less important as people age ( suggesting either some support for growing individualisation and [or] important ageing effects ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 2 contrast
2 contrast 3 there
2 contrast 4 is
4 is 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 to
5 evidence 17 as
5 evidence 19 age
5 evidence 21 suggesting
6 to 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 13 class
8 that 14 becomes
9 , 10 for
10 for 11 exercise
10 for 12 ,
10 for 13 class
13 class 14 becomes
14 becomes 16 important
15 less 16 important
17 as 18 people
20 ( 21 suggesting
21 suggesting 22 either
21 suggesting 28 and
21 suggesting 33 )
23 some 28 and
24 support 25 for
24 support 28 and
25 for 26 growing
26 growing 27 individualisation
28 and 32 effects
30 important 31 ageing
31 ageing 32 effects

further studies are required to examine different forms of health lifestyle in later life in relation to forms of cultural and economic capital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 required
4 required 5 to
4 required 6 examine
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 8 forms
6 examine 12 in
6 examine 17 to
7 different 8 forms
8 forms 9 of
9 of 11 lifestyle
10 health 11 lifestyle
12 in 14 life
13 later 14 life
15 in 16 relation
16 relation 17 to
17 to 18 forms
18 forms 19 of
19 of 23 capital
20 cultural 21 and
21 and 22 economic
21 and 23 capital

this study provides evidence in support of attempts to theorise health lifestyles in terms of collectivities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 4 evidence
3 provides 5 in
5 in 6 support
6 support 7 of
6 support 15 of
7 of 8 attempts
8 attempts 9 to
8 attempts 10 theorise
9 to 10 theorise
10 theorise 12 lifestyles
10 theorise 13 in
11 health 12 lifestyles
13 in 14 terms
15 of 16 collectivities

furthermore , the concept of [selective] [lifestyle] ['] [lock] - in ['] may be a useful way of understanding the relationship between class and health lifestyles in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 concept
3 the 4 concept
4 concept 5 of
4 concept 13 may
5 of 11 in
10 - 11 in
13 may 14 be
14 be 17 way
15 a 17 way
16 useful 17 way
17 way 18 of
18 of 19 understanding
19 understanding 21 relationship
19 understanding 27 in
20 the 21 relationship
21 relationship 22 between
22 between 24 and
23 class 24 and
24 and 26 lifestyles
25 health 26 lifestyles
27 in 29 age
28 old 29 age

objectives : according to most existing models , a computer is usually needed [for] predicting stroke outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 to
3 according 4 to
4 to 7 models
5 most 6 existing
6 existing 7 models
8 , 17 outcome
9 a 10 computer
10 computer 11 is
11 is 12 usually
12 usually 13 needed
13 needed 17 outcome
15 predicting 17 outcome
16 stroke 17 outcome

our purpose was to construct a simple and reliable prognostic scale not requiring the use of a calculating machine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 construct
4 to 5 construct
5 construct 11 scale
6 a 11 scale
7 simple 8 and
8 and 9 reliable
8 and 11 scale
10 prognostic 11 scale
11 scale 12 not
12 not 13 requiring
13 requiring 15 use
14 the 15 use
15 use 16 of
16 of 19 machine
17 a 18 calculating
17 a 19 machine
18 calculating 19 machine

materials and methods : the scale [ the bologna outcome algorithm for stroke ( boas ) ] was obtained in 221 patients with ischemic stroke [not] undergoing thrombolysis and was then validated in a test group of 100 different patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 scale
4 : 32 validated
4 : 41 .
5 the 6 scale
6 scale 11 algorithm
6 scale 29 and
7 [ 11 algorithm
8 the 11 algorithm
9 bologna 10 outcome
10 outcome 11 algorithm
11 algorithm 12 for
11 algorithm 17 ]
12 for 13 stroke
13 stroke 15 boas
14 ( 15 boas
15 boas 16 )
18 was 19 obtained
18 was 29 and
19 obtained 20 in
19 obtained 23 with
20 in 22 patients
21 221 22 patients
23 with 28 thrombolysis
24 ischemic 28 thrombolysis
25 stroke 28 thrombolysis
27 undergoing 28 thrombolysis
29 and 30 was
30 was 32 validated
31 then 32 validated
32 validated 33 in
33 in 36 group
34 a 36 group
35 test 36 group
36 group 37 of
37 of 40 patients
38 100 40 patients
39 different 40 patients

outcome was assessed at 9 months as the number of dependent or dead patients ( modified rankin [scale] - mrs [>] 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 outcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
1 outcome 2 was
2 was 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 at
3 assessed 7 as
4 at 6 months
5 9 6 months
7 as 14 patients
8 the 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 14 patients
10 of 14 patients
11 dependent 12 or
12 or 13 dead
12 or 14 patients
14 patients 17 rankin
15 ( 17 rankin
16 modified 17 rankin
17 rankin 20 mrs
17 rankin 24 .
19 - 20 mrs
20 mrs 22 2
20 mrs 23 )

results : by a preliminary systematic univariate analysis , 25 of 415 baseline variables were found to be associated with a mrs > 2 independently of stroke severity and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 by
3 by 8 analysis
4 a 5 preliminary
4 a 8 analysis
5 preliminary 8 analysis
6 systematic 8 analysis
7 univariate 8 analysis
9 , 10 25
9 , 29 and
10 25 11 of
10 25 15 were
11 of 14 variables
12 415 13 baseline
13 baseline 14 variables
15 were 29 and
16 found 17 to
16 found 23 >
16 found 29 and
17 to 18 be
17 to 23 >
18 be 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 mrs
21 a 22 mrs
23 > 24 2
23 > 25 independently
25 independently 26 of
26 of 28 severity
27 stroke 28 severity
29 and 30 age

subsequent multivariable analyses led to a final model based on five dichotomous risk factors ( rf ) : national institutes of health stroke scale score ≥10 , age ≥78 , need of urinary catheter , oxygen administration , and persistence of upper limb paralysis at discharge [from] stroke unit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 subsequent 3 analyses
2 multivariable 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 led
4 led 5 to
5 to 8 model
6 a 7 final
6 a 8 model
7 final 8 model
8 model 9 based
8 model 16 rf
9 based 10 on
10 on 14 factors
11 five 14 factors
12 dichotomous 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 ( 16 rf
16 rf 17 )
18 : 26 ≥10
18 : 27 ,
19 national 25 score
20 institutes 21 of
20 institutes 25 score
21 of 24 scale
22 health 23 stroke
23 stroke 24 scale
25 score 26 ≥10
27 , 28 age
27 , 35 ,
28 age 31 need
29 ≥78 30 ,
29 ≥78 31 need
31 need 32 of
32 of 34 catheter
33 urinary 34 catheter
35 , 49 unit
36 oxygen 37 administration
37 administration 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 persistence
39 and 45 at
39 and 49 unit
40 persistence 41 of
41 of 44 paralysis
42 upper 43 limb
43 limb 44 paralysis
45 at 46 discharge
48 stroke 49 unit

the patients with two or more rf ( 53 % ) had a [mrs] > 2 in 91 % of cases and were dead in 42 % of cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 rf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 5 or
3 with 4 two
5 or 6 more
5 or 7 rf
7 rf 10 %
7 rf 22 and
8 ( 10 %
9 53 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 had 15 >
12 had 17 in
12 had 22 and
13 a 15 >
15 > 16 2
17 in 19 %
18 91 19 %
19 % 20 of
20 of 21 cases
22 and 23 were
23 were 24 dead
24 dead 25 in
24 dead 28 of
25 in 27 %
26 42 27 %
28 of 29 cases

with 0 - 1 rf , the two percentages were 24 [%] and 2 % , respectively [(] overall accuracy of [prediction] 83.9 % , area under roc [curve] [ auc ] [0.891] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 percentages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 with 5 rf
1 with 6 ,
1 with 9 percentages
2 0 3 -
3 - 4 1
3 - 5 rf
7 the 8 two
8 two 9 percentages
9 percentages 10 were
10 were 15 %
11 24 13 and
13 and 14 2
13 and 15 %
15 % 20 accuracy
16 , 17 respectively
16 , 20 accuracy
19 overall 20 accuracy
20 accuracy 21 of
20 accuracy 34 )
21 of 24 %
23 83.9 24 %
24 % 26 area
25 , 26 area
26 area 27 under
26 area 32 ]
27 under 31 auc
28 roc 31 auc
30 [ 31 auc
31 auc 32 ]

in the test group , the accuracy was 79.0 % and the auc was 0.839 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 4 group
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 accuracy
2 the 4 group
3 test 4 group
6 the 7 accuracy
7 accuracy 8 was
8 was 10 %
9 79.0 10 %
11 and 13 auc
11 and 14 was
12 the 13 auc
13 auc 14 was
14 was 15 0.839

conclusions : the need of urinary catheter , oxygen administration , and persistence of upper limb paralysis , together with stroke severity and advanced age , allow a simple and accurate prediction of dependency or death [after] ischemic stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 and
2 : 27 allow
2 : 40 .
3 the 4 need
4 need 5 of
4 need 8 ,
5 of 7 catheter
6 urinary 7 catheter
8 , 10 administration
8 , 12 and
9 oxygen 10 administration
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 persistence
12 and 27 allow
13 persistence 14 of
14 of 17 paralysis
15 upper 16 limb
16 limb 17 paralysis
17 paralysis 20 with
18 , 20 with
19 together 20 with
20 with 23 and
20 with 26 ,
21 stroke 22 severity
22 severity 23 and
23 and 25 age
24 advanced 25 age
27 allow 35 or
28 a 32 prediction
29 simple 30 and
30 and 31 accurate
30 and 32 prediction
32 prediction 33 of
32 prediction 35 or
33 of 34 dependency
35 or 39 stroke
36 death 39 stroke
38 ischemic 39 stroke

the increase in the average lifespan and the consequent proportional growth of the elderly segment of society has furthered the interest in studying ageing processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 furthered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 increase
2 increase 3 in
2 increase 12 of
2 increase 18 has
3 in 7 and
4 the 6 lifespan
5 average 6 lifespan
6 lifespan 7 and
7 and 11 growth
8 the 11 growth
9 consequent 11 growth
10 proportional 11 growth
12 of 15 segment
13 the 15 segment
14 elderly 15 segment
15 segment 16 of
16 of 17 society
18 has 19 furthered
19 furthered 21 interest
20 the 21 interest
21 interest 22 in
21 interest 24 ageing
21 interest 25 processes
22 in 23 studying
24 ageing 25 processes

ageing may be considered a multifactorial process derived from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors including lifestyle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 ageing 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 considered
4 considered 7 process
4 considered 9 from
4 considered 12 between
5 a 7 process
6 multifactorial 7 process
7 process 8 derived
9 from 11 interaction
10 the 11 interaction
12 between 16 factors
13 genetic 14 and
14 and 15 environmental
14 and 16 factors
16 factors 17 including
17 including 18 lifestyle

this review will address the current understanding of the relationship between ageing and several factors both genetics and life style related . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 4 address
4 address 7 understanding
4 address 11 between
5 the 7 understanding
6 current 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 10 relationship
9 the 10 relationship
11 between 13 and
12 ageing 13 and
13 and 15 factors
14 several 15 factors
16 both 17 genetics
17 genetics 18 and
18 and 20 style
18 and 21 related
19 life 20 style

firstly we focused on the most reliable and commonly shared theories which attempt to explain the phenomenon of ageing as the genetic , cellular , neuroendocrine , immunological and free - radicals related theories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 firstly 2 we
2 we 3 focused
3 focused 4 on
3 focused 8 and
3 focused 20 as
4 on 6 most
5 the 6 most
7 reliable 8 and
8 and 11 theories
8 and 12 which
8 and 13 attempt
9 commonly 10 shared
10 shared 11 theories
12 which 13 attempt
13 attempt 14 to
13 attempt 17 phenomenon
14 to 15 explain
16 the 17 phenomenon
17 phenomenon 18 of
18 of 19 ageing
20 as 26 neuroendocrine
21 the 26 neuroendocrine
22 genetic 23 ,
22 genetic 26 neuroendocrine
24 cellular 25 ,
24 cellular 26 neuroendocrine
26 neuroendocrine 29 and
27 , 29 and
28 immunological 29 and
29 and 30 free
29 and 31 -
31 - 32 radicals
31 - 33 related
31 - 35 .
32 radicals 33 related
33 related 34 theories

many studies have shown that most of the phenotypic characteristics observed in the aging process are the result of the occurrence , with age , of a low grade chronic pro - inflammatory status called " inflammaging " , partially under genetic control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 many 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 10 characteristics
5 that 16 are
6 most 7 of
6 most 10 characteristics
7 of 10 characteristics
8 the 10 characteristics
9 phenotypic 10 characteristics
10 characteristics 11 observed
10 characteristics 16 are
11 observed 12 in
12 in 15 process
13 the 15 process
14 aging 15 process
16 are 18 result
16 are 40 partially
16 are 41 under
17 the 18 result
18 result 19 of
19 of 21 occurrence
20 the 21 occurrence
21 occurrence 23 with
21 occurrence 26 of
22 , 23 with
23 with 24 age
23 with 25 ,
26 of 31 pro
27 a 28 low
27 a 31 pro
28 low 29 grade
29 grade 31 pro
30 chronic 31 pro
31 pro 34 status
32 - 34 status
33 inflammatory 34 status
34 status 35 called
34 status 39 ,
35 called 36 "
35 called 37 inflammaging
37 inflammaging 38 "
41 under 43 control
42 genetic 43 control

the term [indicate] that aging is accompanied by a low degree of chronic inflammatory , [an] up - regulation of inflammatory [response] and that inflammatory changes are common to many age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 the 2 term
2 term 5 aging
2 term 6 is
4 that 5 aging
6 is 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
8 by 19 regulation
9 a 10 low
9 a 11 degree
10 low 11 degree
11 degree 12 of
11 degree 19 regulation
12 of 19 regulation
13 chronic 19 regulation
14 inflammatory 15 ,
14 inflammatory 19 regulation
17 up 18 -
17 up 19 regulation
19 regulation 20 of
19 regulation 30 many
19 regulation 31 age
20 of 23 and
21 inflammatory 23 and
23 and 24 that
23 and 26 changes
23 and 29 to
25 inflammatory 26 changes
26 changes 27 are
27 are 28 common
28 common 29 to
30 many 31 age
32 - 34 diseases
32 - 35 .
33 related 34 diseases

in this review special attention was dedicated to diseases related to age as atherosclerosis , cancer and alzheimer disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 dedicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 5 attention
2 this 3 review
4 special 5 attention
5 attention 6 was
6 was 7 dedicated
7 dedicated 8 to
7 dedicated 11 to
8 to 9 diseases
9 diseases 10 related
11 to 12 age
12 age 13 as
13 as 17 and
14 atherosclerosis 15 ,
15 , 16 cancer
15 , 17 and
17 and 19 disease
18 alzheimer 19 disease

despite the fact that in recent years many theories about ageing have been developed , we are still far from a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying the ageing process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 despite 3 fact
1 despite 15 ,
1 despite 16 we
2 the 3 fact
3 fact 4 that
4 that 9 theories
4 that 14 developed
5 in 7 years
5 in 9 theories
6 recent 7 years
8 many 9 theories
9 theories 10 about
9 theories 12 have
10 about 11 ageing
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 developed
14 developed 15 ,
16 we 17 are
17 are 18 still
17 are 19 far
18 still 19 far
19 far 20 from
20 from 23 understanding
21 a 22 full
21 a 23 understanding
22 full 23 understanding
23 understanding 24 of
24 of 26 mechanisms
25 the 26 mechanisms
26 mechanisms 27 underlying
27 underlying 30 process
28 the 30 process
29 ageing 30 process

background and objectives : intravenous paracetamol ( n - acetyl - paraminophenol , acetaminophen ) is a widely used nonopioid analgesic which has become popular in the treatment of pain in many patient groups , including the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
3 objectives 4 :
4 : 6 paracetamol
5 intravenous 6 paracetamol
6 paracetamol 8 n
7 ( 8 n
8 n 9 -
9 - 10 acetyl
9 - 16 is
10 acetyl 12 paraminophenol
10 acetyl 14 acetaminophen
10 acetyl 16 is
11 - 12 paraminophenol
12 paraminophenol 13 ,
13 , 14 acetaminophen
14 acetaminophen 15 )
16 is 21 analgesic
16 is 26 in
16 is 31 in
17 a 21 analgesic
18 widely 19 used
19 used 20 nonopioid
20 nonopioid 21 analgesic
21 analgesic 22 which
21 analgesic 23 has
22 which 23 has
23 has 24 become
24 become 25 popular
26 in 28 treatment
27 the 28 treatment
28 treatment 29 of
29 of 30 pain
31 in 34 groups
32 many 34 groups
33 patient 34 groups
34 groups 36 including
35 , 36 including
36 including 38 elderly
36 including 39 .
37 the 38 elderly

although intravenous paracetamol has been studied widely in clinical analgesia studies , there is little information on its pharmacokinetics in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 3 paracetamol
1 although 6 studied
1 although 12 ,
1 although 13 there
2 intravenous 3 paracetamol
3 paracetamol 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 studied
6 studied 7 widely
6 studied 8 in
8 in 11 studies
9 clinical 10 analgesia
10 analgesia 11 studies
13 there 14 is
14 is 16 information
15 little 16 information
16 information 17 on
17 on 19 pharmacokinetics
18 its 19 pharmacokinetics
19 pharmacokinetics 20 in
20 in 22 elderly
21 the 22 elderly

we designed this study to determine the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in very old patients and to compare them with that of younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 16 and
2 designed 4 study
2 designed 5 to
2 designed 6 determine
2 designed 16 and
3 this 4 study
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 8 pharmacokinetics
6 determine 12 in
7 the 8 pharmacokinetics
8 pharmacokinetics 9 of
9 of 11 paracetamol
10 intravenous 11 paracetamol
12 in 15 patients
13 very 14 old
14 old 15 patients
16 and 17 to
16 and 18 compare
17 to 18 compare
18 compare 19 them
18 compare 20 with
20 with 21 that
21 that 22 of
22 of 24 patients
23 younger 24 patients

we also considered the effect of adenosine triphosphate - binding cassette g2 protein ( abcg2 ) [genotype] and renal function on paracetamol pharmacokinetics in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 3 considered
2 also 3 considered
3 considered 18 and
3 considered 23 pharmacokinetics
3 considered 24 in
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 18 and
6 of 8 triphosphate
7 adenosine 8 triphosphate
8 triphosphate 10 binding
9 - 10 binding
10 binding 13 protein
10 binding 16 )
11 cassette 13 protein
12 g2 13 protein
13 protein 15 abcg2
14 ( 15 abcg2
15 abcg2 16 )
18 and 20 function
18 and 21 on
19 renal 20 function
21 on 22 paracetamol
24 in 26 patients
25 these 26 patients

methods : we compared the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in four groups of ten patients , aged 20 - 40 , 60 - 70 , 70 - 80 and 80 - 90 years , undergoing orthopaedic surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 16 ,
3 we 16 ,
4 compared 6 pharmacokinetics
4 compared 10 in
4 compared 16 ,
5 the 6 pharmacokinetics
6 pharmacokinetics 7 of
7 of 9 paracetamol
8 intravenous 9 paracetamol
10 in 12 groups
11 four 12 groups
12 groups 13 of
13 of 15 patients
14 ten 15 patients
16 , 17 aged
16 , 19 -
16 , 23 -
18 20 19 -
19 - 20 40
21 , 23 -
22 60 23 -
23 - 24 70
23 - 38 .
24 70 27 -
24 70 33 years
24 70 35 undergoing
25 , 27 -
26 70 27 -
27 - 29 and
27 - 31 -
28 80 29 and
29 and 30 80
31 - 33 years
32 90 33 years
33 years 34 ,
34 , 35 undergoing
35 undergoing 37 surgery
35 undergoing 38 .
36 orthopaedic 37 surgery

paracetamol 1000 [mg] was given by infusion over 15 minutes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 paracetamol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 paracetamol 2 1000
1 paracetamol 4 was
4 was 5 given
5 given 6 by
5 given 8 over
6 by 7 infusion
8 over 10 minutes
9 15 10 minutes

plasma concentrations of paracetamol and its glucuronide and sulphate conjugates were measured for 24 hours with a high - performance liquid chromatographic method and abcg2 genotype was determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 plasma 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 5 and
3 of 4 paracetamol
5 and 7 glucuronide
5 and 8 and
6 its 7 glucuronide
8 and 10 conjugates
8 and 11 were
9 sulphate 10 conjugates
11 were 12 measured
12 measured 13 for
13 for 15 hours
14 24 15 hours
15 hours 20 performance
15 hours 28 determined
16 with 18 high
16 with 19 -
16 with 20 performance
17 a 18 high
20 performance 24 and
20 performance 26 genotype
20 performance 27 was
21 liquid 23 method
22 chromatographic 23 method
23 method 24 and
24 and 25 abcg2
24 and 26 genotype
27 was 28 determined

glomerular filtration [rate] ( gfr ) was estimated from age , sex and serum creatinine of the patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 filtration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 glomerular 2 filtration
2 filtration 5 gfr
2 filtration 7 was
4 ( 5 gfr
5 gfr 6 )
7 was 8 estimated
8 estimated 9 from
9 from 13 and
10 age 11 ,
11 , 12 sex
11 , 13 and
13 and 15 creatinine
13 and 16 of
14 serum 15 creatinine
16 of 18 patient
17 the 18 patient

results : in the group aged 80 - 90 years , the mean value of the area under the plasma concentration - time [curve] extrapolated to infinity ( auc ( ∞ ) ) of paracetamol was 54 - 68 % higher than in the two youngest groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 23 time
3 in 5 group
4 the 5 group
5 group 6 aged
5 group 10 years
5 group 14 value
6 aged 7 80
8 - 10 years
9 90 10 years
10 years 11 ,
11 , 14 value
12 the 14 value
13 mean 14 value
14 value 15 of
14 value 22 -
15 of 17 area
16 the 17 area
17 area 18 under
18 under 21 concentration
19 the 21 concentration
20 plasma 21 concentration
23 time 25 extrapolated
23 time 34 of
25 extrapolated 26 to
26 to 27 infinity
27 infinity 29 auc
28 ( 29 auc
29 auc 31 ∞
29 auc 33 )
30 ( 31 ∞
31 ∞ 32 )
34 of 40 %
35 paracetamol 36 was
36 was 38 -
37 54 38 -
38 - 39 68
39 68 40 %
40 % 41 higher
41 higher 42 than
42 than 43 in
43 in 47 groups
44 the 45 two
45 two 46 youngest
45 two 47 groups

paracetamol clearance showed a statistically significant dependence on age group , [whereas] volume of distribution during elimination and elimination half - life were associated with age group and sex , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 clearance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 paracetamol 2 clearance
2 clearance 3 showed
3 showed 7 dependence
3 showed 20 half
4 a 5 statistically
4 a 7 dependence
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 7 dependence
7 dependence 8 on
8 on 18 and
9 age 10 group
10 group 11 ,
11 , 13 volume
11 , 18 and
13 volume 14 of
14 of 15 distribution
15 distribution 16 during
16 during 17 elimination
18 and 19 elimination
21 - 22 life
21 - 24 associated
22 life 23 were
23 were 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 31 respectively
25 with 28 and
26 age 27 group
27 group 28 and
28 and 29 sex
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 .

based on mean auc ( ∞ ) of paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate , the oldest patients had 1.3 - to 1.5 - fold greater exposure to these metabolites than patients aged 20 - 40 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 14 ,
1 based 17 patients
2 on 13 sulphate
3 mean 13 sulphate
4 auc 6 ∞
4 auc 8 of
4 auc 11 and
5 ( 6 ∞
6 ∞ 7 )
8 of 10 glucuronide
9 paracetamol 10 glucuronide
11 and 12 paracetamol
11 and 13 sulphate
15 the 16 oldest
15 the 17 patients
17 patients 18 had
18 had 36 years
19 1.3 21 to
19 1.3 24 fold
20 - 21 to
21 to 22 1.5
21 to 23 -
24 fold 26 exposure
24 fold 27 to
24 fold 30 than
25 greater 26 exposure
27 to 29 metabolites
28 these 29 metabolites
30 than 31 patients
31 patients 32 aged
32 aged 34 -
33 20 34 -
34 - 35 40
35 40 36 years

abcg2 [genotype] did not affect paracetamol pharmacokinetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abcg2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 abcg2 3 did
3 did 4 not
3 did 5 affect
5 affect 7 pharmacokinetics
6 paracetamol 7 pharmacokinetics

there was a linear correlation between the values of auc ( ∞ ) of paracetamol , its glucuronide and sulphate metabolites and gfr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 correlation
3 a 4 linear
3 a 5 correlation
4 linear 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 between
5 correlation 9 of
6 between 8 values
7 the 8 values
9 of 22 and
10 auc 12 ∞
10 auc 14 of
10 auc 16 ,
11 ( 12 ∞
12 ∞ 13 )
14 of 15 paracetamol
16 , 18 glucuronide
16 , 19 and
17 its 18 glucuronide
19 and 21 metabolites
19 and 22 and
20 sulphate 21 metabolites
22 and 23 gfr

conclusion : age and sex are important factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 6 are
2 : 14 .
3 age 4 and
4 and 5 sex
4 and 6 are
6 are 8 factors
7 important 8 factors
8 factors 9 affecting
9 affecting 11 pharmacokinetics
10 the 11 pharmacokinetics
11 pharmacokinetics 12 of
12 of 13 paracetamol

the higher the age [of] [the] patient , the higher [is] the exposure to paracetamol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 higher
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 higher
2 higher 3 the
2 higher 8 ,
2 higher 10 higher
3 the 7 patient
4 age 7 patient
9 the 10 higher
10 higher 12 the
10 higher 14 to
12 the 13 exposure
14 to 15 paracetamol

female sex is associated with increased paracetamol concentrations but abcg2 genotype does not seem to affect paracetamol pharmacokinetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 female
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 female 2 sex
1 female 3 is
1 female 4 associated
1 female 12 does
2 sex 3 is
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 paracetamol
6 increased 7 paracetamol
7 paracetamol 8 concentrations
7 paracetamol 11 genotype
8 concentrations 9 but
8 concentrations 11 genotype
9 but 10 abcg2
12 does 13 not
12 does 14 seem
14 seem 15 to
14 seem 16 affect
15 to 16 affect
16 affect 18 pharmacokinetics
17 paracetamol 18 pharmacokinetics

trial registration [number] ( eudract ) : 2006 - 001917 - 14 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 registration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 trial 2 registration
2 registration 5 eudract
2 registration 7 :
4 ( 5 eudract
5 eudract 6 )
7 : 8 2006
7 : 11 -
9 - 10 001917
10 001917 11 -
11 - 12 14

[none] none none intervention with interferon [-] β ( ifnβ ) therapy counters early inflammatory damage to myelin and protects axons ; such therapy might demonstrate greater efficacy earlier in the disease course compared [with] later when permanent damage has already occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 intervention
4 intervention 5 with
4 intervention 19 and
5 with 12 therapy
6 interferon 12 therapy
8 β 10 ifnβ
8 β 11 )
8 β 12 therapy
9 ( 10 ifnβ
10 ifnβ 11 )
13 counters 16 damage
13 counters 19 and
14 early 16 damage
15 inflammatory 16 damage
16 damage 17 to
17 to 18 myelin
19 and 20 protects
20 protects 21 axons
22 ; 24 therapy
22 ; 26 demonstrate
23 such 24 therapy
24 therapy 25 might
25 might 26 demonstrate
26 demonstrate 28 efficacy
26 demonstrate 29 earlier
26 demonstrate 30 in
27 greater 28 efficacy
30 in 33 course
31 the 33 course
32 disease 33 course
33 course 34 compared
34 compared 36 later
34 compared 37 when
37 when 39 damage
37 when 42 occurred
38 permanent 39 damage
39 damage 40 has
40 has 42 occurred
41 already 42 occurred

clinical trials conducted in patients with clinically isolated syndrome ( cis ) show clinical benefits of early treatment of multiple sclerosis [(] [ms] [ )(, as evidenced by delayed conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis and reduced disability 3 years later [;] [however] , statistical significance [is] lost at 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conducted
1 clinical 2 trials
2 trials 3 conducted
3 conducted 4 in
3 conducted 6 with
3 conducted 15 benefits
4 in 5 patients
6 with 9 syndrome
7 clinically 8 isolated
8 isolated 9 syndrome
9 syndrome 11 cis
10 ( 11 cis
11 cis 12 )
13 show 15 benefits
14 clinical 15 benefits
15 benefits 16 of
16 of 18 treatment
17 early 18 treatment
18 treatment 19 of
18 treatment 28 by
19 of 21 sclerosis
20 multiple 21 sclerosis
21 sclerosis 27 evidenced
25 )(, 27 evidenced
26 as 27 evidenced
28 by 36 and
29 delayed 30 conversion
29 delayed 31 to
29 delayed 36 and
31 to 35 sclerosis
32 clinically 33 definite
33 definite 34 multiple
34 multiple 35 sclerosis
36 and 37 reduced
37 reduced 38 disability
38 disability 41 later
38 disability 46 significance
39 3 40 years
40 years 41 later
44 , 46 significance
45 statistical 46 significance
46 significance 48 lost
46 significance 49 at
46 significance 52 .
49 at 51 years
50 5 51 years

moreover , in the cis trials , patients who began treatment later in the course [of] [ms] did not benefit as much as those who began treatment earlier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 patients
2 , 3 in
3 in 6 trials
3 in 7 ,
3 in 8 patients
4 the 6 trials
5 cis 6 trials
8 patients 9 who
8 patients 10 began
8 patients 18 did
9 who 10 began
10 began 11 treatment
10 began 12 later
10 began 13 in
13 in 15 course
14 the 15 course
18 did 19 not
18 did 20 benefit
20 benefit 22 much
20 benefit 23 as
21 as 22 much
23 as 24 those
24 those 25 who
24 those 26 began
25 who 26 began
26 began 27 treatment
26 began 28 earlier

in the treatment of relapsing - remitting multiple sclerosis ( rrms ) , immunomodulatory [drug] ( imd ) therapy markedly reduced relapse rates and the burden of disease , as assessed by mri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 treatment
1 in 19 therapy
2 the 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 of
4 of 5 relapsing
6 - 7 remitting
7 remitting 9 sclerosis
7 remitting 13 ,
7 remitting 19 therapy
8 multiple 9 sclerosis
9 sclerosis 11 rrms
10 ( 11 rrms
11 rrms 12 )
14 immunomodulatory 17 imd
14 immunomodulatory 19 therapy
16 ( 17 imd
17 imd 18 )
19 therapy 21 reduced
20 markedly 21 reduced
21 reduced 24 and
21 reduced 32 by
22 relapse 23 rates
23 rates 24 and
24 and 26 burden
24 and 27 of
25 the 26 burden
27 of 28 disease
28 disease 31 assessed
29 , 31 assessed
30 as 31 assessed
32 by 33 mri

ifnβ therapy has demonstrated greater benefits in rrms than in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis ( spms ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ifnβ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 ifnβ 2 therapy
1 ifnβ 3 has
1 ifnβ 4 demonstrated
2 therapy 3 has
4 demonstrated 6 benefits
4 demonstrated 7 in
4 demonstrated 9 than
5 greater 6 benefits
7 in 8 rrms
9 than 10 in
10 in 14 sclerosis
11 secondary 14 sclerosis
12 progressive 14 sclerosis
13 multiple 14 sclerosis
14 sclerosis 16 spms
15 ( 16 spms
16 spms 17 )

the spms trials consistently show reduction in relapse rates and accumulation of new mri lesions , but have conflicting results for time to disability progression , which is the primary outcome measure in spms trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 trials
2 spms 3 trials
3 trials 17 but
4 consistently 5 show
5 show 6 reduction
5 show 7 in
5 show 17 but
7 in 10 and
8 relapse 9 rates
9 rates 10 and
10 and 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
12 of 15 lesions
13 new 15 lesions
14 mri 15 lesions
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 have
18 have 20 results
19 conflicting 20 results
20 results 21 for
20 results 23 to
21 for 22 time
23 to 25 progression
24 disability 25 progression
26 , 27 which
26 , 32 measure
27 which 28 is
27 which 32 measure
28 is 31 outcome
28 is 32 measure
29 the 31 outcome
30 primary 31 outcome
32 measure 33 in
33 in 35 trials
34 spms 35 trials

current evidence suggests that ifnβ therapy may be more effective in the early stages of spms , characterized by relapsing episodes and mri evidence of greater brain lesion disease activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 current 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 therapy
4 that 17 ,
5 ifnβ 6 therapy
6 therapy 7 may
7 may 17 ,
8 be 9 more
8 be 10 effective
8 be 17 ,
10 effective 11 in
11 in 14 stages
12 the 14 stages
13 early 14 stages
14 stages 15 of
15 of 16 spms
17 , 18 characterized
17 , 19 by
19 by 22 and
20 relapsing 21 episodes
21 episodes 22 and
22 and 24 evidence
22 and 25 of
23 mri 24 evidence
25 of 30 activity
26 greater 29 disease
27 brain 29 disease
28 lesion 29 disease
29 disease 30 activity

thus , intervention with ifnβ therapy is appropriate for all stages of ms [except] ppms [or] [non] - relapsing spms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 intervention
3 intervention 4 with
3 intervention 7 is
4 with 6 therapy
5 ifnβ 6 therapy
7 is 8 appropriate
8 appropriate 9 for
9 for 11 stages
10 all 11 stages
11 stages 12 of
12 of 15 ppms
13 ms 15 ppms
18 - 20 spms
18 - 21 .
19 relapsing 20 spms

intervention with glatiramer [acetate] is appropriate for rrms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 intervention 2 with
1 intervention 5 is
2 with 3 glatiramer
5 is 6 appropriate
6 appropriate 7 for
7 for 8 rrms

the balance of evidence indicates that early therapy is essential to delay the accumulation of irreversible neurologic damage and consequent disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 balance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 balance
2 balance 3 of
2 balance 5 indicates
3 of 4 evidence
5 indicates 6 that
6 that 8 therapy
6 that 9 is
7 early 8 therapy
8 therapy 9 is
9 is 21 disability
10 essential 11 to
10 essential 19 and
11 to 12 delay
12 delay 14 accumulation
13 the 14 accumulation
14 accumulation 15 of
15 of 18 damage
16 irreversible 18 damage
17 neurologic 18 damage
19 and 20 consequent
19 and 21 disability

purpose : an increase in lens thickness is often described as a linear function of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 increase
2 : 10 described
2 : 17 .
3 an 4 increase
4 increase 5 in
4 increase 8 is
5 in 7 thickness
6 lens 7 thickness
8 is 10 described
9 often 10 described
10 described 11 as
11 as 14 function
12 a 13 linear
12 a 14 function
13 linear 14 function
14 function 15 of
15 of 16 age

however , contradictory opinions exist about whether the lens thickness continues to increase after 50 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 opinions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 opinions
3 contradictory 4 opinions
4 opinions 5 exist
5 exist 6 about
6 about 7 whether
7 whether 10 thickness
7 whether 11 continues
8 the 10 thickness
9 lens 10 thickness
10 thickness 11 continues
11 continues 12 to
11 continues 14 after
12 to 13 increase
14 after 16 years
15 50 16 years
16 years 17 of
17 of 18 age

differences in slope exist between this increase in younger and older people , but these findings are inconsistent with the linear behavior of an increase in the lens thickness throughout life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 4 exist
2 in 3 slope
4 exist 5 between
4 exist 8 in
5 between 7 increase
6 this 7 increase
8 in 12 people
9 younger 10 and
10 and 11 older
10 and 12 people
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 findings
14 but 17 are
15 these 16 findings
16 findings 17 are
17 are 18 inconsistent
18 inconsistent 19 with
18 inconsistent 26 in
18 inconsistent 30 throughout
19 with 22 behavior
20 the 22 behavior
21 linear 22 behavior
22 behavior 23 of
23 of 25 increase
24 an 25 increase
26 in 29 thickness
27 the 29 thickness
28 lens 29 thickness
30 throughout 31 life

we investigated among different functions , including slope variation , which would be the best to show the relation between lens thickness and age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 among
3 among 5 functions
4 different 5 functions
5 functions 7 including
6 , 7 including
7 including 9 variation
7 including 10 ,
8 slope 9 variation
10 , 11 which
10 , 13 be
11 which 12 would
12 would 13 be
13 be 15 best
14 the 15 best
15 best 16 to
15 best 17 show
16 to 17 show
17 show 19 relation
17 show 20 between
18 the 19 relation
20 between 23 and
21 lens 22 thickness
22 thickness 23 and
23 and 24 age

an available model portraying lens growth could be advantageous in many practical applications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 an 2 available
1 an 3 model
2 available 3 model
3 model 4 portraying
3 model 7 could
4 portraying 6 growth
5 lens 6 growth
7 could 8 be
8 be 9 advantageous
9 advantageous 10 in
10 in 13 applications
11 many 13 applications
12 practical 13 applications

the possibility of differences between sexes in lens thickness growth is also analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 possibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 possibility
2 possibility 3 of
2 possibility 11 is
3 of 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
5 between 6 sexes
6 sexes 7 in
7 in 10 growth
8 lens 10 growth
9 thickness 10 growth
11 is 13 analyzed
12 also 13 analyzed

methods : we evaluated 102 eyes of patients aged between 15 and 84 years : 41 men , 61 women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 evaluated
2 : 15 :
2 : 18 ,
3 we 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 6 eyes
4 evaluated 9 aged
5 102 6 eyes
6 eyes 7 of
6 eyes 9 aged
7 of 8 patients
9 aged 14 years
10 between 12 and
11 15 12 and
12 and 13 84
12 and 14 years
15 : 17 men
16 41 17 men
18 , 20 women
19 61 20 women

the biometric measurements were performed with the aid of the ocuscan® ( alcon , usa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 measurements
2 biometric 3 measurements
3 measurements 4 were
4 were 5 performed
5 performed 6 with
6 with 8 aid
7 the 8 aid
8 aid 9 of
9 of 11 ocuscan®
10 the 11 ocuscan®
11 ocuscan® 13 alcon
11 ocuscan® 15 usa
12 ( 13 alcon
13 alcon 14 ,
14 , 15 usa
15 usa 16 )

results : both logarithmic and potential functions provide a good fit for the data ( r2 = 0.905 and 0.906 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 7 functions
2 : 8 provide
3 both 7 functions
4 logarithmic 5 and
5 and 6 potential
5 and 7 functions
7 functions 8 provide
8 provide 11 fit
8 provide 22 respectively
9 a 10 good
9 a 11 fit
10 good 11 fit
11 fit 12 for
12 for 14 data
13 the 14 data
14 data 16 r2
15 ( 16 r2
16 r2 19 and
16 r2 21 ,
17 = 18 0.905
18 0.905 19 and
19 and 20 0.906
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 )

the results do not show significant differences between men and women in any age range , nor when the data of the whole sample are considered ( p = 0.29 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 do
3 do 4 not
3 do 5 show
5 show 17 nor
5 show 20 data
5 show 26 considered
6 significant 7 differences
7 differences 8 between
7 differences 10 and
8 between 9 men
10 and 11 women
10 and 16 ,
10 and 17 nor
11 women 12 in
12 in 15 range
13 any 15 range
14 age 15 range
17 nor 18 when
19 the 20 data
20 data 21 of
20 data 25 are
21 of 24 sample
22 the 24 sample
23 whole 24 sample
25 are 26 considered
26 considered 29 =
27 ( 29 =
28 p 29 =
29 = 30 0.29
29 = 31 )

conclusions : the best fits for the data are both logarithmic and double logarithmic functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 5 fits
2 : 9 are
3 the 4 best
3 the 5 fits
5 fits 6 for
5 fits 9 are
6 for 8 data
7 the 8 data
9 are 15 functions
10 both 15 functions
11 logarithmic 12 and
12 and 13 double
12 and 15 functions
14 logarithmic 15 functions

according to this model , lens growth continues throughout life , but after 50 years , age - related thickness variations are lower than statistical variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 model
2 to 5 ,
2 to 7 growth
3 this 4 model
6 lens 7 growth
7 growth 8 continues
8 continues 9 throughout
9 throughout 10 life
11 , 12 but
11 , 22 are
12 but 13 after
12 but 22 are
13 after 14 50
15 years 17 age
15 years 22 are
16 , 17 age
17 age 18 -
18 - 19 related
19 related 21 variations
19 related 22 are
20 thickness 21 variations
22 are 23 lower
23 lower 24 than
24 than 26 variability
25 statistical 26 variability

no differences were found between the sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 between
5 between 7 sexes
6 the 7 sexes

the costs and benefits of [arousal] in memory binding have been examined for younger adults but not for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 costs
2 costs 3 and
3 and 4 benefits
3 and 5 of
3 and 10 have
5 of 7 in
7 in 8 memory
8 memory 9 binding
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 examined
12 examined 16 but
13 for 15 adults
13 for 16 but
14 younger 15 adults
16 but 17 not
16 but 18 for
18 for 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

the present experiment examined [whether] [arousal] would enhance younger and older adults ' [within] - item [and] [between] - item memory binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 enhance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 experiment
2 present 3 experiment
3 experiment 4 examined
3 experiment 7 would
7 would 8 enhance
8 enhance 13 '
9 younger 10 and
10 and 11 older
10 and 12 adults
12 adults 13 '
15 - 16 item
15 - 19 -
19 - 21 memory
20 item 21 memory
21 memory 22 binding

the results revealed that arousal improved younger adults ' within [-] item memory binding but not that of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 revealed
3 revealed 9 '
3 revealed 10 within
4 that 5 arousal
5 arousal 8 adults
6 improved 8 adults
7 younger 8 adults
8 adults 9 '
10 within 13 memory
12 item 13 memory
13 memory 14 binding
13 memory 18 of
14 binding 15 but
15 but 16 not
15 but 17 that
18 of 20 adults
19 older 20 adults

arousal worsened both groups ' between [-] item memory binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 arousal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 worsened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 arousal 2 worsened
2 worsened 5 '
2 worsened 6 between
3 both 4 groups
4 groups 5 '
6 between 9 memory
8 item 9 memory
9 memory 10 binding

this research examines the effect of time of testing on adult age differences in resistance to interference , working memory , processing speed , and vocabulary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 research
2 research 3 examines
3 examines 5 effect
3 examines 10 on
3 examines 14 in
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
5 effect 8 of
6 of 7 time
8 of 9 testing
10 on 13 differences
11 adult 13 differences
12 age 13 differences
14 in 25 and
15 resistance 16 to
15 resistance 25 and
16 to 17 interference
17 interference 19 working
18 , 19 working
19 working 20 memory
19 working 22 processing
19 working 24 ,
21 , 22 processing
22 processing 23 speed
22 processing 24 ,
25 and 26 vocabulary

results show that time of testing modulates age - related differences only in the ability to resist automatic and prepotent responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 4 time
3 that 7 modulates
4 time 5 of
4 time 7 modulates
5 of 6 testing
7 modulates 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 differences
10 related 12 only
10 related 13 in
10 related 22 .
13 in 15 ability
14 the 15 ability
15 ability 16 to
15 ability 17 resist
16 to 17 resist
17 resist 19 and
17 resist 21 responses
18 automatic 19 and
19 and 20 prepotent

older adults tested in the afternoon were more susceptible to interference than young adults tested at the same time of the day , and than their peers tested in the morning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 tested
2 adults 7 were
3 tested 4 in
4 in 6 afternoon
5 the 6 afternoon
7 were 9 susceptible
8 more 9 susceptible
9 susceptible 10 to
9 susceptible 12 than
10 to 11 interference
12 than 24 and
13 young 14 adults
14 adults 15 tested
14 adults 24 and
15 tested 16 at
16 at 19 time
17 the 18 same
17 the 19 time
19 time 20 of
20 of 22 day
21 the 22 day
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 than
24 and 27 peers
26 their 27 peers
27 peers 28 tested
27 peers 29 in
29 in 31 morning
30 the 31 morning

in contrast , age - related differences in working memory , processing speed , and vocabulary were not modulated by time of the day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 5 -
1 in 15 and
2 contrast 4 age
3 , 4 age
4 age 5 -
6 related 7 differences
7 differences 8 in
7 differences 15 and
8 in 9 working
9 working 10 memory
9 working 12 processing
11 , 12 processing
12 processing 13 speed
12 processing 14 ,
15 and 16 vocabulary
15 and 17 were
17 were 18 not
17 were 20 by
18 not 19 modulated
20 by 21 time
21 time 22 of
22 of 24 day
23 the 24 day

our findings suggest that age - related modulation of performance as a function of the time of the day is specific to resistance to interference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 age
4 that 20 is
5 age 20 is
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 modulation
7 related 11 as
7 related 20 is
8 modulation 9 of
9 of 10 performance
11 as 13 function
12 a 13 function
13 function 14 of
14 of 16 time
15 the 16 time
16 time 17 of
17 of 19 day
18 the 19 day
20 is 21 specific
21 specific 22 to
21 specific 24 to
22 to 23 resistance
24 to 25 interference

young and old subjects were tested on their memory for paired - associate terms when cued with either facilitative or misleading word stems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 paired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 young 2 and
2 and 3 old
2 and 4 subjects
2 and 10 for
2 and 11 paired
4 subjects 5 were
5 were 6 tested
6 tested 7 on
6 tested 10 for
7 on 9 memory
8 their 9 memory
12 - 13 associate
12 - 24 .
13 associate 14 terms
13 associate 15 when
13 associate 17 with
15 when 16 cued
17 with 23 stems
18 either 20 or
19 facilitative 20 or
20 or 21 misleading
20 or 22 word
22 word 23 stems

after studying a long list of pairs [of] unrelated words ( e.g [.] , hair - turtle ) , recall of a particular target term was cued in a facilitative manner ( hair - tu _ _ _ _ [ )(or a misleading manner ( hair - ta _ _ _ _ ) . 
1 after 2 studying
1 after 10 words
2 studying 5 list
3 a 4 long
3 a 5 list
4 long 5 list
6 of 7 pairs
6 of 10 words
9 unrelated 10 words
10 words 15 hair
10 words 20 recall
11 ( 15 hair
12 e.g 14 ,
12 e.g 15 hair
15 hair 17 turtle
15 hair 19 ,
16 - 17 turtle
17 turtle 18 )
20 recall 25 term
20 recall 27 cued
21 of 24 target
21 of 25 term
22 a 24 target
23 particular 24 target
25 term 26 was
26 was 27 cued
27 cued 28 in
27 cued 34 -
28 in 31 manner
29 a 31 manner
30 facilitative 31 manner
32 ( 34 -
33 hair 34 -
34 - 41 )(or
35 tu 36 _
36 _ 39 _
37 _ 39 _
38 _ 39 _
39 _ 41 )(or
41 )(or 44 manner
41 )(or 46 hair
42 a 44 manner
43 misleading 44 manner
45 ( 46 hair
46 hair 52 _
46 hair 54 .
47 - 52 _
48 ta 52 _
49 _ 52 _
50 _ 52 _
51 _ 52 _
52 _ 53 )

the effects of these cues were assessed relative [to] [a] baseline condition in which levels of performance lay between the other two ( hair - [t] _ _ _ _ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 6 were
3 of 5 cues
4 these 5 cues
6 were 12 condition
7 assessed 12 condition
8 relative 11 baseline
11 baseline 12 condition
12 condition 13 in
13 in 14 which
13 in 15 levels
13 in 18 lay
15 levels 16 of
15 levels 18 lay
16 of 17 performance
18 lay 19 between
18 lay 22 two
19 between 21 other
20 the 21 other
22 two 24 hair
23 ( 24 hair
24 hair 30 _
24 hair 32 .
25 - 30 _
27 _ 30 _
28 _ 30 _
29 _ 30 _
30 _ 31 )

to interpret the age - related effects of the facilitative and misleading cues relative to baseline , the variance in differences between the baseline and the experimental conditions related to the overall baseline level was factored out , and age - related differences as a function of cue [were] assessed on the remaining variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 to 2 interpret
2 interpret 4 age
3 the 4 age
5 - 11 and
6 related 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 11 and
8 of 10 facilitative
9 the 10 facilitative
11 and 13 cues
11 and 14 relative
12 misleading 13 cues
14 relative 15 to
15 to 25 and
16 baseline 17 ,
17 , 19 variance
17 , 25 and
18 the 19 variance
19 variance 20 in
20 in 21 differences
21 differences 22 between
22 between 24 baseline
23 the 24 baseline
25 and 28 conditions
26 the 28 conditions
27 experimental 28 conditions
28 conditions 29 related
28 conditions 30 to
30 to 33 baseline
31 the 33 baseline
32 overall 33 baseline
33 baseline 34 level
33 baseline 40 age
33 baseline 43 differences
34 level 35 was
35 was 39 and
36 factored 37 out
36 factored 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 40 age
41 - 43 differences
42 related 43 differences
43 differences 44 as
43 differences 47 of
43 differences 51 on
43 differences 55 .
44 as 46 function
45 a 46 function
47 of 48 cue
48 cue 50 assessed
51 on 54 variability
52 the 54 variability
53 remaining 54 variability

this analysis revealed that the two age groups differed both in their ability to overcome the adverse effects of the misleading cue and also to take advantage of the benefits afforded by the facilitative cue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 8 groups
4 that 9 differed
5 the 6 two
6 two 8 groups
7 age 8 groups
8 groups 9 differed
9 differed 10 both
10 both 11 in
11 in 13 ability
12 their 13 ability
13 ability 14 to
13 ability 23 and
14 to 23 and
15 overcome 18 effects
15 overcome 23 and
16 the 18 effects
17 adverse 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 22 cue
20 the 22 cue
21 misleading 22 cue
23 and 25 to
23 and 31 afforded
23 and 32 by
24 also 25 to
25 to 26 take
26 take 27 advantage
27 advantage 28 of
28 of 30 benefits
29 the 30 benefits
32 by 35 cue
33 the 35 cue
34 facilitative 35 cue

this combination of results is consistent with the view that aging results in a loss of general strategic control , and not specifically inhibitory control , over the effects of retrieval cues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 combination
2 combination 3 of
2 combination 5 is
3 of 4 results
5 is 6 consistent
6 consistent 7 with
6 consistent 27 over
7 with 9 view
7 with 21 and
8 the 9 view
9 view 10 that
10 that 11 aging
10 that 12 results
11 aging 12 results
12 results 13 in
13 in 15 loss
14 a 15 loss
15 loss 16 of
16 of 17 general
18 strategic 19 control
19 control 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 not
21 and 25 control
21 and 26 ,
23 specifically 24 inhibitory
24 inhibitory 25 control
27 over 29 effects
28 the 29 effects
29 effects 30 of
30 of 32 cues
31 retrieval 32 cues

this study examined the impact of visually guided weight - shifting training on elderly women 's limits of stability during static leaning and dynamic swaying in different directions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 impact
4 the 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
6 of 9 weight
7 visually 8 guided
8 guided 9 weight
10 - 23 and
10 - 29 .
11 shifting 12 training
12 training 13 on
12 training 23 and
13 on 17 limits
14 elderly 15 women
15 women 16 's
16 's 17 limits
17 limits 18 of
18 of 19 stability
19 stability 20 during
20 during 22 leaning
21 static 22 leaning
23 and 24 dynamic
23 and 25 swaying
23 and 26 in
26 in 28 directions
27 different 28 directions

sixty - three elderly women were assigned into a group that practiced weight shifting ( 30 - min sessions , 3 sessions/week , 4 weeks ) either in the anterior/posterior or medio/lateral direction and a control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assigned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 sixty 2 -
2 - 3 three
2 - 5 women
4 elderly 5 women
5 women 6 were
6 were 7 assigned
7 assigned 8 into
8 into 10 group
9 a 10 group
10 group 11 that
10 group 12 practiced
11 that 12 practiced
12 practiced 13 weight
13 weight 14 shifting
14 shifting 17 -
14 shifting 27 either
14 shifting 28 in
15 ( 17 -
16 30 17 -
17 - 19 sessions
17 - 26 )
18 min 19 sessions
19 sessions 25 weeks
20 , 25 weeks
21 3 25 weeks
22 sessions/week 23 ,
22 sessions/week 25 weeks
24 4 25 weeks
25 weeks 26 )
28 in 30 anterior/posterior
29 the 30 anterior/posterior
31 or 34 and
31 or 37 group
32 medio/lateral 33 direction
33 direction 34 and
34 and 36 control
34 and 37 group
35 a 36 control

training resulted in a reduction of upper body rotation and an increase of shank rotation and center of pressure displacement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 training 2 resulted
2 resulted 3 in
3 in 5 reduction
4 a 5 reduction
5 reduction 6 of
6 of 16 and
7 upper 8 body
8 body 9 rotation
9 rotation 10 and
10 and 12 increase
10 and 13 of
10 and 16 and
11 an 12 increase
13 of 15 rotation
14 shank 15 rotation
16 and 17 center
16 and 18 of
18 of 20 displacement
19 pressure 20 displacement

it is concluded that weight [-] shifting practice increases the limits of stability and enhances the inverted pendulum pivoting of the human body during leaning and dynamic swaying balance tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 14 and
3 concluded 8 practice
3 concluded 9 increases
3 concluded 14 and
4 that 8 practice
5 weight 7 shifting
7 shifting 8 practice
8 practice 9 increases
9 increases 11 limits
10 the 11 limits
11 limits 12 of
12 of 13 stability
14 and 15 enhances
14 and 24 during
15 enhances 18 pendulum
16 the 18 pendulum
17 inverted 18 pendulum
18 pendulum 19 pivoting
18 pendulum 20 of
20 of 23 body
21 the 23 body
22 human 23 body
24 during 26 and
25 leaning 26 and
26 and 27 dynamic
26 and 28 swaying
28 swaying 30 tasks
29 balance 30 tasks

incidental task structure is consistent , potentially beneficial , information that is not necessary for successful task performance ( i.e [.] , is seemingly unrelated to the task [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 structure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 )(
1 incidental 2 task
2 task 3 structure
3 structure 4 is
4 is 5 consistent
6 , 10 information
6 , 23 is
7 potentially 10 information
8 beneficial 9 ,
8 beneficial 10 information
10 information 11 that
10 information 12 is
10 information 23 is
11 that 12 is
12 is 13 not
12 is 14 necessary
13 not 14 necessary
14 necessary 15 for
15 for 18 performance
16 successful 17 task
17 task 18 performance
18 performance 20 i.e
19 ( 20 i.e
20 i.e 22 ,
23 is 25 unrelated
24 seemingly 25 unrelated
25 unrelated 26 to
26 to 28 task
27 the 28 task

the authors investigated whether incidental task structure was differentially beneficial to younger and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 whether
4 whether 7 structure
4 whether 8 was
5 incidental 6 task
6 task 7 structure
7 structure 8 was
8 was 9 differentially
8 was 10 beneficial
10 beneficial 11 to
11 to 15 adults
12 younger 13 and
13 and 14 older
13 and 15 adults

across three experiments , 122 participants searched for targets among stimuli laid upon different patterns , such that certain patterns correlated with target location [at] varying degrees of consistency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 across 3 experiments
1 across 4 ,
1 across 6 participants
2 three 3 experiments
5 122 6 participants
6 participants 7 searched
7 searched 8 for
8 for 9 targets
9 targets 10 among
10 among 11 stimuli
11 stimuli 12 laid
11 stimuli 13 upon
13 upon 15 patterns
14 different 15 patterns
16 , 20 patterns
16 , 21 correlated
17 such 20 patterns
18 that 19 certain
19 certain 20 patterns
20 patterns 21 correlated
21 correlated 22 with
22 with 27 degrees
23 target 26 varying
24 location 26 varying
26 varying 27 degrees
27 degrees 28 of
28 of 29 consistency

an age [-] related difference was identified in the ability to learn an incidental structure under certain conditions and a strategy explanation for the difference was investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 an 2 age
1 an 5 difference
2 age 4 related
4 related 5 difference
5 difference 6 was
6 was 7 identified
7 identified 8 in
7 identified 16 under
8 in 10 ability
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 to
10 ability 12 learn
11 to 12 learn
12 learn 15 structure
13 an 15 structure
14 incidental 15 structure
16 under 18 conditions
17 certain 18 conditions
19 and 22 explanation
19 and 27 investigated
20 a 21 strategy
20 a 22 explanation
21 strategy 22 explanation
22 explanation 23 for
22 explanation 26 was
23 for 25 difference
24 the 25 difference
26 was 27 investigated

when older adults ' were encouraged to orient at least some degree of attention toward the predictive information , learning occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 learning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 when 4 '
1 when 6 encouraged
1 when 19 ,
1 when 20 learning
2 older 3 adults
3 adults 4 '
4 ' 5 were
5 were 6 encouraged
6 encouraged 7 to
6 encouraged 8 orient
7 to 8 orient
8 orient 10 least
8 orient 14 attention
8 orient 15 toward
9 at 10 least
11 some 12 degree
12 degree 13 of
12 degree 14 attention
13 of 14 attention
15 toward 18 information
16 the 18 information
17 predictive 18 information
20 learning 21 occurred

older adults are capable of learning incidental , environmental information but their learning was not identical to younger adults ' . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 are
3 are 4 capable
4 capable 5 of
5 of 6 learning
6 learning 10 information
7 incidental 8 ,
7 incidental 10 information
9 environmental 10 information
11 but 13 learning
11 but 14 was
12 their 13 learning
13 learning 14 was
14 was 15 not
14 was 16 identical
16 identical 17 to
17 to 20 '
18 younger 19 adults
19 adults 20 '

younger adults showed performance benefits when provided with incidental task structure , but older adults may need to be made explicitly aware before it is useful . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 younger 2 adults
2 adults 3 showed
3 showed 4 performance
3 showed 5 benefits
4 performance 5 benefits
5 benefits 6 when
6 when 7 provided
7 provided 8 with
8 with 11 structure
9 incidental 10 task
10 task 11 structure
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 adults
13 but 17 need
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 may
16 may 17 need
17 need 18 to
17 need 20 made
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 made
20 made 21 explicitly
20 made 22 aware
22 aware 23 before
23 before 24 it
23 before 25 is
24 it 25 is
25 is 26 useful

research into alzheimer 's disease has long focused on cognitive impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 research 2 into
1 research 6 has
2 into 5 disease
3 alzheimer 4 's
4 's 5 disease
6 has 8 focused
7 long 8 focused
8 focused 9 on
9 on 11 impairments
10 cognitive 11 impairments

advocates of the person [-] centered approach argue that emotions and interpersonal responses may remain intact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advocates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 advocates 2 of
1 advocates 8 argue
2 of 7 approach
3 the 7 approach
4 person 6 centered
6 centered 7 approach
8 argue 9 that
9 that 11 and
9 that 15 remain
10 emotions 11 and
11 and 13 responses
11 and 14 may
12 interpersonal 13 responses
14 may 15 remain
15 remain 16 intact

the answer to this paradox may derive from the neuropsychology of emotion , demonstrating preserved ability on simple emotion learning tasks , though this may not capture the complex interpersonal interactions that some patients appear able to manage in everyday life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 answer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 derive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 answer
2 answer 3 to
2 answer 6 may
3 to 5 paradox
4 this 5 paradox
6 may 7 derive
7 derive 8 from
7 derive 14 demonstrating
7 derive 23 though
7 derive 31 interactions
7 derive 39 in
8 from 10 neuropsychology
9 the 10 neuropsychology
10 neuropsychology 11 of
11 of 12 emotion
13 , 14 demonstrating
14 demonstrating 16 ability
14 demonstrating 22 ,
15 preserved 16 ability
16 ability 17 on
16 ability 20 learning
17 on 19 emotion
18 simple 19 emotion
20 learning 21 tasks
23 though 24 this
23 though 27 capture
24 this 25 may
25 may 26 not
25 may 27 capture
27 capture 29 complex
28 the 29 complex
30 interpersonal 31 interactions
31 interactions 32 that
31 interactions 38 manage
32 that 34 patients
32 that 35 appear
33 some 34 patients
34 patients 35 appear
35 appear 36 able
36 able 37 to
37 to 38 manage
39 in 41 life
40 everyday 41 life

this study demonstrates , for the first time , preserved complex emotion - based learning capacity , despite profound episodic memory impairment in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 demonstrates
3 demonstrates 5 for
3 demonstrates 18 despite
3 demonstrates 22 impairment
3 demonstrates 23 in
4 , 5 for
5 for 7 first
5 for 17 ,
6 the 7 first
7 first 8 time
7 first 14 based
7 first 15 learning
8 time 12 emotion
8 time 14 based
9 , 12 emotion
10 preserved 12 emotion
11 complex 12 emotion
12 emotion 13 -
15 learning 16 capacity
18 despite 21 memory
19 profound 21 memory
20 episodic 21 memory
23 in 26 disease
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease

these findings offer a starting point for the development of a solid neuropsychological and neuroanatomical account for the person - centered approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 offer
3 offer 6 point
4 a 6 point
5 starting 6 point
6 point 7 for
6 point 10 of
7 for 9 development
8 the 9 development
10 of 16 account
11 a 12 solid
11 a 16 account
12 solid 16 account
13 neuropsychological 14 and
14 and 15 neuroanatomical
14 and 16 account
16 account 17 for
17 for 19 person
18 the 19 person
20 - 22 approach
20 - 23 .
21 centered 22 approach

this qualitative study of 45 older adults examines how they allocate their resources in the face of chronic health conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 qualitative
2 qualitative 3 study
3 study 4 of
3 study 8 examines
4 of 7 adults
5 45 7 adults
6 older 7 adults
8 examines 9 how
9 how 10 they
9 how 11 allocate
10 they 11 allocate
11 allocate 13 resources
11 allocate 14 in
12 their 13 resources
14 in 16 face
15 the 16 face
16 face 17 of
17 of 20 conditions
18 chronic 19 health
19 health 20 conditions

participants were recruited from 2 senior centers and interviewed about their repertoire of activities , any changes in those activities in later life , and meanings they ascribed to those changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 participants 8 and
1 participants 13 of
1 participants 25 and
2 were 3 recruited
2 were 8 and
3 recruited 4 from
4 from 7 centers
5 2 7 centers
6 senior 7 centers
8 and 9 interviewed
8 and 10 about
10 about 12 repertoire
11 their 12 repertoire
13 of 14 activities
14 activities 17 changes
15 , 17 changes
16 any 17 changes
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 21 in
17 changes 24 ,
18 in 20 activities
19 those 20 activities
21 in 23 life
22 later 23 life
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 meanings
25 and 27 they
25 and 28 ascribed
27 they 28 ascribed
28 ascribed 29 to
29 to 31 changes
30 those 31 changes

the selection , optimization , and compensation model guided our analysis and interpretation of participants ' responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 guided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 selection
2 selection 3 ,
3 , 4 optimization
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 model
6 and 9 guided
7 compensation 8 model
9 guided 12 and
10 our 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 and
12 and 13 interpretation
12 and 14 of
14 of 17 responses
15 participants 16 '
16 ' 17 responses

the findings demonstrate the complexity of participants ' responses to age - related changes , particularly [in] [how] they adapted and negotiated both their perception and life goals when faced with changing social landscapes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 21 and
3 demonstrate 5 complexity
3 demonstrate 10 to
3 demonstrate 21 and
4 the 5 complexity
5 complexity 6 of
6 of 9 responses
7 participants 8 '
8 ' 9 responses
10 to 11 age
11 age 20 adapted
12 - 20 adapted
13 related 14 changes
13 related 15 ,
13 related 19 they
13 related 20 adapted
16 particularly 19 they
19 they 20 adapted
21 and 22 negotiated
21 and 29 when
22 negotiated 26 and
23 both 26 and
24 their 25 perception
25 perception 26 and
26 and 28 goals
27 life 28 goals
29 when 30 faced
30 faced 31 with
31 with 32 changing
32 changing 34 landscapes
33 social 34 landscapes

we discuss some implications and nuances of our findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 5 and
3 some 4 implications
4 implications 5 and
5 and 6 nuances
5 and 7 of
7 of 9 findings
8 our 9 findings

social workers are often the key link between older adults , their families and community - based services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 workers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 social 2 workers
2 workers 3 are
3 are 4 often
3 are 7 link
5 the 7 link
6 key 7 link
7 link 8 between
8 between 14 and
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 ,
11 , 13 families
11 , 14 and
12 their 13 families
14 and 15 community
14 and 18 services
16 - 18 services
17 based 18 services
18 services 19 .

thus , knowledge about older adults and community - based care is imperative for social work practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 knowledge
3 knowledge 4 about
3 knowledge 12 is
4 about 11 care
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 and
7 and 8 community
7 and 9 -
7 and 10 based
7 and 11 care
12 is 13 imperative
13 imperative 14 for
14 for 17 practice
15 social 16 work
16 work 17 practice

evaluation data are provided on a national multisite effort ( n = 353 ) from 35 schools to assure graduate social work student ['s] competency related to community services for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
2 data 3 are
3 are 4 provided
4 provided 5 on
4 provided 12 =
4 provided 15 from
4 provided 18 to
5 on 9 effort
6 a 7 national
6 a 9 effort
7 national 8 multisite
8 multisite 9 effort
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 353
12 = 14 )
15 from 17 schools
16 35 17 schools
18 to 19 assure
19 assure 25 competency
19 assure 26 related
20 graduate 22 work
21 social 22 work
22 work 25 competency
23 student 25 competency
25 competency 26 related
26 related 27 to
26 related 33 .
27 to 29 services
28 community 29 services
29 services 30 for
30 for 32 adults
31 older 32 adults

results suggest that the educational model as [described] in this article sets forth positive outcomes in the education of aging savvy social workers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 suggest
2 suggest 3 that
3 that 6 model
3 that 12 sets
4 the 6 model
5 educational 6 model
6 model 7 as
6 model 12 sets
7 as 9 in
9 in 11 article
10 this 11 article
12 sets 13 forth
12 sets 15 outcomes
12 sets 16 in
14 positive 15 outcomes
16 in 18 education
17 the 18 education
18 education 19 of
19 of 20 aging
20 aging 23 workers
21 savvy 23 workers
22 social 23 workers

ongoing social work education is needed to meet the burgeoning needs of the geriatric population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 ongoing 2 social
2 social 3 work
3 work 4 education
4 education 5 is
5 is 6 needed
6 needed 7 to
7 to 8 meet
8 meet 11 needs
9 the 11 needs
10 burgeoning 11 needs
11 needs 12 of
12 of 15 population
13 the 15 population
14 geriatric 15 population

severe mental illness ( smi ) impacts many different facets of individuals ' lives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 illness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 impacts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 severe 3 illness
2 mental 3 illness
3 illness 5 smi
3 illness 7 impacts
4 ( 5 smi
5 smi 6 )
7 impacts 10 facets
8 many 10 facets
9 different 10 facets
10 facets 11 of
11 of 14 lives
12 individuals 13 '
13 ' 14 lives

as they age , those with smi experience increased physical illnesses , functional impairment , cognitive deficits , and social disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 as 2 they
1 as 3 age
1 as 4 ,
1 as 5 those
2 they 3 age
5 those 6 with
5 those 8 experience
6 with 7 smi
8 experience 19 and
9 increased 11 illnesses
10 physical 11 illnesses
11 illnesses 12 ,
12 , 14 impairment
12 , 15 ,
13 functional 14 impairment
15 , 17 deficits
15 , 19 and
16 cognitive 17 deficits
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 disability
20 social 21 disability

to promote more effective social work practice with this population , this article highlights the major biopsychosocial and family issues of aging with a psychiatric diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 promote
2 promote 7 practice
2 promote 8 with
3 more 7 practice
4 effective 6 work
5 social 6 work
6 work 7 practice
8 with 10 population
9 this 10 population
11 , 13 article
11 , 14 highlights
12 this 13 article
13 article 14 highlights
14 highlights 20 issues
14 highlights 23 with
15 the 20 issues
16 major 20 issues
17 biopsychosocial 18 and
18 and 19 family
18 and 20 issues
20 issues 21 of
21 of 22 aging
23 with 26 diagnosis
24 a 25 psychiatric
24 a 26 diagnosis
25 psychiatric 26 diagnosis

in addition , intervention approaches that have demonstrated efficacy are summarized along with ways to coordinate services across multiple service delivery sectors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 summarized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 approaches
4 intervention 5 approaches
5 approaches 6 that
5 approaches 7 have
5 approaches 10 are
6 that 7 have
7 have 8 demonstrated
8 demonstrated 9 efficacy
10 are 11 summarized
11 summarized 13 with
11 summarized 15 to
12 along 13 with
13 with 14 ways
15 to 16 coordinate
16 coordinate 17 services
16 coordinate 18 across
18 across 22 sectors
19 multiple 20 service
20 service 22 sectors
21 delivery 22 sectors

finally , future directions in practice and research are presented to develop additional methods of support for older adults with smi and their families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 directions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 directions
3 future 4 directions
4 directions 5 in
4 directions 9 are
5 in 7 and
6 practice 7 and
7 and 8 research
9 are 10 presented
10 presented 11 to
11 to 12 develop
12 develop 14 methods
12 develop 17 for
12 develop 20 with
13 additional 14 methods
14 methods 15 of
15 of 16 support
17 for 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
20 with 22 and
21 smi 22 and
22 and 24 families
23 their 24 families

the purpose of this article is to report the influence of gender on aging with childhood onset paralytic polio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 report
7 to 8 report
8 report 10 influence
8 report 13 on
9 the 10 influence
10 influence 11 of
11 of 12 gender
13 on 14 aging
14 aging 15 with
15 with 19 polio
16 childhood 19 polio
17 onset 19 polio
18 paralytic 19 polio

the hermeneutic phenomenological exploration of gender was done using multiple qualitative interviews with 25 women , age 55 to 75 years of age , who had polio since before 14 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exploration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 4 exploration
2 hermeneutic 4 exploration
3 phenomenological 4 exploration
4 exploration 5 of
4 exploration 7 was
5 of 6 gender
7 was 8 done
8 done 9 using
8 done 13 with
9 using 12 interviews
10 multiple 12 interviews
11 qualitative 12 interviews
13 with 15 women
14 25 15 women
15 women 21 years
16 , 21 years
17 age 19 to
17 age 21 years
18 55 19 to
19 to 20 75
21 years 22 of
21 years 24 ,
22 of 23 age
24 , 25 who
24 , 26 had
25 who 26 had
26 had 27 polio
26 had 28 since
28 since 29 before
29 before 31 years
30 14 31 years
31 years 32 of
32 of 33 age

we noted three themes : [(] [a] [ )(the movement of her body , [(] [b] [ )(integrating body and gender , and [(] [c] [ )(gender discrepancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 noted
2 noted 4 themes
3 three 4 themes
5 : 10 movement
9 )(the 10 movement
10 movement 11 of
11 of 23 and
12 her 13 body
13 body 14 ,
14 , 19 body
14 , 20 and
18 )(integrating 19 body
20 and 21 gender
20 and 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 28 discrepancies
27 )(gender 28 discrepancies

findings are discussed in the context of gendered expectations and the women 's bodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 findings 2 are
2 are 3 discussed
3 discussed 4 in
4 in 6 context
5 the 6 context
6 context 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 gendered 9 expectations
9 expectations 10 and
10 and 14 bodies
11 the 12 women
12 women 13 's
13 's 14 bodies

somatic cellular senescence ( scs ) describes the limited ability of cells to divide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 somatic 3 senescence
2 cellular 3 senescence
3 senescence 5 scs
3 senescence 7 describes
4 ( 5 scs
5 scs 6 )
7 describes 10 ability
8 the 10 ability
9 limited 10 ability
10 ability 11 of
11 of 12 cells
12 cells 13 to
12 cells 14 divide
13 to 14 divide

normally , scs is associated with physiological aging , but evidence suggests that it may play a role in disease progression , even in young patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 normally 2 ,
1 normally 3 scs
3 scs 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 8 aging
7 physiological 8 aging
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 evidence
10 but 12 suggests
11 evidence 12 suggests
12 suggests 13 that
13 that 14 it
13 that 22 ,
14 it 15 may
15 may 22 ,
16 play 18 role
16 play 19 in
16 play 22 ,
17 a 18 role
19 in 21 progression
20 disease 21 progression
22 , 23 even
22 , 26 patients
23 even 24 in
25 young 26 patients

stressors such as acute injury or chronic inflammation may induce scs , which in turn exhausts organ regenerative potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 stressors 3 as
1 stressors 6 or
2 such 3 as
3 as 5 injury
4 acute 5 injury
6 or 8 inflammation
6 or 9 may
7 chronic 8 inflammation
9 may 10 induce
10 induce 11 scs
12 , 13 which
12 , 16 exhausts
13 which 16 exhausts
14 in 15 turn
15 turn 16 exhausts
16 exhausts 19 potential
17 organ 19 potential
18 regenerative 19 potential

this review summarizes what is known about scs in the kidney with aging and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 4 what
3 summarizes 7 about
3 summarizes 9 in
4 what 5 is
5 is 6 known
7 about 8 scs
9 in 14 and
10 the 11 kidney
11 kidney 12 with
11 kidney 14 and
12 with 13 aging
14 and 15 disease

as most patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) also develop cardiovascular complications , a second focus of this review deals with the role of scs in cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 deals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 as 3 patients
1 as 12 develop
1 as 15 ,
1 as 18 focus
2 most 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
3 patients 9 ckd
3 patients 12 develop
4 with 7 disease
5 chronic 6 kidney
6 kidney 7 disease
8 ( 9 ckd
9 ckd 10 )
11 also 12 develop
12 develop 14 complications
13 cardiovascular 14 complications
16 a 18 focus
17 second 18 focus
18 focus 19 of
18 focus 22 deals
19 of 21 review
20 this 21 review
22 deals 23 with
22 deals 28 in
23 with 25 role
24 the 25 role
25 role 26 of
26 of 27 scs
28 in 30 disease
29 cardiovascular 30 disease

also , as scs seems to accelerate ckd and cardiovascular disease progression , developing strategies for new treatment options that overcome scs or protect a patient from it represents an exciting challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 developing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 14 developing
3 as 4 scs
3 as 5 seems
3 as 13 ,
3 as 14 developing
4 scs 5 seems
5 seems 6 to
5 seems 7 accelerate
6 to 7 accelerate
7 accelerate 9 and
8 ckd 9 and
9 and 12 progression
10 cardiovascular 11 disease
11 disease 12 progression
14 developing 15 strategies
14 developing 29 represents
15 strategies 16 for
15 strategies 20 that
15 strategies 23 or
16 for 19 options
17 new 19 options
18 treatment 19 options
20 that 23 or
21 overcome 22 scs
21 overcome 23 or
23 or 24 protect
24 protect 26 patient
24 protect 27 from
25 a 26 patient
27 from 28 it
29 represents 32 challenge
30 an 32 challenge
31 exciting 32 challenge

objectives : to examine the circadian pattern of cardiac autonomic modulation ( cam ) and its attributes in general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 15 and
4 examine 18 in
5 the 7 pattern
6 circadian 7 pattern
7 pattern 8 of
7 pattern 15 and
8 of 11 modulation
9 cardiac 11 modulation
10 autonomic 11 modulation
11 modulation 13 cam
12 ( 13 cam
13 cam 14 )
15 and 17 attributes
16 its 17 attributes
18 in 20 population
19 general 20 population

methods : [we] obtained 24 - h beat - [to] - beat rr data using a high resolution 12 - lead holter ecg in a community - dwelling sample [of] 115 [non] - smokers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 obtained
4 obtained 8 beat
5 24 6 -
6 - 7 h
6 - 8 beat
9 - 11 -
9 - 20 -
9 - 27 -
9 - 33 -
11 - 12 beat
12 beat 14 data
12 beat 15 using
13 rr 14 data
15 using 18 resolution
16 a 18 resolution
17 high 18 resolution
18 resolution 19 12
19 12 20 -
20 - 21 lead
21 lead 23 ecg
21 lead 24 in
22 holter 23 ecg
24 in 26 community
25 a 26 community
27 - 29 sample
28 dwelling 29 sample
29 sample 31 115
31 115 33 -
33 - 34 smokers

we performed heart rate variability ( hrv ) [analysis] on the normal rrs from [each] 5 - min segment to obtain time - specific hrv indices [:] high ( hf [;] 0.15 - 0.40 hz ) and low [(] [lf] [;] 0.04 - 0.15 hz [ )(frequency powers [,] standard deviation of rr intervals ( sdnn ) , and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squared differences of the adjacent rr intervals ( rmssd [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 5 variability
2 performed 10 on
3 heart 5 variability
4 rate 5 variability
5 variability 7 hrv
6 ( 7 hrv
7 hrv 8 )
10 on 13 rrs
11 the 13 rrs
12 normal 13 rrs
13 rrs 14 from
13 rrs 23 -
14 from 16 5
17 - 23 -
18 min 19 segment
19 segment 20 to
19 segment 21 obtain
19 segment 23 -
20 to 21 obtain
21 obtain 22 time
23 - 26 indices
24 specific 26 indices
25 hrv 26 indices
26 indices 37 and
28 high 33 -
28 high 37 and
29 ( 33 -
30 hf 32 0.15
30 hf 33 -
33 - 35 hz
33 - 36 )
34 0.40 35 hz
37 and 38 low
38 low 43 -
42 0.04 43 -
43 - 44 0.15
44 0.15 45 hz
45 hz 51 deviation
47 )(frequency 51 deviation
48 powers 50 standard
50 standard 51 deviation
51 deviation 52 of
51 deviation 59 and
52 of 54 intervals
53 rr 54 intervals
54 intervals 56 sdnn
55 ( 56 sdnn
56 sdnn 57 )
58 , 59 and
59 and 61 square
59 and 62 root
60 the 61 square
62 root 63 of
62 root 66 of
63 of 65 mean
64 the 65 mean
66 of 72 differences
67 the 68 sum
68 sum 69 of
68 sum 72 differences
69 of 72 differences
70 the 72 differences
71 squared 72 differences
72 differences 73 of
72 differences 79 rmssd
73 of 77 intervals
74 the 77 intervals
75 adjacent 77 intervals
76 rr 77 intervals
78 ( 79 rmssd
79 rmssd 81 )(

for each individual , we fit the segment - specific hrv data to a cosine periodic function , and estimated 3 individual - level cosine function parameters to quantify the circadian variation : the mean ( m ) , amplitude [(] a [ )(, and acrophase [(] [θ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 for 3 individual
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 we
2 each 3 individual
5 we 19 and
6 fit 8 segment
6 fit 19 and
7 the 8 segment
8 segment 12 data
9 - 12 data
10 specific 12 data
11 hrv 12 data
12 data 13 to
12 data 18 ,
13 to 17 function
14 a 17 function
15 cosine 17 function
16 periodic 17 function
19 and 20 estimated
20 estimated 27 parameters
20 estimated 28 to
21 3 27 parameters
22 individual 23 -
22 individual 27 parameters
24 level 27 parameters
25 cosine 26 function
26 function 27 parameters
28 to 29 quantify
29 quantify 32 variation
30 the 32 variation
31 circadian 32 variation
33 : 35 mean
33 : 39 ,
34 the 35 mean
35 mean 37 m
36 ( 37 m
37 m 38 )
39 , 45 and
40 amplitude 42 a
40 amplitude 45 and
44 )(, 45 and
45 and 46 acrophase
45 and 49 )

we then used a random - effects meta - analysis to summarize the m [,] [a] [,] [and] [θ] , and their 95 % confidence intervals ( ci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 3 used
2 then 3 used
3 used 10 analysis
3 used 11 to
3 used 12 summarize
4 a 5 random
4 a 10 analysis
5 random 6 -
5 random 7 effects
7 effects 10 analysis
8 meta 9 -
8 meta 10 analysis
11 to 12 summarize
12 summarize 21 and
13 the 21 and
14 m 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 26 intervals
21 and 28 ci
22 their 23 95
23 95 26 intervals
24 % 25 confidence
25 confidence 26 intervals
27 ( 28 ci
28 ci 29 )

results : the mean age was 56 ( sd 8 [ )(years , with 63 % female and 76 % white . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 5 age
2 : 6 was
2 : 18 and
3 the 5 age
4 mean 5 age
5 age 6 was
6 was 7 56
6 was 14 with
7 56 12 )(years
8 ( 12 )(years
9 sd 12 )(years
10 8 12 )(years
12 )(years 13 ,
14 with 16 %
14 with 17 female
15 63 16 %
18 and 20 %
18 and 21 white
19 76 20 %
20 % 21 white

the averages of m , [a] and [θ] [(] 95%ci ) of log hf were 3.59 ( 3.43 - 3.76 ) [ms] ( 2 ) , 0.61 ( 0.54 - 0.68 ) [ms] ( 2 ) , [and] [3:10] [(] 2:25 - 3:55 ) am , respectively [,] and that [of] rmssd were 22.3 ( 20.5 - 24.1 [ )(m [s] , [6.5] ( 5.4 - 7.5 [ )( , 3:45 ( 2:55 - 4:35 [ )(am , [respectively] . 
1 the 2 averages
2 averages 3 of
2 averages 7 and
3 of 4 m
5 , 7 and
7 and 10 95%ci
7 and 11 )
7 and 12 of
7 and 15 were
12 of 14 hf
13 log 14 hf
15 were 16 3.59
16 3.59 18 3.43
16 3.59 27 0.61
17 ( 18 3.43
18 3.43 20 3.76
18 3.43 24 2
18 3.43 26 ,
19 - 20 3.76
20 3.76 21 )
23 ( 24 2
24 2 25 )
26 , 27 0.61
27 0.61 30 -
27 0.61 35 2
27 0.61 37 ,
28 ( 30 -
29 0.54 30 -
30 - 31 0.68
30 - 32 )
34 ( 35 2
35 2 36 )
37 , 42 -
41 2:25 42 -
42 - 43 3:55
42 - 44 )
42 - 52 rmssd
45 am 49 and
46 , 47 respectively
46 , 49 and
49 and 50 that
49 and 52 rmssd
52 rmssd 53 were
53 were 54 22.3
54 22.3 57 -
54 22.3 66 -
55 ( 57 -
56 20.5 57 -
57 - 60 )(m
57 - 62 ,
58 24.1 60 )(m
64 ( 66 -
65 5.4 66 -
66 - 67 7.5
67 7.5 71 3:45
70 , 71 3:45
71 3:45 77 )(am
71 3:45 80 .
72 ( 77 )(am
73 2:55 74 -
74 - 75 4:35
74 - 77 )(am
77 )(am 78 ,

older age is associated with lower mean [of] hrv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 older 2 age
2 age 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 9 hrv
6 lower 7 mean
7 mean 9 hrv

males have higher oscillation amplitude than females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 males
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 males 2 have
2 have 5 amplitude
2 have 6 than
3 higher 4 oscillation
4 oscillation 5 amplitude
6 than 7 females

the acrophase of lf/hf was earlier in females than in males , and in younger individuals than in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 acrophase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 acrophase
2 acrophase 3 of
2 acrophase 5 was
3 of 4 lf/hf
5 was 6 earlier
5 was 7 in
5 was 9 than
5 was 17 than
7 in 8 females
9 than 13 and
10 in 11 males
10 in 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 in
14 in 16 individuals
15 younger 16 individuals
17 than 18 in
18 in 20 individuals
19 older 20 individuals

conclusions : the circadian pattern of cam can be quantified by 3 cosine parameters of hrv , which are correlated with age and gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 9 be
2 : 17 ,
3 the 5 pattern
4 circadian 5 pattern
5 pattern 6 of
5 pattern 8 can
6 of 7 cam
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 quantified
10 quantified 11 by
11 by 14 parameters
12 3 14 parameters
13 cosine 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 of
15 of 16 hrv
17 , 18 which
17 , 20 correlated
18 which 19 are
19 are 20 correlated
20 correlated 21 with
21 with 23 and
22 age 23 and
23 and 24 gender

bloom ['s] [syndrome] ( bs ) and fanconi anemia ( fa ) are autosomal recessive disorders characterized by cancer and chromosomal instability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 bloom 5 bs
4 ( 5 bs
5 bs 6 )
5 bs 7 and
7 and 8 fanconi
8 fanconi 9 anemia
9 anemia 11 fa
9 anemia 13 are
10 ( 11 fa
11 fa 12 )
13 are 16 disorders
13 are 18 by
14 autosomal 16 disorders
15 recessive 16 disorders
16 disorders 17 characterized
18 by 20 and
19 cancer 20 and
20 and 22 instability
21 chromosomal 22 instability

bs and fa group j arise from mutations in the blm and fancj genes , respectively , which encode dna helicases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 arise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 bs 2 and
2 and 4 group
2 and 6 arise
3 fa 4 group
4 group 5 j
6 arise 7 from
6 arise 9 in
6 arise 16 respectively
7 from 8 mutations
9 in 14 genes
10 the 14 genes
11 blm 12 and
12 and 13 fancj
13 fancj 14 genes
15 , 16 respectively
16 respectively 17 ,
17 , 18 which
17 , 19 encode
18 which 19 encode
19 encode 21 helicases
20 dna 21 helicases

in this work , fancj and blm were found to interact physically and functionally in human cells and co - localize to nuclear foci in response to replication stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 in 3 work
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 and
2 this 3 work
5 fancj 6 and
6 and 7 blm
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 found
9 found 10 to
10 to 11 interact
11 interact 13 and
11 interact 15 in
12 physically 13 and
13 and 14 functionally
15 in 18 and
16 human 17 cells
17 cells 18 and
18 and 19 co
20 - 21 localize
20 - 30 .
21 localize 22 to
21 localize 27 to
22 to 24 foci
23 nuclear 24 foci
25 in 26 response
26 response 27 to
27 to 29 stress
28 replication 29 stress

the cellular level of blm is strongly dependent upon fancj , and blm is degraded by a proteasome - mediated pathway when fancj is depleted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 level
2 cellular 3 level
3 level 4 of
3 level 6 is
4 of 5 blm
6 is 7 strongly
6 is 8 dependent
8 dependent 9 upon
9 upon 10 fancj
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 blm
12 and 15 degraded
13 blm 14 is
14 is 15 degraded
15 degraded 16 by
15 degraded 22 when
16 by 21 pathway
17 a 18 proteasome
17 a 21 pathway
18 proteasome 19 -
18 proteasome 21 pathway
20 mediated 21 pathway
22 when 23 fancj
22 when 25 depleted
23 fancj 24 is
24 is 25 depleted

fancj - deficient cells display increased sister chromatid exchange and sensitivity to replication stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 fancj 2 -
1 fancj 4 cells
3 deficient 4 cells
4 cells 5 display
5 display 10 and
5 display 12 to
6 increased 7 sister
7 sister 9 exchange
8 chromatid 9 exchange
9 exchange 10 and
10 and 11 sensitivity
12 to 14 stress
13 replication 14 stress

expression of a fancj c [-] terminal fragment that interacts with blm exerted a dominant negative effect on hydroxyurea resistance by interfering with the fancj - blm interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 exerted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 expression 2 of
1 expression 13 exerted
2 of 8 fragment
3 a 8 fragment
4 fancj 5 c
4 fancj 7 terminal
7 terminal 8 fragment
8 fragment 9 that
8 fragment 10 interacts
9 that 10 interacts
10 interacts 11 with
11 with 12 blm
13 exerted 17 effect
13 exerted 21 by
14 a 15 dominant
14 a 17 effect
15 dominant 17 effect
16 negative 17 effect
17 effect 18 on
18 on 20 resistance
19 hydroxyurea 20 resistance
21 by 22 interfering
22 interfering 23 with
23 with 28 interaction
24 the 28 interaction
25 fancj 27 blm
26 - 27 blm
27 blm 28 interaction

fancj and blm synergistically unwound a dna [duplex] substrate with sugar phosphate backbone discontinuity , but not [an] ['] undamaged ['] [duplex] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 unwound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 fancj 2 and
2 and 3 blm
2 and 5 unwound
4 synergistically 5 unwound
5 unwound 16 but
6 a 9 substrate
7 dna 9 substrate
9 substrate 10 with
9 substrate 16 but
10 with 14 discontinuity
11 sugar 14 discontinuity
12 phosphate 13 backbone
13 backbone 14 discontinuity
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 not
16 but 20 undamaged

collectively , the results suggest that fancj catalytic activity and its effect on blm protein stability contribute to preservation of genomic stability and a normal response to replication stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 10 and
6 that 17 contribute
7 fancj 9 activity
8 catalytic 9 activity
9 activity 10 and
10 and 12 effect
10 and 13 on
10 and 17 contribute
11 its 12 effect
13 on 16 stability
14 blm 16 stability
15 protein 16 stability
17 contribute 18 to
17 contribute 27 to
18 to 19 preservation
19 preservation 20 of
20 of 23 and
21 genomic 22 stability
22 stability 23 and
23 and 26 response
24 a 25 normal
24 a 26 response
25 normal 26 response
27 to 29 stress
28 replication 29 stress

[none] inflammation arising from various etiologies , including infection , autoimmune disorders , chronic diseases , and aging , can promote anemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inflammation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 inflammation 3 arising
2 inflammation 12 disorders
2 inflammation 20 can
3 arising 4 from
3 arising 8 including
4 from 6 etiologies
5 various 6 etiologies
7 , 8 including
8 including 9 infection
8 including 10 ,
10 , 12 disorders
11 autoimmune 12 disorders
12 disorders 17 and
12 disorders 19 ,
13 , 17 and
14 chronic 15 diseases
15 diseases 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 aging
17 and 19 ,
20 can 21 promote
21 promote 22 anemia

the anemia of inflammation ( ai ) is most often normocytic and normochromic and is usually mild . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 anemia
2 anemia 3 of
2 anemia 14 and
3 of 4 inflammation
4 inflammation 6 ai
5 ( 6 ai
6 ai 7 )
8 is 10 often
8 is 12 and
8 is 14 and
9 most 10 often
11 normocytic 12 and
12 and 13 normochromic
14 and 15 is
15 is 16 usually
15 is 17 mild
16 usually 17 mild

characteristic changes in systemic iron handling , erythrocyte production , and erythrocyte life span all contribute to ai . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characteristic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 characteristic 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 6 handling
4 systemic 5 iron
5 iron 6 handling
7 , 11 and
7 , 16 contribute
8 erythrocyte 9 production
9 production 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 span
11 and 16 contribute
12 erythrocyte 14 span
13 life 14 span
15 all 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 to
17 to 18 ai

the preferred treatment is directed at the underlying disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 directed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 treatment
2 preferred 3 treatment
3 treatment 4 is
4 is 5 directed
5 directed 6 at
6 at 9 disease
7 the 9 disease
8 underlying 9 disease

however , when the inflammatory insult is intractable , [or] the cause has not been diagnosed , there are limited options for treatment of ai . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 12 cause
2 , 3 when
3 when 6 insult
3 when 7 is
3 when 9 ,
3 when 12 cause
4 the 6 insult
5 inflammatory 6 insult
6 insult 7 is
7 is 8 intractable
11 the 12 cause
12 cause 13 has
13 has 14 not
13 has 15 been
15 been 16 diagnosed
17 , 18 there
17 , 19 are
18 there 19 are
19 are 21 options
20 limited 21 options
21 options 22 for
22 for 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 of
24 of 25 ai

because anemia is a comorbid condition that is associated with poor outcomes in various chronic disease states , understanding its pathogenesis and developing new tools for its treatment should remain a priority . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
1 because 2 anemia
1 because 3 is
1 because 7 that
2 anemia 3 is
3 is 6 condition
4 a 6 condition
5 comorbid 6 condition
7 that 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 13 in
10 with 12 outcomes
11 poor 12 outcomes
13 in 17 states
14 various 16 disease
15 chronic 16 disease
16 disease 17 states
17 states 19 understanding
18 , 19 understanding
19 understanding 22 and
19 understanding 30 remain
19 understanding 33 .
20 its 21 pathogenesis
21 pathogenesis 22 and
22 and 25 tools
22 and 26 for
22 and 29 should
23 developing 25 tools
24 new 25 tools
26 for 28 treatment
27 its 28 treatment
29 should 30 remain
30 remain 32 priority
31 a 32 priority

hepcidin [antimicrobial] [peptide] has taken center stage [in] recent years as a potent modulator of iron availability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hepcidin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 hepcidin 4 has
4 has 5 taken
5 taken 10 years
5 taken 11 as
6 center 10 years
7 stage 10 years
9 recent 10 years
11 as 14 modulator
12 a 13 potent
12 a 14 modulator
13 potent 14 modulator
14 modulator 15 of
15 of 17 availability
16 iron 17 availability

as the technology for quantitative hepcidin analysis improves , hepcidin 's role in various disease states is also being revealed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 as 3 technology
1 as 8 improves
1 as 9 ,
1 as 12 role
2 the 3 technology
3 technology 4 for
3 technology 8 improves
4 for 7 analysis
5 quantitative 6 hepcidin
6 hepcidin 7 analysis
10 hepcidin 11 's
11 's 12 role
12 role 13 in
12 role 17 is
13 in 16 states
14 various 15 disease
15 disease 16 states
17 is 18 also
17 is 20 revealed
19 being 20 revealed

recent insights concerning the regulatory pathways that modify hepcidin expression have identified novel targets for drug development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 recent 2 insights
2 insights 3 concerning
2 insights 11 have
3 concerning 6 pathways
4 the 6 pathways
5 regulatory 6 pathways
6 pathways 7 that
6 pathways 8 modify
7 that 8 modify
8 modify 10 expression
9 hepcidin 10 expression
11 have 12 identified
12 identified 14 targets
13 novel 14 targets
14 targets 15 for
15 for 17 development
16 drug 17 development

as the field advances with such therapeutics , the analysis of the impact of normalized hemoglobin on disease outcomes will confirm whether anemia is a reversible independent contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with inflammatory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 as 3 field
1 as 4 advances
1 as 8 ,
1 as 32 and
2 the 3 field
3 field 4 advances
4 advances 5 with
5 with 7 therapeutics
6 such 7 therapeutics
9 the 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 of
10 analysis 32 and
11 of 13 impact
12 the 13 impact
13 impact 14 of
13 impact 29 to
14 of 16 hemoglobin
15 normalized 16 hemoglobin
16 hemoglobin 17 on
17 on 18 disease
18 disease 19 outcomes
18 disease 21 confirm
19 outcomes 20 will
20 will 21 confirm
21 confirm 22 whether
22 whether 23 anemia
22 whether 24 is
23 anemia 24 is
24 is 28 contributor
25 a 28 contributor
26 reversible 28 contributor
27 independent 28 contributor
29 to 31 morbidity
30 the 31 morbidity
32 and 33 mortality
32 and 34 associated
34 associated 35 with
35 with 37 diseases
36 inflammatory 37 diseases

anemia is a significant problem in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 anemia 2 is
2 is 5 problem
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 problem
4 significant 5 problem
5 problem 6 in
6 in 8 patients
7 elderly 8 patients

although many anemic elderly patients can be diagnosed with nutritional deficiency , anemia of chronic inflammation or comorbid diseases that explain their decreased hematocrit , the etiology of anemia in a significant fraction remains obscure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 although 2 many
1 although 5 patients
3 anemic 5 patients
4 elderly 5 patients
5 patients 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 diagnosed
8 diagnosed 9 with
9 with 11 deficiency
10 nutritional 11 deficiency
11 deficiency 13 anemia
12 , 13 anemia
13 anemia 14 of
13 anemia 25 ,
14 of 17 or
15 chronic 16 inflammation
16 inflammation 17 or
17 or 19 diseases
17 or 20 that
17 or 21 explain
18 comorbid 19 diseases
20 that 21 explain
21 explain 24 hematocrit
22 their 24 hematocrit
23 decreased 24 hematocrit
25 , 27 etiology
25 , 34 remains
26 the 27 etiology
27 etiology 28 of
27 etiology 34 remains
28 of 29 anemia
29 anemia 30 in
30 in 33 fraction
31 a 32 significant
31 a 33 fraction
32 significant 33 fraction
34 remains 35 obscure

there is evidence to suggest that the hematopoietic stem cell displays increasing erythropoietin ( epo ) [resistance] with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 evidence
3 evidence 4 to
3 evidence 11 displays
4 to 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 10 cell
6 that 11 displays
7 the 10 cell
8 hematopoietic 10 cell
9 stem 10 cell
10 cell 11 displays
11 displays 13 erythropoietin
11 displays 18 with
12 increasing 13 erythropoietin
13 erythropoietin 15 epo
14 ( 15 epo
15 epo 16 )
18 with 19 age

epo levels rise in elderly , nonanemic patients , and it is hypothesized that there is an interplay between this rising demand for epo and the decreasing ability of the aging kidney [to] produce adequate hormone to meet that need . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 epo 2 levels
2 levels 10 and
3 rise 4 in
3 rise 10 and
4 in 8 patients
5 elderly 6 ,
5 elderly 8 patients
7 nonanemic 8 patients
9 , 10 and
10 and 38 meet
11 it 12 is
12 is 13 hypothesized
13 hypothesized 14 that
14 that 15 there
14 that 16 is
15 there 16 is
16 is 28 ability
16 is 37 to
17 an 28 ability
18 interplay 19 between
18 interplay 25 and
19 between 22 demand
20 this 22 demand
21 rising 22 demand
22 demand 23 for
23 for 24 epo
25 and 27 decreasing
25 and 28 ability
26 the 27 decreasing
28 ability 29 of
29 of 36 hormone
30 the 36 hormone
31 aging 32 kidney
32 kidney 36 hormone
34 produce 36 hormone
35 adequate 36 hormone
37 to 38 meet
38 meet 40 need
39 that 40 need

there is further considerable evidence that aging is associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression and that many of these cytokines can contribute to epo insensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 evidence
3 further 5 evidence
4 considerable 5 evidence
5 evidence 15 and
6 that 7 aging
6 that 9 associated
6 that 15 and
7 aging 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 14 expression
11 increased 14 expression
12 proinflammatory 14 expression
13 cytokine 14 expression
15 and 16 that
16 that 20 cytokines
16 that 22 contribute
17 many 18 of
17 many 20 cytokines
18 of 20 cytokines
19 these 20 cytokines
20 cytokines 21 can
21 can 22 contribute
22 contribute 23 to
23 to 25 insensitivity
24 epo 25 insensitivity

consequently , genetic variation in the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines may influence the development of anemia in elderly patients , both through induction of hepcidin expression ( anemia of inflammation ) and through cytokine suppression of erythroid colony formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 4 variation
3 genetic 4 variation
4 variation 5 in
4 variation 8 of
4 variation 12 may
5 in 7 expression
6 the 7 expression
8 of 11 cytokines
9 these 11 cytokines
10 proinflammatory 11 cytokines
12 may 13 influence
13 influence 15 development
13 influence 33 and
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 17 anemia
18 in 20 patients
18 in 33 and
19 elderly 20 patients
20 patients 22 both
21 , 22 both
22 both 23 through
22 both 32 )
23 through 24 induction
24 induction 25 of
24 induction 29 anemia
25 of 27 expression
26 hepcidin 27 expression
28 ( 29 anemia
29 anemia 30 of
29 anemia 32 )
30 of 31 inflammation
33 and 34 through
34 through 36 suppression
35 cytokine 36 suppression
36 suppression 37 of
37 of 40 formation
38 erythroid 39 colony
39 colony 40 formation

the impact of inflammatory mediators , epo insensitivity , and other factors that may act on the hematopoietic stem cell to decrease erythropoiesis are under active study and should serve to elucidate the pathophysiology of this important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 10 and
3 of 5 mediators
4 inflammatory 5 mediators
5 mediators 8 insensitivity
6 , 8 insensitivity
7 epo 8 insensitivity
8 insensitivity 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 factors
10 and 13 that
10 and 14 may
10 and 41 and
11 other 12 factors
13 that 14 may
14 may 28 and
15 act 16 on
15 act 21 to
15 act 25 under
15 act 28 and
16 on 20 cell
17 the 20 cell
18 hematopoietic 19 stem
19 stem 20 cell
21 to 22 decrease
22 decrease 23 erythropoiesis
22 decrease 24 are
23 erythropoiesis 24 are
25 under 27 study
26 active 27 study
28 and 29 should
29 should 30 serve
30 serve 31 to
31 to 32 elucidate
32 elucidate 34 pathophysiology
33 the 34 pathophysiology
34 pathophysiology 35 of
34 pathophysiology 39 of
35 of 38 cause
36 this 38 cause
37 important 38 cause
39 of 40 morbidity
41 and 42 mortality
41 and 43 in
43 in 45 individuals
44 elderly 45 individuals

a better understanding of the pathophysiology of anemia in elderly patients should provide critical entry points for interventions that will improve survival and quality of life in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 3 understanding
2 better 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 7 of
3 understanding 12 should
4 of 6 pathophysiology
5 the 6 pathophysiology
7 of 8 anemia
8 anemia 9 in
9 in 11 patients
10 elderly 11 patients
12 should 13 provide
13 provide 16 points
13 provide 17 for
13 provide 27 in
14 critical 16 points
15 entry 16 points
17 for 18 interventions
18 interventions 19 that
18 interventions 20 will
19 that 20 will
20 will 21 improve
21 improve 23 and
22 survival 23 and
23 and 24 quality
24 quality 25 of
25 of 26 life
27 in 30 population
28 the 30 population
29 aging 30 population

conventional allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation ( allo - hct ) is a potentially curative treatment option for various hematological diseases due , in part to high - dose conditioning [and] , in part [,] to graft [-] versus [-] tumor effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 transplantation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 conventional 5 transplantation
2 allogeneic 4 cell
3 hematopoietic 4 cell
4 cell 5 transplantation
5 transplantation 7 allo
5 transplantation 9 hct
5 transplantation 11 is
6 ( 7 allo
7 allo 8 -
8 - 9 hct
9 hct 10 )
11 is 16 option
12 a 16 option
13 potentially 14 curative
14 curative 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 option
16 option 17 for
17 for 20 diseases
18 various 20 diseases
19 hematological 20 diseases
20 diseases 21 due
21 due 25 to
21 due 33 part
22 , 24 part
22 , 25 to
23 in 24 part
25 to 29 conditioning
25 to 31 ,
26 high 27 -
26 high 28 dose
28 dose 29 conditioning
32 in 33 part
33 part 35 to
35 to 36 graft
36 graft 38 versus
38 versus 41 effects
40 tumor 41 effects

reduced - intensity [or] [non] [-] myeloablative conditioning regimens have relied mostly on graft - [versus] [-] tumor effects for disease control , and their advent has allowed relatively older [and] medically infirm patients to be offered allo - hct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 regimens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 relied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 offered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 reduced 2 -
1 reduced 9 regimens
3 intensity 9 regimens
7 myeloablative 9 regimens
8 conditioning 9 regimens
9 regimens 10 have
10 have 11 relied
11 relied 12 mostly
12 mostly 13 on
13 on 14 graft
15 - 19 effects
15 - 24 and
18 tumor 19 effects
19 effects 20 for
20 for 22 control
21 disease 22 control
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 advent
24 and 28 allowed
25 their 26 advent
26 advent 27 has
27 has 28 allowed
28 allowed 34 patients
28 allowed 35 to
29 relatively 30 older
30 older 34 patients
32 medically 33 infirm
33 infirm 34 patients
35 to 36 be
36 be 37 offered
37 offered 40 hct
38 allo 39 -
38 allo 40 hct

however , both hct modalities have been associated with organ toxicities and graft - [versus] - host disease , resulting in substantial [non] - relapse mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 modalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 modalities
3 both 5 modalities
4 hct 5 modalities
5 modalities 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 and
9 with 20 resulting
10 organ 11 toxicities
11 toxicities 12 and
12 and 13 graft
12 and 14 -
12 and 18 disease
16 - 18 disease
17 host 18 disease
18 disease 19 ,
20 resulting 21 in
21 in 26 mortality
22 substantial 24 -
22 substantial 25 relapse
25 relapse 26 mortality

it has become [increasingly] important to optimize pre - transplant risk assessment in order to improve hct decision making and clinical trial assignments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 become
3 become 23 assignments
5 important 6 to
5 important 7 optimize
5 important 20 and
6 to 7 optimize
7 optimize 12 assessment
7 optimize 13 in
8 pre 9 -
8 pre 10 transplant
10 transplant 12 assessment
11 risk 12 assessment
13 in 14 order
14 order 15 to
14 order 16 improve
15 to 16 improve
16 improve 19 making
17 hct 19 making
18 decision 19 making
20 and 21 clinical
20 and 23 assignments
22 trial 23 assignments

single - organ comorbidity involving liver , lung , heart , or kidney before hct has been traditionally found to cause organ toxicity after hct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 single 2 -
1 single 4 comorbidity
3 organ 4 comorbidity
4 comorbidity 5 involving
4 comorbidity 7 ,
5 involving 6 liver
7 , 8 lung
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 heart
9 , 12 or
11 , 12 or
12 or 13 kidney
12 or 14 before
12 or 16 has
14 before 15 hct
16 has 17 been
17 been 19 found
18 traditionally 19 found
19 found 20 to
20 to 21 cause
21 cause 23 toxicity
21 cause 24 after
22 organ 23 toxicity
24 after 25 hct

recent efforts have resulted in the advent of a weighted scoring system that could sensitively capture multiple - organ comorbidities prior to hct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 recent 2 efforts
1 recent 3 have
1 recent 4 resulted
2 efforts 3 have
4 resulted 5 in
4 resulted 22 to
5 in 7 advent
6 the 7 advent
7 advent 8 of
8 of 12 system
9 a 12 system
10 weighted 12 system
11 scoring 12 system
12 system 13 that
12 system 16 capture
13 that 14 could
14 could 16 capture
15 sensitively 16 capture
16 capture 20 comorbidities
17 multiple 18 -
17 multiple 19 organ
19 organ 20 comorbidities
21 prior 22 to
22 to 23 hct

the hct - comorbidity [index] ( hct - ci ) has provided better prediction of hct - related morbidity and mortality than [other] [non] - hct - specific indices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 the 2 hct
2 hct 4 comorbidity
2 hct 11 has
3 - 4 comorbidity
4 comorbidity 7 hct
4 comorbidity 10 )
6 ( 7 hct
7 hct 9 ci
7 hct 10 )
8 - 9 ci
9 ci 10 )
11 has 12 provided
12 provided 14 prediction
13 better 14 prediction
14 prediction 15 of
15 of 16 hct
17 - 18 related
18 related 20 and
18 related 22 than
18 related 27 -
19 morbidity 20 and
20 and 21 mortality
25 - 27 -
26 hct 27 -
27 - 29 indices
27 - 30 .
28 specific 29 indices

subsequent studies , with the exception of a few studies with modest numbers of patients , have confirmed the prognostic importance of the hct - ci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 subsequent 2 studies
2 studies 4 with
2 studies 17 have
3 , 4 with
4 with 6 exception
4 with 11 with
4 with 16 ,
5 the 6 exception
6 exception 7 of
7 of 10 studies
8 a 9 few
9 few 10 studies
11 with 15 patients
12 modest 13 numbers
13 numbers 14 of
13 numbers 15 patients
14 of 15 patients
17 have 18 confirmed
18 confirmed 21 importance
19 the 21 importance
20 prognostic 21 importance
21 importance 22 of
22 of 24 hct
23 the 24 hct
25 - 26 ci
25 - 27 .

further , the hct [-] ci has been consolidated with various disease - specific and patient - specific risk factors to refine assignments of patients to the appropriate hct setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 consolidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 6 ci
3 the 6 ci
4 hct 6 ci
6 ci 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 consolidated
9 consolidated 10 with
9 consolidated 21 to
10 with 12 disease
10 with 20 factors
11 various 12 disease
12 disease 15 and
13 - 15 and
14 specific 15 and
15 and 16 patient
15 and 17 -
18 specific 20 factors
19 risk 20 factors
21 to 22 refine
22 refine 23 assignments
23 assignments 24 of
23 assignments 26 to
24 of 25 patients
26 to 30 setting
27 the 30 setting
28 appropriate 30 setting
29 hct 30 setting

ongoing studies are addressing prospective validation of the hct - ci , furthering our understanding of biological aging , and enhancing the applicability of the hct - ci comorbidity coding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 ongoing 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 addressing
4 addressing 6 validation
4 addressing 13 furthering
5 prospective 6 validation
6 validation 7 of
7 of 9 hct
8 the 9 hct
9 hct 11 ci
10 - 11 ci
11 ci 12 ,
12 , 13 furthering
13 furthering 20 and
13 furthering 23 applicability
13 furthering 31 .
14 our 15 understanding
15 understanding 16 of
15 understanding 20 and
16 of 18 aging
17 biological 18 aging
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 enhancing
22 the 23 applicability
23 applicability 24 of
24 of 26 hct
25 the 26 hct
26 hct 29 comorbidity
27 - 29 comorbidity
28 ci 29 comorbidity
29 comorbidity 30 coding
29 comorbidity 31 .

future knowledge of the impacts of multiple comorbidities on post [-] hct toxicities might guide new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to lessen the procedure 's mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 guide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 future 2 knowledge
2 knowledge 3 of
2 knowledge 14 might
3 of 5 impacts
4 the 5 impacts
5 impacts 6 of
5 impacts 12 hct
5 impacts 13 toxicities
6 of 8 comorbidities
7 multiple 8 comorbidities
8 comorbidities 9 on
9 on 10 post
12 hct 13 toxicities
14 might 15 guide
15 guide 20 interventions
15 guide 21 to
16 new 20 interventions
17 prophylactic 18 and
18 and 19 therapeutic
18 and 20 interventions
21 to 22 lessen
22 lessen 26 mortality
23 the 24 procedure
24 procedure 25 's
25 's 26 mortality

many of the complications of hemophilia , including intracranial hemorrhage , joint disease , and inhibitor development , increase with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 many 2 of
1 many 5 of
1 many 15 and
2 of 4 complications
3 the 4 complications
5 of 6 hemophilia
6 hemophilia 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 10 hemorrhage
8 including 14 ,
9 intracranial 10 hemorrhage
10 hemorrhage 13 disease
11 , 13 disease
12 joint 13 disease
13 disease 14 ,
15 and 17 development
16 inhibitor 17 development
18 , 19 increase
19 increase 20 with
20 with 21 increasing
21 increasing 22 age

hepatocellular carcinoma and end - stage liver disease [are] increasing in the older hemophilia population due to infection with hepatitis c ( hcv ) and hcv/hiv coinfection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 hepatocellular 2 carcinoma
2 carcinoma 3 and
3 and 4 end
3 and 8 disease
3 and 25 and
5 - 8 disease
6 stage 7 liver
7 liver 8 disease
8 disease 10 increasing
8 disease 11 in
8 disease 23 hcv
8 disease 24 )
11 in 15 population
12 the 15 population
13 older 14 hemophilia
14 hemophilia 15 population
15 population 17 to
16 due 17 to
17 to 18 infection
18 infection 19 with
19 with 20 hepatitis
20 hepatitis 21 c
22 ( 23 hcv
23 hcv 24 )
25 and 27 coinfection
26 hcv/hiv 27 coinfection

older hemophilia patients also now face the same medical conditions associated with aging in the general population , including cardiovascular disease and cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 face
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 older 2 hemophilia
2 hemophilia 3 patients
3 patients 6 face
4 also 6 face
5 now 6 face
6 face 22 and
7 the 8 same
8 same 10 conditions
9 medical 10 conditions
10 conditions 11 associated
10 conditions 12 with
10 conditions 18 ,
12 with 13 aging
13 aging 14 in
14 in 17 population
15 the 17 population
16 general 17 population
18 , 21 disease
18 , 22 and
19 including 21 disease
20 cardiovascular 21 disease
22 and 23 cancer

complex hemostatic management , sometimes in conjunction with antithrombotic management , [with] extensive [cross] - specialty clinical and laboratory coordination may be required for the care of the older hemophilia patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 complex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 complex 3 management
2 hemostatic 3 management
4 , 20 coordination
4 , 23 required
5 sometimes 20 coordination
6 in 7 conjunction
7 conjunction 8 with
8 with 10 management
8 with 11 ,
8 with 20 coordination
9 antithrombotic 10 management
13 extensive 15 -
13 extensive 20 coordination
16 specialty 20 coordination
17 clinical 18 and
18 and 19 laboratory
18 and 20 coordination
20 coordination 21 may
21 may 22 be
22 be 23 required
23 required 24 for
24 for 26 care
25 the 26 care
26 care 27 of
27 of 31 patient
28 the 31 patient
29 older 30 hemophilia
30 hemophilia 31 patient

because elderly hemophilia patients currently represent a small portion of the overall hemophilia population , there is little in the way of clinical data to guide recommendations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 because 4 patients
1 because 6 represent
1 because 15 ,
1 because 16 there
2 elderly 4 patients
3 hemophilia 4 patients
4 patients 6 represent
5 currently 6 represent
6 represent 9 portion
7 a 9 portion
8 small 9 portion
9 portion 10 of
10 of 14 population
11 the 14 population
12 overall 13 hemophilia
13 hemophilia 14 population
16 there 17 is
17 is 18 little
18 little 19 in
19 in 21 way
20 the 21 way
21 way 22 of
21 way 25 to
21 way 26 guide
22 of 24 data
23 clinical 24 data
25 to 26 guide
26 guide 27 recommendations

registry databases and cooperative group studies are needed for the development of evidence - based guidelines for the older hemophilia population , which is anticipated to expand in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 registry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 databases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 registry 2 databases
3 and 6 studies
3 and 27 expand
4 cooperative 5 group
5 group 6 studies
6 studies 7 are
7 are 8 needed
8 needed 9 for
8 needed 26 to
9 for 11 development
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 of
11 development 23 which
11 development 24 is
12 of 13 evidence
13 evidence 16 guidelines
14 - 16 guidelines
15 based 16 guidelines
16 guidelines 17 for
16 guidelines 22 ,
17 for 21 population
18 the 21 population
19 older 20 hemophilia
20 hemophilia 21 population
23 which 24 is
24 is 25 anticipated
26 to 27 expand
27 expand 28 in
28 in 30 future
29 the 30 future

acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) [in] [adults] is a rare disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leukemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 acute 3 leukemia
2 lymphoblastic 3 leukemia
3 leukemia 5 all
3 leukemia 9 is
4 ( 5 all
5 all 6 )
9 is 12 disease
10 a 11 rare
10 a 12 disease
11 rare 12 disease

the results of therapy remain unsatisfactory , and progress has been relatively slow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 5 remain
3 of 4 therapy
5 remain 6 unsatisfactory
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 progress
8 and 11 been
9 progress 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 13 slow
12 relatively 13 slow

this article will focus on curative therapy in patients aged 30 to 60 years , but will also discuss the management of elderly patients with all . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 4 focus
2 article 3 will
3 will 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
4 focus 16 but
5 on 7 therapy
6 curative 7 therapy
7 therapy 8 in
8 in 9 patients
10 aged 14 years
10 aged 16 but
11 30 12 to
12 to 13 60
12 to 14 years
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 will
17 will 19 discuss
18 also 19 discuss
19 discuss 21 management
19 discuss 25 with
20 the 21 management
21 management 22 of
22 of 24 patients
23 elderly 24 patients
25 with 26 all

recent large trials have increased our knowledge of [the] factors that [determine] outcome , and have clarified the role of blood and marrow transplantation in the management of this disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 recent 3 trials
1 recent 8 of
1 recent 15 and
2 large 3 trials
3 trials 4 have
4 have 5 increased
5 increased 7 knowledge
6 our 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 8 of
10 factors 13 outcome
10 factors 15 and
11 that 13 outcome
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 have
16 have 17 clarified
17 clarified 19 role
17 clarified 25 in
18 the 19 role
19 role 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 blood 22 and
22 and 24 transplantation
23 marrow 24 transplantation
25 in 27 management
26 the 27 management
27 management 28 of
28 of 30 disease
29 this 30 disease

these trials have also highlighted the major issues we need to focus on if we are to improve outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 trials
2 trials 3 have
3 have 5 highlighted
4 also 5 highlighted
5 highlighted 8 issues
6 the 8 issues
7 major 8 issues
8 issues 9 we
8 issues 10 need
9 we 10 need
10 need 11 to
10 need 12 focus
11 to 12 focus
12 focus 13 on
13 on 14 if
14 if 15 we
14 if 16 are
15 we 16 are
16 are 17 to
17 to 18 improve
18 improve 19 outcomes

this article describes the results of chemotherapy and blood and marrow transplantation for philadelphia chromosome negative and positive adult all in the " older " adult patient , but also critically examines the major controversies and [suggests] how they might be resolved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 resolved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 29 but
3 describes 10 and
3 describes 13 for
3 describes 21 in
3 describes 29 but
4 the 10 and
5 results 6 of
5 results 10 and
6 of 8 and
7 chemotherapy 8 and
8 and 9 blood
10 and 12 transplantation
11 marrow 12 transplantation
13 for 20 all
14 philadelphia 20 all
15 chromosome 20 all
16 negative 17 and
17 and 18 positive
17 and 19 adult
19 adult 20 all
21 in 27 patient
22 the 23 "
22 the 27 patient
24 older 25 "
24 older 27 patient
26 adult 27 patient
28 , 29 but
29 but 32 examines
30 also 32 examines
31 critically 32 examines
32 examines 36 and
32 examines 42 resolved
33 the 35 controversies
34 major 35 controversies
35 controversies 36 and
36 and 38 how
36 and 39 they
36 and 41 be
36 and 42 resolved
39 they 40 might
40 might 41 be

the role of allografting in adult all is comprehensively discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 8 is
3 of 4 allografting
4 allografting 5 in
5 in 7 all
6 adult 7 all
8 is 10 discussed
9 comprehensively 10 discussed

results of recent studies on t - cell all and reduced [-] intensity allografting are reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 10 and
2 of 4 studies
2 of 7 -
2 of 10 and
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 on
5 on 6 t
8 cell 9 all
9 all 10 and
10 and 14 allografting
10 and 15 are
11 reduced 13 intensity
13 intensity 14 allografting
15 are 16 reviewed

a better understanding of the biology of the disease ( including gene profiling ) may allow individualization of therapy [and] , in time , targeted therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 3 understanding
2 better 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 15 may
4 of 6 biology
5 the 6 biology
6 biology 7 of
7 of 9 disease
8 the 9 disease
9 disease 11 including
10 ( 11 including
11 including 13 profiling
11 including 14 )
12 gene 13 profiling
15 may 16 allow
16 allow 17 individualization
16 allow 26 therapy
17 individualization 18 of
17 individualization 25 targeted
18 of 19 therapy
19 therapy 22 in
21 , 22 in
22 in 23 time
22 in 24 ,

the availability of dermal fillers for multiple cosmetic indications has led to a dramatic increase in their application . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 availability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 availability
2 availability 3 of
2 availability 10 has
3 of 5 fillers
4 dermal 5 fillers
5 fillers 6 for
6 for 9 indications
7 multiple 9 indications
8 cosmetic 9 indications
10 has 11 led
11 led 12 to
11 led 16 in
12 to 15 increase
13 a 14 dramatic
13 a 15 increase
14 dramatic 15 increase
16 in 18 application
17 their 18 application

although fillers are generally regarded as safe tools for soft tissue augmentation , complications can occur . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 complications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 although 2 fillers
1 although 5 regarded
1 although 13 ,
1 although 14 complications
2 fillers 3 are
3 are 4 generally
3 are 5 regarded
5 regarded 6 as
6 as 8 tools
7 safe 8 tools
8 tools 9 for
9 for 12 augmentation
10 soft 11 tissue
11 tissue 12 augmentation
14 complications 15 can
15 can 16 occur

therefore , [to] describe [and] review the complications associated with the currently [-] available dermal filling agents , the authors conducted [a] literature review in peer - reviewed journals and present the reported complication rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 describe
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 describe
4 describe 6 review
4 describe 10 with
6 review 8 complications
6 review 9 associated
7 the 8 complications
8 complications 9 associated
10 with 17 agents
11 the 17 agents
12 currently 14 available
14 available 16 filling
15 dermal 16 filling
16 filling 17 agents
17 agents 24 review
18 , 24 review
19 the 24 review
20 authors 21 conducted
21 conducted 23 literature
23 literature 24 review
24 review 25 in
24 review 30 and
24 review 36 .
25 in 26 peer
27 - 30 and
28 reviewed 29 journals
29 journals 30 and
30 and 31 present
30 and 34 complication
30 and 35 rates
30 and 36 .
32 the 34 complication
33 reported 34 complication
34 complication 35 rates

they also describe current strategies to avoid , diagnose , [and] manage complications if they do occur . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 they 8 ,
2 also 3 describe
3 describe 5 strategies
3 describe 8 ,
4 current 5 strategies
5 strategies 6 to
5 strategies 7 avoid
6 to 7 avoid
8 , 9 diagnose
10 , 12 manage
12 manage 13 complications
12 manage 14 if
14 if 15 they
14 if 17 occur
15 they 16 do
16 do 17 occur

background : characteristics of the aging face include soft tissue atrophy , loss of skin elasticity resulting in excess facial skin , and gravitational descent or ptosis of facial soft tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 26 or
3 characteristics 4 of
3 characteristics 23 and
4 of 11 atrophy
5 the 11 atrophy
6 aging 7 face
7 face 11 atrophy
8 include 11 atrophy
9 soft 10 tissue
10 tissue 11 atrophy
11 atrophy 13 loss
12 , 13 loss
13 loss 14 of
13 loss 17 resulting
13 loss 22 ,
14 of 16 elasticity
15 skin 16 elasticity
17 resulting 18 in
18 in 21 skin
19 excess 21 skin
20 facial 21 skin
23 and 25 descent
23 and 26 or
24 gravitational 25 descent
26 or 27 ptosis
26 or 28 of
28 of 31 tissues
29 facial 31 tissues
30 soft 31 tissues

poly - l - lactic acid ( plla ) is a synthetic biodegradable polymer that provides soft tissue augmentation through stimulation of an inflammatory tissue response with subsequent collagen deposition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 poly
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 poly 3 l
1 poly 6 acid
1 poly 10 is
2 - 3 l
3 l 4 -
4 - 6 acid
5 lactic 6 acid
6 acid 8 plla
6 acid 9 )
7 ( 8 plla
8 plla 9 )
10 is 14 polymer
11 a 12 synthetic
11 a 14 polymer
12 synthetic 14 polymer
13 biodegradable 14 polymer
14 polymer 15 that
14 polymer 16 provides
15 that 16 provides
16 provides 19 augmentation
16 provides 20 through
16 provides 27 with
17 soft 18 tissue
18 tissue 19 augmentation
20 through 21 stimulation
21 stimulation 22 of
22 of 26 response
23 an 26 response
24 inflammatory 26 response
25 tissue 26 response
27 with 30 deposition
28 subsequent 29 collagen
29 collagen 30 deposition

objective : the authors discuss the special considerations inherent in facial aging , describe the mechanism of action and indications for a new plla filler under consideration for food and drug administration ( fda ) approval ( sculptra aesthetic , sanofi - aventis us , bridgewater , new jersey ) , and detail [the] results of a two [-] year [off] - label pilot study with the product . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 13 ,
5 discuss 8 considerations
5 discuss 13 ,
6 the 8 considerations
7 special 8 considerations
8 considerations 9 inherent
8 considerations 12 aging
9 inherent 10 in
10 in 11 facial
13 , 14 describe
13 , 21 for
13 , 25 filler
14 describe 16 mechanism
15 the 16 mechanism
16 mechanism 17 of
17 of 19 and
18 action 19 and
19 and 20 indications
21 for 24 plla
22 a 23 new
22 a 24 plla
23 new 24 plla
25 filler 26 under
26 under 36 approval
27 consideration 28 for
27 consideration 30 and
28 for 29 food
30 and 31 drug
30 and 36 approval
32 administration 34 fda
33 ( 34 fda
34 fda 35 )
34 fda 36 approval
36 approval 39 aesthetic
36 approval 42 -
37 ( 39 aesthetic
38 sculptra 39 aesthetic
39 aesthetic 40 ,
40 , 42 -
41 sanofi 42 -
42 - 52 and
43 aventis 44 us
44 us 45 ,
45 , 46 bridgewater
45 , 52 and
46 bridgewater 49 jersey
47 , 49 jersey
48 new 49 jersey
49 jersey 50 )
51 , 52 and
52 and 55 results
53 detail 55 results
55 results 56 of
56 of 60 year
57 a 60 year
58 two 60 year
60 year 65 study
62 - 65 study
63 label 64 pilot
64 pilot 65 study
65 study 66 with
65 study 69 .
66 with 68 product
67 the 68 product

methods : the senior author ( lac ) treated 106 patients with plla in an [off] [-] label indication , as part of a pilot study while sculptra aesthetic was being evaluated for fda approval for cosmetic indications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 5 author
2 : 9 treated
2 : 20 ,
3 the 5 author
4 senior 5 author
5 author 7 lac
5 author 9 treated
6 ( 7 lac
7 lac 8 )
9 treated 11 patients
9 treated 12 with
9 treated 14 in
10 106 11 patients
12 with 13 plla
14 in 19 indication
15 an 19 indication
18 label 19 indication
20 , 29 aesthetic
20 , 30 was
21 as 22 part
21 as 29 aesthetic
22 part 23 of
23 of 26 study
24 a 26 study
25 pilot 26 study
27 while 28 sculptra
27 while 29 aesthetic
29 aesthetic 30 was
30 was 31 being
31 being 32 evaluated
32 evaluated 33 for
33 for 35 approval
34 fda 35 approval
35 approval 36 for
36 for 38 indications
37 cosmetic 38 indications

all patients were followed up for two years to help develop a protocol for injection technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 followed
4 followed 5 up
4 followed 6 for
4 followed 9 to
6 for 8 years
7 two 8 years
9 to 10 help
10 help 11 develop
11 develop 13 protocol
12 a 13 protocol
13 protocol 14 for
14 for 16 technique
15 injection 16 technique

results : the age range of patients in this series was 40 to 78 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 range
2 : 11 was
2 : 16 .
3 the 5 range
4 age 5 range
5 range 6 of
5 range 11 was
6 of 7 patients
7 patients 8 in
8 in 10 series
9 this 10 series
11 was 15 years
12 40 13 to
13 to 14 78
13 to 15 years

three patients were male and 103 were female . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 three 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 male
5 and 6 103
5 and 7 were
6 103 7 were
7 were 8 female

patients received an average injection of 1.6 vials per session , over an average of 2.3 sessions , to achieve volume restoration in the tear trough , midface , malar region , nasolabial folds , prejowl area , mandibular border , and mandibular angle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 patients 2 received
2 received 5 injection
2 received 12 over
2 received 19 to
3 an 5 injection
4 average 5 injection
5 injection 6 of
6 of 8 vials
7 1.6 8 vials
8 vials 9 per
9 per 10 session
11 , 12 over
12 over 14 average
12 over 18 ,
13 an 14 average
14 average 15 of
15 of 17 sessions
16 2.3 17 sessions
18 , 19 to
19 to 20 achieve
19 to 27 ,
20 achieve 22 restoration
20 achieve 23 in
21 volume 22 restoration
23 in 26 trough
24 the 26 trough
25 tear 26 trough
27 , 42 and
28 midface 29 ,
29 , 31 region
29 , 32 ,
30 malar 31 region
32 , 34 folds
32 , 35 ,
33 nasolabial 34 folds
35 , 37 area
35 , 38 ,
36 prejowl 37 area
38 , 40 border
38 , 42 and
39 mandibular 40 border
41 , 42 and
42 and 44 angle
43 mandibular 44 angle

the authors we achieved 100 % follow - up with 99.1 % patient satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 we
2 authors 4 achieved
2 authors 7 follow
3 we 4 achieved
4 achieved 6 %
5 100 6 %
8 - 9 up
8 - 15 .
9 up 10 with
9 up 14 satisfaction
10 with 12 %
11 99.1 12 %
13 patient 14 satisfaction

the rate of nodule formation was 4.7 % at a minimum follow - [up] [of] two years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 6 was
3 of 5 formation
4 nodule 5 formation
6 was 17 years
7 4.7 8 %
7 4.7 13 -
8 % 9 at
8 % 12 follow
9 at 11 minimum
10 a 11 minimum
13 - 16 two
13 - 17 years

conclusions : because of its unique mechanism of action , plla for nonsurgical facial rejuvenation requires meticulous injection technique with special considerations for optimizing outcomes and minimizing adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 of
3 because 4 of
4 of 7 mechanism
5 its 7 mechanism
6 unique 7 mechanism
7 mechanism 8 of
8 of 9 action
10 , 11 plla
10 , 16 requires
11 plla 12 for
11 plla 16 requires
12 for 15 rejuvenation
13 nonsurgical 15 rejuvenation
14 facial 15 rejuvenation
16 requires 19 technique
17 meticulous 18 injection
18 injection 19 technique
19 technique 20 with
19 technique 23 for
20 with 22 considerations
21 special 22 considerations
23 for 24 optimizing
24 optimizing 26 and
25 outcomes 26 and
26 and 29 events
27 minimizing 29 events
28 adverse 29 events

background : hollow temples are a common sign of aging , contributing to the upper face appearing " pinched " and the brows appearing short and ptotic . 
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 hollow
3 hollow 4 temples
3 hollow 10 aging
4 temples 5 are
5 are 8 sign
6 a 8 sign
7 common 8 sign
8 sign 9 of
9 of 10 aging
10 aging 12 contributing
11 , 12 contributing
12 contributing 13 to
12 contributing 28 .
13 to 21 and
14 the 16 face
15 upper 16 face
16 face 17 appearing
16 face 19 pinched
16 face 21 and
17 appearing 18 "
19 pinched 20 "
21 and 23 brows
22 the 23 brows
23 brows 24 appearing
24 appearing 26 and
25 short 26 and
26 and 27 ptotic

many treatments have been described for this area [,] including fat injections and implants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 many 2 treatments
2 treatments 13 and
3 have 4 been
3 have 13 and
4 been 5 described
5 described 6 for
6 for 8 area
7 this 8 area
8 area 10 including
10 including 12 injections
11 fat 12 injections
13 and 14 implants

however , traditional injection techniques have not proven entirely satisfactory in correcting the problem without resulting irregularities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 techniques
3 traditional 4 injection
4 injection 5 techniques
5 techniques 6 have
6 have 7 not
6 have 8 proven
8 proven 9 entirely
8 proven 10 satisfactory
10 satisfactory 11 in
11 in 12 correcting
12 correcting 14 problem
12 correcting 15 without
13 the 14 problem
15 without 17 irregularities
16 resulting 17 irregularities

objectives : the author describes a technical refinement wherein diluted hyaluronic acid ( ha ) fillers are injected into the temple . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 author
2 : 5 describes
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 author
4 author 5 describes
5 describes 8 refinement
5 describes 9 wherein
6 a 7 technical
6 a 8 refinement
7 technical 8 refinement
9 wherein 16 fillers
9 wherein 18 injected
10 diluted 16 fillers
11 hyaluronic 16 fillers
12 acid 14 ha
12 acid 16 fillers
13 ( 14 ha
14 ha 15 )
16 fillers 17 are
17 are 18 injected
18 injected 19 into
19 into 21 temple
20 the 21 temple

methods : thus far , a series of 40 patients has been treated over 18 months with the author 's technique , which involves diluting the ha filler by a ratio of approximately two to one ( diluent to filler ) [and] injecting the temple as evenly as possible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 thus
2 : 4 far
5 , 7 series
5 , 13 treated
6 a 7 series
7 series 8 of
7 series 11 has
8 of 10 patients
9 40 10 patients
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 treated
13 treated 14 over
13 treated 17 with
14 over 16 months
15 18 16 months
17 with 21 technique
18 the 19 author
19 author 20 's
20 's 21 technique
21 technique 23 which
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 involves
23 which 50 .
24 involves 25 diluting
25 diluting 28 filler
26 the 28 filler
27 ha 28 filler
28 filler 29 by
29 by 31 ratio
30 a 31 ratio
31 ratio 32 of
32 of 34 two
33 approximately 34 two
34 two 35 to
34 two 43 injecting
35 to 36 one
36 one 38 diluent
37 ( 38 diluent
38 diluent 39 to
38 diluent 41 )
39 to 40 filler
43 injecting 45 temple
43 injecting 47 evenly
43 injecting 49 possible
44 the 45 temple
46 as 47 evenly
48 as 49 possible

as the saline component absorbs [,] the filling material is distributed more evenly in the temple than with undiluted filler . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 material
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 distributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 as 4 component
1 as 5 absorbs
1 as 9 material
2 the 4 component
3 saline 4 component
4 component 5 absorbs
5 absorbs 8 filling
7 the 8 filling
9 material 10 is
10 is 11 distributed
11 distributed 13 evenly
11 distributed 14 in
11 distributed 17 than
12 more 13 evenly
14 in 16 temple
15 the 16 temple
17 than 18 with
18 with 20 filler
19 undiluted 20 filler

results : patients experienced improved results , with a smoother appearance to the brow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 5 improved
3 patients 4 experienced
3 patients 5 improved
5 improved 6 results
6 results 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 11 appearance
8 with 15 .
9 a 11 appearance
10 smoother 11 appearance
11 appearance 12 to
12 to 14 brow
13 the 14 brow

there were no instances of complications requiring dissolution of the product with hyaluronidase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 instances
3 no 4 instances
4 instances 5 of
5 of 6 complications
6 complications 7 requiring
7 requiring 8 dissolution
7 requiring 12 with
8 dissolution 9 of
9 of 11 product
10 the 11 product
12 with 13 hyaluronidase

irregularities proved minor and easily correctable ; no intravascular complications were noted in this series of patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 irregularities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 irregularities 2 proved
2 proved 4 and
3 minor 4 and
4 and 6 correctable
5 easily 6 correctable
7 ; 10 complications
7 ; 12 noted
8 no 10 complications
9 intravascular 10 complications
10 complications 11 were
11 were 12 noted
12 noted 13 in
13 in 15 series
14 this 15 series
15 series 16 of
16 of 17 patients

clinical photographs demonstrate improvement in the " pinched " upper face and an apparent elongation of the brows . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 photographs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 clinical 2 photographs
2 photographs 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 improvement
3 demonstrate 5 in
5 in 12 and
6 the 7 "
6 the 11 face
8 pinched 9 "
8 pinched 11 face
10 upper 11 face
11 face 12 and
12 and 15 elongation
12 and 16 of
13 an 14 apparent
13 an 15 elongation
14 apparent 15 elongation
16 of 18 brows
17 the 18 brows

the author estimates , based on prior experience , that duration of effect will be approximately two to three years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 author
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 author
2 author 3 estimates
3 estimates 5 based
3 estimates 10 that
4 , 5 based
5 based 6 on
5 based 9 ,
6 on 8 experience
7 prior 8 experience
10 that 11 duration
10 that 15 be
11 duration 12 of
11 duration 14 will
12 of 13 effect
14 will 15 be
15 be 20 years
16 approximately 18 to
17 two 18 to
18 to 19 three
18 to 20 years

conclusions : dilution of the ha fillers administered for brow treatment results in a more even distribution of the product and a lower morbidity than previously described techniques , making temple treatment far easier than in the past . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 dilution
2 : 12 results
2 : 21 and
3 dilution 4 of
3 dilution 12 results
4 of 7 fillers
5 the 7 fillers
6 ha 7 fillers
7 fillers 8 administered
8 administered 9 for
9 for 11 treatment
10 brow 11 treatment
12 results 13 in
13 in 17 distribution
14 a 17 distribution
15 more 16 even
16 even 17 distribution
17 distribution 18 of
18 of 20 product
19 the 20 product
21 and 24 morbidity
21 and 27 described
22 a 24 morbidity
23 lower 24 morbidity
24 morbidity 27 described
25 than 27 described
26 previously 27 described
27 described 28 techniques
28 techniques 30 making
29 , 30 making
30 making 32 treatment
30 making 38 past
30 making 39 .
31 temple 32 treatment
32 treatment 34 easier
33 far 34 easier
34 easier 35 than
35 than 36 in
37 the 38 past

advancing age is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advancing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 advancing 2 age
1 advancing 3 is
3 is 7 factor
4 a 7 factor
5 major 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor
7 factor 8 for
8 for 11 disease
9 coronary 10 artery
10 artery 11 disease

endothelial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation with aging may predispose older arteries to greater ischemia - reperfusion ( i/r ) injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 predispose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 endothelial 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 accompanied
2 dysfunction 12 may
3 accompanied 4 by
3 accompanied 10 with
4 by 8 and
5 increased 7 stress
6 oxidative 7 stress
7 stress 8 and
8 and 9 inflammation
10 with 11 aging
12 may 13 predispose
13 predispose 15 arteries
13 predispose 16 to
14 older 15 arteries
16 to 24 injury
17 greater 24 injury
18 ischemia 20 reperfusion
18 ischemia 23 )
18 ischemia 24 injury
19 - 20 reperfusion
20 reperfusion 22 i/r
20 reperfusion 23 )
21 ( 22 i/r
22 i/r 23 )

because coronary artery ischemia cannot be induced safely , the effects of age and habitual endurance exercise on endothelial i/r injury have not been determined in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 because 4 ischemia
1 because 7 induced
1 because 11 effects
2 coronary 3 artery
3 artery 4 ischemia
4 ischemia 5 cannot
5 cannot 6 be
6 be 7 induced
8 safely 9 ,
8 safely 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
11 effects 22 have
12 of 14 and
13 age 14 and
14 and 17 exercise
14 and 18 on
15 habitual 16 endurance
16 endurance 17 exercise
18 on 21 injury
19 endothelial 21 injury
20 i/r 21 injury
22 have 23 not
22 have 24 been
24 been 25 determined
25 determined 26 in
26 in 27 humans

[using] the brachial artery [as] [a] surrogate model of the coronary arteries , endothelial function , assessed by brachial artery flow - mediated dilation ( fmd ) , was measured before and after 20 min of continuous forearm occlusion in young sedentary ( n = 10 , 24 ± 2 [yr] [ )( middle - aged ( n = 9 , 48 ± 2 yr [ )(sedentary adults [to] gain insight into the effects of primary aging on endothelial i/r injury . 
2 the 8 model
3 brachial 8 model
4 artery 7 surrogate
7 surrogate 8 model
8 model 9 of
8 model 17 assessed
9 of 12 arteries
10 the 12 arteries
11 coronary 12 arteries
12 arteries 15 function
13 , 15 function
14 endothelial 15 function
15 function 16 ,
17 assessed 21 flow
17 assessed 29 was
18 by 20 artery
18 by 21 flow
19 brachial 20 artery
21 flow 24 dilation
21 flow 29 was
22 - 24 dilation
23 mediated 24 dilation
24 dilation 26 fmd
24 dilation 28 ,
25 ( 26 fmd
26 fmd 27 )
29 was 30 measured
30 measured 32 and
30 measured 40 in
31 before 32 and
32 and 33 after
33 after 35 min
34 20 35 min
35 min 36 of
36 of 39 occlusion
37 continuous 38 forearm
38 forearm 39 occlusion
40 in 49 ±
41 young 49 ±
42 sedentary 45 =
42 sedentary 47 ,
42 sedentary 49 ±
43 ( 45 =
44 n 45 =
45 = 46 10
45 = 47 ,
48 24 49 ±
49 ± 50 2
49 ± 54 middle
50 2 54 middle
54 middle 56 aged
55 - 56 aged
56 aged 59 =
57 ( 59 =
58 n 59 =
59 = 60 9
60 9 71 insight
61 , 71 insight
62 48 70 gain
63 ± 68 adults
64 2 65 yr
65 yr 68 adults
67 )(sedentary 68 adults
68 adults 70 gain
70 gain 71 insight
71 insight 72 into
71 insight 75 of
71 insight 82 .
72 into 74 effects
73 the 74 effects
75 of 77 aging
76 primary 77 aging
77 aging 78 on
78 on 81 injury
79 endothelial 81 injury
80 i/r 81 injury

young ( n = 9 , 25 ± [1] yr ) and middle - aged endurance - trained ( n = 9 , 50 ± 2 yr [ )(adults were also studied to determine whether habitual exercise provides protection from i/r injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 young 4 =
1 young 10 yr
1 young 12 and
2 ( 4 =
3 n 4 =
4 = 5 9
6 , 10 yr
7 25 10 yr
8 ± 10 yr
10 yr 11 )
12 and 13 middle
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 aged
15 aged 16 endurance
16 endurance 18 trained
17 - 18 trained
18 trained 21 =
18 trained 23 ,
19 ( 21 =
20 n 21 =
21 = 22 9
21 = 23 ,
23 , 24 50
23 , 34 determine
24 50 29 )(adults
24 50 33 to
24 50 34 determine
25 ± 29 )(adults
26 2 27 yr
27 yr 29 )(adults
29 )(adults 30 were
30 were 32 studied
31 also 32 studied
32 studied 33 to
34 determine 35 whether
34 determine 40 from
35 whether 37 exercise
35 whether 38 provides
36 habitual 37 exercise
37 exercise 38 provides
38 provides 39 protection
40 from 42 injury
41 i/r 42 injury

fifteen minutes after ischemic injury , fmd decreased significantly by 37 % in young sedentary , 35 % in young endurance - trained , 68 % in middle - aged sedentary , and 50 % in middle - aged endurance - trained subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 fmd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
1 fifteen 2 minutes
2 minutes 3 after
3 after 5 injury
3 after 6 ,
3 after 7 fmd
4 ischemic 5 injury
7 fmd 8 decreased
7 fmd 21 endurance
7 fmd 23 trained
8 decreased 9 significantly
8 decreased 10 by
8 decreased 14 young
8 decreased 15 sedentary
10 by 13 in
11 37 13 in
12 % 13 in
16 , 21 endurance
17 35 19 in
18 % 19 in
19 in 21 endurance
20 young 21 endurance
21 endurance 22 -
24 , 28 middle
24 , 29 -
25 68 27 in
26 % 27 in
27 in 28 middle
29 - 43 subjects
29 - 44 .
30 aged 43 subjects
31 sedentary 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 37 middle
33 and 40 endurance
33 and 42 trained
34 50 36 in
35 % 36 in
36 in 37 middle
38 - 40 endurance
39 aged 40 endurance
40 endurance 41 -
42 trained 43 subjects

fmd returned to baseline levels within 30 min in young sedentary and endurance - trained subjects but remained depressed in middle [-] aged sedentary and endurance - trained subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 depressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 fmd 2 returned
1 fmd 12 and
2 returned 3 to
2 returned 6 within
2 returned 11 sedentary
3 to 5 levels
4 baseline 5 levels
6 within 9 in
7 30 9 in
8 min 9 in
10 young 11 sedentary
12 and 13 endurance
14 - 17 but
15 trained 16 subjects
15 trained 17 but
17 but 18 remained
18 remained 19 depressed
19 depressed 20 in
20 in 29 subjects
21 middle 23 aged
23 aged 29 subjects
24 sedentary 25 and
25 and 26 endurance
25 and 27 -
25 and 28 trained
25 and 29 subjects

circulating markers of antioxidant capacity and inflammation were not related to fmd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 circulating 2 markers
2 markers 3 of
2 markers 8 were
3 of 6 and
4 antioxidant 5 capacity
5 capacity 6 and
6 and 7 inflammation
8 were 9 not
8 were 11 to
9 not 10 related
11 to 12 fmd

in conclusion , advancing age is associated with a greater magnitude and delayed recovery from endothelial i/r injury in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 advancing
3 , 12 and
4 advancing 5 age
4 advancing 12 and
6 is 7 associated
6 is 12 and
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 magnitude
9 a 11 magnitude
10 greater 11 magnitude
12 and 13 delayed
13 delayed 14 recovery
13 delayed 19 in
14 recovery 15 from
15 from 18 injury
16 endothelial 18 injury
17 i/r 18 injury
19 in 20 humans

habitual endurance exercise may provide partial protection to the endothelium against this form of i/r injury with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 habitual 2 endurance
2 endurance 3 exercise
3 exercise 4 may
4 may 5 provide
5 provide 7 protection
5 provide 8 to
5 provide 11 against
6 partial 7 protection
8 to 10 endothelium
9 the 10 endothelium
11 against 13 form
12 this 13 form
13 form 14 of
14 of 16 injury
15 i/r 16 injury
16 injury 17 with
17 with 18 advancing
18 advancing 19 age

two longitudinal studies showed that if adults confront low opportunities to overcome regrets , [downward] social comparisons can exert self - protective functions across the adult life span , irrespective of age ( study 1 n = 104 young and older adults , study 2 n = 51 older adults ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
1 two 3 studies
2 longitudinal 3 studies
3 studies 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 6 if
4 showed 11 to
6 if 7 adults
6 if 8 confront
7 adults 8 confront
8 confront 10 opportunities
9 low 10 opportunities
11 to 14 ,
12 overcome 13 regrets
12 overcome 14 ,
14 , 19 exert
16 social 17 comparisons
17 comparisons 18 can
18 can 19 exert
19 exert 20 self
19 exert 31 of
20 self 23 functions
21 - 23 functions
22 protective 23 functions
23 functions 24 across
23 functions 29 ,
24 across 28 span
25 the 28 span
26 adult 27 life
27 life 28 span
30 irrespective 31 of
31 of 32 age
32 age 42 adults
33 ( 42 adults
34 study 37 =
34 study 42 adults
35 1 37 =
36 n 37 =
37 = 38 104
39 young 40 and
40 and 41 older
40 and 42 adults
42 adults 44 study
42 adults 52 .
43 , 44 study
44 study 45 2
44 study 47 =
44 study 51 )
46 n 47 =
47 = 50 adults
48 51 50 adults
49 older 50 adults

both studies [found] that [downward] relative to upward social comparisons were associated with improvements in participants ' positive ( but not negative ) [affect] , if they perceived low as opposed [to] high opportunities to overcome regrets . 
1 both 2 studies
2 studies 4 that
2 studies 11 were
2 studies 12 associated
4 that 6 relative
4 that 11 were
6 relative 7 to
7 to 10 comparisons
8 upward 10 comparisons
9 social 10 comparisons
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 26 if
13 with 14 improvements
13 with 18 positive
14 improvements 15 in
15 in 17 '
16 participants 17 '
18 positive 20 but
19 ( 20 but
20 but 21 not
20 but 23 )
21 not 22 negative
25 , 26 if
26 if 27 they
26 if 28 perceived
26 if 38 .
27 they 28 perceived
28 perceived 34 opportunities
28 perceived 35 to
28 perceived 36 overcome
29 low 33 high
30 as 31 opposed
31 opposed 33 high
33 high 34 opportunities
35 to 36 overcome
36 overcome 37 regrets

moreover , study 2 showed that this beneficial effect on change in positive [affect] mediated [the] experience of fewer cold symptoms over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 study
3 study 4 2
3 study 5 showed
5 showed 9 effect
5 showed 10 on
5 showed 12 in
5 showed 22 over
6 that 9 effect
7 this 8 beneficial
8 beneficial 9 effect
10 on 11 change
12 in 17 experience
13 positive 17 experience
15 mediated 17 experience
17 experience 18 of
18 of 21 symptoms
19 fewer 21 symptoms
20 cold 21 symptoms
22 over 23 time

supplemental analyses further indicated [that] the mechanism linking social comparison processes and opportunities [with] [positive] ( but not negative ) [affect] was associated with the capacity for goal reengagement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 supplemental 2 analyses
2 analyses 4 indicated
3 further 4 indicated
4 indicated 11 processes
6 the 11 processes
7 mechanism 11 processes
8 linking 10 comparison
9 social 10 comparison
10 comparison 11 processes
12 and 17 but
12 and 23 associated
13 opportunities 17 but
16 ( 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 19 negative
17 but 20 )
17 but 22 was
22 was 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 26 capacity
25 the 26 capacity
26 capacity 27 for
27 for 29 reengagement
28 goal 29 reengagement

in addition , these analyses showed that the obtained effects were largely unrelated to the severity of regret - related consequences and thus ruled out an alternative explanation of the findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 analyses
4 these 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
7 that 10 effects
7 that 11 were
8 the 10 effects
9 obtained 10 effects
10 effects 11 were
11 were 13 unrelated
12 largely 13 unrelated
13 unrelated 14 to
14 to 16 severity
15 the 16 severity
16 severity 17 of
17 of 18 regret
19 - 22 and
20 related 21 consequences
20 related 22 and
22 and 24 ruled
23 thus 24 ruled
24 ruled 25 out
24 ruled 28 explanation
26 an 27 alternative
26 an 28 explanation
27 alternative 28 explanation
28 explanation 29 of
29 of 31 findings
30 the 31 findings

the interest in skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signalling has increased exponentially in recent years as a consequence of their role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 interest
2 interest 3 in
2 interest 9 signalling
2 interest 10 has
3 in 7 and
4 skeletal 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 metabolism
6 metabolism 7 and
7 and 8 insulin
10 has 11 increased
11 increased 12 exponentially
11 increased 13 in
11 increased 16 as
11 increased 22 in
11 increased 29 mellitus
13 in 15 years
14 recent 15 years
16 as 18 consequence
17 a 18 consequence
18 consequence 19 of
19 of 21 role
20 their 21 role
22 in 24 development
23 the 24 development
24 development 25 of
25 of 26 type
26 type 27 2
28 diabetes 29 mellitus

despite this , the exact mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism and insulin signalling transduction remain elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 despite 2 this
1 despite 3 ,
1 despite 6 mechanisms
4 the 6 mechanisms
5 exact 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 involved
6 mechanisms 11 of
6 mechanisms 20 remain
7 involved 8 in
8 in 10 regulation
9 the 10 regulation
11 of 16 and
12 skeletal 13 muscle
13 muscle 15 metabolism
14 glycogen 15 metabolism
15 metabolism 16 and
16 and 17 insulin
16 and 18 signalling
18 signalling 19 transduction
20 remain 21 elusive

we believe that one of the reasons is that the role of intracellular compartmentalization as a regulator of metabolic pathways and signalling transduction has been rather ignored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 believe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 believe
2 believe 3 that
3 that 4 one
3 that 8 is
4 one 5 of
4 one 8 is
5 of 7 reasons
6 the 7 reasons
8 is 21 and
9 that 21 and
10 the 11 role
11 role 12 of
11 role 21 and
12 of 14 compartmentalization
13 intracellular 14 compartmentalization
14 compartmentalization 15 as
15 as 17 regulator
16 a 17 regulator
17 regulator 18 of
18 of 20 pathways
19 metabolic 20 pathways
21 and 22 signalling
21 and 23 transduction
21 and 25 been
21 and 27 ignored
23 transduction 24 has
24 has 25 been
26 rather 27 ignored

this paper briefly reviews the literature to discuss the role of intracellular compartmentalization in the regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism and insulin signalling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 4 reviews
3 briefly 4 reviews
4 reviews 6 literature
4 reviews 7 to
4 reviews 14 in
5 the 6 literature
7 to 8 discuss
8 discuss 10 role
9 the 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 13 compartmentalization
12 intracellular 13 compartmentalization
14 in 22 and
15 the 16 regulation
16 regulation 17 of
16 regulation 22 and
17 of 21 metabolism
18 skeletal 19 muscle
19 muscle 21 metabolism
20 glycogen 21 metabolism
22 and 23 insulin
22 and 24 signalling

as a result [,] a hypothetical regulatory mechanism is proposed by which cells could direct glycogen resynthesis towards different pools of glycogen particles depending on the metabolic needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 direct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 15 direct
2 a 3 result
3 result 8 mechanism
3 result 9 is
3 result 10 proposed
3 result 11 by
5 a 6 hypothetical
5 a 8 mechanism
6 hypothetical 8 mechanism
7 regulatory 8 mechanism
8 mechanism 9 is
11 by 12 which
11 by 13 cells
11 by 14 could
13 cells 14 could
15 direct 17 resynthesis
15 direct 18 towards
16 glycogen 17 resynthesis
18 towards 20 pools
19 different 20 pools
20 pools 21 of
21 of 23 particles
22 glycogen 23 particles
23 particles 24 depending
23 particles 25 on
25 on 28 needs
26 the 28 needs
27 metabolic 28 needs

furthermore , we discuss the role of skeletal muscle transverse tubules as potential modulators of tissue insulin responsiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 6 role
4 discuss 12 as
5 the 6 role
6 role 7 of
7 of 11 tubules
8 skeletal 9 muscle
9 muscle 11 tubules
10 transverse 11 tubules
12 as 14 modulators
13 potential 14 modulators
14 modulators 15 of
15 of 18 responsiveness
16 tissue 18 responsiveness
17 insulin 18 responsiveness

objectives : to examine the relationships between psychosocial resources and deficits , elder mistreatment , and psychological well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 12 ,
2 : 19 -
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 relationships
4 examine 7 between
5 the 6 relationships
7 between 10 and
8 psychosocial 9 resources
9 resources 10 and
10 and 11 deficits
12 , 18 well
13 elder 18 well
14 mistreatment 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 psychological
16 and 18 well
19 - 20 being

methods : we used a representative sample of 2,744 older adults aged 57 - 85 years in the united states from the national social life , health and aging project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 16 years
3 we 4 used
4 used 7 sample
5 a 6 representative
5 a 7 sample
6 representative 7 sample
7 sample 8 of
8 of 11 adults
9 2,744 11 adults
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 aged
12 aged 14 -
13 57 14 -
14 - 15 85
15 85 16 years
16 years 17 in
17 in 20 states
18 the 20 states
19 united 20 states
20 states 21 from
21 from 28 and
22 the 25 life
23 national 24 social
24 social 25 life
25 life 26 ,
26 , 27 health
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 project
29 aging 30 project

we examined reports of any mistreatment ( verbal , financial , or physical ) and multiple types of mistreatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 15 and
3 reports 4 of
3 reports 15 and
4 of 6 mistreatment
5 any 6 mistreatment
6 mistreatment 12 or
7 ( 12 or
8 verbal 9 ,
9 , 10 financial
9 , 12 or
11 , 12 or
12 or 13 physical
12 or 14 )
15 and 19 mistreatment
16 multiple 17 types
17 types 18 of
17 types 19 mistreatment
18 of 19 mistreatment

results : lower levels of positive support , higher levels of criticism from close relationships , and feelings of social isolation are positively associated with self [-] reported mistreatment experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 and
2 : 24 associated
2 : 31 .
3 lower 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 17 and
5 of 7 support
6 positive 7 support
7 support 10 levels
8 , 10 levels
9 higher 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 13 from
10 levels 16 ,
11 of 12 criticism
13 from 15 relationships
14 close 15 relationships
17 and 18 feelings
17 and 19 of
17 and 22 are
19 of 21 isolation
20 social 21 isolation
22 are 23 positively
22 are 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 30 experience
26 self 28 reported
28 reported 30 experience
29 mistreatment 30 experience

as suggested by the stress process theory , those who reported mistreatment experience also reported lower levels of global happiness and higher levels of psychological distress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 as 2 suggested
1 as 9 those
3 by 7 theory
3 by 8 ,
3 by 9 those
4 the 7 theory
5 stress 7 theory
6 process 7 theory
9 those 10 who
9 those 11 reported
9 those 15 reported
10 who 11 reported
11 reported 13 experience
11 reported 14 also
12 mistreatment 13 experience
15 reported 17 levels
16 lower 17 levels
17 levels 18 of
17 levels 24 of
18 of 21 and
19 global 20 happiness
20 happiness 21 and
21 and 23 levels
22 higher 23 levels
24 of 26 distress
25 psychological 26 distress

there is also some evidence for the buffering hypothesis -- levels of global happiness are higher and levels of psychological distress are lower for older adults who reported any mistreatment if they also reported more positive social support , social participation , and feelings [of] social connection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 --
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 mistreatment
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 also
2 is 5 evidence
2 is 6 for
4 some 5 evidence
6 for 9 hypothesis
7 the 9 hypothesis
8 buffering 9 hypothesis
10 -- 11 levels
10 -- 15 are
10 -- 17 and
11 levels 12 of
11 levels 15 are
12 of 14 happiness
13 global 14 happiness
15 are 16 higher
17 and 18 levels
17 and 22 are
18 levels 19 of
18 levels 22 are
19 of 21 distress
20 psychological 21 distress
22 are 23 lower
22 are 24 for
24 for 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
26 adults 27 who
26 adults 28 reported
26 adults 30 mistreatment
27 who 28 reported
28 reported 29 any
30 mistreatment 31 if
31 if 32 they
31 if 34 reported
32 they 34 reported
33 also 34 reported
34 reported 38 support
35 more 38 support
36 positive 38 support
37 social 38 support
38 support 43 and
39 , 43 and
40 social 41 participation
41 participation 43 and
42 , 43 and
43 and 47 connection
43 and 48 .
44 feelings 47 connection
46 social 47 connection

discussion : older adults with fewer psychosocial resources or more psychosocial deficits seem to be more vulnerable to mistreatment , and mistreatment seems particularly detrimental to psychological well - being for these people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 deficits
2 : 13 seem
2 : 21 and
2 : 23 seems
3 older 12 deficits
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 9 or
5 with 8 resources
6 fewer 8 resources
7 psychosocial 8 resources
9 or 10 more
9 or 12 deficits
11 psychosocial 12 deficits
12 deficits 13 seem
13 seem 14 to
13 seem 18 to
13 seem 19 mistreatment
14 to 15 be
15 be 17 vulnerable
16 more 17 vulnerable
18 to 19 mistreatment
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 mistreatment
21 and 23 seems
22 mistreatment 23 seems
23 seems 25 detrimental
24 particularly 25 detrimental
25 detrimental 26 to
26 to 28 well
27 psychological 28 well
28 well 30 being
29 - 30 being
30 being 31 for
30 being 34 .
31 for 33 people
32 these 33 people

background : recent evidence suggests that the interaction between periods of sedentary and activity behaviour is important for health [;] providing distinctive information to assessment of activity alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 evidence
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 29 .
3 recent 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 8 interaction
6 that 16 is
7 the 8 interaction
8 interaction 9 between
8 interaction 16 is
9 between 10 periods
10 periods 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 sedentary 13 and
13 and 15 behaviour
14 activity 15 behaviour
16 is 17 important
17 important 18 for
17 important 24 to
17 important 28 alone
18 for 19 health
19 health 21 providing
21 providing 23 information
22 distinctive 23 information
24 to 25 assessment
25 assessment 26 of
26 of 27 activity

this study quantified activity and sedentary behaviour in older , community [-] dwelling adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 quantified
3 quantified 5 and
3 quantified 8 in
4 activity 5 and
5 and 7 behaviour
6 sedentary 7 behaviour
8 in 14 adults
9 older 10 ,
9 older 11 community
11 community 14 adults
13 dwelling 14 adults

methods : fifty - six community - dwelling older adults with an average age 79 ( sd ) years wore an activpal accelerometer for 7 days and were assessed for a range [of] motor , cognitive and affective characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 fifty
2 : 4 -
2 : 7 -
4 - 6 community
5 six 6 community
7 - 10 adults
7 - 14 age
8 dwelling 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 11 with
10 adults 14 age
11 with 13 average
12 an 13 average
14 age 19 years
14 age 30 for
15 79 17 sd
16 ( 17 sd
17 sd 18 )
17 sd 19 years
19 years 27 and
20 wore 23 accelerometer
20 wore 27 and
21 an 23 accelerometer
22 activpal 23 accelerometer
23 accelerometer 24 for
24 for 26 days
25 7 26 days
27 and 28 were
28 were 29 assessed
30 for 37 and
31 a 34 motor
32 range 34 motor
34 motor 35 ,
35 , 36 cognitive
35 , 37 and
37 and 39 characteristics
38 affective 39 characteristics

seven variables derived from accelerometry considered to represent four characteristics of habitual behaviour ( volume , frequency , intensity and variability ) were submitted to principal components factor analysis ( pca ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 seven 2 variables
2 variables 3 derived
2 variables 15 volume
2 variables 23 were
3 derived 4 from
4 from 5 accelerometry
5 accelerometry 6 considered
5 accelerometry 11 of
6 considered 7 to
6 considered 8 represent
7 to 8 represent
8 represent 10 characteristics
9 four 10 characteristics
11 of 13 behaviour
12 habitual 13 behaviour
14 ( 15 volume
15 volume 20 and
15 volume 22 )
16 , 20 and
17 frequency 18 ,
18 , 19 intensity
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 variability
20 and 22 )
23 were 24 submitted
24 submitted 25 to
25 to 26 principal
26 principal 27 components
26 principal 28 factor
27 components 28 factor
28 factor 29 analysis
29 analysis 31 pca
30 ( 31 pca
31 pca 32 )

factor scores were retained and used as dependent variables in regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 factor 2 scores
2 scores 5 and
3 were 4 retained
3 were 5 and
5 and 6 used
5 and 9 variables
5 and 10 in
7 as 8 dependent
8 dependent 9 variables
10 in 12 analysis
11 regression 12 analysis

results : three significant orthogonal factors emerged from the pca , accounting for 80 % of the variance in test scores : ['] walking behaviour ['] which accounted for 39 % of variance in the model [;] ['] sedentary behaviour ['] explaining 24.3 % of total variance [;] and ['] postural transitions ' which accounted for 16.7 % of total variance [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 factors
2 : 7 emerged
2 : 11 ,
3 three 6 factors
4 significant 6 factors
5 orthogonal 6 factors
6 factors 7 emerged
7 emerged 8 from
8 from 10 pca
9 the 10 pca
11 , 12 accounting
11 , 22 :
12 accounting 13 for
12 accounting 19 in
12 accounting 22 :
13 for 15 %
14 80 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 18 variance
17 the 18 variance
19 in 21 scores
20 test 21 scores
22 : 24 walking
24 walking 25 behaviour
24 walking 29 for
24 walking 34 in
25 behaviour 27 which
25 behaviour 28 accounted
27 which 28 accounted
29 for 31 %
30 39 31 %
31 % 32 of
32 of 33 variance
34 in 40 behaviour
35 the 40 behaviour
36 model 40 behaviour
39 sedentary 40 behaviour
40 behaviour 42 explaining
42 explaining 44 %
43 24.3 44 %
44 % 45 of
44 % 54 which
44 % 55 accounted
44 % 56 for
45 of 53 '
46 total 52 transitions
47 variance 49 and
49 and 51 postural
49 and 52 transitions
52 transitions 53 '
54 which 55 accounted
56 for 58 %
57 16.7 58 %
58 % 59 of
59 of 61 variance
60 total 61 variance

for the regression analysis , younger age and lower body mass index ( bmi ) emerged as significant predictors of physical behaviour , explaining 36 % of the total variance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 emerged
1 for 4 analysis
1 for 5 ,
1 for 8 and
2 the 4 analysis
3 regression 4 analysis
6 younger 7 age
7 age 8 and
8 and 12 index
8 and 14 bmi
8 and 16 emerged
9 lower 10 body
10 body 12 index
11 mass 12 index
13 ( 14 bmi
14 bmi 15 )
16 emerged 17 as
17 as 19 predictors
18 significant 19 predictors
19 predictors 20 of
20 of 22 behaviour
21 physical 22 behaviour
22 behaviour 24 explaining
23 , 24 explaining
24 explaining 26 %
24 explaining 31 .
25 36 26 %
26 % 27 of
27 of 30 variance
28 the 30 variance
29 total 30 variance

for postural transitions , lower bmi was the unique contributor , explaining 15 % of total variance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 for 3 transitions
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 bmi
2 postural 3 transitions
5 lower 6 bmi
6 bmi 7 was
7 was 10 contributor
8 the 10 contributor
9 unique 10 contributor
10 contributor 12 explaining
11 , 12 explaining
12 explaining 14 %
12 explaining 18 .
13 15 14 %
14 % 15 of
15 of 17 variance
16 total 17 variance

significant predictors of sedentary behaviours were not identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 significant 2 predictors
2 predictors 3 of
2 predictors 6 were
3 of 5 behaviours
4 sedentary 5 behaviours
6 were 7 not
6 were 8 identified

conclusions : walking , sedentary and transitory behaviours are distinct from each other , and together [explain] daily function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 walking
4 , 8 behaviours
4 , 9 are
5 sedentary 6 and
6 and 7 transitory
6 and 8 behaviours
8 behaviours 9 are
9 are 15 and
10 distinct 11 from
10 distinct 15 and
11 from 13 other
12 each 13 other
14 , 15 and
15 and 19 function
16 together 18 daily
18 daily 19 function

further research on a larger sample is indicated to explore the characteristics that explain these behaviours , in [particular] the interplay between sedentary behaviour and periods of physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicated
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 on
2 research 7 is
3 on 6 sample
4 a 6 sample
5 larger 6 sample
7 is 8 indicated
8 indicated 9 to
9 to 10 explore
10 explore 12 characteristics
11 the 12 characteristics
12 characteristics 13 that
12 characteristics 14 explain
12 characteristics 18 in
13 that 14 explain
14 explain 16 behaviours
15 these 16 behaviours
17 , 18 in
18 in 21 interplay
18 in 30 .
20 the 21 interplay
21 interplay 22 between
22 between 25 and
23 sedentary 24 behaviour
24 behaviour 25 and
25 and 26 periods
26 periods 27 of
27 of 29 activity
28 physical 29 activity

background : recent studies suggest that diet may affect the physical performance of older adults , but the impact of variations in the uk diet on physical performance has not been assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 17 but
2 : 33 .
3 recent 4 studies
4 studies 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 diet
5 suggest 9 affect
6 that 7 diet
7 diet 8 may
8 may 9 affect
9 affect 12 performance
10 the 12 performance
11 physical 12 performance
12 performance 13 of
13 of 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 impact
17 but 32 assessed
18 the 19 impact
19 impact 20 of
19 impact 29 has
20 of 21 variations
21 variations 22 in
22 in 25 diet
23 the 25 diet
24 uk 25 diet
25 diet 26 on
26 on 28 performance
27 physical 28 performance
29 has 30 not
29 has 31 been
31 been 32 assessed

objective : to examine relationships between diet [and] physical performance in community [-] dwelling older men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 19 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 relationships
4 examine 6 between
4 examine 11 in
6 between 10 performance
7 diet 10 performance
9 physical 10 performance
11 in 17 and
12 community 14 dwelling
14 dwelling 16 men
15 older 16 men
16 men 17 and
17 and 18 women

setting and participants : a total of 628 men and women aged 63 - 73 years who were taking part in the hertfordshire cohort study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 setting 2 and
2 and 3 participants
4 : 10 and
4 : 12 aged
5 a 6 total
6 total 7 of
6 total 10 and
7 of 9 men
8 628 9 men
10 and 11 women
10 and 12 aged
12 aged 16 years
12 aged 21 in
13 63 14 -
14 - 15 73
14 - 16 years
16 years 17 who
16 years 18 were
17 who 18 were
18 were 20 part
19 taking 20 part
21 in 25 study
22 the 25 study
23 hertfordshire 24 cohort
24 cohort 25 study

methods : [diet] was assessed using an administered food frequency questionnaire ; physical performance was assessed by the time taken to complete a 3 - m walk , chair [-] rise test and one - legged balance test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 was
4 was 6 using
4 was 11 questionnaire
5 assessed 6 using
7 an 11 questionnaire
8 administered 9 food
9 food 10 frequency
10 frequency 11 questionnaire
12 ; 14 performance
12 ; 16 assessed
12 ; 35 -
13 physical 14 performance
14 performance 15 was
15 was 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 by
17 by 19 time
18 the 19 time
19 time 20 taken
19 time 21 to
19 time 22 complete
21 to 22 complete
22 complete 33 and
23 a 27 walk
24 3 25 -
25 - 26 m
25 - 27 walk
27 walk 28 ,
28 , 32 test
28 , 33 and
29 chair 32 test
31 rise 32 test
33 and 34 one
35 - 38 test
35 - 39 .
36 legged 37 balance
37 balance 38 test

results : in women , higher intakes of the antioxidant nutrients , β - carotene and selenium , were associated with shorter 3 - m walk times ; higher β - carotene and vitamin c intakes were associated with shorter chair - rise times ( [all] p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
2 : 7 intakes
2 : 20 associated
2 : 28 ;
2 : 42 -
3 in 4 women
3 in 5 ,
3 in 7 intakes
6 higher 7 intakes
7 intakes 8 of
7 intakes 16 and
7 intakes 19 were
8 of 11 nutrients
9 the 11 nutrients
10 antioxidant 11 nutrients
12 , 16 and
13 β 14 -
13 β 15 carotene
15 carotene 16 and
16 and 17 selenium
16 and 18 ,
19 were 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 27 times
22 shorter 27 times
23 3 24 -
24 - 25 m
24 - 26 walk
26 walk 27 times
28 ; 41 chair
29 higher 32 carotene
30 β 31 -
30 β 32 carotene
32 carotene 33 and
33 and 34 vitamin
33 and 36 intakes
33 and 39 with
33 and 41 chair
34 vitamin 35 c
36 intakes 37 were
37 were 38 associated
38 associated 39 with
40 shorter 41 chair
42 - 44 times
43 rise 44 times
44 times 48 <
45 ( 48 <
47 p 48 <
48 < 49 0.05
48 < 50 )

higher vitamin d intakes and percentage energy from protein were also associated with faster 3 - m walk times ( [both] p < 0.05 ) , but they were not related to chair [-] rise time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 higher 2 vitamin
2 vitamin 3 d
2 vitamin 4 intakes
4 intakes 5 and
5 and 7 energy
5 and 8 from
5 and 27 but
6 percentage 7 energy
8 from 9 protein
10 were 12 associated
10 were 27 but
11 also 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 19 times
14 faster 19 times
15 3 16 -
16 - 17 m
16 - 19 times
18 walk 19 times
19 times 23 <
20 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.05
23 < 25 )
26 , 27 but
27 but 33 chair
28 they 29 were
29 were 30 not
29 were 31 related
31 related 32 to
32 to 33 chair
33 chair 36 time
35 rise 36 time

there were no associations between any measure of dietary intake and balance in the women studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 11 and
3 no 4 associations
4 associations 5 between
4 associations 11 and
5 between 10 intake
6 any 7 measure
7 measure 8 of
7 measure 10 intake
8 of 10 intake
9 dietary 10 intake
11 and 12 balance
11 and 13 in
13 in 15 women
14 the 15 women
15 women 16 studied

after adjustment for the effects of confounding influences , we found no associations between diet [and] physical performance among men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 9 ,
1 after 10 we
2 adjustment 3 for
3 for 5 effects
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 7 confounding
7 confounding 8 influences
10 we 11 found
11 found 13 associations
11 found 14 between
11 found 19 among
12 no 13 associations
14 between 18 performance
15 diet 18 performance
17 physical 18 performance
19 among 20 men

conclusions : these data indicate that variations in the diets of community [-] dwelling older women may be linked to differences in physical performance , but further work is needed to determine the role of variations in diet [on] physical performance and its decline with age among older adults in the uk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 26 but
3 these 4 data
4 data 26 but
5 indicate 6 that
5 indicate 26 but
6 that 7 variations
6 that 19 linked
7 variations 8 in
7 variations 11 of
7 variations 17 may
8 in 10 diets
9 the 10 diets
11 of 16 women
12 community 14 dwelling
14 dwelling 16 women
15 older 16 women
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 linked
19 linked 20 to
19 linked 22 in
20 to 21 differences
22 in 24 performance
23 physical 24 performance
25 , 26 but
26 but 32 determine
27 further 28 work
28 work 29 is
29 is 30 needed
30 needed 31 to
31 to 32 determine
32 determine 34 role
32 determine 37 in
33 the 34 role
34 role 35 of
35 of 36 variations
37 in 42 and
38 diet 41 performance
40 physical 41 performance
41 performance 42 and
42 and 44 decline
42 and 47 among
43 its 44 decline
44 decline 45 with
45 with 46 age
47 among 49 adults
48 older 49 adults
49 adults 50 in
50 in 52 uk
51 the 52 uk

few microanatomical measures have been reliably correlated with cognitive measures in aging and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , particularly in the early stages of degeneration , such as mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 few 3 measures
2 microanatomical 3 measures
3 measures 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 7 correlated
6 reliably 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 30 as
8 with 13 and
9 cognitive 10 measures
10 measures 11 in
10 measures 13 and
11 in 12 aging
13 and 16 disease
13 and 18 ad
13 and 22 in
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 16 disease
17 ( 18 ad
18 ad 19 )
20 , 21 particularly
20 , 22 in
22 in 25 stages
22 in 28 ,
23 the 25 stages
24 early 25 stages
25 stages 26 of
26 of 27 degeneration
28 , 30 as
29 such 30 as
30 as 33 impairment
30 as 36 )
31 mild 33 impairment
32 cognitive 33 impairment
33 impairment 35 mci
34 ( 35 mci
35 mci 36 )

however , cortical minicolumn organization has been shown to correlate with cognitive ability in aging monkeys , and the present study extends this finding to humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 organization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 organization
3 cortical 5 organization
4 minicolumn 5 organization
5 organization 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
8 shown 14 in
9 to 10 correlate
10 correlate 11 with
11 with 13 ability
12 cognitive 13 ability
14 in 15 aging
15 aging 16 monkeys
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 study
18 and 22 extends
19 the 21 study
20 present 21 study
21 study 22 extends
22 extends 24 finding
22 extends 25 to
23 this 24 finding
25 to 26 humans

we have previously reported that minicolumn spacing of cells in [human] association [cortex] is selectively reduced in normal aging ( minicolumn thinning ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 reported
3 previously 4 reported
4 reported 5 that
5 that 6 minicolumn
5 that 16 reduced
6 minicolumn 7 spacing
6 minicolumn 8 of
6 minicolumn 14 is
8 of 9 cells
9 cells 12 association
10 in 12 association
14 is 15 selectively
14 is 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 in
17 in 19 aging
18 normal 19 aging
19 aging 21 minicolumn
20 ( 21 minicolumn
21 minicolumn 22 thinning
21 minicolumn 23 )

the present study found that such measures detected early disease changes in mci as well as further minicolumn thinning and disruption in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 found
3 study 5 that
3 study 8 detected
3 study 11 changes
5 that 7 measures
5 that 8 detected
6 such 7 measures
7 measures 8 detected
8 detected 10 disease
9 early 10 disease
11 changes 12 in
11 changes 16 as
11 changes 22 in
12 in 13 mci
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 20 and
17 further 18 minicolumn
18 minicolumn 19 thinning
18 minicolumn 20 and
20 and 21 disruption
22 in 23 ad

plaques , tangles , and minicolumns [were] quantified , postmortem , for 20 controls , [10] mci , and 20 ad subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 plaques 2 ,
2 , 3 tangles
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 minicolumns
5 and 8 quantified
5 and 17 mci
5 and 19 and
8 quantified 9 ,
8 quantified 10 postmortem
10 postmortem 12 for
11 , 12 for
12 for 14 controls
12 for 15 ,
13 20 14 controls
15 , 17 mci
17 mci 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 subjects
20 20 21 ad
21 ad 22 subjects

minicolumn changes were correlated with premortem cognitive scores ( mini - mental state examination and verbal fluency ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 minicolumn 2 changes
2 changes 3 were
3 were 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
5 with 8 scores
6 premortem 8 scores
7 cognitive 8 scores
8 scores 15 and
9 ( 15 and
10 mini 11 -
10 mini 13 state
12 mental 13 state
13 state 14 examination
14 examination 15 and
15 and 17 fluency
15 and 18 )
16 verbal 17 fluency

two regions were studied from each brain [:] association cortex in the planum temporale ( ba22 ) and primary auditory cortex ( ba41 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 two 2 regions
2 regions 3 were
3 were 4 studied
4 studied 5 from
5 from 18 and
6 each 10 cortex
7 brain 10 cortex
9 association 10 cortex
10 cortex 11 in
10 cortex 18 and
11 in 14 temporale
12 the 14 temporale
13 planum 14 temporale
14 temporale 16 ba22
15 ( 16 ba22
16 ba22 17 )
18 and 21 cortex
18 and 23 ba41
19 primary 21 cortex
20 auditory 21 cortex
22 ( 23 ba41
23 ba41 24 )

the relationship between minicolumns and cognitive function was [strongest] in association [cortex] , [whereas] [in] primary auditory cortex , it appeared to be an epiphenomenon of overall brain atrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 8 was
3 between 5 and
4 minicolumns 5 and
5 and 7 function
6 cognitive 7 function
8 was 11 association
10 in 11 association
13 , 18 cortex
13 , 19 ,
16 primary 18 cortex
17 auditory 18 cortex
19 , 20 it
19 , 21 appeared
20 it 21 appeared
21 appeared 22 to
22 to 23 be
23 be 25 epiphenomenon
24 an 25 epiphenomenon
25 epiphenomenon 26 of
26 of 29 atrophy
27 overall 28 brain
28 brain 29 atrophy

microanatomical changes reflecting selective regional vulnerability to ad pathology and differential involvement in the cognitive deficit of ad are therefore detectable in the early stage of mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 microanatomical 2 changes
2 changes 3 reflecting
2 changes 7 to
2 changes 19 are
3 reflecting 6 vulnerability
4 selective 6 vulnerability
5 regional 6 vulnerability
7 to 10 and
8 ad 9 pathology
9 pathology 10 and
10 and 12 involvement
10 and 13 in
10 and 17 of
11 differential 12 involvement
13 in 16 deficit
14 the 16 deficit
15 cognitive 16 deficit
17 of 18 ad
19 are 20 therefore
19 are 21 detectable
21 detectable 22 in
22 in 25 stage
23 the 25 stage
24 early 25 stage
25 stage 26 of
26 of 27 mci

recently , in the field of forensic medicine the number of unidentified cadavers has increased due to mass disasters and international terrorism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 10 number
3 in 5 field
3 in 10 number
4 the 5 field
5 field 6 of
6 of 8 medicine
7 forensic 8 medicine
9 the 10 number
10 number 11 of
10 number 14 has
11 of 13 cadavers
12 unidentified 13 cadavers
14 has 15 increased
15 increased 17 to
16 due 17 to
17 to 20 and
18 mass 19 disasters
19 disasters 20 and
20 and 22 terrorism
21 international 22 terrorism

in addition to the conventional anthropological methods , a simple and precise method to estimate the age of these unidentified cadavers to assist in the personal identification is necessary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 8 ,
1 in 13 method
2 addition 3 to
3 to 7 methods
4 the 7 methods
5 conventional 7 methods
6 anthropological 7 methods
9 a 13 method
10 simple 11 and
11 and 12 precise
11 and 13 method
13 method 14 to
13 method 15 estimate
13 method 28 is
14 to 15 estimate
15 estimate 17 age
15 estimate 22 to
16 the 17 age
17 age 18 of
18 of 21 cadavers
19 these 21 cadavers
20 unidentified 21 cadavers
22 to 23 assist
23 assist 24 in
24 in 27 identification
25 the 27 identification
26 personal 27 identification
28 is 29 necessary

on the other hand , many researchers have reported that mitochondrial respiratory activity decreases with aging because of the production of reactive oxidative species in the process of atp generation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 7 researchers
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 many 7 researchers
7 researchers 8 have
8 have 9 reported
9 reported 10 that
10 that 13 activity
10 that 14 decreases
11 mitochondrial 13 activity
12 respiratory 13 activity
13 activity 14 decreases
14 decreases 15 with
14 decreases 17 because
14 decreases 25 in
15 with 16 aging
17 because 18 of
18 of 20 production
19 the 20 production
20 production 21 of
21 of 24 species
22 reactive 24 species
23 oxidative 24 species
25 in 27 process
26 the 27 process
27 process 28 of
28 of 30 generation
29 atp 30 generation

therefore , it may be possible for us to estimate human age by analyzing mitochondrial activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 it
3 it 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 possible
6 possible 7 for
6 possible 9 to
6 possible 10 estimate
7 for 8 us
9 to 10 estimate
10 estimate 12 age
10 estimate 13 by
11 human 12 age
13 by 14 analyzing
14 analyzing 16 activity
15 mitochondrial 16 activity

in this report we attempted to analyze cytochrome [c] oxidase ( cco ) activity , and the amount of protein and mrna expression in various aged rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 attempted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 report
4 we 5 attempted
5 attempted 6 to
5 attempted 21 and
5 attempted 24 in
6 to 7 analyze
7 analyze 10 oxidase
8 cytochrome 10 oxidase
10 oxidase 12 cco
11 ( 12 cco
12 cco 13 )
14 activity 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 protein
16 and 21 and
17 the 18 amount
18 amount 19 of
18 amount 20 protein
19 of 20 protein
21 and 23 expression
22 mrna 23 expression
24 in 27 rats
25 various 27 rats
26 aged 27 rats

the age of human subjects was estimated through the analysis of human cco activity from 28 actual forensic cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 3 of
2 age 6 was
3 of 5 subjects
4 human 5 subjects
6 was 7 estimated
7 estimated 8 through
8 through 10 analysis
9 the 10 analysis
10 analysis 11 of
11 of 14 activity
12 human 14 activity
13 cco 14 activity
14 activity 15 from
15 from 19 cases
16 28 19 cases
17 actual 19 cases
18 forensic 19 cases

the cco activity , the amount of protein and the mrna expression increased in the 3rd week and decreased afterwards in rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 activity
2 cco 3 activity
3 activity 4 ,
4 , 8 protein
4 , 9 and
5 the 6 amount
6 amount 7 of
6 amount 8 protein
7 of 8 protein
9 and 12 expression
9 and 18 and
10 the 12 expression
11 mrna 12 expression
13 increased 14 in
13 increased 18 and
14 in 17 week
15 the 17 week
16 3rd 17 week
18 and 19 decreased
18 and 20 afterwards
18 and 21 in
21 in 22 rats

furthermore , human cco activity was decreased gradually with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 activity
3 human 5 activity
4 cco 5 activity
5 activity 6 was
6 was 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 gradually
7 decreased 9 with
9 with 10 aging

therefore , cco activity analysis may be useful for age estimation in forensic cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 analysis
3 cco 5 analysis
4 activity 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 useful
8 useful 9 for
8 useful 12 in
9 for 11 estimation
10 age 11 estimation
12 in 14 cases
13 forensic 14 cases

the purpose of the present article was to review empirical research on the factors associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in middle - aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 7 was
3 of 6 article
4 the 6 article
5 present 6 article
7 was 8 to
8 to 9 review
9 review 19 and
9 review 23 middle
10 empirical 11 research
11 research 12 on
11 research 19 and
12 on 14 factors
13 the 14 factors
14 factors 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 dissatisfaction
17 body 18 dissatisfaction
19 and 21 eating
19 and 23 middle
20 disordered 21 eating
21 eating 22 in
24 - 26 women
25 aged 26 women

all of the factors identified are relevant to both of these significant women 's health issues , suggesting that they are strongly linked . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
1 all 2 of
1 all 6 are
2 of 4 factors
3 the 4 factors
4 factors 5 identified
6 are 7 relevant
7 relevant 8 to
8 to 9 both
9 both 10 of
10 of 16 issues
11 these 13 women
12 significant 13 women
13 women 14 's
14 's 16 issues
15 health 16 issues
16 issues 18 suggesting
17 , 18 suggesting
18 suggesting 19 that
18 suggesting 24 .
19 that 20 they
19 that 23 linked
20 they 21 are
21 are 23 linked
22 strongly 23 linked

most correlates and risk factors are similar to those found [in] younger women and [encompass] biological ( e.g [.] , body mass index [ )( psychological ( e.g [.] , internalization of the thin ideal [ )(, and sociocultural influences ( e.g [.] , weight - related teasing ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
1 most 2 correlates
3 and 4 risk
4 risk 5 factors
4 risk 6 are
4 risk 7 similar
4 risk 10 found
5 factors 6 are
7 similar 8 to
8 to 9 those
10 found 14 and
10 found 22 mass
12 younger 13 women
13 women 14 and
14 and 21 body
14 and 22 mass
16 biological 18 e.g
16 biological 21 body
17 ( 18 e.g
18 e.g 20 ,
22 mass 31 internalization
23 index 31 internalization
26 psychological 28 e.g
26 psychological 30 ,
26 psychological 31 internalization
27 ( 28 e.g
28 e.g 30 ,
31 internalization 32 of
31 internalization 42 e.g
32 of 38 and
33 the 35 ideal
34 thin 35 ideal
35 ideal 38 and
37 )(, 38 and
38 and 40 influences
39 sociocultural 40 influences
41 ( 42 e.g
42 e.g 46 -
42 e.g 50 .
44 , 46 -
45 weight 46 -
46 - 48 teasing
46 - 49 )
47 related 48 teasing

additional factors of relevance [to] middle [-] aged women are menopausal status and aging anxiety , which reflect the distinct developmental challenges faced by women during midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 additional 2 factors
2 factors 3 of
2 factors 10 are
3 of 9 women
4 relevance 6 middle
6 middle 9 women
8 aged 9 women
10 are 13 and
11 menopausal 12 status
12 status 13 and
13 and 15 anxiety
14 aging 15 anxiety
16 , 17 which
16 , 18 reflect
17 which 18 reflect
18 reflect 22 challenges
18 reflect 26 during
19 the 22 challenges
20 distinct 22 challenges
21 developmental 22 challenges
22 challenges 23 faced
23 faced 24 by
24 by 25 women
26 during 27 midlife

caspases , initially identified as a family of proteases regulating cell death , have been found to have nonapoptotic functions as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 caspases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 caspases 4 identified
1 caspases 14 have
2 , 4 identified
3 initially 4 identified
4 identified 5 as
4 identified 13 ,
5 as 7 family
6 a 7 family
7 family 8 of
8 of 9 proteases
9 proteases 10 regulating
10 regulating 12 death
11 cell 12 death
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 found
16 found 17 to
17 to 18 have
18 have 20 functions
18 have 21 as
19 nonapoptotic 20 functions
21 as 22 well

some family members are critical for mediating programmed cell death in development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 members
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 some 3 members
2 family 3 members
3 members 4 are
4 are 5 critical
5 critical 6 for
6 for 7 mediating
7 mediating 10 death
7 mediating 11 in
8 programmed 9 cell
9 cell 10 death
11 in 12 development

after development , caspases are downregulated in the nervous system , [but] continue to perform important nonapoptotic functions relevant for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 caspases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 downregulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 after 2 development
1 after 3 ,
1 after 4 caspases
4 caspases 5 are
5 are 6 downregulated
6 downregulated 7 in
7 in 10 system
8 the 10 system
9 nervous 10 system
11 , 13 continue
13 continue 14 to
13 continue 15 perform
14 to 15 perform
15 perform 18 functions
16 important 18 functions
17 nonapoptotic 18 functions
18 functions 19 relevant
19 relevant 20 for
20 for 22 and
21 neurogenesis 22 and
22 and 24 plasticity
23 synaptic 24 plasticity

in neurodegenerative diseases , where aberrant neuronal death is an outstanding feature , there is an increase in caspase activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 diseases
1 in 13 ,
1 in 14 there
2 neurodegenerative 3 diseases
3 diseases 5 where
4 , 5 where
5 where 8 death
5 where 9 is
5 where 13 ,
6 aberrant 8 death
7 neuronal 8 death
8 death 9 is
9 is 12 feature
10 an 11 outstanding
10 an 12 feature
11 outstanding 12 feature
14 there 15 is
15 is 17 increase
16 an 17 increase
17 increase 18 in
18 in 20 activity
19 caspase 20 activity

the specific caspase death pathways leading to dysfunction and death have still not been fully clarified , despite the plethora of scientific literature addressing these issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 clarified
1 the 5 pathways
2 specific 3 caspase
3 caspase 5 pathways
4 death 5 pathways
5 pathways 6 leading
5 pathways 11 have
6 leading 7 to
7 to 9 and
8 dysfunction 9 and
9 and 10 death
11 have 13 not
11 have 14 been
12 still 13 not
14 been 16 clarified
15 fully 16 clarified
16 clarified 18 despite
17 , 18 despite
18 despite 20 plethora
18 despite 27 .
19 the 20 plethora
20 plethora 21 of
21 of 23 literature
22 scientific 23 literature
23 literature 24 addressing
24 addressing 26 issues
25 these 26 issues

in this chapter , we will present the current knowledge of caspase activation and activity pathways , the current tools for examining caspases , and functions of caspases in the nervous system in health and in disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 chapter
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 chapter
5 we 6 will
6 will 7 present
7 present 10 knowledge
8 the 10 knowledge
9 current 10 knowledge
10 knowledge 11 of
11 of 25 and
12 caspase 13 activation
13 activation 14 and
14 and 16 pathways
14 and 20 tools
14 and 25 and
15 activity 16 pathways
17 , 20 tools
18 the 20 tools
19 current 20 tools
20 tools 21 for
20 tools 24 ,
21 for 22 examining
22 examining 23 caspases
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 functions
25 and 27 of
25 and 29 in
27 of 28 caspases
29 in 32 system
30 the 32 system
31 nervous 32 system
32 system 35 and
33 in 34 health
33 in 35 and
35 and 36 in
36 in 37 disease

alzheimer 's disease , the most common neurodegenerative disorder , and cerebral ischemia , the most common cause of neurologic death , are used to illustrate our current understanding of death signaling in neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
4 , 11 and
4 , 24 used
5 the 6 most
6 most 9 disorder
7 common 9 disorder
8 neurodegenerative 9 disorder
9 disorder 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 ischemia
11 and 18 cause
11 and 23 are
12 cerebral 13 ischemia
14 , 18 cause
15 the 18 cause
16 most 17 common
17 common 18 cause
18 cause 19 of
18 cause 22 ,
19 of 21 death
20 neurologic 21 death
23 are 24 used
24 used 25 to
24 used 26 illustrate
25 to 26 illustrate
26 illustrate 29 understanding
27 our 29 understanding
28 current 29 understanding
29 understanding 30 of
29 understanding 32 signaling
29 understanding 33 in
30 of 31 death
33 in 35 diseases
34 neurodegenerative 35 diseases

a better understanding of how caspases function in health and disease would provide appropriate specific targets for the development of therapeutic interventions for these diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 3 understanding
2 better 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 12 would
4 of 5 how
5 how 6 caspases
5 how 7 function
6 caspases 7 function
7 function 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 health 10 and
10 and 11 disease
12 would 13 provide
13 provide 16 targets
14 appropriate 16 targets
15 specific 16 targets
16 targets 17 for
17 for 19 development
18 the 19 development
19 development 20 of
20 of 22 interventions
21 therapeutic 22 interventions
22 interventions 23 for
23 for 25 diseases
24 these 25 diseases

life and death are exquisitely regulated at the cellular level from development through maturity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 life 2 and
2 and 3 death
2 and 4 are
4 are 5 exquisitely
4 are 6 regulated
6 regulated 7 at
6 regulated 13 through
7 at 10 level
8 the 10 level
9 cellular 10 level
10 level 11 from
11 from 12 development
13 through 14 maturity

during development , neuronal death is the major factor shaping the nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 during 2 development
1 during 3 ,
1 during 5 death
4 neuronal 5 death
5 death 6 is
6 is 9 factor
7 the 9 factor
8 major 9 factor
9 factor 10 shaping
10 shaping 13 system
11 the 13 system
12 nervous 13 system

this death is mainly caspase - mediated apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 this 2 death
2 death 3 is
3 is 4 mainly
3 is 5 caspase
6 - 8 apoptosis
6 - 9 .
7 mediated 8 apoptosis

once the waves of developmental death have passed [(] death occurs at different times in different parts of the nervous system [ )(, there is downregulation of the death machinery , as the postmitotic neurons should live for the life of the organism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 )(,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 once 3 waves
1 once 8 passed
1 once 10 death
2 the 3 waves
3 waves 4 of
3 waves 7 have
4 of 6 death
5 developmental 6 death
7 have 8 passed
10 death 11 occurs
11 occurs 12 at
11 occurs 15 in
12 at 14 times
13 different 14 times
15 in 17 parts
16 different 17 parts
17 parts 18 of
18 of 21 system
19 the 21 system
20 nervous 21 system
23 )(, 24 there
23 )(, 25 is
23 )(, 31 ,
24 there 25 is
25 is 26 downregulation
26 downregulation 27 of
27 of 30 machinery
28 the 30 machinery
29 death 30 machinery
31 , 37 live
32 as 35 neurons
32 as 36 should
32 as 37 live
33 the 35 neurons
34 postmitotic 35 neurons
35 neurons 36 should
37 live 38 for
38 for 40 life
39 the 40 life
40 life 41 of
41 of 43 organism
42 the 43 organism

aberrant neuronal death is a major part of neurodegenerative disorders , but there is still no clear understanding of the processes leading [to] [the] phenotypes of the various diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 aberrant 3 death
2 neuronal 3 death
3 death 4 is
4 is 6 major
4 is 7 part
5 a 6 major
7 part 8 of
8 of 10 disorders
9 neurodegenerative 10 disorders
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 there
12 but 14 is
13 there 14 is
14 is 15 still
14 is 18 understanding
16 no 18 understanding
17 clear 18 understanding
18 understanding 19 of
18 understanding 22 leading
18 understanding 25 phenotypes
18 understanding 26 of
19 of 21 processes
20 the 21 processes
22 leading 25 phenotypes
26 of 29 diseases
27 the 29 diseases
28 various 29 diseases

even the type of death that occurs continues to be debated , whether it is apoptotic , necrotic , or autophagic , or some combination of these death mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 continues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 even 3 type
2 the 3 type
3 type 4 of
3 type 6 that
3 type 7 occurs
3 type 8 continues
4 of 5 death
6 that 7 occurs
8 continues 9 to
8 continues 11 debated
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 debated
11 debated 13 whether
12 , 13 whether
13 whether 14 it
13 whether 15 is
13 whether 17 ,
14 it 15 is
15 is 16 apoptotic
17 , 23 or
18 necrotic 20 or
19 , 20 or
20 or 21 autophagic
20 or 22 ,
20 or 23 or
22 , 23 or
23 or 25 combination
23 or 26 of
24 some 25 combination
26 of 29 mechanisms
27 these 29 mechanisms
28 death 29 mechanisms

here , we will discuss the role that the caspases play in neuronal [function] , dysfunction , and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 will
4 will 5 discuss
5 discuss 7 role
5 discuss 12 in
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 that
7 role 11 play
8 that 10 caspases
8 that 11 play
9 the 10 caspases
10 caspases 11 play
12 in 18 and
13 neuronal 15 ,
13 neuronal 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 death

first , we will discuss the regulation of caspase activation and activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 we
3 we 4 will
4 will 5 discuss
5 discuss 7 regulation
6 the 7 regulation
7 regulation 8 of
8 of 11 and
9 caspase 10 activation
10 activation 11 and
11 and 12 activity

normal aging is accompanied by various cognitive functional declines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 normal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 normal 2 aging
1 normal 3 is
3 is 4 accompanied
4 accompanied 5 by
5 by 9 declines
6 various 9 declines
7 cognitive 9 declines
8 functional 9 declines

recent studies have revealed disruptions in the coordination of large - scale functional brain networks such as the default mode network in advanced aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 disruptions
4 revealed 6 in
4 revealed 17 as
6 in 8 coordination
7 the 8 coordination
8 coordination 9 of
9 of 15 networks
10 large 11 -
10 large 12 scale
12 scale 15 networks
13 functional 14 brain
14 brain 15 networks
16 such 17 as
17 as 21 network
18 the 21 network
19 default 21 network
20 mode 21 network
21 network 22 in
22 in 24 aging
23 advanced 24 aging

however , organizational alterations of the structural brain network at the system level in aging are still poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 alterations
3 organizational 4 alterations
4 alterations 5 of
4 alterations 10 at
4 alterations 16 are
5 of 9 network
6 the 9 network
7 structural 8 brain
8 brain 9 network
10 at 12 system
11 the 12 system
12 system 13 level
13 level 14 in
14 in 15 aging
16 are 19 understood
17 still 19 understood
18 poorly 19 understood

here , using cortical thickness , we investigated the modular organization of the cortical structural networks in 102 young and 97 normal aging adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 7 we
2 , 3 using
3 using 5 thickness
3 using 6 ,
3 using 7 we
4 cortical 5 thickness
7 we 8 investigated
8 investigated 11 organization
8 investigated 17 in
9 the 11 organization
10 modular 11 organization
11 organization 12 of
12 of 16 networks
13 the 16 networks
14 cortical 16 networks
15 structural 16 networks
17 in 24 adults
18 102 24 adults
19 young 20 and
20 and 23 aging
20 and 24 adults
21 97 23 aging
22 normal 23 aging

brain networks for both cohorts displayed a modular organization overlapping with functional domains such as executive and auditory/language processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 networks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 brain 2 networks
2 networks 3 for
2 networks 6 displayed
3 for 5 cohorts
4 both 5 cohorts
6 displayed 9 organization
7 a 9 organization
8 modular 9 organization
9 organization 10 overlapping
9 organization 11 with
11 with 13 domains
12 functional 13 domains
13 domains 15 as
14 such 15 as
15 as 19 processing
16 executive 17 and
17 and 18 auditory/language
17 and 19 processing

however , compared with the modular organization of young adults , the aging group demonstrated a significantly reduced modularity that might be indicative of reduced functional segregation in the aging brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 14 group
2 , 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 11 ,
3 compared 14 group
4 with 7 organization
5 the 7 organization
6 modular 7 organization
7 organization 8 of
8 of 10 adults
9 young 10 adults
12 the 14 group
13 aging 14 group
14 group 15 demonstrated
15 demonstrated 19 modularity
15 demonstrated 28 in
16 a 19 modularity
17 significantly 18 reduced
18 reduced 19 modularity
19 modularity 20 that
19 modularity 21 might
19 modularity 24 of
20 that 21 might
21 might 22 be
22 be 23 indicative
24 of 27 segregation
25 reduced 27 segregation
26 functional 27 segregation
28 in 31 brain
29 the 31 brain
30 aging 31 brain

more importantly , the aging brain network exhibited reduced [intra] [-] /inter - module connectivity in modules corresponding to the executive function and the default mode network of young adults , which might be associated with the decline of cognitive functions in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 more 2 importantly
2 importantly 3 ,
2 importantly 7 network
4 the 7 network
5 aging 6 brain
6 brain 7 network
7 network 8 exhibited
7 network 9 reduced
9 reduced 15 connectivity
9 reduced 16 in
9 reduced 19 to
12 /inter 13 -
12 /inter 15 connectivity
14 module 15 connectivity
16 in 17 modules
17 modules 18 corresponding
19 to 23 and
20 the 22 function
21 executive 22 function
22 function 23 and
23 and 27 network
23 and 28 of
24 the 27 network
25 default 26 mode
26 mode 27 network
28 of 30 adults
29 young 30 adults
31 , 32 which
31 , 35 associated
32 which 33 might
33 might 34 be
34 be 35 associated
35 associated 36 with
36 with 38 decline
36 with 42 in
37 the 38 decline
38 decline 39 of
39 of 41 functions
40 cognitive 41 functions
42 in 43 aging

finally , we observed age - associated alterations in the regional characterization in terms of their intra/inter - module connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 observed
4 observed 5 age
6 - 8 alterations
7 associated 8 alterations
8 alterations 9 in
9 in 12 characterization
10 the 12 characterization
11 regional 12 characterization
12 characterization 13 in
13 in 14 terms
14 terms 15 of
15 of 20 connectivity
16 their 20 connectivity
17 intra/inter 18 -
17 intra/inter 19 module
19 module 20 connectivity

our results indicate that aging is associated with an altered modular organization in the structural brain networks and provide new evidence for disrupted integrity in the large - scale brain networks that underlie cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 18 and
3 indicate 4 that
3 indicate 18 and
4 that 5 aging
4 that 7 associated
5 aging 6 is
6 is 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 13 in
8 with 12 organization
9 an 12 organization
10 altered 12 organization
11 modular 12 organization
13 in 17 networks
14 the 17 networks
15 structural 16 brain
16 brain 17 networks
18 and 19 provide
18 and 25 in
19 provide 21 evidence
19 provide 22 for
20 new 21 evidence
22 for 24 integrity
23 disrupted 24 integrity
25 in 31 networks
26 the 31 networks
27 large 28 -
27 large 31 networks
29 scale 31 networks
30 brain 31 networks
31 networks 32 that
31 networks 33 underlie
32 that 33 underlie
33 underlie 34 cognition

the organophosphorus insecticide , demeton [-] s - methyl ( dsm ) , is considered as a good surrogate of the highly toxic nerve agent vx for skin absorption studies due to similar physico - chemical properties and in vitro percutaneous penetration profile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 organophosphorus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 organophosphorus
2 organophosphorus 3 insecticide
2 organophosphorus 14 is
2 organophosphorus 15 considered
3 insecticide 5 demeton
3 insecticide 14 is
4 , 5 demeton
5 demeton 7 s
5 demeton 9 methyl
5 demeton 13 ,
8 - 9 methyl
9 methyl 11 dsm
9 methyl 13 ,
10 ( 11 dsm
11 dsm 12 )
15 considered 16 as
15 considered 26 vx
15 considered 32 to
16 as 19 surrogate
17 a 18 good
17 a 19 surrogate
18 good 19 surrogate
19 surrogate 20 of
20 of 25 agent
21 the 25 agent
22 highly 23 toxic
23 toxic 24 nerve
24 nerve 25 agent
26 vx 27 for
27 for 28 skin
28 skin 29 absorption
28 skin 30 studies
29 absorption 30 studies
31 due 32 to
32 to 38 and
33 similar 36 chemical
34 physico 35 -
34 physico 36 chemical
36 chemical 37 properties
37 properties 38 and
38 and 43 profile
39 in 40 vitro
40 vitro 41 percutaneous
41 percutaneous 42 penetration
42 penetration 43 profile

but , when skin distribution was estimated by measuring inhibition of cholinesterase activity , the results were poorly reproducible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 but 2 ,
1 but 16 results
1 but 17 were
2 , 3 when
3 when 5 distribution
3 when 7 estimated
3 when 14 ,
3 when 16 results
4 skin 5 distribution
5 distribution 6 was
6 was 7 estimated
7 estimated 8 by
8 by 9 measuring
9 measuring 10 inhibition
10 inhibition 11 of
11 of 13 activity
12 cholinesterase 13 activity
15 the 16 results
16 results 17 were
17 were 18 poorly
17 were 19 reproducible

the various grades of commercial dsm solutions were suspected to be the origin of the discrepancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 grades
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 suspected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 grades
2 various 3 grades
3 grades 4 of
3 grades 8 were
4 of 7 solutions
5 commercial 7 solutions
6 dsm 7 solutions
8 were 9 suspected
9 suspected 10 to
10 to 11 be
11 be 13 origin
12 the 13 origin
13 origin 14 of
14 of 16 discrepancies
15 the 16 discrepancies

this hypothesis was tested by measuring inhibition of human acetyl - and butyrylcholinesterase by two commercial dsm solutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 hypothesis
2 hypothesis 3 was
3 was 4 tested
4 tested 5 by
5 by 6 measuring
6 measuring 7 inhibition
6 measuring 14 by
7 inhibition 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 human 10 acetyl
10 acetyl 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 13 butyrylcholinesterase
14 by 18 solutions
15 two 18 solutions
16 commercial 18 solutions
17 dsm 18 solutions

the inhibition rate was independent on the enzyme concentration confirming pseudo - first order conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 rate
2 inhibition 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 5 independent
5 independent 6 on
6 on 9 concentration
7 the 9 concentration
8 enzyme 9 concentration
9 concentration 10 confirming
10 confirming 15 conditions
11 pseudo 12 -
11 pseudo 15 conditions
13 first 14 order
14 order 15 conditions

but complete inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity was achieved only when the dsm concentration was at least 1500 - fold higher than the enzyme concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 but 3 inhibition
1 but 6 activity
2 complete 3 inhibition
3 inhibition 4 of
4 of 5 butyrylcholinesterase
6 activity 7 was
7 was 8 achieved
8 achieved 9 only
8 achieved 10 when
10 when 13 concentration
10 when 14 was
11 the 13 concentration
12 dsm 13 concentration
13 concentration 14 was
14 was 17 1500
15 at 16 least
16 least 17 1500
18 - 19 fold
18 - 25 .
19 fold 20 higher
19 fold 21 than
21 than 24 concentration
22 the 24 concentration
23 enzyme 24 concentration

besides , complete inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was never achieved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 besides 2 ,
1 besides 4 inhibition
3 complete 4 inhibition
4 inhibition 5 of
4 inhibition 7 was
5 of 6 acetylcholinesterase
7 was 9 achieved
8 never 9 achieved

mass spectrometry analysis of the inhibited butyrylcholinesterase adducts identified monomethoxyphosphorylated - serine , the aged product of inhibition by dsm or a derivative with a modified leaving group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 mass 2 spectrometry
2 spectrometry 3 analysis
2 spectrometry 8 adducts
2 spectrometry 9 identified
2 spectrometry 10 monomethoxyphosphorylated
2 spectrometry 12 serine
3 analysis 4 of
3 analysis 8 adducts
4 of 7 butyrylcholinesterase
5 the 7 butyrylcholinesterase
6 inhibited 7 butyrylcholinesterase
11 - 12 serine
12 serine 13 ,
13 , 21 or
14 the 16 product
15 aged 16 product
16 product 17 of
16 product 19 by
16 product 21 or
17 of 18 inhibition
19 by 20 dsm
21 or 23 derivative
21 or 24 with
22 a 23 derivative
24 with 28 group
25 a 28 group
26 modified 28 group
27 leaving 28 group

neither spontaneous reactivation nor aging of the dimethoxyphosphorylated [-] serine could account for the inhibition kinetics observed , suggesting an overly complicated kinetic scheme not compatible with the requirement of a titration experiment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 observed
1 neither 4 nor
2 spontaneous 3 reactivation
3 reactivation 4 nor
4 nor 5 aging
4 nor 11 could
5 aging 6 of
6 of 10 serine
7 the 10 serine
8 dimethoxyphosphorylated 10 serine
11 could 12 account
12 account 13 for
13 for 15 inhibition
14 the 15 inhibition
16 kinetics 17 observed
17 observed 19 suggesting
17 observed 34 .
18 , 19 suggesting
19 suggesting 24 scheme
19 suggesting 33 experiment
19 suggesting 34 .
20 an 21 overly
20 an 24 scheme
21 overly 22 complicated
23 kinetic 24 scheme
24 scheme 25 not
24 scheme 30 of
25 not 26 compatible
26 compatible 27 with
27 with 29 requirement
28 the 29 requirement
30 of 32 titration
31 a 32 titration

in conclusion , cholinesterase - based analytical methods should be avoided for dsm titration in skin penetration studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 cholinesterase
3 , 5 -
5 - 8 methods
5 - 11 avoided
5 - 19 .
6 based 8 methods
7 analytical 8 methods
8 methods 9 should
9 should 10 be
10 be 11 avoided
11 avoided 12 for
11 avoided 15 in
12 for 14 titration
13 dsm 14 titration
15 in 18 studies
16 skin 18 studies
17 penetration 18 studies

forkhead [box] o - class ( foxo ) proteins are evolutionally conserved transcription factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 forkhead 3 o
1 forkhead 5 class
1 forkhead 9 proteins
4 - 5 class
5 class 7 foxo
5 class 8 )
6 ( 7 foxo
7 foxo 8 )
9 proteins 10 are
10 are 14 factors
11 evolutionally 12 conserved
12 conserved 13 transcription
13 transcription 14 factors

they belong to a family of proteins consisting of foxo1 , foxo3a , foxo4 and foxo6 in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 belong
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 they 2 belong
2 belong 3 to
2 belong 17 in
3 to 5 family
4 a 5 family
5 family 6 of
6 of 7 proteins
7 proteins 8 consisting
8 consisting 9 of
9 of 15 and
10 foxo1 11 ,
11 , 12 foxo3a
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 foxo4
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 foxo6
17 in 18 humans

increasing evidence suggests that foxo proteins function as tumor suppressors by transcriptionally regulating expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest , apoptosis , dna repair and oxidative stress resistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 increasing 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 6 proteins
4 that 7 function
5 foxo 6 proteins
7 function 8 as
8 as 10 suppressors
9 tumor 10 suppressors
10 suppressors 11 by
10 suppressors 15 of
10 suppressors 18 in
11 by 13 regulating
12 transcriptionally 13 regulating
13 regulating 14 expression
15 of 16 genes
16 genes 17 involved
18 in 21 arrest
19 cell 21 arrest
20 cycle 21 arrest
22 , 27 and
23 apoptosis 24 ,
24 , 26 repair
24 , 27 and
25 dna 26 repair
27 and 30 resistance
28 oxidative 29 stress
29 stress 30 resistance

activation of various protein kinases , including akt , iκb [kinase] ( ikk ) and erk , leads to phosphorylation of foxo proteins and their ubiquitination mediated by e3 ligases such as skp2 and mdm2 in human primary tumors and cancer cell lines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 activation 2 of
1 activation 16 erk
1 activation 18 leads
2 of 5 kinases
3 various 4 protein
4 protein 5 kinases
5 kinases 7 including
6 , 7 including
7 including 8 akt
7 including 9 ,
9 , 16 erk
10 iκb 13 ikk
12 ( 13 ikk
13 ikk 14 )
13 ikk 15 and
15 and 16 erk
16 erk 17 ,
18 leads 19 to
18 leads 30 ligases
18 leads 32 as
19 to 24 and
20 phosphorylation 21 of
20 phosphorylation 24 and
21 of 23 proteins
22 foxo 23 proteins
24 and 26 ubiquitination
24 and 27 mediated
25 their 26 ubiquitination
27 mediated 28 by
28 by 29 e3
31 such 32 as
32 as 40 and
33 skp2 34 and
34 and 35 mdm2
34 and 40 and
35 mdm2 36 in
36 in 39 tumors
37 human 39 tumors
38 primary 39 tumors
40 and 43 lines
41 cancer 42 cell
42 cell 43 lines

as a result , the tumor suppressor functions of foxo proteins are either diminished or abrogated due to their ubiquitination - proteasome degradation , thereby favoring cell transformation , proliferation and survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 8 functions
2 a 3 result
5 the 8 functions
6 tumor 8 functions
7 suppressor 8 functions
8 functions 9 of
8 functions 12 are
9 of 11 proteins
10 foxo 11 proteins
12 are 15 or
13 either 14 diminished
14 diminished 15 or
15 or 16 abrogated
15 or 18 to
15 or 26 favoring
17 due 18 to
18 to 20 ubiquitination
19 their 20 ubiquitination
20 ubiquitination 23 degradation
21 - 23 degradation
22 proteasome 23 degradation
23 degradation 24 ,
24 , 26 favoring
25 thereby 26 favoring
26 favoring 31 and
26 favoring 33 .
27 cell 28 transformation
28 transformation 29 ,
29 , 30 proliferation
29 , 31 and
31 and 32 survival

thus , ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of foxo proteins play an important role in tumorigenesis and represent a viable target for cancer treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 and
3 ubiquitination 4 and
4 and 6 degradation
4 and 7 of
4 and 16 and
5 proteasome 6 degradation
7 of 9 proteins
8 foxo 9 proteins
10 play 13 role
10 play 14 in
10 play 16 and
11 an 12 important
11 an 13 role
12 important 13 role
14 in 15 tumorigenesis
16 and 17 represent
16 and 23 treatment
17 represent 20 target
18 a 19 viable
18 a 20 target
19 viable 20 target
20 target 21 for
21 for 22 cancer

this article is part of a special issue entitled : pi3k - akt - foxo axis in cancer and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 entitled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 4 part
3 is 9 entitled
4 part 5 of
5 of 8 issue
6 a 8 issue
7 special 8 issue
10 : 19 and
11 pi3k 13 akt
12 - 13 akt
13 akt 14 -
13 akt 15 foxo
15 foxo 16 axis
16 axis 17 in
16 axis 19 and
17 in 18 cancer
19 and 20 aging

brain aging is characterized by cognitive decline [and] memory deficits that could be the result of oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 brain 2 aging
1 brain 3 is
3 is 4 characterized
4 characterized 5 by
5 by 10 deficits
6 cognitive 10 deficits
7 decline 10 deficits
9 memory 10 deficits
10 deficits 11 that
10 deficits 13 be
11 that 12 could
12 could 13 be
13 be 15 result
14 the 15 result
15 result 16 of
16 of 19 and
17 oxidative 18 stress
18 stress 19 and
19 and 22 function
20 impaired 22 function
21 cholinergic 22 function

in this study [,] the effects of a daily , 7 - day , intraperitoneal administration of saffron on cognitive functions were examined in both healthy adult ( 4 months old ) and aged ( 20 months old ) [,] male balb - c mice ( n=8/group ) , by passive avoidance test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
1 in 2 this
1 in 3 study
3 study 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 16 administration
8 a 9 daily
8 a 16 administration
9 daily 11 7
9 daily 16 administration
10 , 11 7
11 7 13 day
11 7 14 ,
12 - 13 day
13 day 14 ,
15 intraperitoneal 16 administration
16 administration 17 of
17 of 18 saffron
18 saffron 19 on
19 on 21 functions
20 cognitive 21 functions
21 functions 33 and
22 were 23 examined
22 were 33 and
23 examined 24 in
24 in 27 adult
25 both 26 healthy
26 healthy 27 adult
27 adult 29 4
28 ( 29 4
29 4 31 old
29 4 32 )
30 months 31 old
33 and 34 aged
33 and 45 mice
34 aged 43 -
35 ( 43 -
36 20 37 months
37 months 42 balb
37 months 43 -
38 old 39 )
38 old 42 balb
41 male 42 balb
42 balb 43 -
43 - 44 c
45 mice 47 n=8/group
45 mice 50 by
46 ( 47 n=8/group
47 n=8/group 48 )
49 , 50 by
50 by 53 test
50 by 54 .
51 passive 53 test
52 avoidance 53 test

whole brain homogenates ( minus cerebellum ) were collected for examination of brain oxidative markers , caspase - [3] and acetylcholinesterase ( ache ) activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 whole
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 whole 8 were
2 brain 3 homogenates
3 homogenates 5 minus
3 homogenates 8 were
4 ( 5 minus
5 minus 6 cerebellum
5 minus 7 )
8 were 9 collected
9 collected 10 for
10 for 11 examination
11 examination 12 of
12 of 25 activity
13 brain 25 activity
14 oxidative 15 markers
15 markers 16 ,
16 , 17 caspase
16 , 20 and
18 - 20 and
20 and 21 acetylcholinesterase
20 and 23 ache
20 and 25 activity
22 ( 23 ache
23 ache 24 )

results showed that saffron - treated mice exhibited significant improvement in learning and memory , accompanied by reduced lipid peroxidation products , higher total brain antioxidant activity and reduced caspase - 3 activity in both age groups of mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 4 saffron
2 showed 27 activity
2 showed 28 and
3 that 4 saffron
4 saffron 13 and
5 - 13 and
6 treated 7 mice
7 mice 8 exhibited
8 exhibited 10 improvement
9 significant 10 improvement
10 improvement 11 in
10 improvement 13 and
11 in 12 learning
13 and 14 memory
13 and 16 accompanied
13 and 22 ,
15 , 16 accompanied
16 accompanied 17 by
16 accompanied 22 ,
17 by 21 products
18 reduced 19 lipid
19 lipid 20 peroxidation
20 peroxidation 21 products
23 higher 26 antioxidant
24 total 25 brain
25 brain 26 antioxidant
26 antioxidant 27 activity
28 and 30 caspase
29 reduced 30 caspase
30 caspase 33 activity
31 - 33 activity
32 3 33 activity
33 activity 34 in
33 activity 38 of
33 activity 40 .
34 in 37 groups
35 both 37 groups
36 age 37 groups
38 of 39 mice

furthermore , salt - and detergent - soluble ache activity was significantly decreased only in adult mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 and
3 salt 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 9 ache
5 and 10 activity
5 and 11 was
5 and 13 decreased
6 detergent 7 -
6 detergent 9 ache
8 soluble 9 ache
10 activity 11 was
11 was 12 significantly
13 decreased 14 only
14 only 15 in
15 in 17 mice
16 adult 17 mice

thus , we showed , for the first time , that the significant cognitive enhancement conferred by saffron administration in mice , is more closely related to the antioxidant reinforcement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 showed
4 showed 6 for
4 showed 11 that
5 , 6 for
6 for 9 time
6 for 10 ,
7 the 9 time
8 first 9 time
11 that 15 enhancement
11 that 22 ,
12 the 15 enhancement
13 significant 15 enhancement
14 cognitive 15 enhancement
15 enhancement 22 ,
16 conferred 17 by
16 conferred 20 in
16 conferred 22 ,
17 by 19 administration
18 saffron 19 administration
20 in 21 mice
22 , 23 is
23 is 26 related
24 more 25 closely
25 closely 26 related
26 related 27 to
27 to 30 reinforcement
28 the 30 reinforcement
29 antioxidant 30 reinforcement

next , we compared the effect of saffron ( 1 - 250 μg / ml ) , crocetin and safranal ( 1 - 125 μm ) on h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) - induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma sh - sy5y cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 next 2 ,
1 next 3 we
3 we 4 compared
4 compared 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 saffron
8 saffron 15 ml
9 ( 15 ml
10 1 11 -
11 - 12 250
11 - 15 ml
12 250 13 μg
13 μg 14 /
15 ml 16 )
17 , 19 and
17 , 36 -
17 , 42 sh
18 crocetin 19 and
19 and 25 μm
19 and 26 )
19 and 27 on
19 and 30 2
19 and 36 -
20 safranal 22 1
20 safranal 25 μm
21 ( 22 1
22 1 23 -
24 125 25 μm
27 on 28 h
29 ( 30 2
30 2 33 (
30 2 35 )
32 ] 33 (
33 ( 34 2
36 - 37 induced
36 - 38 toxicity
38 toxicity 41 neuroblastoma
39 in 41 neuroblastoma
40 human 41 neuroblastoma
42 sh 44 sy5y
42 sh 45 cells
43 - 44 sy5y

both saffron and crocetin provided strong protection in rescuing cell viability ( mtt [assay] ) , repressing ros production ( dcf [assay] ) and decreasing caspase - 3 activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 both 3 and
2 saffron 3 and
3 and 4 crocetin
3 and 5 provided
5 provided 24 and
6 strong 7 protection
7 protection 8 in
7 protection 24 and
8 in 9 rescuing
9 rescuing 11 viability
10 cell 11 viability
11 viability 13 mtt
11 viability 17 repressing
12 ( 13 mtt
13 mtt 15 )
16 , 17 repressing
17 repressing 19 production
17 repressing 23 )
18 ros 19 production
19 production 21 dcf
20 ( 21 dcf
21 dcf 23 )
24 and 26 caspase
25 decreasing 26 caspase
27 - 29 activation
27 - 30 .
28 3 29 activation

these data , together with earlier studies suggest that crocetin is a unique and potent antioxidant , capable of mediating [the] in vivo effects of saffron . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 these 2 data
3 , 8 suggest
4 together 5 with
5 with 7 studies
5 with 8 suggest
6 earlier 7 studies
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 10 crocetin
9 that 11 is
10 crocetin 11 is
11 is 16 antioxidant
12 a 16 antioxidant
13 unique 14 and
14 and 15 potent
14 and 16 antioxidant
16 antioxidant 18 capable
17 , 18 capable
18 capable 19 of
18 capable 27 .
19 of 20 mediating
20 mediating 23 vivo
20 mediating 24 effects
22 in 23 vivo
24 effects 25 of
25 of 26 saffron

parkinson disease ( pd ) is the most common movement disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 parkinson 2 disease
2 disease 4 pd
2 disease 6 is
3 ( 4 pd
4 pd 5 )
6 is 11 disorder
7 the 8 most
8 most 11 disorder
9 common 10 movement
10 movement 11 disorder

it is characterized by bradykinesia , postural instability , resting tremor , and rigidity associated with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 compacta
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 characterized
3 characterized 4 by
4 by 13 and
5 bradykinesia 6 ,
6 , 8 instability
6 , 9 ,
7 postural 8 instability
9 , 11 tremor
9 , 13 and
10 resting 11 tremor
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 rigidity
13 and 15 associated
13 and 16 with
13 and 23 in
16 with 19 loss
17 the 19 loss
18 progressive 19 loss
19 loss 20 of
20 of 22 neurons
21 dopaminergic 22 neurons
23 in 26 nigra
24 the 26 nigra
25 substantia 26 nigra
26 nigra 27 pars
26 nigra 28 compacta
27 pars 28 compacta

another pathological hallmark of pd is the presence of α - synuclein proteiniacous inclusions , known as lewy bodies and lewy neurites , in some of the remaining dopaminergic neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hallmark
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 another 3 hallmark
2 pathological 3 hallmark
3 hallmark 4 of
3 hallmark 6 is
4 of 5 pd
6 is 8 presence
7 the 8 presence
8 presence 9 of
8 presence 16 known
9 of 10 α
10 α 14 inclusions
11 - 14 inclusions
12 synuclein 14 inclusions
13 proteiniacous 14 inclusions
14 inclusions 15 ,
16 known 17 as
17 as 20 and
18 lewy 19 bodies
19 bodies 20 and
20 and 22 neurites
20 and 23 ,
20 and 24 in
20 and 26 of
21 lewy 22 neurites
24 in 25 some
26 of 30 neurons
27 the 30 neurons
28 remaining 30 neurons
29 dopaminergic 30 neurons

mounting evidence indicates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mounting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mounting 2 evidence
1 mounting 3 indicates
3 indicates 4 that
4 that 9 factors
4 that 10 contribute
5 both 9 factors
6 genetic 7 and
7 and 8 environmental
7 and 9 factors
9 factors 10 contribute
10 contribute 11 to
11 to 13 etiology
12 the 13 etiology
13 etiology 14 of
14 of 15 pd

for example , genetic mutations ( duplications , triplications or missense mutations ) in the α - synuclein gene can lead to pd , but even in these patients , age - dependent physiological changes or environmental exposures appear to be involved in disease presentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 5 mutations
4 genetic 5 mutations
5 mutations 10 or
5 mutations 31 age
6 ( 10 or
7 duplications 8 ,
8 , 9 triplications
8 , 10 or
10 or 12 mutations
10 or 13 )
10 or 25 but
10 or 30 ,
11 missense 12 mutations
14 in 21 lead
14 in 25 but
15 the 21 lead
16 α 17 -
16 α 21 lead
18 synuclein 19 gene
19 gene 20 can
20 can 21 lead
21 lead 22 to
22 to 23 pd
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 even
25 but 27 in
27 in 29 patients
28 these 29 patients
32 - 36 or
32 - 39 appear
32 - 46 .
33 dependent 35 changes
34 physiological 35 changes
35 changes 36 or
36 or 38 exposures
36 or 39 appear
37 environmental 38 exposures
39 appear 40 to
39 appear 42 involved
40 to 41 be
41 be 42 involved
42 involved 43 in
43 in 45 presentation
44 disease 45 presentation

several additional alterations in many other genes have been established to either cause or increase the risk of parkinson disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 several 3 alterations
2 additional 3 alterations
3 alterations 4 in
3 alterations 14 or
4 in 7 genes
5 many 6 other
6 other 7 genes
8 have 9 been
8 have 14 or
9 been 10 established
10 established 11 to
11 to 13 cause
12 either 13 cause
14 or 15 increase
15 increase 17 risk
16 the 17 risk
17 risk 18 of
18 of 20 disease
19 parkinson 20 disease

more specifically , autosomal dominant missense mutations in the gene for leucine - rich repeat kinase 2 ( lrrk2/park8 ) are the most common known cause of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 more 2 specifically
2 specifically 3 ,
2 specifically 7 mutations
4 autosomal 7 mutations
5 dominant 7 mutations
6 missense 7 mutations
7 mutations 8 in
7 mutations 11 for
7 mutations 16 kinase
7 mutations 21 are
8 in 10 gene
9 the 10 gene
11 for 12 leucine
13 - 16 kinase
14 rich 16 kinase
15 repeat 16 kinase
16 kinase 17 2
16 kinase 19 lrrk2/park8
16 kinase 20 )
18 ( 19 lrrk2/park8
19 lrrk2/park8 20 )
21 are 26 cause
22 the 26 cause
23 most 24 common
24 common 26 cause
25 known 26 cause
26 cause 27 of
27 of 28 pd

recently it was shown that g2019s , the most common diseasing - causing mutant of lrrk2 , has dramatic effects on the kinase activity of lrrk2 : while activity of wild - type lrrk2 is inhibited by manganese , the g2019s mutation abrogates this inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 :
1 recently 2 it
2 it 17 ,
3 was 4 shown
3 was 17 ,
4 shown 14 mutant
5 that 14 mutant
6 g2019s 11 diseasing
6 g2019s 14 mutant
7 , 11 diseasing
8 the 9 most
9 most 11 diseasing
10 common 11 diseasing
11 diseasing 12 -
13 causing 14 mutant
14 mutant 15 of
15 of 16 lrrk2
17 , 18 has
17 , 20 effects
19 dramatic 20 effects
20 effects 21 on
20 effects 25 of
21 on 24 activity
22 the 24 activity
23 kinase 24 activity
25 of 26 lrrk2
27 : 42 mutation
27 : 43 abrogates
27 : 46 .
28 while 29 activity
28 while 36 inhibited
28 while 42 mutation
29 activity 30 of
29 activity 35 is
30 of 34 lrrk2
31 wild 32 -
31 wild 33 type
33 type 34 lrrk2
35 is 36 inhibited
37 by 38 manganese
37 by 39 ,
37 by 42 mutation
40 the 42 mutation
41 g2019s 42 mutation
42 mutation 43 abrogates
43 abrogates 45 inhibition
44 this 45 inhibition

based on the in vitro kinetic properties of lrrk2 in the presence of manganese , we proposed that lrrk2 may be a sensor of cytoplasmic manganese levels and that the g2019s mutant has lost this function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 10 in
1 based 15 ,
1 based 16 we
2 on 7 properties
3 the 7 properties
4 in 5 vitro
5 vitro 6 kinetic
6 kinetic 7 properties
7 properties 8 of
8 of 9 lrrk2
10 in 12 presence
11 the 12 presence
12 presence 13 of
13 of 14 manganese
16 we 17 proposed
17 proposed 28 and
18 that 19 lrrk2
18 that 21 be
18 that 28 and
19 lrrk2 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 23 sensor
22 a 23 sensor
23 sensor 24 of
24 of 27 levels
25 cytoplasmic 26 manganese
26 manganese 27 levels
28 and 29 that
29 that 32 mutant
29 that 34 lost
30 the 32 mutant
31 g2019s 32 mutant
32 mutant 33 has
33 has 34 lost
34 lost 36 function
35 this 36 function

this finding , alongside a growing number of studies demonstrating an interaction between pd - associated proteins and manganese , suggest that dysregulation of neuronal manganese homeostasis over a lifetime can play an important role in the etiology of pd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 4 alongside
2 finding 16 associated
3 , 4 alongside
4 alongside 9 studies
4 alongside 15 -
5 a 7 number
6 growing 7 number
7 number 8 of
7 number 9 studies
8 of 9 studies
9 studies 10 demonstrating
10 demonstrating 12 interaction
11 an 12 interaction
12 interaction 13 between
13 between 14 pd
16 associated 18 and
17 proteins 18 and
18 and 19 manganese
20 , 21 suggest
21 suggest 22 that
22 that 23 dysregulation
22 that 32 play
23 dysregulation 24 of
23 dysregulation 31 can
24 of 27 homeostasis
25 neuronal 26 manganese
26 manganese 27 homeostasis
27 homeostasis 28 over
28 over 30 lifetime
29 a 30 lifetime
31 can 32 play
32 play 35 role
32 play 36 in
33 an 35 role
34 important 35 role
36 in 38 etiology
37 the 38 etiology
38 etiology 39 of
39 of 40 pd

memory deficits associated with aging and alzheimer 's disease have been linked to cholinergic dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 memory 2 deficits
2 deficits 3 associated
2 deficits 6 and
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 aging
6 and 9 disease
6 and 10 have
7 alzheimer 8 's
8 's 9 disease
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 linked
12 linked 13 to
13 to 15 dysfunction
14 cholinergic 15 dysfunction

the present study investigated this hypothesis by comparing the effects of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine on recent memory performance and by examining muscarinic receptor density in aged and young dogs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 hypothesis
4 investigated 28 in
5 this 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 by
6 hypothesis 11 of
7 by 8 comparing
8 comparing 10 effects
9 the 10 effects
11 of 17 scopolamine
12 the 17 scopolamine
13 muscarinic 15 receptor
14 cholinergic 15 receptor
15 receptor 16 antagonist
16 antagonist 17 scopolamine
17 scopolamine 22 and
18 on 21 performance
18 on 22 and
19 recent 20 memory
20 memory 21 performance
22 and 23 by
23 by 24 examining
24 examining 27 density
25 muscarinic 26 receptor
26 receptor 27 density
28 in 30 and
29 aged 30 and
30 and 32 dogs
31 young 32 dogs

scopolamine ( 15 μg / [kg] [;] sc [ )(was administered prior to testing young ( m=2.8 years ) and aged ( m=13.0 years ) dogs [on] [a] delayed - [non] - matching - to [-] position task [(] dnmp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 scopolamine 5 /
1 scopolamine 20 and
2 ( 5 /
3 15 4 μg
4 μg 5 /
5 / 8 sc
5 / 14 testing
5 / 18 years
5 / 19 )
8 sc 10 )(was
10 )(was 11 administered
11 administered 12 prior
12 prior 13 to
13 to 14 testing
14 testing 15 young
16 ( 18 years
17 m=2.8 18 years
18 years 19 )
20 and 26 dogs
20 and 30 -
20 and 33 matching
20 and 35 to
21 aged 24 years
21 aged 26 dogs
22 ( 24 years
23 m=13.0 24 years
24 years 25 )
26 dogs 29 delayed
32 - 33 matching
33 matching 34 -
34 - 35 to
35 to 37 position
35 to 41 )
37 position 40 dnmp
38 task 40 dnmp

scopolamine significantly impaired performance of aged , but not young dogs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 scopolamine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 scopolamine 3 impaired
2 significantly 3 impaired
3 impaired 4 performance
4 performance 5 of
5 of 11 dogs
6 aged 8 but
7 , 8 but
8 but 9 not
8 but 10 young
8 but 11 dogs
9 not 10 young

muscarinic receptor density was assessed autoradiographically using the [non] [-] selective radioligand [[] ( 3 )h ]quinuclidinylbenzilate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
1 muscarinic 2 receptor
2 receptor 3 density
3 density 4 was
4 was 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 autoradiographically
5 assessed 7 using
7 using 12 radioligand
8 the 12 radioligand
11 selective 12 radioligand
12 radioligand 17 ]quinuclidinylbenzilate
14 ( 17 ]quinuclidinylbenzilate
15 3 17 ]quinuclidinylbenzilate
16 )h 17 ]quinuclidinylbenzilate
17 ]quinuclidinylbenzilate 18 .

aged dogs ( m=14.1 years ) showed significantly decreased density of muscarinic receptors in all brain regions examined except the cerebellum compared to young dogs ( m=3.7 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dogs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 aged 2 dogs
2 dogs 5 years
2 dogs 7 showed
3 ( 5 years
4 m=14.1 5 years
5 years 6 )
7 showed 10 density
7 showed 14 in
7 showed 17 regions
7 showed 22 compared
8 significantly 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 density
10 density 11 of
11 of 13 receptors
12 muscarinic 13 receptors
14 in 16 brain
15 all 16 brain
17 regions 18 examined
17 regions 19 except
17 regions 22 compared
19 except 21 cerebellum
20 the 21 cerebellum
22 compared 23 to
23 to 25 dogs
24 young 25 dogs
25 dogs 28 years
26 ( 28 years
27 m=3.7 28 years
28 years 29 )

the results are consistent with those seen in aged humans and alzheimer 's patients and support the hypothesis of age - dependent cholinergic dysfunction in the dog , although this was not directly determined in the current study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 with
4 consistent 29 although
4 consistent 35 in
5 with 15 and
5 with 18 hypothesis
6 those 7 seen
6 those 11 and
7 seen 8 in
8 in 10 humans
9 aged 10 humans
11 and 14 patients
11 and 15 and
12 alzheimer 13 's
13 's 14 patients
15 and 16 support
17 the 18 hypothesis
18 hypothesis 19 of
18 hypothesis 24 dysfunction
19 of 20 age
21 - 24 dysfunction
22 dependent 24 dysfunction
23 cholinergic 24 dysfunction
24 dysfunction 25 in
24 dysfunction 28 ,
25 in 27 dog
26 the 27 dog
29 although 30 this
29 although 34 determined
30 this 31 was
31 was 32 not
31 was 33 directly
31 was 34 determined
35 in 38 study
36 the 38 study
37 current 38 study

these findings demonstrate that markers of cholinergic hypofunction , in addition to the natural cognitive decline and amyloid pathology previously noted , are seen in canine aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 5 markers
4 that 24 seen
5 markers 6 of
5 markers 23 are
6 of 8 hypofunction
7 cholinergic 8 hypofunction
8 hypofunction 10 in
9 , 10 in
10 in 11 addition
10 in 22 ,
11 addition 12 to
12 to 17 and
13 the 16 decline
14 natural 16 decline
15 cognitive 16 decline
16 decline 17 and
17 and 19 pathology
17 and 21 noted
18 amyloid 19 pathology
20 previously 21 noted
23 are 24 seen
24 seen 25 in
25 in 27 aging
26 canine 27 aging

collectively , this supports the use of the aged dog as a model for examining early pathological events in the development of alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 3 this
3 this 4 supports
4 supports 6 use
4 supports 11 as
5 the 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 10 dog
8 the 10 dog
9 aged 10 dog
11 as 13 model
12 a 13 model
13 model 14 for
13 model 22 of
14 for 15 examining
15 examining 18 events
15 examining 19 in
16 early 18 events
17 pathological 18 events
19 in 21 development
20 the 21 development
22 of 25 disease
23 alzheimer 24 's
24 's 25 disease

chemical and nonenzymatic molecular modifications induced by reactive carbonyl species ( rcs ) generated by peroxidation of membrane phospholipids acyl chains play a dual role as signaling molecules [and] as mediators of the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 chemical 2 and
2 and 5 modifications
2 and 6 induced
2 and 14 generated
3 nonenzymatic 5 modifications
4 molecular 5 modifications
6 induced 7 by
7 by 10 species
8 reactive 10 species
9 carbonyl 10 species
10 species 12 rcs
11 ( 12 rcs
12 rcs 13 )
14 generated 15 by
14 generated 25 role
14 generated 26 as
14 generated 30 as
15 by 16 peroxidation
16 peroxidation 17 of
17 of 22 play
18 membrane 20 acyl
19 phospholipids 20 acyl
20 acyl 22 play
21 chains 22 play
23 a 24 dual
23 a 25 role
24 dual 25 role
26 as 28 molecules
27 signaling 28 molecules
30 as 31 mediators
31 mediators 32 of
32 of 35 process
33 the 35 process
34 aging 35 process

cytotoxic effects of rcs are due to their capacity to react with cellular constituents , forming advanced lipoxidation end - products ( ales ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cytotoxic 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 5 are
3 of 4 rcs
5 are 7 to
6 due 7 to
7 to 9 capacity
8 their 9 capacity
9 capacity 10 to
9 capacity 11 react
10 to 11 react
11 react 12 with
12 with 14 constituents
13 cellular 14 constituents
15 , 19 end
15 , 20 -
16 forming 19 end
17 advanced 19 end
18 lipoxidation 19 end
20 - 21 products
21 products 23 ales
22 ( 23 ales
23 ales 24 )

reactive carbonyl compounds are stable and can diffuse [within] or even escape from the cell and attack targets far from the site of formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 reactive 3 compounds
2 carbonyl 3 compounds
3 compounds 4 are
4 are 5 stable
6 and 7 can
6 and 16 and
7 can 10 or
7 can 16 and
8 diffuse 10 or
10 or 11 even
12 escape 13 from
12 escape 16 and
13 from 15 cell
14 the 15 cell
16 and 17 attack
16 and 18 targets
18 targets 19 far
19 far 20 from
20 from 22 site
21 the 22 site
22 site 23 of
23 of 24 formation

the consequent loss [of] function and structural integrity of modified biomolecules can have a wide range of downstream functional consequences and may be the cause of subsequent cellular dysfunctions and tissue damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 5 function
2 consequent 3 loss
3 loss 5 function
5 function 6 and
6 and 8 integrity
6 and 9 of
6 and 21 and
7 structural 8 integrity
9 of 11 biomolecules
10 modified 11 biomolecules
12 can 13 have
12 can 21 and
13 have 16 range
14 a 15 wide
14 a 16 range
15 wide 16 range
16 range 17 of
17 of 20 consequences
18 downstream 20 consequences
19 functional 20 consequences
21 and 22 may
21 and 32 damage
22 may 23 be
23 be 25 cause
24 the 25 cause
25 cause 26 of
26 of 30 and
27 subsequent 29 dysfunctions
28 cellular 29 dysfunctions
29 dysfunctions 30 and
30 and 31 tissue

current approaches to dissect the molecular neurobiology of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and major depression have been rightly criticized for failing to provide benefits to patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 criticized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 current 2 approaches
2 approaches 3 to
2 approaches 4 dissect
2 approaches 18 have
3 to 4 dissect
4 dissect 7 neurobiology
4 dissect 13 as
5 the 7 neurobiology
6 molecular 7 neurobiology
7 neurobiology 8 of
8 of 11 disorders
9 complex 11 disorders
10 neuropsychiatric 11 disorders
12 such 13 as
13 as 15 and
14 schizophrenia 15 and
15 and 17 depression
16 major 17 depression
18 have 19 been
19 been 21 criticized
20 rightly 21 criticized
21 criticized 22 for
22 for 23 failing
23 failing 24 to
23 failing 25 provide
24 to 25 provide
25 provide 26 benefits
26 benefits 27 to
27 to 28 patients

improving the translational potential of our efforts will require the development and refinement of better disease models that consider a wide variety of contributing factors , such as genetic variation , gene - by [-] environment interactions , endophenotype or intermediate phenotype assessment , cross species analysis , sex differences , and developmental stages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
1 improving 4 potential
1 improving 8 will
2 the 4 potential
3 translational 4 potential
4 potential 5 of
5 of 7 efforts
6 our 7 efforts
8 will 9 require
9 require 12 and
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 and
12 and 13 refinement
12 and 23 of
13 refinement 14 of
14 of 17 models
15 better 17 models
16 disease 17 models
17 models 18 that
17 models 19 consider
18 that 19 consider
19 consider 22 variety
20 a 22 variety
21 wide 22 variety
23 of 24 contributing
24 contributing 25 factors
26 , 30 variation
26 , 31 ,
27 such 30 variation
28 as 29 genetic
29 genetic 30 variation
31 , 32 gene
31 , 33 -
33 - 44 ,
33 - 48 ,
33 - 55 .
34 by 40 or
34 by 44 ,
36 environment 37 interactions
37 interactions 38 ,
38 , 39 endophenotype
38 , 40 or
40 or 41 intermediate
42 phenotype 43 assessment
42 phenotype 44 ,
44 , 45 cross
45 cross 47 analysis
46 species 47 analysis
48 , 52 and
49 sex 50 differences
50 differences 52 and
51 , 52 and
52 and 54 stages
53 developmental 54 stages

during a targeted expert meeting of the european college of neuropsychopharmacology ( ecnp ) in istanbul , we addressed the opportunities and pitfalls of current translational animal models of psychiatric disorders and agreed on a series of core guidelines and recommendations that we believe will help guiding further research in this area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 during 5 meeting
1 during 17 ,
1 during 18 we
2 a 5 meeting
3 targeted 4 expert
4 expert 5 meeting
5 meeting 6 of
6 of 9 college
7 the 8 european
8 european 9 college
9 college 10 of
10 of 13 ecnp
11 neuropsychopharmacology 13 ecnp
12 ( 13 ecnp
13 ecnp 14 )
13 ecnp 15 in
15 in 16 istanbul
18 we 32 and
19 addressed 22 and
19 addressed 32 and
20 the 22 and
21 opportunities 22 and
22 and 23 pitfalls
22 and 24 of
22 and 29 of
24 of 28 models
25 current 27 animal
26 translational 27 animal
27 animal 28 models
29 of 31 disorders
30 psychiatric 31 disorders
32 and 33 agreed
33 agreed 34 on
34 on 36 series
35 a 36 series
36 series 37 of
37 of 39 guidelines
38 core 39 guidelines
40 and 41 recommendations
40 and 48 further
41 recommendations 42 that
41 recommendations 47 guiding
41 recommendations 48 further
42 that 43 we
42 that 44 believe
43 we 44 believe
44 believe 46 help
45 will 46 help
46 help 47 guiding
48 further 49 research
49 research 50 in
50 in 52 area
51 this 52 area

objective : the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic features of osteoarthrosis ( oa ) of the temporomandibular joints ( tmjoa ) in human adolescents and young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 objective
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 15 features
10 investigate 28 in
11 the 15 features
12 clinical 13 and
13 and 14 radiographic
13 and 15 features
15 features 16 of
15 features 21 of
15 features 26 tmjoa
16 of 17 osteoarthrosis
17 osteoarthrosis 19 oa
18 ( 19 oa
19 oa 20 )
21 of 24 joints
22 the 24 joints
23 temporomandibular 24 joints
25 ( 26 tmjoa
26 tmjoa 27 )
28 in 31 and
29 human 30 adolescents
30 adolescents 31 and
31 and 33 adults
32 young 33 adults

study design : patients ( n = 4883 ) with temporomandibular disorders ( age , 11 to 30 years [ )(underwent clinical and radiographic examinations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 4 patients
3 : 10 with
4 patients 7 =
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 4883
7 = 9 )
10 with 12 disorders
11 temporomandibular 12 disorders
12 disorders 14 age
13 ( 14 age
14 age 15 ,
15 , 19 years
15 , 21 )(underwent
16 11 17 to
17 to 18 30
17 to 19 years
19 years 21 )(underwent
21 )(underwent 25 examinations
22 clinical 23 and
23 and 24 radiographic
23 and 25 examinations

the radiographic findings were classified as erosive bony changes , proliferative changes [mainly] , including flattening with uneven sclerosis , and osteophytes of the condyle , and bilaterally short condylar processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 findings
2 radiographic 3 findings
3 findings 27 and
4 were 5 classified
4 were 27 and
5 classified 6 as
5 classified 15 including
6 as 9 changes
7 erosive 9 changes
8 bony 9 changes
9 changes 12 changes
10 , 12 changes
11 proliferative 12 changes
12 changes 14 ,
14 , 15 including
15 including 16 flattening
15 including 26 ,
16 flattening 17 with
17 with 21 and
18 uneven 19 sclerosis
19 sclerosis 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 osteophytes
21 and 23 of
23 of 25 condyle
24 the 25 condyle
27 and 29 short
28 bilaterally 29 short
29 short 31 processes
30 condylar 31 processes

in addition , we interpreted the reassessment [radiographs] of 156 of the patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interpreted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 interpreted
5 interpreted 7 reassessment
6 the 7 reassessment
7 reassessment 9 of
9 of 10 156
10 156 11 of
11 of 13 patients
12 the 13 patients

results : seven hundred eleven patients had radiographic signs of oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 patients
2 : 7 had
2 : 12 .
3 seven 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 eleven
5 eleven 6 patients
6 patients 7 had
7 had 9 signs
8 radiographic 9 signs
9 signs 10 of
10 of 11 oa

the frequency of oa was higher in women ( 563/3360 , 16.8 % ) than in men ( 148/1523 , 9.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 frequency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 frequency
2 frequency 3 of
2 frequency 5 was
3 of 4 oa
5 was 6 higher
6 higher 7 in
6 higher 15 than
7 in 8 women
8 women 10 563/3360
8 women 13 %
9 ( 10 563/3360
10 563/3360 11 ,
11 , 13 %
12 16.8 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 than 16 in
16 in 17 men
17 men 19 148/1523
17 men 22 %
18 ( 19 148/1523
19 148/1523 20 ,
20 , 22 %
21 9.7 22 %
22 % 23 )

most patients [(] [541/711] , 76.1 % [ )(with signs of oa showed proliferative changes of oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 most 2 patients
5 , 7 %
5 , 13 showed
6 76.1 7 %
7 % 9 )(with
7 % 13 showed
9 )(with 10 signs
10 signs 11 of
11 of 12 oa
13 showed 15 changes
14 proliferative 15 changes
15 changes 16 of
16 of 17 oa

moreover , 56.4 % of patients with tmjoa ( 88/156 ) remained stable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 %
3 56.4 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 12 remained
5 of 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 8 tmjoa
8 tmjoa 10 88/156
9 ( 10 88/156
10 88/156 11 )
12 remained 13 stable

conclusions : these results suggest that although oa is an age - related disease , aging is not the crucial factor in the pathogenesis of oa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 9 is
2 : 13 related
2 : 15 ,
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
5 suggest 7 although
7 although 8 oa
8 oa 9 is
9 is 11 age
10 an 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 disease
13 related 15 ,
15 , 16 aging
15 , 17 is
16 aging 17 is
17 is 18 not
17 is 21 factor
17 is 22 in
19 the 21 factor
20 crucial 21 factor
22 in 24 pathogenesis
23 the 24 pathogenesis
24 pathogenesis 25 of
25 of 26 oa

recently , an event - related potential ( erp ) study ( lorenzo - lópez et al . , 2008 ) provided evidence that normal aging significantly delays and attenuates the electrophysiological correlate of the allocation of visuospatial attention ( n2pc component [ )(during a feature - detection visual search task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 event
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 event
3 an 4 event
4 event 11 study
4 event 17 al
4 event 22 provided
5 - 11 study
6 related 11 study
7 potential 9 erp
7 potential 10 )
7 potential 11 study
8 ( 9 erp
9 erp 10 )
11 study 13 lorenzo
11 study 14 -
12 ( 13 lorenzo
13 lorenzo 14 -
14 - 17 al
15 lópez 17 al
16 et 17 al
17 al 18 .
17 al 20 2008
17 al 21 )
19 , 20 2008
20 2008 21 )
22 provided 23 evidence
23 evidence 24 that
23 evidence 33 correlate
23 evidence 34 of
24 that 26 aging
24 that 33 correlate
25 normal 26 aging
26 aging 29 and
27 significantly 28 delays
28 delays 29 and
29 and 30 attenuates
31 the 32 electrophysiological
32 electrophysiological 33 correlate
34 of 36 allocation
35 the 36 allocation
36 allocation 37 of
37 of 39 attention
38 visuospatial 39 attention
39 attention 41 n2pc
40 ( 41 n2pc
41 n2pc 42 component
41 n2pc 47 -
42 component 44 )(during
44 )(during 46 feature
45 a 46 feature
47 - 51 task
48 detection 51 task
49 visual 50 search
50 search 51 task

to further explore the effects of normal aging on the n2pc neural sources , neuromagnetic activity during the execution of a visual search task was recorded in healthy young ( n=14 [ )(and older [(] n=20 ) participants by using magnetoencephalography ( meg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 to 3 explore
1 to 14 ,
1 to 16 activity
2 further 3 explore
3 explore 5 effects
3 explore 9 on
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 8 aging
7 normal 8 aging
9 on 13 sources
10 the 13 sources
11 n2pc 13 sources
12 neural 13 sources
15 neuromagnetic 16 activity
16 activity 17 during
16 activity 20 of
16 activity 25 was
17 during 19 execution
18 the 19 execution
20 of 24 task
21 a 22 visual
21 a 24 task
22 visual 23 search
23 search 24 task
25 was 26 recorded
26 recorded 27 in
26 recorded 39 by
27 in 38 participants
28 healthy 38 participants
29 young 33 )(and
29 young 37 )
29 young 38 participants
30 ( 33 )(and
31 n=14 33 )(and
33 )(and 36 n=20
33 )(and 37 )
34 older 36 n=20
39 by 40 using
40 using 41 magnetoencephalography
41 magnetoencephalography 43 meg
42 ( 43 meg
43 meg 44 )

the possible relationships between these neural sources and overt performance were explored by assessing the co - variation between the neural n2pc activity and both the task performance and the execution in the trail making test form a ( tmt - a ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 relationships
2 possible 3 relationships
3 relationships 4 between
3 relationships 8 and
3 relationships 11 were
3 relationships 12 explored
4 between 5 these
6 neural 7 sources
7 sources 8 and
8 and 10 performance
8 and 11 were
9 overt 10 performance
12 explored 13 by
12 explored 29 and
13 by 14 assessing
14 assessing 18 variation
14 assessing 19 between
15 the 18 variation
16 co 17 -
16 co 18 variation
19 between 24 and
20 the 23 activity
21 neural 23 activity
22 n2pc 23 activity
23 activity 24 and
24 and 25 both
26 the 28 performance
27 task 28 performance
28 performance 29 and
29 and 31 execution
29 and 41 -
30 the 31 execution
31 execution 32 in
32 in 37 form
33 the 37 form
34 trail 35 making
35 making 36 test
36 test 37 form
37 form 38 a
39 ( 41 -
40 tmt 41 -
41 - 42 a
41 - 43 )

results revealed that young participants showed greater activity in occipito - temporal regions than older participants during the mn2pc [(] magnetic counterpart of the n2pc component ) latency range ( 190 - 270ms ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 revealed
2 revealed 5 participants
3 that 4 young
4 young 5 participants
5 participants 6 showed
6 showed 8 activity
6 showed 9 in
6 showed 14 than
6 showed 16 participants
6 showed 29 range
7 greater 8 activity
9 in 13 regions
10 occipito 11 -
10 occipito 13 regions
12 temporal 13 regions
15 older 16 participants
16 participants 17 during
16 participants 23 of
16 participants 29 range
17 during 22 counterpart
18 the 22 counterpart
19 mn2pc 22 counterpart
21 magnetic 22 counterpart
23 of 28 latency
24 the 28 latency
25 n2pc 28 latency
26 component 27 )
26 component 28 latency
29 range 32 -
30 ( 32 -
31 190 32 -
32 - 33 270ms
32 - 34 )

moreover , older participants showed reduced relative activation in the right occipito - temporal source of mn2pc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 participants
3 older 4 participants
4 participants 5 showed
5 showed 8 activation
5 showed 9 in
6 reduced 8 activation
7 relative 8 activation
9 in 15 source
10 the 15 source
11 right 15 source
12 occipito 13 -
12 occipito 15 source
14 temporal 15 source
15 source 16 of
16 of 17 mn2pc

these findings suggest that the previously observed age - related changes in n2pc parameters are associated with a significant hypoactivation of occipito - temporal n2pc sources that is more marked in the right hemisphere . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 8 age
4 that 16 associated
5 the 8 age
6 previously 7 observed
7 observed 8 age
8 age 16 associated
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 changes
10 related 12 in
10 related 16 associated
12 in 13 n2pc
13 n2pc 14 parameters
13 n2pc 15 are
14 parameters 15 are
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 hypoactivation
18 a 19 significant
18 a 20 hypoactivation
19 significant 20 hypoactivation
20 hypoactivation 21 of
21 of 22 occipito
23 - 26 sources
23 - 30 marked
24 temporal 26 sources
25 n2pc 26 sources
26 sources 27 that
26 sources 28 is
26 sources 30 marked
27 that 28 is
28 is 29 more
30 marked 31 in
30 marked 34 hemisphere
32 the 34 hemisphere
33 right 34 hemisphere

background : lipid - lowering medications ( llms ) and especially statin drugs can delay cognitive decline [and] dementia onset in individuals [with] and without mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 10 and
2 : 24 and
2 : 32 at
3 lipid 5 lowering
3 lipid 10 and
4 - 5 lowering
5 lowering 6 medications
5 lowering 9 )
6 medications 8 llms
7 ( 8 llms
8 llms 9 )
10 and 11 especially
10 and 20 onset
12 statin 14 can
13 drugs 14 can
14 can 20 onset
15 delay 20 onset
16 cognitive 17 decline
17 decline 19 dementia
19 dementia 20 onset
21 in 22 individuals
21 in 24 and
24 and 25 without
25 without 28 impairment
26 mild 28 impairment
27 cognitive 28 impairment
28 impairment 30 mci
29 ( 30 mci
30 mci 31 )
32 at 33 baseline

methods : a longitudinal , observational study was conducted of 3069 cognitively healthy elderly patients ( ≥75 years of age [ )(who were enrolled in the ginkgo evaluation of memory study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 study
2 : 9 conducted
3 a 4 longitudinal
3 a 7 study
4 longitudinal 5 ,
4 longitudinal 7 study
6 observational 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 of
10 of 15 patients
11 3069 15 patients
12 cognitively 13 healthy
13 healthy 15 patients
14 elderly 15 patients
15 patients 18 years
16 ( 18 years
17 ≥75 18 years
18 years 19 of
18 years 22 )(who
18 years 23 were
18 years 32 .
19 of 20 age
22 )(who 23 were
23 were 24 enrolled
24 enrolled 25 in
25 in 28 evaluation
26 the 28 evaluation
27 ginkgo 28 evaluation
28 evaluation 29 of
29 of 31 study
30 memory 31 study

the primary outcome measure was the time to [adjudicated] all - cause dementia and alzheimer dementia ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 measure
2 primary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 7 time
6 the 7 time
7 time 8 to
7 time 14 and
8 to 10 all
11 - 14 and
12 cause 13 dementia
13 dementia 14 and
14 and 16 dementia
14 and 18 ad
14 and 19 )
15 alzheimer 16 dementia
17 ( 18 ad
18 ad 19 )

the secondary outcome measure was the change [in] global cognitive function over time measured by scores from the modified mini - mental state exam ( 3mse ) and the cognitive subscale of the ad assessment scale ( adas - cog ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 4 measure
2 secondary 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 measure
4 measure 5 was
5 was 28 and
6 the 11 function
7 change 11 function
9 global 11 function
10 cognitive 11 function
11 function 12 over
11 function 14 measured
11 function 28 and
12 over 13 time
14 measured 15 by
14 measured 17 from
15 by 16 scores
17 from 20 mini
18 the 20 mini
19 modified 20 mini
20 mini 24 exam
21 - 24 exam
22 mental 23 state
23 state 24 exam
24 exam 26 3mse
24 exam 27 )
25 ( 26 3mse
26 3mse 27 )
28 and 31 subscale
28 and 32 of
29 the 31 subscale
30 cognitive 31 subscale
32 of 38 adas
33 the 38 adas
34 ad 35 assessment
35 assessment 36 scale
36 scale 38 adas
37 ( 38 adas
38 adas 40 cog
39 - 40 cog
40 cog 41 )

in participants who initiated statin therapy , lipophilic statins tended to reduce dementia risk more than nonlipophilic agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 statins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 participants
1 in 7 ,
1 in 9 statins
2 participants 3 who
2 participants 4 initiated
3 who 4 initiated
4 initiated 6 therapy
5 statin 6 therapy
8 lipophilic 9 statins
9 statins 10 tended
10 tended 11 to
10 tended 12 reduce
11 to 12 reduce
12 reduce 14 risk
12 reduce 15 more
12 reduce 16 than
13 dementia 14 risk
16 than 18 agents
17 nonlipophilic 18 agents

in contrast , there was no significant association between llm use ( including statins ) , dementia onset , or cognitive decline in individuals with baseline mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 20 or
6 no 8 association
7 significant 8 association
8 association 9 between
8 association 16 ,
9 between 11 use
10 llm 11 use
11 use 13 including
12 ( 13 including
13 including 14 statins
13 including 15 )
16 , 18 onset
16 , 20 or
17 dementia 18 onset
19 , 20 or
20 or 22 decline
20 or 23 in
21 cognitive 22 decline
23 in 24 individuals
24 individuals 25 with
25 with 26 baseline
26 baseline 27 mci

however , in individuals without mci at baseline , there was a trend for a neuroprotective effect [of] statins [on] cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 10 there
2 , 3 in
3 in 4 individuals
3 in 9 ,
3 in 10 there
4 individuals 5 without
4 individuals 7 at
5 without 6 mci
7 at 8 baseline
10 there 11 was
11 was 13 trend
12 a 13 trend
13 trend 14 for
14 for 22 decline
15 a 16 neuroprotective
15 a 22 decline
16 neuroprotective 17 effect
17 effect 19 statins
21 cognitive 22 decline

conclusions : statins may slow the rate [of] cognitive decline and delay the onset of ad and all - cause dementia in cognitively healthy elderly individuals , whereas individuals with mci may not have comparable cognitive protection from these agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 3 statins
2 : 11 and
3 statins 11 and
4 may 5 slow
4 may 11 and
5 slow 10 decline
6 the 10 decline
7 rate 10 decline
9 cognitive 10 decline
11 and 12 delay
11 and 38 from
12 delay 14 onset
12 delay 28 whereas
13 the 14 onset
14 onset 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 ad 17 and
17 and 18 all
17 and 21 dementia
19 - 21 dementia
20 cause 21 dementia
21 dementia 22 in
21 dementia 27 ,
22 in 26 individuals
23 cognitively 24 healthy
24 healthy 26 individuals
25 elderly 26 individuals
28 whereas 29 individuals
28 whereas 34 have
29 individuals 30 with
29 individuals 32 may
30 with 31 mci
32 may 33 not
32 may 34 have
34 have 37 protection
35 comparable 37 protection
36 cognitive 37 protection
38 from 40 agents
39 these 40 agents

to test for the toxicity of bmaa against human neurons , we chose 3 standard human neuronal cell lines for examination and compared the toxicity with the muscle - building nutritional supplement β - alanine , glutamic acid , and the established excitotoxins kainic acid , quisqualic acid , ibotenic acid , domoic acid , and quinolinic acid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 to 2 test
2 test 3 for
2 test 12 we
2 test 22 and
3 for 5 toxicity
4 the 5 toxicity
5 toxicity 6 of
6 of 7 bmaa
8 against 10 neurons
8 against 11 ,
8 against 12 we
9 human 10 neurons
12 we 22 and
13 chose 19 lines
13 chose 22 and
14 3 16 human
15 standard 16 human
16 human 19 lines
17 neuronal 18 cell
18 cell 19 lines
19 lines 20 for
20 for 21 examination
22 and 23 compared
22 and 26 with
23 compared 25 toxicity
24 the 25 toxicity
26 with 28 muscle
27 the 28 muscle
29 - 56 and
29 - 59 .
30 building 35 alanine
31 nutritional 32 supplement
32 supplement 35 alanine
33 β 34 -
33 β 35 alanine
35 alanine 36 ,
36 , 38 acid
36 , 40 and
37 glutamic 38 acid
39 , 40 and
40 and 43 excitotoxins
40 and 48 acid
41 the 43 excitotoxins
42 established 43 excitotoxins
44 kainic 48 acid
45 acid 46 ,
45 acid 48 acid
47 quisqualic 48 acid
48 acid 49 ,
49 , 54 acid
49 , 56 and
50 ibotenic 54 acid
51 acid 52 ,
51 acid 54 acid
53 domoic 54 acid
55 , 56 and
56 and 58 acid
57 quinolinic 58 acid

neurotoxicity was measured by the standard lactic dehydrogenase release assay after 5 - day [incubation] of nt - 2 , sk - n - mc , and sh - sy5y cells with bmaa and the comparative substances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neurotoxicity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 neurotoxicity 2 was
2 was 3 measured
3 measured 4 by
3 measured 24 -
4 by 10 assay
5 the 10 assay
6 standard 9 release
7 lactic 8 dehydrogenase
8 dehydrogenase 9 release
9 release 10 assay
10 assay 11 after
11 after 12 5
12 5 14 day
12 5 21 sk
13 - 14 day
14 day 16 of
14 day 20 ,
16 of 17 nt
17 nt 19 2
18 - 19 2
19 2 20 ,
20 , 21 sk
21 sk 22 -
22 - 24 -
23 n 24 -
24 - 27 and
24 - 29 -
25 mc 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 sh
29 - 34 and
30 sy5y 31 cells
31 cells 32 with
31 cells 34 and
32 with 33 bmaa
34 and 37 substances
35 the 37 substances
36 comparative 37 substances

the ed ( 50 [ )(of bmaa , corresponding to 50 % death of neurons , varied from 1430 to 1604 μm while that of the nutritional supplement β - alanine was almost as low , varying from 1945 to 2134 μm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 varied
1 the 2 ed
2 ed 4 50
2 ed 9 corresponding
2 ed 17 varied
3 ( 4 50
4 50 6 )(of
4 50 8 ,
6 )(of 7 bmaa
8 , 9 corresponding
9 corresponding 10 to
9 corresponding 16 ,
10 to 13 death
11 50 12 %
12 % 13 death
13 death 14 of
14 of 15 neurons
17 varied 20 to
17 varied 22 μm
17 varied 23 while
18 from 20 to
19 1430 20 to
20 to 21 1604
23 while 24 that
23 while 32 was
24 that 25 of
24 that 32 was
25 of 31 alanine
26 the 31 alanine
27 nutritional 28 supplement
28 supplement 31 alanine
29 β 30 -
29 β 31 alanine
32 was 33 almost
32 was 35 low
34 as 35 low
35 low 37 varying
36 , 37 varying
37 varying 40 to
37 varying 42 μm
37 varying 43 .
38 from 40 to
39 1945 40 to
40 to 41 2134

the ed [(] 50 [ )(for glutamic acid and the 5 established excitotoxins was 200 - to 360 - fold lower , varying from 44 to 70 μm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 μm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 ed
2 ed 4 50
2 ed 6 )(for
2 ed 14 was
6 )(for 9 and
7 glutamic 8 acid
8 acid 9 and
9 and 13 excitotoxins
10 the 11 5
11 5 13 excitotoxins
12 established 13 excitotoxins
14 was 15 200
15 200 17 to
16 - 17 to
17 to 18 360
17 to 19 -
19 - 20 fold
20 fold 23 varying
21 lower 22 ,
21 lower 23 varying
23 varying 26 to
23 varying 28 μm
24 from 26 to
25 44 26 to
26 to 27 70
26 to 28 μm

differentiating between parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and atypical parkinsonism ( ap ) is clinically relevant but challenging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differentiating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 differentiating 2 between
1 differentiating 4 's
2 between 3 parkinson
4 's 5 disease
5 disease 7 pd
6 ( 7 pd
7 pd 8 )
9 and 13 ap
9 and 15 is
10 atypical 13 ap
11 parkinsonism 13 ap
12 ( 13 ap
13 ap 14 )
13 ap 15 is
15 is 16 clinically
15 is 18 but
17 relevant 18 but
18 but 19 challenging

a timely and correct diagnosis might result in better targeted treatment strategies , adequate patient counseling , and early recognition of disease - specific complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 a 5 diagnosis
2 timely 3 and
3 and 4 correct
3 and 5 diagnosis
5 diagnosis 6 might
6 might 7 result
7 result 8 in
8 in 18 and
9 better 11 treatment
10 targeted 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 strategies
12 strategies 13 ,
13 , 16 counseling
13 , 18 and
14 adequate 16 counseling
15 patient 16 counseling
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 recognition
18 and 21 of
19 early 20 recognition
21 of 22 disease
23 - 25 complications
23 - 26 .
24 specific 25 complications

we aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) concentrations of α - synuclein are of additional diagnostic value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 whether
5 whether 11 concentrations
5 whether 16 are
6 cerebrospinal 11 concentrations
7 fluid 9 csf
7 fluid 11 concentrations
8 ( 9 csf
9 csf 10 )
11 concentrations 12 of
11 concentrations 16 are
12 of 15 synuclein
13 α 14 -
13 α 15 synuclein
16 are 17 of
17 of 20 value
18 additional 20 value
19 diagnostic 20 value

we examined 142 consecutive patients with parkinsonism , mean disease duration 39.7 [mo] ( parkinson 's disease ( pd ) , n = 58 [;] msa , n = 47 [;] dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) , n = 3 [;] vap , n = 22 [;] progressive supranuclear palsy ( psp ) , n = 10 [;] cbd , n = 2 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 patients
3 142 5 patients
4 consecutive 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
6 with 7 parkinsonism
8 , 9 mean
9 mean 11 duration
10 disease 11 duration
11 duration 12 39.7
11 duration 17 disease
11 duration 23 =
14 ( 17 disease
15 parkinson 16 's
16 's 17 disease
17 disease 19 pd
17 disease 20 )
18 ( 19 pd
19 pd 20 )
21 , 23 =
22 n 23 =
23 = 26 msa
24 58 26 msa
26 msa 29 =
27 , 29 =
28 n 29 =
29 = 30 47
30 47 32 dementia
32 dementia 33 with
33 with 35 bodies
34 lewy 35 bodies
35 bodies 37 dlb
35 bodies 41 =
36 ( 37 dlb
37 dlb 38 )
39 , 41 =
40 n 41 =
41 = 44 vap
42 3 44 vap
44 vap 47 =
45 , 47 =
46 n 47 =
47 = 52 palsy
48 22 52 palsy
50 progressive 52 palsy
51 supranuclear 52 palsy
52 palsy 54 psp
52 palsy 58 =
52 palsy 64 =
53 ( 54 psp
54 psp 55 )
56 , 58 =
57 n 58 =
58 = 61 cbd
59 10 61 cbd
62 , 64 =
63 n 64 =
64 = 65 2
64 = 67 )(

gold [standard] was the clinical diagnosis established after 2 years of [clinical] [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 gold 3 was
3 was 6 diagnosis
4 the 6 diagnosis
5 clinical 6 diagnosis
6 diagnosis 7 established
6 diagnosis 11 of
7 established 8 after
8 after 10 years
9 2 10 years
11 of 15 up
14 - 15 up

csf concentrations of α - synuclein , blood pigments and the erythrocyte count were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 csf 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 7 ,
3 of 6 synuclein
4 α 5 -
4 α 6 synuclein
7 , 9 pigments
7 , 10 and
8 blood 9 pigments
10 and 13 count
10 and 14 were
11 the 13 count
12 erythrocyte 13 count
14 were 15 determined

no differences between csf α - synuclein concentrations of patients with pd with the reference values from our laboratory were observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 between
2 differences 13 with
2 differences 20 were
3 between 8 concentrations
4 csf 8 concentrations
5 α 6 -
5 α 7 synuclein
7 synuclein 8 concentrations
8 concentrations 9 of
9 of 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
11 with 12 pd
13 with 16 values
14 the 16 values
15 reference 16 values
16 values 17 from
17 from 19 laboratory
18 our 19 laboratory
20 were 21 observed

we neither found significant differences between patients with pd and ap [nor] between ap subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 3 found
2 neither 3 found
3 found 5 differences
3 found 15 subgroups
4 significant 5 differences
5 differences 6 between
6 between 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 13 between
8 with 11 ap
9 pd 10 and
10 and 11 ap
13 between 14 ap

adjustment for age , disease severity or presence of erythrocytes or blood pigments in csf did not alter these results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 alter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 adjustment 2 for
1 adjustment 4 ,
2 for 3 age
4 , 6 severity
4 , 7 or
5 disease 6 severity
7 or 8 presence
7 or 9 of
7 or 16 did
9 of 11 or
10 erythrocytes 11 or
11 or 13 pigments
11 or 14 in
12 blood 13 pigments
14 in 15 csf
16 did 17 not
16 did 18 alter
18 alter 20 results
19 these 20 results

our results imply that csf α - synuclein is currently unsuitable as biomarker to differentiate between pd and ap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imply
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 imply
3 imply 4 that
4 that 5 csf
4 that 6 α
5 csf 6 α
7 - 8 synuclein
7 - 9 is
8 synuclein 9 is
9 is 10 currently
9 is 11 unsuitable
11 unsuitable 12 as
11 unsuitable 14 to
11 unsuitable 15 differentiate
12 as 13 biomarker
14 to 15 differentiate
15 differentiate 16 between
16 between 19 ap
17 pd 18 and
18 and 19 ap
19 ap 20 .

oxidative damage to lipoproteins , in particular low density lipoprotein ( ldl ) , is known to play a role in a number of diseases associated with aging such as cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 oxidative 2 damage
2 damage 3 to
2 damage 15 is
3 to 4 lipoproteins
4 lipoproteins 6 in
5 , 6 in
6 in 10 lipoprotein
6 in 14 ,
7 particular 10 lipoprotein
8 low 9 density
9 density 10 lipoprotein
10 lipoprotein 12 ldl
11 ( 12 ldl
12 ldl 13 )
15 is 16 known
16 known 17 to
16 known 21 in
17 to 18 play
18 play 20 role
19 a 20 role
21 in 36 and
22 a 23 number
23 number 24 of
23 number 36 and
24 of 25 diseases
25 diseases 26 associated
25 diseases 27 with
25 diseases 34 cvd
27 with 28 aging
28 aging 32 disease
29 such 32 disease
30 as 31 cardiovascular
31 cardiovascular 32 disease
33 ( 34 cvd
34 cvd 35 )
36 and 37 dementia

exercise can alter the balance of oxidative and anti - oxidative species within the human body and may cause oxidative damage to lipoproteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 exercise 17 and
2 can 3 alter
2 can 17 and
3 alter 5 balance
3 alter 13 within
4 the 5 balance
5 balance 6 of
6 of 8 and
7 oxidative 8 and
8 and 12 species
9 anti 10 -
9 anti 12 species
11 oxidative 12 species
13 within 16 body
14 the 16 body
15 human 16 body
17 and 18 may
18 may 19 cause
19 cause 21 damage
19 cause 22 to
20 oxidative 21 damage
22 to 23 lipoproteins

the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a moderate intensity exercise program on markers of oxidative stress in older age adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 effect
8 assess 17 on
8 assess 22 in
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 16 program
12 a 13 moderate
12 a 16 program
13 moderate 14 intensity
14 intensity 16 program
15 exercise 16 program
17 on 18 markers
18 markers 19 of
19 of 21 stress
20 oxidative 21 stress
22 in 25 adults
23 older 24 age
24 age 25 adults

parameters of lipoprotein protein and lipid oxidation , and lipoprotein nitration were assessed in aged individuals who undertook a program of moderate physical activity for a period of 8 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 parameters 2 of
1 parameters 5 and
2 of 4 protein
3 lipoprotein 4 protein
5 and 11 nitration
5 and 12 were
6 lipid 7 oxidation
7 oxidation 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 lipoprotein
9 and 11 nitration
12 were 13 assessed
13 assessed 14 in
13 assessed 25 for
14 in 16 individuals
15 aged 16 individuals
16 individuals 17 who
16 individuals 18 undertook
17 who 18 undertook
18 undertook 20 program
19 a 20 program
20 program 21 of
21 of 24 activity
22 moderate 24 activity
23 physical 24 activity
25 for 27 period
26 a 27 period
27 period 28 of
28 of 30 weeks
29 8 30 weeks

[walking] at moderate intensity caused [a] significant weight decrease in the exercise group [,] but did not have any significant effect on vo2max . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 at 9 decrease
2 at 15 but
3 moderate 4 intensity
4 intensity 5 caused
5 caused 8 weight
7 significant 8 weight
8 weight 9 decrease
9 decrease 10 in
10 in 12 exercise
11 the 12 exercise
13 group 15 but
15 but 16 did
16 did 17 not
16 did 18 have
18 have 21 effect
18 have 22 on
19 any 21 effect
20 significant 21 effect
22 on 23 vo2max

exercise at this intensity was not harmful and did not increase risk factors for diseases associated with oxidative stress in the participants of the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 exercise 2 at
1 exercise 8 and
2 at 4 intensity
3 this 4 intensity
5 was 6 not
5 was 7 harmful
5 was 8 and
6 not 7 harmful
8 and 9 did
8 and 14 for
9 did 10 not
9 did 11 increase
11 increase 13 factors
12 risk 13 factors
14 for 15 diseases
15 diseases 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 20 in
17 with 19 stress
18 oxidative 19 stress
20 in 22 participants
21 the 22 participants
22 participants 23 of
23 of 25 study
24 the 25 study

purpose : to determine the cutoffs for the interocular difference in retinal nerve fiber [layer] ( rnfl ) thickness measured with cirrus hd - oct ( carl zeiss meditec , inc ) in normal eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 6 cutoffs
5 the 6 cutoffs
6 cutoffs 7 for
7 for 10 difference
8 the 10 difference
9 interocular 10 difference
10 difference 11 in
10 difference 19 thickness
10 difference 20 measured
11 in 14 fiber
12 retinal 13 nerve
13 nerve 14 fiber
14 fiber 17 rnfl
16 ( 17 rnfl
17 rnfl 18 )
19 thickness 20 measured
20 measured 21 with
20 measured 33 in
21 with 23 hd
22 cirrus 23 hd
23 hd 25 oct
24 - 25 oct
25 oct 31 inc
25 oct 32 )
26 ( 31 inc
27 carl 28 zeiss
28 zeiss 29 meditec
29 meditec 31 inc
30 , 31 inc
31 inc 32 )
33 in 35 eyes
34 normal 35 eyes

design : observational , clinical study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 6 study
3 observational 4 ,
3 observational 6 study
5 clinical 6 study

methods : [scans] [were] acquired at 7 academic glaucoma clinics from both eyes of 284 normal subjects using the optic disc cube 200 × 200 protocol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 acquired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 acquired
5 acquired 6 at
6 at 10 clinics
7 7 10 clinics
8 academic 10 clinics
9 glaucoma 10 clinics
10 clinics 11 from
11 from 13 eyes
12 both 13 eyes
13 eyes 14 of
14 of 17 subjects
15 284 17 subjects
16 normal 17 subjects
17 subjects 18 using
18 using 26 protocol
19 the 26 protocol
20 optic 26 protocol
21 disc 22 cube
22 cube 23 200
22 cube 26 protocol
24 × 26 protocol
25 200 26 protocol

the interocular differences in rnfl thickness were calculated , and normal ranges of interocular differences were determined as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 differences
2 interocular 3 differences
3 differences 4 in
3 differences 7 were
4 in 6 thickness
5 rnfl 6 thickness
7 were 8 calculated
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 ranges
10 and 16 were
11 normal 12 ranges
12 ranges 13 of
12 ranges 16 were
13 of 15 differences
14 interocular 15 differences
16 were 23 percentiles
17 determined 18 as
17 determined 21 and
18 as 20 2.5th
19 the 20 2.5th
21 and 22 97.5th
21 and 23 percentiles

results : the average rnfl in the right eye was 0.52 μm thicker than in the left eye ; the difference was marginally significant ( p = [.] 049 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 rnfl
2 : 10 was
2 : 19 ;
2 : 31 .
3 the 5 rnfl
4 average 5 rnfl
5 rnfl 6 in
5 rnfl 10 was
6 in 9 eye
7 the 9 eye
8 right 9 eye
10 was 13 thicker
11 0.52 12 μm
12 μm 13 thicker
13 thicker 14 than
14 than 15 in
15 in 18 eye
16 the 18 eye
17 left 18 eye
19 ; 21 difference
19 ; 22 was
20 the 21 difference
21 difference 22 was
22 was 23 marginally
22 was 24 significant
24 significant 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 29 049
27 = 30 )

the temporal , nasal , and inferior quadrants had significantly thicker rnfl in the right eye , whereas the left eye showed thicker rnfl in the superior quadrant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nasal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 nasal
2 temporal 3 ,
2 temporal 4 nasal
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 quadrants
6 and 9 had
7 inferior 8 quadrants
8 quadrants 9 had
9 had 12 rnfl
9 had 18 whereas
10 significantly 11 thicker
11 thicker 12 rnfl
12 rnfl 13 in
13 in 16 eye
14 the 16 eye
15 right 16 eye
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 21 eye
19 the 21 eye
20 left 21 eye
21 eye 22 showed
22 showed 24 rnfl
22 showed 25 in
23 thicker 24 rnfl
25 in 28 quadrant
26 the 28 quadrant
27 superior 28 quadrant

the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile interocular difference tolerance limits for average rnfl thickness were - 7.9 μm and 8.8 μm , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 percentile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 2.5th
2 2.5th 3 and
3 and 4 97.5th
3 and 5 percentile
5 percentile 8 tolerance
5 percentile 22 respectively
6 interocular 7 difference
7 difference 8 tolerance
8 tolerance 9 limits
8 tolerance 14 were
8 tolerance 18 and
9 limits 10 for
9 limits 14 were
10 for 13 thickness
11 average 13 thickness
12 rnfl 13 thickness
15 - 18 and
16 7.9 17 μm
17 μm 18 and
18 and 20 μm
18 and 21 ,
19 8.8 20 μm

although the difference in average rnfl thickness correlated with differences in axial length , disc area , cup [-] to [-] disc ratio , and vertical cup - to [-] disc ratio , only differences in axial length [(] β = - 0.21 [;] p < [.] 001 [ )( disc area [(] β = 0.17 [;] p < [.] 001 ) were associated with an interocular difference of average rnfl thickness after adjustment for each other [.] 
1 although 3 difference
1 although 10 differences
2 the 3 difference
4 in 6 rnfl
4 in 10 differences
5 average 6 rnfl
6 rnfl 7 thickness
6 rnfl 9 with
7 thickness 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 16 area
10 differences 18 cup
11 in 13 length
12 axial 13 length
14 , 16 area
15 disc 16 area
16 area 17 ,
18 cup 20 to
18 cup 25 and
20 to 22 disc
23 ratio 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 cup
25 and 28 -
25 and 29 to
26 vertical 27 cup
29 to 32 ratio
31 disc 32 ratio
32 ratio 42 -
33 , 34 only
33 , 42 -
35 differences 36 in
35 differences 42 -
36 in 38 length
37 axial 38 length
38 length 40 β
38 length 41 =
40 β 41 =
42 - 43 0.21
43 0.21 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 52 area
48 001 51 disc
51 disc 52 area
52 area 54 β
52 area 64 associated
54 β 56 0.17
54 β 63 were
54 β 64 associated
55 = 56 0.17
56 0.17 59 <
56 0.17 63 were
58 p 59 <
59 < 61 001
59 < 62 )
64 associated 65 with
65 with 68 difference
66 an 67 interocular
66 an 68 difference
67 interocular 68 difference
68 difference 69 of
69 of 72 thickness
70 average 72 thickness
71 rnfl 72 thickness
72 thickness 73 after
72 thickness 75 for
73 after 74 adjustment
75 for 77 other
76 each 77 other

the interocular difference remained stable despite significant decrease in rnfl thickness with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 difference
2 interocular 3 difference
3 difference 4 remained
4 remained 5 stable
5 stable 6 despite
5 stable 9 in
5 stable 12 with
6 despite 8 decrease
7 significant 8 decrease
9 in 11 thickness
10 rnfl 11 thickness
12 with 13 aging

conclusions : an interocular difference in average rnfl thickness exceeding 9 μm when measured with the cirrus hd - oct in normal eyes may be considered statistically significant asymmetry and may be indicative of early glaucomatous damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 difference
2 : 21 in
3 an 5 difference
4 interocular 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 15 with
6 in 9 thickness
7 average 9 thickness
8 rnfl 9 thickness
9 thickness 10 exceeding
10 exceeding 12 μm
10 exceeding 13 when
11 9 12 μm
13 when 14 measured
15 with 20 oct
16 the 20 oct
17 cirrus 18 hd
18 hd 20 oct
19 - 20 oct
21 in 23 eyes
22 normal 23 eyes
23 eyes 30 and
23 eyes 34 of
24 may 25 be
24 may 30 and
25 be 26 considered
26 considered 29 asymmetry
27 statistically 28 significant
28 significant 29 asymmetry
30 and 31 may
31 may 32 be
32 be 33 indicative
34 of 37 damage
35 early 37 damage
36 glaucomatous 37 damage

deoxyhemoglobin reduces nitrite to nitric oxide ( no ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 deoxyhemoglobin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 deoxyhemoglobin 2 reduces
2 reduces 3 nitrite
2 reduces 4 to
4 to 6 oxide
5 nitric 6 oxide
6 oxide 8 no
7 ( 8 no
8 no 9 )

in order to study the effect of the hemoglobin quaternary conformation on the nitrite reaction , we compared t - state deoxyhemoglobin with r - state deoxyhemoglobin produced by reacting hemoglobin with carboxypeptidase - a prior to deoxygenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 in 2 order
1 in 16 ,
1 in 17 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 study
3 to 4 study
4 study 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
6 effect 12 on
7 of 11 conformation
8 the 11 conformation
9 hemoglobin 11 conformation
10 quaternary 11 conformation
12 on 15 reaction
13 the 15 reaction
14 nitrite 15 reaction
17 we 18 compared
18 compared 19 t
20 - 22 deoxyhemoglobin
21 state 22 deoxyhemoglobin
22 deoxyhemoglobin 23 with
22 deoxyhemoglobin 27 deoxyhemoglobin
23 with 24 r
25 - 27 deoxyhemoglobin
26 state 27 deoxyhemoglobin
27 deoxyhemoglobin 28 produced
27 deoxyhemoglobin 29 by
27 deoxyhemoglobin 32 with
27 deoxyhemoglobin 39 .
29 by 31 hemoglobin
30 reacting 31 hemoglobin
32 with 33 carboxypeptidase
33 carboxypeptidase 36 prior
34 - 36 prior
35 a 36 prior
36 prior 37 to
36 prior 39 .
37 to 38 deoxygenation

the nitrite reaction with deoxyhemoglobin was followed by chemiluminescence , electron paramagnetic resonance and visible spectroscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 reaction
2 nitrite 3 reaction
3 reaction 4 with
3 reaction 6 was
4 with 5 deoxyhemoglobin
6 was 7 followed
7 followed 8 by
8 by 14 and
9 chemiluminescence 10 ,
10 , 13 resonance
10 , 14 and
11 electron 13 resonance
12 paramagnetic 13 resonance
14 and 16 spectroscopy
15 visible 16 spectroscopy

the initial steps in this reaction involve the binding of nitrite to deoxyhemoglobin followed by the formation of an electron delocalized metastable intermediate that retains potential no bioactivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 steps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 involve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 steps
2 initial 3 steps
3 steps 4 in
3 steps 7 involve
4 in 6 reaction
5 this 6 reaction
7 involve 9 binding
7 involve 12 to
7 involve 15 by
8 the 9 binding
9 binding 10 of
10 of 11 nitrite
12 to 13 deoxyhemoglobin
13 deoxyhemoglobin 14 followed
15 by 17 formation
16 the 17 formation
17 formation 18 of
18 of 23 intermediate
19 an 23 intermediate
20 electron 21 delocalized
21 delocalized 23 intermediate
22 metastable 23 intermediate
23 intermediate 24 that
23 intermediate 25 retains
24 that 25 retains
25 retains 28 bioactivity
26 potential 28 bioactivity
27 no 28 bioactivity

this reaction is shown by visible spectroscopy to occur 5.6 times faster in [the] r - [state] than in [the] t - state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 state
1 this 2 reaction
2 reaction 3 is
3 is 4 shown
4 shown 5 by
4 shown 8 to
4 shown 11 times
4 shown 23 state
5 by 7 spectroscopy
6 visible 7 spectroscopy
8 to 9 occur
10 5.6 11 times
11 times 12 faster
11 times 23 state
12 faster 13 in
12 faster 19 in
13 in 15 r
16 - 18 than
16 - 19 in
19 in 21 t
19 in 22 -
23 state 24 .

however , the dissociation of no from the delocalized intermediate is shown to be facilitated by the [t] [-] quaternary conformation with a 9.6 fold increase in the rate constant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dissociation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 dissociation
3 the 4 dissociation
4 dissociation 5 of
4 dissociation 11 is
5 of 6 no
6 no 7 from
7 from 10 intermediate
8 the 10 intermediate
9 delocalized 10 intermediate
11 is 12 shown
12 shown 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 facilitated
15 facilitated 16 by
15 facilitated 22 with
15 facilitated 27 in
15 facilitated 30 constant
16 by 21 conformation
17 the 21 conformation
20 quaternary 21 conformation
22 with 26 increase
23 a 26 increase
24 9.6 26 increase
25 fold 26 increase
27 in 29 rate
28 the 29 rate

the preferred no - release in [the] t - state , which has a higher affinity for the membrane , can result in the no diffusing out of the rbc and being released to the vasculature at low partial pressures of oxygen . 
1 the 10 state
2 preferred 10 state
3 no 5 release
3 no 10 state
4 - 5 release
5 release 6 in
5 release 9 -
6 in 8 t
10 state 12 which
10 state 21 can
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 has
12 which 20 ,
13 has 16 affinity
14 a 16 affinity
15 higher 16 affinity
16 affinity 17 for
17 for 19 membrane
18 the 19 membrane
21 can 22 result
22 result 23 in
22 result 28 of
23 in 25 no
24 the 25 no
25 no 26 diffusing
27 out 28 of
28 of 31 and
29 the 30 rbc
30 rbc 31 and
31 and 32 being
31 and 43 .
32 being 33 released
33 released 34 to
33 released 37 at
34 to 36 vasculature
35 the 36 vasculature
37 at 40 pressures
38 low 40 pressures
39 partial 40 pressures
40 pressures 41 of
41 of 42 oxygen

the efficiency of somatic energy metabolism is correlated with cognitive change over the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 efficiency
2 efficiency 3 of
2 efficiency 7 is
3 of 6 metabolism
4 somatic 5 energy
5 energy 6 metabolism
7 is 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 12 over
9 with 11 change
10 cognitive 11 change
12 over 14 lifespan
13 the 14 lifespan

this relationship is bidirectional , with improved overall fitness associated with enhanced synaptic function [and] neuroprotection , and synaptic endangerment occurring in the context of impaired energy metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 is
3 is 20 endangerment
4 bidirectional 6 with
4 bidirectional 18 and
5 , 6 with
6 with 9 fitness
6 with 17 ,
7 improved 8 overall
8 overall 9 fitness
9 fitness 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 16 neuroprotection
12 enhanced 14 function
13 synaptic 14 function
14 function 16 neuroprotection
18 and 19 synaptic
18 and 20 endangerment
20 endangerment 21 occurring
21 occurring 22 in
22 in 24 context
23 the 24 context
24 context 25 of
25 of 28 metabolism
26 impaired 27 energy
27 energy 28 metabolism

in this review , we discuss recent advancements in the fields of exercise , dietary energy intake and diabetes , as they relate to [neuronal] function in the hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 20 ,
6 discuss 8 advancements
6 discuss 9 in
6 discuss 20 ,
7 recent 8 advancements
9 in 18 and
10 the 11 fields
11 fields 12 of
11 fields 14 ,
12 of 13 exercise
14 , 17 intake
14 , 18 and
15 dietary 16 energy
16 energy 17 intake
18 and 19 diabetes
20 , 26 function
21 as 22 they
21 as 23 relate
22 they 23 relate
23 relate 24 to
24 to 26 function
26 function 27 in
27 in 29 hippocampus
28 the 29 hippocampus

because hippocampal neurons have energy requirements that are relatively higher than those of other brain regions , they are uniquely poised to benefit from exercise , and to be harmed by diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 poised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 because 3 neurons
1 because 4 have
1 because 17 ,
1 because 18 they
2 hippocampal 3 neurons
3 neurons 4 have
4 have 6 requirements
5 energy 6 requirements
6 requirements 7 that
6 requirements 8 are
7 that 8 are
8 are 9 relatively
8 are 10 higher
10 higher 11 than
11 than 12 those
12 those 13 of
13 of 16 regions
14 other 16 regions
15 brain 16 regions
18 they 19 are
19 are 20 uniquely
19 are 21 poised
21 poised 22 to
22 to 27 and
23 benefit 24 from
23 benefit 27 and
24 from 25 exercise
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 to
27 and 30 harmed
27 and 31 by
28 to 29 be
31 by 32 diabetes

we view exercise and dietary energy restriction as being associated with enhanced hippocampal plasticity at one end of [a] [continuum] [,] with obesity and diabetes accompanied by cognitive impairment at the other end [of] [the] [continuum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 view
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 view
2 view 4 and
2 view 8 as
3 exercise 4 and
4 and 7 restriction
5 dietary 6 energy
6 energy 7 restriction
8 as 9 being
9 being 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 15 at
11 with 14 plasticity
12 enhanced 14 plasticity
13 hippocampal 14 plasticity
15 at 17 end
16 one 17 end
17 end 18 of
17 end 26 accompanied
18 of 22 with
22 with 24 and
23 obesity 24 and
24 and 25 diabetes
26 accompanied 27 by
27 by 29 impairment
28 cognitive 29 impairment
29 impairment 30 at
30 at 33 end
31 the 32 other
32 other 33 end

understanding the mechanisms for this [continuum] may yield novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline following aging , disease , or injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 yield
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 understanding 3 mechanisms
1 understanding 7 may
2 the 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 for
4 for 5 this
7 may 8 yield
8 yield 11 targets
8 yield 12 for
9 novel 11 targets
10 therapeutic 11 targets
12 for 15 and
13 the 14 prevention
14 prevention 15 and
15 and 16 treatment
15 and 17 of
17 of 25 or
18 cognitive 19 decline
19 decline 20 following
20 following 21 aging
20 following 22 ,
22 , 23 disease
22 , 25 or
24 , 25 or
25 or 26 injury

background & aims : there is no data to suggest that the size of bile ducts , portal venules , and hepatic arterioles varies according to age in the normal human liver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 &
2 & 3 aims
4 : 5 there
4 : 6 is
4 : 33 .
5 there 6 is
6 is 8 data
7 no 8 data
8 data 9 to
8 data 24 varies
9 to 10 suggest
10 suggest 11 that
11 that 13 size
11 that 24 varies
12 the 13 size
13 size 14 of
13 size 24 varies
14 of 21 and
15 bile 16 ducts
16 ducts 17 ,
17 , 19 venules
17 , 21 and
18 portal 19 venules
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 arterioles
22 hepatic 23 arterioles
24 varies 26 to
24 varies 28 in
25 according 26 to
26 to 27 age
28 in 32 liver
29 the 32 liver
30 normal 32 liver
31 human 32 liver

we sought to examine whether hepatic arteriolar size , wall thickness , and luminal diameter change with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 whether
5 whether 13 and
5 whether 16 change
6 hepatic 8 size
7 arteriolar 8 size
8 size 9 ,
9 , 11 thickness
9 , 13 and
10 wall 11 thickness
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 diameter
13 and 16 change
14 luminal 15 diameter
16 change 17 with
17 with 18 increasing
18 increasing 19 age

methods : histologically normal liver specimens from 90 live and [deceased] donors were separated into three groups of thirty : donor age<30 , 31 - 60 , and>60years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 specimens
2 : 7 from
3 histologically 4 normal
4 normal 5 liver
5 liver 6 specimens
7 from 8 90
8 90 10 and
8 90 13 were
8 90 14 separated
8 90 15 into
9 live 10 and
10 and 12 donors
10 and 13 were
15 into 17 groups
16 three 17 groups
17 groups 18 of
18 of 19 thirty
20 : 22 age<30
20 : 25 -
21 donor 22 age<30
22 age<30 24 31
23 , 24 31
24 31 25 -
25 - 26 60
25 - 27 ,
25 - 30 .
27 , 29 old
28 and>60years 29 old

trichrome - stained slides were [de] [-] identified and assessed by a liver pathologist blinded to donor age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 slides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 trichrome 2 -
1 trichrome 4 slides
3 stained 4 slides
4 slides 5 were
5 were 9 and
8 identified 9 and
9 and 10 assessed
9 and 11 by
11 by 14 pathologist
12 a 13 liver
12 a 14 pathologist
13 liver 14 pathologist
14 pathologist 15 blinded
15 blinded 16 to
16 to 18 age
17 donor 18 age

morphometric measurements were [taken] of the hepatic arteriole , the cross - sectional diameter , and its wall thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 morphometric 2 measurements
2 measurements 3 were
3 were 5 of
5 of 16 and
6 the 14 diameter
7 hepatic 14 diameter
8 arteriole 11 cross
8 arteriole 14 diameter
9 , 11 cross
10 the 11 cross
11 cross 12 -
13 sectional 14 diameter
14 diameter 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 thickness
17 its 19 thickness
18 wall 19 thickness

the arteriole was measured at its widest diameter , the arteriolar wall at its thickest portion , and the luminal diameter between its widest points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 arteriole
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 arteriole
2 arteriole 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 at
4 measured 22 between
5 at 18 and
6 its 7 widest
6 its 8 diameter
8 diameter 9 ,
9 , 12 wall
9 , 18 and
10 the 12 wall
11 arteriolar 12 wall
12 wall 13 at
13 at 16 portion
14 its 15 thickest
14 its 16 portion
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 diameter
19 the 21 diameter
20 luminal 21 diameter
22 between 25 points
23 its 24 widest
23 its 25 points

results : there was no difference in number of arterioles or bile ducts or [in] arteriolar cross - sectional diameter among the groups and no correlation with age was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 24 and
2 : 31 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 6 difference
5 no 6 difference
6 difference 7 in
7 in 11 or
8 number 9 of
8 number 11 or
9 of 10 arterioles
11 or 20 diameter
11 or 21 among
12 bile 20 diameter
13 ducts 14 or
14 or 17 cross
14 or 18 -
14 or 20 diameter
16 arteriolar 17 cross
19 sectional 20 diameter
21 among 23 groups
22 the 23 groups
24 and 26 correlation
24 and 30 found
25 no 26 correlation
26 correlation 27 with
26 correlation 29 was
27 with 28 age
29 was 30 found

an increasing arteriolar wall thickness and a decrease [in] luminal diameter with advancing age were noted ; no difference in bile duct size among the groups was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 an 5 thickness
2 increasing 4 wall
3 arteriolar 4 wall
4 wall 5 thickness
5 thickness 6 and
6 and 11 diameter
6 and 15 were
7 a 8 decrease
7 a 11 diameter
8 decrease 11 diameter
10 luminal 11 diameter
11 diameter 12 with
12 with 13 advancing
13 advancing 14 age
15 were 16 noted
17 ; 19 difference
17 ; 28 found
18 no 19 difference
19 difference 20 in
19 difference 24 among
19 difference 27 was
20 in 23 size
21 bile 23 size
22 duct 23 size
24 among 26 groups
25 the 26 groups
27 was 28 found

there was a significant difference in wall thickness/total cross - sectional diameter with extremes in age ( 21 - 30 age group [vs] . 71 - 80 age group , p=0.0009 [ )(with an accompanying significant decrease in luminal diameter/cross - sectional diameter between the same groups ( p=0.00002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 a 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
6 in 9 cross
7 wall 9 cross
8 thickness/total 9 cross
10 - 12 diameter
10 - 19 -
11 sectional 12 diameter
12 diameter 13 with
12 diameter 15 in
13 with 14 extremes
15 in 16 age
16 age 18 21
17 ( 18 21
18 21 19 -
19 - 22 group
19 - 24 .
19 - 26 -
20 30 21 age
21 age 22 group
24 . 25 71
26 - 29 group
26 - 30 ,
26 - 31 p=0.0009
27 80 28 age
28 age 29 group
30 , 31 p=0.0009
31 p=0.0009 33 )(with
31 p=0.0009 38 in
33 )(with 37 decrease
34 an 37 decrease
35 accompanying 37 decrease
36 significant 37 decrease
38 in 40 diameter/cross
39 luminal 40 diameter/cross
40 diameter/cross 43 diameter
41 - 43 diameter
42 sectional 43 diameter
43 diameter 44 between
43 diameter 49 p=0.00002
43 diameter 51 .
44 between 47 groups
45 the 46 same
46 same 47 groups
48 ( 49 p=0.00002
49 p=0.00002 50 )

conclusions : increasing hepatic arteriolar wall thickness and decreased arteriolar [cross] - sectional diameter occur with increasing age in the normal human liver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 15 occur
2 : 24 .
3 increasing 6 wall
4 hepatic 6 wall
5 arteriolar 6 wall
6 wall 7 thickness
7 thickness 8 and
8 and 14 diameter
8 and 15 occur
9 decreased 14 diameter
10 arteriolar 12 -
10 arteriolar 14 diameter
13 sectional 14 diameter
15 occur 16 with
16 with 17 increasing
17 increasing 18 age
17 increasing 19 in
19 in 23 liver
20 the 23 liver
21 normal 23 liver
22 human 23 liver

we evaluated the effect of aging on the functional activity of naturally acquired anti - pneumococcal antibodies , the function of neutrophils in phagocytic killing of opsonized pneumococci , and the complement activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
5 of 6 aging
6 aging 7 on
7 on 10 activity
8 the 10 activity
9 functional 10 activity
10 activity 11 of
11 of 17 antibodies
12 naturally 13 acquired
13 acquired 17 antibodies
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 antibodies
16 pneumococcal 17 antibodies
18 , 30 and
19 the 20 function
20 function 21 of
20 function 23 in
20 function 26 of
20 function 30 and
21 of 22 neutrophils
23 in 25 killing
24 phagocytic 25 killing
26 of 28 pneumococci
27 opsonized 28 pneumococci
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 activity
31 the 33 activity
32 complement 33 activity

opsonic activities of antibodies to all tested pneumococcal [serotypes] [were] significantly lower and phagocytic killing of pneumococci by neutrophils was significantly impaired among the elderly , whereas the complement activity was slightly higher in the elderly than in the young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 opsonic 2 activities
2 activities 3 of
2 activities 7 tested
3 of 4 antibodies
4 antibodies 5 to
5 to 6 all
7 tested 15 killing
7 tested 31 was
8 pneumococcal 12 lower
8 pneumococcal 13 and
11 significantly 12 lower
13 and 14 phagocytic
13 and 15 killing
15 killing 16 of
15 killing 18 by
15 killing 20 was
16 of 17 pneumococci
18 by 19 neutrophils
20 was 21 significantly
20 was 22 impaired
22 impaired 23 among
22 impaired 27 whereas
23 among 25 elderly
24 the 25 elderly
26 , 27 whereas
27 whereas 30 activity
28 the 30 activity
29 complement 30 activity
30 activity 31 was
31 was 32 slightly
31 was 33 higher
33 higher 34 in
33 higher 37 than
34 in 36 elderly
35 the 36 elderly
37 than 38 in
38 in 41 adults
39 the 41 adults
40 young 41 adults

the reduced functional activity of [serotype] [-] specific antibodies and the [compromised] function of neutrophils in the opsonophagocytosis of pneumococci are likely to contribute to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to pneumococcal diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 4 activity
2 reduced 4 activity
3 functional 4 activity
4 activity 5 of
4 activity 10 and
5 of 9 antibodies
8 specific 9 antibodies
10 and 13 function
10 and 14 of
10 and 21 are
11 the 13 function
14 of 15 neutrophils
15 neutrophils 16 in
15 neutrophils 19 of
16 in 18 opsonophagocytosis
17 the 18 opsonophagocytosis
19 of 20 pneumococci
21 are 22 likely
22 likely 23 to
22 likely 24 contribute
23 to 24 contribute
24 contribute 25 to
24 contribute 32 to
25 to 28 susceptibility
26 the 28 susceptibility
27 increased 28 susceptibility
28 susceptibility 29 of
29 of 31 elderly
30 the 31 elderly
32 to 34 diseases
33 pneumococcal 34 diseases

aim : to evaluate the impact of [ms] on sexual function [in] middle [-] [to] old - aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 20 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 impact
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
7 of 9 on
9 on 19 women
10 sexual 11 function
11 function 19 women
13 middle 19 women
16 old 17 -
16 old 19 women
18 aged 19 women

methods : from may 2009 to january 2010 , we performed a cross - sectional study of sexually active women ( ≥ 40 years old ) who visited a health [-] screening clinic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 from
2 : 6 to
3 from 4 may
4 may 5 2009
6 to 7 january
7 january 8 2010
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 performed
9 , 14 -
10 we 11 performed
11 performed 13 cross
12 a 13 cross
14 - 16 study
15 sectional 16 study
16 study 17 of
16 study 27 who
16 study 28 visited
17 of 20 women
18 sexually 19 active
19 active 20 women
20 women 22 ≥
21 ( 22 ≥
22 ≥ 23 40
22 ≥ 25 old
22 ≥ 26 )
24 years 25 old
27 who 28 visited
28 visited 33 clinic
29 a 33 clinic
30 health 33 clinic
32 screening 33 clinic

comprehensive history taking , anthropometric measurement , laboratory testing , and questionnaire administration were performed for each of the total 773 women enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 comprehensive 2 history
2 history 3 taking
3 taking 4 ,
4 , 6 measurement
4 , 7 ,
5 anthropometric 6 measurement
7 , 9 testing
7 , 11 and
8 laboratory 9 testing
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 administration
11 and 14 were
12 questionnaire 13 administration
14 were 15 performed
15 performed 16 for
15 performed 23 enrolled
16 for 17 each
17 each 18 of
18 of 22 women
19 the 22 women
20 total 22 women
21 773 22 women

main outcome measures : the female sexual function index ( fsfi ) was used to assess the key dimensions [of] female sexual function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
4 : 11 fsfi
4 : 14 used
4 : 24 .
5 the 11 fsfi
6 female 7 sexual
7 sexual 8 function
8 function 9 index
9 index 11 fsfi
10 ( 11 fsfi
11 fsfi 12 )
11 fsfi 13 was
13 was 14 used
14 used 15 to
14 used 16 assess
15 to 16 assess
16 assess 23 function
17 the 23 function
18 key 23 function
19 dimensions 23 function
21 female 23 function
22 sexual 23 function

results : the median age of enrolled subjects was 48 ( 40 - 65 ) years , and the rates of ms and fsd were 12.2 % ( 94/773 [ )(and 54.7 % ( 423/773 ) , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 age
2 : 9 was
2 : 18 and
2 : 39 .
3 the 5 age
4 median 5 age
5 age 6 of
5 age 9 was
6 of 8 subjects
7 enrolled 8 subjects
9 was 16 years
10 48 16 years
11 ( 13 -
12 40 13 -
13 - 14 65
13 - 15 )
13 - 16 years
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 rates
18 and 25 were
19 the 20 rates
20 rates 21 of
20 rates 25 were
21 of 24 fsd
22 ms 23 and
23 and 24 fsd
25 were 27 %
25 were 38 respectively
26 12.2 27 %
27 % 33 %
28 ( 33 %
29 94/773 31 )(and
31 )(and 32 54.7
31 )(and 33 %
33 % 35 423/773
33 % 37 ,
34 ( 35 423/773
35 423/773 36 )

after adjusting clinical confounders , we found that only the pain domain score was significantly different between women with ms and [without] ms , while the total fsfi score and other constituent domain scores showed little [difference] between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 after 2 adjusting
1 after 5 ,
1 after 6 we
2 adjusting 4 confounders
3 clinical 4 confounders
6 we 7 found
7 found 8 that
8 that 9 only
8 that 13 score
8 that 14 was
10 the 13 score
11 pain 13 score
12 domain 13 score
13 score 14 was
14 was 15 significantly
14 was 16 different
16 different 17 between
16 different 19 with
17 between 18 women
19 with 23 ms
20 ms 21 and
21 and 23 ms
24 , 28 fsfi
24 , 29 score
24 , 30 and
25 while 27 total
25 while 28 fsfi
26 the 27 total
28 fsfi 29 score
30 and 34 scores
30 and 35 showed
31 other 34 scores
32 constituent 33 domain
33 domain 34 scores
34 scores 35 showed
35 showed 36 little
35 showed 38 between
38 between 41 groups
39 the 40 two
40 two 41 groups

however , in the multivariate logistic regression model , [ms] and most of its components were not associated with fsd [;] only age , menopausal status , smoking , depression , and symptomatic ui proved to be independent risk factors for fsd ( p < 0.05 ) . 
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 regression
3 in 5 multivariate
3 in 7 regression
4 the 5 multivariate
6 logistic 7 regression
7 regression 11 and
7 regression 16 were
7 regression 18 associated
8 model 11 and
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 most
11 and 13 of
11 and 16 were
13 of 15 components
14 its 15 components
16 were 17 not
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 28 smoking
19 with 20 fsd
19 with 22 only
19 with 23 age
23 age 26 status
24 , 26 status
25 menopausal 26 status
26 status 27 ,
28 smoking 40 factors
29 , 40 factors
30 depression 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 ui
32 and 35 proved
32 and 36 to
32 and 37 be
32 and 40 factors
33 symptomatic 34 ui
36 to 37 be
38 independent 40 factors
39 risk 40 factors
40 factors 41 for
40 factors 48 .
41 for 42 fsd
42 fsd 45 <
43 ( 45 <
44 p 45 <
45 < 46 0.05
45 < 47 )

conclusions : our study suggests that [ms] may have little impact on sexual function [in] middle [-] [to] old - aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 23 .
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
5 suggests 9 have
6 that 8 may
8 may 9 have
9 have 11 impact
9 have 12 on
10 little 11 impact
12 on 22 women
13 sexual 14 function
14 function 22 women
16 middle 22 women
19 old 20 -
19 old 22 women
21 aged 22 women

further studies with population - based and longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm this finding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 further 2 studies
1 further 3 with
3 with 4 population
5 - 7 and
5 - 17 .
6 based 7 and
7 and 14 confirm
8 longitudinal 9 design
9 design 10 should
10 should 11 be
11 be 12 conducted
12 conducted 13 to
13 to 14 confirm
14 confirm 16 finding
15 this 16 finding

objective : to assess the association between the periodontal health status and level of education over [a] 5 - year period among the elderly aged 75 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 19 -
3 to 4 assess
4 assess 6 association
4 assess 7 between
5 the 6 association
7 between 12 and
8 the 11 status
9 periodontal 11 status
10 health 11 status
11 status 12 and
12 and 13 level
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 education
16 over 18 5
18 5 19 -
19 - 21 period
20 year 21 period
21 period 22 among
21 period 25 aged
22 among 24 elderly
23 the 24 elderly
25 aged 28 and
26 75 27 years
27 years 28 and
28 and 29 older

background : oral health among the [higher] educated is known to be better than among [the] less - well educated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 health
2 : 10 known
3 oral 4 health
4 health 5 among
4 health 9 is
5 among 8 educated
6 the 8 educated
9 is 10 known
10 known 11 to
10 known 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 better
13 better 14 than
13 better 20 educated
14 than 15 among
15 among 17 less
18 - 20 educated
19 well 20 educated
20 educated 21 .

on the other hand , the prevalence and severity [of] periodontal disease has been found to grow with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 on 8 and
1 on 12 disease
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
4 hand 5 ,
5 , 7 prevalence
5 , 8 and
6 the 7 prevalence
8 and 9 severity
11 periodontal 12 disease
12 disease 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 found
15 found 16 to
15 found 18 with
16 to 17 grow
18 with 19 increasing
19 increasing 20 age

methods : the participants were derived from a population - based helsinki aging study , a random sample of 76 - , 81 - and 86 - [year] - old [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 participants
2 : 6 derived
2 : 22 ,
2 : 32 .
3 the 4 participants
4 participants 5 were
5 were 6 derived
6 derived 7 from
7 from 9 population
8 a 9 population
9 population 14 study
10 - 14 study
11 based 14 study
12 helsinki 13 aging
13 aging 14 study
14 study 18 sample
14 study 21 -
15 , 18 sample
16 a 17 random
16 a 18 sample
17 random 18 sample
18 sample 19 of
18 sample 21 -
19 of 20 76
22 , 23 81
22 , 24 -
23 81 24 -
24 - 25 and
25 and 26 86
25 and 27 -
26 86 27 -
27 - 29 -
29 - 30 old

the 170 dentate elderly [who] [underwent] clinical oral examinations at baseline and 71 who participated in [the] [follow] - up were included in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 170
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dentate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 170
2 170 3 dentate
3 dentate 9 examinations
3 dentate 10 at
4 elderly 8 oral
7 clinical 8 oral
8 oral 9 examinations
10 at 11 baseline
12 and 13 71
12 and 22 included
13 71 14 who
13 71 15 participated
13 71 21 were
14 who 15 participated
15 participated 16 in
16 in 20 up
19 - 20 up
21 were 22 included
22 included 23 in
23 in 25 study
24 this 25 study

the data was collected from intraoral and radiological examinations and from a structured questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 was
3 was 4 collected
4 collected 10 and
5 from 9 examinations
5 from 10 and
6 intraoral 7 and
7 and 8 radiological
7 and 9 examinations
10 and 11 from
11 from 14 questionnaire
12 a 14 questionnaire
13 structured 14 questionnaire

results : subjects with a higher level of education had more retained teeth than subjects with a lower level of education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 subjects
2 : 10 had
3 subjects 4 with
3 subjects 10 had
4 with 7 level
5 a 7 level
6 higher 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 9 education
10 had 13 teeth
10 had 14 than
10 had 16 with
11 more 12 retained
12 retained 13 teeth
14 than 15 subjects
16 with 19 level
17 a 19 level
18 lower 19 level
19 level 20 of
20 of 21 education

according to cpitn [index] , better - educated participants had more healthy sextants , but they also had more sextants with periodontal pockets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 3 cpitn
2 to 5 ,
2 to 9 participants
6 better 7 -
6 better 9 participants
8 educated 9 participants
9 participants 10 had
10 had 13 sextants
11 more 12 healthy
12 healthy 13 sextants
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 they
15 but 18 had
16 they 18 had
17 also 18 had
18 had 20 sextants
18 had 21 with
19 more 20 sextants
21 with 23 pockets
22 periodontal 23 pockets

radiographic examination showed similar results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 radiographic 2 examination
2 examination 3 showed
3 showed 5 results
4 similar 5 results

conclusion : level of education has a clear effect on the periodontal health status in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 level
2 : 6 has
2 : 18 .
3 level 4 of
3 level 6 has
4 of 5 education
6 has 9 effect
6 has 10 on
6 has 15 in
7 a 8 clear
7 a 9 effect
8 clear 9 effect
10 on 14 status
11 the 14 status
12 periodontal 13 health
13 health 14 status
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly

more treatment need seems to polarise into those [elderly] who are better educated as [they] [retain] more teeth into old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 more 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 need
2 treatment 6 polarise
2 treatment 13 educated
3 need 4 seems
4 seems 5 to
4 seems 6 polarise
5 to 6 polarise
6 polarise 7 into
7 into 8 those
8 those 10 who
8 those 11 are
10 who 11 are
12 better 13 educated
13 educated 14 as
13 educated 18 teeth
13 educated 19 into
14 as 17 more
19 into 21 age
20 old 21 age

with advanced [of] age , production of reactive oxygen species increases in muscle tissues , which causes a continuous elevation of oxidative stress in the muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 production
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 with 4 age
1 with 5 ,
1 with 6 production
2 advanced 4 age
6 production 7 of
6 production 11 increases
7 of 10 species
8 reactive 9 oxygen
9 oxygen 10 species
11 increases 12 in
12 in 14 tissues
13 muscle 14 tissues
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 causes
16 which 17 causes
17 causes 20 elevation
17 causes 24 in
18 a 19 continuous
18 a 20 elevation
19 continuous 20 elevation
20 elevation 21 of
21 of 23 stress
22 oxidative 23 stress
24 in 26 muscle
25 the 26 muscle

such oxidative stress brings damage by oxidation of cell components such as lipids , proteins , and dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 brings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 such 3 stress
2 oxidative 3 stress
3 stress 4 brings
4 brings 5 damage
4 brings 6 by
4 brings 12 as
6 by 7 oxidation
7 oxidation 8 of
8 of 10 components
9 cell 10 components
11 such 12 as
12 as 17 and
13 lipids 14 ,
14 , 15 proteins
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 dna

[growing] [evidences] suggest that oxidative stress affects energy metabolism , protein degradation , and apoptosis in the muscle via transcriptional and posttranslation regulation of key proteins , which results in loss of muscle mass and metabolic dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 stress
4 that 7 affects
5 oxidative 6 stress
6 stress 7 affects
7 affects 35 and
8 energy 9 metabolism
9 metabolism 10 ,
10 , 12 degradation
10 , 14 and
11 protein 12 degradation
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 apoptosis
14 and 16 in
14 and 35 and
16 in 18 muscle
17 the 18 muscle
18 muscle 19 via
19 via 21 and
20 transcriptional 21 and
21 and 23 regulation
21 and 27 ,
21 and 28 which
21 and 34 mass
22 posttranslation 23 regulation
23 regulation 24 of
24 of 26 proteins
25 key 26 proteins
28 which 29 results
28 which 34 mass
29 results 30 in
29 results 32 of
29 results 34 mass
30 in 31 loss
32 of 33 muscle
35 and 37 dysfunction
36 metabolic 37 dysfunction

on the other hand , regular exercise and proper nutrition containing some antioxidant can improve the muscle function by a reduction of excessive oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 containing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 on 8 and
1 on 11 containing
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
4 hand 5 ,
5 , 7 exercise
5 , 8 and
6 regular 7 exercise
8 and 10 nutrition
9 proper 10 nutrition
11 containing 13 antioxidant
11 containing 14 can
12 some 13 antioxidant
14 can 15 improve
15 improve 18 function
15 improve 19 by
16 the 18 function
17 muscle 18 function
19 by 21 reduction
20 a 21 reduction
21 reduction 22 of
22 of 25 stress
23 excessive 25 stress
24 oxidative 25 stress

this article describes the influence of oxidative stress on the progress of age - related muscle dysfunction and reviews the effect of countermeasures such as exercise and diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 describes
3 describes 5 influence
3 describes 9 on
4 the 5 influence
5 influence 6 of
6 of 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
9 on 11 progress
10 the 11 progress
11 progress 12 of
12 of 13 age
14 - 18 and
15 related 17 dysfunction
15 related 18 and
16 muscle 17 dysfunction
18 and 19 reviews
19 reviews 21 effect
20 the 21 effect
21 effect 22 of
22 of 23 countermeasures
23 countermeasures 25 as
24 such 25 as
25 as 27 and
26 exercise 27 and
27 and 28 diet

vascular calcification has severe clinical consequences and is considered an accurate predictor of future adverse cardiovascular events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calcification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 vascular 2 calcification
2 calcification 7 and
3 has 6 consequences
3 has 7 and
4 severe 6 consequences
5 clinical 6 consequences
7 and 8 is
8 is 9 considered
9 considered 12 predictor
10 an 11 accurate
10 an 12 predictor
11 accurate 12 predictor
12 predictor 13 of
13 of 17 events
14 future 17 events
15 adverse 17 events
16 cardiovascular 17 events

vascular calcification refers to the deposition of calcium phosphate [mineral] , most often hydroxyapatite , in arteries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calcification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 refers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 vascular 2 calcification
2 calcification 3 refers
3 refers 4 to
3 refers 16 in
4 to 6 deposition
5 the 6 deposition
6 deposition 7 of
7 of 9 phosphate
8 calcium 9 phosphate
9 phosphate 14 hydroxyapatite
11 , 14 hydroxyapatite
12 most 13 often
13 often 14 hydroxyapatite
14 hydroxyapatite 15 ,
16 in 17 arteries

extensive calcification of the vascular system is a key characteristic of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 calcification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 extensive 2 calcification
2 calcification 3 of
2 calcification 7 is
3 of 6 system
4 the 6 system
5 vascular 6 system
7 is 10 characteristic
8 a 10 characteristic
9 key 10 characteristic
10 characteristic 11 of
11 of 12 aging

in this article , we outline the mechanisms governing vascular calcification and highlight its association with cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 article
5 we 12 and
6 outline 8 mechanisms
6 outline 12 and
7 the 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 governing
9 governing 11 calcification
10 vascular 11 calcification
12 and 13 highlight
13 highlight 15 association
13 highlight 16 with
14 its 15 association
16 with 18 senescence
17 cellular 18 senescence

this review discusses the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence and its [affect] [on] calcification of vascular cells , the relevance of phosphate regulation and the function of fgf23 and klotho proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 discusses
3 discusses 6 mechanisms
4 the 6 mechanisms
5 molecular 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 cellular 9 senescence
9 senescence 10 and
10 and 14 calcification
10 and 15 of
11 its 14 calcification
15 of 17 cells
16 vascular 17 cells
18 , 24 and
19 the 20 relevance
20 relevance 21 of
20 relevance 24 and
21 of 23 regulation
22 phosphate 23 regulation
24 and 26 function
24 and 27 of
25 the 26 function
27 of 29 and
28 fgf23 29 and
29 and 31 proteins
30 klotho 31 proteins

the association of vascular calcification and cellular senescence with the rare human aging disorder hutchison - gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps ) is highlighted and the mouse models used to try to determine the underlying pathways are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 used
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 of
2 association 6 and
3 of 5 calcification
4 vascular 5 calcification
6 and 8 senescence
6 and 9 with
6 and 29 used
7 cellular 8 senescence
9 with 25 and
10 the 12 human
11 rare 12 human
12 human 13 aging
12 human 24 highlighted
12 human 25 and
13 aging 14 disorder
14 disorder 15 hutchison
14 disorder 23 is
15 hutchison 19 syndrome
15 hutchison 23 is
16 - 19 syndrome
17 gilford 18 progeria
18 progeria 19 syndrome
19 syndrome 21 hgps
19 syndrome 22 )
20 ( 21 hgps
21 hgps 22 )
25 and 28 models
26 the 28 models
27 mouse 28 models
29 used 30 to
29 used 31 try
30 to 31 try
31 try 32 to
32 to 33 determine
33 determine 36 pathways
33 determine 38 discussed
34 the 36 pathways
35 underlying 36 pathways
36 pathways 37 are
37 are 38 discussed
38 discussed 39 .

by understanding the pathways involved in these processes novel drug targets may be elucidated in an effort to reduce the effects of cellular aging as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 targets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 by 2 understanding
1 by 11 targets
2 understanding 4 pathways
3 the 4 pathways
4 pathways 5 involved
4 pathways 6 in
6 in 8 processes
7 these 8 processes
9 novel 11 targets
10 drug 11 targets
11 targets 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 14 elucidated
14 elucidated 15 in
14 elucidated 18 to
15 in 17 effort
16 an 17 effort
18 to 19 reduce
19 reduce 21 effects
19 reduce 25 as
19 reduce 29 in
20 the 21 effects
21 effects 22 of
22 of 24 aging
23 cellular 24 aging
25 as 28 factor
26 a 28 factor
27 risk 28 factor
29 in 31 disease
30 cardiovascular 31 disease

diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is one of the major [non] - genetic risk factors for alzheimer disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mellitus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 diabetes 2 mellitus
2 mellitus 4 dm
2 mellitus 6 is
3 ( 4 dm
4 dm 5 )
6 is 7 one
7 one 8 of
7 one 15 factors
8 of 10 major
9 the 10 major
12 - 15 factors
13 genetic 15 factors
14 risk 15 factors
15 factors 16 for
15 factors 20 ad
15 factors 21 )
16 for 18 disease
17 alzheimer 18 disease
19 ( 20 ad
20 ad 21 )

however , the mechanism by which dm increases the risk of ad has not been elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanism
3 the 4 mechanism
4 mechanism 5 by
4 mechanism 13 has
5 by 6 which
5 by 7 dm
5 by 8 increases
7 dm 8 increases
8 increases 10 risk
9 the 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
11 of 12 ad
13 has 14 not
13 has 15 been
15 been 16 elucidated

here , we summarize recent findings to address this question . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 summarize
4 summarize 6 findings
4 summarize 7 to
5 recent 6 findings
7 to 8 address
8 address 10 question
9 this 10 question

whereas neuropathological studies in humans suggest that dm does not increase aβ accumulation in the brain ( a major hallmark of ad ) , earlier works in animal models show that aβ does accumulate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 works
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 whereas 3 studies
1 whereas 6 suggest
1 whereas 24 ,
1 whereas 26 works
2 neuropathological 3 studies
3 studies 4 in
3 studies 6 suggest
4 in 5 humans
6 suggest 7 that
7 that 8 dm
7 that 11 increase
8 dm 9 does
9 does 10 not
9 does 11 increase
11 increase 13 accumulation
11 increase 14 in
12 aβ 13 accumulation
14 in 16 brain
15 the 16 brain
16 brain 20 hallmark
17 ( 20 hallmark
18 a 19 major
18 a 20 hallmark
19 major 20 hallmark
20 hallmark 21 of
20 hallmark 23 )
21 of 22 ad
25 earlier 26 works
26 works 27 in
26 works 30 show
27 in 29 models
28 animal 29 models
30 show 31 that
31 that 32 aβ
31 that 34 accumulate
32 aβ 33 does
33 does 34 accumulate

therefore , alternate mechanisms might exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 mechanisms
3 alternate 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 might
5 might 6 exist

recent studies using the human brain indicate that insulin signaling is impaired in the ad brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 using
2 studies 7 indicate
3 using 6 brain
4 the 6 brain
5 human 6 brain
7 indicate 8 that
8 that 9 insulin
8 that 12 impaired
9 insulin 10 signaling
9 insulin 11 is
11 is 12 impaired
12 impaired 13 in
13 in 16 brain
14 the 16 brain
15 ad 16 brain

in neurons , this insulin signaling plays a key role in modulating synaptic function [and] neuronal senescence besides regulating tau phosphorylation , another hallmark of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 insulin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 plays
1 in 2 neurons
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 insulin
4 this 5 insulin
5 insulin 6 signaling
5 insulin 7 plays
7 plays 10 role
7 plays 18 besides
8 a 10 role
9 key 10 role
10 role 11 in
11 in 17 senescence
12 modulating 17 senescence
13 synaptic 14 function
14 function 17 senescence
16 neuronal 17 senescence
18 besides 19 regulating
19 regulating 21 phosphorylation
20 tau 21 phosphorylation
21 phosphorylation 24 hallmark
22 , 24 hallmark
23 another 24 hallmark
24 hallmark 25 of
24 hallmark 27 .
25 of 26 ad

on the other hand , in cerebrovessels , dm causes vascular remodeling , which involves increased rage ( [receptor] for advanced glycation endproducts ) expression , and ad is associated with cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy ( caa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 dm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 9 dm
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
5 , 6 in
6 in 7 cerebrovessels
6 in 8 ,
6 in 9 dm
9 dm 10 causes
10 causes 12 remodeling
11 vascular 12 remodeling
12 remodeling 14 which
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 involves
14 which 26 ,
15 involves 25 expression
16 increased 25 expression
17 rage 20 for
17 rage 25 expression
18 ( 20 for
20 for 23 endproducts
20 for 24 )
21 advanced 22 glycation
22 glycation 23 endproducts
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 ad
27 and 30 associated
28 ad 29 is
29 is 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
31 with 34 angiopathy
32 cerebrovascular 34 angiopathy
33 amyloid 34 angiopathy
34 angiopathy 36 caa
35 ( 36 caa
36 caa 37 )

our recent study involving ad mice with dm has revealed that a vicious circle underlies the interaction between ad and dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 our 3 study
2 recent 3 study
3 study 4 involving
3 study 9 has
4 involving 6 mice
4 involving 7 with
5 ad 6 mice
7 with 8 dm
9 has 10 revealed
10 revealed 11 that
11 that 14 circle
11 that 15 underlies
12 a 13 vicious
12 a 14 circle
13 vicious 14 circle
14 circle 15 underlies
15 underlies 17 interaction
15 underlies 18 between
16 the 17 interaction
18 between 21 dm
19 ad 20 and
20 and 21 dm

interestingly , in our mouse model , ad increased rage expression , and dm worsened caa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 8 ad
2 , 3 in
3 in 6 model
3 in 7 ,
3 in 8 ad
4 our 6 model
5 mouse 6 model
8 ad 9 increased
9 increased 11 expression
10 rage 11 expression
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 dm
13 and 15 worsened
14 dm 15 worsened
15 worsened 16 caa

the contribution of vascular factors such as rage expression and caa to the impairment of insulin signaling will be discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 contribution
2 contribution 3 of
2 contribution 12 to
2 contribution 18 will
3 of 5 factors
4 vascular 5 factors
5 factors 7 as
6 such 7 as
7 as 10 and
8 rage 9 expression
9 expression 10 and
10 and 11 caa
12 to 14 impairment
13 the 14 impairment
14 impairment 15 of
15 of 16 insulin
16 insulin 17 signaling
18 will 19 be
19 be 20 discussed

this impaired insulin signaling might be a possible link between ad and dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 insulin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
1 this 2 impaired
2 impaired 3 insulin
3 insulin 4 signaling
3 insulin 5 might
5 might 6 be
6 be 9 link
7 a 8 possible
7 a 9 link
8 possible 9 link
9 link 10 between
10 between 13 dm
11 ad 12 and
12 and 13 dm
13 dm 14 .

moreover , insulin signaling is also involved in the mechanism of aging , decreasing with an increase in age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 insulin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 involved
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 insulin
3 insulin 4 signaling
3 insulin 5 is
5 is 6 also
5 is 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 10 mechanism
9 the 10 mechanism
10 mechanism 11 of
11 of 12 aging
12 aging 14 decreasing
13 , 14 decreasing
14 decreasing 15 with
14 decreasing 18 in
14 decreasing 20 .
15 with 17 increase
16 an 17 increase
18 in 19 age

an identification of the mechanism [whereby] dm modifies the pathological condition of ad through the modulation of insulin signaling is required to develop potential therapeutics for ad [not] only with but also without dm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identification
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 modifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 an 2 identification
2 identification 3 of
2 identification 8 modifies
3 of 7 dm
4 the 7 dm
5 mechanism 7 dm
8 modifies 11 condition
8 modifies 31 but
8 modifies 33 without
9 the 11 condition
10 pathological 11 condition
11 condition 12 of
11 condition 17 of
12 of 13 ad
13 ad 14 through
14 through 16 modulation
15 the 16 modulation
17 of 18 insulin
18 insulin 19 signaling
18 insulin 30 with
19 signaling 20 is
20 is 21 required
21 required 22 to
22 to 23 develop
23 develop 25 therapeutics
23 develop 29 only
23 develop 30 with
24 potential 25 therapeutics
25 therapeutics 26 for
26 for 27 ad
31 but 32 also
33 without 34 dm

the nature of knowledge , i.e [.] sensory - dependent or abstract , is controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 nature
2 nature 3 of
2 nature 5 ,
3 of 4 knowledge
5 , 10 dependent
5 , 11 or
6 i.e 10 dependent
8 sensory 9 -
8 sensory 10 dependent
11 or 12 abstract
11 or 13 ,
11 or 14 is
14 is 15 controversial

growing evidence supports the existence of sensory - dependent knowledge in young individuals , but this question remains unexplored in elderly individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 growing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 growing 2 evidence
1 growing 3 supports
3 supports 5 existence
3 supports 11 in
4 the 5 existence
5 existence 6 of
6 of 10 knowledge
7 sensory 8 -
7 sensory 10 knowledge
9 dependent 10 knowledge
11 in 13 individuals
12 young 13 individuals
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 question
15 but 18 remains
16 this 17 question
17 question 18 remains
18 remains 19 unexplored
19 unexplored 20 in
20 in 22 individuals
21 elderly 22 individuals

thus the first objective of this study was to assess sensory - dependent knowledge in normal aging using a cross - modal priming paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 thus 4 objective
2 the 3 first
2 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 14 knowledge
10 assess 15 in
11 sensory 12 -
11 sensory 14 knowledge
13 dependent 14 knowledge
15 in 17 aging
16 normal 17 aging
17 aging 18 using
18 using 20 cross
19 a 20 cross
21 - 24 paradigm
21 - 25 .
22 modal 23 priming
23 priming 24 paradigm

the cross - modal priming is a way to verify the nature of knowledge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cross
3 - 5 priming
3 - 6 is
3 - 15 .
4 modal 5 priming
5 priming 6 is
6 is 8 way
7 a 8 way
8 way 9 to
8 way 10 verify
9 to 10 verify
10 verify 12 nature
11 the 12 nature
12 nature 13 of
13 of 14 knowledge

however , contradictory results are reported about the existence of a cross - modal priming effect in normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 results
3 contradictory 4 results
4 results 5 are
5 are 6 reported
6 reported 7 about
7 about 9 existence
8 the 9 existence
9 existence 10 of
10 of 12 cross
11 a 12 cross
13 - 16 effect
14 modal 15 priming
15 priming 16 effect
16 effect 17 in
17 in 19 aging
18 normal 19 aging

one possible explanation for the controversial findings is the priming task difficulty that would require too much executive resources in elderly participants and would prevent them to obtain a priming effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explanation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 one 3 explanation
2 possible 3 explanation
3 explanation 4 for
3 explanation 23 and
4 for 7 findings
5 the 7 findings
6 controversial 7 findings
8 is 12 difficulty
8 is 23 and
9 the 12 difficulty
10 priming 12 difficulty
11 task 12 difficulty
12 difficulty 13 that
12 difficulty 14 would
13 that 14 would
14 would 15 require
15 require 17 much
15 require 19 resources
16 too 17 much
18 executive 19 resources
19 resources 20 in
20 in 22 participants
21 elderly 22 participants
23 and 24 would
23 and 27 to
23 and 31 effect
24 would 25 prevent
25 prevent 26 them
27 to 28 obtain
28 obtain 30 priming
29 a 30 priming

therefore , the second objective was to assess the executive involvement in the priming task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 objective
3 the 5 objective
4 second 5 objective
5 objective 6 was
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 involvement
8 assess 12 in
9 the 11 involvement
10 executive 11 involvement
12 in 15 task
13 the 15 task
14 priming 15 task

the method was based on a cross [-] modal priming paradigm with familiar bimodal items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 method
2 method 3 was
3 was 4 based
4 based 5 on
4 based 12 with
5 on 11 paradigm
6 a 11 paradigm
7 cross 11 paradigm
9 modal 10 priming
10 priming 11 paradigm
12 with 15 items
13 familiar 15 items
14 bimodal 15 items

first , all the sound primes were presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 all
3 all 4 the
3 all 6 primes
3 all 7 were
4 the 6 primes
5 sound 6 primes
7 were 8 presented

for half of them , a visual abstract mask was presented simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mask
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 for 2 half
1 for 5 ,
1 for 9 mask
2 half 3 of
3 of 4 them
6 a 7 visual
6 a 9 mask
7 visual 9 mask
8 abstract 9 mask
9 mask 10 was
10 was 11 presented
11 presented 12 simultaneously

then , all the visual targets were processed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 processed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 then 2 ,
1 then 3 all
3 all 4 the
3 all 6 targets
3 all 7 were
4 the 6 targets
5 visual 6 targets
7 were 8 processed

a battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to assess the involvement of executive functions in the priming paradigm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 battery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 battery
2 battery 3 of
2 battery 6 was
3 of 5 tests
4 neuropsychological 5 tests
6 was 7 administered
7 administered 8 to
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 11 involvement
9 assess 14 functions
10 the 11 involvement
11 involvement 12 of
11 involvement 14 functions
12 of 13 executive
14 functions 15 in
15 in 18 paradigm
16 the 18 paradigm
17 priming 18 paradigm

the results demonstrated a priming effect in the young and elderly participants , but only for the primes presented without the visual mask . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 6 effect
4 a 6 effect
5 priming 6 effect
6 effect 14 but
7 in 12 participants
7 in 14 but
8 the 12 participants
9 young 10 and
10 and 11 elderly
10 and 12 participants
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 only
14 but 16 for
16 for 18 primes
17 the 18 primes
18 primes 19 presented
19 presented 20 without
20 without 23 mask
21 the 23 mask
22 visual 23 mask

the mask interference demonstrated the perceptual nature of the priming effect which supports the sensory - dependent theory of knowledge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 interference
2 mask 3 interference
3 interference 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 7 nature
5 the 7 nature
6 perceptual 7 nature
7 nature 8 of
8 of 11 effect
9 the 11 effect
10 priming 11 effect
11 effect 12 which
11 effect 13 supports
12 which 13 supports
13 supports 18 theory
14 the 18 theory
15 sensory 16 -
15 sensory 18 theory
17 dependent 18 theory
18 theory 19 of
19 of 20 knowledge

the executive functions were correlated with the priming task only in the elderly participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 functions
2 executive 3 functions
3 functions 4 were
4 were 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
5 correlated 10 only
6 with 9 task
7 the 9 task
8 priming 9 task
10 only 11 in
11 in 14 participants
12 the 14 participants
13 elderly 14 participants

these results therefore support the task difficulty hypothesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 4 support
3 therefore 4 support
4 support 8 hypothesis
5 the 8 hypothesis
6 task 8 hypothesis
7 difficulty 8 hypothesis

the aging process is a universal , intrinsic , progressive accumulation of deleterious changes in cells and tissues that increases morbidity and leads to death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 process
2 aging 3 process
3 process 4 is
4 is 11 accumulation
4 is 15 in
5 a 11 accumulation
6 universal 7 ,
6 universal 10 progressive
8 intrinsic 9 ,
8 intrinsic 10 progressive
10 progressive 11 accumulation
11 accumulation 12 of
12 of 14 changes
13 deleterious 14 changes
15 in 17 and
16 cells 17 and
17 and 18 tissues
17 and 19 that
17 and 22 and
19 that 22 and
20 increases 21 morbidity
20 increases 22 and
22 and 23 leads
23 leads 24 to
24 to 25 death

the heterogeneity of the age - related physiological changes is shown by the " biological age " , which determines the rate of ageing experienced by each individual and therefore his life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heterogeneity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 heterogeneity
2 heterogeneity 3 of
2 heterogeneity 10 is
3 of 5 age
4 the 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 9 changes
7 related 10 is
8 physiological 9 changes
10 is 11 shown
11 shown 12 by
12 by 16 age
13 the 14 "
13 the 16 age
15 biological 16 age
16 age 17 "
18 , 19 which
18 , 20 determines
19 which 20 determines
20 determines 29 and
21 the 22 rate
22 rate 23 of
22 rate 25 experienced
22 rate 29 and
23 of 24 ageing
25 experienced 26 by
26 by 28 individual
27 each 28 individual
29 and 30 therefore
29 and 33 expectancy
31 his 33 expectancy
32 life 33 expectancy

according to the recent theory of oxidation - inflammation to explain the aging process , the immune system seems to be involved in the chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 5 theory
2 to 18 system
3 the 5 theory
4 recent 5 theory
5 theory 6 of
6 of 7 oxidation
7 oxidation 9 inflammation
8 - 9 inflammation
9 inflammation 10 to
9 inflammation 11 explain
9 inflammation 15 ,
10 to 11 explain
11 explain 14 process
12 the 14 process
13 aging 14 process
16 the 18 system
17 immune 18 system
18 system 19 seems
19 seems 20 to
19 seems 22 involved
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 involved
22 involved 23 in
23 in 30 conditions
24 the 30 conditions
25 chronic 30 conditions
26 oxidative 27 and
27 and 28 inflammatory
27 and 29 stress
29 stress 30 conditions
30 conditions 31 of
31 of 32 aging

it has been proposed that several age - related changes in immune cell functions , which depend on the redox state of these cells , could be good markers of health , biological age and longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 proposed
4 proposed 5 that
5 that 6 several
5 that 7 age
6 several 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 changes
9 related 15 ,
10 changes 11 in
11 in 14 functions
12 immune 13 cell
13 cell 14 functions
15 , 16 which
15 , 25 ,
16 which 25 ,
17 depend 18 on
17 depend 25 ,
18 on 21 state
19 the 21 state
20 redox 21 state
21 state 22 of
22 of 24 cells
23 these 24 cells
25 , 26 could
26 could 27 be
27 be 29 markers
28 good 29 markers
29 markers 30 of
30 of 35 and
31 health 32 ,
32 , 34 age
32 , 35 and
33 biological 34 age
35 and 36 longevity

in order to identify parameters of the functional and redox situation of immune cells as markers of biological age and predictors of longevity , we have studied those parameters in human healthy centenarians , in extreme long - living mice , as models of successful aging , [and] in immune cells from murine models of premature immunosenescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 studied
1 in 2 order
1 in 25 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 identify
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 5 parameters
5 parameters 6 of
5 parameters 12 of
6 of 11 situation
7 the 11 situation
8 functional 9 and
9 and 10 redox
9 and 11 situation
12 of 14 cells
13 immune 14 cells
15 as 20 and
15 as 24 ,
15 as 25 we
16 markers 17 of
16 markers 20 and
17 of 19 age
18 biological 19 age
20 and 21 predictors
20 and 22 of
22 of 23 longevity
25 we 26 have
26 have 27 studied
27 studied 29 parameters
28 those 29 parameters
29 parameters 30 in
29 parameters 35 in
30 in 33 centenarians
31 human 33 centenarians
32 healthy 33 centenarians
34 , 35 in
35 in 40 mice
35 in 58 .
36 extreme 40 mice
37 long 38 -
37 long 40 mice
39 living 40 mice
40 mice 42 as
40 mice 49 in
41 , 42 as
42 as 43 models
42 as 47 ,
43 models 44 of
44 of 46 aging
45 successful 46 aging
47 , 49 in
49 in 51 cells
49 in 58 .
50 immune 51 cells
51 cells 52 from
51 cells 55 of
52 from 54 models
53 murine 54 models
55 of 57 immunosenescence
56 premature 57 immunosenescence

the aim of the present work is to review the results in humans and rodents on those parameters and their relationship with biological age and longevity , as well as to propose several strategies of lifestyle useful to improve the immune function and thus to increase the mean life span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 is
3 of 6 work
4 the 6 work
5 present 6 work
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 review
8 to 9 review
9 review 25 and
9 review 30 as
10 the 25 and
11 results 12 in
11 results 14 and
12 in 13 humans
14 and 15 rodents
14 and 16 on
14 and 19 and
16 on 18 parameters
17 those 18 parameters
19 and 21 relationship
19 and 25 and
20 their 21 relationship
21 relationship 22 with
22 with 24 age
23 biological 24 age
25 and 26 longevity
25 and 27 ,
25 and 28 as
28 as 29 well
30 as 31 to
31 to 32 propose
32 propose 34 strategies
33 several 34 strategies
34 strategies 35 of
34 strategies 37 useful
35 of 36 lifestyle
37 useful 38 to
37 useful 50 span
38 to 43 and
39 improve 42 function
39 improve 43 and
40 the 42 function
41 immune 42 function
43 and 45 to
43 and 50 span
44 thus 45 to
45 to 46 increase
46 increase 49 life
47 the 49 life
48 mean 49 life

the current analysis reexamines the relationship between supplemental vitamin e and all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reexamines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 3 analysis
2 current 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 reexamines
4 reexamines 6 relationship
4 reexamines 7 between
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 11 and
8 supplemental 9 vitamin
9 vitamin 10 e
9 vitamin 11 and
11 and 12 all
13 - 14 cause
13 - 16 .
14 cause 15 mortality

all randomized , controlled trials testing the treatment effect of vitamin e supplementation in adults for at least one year were sought . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 all 2 randomized
2 randomized 3 ,
2 randomized 5 trials
4 controlled 5 trials
5 trials 6 testing
5 trials 21 were
6 testing 9 effect
6 testing 14 in
7 the 9 effect
8 treatment 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
10 of 13 supplementation
11 vitamin 12 e
11 vitamin 13 supplementation
14 in 15 adults
15 adults 16 for
16 for 20 year
17 at 18 least
18 least 19 one
19 one 20 year
21 were 22 sought

medline , the cochrane library , and biological abstracts databases were searched using the terms " vitamin e , " " alpha - tocopherol , " " antioxidants , " " clinical trial , " and " controlled trial " for studies published through april 2010 ; results were limited to english , german , or spanish language articles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 medline 2 ,
2 , 5 library
2 , 7 and
3 the 5 library
4 cochrane 5 library
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 abstracts
7 and 10 databases
7 and 11 were
7 and 12 searched
8 biological 9 abstracts
10 databases 11 were
12 searched 13 using
13 using 17 vitamin
14 the 17 vitamin
15 terms 16 "
15 terms 17 vitamin
17 vitamin 18 e
17 vitamin 22 alpha
19 , 20 "
19 , 22 alpha
20 " 21 "
22 alpha 23 -
23 - 36 and
23 - 47 ;
23 - 49 were
24 tocopherol 25 ,
25 , 26 "
25 , 28 antioxidants
25 , 29 ,
26 " 27 "
29 , 30 "
29 , 33 trial
29 , 36 and
30 " 31 "
32 clinical 33 trial
34 , 35 "
34 , 36 and
36 and 37 "
36 and 39 trial
36 and 41 for
38 controlled 39 trial
39 trial 40 "
41 for 42 studies
42 studies 43 published
43 published 44 through
44 through 45 april
45 april 46 2010
47 ; 48 results
48 results 49 were
49 were 50 limited
50 limited 51 to
51 to 56 or
52 english 53 ,
52 english 54 german
54 german 56 or
55 , 56 or
56 or 59 articles
57 spanish 58 language
58 language 59 articles

studies were also obtained through reference mining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 studies 2 were
2 were 4 obtained
3 also 4 obtained
4 obtained 5 through
5 through 6 reference
6 reference 7 mining

all randomized controlled trials using vitamin e , with a supplementation period of at least one year , to prevent or treat disease in adults were identified and abstracted independently by two raters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 all 2 randomized
1 all 21 or
3 controlled 4 trials
3 controlled 21 or
4 trials 5 using
4 trials 19 to
4 trials 20 prevent
5 using 6 vitamin
5 using 9 with
6 vitamin 7 e
8 , 9 with
9 with 12 period
9 with 18 ,
10 a 12 period
11 supplementation 12 period
12 period 13 of
13 of 17 year
14 at 15 least
15 least 17 year
16 one 17 year
19 to 20 prevent
21 or 22 treat
21 or 31 by
22 treat 23 disease
22 treat 24 in
22 treat 30 independently
24 in 25 adults
25 adults 28 and
26 were 27 identified
26 were 28 and
28 and 29 abstracted
31 by 33 raters
32 two 33 raters

mortality data from trials with a supplementation period of at least one year were pooled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 pooled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mortality 2 data
2 data 3 from
2 data 14 were
3 from 4 trials
4 trials 5 with
5 with 8 period
6 a 8 period
7 supplementation 8 period
8 period 9 of
9 of 13 year
10 at 11 least
11 least 12 one
12 one 13 year
14 were 15 pooled

the selected trials ( n = 57 ) were published between 1988 and 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 trials
2 selected 3 trials
3 trials 6 =
3 trials 9 were
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 57
6 = 8 )
9 were 10 published
10 published 11 between
11 between 13 and
12 1988 13 and
13 and 14 2009

sample sizes range from 28 to 39,876 ( median [=] 423 ) , yielding 246,371 subjects and [29,295] all - cause deaths . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sizes
1 sample 2 sizes
2 sizes 3 range
2 sizes 14 yielding
3 range 6 to
3 range 9 median
4 from 6 to
5 28 6 to
6 to 7 39,876
8 ( 9 median
9 median 11 423
9 median 12 )
13 , 14 yielding
14 yielding 17 and
14 yielding 23 .
15 246,371 17 and
16 subjects 17 and
17 and 19 all
17 and 22 deaths
20 - 22 deaths
21 cause 22 deaths
22 deaths 23 .

duration of supplementation for the 57 trials range from one to 10.1 years ( [median] = 2.6 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 duration 7 trials
2 of 3 supplementation
2 of 7 trials
3 supplementation 4 for
4 for 6 57
5 the 6 57
7 trials 8 range
8 range 9 from
9 from 13 years
10 one 11 to
11 to 12 10.1
11 to 13 years
13 years 18 years
14 ( 18 years
16 = 17 2.6
17 2.6 18 years
18 years 19 )

a random effects meta - analysis produce [an] overall risk ratio of 1.00 [(] 95 % confidence [interval] : 0.98 , 1.02 ) ; additional analyses suggest no relationship between dose [and] risk of mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 a 2 random
1 a 11 ratio
2 random 7 produce
3 effects 7 produce
4 meta 5 -
4 meta 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 produce
7 produce 11 ratio
9 overall 11 ratio
10 risk 11 ratio
11 ratio 12 of
11 ratio 19 :
12 of 17 confidence
13 1.00 17 confidence
15 95 16 %
16 % 17 confidence
19 : 20 0.98
20 0.98 22 1.02
21 , 22 1.02
22 1.02 23 )
24 ; 26 analyses
24 ; 27 suggest
25 additional 26 analyses
26 analyses 27 suggest
27 suggest 29 relationship
27 suggest 30 between
28 no 29 relationship
30 between 33 risk
31 dose 33 risk
33 risk 34 of
34 of 35 mortality

based on the present meta - analysis , supplementation with vitamin e appears to have no effect on all - cause mortality at doses up to 5,500 iu/d . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 8 ,
1 based 9 supplementation
2 on 7 analysis
3 the 7 analysis
4 present 7 analysis
5 meta 6 -
5 meta 7 analysis
9 supplementation 10 with
9 supplementation 13 appears
10 with 11 vitamin
11 vitamin 12 e
13 appears 14 to
13 appears 15 have
14 to 15 have
15 have 17 effect
16 no 17 effect
17 effect 18 on
18 on 19 all
20 - 21 cause
21 cause 22 mortality
21 cause 23 at
21 cause 25 up
21 cause 26 to
23 at 24 doses
26 to 28 iu/d
27 5,500 28 iu/d

age is an established major risk factor for glaucoma that can be used along with other data to compute chances of developing glaucoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 age 2 is
2 is 7 factor
3 an 7 factor
4 established 5 major
5 major 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor
7 factor 8 for
7 factor 10 that
7 factor 11 can
8 for 9 glaucoma
10 that 11 can
11 can 12 be
12 be 13 used
13 used 15 with
13 used 18 to
13 used 19 compute
14 along 15 with
15 with 17 data
16 other 17 data
18 to 19 compute
19 compute 20 chances
20 chances 21 of
21 of 22 developing
22 developing 23 glaucoma

this leading cause of blindness is becoming [increasingly] more prevalent in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 3 cause
2 leading 3 cause
3 cause 4 of
3 cause 6 is
4 of 5 blindness
6 is 7 becoming
7 becoming 10 prevalent
9 more 10 prevalent
10 prevalent 11 in
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 aging 14 population

the characteristic progressive degeneration of the optic nerve in glaucoma is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure yet the cause for the reduced outflow is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 degeneration
2 characteristic 4 degeneration
3 progressive 4 degeneration
4 degeneration 5 of
4 degeneration 11 is
5 of 8 nerve
6 the 8 nerve
7 optic 8 nerve
8 nerve 9 in
9 in 10 glaucoma
11 is 13 caused
12 primarily 13 caused
13 caused 14 by
13 caused 18 yet
14 by 17 pressure
15 increased 17 pressure
16 intraocular 17 pressure
18 yet 20 cause
19 the 20 cause
20 cause 21 for
20 cause 25 is
21 for 24 outflow
22 the 24 outflow
23 reduced 24 outflow
25 is 26 not
25 is 27 well
27 well 28 understood

early diagnosis of glaucoma remains difficult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 early 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 5 remains
3 of 4 glaucoma
5 remains 6 difficult

classic treatment can delay progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy by lowering intraocular pressure medically [or] surgically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 delay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 classic 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 can
3 can 4 delay
4 delay 5 progression
4 delay 10 by
5 progression 6 of
6 of 9 neuropathy
7 glaucomatous 9 neuropathy
8 optic 9 neuropathy
10 by 11 lowering
11 lowering 13 pressure
11 lowering 14 medically
11 lowering 16 surgically
12 intraocular 13 pressure

recent insights into the age - related molecular changes of the outflow tract and retinal ganglion cells have encouraged search for new treatment approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 search
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 insights
2 insights 3 into
2 insights 20 search
3 into 5 age
4 the 5 age
5 age 19 encouraged
6 - 7 related
7 related 9 changes
7 related 19 encouraged
8 molecular 9 changes
9 changes 10 of
10 of 14 and
11 the 13 tract
12 outflow 13 tract
13 tract 14 and
14 and 16 ganglion
14 and 17 cells
14 and 18 have
15 retinal 16 ganglion
17 cells 18 have
20 search 21 for
21 for 24 approaches
22 new 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 approaches

new findings suggest that age related tissue changes themselves [contribute] significantly [and] are not just associated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 new 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 8 changes
4 that 16 associated
5 age 6 related
6 related 8 changes
7 tissue 8 changes
8 changes 13 are
9 themselves 13 are
11 significantly 13 are
13 are 14 not
13 are 15 just
13 are 16 associated

interdisciplinary research will be necessary to advance understanding , diagnosis and treatment of this neurodegenerative disease that has been known for more than [thousand] years but to this date remains a challenge . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 interdisciplinary 2 research
2 research 3 will
3 will 4 be
4 be 5 necessary
5 necessary 6 to
6 to 7 advance
7 advance 10 diagnosis
8 understanding 9 ,
8 understanding 10 diagnosis
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 30 remains
12 treatment 13 of
12 treatment 17 that
12 treatment 18 has
12 treatment 30 remains
13 of 16 disease
14 this 15 neurodegenerative
15 neurodegenerative 16 disease
17 that 18 has
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 known
20 known 21 for
20 known 23 than
21 for 22 more
23 than 25 years
25 years 26 but
26 but 27 to
27 to 29 date
28 this 29 date
30 remains 32 challenge
31 a 32 challenge

in the arterial wall nitric oxide ( no ) is the key transmitter for endothelium - dependent regulation of vascular tone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 oxide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 4 wall
1 in 6 oxide
2 the 4 wall
3 arterial 4 wall
5 nitric 6 oxide
6 oxide 8 no
6 oxide 10 is
7 ( 8 no
8 no 9 )
10 is 13 transmitter
11 the 13 transmitter
12 key 13 transmitter
13 transmitter 14 for
14 for 15 endothelium
16 - 18 regulation
17 dependent 18 regulation
18 regulation 19 of
19 of 21 tone
20 vascular 21 tone

it is produced in intact endothelial cells by endothelial no synthase ( enos ) as the key enzyme from l - arginine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 produced
3 produced 4 in
3 produced 8 by
3 produced 15 as
4 in 7 cells
5 intact 7 cells
6 endothelial 7 cells
8 by 11 synthase
9 endothelial 11 synthase
10 no 11 synthase
11 synthase 13 enos
12 ( 13 enos
13 enos 14 )
15 as 18 enzyme
16 the 18 enzyme
17 key 18 enzyme
18 enzyme 19 from
19 from 20 l
21 - 22 arginine
21 - 23 .

endothelial no generation is highly regulated by mechanical , humoral , and metabolic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 endothelial 2 no
2 no 3 generation
3 generation 4 is
4 is 5 highly
4 is 6 regulated
6 regulated 7 by
7 by 14 factors
8 mechanical 9 ,
9 , 10 humoral
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 metabolic
12 and 14 factors

released from endothelial cells no is rapidly transported to the neighboring vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) , where it induces the production of cgmp as a second messenger . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 released
1 released 2 from
1 released 6 is
1 released 9 to
1 released 20 where
2 from 4 cells
3 endothelial 4 cells
5 no 6 is
6 is 8 transported
7 rapidly 8 transported
9 to 15 cells
10 the 15 cells
11 neighboring 14 muscle
12 vascular 14 muscle
13 smooth 14 muscle
14 muscle 15 cells
15 cells 17 vsmcs
16 ( 17 vsmcs
17 vsmcs 18 )
19 , 20 where
20 where 21 it
20 where 22 induces
20 where 31 .
21 it 22 induces
22 induces 24 production
22 induces 27 as
23 the 24 production
24 production 25 of
25 of 26 cgmp
27 as 30 messenger
28 a 30 messenger
29 second 30 messenger

cgmp in turn increases ca2+ uptake into intracellular calcium stores thereby lowering [[] ca2+ ]i and inducing vsmc relaxation and vasodilation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cgmp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cgmp 4 increases
2 in 3 turn
3 turn 4 increases
4 increases 6 uptake
4 increases 7 into
5 ca2+ 6 uptake
7 into 10 stores
8 intracellular 9 calcium
9 calcium 10 stores
10 stores 12 lowering
11 thereby 12 lowering
12 lowering 20 and
14 ca2+ 15 ]i
15 ]i 16 and
16 and 19 relaxation
16 and 20 and
17 inducing 19 relaxation
18 vsmc 19 relaxation
20 and 21 vasodilation

on its way to the vsmcs no may be prematurely degraded by reactive oxygen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 no
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 degraded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 on 3 way
1 on 7 no
2 its 3 way
3 way 4 to
4 to 6 vsmcs
5 the 6 vsmcs
7 no 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 prematurely
9 be 11 degraded
11 degraded 12 by
12 by 15 species
13 reactive 14 oxygen
14 oxygen 15 species

on the other hand , chronic endurance exercise with regular bouts of increased laminar flow along the endothelium has the potential to increase enos mrna expression and phosphorylation via akt ( protein kinase b ) and to reduce oxidative stress by improving antioxidative protection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 exercise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 8 exercise
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 chronic 7 endurance
7 endurance 8 exercise
8 exercise 9 with
8 exercise 12 of
8 exercise 19 has
9 with 11 bouts
10 regular 11 bouts
12 of 15 flow
13 increased 15 flow
14 laminar 15 flow
15 flow 16 along
16 along 18 endothelium
17 the 18 endothelium
19 has 21 potential
19 has 22 to
20 the 21 potential
22 to 36 and
23 increase 27 and
23 increase 29 via
23 increase 36 and
24 enos 26 expression
25 mrna 26 expression
26 expression 27 and
27 and 28 phosphorylation
29 via 30 akt
30 akt 33 kinase
31 ( 33 kinase
32 protein 33 kinase
33 kinase 34 b
33 kinase 35 )
36 and 37 to
36 and 38 reduce
37 to 38 reduce
38 reduce 40 stress
38 reduce 41 by
39 oxidative 40 stress
41 by 42 improving
42 improving 44 protection
43 antioxidative 44 protection

the growing knowledge about the complex regulation of no synthesis and degradation in cardiovascular diseases and its response to exercise has led to a new understanding of the protective effects of long - term habitual physical activity against atherosclerotic heart disease and vascular aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 3 knowledge
2 growing 3 knowledge
3 knowledge 4 about
3 knowledge 42 and
4 about 6 complex
5 the 6 complex
6 complex 7 regulation
6 complex 22 led
7 regulation 8 of
7 regulation 13 in
7 regulation 19 to
7 regulation 21 has
8 of 11 and
9 no 10 synthesis
10 synthesis 11 and
11 and 12 degradation
13 in 16 and
14 cardiovascular 15 diseases
15 diseases 16 and
16 and 18 response
17 its 18 response
19 to 20 exercise
21 has 22 led
22 led 23 to
23 to 26 understanding
24 a 26 understanding
25 new 26 understanding
26 understanding 27 of
26 understanding 31 of
26 understanding 38 against
27 of 30 effects
28 the 30 effects
29 protective 30 effects
31 of 37 activity
32 long 33 -
32 long 34 term
34 term 37 activity
35 habitual 37 activity
36 physical 37 activity
38 against 41 disease
39 atherosclerotic 40 heart
40 heart 41 disease
42 and 43 vascular
42 and 44 aging

redox [homeostasis] governs a number of critical cellular processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 redox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 governs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 redox 3 governs
3 governs 9 processes
4 a 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 9 processes
6 of 9 processes
7 critical 9 processes
8 cellular 9 processes

in turn , imbalances in pathways that control oxidative and reductive conditions have been linked to a number of human disease pathologies , particularly those associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imbalances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 turn
2 turn 3 ,
2 turn 4 imbalances
4 imbalances 5 in
4 imbalances 13 have
5 in 6 pathways
6 pathways 7 that
6 pathways 8 control
7 that 8 control
8 control 12 conditions
9 oxidative 10 and
10 and 11 reductive
10 and 12 conditions
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 linked
15 linked 16 to
16 to 18 number
17 a 18 number
18 number 19 of
19 of 22 pathologies
20 human 21 disease
21 disease 22 pathologies
23 , 25 those
23 , 26 associated
24 particularly 25 those
25 those 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 28 aging

reduced glutathione is the most prevalent biological thiol and plays a crucial role in maintaining a reduced intracellular environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 glutathione
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 reduced 2 glutathione
2 glutathione 9 and
3 is 8 thiol
3 is 9 and
4 the 5 most
5 most 8 thiol
6 prevalent 8 thiol
7 biological 8 thiol
9 and 10 plays
10 plays 13 role
10 plays 14 in
11 a 12 crucial
11 a 13 role
12 crucial 13 role
14 in 15 maintaining
15 maintaining 19 environment
16 a 19 environment
17 reduced 19 environment
18 intracellular 19 environment

exposure to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species is causatively linked to the disease pathologies associated with redox imbalance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 5 or
2 to 4 oxygen
3 reactive 4 oxygen
5 or 7 species
5 or 8 is
6 nitrogen 7 species
8 is 10 linked
9 causatively 10 linked
10 linked 11 to
10 linked 16 with
11 to 14 pathologies
12 the 14 pathologies
13 disease 14 pathologies
14 pathologies 15 associated
16 with 18 imbalance
17 redox 18 imbalance

in particular , reactive oxygen species can differentially oxidize certain cysteine residues in target proteins and the reversible process of s - glutathionylation may mitigate or mediate the damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 species
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 6 species
4 reactive 5 oxygen
5 oxygen 6 species
6 species 26 or
7 can 9 oxidize
7 can 26 or
8 differentially 9 oxidize
9 oxidize 12 residues
9 oxidize 13 in
10 certain 11 cysteine
11 cysteine 12 residues
13 in 16 and
14 target 15 proteins
15 proteins 16 and
16 and 19 process
16 and 22 -
16 and 23 glutathionylation
16 and 25 mitigate
17 the 19 process
18 reversible 19 process
19 process 20 of
20 of 21 s
23 glutathionylation 24 may
24 may 25 mitigate
26 or 27 mediate
26 or 29 damage
28 the 29 damage

this post - translational modification adds a tripeptide and a net negative charge that can lead to distinct structural and functional changes in the target protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 post
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 post
3 - 5 modification
3 - 12 negative
4 translational 5 modification
5 modification 6 adds
7 a 8 tripeptide
8 tripeptide 9 and
9 and 11 net
9 and 12 negative
10 a 11 net
12 negative 13 charge
13 charge 14 that
13 charge 16 lead
14 that 15 can
15 can 16 lead
16 lead 17 to
17 to 22 changes
18 distinct 22 changes
19 structural 20 and
20 and 21 functional
20 and 22 changes
22 changes 23 in
23 in 26 protein
24 the 26 protein
25 target 26 protein

because it is reversible , s - glutathionylation has the potential to act as a biological switch and [to] be integral in a number of critical oxidative signaling events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 because 2 it
1 because 9 has
1 because 18 and
2 it 3 is
3 is 8 glutathionylation
4 reversible 6 s
4 reversible 7 -
4 reversible 8 glutathionylation
5 , 6 s
6 s 7 -
9 has 11 potential
9 has 12 to
9 has 14 as
9 has 18 and
10 the 11 potential
12 to 13 act
14 as 17 switch
15 a 16 biological
15 a 17 switch
16 biological 17 switch
18 and 20 be
20 be 21 integral
21 integral 22 in
22 in 29 events
23 a 24 number
24 number 25 of
24 number 29 events
25 of 29 events
26 critical 29 events
27 oxidative 29 events
28 signaling 29 events

the present review provides a comprehensive account of [how] [the] s - glutathionylation cycle influences protein structure/function and cellular regulatory events , and how [these] may impact on human diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 review
2 present 3 review
3 review 4 provides
4 provides 7 account
5 a 6 comprehensive
5 a 7 account
6 comprehensive 7 account
7 account 8 of
8 of 11 s
12 - 15 influences
13 glutathionylation 14 cycle
14 cycle 15 influences
15 influences 23 and
15 influences 27 impact
16 protein 17 structure/function
17 structure/function 18 and
18 and 21 events
18 and 23 and
19 cellular 21 events
20 regulatory 21 events
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 how
23 and 26 may
26 may 27 impact
27 impact 28 on
28 on 30 diseases
29 human 30 diseases

by understanding the components of this cycle , there should be opportunities to intervene in stress - and aging - related pathologies , perhaps through prevention and diagnostic and therapeutic platforms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 by 2 understanding
1 by 8 ,
1 by 9 there
2 understanding 4 components
3 the 4 components
4 components 5 of
5 of 7 cycle
6 this 7 cycle
9 there 10 should
10 should 11 be
11 be 12 opportunities
12 opportunities 13 to
12 opportunities 14 intervene
13 to 14 intervene
14 intervene 15 in
15 in 18 and
16 stress 18 and
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 aging
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 pathologies
23 , 27 and
24 perhaps 25 through
25 through 26 prevention
26 prevention 27 and
27 and 31 platforms
28 diagnostic 29 and
29 and 30 therapeutic
29 and 31 platforms

introduction : apron controllers ( acs ) determine the taxiways for aircraft entering the apron area until they reach their parking positions and vice versa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 controllers
2 : 8 determine
2 : 26 .
3 apron 4 controllers
4 controllers 6 acs
4 controllers 8 determine
5 ( 6 acs
6 acs 7 )
8 determine 10 taxiways
8 determine 17 until
9 the 10 taxiways
10 taxiways 11 for
11 for 12 aircraft
12 aircraft 13 entering
13 entering 16 area
14 the 16 area
15 apron 16 area
17 until 18 they
17 until 19 reach
18 they 19 reach
19 reach 23 and
20 their 22 positions
21 parking 22 positions
22 positions 23 and
23 and 25 versa
24 vice 25 versa

the aims of this study were to identify age - sensitive job requirements of apron control ( study 1 ) , and to investigate the relationship between age of acs and their workload ( study 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 aims
2 aims 3 of
2 aims 22 and
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 were 7 to
6 were 8 identify
6 were 22 and
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 9 age
9 age 13 requirements
10 - 13 requirements
11 sensitive 12 job
12 job 13 requirements
13 requirements 14 of
13 requirements 18 study
13 requirements 21 ,
14 of 16 control
15 apron 16 control
17 ( 18 study
18 study 19 1
18 study 20 )
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 to
22 and 24 investigate
22 and 27 between
23 to 24 investigate
24 investigate 26 relationship
25 the 26 relationship
27 between 28 age
28 age 29 of
29 of 31 and
30 acs 31 and
31 and 33 workload
31 and 35 study
32 their 33 workload
34 ( 35 study
35 study 36 2
35 study 37 )

methods : study 1 : there were 14 experienced acs who assessed the job requirements of apron control with the fleishman - job analyses survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 study
3 study 4 1
5 : 6 there
5 : 7 were
5 : 22 -
6 there 7 were
7 were 10 acs
8 14 10 acs
9 experienced 10 acs
10 acs 11 who
10 acs 12 assessed
11 who 12 assessed
12 assessed 15 requirements
12 assessed 19 with
13 the 15 requirements
14 job 15 requirements
15 requirements 16 of
16 of 18 control
17 apron 18 control
19 with 21 fleishman
20 the 21 fleishman
22 - 25 survey
22 - 26 .
23 job 24 analyses
24 analyses 25 survey

additionally , during one shift , the number of parallel processed traffic data sets ( indicating memory - load [ )(and the number of [delivered] radio messages ( indicating processing speed requirements ) were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 additionally 21 )(and
2 , 3 during
3 during 5 shift
3 during 6 ,
3 during 21 )(and
4 one 5 shift
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 21 )(and
9 of 13 data
10 parallel 13 data
11 processed 12 traffic
12 traffic 13 data
13 data 14 sets
13 data 19 load
14 sets 17 memory
14 sets 19 load
15 ( 17 memory
16 indicating 17 memory
17 memory 18 -
21 )(and 23 number
21 )(and 24 of
21 )(and 29 indicating
21 )(and 34 were
22 the 23 number
24 of 27 messages
26 radio 27 messages
28 ( 29 indicating
29 indicating 32 requirements
29 indicating 33 )
30 processing 31 speed
31 speed 32 requirements
34 were 35 assessed

study 2 : there were 30 acs ( age : 23 - 51 yr ) [who] volunteered for trials during late shifts at an international airport . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 study 2 2
3 : 4 there
3 : 5 were
3 : 10 :
3 : 27 .
4 there 5 were
5 were 7 acs
6 30 7 acs
7 acs 9 age
8 ( 9 age
9 age 10 :
10 : 11 23
10 : 17 volunteered
11 23 14 yr
11 23 17 volunteered
12 - 14 yr
13 51 14 yr
14 yr 15 )
17 volunteered 18 for
17 volunteered 20 during
17 volunteered 23 at
18 for 19 trials
20 during 22 shifts
21 late 22 shifts
23 at 26 airport
24 an 26 airport
25 international 26 airport

acs assessed their subjective workload ( nasa - task load index ) at four times during the shift and carried out an attention test ( d2 ) before and after the shift . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 acs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 acs 19 and
2 assessed 5 workload
2 assessed 13 at
2 assessed 19 and
3 their 5 workload
4 subjective 5 workload
5 workload 7 nasa
6 ( 7 nasa
7 nasa 11 index
7 nasa 12 )
8 - 11 index
9 task 10 load
10 load 11 index
11 index 12 )
13 at 15 times
14 four 15 times
15 times 16 during
16 during 18 shift
17 the 18 shift
19 and 20 carried
20 carried 21 out
20 carried 24 test
20 carried 29 and
22 an 24 test
23 attention 24 test
24 test 26 d2
25 ( 26 d2
26 d2 27 )
28 before 29 and
29 and 30 after
30 after 32 shift
31 the 32 shift

moreover , their heart rate was assessed during the shift and in a reference period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 rate
3 their 5 rate
4 heart 5 rate
5 rate 6 was
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 11 and
8 during 10 shift
8 during 11 and
9 the 10 shift
11 and 12 in
12 in 15 period
13 a 15 period
14 reference 15 period

results : study 1 : results indicate that apron control requires especially high levels of memory - load [and] processing speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 study
3 study 4 1
5 : 6 results
5 : 7 indicate
5 : 17 -
6 results 7 indicate
7 indicate 8 that
8 that 10 control
8 that 11 requires
9 apron 10 control
10 control 11 requires
11 requires 14 levels
12 especially 13 high
13 high 14 levels
14 levels 15 of
15 of 16 memory
17 - 18 load
17 - 22 .
18 load 21 speed
20 processing 21 speed

study 2 : hierarchical regression analyses revealed a [u] [-] shaped relationship between age and subjective workload ( beta = 0.59 [ )(as well as heart rate ( [beta] = 0.33 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 study 2 2
3 : 4 hierarchical
4 hierarchical 6 analyses
4 hierarchical 7 revealed
5 regression 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 revealed
7 revealed 15 and
8 a 12 relationship
11 shaped 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 between
12 relationship 15 and
13 between 14 age
15 and 17 workload
15 and 19 beta
16 subjective 17 workload
18 ( 19 beta
19 beta 21 0.59
19 beta 27 rate
19 beta 31 0.33
19 beta 32 )
20 = 21 0.59
21 0.59 25 as
21 0.59 27 rate
23 )(as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 26 heart
28 ( 31 0.33
30 = 31 0.33
31 0.33 32 )

up to the age of about 35 - 37 yr , workload and heart rate decreased with age , but afterwards the relationship became positive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 became
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 up 23 relationship
2 to 13 and
2 to 23 relationship
3 the 4 age
4 age 5 of
4 age 11 ,
5 of 10 yr
6 about 8 -
7 35 8 -
8 - 9 37
8 - 10 yr
11 , 12 workload
11 , 13 and
13 and 15 rate
14 heart 15 rate
16 decreased 17 with
16 decreased 19 ,
16 decreased 23 relationship
17 with 18 age
20 but 21 afterwards
20 but 23 relationship
22 the 23 relationship
23 relationship 24 became
24 became 25 positive

there was no association between chronological age and attention performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 4 association
3 no 4 association
4 association 5 between
5 between 8 and
6 chronological 7 age
7 age 8 and
8 and 10 performance
9 attention 10 performance

discussion : there is a need for age adequate job design in apron control that should especially aim at the reduction of memory - load [and] processing speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 need
5 a 6 need
6 need 7 for
6 need 22 of
7 for 11 design
8 age 11 design
9 adequate 10 job
10 job 11 design
11 design 12 in
11 design 19 at
12 in 14 control
13 apron 14 control
14 control 15 that
14 control 16 should
15 that 16 should
16 should 18 aim
17 especially 18 aim
19 at 21 reduction
20 the 21 reduction
22 of 23 memory
23 memory 28 speed
24 - 28 speed
25 load 28 speed
27 processing 28 speed
28 speed 29 .

this study assessed the relationship between intake of nutrients and dental caries in preschool children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 assessed
3 assessed 5 relationship
3 assessed 6 between
3 assessed 13 in
4 the 5 relationship
6 between 7 intake
7 intake 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 nutrients 10 and
10 and 12 caries
11 dental 12 caries
13 in 15 children
14 preschool 15 children

one hundred and eighty - two children aged three to six years were recruited from nine day care centers in central taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 eighty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 eighty
4 eighty 7 children
4 eighty 13 were
4 eighty 14 recruited
5 - 6 two
6 two 7 children
7 children 8 aged
7 children 10 to
7 children 13 were
8 aged 9 three
10 to 12 years
11 six 12 years
14 recruited 15 from
14 recruited 20 in
15 from 19 centers
16 nine 17 day
17 day 19 centers
18 care 19 centers
20 in 22 taiwan
21 central 22 taiwan

these children had an oral health examination , and their parents or guardians answered a questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 children
2 children 3 had
3 had 7 examination
4 an 5 oral
4 an 7 examination
5 oral 6 health
6 health 7 examination
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 or
9 and 14 answered
10 their 11 parents
11 parents 12 or
12 or 13 guardians
12 or 14 answered
14 answered 16 questionnaire
15 a 16 questionnaire

each child 's intake of nutrients was estimated using the 24 - hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 each 2 child
2 child 3 's
3 's 4 intake
4 intake 5 of
4 intake 7 was
5 of 6 nutrients
7 was 8 estimated
8 estimated 9 using
9 using 11 24
10 the 11 24
12 - 16 and
12 - 21 .
13 hour 15 recall
14 dietary 15 recall
15 recall 16 and
16 and 20 data
17 food 20 data
18 frequency 20 data
19 questionnaire 20 data

logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between dental caries and intake of each nutrient or food group , with adjustment for potential confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 logistic 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 applied
5 applied 6 to
5 applied 22 with
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 9 associations
7 assess 10 between
8 the 9 associations
10 between 18 or
11 dental 12 caries
12 caries 13 and
13 and 14 intake
13 and 15 of
13 and 18 or
15 of 17 nutrient
16 each 17 nutrient
18 or 20 group
18 or 21 ,
19 food 20 group
22 with 23 adjustment
22 with 24 for
24 for 26 confounders
25 potential 26 confounders

the prevalence of dental caries was 73 % and increased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 9 and
3 of 5 caries
4 dental 5 caries
6 was 8 %
6 was 9 and
7 73 8 %
9 and 10 increased
9 and 11 with
11 with 12 age

not being a first - born and having [more] [between] - meal snacks were associated with increased caries risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 snacks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 not 2 being
1 not 13 snacks
2 being 4 first
3 a 4 first
4 first 7 and
5 - 7 and
6 born 7 and
7 and 8 having
7 and 11 -
12 meal 13 snacks
13 snacks 14 were
14 were 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 caries
16 with 19 risk
17 increased 18 caries

after controlling for other important factors , vitamin a intake was significantly associated with fewer dental caries [(] deft , decayed , indicated for extraction , and filled primary teeth [:] ≥ 4 [vs] [.] < 4 ) [,] with an odds ratio of 0.97 ( 95 % confidence interval [:] 0.94 - 0.99 [ )(for an 100 [-] μg increase in vitamin a intake . 
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 10 intake
3 for 6 factors
3 for 7 ,
3 for 10 intake
4 other 6 factors
5 important 6 factors
8 vitamin 9 a
8 vitamin 10 intake
10 intake 20 ,
11 was 13 associated
11 was 20 ,
12 significantly 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 19 deft
14 with 15 fewer
14 with 17 caries
16 dental 17 caries
20 , 27 and
21 decayed 23 indicated
21 decayed 27 and
22 , 23 indicated
23 indicated 24 for
23 indicated 26 ,
24 for 25 extraction
27 and 28 filled
28 filled 30 teeth
29 primary 30 teeth
30 teeth 32 ≥
32 ≥ 36 <
32 ≥ 40 with
33 4 36 <
36 < 37 4
36 < 38 )
40 with 43 ratio
41 an 43 ratio
42 odds 43 ratio
43 ratio 44 of
43 ratio 50 interval
43 ratio 54 0.99
44 of 45 0.97
46 ( 50 interval
47 95 50 interval
48 % 50 interval
49 confidence 50 interval
50 interval 52 0.94
50 interval 53 -
53 - 54 0.99
54 0.99 56 )(for
54 0.99 66 .
56 )(for 61 increase
57 an 61 increase
58 100 60 μg
60 μg 61 increase
61 increase 62 in
62 in 65 intake
63 vitamin 64 a
63 vitamin 65 intake

there was no significant association between dental caries and energy , macronutrient intake , and ca/p ratio , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 association
2 was 6 between
2 was 19 respectively
3 no 5 association
4 significant 5 association
6 between 9 and
7 dental 8 caries
8 caries 9 and
9 and 10 energy
9 and 15 and
11 , 15 and
12 macronutrient 13 intake
13 intake 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 ratio
15 and 18 ,
16 ca/p 17 ratio
18 , 19 respectively
19 respectively 20 .

vegetable intake was also significantly associated with lower dental caries [score] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 vegetable 2 intake
2 intake 3 was
3 was 4 also
3 was 6 associated
5 significantly 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 10 caries
8 lower 10 caries
9 dental 10 caries

objective : to evaluate retinol and β - carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity , resident in rio de janeiro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 12 and
4 evaluate 23 with
5 retinol 6 and
6 and 11 levels
6 and 12 and
7 β 8 -
7 β 9 carotene
9 carotene 10 serum
10 serum 11 levels
12 and 14 relationship
12 and 18 for
13 their 14 relationship
14 relationship 15 with
15 with 17 factors
16 risk 17 factors
18 for 20 disease
19 cardiovascular 20 disease
20 disease 21 in
21 in 22 individuals
23 with 25 obesity
24 morbid 25 obesity
25 obesity 27 resident
26 , 27 resident
27 resident 28 in
27 resident 32 .
28 in 31 janeiro
29 rio 30 de
30 de 31 janeiro

methodology : blood serum concentrations of retinol and β - carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 8 and
2 : 18 assessed
3 blood 5 concentrations
4 serum 5 concentrations
5 concentrations 6 of
5 concentrations 8 and
6 of 7 retinol
8 and 11 carotene
8 and 17 were
9 β 10 -
9 β 11 carotene
11 carotene 12 of
12 of 16 individuals
13 189 16 individuals
14 morbidly 15 obese
15 obese 16 individuals
17 were 18 assessed

the metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the national cholesterol education program ( ncep ) and world health organization ( who ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 syndrome
2 metabolic 3 syndrome
3 syndrome 4 was
4 was 5 identified
5 identified 7 to
6 according 7 to
7 to 19 and
8 the 9 criteria
9 criteria 10 of
9 criteria 19 and
10 of 17 ncep
11 the 17 ncep
12 national 13 cholesterol
13 cholesterol 14 education
14 education 15 program
15 program 17 ncep
16 ( 17 ncep
17 ncep 18 )
19 and 24 who
20 world 21 health
21 health 22 organization
22 organization 24 who
23 ( 24 who
24 who 25 )

lipid profile , insulin resistance , basal insulin , glycemia , blood pressure , and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β - carotene serum levels were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 lipid 2 profile
2 profile 3 ,
3 , 5 resistance
3 , 6 ,
4 insulin 5 resistance
6 , 8 insulin
6 , 9 ,
7 basal 8 insulin
9 , 10 glycemia
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 pressure
11 , 15 and
12 blood 13 pressure
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 anthropometry
15 and 17 and
17 and 19 correlation
17 and 20 with
17 and 28 were
18 their 19 correlation
20 with 22 and
21 retinol 22 and
22 and 27 levels
23 β 24 -
23 β 25 carotene
25 carotene 26 serum
26 serum 27 levels
28 were 29 evaluated

results : metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0 % of the sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 diagnosis
2 : 7 observed
2 : 14 .
3 metabolic 4 syndrome
4 syndrome 5 diagnosis
5 diagnosis 6 was
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 in
8 in 10 %
9 49.0 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 13 sample
12 the 13 sample

within this percentage the levels of β - carotene were significantly lower [when] body mass index increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 within
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 within 3 percentage
1 within 10 were
2 this 3 percentage
4 the 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 10 were
6 of 9 carotene
7 β 8 -
7 β 9 carotene
10 were 11 significantly
10 were 17 increased
12 lower 14 body
14 body 17 increased
15 mass 17 increased
16 index 17 increased

serum retinol didn't show this behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 retinol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 serum 2 retinol
2 retinol 3 didn't
3 didn't 4 show
4 show 6 behavior
5 this 6 behavior

serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic [syndrome] ( 61.3 % ) , according to who [criterion] [,] was [higher] [(] 15.8 % [ )( when the whole sample was considered ( 12.7 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inadequacy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 serum 3 inadequacy
2 retinol 3 inadequacy
3 inadequacy 4 in
3 inadequacy 6 with
3 inadequacy 19 was
4 in 5 patients
6 with 14 according
7 metabolic 11 %
7 metabolic 13 ,
7 metabolic 14 according
9 ( 11 %
10 61.3 11 %
11 % 12 )
14 according 15 to
15 to 16 who
19 was 23 %
22 15.8 23 %
23 % 26 when
23 % 34 %
26 when 29 sample
26 when 31 considered
27 the 29 sample
28 whole 29 sample
29 sample 30 was
30 was 31 considered
32 ( 34 %
33 12.7 34 %
34 % 35 )

[when] metabolic syndrome [was] diagnosed [by] ncep criterion , β [-] carotene inadequacy was higher ( 42.8 % ) when compared to the total sample ( 37.5 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 criterion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 metabolic 3 syndrome
3 syndrome 5 diagnosed
5 diagnosed 8 criterion
7 ncep 8 criterion
9 , 10 β
10 β 12 carotene
10 β 20 when
12 carotene 13 inadequacy
12 carotene 14 was
12 carotene 18 %
13 inadequacy 14 was
14 was 15 higher
16 ( 18 %
17 42.8 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 when 21 compared
21 compared 22 to
22 to 25 sample
23 the 25 sample
24 total 25 sample
25 sample 28 %
26 ( 28 %
27 37.5 28 %
28 % 29 )

there was a significant difference between average β - carotene values of patients [with] and [without] metabolic syndrome ( p=0.048 ) according to the classification of the ncep . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
2 was 6 between
2 was 23 to
3 a 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
6 between 8 β
7 average 8 β
8 β 11 values
9 - 11 values
10 carotene 11 values
11 values 12 of
11 values 20 p=0.048
11 values 21 )
12 of 15 and
13 patients 15 and
15 and 18 syndrome
17 metabolic 18 syndrome
19 ( 20 p=0.048
20 p=0.048 21 )
22 according 23 to
23 to 25 classification
24 the 25 classification
25 classification 26 of
26 of 28 ncep
27 the 28 ncep

lower values were [found] in patients [with] metabolic [syndrome] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 lower 2 values
2 values 3 were
3 were 5 in
3 were 8 metabolic
5 in 6 patients

conclusion : considering the vitamin a contribution in antioxidant protection , especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present , it is suggested that great attention be [given] [to] morbidly obese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 22 it
2 : 24 suggested
2 : 33 .
3 considering 7 contribution
3 considering 10 protection
3 considering 13 when
3 considering 21 ,
3 considering 22 it
4 the 7 contribution
5 vitamin 6 a
5 vitamin 7 contribution
7 contribution 8 in
8 in 9 antioxidant
11 , 12 especially
11 , 13 when
13 when 15 factors
13 when 19 are
13 when 21 ,
14 risk 15 factors
15 factors 16 for
15 factors 19 are
16 for 18 disease
17 cardiovascular 18 disease
19 are 20 present
22 it 23 is
23 is 24 suggested
24 suggested 25 that
25 that 27 attention
25 that 28 be
26 great 27 attention
28 be 32 obese
31 morbidly 32 obese

this [could] aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease , which affects a significant part of the population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 3 aid
3 aid 4 in
3 aid 6 and
4 in 5 prevention
6 and 7 treatment
6 and 8 of
8 of 10 disease
9 cardiovascular 10 disease
11 , 12 which
11 , 13 affects
12 which 13 affects
13 affects 19 population
14 a 15 significant
14 a 16 part
15 significant 16 part
16 part 17 of
16 part 19 population
17 of 19 population
18 the 19 population

cognitive [decline] associated with ageing and age - related disorders emerges as one of the greatest health challenges in the next decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cognitive 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 ageing
6 and 7 age
6 and 11 emerges
7 age 11 emerges
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 disorders
9 related 11 emerges
11 emerges 12 as
11 emerges 19 in
12 as 13 one
13 one 14 of
14 of 18 challenges
15 the 16 greatest
15 the 18 challenges
17 health 18 challenges
19 in 22 decades
20 the 21 next
20 the 22 decades

to date , the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of neuronal physiological changes in the central nervous system remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 6 mechanisms
3 , 19 remain
4 the 6 mechanisms
5 molecular 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 underlying
6 mechanisms 19 remain
7 underlying 9 onset
7 underlying 14 in
8 the 9 onset
9 onset 10 of
10 of 13 changes
11 neuronal 13 changes
12 physiological 13 changes
14 in 18 system
15 the 18 system
16 central 18 system
17 nervous 18 system
19 remain 20 unclear

functional mri and pet studies have indicated the decline in working memory performance in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 functional 2 mri
2 mri 3 and
3 and 4 pet
4 pet 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 indicated
7 indicated 9 decline
7 indicated 10 in
8 the 9 decline
10 in 11 working
11 working 13 performance
11 working 14 in
12 memory 13 performance
14 in 16 adults
15 older 16 adults

similarly , age - related disorders , such as alzheimer 's disease , are associated with changes in the prefontral cortex and related neural circuitry , which underlines the decline of integrative function [between] different brain regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 3 age
4 - 6 disorders
4 - 15 associated
4 - 26 ,
4 - 38 .
5 related 6 disorders
6 disorders 9 as
6 disorders 14 are
7 , 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 12 disease
9 as 13 ,
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 12 disease
14 are 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 25 circuitry
16 with 22 and
16 with 24 neural
17 changes 18 in
17 changes 22 and
18 in 21 cortex
19 the 21 cortex
20 prefontral 21 cortex
22 and 23 related
26 , 27 which
26 , 28 underlines
27 which 28 underlines
28 underlines 30 decline
29 the 30 decline
30 decline 31 of
31 of 37 regions
32 integrative 33 function
33 function 37 regions
35 different 36 brain
36 brain 37 regions

this is mainly attributed to the loss of synaptic connectivity , which is a feature commonly observed in neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 4 attributed
3 mainly 4 attributed
4 attributed 5 to
5 to 7 loss
6 the 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
8 of 10 connectivity
9 synaptic 10 connectivity
11 , 12 which
11 , 13 is
12 which 13 is
13 is 15 feature
14 a 15 feature
15 feature 17 observed
16 commonly 17 observed
17 observed 18 in
18 in 20 disorders
19 neurodegenerative 20 disorders

in humans , the morphological and functional changes in neurons , such as reduction of spine numbers and synaptic dysfunction , precede the first signs [of] cognitive decline and likely contribute to pathology progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 humans
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 changes
4 the 8 changes
5 morphological 6 and
6 and 7 functional
6 and 8 changes
8 changes 9 in
8 changes 29 and
9 in 10 neurons
10 neurons 13 as
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 18 and
13 as 21 ,
14 reduction 15 of
14 reduction 18 and
15 of 17 numbers
16 spine 17 numbers
18 and 20 dysfunction
18 and 21 ,
19 synaptic 20 dysfunction
22 precede 28 decline
22 precede 29 and
23 the 24 first
23 the 28 decline
25 signs 28 decline
27 cognitive 28 decline
29 and 31 contribute
29 and 32 to
29 and 34 progression
30 likely 31 contribute
32 to 33 pathology

thus , a new scenario emerges in [which] apparently unrelated diseases present common features , such as the remodelling of neuronal circuitries promoted by ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 scenario
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 emerges
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 scenario
3 a 4 new
3 a 5 scenario
4 new 5 scenario
5 scenario 6 emerges
6 emerges 7 in
7 in 14 features
9 apparently 10 unrelated
10 unrelated 11 diseases
11 diseases 12 present
12 present 14 features
13 common 14 features
14 features 17 as
15 , 17 as
16 such 17 as
17 as 19 remodelling
17 as 26 .
18 the 19 remodelling
19 remodelling 20 of
20 of 22 circuitries
21 neuronal 22 circuitries
22 circuitries 23 promoted
23 promoted 24 by
24 by 25 ageing

for many years , ageing was considered a process of slow deterioration triggered by accidental environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 3 years
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 ageing
2 many 3 years
5 ageing 6 was
6 was 7 considered
7 considered 9 process
8 a 9 process
9 process 10 of
10 of 12 deterioration
11 slow 12 deterioration
12 deterioration 13 triggered
13 triggered 14 by
14 by 17 factors
15 accidental 17 factors
16 environmental 17 factors

conversely , it is now evident that ageing is a biological process tightly controlled by evolutionary highly conserved signalling pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 now
4 is 6 evident
6 evident 7 that
7 that 8 ageing
7 that 9 is
8 ageing 9 is
9 is 12 process
10 a 11 biological
10 a 12 process
11 biological 12 process
12 process 14 controlled
13 tightly 14 controlled
14 controlled 15 by
15 by 20 pathways
16 evolutionary 20 pathways
17 highly 18 conserved
18 conserved 20 pathways
19 signalling 20 pathways

importantly , genetic mutations that enhance longevity significantly delay the loss of synaptic connectivity and , therefore , the onset of age - related brain disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 delay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 related
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 mutations
3 genetic 4 mutations
4 mutations 5 that
4 mutations 6 enhance
4 mutations 9 delay
5 that 6 enhance
6 enhance 7 longevity
8 significantly 9 delay
9 delay 15 and
10 the 11 loss
11 loss 12 of
11 loss 15 and
12 of 14 connectivity
13 synaptic 14 connectivity
15 and 17 therefore
15 and 20 onset
16 , 17 therefore
17 therefore 18 ,
19 the 20 onset
20 onset 21 of
21 of 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 26 disorders
24 related 27 .
25 brain 26 disorders

accordingly , tweaking ageing might be an attractive approach to prevent cognitive decline caused [by] age - related synaptic dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tweaking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 3 tweaking
3 tweaking 4 ageing
3 tweaking 5 might
5 might 6 be
6 be 9 approach
6 be 10 to
7 an 8 attractive
7 an 9 approach
8 attractive 9 approach
10 to 11 prevent
11 prevent 16 age
12 cognitive 13 decline
13 decline 14 caused
14 caused 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 20 dysfunction
19 synaptic 20 dysfunction

in this brief report , aging in biogerontology science perspective has been discussed based on the turkish literature review with major key recommendations for future studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 4 report
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 aging
2 this 4 report
3 brief 4 report
6 aging 7 in
6 aging 14 based
7 in 9 science
8 biogerontology 9 science
9 science 10 perspective
9 science 12 been
9 science 13 discussed
10 perspective 11 has
11 has 12 been
14 based 15 on
14 based 19 review
14 based 20 with
15 on 18 literature
16 the 18 literature
17 turkish 18 literature
20 with 23 recommendations
21 major 22 key
22 key 23 recommendations
23 recommendations 24 for
24 for 26 studies
25 future 26 studies

biogerontology in turkey has focused on general retardation of the aging process giving priority to caloric restriction and oxidative stress mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biogerontology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 biogerontology 2 in
1 biogerontology 4 has
2 in 3 turkey
4 has 5 focused
5 focused 6 on
5 focused 15 to
6 on 8 retardation
7 general 8 retardation
8 retardation 9 of
8 retardation 13 giving
9 of 12 process
10 the 12 process
11 aging 12 process
13 giving 14 priority
15 to 18 and
16 caloric 17 restriction
17 restriction 18 and
18 and 21 mechanisms
19 oxidative 20 stress
20 stress 21 mechanisms

the most popular investigation area for the scientists has been the oxidant and anti - oxidant systems in different tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 5 area
2 most 3 popular
3 popular 4 investigation
4 investigation 5 area
5 area 6 for
5 area 9 has
6 for 8 scientists
7 the 8 scientists
9 has 10 been
10 been 13 and
10 been 18 in
11 the 12 oxidant
12 oxidant 13 and
13 and 17 systems
14 anti 15 -
14 anti 17 systems
16 oxidant 17 systems
18 in 20 tissues
19 different 20 tissues

however , the turkish biogerontology science needs more manpower , economical and infrastructural and other resources for the promising studies in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 science
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 science
3 the 6 science
4 turkish 5 biogerontology
5 biogerontology 6 science
6 science 7 needs
7 needs 14 and
8 more 9 manpower
9 manpower 10 ,
10 , 11 economical
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 infrastructural
12 and 14 and
14 and 16 resources
14 and 17 for
14 and 21 in
15 other 16 resources
17 for 20 studies
18 the 20 studies
19 promising 20 studies
21 in 23 future
22 the 23 future

traditional tests used in the clinic to identify dementia , such as the mini - mental state examination ( mmse ) , are useful to identify severe cognitive impairments but might be less sensitive to detect more subtle age - related cognitive changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 traditional 2 tests
2 tests 3 used
2 tests 23 are
3 used 4 in
3 used 7 to
4 in 6 clinic
5 the 6 clinic
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 9 dementia
8 identify 12 as
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 18 examination
12 as 22 ,
13 the 18 examination
14 mini 15 -
14 mini 17 state
16 mental 17 state
17 state 18 examination
18 examination 20 mmse
19 ( 20 mmse
20 mmse 21 )
23 are 24 useful
24 useful 25 to
24 useful 36 detect
25 to 30 but
26 identify 29 impairments
26 identify 30 but
27 severe 29 impairments
28 cognitive 29 impairments
30 but 31 might
31 might 32 be
32 be 33 less
32 be 34 sensitive
34 sensitive 35 to
35 to 36 detect
36 detect 39 age
37 more 38 subtle
38 subtle 39 age
40 - 41 related
41 related 43 changes
42 cognitive 43 changes

previously , the novel [image] - novel location [(] ninl ) object recognition test was shown to be sensitive to detect effects of apolipoprotein e4 , a risk factor for developing age - related cognitive decline and alzheimer 's disease , [in] nondemented [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 previously 2 ,
1 previously 14 test
3 the 14 test
4 novel 10 ninl
4 novel 12 object
6 - 10 ninl
7 novel 10 ninl
8 location 10 ninl
10 ninl 11 )
12 object 14 test
13 recognition 14 test
14 test 15 was
15 was 16 shown
16 shown 17 to
17 to 18 be
18 be 19 sensitive
19 sensitive 20 to
20 to 21 detect
21 detect 22 effects
22 effects 23 of
22 effects 29 factor
23 of 25 e4
24 apolipoprotein 25 e4
26 , 29 factor
27 a 29 factor
28 risk 29 factor
29 factor 30 for
29 factor 33 -
30 for 31 developing
31 developing 32 age
33 - 36 decline
33 - 37 and
34 related 36 decline
35 cognitive 36 decline
37 and 38 alzheimer
37 and 41 ,
38 alzheimer 41 ,
39 's 40 disease
39 's 41 ,
41 , 43 nondemented

in the present longitudinal study , performance on the mmse and the ninl tests were compared over a 4 [-] year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 11 and
1 in 14 tests
2 the 5 study
3 present 5 study
4 longitudinal 5 study
5 study 6 ,
6 , 7 performance
6 , 11 and
7 performance 8 on
8 on 10 mmse
9 the 10 mmse
11 and 13 ninl
12 the 13 ninl
14 tests 15 were
15 were 16 compared
16 compared 17 over
17 over 22 period
18 a 22 period
19 4 21 year
21 year 22 period

individual ninl scores over this period were highly correlated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 individual 2 ninl
2 ninl 3 scores
3 scores 4 over
3 scores 7 were
4 over 6 period
5 this 6 period
7 were 8 highly
7 were 9 correlated

in addition , while mmse scores did not change over the 4 - year period , ninl scores did . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 scores
4 while 5 mmse
4 while 6 scores
6 scores 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 change
9 change 10 over
10 over 12 4
11 the 12 4
12 4 15 period
13 - 15 period
14 year 15 period
15 period 16 ,
16 , 18 scores
16 , 19 did
17 ninl 18 scores
18 scores 19 did

in a final testing session of a subset of the participants , ninl scores correlated with logical memory and word recall lists , cognitive tasks used to detect dementia in the clinic , as well as clinical dementia rating scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 recall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 5 session
1 in 21 recall
2 a 3 final
2 a 5 session
3 final 4 testing
4 testing 5 session
5 session 6 of
6 of 8 subset
7 a 8 subset
8 subset 9 of
9 of 19 and
10 the 11 participants
11 participants 12 ,
12 , 14 scores
12 , 19 and
13 ninl 14 scores
14 scores 15 correlated
14 scores 16 with
16 with 18 memory
17 logical 18 memory
19 and 20 word
21 recall 22 lists
21 recall 36 as
22 lists 25 tasks
23 , 25 tasks
24 cognitive 25 tasks
25 tasks 26 used
25 tasks 30 in
25 tasks 33 ,
26 used 27 to
26 used 28 detect
27 to 28 detect
28 detect 29 dementia
30 in 32 clinic
31 the 32 clinic
34 as 35 well
35 well 36 as
36 as 40 scales
37 clinical 38 dementia
38 dementia 39 rating
39 rating 40 scales

these results [support] that the ninl might be a valuable tool to assess age - related cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 4 that
2 results 13 assess
2 results 14 age
4 that 6 ninl
4 that 8 be
5 the 6 ninl
6 ninl 7 might
7 might 8 be
8 be 11 tool
8 be 12 to
9 a 10 valuable
9 a 11 tool
10 valuable 11 tool
12 to 13 assess
15 - 18 decline
15 - 19 .
16 related 18 decline
17 cognitive 18 decline

the objective of this study is to evaluate the mental healthiness aging initiative , designed to promote community awareness and knowledge about mental health and aging issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 14 ,
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 evaluate
6 is 14 ,
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 13 initiative
9 the 13 initiative
10 mental 11 healthiness
11 healthiness 12 aging
12 aging 13 initiative
14 , 15 designed
14 , 16 to
14 , 22 about
16 to 17 promote
17 promote 20 and
18 community 19 awareness
19 awareness 20 and
20 and 21 knowledge
22 about 25 and
23 mental 24 health
24 health 25 and
25 and 27 issues
26 aging 27 issues

this study occurred during 2007 - 2009 in 67 of 120 counties in kentucky . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 occurred
3 occurred 4 during
3 occurred 13 in
4 during 6 -
5 2007 6 -
6 - 7 2009
6 - 10 of
7 2009 8 in
8 in 9 67
10 of 12 counties
11 120 12 counties
13 in 14 kentucky

a rural region ( 11 counties ) received the intervention , consisting of focus groups , extension agent training , and television [-] based social marketing campaign . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 region
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 rural
1 a 3 region
2 rural 3 region
3 region 6 counties
3 region 8 received
4 ( 6 counties
5 11 6 counties
6 counties 7 )
8 received 10 intervention
9 the 10 intervention
10 intervention 12 consisting
11 , 12 consisting
12 consisting 13 of
12 consisting 16 ,
13 of 15 groups
14 focus 15 groups
16 , 21 and
16 , 27 campaign
17 extension 18 agent
18 agent 19 training
19 training 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 26 marketing
21 and 27 campaign
22 television 24 based
24 based 26 marketing
25 social 26 marketing

partial - intervention counties ( 29 counties ) received only the television [-] based social marketing campaign . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 counties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 partial 2 -
1 partial 3 intervention
3 intervention 4 counties
4 counties 7 counties
4 counties 9 received
5 ( 7 counties
6 29 7 counties
7 counties 8 )
9 received 10 only
9 received 17 campaign
11 the 17 campaign
12 television 14 based
14 based 15 social
15 social 17 campaign
16 marketing 17 campaign

the control counties ( 27 counties ) received no intervention activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 counties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 counties
2 control 3 counties
3 counties 6 counties
3 counties 8 received
4 ( 6 counties
5 27 6 counties
6 counties 7 )
8 received 11 activities
9 no 11 activities
10 intervention 11 activities

results indicated that the intervention counties agreed more with being able to assist elder adults with a potential mental illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 agreed
1 results 2 indicated
2 indicated 3 that
3 that 6 counties
3 that 7 agreed
4 the 6 counties
5 intervention 6 counties
6 counties 7 agreed
7 agreed 8 more
7 agreed 9 with
7 agreed 21 .
9 with 10 being
10 being 11 able
11 able 12 to
11 able 13 assist
12 to 13 assist
13 assist 15 adults
13 assist 16 with
14 elder 15 adults
16 with 18 potential
16 with 20 illness
17 a 18 potential
19 mental 20 illness

also , the intervention counties understood the risk of consuming alcohol and medications better , but had [a] poorer recognition of drinking problems in elder adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 counties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 5 counties
3 the 5 counties
4 intervention 5 counties
5 counties 16 but
6 understood 8 risk
6 understood 14 better
6 understood 16 but
7 the 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 10 consuming
10 consuming 12 and
11 alcohol 12 and
12 and 13 medications
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 had
17 had 20 recognition
19 poorer 20 recognition
20 recognition 21 of
21 of 22 drinking
22 drinking 23 problems
22 drinking 24 in
24 in 26 adults
25 elder 26 adults

these findings need to be considered within study limitations , such as measurement error , degree [of] intervention exposure , and regional differences across intervention groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 need
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 need
3 need 4 to
3 need 6 considered
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 7 within
7 within 9 limitations
8 study 9 limitations
9 limitations 12 as
9 limitations 21 and
10 , 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 14 error
12 as 15 ,
13 measurement 14 error
15 , 21 and
16 degree 19 exposure
18 intervention 19 exposure
19 exposure 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 differences
21 and 24 across
21 and 27 .
22 regional 23 differences
24 across 26 groups
25 intervention 26 groups

the study demonstrates that community interventions on mental health awareness and knowledge are feasible within majority rural regions , with extension agents being gatekeepers , for promoting positive messages about mental health and aging issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrates
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 demonstrates
3 demonstrates 4 that
4 that 6 interventions
4 that 13 are
5 community 6 interventions
6 interventions 7 on
6 interventions 13 are
7 on 11 and
8 mental 9 health
9 health 10 awareness
10 awareness 11 and
11 and 12 knowledge
13 are 14 feasible
14 feasible 15 within
14 feasible 20 with
14 feasible 26 for
15 within 18 regions
16 majority 18 regions
17 rural 18 regions
19 , 20 with
20 with 22 agents
20 with 25 ,
21 extension 22 agents
22 agents 23 being
23 being 24 gatekeepers
25 , 26 for
26 for 27 promoting
26 for 36 .
27 promoting 29 messages
27 promoting 30 about
28 positive 29 messages
30 about 33 and
31 mental 32 health
32 health 33 and
33 and 35 issues
34 aging 35 issues

this paper focuses on assistance that externally - resident daughters provide for their aging parents in rural tibet , china , to challenge the notion that rapid modernization invariably threatens family - based care systems for the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 7 externally
4 on 5 assistance
6 that 7 externally
8 - 10 daughters
8 - 11 provide
9 resident 10 daughters
10 daughters 11 provide
11 provide 12 for
12 for 15 parents
13 their 15 parents
14 aging 15 parents
15 parents 16 in
15 parents 20 china
15 parents 22 to
15 parents 33 based
16 in 18 tibet
17 rural 18 tibet
19 , 20 china
20 china 21 ,
21 , 22 to
22 to 23 challenge
22 to 32 -
23 challenge 25 notion
24 the 25 notion
25 notion 26 that
25 notion 30 threatens
26 that 28 modernization
26 that 30 threatens
27 rapid 28 modernization
28 modernization 30 threatens
29 invariably 30 threatens
30 threatens 31 family
33 based 35 systems
34 care 35 systems
35 systems 36 for
36 for 38 elderly
37 the 38 elderly

the authors discuss social and economic changes associated with modernization that have created new opportunities for parents to send daughters out of their natal households in ways that can benefit them in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 discuss
3 discuss 5 and
3 discuss 7 changes
3 discuss 22 of
4 social 5 and
5 and 6 economic
7 changes 8 associated
7 changes 9 with
7 changes 11 that
7 changes 12 have
9 with 10 modernization
11 that 12 have
12 have 13 created
13 created 15 opportunities
13 created 16 for
13 created 18 to
14 new 15 opportunities
16 for 17 parents
18 to 19 send
19 send 20 daughters
21 out 22 of
22 of 25 households
23 their 25 households
24 natal 25 households
25 households 26 in
25 households 28 that
25 households 29 can
26 in 27 ways
28 that 29 can
29 can 30 benefit
30 benefit 31 them
30 benefit 32 in
32 in 34 age
33 old 34 age

daughters with income and freedom from extended family obligations are now providing elderly parents [with] ( 1 ) leverage against co - resident children who do not treat [them] well , [(] 2 ) temporary places of refuge from ill - treatment at home , ( 3 ) caretaking services and financial support when they require hospitalization , and [(] 4 [ )(financial resources independent of their household which they can use to pursue age - appropriate activities like pilgrimage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
1 daughters 2 with
1 daughters 4 and
2 with 3 income
4 and 5 freedom
4 and 10 are
5 freedom 6 from
6 from 9 obligations
7 extended 9 obligations
8 family 9 obligations
10 are 11 now
10 are 12 providing
12 providing 14 parents
12 providing 19 leverage
13 elderly 14 parents
14 parents 17 1
14 parents 19 leverage
16 ( 17 1
17 1 18 )
19 leverage 20 against
19 leverage 24 children
20 against 23 resident
21 co 22 -
21 co 23 resident
24 children 25 who
24 children 26 do
25 who 26 do
26 do 27 not
26 do 28 treat
28 treat 30 well
28 treat 36 places
30 well 33 2
31 , 33 2
33 2 34 )
35 temporary 36 places
36 places 37 of
37 of 38 refuge
38 refuge 39 from
38 refuge 49 caretaking
39 from 40 ill
40 ill 42 treatment
40 ill 47 3
41 - 42 treatment
42 treatment 43 at
42 treatment 45 ,
43 at 44 home
46 ( 47 3
47 3 48 )
49 caretaking 51 and
49 caretaking 54 when
50 services 51 and
51 and 53 support
52 financial 53 support
54 when 55 they
54 when 56 require
55 they 56 require
56 require 59 and
57 hospitalization 59 and
58 , 59 and
59 and 65 independent
61 4 65 independent
63 )(financial 64 resources
64 resources 65 independent
65 independent 66 of
66 of 68 household
67 their 68 household
68 household 69 which
68 household 72 use
69 which 70 they
69 which 72 use
70 they 71 can
71 can 72 use
72 use 73 to
72 use 74 pursue
73 to 74 pursue
74 pursue 75 age
75 age 78 activities
76 - 78 activities
77 appropriate 78 activities
78 activities 79 like
78 activities 81 .
79 like 80 pilgrimage

the authors conclude that this new form of social capital vested in externally [-] resident daughters is having a positive impact on the lives of the elderly in rural tibet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 conclude
3 conclude 4 that
4 that 7 form
4 that 17 is
5 this 7 form
6 new 7 form
7 form 8 of
7 form 17 is
8 of 10 capital
9 social 10 capital
10 capital 11 vested
11 vested 12 in
12 in 16 daughters
13 externally 15 resident
15 resident 16 daughters
17 is 18 having
18 having 21 impact
18 having 22 on
18 having 28 in
19 a 21 impact
20 positive 21 impact
22 on 24 lives
23 the 24 lives
24 lives 25 of
25 of 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly
28 in 30 tibet
29 rural 30 tibet

a quarter of the human population [with] european background carries at least one allele of the oprd1 gene that encodes the delta opioid receptor with cysteine at the amino acid position 27 ( hδor ( cys27 ) ) instead of the evolutionary conserved phenylalanine ( hδor ( phe27 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 quarter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 carries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 a 2 quarter
2 quarter 3 of
2 quarter 10 carries
3 of 9 background
4 the 9 background
5 human 6 population
6 population 9 background
8 european 9 background
10 carries 14 allele
11 at 12 least
12 least 13 one
13 one 14 allele
14 allele 15 of
15 of 18 gene
16 the 18 gene
17 oprd1 18 gene
18 gene 19 that
18 gene 20 encodes
19 that 20 encodes
20 encodes 24 receptor
20 encodes 25 with
20 encodes 40 of
21 the 24 receptor
22 delta 24 receptor
23 opioid 24 receptor
25 with 26 cysteine
25 with 32 27
26 cysteine 27 at
27 at 31 position
28 the 31 position
29 amino 31 position
30 acid 31 position
32 27 34 hδor
33 ( 34 hδor
34 hδor 36 cys27
34 hδor 38 )
35 ( 36 cys27
36 cys27 37 )
39 instead 40 of
40 of 44 phenylalanine
41 the 44 phenylalanine
42 evolutionary 44 phenylalanine
43 conserved 44 phenylalanine
44 phenylalanine 46 hδor
45 ( 46 hδor
46 hδor 48 phe27
46 hδor 50 )
47 ( 48 phe27
48 phe27 49 )

the two variants have indistinguishable pharmacological properties but , importantly , hδor ( cys27 ) differs from hδor ( phe27 ) in having low maturation efficiency , lower stability at the cell surface and pronounced intracellular location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 variants
3 variants 4 have
4 have 7 properties
5 indistinguishable 7 properties
6 pharmacological 7 properties
8 but 9 ,
8 but 12 hδor
8 but 16 differs
9 , 10 importantly
10 importantly 11 ,
10 importantly 12 hδor
12 hδor 14 cys27
12 hδor 16 differs
13 ( 14 cys27
14 cys27 15 )
16 differs 17 from
16 differs 22 in
17 from 18 hδor
18 hδor 20 phe27
19 ( 20 phe27
20 phe27 21 )
22 in 23 having
23 having 34 and
24 low 25 maturation
25 maturation 26 efficiency
26 efficiency 27 ,
27 , 29 stability
27 , 34 and
28 lower 29 stability
29 stability 30 at
30 at 33 surface
31 the 33 surface
32 cell 33 surface
34 and 37 location
35 pronounced 37 location
36 intracellular 37 location

both variants were previously shown to interact with the sarco ( endo )plasmic reticulum ca²+ atpase ( serca ) 2b in the early phase of their biosynthesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
1 both 2 variants
2 variants 3 were
3 were 5 shown
4 previously 5 shown
5 shown 6 to
5 shown 8 with
6 to 7 interact
8 with 10 sarco
9 the 10 sarco
10 sarco 20 2b
11 ( 20 2b
12 endo 13 )plasmic
13 )plasmic 20 2b
14 reticulum 15 ca²+
15 ca²+ 20 2b
16 atpase 18 serca
17 ( 18 serca
18 serca 19 )
18 serca 20 2b
20 2b 21 in
20 2b 28 .
21 in 24 phase
22 the 24 phase
23 early 24 phase
24 phase 25 of
25 of 27 biosynthesis
26 their 27 biosynthesis

we analyzed by pulse [-] chase assays , whether cellular signaling can affect hδor ( cys27 ) maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 3 by
2 analyzed 9 whether
2 analyzed 18 maturation
3 by 7 assays
4 pulse 7 assays
6 chase 7 assays
8 , 9 whether
9 whether 11 signaling
9 whether 13 affect
9 whether 17 )
10 cellular 11 signaling
11 signaling 12 can
12 can 13 affect
13 affect 14 hδor
14 hδor 16 cys27
15 ( 16 cys27
16 cys27 17 )

neither [activation] of the receptor by a δor - specific agonist [leu] - enkephalin , induction of intracellular calcium ( ca²+ ) release by atp [nor] the direct stimulation of serca 2b by protein kinase c activation affected receptor maturation in hek - 293 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neither
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 release
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 neither 3 of
1 neither 23 release
3 of 5 receptor
4 the 5 receptor
5 receptor 6 by
6 by 11 agonist
7 a 11 agonist
8 δor 9 -
8 δor 11 agonist
10 specific 11 agonist
11 agonist 14 enkephalin
11 agonist 16 induction
13 - 14 enkephalin
14 enkephalin 15 ,
15 , 16 induction
16 induction 17 of
16 induction 22 )
17 of 19 calcium
18 intracellular 19 calcium
19 calcium 21 ca²+
20 ( 21 ca²+
21 ca²+ 22 )
23 release 24 by
23 release 41 in
23 release 45 cells
24 by 25 atp
25 atp 29 stimulation
25 atp 38 affected
27 the 29 stimulation
28 direct 29 stimulation
29 stimulation 30 of
29 stimulation 38 affected
30 of 31 serca
31 serca 32 2b
32 2b 33 by
33 by 37 activation
34 protein 35 kinase
35 kinase 36 c
35 kinase 37 activation
38 affected 40 maturation
39 receptor 40 maturation
41 in 42 hek
43 - 44 293
44 293 45 cells

no signaling - mediated regulation of receptor maturation could therefore be demonstrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 no 5 regulation
2 signaling 3 -
2 signaling 5 regulation
4 mediated 5 regulation
5 regulation 6 of
5 regulation 9 could
6 of 8 maturation
7 receptor 8 maturation
9 could 11 be
10 therefore 11 be
11 be 12 demonstrated

instead , we found by using single cell ca²+ measurements that over [-] expression of hδor ( cys27 ) , but not hδor ( phe27 ) , compromised atp - induced intracellular ca²+ - signaling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
1 instead 2 ,
1 instead 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 by
4 found 11 that
4 found 28 compromised
5 by 6 using
6 using 10 measurements
7 single 10 measurements
8 cell 10 measurements
9 ca²+ 10 measurements
11 that 12 over
11 that 28 compromised
12 over 14 expression
14 expression 15 of
14 expression 21 but
15 of 16 hδor
16 hδor 18 cys27
17 ( 18 cys27
18 cys27 19 )
20 , 21 but
21 but 22 not
21 but 23 hδor
21 but 27 ,
23 hδor 25 phe27
24 ( 25 phe27
25 phe27 26 )
28 compromised 29 atp
29 atp 33 ca²+
29 atp 35 signaling
30 - 33 ca²+
31 induced 33 ca²+
32 intracellular 33 ca²+
33 ca²+ 34 -
34 - 35 signaling
35 signaling 36 .

furthermore , hδor ( cys27 ) precursors showed slower dissociation from serca2b and hδor ( cys27 ) expression caused down - regulation of the homocysteine - inducible endoplasmic reticulum - resident ubiquitin domain - like member 1 protein ( herp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 precursors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 precursors
3 hδor 5 cys27
3 hδor 6 )
3 hδor 7 precursors
4 ( 5 cys27
5 cys27 6 )
7 precursors 8 showed
8 showed 10 dissociation
8 showed 11 from
8 showed 35 like
8 showed 38 protein
9 slower 10 dissociation
11 from 13 and
12 serca2b 13 and
13 and 33 domain
13 and 34 -
14 hδor 16 cys27
14 hδor 18 expression
15 ( 16 cys27
16 cys27 17 )
18 expression 19 caused
19 caused 31 resident
20 down 22 regulation
20 down 31 resident
21 - 22 regulation
22 regulation 23 of
22 regulation 26 -
23 of 25 homocysteine
24 the 25 homocysteine
27 inducible 31 resident
28 endoplasmic 31 resident
29 reticulum 30 -
29 reticulum 31 resident
31 resident 33 domain
32 ubiquitin 33 domain
35 like 36 member
36 member 37 1
38 protein 40 herp
39 ( 40 herp
40 herp 41 )

we suggest that aging individuals with at least one hδor ( cys27 ) encoding allele might have lowered [threshold] for ca²+ dysregulation in neurons expressing hδor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 suggest
2 suggest 5 individuals
2 suggest 6 with
2 suggest 20 for
3 that 4 aging
4 aging 5 individuals
6 with 14 encoding
6 with 18 lowered
7 at 8 least
8 least 9 one
9 one 14 encoding
10 hδor 12 cys27
10 hδor 13 )
10 hδor 14 encoding
11 ( 12 cys27
12 cys27 13 )
14 encoding 15 allele
14 encoding 17 have
15 allele 16 might
16 might 17 have
20 for 22 dysregulation
21 ca²+ 22 dysregulation
22 dysregulation 23 in
22 dysregulation 25 expressing
23 in 24 neurons
25 expressing 26 hδor

introduction : the objective of this article was to estimate the age at death in forensic or anthropologic applications based on human skull investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 4 objective
2 : 20 based
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 was
5 of 7 article
6 this 7 article
8 was 9 to
8 was 20 based
9 to 10 estimate
10 estimate 12 age
10 estimate 13 at
10 estimate 15 in
11 the 12 age
13 at 14 death
15 in 19 applications
16 forensic 17 or
17 or 18 anthropologic
17 or 19 applications
20 based 21 on
21 on 24 investigation
22 human 24 investigation
23 skull 24 investigation

sex - dependent differences were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 sex 2 -
1 sex 4 differences
3 dependent 4 differences
4 differences 5 were
5 were 6 analyzed

methods : digital , high - resolution , flat - panel - based volumetric computed tomography ( explore locus ultra scanner ) images ( 165,920 [ )(of 244 european human skulls - 163 males , 81 females - were analyzed according to their radiological bone density , based on hounsfield units [(] h [ )(that are directly related to the x - ray attenuation of the scanned material . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 digital
4 , 5 high
4 , 13 based
5 high 7 resolution
5 high 13 based
6 - 7 resolution
7 resolution 11 panel
7 resolution 12 -
8 , 11 panel
9 flat 10 -
9 flat 11 panel
11 panel 12 -
13 based 23 images
14 volumetric 23 images
15 computed 23 images
16 tomography 21 scanner
16 tomography 22 )
16 tomography 23 images
17 ( 21 scanner
18 explore 21 scanner
19 locus 20 ultra
20 ultra 21 scanner
21 scanner 22 )
23 images 32 -
24 ( 32 -
25 165,920 27 )(of
25 165,920 32 -
27 )(of 31 skulls
28 244 31 skulls
29 european 30 human
30 human 31 skulls
32 - 33 163
33 163 34 males
33 163 39 were
33 163 40 analyzed
33 163 41 according
34 males 37 females
34 males 39 were
35 , 37 females
36 81 37 females
37 females 38 -
41 according 42 to
41 according 49 on
41 according 51 units
42 to 46 density
43 their 46 density
44 radiological 45 bone
45 bone 46 density
46 density 48 based
47 , 48 based
49 on 50 hounsfield
51 units 53 h
51 units 55 )(that
51 units 56 are
51 units 58 related
55 )(that 56 are
56 are 57 directly
58 related 59 to
59 to 61 x
60 the 61 x
61 x 64 attenuation
62 - 64 attenuation
63 ray 64 attenuation
64 attenuation 65 of
64 attenuation 69 .
65 of 68 material
66 the 68 material
67 scanned 68 material

data were collected by the department of forensic medicine at the university hospital giessen and marburg during 2007 and 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 collected
3 collected 4 by
3 collected 10 at
3 collected 17 during
4 by 6 department
5 the 6 department
6 department 7 of
7 of 9 medicine
8 forensic 9 medicine
10 at 15 and
11 the 14 giessen
12 university 13 hospital
13 hospital 14 giessen
14 giessen 15 and
15 and 16 marburg
17 during 19 and
18 2007 19 and
19 and 20 2008

correlation analysis was used for data [description] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 correlation 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 for
5 for 6 data

results : human skull density estimates are widely scattered as a function of age for both sexes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 estimates
2 : 9 scattered
2 : 18 .
3 human 4 skull
4 skull 6 estimates
5 density 6 estimates
6 estimates 7 are
7 are 8 widely
7 are 9 scattered
9 scattered 10 as
10 as 12 function
11 a 12 function
12 function 13 of
13 of 14 age
14 age 15 for
15 for 17 sexes
16 both 17 sexes

male skull bone density remains constant [during] [lifetime] , whereas female skull bone density decays slowly from approximately 20 years onwards . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remains
1 male 2 skull
2 skull 4 density
3 bone 4 density
4 density 5 remains
5 remains 6 constant
6 constant 10 whereas
9 , 10 whereas
10 whereas 14 density
10 whereas 15 decays
10 whereas 22 .
11 female 12 skull
12 skull 14 density
13 bone 14 density
14 density 15 decays
15 decays 16 slowly
15 decays 17 from
15 decays 21 onwards
17 from 20 years
18 approximately 19 20
19 20 20 years

conclusions : bone density decay only theoretically provides a new method to determine age at death for adult females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 decay
2 : 8 provides
2 : 20 .
3 bone 5 decay
4 density 5 decay
5 decay 8 provides
6 only 8 provides
7 theoretically 8 provides
8 provides 11 method
8 provides 12 to
9 a 10 new
9 a 11 method
10 new 11 method
12 to 13 determine
13 determine 14 age
13 determine 15 at
13 determine 17 for
15 at 16 death
17 for 19 females
18 adult 19 females

due to the scattering of the data , an accuracy of approximately ±18 years is found at a confidence interval of 75 % , which is , unfortunately , of limited practical interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 4 scattering
2 to 8 ,
2 to 10 accuracy
3 the 4 scattering
4 scattering 5 of
5 of 7 data
6 the 7 data
9 an 10 accuracy
10 accuracy 11 of
10 accuracy 15 is
11 of 14 years
12 approximately 13 ±18
13 ±18 14 years
15 is 16 found
16 found 17 at
17 at 20 interval
18 a 20 interval
19 confidence 20 interval
20 interval 21 of
20 interval 30 of
21 of 23 %
22 75 23 %
23 % 25 which
24 , 25 which
25 which 26 is
25 which 29 ,
26 is 28 unfortunately
27 , 28 unfortunately
28 unfortunately 29 ,
30 of 33 interest
31 limited 33 interest
32 practical 33 interest

we found new sex differences of bone density decay in the skull that are potentially of [relevance] for the general understanding of bone degradation processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 sex
2 found 5 differences
3 new 4 sex
5 differences 6 of
5 differences 10 in
5 differences 13 that
5 differences 14 are
5 differences 16 of
6 of 9 decay
7 bone 9 decay
8 density 9 decay
10 in 12 skull
11 the 12 skull
13 that 14 are
14 are 15 potentially
16 of 18 for
18 for 21 understanding
19 the 21 understanding
20 general 21 understanding
21 understanding 22 of
22 of 25 processes
23 bone 25 processes
24 degradation 25 processes

this study investigated the effect of attending pre - school on mucosal immunity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 effect
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 attending
7 attending 10 school
7 attending 11 on
8 pre 9 -
8 pre 10 school
11 on 13 immunity
12 mucosal 13 immunity

children 3.5 to 5 years of age who attended pre - school were observed for a 10 month period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 children 3 to
1 children 5 years
2 3.5 3 to
3 to 4 5
5 years 6 of
5 years 13 were
6 of 7 age
7 age 8 who
7 age 9 attended
8 who 9 attended
9 attended 12 school
10 pre 11 -
10 pre 12 school
13 were 14 observed
14 observed 15 for
15 for 19 period
16 a 19 period
17 10 18 month
18 month 19 period

demographic information was collected on previous childcare experiences , the home environment and clinical information relating to the child and the family . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 demographic 2 information
2 information 3 was
3 was 4 collected
4 collected 5 on
4 collected 17 to
5 on 13 and
6 previous 8 experiences
7 childcare 8 experiences
8 experiences 9 ,
9 , 12 environment
9 , 13 and
10 the 12 environment
11 home 12 environment
13 and 15 information
13 and 16 relating
14 clinical 15 information
17 to 20 and
18 the 19 child
19 child 20 and
20 and 22 family
21 the 22 family

a daily illness log was kept for each child . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 log
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 kept
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 a 2 daily
1 a 4 log
2 daily 3 illness
3 illness 4 log
4 log 5 was
5 was 6 kept
6 kept 7 for
7 for 9 child
8 each 9 child

a multivariate longitudinal analysis of the relation between immunoglobulins in saliva and age , gender , childcare experience , pre - school exposure , number of siblings , environmental tobacco smoke ( ets ) , atopy and hospitalisation [was] conducted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 a 2 multivariate
1 a 4 analysis
2 multivariate 4 analysis
3 longitudinal 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
4 analysis 12 and
5 of 7 relation
6 the 7 relation
7 relation 8 between
7 relation 10 in
8 between 9 immunoglobulins
10 in 11 saliva
12 and 13 age
12 and 15 gender
14 , 15 gender
15 gender 16 ,
16 , 37 and
16 , 40 conducted
17 childcare 18 experience
18 experience 19 ,
19 , 23 exposure
19 , 24 ,
20 pre 21 -
20 pre 23 exposure
22 school 23 exposure
24 , 25 number
24 , 35 ,
25 number 26 of
26 of 27 siblings
27 siblings 31 smoke
28 , 31 smoke
29 environmental 30 tobacco
30 tobacco 31 smoke
31 smoke 33 ets
31 smoke 34 )
32 ( 33 ets
33 ets 34 )
35 , 36 atopy
35 , 37 and
37 and 38 hospitalisation
37 and 40 conducted

there was a positive association of higher iga levels with the winter season and with children being older than 4 years ( p < [.] 001 ) , having attended childcare prior to commencing pre - school ( p < [.] 05 ) , [and] having been exposed to ets at home ( p < [.] 05 ) [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 association
3 a 5 association
4 positive 5 association
5 association 6 of
6 of 9 levels
7 higher 9 levels
8 iga 9 levels
9 levels 14 and
9 levels 17 being
10 with 13 season
10 with 14 and
11 the 13 season
12 winter 13 season
14 and 15 with
15 with 16 children
17 being 18 older
18 older 19 than
19 than 20 4
20 4 21 years
20 4 31 childcare
21 years 24 <
21 years 29 having
21 years 31 childcare
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 26 001
24 < 27 )
28 , 29 having
29 having 30 attended
31 childcare 33 to
32 prior 33 to
33 to 34 commencing
34 commencing 35 pre
34 commencing 46 having
35 pre 37 school
36 - 37 school
37 school 40 <
37 school 43 )
38 ( 40 <
39 p 40 <
40 < 42 05
44 , 46 having
46 having 47 been
46 having 58 )
47 been 48 exposed
48 exposed 49 to
48 exposed 51 at
49 to 50 ets
51 at 52 home
52 home 55 <
53 ( 55 <
54 p 55 <
55 < 57 05

lower iga levels were associated with being atopic ( p < [.] 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 )(
1 lower 3 levels
2 iga 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 being
7 being 8 atopic
8 atopic 11 <
9 ( 11 <
10 p 11 <
11 < 13 05

higher igg levels were associated with exposure to ets ( p < [.] 001 ) , while lower levels were associated to having atopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 higher 3 levels
2 igg 3 levels
3 levels 4 were
4 were 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 8 to
6 with 7 exposure
8 to 9 ets
9 ets 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 14 001
12 < 15 )
16 , 19 levels
16 , 23 having
17 while 18 lower
17 while 19 levels
19 levels 20 were
20 were 21 associated
21 associated 22 to
22 to 23 having
23 having 24 atopy

higher igm levels were associated with previous childcare experience ( [p] < [.] 01 ) whilst having been hospitalised was associated with having low salivary igm levels [(] p < . 01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 igm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(
1 higher 2 igm
2 igm 3 levels
2 igm 4 were
2 igm 5 associated
3 levels 4 were
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 9 experience
5 associated 16 whilst
6 with 8 childcare
7 previous 8 childcare
9 experience 14 01
10 ( 14 01
12 < 14 01
14 01 15 )
16 whilst 17 having
16 whilst 23 having
17 having 18 been
17 having 20 was
18 been 19 hospitalised
20 was 21 associated
21 associated 22 with
22 with 23 having
23 having 27 levels
24 low 27 levels
25 salivary 27 levels
26 igm 27 levels
27 levels 29 p
27 levels 30 <
29 p 30 <
31 . 32 01

[lagged] analyses demonstrated that immunological parameters were affected by the number of respiratory infections in the preceding 2 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 analyses 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 6 parameters
4 that 8 affected
5 immunological 6 parameters
6 parameters 7 were
7 were 8 affected
8 affected 9 by
8 affected 15 in
9 by 14 infections
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 14 infections
12 of 14 infections
13 respiratory 14 infections
15 in 19 months
16 the 19 months
17 preceding 19 months
18 2 19 months

background : increased elastic conduit artery stiffness with aging is associated with early wave reflection and increased wasted left [ventricular] pressure energy ( lve ( w ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 elastic
3 increased 4 elastic
4 elastic 7 stiffness
4 elastic 16 and
5 conduit 6 artery
6 artery 7 stiffness
7 stiffness 8 with
7 stiffness 10 is
8 with 9 aging
10 is 16 and
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 and
12 with 15 reflection
13 early 14 wave
14 wave 15 reflection
16 and 17 increased
17 increased 22 energy
18 wasted 19 left
19 left 21 pressure
21 pressure 22 energy
22 energy 24 lve
23 ( 24 lve
24 lve 26 w
24 lve 28 )
25 ( 26 w
26 w 27 )

the effects of aging on central hemodynamics during exercise have not been well characterized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 10 have
3 of 4 aging
4 aging 5 on
4 aging 8 during
5 on 7 hemodynamics
6 central 7 hemodynamics
8 during 9 exercise
10 have 11 not
10 have 12 been
12 been 13 well
13 well 14 characterized

this study sought to investigate changes in central hemodynamics during cycle exercise in young , middle [-] aged , and older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 6 changes
5 investigate 10 during
5 investigate 13 in
6 changes 7 in
7 in 9 hemodynamics
8 central 9 hemodynamics
10 during 12 exercise
11 cycle 12 exercise
13 in 22 men
14 young 15 ,
14 young 16 middle
16 middle 22 men
18 aged 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 older
20 and 22 men

results : repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant group [-] by [-] time interactions for heart rate , central diastolic blood pressure ( dbp ) , central pulse pressure ( pp ) , pp amplification ( ppa ) , central aortic pressure augmentation ( ap ) , aortic augmentation [index] ( ai ( x ) ) , and lve ( w ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
2 : 4 measures
3 repeated 4 measures
4 measures 5 analysis
4 measures 8 revealed
5 analysis 6 of
5 analysis 8 revealed
6 of 7 variance
8 revealed 59 and
9 significant 10 group
10 group 12 by
10 group 59 and
12 by 14 time
14 time 15 interactions
14 time 18 rate
14 time 23 pressure
15 interactions 16 for
15 interactions 18 rate
16 for 17 heart
19 , 23 pressure
20 central 23 pressure
21 diastolic 22 blood
22 blood 23 pressure
23 pressure 25 dbp
23 pressure 30 pressure
23 pressure 58 ,
24 ( 25 dbp
25 dbp 26 )
27 , 30 pressure
28 central 29 pulse
29 pulse 30 pressure
30 pressure 32 pp
30 pressure 36 amplification
30 pressure 44 augmentation
30 pressure 58 ,
31 ( 32 pp
32 pp 33 )
34 , 36 amplification
35 pp 36 amplification
36 amplification 38 ppa
36 amplification 40 ,
37 ( 38 ppa
38 ppa 39 )
40 , 44 augmentation
41 central 43 pressure
42 aortic 43 pressure
43 pressure 44 augmentation
44 augmentation 46 ap
44 augmentation 50 augmentation
44 augmentation 58 ,
45 ( 46 ap
46 ap 47 )
48 , 50 augmentation
49 aortic 50 augmentation
50 augmentation 53 ai
50 augmentation 58 ,
52 ( 53 ai
53 ai 55 x
53 ai 57 )
54 ( 55 x
55 x 56 )
59 and 60 lve
60 lve 62 w
61 ( 62 w
62 w 63 )

conclusions : this study suggests that changes in the timing and amplitude of reflected pressure waves during exercise alter the hemodynamic response to exercise with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 27 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 7 changes
6 that 19 alter
7 changes 8 in
7 changes 13 of
8 in 11 and
9 the 10 timing
10 timing 11 and
11 and 12 amplitude
13 of 16 waves
14 reflected 16 waves
15 pressure 16 waves
16 waves 17 during
17 during 18 exercise
19 alter 22 response
19 alter 23 to
19 alter 25 with
20 the 22 response
21 hemodynamic 22 response
23 to 24 exercise
25 with 26 aging

in response to exercise , ap and lve ( w ) increased in older subjects while young and middle - aged subjects exhibited a decline in ap and no change in lve ( w ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 response
2 response 3 to
3 to 4 exercise
3 to 5 ,
3 to 7 and
6 ap 7 and
7 and 8 lve
7 and 18 and
8 lve 10 w
9 ( 10 w
10 w 11 )
12 increased 13 in
12 increased 16 while
12 increased 18 and
13 in 15 subjects
14 older 15 subjects
16 while 17 young
18 and 19 middle
20 - 22 subjects
20 - 23 exhibited
21 aged 22 subjects
22 subjects 23 exhibited
23 exhibited 28 and
23 exhibited 31 in
24 a 25 decline
25 decline 26 in
25 decline 28 and
26 in 27 ap
28 and 30 change
29 no 30 change
31 in 32 lve
32 lve 34 w
33 ( 34 w
34 w 35 )

purpose : the posterior precortical vitreous pocket ( the pocket ) is a premacular liquefied lacuna , the physiologic presence of which was reported in autopsy eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 7 pocket
2 : 12 is
2 : 17 ,
3 the 7 pocket
4 posterior 7 pocket
5 precortical 7 pocket
6 vitreous 7 pocket
7 pocket 10 pocket
7 pocket 12 is
8 ( 10 pocket
9 the 10 pocket
10 pocket 11 )
12 is 16 lacuna
13 a 14 premacular
13 a 16 lacuna
14 premacular 16 lacuna
15 liquefied 16 lacuna
17 , 20 presence
17 , 24 reported
18 the 20 presence
19 physiologic 20 presence
20 presence 21 of
20 presence 23 was
21 of 22 which
23 was 24 reported
24 reported 25 in
25 in 27 eyes
26 autopsy 27 eyes

we describe the morphologic features of the pocket in normal individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 describe
2 describe 5 features
2 describe 9 in
3 the 5 features
4 morphologic 5 features
5 features 6 of
6 of 8 pocket
7 the 8 pocket
9 in 11 individuals
10 normal 11 individuals

methods : we performed spectral - domain optical coherence tomography in 102 eyes of 51 normal subjects of various ages in a sitting position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 10 tomography
4 performed 11 in
5 spectral 6 -
5 spectral 7 domain
7 domain 10 tomography
8 optical 9 coherence
9 coherence 10 tomography
11 in 13 eyes
12 102 13 eyes
13 eyes 14 of
13 eyes 18 of
13 eyes 21 in
14 of 17 subjects
15 51 17 subjects
16 normal 17 subjects
18 of 20 ages
19 various 20 ages
21 in 24 position
22 a 24 position
23 sitting 24 position

results : the pocket was identified as an optically lucent space anterior to the posterior fundus in 85 of 102 eyes ( 83.3 % ) in the age - group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 pocket
2 : 6 identified
2 : 29 -
3 the 4 pocket
4 pocket 5 was
5 was 6 identified
6 identified 7 as
6 identified 12 anterior
7 as 11 space
8 an 9 optically
8 an 11 space
9 optically 10 lucent
10 lucent 11 space
12 anterior 13 to
12 anterior 17 in
12 anterior 26 in
13 to 16 fundus
14 the 16 fundus
15 posterior 16 fundus
17 in 18 85
18 85 19 of
19 of 21 eyes
20 102 21 eyes
21 eyes 24 %
22 ( 24 %
23 83.3 24 %
24 % 25 )
26 in 28 age
27 the 28 age
29 - 30 group
29 - 31 .

the vitreous cortex was extremely thin at the central fovea , and it gradually thickened along with age in the perifoveal area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 cortex
2 vitreous 3 cortex
3 cortex 4 was
4 was 6 thin
5 extremely 6 thin
6 thin 7 at
7 at 12 and
8 the 10 fovea
9 central 10 fovea
10 fovea 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 it
12 and 15 thickened
14 gradually 15 thickened
15 thickened 17 with
15 thickened 19 in
16 along 17 with
17 with 18 age
19 in 22 area
20 the 22 area
21 perifoveal 22 area

a shallow perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment developed in 16 of 32 eyes ( 50 % ) of subjects aged >51 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 detachment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 shallow
1 a 6 detachment
2 shallow 6 detachment
3 perifoveal 6 detachment
4 posterior 6 detachment
5 vitreous 6 detachment
6 detachment 7 developed
6 detachment 19 aged
7 developed 8 in
8 in 9 16
9 16 10 of
9 16 17 of
10 of 12 eyes
11 32 12 eyes
12 eyes 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 50 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 of 18 subjects
19 aged 21 years
20 >51 21 years

the lamellar structure of the vitreous cortex was seen in 7 of the 32 eyes ( 22 % ) of subjects aged >51 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 structure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 structure
2 lamellar 3 structure
3 structure 4 of
3 structure 8 was
4 of 7 cortex
5 the 7 cortex
6 vitreous 7 cortex
8 was 9 seen
9 seen 10 in
10 in 11 7
11 7 12 of
11 7 20 of
12 of 15 eyes
13 the 14 32
14 32 15 eyes
15 eyes 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 22 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 of 24 years
21 subjects 24 years
22 aged 23 >51
23 >51 24 years

conclusion : spectral - domain optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of the pocket in all ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 spectral
4 - 8 tomography
4 - 9 confirmed
4 - 18 .
5 domain 8 tomography
6 optical 7 coherence
7 coherence 8 tomography
8 tomography 9 confirmed
9 confirmed 11 presence
9 confirmed 15 in
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 of
12 of 14 pocket
13 the 14 pocket
15 in 17 ages
16 all 17 ages

thickened vitreous cortex and perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment were physiologic findings in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cortex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 thickened 3 cortex
2 vitreous 3 cortex
4 and 8 detachment
4 and 9 were
5 perifoveal 8 detachment
6 posterior 8 detachment
7 vitreous 8 detachment
8 detachment 9 were
9 were 11 findings
10 physiologic 11 findings
11 findings 12 in
12 in 14 individuals
13 older 14 individuals

the lamellar structure of the vitreous cortex may be related to the vitreoschisis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 structure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 structure
2 lamellar 3 structure
3 structure 4 of
3 structure 8 may
4 of 7 cortex
5 the 7 cortex
6 vitreous 7 cortex
8 may 9 be
9 be 10 related
10 related 11 to
11 to 13 vitreoschisis
12 the 13 vitreoschisis

objectives : the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of age , hearing loss , and cognitive ability on the cognitive processing load during listening to speech presented in noise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 14 of
5 of 7 present
6 the 7 present
7 present 8 study
7 present 11 evaluate
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 evaluate
10 to 11 evaluate
11 evaluate 13 influence
12 the 13 influence
14 of 15 age
16 , 20 and
17 hearing 18 loss
18 loss 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 ability
20 and 23 on
20 and 28 during
21 cognitive 22 ability
23 on 27 load
24 the 27 load
25 cognitive 27 load
26 processing 27 load
28 during 29 listening
29 listening 30 to
30 to 31 speech
31 speech 32 presented
32 presented 33 in
33 in 34 noise

cognitive [load] was assessed by means of pupillometry ( i.e [.] , examination of pupil dilation ) , supplemented with subjective ratings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 by
5 by 6 means
6 means 7 of
6 means 19 supplemented
7 of 8 pupillometry
8 pupillometry 10 i.e
9 ( 10 i.e
10 i.e 13 examination
10 i.e 18 ,
12 , 13 examination
13 examination 14 of
13 examination 17 )
14 of 16 dilation
15 pupil 16 dilation
19 supplemented 20 with
20 with 22 ratings
21 subjective 22 ratings

design : two groups of subjects participated : 38 middle - aged participants ( mean age [=] 55 [yrs] ) with normal hearing and 36 middle - aged participants ( mean age = 61 yrs [ )(with hearing loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 middle
2 : 4 groups
2 : 8 :
3 two 4 groups
4 groups 5 of
4 groups 7 participated
5 of 6 subjects
8 : 9 38
9 38 10 middle
10 middle 12 aged
10 middle 13 participants
10 middle 21 with
11 - 12 aged
13 participants 16 age
14 ( 16 age
15 mean 16 age
16 age 18 55
16 age 20 )
21 with 24 and
22 normal 23 hearing
23 hearing 24 and
24 and 26 middle
24 and 29 participants
25 36 26 middle
27 - 29 participants
28 aged 29 participants
29 participants 31 mean
29 participants 40 .
30 ( 31 mean
31 mean 32 age
31 mean 37 )(with
31 mean 38 hearing
31 mean 40 .
32 age 33 =
33 = 35 yrs
33 = 37 )(with
34 61 35 yrs
38 hearing 39 loss

using three speech reception threshold ( srt ) in stationary noise tests , we estimated the speech - to [-] noise ratios ( snrs ) required for the correct repetition of 50 % , 71 % , [or] 84 % of the sentences ( srt50 [%] , srt71 [%] , and srt84 [%] , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 using 7 srt
1 using 9 in
1 using 13 ,
1 using 14 we
2 three 7 srt
3 speech 4 reception
4 reception 5 threshold
5 threshold 7 srt
6 ( 7 srt
7 srt 8 )
9 in 12 tests
10 stationary 11 noise
11 noise 12 tests
14 we 15 estimated
15 estimated 17 speech
16 the 17 speech
17 speech 19 to
18 - 19 to
19 to 21 noise
19 to 56 )
21 noise 22 ratios
21 noise 26 required
22 ratios 24 snrs
22 ratios 26 required
23 ( 24 snrs
24 snrs 25 )
26 required 27 for
26 required 55 respectively
27 for 30 repetition
28 the 30 repetition
29 correct 30 repetition
30 repetition 31 of
30 repetition 36 %
30 repetition 40 %
31 of 33 %
32 50 33 %
34 , 36 %
35 71 36 %
36 % 37 ,
37 , 40 %
39 84 40 %
40 % 41 of
40 % 51 and
40 % 54 ,
41 of 43 sentences
42 the 43 sentences
44 ( 51 and
45 srt50 47 ,
47 , 48 srt71
47 , 51 and
50 , 51 and
51 and 52 srt84
51 and 54 ,

we examined the pupil response during listening : the peak amplitude , the peak latency , the mean dilation , and the pupil response duration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 :
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 5 response
2 examined 6 during
3 the 5 response
4 pupil 5 response
6 during 7 listening
8 : 21 and
8 : 26 .
9 the 11 amplitude
10 peak 11 amplitude
11 amplitude 12 ,
12 , 15 latency
12 , 16 ,
13 the 15 latency
14 peak 15 latency
16 , 19 dilation
16 , 21 and
17 the 19 dilation
18 mean 19 dilation
20 , 21 and
21 and 25 duration
22 the 25 duration
23 pupil 25 duration
24 response 25 duration

for each condition , participants rated the experienced listening effort and estimated their performance level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 for 3 condition
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 participants
2 each 3 condition
5 participants 11 and
5 participants 15 level
6 rated 10 effort
6 rated 11 and
7 the 10 effort
8 experienced 10 effort
9 listening 10 effort
11 and 12 estimated
11 and 14 performance
13 their 14 performance

participants also performed the text reception threshold ( trt ) test , a test of processing speed , and a word vocabulary test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 participants 3 performed
2 also 3 performed
3 performed 11 test
4 the 11 test
5 text 6 reception
6 reception 7 threshold
7 threshold 9 trt
8 ( 9 trt
9 trt 10 )
9 trt 11 test
12 , 19 and
13 a 14 test
14 test 15 of
14 test 19 and
15 of 16 processing
16 processing 17 speed
18 , 19 and
19 and 23 test
20 a 23 test
21 word 23 test
22 vocabulary 23 test

data were compared with previously published data from young participants with normal hearing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 11 with
4 with 7 data
5 previously 6 published
6 published 7 data
7 data 8 from
8 from 10 participants
9 young 10 participants
11 with 13 hearing
12 normal 13 hearing

results : hearing loss was related to relatively poor srts , and higher speech intelligibility was associated with lower effort and higher performance ratings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 hearing
3 hearing 4 loss
3 hearing 6 related
4 loss 5 was
5 was 6 related
6 related 7 to
7 to 10 srts
8 relatively 9 poor
9 poor 10 srts
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 intelligibility
12 and 17 associated
13 higher 15 intelligibility
14 speech 15 intelligibility
15 intelligibility 16 was
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 and
19 lower 20 effort
20 effort 21 and
21 and 24 ratings
22 higher 23 performance
23 performance 24 ratings

for listeners with normal hearing , increasing age was associated with poorer trts and slower processing speed but with larger word vocabulary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 2 listeners
1 for 6 ,
1 for 7 increasing
2 listeners 3 with
3 with 5 hearing
4 normal 5 hearing
7 increasing 8 age
7 increasing 9 was
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 14 and
12 poorer 13 trts
13 trts 14 and
14 and 17 speed
14 and 18 but
15 slower 17 speed
16 processing 17 speed
18 but 19 with
19 with 22 vocabulary
20 larger 21 word
21 word 22 vocabulary

a multivariate repeated - measures analysis of variance indicated main effects of group and snr and an interaction effect between these factors on the pupil response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 repeated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 multivariate
2 multivariate 3 repeated
4 - 5 measures
5 measures 6 analysis
5 measures 19 effect
6 analysis 7 of
6 analysis 9 indicated
7 of 8 variance
9 indicated 16 and
9 indicated 19 effect
10 main 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
11 effects 16 and
12 of 14 and
13 group 14 and
14 and 15 snr
16 and 18 interaction
16 and 19 effect
17 an 18 interaction
19 effect 20 between
19 effect 23 on
20 between 22 factors
21 these 22 factors
23 on 26 response
24 the 26 response
25 pupil 26 response

the peak latency was relatively short and the mean dilation was relatively small at low intelligibility levels for the middle - aged groups , whereas the reverse was observed for high intelligibility levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 latency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 3 latency
2 peak 3 latency
3 latency 4 was
4 was 6 short
5 relatively 6 short
7 and 10 dilation
7 and 11 was
8 the 10 dilation
9 mean 10 dilation
10 dilation 11 was
11 was 13 small
12 relatively 13 small
13 small 14 at
13 small 25 whereas
13 small 30 for
14 at 17 levels
15 low 16 intelligibility
16 intelligibility 17 levels
17 levels 18 for
18 for 20 middle
19 the 20 middle
20 middle 23 groups
21 - 23 groups
22 aged 23 groups
23 groups 24 ,
25 whereas 27 reverse
25 whereas 28 was
26 the 27 reverse
27 reverse 28 was
28 was 29 observed
30 for 33 levels
31 high 33 levels
32 intelligibility 33 levels

the decrease in the pupil response as a function of increasing snr was relatively small for the listeners with hearing loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 13 was
3 in 6 response
4 the 6 response
5 pupil 6 response
6 response 7 as
6 response 10 of
7 as 9 function
8 a 9 function
10 of 11 increasing
11 increasing 12 snr
13 was 15 small
14 relatively 15 small
15 small 16 for
15 small 19 with
16 for 18 listeners
17 the 18 listeners
19 with 20 hearing
20 hearing 21 loss

spearman correlation coefficients indicated that the cognitive load was larger in listeners with better trt performances as reflected by a longer peak latency ( normal - hearing participants , srt50 % condition ) and a larger peak amplitude and longer response duration ( hearing - impaired participants , srt50 [%] and srt84 % conditions ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coefficients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 spearman 3 coefficients
2 correlation 3 coefficients
3 coefficients 4 indicated
3 coefficients 5 that
3 coefficients 13 with
3 coefficients 14 better
5 that 8 load
5 that 9 was
6 the 8 load
7 cognitive 8 load
8 load 9 was
9 was 10 larger
10 larger 11 in
10 larger 13 with
11 in 12 listeners
14 better 16 performances
14 better 17 as
15 trt 16 performances
17 as 18 reflected
18 reflected 19 by
19 by 23 latency
20 a 23 latency
21 longer 22 peak
22 peak 23 latency
23 latency 28 participants
24 ( 28 participants
25 normal 26 -
25 normal 28 participants
27 hearing 28 participants
28 participants 32 condition
28 participants 33 )
29 , 32 condition
30 srt50 32 condition
31 % 32 condition
32 condition 33 )
34 and 42 duration
34 and 46 impaired
35 a 42 duration
36 larger 42 duration
37 peak 38 amplitude
38 amplitude 39 and
39 and 40 longer
39 and 42 duration
41 response 42 duration
42 duration 44 hearing
42 duration 46 impaired
43 ( 44 hearing
44 hearing 45 -
46 impaired 47 participants
47 participants 54 conditions
48 , 54 conditions
49 srt50 51 and
51 and 52 srt84
52 srt84 54 conditions
53 % 54 conditions
54 conditions 55 )

also , a larger word vocabulary was related to longer response duration in the srt84 % condition for the participants with normal hearing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vocabulary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 6 vocabulary
3 a 6 vocabulary
4 larger 5 word
5 word 6 vocabulary
6 vocabulary 7 was
7 was 8 related
8 related 9 to
8 related 13 in
8 related 21 with
9 to 12 duration
10 longer 11 response
11 response 12 duration
13 in 17 condition
14 the 17 condition
15 srt84 17 condition
16 % 17 condition
17 condition 18 for
18 for 20 participants
19 the 20 participants
21 with 23 hearing
22 normal 23 hearing

conclusions : the pupil response systematically increased with decreasing speech intelligibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 response
3 the 5 response
4 pupil 5 response
5 response 7 increased
6 systematically 7 increased
7 increased 8 with
8 with 9 decreasing
9 decreasing 11 intelligibility
10 speech 11 intelligibility

ageing and hearing loss were related to less release from effort when increasing the intelligibility of speech in noise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 release
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 ageing 2 and
2 and 3 hearing
2 and 4 loss
2 and 5 were
2 and 6 related
2 and 9 release
4 loss 5 were
6 related 7 to
7 to 8 less
9 release 10 from
9 release 12 when
9 release 15 intelligibility
9 release 18 in
10 from 11 effort
12 when 13 increasing
14 the 15 intelligibility
15 intelligibility 16 of
16 of 17 speech
18 in 19 noise

in difficult listening conditions [,] these factors may induce [cognitive] overload relatively early [or] they may be associated with relatively shallow speech processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 listening
1 in 15 they
2 difficult 3 listening
3 listening 4 conditions
3 listening 11 overload
4 conditions 7 factors
4 conditions 9 induce
4 conditions 11 overload
6 these 7 factors
7 factors 8 may
8 may 9 induce
11 overload 13 early
12 relatively 13 early
15 they 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
19 with 22 speech
19 with 23 processing
20 relatively 21 shallow
21 shallow 22 speech

more research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms explaining these results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 more 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 9 mechanisms
7 the 9 mechanisms
8 underlying 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 explaining
10 explaining 12 results
11 these 12 results

better trts and larger word vocabulary were related to higher mental processing load across speech intelligibility levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 load
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 better 2 trts
2 trts 3 and
3 and 5 word
3 and 6 vocabulary
3 and 7 were
3 and 8 related
3 and 13 load
4 larger 5 word
6 vocabulary 7 were
8 related 9 to
9 to 12 processing
10 higher 12 processing
11 mental 12 processing
13 load 14 across
13 load 17 levels
15 speech 17 levels
16 intelligibility 17 levels

this indicates that utilizing linguistic ability to improve speech perception is associated with increased listening [load] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 indicates
2 indicates 3 that
3 that 4 utilizing
3 that 14 increased
4 utilizing 6 ability
4 utilizing 14 increased
5 linguistic 6 ability
6 ability 7 to
6 ability 8 improve
7 to 8 improve
8 improve 9 speech
9 speech 10 perception
9 speech 13 with
10 perception 11 is
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
14 increased 15 listening

[none] background : the bronchial epithelium and underlying reticular basement membrane ( rbm ) have a close spatial and functional [inter] - relationship [and] are considered an epithelial - mesenchymal trophic unit ( emtu ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
3 : 7 and
3 : 15 have
4 the 6 epithelium
5 bronchial 6 epithelium
6 epithelium 7 and
7 and 11 membrane
7 and 13 rbm
7 and 15 have
8 underlying 11 membrane
9 reticular 10 basement
10 basement 11 membrane
12 ( 13 rbm
13 rbm 14 )
15 have 17 close
15 have 26 considered
16 a 17 close
17 close 19 and
17 close 25 are
18 spatial 19 and
19 and 23 relationship
19 and 25 are
20 functional 22 -
20 functional 23 relationship
26 considered 32 unit
27 an 32 unit
28 epithelial 29 -
28 epithelial 32 unit
30 mesenchymal 32 unit
31 trophic 32 unit
32 unit 34 emtu
33 ( 34 emtu
34 emtu 35 )

an understanding of rbm development is critical to understanding the extent and time [of] appearance of its abnormal thickening that is characteristic of asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 an 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 of
2 understanding 6 is
3 of 5 development
4 rbm 5 development
6 is 7 critical
7 critical 8 to
8 to 9 understanding
9 understanding 12 and
10 the 11 extent
11 extent 12 and
12 and 15 appearance
12 and 16 of
12 and 23 of
13 time 15 appearance
16 of 19 thickening
17 its 19 thickening
18 abnormal 19 thickening
19 thickening 20 that
19 thickening 21 is
20 that 21 is
21 is 22 characteristic
23 of 24 asthma

methods : rbm thickness and epithelial height were determined in histological sections of cartilaginous bronchi obtained postmortem from 47 preterm babies and infants [(] median age 40 weeks gestation [(] 22 weeks gestation - 8 months [ )( )( 40 children [(] 2 years ( 1 month - 17 years ) ) and 23 adults ( 44 ( 17 - 90 ) years [ )(who had died [from] [non] - respiratory causes , and [had] no history of asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 thickness
3 rbm 4 thickness
5 and 7 height
6 epithelial 7 height
7 height 8 were
8 were 9 determined
9 determined 10 in
10 in 22 and
11 histological 12 sections
12 sections 13 of
12 sections 17 postmortem
12 sections 22 and
13 of 15 bronchi
14 cartilaginous 15 bronchi
15 bronchi 16 obtained
17 postmortem 18 from
18 from 21 babies
19 47 21 babies
20 preterm 21 babies
22 and 26 age
23 infants 26 age
25 median 26 age
26 age 34 -
27 40 28 weeks
27 40 34 -
28 weeks 33 gestation
29 gestation 33 gestation
31 22 32 weeks
32 weeks 33 gestation
34 - 35 8
35 8 36 months
36 months 41 children
40 40 41 children
41 children 44 years
43 2 44 years
44 years 47 month
44 years 53 and
45 ( 47 month
46 1 47 month
47 month 50 years
47 month 52 )
48 - 50 years
49 17 50 years
50 years 51 )
53 and 55 adults
53 and 57 44
53 and 61 90
53 and 63 years
54 23 55 adults
56 ( 57 44
57 44 59 17
57 44 60 -
58 ( 59 17
59 17 60 -
60 - 61 90
61 90 62 )
63 years 65 )(who
63 years 66 had
63 years 74 and
65 )(who 66 had
66 had 67 died
70 - 74 and
71 respiratory 72 causes
72 causes 74 and
73 , 74 and
74 and 77 history
74 and 78 of
74 and 80 .
76 no 77 history
78 of 79 asthma

results : the rbm was visible by light microscopy at 30 weeks gestation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 rbm
2 : 5 was
2 : 14 .
3 the 4 rbm
4 rbm 5 was
5 was 6 visible
6 visible 7 by
6 visible 10 at
7 by 9 microscopy
8 light 9 microscopy
10 at 13 gestation
11 30 12 weeks
12 weeks 13 gestation

rbm thickness increased in successive age groups in childhood [;] in infants ( r=0.63 , p<0.001 ) and in children between 1 month and 17 years ( r=0.82 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 rbm 2 thickness
2 thickness 3 increased
3 increased 4 in
3 increased 8 in
4 in 7 groups
5 successive 6 age
6 age 7 groups
8 in 24 and
9 childhood 18 and
9 childhood 24 and
11 in 12 infants
11 in 18 and
12 infants 16 p<0.001
13 ( 16 p<0.001
14 r=0.63 15 ,
14 r=0.63 16 p<0.001
16 p<0.001 17 )
18 and 19 in
19 in 20 children
20 children 21 between
21 between 23 month
22 1 23 month
24 and 26 years
25 17 26 years
26 years 30 p<0.001
27 ( 30 p<0.001
28 r=0.82 29 ,
28 r=0.82 30 p<0.001
30 p<0.001 31 )

after 18 years , rbm thickness decreased with increasing age ( r= - 0.42 , p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 after 3 years
1 after 4 ,
1 after 6 thickness
2 18 3 years
5 rbm 6 thickness
6 thickness 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 with
8 with 10 age
9 increasing 10 age
10 age 12 r=
10 age 14 0.42
11 ( 12 r=
12 r= 13 -
13 - 14 0.42
14 0.42 16 p<0.05
14 0.42 17 )
15 , 16 p<0.05
16 p<0.05 17 )

epithelial height showed a similar relationship with age , a positive relationship from preterm to 17 years ( r=0.50 , p<0.001 ) and a negative relationship in adulthood ( r= - 0.84 , p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 height
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 epithelial 2 height
2 height 3 showed
3 showed 6 relationship
3 showed 23 and
3 showed 27 in
4 a 5 similar
4 a 6 relationship
5 similar 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 with
6 relationship 12 relationship
6 relationship 21 p<0.001
7 with 8 age
9 , 12 relationship
10 a 11 positive
10 a 12 relationship
11 positive 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 from
12 relationship 15 to
12 relationship 20 ,
13 from 14 preterm
15 to 17 years
16 17 17 years
17 years 19 r=0.50
18 ( 19 r=0.50
19 r=0.50 20 ,
20 , 21 p<0.001
21 p<0.001 22 )
23 and 26 relationship
24 a 26 relationship
25 negative 26 relationship
27 in 28 adulthood
28 adulthood 30 r=
29 ( 30 r=
30 r= 32 0.84
30 r= 35 )
31 - 32 0.84
32 0.84 34 p<0.0001
32 0.84 35 )
33 , 34 p<0.0001
34 p<0.0001 35 )

there was a direct relationship between epithelial height and rbm thickness ( r=0.6 , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 relationship
2 was 6 between
3 a 4 direct
3 a 5 relationship
4 direct 5 relationship
6 between 9 and
7 epithelial 8 height
8 height 9 and
9 and 11 thickness
9 and 15 p<0.001
10 rbm 11 thickness
12 ( 15 p<0.001
13 r=0.6 14 ,
13 r=0.6 15 p<0.001
15 p<0.001 16 )

conclusions : the rbm in these subjects was microscopically identifiable by 30 weeks gestation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 rbm
2 : 8 was
2 : 15 .
3 the 4 rbm
4 rbm 5 in
4 rbm 8 was
5 in 7 subjects
6 these 7 subjects
8 was 9 microscopically
8 was 10 identifiable
10 identifiable 11 by
11 by 14 gestation
12 30 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 gestation

it thickened during childhood and adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thickened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 it 2 thickened
2 thickened 3 during
3 during 5 and
4 childhood 5 and
5 and 6 adolescence

in adults , there was either no relationship with age , or a slow reduction in thickness in older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 adults
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 12 or
6 either 12 or
7 no 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 with
8 relationship 12 or
9 with 10 age
11 , 12 or
12 or 15 reduction
12 or 16 in
12 or 18 in
13 a 14 slow
13 a 15 reduction
14 slow 15 reduction
16 in 17 thickness
18 in 20 age
19 older 20 age

developmental changes of rbm thickness were accompanied by similar changes in epithelial height , supporting the close relationship between rbm and epithelium within the emtu . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 accompanied
1 developmental 2 changes
2 changes 3 of
2 changes 6 were
3 of 5 thickness
4 rbm 5 thickness
6 were 7 accompanied
7 accompanied 8 by
7 accompanied 11 in
7 accompanied 15 supporting
8 by 10 changes
9 similar 10 changes
11 in 13 height
12 epithelial 13 height
14 , 15 supporting
15 supporting 18 relationship
15 supporting 19 between
15 supporting 23 within
15 supporting 26 .
16 the 18 relationship
17 close 18 relationship
19 between 21 and
20 rbm 21 and
21 and 22 epithelium
23 within 25 emtu
24 the 25 emtu

[none] none none background : advanced glycation end - products ( age ) are pivotal in aging and diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 background
5 : 8 end
5 : 9 -
5 : 20 .
6 advanced 7 glycation
7 glycation 8 end
9 - 10 products
9 - 14 are
10 products 12 age
10 products 14 are
11 ( 12 age
12 age 13 )
14 are 15 pivotal
15 pivotal 16 in
16 in 18 and
17 aging 18 and
18 and 19 diabetes

aging and polycystic ovary syndrome , [a] diabetes - associated disease , often cause infertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 aging 2 and
2 and 5 syndrome
2 and 8 diabetes
2 and 10 associated
3 polycystic 4 ovary
4 ovary 5 syndrome
6 , 8 diabetes
8 diabetes 9 -
10 associated 11 disease
12 , 14 cause
13 often 14 cause
14 cause 15 infertility

we examined how age accumulation affects assisted reproductive technology ( art ) [outcomes] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 how
3 how 5 accumulation
3 how 6 affects
4 age 5 accumulation
5 accumulation 6 affects
6 affects 9 technology
7 assisted 9 technology
8 reproductive 9 technology
9 technology 11 art
10 ( 11 art
11 art 12 )

methods : in this retrospective analysis , toxic age ( tage ) , pentosidine ( pent [ )(and carboxymethyl lysine ( cml ) in blood and follicular fluid ( ff ) were measured in 157 art - patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 24 in
3 in 6 analysis
4 this 6 analysis
5 retrospective 6 analysis
6 analysis 11 tage
7 , 11 tage
8 toxic 11 tage
9 age 11 tage
10 ( 11 tage
11 tage 12 )
11 tage 14 pentosidine
11 tage 23 )
13 , 14 pentosidine
14 pentosidine 18 )(and
14 pentosidine 23 )
15 ( 18 )(and
16 pent 18 )(and
18 )(and 20 lysine
18 )(and 22 cml
18 )(and 23 )
19 carboxymethyl 20 lysine
21 ( 22 cml
22 cml 23 )
24 in 25 blood
26 and 28 fluid
26 and 33 measured
27 follicular 28 fluid
28 fluid 30 ff
28 fluid 32 were
29 ( 30 ff
30 ff 31 )
32 were 33 measured
33 measured 34 in
34 in 36 art
35 157 36 art
36 art 38 patients
37 - 38 patients
38 patients 39 .

we analyzed associations of age with art outcomes and pre - art clinical factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 we 2 analyzed
2 analyzed 3 associations
2 analyzed 6 with
3 associations 4 of
4 of 5 age
6 with 9 and
7 art 8 outcomes
8 outcomes 9 and
9 and 10 pre
11 - 14 factors
11 - 15 .
12 art 14 factors
13 clinical 14 factors

results : tage , pent [and] cml in ff and tage in serum , showed significant negative correlations with estradiol and numbers of follicles larger than 12 mm in diameter , retrieved oocytes , fertilized oocytes and embryos . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 tage
4 , 10 and
4 , 15 showed
5 pent 7 cml
5 pent 8 in
5 pent 10 and
8 in 9 ff
10 and 11 tage
10 and 14 ,
10 and 15 showed
11 tage 12 in
12 in 13 serum
15 showed 21 and
16 significant 17 negative
17 negative 18 correlations
18 correlations 19 with
18 correlations 21 and
19 with 20 estradiol
21 and 22 numbers
21 and 25 larger
21 and 29 in
21 and 33 oocytes
22 numbers 23 of
23 of 24 follicles
25 larger 26 than
26 than 28 mm
27 12 28 mm
29 in 30 diameter
31 , 33 oocytes
32 retrieved 33 oocytes
33 oocytes 37 and
33 oocytes 39 .
34 , 37 and
35 fertilized 36 oocytes
36 oocytes 37 and
37 and 38 embryos
37 and 39 .

age , pent in ff and tage in serum showed significant negative correlations with ongoing pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 pent
2 , 6 and
3 pent 4 in
4 in 5 ff
6 and 7 tage
6 and 8 in
6 and 10 showed
8 in 9 serum
10 showed 13 correlations
10 showed 14 with
11 significant 12 negative
12 negative 13 correlations
14 with 16 pregnancy
15 ongoing 16 pregnancy

areas under receiver [-] operating characteristic curves for age ( 0.709 ) , pent in ff ( 0.686 ) and tage in serum ( 0.667 ) were significantly larger than for the reference ( 0.5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 areas 2 under
1 areas 20 and
2 under 7 curves
3 receiver 5 operating
5 operating 7 curves
6 characteristic 7 curves
7 curves 8 for
7 curves 11 0.709
7 curves 14 pent
8 for 9 age
10 ( 11 0.709
11 0.709 12 )
13 , 14 pent
14 pent 15 in
14 pent 18 0.686
14 pent 19 )
15 in 16 ff
17 ( 18 0.686
18 0.686 19 )
20 and 21 tage
20 and 25 0.667
20 and 27 were
21 tage 22 in
22 in 23 serum
24 ( 25 0.667
25 0.667 26 )
27 were 29 larger
28 significantly 29 larger
29 larger 30 than
30 than 31 for
31 for 33 reference
32 the 33 reference
33 reference 35 0.5
34 ( 35 0.5
35 0.5 36 )

women with serum tage above 7.24 u/ml showed decreased oocyte numbers and ongoing pregnancy rates , even with younger age or lower day - 3 fsh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 women 2 with
1 women 8 showed
2 with 4 tage
3 serum 4 tage
4 tage 5 above
5 above 7 u/ml
6 7.24 7 u/ml
8 showed 10 oocyte
8 showed 12 and
8 showed 21 or
9 decreased 10 oocyte
11 numbers 12 and
12 and 15 rates
12 and 16 ,
12 and 21 or
13 ongoing 15 rates
14 pregnancy 15 rates
17 even 18 with
17 even 21 or
18 with 20 age
19 younger 20 age
21 or 22 lower
21 or 26 fsh
22 lower 23 day
22 lower 25 3
24 - 25 3

serum tage correlated positively with leptin ( r = 0.51 ) , bmi , low - density lipoprotein , triglyceride , glucose , homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance and insulin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 serum 2 tage
2 tage 3 correlated
2 tage 5 with
2 tage 12 ,
3 correlated 4 positively
5 with 6 leptin
6 leptin 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 r 9 =
9 = 10 0.51
9 = 11 )
12 , 13 bmi
12 , 14 ,
14 , 29 resistance
14 , 30 and
15 low 18 lipoprotein
15 low 27 -
15 low 28 insulin
16 - 18 lipoprotein
17 density 18 lipoprotein
18 lipoprotein 20 triglyceride
18 lipoprotein 26 assessment
18 lipoprotein 27 -
19 , 20 triglyceride
20 triglyceride 22 glucose
20 triglyceride 23 ,
21 , 22 glucose
22 glucose 23 ,
23 , 26 assessment
24 homeostasis 25 model
25 model 26 assessment
26 assessment 27 -
28 insulin 29 resistance
30 and 31 insulin

conclusions : serum tage and ff pent accumulations correlated highly with poor follicular and embryonic development and with [a] lower likelihood of ongoing pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 tage
3 serum 4 tage
5 and 8 accumulations
5 and 9 correlated
6 ff 7 pent
7 pent 8 accumulations
8 accumulations 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 highly
9 correlated 17 and
11 with 16 development
11 with 17 and
12 poor 16 development
13 follicular 14 and
14 and 15 embryonic
14 and 16 development
17 and 18 with
18 with 21 likelihood
20 lower 21 likelihood
21 likelihood 22 of
22 of 24 pregnancy
23 ongoing 24 pregnancy

serum tage predicts poor art outcomes independent of age and day - 3 fsh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 serum 2 tage
2 tage 3 predicts
3 predicts 14 fsh
4 poor 14 fsh
5 art 14 fsh
6 outcomes 14 fsh
7 independent 8 of
7 independent 10 and
8 of 9 age
10 and 11 day
10 and 12 -
10 and 14 fsh
13 3 14 fsh

background : conflicting results have been reported regarding the use of polarized microscopy as a predictive tool for human oocyte quality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 conflicting
3 conflicting 4 results
3 conflicting 6 been
3 conflicting 7 reported
3 conflicting 8 regarding
4 results 5 have
5 have 6 been
8 regarding 10 use
8 regarding 14 as
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 13 microscopy
12 polarized 13 microscopy
14 as 17 tool
15 a 16 predictive
15 a 17 tool
16 predictive 17 tool
17 tool 18 for
18 for 21 quality
19 human 21 quality
20 oocyte 21 quality

methods : oocytes from 121 icsi cycles were analysed with polarized microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 oocytes
2 : 9 analysed
2 : 13 .
3 oocytes 4 from
3 oocytes 8 were
4 from 7 cycles
5 121 7 cycles
6 icsi 7 cycles
8 were 9 analysed
9 analysed 10 with
10 with 12 microscopy
11 polarized 12 microscopy

both qualitative ( spindle presence ) [and] quantitative ( retardance ) data were correlated to the key assisted reproduction technology outcome parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 both 12 data
2 qualitative 5 presence
2 qualitative 12 data
3 ( 5 presence
4 spindle 5 presence
5 presence 6 )
8 quantitative 10 retardance
8 quantitative 11 )
8 quantitative 12 data
9 ( 10 retardance
10 retardance 11 )
12 data 13 were
13 were 14 correlated
14 correlated 15 to
15 to 22 parameters
16 the 22 parameters
17 key 18 assisted
18 assisted 19 reproduction
19 reproduction 22 parameters
20 technology 22 parameters
21 outcome 22 parameters

second , polarized microscopy [was] applied [on] in vitro [matured] ( ivm ) oocytes from germinal vesicle oocytes that matured after 24 or 48 h and from metaphase i oocytes matured after 3 or 24 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 microscopy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 oocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 4 microscopy
3 polarized 4 microscopy
4 microscopy 6 applied
4 microscopy 12 ivm
4 microscopy 14 oocytes
6 applied 9 vitro
8 in 9 vitro
11 ( 12 ivm
12 ivm 13 )
14 oocytes 15 from
15 from 18 oocytes
16 germinal 17 vesicle
17 vesicle 18 oocytes
18 oocytes 19 that
18 oocytes 20 matured
19 that 20 matured
20 matured 21 after
21 after 25 h
22 24 23 or
23 or 24 48
23 or 25 h
26 and 30 oocytes
26 and 31 matured
27 from 28 metaphase
27 from 30 oocytes
28 metaphase 29 i
30 oocytes 31 matured
31 matured 32 after
32 after 36 h
33 3 34 or
34 or 35 24
34 or 36 h

these data were correlated with confocal analysis [of] [spindle] - chromosome complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
5 with 7 analysis
6 confocal 7 analysis
10 - 12 complex
10 - 13 .
11 chromosome 12 complex

results : spindles were detected in 82 % of in [vivo] [matured] oocytes and in 64 % adjacent to the first polar body [(] [pb] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 spindles
2 : 5 detected
2 : 27 )(
3 spindles 4 were
4 were 5 detected
5 detected 14 and
6 in 8 %
6 in 14 and
7 82 8 %
8 % 9 of
9 of 10 in
10 in 13 oocytes
14 and 15 in
15 in 17 %
16 64 17 %
17 % 18 adjacent
18 adjacent 19 to
19 to 23 body
20 the 21 first
20 the 23 body
22 polar 23 body

fertilization [rate] was higher in oocytes with a visible spindle ( p = 0.0002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fertilization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 fertilization 3 was
3 was 4 higher
4 higher 5 in
4 higher 7 with
5 in 6 oocytes
7 with 10 spindle
8 a 9 visible
8 a 10 spindle
9 visible 10 spindle
10 spindle 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 p 13 =
13 = 14 0.0002
13 = 15 )

in patients aged over 35 years , the percentage of a visible spindle and mean spindle retardance was lower than in younger patients ( p < 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 patients
2 patients 3 aged
3 aged 6 years
4 over 5 35
5 35 6 years
7 , 14 and
8 the 9 percentage
9 percentage 10 of
9 percentage 14 and
10 of 13 spindle
11 a 12 visible
11 a 13 spindle
12 visible 13 spindle
14 and 15 mean
14 and 17 retardance
14 and 19 lower
14 and 26 <
16 spindle 17 retardance
17 retardance 18 was
18 was 19 lower
19 lower 20 than
20 than 21 in
21 in 23 patients
22 younger 23 patients
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.03
26 < 28 )

a higher number of spindles [were] located adjacent to the first [pb] in ivm [matured] oocytes ( 94 % ) [versus] in vivo matured oocytes ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 spindles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 matured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 3 number
2 higher 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 5 spindles
4 of 5 spindles
5 spindles 7 located
5 spindles 24 matured
7 located 8 adjacent
8 adjacent 9 to
8 adjacent 13 in
9 to 11 first
10 the 11 first
13 in 16 oocytes
14 ivm 16 oocytes
16 oocytes 19 %
17 ( 19 %
18 94 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 in 23 vivo
23 vivo 24 matured
24 matured 25 oocytes
25 oocytes 28 <
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.0001
28 < 30 )

confocal imaging revealed that spindle absent ivm metaphase ii ( mii ) oocytes had a higher degree of aberrant [spindle] and chromosomal configurations versus ivm mii oocytes with a visible spindle ( p = 0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 confocal 2 imaging
2 imaging 3 revealed
2 imaging 4 that
2 imaging 13 oocytes
2 imaging 14 had
4 that 8 metaphase
4 that 13 oocytes
5 spindle 8 metaphase
6 absent 8 metaphase
7 ivm 8 metaphase
8 metaphase 9 ii
8 metaphase 11 mii
8 metaphase 13 oocytes
10 ( 11 mii
11 mii 12 )
14 had 23 configurations
15 a 17 degree
16 higher 17 degree
17 degree 18 of
17 degree 23 configurations
18 of 23 configurations
19 aberrant 21 and
21 and 22 chromosomal
21 and 23 configurations
23 configurations 24 versus
23 configurations 26 mii
23 configurations 27 oocytes
23 configurations 34 =
24 versus 25 ivm
26 mii 27 oocytes
27 oocytes 28 with
28 with 31 spindle
29 a 30 visible
29 a 31 spindle
30 visible 31 spindle
32 ( 34 =
33 p 34 =
34 = 35 0.002
34 = 36 )

conclusions : oocytes with absent spindles were associated with lower fertilization rates and advanced female age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 oocytes
3 oocytes 4 with
4 with 6 spindles
5 absent 6 spindles
6 spindles 13 and
7 were 8 associated
7 were 13 and
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 rates
10 lower 11 fertilization
11 fertilization 12 rates
13 and 14 advanced
13 and 16 age
15 female 16 age

other important outcome parameters ( embryo quality , pregnancy rates ) were not correlated to spindle [nor] zona inner layer analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 other 4 parameters
2 important 3 outcome
3 outcome 4 parameters
4 parameters 7 quality
4 parameters 10 rates
4 parameters 12 were
5 ( 7 quality
6 embryo 7 quality
7 quality 8 ,
8 , 10 rates
9 pregnancy 10 rates
10 rates 11 )
12 were 13 not
12 were 15 to
13 not 14 correlated
15 to 21 analysis
16 spindle 21 analysis
18 zona 21 analysis
19 inner 20 layer
20 layer 21 analysis

interestingly , confocal imaging showed that polarized microscopy might be used as a qualitative predictive tool of human oocyte quality but no correlation could be demonstrated with quantitative polarized microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 4 imaging
3 confocal 4 imaging
4 imaging 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 8 microscopy
6 that 11 used
7 polarized 8 microscopy
8 microscopy 9 might
9 might 10 be
10 be 11 used
11 used 12 as
12 as 16 tool
13 a 14 qualitative
13 a 16 tool
14 qualitative 16 tool
15 predictive 16 tool
16 tool 17 of
17 of 20 quality
18 human 20 quality
19 oocyte 20 quality
21 but 23 correlation
21 but 26 demonstrated
22 no 23 correlation
23 correlation 24 could
24 could 25 be
25 be 26 demonstrated
26 demonstrated 27 with
27 with 30 microscopy
28 quantitative 30 microscopy
29 polarized 30 microscopy

objective : the effect of local immunotherapy with bacille calmette - guérin in elderly patients [with] [non] - muscle - invasive bladder cancer has not yet been fully evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 effect
2 : 29 evaluated
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 8 with
4 effect 24 has
5 of 7 immunotherapy
6 local 7 immunotherapy
8 with 23 cancer
9 bacille 23 cancer
10 calmette 12 guérin
10 calmette 19 muscle
10 calmette 23 cancer
11 - 12 guérin
12 guérin 13 in
12 guérin 18 -
13 in 15 patients
14 elderly 15 patients
18 - 19 muscle
19 muscle 20 -
21 invasive 22 bladder
22 bladder 23 cancer
24 has 25 not
24 has 27 been
26 yet 27 been
27 been 28 fully
27 been 29 evaluated

the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether patients ' age influences the response to bacille calmette - guérin treatment for the prevention of tumor recurrence and whether the side effects were tolerable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 bacille
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 10 whether
9 evaluate 17 to
10 whether 13 age
10 whether 14 influences
11 patients 12 '
12 ' 13 age
13 age 14 influences
14 influences 16 response
15 the 16 response
17 to 18 bacille
18 bacille 19 calmette
20 - 29 and
20 - 34 were
20 - 36 .
21 guérin 22 treatment
22 treatment 23 for
22 treatment 29 and
23 for 25 prevention
24 the 25 prevention
25 prevention 26 of
26 of 28 recurrence
27 tumor 28 recurrence
29 and 30 whether
29 and 32 side
29 and 33 effects
29 and 34 were
31 the 32 side
32 side 33 effects
34 were 35 tolerable

methods : we reviewed 1252 cases [with] [non] - muscle - invasive bladder cancer treated with transurethral bladder tumor resection , and 447 cases who underwent bacille calmette - guérin immunotherapy were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 reviewed
2 : 11 -
2 : 29 -
3 we 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 6 cases
5 1252 6 cases
6 cases 10 muscle
9 - 10 muscle
10 muscle 11 -
11 - 14 cancer
11 - 15 treated
11 - 22 and
12 invasive 14 cancer
13 bladder 14 cancer
14 cancer 15 treated
15 treated 16 with
16 with 20 resection
17 transurethral 20 resection
18 bladder 20 resection
19 tumor 20 resection
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 cases
22 and 27 bacille
23 447 24 cases
24 cases 25 who
24 cases 26 underwent
24 cases 27 bacille
25 who 26 underwent
27 bacille 28 calmette
29 - 31 immunotherapy
29 - 33 included
30 guérin 31 immunotherapy
31 immunotherapy 32 were
32 were 33 included

the associations between patient age or pathological findings and tumor recurrence were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 between
2 associations 6 or
3 between 5 age
4 patient 5 age
6 or 8 findings
6 or 9 and
7 pathological 8 findings
9 and 11 recurrence
9 and 12 were
10 tumor 11 recurrence
12 were 13 determined

side effects were classified as minor or major and were analyzed on the basis of their incidences in each age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 side 2 effects
2 effects 7 or
3 were 4 classified
3 were 7 or
4 classified 6 minor
5 as 6 minor
7 or 9 and
7 or 12 on
8 major 9 and
9 and 10 were
10 were 11 analyzed
12 on 14 basis
13 the 14 basis
14 basis 15 of
15 of 17 incidences
16 their 17 incidences
17 incidences 18 in
18 in 21 group
19 each 21 group
20 age 21 group

results : the patients were divided into four age categories [:] younger than 55 ( n= 86 ) , 55 - 64 ( n = 143 ) , 65 - 74 ( n = 132 ) and equal or older than 75 years ( n = 86 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 4 patients
2 : 6 divided
3 the 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 divided
6 divided 7 into
6 divided 39 or
6 divided 41 than
6 divided 46 =
7 into 8 four
9 age 10 categories
10 categories 12 younger
10 categories 37 and
12 younger 13 than
12 younger 21 -
12 younger 30 -
12 younger 34 =
13 than 14 55
14 55 16 n=
15 ( 16 n=
16 n= 17 86
16 n= 18 )
19 , 21 -
20 55 21 -
21 - 22 64
21 - 28 ,
22 64 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 n 25 =
25 = 26 143
25 = 27 )
29 65 30 -
30 - 31 74
32 ( 34 =
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 132
34 = 36 )
37 and 38 equal
37 and 39 or
39 or 40 older
41 than 43 years
42 75 43 years
44 ( 46 =
45 n 46 =
46 = 47 86
46 = 48 )

the kaplan - meier curves of recurrence - free survival rates demonstrated that patients aged 55 - 64 had been continuously [tumor] - free than the equal or older than 75 group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 kaplan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 kaplan
3 - 5 curves
3 - 8 -
4 meier 5 curves
5 curves 6 of
6 of 7 recurrence
8 - 9 free
9 free 10 survival
9 free 24 free
9 free 25 than
10 survival 15 aged
11 rates 12 demonstrated
12 demonstrated 13 that
13 that 14 patients
13 that 15 aged
14 patients 15 aged
15 aged 16 55
15 aged 23 -
16 55 18 64
16 55 20 been
17 - 18 64
18 64 19 had
19 had 20 been
20 been 21 continuously
25 than 32 group
26 the 27 equal
27 equal 28 or
28 or 29 older
28 or 32 group
29 older 30 than
30 than 31 75

the presence of previous bladder cancer and grade 3 were independent predictors for tumor recurrence ; however , patients ' age was not selected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 7 and
3 of 6 cancer
4 previous 5 bladder
5 bladder 6 cancer
7 and 8 grade
7 and 10 were
8 grade 9 3
10 were 12 predictors
11 independent 12 predictors
12 predictors 13 for
13 for 15 recurrence
14 tumor 15 recurrence
16 ; 21 age
16 ; 22 was
17 however 18 ,
17 however 21 age
19 patients 20 '
20 ' 21 age
21 age 22 was
22 was 23 not
22 was 24 selected
23 not 24 selected

the incidence of fever was slightly higher and that of cystitis was lower in the younger group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 5 was
3 of 4 fever
5 was 6 slightly
5 was 7 higher
8 and 9 that
8 and 12 was
9 that 10 of
9 that 12 was
10 of 11 cystitis
12 was 13 lower
13 lower 14 in
14 in 17 group
15 the 17 group
16 younger 17 group

conclusions : age does not certainly affect recurrence in patients with bladder cancer treated with bacille calmette - guérin therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 3 age
2 : 7 affect
2 : 18 -
3 age 4 does
4 does 5 not
4 does 7 affect
6 certainly 7 affect
7 affect 8 recurrence
7 affect 9 in
7 affect 11 with
9 in 10 patients
11 with 13 cancer
11 with 17 calmette
12 bladder 13 cancer
13 cancer 14 treated
14 treated 15 with
15 with 16 bacille
18 - 20 therapy
19 guérin 20 therapy

the related side effects in the elderly patients were almost equal to those [in] [the] [younger] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 effects
2 related 3 side
3 side 4 effects
4 effects 5 in
4 effects 9 were
5 in 8 patients
6 the 8 patients
7 elderly 8 patients
9 were 11 equal
10 almost 11 equal
11 equal 12 to
12 to 13 those

with careful monitoring , bacille calmette - guérin therapy is safe even in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 with
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 with 3 monitoring
1 with 10 is
2 careful 3 monitoring
3 monitoring 6 calmette
4 , 6 calmette
5 bacille 6 calmette
6 calmette 7 -
8 guérin 9 therapy
9 therapy 10 is
10 is 11 safe
11 safe 12 even
12 even 13 in
13 in 15 patients
14 elderly 15 patients

background : the evidence for 6 - inch tilt sleeping - head - up ( shu ) , [a] common therapy for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension ( oh ) in older people , is unavailable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 evidence
3 the 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 for
5 for 6 6
7 - 10 sleeping
7 - 35 is
7 - 37 .
8 inch 10 sleeping
9 tilt 10 sleeping
10 sleeping 12 head
10 sleeping 21 therapy
10 sleeping 35 is
11 - 12 head
12 head 13 -
13 - 21 therapy
14 up 16 shu
14 up 18 ,
14 up 21 therapy
15 ( 16 shu
16 shu 17 )
20 common 21 therapy
21 therapy 22 for
21 therapy 34 ,
22 for 24 treatment
23 the 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 of
24 treatment 31 in
25 of 27 hypotension
26 orthostatic 27 hypotension
27 hypotension 29 oh
28 ( 29 oh
29 oh 30 )
31 in 33 people
32 older 33 people
35 is 36 unavailable

objective : to investigate the effects of 6 - inch shu for 6 weeks in community [-] living patients with chronic oh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 10 inch
3 to 4 investigate
3 to 9 -
3 to 10 inch
4 investigate 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 8 6
10 inch 11 shu
10 inch 12 for
10 inch 15 in
10 inch 20 with
12 for 14 weeks
13 6 14 weeks
15 in 19 patients
16 community 18 living
18 living 19 patients
20 with 22 oh
21 chronic 22 oh

design : open labelled randomised controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 trial
2 : 8 .
3 open 7 trial
4 labelled 7 trial
5 randomised 7 trial
6 controlled 7 trial

methods : one hundred patients aged ≥60 with chronic oh were randomised into shu or control groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 5 patients
2 : 12 randomised
2 : 15 or
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 patients
5 patients 6 aged
5 patients 7 ≥60
5 patients 11 were
7 ≥60 8 with
8 with 10 oh
9 chronic 10 oh
11 were 12 randomised
12 randomised 13 into
13 into 14 shu
15 or 16 control
15 or 17 groups
16 control 17 groups

primary outcome measures were mean arterial pressure ( map [ )(and symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
1 primary 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 were
4 were 7 pressure
5 mean 7 pressure
6 arterial 7 pressure
7 pressure 11 )(and
8 ( 11 )(and
9 map 11 )(and
11 )(and 12 symptoms
11 )(and 13 .

repeated measures of orthostatic haemodynamic parameters ( systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , map , heart [rate] , percentage change of modelflow parameters ) , weight , frequency of dizziness , 24 - h urinary sodium and volume , 24 - h ambulatory blood pressure ( 24 - abpm ) and presence of ankle oedema were collected at baseline and at 6 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 66 .
1 repeated 2 measures
2 measures 3 of
2 measures 27 ,
3 of 6 parameters
4 orthostatic 6 parameters
5 haemodynamic 6 parameters
6 parameters 10 pressure
6 parameters 14 pressure
6 parameters 18 heart
7 ( 10 pressure
8 systolic 9 blood
9 blood 10 pressure
10 pressure 11 ,
11 , 14 pressure
12 diastolic 14 pressure
13 blood 14 pressure
14 pressure 16 map
14 pressure 17 ,
15 , 16 map
16 map 17 ,
17 , 18 heart
18 heart 22 change
18 heart 26 )
20 , 22 change
21 percentage 22 change
22 change 23 of
22 change 26 )
23 of 25 parameters
24 modelflow 25 parameters
27 , 28 weight
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 frequency
29 , 33 ,
30 frequency 31 of
31 of 32 dizziness
33 , 38 sodium
33 , 39 and
34 24 35 -
35 - 36 h
35 - 38 sodium
37 urinary 38 sodium
39 and 40 volume
39 and 47 pressure
39 and 51 abpm
39 and 53 and
41 , 47 pressure
42 24 43 -
43 - 44 h
43 - 47 pressure
45 ambulatory 47 pressure
46 blood 47 pressure
47 pressure 49 24
47 pressure 50 -
48 ( 49 24
49 24 50 -
50 - 51 abpm
51 abpm 52 )
53 and 54 presence
53 and 58 were
54 presence 55 of
55 of 57 oedema
56 ankle 57 oedema
58 were 59 collected
59 collected 62 and
60 at 61 baseline
60 at 62 and
62 and 63 at
63 at 65 weeks
64 6 65 weeks

results : symptoms improved , to a similar extent , in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 symptoms
3 symptoms 4 improved
4 improved 6 to
4 improved 11 in
5 , 6 to
6 to 9 extent
6 to 10 ,
7 a 8 similar
7 a 9 extent
8 similar 9 extent
11 in 13 groups
12 both 13 groups

there were no differences in map or other haemodynamic parameters , weight , urinary volume or 24 - abpm between shu and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
2 were 5 in
3 no 4 differences
5 in 7 or
6 map 7 or
7 or 10 parameters
7 or 12 weight
8 other 10 parameters
9 haemodynamic 10 parameters
11 , 12 weight
12 weight 13 ,
13 , 22 and
14 urinary 15 volume
15 volume 16 or
16 or 19 abpm
16 or 20 between
16 or 22 and
17 24 19 abpm
18 - 19 abpm
20 between 21 shu
22 and 23 controls

shu were more likely to have leg oedema . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 shu
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 shu 2 were
2 were 4 likely
3 more 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 6 have
5 to 6 have
6 have 8 oedema
7 leg 8 oedema

conclusions : these findings suggested that shu at 6 inches has no additional effects on symptoms or haemodynamic parameters at 6 weeks than existing [non] - pharmacological measures in older patients with oh . 
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 15 on
2 : 20 at
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggested
4 findings 6 that
6 that 7 shu
6 that 11 has
7 shu 8 at
7 shu 11 has
8 at 10 inches
9 6 10 inches
11 has 14 effects
12 no 14 effects
13 additional 14 effects
15 on 17 or
16 symptoms 17 or
17 or 19 parameters
18 haemodynamic 19 parameters
20 at 22 weeks
21 6 22 weeks
22 weeks 24 existing
22 weeks 28 measures
23 than 24 existing
26 - 28 measures
27 pharmacological 28 measures
28 measures 29 in
28 measures 32 with
28 measures 34 .
29 in 31 patients
30 older 31 patients
32 with 33 oh

its use in this group should therefore be discouraged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 its 2 use
2 use 3 in
2 use 6 should
3 in 5 group
4 this 5 group
6 should 8 be
7 therefore 8 be
8 be 9 discouraged

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is generally considered to be a disorder primarily affecting memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 8 generally
7 is 9 considered
9 considered 10 to
9 considered 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 13 disorder
12 a 13 disorder
13 disorder 15 affecting
14 primarily 15 affecting
15 affecting 16 memory

it is increasingly recognized that the clinical presentation or " cognitive phenotype " is variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 recognized
3 increasingly 4 recognized
4 recognized 5 that
5 that 9 or
5 that 14 is
6 the 8 presentation
7 clinical 8 presentation
8 presentation 9 or
9 or 10 "
9 or 12 phenotype
9 or 14 is
11 cognitive 12 phenotype
12 phenotype 13 "
14 is 15 variable

the apolipoprotein e ε4 ( apoe ε4 ) allele has been associated with an amnestic presentation , but does not appear to fully explain the high prevalence of family history within this group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 allele
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 9 allele
2 apolipoprotein 3 e
2 apolipoprotein 9 allele
4 ε4 7 ε4
4 ε4 9 allele
5 ( 7 ε4
6 apoe 7 ε4
7 ε4 8 )
9 allele 18 but
10 has 11 been
10 has 18 but
11 been 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 16 presentation
14 an 15 amnestic
14 an 16 presentation
15 amnestic 16 presentation
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 does
19 does 20 not
19 does 21 appear
21 appear 22 to
21 appear 24 explain
22 to 24 explain
23 fully 24 explain
24 explain 27 prevalence
24 explain 31 within
25 the 27 prevalence
26 high 27 prevalence
27 prevalence 28 of
28 of 30 history
29 family 30 history
31 within 33 group
32 this 33 group

we examined polymorphisms in the genes ace and ide in relation to [cognitive] phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 polymorphisms
2 examined 4 in
2 examined 10 in
4 in 8 and
5 the 6 genes
6 genes 7 ace
7 ace 8 and
8 and 9 ide
10 in 11 relation
11 relation 12 to
11 relation 14 phenotype
12 to 14 phenotype

in this study 276 participants with ad were categorized into 1 of 4 cognitive phenotype classifications : typical , amnestic , language , and posterior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 categorized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 5 participants
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 276
5 participants 6 with
5 participants 8 were
6 with 7 ad
8 were 9 categorized
9 categorized 10 into
10 into 11 1
11 1 12 of
12 of 16 classifications
13 4 16 classifications
14 cognitive 16 classifications
15 phenotype 16 classifications
17 : 24 and
18 typical 19 ,
18 typical 22 language
20 amnestic 21 ,
20 amnestic 22 language
22 language 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 posterior

family history and possession of the apoe ε4 allele were most prevalent in the amnestic group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 family 2 history
2 history 3 and
3 and 4 possession
3 and 5 of
3 and 12 prevalent
5 of 7 apoe
6 the 7 apoe
7 apoe 9 allele
7 apoe 10 were
8 ε4 9 allele
9 allele 10 were
11 most 12 prevalent
12 prevalent 13 in
13 in 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 amnestic 16 group

of the 10 genetic variants of ide , and the 3 genetic variants of ace studied , only acers4291 and acers1800764 were nominally associated with the amnestic presentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 variants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 of 3 10
1 of 5 variants
2 the 3 10
4 genetic 5 variants
5 variants 6 of
5 variants 14 of
5 variants 16 studied
6 of 9 and
7 ide 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 13 variants
10 the 11 3
11 3 13 variants
12 genetic 13 variants
14 of 15 ace
17 , 18 only
17 , 24 associated
18 only 20 and
19 acers4291 20 and
20 and 21 acers1800764
20 and 22 were
22 were 23 nominally
22 were 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 28 presentation
26 the 28 presentation
27 amnestic 28 presentation

frontotemporal lobar degeneration with neuronal inclusions containing tar dna binding protein 43 ( tdp - 43 ) is associated in most cases with null - mutations in the progranulin gene ( pgrn ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 frontotemporal 3 degeneration
2 lobar 3 degeneration
3 degeneration 4 with
3 degeneration 7 containing
3 degeneration 16 43
3 degeneration 18 is
4 with 6 inclusions
5 neuronal 6 inclusions
7 containing 9 dna
8 tar 9 dna
9 dna 10 binding
10 binding 11 protein
11 protein 12 43
11 protein 14 tdp
13 ( 14 tdp
14 tdp 15 -
15 - 16 43
16 43 17 )
18 is 19 associated
19 associated 20 in
19 associated 23 with
20 in 22 cases
21 most 22 cases
23 with 26 mutations
24 null 25 -
24 null 26 mutations
26 mutations 27 in
27 in 30 gene
28 the 30 gene
29 progranulin 30 gene
30 gene 32 pgrn
31 ( 32 pgrn
32 pgrn 33 )

while the mechanisms by which pgrn haploinsufficiency leads to neurodegeneration remained speculative , increasing evidence support the hypothesis that cell cycle reentry of postmitotic neurons precedes many instances of neuronal death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 while 3 mechanisms
1 while 16 support
2 the 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 by
4 by 5 which
4 by 6 pgrn
4 by 11 remained
6 pgrn 7 haploinsufficiency
6 pgrn 8 leads
6 pgrn 11 remained
7 haploinsufficiency 8 leads
8 leads 9 to
9 to 10 neurodegeneration
11 remained 15 evidence
12 speculative 13 ,
12 speculative 15 evidence
14 increasing 15 evidence
16 support 18 hypothesis
17 the 18 hypothesis
18 hypothesis 19 that
18 hypothesis 26 precedes
19 that 22 reentry
19 that 26 precedes
20 cell 22 reentry
21 cycle 22 reentry
22 reentry 23 of
22 reentry 26 precedes
23 of 25 neurons
24 postmitotic 25 neurons
26 precedes 28 instances
27 many 28 instances
28 instances 29 of
29 of 31 death
30 neuronal 31 death

based in the mitogenic and neurotrophic activities of pgrn , we hypothesized that pgrn deficit may induce cell cycle disturbances and alterations in neuronal vulnerability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 based 2 in
1 based 10 ,
1 based 11 we
2 in 7 activities
3 the 7 activities
4 mitogenic 5 and
5 and 6 neurotrophic
5 and 7 activities
7 activities 8 of
8 of 9 pgrn
11 we 12 hypothesized
12 hypothesized 15 deficit
12 hypothesized 17 induce
13 that 15 deficit
14 pgrn 15 deficit
15 deficit 16 may
16 may 17 induce
17 induce 21 and
17 induce 23 in
18 cell 19 cycle
19 cycle 20 disturbances
20 disturbances 21 and
21 and 22 alterations
23 in 25 vulnerability
24 neuronal 25 vulnerability

because cell cycle dysfunction is not restricted to neurons , we studied the influence of pgrn haploinsufficiency , on cell cycle control in peripheral cells from patients suffering from frontotemporal dementia , bearing the pgrn mutation c.709 - 1g>a . here we show that progranulin deficit increased cell cycle activity in immortalized lymphocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 1g>a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 because 4 dysfunction
1 because 5 is
1 because 10 ,
1 because 11 we
2 cell 4 dysfunction
3 cycle 4 dysfunction
4 dysfunction 5 is
5 is 6 not
5 is 8 to
6 not 7 restricted
8 to 9 neurons
11 we 12 studied
12 studied 14 influence
13 the 14 influence
14 influence 15 of
15 of 17 haploinsufficiency
16 pgrn 17 haploinsufficiency
17 haploinsufficiency 19 on
18 , 19 on
19 on 22 control
19 on 38 -
20 cell 22 control
21 cycle 22 control
22 control 23 in
22 control 33 bearing
23 in 25 cells
24 peripheral 25 cells
25 cells 26 from
25 cells 28 suffering
26 from 27 patients
28 suffering 29 from
29 from 31 dementia
30 frontotemporal 31 dementia
32 , 33 bearing
33 bearing 37 c.709
33 bearing 38 -
34 the 37 c.709
35 pgrn 36 mutation
36 mutation 37 c.709
38 - 39 1g>a
40 . 42 we
40 . 43 show
40 . 54 .
41 here 42 we
42 we 43 show
43 show 46 deficit
43 show 47 increased
44 that 46 deficit
45 progranulin 46 deficit
46 deficit 47 increased
47 increased 50 activity
47 increased 51 in
48 cell 49 cycle
49 cycle 50 activity
51 in 53 lymphocytes
52 immortalized 53 lymphocytes

this effect was associated with increased levels of cyclin - dependent kinase 6 ( cdk6 ) and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein ( prb ) , resulting in [a] g ( 1 )/s regulatory failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
1 this 2 effect
2 effect 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 17 and
5 with 26 resulting
6 increased 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
7 levels 17 and
8 of 9 cyclin
9 cyclin 12 kinase
10 - 12 kinase
11 dependent 12 kinase
12 kinase 13 6
12 kinase 15 cdk6
12 kinase 16 )
14 ( 15 cdk6
15 cdk6 16 )
17 and 18 phosphorylation
17 and 25 ,
18 phosphorylation 19 of
19 of 21 protein
20 retinoblastoma 21 protein
21 protein 23 prb
22 ( 23 prb
23 prb 24 )
26 resulting 27 in
26 resulting 34 failure
27 in 29 g
30 ( 34 failure
31 1 34 failure
32 )/s 34 failure
33 regulatory 34 failure
34 failure 35 .

a loss [of] function of tdp - 43 repressing cdk6 expression may result from altered subcellular tdp - 43 distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
1 a 2 loss
1 a 4 function
2 loss 4 function
4 function 5 of
4 function 15 altered
5 of 6 tdp
6 tdp 8 43
6 tdp 14 from
7 - 8 43
8 43 9 repressing
8 43 12 may
9 repressing 11 expression
10 cdk6 11 expression
12 may 13 result
13 result 14 from
15 altered 17 tdp
16 subcellular 17 tdp
18 - 20 distribution
18 - 21 .
19 43 20 distribution

the distinct functional features of lymphoblastoid cells from c.709 - 1 g>a carriers offer an invaluable , noninvasive tool to investigate the etiopathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 features
2 distinct 4 features
3 functional 4 features
4 features 5 of
4 features 21 investigate
5 of 7 cells
6 lymphoblastoid 7 cells
7 cells 8 from
8 from 9 c.709
9 c.709 13 carriers
9 c.709 20 to
10 - 11 1
11 1 13 carriers
12 g>a 13 carriers
13 carriers 14 offer
14 offer 19 tool
14 offer 20 to
15 an 16 invaluable
15 an 19 tool
16 invaluable 17 ,
16 invaluable 19 tool
18 noninvasive 19 tool
21 investigate 23 etiopathogenesis
22 the 23 etiopathogenesis
23 etiopathogenesis 24 of
24 of 27 degeneration
25 frontotemporal 27 degeneration
26 lobar 27 degeneration

ten percent to 15 % of all human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy are characterized by a mutation [in] prion protein gene ( prnp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 ten 2 percent
2 percent 3 to
2 percent 12 are
3 to 5 %
4 15 5 %
5 % 6 of
6 of 11 encephalopathy
7 all 11 encephalopathy
8 human 11 encephalopathy
9 transmissible 11 encephalopathy
10 spongiform 11 encephalopathy
12 are 13 characterized
13 characterized 14 by
14 by 20 gene
15 a 16 mutation
15 a 20 gene
16 mutation 20 gene
18 prion 19 protein
19 protein 20 gene
20 gene 22 prnp
21 ( 22 prnp
22 prnp 23 )

they are distinct with respect to clinical signs , disease onset , disease duration , and diagnostic findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 distinct
3 distinct 4 with
3 distinct 6 to
4 with 5 respect
6 to 16 and
7 clinical 8 signs
8 signs 9 ,
9 , 11 onset
9 , 12 ,
10 disease 11 onset
12 , 14 duration
12 , 16 and
13 disease 14 duration
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 findings
17 diagnostic 18 findings

during our surveillance activities in germany , we identified 7 patients with the rare mutation e196k in prnp gene , [thereof] 4 patients belonging to 2 families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
1 during 4 activities
1 during 7 ,
1 during 8 we
2 our 4 activities
3 surveillance 4 activities
4 activities 5 in
5 in 6 germany
8 we 9 identified
9 identified 11 patients
9 identified 12 with
10 7 11 patients
12 with 19 gene
13 the 19 gene
14 rare 15 mutation
15 mutation 19 gene
16 e196k 17 in
16 e196k 19 gene
17 in 18 prnp
19 gene 23 patients
20 , 23 patients
22 4 23 patients
23 patients 24 belonging
23 patients 28 .
24 belonging 25 to
25 to 27 families
26 2 27 families

the clinical syndromes were characterized by nonspecific and psychiatric symptoms at disease [onset] and progressed to predominant motor signs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 syndromes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 syndromes
2 clinical 3 syndromes
3 syndromes 14 and
4 were 5 characterized
4 were 14 and
5 characterized 6 by
5 characterized 11 at
6 by 10 symptoms
7 nonspecific 8 and
8 and 9 psychiatric
8 and 10 symptoms
11 at 12 disease
14 and 15 progressed
14 and 16 to
16 to 19 signs
17 predominant 18 motor
18 motor 19 signs

these patients showed a late median disease onset of 71 years and short disease duration of 6.5 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 patients
2 patients 3 showed
3 showed 8 onset
3 showed 12 and
4 a 5 late
4 a 8 onset
5 late 6 median
6 median 8 onset
7 disease 8 onset
8 onset 9 of
9 of 11 years
10 71 11 years
12 and 14 disease
12 and 15 duration
13 short 14 disease
15 duration 16 of
16 of 18 months
17 6.5 18 months

in absence [of] family history , they mimicked sporadic creutzfeldt - jakob disease ( cjd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mimicked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 5 history
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 they
2 absence 5 history
4 family 5 history
7 they 8 mimicked
8 mimicked 10 creutzfeldt
9 sporadic 10 creutzfeldt
10 creutzfeldt 13 disease
11 - 13 disease
12 jakob 13 disease
13 disease 15 cjd
13 disease 16 )
14 ( 15 cjd
15 cjd 16 )

in clinical tests they were 100 % positive for 14 - 3 - 3 protein detection in cerebrospinal fluid and less sensitive for magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) and electroencephalogram ( eeg ) abnormalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 in 3 tests
1 in 4 they
2 clinical 3 tests
4 they 5 were
5 were 7 %
6 100 7 %
7 % 8 positive
8 positive 9 for
9 for 11 -
10 14 11 -
11 - 12 3
13 - 30 and
13 - 36 .
14 3 16 detection
15 protein 16 detection
16 detection 17 in
16 detection 30 and
17 in 26 imaging
18 cerebrospinal 26 imaging
19 fluid 20 and
20 and 21 less
20 and 22 sensitive
20 and 26 imaging
22 sensitive 23 for
23 for 25 resonance
24 magnetic 25 resonance
26 imaging 28 mri
27 ( 28 mri
28 mri 29 )
30 and 35 abnormalities
31 electroencephalogram 33 eeg
31 electroencephalogram 34 )
31 electroencephalogram 35 abnormalities
32 ( 33 eeg
33 eeg 34 )

as a secondary magnetic [resonance] [imaging] ( mri ) abnormality , we have seen conspicuous common involvement of the subcortical white matter in 57 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 as 10 abnormality
1 as 11 ,
1 as 12 we
2 a 3 secondary
2 a 10 abnormality
3 secondary 10 abnormality
4 magnetic 8 mri
4 magnetic 10 abnormality
7 ( 8 mri
8 mri 9 )
12 we 13 have
13 have 14 seen
14 seen 17 involvement
14 seen 23 in
15 conspicuous 17 involvement
16 common 17 involvement
17 involvement 18 of
18 of 22 matter
19 the 22 matter
20 subcortical 22 matter
21 white 22 matter
23 in 25 %
24 57 25 %

four patients underwent autopsy - pathological lesions revealed striking similarity to sporadic creutzfeldt - jakob disease but also involvement of the white matter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 four 2 patients
2 patients 3 underwent
3 underwent 10 similarity
3 underwent 11 to
4 autopsy 10 similarity
5 - 8 revealed
6 pathological 7 lesions
7 lesions 8 revealed
8 revealed 9 striking
9 striking 10 similarity
11 to 13 creutzfeldt
12 sporadic 13 creutzfeldt
14 - 16 disease
15 jakob 16 disease
16 disease 17 but
17 but 18 also
17 but 19 involvement
19 involvement 20 of
20 of 23 matter
21 the 23 matter
22 white 23 matter

possession of the apoe - ε4 allele is the best established genetic risk factor for sporadic alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , while the ε2 allele may confer protection against the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 allele
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 possession 7 allele
2 of 4 apoe
2 of 5 -
2 of 7 allele
3 the 4 apoe
6 ε4 7 allele
7 allele 8 is
8 is 14 factor
9 the 10 best
9 the 14 factor
11 established 14 factor
12 genetic 14 factor
13 risk 14 factor
14 factor 15 for
14 factor 21 ad
15 for 19 disease
16 sporadic 17 alzheimer
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease
20 ( 21 ad
21 ad 22 )
23 , 27 allele
23 , 29 confer
24 while 26 ε2
24 while 27 allele
25 the 26 ε2
27 allele 28 may
28 may 29 confer
29 confer 30 protection
30 protection 31 against
31 against 33 disease
32 the 33 disease

previous functional magnetic resonance imaging [(] fmri ) studies have shown an effect of apoe [genotype] on brain [function] , typically by comparing only ε4 carriers with noncarriers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 shown
1 previous 4 resonance
2 functional 4 resonance
3 magnetic 4 resonance
4 resonance 9 studies
5 imaging 9 studies
7 fmri 8 )
7 fmri 9 studies
9 studies 10 have
10 have 11 shown
11 shown 13 effect
12 an 13 effect
13 effect 14 of
14 of 15 apoe
15 apoe 17 on
17 on 18 brain
18 brain 22 by
20 , 21 typically
20 , 22 by
22 by 23 comparing
22 by 29 .
23 comparing 24 only
23 comparing 26 carriers
23 comparing 27 with
25 ε4 26 carriers
27 with 28 noncarriers

here we included a wide range of [genotype] groups to determine how closely the effects of apoe on brain [function] are related to differences in relative risk for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 included
3 included 6 range
3 included 10 to
4 a 5 wide
4 a 6 range
5 wide 6 range
6 range 7 of
7 of 9 groups
10 to 11 determine
11 determine 12 how
12 how 13 closely
13 closely 15 effects
13 closely 22 related
14 the 15 effects
15 effects 16 of
15 effects 21 are
16 of 17 apoe
17 apoe 18 on
18 on 19 brain
21 are 22 related
22 related 23 to
22 related 28 for
23 to 24 differences
24 differences 25 in
25 in 27 risk
26 relative 27 risk
28 for 29 ad

we used functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) to compare the pattern of activation during an episodic encoding task and during a counting stroop task in 76 adults , aged 32 to 55 , with different apoe [genotypes] ( 23 ε2/ε3 , 20 ε3/ε3 , 26 ε3/ε4 , and 7 ε4/ε4 ) . 
1 we 30 ,
2 used 6 imaging
2 used 10 to
2 used 11 compare
2 used 30 ,
3 functional 5 resonance
4 magnetic 5 resonance
5 resonance 6 imaging
6 imaging 8 fmri
7 ( 8 fmri
8 fmri 9 )
10 to 11 compare
11 compare 13 pattern
12 the 13 pattern
13 pattern 14 of
13 pattern 21 and
14 of 15 activation
16 during 20 task
16 during 21 and
17 an 20 task
18 episodic 19 encoding
19 encoding 20 task
21 and 22 during
22 during 26 task
23 a 26 task
24 counting 26 task
25 stroop 26 task
26 task 27 in
27 in 29 adults
28 76 29 adults
30 , 31 aged
31 aged 33 to
31 aged 36 with
32 32 33 to
33 to 34 55
35 , 36 with
36 with 38 apoe
36 with 50 and
36 with 54 .
37 different 38 apoe
38 apoe 42 ε2/ε3
38 apoe 45 ε3/ε3
40 ( 42 ε2/ε3
41 23 42 ε2/ε3
42 ε2/ε3 43 ,
43 , 45 ε3/ε3
44 20 45 ε3/ε3
45 ε3/ε3 46 ,
47 26 48 ε3/ε4
48 ε3/ε4 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 52 ε4/ε4
50 and 53 )
51 7 52 ε4/ε4

strikingly , [participants] with an increased risk ( ε4 carriers ) and with a decreased risk ( ε2 carriers ) for ad both showed increased activation , relative to ε3 homozygotes , during both tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 strikingly 2 ,
1 strikingly 23 both
4 with 7 risk
4 with 12 and
5 an 7 risk
6 increased 7 risk
7 risk 10 carriers
8 ( 10 carriers
9 ε4 10 carriers
10 carriers 11 )
12 and 13 with
12 and 20 )
12 and 23 both
13 with 16 risk
14 a 16 risk
15 decreased 16 risk
16 risk 19 carriers
17 ( 19 carriers
18 ε2 19 carriers
19 carriers 20 )
21 for 22 ad
21 for 23 both
23 both 24 showed
24 showed 26 activation
24 showed 33 during
25 increased 26 activation
26 activation 28 relative
27 , 28 relative
28 relative 29 to
28 relative 32 ,
29 to 31 homozygotes
30 ε3 31 homozygotes
33 during 35 tasks
34 both 35 tasks

the increased activation was due to decreased deactivation or paradoxical activation of nontask - related regions of the brain , which suggests an intrinsic effect of apoe on the differentiation of functional cortical networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 activation
2 increased 3 activation
3 activation 4 was
4 was 11 activation
5 due 6 to
5 due 9 or
6 to 8 deactivation
7 decreased 8 deactivation
9 or 10 paradoxical
9 or 11 activation
11 activation 12 of
12 of 13 nontask
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 regions
15 related 20 ,
16 regions 17 of
17 of 19 brain
18 the 19 brain
20 , 21 which
20 , 22 suggests
21 which 22 suggests
22 suggests 25 effect
22 suggests 28 on
23 an 24 intrinsic
23 an 25 effect
24 intrinsic 25 effect
25 effect 26 of
26 of 27 apoe
28 on 30 differentiation
29 the 30 differentiation
30 differentiation 31 of
31 of 34 networks
32 functional 34 networks
33 cortical 34 networks

these results question the often assumed link between apoe , the blood oxygenation level dependent ( bold ) response , and ad risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 question
3 question 7 link
3 question 8 between
4 the 7 link
5 often 6 assumed
6 assumed 7 link
8 between 21 and
9 apoe 10 ,
10 , 19 response
10 , 21 and
11 the 19 response
12 blood 19 response
13 oxygenation 19 response
14 level 19 response
15 dependent 17 bold
15 dependent 18 )
15 dependent 19 response
16 ( 17 bold
17 bold 18 )
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 risk
22 ad 23 risk

advanced age is associated with declines in brain structure and in cognitive performance , but it is unclear which aspects of brain aging mediate cognitive declines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 advanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 advanced 2 age
1 advanced 3 is
1 advanced 4 associated
2 age 3 is
4 associated 5 with
5 with 6 declines
6 declines 10 and
7 in 9 structure
7 in 10 and
8 brain 9 structure
10 and 11 in
11 in 13 performance
12 cognitive 13 performance
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 it
15 but 17 is
16 it 17 is
17 is 18 unclear
18 unclear 19 which
19 which 20 aspects
20 aspects 21 of
20 aspects 23 aging
20 aspects 24 mediate
21 of 22 brain
24 mediate 26 declines
25 cognitive 26 declines

we inquired if individual differences in white matter integrity contribute to age differences in two cognitive domains with established vulnerability to aging : executive functioning and speed of processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inquired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 inquired
2 inquired 3 if
2 inquired 11 to
2 inquired 21 to
3 if 5 differences
3 if 10 contribute
4 individual 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 10 contribute
6 in 9 integrity
7 white 8 matter
8 matter 9 integrity
11 to 12 age
12 age 13 differences
13 differences 14 in
13 differences 18 with
14 in 17 domains
15 two 17 domains
16 cognitive 17 domains
18 with 20 vulnerability
19 established 20 vulnerability
21 to 22 aging
23 : 26 and
24 executive 25 functioning
24 executive 26 and
26 and 27 speed
26 and 28 of
28 of 29 processing

the participants were healthy volunteers aged 50 - 81 , some of [whom] [had] elevated blood pressure , a known vascular risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 the 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 5 volunteers
4 healthy 5 volunteers
5 volunteers 6 aged
5 volunteers 17 pressure
6 aged 8 -
7 50 8 -
8 - 9 81
10 , 17 pressure
11 some 12 of
11 some 17 pressure
12 of 17 pressure
15 elevated 16 blood
16 blood 17 pressure
17 pressure 23 factor
17 pressure 24 .
18 , 23 factor
19 a 23 factor
20 known 23 factor
21 vascular 23 factor
22 risk 23 factor
23 factor 24 .

using latent variable analyses , we examined whether age differences in regional white matter integrity mediated age - related differences in executive functions and speed of processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 using 4 analyses
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 we
2 latent 4 analyses
3 variable 4 analyses
6 we 7 examined
7 examined 8 whether
8 whether 10 differences
8 whether 17 age
9 age 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 16 mediated
10 differences 17 age
11 in 15 integrity
12 regional 15 integrity
13 white 15 integrity
14 matter 15 integrity
18 - 19 related
19 related 20 differences
19 related 21 in
21 in 24 and
22 executive 23 functions
23 functions 24 and
24 and 25 speed
24 and 26 of
26 of 27 processing

although diffusion - related latent variables showed stronger age differences than white matter volumes and white matter hyperintensity volumes , only one of them was significantly associated with cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 2 diffusion
1 although 3 -
1 although 6 variables
4 related 6 variables
5 latent 6 variables
6 variables 7 showed
7 showed 9 age
7 showed 10 differences
7 showed 15 and
8 stronger 9 age
10 differences 15 and
11 than 12 white
12 white 14 volumes
12 white 15 and
13 matter 14 volumes
15 and 16 white
16 white 19 volumes
17 matter 19 volumes
18 hyperintensity 19 volumes
20 , 22 one
20 , 27 associated
21 only 22 one
22 one 23 of
22 one 25 was
23 of 24 them
25 was 27 associated
26 significantly 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 30 performance
29 cognitive 30 performance

smaller linear anisotropy partially mediated age - related reduction in speed of processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 anisotropy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
1 smaller 3 anisotropy
2 linear 3 anisotropy
3 anisotropy 5 mediated
4 partially 5 mediated
5 mediated 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 reduction
8 related 10 in
8 related 14 .
10 in 11 speed
11 speed 12 of
12 of 13 processing

the effect [was] significant [in] posterior ( temporal - parietal - occipital [ )(but not anterior [(] frontal [ )( , [and] appeared [stronger] [for] cognitive rather than reaction time measures of processing speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 posterior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 6 posterior
2 effect 6 posterior
4 significant 6 posterior
6 posterior 8 temporal
6 posterior 10 parietal
6 posterior 14 )(but
6 posterior 23 appeared
7 ( 8 temporal
8 temporal 9 -
9 - 10 parietal
10 parietal 11 -
11 - 14 )(but
12 occipital 14 )(but
14 )(but 15 not
14 )(but 18 frontal
14 )(but 21 ,
15 not 16 anterior
23 appeared 26 cognitive
26 cognitive 28 than
27 rather 28 than
28 than 31 measures
29 reaction 31 measures
30 time 31 measures
31 measures 32 of
32 of 34 speed
33 processing 34 speed

the presence of hypertensive participants did not affect the results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 6 did
3 of 5 participants
4 hypertensive 5 participants
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 affect
8 affect 10 results
9 the 10 results

we conclude that in healthy adults , deterioration of axonal integrity and ensuing breech of connectivity may underpin age - related slowing of information processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 related
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 8 deterioration
3 that 18 underpin
4 in 6 adults
4 in 7 ,
4 in 8 deterioration
5 healthy 6 adults
8 deterioration 9 of
8 deterioration 15 of
8 deterioration 17 may
9 of 12 and
10 axonal 11 integrity
11 integrity 12 and
12 and 14 breech
13 ensuing 14 breech
15 of 16 connectivity
17 may 18 underpin
18 underpin 19 age
20 - 21 related
21 related 22 slowing
21 related 26 .
22 slowing 23 of
23 of 25 processing
24 information 25 processing

the pathogenetic role of central serotonin transporters ( sert ) in obsessive - compulsive disorder ( ocd ) has been investigated in vivo by positron emission tomography ( pet ) or single - photon emission computed tomography ( spect ) studies with inconsistent results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 3 role
2 pathogenetic 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 11 in
3 role 17 ocd
3 role 19 has
4 of 7 transporters
5 central 7 transporters
6 serotonin 7 transporters
7 transporters 9 sert
8 ( 9 sert
9 sert 10 )
11 in 15 disorder
12 obsessive 13 -
12 obsessive 15 disorder
14 compulsive 15 disorder
16 ( 17 ocd
17 ocd 18 )
19 has 20 been
20 been 21 investigated
21 investigated 23 vivo
21 investigated 24 by
22 in 23 vivo
24 by 27 tomography
25 positron 27 tomography
26 emission 27 tomography
27 tomography 29 pet
28 ( 29 pet
29 pet 30 )
31 or 35 emission
31 or 36 computed
32 single 33 -
32 single 34 photon
34 photon 35 emission
35 emission 36 computed
36 computed 41 studies
37 tomography 39 spect
37 tomography 40 )
37 tomography 41 studies
38 ( 39 spect
39 spect 40 )
41 studies 42 with
42 with 44 results
43 inconsistent 44 results

this might reflect methodological differences but [possibly] also the pathophysiological heterogeneity of the disorder , i.e . [the] age at onset [of] ocd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 might
2 might 3 reflect
3 reflect 6 but
4 methodological 5 differences
5 differences 6 but
6 but 8 also
6 but 11 heterogeneity
9 the 11 heterogeneity
10 pathophysiological 11 heterogeneity
11 heterogeneity 12 of
12 of 14 disorder
13 the 14 disorder
15 , 16 i.e
17 . 19 age
17 . 24 .
19 age 20 at
20 at 23 ocd
21 onset 23 ocd

the aim of our study was to compare sert availability in patients with ocd to healthy controls ( hc ) taking into account the onset type , other factors and covariates ( e.g [.] sert [genotype] , age , depression level , gender ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 our 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 compare
7 to 8 compare
8 compare 30 and
9 sert 10 availability
10 availability 11 in
10 availability 27 ,
11 in 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
13 with 14 ocd
14 ocd 15 to
14 ocd 21 taking
15 to 17 controls
16 healthy 17 controls
17 controls 19 hc
18 ( 19 hc
19 hc 20 )
21 taking 23 account
21 taking 26 type
22 into 23 account
24 the 26 type
25 onset 26 type
27 , 29 factors
27 , 30 and
28 other 29 factors
30 and 31 covariates
30 and 35 sert
32 ( 35 sert
33 e.g 35 sert
35 sert 38 age
35 sert 44 )
37 , 38 age
38 age 41 level
38 age 44 )
39 , 41 level
40 depression 41 level
41 level 43 gender
41 level 44 )
42 , 43 gender
43 gender 44 )

statistical models indicated that a variety of covariates and their interaction influenced sert availability measured by distribution volume ratios ( dvr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 statistical 2 models
2 models 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 6 variety
4 that 12 influenced
5 a 6 variety
6 variety 7 of
6 variety 12 influenced
7 of 9 and
8 covariates 9 and
9 and 11 interaction
10 their 11 interaction
12 influenced 13 sert
13 sert 14 availability
13 sert 15 measured
14 availability 15 measured
15 measured 16 by
16 by 19 ratios
17 distribution 19 ratios
18 volume 19 ratios
19 ratios 21 dvr
20 ( 21 dvr
21 dvr 22 )

these models revealed significant effects of onset type on dvr with lower values in lo - ocd ( starting at age 18 yr ) compared to eo - ocd and hc in limbic ( e.g [.] [the] amygdala ) , paralimbic brain areas [(] the anterior cingulate cortex [ )(, the nucleus accumbens and striatal regions , as well as borderline significance in the thalamus and the hypothalamus . 
1 these 2 models
2 models 5 effects
2 models 11 with
2 models 12 lower
3 revealed 5 effects
4 significant 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 8 type
6 of 7 onset
8 type 9 on
8 type 11 with
9 on 10 dvr
12 lower 13 values
13 values 14 in
13 values 25 compared
14 in 17 ocd
15 lo 17 ocd
16 - 17 ocd
17 ocd 19 starting
18 ( 19 starting
19 starting 20 at
19 starting 23 yr
19 starting 24 )
20 at 21 age
22 18 23 yr
25 compared 26 to
26 to 31 hc
27 eo 29 ocd
28 - 29 ocd
29 ocd 30 and
30 and 31 hc
31 hc 32 in
32 in 43 areas
33 limbic 38 amygdala
33 limbic 40 ,
33 limbic 42 brain
34 ( 38 amygdala
35 e.g 38 amygdala
38 amygdala 39 )
41 paralimbic 42 brain
42 brain 43 areas
43 areas 46 anterior
43 areas 47 cingulate
45 the 46 anterior
46 anterior 47 cingulate
47 cingulate 58 as
48 cortex 54 and
50 )(, 54 and
51 the 53 accumbens
52 nucleus 53 accumbens
53 accumbens 54 and
54 and 56 regions
54 and 57 ,
55 striatal 56 regions
57 , 58 as
58 as 59 well
58 as 69 .
59 well 60 as
60 as 62 significance
61 borderline 62 significance
62 significance 63 in
63 in 66 and
64 the 65 thalamus
65 thalamus 66 and
66 and 68 hypothalamus
67 the 68 hypothalamus

the putamen , nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus were found with significant interaction between two sert gene polymorphisms ( sert - lpr and vntr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 5 accumbens
2 putamen 3 ,
2 putamen 4 nucleus
4 nucleus 5 accumbens
5 accumbens 6 and
6 and 7 hypothalamus
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 found
9 found 10 with
9 found 13 between
10 with 12 interaction
11 significant 12 interaction
13 between 17 polymorphisms
14 two 17 polymorphisms
15 sert 16 gene
16 gene 17 polymorphisms
17 polymorphisms 22 and
18 ( 22 and
19 sert 21 lpr
20 - 21 lpr
21 lpr 22 and
22 and 23 vntr
22 and 24 )

these findings suggest that late but not early onset of ocd is associated with abnormally low sert availability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 9 onset
3 suggest 13 associated
4 that 9 onset
5 late 6 but
6 but 7 not
6 but 8 early
6 but 9 onset
7 not 8 early
9 onset 10 of
9 onset 12 is
10 of 11 ocd
12 is 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 18 availability
15 abnormally 16 low
16 low 18 availability
17 sert 18 availability

in part , functional polymorphisms of the sert gene might determine the differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 part
3 , 5 polymorphisms
3 , 11 determine
4 functional 5 polymorphisms
5 polymorphisms 6 of
5 polymorphisms 10 might
6 of 9 gene
7 the 9 gene
8 sert 9 gene
10 might 11 determine
11 determine 13 differences
12 the 13 differences

background : trunk asymmetry and vertebral rotation , at times observed in the normal spine , resemble the characteristics of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( ais ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 trunk
3 trunk 5 and
3 trunk 17 resemble
4 asymmetry 5 and
5 and 7 rotation
5 and 9 at
5 and 17 resemble
6 vertebral 7 rotation
8 , 9 at
9 at 10 times
9 at 16 ,
10 times 11 observed
11 observed 12 in
12 in 15 spine
13 the 15 spine
14 normal 15 spine
17 resemble 19 characteristics
18 the 19 characteristics
19 characteristics 20 of
20 of 23 scoliosis
21 adolescent 23 scoliosis
22 idiopathic 23 scoliosis
23 scoliosis 25 ais
24 ( 25 ais
25 ais 26 )

right thoracic curvature has also been reported in the normal spine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 curvature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 right 3 curvature
2 thoracic 3 curvature
3 curvature 4 has
4 has 6 been
5 also 6 been
6 been 7 reported
7 reported 8 in
8 in 11 spine
9 the 11 spine
10 normal 11 spine

if it is determined that the features of right thoracic side curvature in the normal spine are the same as those observed in ais , these findings might provide a basis for elucidating the etiology of this condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 same
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 if 2 it
1 if 3 is
1 if 19 same
2 it 3 is
3 is 4 determined
4 determined 5 that
5 that 7 features
5 that 17 are
6 the 7 features
7 features 8 of
7 features 13 in
7 features 17 are
8 of 12 curvature
9 right 12 curvature
10 thoracic 11 side
11 side 12 curvature
13 in 16 spine
14 the 16 spine
15 normal 16 spine
18 the 19 same
19 same 20 as
19 same 22 observed
20 as 21 those
22 observed 23 in
22 observed 25 ,
22 observed 27 findings
22 observed 29 provide
23 in 24 ais
26 these 27 findings
27 findings 28 might
28 might 29 provide
29 provide 31 basis
29 provide 32 for
30 a 31 basis
32 for 33 elucidating
33 elucidating 35 etiology
34 the 35 etiology
35 etiology 36 of
36 of 38 condition
37 this 38 condition

for this reason , we investigated right thoracic curvature in the normal spine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 for 3 reason
1 for 4 ,
1 for 5 we
2 this 3 reason
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 9 curvature
6 investigated 10 in
7 right 9 curvature
8 thoracic 9 curvature
10 in 13 spine
11 the 13 spine
12 normal 13 spine

methods : for normal spinal measurements , 1,200 patients who underwent a posteroanterior chest [radiographs] were evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 for
3 for 6 measurements
4 normal 6 measurements
5 spinal 6 measurements
7 , 9 patients
7 , 17 evaluated
8 1,200 9 patients
9 patients 10 who
9 patients 11 underwent
9 patients 16 were
10 who 11 underwent
11 underwent 14 chest
12 a 14 chest
13 posteroanterior 14 chest
16 were 17 evaluated

these consisted of 400 children ( ages 4 - 9 ) , 400 adolescents ( ages 10 - 19 [ )(and 400 adults ( ages 20 - 29 ) , with each group comprised of both genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consisted
1 these 2 consisted
2 consisted 3 of
3 of 5 children
4 400 5 children
5 children 7 ages
5 children 14 adolescents
6 ( 7 ages
7 ages 9 -
7 ages 11 )
8 4 9 -
9 - 10 9
12 , 14 adolescents
13 400 14 adolescents
14 adolescents 16 ages
14 adolescents 38 .
15 ( 16 ages
16 ages 17 10
16 ages 23 adults
16 ages 38 .
18 - 23 adults
19 19 21 )(and
21 )(and 22 400
21 )(and 23 adults
23 adults 25 ages
23 adults 31 with
23 adults 38 .
24 ( 25 ages
25 ages 27 -
25 ages 29 )
26 20 27 -
27 - 28 29
30 , 31 with
31 with 33 group
31 with 38 .
32 each 33 group
33 group 34 comprised
33 group 35 of
35 of 37 genders
36 both 37 genders

the exclusion criteria were obvious [chest] and spinal diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 criteria
2 exclusion 3 criteria
3 criteria 4 were
4 were 9 diseases
5 obvious 7 and
7 and 8 spinal
7 and 9 diseases

as side curvature is minimal in normal spines and the range at which curvature is measured is difficult to ascertain , first the typical curvature range in scoliosis patients was determined and then the cobb angle in normal spines was measured using the same range as the scoliosis curve , from t5 to t12 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
1 as 9 and
1 as 17 is
1 as 26 range
2 side 3 curvature
3 curvature 4 is
3 curvature 9 and
4 is 5 minimal
5 minimal 6 in
6 in 8 spines
7 normal 8 spines
9 and 11 range
10 the 11 range
11 range 12 at
11 range 17 is
12 at 13 which
12 at 14 curvature
12 at 16 measured
14 curvature 15 is
15 is 16 measured
18 difficult 19 to
18 difficult 20 ascertain
18 difficult 21 ,
18 difficult 26 range
19 to 20 ascertain
22 first 26 range
23 the 26 range
24 typical 25 curvature
25 curvature 26 range
26 range 27 in
26 range 30 was
27 in 29 patients
28 scoliosis 29 patients
30 was 31 determined
32 and 36 angle
32 and 40 was
33 then 36 angle
34 the 36 angle
35 cobb 36 angle
36 angle 37 in
36 angle 40 was
37 in 39 spines
38 normal 39 spines
40 was 41 measured
41 measured 42 using
42 using 45 range
42 using 46 as
43 the 44 same
44 same 45 range
46 as 49 curve
47 the 49 curve
48 scoliosis 49 curve
49 curve 51 from
50 , 51 from
51 from 52 t5
51 from 55 .
52 t5 53 to
53 to 54 t12

right thoracic curvature was given a positive value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 curvature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 right 3 curvature
2 thoracic 3 curvature
3 curvature 4 was
4 was 5 given
5 given 8 value
6 a 7 positive
6 a 8 value
7 positive 8 value

the curve pattern was organized in each collective three groups : neutral ( from - 1 degree to 1 degree ) , right [(] > +1 [degree] [ )(, and left ( [<] - 1 degree ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 the 3 pattern
2 curve 3 pattern
3 pattern 4 was
4 was 5 organized
5 organized 6 in
6 in 10 groups
7 each 8 collective
8 collective 10 groups
9 three 10 groups
11 : 23 right
11 : 25 >
11 : 38 .
12 neutral 14 from
12 neutral 22 ,
12 neutral 23 right
13 ( 14 from
14 from 17 degree
14 from 21 )
15 - 16 1
16 1 17 degree
17 degree 18 to
18 to 20 degree
19 1 20 degree
23 right 25 >
25 > 30 and
26 +1 30 and
29 )(, 30 and
30 and 31 left
30 and 36 degree
32 ( 36 degree
34 - 35 1
35 1 36 degree
36 degree 37 )

results : in child group , cobb angle in left [was] 120 , in neutral [was] 125 [and] in right was 155 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 ,
2 : 23 .
3 in 4 child
3 in 5 group
6 , 8 angle
6 , 13 ,
7 cobb 8 angle
8 angle 9 in
9 in 10 left
10 left 12 120
13 , 14 in
13 , 21 was
14 in 20 right
14 in 21 was
15 neutral 20 right
17 125 19 in
19 in 20 right
21 was 22 155

in adolescent group , cobb angle in left [was] 70 , in neutral [was] 114 [and] in right was 216 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 group
2 adolescent 3 group
4 , 6 angle
4 , 11 ,
5 cobb 6 angle
6 angle 7 in
7 in 8 left
8 left 10 70
11 , 12 in
11 , 19 was
12 in 18 right
12 in 19 was
13 neutral 18 right
15 114 17 in
17 in 18 right
19 was 20 216

in adult group , cobb angle in left [was] 46 , in neutral [was] 102 [and] in right was 252 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 group
2 adult 3 group
4 , 6 angle
4 , 11 ,
5 cobb 6 angle
6 angle 7 in
7 in 8 left
8 left 10 46
11 , 12 in
11 , 19 was
12 in 18 right
12 in 19 was
13 neutral 18 right
15 102 17 in
17 in 18 right
19 was 20 252

the curvature pattern shifts to the right side in the adolescent group ( p < 0.01 ) and [in] adult group ( p < 0.001 ) compared to the child group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 shifts
2 curvature 4 shifts
3 pattern 4 shifts
4 shifts 5 to
4 shifts 18 and
5 to 8 side
6 the 8 side
7 right 8 side
8 side 9 in
9 in 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 adolescent 12 group
12 group 15 <
13 ( 15 <
14 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.01
15 < 17 )
18 and 21 group
18 and 24 <
18 and 27 compared
20 adult 21 group
22 ( 24 <
23 p 24 <
24 < 25 0.001
24 < 26 )
27 compared 28 to
28 to 31 group
29 the 31 group
30 child 31 group

there was no significant difference [in] curvature pattern between adolescent and adult group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 8 pattern
3 no 8 pattern
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 8 pattern
7 curvature 8 pattern
8 pattern 9 between
9 between 11 and
10 adolescent 11 and
11 and 13 group
12 adult 13 group

conclusions : based on standing chest radiographic measurements , a right thoracic curvature was observed in normal spines after adolescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 observed
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 based
3 based 4 on
4 on 5 standing
5 standing 8 measurements
6 chest 8 measurements
7 radiographic 8 measurements
9 , 15 observed
10 a 11 right
11 right 13 curvature
11 right 14 was
11 right 15 observed
12 thoracic 13 curvature
13 curvature 14 was
15 observed 16 in
15 observed 19 after
15 observed 21 .
16 in 18 spines
17 normal 18 spines
19 after 20 adolescence

background : qualitative and quantitative changes in human mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) have been implicated in various cancer types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 6 changes
2 : 16 implicated
3 qualitative 4 and
4 and 5 quantitative
4 and 6 changes
6 changes 7 in
6 changes 14 have
7 in 10 dna
8 human 10 dna
9 mitochondrial 10 dna
10 dna 12 mtdna
11 ( 12 mtdna
12 mtdna 13 )
14 have 15 been
15 been 16 implicated
16 implicated 17 in
17 in 20 types
18 various 19 cancer
19 cancer 20 types

a 4,977 bp deletion in the major arch of the mitochondrial genome is one of the most common mutations associated with a variety of human diseases and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 4 deletion
2 4,977 3 bp
3 bp 4 deletion
4 deletion 5 in
4 deletion 13 is
5 in 8 arch
6 the 8 arch
7 major 8 arch
8 arch 9 of
9 of 12 genome
10 the 12 genome
11 mitochondrial 12 genome
13 is 14 one
14 one 15 of
15 of 19 mutations
16 the 17 most
17 most 19 mutations
18 common 19 mutations
19 mutations 20 associated
19 mutations 21 with
21 with 27 and
22 a 23 variety
23 variety 24 of
23 variety 27 and
24 of 26 diseases
25 human 26 diseases
27 and 28 aging

methods : we conducted a comprehensive study on clinical features and mtdna of 104 colorectal cancer patients in the wenzhou area of china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 24 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 7 study
4 conducted 8 on
4 conducted 18 in
5 a 6 comprehensive
5 a 7 study
6 comprehensive 7 study
8 on 11 and
9 clinical 10 features
10 features 11 and
11 and 12 mtdna
11 and 13 of
13 of 17 patients
14 104 17 patients
15 colorectal 16 cancer
16 cancer 17 patients
18 in 21 area
19 the 21 area
20 wenzhou 21 area
21 area 22 of
22 of 23 china

in particular , using a quantitative real time pcr method , we analyzed the 4,977 bp deletion and mtdna content in tumor tissues and paired [non] - tumor areas from these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 12 we
3 , 4 using
4 using 10 method
4 using 11 ,
4 using 12 we
5 a 6 quantitative
5 a 10 method
6 quantitative 10 method
7 real 10 method
8 time 10 method
9 pcr 10 method
12 we 24 and
13 analyzed 18 and
13 analyzed 24 and
14 the 17 deletion
15 4,977 16 bp
16 bp 17 deletion
17 deletion 18 and
18 and 19 mtdna
18 and 20 content
20 content 21 in
21 in 23 tissues
22 tumor 23 tissues
24 and 25 paired
27 - 29 areas
28 tumor 29 areas
29 areas 30 from
30 from 32 patients
31 these 32 patients

results : we found that the 4,977 bp deletion was more likely to be present in patients of younger age ( ≤65 years , p = 0.027 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 9 deletion
5 that 10 was
6 the 9 deletion
7 4,977 8 bp
8 bp 9 deletion
9 deletion 10 was
10 was 12 likely
11 more 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
12 likely 14 be
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 present
15 present 16 in
15 present 26 =
16 in 17 patients
17 patients 18 of
17 patients 23 years
18 of 20 age
19 younger 20 age
21 ( 23 years
22 ≤65 23 years
23 years 24 ,
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.027
26 = 28 )

in patients with the 4,977 bp deletion , the deletion level decreased as the cancer stage advanced ( p = 0.031 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 advanced
1 in 2 patients
1 in 8 ,
1 in 11 level
2 patients 3 with
3 with 7 deletion
4 the 7 deletion
5 4,977 6 bp
6 bp 7 deletion
9 the 11 level
10 deletion 11 level
11 level 12 decreased
12 decreased 13 as
13 as 16 stage
13 as 17 advanced
14 the 16 stage
15 cancer 16 stage
16 stage 17 advanced
17 advanced 20 =
17 advanced 23 .
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.031
20 = 22 )

moreover , mtdna copy number [in] tumor tissues of patients with this deletion increased , both compared with that in adjacent [non] - tumor tissues and with [in] tumors of patients without the deletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tissues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 tissues
3 mtdna 5 number
4 copy 5 number
5 number 8 tissues
7 tumor 8 tissues
8 tissues 9 of
8 tissues 17 compared
9 of 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
10 patients 14 increased
11 with 13 deletion
12 this 13 deletion
14 increased 15 ,
14 increased 16 both
17 compared 18 with
17 compared 26 and
17 compared 32 without
18 with 19 that
20 in 25 tissues
20 in 26 and
21 adjacent 23 -
21 adjacent 24 tumor
24 tumor 25 tissues
26 and 27 with
27 with 29 tumors
29 tumors 30 of
30 of 31 patients
32 without 34 deletion
33 the 34 deletion

such mtdna content [increase] correlated with the levels of the 4,977 bp deletion and with cancer [stage] ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 content
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 such 3 content
2 mtdna 3 content
3 content 5 correlated
5 correlated 14 and
6 with 8 levels
6 with 14 and
7 the 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 13 deletion
10 the 13 deletion
11 4,977 12 bp
12 bp 13 deletion
14 and 15 with
15 with 16 cancer
16 cancer 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )

conclusions : our study indicates that the mtdna 4,977 bp deletion may play a role in the early stage of colorectal cancer , and it is also implicated in alteration of mtdna content in cancer cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 indicates
2 : 24 and
2 : 37 .
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 indicates
5 indicates 6 that
6 that 11 deletion
6 that 13 play
7 the 11 deletion
8 mtdna 11 deletion
9 4,977 10 bp
10 bp 11 deletion
11 deletion 12 may
12 may 13 play
13 play 15 role
13 play 16 in
14 a 15 role
16 in 19 stage
17 the 19 stage
18 early 19 stage
19 stage 20 of
20 of 22 cancer
21 colorectal 22 cancer
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 it
24 and 28 implicated
25 it 26 is
26 is 27 also
26 is 28 implicated
28 implicated 29 in
29 in 30 alteration
30 alteration 31 of
31 of 32 mtdna
32 mtdna 33 content
33 content 34 in
34 in 36 cells
35 cancer 36 cells

objective : • to study the association between specific clinical symptoms ( e.g [.] low libido and erectile dysfunction ) and testosterone levels and age in order to define symptom - specific testosterone thresholds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 •
2 : 5 study
2 : 31 -
2 : 35 .
3 • 4 to
4 to 5 study
5 study 21 and
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 between
7 association 21 and
8 between 11 symptoms
9 specific 11 symptoms
10 clinical 11 symptoms
11 symptoms 17 and
12 ( 17 and
13 e.g 16 libido
15 low 16 libido
16 libido 17 and
17 and 19 dysfunction
17 and 20 )
18 erectile 19 dysfunction
21 and 30 symptom
22 testosterone 23 levels
23 levels 24 and
24 and 25 age
24 and 26 in
24 and 30 symptom
26 in 27 order
27 order 28 to
27 order 29 define
28 to 29 define
31 - 34 thresholds
32 specific 33 testosterone
33 testosterone 34 thresholds

materials and methods : • serum samples for testosterone determination were obtained from 675 healthy men . • participants underwent urological examination and completed the aging males symptoms scale , the beck depression index and the international index of erectile function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 5 •
4 : 12 obtained
4 : 17 .
4 : 42 .
5 • 7 samples
6 serum 7 samples
7 samples 8 for
7 samples 11 were
8 for 10 determination
9 testosterone 10 determination
11 were 12 obtained
12 obtained 13 from
13 from 16 men
14 675 16 men
15 healthy 16 men
17 . 18 •
17 . 23 and
18 • 19 participants
19 participants 23 and
20 underwent 22 examination
20 underwent 23 and
21 urological 22 examination
23 and 24 completed
24 completed 35 and
25 the 29 scale
26 aging 27 males
27 males 28 symptoms
28 symptoms 29 scale
29 scale 30 ,
30 , 34 index
30 , 35 and
31 the 34 index
32 beck 33 depression
33 depression 34 index
35 and 38 index
35 and 39 of
36 the 38 index
37 international 38 index
39 of 41 function
40 erectile 41 function

overall scores and those from individual questions from the questionnaires were evaluated . • testosterone levels in men with symptoms were compared with those in men without symptoms . • the risks of clinical symptoms were evaluated using univariate , multiple multinomial regression analyses and bonferroni correction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 overall 2 scores
2 scores 3 and
3 and 4 those
3 and 11 were
4 those 5 from
5 from 7 questions
6 individual 7 questions
7 questions 8 from
8 from 10 questionnaires
9 the 10 questionnaires
11 were 12 evaluated
13 . 14 •
13 . 22 compared
13 . 29 .
13 . 48 .
14 • 15 testosterone
15 testosterone 16 levels
15 testosterone 21 were
15 testosterone 22 compared
16 levels 17 in
16 levels 19 with
16 levels 21 were
17 in 18 men
19 with 20 symptoms
22 compared 23 with
23 with 24 those
23 with 25 in
25 in 26 men
26 men 27 without
27 without 28 symptoms
29 . 30 •
29 . 37 evaluated
30 • 32 risks
31 the 32 risks
32 risks 33 of
32 risks 36 were
33 of 35 symptoms
34 clinical 35 symptoms
36 were 37 evaluated
37 evaluated 38 using
38 using 45 and
39 univariate 40 ,
40 , 44 analyses
40 , 45 and
41 multiple 44 analyses
42 multinomial 44 analyses
43 regression 44 analyses
45 and 47 correction
46 bonferroni 47 correction

conclusion : • in aging males , androgen deficiency symptoms were reported at normal levels of testosterone , but age was an important confounder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 •
2 : 12 reported
2 : 19 but
3 • 10 symptoms
4 in 5 aging
4 in 7 ,
4 in 10 symptoms
5 aging 6 males
8 androgen 9 deficiency
9 deficiency 10 symptoms
10 symptoms 11 were
11 were 12 reported
12 reported 13 at
13 at 15 levels
14 normal 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 17 testosterone
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 age
19 but 21 was
20 age 21 was
21 was 24 confounder
22 an 24 confounder
23 important 24 confounder

symptom - specific testosterone thresholds could not be defined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 thresholds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 symptom 2 -
1 symptom 5 thresholds
3 specific 5 thresholds
4 testosterone 5 thresholds
5 thresholds 6 could
6 could 7 not
6 could 8 be
8 be 9 defined

aim : this paper is a report of a study exploring possible external and inner sources of the sense of security felt by older people aged 65 and 75 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 felt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 paper
2 : 5 is
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 is
5 is 7 report
6 a 7 report
7 report 8 of
8 of 10 study
9 a 10 study
10 study 11 exploring
10 study 16 sources
10 study 22 felt
12 possible 16 sources
13 external 14 and
14 and 15 inner
14 and 16 sources
16 sources 17 of
16 sources 22 felt
17 of 19 sense
18 the 19 sense
19 sense 20 of
20 of 21 security
22 felt 23 by
23 by 25 people
24 older 25 people
25 people 26 aged
26 aged 28 and
27 65 28 and
28 and 29 75

background . the concept of ['] security ['] has been parsimoniously defined and explored , especially as [pertains] to older people , and previous research has primarily focused on risks in relation to individuals ' declining health and functional ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .
2 . 4 concept
2 . 10 been
2 . 23 and
2 . 41 .
3 the 4 concept
4 concept 5 of
4 concept 9 has
5 of 7 security
9 has 10 been
10 been 13 and
11 parsimoniously 12 defined
12 defined 13 and
13 and 14 explored
14 explored 19 to
15 , 16 especially
15 , 19 to
17 as 19 to
19 to 21 people
19 to 22 ,
20 older 21 people
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 research
23 and 28 focused
24 previous 25 research
25 research 26 has
26 has 28 focused
27 primarily 28 focused
28 focused 29 on
28 focused 33 to
29 on 30 risks
31 in 32 relation
32 relation 33 to
33 to 38 and
34 individuals 35 '
35 ' 37 health
36 declining 37 health
37 health 38 and
38 and 40 ability
39 functional 40 ability

methods : in 2005 , population - based cross - sectional surveys were carried out in 15 municipalities in västerbotten , sweden and 18 municipalities in ostrobothnia , finland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 2005
4 2005 6 population
5 , 6 population
6 population 7 -
7 - 9 cross
7 - 10 -
7 - 28 ,
8 based 9 cross
10 - 12 surveys
10 - 14 carried
11 sectional 12 surveys
12 surveys 13 were
13 were 14 carried
14 carried 15 out
14 carried 16 in
16 in 18 municipalities
17 15 18 municipalities
18 municipalities 19 in
19 in 20 västerbotten
20 västerbotten 23 and
21 , 23 and
22 sweden 23 and
23 and 25 municipalities
23 and 26 in
23 and 28 ,
24 18 25 municipalities
26 in 27 ostrobothnia
28 , 29 finland

a [15] - page questionnaire ( 84 questions ) was distributed , with the final total response rate reaching 68· [%] ( n = 3370 ) : 1825 swedish - speaking swedes , 926 swedish - speaking finns and 621 finnish - speaking finns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 a 3 -
3 - 5 questionnaire
4 page 5 questionnaire
5 questionnaire 8 questions
5 questionnaire 10 was
6 ( 8 questions
7 84 8 questions
8 questions 9 )
10 was 11 distributed
12 , 20 68·
13 with 17 response
13 with 20 68·
14 the 17 response
15 final 16 total
16 total 17 response
18 rate 19 reaching
19 reaching 20 68·
20 68· 24 =
20 68· 27 :
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 3370
24 = 26 )
27 : 39 and
28 1825 38 finns
29 swedish 32 swedes
29 swedish 36 -
29 swedish 38 finns
30 - 32 swedes
31 speaking 32 swedes
32 swedes 35 swedish
32 swedes 36 -
33 , 35 swedish
34 926 35 swedish
35 swedish 36 -
37 speaking 38 finns
38 finns 39 and
39 and 41 finnish
39 and 43 speaking
40 621 41 finnish
42 - 43 speaking
43 speaking 44 finns
43 speaking 45 .

the statistical analysis was three - stage , including nominal stepwise regressions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 3 analysis
2 statistical 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 three
6 - 7 stage
6 - 8 ,
6 - 13 .
8 , 12 regressions
9 including 12 regressions
10 nominal 12 regressions
11 stepwise 12 regressions

results : older people who indicate that they are ['] very secure ['] are more likely to consider life meaningful and [are] able to master various life crises . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 people
2 : 25 master
2 : 29 .
3 older 4 people
4 people 5 who
4 people 6 indicate
4 people 14 are
5 who 6 indicate
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 8 they
7 that 9 are
8 they 9 are
9 are 12 secure
11 very 12 secure
14 are 16 likely
15 more 16 likely
16 likely 17 to
17 to 18 consider
18 consider 19 life
18 consider 21 and
20 meaningful 21 and
21 and 23 able
21 and 24 to
21 and 25 master
24 to 25 master
25 master 28 crises
26 various 27 life
27 life 28 crises

moreover , they possess confidence in economic institutions and [are] more likely to feel economically secure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 they
3 they 9 and
4 possess 5 confidence
4 possess 6 in
4 possess 9 and
6 in 8 institutions
7 economic 8 institutions
9 and 13 to
9 and 14 feel
11 more 12 likely
12 likely 13 to
13 to 14 feel
14 feel 16 secure
15 economically 16 secure

weak trust in family and friends or neighbours and decreased functional ability seem to indicate a subjective feeling of ['] insecurity ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 weak 2 trust
2 trust 3 in
2 trust 5 and
3 in 4 family
5 and 6 friends
5 and 7 or
7 or 8 neighbours
7 or 9 and
9 and 12 ability
9 and 13 seem
10 decreased 12 ability
11 functional 12 ability
13 seem 14 to
13 seem 15 indicate
14 to 15 indicate
15 indicate 18 feeling
16 a 17 subjective
16 a 18 feeling
17 subjective 18 feeling
18 feeling 19 of
19 of 21 insecurity

conclusion : caregivers in health care should focus more on supporting older persons ' meaningfulness in life and how their feelings of security can be strengthened by trusting relationships and activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 18 and
3 caregivers 4 in
3 caregivers 18 and
4 in 5 health
5 health 6 care
5 health 8 focus
6 care 7 should
7 should 8 focus
8 focus 9 more
8 focus 10 on
10 on 11 supporting
11 supporting 15 meaningfulness
12 older 13 persons
13 persons 14 '
14 ' 15 meaningfulness
15 meaningfulness 16 in
16 in 17 life
18 and 19 how
18 and 21 feelings
18 and 28 trusting
20 their 21 feelings
21 feelings 22 of
21 feelings 24 can
22 of 23 security
24 can 25 be
25 be 26 strengthened
26 strengthened 27 by
27 by 28 trusting
28 trusting 30 and
29 relationships 30 and
30 and 31 activities

in nursing , there should be more focus on developing knowledge of inner health resources , including positive life orientation and meaningfulness in life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 nursing
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 21 and
7 more 21 and
8 focus 9 on
8 focus 16 ,
9 on 10 developing
10 developing 11 knowledge
11 knowledge 12 of
12 of 15 resources
13 inner 14 health
14 health 15 resources
16 , 20 orientation
16 , 21 and
17 including 20 orientation
18 positive 20 orientation
19 life 20 orientation
21 and 22 meaningfulness
21 and 23 in
23 in 24 life

none background : spectral entropy of [electrocardiogram] ( ecg ) , which was calculated using the memcalc method with a portable bio - signal measurement [instrument] ( pbsm ) , might be a possible parameter for evaluating the quality of sleep . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 6 of
1 none 9 ecg
1 none 12 which
1 none 31 might
2 background 3 :
3 : 5 entropy
4 spectral 5 entropy
5 entropy 6 of
8 ( 9 ecg
9 ecg 10 )
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 was
12 which 30 ,
13 was 14 calculated
14 calculated 15 using
15 using 18 method
15 using 19 with
16 the 18 method
17 memcalc 18 method
19 with 22 bio
20 a 21 portable
20 a 22 bio
21 portable 22 bio
22 bio 25 measurement
23 - 25 measurement
24 signal 25 measurement
25 measurement 28 pbsm
25 measurement 30 ,
27 ( 28 pbsm
28 pbsm 29 )
31 might 32 be
32 be 35 parameter
33 a 35 parameter
34 possible 35 parameter
35 parameter 36 for
35 parameter 40 of
36 for 37 evaluating
37 evaluating 39 quality
38 the 39 quality
40 of 41 sleep

aim : this study assessed the effects of ecg spectral entropy on obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea [syndrome] ( osahs ) depending on age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 assessed
2 : 23 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 assessed
5 assessed 7 effects
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 11 entropy
9 ecg 11 entropy
10 spectral 11 entropy
11 entropy 12 on
11 entropy 20 depending
12 on 15 apnea/hypopnea
13 obstructive 14 sleep
14 sleep 15 apnea/hypopnea
15 apnea/hypopnea 18 osahs
17 ( 18 osahs
18 osahs 19 )
20 depending 21 on
21 on 22 age

study design : ecg was recorded using a pbsm , and the maximum entropy of ecg [every] 9 rr intervals was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 study 2 design
3 : 4 ecg
3 : 6 recorded
3 : 11 and
4 ecg 5 was
5 was 6 recorded
6 recorded 7 using
7 using 9 pbsm
8 a 9 pbsm
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 entropy
11 and 22 calculated
12 the 14 entropy
13 maximum 14 entropy
14 entropy 15 of
14 entropy 21 was
15 of 20 intervals
16 ecg 18 9
16 ecg 20 intervals
19 rr 20 intervals
21 was 22 calculated

these entropies were compared with the age and sleeping indices obtained with a conventional polysomnography ( psg ) system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 entropies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 entropies
2 entropies 3 were
3 were 4 compared
4 compared 5 with
5 with 8 and
6 the 7 age
7 age 8 and
8 and 10 indices
8 and 11 obtained
9 sleeping 10 indices
11 obtained 12 with
12 with 19 system
13 a 19 system
14 conventional 19 system
15 polysomnography 17 psg
15 polysomnography 19 system
16 ( 17 psg
17 psg 18 )

setting and participants : seventy - six patients suspected of osahs were recorded from 20:00 to 06:00 using a conventional psg system ( alice iii [ )(and a pbsm ( memcalc - makin2 ) simultaneously . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 setting 2 and
2 and 3 participants
4 : 6 -
4 : 13 recorded
4 : 36 .
5 seventy 6 -
6 - 7 six
6 - 8 patients
6 - 12 were
6 - 13 recorded
8 patients 9 suspected
8 patients 10 of
8 patients 12 were
10 of 11 osahs
13 recorded 16 to
14 from 16 to
15 20:00 16 to
16 to 17 06:00
16 to 18 using
18 using 22 system
18 using 35 simultaneously
19 a 22 system
20 conventional 22 system
21 psg 22 system
22 system 27 )(and
23 ( 27 )(and
24 alice 25 iii
24 alice 27 )(and
27 )(and 29 pbsm
27 )(and 31 memcalc
27 )(and 34 )
28 a 29 pbsm
30 ( 31 memcalc
31 memcalc 33 makin2
31 memcalc 34 )
32 - 33 makin2
33 makin2 34 )

results : ecg entropy showed correlations to high frequency ( hf , 0.15 - 0.40 hz ) heart rate variability in the cardiac parasympathetic activity index [,] as did the ecg entropy value , and a negative correlation was found with the age ( r = 0.538 , p < 0.0001 ) , [and] positive correlation [with] [the] hf value ( r = 0.810 , p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 ecg
2 : 7 to
3 ecg 4 entropy
3 ecg 5 showed
4 entropy 5 showed
5 showed 6 correlations
7 to 9 frequency
8 high 9 frequency
9 frequency 11 hf
10 ( 11 hf
11 hf 12 ,
12 , 13 0.15
12 , 18 heart
13 0.15 16 hz
13 0.15 18 heart
14 - 16 hz
15 0.40 16 hz
16 hz 17 )
18 heart 20 variability
18 heart 21 in
18 heart 28 as
19 rate 20 variability
21 in 26 index
22 the 26 index
23 cardiac 25 activity
24 parasympathetic 25 activity
25 activity 26 index
28 as 29 did
29 did 35 and
30 the 33 value
31 ecg 33 value
32 entropy 33 value
33 value 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 negative
35 and 38 correlation
35 and 40 found
36 a 37 negative
38 correlation 39 was
39 was 40 found
40 found 41 with
40 found 46 =
41 with 43 age
42 the 43 age
44 ( 46 =
45 r 46 =
46 = 47 0.538
47 0.538 50 <
47 0.538 59 hf
48 , 50 <
49 p 50 <
50 < 51 0.0001
50 < 52 )
53 , 59 hf
55 positive 56 correlation
56 correlation 59 hf
59 hf 67 <
59 hf 70 .
60 value 63 =
61 ( 63 =
62 r 63 =
63 = 64 0.810
63 = 65 ,
65 , 67 <
66 p 67 <
67 < 68 0.0001
67 < 69 )

the ecg entropy value and hf value decreased at [>] [or] = 60 years old [with] statistically significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 4 value
2 ecg 4 value
3 entropy 4 value
4 value 5 and
5 and 7 value
5 and 8 decreased
6 hf 7 value
8 decreased 9 at
8 decreased 18 significant
9 at 13 60
12 = 13 60
13 60 15 old
14 years 15 old
17 statistically 18 significant

conclusion : the value of ecg entropy corresponds to cardiac parasympathetic [function] , and it decreases according to age ( [increase] by the absolute value ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 value
2 : 8 corresponds
2 : 27 .
3 the 4 value
4 value 5 of
4 value 8 corresponds
5 of 7 entropy
6 ecg 7 entropy
8 corresponds 9 to
8 corresponds 18 to
9 to 16 decreases
10 cardiac 16 decreases
11 parasympathetic 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 it
14 and 16 decreases
17 according 18 to
18 to 19 age
19 age 22 by
20 ( 22 by
22 by 25 value
22 by 26 )
23 the 25 value
24 absolute 25 value

a simple technique for imaging the human skeleton with a flatbed scanner is presented using the auricular surface of the ilium as an example . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 technique
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 simple
1 a 3 technique
2 simple 3 technique
3 technique 4 for
3 technique 13 is
4 for 5 imaging
5 imaging 8 skeleton
5 imaging 9 with
6 the 8 skeleton
7 human 8 skeleton
9 with 12 scanner
10 a 12 scanner
11 flatbed 12 scanner
13 is 14 presented
14 presented 15 using
15 using 18 surface
15 using 22 as
16 the 18 surface
17 auricular 18 surface
18 surface 19 of
19 of 21 ilium
20 the 21 ilium
22 as 24 example
23 an 24 example

a flatbed scanner with resolution capabilities of 600 dpi or greater [allows] [for] images of human bones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 3 scanner
2 flatbed 3 scanner
3 scanner 4 with
3 scanner 10 or
4 with 6 capabilities
5 resolution 6 capabilities
6 capabilities 7 of
7 of 9 dpi
8 600 9 dpi
10 or 14 images
10 or 15 of
11 greater 14 images
15 of 17 bones
16 human 17 bones

the auricular surface of the ilium was selected to demonstrate this technique as it is a fairly [three] [-] dimensional area that can be difficult to record photographically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 surface
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 surface
2 auricular 3 surface
3 surface 4 of
3 surface 7 was
4 of 6 ilium
5 the 6 ilium
7 was 8 selected
8 selected 9 to
8 selected 13 as
9 to 10 demonstrate
10 demonstrate 12 technique
11 this 12 technique
13 as 27 record
14 it 15 is
15 is 21 area
15 is 22 that
15 is 23 can
15 is 26 to
16 a 17 fairly
16 a 21 area
17 fairly 20 dimensional
20 dimensional 21 area
22 that 23 can
23 can 24 be
24 be 25 difficult
26 to 27 record
27 record 28 photographically

fifty left ilia of various ages at death from the athens collection were selected from which three observers ( scf , ce , and im ) scored the morphology of the auricular surface using a well - established aging method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fifty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 left
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
1 fifty 2 left
2 left 3 ilia
2 left 34 using
3 ilia 4 of
3 ilia 7 at
3 ilia 12 collection
3 ilia 13 were
3 ilia 14 selected
3 ilia 15 from
4 of 6 ages
5 various 6 ages
7 at 8 death
8 death 9 from
9 from 11 athens
10 the 11 athens
12 collection 13 were
15 from 16 which
15 from 18 observers
15 from 27 scored
17 three 18 observers
18 observers 24 and
18 observers 27 scored
19 ( 24 and
20 scf 21 ,
21 , 22 ce
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 im
24 and 26 )
27 scored 29 morphology
28 the 29 morphology
29 morphology 30 of
30 of 33 surface
31 the 33 surface
32 auricular 33 surface
34 using 36 well
35 a 36 well
37 - 40 method
37 - 41 .
38 established 40 method
39 aging 40 method

observations were [taken] of the dry bone , of digital photographs of the bone , and [of] scanned images of the bone , and [in] that sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 observations 16 and
2 were 4 of
2 were 16 and
4 of 7 bone
5 the 7 bone
6 dry 7 bone
7 bone 9 of
8 , 9 of
9 of 11 photographs
9 of 15 ,
10 digital 11 photographs
11 photographs 12 of
12 of 14 bone
13 the 14 bone
16 and 18 scanned
16 and 19 images
19 images 20 of
20 of 24 and
21 the 22 bone
22 bone 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 sequence
26 that 27 sequence

results indicate that scores of scanned images are equivalent or better than digital images of the same ilia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 10 or
2 indicate 3 that
2 indicate 10 or
3 that 7 images
3 that 8 are
4 scores 5 of
4 scores 7 images
5 of 7 images
6 scanned 7 images
7 images 8 are
8 are 9 equivalent
10 or 11 better
10 or 12 than
12 than 14 images
12 than 18 ilia
13 digital 14 images
14 images 15 of
14 images 18 ilia
15 of 17 same
16 the 17 same

this technique allows for sharing data electronically with ease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 technique
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 technique
2 technique 4 for
3 allows 4 for
4 for 6 data
4 for 7 electronically
4 for 8 with
5 sharing 6 data
8 with 9 ease

[none] none [in] this article i report on a research project conducted in perth , western australia , which investigated [how] contemporary women experience physiological and psychosocial midlife transitions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 conducted
2 none 5 article
4 this 5 article
5 article 6 i
5 article 7 report
5 article 12 conducted
6 i 7 report
7 report 8 on
8 on 11 project
9 a 10 research
9 a 11 project
10 research 11 project
12 conducted 13 in
13 in 14 perth
14 perth 17 australia
15 , 17 australia
16 western 17 australia
17 australia 19 which
17 australia 30 .
18 , 19 which
19 which 24 experience
19 which 30 .
20 investigated 22 contemporary
22 contemporary 23 women
23 women 24 experience
24 experience 29 transitions
25 physiological 26 and
26 and 27 psychosocial
26 and 29 transitions
28 midlife 29 transitions

qualitative [in] - depth interviews explored the challenges confronting women during this period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 qualitative 3 -
1 qualitative 4 depth
4 depth 5 interviews
5 interviews 6 explored
6 explored 8 challenges
7 the 8 challenges
8 challenges 9 confronting
9 confronting 10 women
9 confronting 11 during
11 during 13 period
12 this 13 period

in doing so , continuities and divergences that exist between existing literature on midlife transitions and women 's own perspectives are highlighted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 so
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 and
2 doing 3 so
5 continuities 6 and
6 and 7 divergences
6 and 8 that
6 and 9 exist
6 and 21 are
8 that 9 exist
9 exist 10 between
9 exist 13 on
10 between 12 literature
11 existing 12 literature
13 on 16 and
14 midlife 15 transitions
15 transitions 16 and
16 and 20 perspectives
17 women 18 's
18 's 19 own
18 's 20 perspectives
21 are 22 highlighted

based on key findings , i suggest that while most women manage the " classic " transitions of menopause and the " empty nest " [relatively] well , the impact of divorce and the aging [and] death of parents present more serious long - term challenges to women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggest
1 based 2 on
1 based 5 ,
1 based 6 i
2 on 4 findings
3 key 4 findings
6 i 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
7 suggest 9 while
9 while 11 women
9 while 12 manage
10 most 11 women
11 women 12 manage
12 manage 17 transitions
13 the 14 "
13 the 17 transitions
15 classic 16 "
15 classic 17 transitions
17 transitions 18 of
18 of 27 well
19 menopause 20 and
20 and 23 empty
20 and 27 well
21 the 22 "
21 the 23 empty
24 nest 25 "
24 nest 27 well
27 well 37 death
28 , 37 death
29 the 37 death
30 impact 31 of
30 impact 33 and
31 of 32 divorce
33 and 35 aging
33 and 37 death
34 the 35 aging
37 death 38 of
37 death 47 to
37 death 49 .
38 of 40 present
39 parents 40 present
40 present 45 term
40 present 46 challenges
41 more 42 serious
42 serious 45 term
43 long 44 -
43 long 45 term
45 term 46 challenges
47 to 48 women

i investigated the association between depression and percent body fat , two major global problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 i 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 association
2 investigated 5 between
3 the 4 association
5 between 7 and
6 depression 7 and
7 and 10 fat
8 percent 9 body
9 body 10 fat
11 , 15 problems
12 two 15 problems
13 major 15 problems
14 global 15 problems

participants are 1,704 american women , ages 39 - 49 , who responded to a detailed self - administered mailed questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 participants 2 are
2 are 5 women
3 1,704 5 women
4 american 5 women
5 women 7 ages
6 , 7 ages
7 ages 9 -
7 ages 11 ,
8 39 9 -
9 - 10 49
11 , 12 who
11 , 13 responded
11 , 18 -
12 who 13 responded
13 responded 14 to
14 to 17 self
15 a 17 self
16 detailed 17 self
18 - 21 questionnaire
19 administered 21 questionnaire
20 mailed 21 questionnaire

my results showed a positive correlation ; the adjusted or = 1.70 , 95 % ci ( 1.20 , 2.39 ) , p = [.] 002 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 my 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 6 correlation
4 a 5 positive
4 a 6 correlation
5 positive 6 correlation
7 ; 10 or
7 ; 11 =
7 ; 13 ,
8 the 10 or
9 adjusted 10 or
10 or 11 =
11 = 12 1.70
13 , 16 ci
13 , 24 =
14 95 16 ci
15 % 16 ci
16 ci 18 1.20
16 ci 24 =
17 ( 18 1.20
18 1.20 20 2.39
18 1.20 22 ,
19 , 20 2.39
20 2.39 21 )
23 p 24 =
24 = 26 002

percent body fat was estimated from age , height , and weight , a cost - free method that may be useful in areas in [which] dual energy x - ray absorptiometry , or other procedures are too costly or unavailable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 percent 2 body
2 body 3 fat
3 fat 4 was
4 was 5 estimated
5 estimated 6 from
6 from 11 and
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 height
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 weight
11 and 13 ,
11 and 15 cost
13 , 15 cost
14 a 15 cost
15 cost 16 -
16 - 18 method
16 - 21 be
16 - 30 -
16 - 42 .
17 free 18 method
18 method 19 that
18 method 20 may
18 method 21 be
19 that 20 may
21 be 22 useful
22 useful 23 in
22 useful 25 in
23 in 24 areas
25 in 28 energy
27 dual 28 energy
28 energy 29 x
30 - 34 or
31 ray 32 absorptiometry
32 absorptiometry 34 or
33 , 34 or
34 or 35 other
34 or 36 procedures
34 or 37 are
36 procedures 37 are
37 are 38 too
37 are 40 or
39 costly 40 or
40 or 41 unavailable

my findings may aid health and mental health care providers in the management and treatment of patients seen in settings with limited resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 my 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 aid
4 aid 6 and
4 aid 11 in
4 aid 19 in
5 health 6 and
6 and 10 providers
7 mental 8 health
8 health 10 providers
9 care 10 providers
11 in 14 and
12 the 13 management
13 management 14 and
14 and 15 treatment
14 and 16 of
14 and 18 seen
16 of 17 patients
19 in 20 settings
20 settings 21 with
21 with 23 resources
22 limited 23 resources

in this paper , we analyse the life history narratives of 10 poor gay and bisexual black men over the age of 50 living with hiv/aids in new york city , focusing on experiences [of] [stigma] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyse
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 analyse
6 analyse 10 narratives
6 analyse 25 with
6 analyse 27 in
7 the 10 narratives
8 life 9 history
9 history 10 narratives
10 narratives 11 of
11 of 18 men
12 10 18 men
13 poor 18 men
14 gay 15 and
15 and 16 bisexual
15 and 18 men
17 black 18 men
18 men 19 over
18 men 22 of
18 men 24 living
19 over 21 age
20 the 21 age
22 of 23 50
25 with 26 hiv/aids
27 in 30 city
28 new 29 york
29 york 30 city
30 city 32 focusing
31 , 32 focusing
32 focusing 33 on
32 focusing 37 .
33 on 34 experiences

three overarching themes are identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 three 3 themes
2 overarching 3 themes
3 themes 4 are
4 are 5 identified

first , participants described the ways [in] which stigma marks them as ['] [just] one more body ['] within social and medical institutions , emphasising the dehumanisation they experience in these settings . 
1 first 2 ,
1 first 3 participants
3 participants 4 described
4 described 6 ways
4 described 8 which
5 the 6 ways
8 which 9 stigma
9 stigma 10 marks
10 marks 11 them
10 marks 12 as
10 marks 19 within
12 as 17 body
15 one 16 more
16 more 17 body
19 within 21 and
20 social 21 and
21 and 23 institutions
21 and 24 ,
21 and 25 emphasising
22 medical 23 institutions
24 , 25 emphasising
25 emphasising 27 dehumanisation
25 emphasising 30 in
25 emphasising 33 .
26 the 27 dehumanisation
27 dehumanisation 28 they
27 dehumanisation 29 experience
28 they 29 experience
30 in 32 settings
31 these 32 settings

second , respondents described the process of ['] knowing your place ['] within social hierarchies as a means through which they are rendered tolerable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 respondents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 3 respondents
3 respondents 4 described
4 described 6 process
5 the 6 process
6 process 7 of
6 process 19 through
7 of 9 knowing
9 knowing 11 place
9 knowing 13 within
9 knowing 16 as
10 your 11 place
13 within 15 hierarchies
14 social 15 hierarchies
16 as 18 means
17 a 18 means
19 through 20 which
19 through 21 they
19 through 23 rendered
21 they 22 are
22 are 23 rendered
23 rendered 24 tolerable

finally , interviewees described the dynamics of [stigma] as all - consuming , relegating them to the ['] quagmire of an hiv ghetto ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interviewees
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 interviewees
3 interviewees 4 described
4 described 6 dynamics
5 the 6 dynamics
6 dynamics 7 of
7 of 9 as
9 as 10 all
11 - 12 consuming
12 consuming 14 relegating
13 , 14 relegating
14 relegating 15 them
14 relegating 16 to
14 relegating 25 .
16 to 19 quagmire
17 the 19 quagmire
19 quagmire 20 of
20 of 23 ghetto
21 an 23 ghetto
22 hiv 23 ghetto

these findings emphasise that despite advances in treatment and an aging population of persons living with hiv , entrenched social stigmas continue to endanger the well - being of black men who have sex with men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 emphasise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 emphasise
3 emphasise 4 that
3 emphasise 5 despite
5 despite 9 and
6 advances 7 in
6 advances 9 and
7 in 8 treatment
9 and 12 population
10 an 12 population
11 aging 12 population
12 population 13 of
13 of 14 persons
14 persons 15 living
14 persons 16 with
16 with 17 hiv
18 , 21 stigmas
18 , 22 continue
19 entrenched 20 social
20 social 21 stigmas
21 stigmas 22 continue
22 continue 23 to
22 continue 24 endanger
23 to 24 endanger
24 endanger 26 well
24 endanger 28 being
25 the 26 well
27 - 28 being
28 being 29 of
28 being 35 with
28 being 37 .
29 of 31 men
30 black 31 men
31 men 32 who
31 men 33 have
32 who 33 have
33 have 34 sex
35 with 36 men

background : the story recall test ( srt ) is one of the most reliable neuropsychological assessments for evaluating verbal memory function in order to distinguish between individuals with normal aging , mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 test
2 : 26 distinguish
2 : 47 .
3 the 6 test
4 story 5 recall
5 recall 6 test
6 test 8 srt
6 test 10 is
7 ( 8 srt
8 srt 9 )
10 is 11 one
11 one 12 of
12 of 14 most
13 the 14 most
14 most 17 assessments
14 most 26 distinguish
15 reliable 17 assessments
16 neuropsychological 17 assessments
17 assessments 18 for
17 assessments 22 function
18 for 19 evaluating
19 evaluating 21 memory
20 verbal 21 memory
22 function 23 in
23 in 24 order
24 order 25 to
24 order 26 distinguish
25 to 26 distinguish
26 distinguish 27 between
27 between 40 and
28 individuals 29 with
28 individuals 40 and
29 with 31 aging
30 normal 31 aging
31 aging 35 impairment
32 , 35 impairment
33 mild 35 impairment
34 cognitive 35 impairment
35 impairment 37 mci
35 impairment 39 ,
36 ( 37 mci
37 mci 38 )
39 , 40 and
40 and 43 disease
40 and 45 ad
41 alzheimer 42 's
42 's 43 disease
44 ( 45 ad
45 ad 46 )

the srt is analogous to the logical memory test in wechsler memory scale - iii , which has recently been developed and standardized to apply to older adults in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 srt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 srt
2 srt 22 and
3 is 4 analogous
3 is 22 and
4 analogous 5 to
5 to 9 test
6 the 9 test
7 logical 8 memory
8 memory 9 test
9 test 10 in
9 test 17 which
9 test 18 has
10 in 13 scale
11 wechsler 12 memory
12 memory 13 scale
13 scale 15 iii
14 - 15 iii
15 iii 16 ,
17 which 18 has
18 has 20 been
19 recently 20 been
20 been 21 developed
22 and 23 standardized
22 and 24 to
24 to 25 apply
25 apply 26 to
25 apply 29 in
26 to 28 adults
27 older 28 adults
29 in 30 korea

the purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of the srt and its ability to discriminate between normal cognitive aging and patients with mci or ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 18 discriminate
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 14 and
8 examine 17 to
9 the 14 and
10 usefulness 11 of
10 usefulness 14 and
11 of 13 srt
12 the 13 srt
14 and 16 ability
15 its 16 ability
17 to 18 discriminate
18 discriminate 19 between
19 between 27 or
20 normal 22 aging
21 cognitive 22 aging
22 aging 23 and
23 and 24 patients
23 and 25 with
23 and 27 or
25 with 26 mci
27 or 28 ad

methods : one hundred and twelve patients with mci , 97 patients with ad , and 53 healthy elderly adults participated in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 hundred
3 one 4 hundred
5 and 16 and
5 and 21 participated
6 twelve 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 16 and
8 with 9 mci
9 mci 12 patients
10 , 12 patients
11 97 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
12 patients 15 ,
13 with 14 ad
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 adults
16 and 21 participated
17 53 20 adults
18 healthy 20 adults
19 elderly 20 adults
21 participated 22 in
22 in 24 study
23 this 24 study

the srt was compared with the clinical dementia rating ( cdr ) , global deterioration scale ( gds ) , korean [version] of the mini mental state examination ( k - mmse ) , and the korean version of the hopkins verbal learning test ( k - hvlt ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 srt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 srt
2 srt 3 was
3 was 4 compared
4 compared 5 with
5 with 9 rating
6 the 9 rating
7 clinical 8 dementia
8 dementia 9 rating
9 rating 11 cdr
9 rating 18 gds
10 ( 11 cdr
11 cdr 12 )
13 , 18 gds
14 global 15 deterioration
15 deterioration 16 scale
16 scale 18 gds
17 ( 18 gds
18 gds 19 )
20 , 35 and
21 korean 23 of
21 korean 35 and
23 of 28 examination
24 the 28 examination
25 mini 26 mental
26 mental 27 state
27 state 28 examination
28 examination 30 k
28 examination 32 mmse
29 ( 30 k
30 k 31 -
31 - 32 mmse
32 mmse 33 )
34 , 35 and
35 and 38 version
35 and 39 of
36 the 38 version
37 korean 38 version
39 of 44 test
40 the 44 test
41 hopkins 42 verbal
42 verbal 43 learning
43 learning 44 test
44 test 46 k
44 test 48 hvlt
45 ( 46 k
46 k 47 -
47 - 48 hvlt
48 hvlt 49 )

results : the srt was well - correlated with the dementia rating scales and [the] k - hvlt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 srt
2 : 5 was
2 : 17 -
2 : 19 .
3 the 4 srt
4 srt 5 was
5 was 6 well
6 well 8 correlated
7 - 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 17 -
9 with 14 and
10 the 11 dementia
11 dementia 12 rating
11 dementia 14 and
12 rating 13 scales
14 and 16 k
17 - 18 hvlt

however , the sensitivity [and] specificity of the srt was greatly influenced by the level of education of the subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 specificity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 specificity
3 the 6 specificity
4 sensitivity 6 specificity
6 specificity 7 of
6 specificity 10 was
7 of 9 srt
8 the 9 srt
10 was 11 greatly
10 was 12 influenced
12 influenced 13 by
13 by 15 level
14 the 15 level
15 level 16 of
16 of 17 education
17 education 18 of
18 of 20 subjects
19 the 20 subjects

conclusions : the srt is a sensitive measurement [of] verbal memory function that can be used in clinical settings to discriminate between normal memory functioning and the very early and moderate stages of ad in a korean population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 srt
2 : 5 is
2 : 39 .
3 the 4 srt
4 srt 5 is
5 is 12 function
5 is 17 in
5 is 20 to
6 a 12 function
7 sensitive 8 measurement
8 measurement 12 function
10 verbal 11 memory
11 memory 12 function
12 function 13 that
12 function 14 can
13 that 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 used
17 in 19 settings
18 clinical 19 settings
20 to 21 discriminate
21 discriminate 22 between
22 between 26 and
23 normal 24 memory
24 memory 25 functioning
24 memory 26 and
26 and 38 population
27 the 28 very
27 the 29 early
29 early 30 and
30 and 32 stages
30 and 33 of
30 and 35 in
30 and 38 population
31 moderate 32 stages
33 of 34 ad
35 in 37 korean
36 a 37 korean

moreover , it is important to recognize that the srt is more appropriate for subjects with a high level of education rather than a low level of education to differentiate normal cognitive aging from mci or ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 appropriate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 to
5 important 13 appropriate
6 to 7 recognize
7 recognize 8 that
8 that 10 srt
8 that 13 appropriate
9 the 10 srt
10 srt 11 is
12 more 13 appropriate
13 appropriate 14 for
13 appropriate 23 than
13 appropriate 29 to
14 for 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 with
15 subjects 20 of
16 with 19 level
17 a 19 level
18 high 19 level
20 of 21 education
22 rather 23 than
23 than 26 level
24 a 26 level
25 low 26 level
26 level 27 of
27 of 28 education
29 to 30 differentiate
30 differentiate 36 or
31 normal 33 aging
32 cognitive 33 aging
33 aging 34 from
33 aging 36 or
34 from 35 mci
36 or 37 ad

objective : lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) are common in aging men [and] are often associated with erectile dysfunction ( ed ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 6 symptoms
2 : 10 are
3 lower 5 tract
4 urinary 5 tract
5 tract 6 symptoms
6 symptoms 8 luts
6 symptoms 10 are
7 ( 8 luts
8 luts 9 )
10 are 11 common
11 common 12 in
12 in 13 aging
13 aging 14 men
13 aging 16 are
13 aging 18 associated
14 men 16 are
16 are 17 often
18 associated 19 with
19 with 21 dysfunction
20 erectile 21 dysfunction
21 dysfunction 23 ed
22 ( 23 ed
23 ed 24 )

the international prostate symptoms score ( ipss ) and the sexual health inventory for men ( shim ) are commonly used validated instruments for luts and ed , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 are
1 the 7 ipss
2 international 3 prostate
3 prostate 4 symptoms
4 symptoms 5 score
5 score 7 ipss
6 ( 7 ipss
7 ipss 8 )
7 ipss 9 and
9 and 13 inventory
9 and 14 for
9 and 17 shim
9 and 19 are
10 the 13 inventory
11 sexual 12 health
12 health 13 inventory
14 for 15 men
16 ( 17 shim
17 shim 18 )
19 are 20 commonly
19 are 23 instruments
19 are 24 for
19 are 29 respectively
21 used 23 instruments
22 validated 23 instruments
24 for 26 and
25 luts 26 and
26 and 27 ed
28 , 29 respectively
29 respectively 30 .

we explored the correlation between luts ( assessed by ipss ) and ed ( assessed by shim ) in men over 40 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 4 correlation
2 explored 5 between
3 the 4 correlation
5 between 12 and
6 luts 8 assessed
6 luts 12 and
7 ( 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 by
8 assessed 11 )
9 by 10 ipss
12 and 13 ed
12 and 19 in
12 and 21 over
13 ed 15 assessed
14 ( 15 assessed
15 assessed 16 by
15 assessed 18 )
16 by 17 shim
19 in 20 men
21 over 23 years
22 40 23 years
23 years 24 of
24 of 25 age

methods : a total of 585 men , 40 years [and] above , who [presented] with luts were prospectively enrolled into the study [at] single tertiary academic center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 7 men
6 585 7 men
7 men 12 above
7 men 14 who
8 , 12 above
9 40 10 years
10 years 12 above
12 above 13 ,
13 , 14 who
14 who 16 with
14 who 18 were
14 who 29 .
16 with 17 luts
18 were 20 enrolled
19 prospectively 20 enrolled
20 enrolled 21 into
21 into 28 center
22 the 28 center
23 study 28 center
25 single 28 center
26 tertiary 27 academic
27 academic 28 center

all patients were evaluated using shim and ipss questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 using
5 using 9 questionnaires
6 shim 7 and
7 and 8 ipss
8 ipss 9 questionnaires

the self - administered ipss and shim questionnaires were translated in the local language ( not validated yet ) as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 self
3 - 8 questionnaires
3 - 10 translated
3 - 22 .
4 administered 8 questionnaires
5 ipss 6 and
6 and 7 shim
7 shim 8 questionnaires
8 questionnaires 9 were
9 were 10 translated
10 translated 11 in
10 translated 18 yet
10 translated 21 well
11 in 14 language
12 the 14 language
13 local 14 language
15 ( 16 not
15 ( 18 yet
16 not 17 validated
18 yet 19 )
20 as 21 well

the data were analyzed using spss version 13.0 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 using
5 using 7 version
6 spss 7 version
7 version 8 13.0

the correlation coefficient between ipss and shim scores were determined , and the scatter diagram was made . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 coefficient
2 correlation 3 coefficient
3 coefficient 4 between
3 coefficient 6 and
4 between 5 ipss
6 and 8 scores
6 and 9 were
7 shim 8 scores
9 were 10 determined
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 diagram
12 and 17 made
13 the 15 diagram
14 scatter 15 diagram
15 diagram 16 was
16 was 17 made

results and limitations : the mean age ( sd ) of the group [was] 59.61 ± 11.75 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 limitations
4 : 7 age
5 the 7 age
6 mean 7 age
7 age 9 sd
7 age 11 of
8 ( 9 sd
9 sd 10 )
11 of 18 years
12 the 18 years
13 group 18 years
15 59.61 18 years
16 ± 18 years
17 11.75 18 years

the correlation between age and ed was statistically significant ( p [value] < 0.001 ) with coefficient [of] 0.376 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 between
2 correlation 7 was
3 between 5 and
4 age 5 and
5 and 6 ed
7 was 9 significant
8 statistically 9 significant
9 significant 13 <
9 significant 16 with
10 ( 13 <
11 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.001
13 < 15 )
16 with 17 coefficient
17 coefficient 19 0.376

the correlation between age and luts was statistically significant ( p [value] < 0.001 ) with coefficient [of] 0.312 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 between
2 correlation 7 was
3 between 5 and
4 age 5 and
5 and 6 luts
7 was 9 significant
8 statistically 9 significant
9 significant 13 <
9 significant 16 with
10 ( 13 <
11 p 13 <
13 < 14 0.001
13 < 15 )
16 with 17 coefficient
17 coefficient 19 0.312

additionally , the correlation between ed and luts was statistically significant ( p [value] < 0.001 ) with coefficient [of] 0.336 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 correlation
3 the 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 between
4 correlation 9 was
5 between 7 and
6 ed 7 and
7 and 8 luts
9 was 11 significant
10 statistically 11 significant
11 significant 15 <
11 significant 18 with
12 ( 15 <
13 p 15 <
15 < 16 0.001
15 < 17 )
18 with 19 coefficient
19 coefficient 21 0.336

conclusions : we noted a significant correlation between the severity of luts and ed , while confirming the earlier established correlation between age , luts , and ed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 noted
2 : 24 ,
3 we 4 noted
4 noted 7 correlation
4 noted 8 between
4 noted 16 while
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 correlation
6 significant 7 correlation
8 between 10 severity
9 the 10 severity
10 severity 11 of
11 of 14 ed
12 luts 13 and
13 and 14 ed
15 , 16 while
16 while 17 confirming
16 while 24 ,
17 confirming 21 correlation
17 confirming 22 between
18 the 21 correlation
19 earlier 21 correlation
20 established 21 correlation
22 between 23 age
24 , 27 and
25 luts 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 ed

the exact nature of this relationship and its pathophysiology needs to be determined by further studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 nature
2 exact 3 nature
3 nature 4 of
3 nature 10 needs
4 of 7 and
5 this 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 and
7 and 9 pathophysiology
8 its 9 pathophysiology
10 needs 11 to
10 needs 12 be
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 determined
13 determined 14 by
14 by 16 studies
15 further 16 studies

the aim of this article was to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the body mass index ( bmi ) cut - off points proposed by the world health organization ( who ) and the nutrition screening initiative ( nsi ) for the diagnosis of obesity in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 verify
7 to 8 verify
8 verify 11 and
8 verify 25 proposed
9 the 10 sensitivity
10 sensitivity 11 and
11 and 12 specificity
11 and 22 -
11 and 23 off
11 and 25 proposed
12 specificity 13 of
12 specificity 21 cut
13 of 17 index
14 the 17 index
15 body 17 index
16 mass 17 index
17 index 19 bmi
18 ( 19 bmi
19 bmi 20 )
23 off 24 points
25 proposed 26 by
25 proposed 47 in
26 by 34 and
27 the 32 who
28 world 29 health
29 health 30 organization
30 organization 32 who
31 ( 32 who
32 who 33 )
32 who 34 and
34 and 40 nsi
34 and 42 for
34 and 45 of
35 the 40 nsi
36 nutrition 37 screening
37 screening 38 initiative
38 initiative 40 nsi
39 ( 40 nsi
40 nsi 41 )
42 for 44 diagnosis
43 the 44 diagnosis
45 of 46 obesity
47 in 49 elderly
48 the 49 elderly

a cross - sectional study was made with 180 healthy elderly subjects from florianópolis , santa catarina state , brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 a 2 cross
3 - 5 study
3 - 7 made
3 - 19 ,
3 - 21 .
4 sectional 5 study
5 study 6 was
6 was 7 made
7 made 8 with
8 with 12 subjects
9 180 12 subjects
10 healthy 12 subjects
11 elderly 12 subjects
12 subjects 13 from
13 from 14 florianópolis
14 florianópolis 18 state
15 , 18 state
16 santa 17 catarina
17 catarina 18 state
18 state 19 ,
19 , 20 brazil

body fat [percentage] ( %bf ) was determined using dexa ( dual energy x - ray absorptiometry ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 body 2 fat
2 fat 5 %bf
2 fat 7 was
4 ( 5 %bf
5 %bf 6 )
7 was 8 determined
8 determined 9 using
9 using 10 dexa
10 dexa 13 energy
11 ( 13 energy
12 dual 13 energy
13 energy 14 x
13 energy 17 absorptiometry
13 energy 18 )
15 - 17 absorptiometry
16 ray 17 absorptiometry
17 absorptiometry 18 )

the bmi cut - off [point] of the nsi offers better sensitivity and specificity for men ( 73.7 [%] and 72.5 % [respectively] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 the 3 cut
2 bmi 3 cut
4 - 10 offers
4 - 11 better
4 - 25 .
5 off 7 of
7 of 9 nsi
7 of 10 offers
8 the 9 nsi
10 offers 11 better
11 better 13 and
11 better 15 for
12 sensitivity 13 and
13 and 14 specificity
15 for 16 men
16 men 22 %
17 ( 22 %
18 73.7 20 and
20 and 21 72.5
20 and 22 %
22 % 24 )

for women , the lower [the] cut - [off] point the better [the] sensitivity , with a bmi of 25 [kg] / m² ( sensitivity of 76.3 % and specificity of 100 % ) being the most accurate for diagnosing obesity in elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 point
1 for 2 women
2 women 7 cut
2 women 10 point
3 , 7 cut
4 the 7 cut
5 lower 7 cut
7 cut 8 -
10 point 14 sensitivity
10 point 16 with
11 the 14 sensitivity
12 better 14 sensitivity
15 , 16 with
16 with 18 bmi
16 with 45 .
17 a 18 bmi
18 bmi 19 of
18 bmi 29 and
19 of 23 m²
20 25 23 m²
22 / 23 m²
24 ( 29 and
25 sensitivity 26 of
25 sensitivity 29 and
26 of 28 %
27 76.3 28 %
29 and 30 specificity
29 and 34 )
29 and 35 being
29 and 45 .
30 specificity 31 of
31 of 33 %
32 100 33 %
35 being 37 most
36 the 37 most
37 most 38 accurate
38 accurate 39 for
38 accurate 42 in
39 for 40 diagnosing
40 diagnosing 41 obesity
42 in 44 women
43 elderly 44 women

the who cut [-] off [point] offered very low sensitivity ( 28.9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 offered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 who
2 who 3 cut
2 who 7 offered
3 cut 5 off
7 offered 10 sensitivity
8 very 9 low
9 low 10 sensitivity
10 sensitivity 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 28.9 13 %
13 % 14 )

the results of this investigation lead to the conclusion that the cut [-] off points proposed by the who and the ones adopted by the nsi and by lipschitz are not good indicators of obesity for the elderly of either sex , since they offer low sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 lead
3 of 5 investigation
4 this 5 investigation
6 lead 7 to
7 to 9 conclusion
8 the 9 conclusion
9 conclusion 10 that
10 that 12 cut
10 that 16 proposed
11 the 12 cut
12 cut 14 off
12 cut 16 proposed
14 off 15 points
16 proposed 17 by
17 by 19 who
18 the 19 who
20 and 22 ones
20 and 30 are
21 the 22 ones
22 ones 23 adopted
22 ones 27 and
22 ones 30 are
24 by 26 nsi
24 by 27 and
25 the 26 nsi
27 and 28 by
28 by 29 lipschitz
30 are 31 not
30 are 33 indicators
30 are 43 since
32 good 33 indicators
33 indicators 34 of
33 indicators 36 for
33 indicators 39 of
34 of 35 obesity
36 for 38 elderly
37 the 38 elderly
39 of 41 sex
40 either 41 sex
42 , 43 since
43 since 44 they
43 since 45 offer
43 since 48 .
44 they 45 offer
45 offer 47 sensitivity
46 low 47 sensitivity

aim : the objective of this article is to evaluate the relationship between the changes in prescriptions of antiosteoporotic drugs ( mainly the rapid fall in the use of bisphosphonates [ bps ] ) and standardized hip fracture ( hf ) rates over the period 2005 - 2008 in the australian capital territory ( act ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
2 : 4 objective
2 : 8 is
3 the 4 objective
4 objective 5 of
4 objective 8 is
5 of 7 article
6 this 7 article
8 is 9 to
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 42 rates
10 evaluate 43 over
10 evaluate 49 in
11 the 12 relationship
12 relationship 13 between
12 relationship 18 of
12 relationship 35 and
13 between 15 changes
14 the 15 changes
15 changes 16 in
16 in 17 prescriptions
18 of 20 drugs
19 antiosteoporotic 20 drugs
20 drugs 25 fall
21 ( 22 mainly
21 ( 25 fall
23 the 25 fall
24 rapid 25 fall
25 fall 26 in
25 fall 29 of
25 fall 32 bps
25 fall 34 )
26 in 28 use
27 the 28 use
29 of 30 bisphosphonates
31 [ 32 bps
32 bps 33 ]
35 and 38 fracture
35 and 40 hf
35 and 42 rates
36 standardized 38 fracture
37 hip 38 fracture
39 ( 40 hf
40 hf 41 )
43 over 45 period
44 the 45 period
45 period 47 -
46 2005 47 -
47 - 48 2008
49 in 55 act
50 the 51 australian
51 australian 55 act
52 capital 53 territory
53 territory 55 act
54 ( 55 act
55 act 56 )

methods : annual sex - and age - specific hf rates [(] per 100,000 population ) were determined and standardized using the australian 2006 population census . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 sex
3 annual 4 sex
5 - 6 and
6 and 7 age
6 and 19 and
7 age 11 rates
7 age 19 and
8 - 11 rates
9 specific 11 rates
10 hf 11 rates
11 rates 13 per
11 rates 16 )
13 per 15 population
14 100,000 15 population
17 were 18 determined
17 were 19 and
19 and 20 standardized
19 and 21 using
21 using 26 census
22 the 26 census
23 australian 25 population
24 2006 25 population
25 population 26 census

data on the annual prescriptions of bps ( mainly alendronate and risedronate ) , strontium ranelate , and hormone replacement therapy were obtained from the australian pharmaceutical benefits scheme ( pbs ) and repatriation australian pharmaceutical benefits scheme ( rpbs ) databases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 data 2 on
1 data 6 of
1 data 18 and
2 on 5 prescriptions
3 the 5 prescriptions
4 annual 5 prescriptions
6 of 7 bps
7 bps 11 and
7 bps 16 ranelate
8 ( 9 mainly
8 ( 11 and
10 alendronate 11 and
11 and 12 risedronate
11 and 13 )
14 , 16 ranelate
15 strontium 16 ranelate
16 ranelate 17 ,
18 and 21 therapy
18 and 22 were
19 hormone 21 therapy
20 replacement 21 therapy
22 were 23 obtained
23 obtained 24 from
24 from 31 pbs
25 the 26 australian
26 australian 31 pbs
27 pharmaceutical 28 benefits
28 benefits 29 scheme
29 scheme 31 pbs
30 ( 31 pbs
31 pbs 32 )
33 and 40 rpbs
33 and 42 databases
34 repatriation 35 australian
35 australian 40 rpbs
36 pharmaceutical 37 benefits
37 benefits 38 scheme
38 scheme 40 rpbs
39 ( 40 rpbs
40 rpbs 41 )
40 rpbs 42 databases

results : in the act , the peak annual number of prescriptions for bps was observed in 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 number
2 : 16 observed
2 : 19 .
3 in 5 act
3 in 6 ,
3 in 10 number
4 the 5 act
7 the 10 number
8 peak 10 number
9 annual 10 number
10 number 11 of
10 number 13 for
10 number 15 was
11 of 12 prescriptions
13 for 14 bps
15 was 16 observed
16 observed 17 in
17 in 18 2006

following reports linking osteonecrosis of the jaw with bp use , the number of bp prescriptions dropped by 14 % in 2007 - 2008 compared with 2005 , when the lowest hf rates were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 prescriptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 dropped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 following 2 reports
1 following 8 with
1 following 11 ,
1 following 16 prescriptions
2 reports 3 linking
3 linking 4 osteonecrosis
4 osteonecrosis 5 of
5 of 7 jaw
6 the 7 jaw
8 with 9 bp
8 with 10 use
12 the 13 number
13 number 14 of
13 number 16 prescriptions
14 of 16 prescriptions
15 bp 16 prescriptions
16 prescriptions 17 dropped
17 dropped 18 by
17 dropped 29 when
18 by 20 %
19 14 20 %
20 % 21 in
21 in 22 2007
22 2007 24 2008
23 - 24 2008
24 2008 25 compared
24 2008 26 with
24 2008 28 ,
26 with 27 2005
29 when 33 rates
29 when 35 recorded
30 the 31 lowest
30 the 33 rates
32 hf 33 rates
33 rates 34 were
34 were 35 recorded

the reduction in bp prescriptions coincided with increased hf rates in females in 2007 ( +22.6 [%] ) and in 2008 ( +25.2 [%] ) compared with 2005 ; in males , hf [incidence] declined by 6.6 [%] and 16.7 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ;
1 the 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 in
2 reduction 8 increased
3 in 4 bp
4 bp 5 prescriptions
4 bp 7 with
5 prescriptions 6 coincided
6 coincided 7 with
8 increased 10 rates
9 hf 10 rates
10 rates 11 in
10 rates 19 and
10 rates 26 compared
11 in 12 females
13 in 14 2007
13 in 19 and
14 2007 16 +22.6
15 ( 16 +22.6
16 +22.6 18 )
19 and 20 in
20 in 21 2008
21 2008 23 +25.2
22 ( 23 +25.2
23 +25.2 25 )
26 compared 27 with
27 with 28 2005
29 ; 33 hf
29 ; 35 declined
30 in 31 males
30 in 32 ,
30 in 33 hf
33 hf 35 declined
35 declined 36 by
35 declined 43 respectively
36 by 41 %
37 6.6 39 and
39 and 40 16.7
39 and 41 %
42 , 43 respectively
43 respectively 44 .

the proportion of filled prescriptions for strontium ranelate , risedronate , and alendronate in 2007 - 2008 was 1:8.4:15.5 , indicating that bps were the dominant antiosteoporotic drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 was
1 the 2 proportion
2 proportion 3 of
2 proportion 6 for
2 proportion 18 was
3 of 5 prescriptions
4 filled 5 prescriptions
6 for 12 and
7 strontium 8 ranelate
8 ranelate 9 ,
9 , 10 risedronate
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 alendronate
12 and 14 in
14 in 16 -
15 2007 16 -
16 - 17 2008
18 was 19 1:8.4:15.5
19 1:8.4:15.5 21 indicating
20 , 21 indicating
21 indicating 22 that
21 indicating 29 .
22 that 23 bps
22 that 24 were
23 bps 24 were
24 were 28 drugs
25 the 28 drugs
26 dominant 28 drugs
27 antiosteoporotic 28 drugs

there was an inverse statistically significant relationship between the total annual number of bp prescriptions and standardized hf incidence rates for the 10 - year period 1999 - 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 there 16 and
2 was 7 relationship
2 was 8 between
2 was 16 and
3 an 4 inverse
3 an 7 relationship
4 inverse 7 relationship
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 7 relationship
8 between 12 number
9 the 12 number
10 total 11 annual
11 annual 12 number
12 number 13 of
13 of 15 prescriptions
14 bp 15 prescriptions
16 and 17 standardized
16 and 29 2008
17 standardized 20 rates
18 hf 19 incidence
19 incidence 20 rates
20 rates 21 for
21 for 23 10
22 the 23 10
23 10 26 period
24 - 26 period
25 year 26 period
26 period 27 1999
26 period 28 -

conclusion : although currently there is no clear understanding of factors contributing to changing hf epidemiology , the available evidence suggests that much of the decline in hf rates is due to the use of bps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 20 evidence
2 : 21 suggests
2 : 37 .
3 although 5 there
3 although 6 is
3 although 17 ,
3 although 20 evidence
4 currently 5 there
5 there 6 is
6 is 9 understanding
7 no 9 understanding
8 clear 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
10 of 11 factors
11 factors 12 contributing
11 factors 13 to
13 to 14 changing
14 changing 16 epidemiology
15 hf 16 epidemiology
18 the 20 evidence
19 available 20 evidence
20 evidence 21 suggests
21 suggests 22 that
22 that 23 much
22 that 30 is
23 much 24 of
23 much 30 is
24 of 26 decline
25 the 26 decline
26 decline 27 in
27 in 29 rates
28 hf 29 rates
30 is 32 to
31 due 32 to
32 to 34 use
33 the 34 use
34 use 35 of
35 of 36 bps

the fall in the use of bps is associated with an increase in hf rates in females , indicating that bps should still be considered the first - line medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
1 the 2 fall
2 fall 3 in
2 fall 8 is
3 in 5 use
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 7 bps
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 13 in
10 with 12 increase
11 an 12 increase
13 in 15 rates
14 hf 15 rates
15 rates 16 in
16 in 17 females
17 females 19 indicating
18 , 19 indicating
19 indicating 20 that
19 indicating 38 .
20 that 21 bps
20 that 25 considered
21 bps 22 should
22 should 24 be
23 still 24 be
24 be 25 considered
25 considered 27 first
26 the 27 first
27 first 34 and
28 - 34 and
29 line 30 medications
30 medications 31 for
30 medications 34 and
31 for 33 prevention
32 the 33 prevention
34 and 35 treatment
34 and 36 of
34 and 38 .
36 of 37 osteoporosis

our results need to be confirmed in other populations and countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 need
3 need 4 to
3 need 6 confirmed
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 confirmed
6 confirmed 7 in
7 in 10 and
8 other 9 populations
9 populations 10 and
10 and 11 countries

bone remodeling requires a precise balance between resorption and formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 remodeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 bone 2 remodeling
2 remodeling 3 requires
3 requires 6 balance
3 requires 7 between
4 a 5 precise
4 a 6 balance
5 precise 6 balance
7 between 9 and
8 resorption 9 and
9 and 10 formation

it is a complex process that involves numerous factors : hormones , growth factors , vitamins , and cytokines , and [notably] osteoprotegerin ( opg ) and receptor activator for nuclear [factor] - κb ( rank ) ligand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 5 process
2 is 10 :
3 a 4 complex
3 a 5 process
4 complex 5 process
5 process 6 that
5 process 7 involves
6 that 7 involves
7 involves 9 factors
8 numerous 9 factors
10 : 27 and
10 : 38 ligand
11 hormones 12 ,
12 , 14 factors
12 , 15 ,
13 growth 14 factors
15 , 16 vitamins
15 , 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 cytokines
18 and 20 ,
18 and 21 and
21 and 23 osteoprotegerin
21 and 25 opg
21 and 27 and
24 ( 25 opg
25 opg 26 )
27 and 29 activator
27 and 30 for
27 and 36 rank
27 and 38 ligand
28 receptor 29 activator
30 for 34 κb
31 nuclear 33 -
31 nuclear 34 κb
35 ( 36 rank
36 rank 37 )

the signaling pathway opg/rank/rankl is key to regulation for maintaining the balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in order to prevent bone loss and ensure a normal bone turnover . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 pathway
2 signaling 3 pathway
3 pathway 4 opg/rank/rankl
3 pathway 16 of
3 pathway 18 and
4 opg/rank/rankl 5 is
5 is 6 key
6 key 7 to
6 key 9 for
6 key 12 balance
6 key 13 between
7 to 8 regulation
9 for 10 maintaining
11 the 12 balance
13 between 15 activity
14 the 15 activity
15 activity 16 of
17 osteoblasts 18 and
18 and 19 osteoclasts
18 and 20 in
20 in 21 order
21 order 22 to
21 order 26 and
22 to 26 and
23 prevent 25 loss
23 prevent 26 and
24 bone 25 loss
26 and 27 ensure
26 and 31 turnover
28 a 29 normal
28 a 31 turnover
29 normal 30 bone
30 bone 31 turnover

in this review , the rank/rankl/opg pathway is described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 pathway
2 this 3 review
5 the 7 pathway
6 rank/rankl/opg 7 pathway
7 pathway 8 is
8 is 9 described

the multiple interactions of various factors ( hormones , cytokines , growth factors , and vitamins ) with the opg/rank/rankl pathway are also [commented] on . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 interactions
2 multiple 3 interactions
3 interactions 4 of
3 interactions 18 with
3 interactions 22 are
4 of 6 factors
5 various 6 factors
6 factors 15 and
7 ( 15 and
8 hormones 9 ,
9 , 10 cytokines
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 factors
11 , 15 and
12 growth 13 factors
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 vitamins
15 and 17 )
18 with 21 pathway
19 the 21 pathway
20 opg/rank/rankl 21 pathway
22 are 23 also
22 are 25 on

finally , the effects of denosumab , a human monoclonal antibody that binds to rankl and thereby inhibits the activation of osteoclasts , and [of] strontium ranelate are also described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 24 and
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 24 and
5 of 6 denosumab
6 denosumab 11 antibody
7 , 11 antibody
8 a 9 human
8 a 11 antibody
9 human 11 antibody
10 monoclonal 11 antibody
11 antibody 12 that
11 antibody 16 and
11 antibody 23 ,
12 that 16 and
13 binds 14 to
13 binds 16 and
14 to 15 rankl
16 and 18 inhibits
17 thereby 18 inhibits
18 inhibits 20 activation
19 the 20 activation
20 activation 21 of
21 of 22 osteoclasts
24 and 27 ranelate
24 and 28 are
26 strontium 27 ranelate
28 are 29 also
28 are 30 described

indeed , these two new drugs afford appreciable assistance in daily care practice , helping to prevent bone loss in patients with osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 afford
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 6 drugs
3 these 4 two
4 two 6 drugs
5 new 6 drugs
6 drugs 7 afford
7 afford 9 assistance
8 appreciable 9 assistance
9 assistance 10 in
10 in 13 practice
11 daily 12 care
12 care 13 practice
13 practice 15 helping
14 , 15 helping
15 helping 16 to
15 helping 17 prevent
15 helping 24 .
16 to 17 prevent
17 prevent 19 loss
17 prevent 20 in
17 prevent 22 with
18 bone 19 loss
20 in 21 patients
22 with 23 osteoporosis

colles ' fractures ( fractures of the distal radius ) are extremely common in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 colles 2 '
2 ' 3 fractures
3 fractures 5 fractures
3 fractures 11 are
4 ( 5 fractures
5 fractures 6 of
5 fractures 10 )
6 of 9 radius
7 the 9 radius
8 distal 9 radius
11 are 13 common
12 extremely 13 common
13 common 14 in
14 in 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly

these fractures tend to result in displacement in elderly people because they have [osteoporotic] bone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 fractures
2 fractures 3 tend
3 tend 4 to
3 tend 5 result
4 to 5 result
5 result 6 in
5 result 8 in
6 in 7 displacement
8 in 10 people
9 elderly 10 people
10 people 11 because
10 people 13 have
11 because 12 they
12 they 13 have
13 have 15 bone

fracture displacement in the elderly , however , does not necessarily result in functional impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 displacement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 fracture 2 displacement
2 displacement 3 in
2 displacement 9 does
3 in 5 elderly
4 the 5 elderly
6 , 7 however
7 however 8 ,
7 however 9 does
9 does 10 not
9 does 12 result
11 necessarily 12 result
12 result 13 in
13 in 15 impairment
14 functional 15 impairment

this review looks at the current literature on distal radius fractures in the elderly and the treatment options for stabilization of these fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 looks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 looks
3 looks 4 at
4 at 15 and
5 the 7 literature
6 current 7 literature
7 literature 8 on
7 literature 15 and
8 on 11 fractures
9 distal 10 radius
10 radius 11 fractures
11 fractures 12 in
12 in 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
15 and 18 options
15 and 19 for
15 and 21 of
16 the 18 options
17 treatment 18 options
19 for 20 stabilization
21 of 23 fractures
22 these 23 fractures

these include conservative management with cast immobilization or surgical options : internal fixation , external fixation , percutaneous pinning , and bone substitutes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 4 management
2 include 5 with
3 conservative 4 management
5 with 8 or
6 cast 7 immobilization
7 immobilization 8 or
8 or 10 options
8 or 11 :
9 surgical 10 options
11 : 21 and
12 internal 13 fixation
13 fixation 14 ,
14 , 16 fixation
14 , 17 ,
15 external 16 fixation
17 , 19 pinning
17 , 21 and
18 percutaneous 19 pinning
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 substitutes
22 bone 23 substitutes

objective : the use of physicians is more common than of behavioral specialists , especially in underserved asian american communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 use
2 : 7 is
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 7 is
5 of 6 physicians
7 is 9 common
8 more 9 common
9 common 10 than
10 than 11 of
11 of 13 specialists
12 behavioral 13 specialists
13 specialists 16 in
14 , 15 especially
14 , 16 in
16 in 20 communities
16 in 21 .
17 underserved 18 asian
18 asian 20 communities
19 american 20 communities

despite a rapidly aging asian american population , research has overlooked older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 overlooked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 despite 7 population
1 despite 8 ,
1 despite 9 research
2 a 7 population
3 rapidly 4 aging
4 aging 5 asian
5 asian 7 population
6 american 7 population
9 research 10 has
10 has 11 overlooked
11 overlooked 13 people
12 older 13 people

this study examines the way mental health need affects the number of physician contacts by older asian americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 5 way
3 examines 8 need
3 examines 9 affects
4 the 5 way
6 mental 7 health
7 health 8 need
8 need 9 affects
9 affects 14 contacts
9 affects 15 by
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 14 contacts
12 of 14 contacts
13 physician 14 contacts
15 by 18 americans
16 older 17 asian
17 asian 18 americans

method : this study uses data on self [-] identified asian americans aged over age 50 years derived from the 2001 california health interview survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 uses
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 uses
5 uses 6 data
6 data 7 on
6 data 13 aged
6 data 17 years
6 data 18 derived
7 on 12 americans
8 self 12 americans
10 identified 11 asian
11 asian 12 americans
13 aged 14 over
14 over 15 age
16 50 17 years
17 years 18 derived
18 derived 19 from
19 from 25 survey
20 the 25 survey
21 2001 22 california
22 california 23 health
23 health 24 interview
24 interview 25 survey

a total of 1191 asian americans from chinese , filipino , korean , and vietnamese backgrounds were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 9 ,
3 of 6 americans
4 1191 6 americans
5 asian 6 americans
6 americans 7 from
7 from 8 chinese
9 , 10 filipino
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 korean
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 backgrounds
14 and 17 were
15 vietnamese 16 backgrounds
17 were 18 studied

replicate weights [were] applied to account for the survey 's complex sampling methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 replicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 replicate 2 weights
2 weights 4 applied
4 applied 5 to
5 to 6 account
6 account 7 for
7 for 11 complex
8 the 9 survey
9 survey 10 's
10 's 11 complex
11 complex 12 sampling
12 sampling 13 methods

linear regression was used to identify the number of physician contacts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 linear 2 regression
2 regression 3 was
3 was 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 identify
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 11 contacts
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 11 contacts
9 of 11 contacts
10 physician 11 contacts

results : overall , respondents had seen a doctor an average of five times in the previous 12 months ; 7 % perceived that they had a mental health need . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 overall
2 : 4 ,
4 , 5 respondents
4 , 7 seen
4 , 20 ;
5 respondents 6 had
6 had 7 seen
7 seen 9 doctor
7 seen 15 in
8 a 9 doctor
9 doctor 11 average
9 doctor 14 times
10 an 11 average
11 average 12 of
11 average 14 times
12 of 13 five
15 in 19 months
16 the 17 previous
16 the 18 12
18 12 19 months
20 ; 22 %
20 ; 23 perceived
21 7 22 %
22 % 23 perceived
23 perceived 24 that
24 that 25 they
24 that 26 had
25 they 26 had
26 had 30 need
27 a 28 mental
27 a 30 need
28 mental 29 health
29 health 30 need

perceiving a mental health need was associated with a decreased number of physician contacts for filipino and korean americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 perceiving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 perceiving 5 need
1 perceiving 6 was
2 a 5 need
3 mental 4 health
4 health 5 need
6 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 15 for
8 with 14 contacts
9 a 11 number
10 decreased 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 14 contacts
12 of 14 contacts
13 physician 14 contacts
15 for 17 and
16 filipino 17 and
17 and 19 americans
18 korean 19 americans

conclusion : this study revealed interethnic differences among older asian americans ' contact with physicians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 revealed
2 : 16 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 revealed
5 revealed 7 differences
5 revealed 8 among
5 revealed 14 with
6 interethnic 7 differences
8 among 13 contact
9 older 10 asian
10 asian 11 americans
11 americans 12 '
12 ' 13 contact
14 with 15 physicians

as older filipino and korean americans who perceive a mental health need have fewer contacts with their physician , correctly identifying mental health needs in the health care system for these groups is crucial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 identifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 as 4 and
1 as 13 have
1 as 19 ,
1 as 21 identifying
2 older 3 filipino
3 filipino 4 and
4 and 6 americans
4 and 7 who
4 and 8 perceive
4 and 13 have
5 korean 6 americans
7 who 8 perceive
8 perceive 12 need
9 a 10 mental
9 a 12 need
10 mental 11 health
11 health 12 need
13 have 15 contacts
13 have 16 with
14 fewer 15 contacts
16 with 18 physician
17 their 18 physician
20 correctly 21 identifying
21 identifying 24 needs
21 identifying 25 in
21 identifying 30 for
21 identifying 33 is
22 mental 23 health
23 health 24 needs
25 in 29 system
26 the 29 system
27 health 28 care
28 care 29 system
30 for 32 groups
31 these 32 groups
33 is 34 crucial

health and mental health professionals can work toward reducing mental health disparities by accounting for older asian americans ' help - seeking patterns when designing evidence - based interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 and 5 professionals
2 and 7 work
3 mental 4 health
4 health 5 professionals
5 professionals 6 can
6 can 7 work
7 work 8 toward
7 work 13 by
7 work 15 for
8 toward 9 reducing
9 reducing 12 disparities
10 mental 11 health
11 health 12 disparities
13 by 14 accounting
15 for 20 help
16 older 17 asian
17 asian 18 americans
18 americans 19 '
19 ' 20 help
20 help 22 seeking
20 help 28 based
21 - 22 seeking
22 seeking 23 patterns
22 seeking 24 when
22 seeking 27 -
24 when 25 designing
25 designing 26 evidence
28 based 29 interventions

less than half of older adults with depression achieve remission with antidepressant medications , and rates of remission are even poorer for those with comorbid conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 achieve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 less 2 than
2 than 3 half
3 half 4 of
3 half 9 achieve
4 of 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 with
7 with 8 depression
9 achieve 10 remission
9 achieve 11 with
11 with 13 medications
12 antidepressant 13 medications
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 rates
15 and 19 are
16 rates 17 of
16 rates 19 are
17 of 18 remission
19 are 20 even
19 are 21 poorer
21 poorer 22 for
21 poorer 24 with
22 for 23 those
24 with 26 conditions
25 comorbid 26 conditions

psychosocial interventions have been effective in treating geriatric depression , either alone [or] better yet , in combination [with] antidepressant medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 psychosocial 2 interventions
2 interventions 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 effective
5 effective 6 in
6 in 7 treating
7 treating 9 depression
7 treating 17 in
8 geriatric 9 depression
9 depression 12 alone
10 , 12 alone
11 either 12 alone
12 alone 14 better
12 alone 15 yet
12 alone 16 ,
17 in 21 medications
18 combination 21 medications
20 antidepressant 21 medications

traditional strategies for nonpharmacological treatment of late - life depression do not specifically address the co - occurring cognitive impairment and disability that is prevalent in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 traditional 2 strategies
2 strategies 3 for
2 strategies 11 do
3 for 5 treatment
4 nonpharmacological 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 of
6 of 10 depression
7 late 8 -
7 late 9 life
9 life 10 depression
11 do 12 not
11 do 14 address
13 specifically 14 address
14 address 16 co
15 the 16 co
17 - 21 and
17 - 29 .
18 occurring 20 impairment
19 cognitive 20 impairment
20 impairment 21 and
21 and 22 disability
21 and 23 that
21 and 24 is
23 that 24 is
24 is 25 prevalent
25 prevalent 26 in
26 in 28 population
27 this 28 population

newer therapies are recognizing the need to simultaneously direct treatment efforts in late - life depression towards the triad of depressive symptoms , cognitive dysfunction , and functional disability that is so often found in geriatric depression , and this comprehensive approach holds promise for improved treatment outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 therapies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 newer 2 therapies
2 therapies 3 are
3 are 4 recognizing
4 recognizing 6 need
4 recognizing 7 to
5 the 6 need
7 to 9 direct
8 simultaneously 9 direct
9 direct 11 efforts
9 direct 17 towards
10 treatment 11 efforts
11 efforts 12 in
12 in 16 depression
13 late 14 -
13 late 15 life
15 life 16 depression
17 towards 19 triad
18 the 19 triad
19 triad 20 of
20 of 22 symptoms
21 depressive 22 symptoms
23 , 27 and
23 , 44 promise
24 cognitive 25 dysfunction
25 dysfunction 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 functional
27 and 29 disability
27 and 43 holds
27 and 44 promise
29 disability 34 found
29 disability 43 holds
30 that 31 is
31 is 34 found
32 so 34 found
33 often 34 found
34 found 35 in
35 in 39 and
36 geriatric 37 depression
37 depression 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 42 approach
40 this 41 comprehensive
41 comprehensive 42 approach
44 promise 45 for
45 for 48 outcomes
46 improved 47 treatment
47 treatment 48 outcomes

purpose : the continual search for new products for soft - tissue augmentation has in recent years led to the introduction of long lasting alternatives to hyaluronic acids and collagen that are composed of other polymers able to improve clinical persistence over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
2 : 29 and
3 the 5 search
4 continual 5 search
5 search 6 for
5 search 9 for
5 search 29 and
6 for 8 products
7 new 8 products
9 for 12 tissue
10 soft 11 -
10 soft 12 tissue
12 tissue 13 augmentation
12 tissue 14 has
13 augmentation 14 has
14 has 15 in
14 has 19 to
15 in 17 years
16 recent 17 years
17 years 18 led
19 to 21 introduction
20 the 21 introduction
21 introduction 22 of
21 introduction 26 to
22 of 25 alternatives
23 long 25 alternatives
24 lasting 25 alternatives
26 to 28 acids
27 hyaluronic 28 acids
29 and 30 collagen
29 and 31 that
29 and 32 are
31 that 32 are
32 are 34 of
33 composed 34 of
34 of 36 polymers
34 of 42 over
35 other 36 polymers
36 polymers 37 able
37 able 38 to
37 able 39 improve
38 to 39 improve
39 improve 41 persistence
40 clinical 41 persistence
42 over 43 time

this is the first report in which sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ( cmc ) has been chemically treated by the cross - linking process [and] thus used as a hydrogel for soft - tissue augmentation through injection with thin needles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 report
2 is 22 linking
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 report
5 report 6 in
6 in 7 which
6 in 10 cellulose
6 in 17 treated
8 sodium 10 cellulose
9 carboxymethyl 10 cellulose
10 cellulose 12 cmc
10 cellulose 14 has
11 ( 12 cmc
12 cmc 13 )
14 has 15 been
15 been 17 treated
16 chemically 17 treated
17 treated 18 by
18 by 20 cross
19 the 20 cross
21 - 22 linking
22 linking 23 process
22 linking 40 .
23 process 26 used
23 process 30 for
25 thus 26 used
26 used 27 as
27 as 29 hydrogel
28 a 29 hydrogel
30 for 36 injection
31 soft 32 -
31 soft 34 augmentation
33 tissue 34 augmentation
34 augmentation 36 injection
35 through 36 injection
36 injection 37 with
37 with 39 needles
38 thin 39 needles

the study evaluates , from a clinical point of view , the behavior [of] cross - linked carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel used in the aesthetic field and its side effects so as to check the safety and performance of the polymer following intradermal injections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 evaluates
3 evaluates 5 from
3 evaluates 15 cross
4 , 5 from
5 from 8 point
5 from 11 ,
6 a 8 point
7 clinical 8 point
8 point 9 of
9 of 10 view
12 the 15 cross
13 behavior 15 cross
16 - 36 and
17 linked 18 carboxymethyl
18 carboxymethyl 20 hydrogel
19 cellulose 20 hydrogel
20 hydrogel 21 used
20 hydrogel 36 and
21 used 22 in
21 used 32 to
22 in 26 and
23 the 25 field
24 aesthetic 25 field
25 field 26 and
26 and 29 effects
27 its 29 effects
28 side 29 effects
30 so 31 as
31 as 32 to
32 to 33 check
33 check 35 safety
34 the 35 safety
36 and 37 performance
36 and 38 of
38 of 40 polymer
39 the 40 polymer
40 polymer 41 following
41 following 43 injections
42 intradermal 43 injections

patients and methods : this work shows the preliminary results of an ongoing clinical study conducted between 2006 and 2009 , performed on 84 healthy volunteers ( 62 females , 22 males ) aged between 18 and 72 years [,] for the treatment of 168 nasolabial folds , 45 perioral wrinkles , and 39 lip volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 work
5 this 6 work
6 work 7 shows
7 shows 10 results
7 shows 16 conducted
8 the 10 results
9 preliminary 10 results
10 results 11 of
10 results 16 conducted
11 of 15 study
12 an 15 study
13 ongoing 15 study
14 clinical 15 study
16 conducted 17 between
16 conducted 22 performed
16 conducted 23 on
17 between 19 and
18 2006 19 and
19 and 20 2009
21 , 22 performed
23 on 24 84
24 84 26 volunteers
24 84 34 aged
25 healthy 26 volunteers
26 volunteers 29 females
26 volunteers 32 males
26 volunteers 34 aged
27 ( 29 females
28 62 29 females
29 females 30 ,
30 , 32 males
31 22 32 males
32 males 33 )
34 aged 35 between
35 between 39 years
36 18 37 and
37 and 38 72
37 and 39 years
39 years 41 for
41 for 53 and
42 the 43 treatment
43 treatment 44 of
43 treatment 48 ,
44 of 47 folds
45 168 47 folds
46 nasolabial 47 folds
48 , 51 wrinkles
48 , 53 and
49 45 51 wrinkles
50 perioral 51 wrinkles
52 , 53 and
53 and 56 volume
53 and 57 .
54 39 55 lip
55 lip 56 volume

results : study results show an excellent correction of facial defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 show
2 : 12 .
3 study 4 results
4 results 5 show
5 show 8 correction
6 an 7 excellent
6 an 8 correction
7 excellent 8 correction
8 correction 9 of
9 of 11 defects
10 facial 11 defects

tolerance and aesthetic quality of the correction obtained indicate considerable safety features and absence of side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 tolerance 2 and
2 and 4 quality
2 and 5 of
2 and 9 indicate
3 aesthetic 4 quality
5 of 7 correction
6 the 7 correction
7 correction 8 obtained
9 indicate 13 and
10 considerable 11 safety
11 safety 12 features
12 features 13 and
13 and 14 absence
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 effects
16 side 17 effects

from a clinical point of view , hydrogel is gradually absorbed into the injection site without migration issues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 hydrogel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 absorbed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 from 4 point
1 from 7 ,
1 from 8 hydrogel
2 a 3 clinical
2 a 4 point
3 clinical 4 point
4 point 5 of
5 of 6 view
8 hydrogel 9 is
9 is 11 absorbed
10 gradually 11 absorbed
11 absorbed 12 into
11 absorbed 16 without
12 into 15 site
13 the 15 site
14 injection 15 site
16 without 18 issues
17 migration 18 issues

conclusion : cross - linked cmc hydrogel proves to be an ideal agent for soft tissue augmentation with regard to safety and ease of application . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 7 hydrogel
4 - 8 proves
5 linked 7 hydrogel
6 cmc 7 hydrogel
7 hydrogel 8 proves
8 proves 9 to
8 proves 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 13 agent
11 an 13 agent
12 ideal 13 agent
13 agent 14 for
13 agent 24 of
14 for 22 and
15 soft 16 tissue
16 tissue 17 augmentation
17 augmentation 18 with
17 augmentation 22 and
18 with 19 regard
19 regard 20 to
20 to 21 safety
22 and 23 ease
24 of 25 application

it did not cause infection , extrusion , migration , or adverse reactions in the patients who have been followed for two years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 did
2 did 3 not
2 did 4 cause
4 cause 11 or
4 cause 14 in
4 cause 21 for
5 infection 6 ,
6 , 7 extrusion
6 , 8 ,
8 , 9 migration
8 , 11 or
10 , 11 or
11 or 13 reactions
12 adverse 13 reactions
14 in 16 patients
15 the 16 patients
16 patients 17 who
16 patients 18 have
17 who 18 have
18 have 19 been
19 been 20 followed
21 for 23 years
22 two 23 years

delayed aesthetic results on facial wrinkles were very satisfactory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 delayed 3 results
2 aesthetic 3 results
3 results 4 on
3 results 7 were
4 on 6 wrinkles
5 facial 6 wrinkles
7 were 9 satisfactory
8 very 9 satisfactory

we have identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation ( w516x ) in the kidney - type electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 ( nbc1 ) in a patient with isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis ( prta ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 identified
3 identified 8 mutation
3 identified 12 in
3 identified 25 in
3 identified 28 with
4 a 5 novel
4 a 8 mutation
5 novel 7 nonsense
6 homozygous 7 nonsense
7 nonsense 8 mutation
8 mutation 10 w516x
9 ( 10 w516x
10 w516x 11 )
12 in 14 kidney
13 the 14 kidney
14 kidney 20 cotransporter
15 - 20 cotransporter
16 type 19 bicarbonate
17 electrogenic 18 sodium
18 sodium 19 bicarbonate
19 bicarbonate 20 cotransporter
20 cotransporter 21 1
20 cotransporter 23 nbc1
20 cotransporter 24 )
22 ( 23 nbc1
23 nbc1 24 )
25 in 27 patient
26 a 27 patient
28 with 33 acidosis
29 isolated 33 acidosis
30 proximal 33 acidosis
31 renal 33 acidosis
32 tubular 33 acidosis
33 acidosis 35 prta
34 ( 35 prta
35 prta 36 )

to specifically address the pathogenesis of this mutation , we created nbc1 w516x [knock] - in mice to match the patient 's abnormalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 address
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 to 3 address
2 specifically 3 address
3 address 5 pathogenesis
4 the 5 pathogenesis
5 pathogenesis 6 of
6 of 8 mutation
7 this 8 mutation
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 created
9 , 15 -
10 we 11 created
11 created 13 w516x
12 nbc1 13 w516x
15 - 18 to
15 - 22 's
16 in 17 mice
16 in 18 to
18 to 19 match
18 to 22 's
19 match 21 patient
20 the 21 patient
22 's 23 abnormalities

the expression of nbc1 mrna and protein in the kidneys of nbc1 ( w516x/w516x ) mice were virtually absent , indicating that nonsense - mediated mrna decay ( nmd ) is involved in the defective transcription and translation of this mutation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 6 and
3 of 5 mrna
4 nbc1 5 mrna
6 and 7 protein
6 and 20 ,
6 and 21 indicating
6 and 37 and
7 protein 8 in
8 in 10 kidneys
9 the 10 kidneys
10 kidneys 11 of
10 kidneys 16 mice
10 kidneys 19 absent
11 of 12 nbc1
12 nbc1 14 w516x/w516x
13 ( 14 w516x/w516x
14 w516x/w516x 15 )
16 mice 17 were
17 were 19 absent
18 virtually 19 absent
21 indicating 22 that
22 that 23 nonsense
22 that 32 involved
23 nonsense 27 decay
23 nonsense 31 is
24 - 27 decay
25 mediated 27 decay
26 mrna 27 decay
27 decay 29 nmd
27 decay 30 )
28 ( 29 nmd
29 nmd 30 )
31 is 32 involved
32 involved 33 in
33 in 36 transcription
34 the 36 transcription
35 defective 36 transcription
37 and 38 translation
38 translation 39 of
39 of 41 mutation
40 this 41 mutation

these mice not only recapitulated [the] phenotypes [of] this patient with growth retardation , prta , and ocular abnormalities , but also showed anemia , volume depletion , prerenal azotemia , and several organ abnormalities , culminating in dehydration and renal failure with early lethality before weaning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
1 these 2 mice
2 mice 3 not
2 mice 21 but
3 not 5 recapitulated
4 only 5 recapitulated
7 phenotypes 10 patient
7 phenotypes 11 with
7 phenotypes 21 but
9 this 10 patient
11 with 17 and
12 growth 13 retardation
13 retardation 14 ,
14 , 15 prta
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 abnormalities
18 ocular 19 abnormalities
20 , 21 but
21 but 23 showed
22 also 23 showed
23 showed 26 volume
23 showed 27 depletion
23 showed 32 and
23 showed 37 culminating
24 anemia 25 ,
24 anemia 26 volume
27 depletion 30 azotemia
28 , 30 azotemia
29 prerenal 30 azotemia
30 azotemia 31 ,
32 and 34 organ
32 and 35 abnormalities
33 several 34 organ
36 , 37 culminating
37 culminating 38 in
37 culminating 43 with
37 culminating 48 .
38 in 40 and
39 dehydration 40 and
40 and 42 failure
41 renal 42 failure
43 with 45 lethality
44 early 45 lethality
45 lethality 46 before
46 before 47 weaning

in isolated renal proximal tubules , both nbc1 activity and the rate of bicarbonate absorption were markedly reduced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 5 tubules
1 in 6 ,
1 in 10 and
2 isolated 5 tubules
3 renal 5 tubules
4 proximal 5 tubules
7 both 10 and
8 nbc1 9 activity
9 activity 10 and
10 and 12 rate
10 and 13 of
10 and 16 were
11 the 12 rate
13 of 15 absorption
14 bicarbonate 15 absorption
16 were 17 markedly
16 were 18 reduced

unexpectedly , there was no compensatory increase in mrna of distal acid/base transporters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 unexpectedly 2 ,
1 unexpectedly 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 increase
5 no 7 increase
6 compensatory 7 increase
7 increase 8 in
8 in 9 mrna
9 mrna 10 of
10 of 13 transporters
11 distal 12 acid/base
12 acid/base 13 transporters

sodium bicarbonate but not saline administration to these mutant mice markedly prolonged their survival , decreased their protein catabolism and attenuated organ abnormalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bicarbonate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 sodium 2 bicarbonate
3 but 4 not
4 not 6 administration
4 not 15 ,
5 saline 6 administration
6 administration 7 to
6 administration 15 ,
7 to 10 mice
8 these 10 mice
9 mutant 10 mice
11 markedly 12 prolonged
12 prolonged 14 survival
12 prolonged 15 ,
13 their 14 survival
15 , 20 and
16 decreased 19 catabolism
16 decreased 20 and
17 their 19 catabolism
18 protein 19 catabolism
20 and 21 attenuated
21 attenuated 23 abnormalities
22 organ 23 abnormalities

the prolonged survival time uncovered the development of corneal opacities due to corneal edema . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 uncovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 time
2 prolonged 3 survival
3 survival 4 time
4 time 5 uncovered
5 uncovered 7 development
5 uncovered 12 to
6 the 7 development
7 development 8 of
8 of 10 opacities
9 corneal 10 opacities
11 due 12 to
12 to 14 edema
13 corneal 14 edema

thus , nbc1 ( w516x/w516x ) mice with prta represent an animal model for metabolic acidosis and may be useful for testing therapeutic inhibition of nmd in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 7 mice
3 nbc1 5 w516x/w516x
3 nbc1 7 mice
4 ( 5 w516x/w516x
5 w516x/w516x 6 )
7 mice 8 with
7 mice 17 and
8 with 9 prta
10 represent 13 model
10 represent 17 and
11 an 13 model
12 animal 13 model
13 model 14 for
14 for 16 acidosis
15 metabolic 16 acidosis
17 and 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 useful
20 useful 21 for
21 for 22 testing
22 testing 24 inhibition
22 testing 28 vivo
23 therapeutic 24 inhibition
24 inhibition 25 of
25 of 26 nmd
27 in 28 vivo

background : restoration of cheek volume is recognized as an important part of facial rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 3 restoration
2 : 8 recognized
3 restoration 4 of
3 restoration 7 is
4 of 6 volume
5 cheek 6 volume
7 is 8 recognized
8 recognized 9 as
9 as 15 rejuvenation
10 an 11 important
10 an 12 part
11 important 12 part
12 part 13 of
12 part 15 rejuvenation
13 of 15 rejuvenation
14 facial 15 rejuvenation

however , there are no previous studies that have determined whether any soft - tissue technique is effective for achieving lasting malar augmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 7 studies
4 are 19 for
5 no 7 studies
6 previous 7 studies
7 studies 8 that
7 studies 9 have
8 that 9 have
9 have 10 determined
10 determined 11 whether
11 whether 16 technique
11 whether 17 is
12 any 16 technique
13 soft 14 -
13 soft 15 tissue
15 tissue 16 technique
16 technique 17 is
17 is 18 effective
19 for 20 achieving
20 achieving 23 augmentation
21 lasting 23 augmentation
22 malar 23 augmentation

methods : this study prospectively evaluated a subset of five patients who had deep - plane face lifts with fat injection , and other facial cosmetic procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 evaluated
3 this 4 study
4 study 6 evaluated
5 prospectively 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 23 and
7 a 8 subset
8 subset 9 of
8 subset 19 with
8 subset 23 and
9 of 11 patients
10 five 11 patients
11 patients 12 who
11 patients 13 had
12 who 13 had
13 had 18 lifts
14 deep 15 -
14 deep 16 plane
16 plane 18 lifts
17 face 18 lifts
19 with 21 injection
20 fat 21 injection
22 , 23 and
23 and 27 procedures
24 other 27 procedures
25 facial 27 procedures
26 cosmetic 27 procedures

the mean volumes of fat injected were 9.1 cc [(] range , 4 to 12 cc ) into the right cheek and 8.5 cc [(] range , 4 to 11.5 cc ) into the left cheek . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 volumes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 volumes
2 mean 3 volumes
3 volumes 4 of
3 volumes 7 were
4 of 5 fat
5 fat 6 injected
7 were 11 range
7 were 18 into
7 were 33 into
8 9.1 9 cc
9 cc 11 range
11 range 16 cc
12 , 16 cc
13 4 14 to
14 to 15 12
14 to 16 cc
16 cc 17 )
18 into 22 and
19 the 21 cheek
20 right 21 cheek
21 cheek 22 and
22 and 26 range
22 and 31 cc
23 8.5 24 cc
24 cc 26 range
27 , 31 cc
28 4 29 to
29 to 30 11.5
29 to 31 cc
31 cc 32 )
33 into 36 cheek
34 the 36 cheek
35 left 36 cheek

magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained before surgery and at intervals after surgery up to 6 months ( and 1 year in one patient ) for a total of 22 studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resonance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 magnetic 2 resonance
2 resonance 3 imaging
2 resonance 4 scans
2 resonance 5 were
3 imaging 4 scans
5 were 6 obtained
6 obtained 9 and
6 obtained 14 up
7 before 8 surgery
7 before 9 and
9 and 10 at
10 at 11 intervals
11 intervals 12 after
12 after 13 surgery
14 up 15 to
14 up 26 for
15 to 19 and
16 6 17 months
17 months 19 and
18 ( 19 and
19 and 21 year
19 and 25 )
20 1 21 year
21 year 22 in
22 in 24 patient
23 one 24 patient
26 for 28 total
27 a 28 total
28 total 29 of
29 of 31 studies
30 22 31 studies

axial , coronal , and sagittal images , t1 - and t2 - weighted , were obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 axial 2 ,
1 axial 7 images
3 coronal 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 sagittal
5 and 7 images
7 images 8 ,
8 , 9 t1
8 , 11 and
10 - 11 and
11 and 12 t2
11 and 16 were
12 t2 14 weighted
13 - 14 weighted
14 weighted 15 ,
16 were 17 obtained

thickness of the malar fat pads was measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 thickness 2 of
1 thickness 7 was
2 of 6 pads
3 the 6 pads
4 malar 6 pads
5 fat 6 pads
7 was 8 measured

results : malar thicknesses showed significant increases at the time of the 1 [-] month follow - up appointments ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 malar
3 malar 4 thicknesses
3 malar 5 showed
3 malar 19 appointments
4 thicknesses 5 showed
5 showed 7 increases
5 showed 16 follow
6 significant 7 increases
7 increases 8 at
7 increases 16 follow
8 at 10 time
9 the 10 time
10 time 11 of
11 of 15 month
12 the 13 1
13 1 15 month
17 - 19 appointments
18 up 19 appointments
19 appointments 22 <
19 appointments 24 )
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.01

this increase was maintained at the next [follow] - up appointment ( p < 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 increase
2 increase 3 was
3 was 4 maintained
4 maintained 5 at
5 at 11 appointment
6 the 7 next
6 the 11 appointment
7 next 9 -
10 up 11 appointment
11 appointment 14 <
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 0.01
14 < 16 )

there was no significant difference in thickness between the first postoperative appointment and the second postoperative appointment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
2 was 6 in
2 was 8 between
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
6 in 7 thickness
8 between 13 and
9 the 10 first
9 the 12 appointment
11 postoperative 12 appointment
12 appointment 13 and
13 and 17 appointment
14 the 15 second
14 the 17 appointment
16 postoperative 17 appointment

the t1 - and t2 - weighted images revealed that the increase was attributable to tissue with fat density , not fluid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 t1
2 t1 4 and
3 - 4 and
4 and 5 t2
6 - 8 images
6 - 9 revealed
7 weighted 8 images
8 images 9 revealed
9 revealed 10 that
10 that 12 increase
10 that 13 was
11 the 12 increase
12 increase 13 was
13 was 20 ,
14 attributable 15 to
14 attributable 17 with
14 attributable 20 ,
15 to 16 tissue
17 with 19 density
18 fat 19 density
20 , 21 not
20 , 22 fluid
21 not 22 fluid

the average increase [in] malar projection was 0.66 cm for the right cheek and [0.60] [cm] for the left cheek . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 projection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 6 projection
2 average 6 projection
3 increase 6 projection
5 malar 6 projection
6 projection 7 was
7 was 9 cm
8 0.66 9 cm
9 cm 14 and
10 for 13 cheek
10 for 14 and
11 the 13 cheek
12 right 13 cheek
14 and 17 for
17 for 20 cheek
18 the 20 cheek
19 left 20 cheek

conclusions : fat injection at the time of face [-] lift surgery produces an increase in malar volume that is still present up to 6 months after surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 injection
2 : 13 produces
3 fat 4 injection
4 injection 5 at
4 injection 8 of
4 injection 13 produces
5 at 7 time
6 the 7 time
8 of 12 surgery
9 face 12 surgery
11 lift 12 surgery
13 produces 15 increase
13 produces 16 in
14 an 15 increase
16 in 18 volume
17 malar 18 volume
18 volume 19 that
18 volume 22 present
19 that 20 is
20 is 22 present
21 still 22 present
22 present 26 months
23 up 24 to
24 to 25 6
25 6 26 months
26 months 27 after
27 after 28 surgery

this study confirms the rationale for injecting fat at the time of face [-] lift surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 confirms
3 confirms 5 rationale
4 the 5 rationale
5 rationale 6 for
6 for 7 injecting
7 injecting 8 fat
7 injecting 9 at
9 at 11 time
10 the 11 time
11 time 12 of
12 of 16 surgery
13 face 16 surgery
15 lift 16 surgery

objective : cross - sectional studies suggest an association between hysterectomy and negative [affect] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 studies
4 - 7 suggest
5 sectional 6 studies
6 studies 7 suggest
7 suggest 9 association
7 suggest 10 between
8 an 9 association
10 between 12 and
11 hysterectomy 12 and
12 and 13 negative

using prospective data , we examined the associations of negative [affect] , attitudes toward aging and menopause , premenstrual symptoms , and vasomotor symptoms with elective hysterectomy in midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 using 3 data
1 using 4 ,
1 using 5 we
2 prospective 3 data
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 22 and
6 examined 28 in
7 the 22 and
8 associations 9 of
8 associations 16 and
9 of 13 attitudes
10 negative 12 ,
10 negative 13 attitudes
13 attitudes 14 toward
14 toward 15 aging
16 and 17 menopause
16 and 20 symptoms
16 and 22 and
18 , 20 symptoms
19 premenstrual 20 symptoms
20 symptoms 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 symptoms
22 and 25 with
23 vasomotor 24 symptoms
25 with 27 hysterectomy
26 elective 27 hysterectomy
28 in 29 midlife

methods : data were from the study of women 's health across the nation , a multisite , community - based prospective cohort study of the menopausal transition ( n = 2,818 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 data
2 : 4 were
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 from
5 from 7 study
6 the 7 study
7 study 8 of
8 of 12 across
9 women 10 's
10 's 12 across
11 health 12 across
12 across 14 nation
12 across 21 based
12 across 25 of
13 the 14 nation
14 nation 19 community
14 nation 21 based
15 , 19 community
16 a 17 multisite
16 a 19 community
17 multisite 18 ,
17 multisite 19 community
19 community 20 -
21 based 24 study
22 prospective 23 cohort
23 cohort 24 study
25 of 28 transition
26 the 28 transition
27 menopausal 28 transition
28 transition 31 =
29 ( 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 2,818
31 = 33 )

annually reported hysterectomy at visits 2 to 9 was verified with medical records [when] available ( 71 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hysterectomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 annually 2 reported
2 reported 3 hysterectomy
3 hysterectomy 4 at
3 hysterectomy 9 was
4 at 5 visits
5 visits 7 to
6 2 7 to
7 to 8 9
9 was 10 verified
10 verified 11 with
11 with 13 records
12 medical 13 records
13 records 15 available
13 records 18 %
16 ( 18 %
17 71 18 %
18 % 19 )

anxiety , perceived stress , depressive symptoms , attitudes toward aging and menopause , vasomotor symptoms , and premenstrual symptoms were assessed at baseline using standardized questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 anxiety 2 ,
2 , 4 stress
2 , 5 ,
3 perceived 4 stress
5 , 7 symptoms
5 , 8 ,
6 depressive 7 symptoms
8 , 9 attitudes
8 , 12 and
9 attitudes 10 toward
10 toward 11 aging
12 and 13 menopause
12 and 16 symptoms
14 , 16 symptoms
15 vasomotor 16 symptoms
16 symptoms 17 ,
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 symptoms
18 and 22 assessed
19 premenstrual 20 symptoms
20 symptoms 21 were
21 were 22 assessed
22 assessed 23 at
22 assessed 25 using
23 at 24 baseline
25 using 27 questions
26 standardized 27 questions

cox proportional hazards models were used to relate these variables to subsequent elective hysterectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 cox 4 models
2 proportional 3 hazards
3 hazards 4 models
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 relate
7 to 8 relate
8 relate 10 variables
8 relate 11 to
9 these 10 variables
11 to 14 hysterectomy
12 subsequent 14 hysterectomy
13 elective 14 hysterectomy

covariates included demographic variables , menstrual bleeding problems , body mass index , hormone levels , and self - rated health , also assessed at baseline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 covariates 2 included
2 included 4 variables
3 demographic 4 variables
4 variables 17 and
4 variables 22 ,
5 , 17 and
6 menstrual 7 bleeding
7 bleeding 8 problems
8 problems 9 ,
9 , 12 index
9 , 13 ,
10 body 11 mass
11 mass 12 index
13 , 15 levels
13 , 17 and
14 hormone 15 levels
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 self
17 and 19 -
20 rated 21 health
20 rated 22 ,
22 , 24 assessed
22 , 25 at
23 also 24 assessed
25 at 26 baseline

results : elective hysterectomy was reported by 6 % ( n = 168 ) of participants over an 8 [-] year period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 elective
3 elective 4 hysterectomy
3 elective 5 was
3 elective 6 reported
3 elective 15 of
4 hysterectomy 5 was
6 reported 7 by
7 by 9 %
8 6 9 %
9 % 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 168
12 = 14 )
15 of 16 participants
16 participants 17 over
17 over 22 period
18 an 22 period
19 8 21 year
21 year 22 period

women with hysterectomy were not higher in negative [affect] or negative attitudes toward aging and menopause compared with women without hysterectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 women 2 with
1 women 4 were
2 with 3 hysterectomy
4 were 5 not
4 were 6 higher
6 higher 7 in
6 higher 20 without
7 in 15 and
8 negative 10 or
10 or 11 negative
10 or 12 attitudes
12 attitudes 13 toward
12 attitudes 15 and
13 toward 14 aging
15 and 16 menopause
15 and 17 compared
17 compared 18 with
18 with 19 women
20 without 21 hysterectomy

menstrual bleeding problems at baseline were the strongest predictor of hysterectomy ( hr , 4.30 ; 95 % ci , 2.05 - 9.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 )(
1 menstrual 2 bleeding
2 bleeding 3 problems
3 problems 4 at
3 problems 6 were
4 at 5 baseline
6 were 9 predictor
7 the 8 strongest
7 the 9 predictor
9 predictor 10 of
9 predictor 13 hr
10 of 11 hysterectomy
12 ( 13 hr
13 hr 14 ,
14 , 15 4.30
14 , 16 ;
16 ; 19 ci
16 ; 20 ,
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
20 , 21 2.05
20 , 22 -
21 2.05 22 -
22 - 23 9.05

conclusions : in this prospective examination , negative [affect] and attitudes were not associated with subsequent hysterectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 examination
4 this 6 examination
5 prospective 6 examination
7 , 8 negative
7 , 10 and
10 and 11 attitudes
10 and 12 were
11 attitudes 12 were
12 were 13 not
12 were 15 with
13 not 14 associated
15 with 17 hysterectomy
16 subsequent 17 hysterectomy

menstrual bleeding problems were the major determinant of elective hysterectomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 menstrual 2 bleeding
2 bleeding 3 problems
3 problems 4 were
4 were 7 determinant
5 the 7 determinant
6 major 7 determinant
7 determinant 8 of
8 of 10 hysterectomy
9 elective 10 hysterectomy

in modern societies , the proportion of women who delay childbearing beyond the age of 35 years has greatly increased in recent decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 societies
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 proportion
2 modern 3 societies
5 the 6 proportion
6 proportion 7 of
6 proportion 18 has
7 of 8 women
8 women 9 who
8 women 10 delay
9 who 10 delay
10 delay 11 childbearing
10 delay 12 beyond
12 beyond 14 age
13 the 14 age
14 age 15 of
15 of 17 years
16 35 17 years
18 has 20 increased
19 greatly 20 increased
20 increased 21 in
21 in 23 decades
22 recent 23 decades

they are falsely reassured by popular beliefs that advances in new reproductive technologies can compensate for the age - related decline [in] fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reassured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 they 2 are
2 are 4 reassured
3 falsely 4 reassured
4 reassured 5 by
4 reassured 8 that
5 by 7 beliefs
6 popular 7 beliefs
8 that 9 advances
8 that 15 compensate
9 advances 10 in
9 advances 14 can
10 in 13 technologies
11 new 13 technologies
12 reproductive 13 technologies
14 can 15 compensate
15 compensate 16 for
16 for 18 age
17 the 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 23 fertility
20 related 24 .
21 decline 23 fertility

yet age remains the single most important determinant of male and female fertility , either natural [or] treated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 yet 2 age
2 age 3 remains
3 remains 8 determinant
4 the 8 determinant
5 single 8 determinant
6 most 7 important
7 important 8 determinant
8 determinant 9 of
9 of 13 fertility
10 male 11 and
11 and 12 female
11 and 13 fertility
14 , 16 natural
14 , 18 treated
15 either 16 natural
16 natural 18 treated

the consequences of advancing maternal age are not only relevant for the risk of natural and assisted conception , but also for the outcome of pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consequences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 consequences
2 consequences 3 of
2 consequences 7 are
3 of 4 advancing
4 advancing 6 age
5 maternal 6 age
7 are 8 not
7 are 9 only
7 are 10 relevant
10 relevant 20 but
11 for 13 risk
11 for 20 but
12 the 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 natural 16 and
16 and 18 conception
17 assisted 18 conception
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 also
20 but 22 for
22 for 24 outcome
23 the 24 outcome
24 outcome 25 of
25 of 26 pregnancy

although the absolute rate of poor pregnancy outcomes may be low from an individual standpoint , the impact of delaying childbearing from a public health perspective cannot be overestimated and should be in the agenda of public health policies for the years to come . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 outcomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 although 4 rate
1 although 8 outcomes
2 the 4 rate
3 absolute 4 rate
4 rate 5 of
5 of 7 pregnancy
6 poor 7 pregnancy
8 outcomes 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 low
11 low 12 from
12 from 15 standpoint
13 an 15 standpoint
14 individual 15 standpoint
16 , 18 impact
16 , 30 and
17 the 18 impact
18 impact 19 of
18 impact 27 cannot
19 of 20 delaying
20 delaying 21 childbearing
21 childbearing 22 from
22 from 26 perspective
23 a 24 public
23 a 26 perspective
24 public 26 perspective
25 health 26 perspective
27 cannot 30 and
28 be 29 overestimated
28 be 30 and
30 and 31 should
31 should 32 be
32 be 33 in
32 be 43 to
33 in 35 agenda
34 the 35 agenda
35 agenda 36 of
36 of 39 policies
37 public 38 health
38 health 39 policies
39 policies 40 for
40 for 42 years
41 the 42 years
43 to 44 come

this review summarizes available evidence regarding the impact of delaying childbearing on fertility and pregnancy outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 summarizes
3 summarizes 5 evidence
4 available 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 regarding
5 evidence 9 of
6 regarding 8 impact
7 the 8 impact
9 of 10 delaying
10 delaying 11 childbearing
10 delaying 12 on
12 on 14 and
13 fertility 14 and
14 and 16 outcomes
15 pregnancy 16 outcomes

aging of societies , with increasing life expectancies , results in surging health care expenditures , as older age is closely associated with an increasing number of chronic and [often] resource - consuming diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 associated
1 aging 2 of
1 aging 17 as
1 aging 20 is
2 of 3 societies
3 societies 5 with
4 , 5 with
5 with 6 increasing
5 with 16 ,
6 increasing 8 expectancies
7 life 8 expectancies
8 expectancies 10 results
9 , 10 results
10 results 11 in
10 results 16 ,
11 in 15 expenditures
12 surging 14 care
13 health 14 care
14 care 15 expenditures
17 as 19 age
18 older 19 age
20 is 22 associated
21 closely 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 26 number
24 an 26 number
25 increasing 26 number
26 number 27 of
27 of 29 and
28 chronic 29 and
29 and 31 resource
29 and 33 consuming
32 - 33 consuming
33 consuming 34 diseases
33 consuming 35 .

among those , dementia has the greatest impact on an individual 's quality of life , the level of burden on the family and expenditures to finance nursing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dementia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 among 2 those
1 among 3 ,
1 among 4 dementia
4 dementia 5 has
5 has 8 impact
5 has 9 on
5 has 26 to
6 the 7 greatest
6 the 8 impact
9 on 13 quality
10 an 11 individual
11 individual 12 's
12 's 13 quality
13 quality 14 of
14 of 24 and
15 life 16 ,
16 , 18 level
16 , 24 and
17 the 18 level
18 level 19 of
19 of 20 burden
20 burden 21 on
21 on 23 family
22 the 23 family
24 and 25 expenditures
26 to 28 nursing
27 finance 28 nursing

currently , pharmacological dementia treatment is exclusively focused on neurotransmitter - modulating medicines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 focused
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 5 treatment
3 pharmacological 5 treatment
4 dementia 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 is
6 is 8 focused
7 exclusively 8 focused
8 focused 9 on
9 on 10 neurotransmitter
10 neurotransmitter 12 modulating
11 - 12 modulating
12 modulating 13 medicines
12 modulating 14 .

unfortunately , their effectiveness is not interminable , and the effect size limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effectiveness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 4 effectiveness
3 their 4 effectiveness
4 effectiveness 5 is
5 is 6 not
5 is 9 and
7 interminable 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 12 size
9 and 13 limited
10 the 12 size
11 effect 12 size

novel approaches such as vaccinations are currently under vigorous investigation , but still far from translation into clinical practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 novel 2 approaches
2 approaches 4 as
2 approaches 6 are
3 such 4 as
4 as 5 vaccinations
6 are 7 currently
6 are 12 but
6 are 17 into
8 under 10 investigation
8 under 12 but
9 vigorous 10 investigation
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 still
12 but 15 from
14 far 15 from
15 from 16 translation
17 into 19 practice
18 clinical 19 practice

thus , the consequent exploitation of opportunities which are already known is pivotal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exploitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 exploitation
3 the 5 exploitation
4 consequent 5 exploitation
5 exploitation 6 of
5 exploitation 12 is
6 of 7 opportunities
7 opportunities 8 which
7 opportunities 9 are
8 which 9 are
9 are 10 already
9 are 11 known
12 is 13 pivotal

dementia prevention can become effective without delay if the vascular components of dementia are aggressively targeted through life style modifications as well as the treatment of vascular risk factors ( e.g [.] [hypertension] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 dementia 2 prevention
2 prevention 3 can
3 can 4 become
4 become 5 effective
5 effective 6 without
5 effective 8 if
5 effective 17 through
5 effective 21 as
5 effective 23 as
6 without 7 delay
8 if 11 components
8 if 16 targeted
9 the 11 components
10 vascular 11 components
11 components 12 of
11 components 14 are
12 of 13 dementia
14 are 15 aggressively
14 are 16 targeted
17 through 20 modifications
18 life 19 style
19 style 20 modifications
21 as 22 well
23 as 25 treatment
24 the 25 treatment
25 treatment 26 of
26 of 29 factors
27 vascular 29 factors
28 risk 29 factors
29 factors 31 e.g
30 ( 31 e.g
31 e.g 34 )

longevity will become a significant burden for developed countries already within the next 10 - 20 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 longevity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 longevity 2 will
2 will 3 become
3 become 6 burden
3 become 10 already
3 become 11 within
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 burden
5 significant 6 burden
6 burden 7 for
7 for 9 countries
8 developed 9 countries
11 within 17 years
12 the 13 next
12 the 15 -
14 10 15 -
15 - 16 20
15 - 17 years

by 2020 , the 80+ generation will increase by at least 30 % and in 2030 by at least 50 % , compared to 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 generation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 by 2 2020
1 by 3 ,
1 by 6 generation
4 the 6 generation
5 80+ 6 generation
6 generation 22 ,
7 will 8 increase
7 will 22 ,
8 increase 14 and
8 increase 17 by
9 by 13 %
9 by 14 and
10 at 11 least
11 least 12 30
12 30 13 %
14 and 15 in
15 in 16 2030
17 by 21 %
18 at 19 least
19 least 20 50
20 50 21 %
22 , 23 compared
22 , 24 to
24 to 25 2010

if the associated dementia challenge is not adequately tackled , longevity may no longer remain desirable for aged societies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 longevity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 if 5 challenge
1 if 9 tackled
1 if 10 ,
1 if 11 longevity
2 the 5 challenge
3 associated 5 challenge
4 dementia 5 challenge
5 challenge 6 is
6 is 7 not
6 is 9 tackled
8 adequately 9 tackled
9 tackled 10 ,
11 longevity 12 may
12 may 15 remain
13 no 14 longer
14 longer 15 remain
15 remain 16 desirable
16 desirable 17 for
17 for 19 societies
18 aged 19 societies

numerous recent studies have found that overweight adults experience lower overall mortality than those who are underweight , normal - weight , or obese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 numerous 3 studies
2 recent 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 found
5 found 6 that
6 that 8 adults
6 that 9 experience
7 overweight 8 adults
8 adults 9 experience
9 experience 12 mortality
9 experience 13 than
10 lower 11 overall
11 overall 12 mortality
13 than 14 those
14 those 15 who
14 those 16 are
15 who 16 are
16 are 17 underweight
18 , 23 or
19 normal 20 -
19 normal 21 weight
21 weight 23 or
22 , 23 or
23 or 24 obese

these highly publicized findings imply that [overweight] may be the optimal weight category for overall health via its association with longevity - a conclusion with important public health implications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 imply
1 these 4 findings
2 highly 3 publicized
3 publicized 4 findings
4 findings 5 imply
5 imply 6 that
5 imply 9 be
6 that 8 may
8 may 9 be
9 be 13 category
10 the 13 category
11 optimal 12 weight
12 weight 13 category
13 category 14 for
13 category 17 via
14 for 16 health
15 overall 16 health
17 via 19 association
18 its 19 association
19 association 20 with
20 with 21 longevity
21 longevity 24 conclusion
22 - 24 conclusion
23 a 24 conclusion
24 conclusion 25 with
24 conclusion 30 .
25 with 29 implications
26 important 29 implications
27 public 28 health
28 health 29 implications

in this study , the authors examined the association between body mass index [(] bmi [;] [(] weight [(] [kg] )/height [(] [m] [ )( 2 [ )( )( )(and 3 markers of health risks using a nationally representative sample of us adults aged 20 - 80 years ( n = 9,255 ) from the national health and nutrition examination survey ( 2005 - 2008 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 authors
2 this 3 study
5 the 6 authors
6 authors 7 examined
7 examined 9 association
7 examined 10 between
8 the 9 association
10 between 13 index
11 body 12 mass
12 mass 13 index
13 index 15 bmi
13 index 18 weight
15 bmi 18 weight
18 weight 30 )(and
21 )/height 26 2
21 )/height 30 )(and
30 )(and 32 markers
30 )(and 33 of
30 )(and 36 using
31 3 32 markers
33 of 35 risks
34 health 35 risks
36 using 40 sample
37 a 40 sample
38 nationally 39 representative
39 representative 40 sample
40 sample 41 of
40 sample 44 aged
41 of 43 adults
42 us 43 adults
44 aged 51 =
44 aged 54 from
45 20 46 -
46 - 48 years
46 - 51 =
47 80 48 years
49 ( 51 =
50 n 51 =
51 = 52 9,255
51 = 53 )
54 from 61 survey
55 the 61 survey
56 national 57 health
57 health 58 and
58 and 59 nutrition
59 nutrition 60 examination
60 examination 61 survey
61 survey 63 2005
62 ( 63 2005
63 2005 65 2008
63 2005 67 .
64 - 65 2008
65 2008 66 )

generalized additive models , a type of semiparametric regression model , were used to examine the relations between bmi and biomarkers of inflammation , metabolic function , and cardiovascular function ( c - reactive protein , hemoglobin a ( 1c ) , and high density lipoprotein cholesterol , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 generalized 2 additive
2 additive 3 models
3 models 7 of
3 models 12 were
4 , 7 of
5 a 7 of
6 type 7 of
7 of 10 model
7 of 11 ,
8 semiparametric 10 model
9 regression 10 model
12 were 13 used
13 used 14 to
13 used 15 examine
14 to 15 examine
15 examine 17 relations
15 examine 18 between
15 examine 49 respectively
16 the 17 relations
18 between 20 and
19 bmi 20 and
20 and 47 cholesterol
21 biomarkers 22 of
21 biomarkers 24 ,
22 of 23 inflammation
24 , 26 function
24 , 28 and
25 metabolic 26 function
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 function
28 and 33 -
28 and 37 hemoglobin
28 and 43 and
29 cardiovascular 30 function
31 ( 33 -
32 c 33 -
33 - 35 protein
33 - 36 ,
34 reactive 35 protein
36 , 37 hemoglobin
37 hemoglobin 38 a
37 hemoglobin 40 1c
37 hemoglobin 41 )
39 ( 40 1c
40 1c 41 )
42 , 43 and
43 and 45 density
43 and 47 cholesterol
44 high 45 density
46 lipoprotein 47 cholesterol
48 , 49 respectively
49 respectively 50 )

the association between bmi and each biomarker was monotonic , with higher bmi being consistently associated with worse health risk profiles at all ages , in contrast to [the] u - shaped relation between bmi and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 8 was
3 between 5 and
4 bmi 5 and
5 and 7 biomarker
6 each 7 biomarker
8 was 9 monotonic
9 monotonic 11 with
9 monotonic 26 in
10 , 11 with
11 with 13 bmi
11 with 25 ,
12 higher 13 bmi
13 bmi 14 being
14 being 16 associated
15 consistently 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
16 associated 22 at
17 with 19 health
17 with 21 profiles
18 worse 19 health
20 risk 21 profiles
22 at 24 ages
23 all 24 ages
26 in 27 contrast
27 contrast 28 to
28 to 30 u
31 - 36 and
31 - 38 .
32 shaped 33 relation
33 relation 34 between
33 relation 36 and
34 between 35 bmi
36 and 37 mortality

prior results suggesting that the overweight bmi category corresponds to the lowest risk of mortality may not be generalizable to indicators of health risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 prior 2 results
2 results 3 suggesting
2 results 16 may
3 suggesting 4 that
4 that 8 category
4 that 9 corresponds
5 the 8 category
6 overweight 8 category
7 bmi 8 category
8 category 9 corresponds
9 corresponds 10 to
10 to 13 risk
11 the 12 lowest
11 the 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 mortality
16 may 17 not
16 may 18 be
18 be 19 generalizable
19 generalizable 20 to
20 to 21 indicators
21 indicators 22 of
22 of 24 risk
23 health 24 risk

purpose : to examine the relationship between metabolic [syndrome] and its components , diabetes mellitus , high blood pressure ( bp ) , obesity , and dyslipidemia , with age - related cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 31 -
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 relationship
4 examine 7 between
4 examine 29 with
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 10 and
8 metabolic 10 and
10 and 12 components
10 and 15 mellitus
10 and 19 pressure
11 its 12 components
13 , 15 mellitus
14 diabetes 15 mellitus
15 mellitus 16 ,
16 , 19 pressure
17 high 18 blood
18 blood 19 pressure
19 pressure 21 bp
19 pressure 26 and
19 pressure 28 ,
20 ( 21 bp
21 bp 22 )
23 , 26 and
24 obesity 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 dyslipidemia
26 and 28 ,
29 with 30 age
31 - 33 cataract
32 related 33 cataract

methods : a population [-] based sample of 2794 malay adults aged 40 to 80 years in singapore was used for this analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 7 sample
2 : 20 used
3 a 4 population
3 a 7 sample
4 population 6 based
6 based 7 sample
7 sample 8 of
7 sample 19 was
8 of 16 years
9 2794 11 adults
10 malay 11 adults
11 adults 12 aged
12 aged 14 to
13 40 14 to
14 to 15 80
15 80 16 years
16 years 17 in
17 in 18 singapore
19 was 20 used
20 used 21 for
21 for 23 analysis
22 this 23 analysis

cataract ( n = 1268 ) was defined as the presence of nuclear , cortical , or posterior subcapsular ( psc ) cataract , from standardized grading of lens photographs or previous cataract surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cataract
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 cataract 4 =
1 cataract 7 was
2 ( 4 =
3 n 4 =
4 = 5 1268
4 = 6 )
7 was 8 defined
8 defined 9 as
9 as 11 presence
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 of
11 presence 25 from
12 of 17 or
13 nuclear 14 ,
14 , 15 cortical
14 , 17 or
16 , 17 or
17 or 23 cataract
17 or 24 ,
18 posterior 23 cataract
19 subcapsular 21 psc
19 subcapsular 23 cataract
20 ( 21 psc
21 psc 22 )
25 from 27 grading
26 standardized 27 grading
27 grading 28 of
28 of 31 or
29 lens 30 photographs
30 photographs 31 or
31 or 34 surgery
32 previous 33 cataract
33 cataract 34 surgery

results : cataract prevalence increased with higher quartiles of blood glucose , systolic bp , and metabolic syndrome components ( p [trend] < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 prevalence
3 cataract 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 increased
4 prevalence 6 with
4 prevalence 9 of
6 with 8 quartiles
7 higher 8 quartiles
9 of 16 and
10 blood 11 glucose
11 glucose 12 ,
12 , 14 bp
12 , 16 and
13 systolic 14 bp
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 components
16 and 23 <
17 metabolic 18 syndrome
18 syndrome 19 components
20 ( 23 <
21 p 23 <
23 < 24 0.0001
23 < 25 )

the multivariable odds ratio ( or ) ( 95 % confidence [interval] [ ci ] ) [of] [cataract] was 1.89 ( 1.42 - 2.40 ) for diabetes , 1.92 ( 1.47 - 2.52 ) for high bp , and 1.27 ( 1.04 - 1.55 ) [for] metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 4 ratio
2 multivariable 3 odds
3 odds 4 ratio
4 ratio 6 or
4 ratio 11 confidence
4 ratio 19 was
5 ( 6 or
6 or 7 )
8 ( 11 confidence
9 95 10 %
10 % 11 confidence
11 confidence 14 ci
11 confidence 16 )
13 [ 14 ci
14 ci 15 ]
19 was 20 1.89
19 was 23 -
19 was 26 for
19 was 35 for
21 ( 23 -
22 1.42 23 -
23 - 24 2.40
23 - 25 )
26 for 27 diabetes
27 diabetes 29 1.92
28 , 29 1.92
29 1.92 32 -
29 1.92 34 )
30 ( 32 -
31 1.47 32 -
32 - 33 2.52
32 - 34 )
35 for 39 and
36 high 37 bp
37 bp 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 48 syndrome
40 1.27 48 syndrome
41 ( 43 -
42 1.04 43 -
43 - 44 1.55
43 - 45 )
43 - 48 syndrome
47 metabolic 48 syndrome

of the individual metabolic syndrome components , high bp was associated with all three cataract types ; diabetes was associated with cortical and psc ; low hdl , high bmi , and metabolic syndrome were associated [with] cortical [cataract] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 bp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 of 6 components
1 of 7 ,
1 of 9 bp
2 the 6 components
3 individual 5 syndrome
4 metabolic 5 syndrome
5 syndrome 6 components
8 high 9 bp
9 bp 10 was
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 16 types
13 all 14 three
14 three 16 types
15 cataract 16 types
17 ; 18 diabetes
17 ; 20 associated
17 ; 25 ;
18 diabetes 19 was
19 was 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 23 and
22 cortical 23 and
23 and 24 psc
23 and 25 ;
25 ; 32 and
25 ; 36 associated
26 low 32 and
27 hdl 30 bmi
27 hdl 32 and
28 , 30 bmi
29 high 30 bmi
30 bmi 31 ,
32 and 34 syndrome
32 and 35 were
33 metabolic 34 syndrome
35 were 36 associated
36 associated 38 cortical

the presence of both high bp and diabetes was associated with fourfold odds of having [cataract] ( or [ 95 % ci ] = 4.73 [ 2.16 - 10.34 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 9 was
3 of 7 and
4 both 6 bp
5 high 6 bp
6 bp 7 and
7 and 8 diabetes
9 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 13 odds
11 with 25 4.73
12 fourfold 13 odds
13 odds 14 of
13 odds 18 or
14 of 15 having
17 ( 18 or
18 or 22 ci
18 or 23 ]
19 [ 22 ci
20 95 22 ci
21 % 22 ci
22 ci 23 ]
24 = 25 4.73
25 4.73 27 2.16
26 [ 27 2.16
27 2.16 29 10.34
27 2.16 31 )
28 - 29 10.34
29 10.34 30 ]

conclusions : metabolic syndrome and its two key components , high bp and diabetes were associated with age - related cataract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 syndrome
2 : 5 and
2 : 10 ,
3 metabolic 4 syndrome
5 and 7 two
5 and 8 key
6 its 7 two
7 two 8 key
8 key 9 components
10 , 13 and
10 , 16 associated
10 , 19 -
11 high 13 and
12 bp 13 and
13 and 14 diabetes
13 and 15 were
15 were 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 age
19 - 21 cataract
19 - 22 .
20 related 21 cataract

aging is associated with a decline in b - lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow and accumulation of long - [lived] [b] cells in the periphery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 in
4 with 6 decline
5 a 6 decline
7 in 8 b
9 - 15 and
9 - 26 .
10 lymphopoiesis 11 in
10 lymphopoiesis 15 and
11 in 14 marrow
12 the 14 marrow
13 bone 14 marrow
15 and 16 accumulation
15 and 17 of
17 of 22 cells
18 long 19 -
18 long 22 cells
22 cells 23 in
23 in 25 periphery
24 the 25 periphery

these changes decrease the body 's ability to mount protective antibody responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 decrease
3 decrease 7 ability
4 the 5 body
5 body 6 's
6 's 7 ability
7 ability 8 to
7 ability 9 mount
8 to 9 mount
9 mount 12 responses
10 protective 11 antibody
11 antibody 12 responses

we show here that age - related changes in the [b] lineage [are] mediated by the accumulating long - lived [b] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 here
2 show 4 that
4 that 5 age
4 that 20 lived
5 age 20 lived
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 changes
7 related 9 in
7 related 19 -
7 related 20 lived
9 in 12 lineage
10 the 12 lineage
12 lineage 14 mediated
14 mediated 15 by
14 mediated 18 long
15 by 17 accumulating
16 the 17 accumulating
20 lived 22 cells

thus , depletion of [b] cells in old mice was followed by expansion of multipotent primitive progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors , a revival of b - lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow , and generation of a rejuvenated peripheral compartment that enhanced the animal 's immune responsiveness to antigenic stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 depletion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 followed
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 depletion
3 depletion 4 of
3 depletion 10 was
4 of 6 cells
6 cells 7 in
7 in 9 mice
8 old 9 mice
10 was 11 followed
11 followed 12 by
12 by 13 expansion
13 expansion 14 of
13 expansion 24 revival
13 expansion 28 lymphopoiesis
14 of 18 and
15 multipotent 17 progenitors
16 primitive 17 progenitors
17 progenitors 18 and
18 and 21 progenitors
19 common 21 progenitors
20 lymphoid 21 progenitors
22 , 24 revival
23 a 24 revival
24 revival 25 of
24 revival 27 -
25 of 26 b
27 - 28 lymphopoiesis
28 lymphopoiesis 29 in
28 lymphopoiesis 36 of
28 lymphopoiesis 41 that
28 lymphopoiesis 42 enhanced
28 lymphopoiesis 51 .
29 in 34 and
30 the 32 marrow
31 bone 32 marrow
32 marrow 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 generation
36 of 40 compartment
37 a 40 compartment
38 rejuvenated 40 compartment
39 peripheral 40 compartment
41 that 42 enhanced
42 enhanced 47 responsiveness
42 enhanced 48 to
43 the 44 animal
44 animal 45 's
45 's 47 responsiveness
46 immune 47 responsiveness
48 to 50 stimulation
49 antigenic 50 stimulation

collectively , our results suggest that immunosenescence in [the] b - lineage is not irreversible and that depletion of the long - lived [b] cells in old mice rejuvenates the [b] [-] lineage and enhances immune competence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 immunosenescence
6 that 7 immunosenescence
7 immunosenescence 8 in
8 in 10 b
11 - 12 lineage
11 - 13 is
11 - 14 not
11 - 38 .
12 lineage 13 is
14 not 16 and
14 not 23 lived
15 irreversible 16 and
16 and 18 depletion
16 and 22 -
16 and 23 lived
17 that 18 depletion
18 depletion 19 of
19 of 21 long
20 the 21 long
23 lived 25 cells
25 cells 26 in
25 cells 34 and
26 in 28 mice
27 old 28 mice
29 rejuvenates 33 lineage
29 rejuvenates 34 and
30 the 33 lineage
34 and 35 enhances
34 and 37 competence
36 immune 37 competence

background : the paradoxical phenomenon of relative longevity among obese patients with established diseases has been reported for various disease conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 phenomenon
2 : 17 reported
2 : 22 .
3 the 5 phenomenon
4 paradoxical 5 phenomenon
5 phenomenon 6 of
5 phenomenon 15 has
6 of 8 longevity
7 relative 8 longevity
8 longevity 9 among
9 among 11 patients
10 obese 11 patients
11 patients 12 with
12 with 14 diseases
13 established 14 diseases
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 reported
17 reported 18 for
18 for 21 conditions
19 various 20 disease
20 disease 21 conditions

the authors sought to investigate whether the obesity paradox also applies to intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) survivors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 sought
3 sought 4 to
3 sought 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
5 investigate 6 whether
6 whether 9 paradox
6 whether 11 applies
7 the 9 paradox
8 obesity 9 paradox
9 paradox 11 applies
10 also 11 applies
11 applies 12 to
11 applies 18 survivors
12 to 14 hemorrhage
13 intracerebral 14 hemorrhage
14 hemorrhage 16 ich
15 ( 16 ich
16 ich 17 )

methods : a total of 1,604 patients with ich from 33 centers with nationwide coverage were prospectively enrolled to this cohort between october 2002 and march 2004 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 total
2 : 18 enrolled
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 16 were
5 of 7 patients
6 1,604 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 9 ich
9 ich 10 from
9 ich 13 with
10 from 12 centers
11 33 12 centers
13 with 15 coverage
14 nationwide 15 coverage
16 were 18 enrolled
17 prospectively 18 enrolled
18 enrolled 19 to
19 to 25 and
20 this 21 cohort
21 cohort 22 between
21 cohort 25 and
22 between 23 october
23 october 24 2002
25 and 26 march
26 march 27 2004

baseline information including body mass index [(] bmi [ )(was collected at admission , and mortality status was ascertained from the governmental mortality [archive] on december 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 )(was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 baseline 4 body
2 information 4 body
3 including 4 body
4 body 8 bmi
5 mass 6 index
6 index 8 bmi
8 bmi 10 )(was
10 )(was 11 collected
11 collected 12 at
12 at 13 admission
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 status
15 and 19 ascertained
16 mortality 17 status
17 status 18 was
18 was 19 ascertained
19 ascertained 20 from
19 ascertained 25 on
20 from 23 mortality
21 the 23 mortality
22 governmental 23 mortality
25 on 26 december
26 december 27 2006

associations between obesity and 30 [-] day mortality or long - term risk of death were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 associations 2 between
1 associations 9 or
2 between 4 and
3 obesity 4 and
4 and 8 mortality
5 30 7 day
7 day 8 mortality
9 or 13 risk
9 or 14 of
9 or 16 were
10 long 11 -
10 long 12 term
12 term 13 risk
14 of 15 death
16 were 17 analyzed

results : among the 1,356 patients with ich included , the 30 [-] day mortality rate was 7.2 % and the long - term mortality rate was 26.9 % after a mean follow - up [of] 33.6 ± 15.5 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 : 16 rate
2 : 17 was
2 : 20 and
2 : 38 ±
3 among 6 patients
3 among 10 ,
3 among 16 rate
4 the 5 1,356
5 1,356 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
6 patients 9 included
7 with 8 ich
11 the 16 rate
12 30 14 day
14 day 16 rate
15 mortality 16 rate
16 rate 17 was
17 was 19 %
18 7.2 19 %
20 and 26 rate
20 and 34 -
21 the 26 rate
22 long 23 -
22 long 26 rate
24 term 25 mortality
25 mortality 26 rate
26 rate 27 was
28 26.9 29 %
28 26.9 34 -
29 % 30 after
29 % 33 follow
30 after 32 mean
31 a 32 mean
34 - 37 33.6
35 up 37 33.6
37 33.6 38 ±
38 ± 40 months
39 15.5 40 months

neither bmi nor obesity status were associated with 30 - day mortality after ich . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 neither 3 nor
2 bmi 3 nor
3 nor 5 status
3 nor 6 were
4 obesity 5 status
6 were 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 9 30
10 - 12 mortality
11 day 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 after
13 after 14 ich

however , bmi was independently associated with a lower risk of long - term mortality ( hazard ratio [[] hr ] 0.91 per 1 [-] kg / [m] ( 2 ) increase [;] 95 % confidence interval [ ci []] 0.87 - 0.95 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 bmi
3 bmi 4 was
4 was 6 associated
5 independently 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 42 -
7 with 10 risk
7 with 22 0.91
8 a 10 risk
9 lower 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
11 of 15 mortality
12 long 13 -
12 long 14 term
14 term 15 mortality
15 mortality 20 hr
16 ( 20 hr
17 hazard 18 ratio
18 ratio 20 hr
20 hr 21 ]
22 0.91 23 per
23 per 37 interval
24 1 26 kg
26 kg 32 increase
27 / 30 2
27 / 32 increase
29 ( 30 2
30 2 31 )
32 increase 37 interval
34 95 37 interval
35 % 37 interval
36 confidence 37 interval
38 [ 42 -
39 ci 41 0.87
39 ci 42 -
42 - 43 0.95
42 - 44 )

as compared with patients of normal weight , underweight subjects had a higher risk of death [(] hr 1.64 [;] 95 % ci 1.11 - 2.40 ) , [and] conversely , overweight [(] hr 0.69 [;] 95 % ci 0.49 - 0.96 [ )(or obese ( hr 0.61 [;] 95 % ci 0.43 - 0.88 [ )(subjects showed a lower risk of post - ich death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 had
1 as 2 compared
1 as 8 ,
1 as 10 subjects
2 compared 3 with
3 with 4 patients
4 patients 5 of
5 of 7 weight
6 normal 7 weight
9 underweight 10 subjects
10 subjects 11 had
11 had 14 risk
12 a 14 risk
13 higher 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 23 ci
16 death 23 ci
18 hr 23 ci
19 1.64 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 24 1.11
23 ci 32 overweight
24 1.11 26 2.40
24 1.11 32 overweight
25 - 26 2.40
26 2.40 27 )
28 , 30 conversely
30 conversely 31 ,
30 conversely 32 overweight
32 overweight 44 )(or
34 hr 35 0.69
34 hr 39 ci
37 95 39 ci
38 % 39 ci
39 ci 41 -
39 ci 44 )(or
40 0.49 41 -
41 - 42 0.96
44 )(or 45 obese
44 )(or 52 ci
44 )(or 55 0.88
46 ( 52 ci
47 hr 52 ci
48 0.61 52 ci
50 95 52 ci
51 % 52 ci
52 ci 53 0.43
52 ci 54 -
54 - 55 0.88
55 0.88 57 )(subjects
55 0.88 58 showed
55 0.88 66 death
55 0.88 67 .
57 )(subjects 58 showed
58 showed 61 risk
59 a 61 risk
60 lower 61 risk
61 risk 62 of
62 of 63 post
64 - 66 death
65 ich 66 death
66 death 67 .

conclusion : in our study , obesity was associated with a lower risk of long - term death but not with 30 - day mortality after ich . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 study
4 our 5 study
6 , 7 obesity
6 , 9 associated
6 , 23 -
7 obesity 8 was
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 19 but
10 with 13 risk
10 with 19 but
11 a 13 risk
12 lower 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 18 death
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 18 death
19 but 20 not
19 but 21 with
21 with 22 30
23 - 25 mortality
24 day 25 mortality
25 mortality 26 after
26 after 27 ich

thus , it may be considered that [an] obesity status in a patient with ich be treated as an indication of metabolic reservoir capacity and [an] increased likelihood of survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 it
3 it 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 6 considered
6 considered 10 status
6 considered 11 in
6 considered 14 with
7 that 10 status
9 obesity 10 status
11 in 13 patient
12 a 13 patient
14 with 15 ich
14 with 25 and
16 be 17 treated
16 be 25 and
17 treated 18 as
18 as 20 indication
19 an 20 indication
20 indication 21 of
21 of 24 capacity
22 metabolic 23 reservoir
23 reservoir 24 capacity
25 and 27 increased
27 increased 28 likelihood
28 likelihood 29 of
29 of 30 survival

objective : this study aimed to assess the correlation between abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue ( sat ) and metabolic syndrome ( mets ) in korean adults after adjusting for the effects of visceral adipose tissue ( vat ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 aimed
2 : 39 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 to
5 aimed 7 assess
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 18 and
7 assess 24 in
7 assess 27 after
8 the 9 correlation
9 correlation 10 between
9 correlation 18 and
10 between 14 tissue
11 abdominal 13 adipose
12 subcutaneous 13 adipose
13 adipose 14 tissue
14 tissue 16 sat
15 ( 16 sat
16 sat 17 )
18 and 20 syndrome
18 and 22 mets
19 metabolic 20 syndrome
21 ( 22 mets
22 mets 23 )
24 in 26 adults
25 korean 26 adults
27 after 28 adjusting
28 adjusting 29 for
29 for 31 effects
30 the 31 effects
31 effects 32 of
32 of 35 tissue
33 visceral 35 tissue
34 adipose 35 tissue
35 tissue 37 vat
36 ( 37 vat
37 vat 38 )

research design and methods : the sat/vat ratio ( svr ) was calculated using abdominal computed tomography in 2,655 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 methods
5 : 8 ratio
5 : 13 calculated
5 : 21 .
6 the 8 ratio
7 sat/vat 8 ratio
8 ratio 10 svr
8 ratio 12 was
9 ( 10 svr
10 svr 11 )
12 was 13 calculated
13 calculated 14 using
14 using 17 tomography
14 using 18 in
15 abdominal 17 tomography
16 computed 17 tomography
18 in 20 subjects
19 2,655 20 subjects

we used regression analyses to assess whether the svr predicted mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 analyses
2 used 5 to
2 used 6 assess
3 regression 4 analyses
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 7 whether
7 whether 9 svr
7 whether 10 predicted
8 the 9 svr
9 svr 10 predicted
10 predicted 11 mets

results : for both sexes , the prevalence of elevated triglycerides , reduced hdl , and elevated fasting glucose significantly decreased with increasing quintiles of svr ( p [for] [trend] < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 sexes
2 : 13 reduced
2 : 16 and
2 : 34 .
3 for 4 both
3 for 5 sexes
5 sexes 8 prevalence
5 sexes 13 reduced
6 , 8 prevalence
7 the 8 prevalence
8 prevalence 9 of
8 prevalence 12 ,
9 of 11 triglycerides
10 elevated 11 triglycerides
13 reduced 14 hdl
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 glucose
16 and 21 decreased
17 elevated 19 glucose
18 fasting 19 glucose
19 glucose 21 decreased
20 significantly 21 decreased
21 decreased 22 with
21 decreased 31 <
22 with 23 increasing
23 increasing 24 quintiles
24 quintiles 25 of
25 of 26 svr
27 ( 31 <
28 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.05
31 < 33 )

the prevalence and odds ratios of mets significantly decreased as the svr increased ( men : odds ratio 0.5 [ 95 % ci 0.3 - 0.7 ] ; women : 0.2 [ 0.1 - 0.5 []] for comparisons of [lowest] [vs] [.] [highest] quintile [;] p for trend [<] 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 5 ratios
2 prevalence 3 and
3 and 4 odds
3 and 5 ratios
5 ratios 6 of
5 ratios 9 decreased
6 of 7 mets
8 significantly 9 decreased
9 decreased 10 as
10 as 12 svr
11 the 12 svr
12 svr 13 increased
12 svr 15 men
14 ( 15 men
15 men 16 :
16 : 18 ratio
16 : 28 ;
17 odds 18 ratio
18 ratio 19 0.5
18 ratio 23 ci
20 [ 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 25 -
23 ci 27 ]
24 0.3 25 -
25 - 26 0.7
28 ; 29 women
28 ; 30 :
30 : 31 0.2
31 0.2 34 -
32 [ 34 -
33 0.1 34 -
34 - 35 0.5
34 - 37 for
34 - 47 for
34 - 51 )
37 for 38 comparisons
38 comparisons 39 of
39 of 44 quintile
44 quintile 46 p
47 for 48 trend
48 trend 50 0.05

conclusions : after adjustment for vat , abdominal sat was inversely correlated with the occurrence of mets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 after
3 after 4 adjustment
4 adjustment 5 for
5 for 6 vat
7 , 9 sat
7 , 12 correlated
8 abdominal 9 sat
9 sat 10 was
10 was 12 correlated
11 inversely 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 with
13 with 15 occurrence
14 the 15 occurrence
15 occurrence 16 of
16 of 17 mets

['] age ['] is a major risk factor in cardiac surgery , however , the precise risks accompanying ['] age ['] have not been fully analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 age 4 is
4 is 8 factor
5 a 8 factor
6 major 8 factor
7 risk 8 factor
8 factor 9 in
9 in 11 surgery
10 cardiac 11 surgery
12 , 17 risks
12 , 26 analyzed
13 however 14 ,
13 however 17 risks
15 the 17 risks
16 precise 17 risks
17 risks 18 accompanying
17 risks 22 have
18 accompanying 20 age
22 have 23 not
22 have 24 been
24 been 25 fully
24 been 26 analyzed

this study aimed to clarify the age - specific risks affecting the short - term outcome after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 clarify
4 to 5 clarify
5 clarify 7 age
6 the 7 age
7 age 10 risks
8 - 10 risks
9 specific 10 risks
10 risks 11 affecting
10 risks 24 cabg
10 risks 25 )
11 affecting 16 outcome
11 affecting 17 after
12 the 16 outcome
13 short 14 -
13 short 15 term
15 term 16 outcome
17 after 22 grafting
18 isolated 19 coronary
19 coronary 21 bypass
20 artery 21 bypass
21 bypass 22 grafting
23 ( 24 cabg
24 cabg 25 )

data of 13488 procedures were obtained from the japan adult cardiovascular surgery database , and the patients were divided into three groups [;] under 65 years of age ( ['] young ' , n=4420 ) , 65 - 75 ( ['] middle ['] , n=5485 ) , [and] over 75 years of age [(] ['] [old] ['] , n=3583 ) . 
1 data 2 of
1 data 4 procedures
1 data 5 were
1 data 6 obtained
2 of 3 13488
4 procedures 5 were
6 obtained 7 from
6 obtained 12 surgery
7 from 9 japan
8 the 9 japan
10 adult 11 cardiovascular
11 cardiovascular 12 surgery
12 surgery 15 and
12 surgery 18 were
12 surgery 19 divided
12 surgery 24 under
13 database 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 patients
15 and 18 were
16 the 17 patients
19 divided 20 into
20 into 22 groups
21 three 22 groups
24 under 26 years
25 65 26 years
26 years 27 of
27 of 28 age
28 age 32 '
28 age 34 n=4420
28 age 38 -
29 ( 32 '
31 young 32 '
32 ' 33 ,
33 , 34 n=4420
34 n=4420 35 )
36 , 38 -
37 65 38 -
38 - 39 75
39 75 42 middle
39 75 45 n=5485
39 75 49 over
40 ( 42 middle
42 middle 44 ,
44 , 45 n=5485
45 n=5485 46 )
47 , 49 over
49 over 51 years
49 over 61 .
50 75 51 years
51 years 52 of
51 years 59 n=3583
52 of 53 age
58 , 59 n=3583
59 n=3583 60 )

as [a] preoperative profile , ['] [old] ['] tended to have extracardiac arteriopathy , left main stenosis , and emergency operation , whereas [,] ['] young ' had more coronary risk factors ( smoking , diabetes , dyslipidemia [ )(and low left [ventricular] ( lv ) function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 profile
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 as 3 preoperative
3 preoperative 4 profile
5 , 14 ,
9 tended 10 to
9 tended 13 arteriopathy
9 tended 14 ,
10 to 11 have
12 extracardiac 13 arteriopathy
14 , 15 left
15 left 19 and
15 left 23 whereas
16 main 17 stenosis
17 stenosis 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 operation
19 and 22 ,
20 emergency 21 operation
23 whereas 27 '
23 whereas 28 had
26 young 27 '
27 ' 28 had
28 had 32 factors
29 more 32 factors
30 coronary 32 factors
31 risk 32 factors
32 factors 40 )(and
33 ( 40 )(and
34 smoking 35 ,
35 , 36 diabetes
35 , 37 ,
37 , 38 dyslipidemia
37 , 40 )(and
40 )(and 47 function
40 )(and 48 .
41 low 47 function
42 left 45 lv
42 left 46 )
42 left 47 function
44 ( 45 lv
45 lv 46 )

the 30 [-] day operative mortality rate increased significantly with age ( ['] young ' : 1.7 % , ['] middle ['] : 2.3 % [,] ['] [old] ['] : 4.3 % , p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
1 the 7 rate
2 30 4 day
4 day 7 rate
5 operative 6 mortality
6 mortality 7 rate
7 rate 8 increased
8 increased 9 significantly
8 increased 10 with
10 with 11 age
11 age 15 '
12 ( 15 '
14 young 15 '
15 ' 16 :
16 : 18 %
16 : 23 :
17 1.7 18 %
18 % 21 middle
19 , 21 middle
21 middle 23 :
23 : 25 %
23 : 30 :
23 : 36 .
24 2.3 25 %
25 % 30 :
30 : 32 %
31 4.3 32 %
32 % 34 p<0.0001
33 , 34 p<0.0001
34 p<0.0001 35 )

renal dysfunction , arrhythmia , preoperative inotropes , and emergency surgery were the predictors for mortality common to all groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 renal 2 dysfunction
2 dysfunction 3 ,
3 , 7 inotropes
3 , 9 and
4 arrhythmia 5 ,
4 arrhythmia 7 inotropes
6 preoperative 7 inotropes
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 surgery
9 and 12 were
10 emergency 11 surgery
12 were 14 predictors
13 the 14 predictors
14 predictors 15 for
14 predictors 17 common
15 for 16 mortality
17 common 18 to
18 to 20 groups
19 all 20 groups

besides these , ['] young ' only had cardiac factors as additional risks , whereas various factors including cardiac parameters , redo sternotomy , peripheral vascular disease , and chronic lung disease were the additional risks in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 '
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 besides 2 these
1 besides 3 ,
1 besides 6 '
5 young 6 '
6 ' 8 had
7 only 8 had
8 had 10 factors
8 had 11 as
9 cardiac 10 factors
11 as 13 risks
12 additional 13 risks
14 , 22 redo
14 , 24 ,
15 whereas 17 factors
15 whereas 21 ,
15 whereas 22 redo
16 various 17 factors
17 factors 18 including
18 including 20 parameters
19 cardiac 20 parameters
22 redo 23 sternotomy
24 , 29 and
24 , 33 were
25 peripheral 27 disease
26 vascular 27 disease
27 disease 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 disease
29 and 33 were
30 chronic 31 lung
31 lung 32 disease
33 were 36 risks
34 the 36 risks
35 additional 36 risks
36 risks 37 in
37 in 39 elderly
38 the 39 elderly

thus , the elderly population was vulnerable to any kind of factors , and preoperative systemic evaluation [was] crucial in the elderly to help define the appropriate surgical candidates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 5 population
3 the 5 population
4 elderly 5 population
5 population 6 was
6 was 7 vulnerable
7 vulnerable 8 to
8 to 14 and
9 any 11 of
10 kind 11 of
11 of 12 factors
11 of 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 evaluation
14 and 19 crucial
15 preoperative 17 evaluation
16 systemic 17 evaluation
19 crucial 20 in
19 crucial 23 to
20 in 22 elderly
21 the 22 elderly
23 to 24 help
24 help 25 define
25 define 29 candidates
26 the 29 candidates
27 appropriate 29 candidates
28 surgical 29 candidates

background : anti - müllerian [hormone] ( amh ) is a promising marker of ovarian reserve . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 anti
2 : 10 is
2 : 17 .
3 anti 8 amh
3 anti 10 is
4 - 8 amh
5 müllerian 8 amh
7 ( 8 amh
8 amh 9 )
10 is 13 marker
11 a 12 promising
11 a 13 marker
12 promising 13 marker
13 marker 14 of
14 of 16 reserve
15 ovarian 16 reserve

the aim of the study is to assess the circadian variation in amh , and to evaluate its clinical relevance and biological aspects as an effect of age and other endocrine mechanisms involved in the regulation of amh secretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 15 and
7 to 15 and
8 assess 11 variation
8 assess 15 and
9 the 11 variation
10 circadian 11 variation
11 variation 12 in
12 in 13 amh
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 to
15 and 17 evaluate
16 to 17 evaluate
17 evaluate 29 and
17 evaluate 33 involved
18 its 20 relevance
19 clinical 20 relevance
20 relevance 21 and
21 and 23 aspects
21 and 24 as
21 and 27 of
21 and 29 and
22 biological 23 aspects
24 as 26 effect
25 an 26 effect
27 of 28 age
29 and 32 mechanisms
29 and 33 involved
30 other 32 mechanisms
31 endocrine 32 mechanisms
33 involved 34 in
33 involved 39 secretion
34 in 36 regulation
35 the 36 regulation
36 regulation 37 of
37 of 38 amh

blood sampling , initiated at 8:00 a.m . on days 2 - 6 of the menstrual cycle , [was] continued every second hour until 8:00 a.m [.] the following day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 blood 2 sampling
1 blood 3 ,
3 , 4 initiated
4 initiated 5 at
5 at 7 a.m
6 8:00 7 a.m
8 . 12 -
8 . 26 a.m
8 . 31 .
9 on 10 days
9 on 12 -
11 2 12 -
12 - 13 6
12 - 14 of
12 - 26 a.m
14 of 17 cycle
15 the 17 cycle
16 menstrual 17 cycle
18 , 20 continued
20 continued 23 hour
20 continued 24 until
20 continued 26 a.m
21 every 23 hour
22 second 23 hour
24 until 25 8:00
26 a.m 30 day
28 the 29 following
29 following 30 day

serum levels of amh , fsh , lh , progesterone and estradiol were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 serum 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 13 were
3 of 11 and
4 amh 6 fsh
5 , 6 fsh
6 fsh 7 ,
7 , 8 lh
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 progesterone
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 estradiol
13 were 14 measured

results : with 8:00 a.m . values at the first day of investigation as a reference , the mean concentrations in the pooled data revealed a significantly lower level at 4:00 a.m . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 with
2 : 5 a.m
3 with 4 8:00
6 . 7 values
6 . 32 a.m
7 values 8 at
7 values 32 a.m
8 at 11 day
9 the 10 first
9 the 11 day
11 day 20 concentrations
11 day 25 revealed
12 of 13 investigation
12 of 20 concentrations
14 as 16 reference
14 as 17 ,
14 as 20 concentrations
15 a 16 reference
18 the 20 concentrations
19 mean 20 concentrations
20 concentrations 21 in
20 concentrations 25 revealed
21 in 24 data
22 the 24 data
23 pooled 24 data
25 revealed 29 level
25 revealed 30 at
26 a 29 level
27 significantly 28 lower
28 lower 29 level
30 at 31 4:00

[(] p = 0.021 [ )(and 6:00 a.m . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 p
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
2 p 3 =
3 = 4 0.021
6 )(and 7 6:00
6 )(and 8 a.m
7 6:00 8 a.m

[(] p = 0.005 [ )(with a maximum mean difference of 1.9 pmol/l ( 10.6 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 p
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 p 3 =
3 = 4 0.005
4 0.005 6 )(with
4 0.005 16 %
6 )(with 10 difference
7 a 8 maximum
7 a 10 difference
8 maximum 10 difference
9 mean 10 difference
10 difference 11 of
11 of 13 pmol/l
12 1.9 13 pmol/l
14 ( 16 %
15 10.6 16 %
16 % 17 )

the same pattern was seen in both the age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 pattern
3 pattern 4 was
4 was 5 seen
5 seen 6 in
6 in 7 both
7 both 8 the
7 both 10 groups
8 the 10 groups
9 age 10 groups

including both the age groups , the overall circadian variation of the amh levels did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.059 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 including 2 both
1 including 6 ,
1 including 10 variation
2 both 3 the
2 both 5 groups
3 the 5 groups
4 age 5 groups
7 the 10 variation
8 overall 10 variation
9 circadian 10 variation
10 variation 11 of
10 variation 15 did
11 of 14 levels
12 the 14 levels
13 amh 14 levels
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 reach
17 reach 19 significance
18 statistical 19 significance
19 significance 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.059
22 = 24 )

a significant positive correlation between amh and lh concentration was seen over the 24 - h period ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 4 correlation
2 significant 4 correlation
3 positive 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 between
4 correlation 10 was
5 between 7 and
6 amh 7 and
7 and 9 concentration
8 lh 9 concentration
10 was 11 seen
11 seen 12 over
12 over 17 period
13 the 17 period
14 24 15 -
15 - 16 h
15 - 17 period
17 period 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.001
20 < 22 )

conclusions : a slight decrease in serum amh levels during the late night appears [not] clinically relevant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 5 decrease
2 : 14 appears
3 a 5 decrease
4 slight 5 decrease
5 decrease 6 in
5 decrease 10 during
5 decrease 14 appears
6 in 9 levels
7 serum 9 levels
8 amh 9 levels
10 during 13 night
11 the 13 night
12 late 13 night
14 appears 16 clinically
14 appears 17 relevant

[co] - variation in the levels of lh and amh might indicate joint regulatory mechanisms for the latter hormone and gonadotrophins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 - 9 and
3 variation 4 in
3 variation 9 and
4 in 6 levels
5 the 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
7 of 8 lh
9 and 10 amh
9 and 11 might
11 might 12 indicate
12 indicate 15 mechanisms
13 joint 15 mechanisms
14 regulatory 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 16 for
16 for 20 and
17 the 19 hormone
18 latter 19 hormone
19 hormone 20 and
20 and 21 gonadotrophins

objective : in the elderly , obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is frequently under diagnosed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 16 diagnosed
3 in 8 sleep
4 the 8 sleep
5 elderly 6 ,
5 elderly 8 sleep
7 obstructive 8 sleep
8 sleep 9 apnea
8 sleep 15 under
9 apnea 11 osa
9 apnea 13 is
10 ( 11 osa
11 osa 12 )
13 is 14 frequently
13 is 15 under

this study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of the berlin questionnaire to diagnose osa in a large healthy elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 undertaken
4 undertaken 5 to
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 8 accuracy
7 the 8 accuracy
8 accuracy 9 of
8 accuracy 13 to
8 accuracy 14 diagnose
9 of 12 questionnaire
10 the 12 questionnaire
11 berlin 12 questionnaire
13 to 14 diagnose
14 diagnose 15 osa
14 diagnose 16 in
16 in 21 population
17 a 18 large
17 a 21 population
18 large 21 population
19 healthy 21 population
20 elderly 21 population

patients and methods : six hundred forty - three participants aged 65.6 years were examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 patients 2 and
2 and 3 methods
3 methods 4 :
4 : 6 hundred
5 six 6 hundred
6 hundred 10 participants
6 hundred 15 examined
7 forty 8 -
8 - 9 three
8 - 10 participants
10 participants 11 aged
10 participants 13 years
10 participants 14 were
10 participants 15 examined
11 aged 12 65.6
13 years 14 were

all subjects completed the berlin questionnaire and underwent [at] - home respiratory recording . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 7 and
3 completed 6 questionnaire
3 completed 7 and
4 the 6 questionnaire
5 berlin 6 questionnaire
7 and 8 underwent
10 - 13 recording
10 - 14 .
11 home 13 recording
12 respiratory 13 recording

presence of osa was defined by an ahi>15 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 presence 2 of
1 presence 4 was
2 of 3 osa
4 was 5 defined
5 defined 6 by
6 by 8 ahi>15
7 an 8 ahi>15

results : of the respondents , 202 subjects ( 31.4 % ) were in an osa high - risk group according to the berlin questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 5 respondents
4 the 5 respondents
6 , 8 subjects
6 , 13 were
7 202 8 subjects
8 subjects 11 %
8 subjects 13 were
9 ( 11 %
10 31.4 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 were 14 in
13 were 22 to
14 in 20 group
15 an 20 group
16 osa 20 group
17 high 18 -
17 high 20 group
19 risk 20 group
21 according 22 to
22 to 25 questionnaire
23 the 25 questionnaire
24 berlin 25 questionnaire

the high - risk subjects were significantly heavier , had greater [waist] and hip circumferences , higher ahi , and reported more frequently hypertension [and] diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 5 subjects
2 high 3 -
2 high 5 subjects
4 risk 5 subjects
5 subjects 9 ,
6 were 8 heavier
6 were 9 ,
7 significantly 8 heavier
9 , 20 and
10 had 15 circumferences
10 had 20 and
11 greater 13 and
13 and 14 hip
13 and 15 circumferences
15 circumferences 18 ahi
16 , 18 ahi
17 higher 18 ahi
18 ahi 19 ,
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 reported
21 reported 23 frequently
21 reported 26 diabetes
22 more 23 frequently
24 hypertension 26 diabetes

habitual snoring was present in 54 % of the sample , sleepiness in 12 % of participants , and a bmi>30 and a history [of] hypertension in 42.1 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 habitual
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 sleepiness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 habitual 2 snoring
1 habitual 3 was
3 was 4 present
4 present 5 in
5 in 7 %
6 54 7 %
7 % 8 of
8 of 10 sample
9 the 10 sample
11 , 12 sleepiness
12 sleepiness 13 in
12 sleepiness 27 in
13 in 15 %
14 12 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 22 and
17 participants 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 bmi>30
19 and 22 and
20 a 21 bmi>30
22 and 26 hypertension
23 a 24 history
23 a 26 hypertension
24 history 26 hypertension
27 in 29 %
28 42.1 29 %

being in the high - risk group predicted an ahi>15 with a sensitivity of 77 % , a specificity of 39 % , a positive predictive value of 63 % and a negative predictive value of 55 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 being 2 in
1 being 8 predicted
2 in 7 group
3 the 7 group
4 high 5 -
4 high 7 group
6 risk 7 group
8 predicted 10 ahi>15
8 predicted 11 with
9 an 10 ahi>15
11 with 13 sensitivity
12 a 13 sensitivity
13 sensitivity 14 of
13 sensitivity 19 specificity
14 of 16 %
15 77 16 %
17 , 19 specificity
18 a 19 specificity
19 specificity 20 of
19 specificity 23 ,
20 of 22 %
21 39 22 %
23 , 31 and
24 a 27 value
25 positive 27 value
26 predictive 27 value
27 value 28 of
27 value 31 and
28 of 30 %
29 63 30 %
31 and 35 value
31 and 36 of
32 a 33 negative
32 a 35 value
33 negative 35 value
34 predictive 35 value
36 of 38 %
37 55 38 %

among berlin questionnaire categories , snoring correctly classified 61 % of the sample and explained the 5 % variance of ahi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 snoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 among 4 categories
1 among 5 ,
1 among 6 snoring
2 berlin 4 categories
3 questionnaire 4 categories
6 snoring 7 correctly
6 snoring 14 and
8 classified 10 %
8 classified 14 and
9 61 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 13 sample
12 the 13 sample
14 and 15 explained
15 explained 19 variance
16 the 19 variance
17 5 18 %
18 % 19 variance
19 variance 20 of
20 of 21 ahi

conclusions : the berlin questionnaire did not provide a high level of diagnostic specificity to discriminate osa in an elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 5 questionnaire
2 : 8 provide
3 the 5 questionnaire
4 berlin 5 questionnaire
5 questionnaire 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 provide
8 provide 11 level
8 provide 18 in
9 a 10 high
9 a 11 level
10 high 11 level
11 level 12 of
12 of 14 specificity
13 diagnostic 14 specificity
14 specificity 15 to
14 specificity 16 discriminate
15 to 16 discriminate
16 discriminate 17 osa
18 in 21 population
19 an 20 elderly
19 an 21 population
20 elderly 21 population

[although] not sufficiently accurate , this questionnaire can be used to identify subjects for sleep study assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 not 7 questionnaire
2 not 10 used
3 sufficiently 4 accurate
4 accurate 5 ,
4 accurate 7 questionnaire
6 this 7 questionnaire
7 questionnaire 8 can
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 used
10 used 11 to
11 to 12 identify
12 identify 13 subjects
13 subjects 14 for
14 for 17 assessment
15 sleep 17 assessment
16 study 17 assessment

purpose : to investigate the reliability of a 3 d [-] accelerometry based gait analysis , and [its] correlates with clinical status and fall - risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 17 and
3 to 17 and
4 investigate 6 reliability
4 investigate 17 and
5 the 6 reliability
6 reliability 7 of
7 of 15 analysis
8 a 15 analysis
9 3 10 d
10 d 15 analysis
12 accelerometry 13 based
13 based 14 gait
14 gait 15 analysis
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 correlates
17 and 20 with
17 and 26 risk
20 with 23 and
21 clinical 22 status
22 status 23 and
23 and 24 fall
23 and 25 -

[intra] - and [inter] - observer reliability of gait speed , step [-] time asymmetry , mediolateral and craniocaudal step and stride regularity were determined by icc and cv of standard error of measurement ( cv ( sem ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 - 3 and
3 and 5 -
3 and 24 were
5 - 21 and
6 observer 7 reliability
7 reliability 8 of
7 reliability 11 ,
8 of 10 speed
9 gait 10 speed
11 , 15 asymmetry
11 , 16 ,
12 step 15 asymmetry
14 time 15 asymmetry
16 , 20 step
16 , 21 and
17 mediolateral 18 and
18 and 19 craniocaudal
18 and 20 step
21 and 23 regularity
21 and 24 were
22 stride 23 regularity
24 were 28 and
25 determined 26 by
25 determined 28 and
26 by 27 icc
28 and 29 cv
28 and 30 of
28 and 36 cv
30 of 32 error
31 standard 32 error
32 error 33 of
33 of 34 measurement
35 ( 36 cv
36 cv 38 sem
36 cv 40 )
37 ( 38 sem
38 sem 39 )

relationships with cognition ( mmse ) , dependency , grip strength , muscle endurance , and fall - risk ( fall - history , timed - get - up - and - go and tinetti - test [ )( analysed [in] elderly participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 relationships 2 with
1 relationships 8 dependency
1 relationships 16 and
1 relationships 31 and
2 with 3 cognition
3 cognition 5 mmse
4 ( 5 mmse
5 mmse 6 )
7 , 8 dependency
8 dependency 9 ,
9 , 16 and
10 grip 11 strength
11 strength 12 ,
12 , 14 endurance
12 , 16 and
13 muscle 14 endurance
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 fall
16 and 19 risk
16 and 23 history
16 and 25 timed
16 and 26 -
18 - 19 risk
19 risk 21 fall
19 risk 22 -
20 ( 21 fall
21 fall 22 -
22 - 23 history
23 history 24 ,
24 , 25 timed
25 timed 26 -
27 get 29 up
27 get 31 and
28 - 29 up
30 - 31 and
31 and 34 and
32 - 34 and
33 go 34 and
34 and 37 test
35 tinetti 36 -
35 tinetti 37 test
37 test 43 participants
40 analysed 43 participants
42 elderly 43 participants

compared to oc , ofr showed significantly [(] p<0.05 ) slower gait speed , and worse step and stride regularity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ofr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 4 ,
1 compared 5 ofr
2 to 3 oc
5 ofr 6 showed
6 showed 18 and
6 showed 20 regularity
7 significantly 9 p<0.05
9 p<0.05 10 )
9 p<0.05 12 gait
11 slower 12 gait
12 gait 13 speed
13 speed 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 step
15 and 18 and
16 worse 17 step
18 and 19 stride

gait speed , step - time asymmetry , step and stride regularity related significantly ( p<0.05 ) with several functional outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 gait 2 speed
3 , 4 step
3 , 5 -
5 - 6 time
6 time 10 and
6 time 18 with
7 asymmetry 8 ,
8 , 9 step
8 , 10 and
10 and 12 regularity
10 and 13 related
10 and 16 p<0.05
11 stride 12 regularity
13 related 14 significantly
15 ( 16 p<0.05
16 p<0.05 17 )
18 with 21 outcomes
19 several 21 outcomes
20 functional 21 outcomes

besides gait speed ( 1.158 m / [s] , 78 % sensitivity and 78 % specificity ) , none of the gait features showed sufficient discriminative capacity according to fall - risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 besides 3 speed
1 besides 23 features
2 gait 3 speed
3 speed 13 and
4 ( 13 and
5 1.158 6 m
6 m 7 /
7 / 9 ,
9 , 12 sensitivity
9 , 13 and
10 78 11 %
11 % 12 sensitivity
13 and 16 specificity
13 and 17 )
13 and 18 ,
14 78 15 %
15 % 16 specificity
19 none 20 of
19 none 23 features
20 of 23 features
21 the 23 features
22 gait 23 features
23 features 24 showed
24 showed 27 capacity
24 showed 29 to
25 sufficient 27 capacity
26 discriminative 27 capacity
28 according 29 to
29 to 30 fall
31 - 32 risk

conclusions : in all participants together , 3 d - accelerometry based gait speed and regularity showed high reliability when based on two walks of 18 m . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 participants
4 all 5 participants
5 participants 6 together
5 participants 9 d
7 , 9 d
8 3 9 d
9 d 10 -
10 - 11 accelerometry
10 - 12 based
10 - 15 and
10 - 28 .
11 accelerometry 12 based
12 based 14 speed
13 gait 14 speed
15 and 16 regularity
15 and 17 showed
16 regularity 17 showed
17 showed 19 reliability
17 showed 20 when
18 high 19 reliability
20 when 21 based
21 based 22 on
22 on 24 walks
23 two 24 walks
24 walks 25 of
25 of 27 m
26 18 27 m

relationships with functional characteristics support the validity of gait variability features in elderly persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 relationships
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 relationships 2 with
1 relationships 5 support
2 with 4 characteristics
3 functional 4 characteristics
5 support 7 validity
5 support 12 in
6 the 7 validity
7 validity 8 of
8 of 11 features
9 gait 11 features
10 variability 11 features
12 in 14 persons
13 elderly 14 persons

more fundamental and prospective research is necessary to clarify their clinical value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 more 5 research
2 fundamental 3 and
3 and 4 prospective
3 and 5 research
5 research 6 is
6 is 7 necessary
7 necessary 8 to
7 necessary 9 clarify
8 to 9 clarify
9 clarify 12 value
10 their 12 value
11 clinical 12 value

previous studies have suggested that arm movements can contribute to preventing the loss of balance or falls , and that aging affects the functions of arm movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 suggested
4 suggested 5 that
5 that 7 movements
5 that 16 or
6 arm 7 movements
8 can 9 contribute
8 can 16 or
9 contribute 10 to
10 to 11 preventing
11 preventing 13 loss
12 the 13 loss
13 loss 14 of
14 of 15 balance
16 or 17 falls
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 that
19 and 22 affects
20 that 21 aging
20 that 22 affects
22 affects 24 functions
23 the 24 functions
24 functions 25 of
25 of 27 movements
26 arm 27 movements

clinical balance and mobility tests may be able to detect such aging effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 clinical 2 balance
2 balance 3 and
3 and 5 tests
3 and 6 may
4 mobility 5 tests
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 able
8 able 9 to
8 able 10 detect
9 to 10 detect
10 detect 13 effects
11 such 13 effects
12 aging 13 effects

as the first step to approaching this question , the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of arm movements on the performance of clinical balance and mobility tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 as 3 first
1 as 4 step
1 as 9 ,
1 as 11 purpose
2 the 3 first
3 first 4 step
4 step 5 to
5 to 6 approaching
6 approaching 8 question
7 this 8 question
10 the 11 purpose
11 purpose 12 of
11 purpose 16 was
12 of 15 study
13 this 15 study
14 pilot 15 study
16 was 17 to
16 was 18 investigate
17 to 18 investigate
18 investigate 20 effects
18 investigate 24 on
19 the 20 effects
20 effects 21 of
21 of 23 movements
22 arm 23 movements
24 on 26 performance
25 the 26 performance
26 performance 27 of
27 of 30 and
28 clinical 29 balance
29 balance 30 and
30 and 32 tests
31 mobility 32 tests

ten participants were evaluated in four clinical tests : [(] 1 [ )(maximal [step] [length] [test] [(] [ms] t [ )( [(] [2] [ )(step [test] ( [st] [ )(, [(] [3] [ )(timed up and go test ( tug ) , [and] ( 4 [ )(walk along an elliptical line ( wel ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 ten 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 in
5 in 8 tests
6 four 8 tests
7 clinical 8 tests
9 : 19 t
11 1 19 t
13 )(maximal 19 t
19 t 30 )(,
25 )(step 30 )(,
27 ( 30 )(,
30 )(, 34 )(timed
30 )(, 36 and
35 up 36 and
36 and 40 tug
36 and 42 ,
36 and 47 )(walk
37 go 38 test
38 test 40 tug
39 ( 40 tug
40 tug 41 )
44 ( 47 )(walk
45 4 47 )(walk
47 )(walk 48 along
47 )(walk 53 wel
47 )(walk 55 .
48 along 51 line
49 an 51 line
50 elliptical 51 line
52 ( 53 wel
53 wel 54 )

each test was performed with free and limited arm movement and the outcomes were compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 each 2 test
2 test 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 with
5 with 10 movement
6 free 7 and
7 and 8 limited
7 and 9 arm
9 arm 10 movement
11 and 13 outcomes
11 and 15 compared
12 the 13 outcomes
13 outcomes 14 were
14 were 15 compared

statistical analysis indicated a significant improvement in test performance when arms were used freely for three out of four tests [(] [mst] , st and tug ) , with inconclusive results on wel . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 statistical 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 indicated
3 indicated 6 improvement
3 indicated 29 with
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 improvement
5 significant 6 improvement
6 improvement 7 in
6 improvement 10 when
7 in 9 performance
8 test 9 performance
10 when 11 arms
10 when 13 used
11 arms 12 were
12 were 13 used
13 used 14 freely
13 used 15 for
13 used 18 of
15 for 16 three
17 out 18 of
18 of 20 tests
19 four 20 tests
20 tests 25 and
23 , 25 and
24 st 25 and
25 and 26 tug
25 and 27 )
25 and 28 ,
29 with 31 results
29 with 32 on
30 inconclusive 31 results
32 on 33 wel

this pilot study showed improved performance on the clinical balance and mobility tests , suggesting that the contribution of arm movements is sufficiently large to be detected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
1 this 3 study
2 pilot 3 study
3 study 4 showed
4 showed 6 performance
4 showed 11 and
5 improved 6 performance
6 performance 7 on
7 on 10 balance
8 the 10 balance
9 clinical 10 balance
11 and 12 mobility
11 and 13 tests
13 tests 15 suggesting
14 , 15 suggesting
15 suggesting 16 that
15 suggesting 28 .
16 that 18 contribution
16 that 27 detected
17 the 18 contribution
18 contribution 19 of
18 contribution 22 is
19 of 21 movements
20 arm 21 movements
22 is 23 sufficiently
22 is 24 large
24 large 25 to
25 to 26 be
26 be 27 detected

this implies a feasibility for novel usage of clinical balance and mobility tests , i.e [.] , to test the effectiveness of arm usage in balance and mobility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 implies
2 implies 4 feasibility
2 implies 5 for
3 a 4 feasibility
5 for 7 usage
6 novel 7 usage
7 usage 8 of
7 usage 15 i.e
8 of 11 and
9 clinical 10 balance
10 balance 11 and
11 and 13 tests
12 mobility 13 tests
14 , 15 i.e
15 i.e 17 ,
17 , 18 to
17 , 19 test
18 to 19 test
19 test 21 effectiveness
19 test 25 in
20 the 21 effectiveness
21 effectiveness 22 of
22 of 24 usage
23 arm 24 usage
25 in 27 and
26 balance 27 and
27 and 28 mobility

prader - willi [syndrome] ( pws ) is characterized by temper tantrums , impulsivity , mood fluctuations , difficulty with change in routine , skinpicking , stubbornness and aggression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prader
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 prader 6 pws
1 prader 8 is
2 - 6 pws
3 willi 6 pws
5 ( 6 pws
6 pws 7 )
8 is 9 characterized
9 characterized 10 by
10 by 12 tantrums
11 temper 12 tantrums
12 tantrums 14 impulsivity
12 tantrums 17 fluctuations
13 , 14 impulsivity
14 impulsivity 15 ,
15 , 17 fluctuations
16 mood 17 fluctuations
17 fluctuations 18 ,
18 , 28 and
19 difficulty 20 with
19 difficulty 24 ,
20 with 21 change
21 change 22 in
22 in 23 routine
24 , 25 skinpicking
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 stubbornness
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 aggression

many studies on behavior in pws are limited by sample size , age range , a lack of genetically confirmed diagnosis of pws and inconsistent assessment of behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 limited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 many 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 7 are
3 on 4 behavior
4 behavior 5 in
5 in 6 pws
7 are 8 limited
8 limited 9 by
9 by 24 and
10 sample 11 size
11 size 12 ,
12 , 14 range
12 , 15 ,
13 age 14 range
15 , 17 lack
15 , 24 and
16 a 17 lack
17 lack 18 of
17 lack 22 of
18 of 21 diagnosis
19 genetically 20 confirmed
20 confirmed 21 diagnosis
22 of 23 pws
24 and 26 assessment
24 and 27 of
25 inconsistent 26 assessment
27 of 28 behavior

the aim of this study was to explore systematically the relation between behavioral problems and age groups , genetic [subtypes] and bmi categories in an adult pws population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 15 and
7 to 15 and
8 explore 9 systematically
8 explore 11 relation
8 explore 12 between
8 explore 15 and
10 the 11 relation
12 between 14 problems
13 behavioral 14 problems
15 and 16 age
16 age 21 and
16 age 24 in
17 groups 18 ,
18 , 19 genetic
18 , 21 and
21 and 23 categories
22 bmi 23 categories
24 in 28 population
25 an 28 population
26 adult 28 population
27 pws 28 population

participants were contacted via the dutch prader - willi parent association and through physicians specialized in persons with id . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 contacted
3 contacted 4 via
4 via 7 prader
5 the 6 dutch
6 dutch 7 prader
8 - 12 and
8 - 15 specialized
8 - 20 .
9 willi 10 parent
10 parent 11 association
11 association 12 and
12 and 14 physicians
12 and 15 specialized
13 through 14 physicians
15 specialized 16 in
15 specialized 18 with
16 in 17 persons
18 with 19 id

behaviors were studied using the developmental behavior checklist for adults ( dbc - a ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 behaviors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 behaviors 2 were
2 were 3 studied
3 studied 4 using
4 using 8 checklist
5 the 8 checklist
6 developmental 7 behavior
7 behavior 8 checklist
8 checklist 9 for
9 for 10 adults
10 adults 13 -
11 ( 13 -
12 dbc 13 -
13 - 14 a
13 - 15 )

the forms were completed by the main caregivers of 98 adults with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of pws . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 forms
2 forms 3 were
3 were 4 completed
4 completed 5 by
4 completed 12 with
5 by 8 caregivers
6 the 7 main
6 the 8 caregivers
8 caregivers 9 of
9 of 11 adults
10 98 11 adults
12 with 16 diagnosis
13 a 14 genetically
13 a 16 diagnosis
14 genetically 15 confirmed
15 confirmed 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 of
17 of 18 pws

differences between age groups were statistically significant ( anova , p=0.03 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 )(
1 differences 2 between
1 differences 5 were
2 between 4 groups
3 age 4 groups
5 were 6 statistically
5 were 11 p=0.03
7 significant 9 anova
7 significant 10 ,
7 significant 11 p=0.03
8 ( 9 anova
9 anova 10 ,

dbc - a total scores were higher in the consecutive age groups , with the most behavioral problems in the oldest age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 dbc 2 -
1 dbc 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 scores
4 total 6 were
4 total 12 groups
5 scores 6 were
6 were 7 higher
6 were 8 in
8 in 11 age
9 the 11 age
10 consecutive 11 age
13 , 22 age
13 , 23 groups
14 with 18 problems
14 with 22 age
15 the 16 most
16 most 18 problems
17 behavioral 18 problems
18 problems 19 in
19 in 21 oldest
20 the 21 oldest
22 age 23 groups

differences [between] [genetic] [subtypes] were also statistically significant ( anova , p<0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 )(
1 differences 5 were
5 were 6 also
5 were 7 statistically
5 were 12 p<0.01
8 significant 10 anova
8 significant 12 p<0.01
9 ( 10 anova
10 anova 11 ,

persons with mupd had higher total scores on the dbc [-] a than persons with a deletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 persons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 persons 2 with
1 persons 4 had
2 with 3 mupd
4 had 7 scores
4 had 8 on
4 had 13 than
4 had 15 with
5 higher 7 scores
6 total 7 scores
8 on 10 dbc
9 the 10 dbc
10 dbc 12 a
13 than 14 persons
15 with 17 deletion
16 a 17 deletion

those with a type i deletion showed higher total dbc [-] a scores than persons with a type ii deletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 those 2 with
1 those 7 showed
2 with 6 deletion
3 a 6 deletion
4 type 5 i
4 type 6 deletion
7 showed 10 dbc
7 showed 13 scores
8 higher 10 dbc
9 total 10 dbc
10 dbc 12 a
10 dbc 13 scores
13 scores 14 than
13 scores 16 with
14 than 15 persons
16 with 20 deletion
17 a 20 deletion
18 type 19 ii
18 type 20 deletion

there were no statistically significant differences in dbc - a total scores between the different bmi categories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 there 2 were
2 were 6 differences
3 no 6 differences
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
7 in 8 dbc
9 - 11 total
9 - 12 scores
9 - 18 .
10 a 11 total
11 total 12 scores
12 scores 13 between
13 between 17 categories
14 the 17 categories
15 different 17 categories
16 bmi 17 categories

individuals with a bmi<25 had higher scores on the self - absorbed subscale compared to persons with a bmi between 25 and 30 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 individuals 2 with
1 individuals 5 had
2 with 4 bmi<25
3 a 4 bmi<25
5 had 7 scores
5 had 8 on
6 higher 7 scores
8 on 10 self
9 the 10 self
11 - 13 subscale
11 - 14 compared
11 - 24 .
12 absorbed 13 subscale
13 subscale 14 compared
14 compared 15 to
14 compared 17 with
15 to 16 persons
17 with 19 bmi
18 a 19 bmi
19 bmi 22 and
20 between 22 and
21 25 22 and
22 and 23 30

unlike previous descriptions of the behavioral phenotype in adults with pws , we did not find a reduction in behavioral problems in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 unlike 3 descriptions
1 unlike 12 ,
1 unlike 13 we
2 previous 3 descriptions
3 descriptions 4 of
4 of 7 phenotype
5 the 7 phenotype
6 behavioral 7 phenotype
7 phenotype 8 in
8 in 9 adults
9 adults 10 with
10 with 11 pws
13 we 14 did
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 find
16 find 18 reduction
16 find 19 in
16 find 22 in
17 a 18 reduction
19 in 21 problems
20 behavioral 21 problems
22 in 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

therefore , special attention should be paid to behavioral problems as part of general management of adults with pws . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 paid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 attention
3 special 4 attention
4 attention 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 paid
7 paid 8 to
7 paid 11 as
7 paid 18 with
8 to 10 problems
9 behavioral 10 problems
11 as 15 management
12 part 13 of
12 part 15 management
13 of 15 management
14 general 15 management
15 management 16 of
16 of 17 adults
18 with 19 pws

longitudinal studies are warranted to gain more insight into the natural history and course of behavioral problems in adults and older people with pws over the long term and possible risk and preventive factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 longitudinal 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 warranted
4 warranted 5 to
4 warranted 9 into
4 warranted 18 in
4 warranted 25 over
5 to 6 gain
6 gain 8 insight
7 more 8 insight
9 into 13 and
10 the 12 history
11 natural 12 history
12 history 13 and
13 and 14 course
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 problems
16 behavioral 17 problems
18 in 22 people
19 adults 20 and
20 and 21 older
20 and 22 people
22 people 23 with
23 with 24 pws
25 over 32 and
26 the 28 term
27 long 28 term
28 term 29 and
29 and 31 risk
29 and 32 and
30 possible 31 risk
32 and 34 factors
33 preventive 34 factors

the association between education and good health is well established , but whether the strength of the association depends on other social statuses is not . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 8 is
3 between 5 and
4 education 5 and
5 and 7 health
6 good 7 health
8 is 9 well
9 well 10 established
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 whether
12 but 24 is
13 whether 15 strength
13 whether 19 depends
13 whether 24 is
14 the 15 strength
15 strength 16 of
15 strength 19 depends
16 of 18 association
17 the 18 association
19 depends 20 on
20 on 23 statuses
21 other 23 statuses
22 social 23 statuses
24 is 25 not

we test a theory of resource substitution which predicts a larger correlation between education and health ( measured for physical impairment ) for people who grew up in families with poorly [-] educated parents than for those whose parents were well educated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 we 2 test
2 test 4 theory
2 test 36 for
3 a 4 theory
4 theory 5 of
5 of 7 substitution
6 resource 7 substitution
7 substitution 8 which
7 substitution 9 predicts
7 substitution 13 between
7 substitution 23 for
8 which 9 predicts
9 predicts 12 correlation
10 a 12 correlation
11 larger 12 correlation
13 between 15 and
14 education 15 and
15 and 16 health
15 and 18 measured
17 ( 18 measured
18 measured 19 for
18 measured 22 )
19 for 21 impairment
20 physical 21 impairment
23 for 24 people
24 people 25 who
24 people 26 grew
25 who 26 grew
26 grew 27 up
26 grew 28 in
26 grew 30 with
28 in 29 families
30 with 34 parents
30 with 35 than
31 poorly 33 educated
33 educated 34 parents
36 for 37 those
37 those 38 whose
37 those 42 educated
38 whose 39 parents
39 parents 40 were
40 were 41 well

this is supported in the aging , status , and sense of control ( asoc ) survey , a representative national u.s . sample with data collected in 1995 , 1998 , [and] 2001 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 supported
3 supported 4 in
4 in 17 survey
5 the 17 survey
6 aging 7 ,
7 , 8 status
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 sense
10 and 12 of
10 and 15 asoc
10 and 17 survey
12 of 13 control
14 ( 15 asoc
15 asoc 16 )
18 , 22 u.s
19 a 20 representative
19 a 22 u.s
20 representative 22 u.s
21 national 22 u.s
23 . 24 sample
23 . 35 .
24 sample 25 with
24 sample 34 2001
25 with 26 data
26 data 27 collected
27 collected 28 in
28 in 29 1995
29 1995 31 1998
30 , 31 1998
31 1998 32 ,

the reason that parental education matters more to people who are poorly educated themselves is due to an unhealthy lifestyle [,] specifically to smoking and being overweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reason
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 reason
2 reason 3 that
2 reason 15 is
3 that 5 education
3 that 6 matters
4 parental 5 education
5 education 6 matters
6 matters 7 more
6 matters 8 to
6 matters 14 themselves
8 to 9 people
9 people 10 who
9 people 11 are
10 who 11 are
11 are 13 educated
12 poorly 13 educated
15 is 25 and
15 is 27 overweight
16 due 17 to
16 due 22 specifically
16 due 23 to
16 due 25 and
17 to 20 lifestyle
18 an 20 lifestyle
19 unhealthy 20 lifestyle
23 to 24 smoking
25 and 26 being

finally , as the poorly educated age , the negative health effects of their parents ' low educational attainment get worse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 get
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 12 effects
2 , 3 as
3 as 7 age
3 as 8 ,
3 as 12 effects
4 the 7 age
5 poorly 6 educated
6 educated 7 age
9 the 12 effects
10 negative 11 health
11 health 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
12 effects 20 get
13 of 19 attainment
14 their 15 parents
15 parents 16 '
16 ' 19 attainment
17 low 19 attainment
18 educational 19 attainment
20 get 21 worse

in this paper , 14 healthy subjects in two age groups have produced rapid handwriting strokes with a direction reversal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 subjects
2 this 3 paper
5 14 7 subjects
6 healthy 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 in
7 subjects 12 have
8 in 11 groups
9 two 11 groups
10 age 11 groups
12 have 13 produced
13 produced 16 strokes
13 produced 17 with
14 rapid 15 handwriting
15 handwriting 16 strokes
17 with 20 reversal
18 a 20 reversal
19 direction 20 reversal

the delta [-] lognormal model was used to obtain a detailed description of the velocity of these movements and of the neuromuscular synergy that produces them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 5 model
2 delta 5 model
4 lognormal 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 obtain
8 to 9 obtain
9 obtain 12 description
10 a 11 detailed
10 a 12 description
11 detailed 12 description
12 description 13 of
13 of 15 velocity
14 the 15 velocity
15 velocity 16 of
16 of 18 movements
17 these 18 movements
19 and 24 that
19 and 25 produces
20 of 23 synergy
20 of 24 that
21 the 23 synergy
22 neuromuscular 23 synergy
24 that 25 produces
25 produces 26 them

this modeling also allowed the derivation [of] new hypothesis on the nature of the slowing effect due to aging [(] i.e [.] , a direct effect or a coping strategy ) [and] [on] [its] [repartition] on the different steps of the movement production ( i.e [.] , its preparation versus its execution ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modeling
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 allowed
1 this 2 modeling
2 modeling 4 allowed
3 also 4 allowed
4 allowed 9 hypothesis
4 allowed 10 on
5 the 9 hypothesis
6 derivation 9 hypothesis
8 new 9 hypothesis
10 on 12 nature
11 the 12 nature
12 nature 13 of
13 of 16 effect
14 the 16 effect
15 slowing 16 effect
16 effect 18 to
17 due 18 to
18 to 27 or
19 aging 21 i.e
21 i.e 23 ,
23 , 26 effect
23 , 27 or
24 a 25 direct
24 a 26 effect
25 direct 26 effect
27 or 30 strategy
27 or 31 )
27 or 36 on
28 a 30 strategy
29 coping 30 strategy
36 on 39 steps
37 the 39 steps
38 different 39 steps
39 steps 40 of
40 of 43 production
41 the 43 production
42 movement 43 production
43 production 45 i.e
44 ( 45 i.e
45 i.e 49 preparation
45 i.e 54 .
47 , 49 preparation
48 its 49 preparation
49 preparation 50 versus
49 preparation 53 )
50 versus 52 execution
51 its 52 execution

our analysis revealed a substantial increase of neuromuscular response delays and a decrease of the command amplitudes with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 increase
3 revealed 17 amplitudes
4 a 5 substantial
4 a 6 increase
5 substantial 6 increase
6 increase 7 of
6 increase 17 amplitudes
7 of 11 and
8 neuromuscular 9 response
9 response 10 delays
10 delays 11 and
11 and 13 decrease
11 and 14 of
12 a 13 decrease
14 of 16 command
15 the 16 command
17 amplitudes 18 with
18 with 19 age

for the parameters that show a significant decrease in performance , the agonist and antagonist systems were affected similarly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 systems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 for 3 parameters
1 for 16 systems
2 the 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 that
3 parameters 5 show
4 that 5 show
5 show 8 decrease
5 show 9 in
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 decrease
7 significant 8 decrease
9 in 14 and
10 performance 11 ,
11 , 13 agonist
11 , 14 and
12 the 13 agonist
14 and 15 antagonist
16 systems 17 were
17 were 18 affected
18 affected 19 similarly

in addition , we observed that the age has a proportional effect on the various time characteristics of the movements and that even in the case of a significant slowing [down] of the neuromuscular systems [,] the elderly can still achieve optimal movement responses , characterized by the use of a single delta - lognormal primitive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 observed
5 observed 6 that
6 that 8 age
6 that 9 has
7 the 8 age
8 age 9 has
9 has 12 effect
9 has 16 time
10 a 11 proportional
10 a 12 effect
11 proportional 12 effect
12 effect 13 on
13 on 15 various
14 the 15 various
16 time 21 and
17 characteristics 18 of
17 characteristics 21 and
18 of 20 movements
19 the 20 movements
21 and 22 that
22 that 23 even
22 that 27 of
23 even 24 in
24 in 26 case
25 the 26 case
27 of 30 slowing
28 a 29 significant
28 a 30 slowing
29 significant 30 slowing
30 slowing 32 of
32 of 35 systems
33 the 35 systems
34 neuromuscular 35 systems
35 systems 38 elderly
35 systems 41 achieve
35 systems 46 characterized
37 the 38 elderly
38 elderly 39 can
39 can 41 achieve
40 still 41 achieve
41 achieve 44 responses
42 optimal 44 responses
43 movement 44 responses
45 , 46 characterized
46 characterized 47 by
46 characterized 57 .
47 by 49 use
48 the 49 use
49 use 50 of
50 of 53 delta
51 a 52 single
51 a 53 delta
52 single 53 delta
53 delta 56 primitive
54 - 56 primitive
55 lognormal 56 primitive
56 primitive 57 .

this performance might be related to the preservation of some movement timing properties and relationships between the agonist and the antagonist neuromuscular systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 performance
2 performance 3 might
3 might 4 be
4 be 5 related
5 related 6 to
5 related 16 between
6 to 14 and
7 the 8 preservation
8 preservation 9 of
8 preservation 14 and
9 of 11 movement
10 some 11 movement
11 movement 12 timing
12 timing 13 properties
14 and 15 relationships
16 between 19 and
17 the 18 agonist
18 agonist 19 and
19 and 23 systems
20 the 23 systems
21 antagonist 23 systems
22 neuromuscular 23 systems

objective [:] [to] [identify] and [characterize] cup [to] disc ratio ( cdr ) and related optic nerve head abnormalities in multiple sclerosis ( [ms] [ )(using spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( oct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 objective 5 and
5 and 10 ratio
5 and 12 cdr
5 and 14 and
7 cup 9 disc
9 disc 10 ratio
11 ( 12 cdr
12 cdr 13 )
14 and 19 abnormalities
14 and 20 in
14 and 26 )(using
15 related 17 nerve
16 optic 17 nerve
17 nerve 19 abnormalities
18 head 19 abnormalities
20 in 22 sclerosis
21 multiple 22 sclerosis
23 ( 26 )(using
26 )(using 31 tomography
26 )(using 34 )
27 spectral 31 tomography
28 domain 31 tomography
29 optical 30 coherence
30 coherence 31 tomography
31 tomography 33 oct
32 ( 33 oct
33 oct 34 )

background : while cdr is routinely assessed by ophthalmologists in the evaluation of glaucoma , cdr and related optic nerve head metrics remain largely unexplored in ms [.] design/methods [:] cirrus - hd ( high density ) oct was used to evaluate average cdr , vertical cdr , optic disc area , optic cup volume , and neuro - retinal rim area in 105 ms patients and 88 age - matched healthy individuals . 
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 while
2 : 7 assessed
3 while 4 cdr
3 while 5 is
4 cdr 5 is
5 is 6 routinely
7 assessed 8 by
7 assessed 10 in
8 by 9 ophthalmologists
10 in 12 evaluation
11 the 12 evaluation
12 evaluation 13 of
13 of 17 and
14 glaucoma 15 ,
15 , 16 cdr
15 , 17 and
17 and 21 head
17 and 22 metrics
17 and 23 remain
17 and 25 unexplored
18 related 21 head
19 optic 21 head
20 nerve 21 head
22 metrics 23 remain
24 largely 25 unexplored
25 unexplored 26 in
26 in 29 design/methods
27 ms 29 design/methods
29 design/methods 38 oct
29 design/methods 39 was
29 design/methods 40 used
31 cirrus 33 hd
31 cirrus 38 oct
32 - 33 hd
33 hd 36 density
33 hd 37 )
34 ( 36 density
35 high 36 density
36 density 37 )
38 oct 39 was
40 used 41 to
40 used 42 evaluate
41 to 42 evaluate
42 evaluate 51 area
43 average 51 area
44 cdr 47 cdr
44 cdr 51 area
45 , 47 cdr
46 vertical 47 cdr
47 cdr 48 ,
49 optic 51 area
50 disc 51 area
51 area 59 -
52 , 59 -
53 optic 55 volume
54 cup 55 volume
55 volume 57 and
56 , 57 and
57 and 58 neuro
57 and 59 -
59 - 67 and
60 retinal 61 rim
61 rim 62 area
62 area 63 in
62 area 67 and
63 in 66 patients
64 105 65 ms
65 ms 66 patients
67 and 69 age
67 and 73 individuals
68 88 69 age
70 - 73 individuals
71 matched 73 individuals
72 healthy 73 individuals
73 individuals 74 .

high - contrast ( 100 % ) visual acuity , 2.5 % low - contrast letter acuity and 1.25 % low - contrast letter acuity were assessed in 77 ms patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 high 3 contrast
1 high 9 acuity
2 - 3 contrast
3 contrast 6 %
3 contrast 7 )
4 ( 6 %
5 100 6 %
6 % 7 )
8 visual 9 acuity
9 acuity 10 ,
10 , 17 acuity
10 , 18 and
11 2.5 12 %
12 % 16 letter
13 low 14 -
13 low 15 contrast
15 contrast 16 letter
16 letter 17 acuity
18 and 25 acuity
18 and 26 were
19 1.25 20 %
20 % 25 acuity
21 low 22 -
21 low 25 acuity
23 contrast 24 letter
24 letter 25 acuity
26 were 27 assessed
27 assessed 28 in
28 in 31 patients
29 77 30 ms
30 ms 31 patients

two - sample [t] - tests were used in the analysis of oct - derived optic nerve head measures between healthy controls and [ms] patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 sample
2 - 5 -
2 - 14 -
5 - 6 tests
5 - 8 used
6 tests 7 were
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 in
9 in 11 analysis
10 the 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 of
12 of 13 oct
14 - 23 and
14 - 26 .
15 derived 17 nerve
16 optic 17 nerve
17 nerve 19 measures
18 head 19 measures
19 measures 20 between
19 measures 23 and
20 between 22 controls
21 healthy 22 controls
23 and 25 patients

multivariate regression ( accounting for age and gender ) was used to assess relationships between optic nerve head measures and visual function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 multivariate 2 regression
2 regression 4 accounting
2 regression 10 was
3 ( 4 accounting
4 accounting 5 for
4 accounting 9 )
5 for 7 and
6 age 7 and
7 and 8 gender
10 was 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 13 assess
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 14 relationships
14 relationships 15 between
15 between 20 and
16 optic 17 nerve
17 nerve 18 head
18 head 19 measures
19 measures 20 and
20 and 22 function
21 visual 22 function

results : average cdr ( p=0.007 ) and vertical cdr ( p=0.005 ) were greater in [ms] patients compared to healthy controls , while neuro - retinal rim area was decreased in [ms] patients ( p=0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 cdr
3 average 4 cdr
4 cdr 6 p=0.007
5 ( 6 p=0.007
6 p=0.007 7 )
8 and 10 cdr
8 and 14 were
9 vertical 10 cdr
10 cdr 12 p=0.005
10 cdr 14 were
11 ( 12 p=0.005
12 p=0.005 13 )
14 were 15 greater
15 greater 16 in
16 in 18 patients
18 patients 19 compared
19 compared 20 to
19 compared 24 while
20 to 22 controls
21 healthy 22 controls
23 , 24 while
24 while 29 area
24 while 31 decreased
24 while 38 .
25 neuro 26 -
25 neuro 29 area
27 retinal 28 rim
28 rim 29 area
29 area 30 was
30 was 31 decreased
31 decreased 32 in
32 in 34 patients
34 patients 36 p=0.001
35 ( 36 p=0.001
36 p=0.001 37 )

cdr increased with retinal nerve fiber [layer] ( rnfl ) thinning ( r= - 0.29 , p=0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cdr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cdr 2 increased
2 increased 3 with
3 with 6 fiber
3 with 11 thinning
4 retinal 5 nerve
5 nerve 6 fiber
6 fiber 9 rnfl
8 ( 9 rnfl
9 rnfl 10 )
11 thinning 14 -
12 ( 14 -
13 r= 14 -
14 - 15 0.29
14 - 18 )
15 0.29 17 p=0.001
16 , 17 p=0.001
17 p=0.001 18 )

conclusions/relevance : cdr ( as determined by spectral domain oct ) is abnormal [in] [ms] and [correlates] [with] visual function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions/relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 cdr
2 : 12 is
2 : 21 .
3 cdr 6 determined
3 cdr 12 is
4 ( 6 determined
5 as 6 determined
6 determined 7 by
6 determined 11 )
7 by 10 oct
8 spectral 9 domain
9 domain 10 oct
12 is 16 and
13 abnormal 16 and
16 and 20 function
19 visual 20 function

background : the ageing of the worldwide population means there is a growing need for research on the biology of ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 ageing
2 : 11 is
2 : 22 .
3 the 4 ageing
4 ageing 5 of
4 ageing 11 is
5 of 9 means
6 the 9 means
7 worldwide 8 population
8 population 9 means
9 means 10 there
11 is 14 need
12 a 14 need
13 growing 14 need
14 need 15 for
14 need 17 on
15 for 16 research
17 on 19 biology
18 the 19 biology
19 biology 20 of
20 of 21 ageing

dna damage is [likely] a key contributor to the ageing process and elucidating the role of different dna repair systems in ageing is of great interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 damage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 dna 2 damage
2 damage 3 is
3 is 7 contributor
5 a 7 contributor
6 key 7 contributor
7 contributor 8 to
8 to 11 process
9 the 11 process
10 ageing 11 process
12 and 13 elucidating
12 and 23 is
13 elucidating 15 role
13 elucidating 21 in
13 elucidating 23 is
14 the 15 role
15 role 16 of
16 of 20 systems
17 different 20 systems
18 dna 20 systems
19 repair 20 systems
21 in 22 ageing
23 is 24 of
24 of 26 interest
25 great 26 interest

in this paper we propose a data mining approach , based on classification methods ( decision trees and naive bayes ) , for analysing data about human dna repair genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 paper
4 we 5 propose
5 propose 9 approach
5 propose 11 based
5 propose 23 for
6 a 7 data
6 a 9 approach
7 data 8 mining
8 mining 9 approach
10 , 11 based
11 based 12 on
11 based 22 ,
12 on 14 methods
13 classification 14 methods
14 methods 18 and
15 ( 18 and
16 decision 17 trees
17 trees 18 and
18 and 20 bayes
18 and 21 )
19 naive 20 bayes
23 for 24 analysing
24 analysing 25 data
24 analysing 26 about
26 about 30 genes
27 human 29 repair
28 dna 29 repair
29 repair 30 genes

the goal is to build classification models that allow us to discriminate between ageing - related [and] [non] - ageing - related dna repair genes , in order to better understand their different properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 discriminate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 is
3 is 4 to
3 is 5 build
4 to 5 build
5 build 7 models
5 build 11 to
6 classification 7 models
7 models 8 that
7 models 9 allow
8 that 9 allow
9 allow 10 us
11 to 12 discriminate
12 discriminate 13 between
13 between 14 ageing
14 ageing 16 related
14 ageing 20 ageing
15 - 16 related
16 related 19 -
19 - 20 ageing
20 ageing 21 -
21 - 22 related
22 related 25 genes
22 related 35 .
23 dna 25 genes
24 repair 25 genes
25 genes 27 in
26 , 27 in
27 in 28 order
27 in 35 .
28 order 29 to
28 order 31 understand
29 to 31 understand
30 better 31 understand
31 understand 34 properties
32 their 34 properties
33 different 34 properties

conclusions : [the] above patterns are broadly integrated in an analysis discussing relations between ku , the [non] [-] homologous end joining dna repair pathway , ageing and lymphocyte development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 5 patterns
2 : 8 integrated
4 above 5 patterns
5 patterns 6 are
6 are 8 integrated
7 broadly 8 integrated
8 integrated 9 in
9 in 11 analysis
10 an 11 analysis
11 analysis 12 discussing
12 discussing 13 relations
12 discussing 14 between
14 between 28 and
15 ku 16 ,
16 , 25 pathway
16 , 26 ,
17 the 25 pathway
20 homologous 25 pathway
21 end 22 joining
22 joining 25 pathway
23 dna 24 repair
24 repair 25 pathway
26 , 27 ageing
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 development
29 lymphocyte 30 development

these patterns and their analysis support [non] - homologous end joining double strand break repair as central to the ageing - relatedness of dna repair genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
1 these 2 patterns
2 patterns 3 and
3 and 6 support
3 and 15 repair
4 their 6 support
5 analysis 6 support
8 - 15 repair
9 homologous 10 end
10 end 11 joining
11 joining 12 double
12 double 15 repair
13 strand 14 break
14 break 15 repair
15 repair 17 central
15 repair 27 .
16 as 17 central
17 central 18 to
18 to 20 ageing
19 the 20 ageing
20 ageing 22 relatedness
21 - 22 relatedness
22 relatedness 23 of
22 relatedness 27 .
23 of 26 genes
24 dna 25 repair
25 repair 26 genes

our work also showcases the use of protein interaction partners to improve accuracy in data mining methods and our approach could be applied to other ageing - related pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
1 our 2 work
2 work 4 showcases
3 also 4 showcases
4 showcases 6 use
4 showcases 11 to
5 the 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 10 partners
8 protein 10 partners
9 interaction 10 partners
11 to 12 improve
12 improve 13 accuracy
13 accuracy 14 in
14 in 15 data
15 data 16 mining
16 mining 17 methods
18 and 20 approach
18 and 23 applied
19 our 20 approach
20 approach 21 could
21 could 22 be
22 be 23 applied
23 applied 24 to
24 to 26 ageing
25 other 26 ageing
26 ageing 29 pathways
27 - 29 pathways
28 related 29 pathways
29 pathways 30 .

background : systems biological approach [of] molecular connectivity [map] has reached to a great interest to understand the gene functional similarities between the diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 8 connectivity
2 : 11 reached
3 systems 8 connectivity
4 biological 5 approach
5 approach 8 connectivity
7 molecular 8 connectivity
8 connectivity 10 has
10 has 11 reached
11 reached 12 to
11 reached 16 to
12 to 15 interest
13 a 14 great
13 a 15 interest
14 great 15 interest
16 to 17 understand
17 understand 21 similarities
18 the 21 similarities
19 gene 21 similarities
20 functional 21 similarities
21 similarities 22 between
22 between 24 diseases
23 the 24 diseases

in this study , we developed a computational framework to build molecular connectivity maps by integrating mutated and differentially expressed genes of neurological and psychiatric diseases to determine its relationship with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 18 and
6 developed 9 framework
6 developed 18 and
7 a 8 computational
7 a 9 framework
8 computational 9 framework
9 framework 10 to
9 framework 16 integrating
9 framework 17 mutated
10 to 11 build
11 build 14 maps
12 molecular 13 connectivity
13 connectivity 14 maps
14 maps 15 by
15 by 16 integrating
18 and 20 expressed
18 and 27 to
18 and 31 with
19 differentially 20 expressed
20 expressed 21 genes
21 genes 22 of
22 of 26 diseases
23 neurological 24 and
24 and 25 psychiatric
24 and 26 diseases
27 to 28 determine
28 determine 30 relationship
29 its 30 relationship
31 with 32 aging

results : the systematic large - scale analyses of 124 human diseases create three classes of molecular connectivity maps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 analyses
2 : 13 create
2 : 20 .
3 the 8 analyses
4 systematic 7 scale
5 large 6 -
5 large 7 scale
7 scale 8 analyses
8 analyses 9 of
8 analyses 13 create
9 of 12 diseases
10 124 12 diseases
11 human 12 diseases
13 create 15 classes
14 three 15 classes
15 classes 16 of
16 of 19 maps
17 molecular 18 connectivity
18 connectivity 19 maps

first , molecular interaction of disease protein [network] generates 3632 proteins with 6172 interactions , which determines the common genes/proteins between diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 generates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 4 interaction
3 molecular 4 interaction
4 interaction 5 of
4 interaction 9 generates
5 of 7 protein
6 disease 7 protein
9 generates 11 proteins
9 generates 12 with
10 3632 11 proteins
12 with 14 interactions
13 6172 14 interactions
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 determines
16 which 17 determines
17 determines 20 genes/proteins
17 determines 21 between
18 the 20 genes/proteins
19 common 20 genes/proteins
21 between 22 diseases

second , disease - disease network includes 4845 positively scored disease - disease relationships . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 second 2 ,
1 second 7 includes
2 , 3 disease
3 disease 4 -
3 disease 7 includes
5 disease 7 includes
6 network 7 includes
7 includes 8 4845
7 includes 10 scored
9 positively 10 scored
10 scored 11 disease
12 - 14 relationships
12 - 15 .
13 disease 14 relationships

the comparison of these disease [-] disease pairs with medical subject headings ( mesh ) [classification] tree suggests 25 % of the disease - disease pairs were in [same] disease area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 the 2 comparison
2 comparison 3 of
2 comparison 18 suggests
3 of 8 pairs
4 these 8 pairs
5 disease 8 pairs
7 disease 8 pairs
8 pairs 9 with
9 with 11 subject
10 medical 11 subject
11 subject 12 headings
11 subject 17 tree
12 headings 14 mesh
12 headings 17 tree
13 ( 14 mesh
14 mesh 15 )
18 suggests 20 %
19 25 20 %
20 % 21 of
21 of 23 disease
22 the 23 disease
24 - 26 pairs
24 - 27 were
24 - 32 .
25 disease 26 pairs
26 pairs 27 were
27 were 28 in
28 in 31 area
30 disease 31 area

the remaining can be a novel [disease] - disease relationship based on gene/protein similarity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 can
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 remaining
1 the 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 10 relationship
5 a 6 novel
5 a 10 relationship
6 novel 8 -
6 novel 9 disease
9 disease 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 based
10 relationship 12 on
12 on 14 similarity
13 gene/protein 14 similarity

inclusion of aging genes set showed 79 neurological and 20 psychiatric diseases have the strong association with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 inclusion 2 of
1 inclusion 6 showed
2 of 4 genes
3 aging 4 genes
4 genes 5 set
6 showed 7 79
6 showed 16 association
7 79 9 and
7 79 13 have
8 neurological 9 and
9 and 12 diseases
9 and 13 have
10 20 12 diseases
11 psychiatric 12 diseases
14 the 16 association
15 strong 16 association
16 association 17 with
17 with 18 aging

third [and] lastly , a curated disease biomarker network was created by relating the proteins/genes in specific disease contexts , such analysis showed 73 markers for 24 diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 third 9 network
3 lastly 4 ,
3 lastly 9 network
5 a 9 network
6 curated 7 disease
7 disease 9 network
8 biomarker 9 network
9 network 10 was
10 was 11 created
11 created 12 by
12 by 13 relating
13 relating 15 proteins/genes
13 relating 16 in
14 the 15 proteins/genes
16 in 19 contexts
17 specific 18 disease
18 disease 19 contexts
20 , 22 analysis
20 , 23 showed
21 such 22 analysis
22 analysis 23 showed
23 showed 25 markers
24 73 25 markers
25 markers 26 for
26 for 28 diseases
27 24 28 diseases

further , the overall quality of the results was achieved by a series of statistical methods , to avoid insignificant data in biological networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 5 quality
3 the 5 quality
4 overall 5 quality
5 quality 6 of
5 quality 9 was
6 of 8 results
7 the 8 results
9 was 10 achieved
10 achieved 11 by
11 by 13 series
12 a 13 series
13 series 14 of
14 of 16 methods
15 statistical 16 methods
17 , 18 to
17 , 19 avoid
18 to 19 avoid
19 avoid 21 data
19 avoid 22 in
20 insignificant 21 data
22 in 24 networks
23 biological 24 networks

conclusions : this study improves the understanding of the complex interactions that occur between neurological and psychiatric diseases with aging , which lead to determine the diagnostic markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 improves
2 : 21 ,
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 improves
5 improves 7 understanding
5 improves 14 between
5 improves 19 with
6 the 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 11 interactions
9 the 11 interactions
10 complex 11 interactions
11 interactions 12 that
11 interactions 13 occur
12 that 13 occur
14 between 18 diseases
15 neurological 16 and
16 and 17 psychiatric
16 and 18 diseases
19 with 20 aging
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 lead
22 which 23 lead
23 lead 24 to
24 to 25 determine
25 determine 28 markers
26 the 28 markers
27 diagnostic 28 markers

also , the disease [-] disease association results could be helpful to determine the symptom relationships between neurological and psychiatric diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 8 results
3 the 8 results
4 disease 6 disease
6 disease 8 results
7 association 8 results
8 results 9 could
9 could 10 be
10 be 11 helpful
11 helpful 12 to
11 helpful 13 determine
12 to 13 determine
13 determine 16 relationships
13 determine 17 between
14 the 16 relationships
15 symptom 16 relationships
17 between 21 diseases
18 neurological 19 and
19 and 20 psychiatric
19 and 21 diseases

together , our study presents many research opportunities in post - genomic biomarkers development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 study
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 presents
5 presents 8 opportunities
5 presents 9 in
6 many 8 opportunities
7 research 8 opportunities
9 in 10 post
11 - 14 development
12 genomic 14 development
13 biomarkers 14 development

photo - damaged skin is characterized by major alterations of the extracellular matrix and collagen network , leading to clinically obvious signs of skin aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 characterized
1 photo 2 -
1 photo 4 skin
3 damaged 4 skin
4 skin 5 is
5 is 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 9 alterations
8 major 9 alterations
9 alterations 10 of
9 alterations 18 leading
10 of 14 and
11 the 13 matrix
12 extracellular 13 matrix
13 matrix 14 and
14 and 16 network
15 collagen 16 network
17 , 18 leading
18 leading 19 to
18 leading 26 .
19 to 22 signs
20 clinically 21 obvious
21 obvious 22 signs
22 signs 23 of
22 signs 25 aging
23 of 24 skin

uv radiation increases the levels of matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) [1] , which initiates the cleavage of fibrillar collagen types [i] [and] iii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 radiation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 uv 2 radiation
2 radiation 3 increases
3 increases 5 levels
4 the 5 levels
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 10 mmp
6 of 8 metalloproteinase
7 matrix 8 metalloproteinase
9 ( 10 mmp
10 mmp 11 )
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 initiates
14 which 15 initiates
15 initiates 17 cleavage
16 the 17 cleavage
17 cleavage 18 of
18 of 21 types
19 fibrillar 21 types
20 collagen 21 types
21 types 24 iii

the developing collagen fragments are further degraded by mmps 2 and 9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fragments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 degraded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 4 fragments
2 developing 4 fragments
3 collagen 4 fragments
4 fragments 5 are
5 are 7 degraded
6 further 7 degraded
7 degraded 8 by
8 by 9 mmps
9 mmps 11 and
10 2 11 and
11 and 12 9

various ablative [,] [non] - ablative , thermal and [non] - thermal rejuvenation modalities have been tested for their capacity to reverse epidermal and dermal signs [of] photo - and chronological - aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 thermal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 various 8 thermal
2 ablative 5 -
2 ablative 8 thermal
6 ablative 7 ,
6 ablative 8 thermal
9 and 11 -
9 and 17 tested
11 - 14 modalities
12 thermal 14 modalities
13 rejuvenation 14 modalities
14 modalities 15 have
15 have 16 been
16 been 17 tested
17 tested 18 for
17 tested 21 to
18 for 20 capacity
19 their 20 capacity
21 to 22 reverse
22 reverse 30 and
23 epidermal 24 and
24 and 28 photo
24 and 30 and
25 dermal 28 photo
26 signs 28 photo
29 - 30 and
30 and 33 aging
31 chronological 32 -
31 chronological 33 aging

light and laser therapies are among the most effective treatment options for skin rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 light 2 and
2 and 4 therapies
2 and 5 are
3 laser 4 therapies
5 are 6 among
5 are 12 for
6 among 11 options
7 the 11 options
8 most 9 effective
9 effective 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 options
12 for 14 rejuvenation
13 skin 14 rejuvenation

conventional laser therapy treats entire surface areas by selective photothermolysis or ablation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treats
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 conventional 2 laser
2 laser 3 therapy
3 therapy 4 treats
4 treats 7 areas
4 treats 8 by
5 entire 6 surface
6 surface 7 areas
8 by 11 or
9 selective 10 photothermolysis
10 photothermolysis 11 or
11 or 12 ablation

recently , intervention with a fractional ablative laser leads to fast wound healing , and hence , a substantial amount of the target skin area is left untreated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 intervention
3 intervention 4 with
3 intervention 9 leads
4 with 8 laser
5 a 6 fractional
5 a 8 laser
6 fractional 8 laser
7 ablative 8 laser
9 leads 10 to
10 to 13 healing
11 fast 12 wound
12 wound 13 healing
14 , 15 and
15 and 25 area
15 and 26 is
16 hence 17 ,
16 hence 25 area
18 a 19 substantial
18 a 20 amount
19 substantial 20 amount
20 amount 21 of
20 amount 25 area
21 of 25 area
22 the 25 area
23 target 24 skin
24 skin 25 area
25 area 26 is
26 is 27 left
26 is 28 untreated

it is not known if the efficacy of a particular ablative skin rejuvenation treatment depends on the extent of microwounding [and/or] the amount of heat produced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 known
4 known 5 if
5 if 7 efficacy
5 if 15 depends
6 the 7 efficacy
7 efficacy 8 of
7 efficacy 15 depends
8 of 14 treatment
9 a 10 particular
9 a 14 treatment
10 particular 14 treatment
11 ablative 14 treatment
12 skin 14 treatment
13 rejuvenation 14 treatment
15 depends 16 on
16 on 18 extent
17 the 18 extent
18 extent 19 of
19 of 20 microwounding
20 microwounding 23 amount
22 the 23 amount
23 amount 24 of
23 amount 26 produced
24 of 25 heat

the underlying molecular changes are not fully understood but have been postulated to be induced by time - dependent changes in heat shock proteins , transforming growth factor β , mmps , hyaluronic acid synthethases , hyaluronidases and ha , among others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 4 changes
2 underlying 4 changes
3 molecular 4 changes
4 changes 5 are
5 are 6 not
5 are 9 but
7 fully 9 but
8 understood 9 but
9 but 10 have
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 postulated
12 postulated 13 to
12 postulated 16 by
12 postulated 41 among
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 induced
16 by 17 time
17 time 20 changes
17 time 31 mmps
18 - 20 changes
19 dependent 20 changes
20 changes 21 in
20 changes 26 transforming
20 changes 30 ,
21 in 24 proteins
22 heat 23 shock
23 shock 24 proteins
25 , 26 transforming
26 transforming 29 β
26 transforming 30 ,
27 growth 29 β
28 factor 29 β
30 , 31 mmps
31 mmps 35 synthethases
31 mmps 40 ,
32 , 35 synthethases
33 hyaluronic 34 acid
34 acid 35 synthethases
35 synthethases 38 and
35 synthethases 40 ,
36 , 38 and
37 hyaluronidases 38 and
38 and 39 ha
38 and 40 ,
41 among 42 others

background : forces acting in facial skin have been suggested to show directionality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 forces
2 : 10 suggested
2 : 14 .
3 forces 4 acting
3 forces 8 have
4 acting 5 in
5 in 7 skin
6 facial 7 skin
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 suggested
10 suggested 11 to
11 to 12 show
12 show 13 directionality

[non] - invasive methods of measuring this directionality may thus provide information related to aging processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 - 4 methods
3 invasive 4 methods
4 methods 5 of
4 methods 9 may
5 of 6 measuring
6 measuring 8 directionality
7 this 8 directionality
9 may 11 provide
10 thus 11 provide
11 provide 12 information
12 information 13 related
13 related 14 to
14 to 15 aging
15 aging 16 processes

the reviscometer [(] [®] [ )(rvm600 device is capable of measuring directionality of forces on the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 device
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 7 device
2 reviscometer 6 )(rvm600
6 )(rvm600 7 device
7 device 8 is
8 is 9 capable
9 capable 10 of
10 of 11 measuring
11 measuring 12 directionality
11 measuring 15 on
12 directionality 13 of
13 of 14 forces
15 on 17 skin
16 the 17 skin

this device has not been used previously in a published study to evaluate changes in directionality of forces on facial skin with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 device
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 device
2 device 3 has
3 has 4 not
3 has 5 been
5 been 6 used
6 used 7 previously
6 used 8 in
6 used 12 to
6 used 13 evaluate
8 in 11 study
9 a 11 study
10 published 11 study
12 to 13 evaluate
13 evaluate 14 changes
13 evaluate 15 in
13 evaluate 19 on
13 evaluate 22 with
15 in 16 directionality
16 directionality 17 of
17 of 18 forces
19 on 21 skin
20 facial 21 skin
22 with 23 aging

aim : the first objective of this pilot study was to investigate relationships between mechanical directionality using the reviscometer ( [®] [ )(rvm600 , the cutometer ( [®] [ )(mpa580 , and aging of the facial skin in a supine position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
2 : 5 objective
2 : 10 was
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 objective
5 objective 6 of
5 objective 10 was
6 of 9 study
7 this 9 study
8 pilot 9 study
10 was 11 to
10 was 17 using
11 to 12 investigate
12 investigate 13 relationships
12 investigate 14 between
14 between 16 directionality
15 mechanical 16 directionality
17 using 32 and
18 the 32 and
19 reviscometer 23 )(rvm600
19 reviscometer 32 and
20 ( 23 )(rvm600
23 )(rvm600 26 cutometer
23 )(rvm600 31 ,
24 , 26 cutometer
25 the 26 cutometer
26 cutometer 30 )(mpa580
26 cutometer 31 ,
27 ( 30 )(mpa580
30 )(mpa580 31 ,
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 aging
33 aging 34 of
34 of 37 skin
35 the 37 skin
36 facial 37 skin
37 skin 38 in
38 in 41 position
39 a 40 supine
39 a 41 position
40 supine 41 position

in addition , the study investigated relationships between mechanical directionality and ['] skin sagging , ['] which may be caused by gravity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 study
4 the 5 study
5 study 6 investigated
6 investigated 7 relationships
6 investigated 8 between
8 between 11 and
9 mechanical 10 directionality
10 directionality 11 and
11 and 13 skin
11 and 14 sagging
15 , 17 which
15 , 20 caused
17 which 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 caused
20 caused 21 by
21 by 22 gravity

to validate this as a new measurement of mechanical directionality , we also performed double - blinded trials on two groups of subjects , with one group using a product containing an anti - aging substance and the other group using a placebo product without an anti - aging substance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 validate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 to 2 validate
2 validate 3 this
2 validate 4 as
4 as 7 measurement
5 a 6 new
5 a 7 measurement
6 new 7 measurement
7 measurement 8 of
8 of 10 directionality
9 mechanical 10 directionality
11 , 12 we
11 , 14 performed
11 , 24 ,
12 we 14 performed
13 also 14 performed
14 performed 18 trials
14 performed 19 on
15 double 16 -
15 double 18 trials
17 blinded 18 trials
19 on 21 groups
20 two 21 groups
21 groups 22 of
22 of 23 subjects
24 , 37 and
24 , 40 group
25 with 26 one
25 with 37 and
27 group 28 using
27 group 37 and
28 using 30 product
29 a 30 product
30 product 31 containing
31 containing 36 substance
32 an 36 substance
33 anti 34 -
33 anti 36 substance
35 aging 36 substance
37 and 39 other
37 and 40 group
38 the 39 other
40 group 41 using
40 group 45 without
41 using 44 product
42 a 44 product
43 placebo 44 product
45 without 50 substance
46 an 50 substance
47 anti 48 -
47 anti 50 substance
49 aging 50 substance

methods : we examined 91 healthy japanese women with a mean age of 48.5 years ( range , 20 - 79 years ) at the three sites on the face using the reviscometer ( [®] [ )( and the cutometer [(] [®] ) mpa580 , and evaluation [was] performed for skin sagging in september and november 2008 , and january 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
2 : 3 we
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 8 women
5 91 8 women
6 healthy 8 women
7 japanese 8 women
8 women 9 with
9 with 12 age
10 a 12 age
11 mean 12 age
12 age 13 of
12 age 24 at
13 of 15 years
14 48.5 15 years
15 years 17 range
15 years 20 -
16 ( 17 range
17 range 18 ,
18 , 20 -
19 20 20 -
20 - 22 years
20 - 23 )
21 79 22 years
24 at 27 sites
25 the 26 three
26 three 27 sites
27 sites 28 on
27 sites 31 using
28 on 30 face
29 the 30 face
31 using 38 and
32 the 33 reviscometer
33 reviscometer 38 and
34 ( 38 and
38 and 40 cutometer
38 and 43 )
38 and 46 and
38 and 49 performed
39 the 40 cutometer
44 mpa580 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 47 evaluation
46 and 49 performed
49 performed 50 for
49 performed 53 in
50 for 51 skin
51 skin 52 sagging
53 in 59 and
54 september 55 and
55 and 56 november
55 and 59 and
56 november 57 2008
58 , 59 and
59 and 60 january
59 and 62 .
60 january 61 2009

the reviscometer [(] [®] [ )(rvm600 was used to measure resonance - running time ( rrt ) every 10 ° from 0 ° to 350 ° . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(rvm600
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 6 )(rvm600
2 reviscometer 6 )(rvm600
6 )(rvm600 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
9 to 10 measure
10 measure 11 resonance
10 measure 13 running
10 measure 21 from
12 - 13 running
13 running 14 time
13 running 17 )
14 time 16 rrt
15 ( 16 rrt
16 rrt 17 )
18 every 19 10
19 10 20 °
20 ° 21 from
21 from 24 to
22 0 23 °
23 ° 24 to
24 to 26 °
25 350 26 °

evaluation of skin sagging was undertaken by making marks on the face and using face photographs taken in both sitting and supine positions to calculate the sagging index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 evaluation 2 of
1 evaluation 6 undertaken
1 evaluation 7 by
1 evaluation 13 and
2 of 3 skin
3 skin 4 sagging
3 skin 5 was
4 sagging 5 was
7 by 8 making
8 making 9 marks
8 making 10 on
10 on 12 face
11 the 12 face
13 and 16 photographs
13 and 17 taken
14 using 16 photographs
15 face 16 photographs
17 taken 18 in
18 in 21 and
19 both 20 sitting
19 both 21 and
21 and 23 positions
21 and 24 to
21 and 25 calculate
22 supine 23 positions
24 to 25 calculate
25 calculate 28 index
26 the 28 index
27 sagging 28 index

usage testing was conducted on 38 healthy japanese women in a double - blinded study with one group , using a preparation containing yomogi ages clearing ( yac ) extract and another group using the same preparation without the yac extract from october 2008 to april 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 testing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 usage 2 testing
2 testing 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 on
5 on 9 women
6 38 9 women
7 healthy 9 women
8 japanese 9 women
9 women 10 in
9 women 20 using
10 in 12 double
11 a 12 double
12 double 15 study
13 - 15 study
14 blinded 15 study
15 study 16 with
15 study 19 ,
16 with 18 group
17 one 18 group
20 using 31 and
20 using 38 without
21 a 22 preparation
22 preparation 23 containing
22 preparation 31 and
23 containing 30 extract
24 yomogi 25 ages
25 ages 26 clearing
26 clearing 28 yac
27 ( 28 yac
28 yac 29 )
28 yac 30 extract
31 and 33 group
31 and 34 using
32 another 33 group
34 using 37 preparation
35 the 36 same
36 same 37 preparation
38 without 41 extract
39 the 41 extract
40 yac 41 extract
41 extract 42 from
41 extract 45 to
42 from 43 october
43 october 44 2008
45 to 46 april
46 april 47 2009

mean age of these subjects was 44.0 years ( range , 30 - 60 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mean 2 age
1 mean 6 was
2 age 3 of
2 age 6 was
3 of 5 subjects
4 these 5 subjects
6 was 8 years
7 44.0 8 years
8 years 10 range
8 years 13 -
9 ( 10 range
10 range 11 ,
11 , 13 -
12 30 13 -
13 - 15 years
13 - 16 )
14 60 15 years

measurements were taken at the three sites on the face using the reviscometer ( [®] [ )(rvm600 and the cutometer ( [®] [ )(mpa580 and sagging index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 taken
1 measurements 2 were
2 were 3 taken
3 taken 4 at
3 taken 8 on
4 at 7 sites
5 the 6 three
6 three 7 sites
8 on 10 face
9 the 10 face
10 face 11 using
11 using 13 reviscometer
12 the 13 reviscometer
13 reviscometer 18 and
14 ( 18 and
17 )(rvm600 18 and
18 and 20 cutometer
18 and 25 and
18 and 28 .
19 the 20 cutometer
21 ( 25 and
24 )(mpa580 25 and
25 and 27 index
25 and 28 .
26 sagging 27 index

results : a significant correlation was identified between rrt parameters and subject age at all three measurement sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 correlation
2 : 7 identified
2 : 19 .
3 a 5 correlation
4 significant 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 was
6 was 7 identified
7 identified 8 between
7 identified 14 at
8 between 9 rrt
9 rrt 11 and
9 rrt 13 age
10 parameters 11 and
11 and 12 subject
11 and 13 age
14 at 18 sites
15 all 16 three
16 three 18 sites
17 measurement 18 sites

significant correlations between sagging index [and] rrt values were found for 110 - 170 ° and 290 - 350 ° only at the center of the cheek . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 significant 2 correlations
2 correlations 3 between
2 correlations 5 index
3 between 4 sagging
5 index 7 rrt
7 rrt 8 values
7 rrt 10 found
8 values 9 were
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 for
10 found 21 only
11 for 16 and
12 110 13 -
13 - 14 170
13 - 15 °
15 ° 16 and
16 and 20 °
17 290 18 -
18 - 19 350
18 - 20 °
21 only 22 at
22 at 24 center
23 the 24 center
24 center 25 of
25 of 27 cheek
26 the 27 cheek

significant differences in rrt values were noted for 110 - 150 ° and 300 - 350 ° at this site between subjects [with] and without the use of yac extract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 significant 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 6 were
3 in 5 values
4 rrt 5 values
6 were 7 noted
7 noted 24 and
8 for 13 and
8 for 24 and
9 110 10 -
10 - 11 150
10 - 12 °
12 ° 13 and
13 and 17 °
13 and 18 at
14 300 15 -
15 - 16 350
15 - 17 °
18 at 20 site
19 this 20 site
20 site 21 between
21 between 22 subjects
24 and 25 without
25 without 27 use
26 the 27 use
27 use 28 of
28 of 30 extract
29 yac 30 extract

a similar trend was found in sagging [index] for this site alone between subjects [with] and without yac extract . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 similar
1 a 3 trend
2 similar 3 trend
3 trend 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 in
6 in 7 sagging
7 sagging 9 for
9 for 11 site
10 this 11 site
11 site 12 alone
12 alone 16 and
13 between 14 subjects
13 between 16 and
16 and 17 without
17 without 19 extract
18 yac 19 extract

conclusion : the use of [non] [-] invasive procedures to measure skin mechanical parameters on the face in all directions may evaluate aging and effective preventive and restorative support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 29 support
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 24 and
5 of 9 procedures
8 invasive 9 procedures
9 procedures 10 to
10 to 12 skin
11 measure 12 skin
12 skin 14 parameters
12 skin 22 evaluate
12 skin 23 aging
13 mechanical 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 on
14 parameters 21 may
15 on 17 face
16 the 17 face
17 face 18 in
18 in 20 directions
19 all 20 directions
21 may 22 evaluate
24 and 25 effective
24 and 29 support
26 preventive 27 and
27 and 28 restorative
27 and 29 support

background/purpose : it has been reported that autofluorescence ( af ) and second harmonic generation ( shg [ )(generated in the upper dermis are related with skin photoaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 12 and
2 : 25 related
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 12 and
6 reported 8 autofluorescence
6 reported 12 and
7 that 8 autofluorescence
8 autofluorescence 10 af
9 ( 10 af
10 af 11 )
12 and 13 second
13 second 15 generation
14 harmonic 15 generation
16 ( 25 related
17 shg 19 )(generated
17 shg 25 related
19 )(generated 20 in
20 in 22 upper
21 the 22 upper
22 upper 23 dermis
22 upper 24 are
23 dermis 24 are
25 related 26 with
26 with 28 photoaging
27 skin 28 photoaging

in this study , we assessed the photoaging of facial skin exposed to daily sunlight using in vivo multiphoton laser microscopy to measure af and shg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 assessed
6 assessed 8 photoaging
6 assessed 13 to
6 assessed 22 to
7 the 8 photoaging
8 photoaging 9 of
8 photoaging 12 exposed
9 of 11 skin
10 facial 11 skin
13 to 15 sunlight
14 daily 15 sunlight
15 sunlight 16 using
16 using 18 vivo
16 using 21 microscopy
17 in 18 vivo
19 multiphoton 21 microscopy
20 laser 21 microscopy
22 to 23 measure
23 measure 26 shg
24 af 25 and
25 and 26 shg

methods : the intensities of af and shg in the upper dermis of cheek skin of 56 healthy volunteers aged 20 - 69 years were measured using a commercially available multiphoton laser microscope ( dermainspect [(] [®] ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 and
3 the 4 intensities
4 intensities 5 of
4 intensities 7 and
5 of 6 af
7 and 8 shg
7 and 39 )
8 shg 9 in
8 shg 13 of
8 shg 20 aged
9 in 12 dermis
10 the 12 dermis
11 upper 12 dermis
13 of 15 skin
14 cheek 15 skin
15 skin 16 of
16 of 19 volunteers
17 56 19 volunteers
18 healthy 19 volunteers
20 aged 22 -
21 20 22 -
22 - 23 69
23 69 24 years
24 years 25 were
25 were 26 measured
26 measured 27 using
27 using 33 microscope
28 a 33 microscope
29 commercially 30 available
30 available 33 microscope
31 multiphoton 33 microscope
32 laser 33 microscope
33 microscope 35 dermainspect
34 ( 35 dermainspect
35 dermainspect 38 )

correlations between the photo - signals and volunteer age were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 correlations 7 and
2 between 4 photo
2 between 5 -
2 between 7 and
3 the 4 photo
6 signals 7 and
7 and 9 age
7 and 10 were
8 volunteer 9 age
10 were 11 calculated

results : the intensity of shg and the shg - to [-] af aging index [of] dermis ( saaid ) correlated significantly with age ( r= - 0.48 , - 0.67 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 intensity
3 the 4 intensity
4 intensity 5 of
5 of 6 shg
7 and 9 shg
7 and 21 correlated
8 the 9 shg
9 shg 11 to
9 shg 21 correlated
10 - 11 to
11 to 13 af
11 to 20 )
13 af 14 aging
13 af 19 saaid
14 aging 17 dermis
15 index 17 dermis
18 ( 19 saaid
19 saaid 20 )
21 correlated 22 significantly
21 correlated 23 with
21 correlated 28 0.48
21 correlated 33 respectively
23 with 24 age
24 age 26 r=
25 ( 26 r=
26 r= 27 -
28 0.48 31 0.67
29 , 31 0.67
30 - 31 0.67
31 0.67 32 ,
32 , 33 respectively
33 respectively 34 )

conclusion : our results suggest that shg and the saaid index are useful indicators of facial skin aging in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 21 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 and
6 that 12 are
7 shg 8 and
8 and 11 index
8 and 12 are
9 the 11 index
10 saaid 11 index
12 are 14 indicators
13 useful 14 indicators
14 indicators 15 of
15 of 17 skin
16 facial 17 skin
17 skin 18 aging
18 aging 20 vivo
19 in 20 vivo

objectives : personality factors parsimoniously capture the variation in dispositional characteristics that affect behaviours , but their value in predicting medication [non] - [adherence] is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 personality
2 : 25 is
2 : 27 .
3 personality 4 factors
3 personality 6 capture
3 personality 25 is
4 factors 6 capture
5 parsimoniously 6 capture
6 capture 8 variation
6 capture 9 in
7 the 8 variation
9 in 11 characteristics
10 dispositional 11 characteristics
11 characteristics 12 that
11 characteristics 13 affect
11 characteristics 16 but
12 that 13 affect
13 affect 14 behaviours
15 , 16 but
16 but 18 value
16 but 23 -
17 their 18 value
18 value 19 in
19 in 20 predicting
20 predicting 21 medication
25 is 26 unclear

we investigated the relationship between five - factor model personality factors ( conscientiousness , neuroticism , agreeableness , extraversion , and openness ) and medication [non] - [adherence] among older participants during a six [-] year randomized placebo [-] controlled trial ( rct ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 relationship
2 investigated 5 between
2 investigated 29 among
3 the 4 relationship
5 between 6 five
6 five 11 factors
6 five 15 neuroticism
6 five 17 agreeableness
7 - 11 factors
8 factor 9 model
9 model 10 personality
10 personality 11 factors
11 factors 13 conscientiousness
11 factors 14 ,
12 ( 13 conscientiousness
13 conscientiousness 14 ,
14 , 15 neuroticism
15 neuroticism 16 ,
16 , 17 agreeableness
17 agreeableness 24 and
17 agreeableness 27 -
18 , 24 and
19 extraversion 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 openness
21 and 23 )
21 and 24 and
24 and 25 medication
24 and 27 -
27 - 29 among
29 among 31 participants
29 among 44 )
30 older 31 participants
31 participants 32 during
31 participants 43 rct
32 during 41 trial
33 a 41 trial
34 six 36 year
36 year 37 randomized
37 randomized 41 trial
38 placebo 40 controlled
40 controlled 41 trial
42 ( 43 rct
43 rct 44 )

design : observational cohort data from 771 subjects aged ≥ 72 years enrolled in the ginkgo evaluation of memory study , a rct of ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 data
2 : 9 aged
2 : 31 .
3 observational 4 cohort
4 cohort 5 data
5 data 6 from
5 data 9 aged
6 from 8 subjects
7 771 8 subjects
9 aged 12 years
10 ≥ 12 years
11 72 12 years
12 years 13 enrolled
12 years 23 rct
12 years 26 biloba
13 enrolled 14 in
14 in 17 evaluation
15 the 17 evaluation
16 ginkgo 17 evaluation
18 of 20 study
18 of 21 ,
18 of 23 rct
19 memory 20 study
22 a 23 rct
23 rct 24 of
23 rct 26 biloba
24 of 25 ginkgo
26 biloba 27 for
27 for 28 prevention
28 prevention 29 of
29 of 30 dementia

analyses adjusted for covariates linked with [non] - [adherence] in prior studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 analyses 2 adjusted
1 analyses 12 studies
2 adjusted 3 for
2 adjusted 11 prior
3 for 4 covariates
4 covariates 5 linked
5 linked 6 with
6 with 10 in
8 - 10 in

results : each 5 year increment in participant age was associated with a 6.7 % greater [probability] [of] [non] - adherence ( 95 % confidence [interval] , ci [ 2.4 , 11.0 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 increment
2 : 11 associated
2 : 35 .
3 each 6 increment
4 5 5 year
5 year 6 increment
6 increment 7 in
6 increment 10 was
7 in 9 age
8 participant 9 age
10 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 21 adherence
13 a 21 adherence
14 6.7 15 %
15 % 21 adherence
16 greater 20 -
16 greater 21 adherence
21 adherence 25 confidence
21 adherence 28 ci
22 ( 25 confidence
23 95 24 %
24 % 25 confidence
25 confidence 27 ,
27 , 28 ci
28 ci 30 2.4
28 ci 34 )
29 [ 30 2.4
30 2.4 32 11.0
30 2.4 34 )
31 , 32 11.0
32 11.0 33 ]

neuroticism was the only personality factor associated [with] [non] - adherence : a 1 sd increase was associated with a 3.8 % increase in the probability of [non] - [adherence] [(] 95 % ci [ 0.4 , 7.2 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neuroticism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 neuroticism 2 was
2 was 6 factor
3 the 4 only
3 the 6 factor
5 personality 6 factor
6 factor 7 associated
10 - 11 adherence
10 - 12 :
10 - 41 .
12 : 16 increase
12 : 18 associated
13 a 16 increase
14 1 15 sd
15 sd 16 increase
16 increase 17 was
17 was 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 24 in
19 with 23 increase
20 a 23 increase
21 3.8 22 %
22 % 23 increase
24 in 26 probability
25 the 26 probability
26 probability 27 of
27 of 34 ci
29 - 32 95
32 95 34 ci
33 % 34 ci
34 ci 36 0.4
35 [ 36 0.4
36 0.4 38 7.2
36 0.4 40 )
37 , 38 7.2
38 7.2 39 ]

lower cognitive function [was] also associated [with] [non] [-] adherence : a 1 sd decrease [in] mental status exam score was associated with a 3.0 % increase in the probability of [non] - [adherence] [(] 95 % ci [ 0.2 , 5.9 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 adherence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 lower 3 function
2 cognitive 3 function
3 function 10 adherence
5 also 6 associated
6 associated 10 adherence
11 : 20 score
11 : 22 associated
11 : 45 .
12 a 20 score
13 1 14 sd
14 sd 20 score
15 decrease 20 score
17 mental 18 status
18 status 20 score
19 exam 20 score
20 score 21 was
21 was 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
22 associated 28 in
23 with 27 increase
24 a 27 increase
25 3.0 26 %
26 % 27 increase
28 in 30 probability
29 the 30 probability
30 probability 31 of
30 probability 40 0.2
31 of 38 ci
33 - 36 95
36 95 38 ci
37 % 38 ci
39 [ 40 0.2
40 0.2 42 5.9
40 0.2 44 )
41 , 42 5.9
42 5.9 43 ]

conclusions : neuroticism was associated with medication [non] - [adherence] over 6 years [of] follow - up in a large sample of older rct participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 neuroticism
2 : 5 associated
2 : 26 .
3 neuroticism 4 was
4 was 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 17 up
6 with 7 medication
7 medication 11 over
9 - 11 over
11 over 12 6
11 over 16 -
12 6 13 years
12 6 15 follow
13 years 15 follow
17 up 18 in
18 in 21 sample
19 a 20 large
19 a 21 sample
20 large 21 sample
21 sample 22 of
22 of 25 participants
23 older 25 participants
24 rct 25 participants

personality measurement in clinical and research settings might help to identify and guide interventions for older adults at risk for medication [non] - adherence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 personality 2 measurement
2 measurement 3 in
2 measurement 12 and
3 in 5 and
4 clinical 5 and
5 and 6 research
5 and 7 settings
5 and 11 identify
7 settings 8 might
8 might 9 help
9 help 10 to
9 help 11 identify
10 to 11 identify
12 and 14 interventions
12 and 15 for
13 guide 14 interventions
15 for 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 at
18 at 19 risk
19 risk 20 for
20 for 21 medication
23 - 24 adherence
23 - 25 .

slow waves ( sw ; < 4 [hz] and > 75 μv [ )(during [non] [-] rapid eye movement ( nrem ) sleep in humans [are] characterized by hyperpolarization [[] surface electroencephalogram ( eeg ) sw negative phase []] [,] during which cortical neurons are silent , and depolarization ( surface eeg positive phase ) , during which the cortical neurons fire intensively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 slow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ;
1 slow 2 waves
2 waves 4 sw
3 ( 4 sw
4 sw 5 ;
5 ; 12 μv
6 < 12 μv
7 4 9 and
9 and 11 75
9 and 12 μv
10 > 11 75
12 μv 14 )(during
12 μv 23 sleep
14 )(during 19 movement
17 rapid 18 eye
18 eye 19 movement
19 movement 21 nrem
20 ( 21 nrem
21 nrem 22 )
23 sleep 24 in
23 sleep 28 by
24 in 25 humans
25 humans 27 characterized
28 by 38 phase
29 hyperpolarization 37 negative
31 surface 37 negative
32 electroencephalogram 34 eeg
32 electroencephalogram 37 negative
33 ( 34 eeg
34 eeg 35 )
36 sw 37 negative
37 negative 38 phase
38 phase 41 during
41 during 42 which
41 during 44 neurons
41 during 45 are
43 cortical 44 neurons
44 neurons 45 are
45 are 48 and
46 silent 48 and
47 , 48 and
48 and 49 depolarization
48 and 54 phase
48 and 57 during
50 ( 54 phase
51 surface 54 phase
52 eeg 54 phase
53 positive 54 phase
54 phase 55 )
56 , 57 during
57 during 58 which
57 during 61 neurons
57 during 62 fire
57 during 64 .
59 the 61 neurons
60 cortical 61 neurons
61 neurons 62 fire
62 fire 63 intensively

we assessed the effects of age , sex and topography on the dynamics of sw characteristics in a large population ( n=87 ) of healthy young [(] 23.3 ± 2.4 years ) and middle - aged ( 51.9 ± 4.6 years ) volunteers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 33 and
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 7 ,
5 of 6 age
7 , 8 sex
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 topography
9 and 32 )
9 and 33 and
10 topography 11 on
11 on 13 dynamics
12 the 13 dynamics
13 dynamics 14 of
14 of 16 characteristics
15 sw 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 in
16 characteristics 24 of
17 in 20 population
18 a 19 large
18 a 20 population
19 large 20 population
20 population 22 n=87
21 ( 22 n=87
22 n=87 23 )
24 of 31 years
25 healthy 31 years
26 young 31 years
28 23.3 29 ±
29 ± 31 years
30 2.4 31 years
33 and 34 middle
33 and 43 volunteers
35 - 43 volunteers
36 aged 41 years
36 aged 43 volunteers
37 ( 41 years
38 51.9 41 years
39 ± 41 years
40 4.6 41 years
41 years 42 )
43 volunteers 44 .

older subjects showed lower sw density and amplitude than young subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 older 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 showed
3 showed 5 sw
3 showed 6 density
3 showed 7 and
3 showed 9 than
4 lower 5 sw
7 and 8 amplitude
9 than 11 subjects
10 young 11 subjects

age - related lower sw density in men was especially marked in prefrontal/frontal brain areas , where they originate more frequently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 marked
1 age 9 was
2 - 3 related
3 related 6 density
3 related 9 was
4 lower 6 density
5 sw 6 density
6 density 7 in
7 in 8 men
9 was 11 marked
10 especially 11 marked
11 marked 12 in
11 marked 17 where
12 in 15 areas
13 prefrontal/frontal 14 brain
14 brain 15 areas
16 , 17 where
17 where 18 they
17 where 19 originate
17 where 22 .
18 they 19 originate
19 originate 21 frequently
20 more 21 frequently

older subjects also showed longer sw positive and negative phase durations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 older 2 subjects
2 subjects 4 showed
3 also 4 showed
4 showed 6 sw
4 showed 11 durations
5 longer 6 sw
7 positive 8 and
8 and 9 negative
8 and 10 phase
10 phase 11 durations

these last results indicate that , in young subjects , cortical neurons would synchronously enter the sw hyperpolarization and depolarization phases , whereas this process would take longer in older subjects , leading to lower slope and longer sw positive and negative phases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 these 3 results
2 last 3 results
3 results 19 and
4 indicate 5 that
4 indicate 19 and
5 that 12 neurons
5 that 15 enter
6 , 7 in
7 in 9 subjects
7 in 10 ,
7 in 12 neurons
8 young 9 subjects
11 cortical 12 neurons
12 neurons 13 would
13 would 15 enter
14 synchronously 15 enter
15 enter 18 hyperpolarization
16 the 18 hyperpolarization
17 sw 18 hyperpolarization
19 and 35 lower
20 depolarization 21 phases
21 phases 23 whereas
21 phases 33 leading
21 phases 34 to
22 , 23 whereas
23 whereas 25 process
23 whereas 27 take
23 whereas 32 ,
24 this 25 process
25 process 26 would
26 would 27 take
27 take 28 longer
27 take 29 in
29 in 31 subjects
30 older 31 subjects
34 to 35 lower
35 lower 37 and
35 lower 43 phases
36 slope 37 and
37 and 38 longer
39 sw 43 phases
40 positive 41 and
41 and 42 negative
41 and 43 phases

importantly , after controlling for sw amplitude , middle [-] aged subjects still showed lower slope than young subjects in prefrontal , frontal , parietal and occipital derivations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 importantly 12 subjects
2 , 3 after
3 after 4 controlling
3 after 8 ,
3 after 12 subjects
4 controlling 5 for
4 controlling 7 amplitude
5 for 6 sw
9 middle 11 aged
11 aged 12 subjects
12 subjects 14 showed
13 still 14 showed
14 showed 16 slope
14 showed 17 than
14 showed 19 subjects
14 showed 20 in
15 lower 16 slope
18 young 19 subjects
20 in 28 derivations
21 prefrontal 22 ,
22 , 23 frontal
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 parietal
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 occipital
26 and 28 derivations

age - related effects on sw density , frequency and positive phase duration were more prominent at the beginning of the night , when homeostatic sleep pressure is at its highest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 effects
3 related 5 on
5 on 7 density
6 sw 7 density
8 , 10 and
8 , 14 were
9 frequency 10 and
10 and 13 duration
10 and 14 were
11 positive 12 phase
12 phase 13 duration
14 were 16 prominent
15 more 16 prominent
16 prominent 17 at
16 prominent 24 when
17 at 19 beginning
18 the 19 beginning
19 beginning 20 of
20 of 22 night
21 the 22 night
23 , 24 when
24 when 27 pressure
24 when 28 is
24 when 32 .
25 homeostatic 27 pressure
26 sleep 27 pressure
27 pressure 28 is
28 is 29 at
29 at 31 highest
30 its 31 highest

age - related sw changes may be associated with changes in synaptic density and white matter integrity and may underlie greater sleep fragmentation and difficulty in recuperating and maintaining sleep under challenges in older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 sw
4 sw 5 changes
4 sw 18 and
5 changes 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 18 and
10 changes 11 in
10 changes 14 and
10 changes 18 and
12 synaptic 13 density
13 density 14 and
14 and 17 integrity
15 white 16 matter
16 matter 17 integrity
18 and 19 may
18 and 33 in
19 may 20 underlie
20 underlie 28 and
21 greater 22 sleep
22 sleep 23 fragmentation
23 fragmentation 24 and
24 and 25 difficulty
24 and 26 in
24 and 28 and
26 in 27 recuperating
28 and 30 sleep
28 and 31 under
29 maintaining 30 sleep
31 under 32 challenges
33 in 35 subjects
34 older 35 subjects

none none objectives : to determine whether combined higher interleukin - 6 ( il - 6 ) [and] [c] - reactive protein ( crp ) levels are associated with lower pulmonary function levels in older women , accounting for chronic inflammatory diseases , physical function , and other factors associated with inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 none 3 objectives
1 none 6 determine
1 none 27 are
2 none 3 objectives
3 objectives 4 :
4 : 5 to
4 : 6 determine
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 7 whether
7 whether 10 interleukin
7 whether 26 levels
8 combined 10 interleukin
9 higher 10 interleukin
10 interleukin 14 il
10 interleukin 26 levels
11 - 14 il
12 6 14 il
13 ( 14 il
14 il 15 -
14 il 16 6
14 il 22 protein
14 il 25 )
15 - 16 6
16 6 17 )
20 - 22 protein
21 reactive 22 protein
22 protein 24 crp
22 protein 25 )
23 ( 24 crp
24 crp 25 )
27 are 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
28 associated 34 in
29 with 33 levels
30 lower 32 function
31 pulmonary 32 function
32 function 33 levels
34 in 47 and
35 older 36 women
36 women 37 ,
37 , 38 accounting
37 , 43 ,
38 accounting 39 for
39 for 42 diseases
40 chronic 42 diseases
41 inflammatory 42 diseases
43 , 45 function
43 , 47 and
44 physical 45 function
46 , 47 and
47 and 48 other
47 and 49 factors
47 and 50 associated
49 factors 50 associated
50 associated 51 with
51 with 52 inflammation

design : cross - sectional study using data from two prospective cohorts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 study
5 sectional 6 study
6 study 7 using
7 using 8 data
7 using 9 from
9 from 12 cohorts
10 two 12 cohorts
11 prospective 12 cohorts

setting : baltimore , maryland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 baltimore
4 , 5 maryland

participants : eight hundred forty disabled and 332 higher - functioning community - dwelling women aged 65 and older from the women 's health and aging studies ( whas [ )( [and] ii , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 7 and
3 eight 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 forty
5 forty 7 and
6 disabled 7 and
7 and 12 community
8 332 12 community
9 higher 10 -
9 higher 12 community
11 functioning 12 community
13 - 14 dwelling
13 - 23 's
14 dwelling 18 and
14 dwelling 23 's
15 women 16 aged
15 women 18 and
16 aged 17 65
18 and 19 older
19 older 20 from
20 from 22 women
21 the 22 women
23 's 25 and
23 's 35 respectively
24 health 25 and
25 and 27 studies
25 and 29 whas
26 aging 27 studies
28 ( 29 whas
29 whas 33 ii
29 whas 34 ,

measurements : il - 6 and crp , combined according to their tertile concentrations , and pulmonary function measures , assessed according to forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( fev₁ ) and forced vital capacity ( fvc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 16 and
3 il 7 crp
3 il 16 and
4 - 7 crp
5 6 6 and
6 and 7 crp
7 crp 9 combined
7 crp 15 ,
8 , 9 combined
9 combined 11 to
9 combined 15 ,
10 according 11 to
11 to 14 concentrations
12 their 14 concentrations
13 tertile 14 concentrations
16 and 19 measures
16 and 21 assessed
17 pulmonary 18 function
18 function 19 measures
20 , 21 assessed
21 assessed 23 to
21 assessed 27 in
21 assessed 39 )
22 according 23 to
23 to 26 volume
24 forced 26 volume
25 expiratory 26 volume
27 in 33 and
28 1 29 second
29 second 31 fev₁
29 second 33 and
30 ( 31 fev₁
31 fev₁ 32 )
33 and 36 capacity
33 and 38 fvc
34 forced 36 capacity
35 vital 36 capacity
37 ( 38 fvc
38 fvc 39 )

results : in whas i and [ii] [,] similar dose - response trends were observed between combined higher il - 6 and crp levels and lower pulmonary function levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 13 trends
2 : 25 and
2 : 30 .
3 in 6 and
3 in 11 -
3 in 13 trends
4 whas 5 i
4 whas 6 and
6 and 10 dose
6 and 11 -
9 similar 10 dose
12 response 13 trends
13 trends 14 were
14 were 25 and
15 observed 23 crp
15 observed 24 levels
15 observed 25 and
16 between 19 il
16 between 20 -
16 between 23 crp
17 combined 19 il
18 higher 19 il
21 6 22 and
22 and 23 crp
23 crp 24 levels
25 and 26 lower
26 lower 29 levels
27 pulmonary 28 function
28 function 29 levels

in whas i ( disabled women ) , the combined [highest] il - 6 [and] crp levels were associated with the lowest levels of fev₁ ( mean 137.0 [ml] , 95 % confidence interval ( ci )=128.4 - 145.7 ml ) [and] [fvc] ( mean 191.7 [ml] , 95 % ci=180.4 - 202.9 ml ) . 
1 in 2 whas
1 in 8 ,
1 in 12 il
2 whas 3 i
2 whas 6 women
4 ( 6 women
5 disabled 6 women
6 women 7 )
9 the 12 il
10 combined 12 il
12 il 17 levels
12 il 18 were
12 il 19 associated
13 - 14 6
14 6 17 levels
16 crp 17 levels
17 levels 18 were
19 associated 20 with
20 with 23 levels
21 the 22 lowest
21 the 23 levels
23 levels 24 of
24 of 34 interval
25 fev₁ 27 mean
25 fev₁ 30 ,
25 fev₁ 33 confidence
26 ( 27 mean
27 mean 28 137.0
27 mean 30 ,
31 95 32 %
32 % 33 confidence
33 confidence 34 interval
34 interval 37 )=128.4
34 interval 45 mean
35 ( 37 )=128.4
36 ci 37 )=128.4
37 )=128.4 40 ml
37 )=128.4 41 )
38 - 40 ml
39 145.7 40 ml
40 ml 41 )
44 ( 45 mean
45 mean 46 191.7
45 mean 51 ci=180.4
45 mean 56 .
48 , 51 ci=180.4
49 95 51 ci=180.4
50 % 51 ci=180.4
51 ci=180.4 54 ml
51 ci=180.4 56 .
52 - 54 ml
53 202.9 54 ml
54 ml 55 )

similarly , in whas ii [(] higher - functioning women [ )(, the [combined] highest il - 6 and crp levels were associated with the lowest levels of fev₁ [(] mean 1,543 ml , [[] corrected []] 95 % ci=146.3 - 170.4 ml ) and fvc [(] mean 224.2 [ml] , 95 % ci=209.9 - 238.5 ml ) . 
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 10 women
3 in 4 whas
3 in 10 women
4 whas 5 ii
7 higher 8 -
7 higher 10 women
9 functioning 10 women
10 women 17 -
10 women 22 were
12 )(, 17 -
13 the 15 highest
13 the 16 il
16 il 17 -
17 - 21 levels
18 6 19 and
19 and 20 crp
20 crp 21 levels
22 were 34 ,
23 associated 24 with
23 associated 33 ml
23 associated 34 ,
24 with 27 levels
24 with 31 mean
25 the 26 lowest
25 the 27 levels
27 levels 28 of
28 of 29 fev₁
32 1,543 33 ml
34 , 36 corrected
36 corrected 48 mean
38 95 39 %
39 % 48 mean
40 ci=146.3 43 ml
40 ci=146.3 45 and
41 - 43 ml
42 170.4 43 ml
43 ml 44 )
45 and 46 fvc
45 and 48 mean
48 mean 49 224.2
48 mean 54 ci=209.9
51 , 54 ci=209.9
52 95 54 ci=209.9
53 % 54 ci=209.9
54 ci=209.9 57 ml
54 ci=209.9 59 .
55 - 57 ml
56 238.5 57 ml
57 ml 58 )

conclusion : combined elevations in il - 6 and crp were associated with the lowest pulmonary function levels in older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 elevations
3 combined 4 elevations
4 elevations 5 in
5 in 6 il
7 - 8 6
7 - 9 and
9 and 10 crp
9 and 12 associated
10 crp 11 were
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 19 in
13 with 18 levels
14 the 15 lowest
14 the 18 levels
16 pulmonary 17 function
17 function 18 levels
19 in 21 women
20 older 21 women

these findings suggest that high il - 6 and crp levels may be an indication [of] prevalent impaired pulmonary function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 il
4 that 5 high
5 high 6 il
7 - 11 levels
7 - 13 be
8 6 9 and
9 and 10 crp
10 crp 11 levels
11 levels 12 may
12 may 13 be
13 be 20 function
14 an 20 function
15 indication 20 function
17 prevalent 20 function
18 impaired 20 function
19 pulmonary 20 function

future studies should determine whether measurement of il [-] 6 and crp could enhance current methods of monitoring respiratory diseases beyond that provided by pulmonary function measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 should
3 should 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 21 beyond
5 whether 11 and
5 whether 14 enhance
6 measurement 7 of
6 measurement 11 and
7 of 8 il
8 il 10 6
11 and 12 crp
11 and 13 could
13 could 14 enhance
14 enhance 16 methods
15 current 16 methods
16 methods 17 of
17 of 18 monitoring
18 monitoring 20 diseases
19 respiratory 20 diseases
21 beyond 22 that
22 that 23 provided
23 provided 24 by
24 by 27 measures
25 pulmonary 26 function
26 function 27 measures

there is growing scientific agreement that antioxidants , particularly the polyphenolic forms , may help lower the incidence of disease , such as certain cancers , cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases , dna damage , or even have anti - aging properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 agreement
3 growing 5 agreement
4 scientific 5 agreement
5 agreement 6 that
5 agreement 7 antioxidants
5 agreement 12 forms
6 that 7 antioxidants
8 , 9 particularly
8 , 12 forms
10 the 12 forms
11 polyphenolic 12 forms
12 forms 13 ,
13 , 35 or
14 may 15 help
14 may 35 or
15 help 16 lower
15 help 28 and
17 the 18 incidence
18 incidence 19 of
18 incidence 21 ,
19 of 20 disease
21 , 25 cancers
21 , 26 ,
22 such 25 cancers
23 as 24 certain
24 certain 25 cancers
26 , 27 cardiovascular
26 , 28 and
28 and 30 diseases
28 and 33 damage
29 neurodegenerative 30 diseases
31 , 33 damage
32 dna 33 damage
33 damage 34 ,
35 or 37 have
36 even 37 have
37 have 41 properties
38 anti 39 -
38 anti 41 properties
40 aging 41 properties

on the other hand , questions remain as to whether some antioxidants or phytochemicals potentially could do more harm than good , as an increase in glycation - mediated protein damage ( carbonyl stress ) and some risk has been reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 questions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 questions
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 questions 7 remain
7 remain 9 to
7 remain 20 than
7 remain 21 good
8 as 9 to
9 to 10 whether
10 whether 13 or
10 whether 17 do
11 some 12 antioxidants
12 antioxidants 13 or
13 or 14 phytochemicals
13 or 16 could
15 potentially 16 could
16 could 17 do
17 do 19 harm
18 more 19 harm
22 , 38 risk
22 , 40 been
23 as 36 and
23 as 38 risk
24 an 25 increase
25 increase 26 in
25 increase 36 and
26 in 27 glycation
27 glycation 31 damage
28 - 31 damage
29 mediated 30 protein
30 protein 31 damage
31 damage 34 stress
31 damage 35 )
32 ( 34 stress
33 carbonyl 34 stress
34 stress 35 )
36 and 37 some
38 risk 39 has
39 has 40 been
40 been 41 reported

nevertheless , the quest for healthy aging has led to the use of antioxidants as a means to disrupt age - associated deterioration in physiological [function] , dysregulated metabolic processes or prevention of many age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 quest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 4 quest
3 the 4 quest
4 quest 5 for
4 quest 8 has
5 for 7 aging
6 healthy 7 aging
8 has 9 led
9 led 10 to
9 led 15 as
10 to 12 use
11 the 12 use
12 use 13 of
13 of 14 antioxidants
15 as 17 means
16 a 17 means
17 means 18 to
17 means 19 disrupt
18 to 19 disrupt
19 disrupt 20 age
20 age 35 age
21 - 35 age
22 associated 23 deterioration
23 deterioration 24 in
23 deterioration 31 or
24 in 30 processes
25 physiological 27 ,
25 physiological 30 processes
28 dysregulated 30 processes
29 metabolic 30 processes
31 or 32 prevention
31 or 33 of
31 or 35 age
33 of 34 many
35 age 36 -
36 - 37 related
37 related 38 diseases

although a diet rich in polyphenolic forms of antioxidants does seem to offer hope in delaying the onset of age - related disorders , it is still too early to define their exact clinical benefit for treating age - related disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 related
1 although 3 diet
1 although 11 seem
1 although 21 -
1 although 25 it
2 a 3 diet
3 diet 4 rich
3 diet 8 of
3 diet 10 does
4 rich 5 in
5 in 7 forms
6 polyphenolic 7 forms
8 of 9 antioxidants
10 does 11 seem
11 seem 12 to
11 seem 13 offer
12 to 13 offer
13 offer 14 hope
13 offer 15 in
15 in 16 delaying
16 delaying 18 onset
17 the 18 onset
18 onset 19 of
19 of 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 23 disorders
22 related 24 ,
22 related 25 it
25 it 26 is
26 is 27 still
26 is 28 too
26 is 29 early
29 early 30 to
29 early 31 define
30 to 31 define
31 define 35 benefit
32 their 35 benefit
33 exact 35 benefit
34 clinical 35 benefit
35 benefit 36 for
36 for 38 age
37 treating 38 age
39 - 40 related
40 related 41 disease
40 related 42 .

regardless of where the debate will end , it is clear that any deficiency in antioxidant vitamins or adequate enzymatic antioxidant defenses can manifest in many disease states and shift the redox balance in some diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 regardless 2 of
2 of 3 where
2 of 8 ,
2 of 9 it
3 where 5 debate
3 where 7 end
4 the 5 debate
5 debate 6 will
6 will 7 end
9 it 10 is
10 is 11 clear
11 clear 12 that
12 that 18 or
12 that 29 and
13 any 14 deficiency
14 deficiency 15 in
14 deficiency 18 or
15 in 17 vitamins
16 antioxidant 17 vitamins
18 or 22 defenses
18 or 23 can
19 adequate 22 defenses
20 enzymatic 22 defenses
21 antioxidant 22 defenses
23 can 29 and
24 manifest 25 in
24 manifest 28 states
24 manifest 29 and
25 in 26 many
27 disease 28 states
29 and 30 shift
30 shift 33 balance
30 shift 34 in
31 the 33 balance
32 redox 33 balance
34 in 36 diseases
35 some 36 diseases

this updated review critically examines general antioxidant compounds in health , disease and aging with hope that a better understanding of the many mechanisms involved with these diverse compounds may lead to better health and novel treatment approaches for age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 3 review
2 updated 3 review
3 review 5 examines
4 critically 5 examines
5 examines 8 compounds
5 examines 32 to
6 general 8 compounds
7 antioxidant 8 compounds
8 compounds 9 in
9 in 13 and
10 health 11 ,
11 , 12 disease
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 aging
14 aging 15 with
15 with 16 hope
16 hope 17 that
17 that 20 understanding
17 that 31 lead
18 a 20 understanding
19 better 20 understanding
20 understanding 21 of
20 understanding 25 involved
20 understanding 30 may
21 of 24 mechanisms
22 the 23 many
23 many 24 mechanisms
25 involved 26 with
26 with 29 compounds
27 these 29 compounds
28 diverse 29 compounds
30 may 31 lead
32 to 33 better
33 better 35 and
34 health 35 and
35 and 38 approaches
36 novel 37 treatment
37 treatment 38 approaches
38 approaches 39 for
39 for 40 age
41 - 42 related
42 related 43 diseases

human aging is associated with loss of tissue homeostasis and a greatly elevated risk of debilitating disease , with associated costs in terms of diminished quality of life for the individual and financial burdens on health - care providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 human
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 human 2 aging
1 human 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
4 associated 19 with
5 with 10 and
6 loss 7 of
6 loss 10 and
7 of 9 homeostasis
8 tissue 9 homeostasis
10 and 14 risk
10 and 15 of
11 a 14 risk
12 greatly 13 elevated
13 elevated 14 risk
15 of 17 disease
16 debilitating 17 disease
18 , 19 with
19 with 21 costs
19 with 29 for
19 with 37 -
20 associated 21 costs
21 costs 22 in
21 costs 24 of
22 in 23 terms
24 of 26 quality
25 diminished 26 quality
26 quality 27 of
27 of 28 life
29 for 32 and
30 the 31 individual
31 individual 32 and
32 and 34 burdens
32 and 35 on
33 financial 34 burdens
35 on 36 health
37 - 39 providers
38 care 39 providers

any advances that hold out the realistic prospect of tackling age - related morbidity are therefore to be welcomed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 welcomed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 any 2 advances
2 advances 3 that
2 advances 4 hold
2 advances 15 are
3 that 4 hold
4 hold 5 out
4 hold 8 prospect
6 the 8 prospect
7 realistic 8 prospect
8 prospect 9 of
9 of 10 tackling
10 tackling 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 morbidity
13 related 15 are
15 are 17 to
15 are 19 welcomed
16 therefore 17 to
17 to 18 be

the recent report by jeskelioff et al . published in 2010 that telomerase reactivation in adult male mice can not only halt but actually reverse significant tissue pathologies provides a long - awaited proof of principle that it is possible to rejuvenate aged tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 3 report
2 recent 3 report
3 report 4 by
3 report 9 published
3 report 12 that
3 report 43 aged
4 by 7 al
5 jeskelioff 7 al
6 et 7 al
7 al 8 .
9 published 10 in
10 in 11 2010
12 that 13 telomerase
12 that 29 provides
13 telomerase 14 reactivation
13 telomerase 22 halt
13 telomerase 29 provides
14 reactivation 15 in
14 reactivation 19 can
15 in 18 mice
16 adult 18 mice
17 male 18 mice
19 can 20 not
19 can 22 halt
21 only 22 halt
22 halt 23 but
23 but 24 actually
23 but 28 pathologies
25 reverse 28 pathologies
26 significant 27 tissue
27 tissue 28 pathologies
29 provides 34 proof
30 a 31 long
30 a 34 proof
31 long 32 -
31 long 34 proof
33 awaited 34 proof
34 proof 35 of
34 proof 37 that
35 of 36 principle
37 that 38 it
37 that 39 is
38 it 39 is
39 is 40 possible
40 possible 41 to
40 possible 42 rejuvenate
41 to 42 rejuvenate
43 aged 44 tissues

this review assesses the impact of this new work and considers possible problems and potential benefits of telomerase activation as [a] therapy to tackle the morbidities associated with human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 10 and
3 assesses 5 impact
3 assesses 10 and
4 the 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
6 of 9 work
7 this 9 work
8 new 9 work
10 and 11 considers
10 and 20 as
10 and 23 to
11 considers 14 and
11 considers 19 activation
12 possible 13 problems
13 problems 14 and
14 and 16 benefits
14 and 17 of
15 potential 16 benefits
17 of 18 telomerase
20 as 22 therapy
23 to 24 tackle
24 tackle 26 morbidities
25 the 26 morbidities
26 morbidities 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 30 aging
29 human 30 aging

research on retrieval - induced forgetting has shown that remembering can cause forgetting of related information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 forgetting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 research 6 forgetting
2 on 3 retrieval
2 on 4 -
2 on 6 forgetting
5 induced 6 forgetting
6 forgetting 7 has
7 has 8 shown
8 shown 9 that
9 that 10 remembering
9 that 12 cause
10 remembering 11 can
11 can 12 cause
12 cause 13 forgetting
13 forgetting 14 of
14 of 16 information
15 related 16 information

this study examined whether such forgetting occurred for associatively structured lists [and] if aging influenced such forgetting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 4 whether
4 whether 6 forgetting
4 whether 7 occurred
5 such 6 forgetting
6 forgetting 7 occurred
7 occurred 8 for
7 occurred 13 if
8 for 11 lists
9 associatively 10 structured
10 structured 11 lists
13 if 14 aging
13 if 15 influenced
14 aging 15 influenced
15 influenced 17 forgetting
16 such 17 forgetting

we compared retrieval - induced forgetting during a free recall test by using deese/roediger - mcdermott ( drm ) lists with an associative structure as the stimulus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 3 retrieval
4 - 6 forgetting
4 - 15 -
5 induced 6 forgetting
6 forgetting 7 during
7 during 11 test
8 a 9 free
8 a 11 test
9 free 10 recall
10 recall 11 test
11 test 12 by
12 by 13 using
13 using 14 deese/roediger
15 - 20 lists
16 mcdermott 18 drm
17 ( 18 drm
18 drm 19 )
18 drm 20 lists
20 lists 21 with
21 with 24 structure
22 an 23 associative
22 an 24 structure
23 associative 24 structure
24 structure 25 as
25 as 27 stimulus
26 the 27 stimulus

two age groups of young and old adult participants were tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 two 3 groups
2 age 3 groups
3 groups 4 of
3 groups 10 were
4 of 9 participants
5 young 6 and
6 and 7 old
6 and 8 adult
8 adult 9 participants
10 were 11 tested

the results indicated that both age groups showed the same degree of retrieval - induced forgetting of the lists . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicated
2 results 4 that
2 results 6 age
2 results 8 showed
4 that 6 age
5 both 6 age
6 age 7 groups
8 showed 13 retrieval
9 the 10 same
10 same 11 degree
11 degree 12 of
11 degree 13 retrieval
12 of 13 retrieval
14 - 16 forgetting
15 induced 16 forgetting
16 forgetting 17 of
17 of 19 lists
18 the 19 lists

these results suggest that the association between items causes retrieval - induced forgetting and that the inhibitory function of the association in retrieval [-] induced forgetting does not decline with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 association
4 that 9 causes
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 between
6 association 9 causes
7 between 8 items
9 causes 10 retrieval
11 - 14 and
12 induced 13 forgetting
13 forgetting 14 and
14 and 15 that
14 and 18 function
14 and 29 decline
16 the 18 function
17 inhibitory 18 function
18 function 19 of
18 function 27 does
19 of 21 association
20 the 21 association
21 association 22 in
22 in 23 retrieval
23 retrieval 25 induced
23 retrieval 26 forgetting
27 does 28 not
27 does 29 decline
29 decline 30 with
30 with 31 age

incidence [rate] of arteriosclerotic disease such as ischemic heart disease and stroke has been on the rise in japan due to the westernized dietary habit , insufficient exercise brought about by persistent motorization and increase in mental stress caused by social downturn as well as rapid progression of aging society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 incidence 3 of
1 incidence 13 has
3 of 11 and
4 arteriosclerotic 5 disease
5 disease 7 as
5 disease 11 and
6 such 7 as
7 as 10 disease
8 ischemic 9 heart
9 heart 10 disease
11 and 12 stroke
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 on
14 been 36 in
15 on 17 rise
16 the 17 rise
17 rise 18 in
17 rise 20 due
18 in 19 japan
20 due 21 to
21 to 34 and
22 the 25 habit
23 westernized 25 habit
24 dietary 25 habit
25 habit 26 ,
26 , 28 exercise
26 , 34 and
27 insufficient 28 exercise
28 exercise 29 brought
29 brought 30 about
30 about 31 by
31 by 33 motorization
32 persistent 33 motorization
34 and 35 increase
36 in 38 stress
37 mental 38 stress
38 stress 39 caused
38 stress 48 of
39 caused 40 by
40 by 47 progression
41 social 42 downturn
42 downturn 47 progression
43 as 44 well
44 well 46 rapid
45 as 46 rapid
46 rapid 47 progression
48 of 49 aging
49 aging 50 society

in this paper , we 'll outline prevention , treatment and control of arteriosclerosis from a perspective of antiinflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 outline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 'll
6 'll 7 outline
7 outline 11 and
8 prevention 9 ,
9 , 10 treatment
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 control
11 and 13 of
13 of 14 arteriosclerosis
14 arteriosclerosis 15 from
15 from 17 perspective
16 a 17 perspective
17 perspective 18 of
18 of 19 antiinflammation

elderly patients and patients with renal impairment present unique challenges in the management of diabetes mellitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 elderly 2 patients
2 patients 3 and
3 and 4 patients
3 and 5 with
3 and 8 present
5 with 7 impairment
6 renal 7 impairment
8 present 10 challenges
8 present 11 in
9 unique 10 challenges
11 in 13 management
12 the 13 management
13 management 14 of
14 of 16 mellitus
15 diabetes 16 mellitus

impaired [renal] function [is] a common comorbidity ( or complication ) associated with type 2 diabetes , as well as a complicating factor in the treatment of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 impaired 3 function
3 function 9 or
5 a 6 common
5 a 7 comorbidity
6 common 7 comorbidity
7 comorbidity 9 or
8 ( 9 or
9 or 10 complication
9 or 11 )
9 or 12 associated
9 or 20 as
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 17 ,
12 associated 19 well
13 with 14 type
13 with 16 diabetes
14 type 15 2
18 as 19 well
20 as 23 factor
21 a 23 factor
22 complicating 23 factor
23 factor 24 in
23 factor 27 of
24 in 26 treatment
25 the 26 treatment
27 of 29 disease
28 the 29 disease

renal insufficiency , which can result in elevated plasma concentrations of pharmaceutical agents , may preclude the use of some antihyperglycemic medications and require that the dosages of others be reduced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insufficiency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 renal 2 insufficiency
2 insufficiency 4 which
2 insufficiency 15 may
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 can
4 which 14 ,
5 can 6 result
6 result 7 in
7 in 10 concentrations
8 elevated 9 plasma
9 plasma 10 concentrations
10 concentrations 11 of
11 of 13 agents
12 pharmaceutical 13 agents
15 may 23 and
16 preclude 18 use
16 preclude 23 and
17 the 18 use
18 use 19 of
19 of 22 medications
20 some 22 medications
21 antihyperglycemic 22 medications
23 and 24 require
24 require 25 that
25 that 27 dosages
25 that 30 be
26 the 27 dosages
27 dosages 28 of
28 of 29 others
30 be 31 reduced

failure to select [and] dose medications carefully in these patients may increase the risk of hypoglycemia and other adverse effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 failure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 failure 2 to
1 failure 3 select
1 failure 11 may
2 to 3 select
3 select 6 medications
3 select 7 carefully
3 select 8 in
5 dose 6 medications
8 in 10 patients
9 these 10 patients
11 may 12 increase
12 increase 14 risk
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 and
16 hypoglycemia 17 and
17 and 20 effects
18 other 20 effects
19 adverse 20 effects

for example , elevated plasma concentrations of some sulfonylureas may increase the risk of hypoglycemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 for 2 example
2 example 3 ,
2 example 6 concentrations
4 elevated 5 plasma
5 plasma 6 concentrations
6 concentrations 7 of
6 concentrations 10 may
7 of 9 sulfonylureas
8 some 9 sulfonylureas
10 may 11 increase
11 increase 13 risk
12 the 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 hypoglycemia

because patients with chronic renal insufficiency tend to retain fluids , treatment with a thiazolidinedione -- a class of agents associated with fluid retention -- may exacerbate the risk of edema . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 exacerbate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 because 2 patients
1 because 7 tend
1 because 11 ,
1 because 12 treatment
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 7 tend
3 with 6 insufficiency
4 chronic 6 insufficiency
5 renal 6 insufficiency
7 tend 8 to
7 tend 9 retain
8 to 9 retain
9 retain 10 fluids
12 treatment 13 with
12 treatment 18 class
12 treatment 26 may
13 with 15 thiazolidinedione
14 a 15 thiazolidinedione
16 -- 18 class
17 a 18 class
18 class 19 of
18 class 21 associated
18 class 25 --
19 of 20 agents
21 associated 22 with
22 with 24 retention
23 fluid 24 retention
26 may 27 exacerbate
27 exacerbate 29 risk
28 the 29 risk
29 risk 30 of
30 of 31 edema

older patients with type 2 diabetes [--] like patients with renal insufficiency an important and populous subgroup -- also have issues with therapy selection and dosing regimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 like
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 --
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 older 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 8 like
3 with 6 diabetes
4 type 6 diabetes
5 2 6 diabetes
8 like 9 patients
8 like 10 with
10 with 12 insufficiency
10 with 17 subgroup
11 renal 12 insufficiency
13 an 17 subgroup
14 important 15 and
15 and 16 populous
15 and 17 subgroup
18 -- 20 have
19 also 20 have
20 have 21 issues
20 have 22 with
22 with 25 and
23 therapy 24 selection
24 selection 25 and
25 and 27 regimens
26 dosing 27 regimens

as a result of the effects of aging on kidney function [,] older patients may also be subject to elevated plasma levels with consequent additional risk of hypoglycemia and other adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 subject
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 17 be
1 as 18 subject
2 a 3 result
3 result 4 of
3 result 7 of
3 result 15 may
4 of 6 effects
5 the 6 effects
7 of 8 aging
8 aging 9 on
9 on 14 patients
10 kidney 14 patients
11 function 14 patients
13 older 14 patients
15 may 17 be
16 also 17 be
18 subject 19 to
18 subject 22 levels
18 subject 23 with
19 to 21 plasma
20 elevated 21 plasma
23 with 26 risk
24 consequent 26 risk
25 additional 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 29 and
28 hypoglycemia 29 and
29 and 32 events
30 other 32 events
31 adverse 32 events

because older patients tend to be treated with multiple medications for multiple comorbidities , it becomes challenging to design regimens that [avoid] or reduce the risk of drug [-] drug interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 because
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 because 3 patients
2 older 3 patients
3 patients 23 or
4 tend 5 to
4 tend 21 that
4 tend 23 or
5 to 14 ,
6 be 7 treated
6 be 14 ,
7 treated 8 with
7 treated 11 for
8 with 10 medications
9 multiple 10 medications
11 for 13 comorbidities
12 multiple 13 comorbidities
14 , 19 design
15 it 16 becomes
16 becomes 17 challenging
16 becomes 18 to
18 to 19 design
19 design 20 regimens
23 or 24 reduce
23 or 26 risk
25 the 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
27 of 31 interactions
28 drug 31 interactions
30 drug 31 interactions

for both older patients and patients with chronic renal insufficiency , the most important drug - related adverse effect to avoid is hypoglycemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 for 5 and
1 for 11 ,
1 for 15 drug
2 both 4 patients
3 older 4 patients
4 patients 5 and
5 and 6 patients
5 and 7 with
7 with 10 insufficiency
8 chronic 10 insufficiency
9 renal 10 insufficiency
12 the 15 drug
13 most 14 important
14 important 15 drug
15 drug 22 is
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 effect
17 related 22 is
18 adverse 19 effect
19 effect 20 to
19 effect 21 avoid
20 to 21 avoid
22 is 23 hypoglycemia

accordingly , incretin [-] based agents have an advantage because they are unlikely to cause hypoglycemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 agents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 accordingly 2 ,
1 accordingly 6 agents
3 incretin 5 based
5 based 6 agents
6 agents 7 have
7 have 9 advantage
7 have 10 because
8 an 9 advantage
10 because 11 they
10 because 12 are
11 they 12 are
12 are 13 unlikely
13 unlikely 14 to
13 unlikely 15 cause
14 to 15 cause
15 cause 16 hypoglycemia

this implies significant consequences with regard to the development of weight loss , anorexia , social disadvantages and increased mortality with serious socio - economic burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 implies
2 implies 4 consequences
2 implies 5 with
2 implies 7 to
2 implies 21 with
3 significant 4 consequences
5 with 6 regard
7 to 9 development
8 the 9 development
9 development 10 of
10 of 18 and
11 weight 12 loss
12 loss 13 ,
13 , 17 disadvantages
13 , 18 and
14 anorexia 15 ,
14 anorexia 16 social
16 social 17 disadvantages
18 and 20 mortality
19 increased 20 mortality
21 with 26 burden
22 serious 26 burden
23 socio 24 -
23 socio 26 burden
25 economic 26 burden

ageing processes are determined by differentiated neurogeneration of the myenteric plexus ( cholinergic degeneration ) through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and alteration of protective and regenerative processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 ageing 2 processes
2 processes 3 are
3 are 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
4 determined 16 through
5 by 7 neurogeneration
6 differentiated 7 neurogeneration
7 neurogeneration 8 of
7 neurogeneration 14 degeneration
8 of 11 plexus
9 the 11 plexus
10 myenteric 11 plexus
12 ( 14 degeneration
13 cholinergic 14 degeneration
14 degeneration 15 )
16 through 22 and
17 reactive 18 oxygen
18 oxygen 19 and
19 and 21 species
19 and 22 and
20 nitrogen 21 species
22 and 23 alteration
22 and 24 of
24 of 28 processes
25 protective 26 and
26 and 27 regenerative
26 and 28 processes

age - related gastrointestinal dysfunctions may be caused by the ageing gastrointestinal tract itself [or] by other age - related diseases such as tumour [,] neurological or inflammatory diseases , anatomic changes , therapeutic medication , polymorbidity or malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 age 6 may
2 - 3 related
3 related 5 dysfunctions
3 related 6 may
4 gastrointestinal 5 dysfunctions
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 caused
8 caused 9 by
8 caused 14 itself
8 caused 16 by
9 by 13 tract
10 the 13 tract
11 ageing 13 tract
12 gastrointestinal 13 tract
16 by 18 age
17 other 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 diseases
21 diseases 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 38 or
24 tumour 29 diseases
26 neurological 27 or
27 or 28 inflammatory
27 or 29 diseases
29 diseases 30 ,
30 , 32 changes
30 , 33 ,
31 anatomic 32 changes
33 , 35 medication
33 , 36 ,
34 therapeutic 35 medication
36 , 37 polymorbidity
36 , 38 or
38 or 39 malnutrition

because of the significant therapeutic options , differential diagnostic work [-] [up] is mandatory also in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 7 ,
1 because 10 work
2 of 6 options
3 the 6 options
4 significant 6 options
5 therapeutic 6 options
8 differential 10 work
9 diagnostic 10 work
10 work 13 is
13 is 14 mandatory
14 mandatory 15 also
14 mandatory 16 in
16 in 18 patients
17 elderly 18 patients

increased pineal calcifications and decreased pineal melatonin biosynthesis , both age related , support the notion of a pineal bio - organic timing mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 increased 3 calcifications
2 pineal 3 calcifications
3 calcifications 4 and
4 and 8 biosynthesis
4 and 9 ,
4 and 10 both
4 and 11 age
4 and 13 ,
5 decreased 7 melatonin
6 pineal 7 melatonin
7 melatonin 8 biosynthesis
10 both 11 age
12 related 13 ,
13 , 14 support
14 support 16 notion
15 the 16 notion
16 notion 17 of
17 of 20 bio
18 a 19 pineal
18 a 20 bio
19 pineal 20 bio
21 - 24 mechanism
21 - 25 .
22 organic 23 timing
23 timing 24 mechanism

the role of calcification in the pathogenesis of pineal gland dysfunction remains unknown but the available data document that calcification is an organized , regulated process , rather than a passive aging phenomenon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 of
2 role 8 of
2 role 12 remains
3 of 4 calcification
4 calcification 5 in
5 in 7 pathogenesis
6 the 7 pathogenesis
8 of 11 dysfunction
9 pineal 10 gland
10 gland 11 dysfunction
12 remains 13 unknown
14 but 17 data
14 but 18 document
15 the 17 data
16 available 17 data
17 data 18 document
18 document 19 that
19 that 20 calcification
19 that 21 is
20 calcification 21 is
21 is 26 process
21 is 29 than
22 an 23 organized
22 an 26 process
23 organized 24 ,
23 organized 26 process
25 regulated 26 process
27 , 29 than
28 rather 29 than
29 than 33 phenomenon
29 than 34 .
30 a 31 passive
30 a 33 phenomenon
31 passive 33 phenomenon
32 aging 33 phenomenon

the cellular biology and micro - environmental conditions required for calcification remain poorly understood but most studies have demonstrated evidence that mast cells are strongly implicated in this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 biology
2 cellular 3 biology
3 biology 4 and
4 and 8 conditions
4 and 12 remain
5 micro 6 -
5 micro 8 conditions
7 environmental 8 conditions
8 conditions 9 required
9 required 10 for
10 for 11 calcification
12 remain 14 understood
13 poorly 14 understood
15 but 17 studies
15 but 18 have
16 most 17 studies
17 studies 18 have
18 have 20 evidence
18 have 27 in
19 demonstrated 20 evidence
20 evidence 21 that
20 evidence 26 implicated
21 that 23 cells
21 that 26 implicated
22 mast 23 cells
23 cells 24 are
24 are 25 strongly
24 are 26 implicated
27 in 29 process
28 this 29 process

the aim of the present study was to examine the phenotype of mast cells associated with early stages and with the progressive development of calcification in the human pineal gland . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 12 of
2 aim 15 associated
3 of 5 present
4 the 5 present
5 present 6 study
5 present 9 examine
6 study 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 examine
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 11 phenotype
10 the 11 phenotype
12 of 14 cells
13 mast 14 cells
15 associated 19 and
15 associated 26 in
16 with 18 stages
16 with 19 and
17 early 18 stages
19 and 20 with
20 with 23 development
21 the 23 development
22 progressive 23 development
23 development 24 of
24 of 25 calcification
26 in 30 gland
27 the 30 gland
28 human 30 gland
29 pineal 30 gland

the study was performed on pineal samples of 170 fetuses and children whose brains were autopsied and diagnosed during 1998 - 2002 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
1 the 2 study
2 study 17 and
3 was 4 performed
3 was 17 and
4 performed 5 on
5 on 11 and
6 pineal 7 samples
7 samples 8 of
7 samples 11 and
8 of 10 fetuses
9 170 10 fetuses
11 and 12 children
11 and 13 whose
13 whose 14 brains
14 brains 15 were
15 were 16 autopsied
17 and 18 diagnosed
17 and 19 during
19 during 20 1998
20 1998 22 2002
21 - 22 2002
22 2002 23 .

the representative cerebral and pineal specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or the von kossa staining technique and for the distribution of mast cell tryptase , mast cell chymase , histamine h4 receptor and vascular network using biotinylated ulex europaeus agglutinin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 representative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 stained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 representative
2 representative 6 specimens
2 representative 7 were
2 representative 8 stained
3 cerebral 4 and
4 and 5 pineal
4 and 6 specimens
6 specimens 7 were
8 stained 19 and
8 stained 38 using
9 with 13 or
9 with 19 and
10 haematoxylin 11 and
11 and 12 eosin
11 and 13 or
13 or 16 kossa
13 or 17 staining
14 the 16 kossa
15 von 16 kossa
17 staining 18 technique
19 and 20 for
20 for 35 and
21 the 22 distribution
22 distribution 23 of
22 distribution 27 ,
23 of 26 tryptase
24 mast 25 cell
25 cell 26 tryptase
27 , 30 chymase
27 , 31 ,
28 mast 30 chymase
29 cell 30 chymase
31 , 34 receptor
31 , 35 and
32 histamine 34 receptor
33 h4 34 receptor
35 and 37 network
36 vascular 37 network
38 using 42 agglutinin
39 biotinylated 41 europaeus
40 ulex 41 europaeus
41 europaeus 42 agglutinin

tryptase mast cells were found in all stages of pineal gland development independently of the presence of local tissue lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 tryptase 3 cells
2 mast 3 cells
3 cells 4 were
4 were 5 found
5 found 6 in
5 found 13 independently
6 in 8 stages
7 all 8 stages
8 stages 9 of
9 of 12 development
10 pineal 11 gland
11 gland 12 development
13 independently 14 of
14 of 16 presence
15 the 16 presence
16 presence 17 of
17 of 20 lesions
18 local 19 tissue
19 tissue 20 lesions

all of them were always localized in the close vicinity of the blood vessels and expressed immunoreactivity to histamine h4 receptor antibody . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 them
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 localized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 3 them
2 of 3 them
3 them 4 were
4 were 6 localized
5 always 6 localized
6 localized 7 in
7 in 10 vicinity
8 the 10 vicinity
9 close 10 vicinity
10 vicinity 11 of
11 of 22 antibody
12 the 22 antibody
13 blood 22 antibody
14 vessels 15 and
15 and 17 immunoreactivity
15 and 18 to
15 and 22 antibody
16 expressed 17 immunoreactivity
18 to 19 histamine
20 h4 22 antibody
21 receptor 22 antibody

in our study , all functional mast cells that underwent activation and were co [-] localized with deposits of calcium did not contain chymase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 contain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 cells
2 our 3 study
5 all 8 cells
6 functional 7 mast
7 mast 8 cells
8 cells 9 that
8 cells 12 and
8 cells 21 did
9 that 12 and
10 underwent 11 activation
10 underwent 12 and
12 and 13 were
13 were 14 co
14 co 16 localized
16 localized 17 with
17 with 18 deposits
18 deposits 19 of
19 of 20 calcium
21 did 22 not
21 did 23 contain
23 contain 24 chymase

all of them were stained with tryptase and represent the mc [-] t phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 them
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 3 them
2 of 3 them
3 them 8 and
4 were 5 stained
4 were 8 and
5 stained 6 with
6 with 7 tryptase
8 and 9 represent
9 represent 14 phenotype
10 the 14 phenotype
11 mc 13 t
11 mc 14 phenotype

tryptase mast cells and extracellular tryptase were often associated with areas of early and more advanced stages of calcification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 tryptase 3 cells
2 mast 3 cells
3 cells 4 and
4 and 6 tryptase
4 and 7 were
5 extracellular 6 tryptase
7 were 8 often
7 were 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 11 areas
11 areas 12 of
12 of 17 stages
13 early 14 and
14 and 15 more
14 and 17 stages
16 advanced 17 stages
17 stages 18 of
18 of 19 calcification

our results lead to the conclusion that the tryptase mast cells play a major role in the pineal calcification process as sites where this process starts [and] as a source of production of numerous biologically active substances including tryptase that participate in calcification . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 lead
3 lead 4 to
3 lead 21 as
3 lead 42 in
4 to 6 conclusion
5 the 6 conclusion
6 conclusion 7 that
7 that 11 cells
7 that 12 play
8 the 11 cells
9 tryptase 10 mast
10 mast 11 cells
11 cells 12 play
12 play 15 role
13 a 14 major
13 a 15 role
14 major 15 role
15 role 16 in
16 in 20 process
17 the 20 process
18 pineal 19 calcification
19 calcification 20 process
21 as 22 sites
22 sites 23 where
22 sites 31 of
23 where 25 process
23 where 26 starts
24 this 25 process
25 process 26 starts
26 starts 28 as
28 as 30 source
29 a 30 source
31 of 32 production
32 production 33 of
33 of 37 substances
34 numerous 37 substances
35 biologically 36 active
36 active 37 substances
37 substances 38 including
37 substances 40 that
37 substances 41 participate
38 including 39 tryptase
40 that 41 participate
42 in 43 calcification

a common but significant change associated with aging is a profound disruption to the daily sleep - wake cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 a 5 change
2 common 3 but
3 but 4 significant
3 but 5 change
5 change 6 associated
5 change 9 is
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 aging
9 is 12 disruption
10 a 11 profound
10 a 12 disruption
11 profound 12 disruption
12 disruption 13 to
13 to 16 sleep
14 the 16 sleep
15 daily 16 sleep
17 - 19 cycle
17 - 20 .
18 wake 19 cycle

it has been estimated that as many as 50 % of older adults complain about difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 3 been
3 been 4 estimated
4 estimated 5 that
5 that 10 %
5 that 14 complain
6 as 7 many
7 many 8 as
8 as 9 50
9 50 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 14 complain
11 of 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 complain 15 about
15 about 18 or
16 difficulty 17 initiating
16 difficulty 18 or
18 or 20 sleep
19 maintaining 20 sleep

poor sleep results in increased risk of significant morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sleep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 poor 2 sleep
2 sleep 3 results
3 results 4 in
4 in 6 risk
5 increased 6 risk
6 risk 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 significant 9 morbidity
9 morbidity 10 and
10 and 11 mortality

moreover , in younger adults , [compromised] sleep has been shown to have a consistent effect [on] cognitive function , which may suggest that sleep problems contribute to the cognitive changes that accompany older age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 sleep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 8 sleep
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 adults
3 in 6 ,
3 in 8 sleep
4 younger 5 adults
8 sleep 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 shown
11 shown 12 to
12 to 13 have
13 have 19 function
14 a 15 consistent
14 a 19 function
15 consistent 16 effect
16 effect 19 function
18 cognitive 19 function
20 , 21 which
20 , 23 suggest
21 which 22 may
22 may 23 suggest
23 suggest 24 that
24 that 26 problems
24 that 27 contribute
25 sleep 26 problems
26 problems 27 contribute
27 contribute 28 to
28 to 31 changes
29 the 31 changes
30 cognitive 31 changes
31 changes 32 that
31 changes 33 accompany
32 that 33 accompany
33 accompany 35 age
34 older 35 age

the multifactorial nature of variables affecting sleep in old age cannot be overstated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 overstated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 nature
2 multifactorial 3 nature
3 nature 4 of
3 nature 11 cannot
4 of 5 variables
5 variables 6 affecting
6 affecting 7 sleep
6 affecting 8 in
8 in 10 age
9 old 10 age
11 cannot 12 be
12 be 13 overstated

given [that] changes in sleep quality and quantity in later life have implications for quality of life and level of functioning , it is imperative to distinguish the normal age - related sleep changes from those originating from pathological processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 related
1 given 3 changes
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 12 have
4 in 7 and
5 sleep 6 quality
6 quality 7 and
7 and 8 quantity
7 and 9 in
9 in 11 life
10 later 11 life
12 have 18 and
12 have 27 distinguish
13 implications 14 for
13 implications 18 and
14 for 15 quality
15 quality 16 of
16 of 17 life
18 and 19 level
18 and 22 ,
18 and 23 it
18 and 26 to
19 level 20 of
20 of 21 functioning
23 it 24 is
24 is 25 imperative
25 imperative 26 to
27 distinguish 30 age
28 the 30 age
29 normal 30 age
31 - 32 related
32 related 34 changes
32 related 41 .
33 sleep 34 changes
34 changes 35 from
34 changes 37 originating
35 from 36 those
37 originating 38 from
38 from 40 processes
39 pathological 40 processes

background : injury to renal tubules plays an important role in the development of various renal diseases ; however , [the] prevalence and significance of renal tubular damage in the general population are unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 injury
2 : 7 plays
2 : 18 ;
2 : 35 .
3 injury 4 to
3 injury 7 plays
4 to 6 tubules
5 renal 6 tubules
7 plays 10 role
7 plays 11 in
8 an 9 important
8 an 10 role
9 important 10 role
11 in 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 17 diseases
15 various 17 diseases
16 renal 17 diseases
18 ; 23 and
18 ; 33 are
19 however 20 ,
19 however 23 and
22 prevalence 23 and
23 and 24 significance
23 and 25 of
23 and 29 in
23 and 33 are
25 of 28 damage
26 renal 28 damage
27 tubular 28 damage
29 in 32 population
30 the 32 population
31 general 32 population
33 are 34 unclear

to clarify this point , we conducted a community - based study , using urinary β ( 2 ) - microglobulin as a marker of tubular damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 clarify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 clarify
2 clarify 4 point
3 this 4 point
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 conducted
6 we 7 conducted
7 conducted 9 community
7 conducted 14 using
8 a 9 community
9 community 12 study
10 - 12 study
11 based 12 study
12 study 13 ,
14 using 21 microglobulin
14 using 22 as
15 urinary 21 microglobulin
16 β 18 2
16 β 20 -
16 β 21 microglobulin
17 ( 18 2
18 2 19 )
22 as 24 marker
23 a 24 marker
24 marker 25 of
25 of 27 damage
26 tubular 27 damage

methods : the subjects studied were 3,444 japanese over the age of 40 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 : 4 subjects
2 : 6 were
3 the 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 studied
4 subjects 6 were
6 were 7 3,444
7 3,444 8 japanese
8 japanese 9 over
9 over 11 age
10 the 11 age
11 age 12 of
12 of 14 years
13 40 14 years

the urinary β ( 2 ) - microglobulin [-] creatinine ratio ( ubcr ) was assessed in morning spot urine samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 11 ratio
2 urinary 8 microglobulin
3 β 5 2
3 β 7 -
3 β 8 microglobulin
4 ( 5 2
5 2 6 )
8 microglobulin 11 ratio
10 creatinine 11 ratio
11 ratio 13 ubcr
11 ratio 15 was
12 ( 13 ubcr
13 ubcr 14 )
15 was 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 in
17 in 21 samples
18 morning 21 samples
19 spot 21 samples
20 urine 21 samples

results : in this population , the distribution of the ubcr among these subjects was skewed towards higher values and a high ubcr ( ≥300 [μg] / [g] ) was identified in 438 ( 12.7 % ) subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 population
4 this 5 population
6 , 8 distribution
6 , 16 skewed
6 , 20 and
7 the 8 distribution
8 distribution 9 of
8 distribution 15 was
9 of 11 ubcr
10 the 11 ubcr
11 ubcr 12 among
12 among 14 subjects
13 these 14 subjects
15 was 16 skewed
16 skewed 17 towards
17 towards 19 values
18 higher 19 values
20 and 22 high
20 and 31 identified
21 a 22 high
22 high 23 ubcr
22 high 30 was
22 high 31 identified
23 ubcr 27 /
23 ubcr 30 was
24 ( 27 /
25 ≥300 27 /
27 / 29 )
31 identified 32 in
31 identified 38 subjects
32 in 33 438
33 438 36 %
34 ( 36 %
35 12.7 36 %
36 % 37 )

however , overlap with macroalbuminuria and renal insufficiency [ estimated glomerular filtration [rate] ( egfr ) < 60 ml/min/1.73 [m] ( 2 [ )(] was observed in only 25 ( 5.7 % ) [and] 58 ( 13.2 % [ )(of these subjects , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 overlap
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 overlap
3 overlap 4 with
3 overlap 35 58
3 overlap 44 respectively
4 with 8 insufficiency
4 with 18 60
5 macroalbuminuria 6 and
6 and 7 renal
6 and 8 insufficiency
8 insufficiency 12 filtration
9 [ 12 filtration
10 estimated 12 filtration
11 glomerular 12 filtration
12 filtration 15 egfr
12 filtration 16 )
14 ( 15 egfr
15 egfr 16 )
17 < 18 60
18 60 19 ml/min/1.73
18 60 25 was
18 60 26 observed
19 ml/min/1.73 22 2
19 ml/min/1.73 25 was
21 ( 22 2
22 2 24 )(]
26 observed 27 in
27 in 29 25
28 only 29 25
29 25 32 %
30 ( 32 %
31 5.7 32 %
32 % 33 )
35 58 38 %
36 ( 38 %
37 13.2 38 %
38 % 40 )(of
38 % 43 ,
40 )(of 42 subjects
41 these 42 subjects

multivariate analysis indicated that a high ubcr was positively associated with aging , hypertension , macroalbuminuria and increased urinary sodium excretion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 multivariate 12 aging
1 multivariate 13 ,
2 analysis 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 6 high
4 that 12 aging
5 a 6 high
6 high 7 ubcr
6 high 11 with
6 high 12 aging
7 ubcr 8 was
8 was 9 positively
8 was 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
13 , 14 hypertension
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 macroalbuminuria
15 , 17 and
17 and 21 excretion
18 increased 20 sodium
19 urinary 20 sodium
20 sodium 21 excretion

[a] 5 - year longitudinal analysis in 899 subjects indicated a greater decline in egfr in parallel with the increase in baseline ubcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
3 - 6 analysis
4 year 6 analysis
5 longitudinal 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 in
6 analysis 17 parallel
7 in 8 899
8 899 9 subjects
8 899 16 in
9 subjects 10 indicated
10 indicated 13 decline
10 indicated 14 in
10 indicated 16 in
11 a 13 decline
12 greater 13 decline
14 in 15 egfr
17 parallel 18 with
17 parallel 21 in
18 with 20 increase
19 the 20 increase
21 in 23 ubcr
22 baseline 23 ubcr

after adjustment for possible confounders , a high ubcr was an independent risk factor [for] rapid decline in egfr [[] < - 10 ml/min/1.73 [m] ( 2 ) [;] odds ratio 1.79 ( 95 % confidence interval 1.07 - 2.99 ) , p = 0.026 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 6 ,
1 after 17 decline
2 adjustment 3 for
3 for 5 confounders
4 possible 5 confounders
7 a 8 high
7 a 17 decline
8 high 9 ubcr
9 ubcr 10 was
10 was 12 independent
11 an 12 independent
13 risk 17 decline
14 factor 17 decline
16 rapid 17 decline
17 decline 18 in
17 decline 21 <
18 in 19 egfr
22 - 31 ratio
23 10 31 ratio
24 ml/min/1.73 27 2
24 ml/min/1.73 30 odds
26 ( 27 2
27 2 28 )
30 odds 31 ratio
31 ratio 32 1.79
31 ratio 37 interval
33 ( 37 interval
34 95 35 %
35 % 36 confidence
36 confidence 37 interval
37 interval 38 1.07
37 interval 40 2.99
37 interval 44 =
37 interval 47 .
39 - 40 2.99
40 2.99 41 )
42 , 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.026
44 = 46 ]

conclusion : this study showed that renal tubular damage was common and was an independent risk factor for renal deterioration in the japanese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 12 and
2 : 25 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 12 and
5 showed 9 damage
5 showed 10 was
5 showed 12 and
6 that 7 renal
7 renal 9 damage
8 tubular 9 damage
9 damage 10 was
10 was 11 common
12 and 13 was
12 and 21 in
13 was 17 factor
14 an 17 factor
15 independent 17 factor
16 risk 17 factor
17 factor 18 for
18 for 20 deterioration
19 renal 20 deterioration
21 in 24 population
22 the 24 population
23 japanese 24 population

more attention should be paid to occult renal tubular damage in order to [prevent] end - stage renal disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 paid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 more 2 attention
2 attention 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 paid
5 paid 6 to
6 to 10 damage
7 occult 10 damage
8 renal 10 damage
9 tubular 10 damage
10 damage 11 in
11 in 12 order
12 order 13 to
12 order 15 end
13 to 15 end
16 - 17 stage
17 stage 19 disease
18 renal 19 disease

motor neuron disease ( mnd ) may present as an isolated lower motor neuron ( lmn ) disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 motor 3 disease
2 neuron 3 disease
3 disease 5 mnd
3 disease 7 may
4 ( 5 mnd
5 mnd 6 )
7 may 8 present
8 present 9 as
8 present 18 disorder
9 as 14 neuron
10 an 11 isolated
10 an 14 neuron
11 isolated 13 motor
12 lower 13 motor
13 motor 14 neuron
14 neuron 16 lmn
15 ( 16 lmn
16 lmn 17 )

although the significance of pathological 43 kda transactive responsive sequence dna binding protein ( tdp - 43 ) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) was appreciated only recently , the topographical distribution of tdp - 43 pathology in mnd clinically isolated to the lmn versus normal controls ( cos ) is only incompletely described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 although 3 significance
1 although 27 appreciated
1 although 30 ,
1 although 33 distribution
2 the 3 significance
3 significance 4 of
3 significance 26 was
4 of 11 dna
5 pathological 11 dna
6 43 7 kda
7 kda 11 dna
8 transactive 10 sequence
9 responsive 10 sequence
10 sequence 11 dna
11 dna 12 binding
12 binding 13 protein
12 binding 19 for
13 protein 15 tdp
13 protein 17 43
14 ( 15 tdp
15 tdp 16 -
16 - 17 43
17 43 18 )
19 for 22 sclerosis
20 amyotrophic 22 sclerosis
21 lateral 22 sclerosis
22 sclerosis 24 als
23 ( 24 als
24 als 25 )
26 was 27 appreciated
27 appreciated 28 only
28 only 29 recently
31 the 33 distribution
32 topographical 33 distribution
33 distribution 34 of
33 distribution 37 43
33 distribution 52 is
34 of 35 tdp
36 - 37 43
37 43 38 pathology
37 43 42 isolated
37 43 50 cos
37 43 51 )
38 pathology 39 in
38 pathology 42 isolated
39 in 40 mnd
41 clinically 42 isolated
42 isolated 43 to
43 to 45 lmn
44 the 45 lmn
45 lmn 46 versus
46 versus 48 controls
47 normal 48 controls
49 ( 50 cos
50 cos 51 )
52 is 53 only
52 is 55 described
54 incompletely 55 described

therefore , we performed longitudinal clinical [evaluation] and retrospective chart review of autopsied patients diagnosed with isolated lmn disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 11 review
5 longitudinal 10 chart
6 clinical 8 and
8 and 9 retrospective
8 and 10 chart
10 chart 11 review
11 review 12 of
11 review 16 with
12 of 14 patients
13 autopsied 14 patients
14 patients 15 diagnosed
16 with 19 disease
17 isolated 19 disease
18 lmn 19 disease

cases with a disease duration over 4 years were designated as progressive muscular atrophy ( pma ) , and those with a more rapid course as mnd/lmn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 cases 2 with
1 cases 19 and
2 with 5 duration
3 a 5 duration
4 disease 5 duration
5 duration 8 years
5 duration 10 designated
5 duration 16 pma
6 over 7 4
7 4 8 years
8 years 9 were
9 were 10 designated
10 designated 11 as
11 as 14 atrophy
12 progressive 14 atrophy
13 muscular 14 atrophy
15 ( 16 pma
16 pma 17 )
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 those
19 and 26 as
20 those 21 with
21 with 25 course
22 a 25 course
23 more 24 rapid
24 rapid 25 course
26 as 27 mnd/lmn

immunohistochemistry was employed to identify neuronal and glial tdp - 43 pathology in the central nervous system ( cns ) in patients and cos . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immunohistochemistry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 employed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 immunohistochemistry 2 was
2 was 3 employed
3 employed 4 to
3 employed 5 identify
4 to 5 identify
5 identify 7 and
5 identify 9 tdp
5 identify 21 in
6 neuronal 7 and
7 and 8 glial
9 tdp 12 pathology
10 - 12 pathology
11 43 12 pathology
12 pathology 13 in
12 pathology 20 )
13 in 17 system
14 the 17 system
15 central 17 system
16 nervous 17 system
17 system 19 cns
18 ( 19 cns
19 cns 20 )
21 in 23 and
22 patients 23 and
23 and 24 cos

we examined 19 subjects including six patients ( i.e [.] , four with mnd/lmn and [two] with pma ) and 13 cos . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 20 and
3 19 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 including
4 subjects 20 and
5 including 7 patients
6 six 7 patients
7 patients 9 i.e
7 patients 12 four
8 ( 9 i.e
9 i.e 11 ,
11 , 12 four
12 four 15 and
12 four 19 )
13 with 14 mnd/lmn
13 with 15 and
15 and 17 with
17 with 18 pma
20 and 22 cos
21 13 22 cos

all patients showed significant tdp - 43 linked degeneration of lmns , and five cases showed a lesser degree of motor cortex degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 showed
3 showed 5 tdp
3 showed 13 and
3 showed 16 showed
4 significant 5 tdp
5 tdp 7 43
5 tdp 10 of
6 - 7 43
7 43 8 linked
8 linked 9 degeneration
9 degeneration 10 of
11 lmns 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 cases
13 and 16 showed
14 five 15 cases
16 showed 23 degeneration
17 a 19 degree
18 lesser 19 degree
19 degree 20 of
19 degree 23 degeneration
20 of 23 degeneration
21 motor 22 cortex
22 cortex 23 degeneration

additional brain areas were affected in varying degrees , ranging from predominantly brainstem pathology to significant involvement of the whole cns including neocortical and limbic areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 areas
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affected
1 additional 2 brain
2 brain 3 areas
3 areas 4 were
4 were 5 affected
5 affected 6 in
6 in 7 varying
7 varying 8 degrees
8 degrees 10 ranging
9 , 10 ranging
10 ranging 11 from
10 ranging 15 to
10 ranging 26 areas
10 ranging 27 .
11 from 14 pathology
12 predominantly 13 brainstem
13 brainstem 14 pathology
15 to 17 involvement
16 significant 17 involvement
17 involvement 18 of
18 of 22 including
19 the 22 including
20 whole 22 including
21 cns 22 including
23 neocortical 24 and
24 and 25 limbic
24 and 26 areas

pathological tdp - 43 was present only rarely in the co group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tdp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 pathological 2 tdp
3 - 4 43
3 - 5 was
3 - 13 .
4 43 5 was
5 was 6 present
6 present 7 only
6 present 8 rarely
6 present 9 in
9 in 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 co 12 group

we conclude that mnd limited to the lmn and pma is part of a disease [continuum] that includes als and ftld - tdp , all of which are characterized by widespread tdp - 43 pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 mnd
3 that 11 is
4 mnd 5 limited
4 mnd 11 is
5 limited 6 to
6 to 9 and
7 the 8 lmn
8 lmn 9 and
9 and 10 pma
11 is 20 and
12 part 13 of
12 part 20 and
13 of 15 disease
14 a 15 disease
15 disease 17 that
15 disease 18 includes
17 that 18 includes
18 includes 19 als
20 and 21 ftld
22 - 35 pathology
23 tdp 25 all
23 tdp 35 pathology
24 , 25 all
25 all 26 of
25 all 29 characterized
25 all 33 -
26 of 27 which
26 of 28 are
27 which 28 are
29 characterized 30 by
30 by 32 tdp
31 widespread 32 tdp
34 43 35 pathology

hence , we suggest that the next revision of the el escorial criteria for the diagnosis of als include mnd patients with disease clinically limited to the lmn and pma as variants of als , which like classical als , are tdp - 43 proteinopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 3 we
3 we 4 suggest
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 8 revision
5 that 19 include
6 the 7 next
6 the 8 revision
8 revision 9 of
8 revision 14 for
8 revision 17 of
9 of 13 criteria
10 the 13 criteria
11 el 13 criteria
12 escorial 13 criteria
14 for 16 diagnosis
15 the 16 diagnosis
17 of 18 als
19 include 20 mnd
20 mnd 21 patients
20 mnd 25 limited
21 patients 22 with
21 patients 25 limited
22 with 23 disease
24 clinically 25 limited
25 limited 26 to
26 to 30 pma
27 the 30 pma
28 lmn 29 and
29 and 30 pma
30 pma 31 as
30 pma 33 of
31 as 32 variants
33 of 34 als
35 , 36 which
35 , 37 like
35 , 40 ,
36 which 37 like
37 like 39 als
38 classical 39 als
40 , 41 are
41 are 42 tdp
41 are 45 proteinopathies
43 - 44 43
44 43 45 proteinopathies

objective : to determine the lung age of patients with morbid obesity and to compare it with the chronological age of these patients , emphasizing the premature damage that morbid obesity does to the lungs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 13 and
2 : 24 ,
2 : 36 .
3 to 13 and
4 determine 7 age
4 determine 10 with
4 determine 13 and
5 the 7 age
6 lung 7 age
7 age 8 of
8 of 9 patients
10 with 12 obesity
11 morbid 12 obesity
13 and 14 to
13 and 15 compare
13 and 17 with
14 to 15 compare
15 compare 16 it
17 with 20 age
18 the 20 age
19 chronological 20 age
20 age 21 of
21 of 23 patients
22 these 23 patients
24 , 25 emphasizing
24 , 32 does
25 emphasizing 31 obesity
25 emphasizing 32 does
26 the 31 obesity
27 premature 28 damage
28 damage 31 obesity
29 that 30 morbid
30 morbid 31 obesity
32 does 33 to
33 to 35 lungs
34 the 35 lungs

methods : an open , prospective cross - sectional study comprising 112 individuals : 78 patients with morbid obesity ( study [group] ) ; [and] 34 [non] - obese individuals with normal pulmonary function results ( control [group] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 cross
3 an 7 cross
4 open 5 ,
4 open 7 cross
6 prospective 7 cross
8 - 10 study
8 - 14 :
8 - 24 ;
8 - 28 -
9 sectional 10 study
10 study 11 comprising
10 study 14 :
11 comprising 13 individuals
12 112 13 individuals
14 : 16 patients
14 : 17 with
15 78 16 patients
17 with 19 obesity
18 morbid 19 obesity
19 obesity 21 study
20 ( 21 study
21 study 23 )
24 ; 26 34
28 - 30 individuals
29 obese 30 individuals
30 individuals 31 with
31 with 35 results
32 normal 34 function
33 pulmonary 34 function
34 function 35 results
35 results 37 control
36 ( 37 control
37 control 39 )

all of the patients underwent spirometry for the determination of lung age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 5 underwent
2 of 4 patients
3 the 4 patients
5 underwent 6 spirometry
6 spirometry 7 for
7 for 9 determination
8 the 9 determination
9 determination 10 of
10 of 12 age
11 lung 12 age

the lung age and the chronological age of the individuals in each group were compared in isolation and between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 age
2 lung 3 age
3 age 4 and
4 and 7 age
4 and 8 of
4 and 14 were
5 the 7 age
6 chronological 7 age
8 of 10 individuals
9 the 10 individuals
10 individuals 11 in
11 in 13 group
12 each 13 group
14 were 15 compared
15 compared 18 and
16 in 17 isolation
16 in 18 and
18 and 19 between
19 between 22 groups
20 the 21 two
21 two 22 groups

results : the difference between lung age and chronological age in the group with morbid obesity was significant ( p < 0.0001 ; 95 % ci : 6.6 - 11.9 years ) , the mean difference being 9.1 ± 11.8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 :
2 : 10 age
2 : 17 was
2 : 23 ;
3 the 4 difference
4 difference 5 between
4 difference 8 and
5 between 7 age
6 lung 7 age
8 and 9 chronological
8 and 10 age
10 age 11 in
10 age 17 was
11 in 13 group
12 the 13 group
13 group 14 with
14 with 16 obesity
15 morbid 16 obesity
17 was 18 significant
18 significant 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.0001
21 < 23 ;
23 ; 26 ci
24 95 26 ci
25 % 26 ci
26 ci 27 :
27 : 28 6.6
28 6.6 31 years
28 6.6 36 difference
29 - 31 years
30 11.9 31 years
31 years 32 )
33 , 36 difference
34 the 36 difference
35 mean 36 difference
36 difference 37 being
36 difference 42 .
37 being 41 years
38 9.1 41 years
39 ± 41 years
40 11.8 41 years

the difference between the study group and the control group in terms of lung age was significant ( p < 0.0002 ; 95 % ci : 7.5 - 16.9 years ) , the mean difference being 12.2 ± 2.4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 between
2 difference 7 and
2 difference 10 group
2 difference 16 was
3 between 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 group 7 and
7 and 9 control
7 and 10 group
8 the 9 control
10 group 11 in
11 in 12 terms
12 terms 13 of
13 of 15 age
14 lung 15 age
16 was 17 significant
17 significant 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 21 0.0002
22 ; 25 ci
22 ; 26 :
23 95 25 ci
24 % 25 ci
26 : 27 7.5
27 7.5 30 years
27 7.5 35 difference
28 - 30 years
29 16.9 30 years
30 years 31 )
32 , 35 difference
33 the 35 difference
34 mean 35 difference
35 difference 36 being
35 difference 41 .
36 being 40 years
37 12.2 40 years
38 ± 40 years
39 2.4 40 years

lung age correlated positively with chronological age and body mass index ( bmi ) , whereas it correlated negatively with the spirometric variables ( p < 0.0001 for all ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 lung 2 age
2 age 3 correlated
3 correlated 4 positively
3 correlated 5 with
3 correlated 16 whereas
5 with 8 and
6 chronological 7 age
7 age 8 and
8 and 11 index
8 and 13 bmi
9 body 11 index
10 mass 11 index
12 ( 13 bmi
13 bmi 14 )
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 17 it
16 whereas 18 correlated
16 whereas 30 )
17 it 18 correlated
18 correlated 19 negatively
18 correlated 20 with
18 correlated 28 for
20 with 23 variables
21 the 23 variables
22 spirometric 23 variables
23 variables 26 <
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.0001
28 for 29 all

multiple linear regression analysis identified bmi and chronological age ( p < 0.0001 ) as significant predictors of lung age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 multiple 4 analysis
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 identified
5 identified 7 and
5 identified 12 <
5 identified 15 as
6 bmi 7 and
7 and 9 age
8 chronological 9 age
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.0001
12 < 14 )
15 as 17 predictors
16 significant 17 predictors
17 predictors 18 of
18 of 20 age
19 lung 20 age

conclusions : lung age is increased in patients with morbid obesity , suggesting premature damage and accelerated lung aging , as evidenced by the discrepancy between chronological age and lung age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 age
2 : 22 evidenced
2 : 32 .
3 lung 4 age
4 age 5 is
5 is 6 increased
6 increased 7 in
6 increased 9 with
6 increased 13 suggesting
6 increased 21 as
7 in 8 patients
9 with 11 obesity
10 morbid 11 obesity
12 , 13 suggesting
13 suggesting 16 and
13 suggesting 20 ,
14 premature 15 damage
15 damage 16 and
16 and 18 lung
16 and 19 aging
17 accelerated 18 lung
21 as 22 evidenced
22 evidenced 23 by
22 evidenced 31 age
23 by 29 and
24 the 25 discrepancy
25 discrepancy 26 between
25 discrepancy 29 and
26 between 28 age
27 chronological 28 age
29 and 30 lung

the determination of lung age might become a new tool for understanding pulmonary function results , for patients as well as for health professionals , in relation to obesity control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 determination
2 determination 3 of
2 determination 6 might
3 of 5 age
4 lung 5 age
6 might 7 become
7 become 10 tool
8 a 9 new
8 a 10 tool
9 new 10 tool
10 tool 11 for
11 for 12 understanding
12 understanding 15 results
12 understanding 28 to
13 pulmonary 14 function
14 function 15 results
15 results 17 for
16 , 17 for
17 for 18 patients
17 for 25 ,
18 patients 19 as
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 22 for
22 for 24 professionals
23 health 24 professionals
26 in 27 relation
27 relation 28 to
28 to 30 control
29 obesity 30 control

context : it has been demonstrated that the ageing process affects esophageal motility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 it
2 : 6 demonstrated
2 : 14 .
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 demonstrated
6 demonstrated 7 that
7 that 10 process
7 that 11 affects
8 the 10 process
9 ageing 10 process
10 process 11 affects
11 affects 13 motility
12 esophageal 13 motility

objectives : to evaluate the effect of the age on the proximal esophageal response to wet swallows . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 wet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 effect
4 evaluate 10 on
4 evaluate 15 to
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 9 age
8 the 9 age
10 on 14 response
11 the 14 response
12 proximal 14 response
13 esophageal 14 response
15 to 16 wet
16 wet 17 swallows

method : we measured the proximal esophageal response to swallows of a 5 ml bolus of water in 69 healthy volunteers , 20 of them aged 18 - 30 years ( group i ) , 27 aged 31 - 50 years ( group ii ) , and 22 aged 51 - 74 years ( group iii ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 measured
2 : 35 ,
2 : 39 -
3 we 4 measured
4 measured 8 response
5 the 8 response
6 proximal 8 response
7 esophageal 8 response
8 response 9 to
8 response 11 of
8 response 23 20
9 to 10 swallows
11 of 15 bolus
12 a 15 bolus
13 5 14 ml
14 ml 15 bolus
15 bolus 16 of
16 of 17 water
17 water 18 in
18 in 21 volunteers
19 69 21 volunteers
20 healthy 21 volunteers
22 , 23 20
23 20 24 of
23 20 26 aged
23 20 30 years
23 20 35 ,
24 of 25 them
26 aged 27 18
28 - 30 years
29 30 30 years
30 years 32 group
30 years 34 )
31 ( 32 group
32 group 33 i
32 group 34 )
35 , 36 27
35 , 37 aged
36 27 37 aged
37 aged 38 31
39 - 41 years
39 - 47 and
40 50 41 years
41 years 43 group
42 ( 43 group
43 group 44 ii
43 group 45 )
46 , 47 and
47 and 48 22
47 and 49 aged
48 22 49 aged
49 aged 53 years
50 51 51 -
51 - 52 74
51 - 53 years
53 years 55 group
54 ( 55 group
55 group 56 iii
55 group 57 )

we used the manometric method with continuous perfusion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 5 method
2 used 6 with
3 the 5 method
4 manometric 5 method
6 with 8 perfusion
7 continuous 8 perfusion

the proximal esophageal contractions were recorded 5 cm from a pharyngeal recording site located 1 cm above the upper esophageal sphincter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contractions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 contractions
2 proximal 4 contractions
3 esophageal 4 contractions
4 contractions 5 were
5 were 6 recorded
6 recorded 9 from
7 5 8 cm
8 cm 9 from
9 from 13 site
10 a 11 pharyngeal
10 a 13 site
11 pharyngeal 12 recording
12 recording 13 site
13 site 14 located
14 located 17 above
15 1 16 cm
16 cm 17 above
17 above 21 sphincter
18 the 21 sphincter
19 upper 21 sphincter
20 esophageal 21 sphincter

the time between the onset of the pharyngeal and [of] the proximal esophageal recording ( pharyngeal - esophageal time ) and the amplitude , duration and area under the curve of the proximal esophageal contraction were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 time
2 time 3 between
2 time 9 and
3 between 5 onset
4 the 5 onset
5 onset 6 of
6 of 8 pharyngeal
7 the 8 pharyngeal
9 and 14 recording
9 and 19 time
9 and 21 and
11 the 14 recording
12 proximal 14 recording
13 esophageal 14 recording
15 ( 19 time
16 pharyngeal 17 -
16 pharyngeal 19 time
18 esophageal 19 time
19 time 20 )
21 and 23 amplitude
21 and 24 ,
22 the 23 amplitude
24 , 25 duration
24 , 26 and
26 and 27 area
26 and 31 of
26 and 36 were
27 area 28 under
28 under 30 curve
29 the 30 curve
31 of 35 contraction
32 the 35 contraction
33 proximal 35 contraction
34 esophageal 35 contraction
36 were 37 measured

results : the pharyngeal - esophageal time was shorter in group [i] subjects than in group ii [and] iii subjects ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 7 time
2 : 8 was
3 the 7 time
4 pharyngeal 5 -
4 pharyngeal 7 time
6 esophageal 7 time
7 time 8 was
8 was 9 shorter
9 shorter 10 in
9 shorter 14 than
10 in 13 subjects
11 group 13 subjects
14 than 15 in
15 in 16 group
16 group 17 ii
16 group 19 iii
16 group 20 subjects
16 group 22 p<0.05
19 iii 20 subjects
21 ( 22 p<0.05
22 p<0.05 23 )

the duration of proximal esophageal contractions was longer in group i than in groups ii [and] [iii] ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 duration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 duration
2 duration 3 of
2 duration 7 was
3 of 6 contractions
4 proximal 6 contractions
5 esophageal 6 contractions
7 was 8 longer
8 longer 9 in
8 longer 12 than
9 in 10 group
10 group 11 i
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 groups
14 groups 15 ii
14 groups 19 p<0.001
18 ( 19 p<0.001
19 p<0.001 20 )

there was no differences between groups in the amplitude or area under the curve of contractions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 10 or
3 no 4 differences
4 differences 5 between
4 differences 10 or
5 between 6 groups
6 groups 7 in
7 in 9 amplitude
8 the 9 amplitude
10 or 11 area
10 or 12 under
12 under 14 curve
13 the 14 curve
14 curve 15 of
15 of 16 contractions

there were no differences between groups ii and [iii] for any of the measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 4 differences
3 no 4 differences
4 differences 8 and
5 between 6 groups
5 between 8 and
6 groups 7 ii
8 and 10 for
10 for 11 any
11 any 12 of
12 of 14 measurements
13 the 14 measurements

conclusion : we conclude that the age [may] affects the response of the proximal esophagus to wet swallows . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conclude
2 : 19 .
3 we 4 conclude
4 conclude 5 that
5 that 7 age
5 that 9 affects
6 the 7 age
7 age 9 affects
9 affects 11 response
9 affects 16 to
10 the 11 response
11 response 12 of
12 of 15 esophagus
13 the 15 esophagus
14 proximal 15 esophagus
16 to 17 wet
17 wet 18 swallows

none [the] [incidence] of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 none 4 of
1 none 7 diabetes
4 of 7 diabetes
5 type 7 diabetes
6 2 7 diabetes
7 diabetes 8 is
8 is 9 increasing
9 increasing 10 at
9 increasing 14 throughout
10 at 13 rate
11 an 12 alarming
11 an 13 rate
12 alarming 13 rate
14 throughout 16 world
15 the 16 world

this is in [large] part due to the increase in obesity and the aging of the population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 part
2 is 7 to
2 is 10 in
3 in 5 part
6 due 7 to
7 to 9 increase
8 the 9 increase
10 in 12 and
11 obesity 12 and
12 and 14 aging
13 the 14 aging
14 aging 15 of
15 of 17 population
16 the 17 population

therefore , new medications to combat type 2 diabetes are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 medications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 medications
3 new 4 medications
4 medications 5 to
4 medications 10 are
5 to 9 diabetes
6 combat 9 diabetes
7 type 9 diabetes
8 2 9 diabetes
10 are 11 needed

salicylates have been used as analgesics and antiinflammatory agents for several decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 salicylates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 salicylates 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 used
4 used 5 as
5 as 7 and
6 analgesics 7 and
7 and 9 agents
7 and 10 for
8 antiinflammatory 9 agents
10 for 12 decades
11 several 12 decades

incidentally , in some studies it was noted that high - dose salicylate treatment reduced blood glucose concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 incidentally 2 ,
1 incidentally 6 it
3 in 5 studies
3 in 6 it
4 some 5 studies
6 it 7 was
7 was 18 concentrations
8 noted 12 dose
9 that 10 high
10 high 11 -
10 high 12 dose
12 dose 13 salicylate
13 salicylate 18 concentrations
14 treatment 15 reduced
15 reduced 16 blood
16 blood 18 concentrations
17 glucose 18 concentrations

recently , inflammation has been strongly associated with insulin resistance and diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inflammation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 inflammation
3 inflammation 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 strongly
5 been 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 11 and
9 insulin 10 resistance
10 resistance 11 and
11 and 12 diabetes

some studies show that salsalate , which is a nonacetylated form of salicylate , reduces blood glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes , as well as in insulin - resistant patients without diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 some 2 studies
2 studies 3 show
3 show 5 salsalate
3 show 33 patients
3 show 34 without
4 that 5 salsalate
5 salsalate 7 which
6 , 7 which
7 which 14 ,
7 which 31 -
8 is 11 form
8 is 14 ,
9 a 11 form
10 nonacetylated 11 form
11 form 12 of
12 of 13 salicylate
14 , 15 reduces
14 , 21 with
15 reduces 18 concentrations
15 reduces 19 in
16 blood 17 glucose
17 glucose 18 concentrations
19 in 20 patients
21 with 24 diabetes
22 type 24 diabetes
23 2 24 diabetes
24 diabetes 26 as
25 , 26 as
26 as 27 well
26 as 31 -
27 well 28 as
28 as 29 in
29 in 30 insulin
32 resistant 33 patients
34 without 35 diabetes

postulated mechanisms include the inhibition of nuclear factor nf - kappa - b . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 postulated 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 include
3 include 5 inhibition
4 the 5 inhibition
5 inhibition 6 of
6 of 9 nf
7 nuclear 8 factor
8 factor 9 nf
9 nf 11 kappa
10 - 11 kappa
11 kappa 12 -
12 - 13 b

discussed in this review are the efficacy , safety and mechanisms of salsalate relevant to the treatment of type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 discussed 2 in
1 discussed 5 are
2 in 4 review
3 this 4 review
5 are 10 and
6 the 7 efficacy
7 efficacy 8 ,
8 , 9 safety
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 mechanisms
10 and 12 of
12 of 13 salsalate
13 salsalate 14 relevant
14 relevant 15 to
15 to 17 treatment
16 the 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 of
18 of 21 diabetes
19 type 21 diabetes
20 2 21 diabetes

based on stable integration of recombinant dna into a host genome , transgenic technology has become an important genetic engineering methodology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 technology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 8 into
1 based 12 ,
1 based 14 technology
2 on 4 integration
3 stable 4 integration
4 integration 5 of
5 of 7 dna
6 recombinant 7 dna
8 into 11 genome
9 a 11 genome
10 host 11 genome
13 transgenic 14 technology
14 technology 15 has
15 has 16 become
16 become 21 methodology
17 an 18 important
17 an 21 methodology
18 important 20 engineering
19 genetic 20 engineering
20 engineering 21 methodology

an organism whose genetic characteristics have been altered by the insertion of foreign dna is supposed to exhibit a new phenotype associated with the function of the transgene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 organism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 supposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 an 2 organism
2 organism 3 whose
2 organism 12 of
2 organism 15 is
3 whose 5 characteristics
4 genetic 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 altered
8 altered 9 by
9 by 11 insertion
10 the 11 insertion
12 of 14 dna
13 foreign 14 dna
15 is 16 supposed
16 supposed 17 to
16 supposed 18 exhibit
17 to 18 exhibit
18 exhibit 21 phenotype
19 a 20 new
19 a 21 phenotype
20 new 21 phenotype
21 phenotype 22 associated
22 associated 23 with
23 with 25 function
24 the 25 function
25 function 26 of
26 of 28 transgene
27 the 28 transgene

however , successful insertion may not be sufficient to achieve specific modification of [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 insertion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 insertion
3 successful 4 insertion
4 insertion 5 may
5 may 6 not
5 may 7 be
7 be 8 sufficient
8 sufficient 9 to
8 sufficient 13 of
9 to 10 achieve
10 achieve 12 modification
11 specific 12 modification
12 modification 13 of

in this study we describe a strain of transgenic [mouse] , g7 - 882 , generated by incorporation into the mouse genome of human cav 1.2 α ( 1c ) cdna deprived of 3 ['] - utr to exclude transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 describe
5 describe 7 strain
5 describe 17 by
5 describe 19 into
6 a 7 strain
7 strain 8 of
7 strain 16 generated
8 of 12 g7
9 transgenic 11 ,
9 transgenic 12 g7
12 g7 14 882
13 - 14 882
14 882 15 ,
17 by 18 incorporation
19 into 22 genome
20 the 22 genome
21 mouse 22 genome
22 genome 23 of
23 of 31 cdna
24 human 31 cdna
25 cav 26 1.2
25 cav 31 cdna
27 α 29 1c
27 α 31 cdna
28 ( 29 1c
29 1c 30 )
31 cdna 32 deprived
31 cdna 33 of
31 cdna 38 to
31 cdna 39 exclude
33 of 37 utr
34 3 37 utr
36 - 37 utr
38 to 39 exclude
39 exclude 40 transcription

we found that , in response to chronic infusion of isoproterenol , g7 - 882 develops dilated cardiomyopathy , a misleading " transgenic artifact " compatible with the expected function of the incorporated " correct " transgene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 15 882
3 that 16 develops
4 , 7 to
5 in 6 response
6 response 7 to
7 to 9 infusion
7 to 14 -
7 to 15 882
8 chronic 9 infusion
9 infusion 10 of
10 of 11 isoproterenol
11 isoproterenol 13 g7
12 , 13 g7
13 g7 14 -
15 882 16 develops
16 develops 18 cardiomyopathy
17 dilated 18 cardiomyopathy
18 cardiomyopathy 24 artifact
19 , 24 artifact
20 a 24 artifact
21 misleading 22 "
21 misleading 24 artifact
23 transgenic 24 artifact
24 artifact 25 "
24 artifact 26 compatible
24 artifact 38 .
26 compatible 27 with
27 with 30 function
28 the 30 function
29 expected 30 function
30 function 31 of
31 of 37 transgene
32 the 37 transgene
33 incorporated 34 "
33 incorporated 37 transgene
35 correct 36 "
35 correct 37 transgene

this result illustrates the possibility that even when a functional transgene is expressed , an observed change [in] phenotype may be due to the artifact of " incidental incorporation " leading to misleading conclusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 illustrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 this 2 result
2 result 3 illustrates
3 illustrates 5 possibility
4 the 5 possibility
5 possibility 6 that
5 possibility 21 be
6 that 19 phenotype
6 that 21 be
7 even 8 when
7 even 19 phenotype
8 when 11 transgene
8 when 13 expressed
9 a 10 functional
9 a 11 transgene
10 functional 11 transgene
11 transgene 12 is
12 is 13 expressed
13 expressed 14 ,
15 an 19 phenotype
16 observed 17 change
17 change 19 phenotype
19 phenotype 20 may
20 may 21 be
21 be 23 to
21 be 32 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 25 artifact
24 the 25 artifact
25 artifact 26 of
26 of 27 "
26 of 29 incorporation
28 incidental 29 incorporation
29 incorporation 30 "
29 incorporation 31 leading
32 to 34 conclusions
33 misleading 34 conclusions

to exclude this possibility and thus provide a robust tool [for] exploring biological function , the new transgenic phenotype must be replicated in several independently generated transgenic strains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 to 5 and
2 exclude 4 possibility
2 exclude 5 and
3 this 4 possibility
5 and 7 provide
6 thus 7 provide
7 provide 14 function
8 a 9 robust
8 a 14 function
9 robust 10 tool
10 tool 12 exploring
12 exploring 14 function
13 biological 14 function
15 , 19 phenotype
15 , 22 replicated
16 the 19 phenotype
17 new 19 phenotype
18 transgenic 19 phenotype
19 phenotype 20 must
20 must 21 be
21 be 22 replicated
22 replicated 23 in
23 in 28 strains
24 several 28 strains
25 independently 26 generated
26 generated 28 strains
27 transgenic 28 strains

myocardial capillary density and angiogenesis are impaired during aging but whether growth factor therapy is able to induce functional neovascularization in senescent heart [have] never [been] studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 myocardial 2 capillary
2 capillary 3 density
3 density 4 and
4 and 5 angiogenesis
4 and 6 are
6 are 7 impaired
7 impaired 8 during
8 during 9 aging
10 but 23 heart
10 but 27 studied
11 whether 14 therapy
11 whether 15 is
11 whether 23 heart
12 growth 14 therapy
13 factor 14 therapy
14 therapy 15 is
15 is 16 able
16 able 17 to
16 able 18 induce
17 to 18 induce
18 induce 20 neovascularization
19 functional 20 neovascularization
20 neovascularization 21 in
21 in 22 senescent
23 heart 27 studied
25 never 27 studied

in 3 , 24 , 28 and 32 mo male wistar rats , cardiac hemodynamic measurements indicated heart failure at 28 and 32 mo , associated with left [ventricular] hypertrophy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 hypertrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 3
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 and
2 3 4 24
3 , 4 24
4 24 5 ,
6 28 7 and
7 and 8 32
7 and 30 hypertrophy
8 32 9 mo
9 mo 11 wistar
10 male 11 wistar
11 wistar 16 measurements
11 wistar 27 with
11 wistar 28 left
12 rats 13 ,
12 rats 16 measurements
14 cardiac 16 measurements
15 hemodynamic 16 measurements
16 measurements 17 indicated
16 measurements 25 ,
18 heart 19 failure
18 heart 20 at
18 heart 25 ,
20 at 24 mo
21 28 22 and
22 and 23 32
22 and 24 mo
25 , 26 associated
25 , 27 with

vegf/vegf - r2 , ang - 1 / [a] ng - 2/tie - 2 and ptn levels , quantitated in left ventricle by western blotting and immunohistochemistry , showed that vegf and vegf - r2 levels were specifically decreased during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vegf/vegf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 3 r2
2 - 11 -
3 r2 5 ang
3 r2 10 ng
4 , 5 ang
5 ang 6 -
6 - 10 ng
7 1 10 ng
8 / 10 ng
10 ng 11 -
11 - 12 2/tie
11 - 15 and
11 - 17 levels
11 - 18 ,
12 2/tie 14 2
13 - 14 2
15 and 16 ptn
16 ptn 17 levels
18 , 28 ,
19 quantitated 20 in
19 quantitated 26 and
19 quantitated 28 ,
20 in 21 left
22 ventricle 23 by
22 ventricle 26 and
23 by 25 blotting
24 western 25 blotting
26 and 27 immunohistochemistry
28 , 29 showed
29 showed 30 that
29 showed 31 vegf
29 showed 32 and
32 and 33 vegf
33 vegf 35 r2
34 - 35 r2
35 r2 36 levels
35 r2 40 during
35 r2 41 aging
35 r2 42 .
36 levels 37 were
37 were 39 decreased
38 specifically 39 decreased
39 decreased 40 during

in vitro angiogenesis ± rhvegf - 165 ( 5 and 50 ng/ml ) was measured in aortic segments in 3 d - collagen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rhvegf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 5 rhvegf
3 angiogenesis 5 rhvegf
4 ± 5 rhvegf
5 rhvegf 7 165
5 rhvegf 14 was
6 - 7 165
7 165 12 ng/ml
7 165 13 )
8 ( 12 ng/ml
9 5 10 and
10 and 11 50
10 and 12 ng/ml
12 ng/ml 13 )
14 was 15 measured
15 measured 16 in
15 measured 19 in
15 measured 22 -
15 measured 23 collagen
16 in 18 segments
17 aortic 18 segments
19 in 21 d
20 3 21 d

aortic sprouting was decreased during aging but restored by vegf treatment ( p<0.001 ) , similarly in 3 and 24 mo with 50 ng/mlvegf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aortic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 but
1 aortic 2 sprouting
1 aortic 7 but
3 was 4 decreased
3 was 7 but
4 decreased 5 during
5 during 6 aging
7 but 8 restored
8 restored 9 by
8 restored 11 treatment
8 restored 16 similarly
9 by 10 vegf
11 treatment 13 p<0.001
12 ( 13 p<0.001
13 p<0.001 14 )
15 , 16 similarly
16 similarly 17 in
16 similarly 25 .
17 in 21 mo
18 3 19 and
19 and 20 24
19 and 21 mo
21 mo 22 with
22 with 24 ng/mlvegf
23 50 24 ng/mlvegf

finally , 3 and 24 mo rats were submitted to in vivo intramyocardial rhvegf - 165 ( 10 micrograms ) [or] saline solution injection and angiogenesis [was] measured by spect imaging of the alpha ( [v] )beta ( 3 ) integrin - targeted tracer ( 99 m [ c] - raft - rgd , capillary fluorescence staining in isolated perfused heart and vwf and alpha smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry , 7 and 21 days later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 submitted
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 and
3 3 4 and
4 and 5 24
4 and 8 were
5 24 6 mo
6 mo 7 rats
8 were 9 submitted
9 submitted 10 to
10 to 22 saline
11 in 12 vivo
12 vivo 13 intramyocardial
13 intramyocardial 22 saline
14 rhvegf 16 165
14 rhvegf 20 )
14 rhvegf 22 saline
15 - 16 165
16 165 19 micrograms
16 165 20 )
17 ( 19 micrograms
18 10 19 micrograms
19 micrograms 20 )
22 saline 25 and
22 saline 28 measured
22 saline 29 by
23 solution 24 injection
24 injection 25 and
25 and 26 angiogenesis
25 and 28 measured
29 by 31 imaging
30 spect 31 imaging
31 imaging 32 of
32 of 34 alpha
33 the 34 alpha
34 alpha 42 -
35 ( 42 -
37 )beta 39 3
37 )beta 40 )
37 )beta 41 integrin
38 ( 39 3
39 3 40 )
41 integrin 42 -
42 - 44 tracer
43 targeted 44 tracer
44 tracer 47 m
44 tracer 51 raft
45 ( 47 m
46 99 47 m
47 m 49 c]
49 c] 51 raft
50 - 51 raft
51 raft 63 vwf
52 - 53 rgd
53 rgd 55 capillary
53 rgd 63 vwf
54 , 55 capillary
55 capillary 56 fluorescence
56 fluorescence 57 staining
57 staining 61 heart
58 in 60 perfused
59 isolated 60 perfused
60 perfused 61 heart
61 heart 62 and
63 vwf 68 actin
63 vwf 69 immunohistochemistry
63 vwf 74 days
64 and 68 actin
65 alpha 66 smooth
66 smooth 68 actin
67 muscle 68 actin
69 immunohistochemistry 74 days
70 , 71 7
71 7 72 and
71 7 73 21
73 21 74 days
74 days 75 later

vegf administration increased capillary density in 3 but also in 24 mo rats at days 7 ( +26 [%] , p<0.01 ) and 21 [(] +41 % , p<0.01 ) and arteriolar density at day 21 ( +36 [%] , p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 administration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 vegf 2 administration
2 administration 3 increased
3 increased 31 and
3 increased 34 at
4 capillary 5 density
5 density 8 but
5 density 31 and
6 in 7 3
6 in 8 but
8 but 9 also
8 but 10 in
10 in 13 rats
11 24 12 mo
12 mo 13 rats
13 rats 14 at
13 rats 29 p<0.01
14 at 27 %
15 days 16 7
15 days 18 +26
15 days 23 and
17 ( 18 +26
18 +26 21 p<0.01
18 +26 22 )
20 , 21 p<0.01
21 p<0.01 22 )
23 and 26 +41
23 and 27 %
24 21 26 +41
28 , 29 p<0.01
29 p<0.01 30 )
31 and 33 density
32 arteriolar 33 density
34 at 35 day
35 day 36 21
35 day 38 +36
37 ( 38 +36
38 +36 41 p<0.01
38 +36 42 )
40 , 41 p<0.01
41 p<0.01 42 )

activity of [(] 99 m )tc - raft - rgd and capillary fluorescence labeling indicated that new formed capillaries were functional . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 activity 11 and
2 of 5 m
2 of 11 and
4 99 5 m
6 )tc 11 and
7 - 8 raft
8 raft 9 -
8 raft 11 and
10 rgd 11 and
11 and 13 fluorescence
11 and 14 labeling
11 and 20 were
12 capillary 13 fluorescence
14 labeling 19 capillaries
15 indicated 19 capillaries
16 that 17 new
17 new 19 capillaries
18 formed 19 capillaries
20 were 21 functional

cardiac aging was associated with strong vegf/vegf - r2 pathway downregulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cardiac
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 cardiac 2 aging
1 cardiac 3 was
3 was 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 vegf/vegf
6 strong 7 vegf/vegf
8 - 11 downregulation
8 - 12 .
9 r2 11 downregulation
10 pathway 11 downregulation

vegf - 165 protein therapy was able to induce in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 vegf 2 -
1 vegf 5 therapy
3 165 5 therapy
4 protein 5 therapy
5 therapy 6 was
6 was 7 able
7 able 8 to
7 able 9 induce
8 to 9 induce
9 induce 12 and
9 induce 15 angiogenesis
9 induce 16 during
10 in 11 vitro
11 vitro 12 and
12 and 14 vivo
13 in 14 vivo
16 during 17 aging

in 24 mo hearts , in vivo [angiogenesis] was functional , [sustained] and comparable to neovascularization observed in 3 mo hearts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 mo
1 in 5 ,
2 24 3 mo
4 hearts 5 ,
5 , 9 was
6 in 7 vivo
7 vivo 9 was
9 was 21 hearts
10 functional 13 and
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 comparable
13 and 21 hearts
14 comparable 15 to
15 to 16 neovascularization
16 neovascularization 17 observed
17 observed 18 in
18 in 20 mo
19 3 20 mo

following a critical overview of the active ageing concept [,] [a] thematic decomposition of 42 transcribed interviews with british people aged 72 years and [over] indicates that active ageing is understood in relation to physical , cognitive , psychological and social factors , but that these co - [exist] in complex combinations . 
1 following 9 concept
2 a 3 critical
2 a 9 concept
3 critical 4 overview
4 overview 5 of
5 of 7 active
6 the 7 active
8 ageing 9 concept
9 concept 13 decomposition
9 concept 16 transcribed
9 concept 17 interviews
12 thematic 13 decomposition
13 decomposition 14 of
13 decomposition 16 transcribed
14 of 15 42
17 interviews 18 with
17 interviews 20 people
18 with 19 british
20 people 24 and
21 aged 23 years
21 aged 24 and
22 72 23 years
24 and 26 indicates
24 and 32 in
24 and 34 to
26 indicates 27 that
27 that 29 ageing
27 that 30 is
28 active 29 ageing
29 ageing 30 is
30 is 31 understood
32 in 33 relation
34 to 40 and
35 physical 36 ,
36 , 37 cognitive
36 , 38 ,
38 , 39 psychological
38 , 40 and
40 and 42 factors
40 and 43 ,
40 and 44 but
40 and 46 these
40 and 47 co
40 and 50 in
41 social 42 factors
44 but 45 that
46 these 47 co
48 - 50 in
50 in 52 combinations
50 in 53 .
51 complex 52 combinations

the notion of activity in active ageing is grasped in relation to an active/passive distinction which emphasizes the enhancement or diminishment of concrete powers of activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 notion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 grasped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 notion
2 notion 3 of
2 notion 5 in
2 notion 8 is
3 of 4 activity
5 in 7 ageing
6 active 7 ageing
8 is 9 grasped
9 grasped 12 to
10 in 11 relation
11 relation 12 to
12 to 15 distinction
13 an 14 active/passive
13 an 15 distinction
14 active/passive 15 distinction
15 distinction 16 which
15 distinction 17 emphasizes
15 distinction 22 of
16 which 17 emphasizes
17 emphasizes 20 or
18 the 19 enhancement
19 enhancement 20 or
20 or 21 diminishment
22 of 24 powers
23 concrete 24 powers
24 powers 25 of
25 of 26 activity

a ['] challenge and response ['] framework [is] suggested for future research on active ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 3 challenge
3 challenge 4 and
4 and 7 framework
4 and 9 suggested
5 response 7 framework
9 suggested 10 for
9 suggested 13 on
10 for 12 research
11 future 12 research
13 on 15 ageing
14 active 15 ageing

magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) studies of structural brain development [have] suggested that the limbic system is relatively preserved in comparison to other brain regions with healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 magnetic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 preserved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 magnetic 3 imaging
1 magnetic 7 studies
1 magnetic 8 of
1 magnetic 20 preserved
2 resonance 3 imaging
3 imaging 5 mri
3 imaging 7 studies
4 ( 5 mri
5 mri 6 )
8 of 11 development
9 structural 10 brain
10 brain 11 development
11 development 13 suggested
11 development 14 that
11 development 18 is
14 that 17 system
14 that 18 is
15 the 17 system
16 limbic 17 system
17 system 18 is
18 is 19 relatively
20 preserved 21 in
20 preserved 23 to
20 preserved 26 regions
20 preserved 27 with
21 in 22 comparison
23 to 25 brain
24 other 25 brain
27 with 29 aging
28 healthy 29 aging

the goal of this study was to systematically investigate age - related changes of the limbic system using measures of cortical thickness , volumetric and diffusion characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 9 investigate
7 to 9 investigate
8 systematically 9 investigate
9 investigate 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 changes
12 related 18 using
13 changes 14 of
14 of 17 system
15 the 17 system
16 limbic 17 system
18 using 19 measures
19 measures 20 of
20 of 25 and
21 cortical 22 thickness
22 thickness 23 ,
23 , 24 volumetric
23 , 25 and
25 and 27 characteristics
26 diffusion 27 characteristics

we also investigated if the " relative preservation " concept is consistent across the individual sub - regions of the limbic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 3 investigated
2 also 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 if
4 if 10 concept
4 if 11 is
5 the 6 "
5 the 10 concept
7 relative 8 preservation
8 preservation 9 "
8 preservation 10 concept
10 concept 11 is
11 is 12 consistent
12 consistent 13 across
13 across 16 sub
14 the 16 sub
15 individual 16 sub
17 - 18 regions
18 regions 19 of
19 of 22 system
20 the 22 system
21 limbic 22 system

t1 weighted structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging data from 476 healthy participants from the brain resource international database was used for this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 t1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 weighted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 t1 2 weighted
2 weighted 4 mri
3 structural 4 mri
5 and 9 data
5 and 21 used
6 diffusion 7 tensor
7 tensor 8 imaging
8 imaging 9 data
9 data 10 from
9 data 20 was
10 from 13 participants
11 476 13 participants
12 healthy 13 participants
13 participants 14 from
14 from 19 database
15 the 19 database
16 brain 17 resource
17 resource 18 international
18 international 19 database
20 was 21 used
21 used 22 for
22 for 24 study
23 this 24 study

age - related changes in grey matter ( gm )/white matter ( wm ) volume , cortical thickness , diffusional characteristics for the pericortical wm and for the fiber tracts associated with the limbic regions were quantified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 age 4 changes
1 age 15 volume
2 - 4 changes
3 related 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 14 )
5 in 7 matter
6 grey 7 matter
7 matter 11 matter
8 ( 11 matter
9 gm 11 matter
10 )/white 11 matter
11 matter 13 wm
11 matter 14 )
12 ( 13 wm
13 wm 14 )
16 , 18 thickness
16 , 19 ,
17 cortical 18 thickness
19 , 21 characteristics
19 , 36 were
20 diffusional 21 characteristics
21 characteristics 26 and
21 characteristics 31 associated
21 characteristics 36 were
22 for 25 wm
22 for 26 and
23 the 25 wm
24 pericortical 25 wm
26 and 27 for
27 for 30 tracts
28 the 30 tracts
29 fiber 30 tracts
31 associated 32 with
32 with 35 regions
33 the 35 regions
34 limbic 35 regions
36 were 37 quantified

a regional variability in the aging patterns across the limbic system was present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 variability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 a 2 regional
1 a 3 variability
2 regional 3 variability
3 variability 4 in
3 variability 12 was
4 in 7 patterns
5 the 7 patterns
6 aging 7 patterns
7 patterns 8 across
8 across 11 system
9 the 11 system
10 limbic 11 system
12 was 13 present

four important patterns [of] age - related changes were highlighted for the limbic sub - regions : 1 ..y early maturation of gm with late loss in the hippocampus and amygdala [;] 2 [.] [an] extreme pattern of gm preservation in the entorhinal cortex [;] 3 [.] [a] flat pattern of reduced gm loss in the anterior cingulate and the parahippocampus and [;] 4 [.] accelerated gm loss in the isthmus and posterior cingulate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 four 5 age
2 important 3 patterns
3 patterns 5 age
6 - 8 changes
6 - 15 -
7 related 8 changes
8 changes 9 were
9 were 10 highlighted
10 highlighted 11 for
11 for 14 sub
12 the 14 sub
13 limbic 14 sub
15 - 16 regions
15 - 17 :
15 - 19 ..y
17 : 18 1
18 1 19 ..y
19 ..y 30 and
20 early 21 maturation
21 maturation 22 of
21 maturation 24 with
21 maturation 30 and
22 of 23 gm
24 with 26 loss
25 late 26 loss
26 loss 27 in
27 in 29 hippocampus
28 the 29 hippocampus
30 and 37 pattern
30 and 38 of
30 and 41 in
31 amygdala 36 extreme
33 2 36 extreme
36 extreme 37 pattern
38 of 40 preservation
39 gm 40 preservation
41 in 50 pattern
42 the 50 pattern
43 entorhinal 44 cortex
44 cortex 50 pattern
46 3 49 flat
49 flat 50 pattern
50 pattern 51 of
51 of 59 and
52 reduced 54 loss
53 gm 54 loss
54 loss 55 in
54 loss 59 and
55 in 58 cingulate
56 the 58 cingulate
57 anterior 58 cingulate
59 and 68 loss
60 the 68 loss
61 parahippocampus 62 and
62 and 67 gm
62 and 68 loss
64 4 67 gm
66 accelerated 67 gm
68 loss 69 in
69 in 72 and
70 the 71 isthmus
71 isthmus 72 and
72 and 74 cingulate
72 and 75 .
73 posterior 74 cingulate

the gm volumetric data and cortical thickness measures proved to be internally consistent , while the diffusional measures provided complementary data that seem consistent with the gm trends identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 proved
1 the 4 data
2 gm 4 data
3 volumetric 4 data
4 data 5 and
5 and 8 measures
5 and 9 proved
6 cortical 7 thickness
7 thickness 8 measures
9 proved 10 to
9 proved 11 be
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 internally
11 be 13 consistent
13 consistent 15 while
14 , 15 while
15 while 18 measures
15 while 29 identified
15 while 30 .
16 the 18 measures
17 diffusional 18 measures
18 measures 19 provided
19 provided 21 data
19 provided 25 with
20 complementary 21 data
21 data 22 that
21 data 23 seem
22 that 23 seem
23 seem 24 consistent
25 with 28 trends
25 with 29 identified
26 the 28 trends
27 gm 28 trends

this heterogeneity can be hypothesized to be associated with age - related changes of cognitive [function] [specialized] for that region and direct connections to the other brain regions sub - serving these functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 can
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
1 this 3 can
2 heterogeneity 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 hypothesized
5 hypothesized 6 to
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 changes
12 related 31 serving
12 related 34 .
13 changes 14 of
14 of 23 connections
15 cognitive 18 for
15 cognitive 21 and
18 for 20 region
19 that 20 region
21 and 22 direct
21 and 23 connections
23 connections 24 to
24 to 29 sub
25 the 26 other
26 other 29 sub
27 brain 29 sub
28 regions 29 sub
30 - 31 serving
31 serving 33 functions
31 serving 34 .
32 these 33 functions

[none] background : cognitive impairment is an age - related condition as the rate of cognitive decline [rapidly] increases with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
3 : 5 impairment
3 : 6 is
3 : 10 related
4 cognitive 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 is
6 is 8 age
7 an 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 condition
10 related 12 as
10 related 20 with
12 as 14 rate
13 the 14 rate
14 rate 15 of
15 of 19 increases
16 cognitive 17 decline
17 decline 19 increases
20 with 21 aging

it is especially important to better understand factors involving in cognitive decline [for] [the] countries where the older population is growing rapidly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 involving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 4 important
3 especially 4 important
4 important 5 to
4 important 9 involving
5 to 7 understand
6 better 7 understand
7 understand 8 factors
8 factors 9 involving
9 involving 10 in
9 involving 16 where
9 involving 22 rapidly
10 in 15 countries
11 cognitive 12 decline
12 decline 15 countries
16 where 19 population
16 where 20 is
17 the 19 population
18 older 19 population
19 population 20 is
20 is 21 growing

the aim of this study was to examine the association between socio - demographic and health - related factors and cognitive impairment in the elderly in taiwan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 10 association
9 the 10 association
10 association 11 between
10 association 15 and
11 between 12 socio
13 - 15 and
14 demographic 15 and
15 and 16 health
15 and 17 -
17 - 18 related
18 related 20 and
18 related 23 in
18 related 26 in
18 related 28 .
19 factors 20 and
20 and 22 impairment
21 cognitive 22 impairment
23 in 25 elderly
24 the 25 elderly
26 in 27 taiwan

methods : we analysed data from 2119 persons aged 65 years and over who participated in the 2005 national health interview survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analysed
2 : 23 .
3 we 4 analysed
4 analysed 5 data
5 data 12 and
6 from 11 years
6 from 12 and
7 2119 11 years
8 persons 9 aged
9 aged 11 years
10 65 11 years
12 and 13 over
13 over 14 who
14 who 15 participated
15 participated 16 in
16 in 22 survey
17 the 22 survey
18 2005 19 national
19 national 20 health
20 health 21 interview
21 interview 22 survey

cognitive impairment was defined as having the score of the mini mental state examination lower than 24 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 cognitive 2 impairment
1 cognitive 3 was
1 cognitive 4 defined
2 impairment 3 was
4 defined 5 as
4 defined 8 score
5 as 6 having
7 the 8 score
8 score 9 of
9 of 14 examination
10 the 14 examination
11 mini 12 mental
12 mental 13 state
13 state 14 examination
14 examination 15 lower
15 lower 16 than
16 than 17 24

the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment and variables of socio - demography , chronic diseases , geriatric conditions , lifestyle , and dietary factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 test
2 χ2 3 test
3 test 4 and
4 and 6 logistic
4 and 7 regression
4 and 8 models
4 and 9 were
5 multiple 6 logistic
7 regression 8 models
9 were 10 used
10 used 11 to
10 used 12 evaluate
11 to 12 evaluate
12 evaluate 14 association
12 evaluate 15 between
13 the 14 association
15 between 18 and
16 cognitive 17 impairment
17 impairment 18 and
18 and 19 variables
18 and 20 of
20 of 33 and
21 socio 23 demography
21 socio 27 ,
21 socio 29 conditions
22 - 23 demography
23 demography 26 diseases
23 demography 27 ,
24 , 26 diseases
25 chronic 26 diseases
26 diseases 27 ,
28 geriatric 29 conditions
29 conditions 30 ,
30 , 31 lifestyle
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 factors
34 dietary 35 factors

results : the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 22.2 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
2 : 8 was
2 : 11 .
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 8 was
5 of 7 impairment
6 cognitive 7 impairment
8 was 10 %
9 22.2 10 %

results of multivariate analysis indicated that low education , being single , low social support , lower lipid level , history of stroke [,] physical inactivity , [non] - coffee drinking and poor physical function were associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 results 2 of
1 results 6 that
1 results 7 low
1 results 10 being
1 results 13 low
2 of 4 analysis
3 multivariate 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 indicated
6 that 7 low
7 low 8 education
9 , 10 being
10 being 11 single
10 being 12 ,
13 low 15 support
14 social 15 support
15 support 19 level
16 , 19 level
17 lower 18 lipid
18 lipid 19 level
19 level 21 history
19 level 27 ,
20 , 21 history
21 history 22 of
21 history 27 ,
22 of 26 inactivity
23 stroke 26 inactivity
25 physical 26 inactivity
29 - 32 and
29 - 37 associated
29 - 45 .
30 coffee 31 drinking
30 coffee 32 and
32 and 35 function
32 and 36 were
33 poor 35 function
34 physical 35 function
36 were 37 associated
37 associated 38 with
38 with 41 risk
39 a 41 risk
40 higher 41 risk
41 risk 42 of
42 of 44 impairment
43 cognitive 44 impairment

conclusion : most of the characteristics in relation to cognitive impairment identified in our analysis are potentially modifiable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 characteristics
2 : 16 are
2 : 19 .
3 most 4 of
3 most 6 characteristics
4 of 6 characteristics
5 the 6 characteristics
6 characteristics 9 to
6 characteristics 16 are
7 in 8 relation
8 relation 9 to
9 to 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
11 impairment 12 identified
12 identified 13 in
13 in 15 analysis
14 our 15 analysis
16 are 17 potentially
16 are 18 modifiable

these results suggest that improving lifestyle behaviours such as regular exercise and increased social participation could help prevent or decrease the risk of cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 improving
4 that 7 behaviours
5 improving 6 lifestyle
5 improving 7 behaviours
7 behaviours 9 as
7 behaviours 22 risk
8 such 9 as
9 as 19 or
10 regular 11 exercise
11 exercise 12 and
12 and 14 social
12 and 15 participation
12 and 18 prevent
12 and 19 or
13 increased 14 social
15 participation 16 could
16 could 17 help
17 help 18 prevent
19 or 20 decrease
21 the 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 25 impairment
24 cognitive 25 impairment

further investigations using longitudinal data are needed to clarify our findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 further 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 using
2 investigations 6 are
3 using 5 data
4 longitudinal 5 data
6 are 7 needed
7 needed 8 to
8 to 9 clarify
9 clarify 11 findings
10 our 11 findings

aim : the aim was to determine whether hospital nurses are experiencing physiological strain at work by examining their physiological and behavioural response patterns over 12 - hour shifts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 -
1 aim 2 :
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 was
5 was 6 to
5 was 7 determine
6 to 7 determine
7 determine 8 whether
7 determine 15 at
7 determine 17 by
8 whether 10 nurses
8 whether 11 are
9 hospital 10 nurses
10 nurses 11 are
11 are 12 experiencing
12 experiencing 14 strain
13 physiological 14 strain
15 at 16 work
17 by 18 examining
18 examining 23 response
18 examining 24 patterns
19 their 23 response
20 physiological 21 and
21 and 22 behavioural
21 and 23 response
23 response 24 patterns
24 patterns 26 12
25 over 26 12
27 - 29 shifts
27 - 30 .
28 hour 29 shifts

background : excessive workload for nurses may lead to poor quality of care and high nursing turnover rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 workload
2 : 8 lead
3 excessive 4 workload
4 workload 5 for
4 workload 7 may
5 for 6 nurses
7 may 8 lead
8 lead 9 to
9 to 11 quality
10 poor 11 quality
11 quality 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 care 14 and
14 and 15 high
14 and 16 nursing
16 nursing 18 rates
17 turnover 18 rates

energy expenditure ( ee ) , heart [rate] ( hr [ )(and work pace ( wp ) can be used to examine the physiological impact from the workload . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expenditure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 energy 2 expenditure
2 expenditure 4 ee
2 expenditure 7 heart
2 expenditure 18 can
3 ( 4 ee
4 ee 5 )
6 , 7 heart
7 heart 12 )(and
7 heart 17 )
9 ( 12 )(and
10 hr 12 )(and
12 )(and 14 pace
12 )(and 16 wp
12 )(and 17 )
13 work 14 pace
15 ( 16 wp
16 wp 17 )
18 can 19 be
19 be 20 used
20 used 21 to
20 used 22 examine
21 to 22 examine
22 examine 25 impact
22 examine 26 from
23 the 25 impact
24 physiological 25 impact
26 from 28 workload
27 the 28 workload

methods : a total of 145 nurses wore monitors for one 12 [-] hour day shift to record hr and wp , which were used to calculate ee . 
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 10 for
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
5 of 6 145
6 145 7 nurses
6 145 8 wore
7 nurses 8 wore
8 wore 9 monitors
10 for 16 shift
11 one 16 shift
12 12 16 shift
14 hour 16 shift
15 day 16 shift
16 shift 17 to
16 shift 18 record
17 to 18 record
18 record 21 wp
19 hr 20 and
20 and 21 wp
21 wp 23 which
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 were
23 which 29 .
24 were 25 used
25 used 26 to
25 used 27 calculate
26 to 27 calculate
27 calculate 28 ee

individual and work - related factors were assessed through questionnaires and work logs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 individual 2 and
2 and 3 work
2 and 7 were
4 - 5 related
5 related 6 factors
5 related 7 were
7 were 11 and
8 assessed 10 questionnaires
8 assessed 11 and
9 through 10 questionnaires
11 and 12 work
12 work 13 logs

results : energy expenditure accumulated over the 12 hours reached the ee level of 8 - hour shifts in which individuals work at a moderate physical intensity level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 energy
2 : 10 reached
3 energy 4 expenditure
3 energy 5 accumulated
3 energy 6 over
3 energy 10 reached
4 expenditure 5 accumulated
6 over 9 hours
7 the 8 12
8 12 9 hours
10 reached 13 level
11 the 13 level
12 ee 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 15 8
15 8 18 shifts
16 - 18 shifts
17 hour 18 shifts
18 shifts 19 in
18 shifts 29 .
19 in 20 which
19 in 21 individuals
19 in 22 work
21 individuals 22 work
22 work 23 at
22 work 28 level
23 at 25 moderate
24 a 25 moderate
26 physical 28 level
27 intensity 28 level

the hr data indicated a moderate cardiac stress level throughout the shifts , [despite] which wp decreased after 15.00 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 data
2 hr 3 data
3 data 4 indicated
4 indicated 8 stress
5 a 6 moderate
5 a 8 stress
6 moderate 8 stress
7 cardiac 8 stress
8 stress 9 level
9 level 10 throughout
10 throughout 12 shifts
11 the 12 shifts
13 , 15 which
13 , 17 decreased
15 which 16 wp
16 wp 17 decreased
17 decreased 18 after
18 after 20 hours
19 15.00 20 hours

inadequate work [break] and sleep , family care - giving responsibility and aging may challenge work recovery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 inadequate 2 work
2 work 4 and
4 and 5 sleep
4 and 8 care
6 , 8 care
7 family 8 care
8 care 9 -
9 - 10 giving
9 - 15 challenge
9 - 18 .
10 giving 11 responsibility
10 giving 12 and
10 giving 14 may
12 and 13 aging
14 may 15 challenge
15 challenge 17 recovery
16 work 17 recovery

conclusions : nursing workload of 12 [-] hour shifts has a negative physiological impact on hospital nurses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 nursing
2 : 10 has
2 : 18 .
3 nursing 4 workload
3 nursing 10 has
4 workload 5 of
5 of 9 shifts
6 12 8 hour
8 hour 9 shifts
10 has 14 impact
10 has 15 on
11 a 12 negative
11 a 14 impact
12 negative 14 impact
13 physiological 14 impact
15 on 17 nurses
16 hospital 17 nurses

implications for nursing management : nurse managers need to be aware of the physiological strain experienced by staff nurses , and focus on ensuring sufficient breaks and proper work accommodations for older nurses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 implications 2 for
2 for 3 nursing
3 nursing 4 management
5 : 7 managers
5 : 8 need
5 : 21 and
6 nurse 7 managers
7 managers 8 need
8 need 9 to
8 need 20 ,
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 aware
11 aware 12 of
11 aware 17 by
12 of 15 strain
13 the 15 strain
14 physiological 15 strain
15 strain 16 experienced
17 by 19 nurses
18 staff 19 nurses
21 and 27 and
21 and 29 work
22 focus 23 on
22 focus 27 and
23 on 24 ensuring
24 ensuring 26 breaks
25 sufficient 26 breaks
27 and 28 proper
27 and 29 work
29 work 30 accommodations
29 work 31 for
31 for 33 nurses
32 older 33 nurses

flavonoids are natural , plant - derived compounds which exert diverse biological activities , also valuable neuroprotective actions within the brain [and] currently are intensively studied as agents able to modulate neuronal function and to prevent age - related neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 flavonoids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 flavonoids 2 are
2 are 3 natural
4 , 5 plant
4 , 14 ,
5 plant 7 derived
5 plant 8 compounds
6 - 7 derived
8 compounds 9 which
8 compounds 10 exert
9 which 10 exert
10 exert 13 activities
11 diverse 13 activities
12 biological 13 activities
14 , 15 also
14 , 26 studied
15 also 18 actions
16 valuable 18 actions
17 neuroprotective 18 actions
18 actions 19 within
18 actions 24 are
19 within 21 brain
20 the 21 brain
23 currently 24 are
24 are 25 intensively
24 are 26 studied
26 studied 27 as
27 as 28 agents
28 agents 29 able
29 able 30 to
29 able 34 and
30 to 34 and
31 modulate 33 function
31 modulate 34 and
32 neuronal 33 function
34 and 35 to
34 and 36 prevent
35 to 36 prevent
36 prevent 37 age
37 age 40 neurodegeneration
38 - 40 neurodegeneration
39 related 40 neurodegeneration
40 neurodegeneration 41 .

among them , flavones isolated from scutellaria baicalensis root exhibit strong neuroprotective effects on the brain and [are] not toxic in the broad range of tested doses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 flavones
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 among 2 them
1 among 3 ,
1 among 4 flavones
4 flavones 5 isolated
4 flavones 10 exhibit
5 isolated 6 from
6 from 7 scutellaria
7 scutellaria 8 baicalensis
7 scutellaria 9 root
8 baicalensis 9 root
10 exhibit 13 effects
11 strong 13 effects
12 neuroprotective 13 effects
13 effects 17 and
14 on 16 brain
14 on 17 and
15 the 16 brain
17 and 19 not
17 and 21 in
19 not 20 toxic
21 in 24 range
22 the 24 range
23 broad 24 range
24 range 25 of
25 of 27 doses
26 tested 27 doses

their neuroprotective potential has been shown in both oxidative stress [-] induced and amyloid - beta and alpha - synuclein - induced neuronal death models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 their 3 potential
2 neuroprotective 3 potential
3 potential 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 in
6 shown 17 and
6 shown 22 induced
7 in 8 both
9 oxidative 10 stress
10 stress 12 induced
10 stress 13 and
13 and 16 beta
13 and 17 and
14 amyloid 15 -
14 amyloid 16 beta
17 and 18 alpha
17 and 20 synuclein
17 and 22 induced
19 - 20 synuclein
20 synuclein 21 -
22 induced 25 models
23 neuronal 24 death
24 death 25 models

baicalein , the main flavone present in scutellaria baicalensis root , strongly inhibited aggregation of neuronal amyloidogenic proteins in vitro and induces dissolution of amyloid deposits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 baicalein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 baicalein 5 flavone
1 baicalein 21 and
2 , 5 flavone
3 the 4 main
3 the 5 flavone
5 flavone 6 present
5 flavone 11 ,
6 present 7 in
7 in 8 scutellaria
8 scutellaria 9 baicalensis
8 scutellaria 10 root
9 baicalensis 10 root
12 strongly 13 inhibited
13 inhibited 14 aggregation
13 inhibited 20 vitro
13 inhibited 21 and
14 aggregation 15 of
15 of 18 proteins
16 neuronal 18 proteins
17 amyloidogenic 18 proteins
19 in 20 vitro
21 and 22 induces
22 induces 23 dissolution
23 dissolution 24 of
24 of 26 deposits
25 amyloid 26 deposits

it exerts strong antioxidative and anti - inflammatory activities and also exhibits anti - convulsive , anxiolytic , and mild sedative actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 10 and
2 exerts 3 strong
2 exerts 5 and
2 exerts 10 and
4 antioxidative 5 and
5 and 9 activities
6 anti 7 -
6 anti 9 activities
8 inflammatory 9 activities
10 and 12 exhibits
11 also 12 exhibits
12 exhibits 22 actions
13 anti 14 -
13 anti 21 sedative
15 convulsive 16 ,
16 , 17 anxiolytic
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 mild
19 and 21 sedative
21 sedative 22 actions

importantly , baicalein , and [also] another flavone : oroxylin a , markedly enhanced cognitive and mnestic functions in animal models of aging brains and neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 flavone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 5 and
3 baicalein 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 another
5 and 8 flavone
9 : 10 oroxylin
9 : 12 ,
10 oroxylin 11 a
12 , 25 and
13 markedly 14 enhanced
14 enhanced 18 functions
15 cognitive 16 and
16 and 17 mnestic
16 and 18 functions
18 functions 19 in
18 functions 25 and
19 in 21 models
20 animal 21 models
21 models 22 of
22 of 23 aging
23 aging 24 brains
25 and 26 neurodegeneration

in the preliminary study , wogonin , another flavone from scutellaria baicalensis root , has been shown to stimulate brain tissue regeneration , inducing differentiation of neuronal precursor cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 wogonin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 shown
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 wogonin
2 the 4 study
3 preliminary 4 study
6 wogonin 9 flavone
6 wogonin 15 has
7 , 9 flavone
8 another 9 flavone
9 flavone 10 from
9 flavone 14 ,
10 from 11 scutellaria
11 scutellaria 12 baicalensis
11 scutellaria 13 root
12 baicalensis 13 root
15 has 16 been
16 been 17 shown
17 shown 18 to
18 to 19 stimulate
19 stimulate 22 regeneration
19 stimulate 24 inducing
20 brain 22 regeneration
21 tissue 22 regeneration
23 , 24 inducing
24 inducing 25 differentiation
24 inducing 30 .
25 differentiation 26 of
26 of 29 cells
27 neuronal 28 precursor
28 precursor 29 cells

this concise review provides the main examples of neuroprotective activities of the flavones and reveals their potential in prevention and therapyof neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 3 review
2 concise 3 review
3 review 14 and
3 review 20 and
4 provides 7 examples
4 provides 14 and
5 the 7 examples
6 main 7 examples
7 examples 8 of
7 examples 11 of
8 of 10 activities
9 neuroprotective 10 activities
11 of 13 flavones
12 the 13 flavones
14 and 15 reveals
14 and 17 potential
14 and 18 in
16 their 17 potential
18 in 19 prevention
20 and 23 diseases
21 therapyof 23 diseases
22 neurodegenerative 23 diseases

age - related dementias such as alzheimer disease ( ad ) have been linked to vascular disorders like hypertension [,] diabetes and atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dementias
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 dementias
3 related 4 dementias
4 dementias 6 as
4 dementias 12 have
5 such 6 as
6 as 8 disease
7 alzheimer 8 disease
8 disease 10 ad
9 ( 10 ad
10 ad 11 )
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 linked
14 linked 15 to
14 linked 18 like
15 to 17 disorders
16 vascular 17 disorders
18 like 22 and
19 hypertension 21 diabetes
21 diabetes 22 and
22 and 23 atherosclerosis

these risk factors cause ischemia , inflammation , oxidative damage and consequently reperfusion , which is largely due to reactive oxygen species ( ros [ )(that are believed to induce mitochondrial damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 these 3 factors
2 risk 3 factors
3 factors 4 cause
4 cause 11 and
5 ischemia 6 ,
5 ischemia 7 inflammation
7 inflammation 8 ,
8 , 10 damage
8 , 11 and
9 oxidative 10 damage
11 and 12 consequently
11 and 13 reperfusion
11 and 14 ,
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 is
15 which 16 is
16 is 17 largely
16 is 19 to
18 due 19 to
19 to 22 species
20 reactive 21 oxygen
21 oxygen 22 species
22 species 24 ros
23 ( 24 ros
24 ros 26 )(that
24 ros 27 are
24 ros 33 .
26 )(that 27 are
27 are 28 believed
28 believed 29 to
28 believed 30 induce
29 to 30 induce
30 induce 32 damage
31 mitochondrial 32 damage

at higher concentrations , ros can cause cell injury and death which occurs during the aging process , where oxidative stress is incremented due to an accelerated generation of ros and a gradual decline in cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ros
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cause
1 at 3 concentrations
1 at 4 ,
1 at 5 ros
2 higher 3 concentrations
5 ros 6 can
6 can 7 cause
7 cause 10 and
8 cell 9 injury
9 injury 10 and
10 and 11 death
10 and 12 which
10 and 13 occurs
10 and 19 where
12 which 13 occurs
13 occurs 14 during
14 during 17 process
15 the 17 process
16 aging 17 process
18 , 19 where
19 where 21 stress
19 where 23 incremented
19 where 40 .
20 oxidative 21 stress
21 stress 22 is
22 is 23 incremented
23 incremented 25 to
23 incremented 35 in
24 due 25 to
25 to 28 generation
26 an 28 generation
27 accelerated 28 generation
28 generation 29 of
29 of 31 and
30 ros 31 and
31 and 34 decline
32 a 34 decline
33 gradual 34 decline
35 in 39 mechanisms
36 cellular 38 defense
37 antioxidant 38 defense
38 defense 39 mechanisms

neuronal mitochondria are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their role in energy supply and use , causing a cascade of debilitating factors such as the production of giant [and/or] vulnerable young mitochondrion who ['s] dna has been compromised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 neuronal 2 mitochondria
2 mitochondria 3 are
3 are 4 especially
3 are 16 and
5 vulnerable 6 to
5 vulnerable 10 to
5 vulnerable 13 in
5 vulnerable 16 and
6 to 8 stress
7 oxidative 8 stress
9 due 10 to
10 to 12 role
11 their 12 role
13 in 15 supply
14 energy 15 supply
16 and 17 use
18 , 19 causing
18 , 40 compromised
19 causing 21 cascade
19 causing 40 compromised
20 a 21 cascade
21 cascade 22 of
21 cascade 29 of
22 of 23 debilitating
23 debilitating 24 factors
24 factors 26 as
25 such 26 as
26 as 28 production
27 the 28 production
29 of 34 mitochondrion
30 giant 34 mitochondrion
32 vulnerable 34 mitochondrion
33 young 34 mitochondrion
34 mitochondrion 35 who
34 mitochondrion 39 been
35 who 37 dna
35 who 39 been
37 dna 38 has
38 has 39 been

therefore , mitochondria specific antioxidants such as acetyl - l - carnitine and r - [alphalipoic] [acid] seem to be potential treatments for ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 antioxidants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 5 antioxidants
3 mitochondria 5 antioxidants
4 specific 5 antioxidants
5 antioxidants 7 as
5 antioxidants 13 and
5 antioxidants 18 seem
6 such 7 as
7 as 8 acetyl
8 acetyl 10 l
9 - 10 l
10 l 11 -
11 - 13 and
12 carnitine 13 and
13 and 14 r
13 and 15 -
18 seem 19 to
18 seem 20 be
19 to 20 be
20 be 22 treatments
21 potential 22 treatments
22 treatments 23 for
23 for 24 ad

they target the factors that damage mitochondria and reverse its effect , thus eliminating the imbalance seen in energy production and amyloid beta oxidation [and] making these antioxidants very powerful alternate strategies for the treatment of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 they 8 and
2 target 4 factors
2 target 8 and
3 the 4 factors
4 factors 5 that
4 factors 6 damage
5 that 6 damage
6 damage 7 mitochondria
8 and 9 reverse
9 reverse 11 effect
10 its 11 effect
12 , 14 eliminating
12 , 28 antioxidants
13 thus 14 eliminating
14 eliminating 16 imbalance
14 eliminating 18 in
14 eliminating 28 antioxidants
15 the 16 imbalance
16 imbalance 17 seen
18 in 21 and
19 energy 20 production
20 production 21 and
21 and 24 oxidation
21 and 26 making
22 amyloid 24 oxidation
23 beta 24 oxidation
26 making 27 these
28 antioxidants 32 strategies
28 antioxidants 33 for
29 very 30 powerful
30 powerful 32 strategies
31 alternate 32 strategies
33 for 35 treatment
34 the 35 treatment
35 treatment 36 of
36 of 37 ad

changes in regional activity levels and network connectivity occur across the lifespan within the default mode network ( dmn ) of resting brain [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 9 occur
2 in 6 and
3 regional 4 activity
4 activity 5 levels
5 levels 6 and
6 and 8 connectivity
7 network 8 connectivity
9 occur 10 across
9 occur 13 within
10 across 12 lifespan
11 the 12 lifespan
13 within 17 network
14 the 17 network
15 default 16 mode
16 mode 17 network
17 network 19 dmn
17 network 21 of
18 ( 19 dmn
19 dmn 20 )
21 of 23 brain
22 resting 23 brain

changes with age are noted in most components of the dmn , especially in medial frontal/anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate/precuneus regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 noted
1 changes 2 with
1 changes 4 are
2 with 3 age
4 are 5 noted
5 noted 6 in
6 in 8 components
7 most 8 components
8 components 9 of
8 components 14 in
9 of 11 dmn
10 the 11 dmn
12 , 13 especially
12 , 14 in
14 in 18 and
14 in 22 .
15 medial 16 frontal/anterior
16 frontal/anterior 17 cingulate
17 cingulate 18 and
18 and 21 regions
19 posterior 21 regions
20 cingulate/precuneus 21 regions

individuals with age - related disease such as mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) demonstrate additional default - related changes particularly in posterior cingulate/precuneus and hippocampal regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 individuals 2 with
1 individuals 15 and
2 with 3 age
3 age 6 disease
4 - 6 disease
5 related 6 disease
6 disease 8 as
6 disease 14 )
7 such 8 as
8 as 11 impairment
9 mild 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
11 impairment 13 mci
12 ( 13 mci
13 mci 14 )
15 and 18 disease
15 and 20 ad
15 and 22 demonstrate
16 alzheimer 17 's
17 's 18 disease
19 ( 20 ad
20 ad 21 )
22 demonstrate 24 default
23 additional 24 default
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 changes
26 related 28 particularly
26 related 35 .
28 particularly 29 in
29 in 32 and
30 posterior 31 cingulate/precuneus
31 cingulate/precuneus 32 and
32 and 34 regions
33 hippocampal 34 regions

as these regions are areas of known pathologic change in both normal aging and age - related disease , examining dmn activity may allow future studies to more fully assess the relationship between pathology and function in these regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 as 3 regions
1 as 4 are
1 as 14 and
2 these 3 regions
3 regions 4 are
4 are 5 areas
5 areas 6 of
6 of 9 change
7 known 9 change
8 pathologic 9 change
10 in 11 both
10 in 14 and
12 normal 13 aging
12 normal 14 and
14 and 15 age
14 and 24 allow
15 age 20 examining
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 disease
17 related 19 ,
17 related 20 examining
20 examining 22 activity
20 examining 23 may
21 dmn 22 activity
22 activity 23 may
24 allow 26 studies
24 allow 27 to
24 allow 35 and
25 future 26 studies
27 to 35 and
28 more 29 fully
29 fully 30 assess
30 assess 32 relationship
30 assess 35 and
31 the 32 relationship
32 relationship 33 between
33 between 34 pathology
35 and 36 function
35 and 39 regions
36 function 37 in
37 in 38 these

the ability to form this structure [-] function link could allow us to determine critical factors involved in the decline or preservation [of] function in the presence of age - related neuropathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 related
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 to
2 ability 4 form
2 ability 10 could
3 to 4 form
4 form 9 link
5 this 9 link
6 structure 9 link
8 function 9 link
10 could 11 allow
11 allow 12 us
11 allow 13 to
13 to 14 determine
14 determine 16 factors
14 determine 24 function
15 critical 16 factors
16 factors 17 involved
16 factors 24 function
17 involved 18 in
18 in 21 or
19 the 20 decline
20 decline 21 or
21 or 22 preservation
24 function 25 in
25 in 27 presence
26 the 27 presence
27 presence 28 of
28 of 29 age
30 - 31 related
31 related 32 neuropathology
31 related 33 .

neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles , the neuropathological hallmarks of ad , are not limited to individuals with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neuritic 2 plaques
2 plaques 3 and
3 and 5 tangles
3 and 9 hallmarks
3 and 13 are
4 neurofibrillary 5 tangles
6 , 9 hallmarks
7 the 9 hallmarks
8 neuropathological 9 hallmarks
9 hallmarks 10 of
9 hallmarks 12 ,
10 of 11 ad
13 are 14 not
13 are 16 to
13 are 18 with
14 not 15 limited
16 to 17 individuals
18 with 19 dementia

these pathologic changes can also be present in the brains of cognitively normal older adults - a condition we defined as asymptomatic ad ( asymad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 3 changes
2 pathologic 3 changes
3 changes 4 can
4 can 6 be
5 also 6 be
6 be 7 present
7 present 8 in
8 in 10 brains
9 the 10 brains
10 brains 11 of
11 of 15 adults
12 cognitively 13 normal
13 normal 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 18 condition
16 - 18 condition
17 a 18 condition
18 condition 19 we
18 condition 20 defined
18 condition 26 )
19 we 20 defined
20 defined 21 as
21 as 25 asymad
22 asymptomatic 23 ad
23 ad 25 asymad
24 ( 25 asymad

although it remains unclear whether these individuals would remain clinically normal with longer survival , they seem to be able to compensate [for] or delay the appearance of dementia symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 2 it
1 although 3 remains
1 although 15 ,
1 although 16 they
2 it 3 remains
3 remains 4 unclear
4 unclear 5 whether
5 whether 7 individuals
5 whether 9 remain
6 these 7 individuals
7 individuals 8 would
8 would 9 remain
9 remain 10 clinically
9 remain 11 normal
11 normal 12 with
12 with 14 survival
13 longer 14 survival
16 they 24 or
17 seem 18 to
17 seem 19 be
17 seem 24 or
18 to 19 be
19 be 20 able
20 able 21 to
20 able 22 compensate
21 to 22 compensate
24 or 25 delay
25 delay 27 appearance
26 the 27 appearance
27 appearance 28 of
28 of 30 symptoms
29 dementia 30 symptoms

here , we provide a historical background and highlight the combined clinical , pathologic and morphometric evidence related to asymad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 8 and
4 provide 7 background
4 provide 8 and
5 a 6 historical
5 a 7 background
6 historical 7 background
8 and 9 highlight
8 and 17 evidence
10 the 17 evidence
11 combined 17 evidence
12 clinical 13 ,
13 , 14 pathologic
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 morphometric
15 and 17 evidence
17 evidence 18 related
18 related 19 to
19 to 20 asymad

understanding the nature of changes during this apparently asymptomatic state may shed light on the mechanisms that forestall the progression of the disease and allow for maintenance of cognitive health , an important area of research that has been understudied relative to the identification of risks and pathways to negative health outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 shed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 understanding 3 nature
1 understanding 11 may
1 understanding 12 shed
2 the 3 nature
3 nature 4 of
3 nature 11 may
4 of 5 changes
5 changes 6 during
6 during 10 state
7 this 10 state
8 apparently 9 asymptomatic
9 asymptomatic 10 state
12 shed 13 light
12 shed 14 on
14 on 16 mechanisms
15 the 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 that
16 mechanisms 24 and
17 that 24 and
18 forestall 20 progression
18 forestall 24 and
19 the 20 progression
20 progression 21 of
21 of 23 disease
22 the 23 disease
24 and 26 for
25 allow 26 for
26 for 47 and
26 for 49 to
27 maintenance 28 of
27 maintenance 31 ,
28 of 30 health
29 cognitive 30 health
31 , 34 area
31 , 47 and
32 an 33 important
32 an 34 area
33 important 34 area
34 area 35 of
34 area 45 of
35 of 36 research
36 research 37 that
36 research 38 has
37 that 38 has
38 has 39 been
39 been 40 understudied
40 understudied 41 relative
41 relative 42 to
42 to 44 identification
43 the 44 identification
45 of 46 risks
47 and 48 pathways
49 to 50 negative
50 negative 52 outcomes
51 health 52 outcomes

pet imaging agents such as pittsburgh compound b ( pib ) allow detection of fibrillar β - amyloid ( aβ ) in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 allow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 pet 2 imaging
1 pet 12 allow
2 imaging 3 agents
3 agents 5 as
4 such 5 as
5 as 7 compound
6 pittsburgh 7 compound
7 compound 8 b
7 compound 10 pib
9 ( 10 pib
10 pib 11 )
12 allow 13 detection
12 allow 23 vivo
13 detection 14 of
14 of 18 amyloid
15 fibrillar 18 amyloid
16 β 17 -
16 β 18 amyloid
18 amyloid 20 aβ
19 ( 20 aβ
20 aβ 21 )
22 in 23 vivo

in addition to quantification of aβ deposition in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer 's disease , pib has also increased our understanding of aβ deposition in older adults without cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 pib
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 16 ,
1 in 17 pib
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 5 of
2 addition 8 in
3 to 4 quantification
5 of 7 deposition
6 aβ 7 deposition
8 in 12 and
9 mild 11 impairment
10 cognitive 11 impairment
11 impairment 12 and
12 and 15 disease
13 alzheimer 14 's
14 's 15 disease
17 pib 18 has
18 has 20 increased
19 also 20 increased
20 increased 22 understanding
20 increased 29 without
21 our 22 understanding
22 understanding 23 of
23 of 25 deposition
24 aβ 25 deposition
25 deposition 26 in
26 in 28 adults
27 older 28 adults
29 without 31 impairment
30 cognitive 31 impairment

in vivo aβ deposition has been studied in relation to genotype , structural and functional brain changes , as well as alterations in biomarker levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deposition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 vivo
2 vivo 4 deposition
3 aβ 4 deposition
4 deposition 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 studied
7 studied 8 in
7 studied 20 well
7 studied 21 as
8 in 9 relation
9 relation 10 to
9 relation 11 genotype
9 relation 17 changes
10 to 11 genotype
12 , 17 changes
13 structural 14 and
14 and 15 functional
14 and 17 changes
16 brain 17 changes
17 changes 18 ,
19 as 20 well
21 as 22 alterations
21 as 23 in
23 in 25 levels
24 biomarker 25 levels

to date , several studies have reported changes in aβ burden over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 studies
3 , 7 reported
4 several 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 reported
7 reported 8 changes
7 reported 9 in
7 reported 12 over
9 in 11 burden
10 aβ 11 burden
12 over 13 time

this , together [with] investigation of the relationship between aβ deposition and cognition , sets the stage for elucidation of the temporal sequence of the neurobiological events leading to [cognitive] decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 , 5 investigation
2 , 15 sets
3 together 5 investigation
5 investigation 6 of
5 investigation 9 between
5 investigation 15 sets
6 of 8 relationship
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 12 and
10 aβ 11 deposition
11 deposition 12 and
12 and 13 cognition
12 and 14 ,
15 sets 17 stage
16 the 17 stage
17 stage 18 for
17 stage 28 leading
18 for 19 elucidation
19 elucidation 20 of
20 of 23 sequence
21 the 23 sequence
22 temporal 23 sequence
23 sequence 24 of
24 of 27 events
25 the 27 events
26 neurobiological 27 events
28 leading 29 to
29 to 31 decline

furthermore , correlation [of] aβ levels detected by pib pet and those obtained [from] [biopsy] or postmortem specimens will allow more rigorous quantitative interpretation of pib pet data in relation [to] neuropathological evaluation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 detected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 6 levels
3 correlation 6 levels
5 aβ 6 levels
6 levels 7 detected
7 detected 8 by
7 detected 11 and
8 by 9 pib
10 pet 11 and
11 and 33 evaluation
12 those 13 obtained
12 those 16 or
16 or 17 postmortem
16 or 18 specimens
16 or 29 in
16 or 30 relation
18 specimens 19 will
19 will 20 allow
20 allow 24 interpretation
20 allow 28 data
20 allow 29 in
21 more 22 rigorous
22 rigorous 24 interpretation
23 quantitative 24 interpretation
24 interpretation 25 of
25 of 27 pet
26 pib 27 pet
30 relation 33 evaluation
32 neuropathological 33 evaluation

since the first human study in 2004 , in vivo amyloid imaging has led to advances in our understanding of the role of aβ deposition in human aging and cognitive decline , as well as provided new tools for patient selection and therapeutic monitoring in clinical trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 since 5 study
1 since 8 ,
1 since 12 imaging
2 the 3 first
2 the 5 study
4 human 5 study
5 study 6 in
6 in 7 2004
9 in 10 vivo
10 vivo 12 imaging
11 amyloid 12 imaging
12 imaging 13 has
13 has 14 led
14 led 15 to
14 led 17 in
14 led 25 deposition
14 led 26 in
14 led 35 as
15 to 16 advances
17 in 19 understanding
18 our 19 understanding
19 understanding 20 of
19 understanding 23 of
20 of 22 role
21 the 22 role
23 of 24 aβ
26 in 29 and
27 human 28 aging
27 human 29 and
29 and 31 decline
29 and 32 ,
30 cognitive 31 decline
33 as 34 well
34 well 35 as
35 as 42 and
36 provided 38 tools
37 new 38 tools
38 tools 39 for
38 tools 42 and
39 for 41 selection
40 patient 41 selection
42 and 44 monitoring
42 and 45 in
43 therapeutic 44 monitoring
45 in 47 trials
46 clinical 47 trials

it is increasingly recognized that the correlation between neuropathological lesions and cognition is modest and accounts for about a quarter of the variance of cognition among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 15 and
3 increasingly 4 recognized
4 recognized 5 that
4 recognized 15 and
5 that 7 correlation
5 that 13 is
6 the 7 correlation
7 correlation 8 between
7 correlation 13 is
8 between 11 and
9 neuropathological 10 lesions
10 lesions 11 and
11 and 12 cognition
13 is 14 modest
15 and 16 accounts
15 and 17 for
15 and 26 among
17 for 20 quarter
18 about 20 quarter
19 a 20 quarter
20 quarter 21 of
21 of 23 variance
22 the 23 variance
23 variance 24 of
24 of 25 cognition
26 among 28 adults
27 older 28 adults

some individuals maintain normal cognitive functioning amidst significant brain pathology , while others suffer varying degrees of cognitive and neurological deterioration that render them dependent and frail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 maintain
1 some 2 individuals
2 individuals 3 maintain
3 maintain 6 functioning
3 maintain 7 amidst
3 maintain 12 while
4 normal 6 functioning
5 cognitive 6 functioning
7 amidst 10 pathology
8 significant 9 brain
9 brain 10 pathology
11 , 12 while
12 while 13 others
12 while 14 suffer
12 while 28 .
13 others 14 suffer
14 suffer 16 degrees
14 suffer 26 and
15 varying 16 degrees
16 degrees 17 of
16 degrees 22 that
16 degrees 23 render
17 of 21 deterioration
18 cognitive 19 and
19 and 20 neurological
19 and 21 deterioration
22 that 23 render
23 render 24 them
25 dependent 26 and
26 and 27 frail

we present data from the religious orders study and the memory and aging project pertaining to pathology and cognition , and propose a paradigm shift in consideration of the neurobiology of healthy aging and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 shift
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 21 and
2 present 3 data
2 present 4 from
2 present 16 to
2 present 21 and
4 from 12 and
5 the 8 study
6 religious 7 orders
7 orders 8 study
8 study 9 and
9 and 11 memory
9 and 12 and
10 the 11 memory
12 and 14 project
12 and 15 pertaining
13 aging 14 project
16 to 18 and
17 pathology 18 and
18 and 19 cognition
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 propose
22 propose 24 paradigm
22 propose 25 shift
23 a 24 paradigm
25 shift 26 in
26 in 27 consideration
27 consideration 28 of
28 of 30 neurobiology
29 the 30 neurobiology
30 neurobiology 31 of
31 of 34 and
32 healthy 33 aging
32 healthy 34 and
34 and 35 dementia

factors that [modify] [or] mediate the association between neuropathology and cognition are also discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 factors 2 that
1 factors 5 mediate
1 factors 12 are
2 that 5 mediate
5 mediate 7 association
5 mediate 8 between
6 the 7 association
8 between 10 and
9 neuropathology 10 and
10 and 11 cognition
12 are 14 discussed
13 also 14 discussed

it is hypothesized that the concept of resilient aging can serve as a useful entity in understanding mechanisms that underlie healthy aging amidst disease - related pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 hypothesized
3 hypothesized 4 that
4 that 6 concept
4 that 11 serve
5 the 6 concept
6 concept 7 of
6 concept 10 can
7 of 9 aging
8 resilient 9 aging
10 can 11 serve
11 serve 12 as
11 serve 16 in
12 as 15 entity
13 a 15 entity
14 useful 15 entity
16 in 17 understanding
17 understanding 18 mechanisms
17 understanding 23 amidst
18 mechanisms 19 that
18 mechanisms 20 underlie
19 that 20 underlie
20 underlie 22 aging
21 healthy 22 aging
23 amidst 24 disease
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 pathology
26 related 28 .

cognitive reserve explains why those with higher iq , education , occupational attainment , or participation in leisure activities evidence less severe clinical or cognitive changes in the presence of age - related or alzheimer 's disease pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 cognitive 2 reserve
2 reserve 3 explains
3 explains 4 why
4 why 5 those
4 why 20 evidence
5 those 6 with
5 those 20 evidence
6 with 15 or
7 higher 8 iq
8 iq 9 ,
9 , 10 education
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 attainment
11 , 15 or
12 occupational 13 attainment
14 , 15 or
15 or 16 participation
15 or 17 in
17 in 19 activities
18 leisure 19 activities
20 evidence 38 pathology
21 less 22 severe
22 severe 38 pathology
23 clinical 24 or
24 or 26 changes
24 or 32 -
24 or 33 related
24 or 34 or
25 cognitive 26 changes
26 changes 27 in
26 changes 30 of
27 in 29 presence
28 the 29 presence
30 of 31 age
34 or 37 disease
34 or 38 pathology
35 alzheimer 36 's
36 's 37 disease

specifically , the cognitive reserve hypothesis is that individual differences in [how] tasks [are] processed provide reserve against brain pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 6 hypothesis
3 the 6 hypothesis
4 cognitive 5 reserve
5 reserve 6 hypothesis
6 hypothesis 7 is
7 is 8 that
8 that 10 differences
8 that 16 provide
9 individual 10 differences
10 differences 11 in
10 differences 16 provide
11 in 13 tasks
13 tasks 15 processed
16 provide 17 reserve
16 provide 18 against
18 against 20 pathology
19 brain 20 pathology

cognitive reserve may allow for more flexible strategy usage , an ability thought to be captured by executive functions tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 cognitive 2 reserve
2 reserve 3 may
3 may 5 for
4 allow 5 for
5 for 9 usage
6 more 9 usage
7 flexible 8 strategy
8 strategy 9 usage
10 , 12 ability
10 , 20 tasks
11 an 12 ability
12 ability 13 thought
12 ability 14 to
12 ability 16 captured
12 ability 20 tasks
14 to 15 be
15 be 16 captured
16 captured 17 by
17 by 19 functions
18 executive 19 functions

additionally , cognitive reserve allows individuals greater neural efficiency , greater neural capacity , and the ability for compensation via the recruitment of additional brain regions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 allows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 reserve
3 cognitive 4 reserve
4 reserve 5 allows
5 allows 6 individuals
5 allows 9 efficiency
5 allows 15 and
7 greater 9 efficiency
8 neural 9 efficiency
9 efficiency 13 capacity
10 , 13 capacity
11 greater 13 capacity
12 neural 13 capacity
13 capacity 14 ,
15 and 17 ability
15 and 26 regions
16 the 17 ability
17 ability 18 for
17 ability 20 via
18 for 19 compensation
20 via 22 recruitment
21 the 22 recruitment
22 recruitment 23 of
23 of 25 brain
24 additional 25 brain

taking cognitive reserve into account may allow for earlier detection and better characterization of age - related cognitive changes and alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 taking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 taking 3 reserve
1 taking 5 account
1 taking 6 may
2 cognitive 3 reserve
4 into 5 account
6 may 8 for
7 allow 8 for
8 for 13 characterization
9 earlier 13 characterization
10 detection 11 and
11 and 12 better
11 and 13 characterization
13 characterization 14 of
14 of 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 20 and
17 related 24 .
18 cognitive 19 changes
19 changes 20 and
20 and 23 disease
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 23 disease

importantly , cognitive reserve is not fixed but continues to evolve across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 4 reserve
3 cognitive 4 reserve
4 reserve 8 but
5 is 6 not
5 is 7 fixed
5 is 8 but
8 but 9 continues
9 continues 10 to
9 continues 11 evolve
10 to 11 evolve
11 evolve 12 across
12 across 14 lifespan
13 the 14 lifespan

thus , even late - stage interventions [hold] promise to boost cognitive reserve and thus reduce the prevalence of alzheimer 's disease and other age - related problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 related
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 even
3 even 7 interventions
4 late 5 -
4 late 7 interventions
6 stage 7 interventions
7 interventions 14 and
9 promise 10 to
9 promise 11 boost
9 promise 14 and
10 to 11 boost
11 boost 13 reserve
12 cognitive 13 reserve
14 and 16 reduce
14 and 23 and
15 thus 16 reduce
17 the 23 and
18 prevalence 19 of
18 prevalence 23 and
19 of 22 disease
20 alzheimer 21 's
21 's 22 disease
23 and 25 age
24 other 25 age
26 - 27 related
27 related 28 problems
27 related 29 .

diabetic neuropathy is the third most common complication of diabetes mellitus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neuropathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 diabetic 2 neuropathy
2 neuropathy 3 is
3 is 8 complication
4 the 5 third
4 the 8 complication
6 most 7 common
7 common 8 complication
8 complication 9 of
9 of 11 mellitus
10 diabetes 11 mellitus

when this neuropathy is accompanied by pain , it requires a specific treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 when 3 neuropathy
1 when 5 accompanied
1 when 8 ,
1 when 9 it
2 this 3 neuropathy
3 neuropathy 4 is
4 is 5 accompanied
5 accompanied 6 by
6 by 7 pain
9 it 10 requires
10 requires 13 treatment
11 a 12 specific
11 a 13 treatment
12 specific 13 treatment

in the elderly patient , the pain has an enormous impact on quality of life , as it is associated with anxiety , depression and sleep disorders , leading to a direct impact on the functionality of the patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 pain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 has
1 in 4 patient
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 pain
2 the 4 patient
3 elderly 4 patient
6 the 7 pain
7 pain 8 has
8 has 11 impact
8 has 12 on
8 has 21 with
8 has 29 leading
9 an 10 enormous
9 an 11 impact
10 enormous 11 impact
12 on 13 quality
13 quality 14 of
14 of 15 life
15 life 20 associated
16 , 20 associated
17 as 18 it
17 as 20 associated
18 it 19 is
19 is 20 associated
21 with 25 and
22 anxiety 23 ,
23 , 24 depression
23 , 25 and
25 and 27 disorders
26 sleep 27 disorders
28 , 29 leading
29 leading 30 to
29 leading 34 on
29 leading 40 .
30 to 33 impact
31 a 33 impact
32 direct 33 impact
34 on 36 functionality
35 the 36 functionality
36 functionality 37 of
37 of 39 patient
38 the 39 patient

likewise , there are a number of changes at the central and peripheral nervous system , which contribute to the chronicity of painful processes , and eventually also affect and impact on the quality of life of elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 30 and
5 a 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 12 and
7 of 8 changes
8 changes 9 at
9 at 11 central
10 the 11 central
12 and 15 system
12 and 16 ,
12 and 17 which
12 and 26 and
12 and 30 and
13 peripheral 15 system
14 nervous 15 system
17 which 26 and
18 contribute 19 to
18 contribute 26 and
19 to 21 chronicity
20 the 21 chronicity
21 chronicity 22 of
22 of 24 processes
23 painful 24 processes
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 affect
27 eventually 29 affect
28 also 29 affect
30 and 31 impact
30 and 32 on
32 on 34 quality
33 the 34 quality
34 quality 35 of
34 quality 37 of
35 of 36 life
37 of 39 patients
38 elderly 39 patients

it is fundamental before initiating treatment , to know of all aspects related to drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics , especially those related to aging , because this will allow you to select the best drug for each patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 fundamental
3 fundamental 4 before
4 before 5 initiating
5 initiating 6 treatment
7 , 21 those
7 , 22 related
8 to 9 know
8 to 19 ,
8 to 21 those
9 know 10 of
9 know 14 to
10 of 11 all
11 all 12 aspects
11 all 13 related
12 aspects 13 related
14 to 17 and
15 drug 16 pharmacokinetics
16 pharmacokinetics 17 and
17 and 18 pharmacodynamics
20 especially 21 those
21 those 22 related
22 related 23 to
23 to 24 aging
24 aging 26 because
25 , 26 because
26 because 27 this
26 because 29 allow
26 because 39 .
27 this 28 will
28 will 29 allow
29 allow 30 you
29 allow 31 to
29 allow 32 select
31 to 32 select
32 select 35 drug
32 select 36 for
33 the 34 best
33 the 35 drug
36 for 38 patient
37 each 38 patient

this article aims to review the pathophysiological concepts related to diabetic neuropathy in the elderly and the best treatment options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 9 related
4 to 5 review
5 review 7 pathophysiological
6 the 7 pathophysiological
8 concepts 9 related
9 related 10 to
9 related 13 in
10 to 12 neuropathy
11 diabetic 12 neuropathy
13 in 20 options
14 the 20 options
15 elderly 16 and
16 and 18 best
16 and 19 treatment
17 the 18 best
19 treatment 20 options

aging is associated with an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases , including type 2 diabetes mellitus and its chronic and acute complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 17 and
5 an 7 prevalence
6 increasing 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
7 prevalence 11 ,
8 of 10 diseases
9 chronic 10 diseases
11 , 16 mellitus
11 , 17 and
12 including 16 mellitus
13 type 15 diabetes
14 2 15 diabetes
15 diabetes 16 mellitus
17 and 22 complications
18 its 22 complications
19 chronic 20 and
20 and 21 acute
20 and 22 complications

with changes observed in diabetes mellitus treatment goals and the lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin recommended , the prevalence of hypoglycemia [especially] in patients treated with insulin has increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 with 2 changes
1 with 19 prevalence
2 changes 3 observed
2 changes 13 of
3 observed 4 in
4 in 9 and
5 diabetes 6 mellitus
6 mellitus 8 goals
7 treatment 8 goals
8 goals 9 and
9 and 12 levels
10 the 12 levels
11 lower 12 levels
13 of 15 hemoglobin
14 glycosylated 15 hemoglobin
16 recommended 17 ,
16 recommended 19 prevalence
18 the 19 prevalence
19 prevalence 20 of
19 prevalence 28 has
20 of 21 hypoglycemia
21 hypoglycemia 23 in
21 hypoglycemia 25 treated
23 in 24 patients
25 treated 26 with
26 with 27 insulin
28 has 29 increased

aging and changes in the physiologic reserves generate a decreased perception of symptoms associated with hypoglycemia , increasing the risk of unawareness or severe episodes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reserves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 generate
1 aging 2 and
2 and 3 changes
2 and 4 in
2 and 7 reserves
4 in 6 physiologic
5 the 6 physiologic
7 reserves 8 generate
8 generate 11 perception
9 a 11 perception
10 decreased 11 perception
11 perception 12 of
11 perception 14 associated
11 perception 18 increasing
12 of 13 symptoms
14 associated 15 with
15 with 16 hypoglycemia
17 , 18 increasing
18 increasing 20 risk
18 increasing 26 .
19 the 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 25 episodes
22 unawareness 23 or
23 or 24 severe
23 or 25 episodes

traditionally , age was a risk factor for hypoglycemia , but in the population over 60 years , multiple comorbidities like chronic heart failure , malnutrition and renal failure are associated with increased risk of developing this acute complication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 traditionally 2 ,
1 traditionally 3 age
3 age 4 was
4 was 7 factor
5 a 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor
7 factor 11 but
7 factor 15 over
8 for 9 hypoglycemia
8 for 11 but
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 in
12 in 14 population
13 the 14 population
15 over 17 years
16 60 17 years
18 , 27 and
18 , 31 associated
19 multiple 20 comorbidities
20 comorbidities 21 like
20 comorbidities 25 ,
21 like 24 failure
22 chronic 23 heart
23 heart 24 failure
25 , 26 malnutrition
25 , 27 and
27 and 29 failure
27 and 30 are
28 renal 29 failure
30 are 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 34 risk
33 increased 34 risk
34 risk 35 of
35 of 36 developing
36 developing 39 complication
37 this 39 complication
38 acute 39 complication

it is necessary to train doctors and nurses from all levels of care to recognize the specific clinical manifestation of low blood glucose that [allow] early detection and treatment , because this complication is associated with an increased hospital and 1 [-] year after discharge mortality , [with] [falls] and cognitive impairment that directly affect the independence and functionality of older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 it 2 is
2 is 7 and
2 is 9 from
3 necessary 4 to
3 necessary 7 and
4 to 6 doctors
5 train 6 doctors
7 and 8 nurses
9 from 11 levels
10 all 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
11 levels 14 to
11 levels 15 recognize
12 of 13 care
14 to 15 recognize
15 recognize 19 manifestation
16 the 19 manifestation
17 specific 19 manifestation
18 clinical 19 manifestation
19 manifestation 20 of
20 of 23 glucose
21 low 22 blood
22 blood 23 glucose
23 glucose 24 that
23 glucose 35 associated
24 that 28 and
24 that 35 associated
26 early 27 detection
27 detection 28 and
28 and 29 treatment
28 and 30 ,
28 and 31 because
28 and 34 is
28 and 35 associated
31 because 33 complication
32 this 33 complication
33 complication 34 is
35 associated 36 with
35 associated 44 after
36 with 40 and
37 an 39 hospital
38 increased 39 hospital
39 hospital 40 and
40 and 43 year
41 1 43 year
44 after 50 and
44 after 55 affect
45 discharge 46 mortality
46 mortality 50 and
47 , 50 and
50 and 52 impairment
50 and 55 affect
51 cognitive 52 impairment
53 that 54 directly
54 directly 55 affect
55 affect 58 and
56 the 58 and
57 independence 58 and
58 and 59 functionality
58 and 63 .
59 functionality 60 of
60 of 62 persons
61 older 62 persons

the aging process conveys multiple changes in the organism , as well as changes in individual ['s] surroundings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conveys
1 the 3 process
2 aging 3 process
3 process 4 conveys
4 conveys 6 changes
4 conveys 7 in
4 conveys 13 as
5 multiple 6 changes
7 in 9 organism
8 the 9 organism
10 , 13 as
11 as 12 well
12 well 13 as
13 as 14 changes
13 as 19 .
14 changes 15 in
15 in 18 surroundings
16 individual 18 surroundings

such modifications make the appearance of this sufferance , diagnose , and treatment [to] be complex and different in the rest of the population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 such 2 modifications
2 modifications 9 ,
3 make 5 appearance
3 make 9 ,
4 the 5 appearance
5 appearance 6 of
6 of 8 sufferance
7 this 8 sufferance
9 , 10 diagnose
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 treatment
12 and 15 be
13 treatment 15 be
15 be 17 and
16 complex 17 and
17 and 18 different
18 different 19 in
19 in 21 rest
20 the 21 rest
21 rest 22 of
22 of 24 population
23 the 24 population

the last makes [necessary] the coordinated work of the multidisciplinary team , in [which] the diabetic senior , caretaker , or relative most be actively participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 last
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 last
2 last 3 makes
3 makes 21 or
3 makes 26 participants
5 the 7 work
6 coordinated 7 work
7 work 8 of
7 work 21 or
8 of 11 team
9 the 11 team
10 multidisciplinary 11 team
11 team 13 in
12 , 13 in
13 in 19 caretaker
13 in 20 ,
15 the 19 caretaker
16 diabetic 19 caretaker
17 senior 18 ,
17 senior 19 caretaker
21 or 22 relative
21 or 23 most
21 or 24 be
23 most 24 be
24 be 25 actively

the success of preventive and curative measures relies in increasing knowledge about health and [,] life conditions ( economic , social , community , family , etc [.] ) of each patient [and] of the senior population in general [;] as well as facilitating the patient with information about the means to have a better understanding about the disease , and the available resources for its treatment , [and] to be aware of the importance of achieving the therapeutic objectives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 success
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 relies
1 the 2 success
2 success 3 of
2 success 8 relies
3 of 5 and
4 preventive 5 and
5 and 7 measures
6 curative 7 measures
8 relies 9 in
9 in 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 knowledge
11 knowledge 12 about
12 about 21 social
13 health 14 and
14 and 16 life
14 and 20 ,
14 and 21 social
17 conditions 19 economic
18 ( 19 economic
19 economic 20 ,
21 social 23 community
21 social 25 family
21 social 30 of
22 , 23 community
23 community 24 ,
24 , 25 family
25 family 27 etc
25 family 29 )
26 , 27 etc
27 etc 29 )
30 of 32 patient
31 each 32 patient
32 patient 34 of
34 of 37 population
35 the 37 population
36 senior 37 population
37 population 39 general
37 population 43 as
38 in 39 general
41 as 42 well
42 well 43 as
43 as 44 facilitating
44 facilitating 46 patient
44 facilitating 47 with
45 the 46 patient
47 with 48 information
47 with 56 understanding
48 information 49 about
49 about 51 means
50 the 51 means
51 means 52 to
51 means 53 have
52 to 53 have
54 a 56 understanding
55 better 56 understanding
56 understanding 57 about
57 about 61 and
58 the 59 disease
59 disease 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 64 resources
61 and 65 for
61 and 70 to
62 the 64 resources
63 available 64 resources
65 for 67 treatment
66 its 67 treatment
68 , 70 to
70 to 71 be
70 to 81 .
71 be 72 aware
72 aware 73 of
73 of 75 importance
74 the 75 importance
75 importance 76 of
76 of 77 achieving
77 achieving 80 objectives
78 the 80 objectives
79 therapeutic 80 objectives

this last part is particularly important for the nutritional treatment for diabetes , since its objective is the change in the habit , and customs of nutrition , and the physical activity that the patient has realized throughout many years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 this 3 part
2 last 3 part
3 part 4 is
4 is 6 important
5 particularly 6 important
6 important 7 for
6 important 14 since
7 for 10 treatment
8 the 10 treatment
9 nutritional 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 for
11 for 12 diabetes
13 , 14 since
14 since 16 objective
14 since 17 is
14 since 41 .
15 its 16 objective
16 objective 17 is
17 is 19 change
17 is 20 in
18 the 19 change
20 in 24 and
21 the 22 habit
22 habit 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 customs
24 and 26 of
24 and 33 that
24 and 37 realized
26 of 29 and
27 nutrition 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 activity
30 the 32 activity
31 physical 32 activity
33 that 35 patient
33 that 37 realized
34 the 35 patient
35 patient 36 has
36 has 37 realized
37 realized 38 throughout
38 throughout 40 years
39 many 40 years

older patients with diabetes have a high risk of vascular complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 older 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 5 have
3 with 4 diabetes
5 have 8 risk
6 a 7 high
6 a 8 risk
7 high 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
9 of 11 complications
10 vascular 11 complications

they have an increase of approximately 3 times for developing stroke compared with subjects without diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 they 2 have
2 have 4 increase
3 an 4 increase
4 increase 5 of
4 increase 12 compared
5 of 7 3
6 approximately 7 3
7 3 8 times
7 3 11 stroke
8 times 9 for
8 times 11 stroke
9 for 10 developing
12 compared 13 with
12 compared 15 without
13 with 14 subjects
15 without 16 diabetes

in addition , up to 75 - 80 % of deaths in diabetic patients are associated with major cardiovascular events including [stroke] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 9 %
4 up 5 to
5 to 6 75
6 75 7 -
7 - 8 80
7 - 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 15 are
10 of 11 deaths
11 deaths 12 in
12 in 14 patients
13 diabetic 14 patients
15 are 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 21 including
18 major 20 events
19 cardiovascular 20 events
20 events 21 including

the risk [of] stroke is high within 5 years of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes is 9 % ( [mortality] 21 % ) , that is more than doubles the rate for the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stroke
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 4 stroke
2 risk 4 stroke
4 stroke 24 ,
5 is 6 high
5 is 24 ,
6 high 7 within
7 within 9 years
8 5 9 years
9 years 10 of
9 years 15 diabetes
9 years 16 is
9 years 22 %
10 of 11 diagnosis
11 diagnosis 12 for
12 for 13 type
13 type 14 2
15 diabetes 16 is
16 is 18 %
17 9 18 %
19 ( 22 %
21 21 22 %
22 % 23 )
24 , 29 doubles
25 that 26 is
26 is 29 doubles
27 more 28 than
28 than 29 doubles
29 doubles 31 rate
30 the 31 rate
31 rate 32 for
32 for 35 population
33 the 35 population
34 general 35 population

from observational registries in a collaborative stroke study in mexico , we analyzed clinical data , risk factors , and outcome of 1182 diabetic patients with cerebral ischemia , with focus in elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 from 3 registries
1 from 11 ,
1 from 12 we
2 observational 3 registries
3 registries 4 in
4 in 8 study
5 a 8 study
6 collaborative 8 study
7 stroke 8 study
8 study 9 in
9 in 10 mexico
12 we 13 analyzed
13 analyzed 15 data
13 analyzed 30 with
13 analyzed 32 in
14 clinical 15 data
15 data 20 and
16 , 20 and
17 risk 18 factors
18 factors 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 outcome
20 and 22 of
20 and 29 ,
22 of 25 patients
23 1182 25 patients
24 diabetic 25 patients
25 patients 26 with
26 with 28 ischemia
27 cerebral 28 ischemia
30 with 31 focus
32 in 34 subjects
33 elderly 34 subjects

there was a high frequency of hyperglycemia during the acute phase [of] stroke : the median value was 140 mg/dl and 40 % had values higher than 180 mg/dl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 frequency
3 a 5 frequency
4 high 5 frequency
5 frequency 6 of
6 of 7 hyperglycemia
7 hyperglycemia 8 during
8 during 13 stroke
9 the 13 stroke
10 acute 11 phase
11 phase 13 stroke
14 : 17 value
14 : 18 was
14 : 21 and
14 : 30 .
15 the 17 value
16 median 17 value
17 value 18 was
18 was 20 mg/dl
19 140 20 mg/dl
21 and 23 %
21 and 24 had
22 40 23 %
23 % 24 had
24 had 25 values
24 had 26 higher
24 had 27 than
27 than 29 mg/dl
28 180 29 mg/dl

clinical [outcome] was usually unfavorable in elderly stroke patients with diabetes : case fatality rate [was] 30 [%] at 30 days and survivors had moderate to severe disability , usually as [consequence] of the propensity to develop more systemic medical complications [during] [hospital] stay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 clinical 3 was
3 was 4 usually
3 was 5 unfavorable
4 usually 5 unfavorable
5 unfavorable 6 in
5 unfavorable 10 with
6 in 9 patients
7 elderly 8 stroke
8 stroke 9 patients
10 with 11 diabetes
12 : 13 case
12 : 29 ,
13 case 15 rate
13 case 19 at
14 fatality 15 rate
15 rate 17 30
19 at 20 30
20 30 22 and
20 30 24 had
21 days 22 and
22 and 23 survivors
22 and 24 had
24 had 25 moderate
25 moderate 26 to
26 to 28 disability
27 severe 28 disability
29 , 41 complications
29 , 44 stay
30 usually 41 complications
31 as 33 of
31 as 41 complications
33 of 35 propensity
34 the 35 propensity
35 propensity 36 to
35 propensity 37 develop
36 to 37 develop
38 more 41 complications
39 systemic 41 complications
40 medical 41 complications
41 complications 44 stay

primary stroke prevention studies in patients with diabetes reveal that tight control of glucose is not associated with reduction in stroke risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reveal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 primary 4 studies
2 stroke 4 studies
3 prevention 4 studies
4 studies 5 in
4 studies 7 with
4 studies 9 reveal
5 in 6 patients
7 with 8 diabetes
9 reveal 11 tight
9 reveal 12 control
9 reveal 15 is
10 that 11 tight
12 control 13 of
12 control 15 is
13 of 14 glucose
15 is 16 not
15 is 18 with
16 not 17 associated
18 with 19 reduction
19 reduction 20 in
20 in 22 risk
21 stroke 22 risk

therefore , proper control of other vascular risk factors is mandatory in patients with diabetes , [in] particular [of] arterial hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 control
3 proper 4 control
4 control 5 of
4 control 10 is
5 of 9 factors
6 other 9 factors
7 vascular 9 factors
8 risk 9 factors
10 is 11 mandatory
11 mandatory 12 in
11 mandatory 14 with
12 in 13 patients
14 with 15 diabetes
16 , 21 hypertension
18 particular 21 hypertension
20 arterial 21 hypertension

glucose tolerance declines with age , resulting in a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tolerance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 declines
1 glucose 2 tolerance
2 tolerance 3 declines
3 declines 4 with
3 declines 7 resulting
4 with 5 age
6 , 7 resulting
7 resulting 8 in
7 resulting 20 in
7 resulting 24 .
8 in 11 prevalence
9 a 11 prevalence
10 high 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 of
12 of 16 and
13 type 15 diabetes
14 2 15 diabetes
15 diabetes 16 and
16 and 19 tolerance
17 impaired 19 tolerance
18 glucose 19 tolerance
20 in 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 elderly 23 population

the pathogenesis of the age [-] related glucose intolerance is multifactorial ; includes the interaction of many variables associated with aging including increased visceral adiposity , decreased physical activity , the use of diverse medications , coexisting illness , diminished insulin secretion and sensitivity , however the age - related effect over glucose metabolism is still controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
1 the 2 pathogenesis
2 pathogenesis 3 of
2 pathogenesis 7 related
3 of 5 age
4 the 5 age
7 related 9 intolerance
7 related 10 is
8 glucose 9 intolerance
9 intolerance 10 is
10 is 11 multifactorial
12 ; 13 includes
12 ; 23 increased
13 includes 15 interaction
13 includes 22 including
13 includes 23 increased
14 the 15 interaction
15 interaction 16 of
15 interaction 19 associated
16 of 18 variables
17 many 18 variables
19 associated 20 with
20 with 21 aging
21 aging 22 including
23 increased 25 adiposity
24 visceral 25 adiposity
25 adiposity 29 activity
25 adiposity 37 coexisting
26 , 29 activity
27 decreased 29 activity
28 physical 29 activity
29 activity 32 use
29 activity 36 ,
30 , 32 use
31 the 32 use
32 use 33 of
32 use 36 ,
33 of 35 medications
34 diverse 35 medications
36 , 37 coexisting
37 coexisting 38 illness
37 coexisting 46 however
38 illness 43 and
39 , 43 and
40 diminished 41 insulin
41 insulin 42 secretion
42 secretion 43 and
43 and 44 sensitivity
43 and 45 ,
45 , 46 however
46 however 48 age
46 however 55 is
46 however 58 .
47 the 48 age
48 age 55 is
49 - 50 related
50 related 51 effect
50 related 55 is
51 effect 52 over
52 over 54 metabolism
53 glucose 54 metabolism
55 is 56 still
55 is 57 controversial

in mexico glucose intolerance is present in 15 - 20 % of the population older than 60 years and increases the risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 intolerance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 glucose
1 in 4 intolerance
2 mexico 3 glucose
4 intolerance 19 and
5 is 6 present
5 is 19 and
6 present 7 in
7 in 11 %
8 15 9 -
9 - 10 20
9 - 11 %
11 % 12 of
12 of 14 population
13 the 14 population
14 population 15 older
15 older 16 than
16 than 18 years
17 60 18 years
19 and 20 increases
20 increases 26 and
21 the 26 and
22 risk 23 for
22 risk 26 and
23 for 24 developing
24 developing 25 diabetes
26 and 28 disease
27 cardiovascular 28 disease

patients diagnosed with diabetes at an advanced age have particular characteristics ; tend to be less obese , have more beta cell dysfunction and may be diagnosed with a hyperosomolar state . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 patients 2 diagnosed
1 patients 9 have
2 diagnosed 3 with
2 diagnosed 5 at
3 with 4 diabetes
5 at 8 age
6 an 7 advanced
6 an 8 age
7 advanced 8 age
9 have 11 characteristics
10 particular 11 characteristics
12 ; 13 tend
13 tend 14 to
13 tend 18 ,
14 to 18 ,
15 be 17 obese
15 be 18 ,
16 less 17 obese
18 , 24 and
18 , 28 with
19 have 23 dysfunction
19 have 24 and
20 more 23 dysfunction
21 beta 23 dysfunction
22 cell 23 dysfunction
24 and 25 may
25 may 26 be
26 be 27 diagnosed
28 with 31 state
29 a 30 hyperosomolar
29 a 31 state
30 hyperosomolar 31 state

lifestyle modifications are particularly effective in preventing diabetes in this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 lifestyle 2 modifications
2 modifications 3 are
3 are 5 effective
4 particularly 5 effective
5 effective 6 in
6 in 7 preventing
7 preventing 8 diabetes
7 preventing 9 in
9 in 12 group
10 this 12 group
11 age 12 group

none none the aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging on strategy selection in a paired [-] associate word task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 none 4 aim
1 none 14 aging
1 none 24 task
2 none 3 the
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 examine
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 12 effect
11 the 12 effect
12 effect 13 of
13 of 14 aging
14 aging 15 on
14 aging 18 in
15 on 17 selection
16 strategy 17 selection
18 in 23 word
19 a 23 word
20 paired 22 associate
22 associate 23 word

twenty - eight younger adults ( mean age [=] 20.68 years ) and 28 older adults ( mean age [=] 68.46 years ) studied 39 pairs of concrete , middle and abstract words . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 - 5 adults
2 - 13 and
3 eight 5 adults
4 younger 5 adults
5 adults 11 years
6 ( 11 years
7 mean 8 age
8 age 11 years
10 20.68 11 years
11 years 12 )
13 and 16 adults
13 and 24 studied
14 28 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 22 years
16 adults 24 studied
17 ( 22 years
18 mean 19 age
19 age 22 years
21 68.46 22 years
22 years 23 )
24 studied 31 and
25 39 26 pairs
26 pairs 27 of
26 pairs 29 ,
27 of 28 concrete
29 , 30 middle
29 , 31 and
31 and 33 words
32 abstract 33 words

the concreteness level was manipulated in order to modify the benefit of imagery and sentence strategies in relation to task characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 level
2 concreteness 3 level
3 level 4 was
4 was 5 manipulated
5 manipulated 6 in
5 manipulated 8 to
6 in 7 order
8 to 14 and
9 modify 11 benefit
9 modify 14 and
10 the 11 benefit
11 benefit 12 of
12 of 13 imagery
14 and 15 sentence
15 sentence 16 strategies
15 sentence 17 in
15 sentence 19 to
15 sentence 20 task
17 in 18 relation
19 to 20 task
20 task 21 characteristics

the results showed an age difference in strategy selection in relation to concreteness level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 6 difference
3 showed 9 selection
3 showed 12 to
4 an 5 age
4 an 6 difference
5 age 6 difference
6 difference 7 in
7 in 8 strategy
10 in 11 relation
11 relation 12 to
12 to 14 level
13 concreteness 14 level

older adults showed less adaptive strategy selection for the imagery strategy but not for the sentence strategy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 showed
3 showed 6 strategy
3 showed 7 selection
4 less 5 adaptive
5 adaptive 6 strategy
7 selection 12 but
8 for 11 strategy
8 for 12 but
9 the 11 strategy
10 imagery 11 strategy
12 but 13 not
12 but 14 for
14 for 17 strategy
15 the 17 strategy
16 sentence 17 strategy

change in strategy selection did not seem to be explained by better efficiency of sentence [than] imagery , so this study suggests a partial reduction of strategy adaptivity during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 change 2 in
1 change 5 did
2 in 4 selection
3 strategy 4 selection
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 seem
7 seem 8 to
7 seem 10 explained
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 explained
10 explained 11 by
11 by 13 efficiency
12 better 13 efficiency
13 efficiency 14 of
14 of 17 imagery
15 sentence 17 imagery
18 , 19 so
18 , 22 suggests
19 so 21 study
20 this 21 study
21 study 22 suggests
22 suggests 25 reduction
22 suggests 29 during
23 a 24 partial
23 a 25 reduction
24 partial 25 reduction
25 reduction 26 of
26 of 28 adaptivity
27 strategy 28 adaptivity
29 during 30 aging

stem cells participate in dynamic physiologic systems that dictate the outcome of developmental events and organismal stress , since these cells are fundamental to tissue maintenance and repair , the signals they receive play a critical role in the integrity of the organism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 stem 2 cells
2 cells 3 participate
3 participate 4 in
4 in 7 systems
5 dynamic 7 systems
6 physiologic 7 systems
7 systems 8 that
7 systems 9 dictate
8 that 9 dictate
9 dictate 15 and
10 the 11 outcome
11 outcome 12 of
11 outcome 15 and
12 of 14 events
13 developmental 14 events
15 and 17 stress
16 organismal 17 stress
18 , 21 cells
18 , 22 are
18 , 29 ,
19 since 21 cells
20 these 21 cells
21 cells 22 are
22 are 23 fundamental
23 fundamental 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 tissue 26 maintenance
26 maintenance 27 and
27 and 28 repair
27 and 29 ,
29 , 31 signals
29 , 34 play
30 the 31 signals
31 signals 32 they
31 signals 33 receive
31 signals 34 play
32 they 33 receive
34 play 37 role
34 play 38 in
35 a 37 role
36 critical 37 role
38 in 40 integrity
39 the 40 integrity
40 integrity 41 of
41 of 43 organism
42 the 43 organism

much work has focused on stem cell identification and the molecular pathways involved in their regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 much 2 work
2 work 3 has
3 has 4 focused
4 focused 5 on
5 on 9 and
6 stem 8 identification
7 cell 8 identification
8 identification 9 and
9 and 12 pathways
9 and 13 involved
10 the 12 pathways
11 molecular 12 pathways
13 involved 14 in
14 in 16 regulation
15 their 16 regulation

yet , we understand little about how these pathways achieve physiologically responsive stem cell functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 yet 2 ,
1 yet 3 we
3 we 4 understand
4 understand 5 little
4 understand 6 about
6 about 7 how
7 how 9 pathways
7 how 10 achieve
8 these 9 pathways
9 pathways 10 achieve
10 achieve 11 physiologically
10 achieve 15 functions
12 responsive 13 stem
13 stem 15 functions
14 cell 15 functions

this chapter will review the state of our understanding of stem cells in the context of their microenvironment regarding the relation between stem cell niche dysfunction , carcinogenesis and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 chapter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 chapter
2 chapter 3 will
3 will 4 review
4 review 6 state
4 review 13 in
4 review 22 between
5 the 6 state
6 state 7 of
7 of 9 understanding
8 our 9 understanding
9 understanding 10 of
10 of 12 cells
11 stem 12 cells
13 in 15 context
14 the 15 context
15 context 16 of
16 of 18 microenvironment
17 their 18 microenvironment
18 microenvironment 19 regarding
19 regarding 21 relation
20 the 21 relation
22 between 29 and
23 stem 24 cell
24 cell 26 dysfunction
25 niche 26 dysfunction
26 dysfunction 27 ,
27 , 28 carcinogenesis
27 , 29 and
29 and 30 aging

telomerase expression is silenced in most adult somatic tissues with the exception [of] adult stem cell ( sc ) compartments , which have the property of having the longest telomeres within a given tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 silenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 having
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 telomerase 2 expression
2 expression 3 is
3 is 4 silenced
4 silenced 5 in
4 silenced 10 with
5 in 9 tissues
6 most 9 tissues
7 adult 9 tissues
8 somatic 9 tissues
10 with 16 cell
10 with 20 compartments
11 the 16 cell
12 exception 14 adult
14 adult 16 cell
15 stem 16 cell
16 cell 18 sc
17 ( 18 sc
18 sc 19 )
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 have
22 which 23 have
23 have 25 property
24 the 25 property
25 property 26 of
26 of 27 having
27 having 30 telomeres
28 the 29 longest
28 the 30 telomeres
30 telomeres 31 within
31 within 34 tissue
32 a 34 tissue
33 given 34 tissue

adult sc compartments suffer from telomere shortening associated with organismal aging until telomeres reach a critically short length , which is sufficient to impair sc mobilization and tissue regeneration [.] p53 is essential to prevent that adult sc carrying telomere damage [contribute] to tissue regeneration , indicating a novel role for p53 in sc behavior and therefore in the maintenance of tissue fitness and tumor protection . 
1 adult 3 compartments
1 adult 4 suffer
1 adult 7 shortening
1 adult 8 associated
2 sc 3 compartments
3 compartments 4 suffer
4 suffer 5 from
5 from 6 telomere
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 12 until
9 with 11 aging
10 organismal 11 aging
12 until 13 telomeres
12 until 14 reach
13 telomeres 14 reach
14 reach 18 length
14 reach 23 to
15 a 18 length
16 critically 17 short
17 short 18 length
18 length 20 which
19 , 20 which
20 which 21 is
21 is 22 sufficient
23 to 27 and
24 impair 26 mobilization
24 impair 27 and
25 sc 26 mobilization
27 and 35 prevent
28 tissue 29 regeneration
29 regeneration 31 p53
31 p53 32 is
32 is 33 essential
33 essential 34 to
34 to 35 prevent
35 prevent 41 damage
35 prevent 47 indicating
36 that 41 damage
37 adult 41 damage
38 sc 41 damage
39 carrying 41 damage
40 telomere 41 damage
41 damage 43 to
43 to 45 regeneration
44 tissue 45 regeneration
46 , 47 indicating
47 indicating 50 role
48 a 50 role
49 novel 50 role
50 role 56 and
51 for 52 p53
51 for 56 and
52 p53 53 in
53 in 55 behavior
54 sc 55 behavior
56 and 57 therefore
56 and 58 in
58 in 60 maintenance
59 the 60 maintenance
60 maintenance 61 of
61 of 64 and
62 tissue 63 fitness
63 fitness 64 and
64 and 66 protection
64 and 67 .
65 tumor 66 protection

reprogramming of adult differentiated cells to a more pluripotent state has been achieved by various means , including somatic cell nuclear transfer and , more recently , [by] over expression of specific transcription factors to generate [the] so - called induced pluripotent [stem] ( ips ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reprogramming
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 achieved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 reprogramming 2 of
1 reprogramming 11 has
2 of 5 cells
3 adult 4 differentiated
4 differentiated 5 cells
5 cells 6 to
6 to 10 state
7 a 10 state
8 more 9 pluripotent
9 pluripotent 10 state
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 achieved
13 achieved 14 by
14 by 16 means
15 various 16 means
17 , 22 transfer
17 , 23 and
18 including 22 transfer
19 somatic 20 cell
20 cell 22 transfer
21 nuclear 22 transfer
23 and 24 ,
23 and 34 factors
23 and 40 called
25 more 26 recently
26 recently 27 ,
26 recently 34 factors
29 over 30 expression
29 over 34 factors
30 expression 31 of
31 of 33 transcription
32 specific 33 transcription
34 factors 35 to
34 factors 36 generate
34 factors 40 called
35 to 36 generate
36 generate 38 so
38 so 39 -
40 called 47 cells
41 induced 47 cells
42 pluripotent 45 ips
42 pluripotent 47 cells
44 ( 45 ips
45 ips 46 )

recent work has demonstrated that telomeric chromatin is remodeled and telomeres are elongated by telomerase during nuclear reprogramming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 elongated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 recent 9 remodeled
1 recent 10 and
2 work 3 has
3 has 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 7 chromatin
5 that 9 remodeled
6 telomeric 7 chromatin
7 chromatin 8 is
8 is 9 remodeled
10 and 11 telomeres
10 and 12 are
12 are 13 elongated
13 elongated 14 by
13 elongated 16 during
14 by 15 telomerase
16 during 18 reprogramming
17 nuclear 18 reprogramming

these findings suggest that the structure of telomeric chromatin is dynamic and controlled by epigenetic programs associated with the differentiation potential of cells , which are reversed by reprogramming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 structure
4 that 12 and
5 the 6 structure
6 structure 7 of
6 structure 12 and
7 of 9 chromatin
8 telomeric 9 chromatin
10 is 11 dynamic
10 is 12 and
12 and 13 controlled
12 and 14 by
12 and 21 potential
14 by 16 programs
15 epigenetic 16 programs
16 programs 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 differentiation
19 the 20 differentiation
21 potential 22 of
22 of 23 cells
24 , 25 which
24 , 27 reversed
25 which 26 are
26 are 27 reversed
27 reversed 28 by
28 by 29 reprogramming

this chapter will focus on the current knowledge of the role of telomeres and telomerase in adult sc , as well as during nuclear reprograming to generate pluripotent embryonic [-] like stem cells from adult differentiated cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 4 focus
2 chapter 3 will
3 will 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
4 focus 14 and
5 on 8 knowledge
6 the 8 knowledge
7 current 8 knowledge
8 knowledge 9 of
9 of 11 role
10 the 11 role
11 role 12 of
12 of 13 telomeres
14 and 15 telomerase
14 and 19 ,
14 and 20 as
14 and 29 embryonic
15 telomerase 16 in
16 in 18 sc
17 adult 18 sc
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 23 during
23 during 25 reprograming
24 nuclear 25 reprograming
25 reprograming 26 to
25 reprograming 27 generate
26 to 27 generate
27 generate 28 pluripotent
29 embryonic 31 like
29 embryonic 34 from
31 like 33 cells
32 stem 33 cells
34 from 37 cells
35 adult 36 differentiated
36 differentiated 37 cells

evolutionary theories of aging predict a trade - off [between] fertility and lifespan , where increased lifespan comes at the cost of reduced fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 theories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 predict
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 evolutionary 2 theories
2 theories 3 of
2 theories 5 predict
3 of 4 aging
5 predict 7 trade
5 predict 9 off
5 predict 15 where
6 a 7 trade
8 - 9 off
9 off 12 and
9 off 14 ,
11 fertility 12 and
12 and 13 lifespan
15 where 17 lifespan
15 where 18 comes
16 increased 17 lifespan
17 lifespan 18 comes
18 comes 19 at
19 at 21 cost
20 the 21 cost
21 cost 22 of
22 of 24 fertility
23 reduced 24 fertility

support for this prediction has been obtained from various sources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 support 2 for
1 support 5 has
2 for 4 prediction
3 this 4 prediction
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 obtained
7 obtained 8 from
8 from 10 sources
9 various 10 sources

however , [which] genes underlie this relationship [is] [unknown] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 underlie
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 genes
4 genes 5 underlie
5 underlie 7 relationship
6 this 7 relationship

to assess it , we first analyzed the association of fertility with age at menarche and menopause , and with mortality in 3,575 married female participants of the rotterdam study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 2 assess
2 assess 3 it
4 , 6 first
4 , 7 analyzed
5 we 6 first
6 first 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 9 association
7 analyzed 12 with
7 analyzed 19 and
8 the 9 association
9 association 10 of
10 of 11 fertility
12 with 13 age
14 at 16 and
14 at 19 and
15 menarche 16 and
16 and 17 menopause
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 with
20 with 21 mortality
21 mortality 22 in
22 in 26 participants
23 3,575 26 participants
24 married 26 participants
25 female 26 participants
26 participants 27 of
27 of 30 study
28 the 30 study
29 rotterdam 30 study

in addition , we conducted a candidate gene study where 1,664 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in 25 candidate genes were analyzed in relation to number of children as a measure of fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 conducted
5 conducted 9 study
5 conducted 10 where
6 a 9 study
7 candidate 9 study
8 gene 9 study
10 where 11 1,664
10 where 12 single
11 1,664 12 single
12 single 14 polymorphisms
12 single 18 in
12 single 30 as
13 nucleotide 14 polymorphisms
14 polymorphisms 16 snps
15 ( 16 snps
16 snps 17 )
18 in 19 25
19 25 21 genes
19 25 27 number
19 25 28 of
20 candidate 21 genes
21 genes 22 were
22 were 23 analyzed
23 analyzed 24 in
23 analyzed 26 to
24 in 25 relation
26 to 27 number
28 of 29 children
30 as 32 measure
31 a 32 measure
32 measure 33 of
33 of 34 fertility

snps that associated with fertility were analyzed for association [with] mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 snps 2 that
1 snps 3 associated
1 snps 6 were
2 that 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 fertility
6 were 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 8 for
8 for 11 mortality
9 association 11 mortality

we observed no associations between fertility and age at menarche ( p = 0.38 ) and menopause ( p = 0.07 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 4 associations
2 observed 5 between
3 no 4 associations
5 between 16 and
6 fertility 7 and
7 and 8 age
7 and 9 at
7 and 16 and
9 at 10 menarche
10 menarche 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 p 13 =
13 = 14 0.38
13 = 15 )
16 and 17 menopause
16 and 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 p 20 =
20 = 21 0.07
20 = 22 )

in contrast , fertility was associated with mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fertility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 fertility
4 fertility 5 was
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 mortality

women with two to three children had significantly lower mortality ( hazard [ratio] ( hr ) , 0.82 ; 95 % confidence [interval] ( 95 % ci ) , 0.69 - 0.97 ) compared to women with no children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 women 2 with
1 women 9 lower
2 with 4 to
3 two 4 to
4 to 5 three
4 to 6 children
4 to 7 had
6 children 7 had
8 significantly 9 lower
9 lower 10 mortality
9 lower 18 0.82
10 mortality 12 hazard
11 ( 12 hazard
12 hazard 15 hr
12 hazard 17 ,
14 ( 15 hr
15 hr 16 )
19 ; 22 confidence
19 ; 34 compared
20 95 21 %
21 % 22 confidence
22 confidence 27 ci
22 confidence 31 -
22 confidence 34 compared
24 ( 27 ci
25 95 27 ci
26 % 27 ci
27 ci 28 )
29 , 31 -
30 0.69 31 -
31 - 32 0.97
31 - 33 )
34 compared 35 to
34 compared 37 with
35 to 36 women
37 with 39 children
38 no 39 children

no such benefit was observed for women with four or more children , who had a similar mortality risk ( hr , 0.93 [;] 95 % ci , 0.76 - 1.13 ) as women with no children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 no 2 such
2 such 3 benefit
3 benefit 4 was
4 was 5 observed
5 observed 6 for
5 observed 33 as
6 for 10 or
7 women 8 with
7 women 10 or
8 with 9 four
10 or 12 children
10 or 14 who
11 more 12 children
13 , 14 who
14 who 15 had
14 who 32 )
15 had 19 risk
15 had 30 -
16 a 17 similar
16 a 19 risk
17 similar 18 mortality
18 mortality 19 risk
19 risk 21 hr
19 risk 27 ci
20 ( 21 hr
21 hr 22 ,
22 , 27 ci
23 0.93 27 ci
25 95 27 ci
26 % 27 ci
27 ci 28 ,
29 0.76 30 -
30 - 31 1.13
33 as 34 women
34 women 35 with
35 with 37 children
36 no 37 children

the analysis of candidate genes revealed four genes that influence fertility after correction for multiple testing : cgb/lhb [gene] cluster ( p = 0.0036 ) , fshr ( p = 0.023 ) , fst ( p = 0.023 ) , and inhba ( p = 0.021 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 6 revealed
3 of 5 genes
4 candidate 5 genes
6 revealed 8 genes
6 revealed 20 cluster
7 four 8 genes
8 genes 9 that
8 genes 10 influence
8 genes 20 cluster
9 that 10 influence
10 influence 11 fertility
10 influence 12 after
12 after 13 correction
12 after 17 :
13 correction 14 for
13 correction 17 :
14 for 16 testing
15 multiple 16 testing
17 : 18 cgb/lhb
20 cluster 23 =
21 ( 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.0036
23 = 25 )
26 , 41 and
27 fshr 30 =
27 fshr 33 ,
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.023
30 = 32 )
33 , 34 fst
33 , 41 and
34 fst 37 =
35 ( 37 =
36 p 37 =
37 = 38 0.023
37 = 39 )
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 inhba
42 inhba 45 =
43 ( 45 =
44 p 45 =
45 = 46 0.021
45 = 47 )

however , none of the independent snps in these genes predicted mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 genes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 10 genes
3 none 4 of
3 none 10 genes
4 of 7 snps
5 the 6 independent
6 independent 7 snps
7 snps 8 in
8 in 10 genes
9 these 10 genes
10 genes 11 predicted
11 predicted 12 mortality

in conclusion , women who bear two to three children live longer than those who bear none or many children , but this relationship was not mediated by the candidate genes analyzed in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 women
3 , 11 live
3 , 22 but
4 women 5 who
4 women 6 bear
4 women 11 live
5 who 6 bear
6 bear 10 children
7 two 8 to
8 to 9 three
8 to 10 children
11 live 12 longer
11 live 13 than
13 than 14 those
14 those 15 who
14 those 16 bear
15 who 16 bear
16 bear 18 or
17 none 18 or
18 or 20 children
18 or 21 ,
19 many 20 children
22 but 24 relationship
22 but 27 mediated
23 this 24 relationship
24 relationship 25 was
25 was 26 not
25 was 27 mediated
27 mediated 28 by
27 mediated 33 in
28 by 31 genes
29 the 31 genes
30 candidate 31 genes
31 genes 32 analyzed
33 in 35 study
34 this 35 study

these community [-] derived values of healthy older men are necessary to correctly judge patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia ( luts/bph ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 these 5 values
2 community 4 derived
4 derived 5 values
5 values 6 of
5 values 10 are
6 of 9 men
7 healthy 9 men
8 older 9 men
10 are 11 necessary
11 necessary 12 to
11 necessary 16 with
12 to 14 judge
13 correctly 14 judge
14 judge 15 patients
16 with 20 symptoms
17 lower 19 tract
18 urinary 19 tract
19 tract 20 symptoms
20 symptoms 22 to
21 due 22 to
22 to 25 hyperplasia
23 benign 25 hyperplasia
24 prostatic 25 hyperplasia
25 hyperplasia 27 luts/bph
26 ( 27 luts/bph
27 luts/bph 28 )

methods : analysis of luts/bph - related determinants in community [-] dwelling men in the city of herne , germany after exclusion of subgroups with co - morbidities or co - medications with possible influence on the key items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 of
4 of 5 luts/bph
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 determinants
7 related 9 in
7 related 14 in
7 related 33 with
7 related 40 .
9 in 13 men
10 community 12 dwelling
12 dwelling 13 men
14 in 29 or
15 the 16 city
16 city 17 of
16 city 19 ,
17 of 18 herne
19 , 20 germany
19 , 29 or
20 germany 21 after
20 germany 23 of
21 after 22 exclusion
23 of 24 subgroups
24 subgroups 25 with
25 with 28 morbidities
26 co 27 -
26 co 28 morbidities
29 or 32 medications
30 co 31 -
30 co 32 medications
33 with 35 influence
33 with 36 on
34 possible 35 influence
36 on 39 items
37 the 39 items
38 key 39 items

results : the analysis is based on 1,763 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
2 : 6 based
2 : 10 .
3 the 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 is
5 is 6 based
6 based 7 on
7 on 9 participants
8 1,763 9 participants

in these men aged 50 - 80 years , mean total prostate volume continuously increased from 24 to 38 cc and mean psa concentration from 1.1 to 2.5 ng/ml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 15 increased
1 in 16 from
1 in 21 and
2 these 3 men
3 men 4 aged
3 men 8 years
3 men 10 mean
4 aged 5 50
6 - 8 years
7 80 8 years
8 years 9 ,
10 mean 13 volume
10 mean 15 increased
11 total 13 volume
12 prostate 13 volume
13 volume 15 increased
14 continuously 15 increased
16 from 20 cc
17 24 18 to
18 to 19 38
18 to 20 cc
21 and 24 concentration
21 and 25 from
22 mean 24 concentration
23 psa 24 concentration
25 from 29 ng/ml
26 1.1 27 to
27 to 28 2.5
27 to 29 ng/ml

psa concentration in men with a prostate volume < 25 cc also [showed] a continuous increase with aging , starting at 0.8 in the youngest and ending at 1.9 ng/ml in the oldest age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 psa 2 concentration
2 concentration 3 in
2 concentration 9 <
3 in 4 men
4 men 5 with
5 with 8 volume
6 a 8 volume
7 prostate 8 volume
9 < 11 cc
10 25 11 cc
12 also 26 and
12 also 35 group
14 a 15 continuous
14 a 16 increase
15 continuous 16 increase
16 increase 17 with
16 increase 19 ,
17 with 18 aging
19 , 20 starting
19 , 26 and
20 starting 21 at
21 at 22 0.8
22 0.8 23 in
23 in 25 youngest
24 the 25 youngest
26 and 27 ending
26 and 28 at
26 and 35 group
28 at 30 ng/ml
29 1.9 30 ng/ml
30 ng/ml 31 in
31 in 34 age
32 the 33 oldest
32 the 34 age

mean [q] ( max ) of free uroflowmetry ( from 22.1 to 13.7 ml / s ) and mean micturition volume ( from 329 to 193 cc ) showed a continuous decrease that was dependent on prostate size . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 mean 21 volume
3 ( 4 max
4 max 5 )
4 max 21 volume
6 of 20 micturition
6 of 21 volume
7 free 20 micturition
8 uroflowmetry 10 from
8 uroflowmetry 18 and
9 ( 10 from
10 from 16 s
10 from 17 )
11 22.1 12 to
12 to 13 13.7
12 to 16 s
13 13.7 14 ml
14 ml 15 /
18 and 19 mean
18 and 20 micturition
21 volume 27 cc
21 volume 29 showed
22 ( 27 cc
23 from 25 to
24 329 25 to
25 to 26 193
25 to 27 cc
27 cc 28 )
29 showed 32 decrease
29 showed 36 on
30 a 31 continuous
30 a 32 decrease
31 continuous 32 decrease
32 decrease 33 that
32 decrease 34 was
33 that 34 was
34 was 35 dependent
36 on 38 size
37 prostate 38 size

mean postvoid residual urine was nearly unchanged over the age groups at approximately 20 - 30 cc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 mean 4 urine
1 mean 5 was
2 postvoid 4 urine
3 residual 4 urine
4 urine 5 was
5 was 7 unchanged
6 nearly 7 unchanged
7 unchanged 8 over
7 unchanged 12 at
8 over 11 groups
9 the 11 groups
10 age 11 groups
12 at 17 cc
13 approximately 14 20
14 20 15 -
15 - 16 30
15 - 17 cc

although ipss increased continuously with aging ( from 4 to 7 ) , qol remained unchanged at 2 over the age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 qol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 although 2 ipss
1 although 13 ,
1 although 14 qol
2 ipss 3 increased
3 increased 4 continuously
3 increased 5 with
5 with 6 aging
6 aging 8 from
7 ( 8 from
8 from 10 to
8 from 12 )
9 4 10 to
10 to 11 7
14 qol 15 remained
15 remained 16 unchanged
16 unchanged 17 at
16 unchanged 19 over
17 at 18 2
19 over 22 groups
20 the 22 groups
21 age 22 groups

prostate size had a minor impact on ipss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 prostate 2 size
2 size 3 had
3 had 6 impact
3 had 7 on
4 a 5 minor
4 a 6 impact
5 minor 6 impact
7 on 8 ipss

conclusions : normal values for investigated luts/bph - related determinants and the influence of aging [hereon] should serve as references during the assessment of caucasian patients in europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 normal
2 : 21 during
3 normal 4 values
3 normal 18 serve
4 values 5 for
4 values 17 should
5 for 7 luts/bph
6 investigated 7 luts/bph
8 - 9 related
9 related 11 and
9 related 17 should
10 determinants 11 and
11 and 13 influence
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 influence
14 of 15 aging
17 should 18 serve
18 serve 19 as
19 as 20 references
21 during 23 assessment
22 the 23 assessment
23 assessment 24 of
24 of 26 patients
25 caucasian 26 patients
26 patients 27 in
27 in 28 europe

the common belief that signs of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) are clinically relevant only during adult [and] elderly age is gradually changing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 belief
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 belief
2 common 3 belief
3 belief 4 that
3 belief 23 is
4 that 8 and
4 that 14 are
5 signs 6 of
5 signs 8 and
6 of 7 atherosclerosis
8 and 10 disease
8 and 12 cvd
8 and 14 are
9 cardiovascular 10 disease
11 ( 12 cvd
12 cvd 13 )
14 are 15 clinically
14 are 16 relevant
16 relevant 17 only
17 only 18 during
18 during 22 age
19 adult 22 age
21 elderly 22 age
23 is 25 changing
24 gradually 25 changing

increasing evidence supports the concept that cvd is initiated through developmental in utero processes beginning before birth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increasing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 increasing 3 supports
1 increasing 14 processes
2 evidence 3 supports
3 supports 5 concept
3 supports 10 through
3 supports 11 developmental
4 the 5 concept
5 concept 6 that
5 concept 8 is
5 concept 9 initiated
6 that 7 cvd
6 that 8 is
7 cvd 8 is
9 initiated 10 through
11 developmental 13 utero
12 in 13 utero
14 processes 15 beginning
14 processes 16 before
16 before 17 birth

epigenetic and other unknown mechanisms underlying these developmental events are yet to be elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 epigenetic 2 and
2 and 5 mechanisms
2 and 6 underlying
2 and 10 are
3 other 5 mechanisms
4 unknown 5 mechanisms
6 underlying 9 events
7 these 9 events
8 developmental 9 events
10 are 12 to
10 are 14 elucidated
11 yet 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 elucidated

the clinical implications of such theories for the primary prevention of cvd are intuitive and logical , but clinical prospective studies and translational approaches are still warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 implications
2 clinical 3 implications
3 implications 4 of
3 implications 11 of
3 implications 13 are
4 of 6 theories
5 such 6 theories
6 theories 7 for
7 for 10 prevention
8 the 10 prevention
9 primary 10 prevention
11 of 12 cvd
13 are 14 intuitive
15 and 22 and
15 and 25 are
16 logical 18 but
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 clinical
18 but 21 studies
20 prospective 21 studies
21 studies 22 and
22 and 24 approaches
22 and 25 are
23 translational 24 approaches
25 are 26 still
25 are 27 warranted

the evolution of cvd is usually characterized by a long lag time between onset and clinical manifestation , thereby providing a relevant opportunity for its early [non] - invasive detection during childhood and tailored therapeutic strategies , both with established pharmacologic agents and newly developed drugs that can affect epigenetic mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evolution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 characterized
1 the 2 evolution
2 evolution 3 of
2 evolution 5 is
3 of 4 cvd
5 is 7 characterized
6 usually 7 characterized
7 characterized 8 by
7 characterized 12 time
7 characterized 13 between
8 by 11 lag
9 a 11 lag
10 long 11 lag
13 between 15 and
14 onset 15 and
15 and 17 manifestation
15 and 18 ,
15 and 20 providing
16 clinical 17 manifestation
19 thereby 20 providing
20 providing 23 opportunity
20 providing 24 for
21 a 23 opportunity
22 relevant 23 opportunity
24 for 30 detection
25 its 30 detection
26 early 28 -
26 early 30 detection
29 invasive 30 detection
30 detection 31 during
31 during 33 and
32 childhood 33 and
33 and 36 strategies
33 and 43 and
34 tailored 36 strategies
35 therapeutic 36 strategies
37 , 43 and
38 both 39 with
38 both 43 and
39 with 42 agents
40 established 42 agents
41 pharmacologic 42 agents
43 and 46 drugs
43 and 47 that
43 and 49 affect
43 and 52 .
44 newly 45 developed
45 developed 46 drugs
47 that 48 can
48 can 49 affect
49 affect 51 mechanisms
50 epigenetic 51 mechanisms

the clathrin assembly protein , calm , promotes the assembly of clathrin - coated vesicles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 promotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 4 protein
2 clathrin 4 protein
3 assembly 4 protein
4 protein 6 calm
4 protein 8 promotes
5 , 6 calm
6 calm 7 ,
8 promotes 12 clathrin
9 the 10 assembly
10 assembly 11 of
10 assembly 12 clathrin
11 of 12 clathrin
13 - 15 vesicles
13 - 16 .
14 coated 15 vesicles

in a previous study , we showed that calm controls the level of the synaptic vesicle protein vamp2 at the plasma membrane by regulating vamp2 endocytosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 a 4 study
3 previous 4 study
6 we 7 showed
7 showed 8 that
8 that 9 calm
8 that 10 controls
9 calm 10 controls
10 controls 12 level
11 the 12 level
12 level 13 of
13 of 18 vamp2
14 the 17 protein
15 synaptic 16 vesicle
16 vesicle 17 protein
17 protein 18 vamp2
18 vamp2 19 at
18 vamp2 23 by
19 at 22 membrane
20 the 22 membrane
21 plasma 22 membrane
23 by 24 regulating
24 regulating 26 endocytosis
25 vamp2 26 endocytosis

here , we provide evidence that calm also influences the cell surface level of the ampa receptor subunit glur2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 5 evidence
5 evidence 6 that
6 that 7 calm
6 that 9 influences
7 calm 9 influences
8 also 9 influences
9 influences 13 level
10 the 13 level
11 cell 13 level
12 surface 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 19 glur2
15 the 18 subunit
16 ampa 18 subunit
17 receptor 18 subunit
18 subunit 19 glur2

although mechanistic details as well as the physiological relevance of calm and glur2 in the neuron have yet to be established , calm - mediated trafficking could function as a component of a dedicated system for controlling postsynaptic abundance of glur2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 trafficking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 although 3 details
1 although 17 have
1 although 26 trafficking
2 mechanistic 3 details
3 details 4 as
3 details 10 of
3 details 17 have
4 as 5 well
5 well 6 as
6 as 9 relevance
7 the 9 relevance
8 physiological 9 relevance
10 of 13 glur2
11 calm 12 and
12 and 13 glur2
13 glur2 14 in
14 in 16 neuron
15 the 16 neuron
17 have 18 yet
17 have 19 to
17 have 20 be
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 established
22 , 23 calm
23 calm 24 -
23 calm 26 trafficking
25 mediated 26 trafficking
26 trafficking 27 could
27 could 28 function
28 function 29 as
29 as 31 component
30 a 31 component
31 component 32 of
32 of 35 system
33 a 35 system
34 dedicated 35 system
35 system 36 for
35 system 40 of
36 for 37 controlling
37 controlling 39 abundance
38 postsynaptic 39 abundance
40 of 41 glur2

glioblastoma ( gbm ) is rare in early adulthood and little information is available on this subgroup . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gbm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 glioblastoma 3 gbm
2 ( 3 gbm
3 gbm 4 )
3 gbm 5 is
5 is 6 rare
6 rare 7 in
7 in 9 adulthood
8 early 9 adulthood
10 and 12 information
10 and 13 is
11 little 12 information
12 information 13 is
13 is 14 available
14 available 15 on
15 on 17 subgroup
16 this 17 subgroup

we investigated whether young age ( 18 - 30 years ) had an independent effect on survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 whether
3 whether 5 age
3 whether 12 had
4 young 5 age
5 age 8 -
5 age 12 had
6 ( 8 -
7 18 8 -
8 - 10 years
8 - 11 )
9 30 10 years
12 had 15 effect
12 had 16 on
13 an 14 independent
13 an 15 effect
14 independent 15 effect
16 on 17 survival

we retrospectively reviewed patients from two large databases : radiation therapy oncology group ( rtog ) and american college of surgeons national cancer data base ( ncdb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 3 reviewed
2 retrospectively 3 reviewed
3 reviewed 4 patients
3 reviewed 5 from
5 from 8 databases
6 two 8 databases
7 large 8 databases
9 : 17 and
10 radiation 11 therapy
11 therapy 12 oncology
12 oncology 13 group
13 group 15 rtog
14 ( 15 rtog
15 rtog 16 )
15 rtog 17 and
17 and 19 college
17 and 20 of
18 american 19 college
20 of 27 ncdb
21 surgeons 22 national
22 national 23 cancer
23 cancer 24 data
24 data 25 base
25 base 27 ncdb
26 ( 27 ncdb
27 ncdb 28 )

in the rtog evaluation , we analyzed all eligible gbm cases from 17 rtog studies from 1974 to 2002 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 4 evaluation
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 evaluation
3 rtog 4 evaluation
6 we 7 analyzed
7 analyzed 11 cases
8 all 11 cases
9 eligible 11 cases
10 gbm 11 cases
11 cases 12 from
11 cases 14 rtog
11 cases 15 studies
12 from 13 17
14 rtog 15 studies
15 studies 18 to
16 from 18 to
17 1974 18 to
18 to 19 2002

all patients with gbm during 1985 - 1998 in the ncdb were examined for comparison . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 all 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 12 were
3 with 4 gbm
4 gbm 5 during
5 during 7 -
6 1985 7 -
7 - 8 1998
7 - 9 in
9 in 11 ncdb
10 the 11 ncdb
12 were 13 examined
13 examined 14 for
14 for 15 comparison

patients [were] divided into three cohorts : ages 18 - 30 , 31 - 49 , and ≥50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 patients 3 divided
1 patients 7 :
3 divided 4 into
4 into 6 cohorts
5 three 6 cohorts
7 : 17 and
8 ages 10 -
8 ages 14 -
8 ages 17 and
9 18 10 -
10 - 11 30
12 , 14 -
13 31 14 -
14 - 15 49
14 - 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 ≥50

overall survival , as a function of age ( discreet and continuous ) , was assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 overall 2 survival
2 survival 4 as
2 survival 15 was
3 , 4 as
4 as 6 function
4 as 14 ,
5 a 6 function
6 function 7 of
7 of 8 age
8 age 11 and
9 ( 11 and
10 discreet 11 and
11 and 12 continuous
11 and 13 )
15 was 16 assessed

the rtog review included 3,136 patients : 112 ( 3.6 % ) were 18 - 30 , 780 ( 24.9 % ) were 31 - 49 , and 2,244 ( 71.6 % ) were ≥50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 the 3 review
2 rtog 3 review
3 review 4 included
4 included 6 patients
5 3,136 6 patients
7 : 8 112
7 : 13 were
7 : 28 and
7 : 36 .
8 112 11 %
8 112 13 were
9 ( 11 %
10 3.6 11 %
11 % 12 )
13 were 14 18
13 were 25 -
14 18 16 30
14 18 23 were
15 - 16 30
16 30 18 780
16 30 23 were
17 , 18 780
18 780 21 %
18 780 22 )
19 ( 21 %
20 24.9 21 %
21 % 22 )
24 31 25 -
25 - 26 49
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 2,244
28 and 34 were
29 2,244 32 %
29 2,244 34 were
30 ( 32 %
31 71.6 32 %
32 % 33 )
34 were 35 ≥50

the median survival times of the three groups were 21.0 , 13.5 , [and] 9.1 months ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 times
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 times
2 median 3 survival
3 survival 4 times
4 times 5 of
4 times 9 were
5 of 8 groups
6 the 7 three
7 three 8 groups
9 were 10 21.0
10 21.0 12 13.5
10 21.0 19 <
11 , 12 13.5
12 13.5 13 ,
15 9.1 16 months
16 months 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.0001
19 < 21 )

significant improvement in survival for younger patients was demonstrated with adjustment for recursive partitioning analysis ( rpa ) class . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 improvement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 significant 2 improvement
2 improvement 3 in
2 improvement 8 was
3 in 4 survival
4 survival 5 for
5 for 7 patients
6 younger 7 patients
8 was 9 demonstrated
9 demonstrated 10 with
10 with 11 adjustment
10 with 19 class
11 adjustment 12 for
12 for 15 analysis
13 recursive 15 analysis
14 partitioning 15 analysis
15 analysis 17 rpa
16 ( 17 rpa
17 rpa 18 )

of the 37,260 patients analyzed in the ncdb , 796 ( 2.1 % ) were 18 - 30 , 5,711 ( 15.3 % ) were 31 - 49 , and 30,753 ( 82.5 % ) were ≥50 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 of 3 37,260
1 of 4 patients
2 the 3 37,260
4 patients 5 analyzed
4 patients 15 were
5 analyzed 6 in
6 in 8 ncdb
7 the 8 ncdb
8 ncdb 10 796
9 , 10 796
10 796 13 %
10 796 14 )
11 ( 13 %
12 2.1 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 were 17 -
16 18 17 -
17 - 18 30
19 , 20 5,711
19 , 25 were
19 , 27 -
20 5,711 23 %
20 5,711 25 were
21 ( 23 %
22 15.3 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 were 26 31
27 - 28 49
27 - 30 and
27 - 38 .
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 30,753
30 and 37 ≥50
31 30,753 34 %
31 30,753 36 were
32 ( 34 %
33 82.5 34 %
34 % 35 )
36 were 37 ≥50

the median survival times of the three groups were 18.0 , 12.8 , [and] 6.3 months ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 times
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 times
2 median 3 survival
3 survival 4 times
4 times 5 of
4 times 9 were
5 of 8 groups
6 the 7 three
7 three 8 groups
9 were 10 18.0
10 18.0 12 12.8
10 18.0 19 <
11 , 12 12.8
12 12.8 13 ,
15 6.3 16 months
16 months 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.0001
19 < 21 )

data were not available for rpa class from this series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 not
2 were 4 available
3 not 4 available
4 available 5 for
5 for 7 class
6 rpa 7 class
7 class 8 from
8 from 10 series
9 this 10 series

gbm is rare in young adulthood , comprising 2.1 - 3.6 % of our patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gbm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 gbm 2 is
2 is 3 rare
3 rare 4 in
4 in 6 adulthood
5 young 6 adulthood
6 adulthood 8 comprising
7 , 8 comprising
8 comprising 12 %
8 comprising 16 .
9 2.1 10 -
10 - 11 3.6
10 - 12 %
12 % 13 of
13 of 15 patients
14 our 15 patients

they have superior survival , even when adjusted for rpa class . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 they 2 have
2 have 4 survival
3 superior 4 survival
5 , 6 even
6 even 7 when
7 when 8 adjusted
8 adjusted 9 for
9 for 11 class
10 rpa 11 class

more investigations on the unique biologic and clinical characteristics of tumors in this population are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 more 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 on
2 investigations 15 are
3 on 9 characteristics
4 the 9 characteristics
5 unique 9 characteristics
6 biologic 7 and
7 and 8 clinical
7 and 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 of
10 of 11 tumors
11 tumors 12 in
12 in 14 population
13 this 14 population
15 are 16 needed

skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in many chronic diseases and disuse conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 skeletal 2 muscle
2 muscle 3 atrophy
3 atrophy 4 occurs
4 occurs 5 in
5 in 9 and
6 many 8 diseases
7 chronic 8 diseases
8 diseases 9 and
9 and 11 conditions
10 disuse 11 conditions

its severity reduces patient recovery , independence and quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 severity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reduces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 its 2 severity
2 severity 3 reduces
3 reduces 8 and
4 patient 5 recovery
5 recovery 6 ,
6 , 7 independence
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 quality
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 life

the discovery of two muscle - specific e3 ubiquitin ligases , mafbx/atrogin [-] 1 and muscle ring finger - 1 ( murf1 ) , promoted an expectation of these molecules as targets for therapeutic development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 promoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 10 ligases
2 discovery 15 and
2 discovery 25 promoted
3 of 5 muscle
4 two 5 muscle
6 - 10 ligases
7 specific 10 ligases
8 e3 9 ubiquitin
9 ubiquitin 10 ligases
10 ligases 11 ,
11 , 15 and
12 mafbx/atrogin 14 1
12 mafbx/atrogin 15 and
15 and 18 finger
15 and 20 1
15 and 24 ,
16 muscle 17 ring
17 ring 18 finger
19 - 20 1
20 1 22 murf1
20 1 24 ,
21 ( 22 murf1
22 murf1 23 )
25 promoted 27 expectation
25 promoted 31 as
25 promoted 33 for
26 an 27 expectation
27 expectation 28 of
28 of 30 molecules
29 these 30 molecules
31 as 32 targets
33 for 35 development
34 therapeutic 35 development

while numerous studies have determined the conditions in which mafbx/atrogin - [1] and murf1 mrna levels are regulated , few studies have investigated their functional role in skeletal muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 while 2 numerous
1 while 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 determined
5 determined 7 conditions
5 determined 23 investigated
6 the 7 conditions
7 conditions 8 in
7 conditions 21 studies
7 conditions 22 have
7 conditions 23 investigated
8 in 9 which
8 in 13 and
8 in 18 regulated
10 mafbx/atrogin 13 and
11 - 13 and
13 and 14 murf1
13 and 15 mrna
13 and 16 levels
13 and 17 are
15 mrna 16 levels
17 are 18 regulated
18 regulated 19 ,
20 few 21 studies
21 studies 22 have
23 investigated 26 role
24 their 26 role
25 functional 26 role
26 role 27 in
27 in 29 muscle
28 skeletal 29 muscle

recently , studies identifying new target substrates for mafbx/atrogin - 1 [and] murf1 , outside of their response to the initiation of muscle atrophy , suggest that there is more to these proteins than previously appreciated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 studies
3 studies 4 identifying
3 studies 15 outside
3 studies 16 of
3 studies 19 to
3 studies 24 atrophy
4 identifying 7 substrates
5 new 6 target
6 target 7 substrates
7 substrates 8 for
7 substrates 13 murf1
8 for 9 mafbx/atrogin
10 - 13 murf1
11 1 13 murf1
13 murf1 14 ,
16 of 18 response
17 their 18 response
19 to 21 initiation
20 the 21 initiation
21 initiation 22 of
22 of 23 muscle
25 , 26 suggest
26 suggest 27 that
27 that 28 there
27 that 29 is
28 there 29 is
29 is 30 more
29 is 31 to
31 to 33 proteins
32 these 33 proteins
33 proteins 36 appreciated
34 than 36 appreciated
35 previously 36 appreciated

this review will highlight our present knowledge of mafbx/atrogin [-] 1 and murf1 in skeletal muscle atrophy , the impact of potential therapeutics and their known regulators and substrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 4 highlight
4 highlight 7 knowledge
4 highlight 14 in
5 our 7 knowledge
6 present 7 knowledge
7 knowledge 8 of
8 of 12 and
9 mafbx/atrogin 11 1
9 mafbx/atrogin 12 and
12 and 13 murf1
14 in 28 and
15 skeletal 16 muscle
16 muscle 17 atrophy
17 atrophy 18 ,
18 , 20 impact
18 , 24 and
19 the 20 impact
20 impact 21 of
21 of 23 therapeutics
22 potential 23 therapeutics
24 and 27 regulators
24 and 28 and
25 their 27 regulators
26 known 27 regulators
28 and 29 substrates

finally , we will comment on new approaches that may expand our knowledge of these two molecules in their control of skeletal muscle function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 comment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 will
4 will 5 comment
5 comment 6 on
5 comment 17 molecules
5 comment 24 function
6 on 8 approaches
7 new 8 approaches
8 approaches 9 that
8 approaches 10 may
9 that 10 may
10 may 11 expand
11 expand 13 knowledge
12 our 13 knowledge
13 knowledge 14 of
14 of 16 two
15 these 16 two
17 molecules 18 in
17 molecules 24 function
18 in 20 control
19 their 20 control
20 control 21 of
21 of 23 muscle
22 skeletal 23 muscle

recently , we reported that heparanase plays important roles in barrier [-] disrupted skin , leading to increased interaction of growth factors between epidermis and dermis and facilitating various cutaneous changes , including epidermal hyperplasia and wrinkle formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 we
3 we 4 reported
4 reported 5 that
5 that 6 heparanase
5 that 7 plays
6 heparanase 7 plays
7 plays 9 roles
7 plays 10 in
7 plays 16 leading
8 important 9 roles
10 in 14 skin
11 barrier 13 disrupted
13 disrupted 14 skin
15 , 16 leading
16 leading 17 to
16 leading 39 .
17 to 27 and
18 increased 19 interaction
19 interaction 20 of
19 interaction 25 and
20 of 22 factors
21 growth 22 factors
22 factors 23 between
23 between 24 epidermis
25 and 26 dermis
25 and 27 and
27 and 38 formation
28 facilitating 38 formation
29 various 31 changes
30 cutaneous 31 changes
31 changes 32 ,
32 , 35 hyperplasia
32 , 36 and
33 including 35 hyperplasia
34 epidermal 35 hyperplasia
36 and 37 wrinkle
36 and 38 formation

however , the role of heparanase in sun [-] exposed skin remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 12 remains
5 of 6 heparanase
6 heparanase 7 in
7 in 11 skin
8 sun 10 exposed
10 exposed 11 skin
12 remains 13 unknown

here , we show that heparanase in human keratinocytes is activated by ultraviolet [b] ( uvb ) exposure and that heparan [sulfate] of perlecan is markedly degraded in uvb - irradiated human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 19 and
5 that 6 heparanase
5 that 11 activated
5 that 19 and
6 heparanase 7 in
6 heparanase 10 is
7 in 9 keratinocytes
8 human 9 keratinocytes
10 is 11 activated
11 activated 12 by
12 by 18 exposure
13 ultraviolet 16 uvb
13 ultraviolet 18 exposure
15 ( 16 uvb
16 uvb 17 )
19 and 20 that
20 that 21 heparan
20 that 27 degraded
21 heparan 23 of
21 heparan 25 is
23 of 24 perlecan
25 is 26 markedly
25 is 27 degraded
27 degraded 28 in
28 in 29 uvb
30 - 33 skin
31 irradiated 33 skin
32 human 33 skin

the degradation of heparan [sulfate] resulted in a marked reduction of binding activity of the basement membrane for vascular endothelial growth factor [,] fibroblast growth factor - 2 and - 7 at the dermal - epidermal junction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 degradation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 degradation
2 degradation 3 of
2 degradation 6 resulted
3 of 4 heparan
6 resulted 7 in
6 resulted 18 for
6 resulted 32 at
7 in 10 reduction
8 a 10 reduction
9 marked 10 reduction
10 reduction 11 of
11 of 12 binding
12 binding 13 activity
13 activity 14 of
14 of 17 membrane
15 the 17 membrane
16 basement 17 membrane
18 for 26 factor
19 vascular 21 growth
20 endothelial 21 growth
21 growth 22 factor
22 factor 26 factor
24 fibroblast 26 factor
25 growth 26 factor
26 factor 29 and
27 - 28 2
28 2 29 and
29 and 31 7
30 - 31 7
32 at 37 junction
33 the 37 junction
34 dermal 35 -
34 dermal 37 junction
36 epidermal 37 junction

degradation of heparan [sulfate] was observed [not] only in [acutely] uvb - irradiated skin , but also in skin chronically exposed to sun . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 degradation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 degradation 2 of
1 degradation 5 was
2 of 3 heparan
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 8 only
6 observed 22 to
8 only 16 but
9 in 11 uvb
9 in 16 but
11 uvb 14 skin
12 - 14 skin
13 irradiated 14 skin
14 skin 15 ,
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 also
16 but 18 in
18 in 19 skin
19 skin 21 exposed
20 chronically 21 exposed
22 to 23 sun

interestingly , heparan [sulfate] was found to be degraded in sun - exposed skin , but not in sun - protected skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 heparan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 heparan
3 heparan 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 degraded
9 degraded 16 but
10 in 11 sun
10 in 16 but
11 sun 14 skin
12 - 14 skin
13 exposed 14 skin
14 skin 15 ,
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 not
16 but 18 in
18 in 19 sun
20 - 22 skin
21 protected 22 skin

these findings suggest that chronic uvb exposure activates heparanase [,] leading to degradation of heparan sulfate in the basement membrane and increased growth factor interaction between epidermis and dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 21 and
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 21 and
4 that 6 uvb
4 that 16 sulfate
5 chronic 6 uvb
6 uvb 7 exposure
6 uvb 8 activates
7 exposure 8 activates
8 activates 9 heparanase
9 heparanase 11 leading
11 leading 12 to
12 to 13 degradation
13 degradation 14 of
14 of 15 heparan
16 sulfate 17 in
16 sulfate 20 membrane
17 in 19 basement
18 the 19 basement
21 and 22 increased
22 increased 25 interaction
22 increased 26 between
23 growth 25 interaction
24 factor 25 interaction
26 between 28 and
27 epidermis 28 and
28 and 29 dermis

these changes may facilitate photo [-] aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 may
3 may 4 facilitate
4 facilitate 7 aging
5 photo 7 aging

in addition to the well - described implications of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal osteoporosis ( pmo ) , free radicals are also effective on bone metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 radicals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 18 ,
1 in 20 radicals
2 addition 3 to
3 to 5 well
4 the 5 well
5 well 8 implications
6 - 8 implications
7 described 8 implications
8 implications 9 of
8 implications 18 ,
9 of 11 deficiency
10 estrogen 11 deficiency
11 deficiency 12 in
12 in 14 osteoporosis
13 postmenopausal 14 osteoporosis
14 osteoporosis 16 pmo
15 ( 16 pmo
16 pmo 17 )
19 free 20 radicals
20 radicals 21 are
21 are 22 also
21 are 23 effective
23 effective 24 on
24 on 26 metabolism
25 bone 26 metabolism

the antioxidant vitamins c and [e] play [an] important role in the production of collagen , mesenchymal cell differentiation into osteoblasts , and bone mineralization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 10 role
2 antioxidant 10 role
3 vitamins 4 c
3 vitamins 5 and
5 and 7 play
5 and 10 role
9 important 10 role
10 role 11 in
10 role 23 and
11 in 13 production
12 the 13 production
13 production 14 of
14 of 19 differentiation
15 collagen 16 ,
15 collagen 18 cell
17 mesenchymal 18 cell
18 cell 19 differentiation
19 differentiation 20 into
20 into 21 osteoblasts
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 mineralization
24 bone 25 mineralization

therefore , the incidence of osteoporosis and the risk of fractures were decreased with vitamin c and e ..y it was proposed that free oxygen radicals are responsible for biological aging , atherosclerosis , carcinogenesis , and osteoclastic activity via their negative effects on the cell and dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 incidence
3 the 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 of
4 incidence 12 were
5 of 7 and
6 osteoporosis 7 and
7 and 9 risk
7 and 10 of
8 the 9 risk
10 of 11 fractures
12 were 13 decreased
13 decreased 14 with
14 with 15 vitamin
15 vitamin 16 c
17 and 18 e
17 and 19 ..y
18 e 19 ..y
19 ..y 20 it
20 it 21 was
21 was 22 proposed
22 proposed 23 that
23 that 26 radicals
23 that 27 are
24 free 26 radicals
25 oxygen 26 radicals
26 radicals 27 are
27 are 39 activity
27 are 44 on
28 responsible 29 for
28 responsible 37 and
29 for 31 aging
30 biological 31 aging
31 aging 33 atherosclerosis
31 aging 35 carcinogenesis
32 , 33 atherosclerosis
33 atherosclerosis 34 ,
34 , 35 carcinogenesis
35 carcinogenesis 36 ,
37 and 38 osteoclastic
37 and 39 activity
39 activity 40 via
40 via 43 effects
41 their 43 effects
42 negative 43 effects
44 on 47 and
45 the 46 cell
46 cell 47 and
47 and 48 dna

in this study , we aimed to investigate and compare the levels of free radicals and serum antioxidant activity in patients with pmo and healthy subjects before and after six - month treatment with risedronate , which is an inhibitor of bone resorption . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
7 to 9 and
8 investigate 9 and
9 and 10 compare
9 and 20 in
9 and 22 with
10 compare 16 and
11 the 16 and
12 levels 13 of
12 levels 16 and
13 of 15 radicals
14 free 15 radicals
16 and 19 activity
17 serum 18 antioxidant
18 antioxidant 19 activity
20 in 21 patients
22 with 24 and
23 pmo 24 and
24 and 26 subjects
24 and 28 and
24 and 37 which
24 and 38 is
25 healthy 26 subjects
27 before 28 and
28 and 29 after
29 after 30 six
30 six 33 treatment
31 - 33 treatment
32 month 33 treatment
33 treatment 34 with
33 treatment 36 ,
34 with 35 risedronate
37 which 38 is
38 is 40 inhibitor
39 an 40 inhibitor
40 inhibitor 41 of
41 of 43 resorption
42 bone 43 resorption

twenty - three postmenopausal patients aged between 52 - 83 ( mean [ ± standard deviation ] 67.6 ± 8.17 ) with t scores below - 2.5 in femur neck or l1 - l4 , and 23 postmenopausal healthy subjects were enrolled into the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 three
2 - 5 patients
4 postmenopausal 5 patients
5 patients 6 aged
6 aged 7 between
6 aged 22 with
6 aged 25 below
7 between 9 -
8 52 9 -
9 - 10 83
9 - 19 ±
11 ( 19 ±
12 mean 16 deviation
12 mean 19 ±
13 [ 16 deviation
14 ± 16 deviation
15 standard 16 deviation
16 deviation 17 ]
18 67.6 19 ±
19 ± 20 8.17
19 ± 21 )
22 with 23 t
22 with 24 scores
26 - 30 neck
26 - 31 or
26 - 46 .
27 2.5 28 in
28 in 30 neck
29 femur 30 neck
31 or 36 and
31 or 42 enrolled
32 l1 34 l4
32 l1 36 and
33 - 34 l4
34 l4 35 ,
35 , 36 and
36 and 40 subjects
36 and 41 were
37 23 40 subjects
38 postmenopausal 40 subjects
39 healthy 40 subjects
41 were 42 enrolled
42 enrolled 43 into
43 into 45 study
44 the 45 study

patients who had received any medications within the last 6 months that could alter bone metabolism were excluded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 patients 2 who
1 patients 3 had
1 patients 17 were
2 who 3 had
3 had 4 received
4 received 6 medications
5 any 6 medications
6 medications 7 within
7 within 11 months
8 the 9 last
8 the 10 6
10 6 11 months
11 months 12 that
11 months 14 alter
12 that 13 could
13 could 14 alter
14 alter 16 metabolism
15 bone 16 metabolism
17 were 18 excluded

serum malondialdehyde ( mda ) , superoxide dismutase ( sod [ )(, and glutathione peroxidase ( gpx ) levels were analyzed in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 superoxide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 serum 7 superoxide
2 malondialdehyde 4 mda
2 malondialdehyde 6 ,
2 malondialdehyde 7 superoxide
3 ( 4 mda
4 mda 5 )
7 superoxide 8 dismutase
7 superoxide 19 levels
7 superoxide 20 were
8 dismutase 13 and
8 dismutase 19 levels
9 ( 13 and
10 sod 13 and
12 )(, 13 and
13 and 15 peroxidase
13 and 17 gpx
13 and 18 )
14 glutathione 15 peroxidase
16 ( 17 gpx
17 gpx 18 )
20 were 21 analyzed
21 analyzed 22 in
22 in 24 groups
23 both 24 groups

the patients with pmo were commenced on 5 mg of risedronate , 1,200 mg [of] calcium , and 800 iu of vitamin d daily . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 commenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 5 were
3 with 4 pmo
5 were 6 commenced
6 commenced 7 on
6 commenced 24 daily
7 on 9 mg
8 5 9 mg
9 mg 10 of
10 of 18 and
11 risedronate 12 ,
12 , 16 calcium
12 , 18 and
13 1,200 14 mg
14 mg 16 calcium
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 iu
18 and 21 of
19 800 20 iu
21 of 22 vitamin
22 vitamin 23 d

the patients were reevaluated at the end of the sixth month . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reevaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 reevaluated
4 reevaluated 5 at
5 at 7 end
6 the 7 end
7 end 8 of
8 of 11 month
9 the 10 sixth
9 the 11 month

mda and sod levels were similar in patients with pmo when compared to the healthy group before the treatment , while the gpx levels were lower in patients with pmo ( p = 0.014 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 mda 2 and
2 and 4 levels
2 and 5 were
3 sod 4 levels
5 were 6 similar
6 similar 7 in
6 similar 9 with
6 similar 11 when
7 in 8 patients
9 with 10 pmo
11 when 12 compared
12 compared 13 to
12 compared 21 while
13 to 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 healthy 16 group
16 group 17 before
17 before 19 treatment
18 the 19 treatment
20 , 21 while
21 while 24 levels
21 while 25 were
21 while 35 )
22 the 24 levels
23 gpx 24 levels
24 levels 25 were
25 were 26 lower
26 lower 27 in
26 lower 29 with
26 lower 33 =
27 in 28 patients
29 with 30 pmo
31 ( 33 =
32 p 33 =
33 = 34 0.014
33 = 35 )

gpx ( p = 0.028 ) and mda ( p = 0.04 ) levels were increased in patients with pmo after the treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 gpx 4 =
1 gpx 7 and
2 ( 4 =
3 p 4 =
4 = 5 0.028
4 = 6 )
7 and 8 mda
7 and 14 levels
8 mda 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 p 11 =
11 = 12 0.04
11 = 13 )
14 levels 15 were
15 were 16 increased
16 increased 17 in
16 increased 19 with
16 increased 21 after
17 in 18 patients
19 with 20 pmo
21 after 23 treatment
22 the 23 treatment

in contrast , sod levels were decreased when compared to the initial levels ( p = 0.006 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 levels
4 sod 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 when
8 when 9 compared
9 compared 10 to
10 to 13 levels
11 the 13 levels
12 initial 13 levels
13 levels 16 =
14 ( 16 =
15 p 16 =
16 = 17 0.006
16 = 18 )

there may be an insufficiency in different steps of the enzymatic antioxidant systems in patients with pmo without treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 5 insufficiency
4 an 5 insufficiency
5 insufficiency 6 in
6 in 8 steps
7 different 8 steps
8 steps 9 of
9 of 13 systems
10 the 13 systems
11 enzymatic 13 systems
12 antioxidant 13 systems
13 systems 14 in
14 in 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
15 patients 18 without
16 with 17 pmo
18 without 19 treatment

we observed an increment in lipid peroxidation levels and gpx levels with risedronate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 observed
2 observed 4 increment
2 observed 11 levels
3 an 4 increment
4 increment 5 in
4 increment 11 levels
5 in 9 and
6 lipid 8 levels
7 peroxidation 8 levels
8 levels 9 and
9 and 10 gpx
11 levels 12 with
12 with 13 risedronate

we think that the [decrement] [in] sod levels may be related with the utilized antioxidants due to the increased free radicals and the compensatory increment in the other steps of the antioxidant system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 think
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 think
2 think 3 that
3 that 7 sod
3 that 11 related
4 the 7 sod
7 sod 8 levels
7 sod 10 be
7 sod 11 related
8 levels 9 may
9 may 10 be
11 related 12 with
11 related 17 to
11 related 26 in
12 with 15 antioxidants
13 the 15 antioxidants
14 utilized 15 antioxidants
16 due 17 to
17 to 22 and
18 the 21 radicals
19 increased 21 radicals
20 free 21 radicals
21 radicals 22 and
22 and 25 increment
23 the 25 increment
24 compensatory 25 increment
26 in 29 steps
27 the 28 other
28 other 29 steps
29 steps 30 of
30 of 33 system
31 the 33 system
32 antioxidant 33 system

dbl is the prototype of a large family of gdp - gtp exchange factors for small gtpases of the rho family . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dbl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 exchange
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 dbl 2 is
2 is 4 prototype
2 is 13 exchange
3 the 4 prototype
4 prototype 5 of
4 prototype 9 of
5 of 8 family
6 a 7 large
6 a 8 family
7 large 8 family
9 of 12 gtp
10 gdp 12 gtp
11 - 12 gtp
13 exchange 14 factors
13 exchange 15 for
15 for 21 family
16 small 21 family
17 gtpases 18 of
17 gtpases 21 family
18 of 20 rho
19 the 20 rho

in vitro , dbl is known to activate rho , rac , and cdc42 and to induce a transformed phenotype in murine fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dbl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 vitro
2 vitro 3 ,
2 vitro 4 dbl
4 dbl 5 is
5 is 6 known
6 known 7 to
6 known 15 and
7 to 15 and
8 activate 13 and
8 activate 15 and
9 rho 10 ,
10 , 11 rac
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 cdc42
15 and 16 to
15 and 23 fibroblasts
16 to 17 induce
17 induce 20 phenotype
17 induce 21 in
18 a 20 phenotype
19 transformed 20 phenotype
21 in 22 murine

we previously reported that dbl - null mice are viable and fertile but display defective dendrite elongation of distinct subpopulations of cortical neurons , suggesting a role of dbl in controlling dendritic growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 we 3 reported
2 previously 3 reported
3 reported 5 dbl
4 that 5 dbl
6 - 7 null
6 - 9 are
7 null 9 are
8 mice 9 are
9 are 11 and
10 viable 11 and
11 and 12 fertile
12 fertile 13 but
13 but 17 elongation
14 display 17 elongation
15 defective 16 dendrite
16 dendrite 17 elongation
17 elongation 18 of
17 elongation 21 of
17 elongation 25 suggesting
18 of 20 subpopulations
19 distinct 20 subpopulations
21 of 23 neurons
22 cortical 23 neurons
24 , 25 suggesting
25 suggesting 27 role
25 suggesting 30 in
25 suggesting 34 .
26 a 27 role
27 role 28 of
28 of 29 dbl
30 in 31 controlling
31 controlling 33 growth
32 dendritic 33 growth

to gain deeper insights into the role of dbl in development and disease , we attempted a knock - [in] approach to create an endogenous allele that encodes a missense - mutation - mediated loss [of] function in the dh domain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 attempted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 to 2 gain
1 to 14 ,
1 to 15 we
2 gain 4 insights
2 gain 5 into
3 deeper 4 insights
5 into 12 and
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 12 and
8 of 9 dbl
9 dbl 10 in
10 in 11 development
12 and 13 disease
15 we 16 attempted
16 attempted 18 knock
17 a 18 knock
19 - 21 approach
21 approach 22 to
22 to 23 create
23 create 37 function
23 create 38 in
24 an 25 endogenous
24 an 37 function
25 endogenous 26 allele
26 allele 27 that
26 allele 28 encodes
26 allele 34 mediated
27 that 28 encodes
28 encodes 30 missense
29 a 30 missense
30 missense 32 mutation
31 - 32 mutation
32 mutation 33 -
35 loss 37 function
38 in 41 domain
39 the 41 domain
40 dh 41 domain

we generated , by gene targeting technology , a mutant mouse strain by inserting a mutagenized human proto - dbl cdna clone expressing only the dbl n terminus regulatory sequence at the starting codon of murine exon 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 generated
2 generated 4 by
2 generated 12 strain
2 generated 13 by
2 generated 31 at
3 , 4 by
4 by 7 technology
4 by 8 ,
5 gene 7 technology
6 targeting 7 technology
9 a 10 mutant
9 a 12 strain
10 mutant 11 mouse
11 mouse 12 strain
13 by 14 inserting
14 inserting 22 clone
15 a 22 clone
16 mutagenized 22 clone
17 human 22 clone
18 proto 19 -
18 proto 22 clone
20 dbl 22 clone
21 cdna 22 clone
22 clone 23 expressing
23 expressing 24 only
23 expressing 30 sequence
25 the 30 sequence
26 dbl 27 n
26 dbl 30 sequence
28 terminus 30 sequence
29 regulatory 30 sequence
31 at 34 codon
32 the 34 codon
33 starting 34 codon
34 codon 35 of
35 of 37 exon
36 murine 37 exon
37 exon 38 1

animals were monitored over a 21 [-] month period , and necropsy specimens [were] collected for histological examination and immunohistochemistry analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 animals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 animals 11 and
2 were 3 monitored
2 were 11 and
3 monitored 4 over
4 over 9 period
5 a 9 period
6 21 8 month
8 month 9 period
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 necropsy
11 and 21 analysis
12 necropsy 13 specimens
15 collected 16 for
15 collected 19 and
16 for 18 examination
17 histological 18 examination
19 and 20 immunohistochemistry
19 and 21 analysis

dbl knock - in mice are viable and [did] not manifest either decreased reproductive performances or gross developmental phenotype but revealed [a] reduced lifespan compared to wild - type [(] w.t [.] ) mice and showed , with aging , a [b] cell lymphoproliferation that often has features of a frank diffuse large [b] cell lymphoma [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 knock
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
1 dbl 2 knock
3 - 4 in
4 in 5 mice
4 in 6 are
6 are 16 or
7 viable 8 and
8 and 10 not
8 and 11 manifest
8 and 15 performances
10 not 11 manifest
12 either 13 decreased
13 decreased 15 performances
14 reproductive 15 performances
15 performances 16 or
16 or 19 phenotype
17 gross 19 phenotype
18 developmental 19 phenotype
19 phenotype 20 but
20 but 24 lifespan
21 revealed 24 lifespan
23 reduced 24 lifespan
24 lifespan 35 and
25 compared 26 to
25 compared 35 and
26 to 34 mice
27 wild 28 -
27 wild 29 type
29 type 34 mice
31 w.t 33 )
31 w.t 34 mice
35 and 36 showed
36 showed 38 with
36 showed 44 lymphoproliferation
36 showed 47 has
37 , 38 with
38 with 39 aging
38 with 40 ,
41 a 44 lymphoproliferation
43 cell 44 lymphoproliferation
44 lymphoproliferation 47 has
45 that 46 often
46 often 47 has
47 has 48 features
47 has 52 diffuse
48 features 49 of
49 of 51 frank
50 a 51 frank
52 diffuse 56 lymphoma
53 large 55 cell
55 cell 56 lymphoma

moreover , dbl [knock] - in male mice displayed an increased incidence of lung adenoma compared to w.t . mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 12 incidence
2 , 3 dbl
3 dbl 5 -
3 dbl 12 incidence
6 in 8 mice
6 in 12 incidence
7 male 8 mice
8 mice 9 displayed
10 an 12 incidence
11 increased 12 incidence
12 incidence 13 of
12 incidence 16 compared
13 of 15 adenoma
14 lung 15 adenoma
16 compared 17 to
17 to 18 w.t
19 . 20 mice
19 . 21 .

these data indicate that dbl is a tumor susceptibility gene in mice and that loss [of] function [of] dbl dh domain by genetic missense mutations is responsible for induction of diffuse large [b] cell lymphoma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 dbl
4 that 6 is
5 dbl 6 is
6 is 10 gene
6 is 11 in
7 a 10 gene
8 tumor 9 susceptibility
9 susceptibility 10 gene
11 in 12 mice
13 and 21 domain
13 and 26 is
14 that 21 domain
15 loss 21 domain
17 function 21 domain
19 dbl 20 dh
20 dh 21 domain
21 domain 22 by
21 domain 26 is
22 by 25 mutations
23 genetic 25 mutations
24 missense 25 mutations
26 is 27 responsible
27 responsible 28 for
28 for 29 induction
29 induction 30 of
30 of 35 lymphoma
31 diffuse 34 cell
32 large 34 cell
34 cell 35 lymphoma

[none] none background : blood pressure ( bp ) is recognized as a major risk factor for white matter lesions ( wmls ) , but longitudinal data are scarce , and there is insufficient evidence for the benefit of antihypertensive therapy on wml progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 none 3 background
4 : 6 pressure
4 : 11 recognized
4 : 25 but
4 : 31 and
5 blood 6 pressure
6 pressure 8 bp
6 pressure 10 is
7 ( 8 bp
8 bp 9 )
10 is 11 recognized
11 recognized 12 as
12 as 16 factor
13 a 16 factor
14 major 16 factor
15 risk 16 factor
16 factor 17 for
16 factor 22 wmls
17 for 18 white
18 white 19 matter
18 white 20 lesions
19 matter 20 lesions
21 ( 22 wmls
22 wmls 23 )
24 , 25 but
25 but 27 data
25 but 28 are
26 longitudinal 27 data
27 data 28 are
28 are 29 scarce
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 there
31 and 33 is
32 there 33 is
33 is 35 evidence
34 insufficient 35 evidence
35 evidence 36 for
35 evidence 39 of
36 for 38 benefit
37 the 38 benefit
39 of 41 therapy
40 antihypertensive 41 therapy
41 therapy 42 on
42 on 44 progression
43 wml 44 progression

we studied the relationship between bp change and wml volume progression over time in a sample of 1319 elderly individuals who had 2 cerebral magnetic resonance imaging examinations 4 years [apart] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 studied
2 studied 4 relationship
2 studied 5 between
2 studied 12 over
3 the 4 relationship
5 between 8 and
6 bp 7 change
7 change 8 and
8 and 11 progression
9 wml 10 volume
10 volume 11 progression
12 over 13 time
13 time 14 in
14 in 16 sample
15 a 16 sample
16 sample 17 of
16 sample 21 who
16 sample 22 had
17 of 20 individuals
18 1319 20 individuals
19 elderly 20 individuals
21 who 22 had
22 had 30 years
23 2 30 years
24 cerebral 26 resonance
25 magnetic 26 resonance
26 resonance 28 examinations
27 imaging 28 examinations
28 examinations 30 years
29 4 30 years

we also examined the impact of antihypertensive treatment on wml progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 we 3 examined
2 also 3 examined
3 examined 5 impact
3 examined 9 on
4 the 5 impact
5 impact 6 of
6 of 8 treatment
7 antihypertensive 8 treatment
9 on 11 progression
10 wml 11 progression

methods and results : subjects were participants from the three - city ( 3c ) - dijon magnetic resonance imaging study , a prospective population [-] based cohort of elderly ≥ 65 years of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 5 subjects
4 : 6 were
5 subjects 6 were
6 were 7 participants
6 were 28 cohort
7 participants 8 from
7 participants 21 study
8 from 10 three
9 the 10 three
10 three 12 city
11 - 12 city
12 city 14 3c
12 city 15 )
13 ( 14 3c
14 3c 15 )
16 - 21 study
17 dijon 18 magnetic
18 magnetic 19 resonance
19 resonance 20 imaging
20 imaging 21 study
21 study 22 ,
23 a 24 prospective
23 a 28 cohort
24 prospective 25 population
25 population 27 based
27 based 28 cohort
28 cohort 29 of
28 cohort 34 of
29 of 33 years
30 elderly 33 years
31 ≥ 33 years
32 65 33 years
34 of 35 age

wml volumes and their progression were estimated with the use of a fully automatic procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 wml 2 volumes
2 volumes 3 and
3 and 5 progression
3 and 6 were
4 their 5 progression
6 were 7 estimated
7 estimated 8 with
8 with 10 use
9 the 10 use
10 use 11 of
11 of 15 procedure
12 a 13 fully
12 a 15 procedure
13 fully 14 automatic
14 automatic 15 procedure

we performed ancova models first to assess the association between bp change and wml progression and second to estimate the relation between antihypertensive treatment and wml load progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 16 and
2 performed 4 models
2 performed 6 to
2 performed 10 between
2 performed 16 and
3 ancova 4 models
5 first 6 to
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 9 association
8 the 9 association
10 between 13 and
11 bp 12 change
12 change 13 and
13 and 15 progression
14 wml 15 progression
16 and 17 second
16 and 18 to
18 to 19 estimate
19 estimate 21 relation
19 estimate 22 between
20 the 21 relation
22 between 25 and
23 antihypertensive 24 treatment
24 treatment 25 and
25 and 28 progression
26 wml 28 progression
27 load 28 progression

baseline and change in bp were significant predictors of higher wml progression over time after controlling for potential confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 baseline 2 and
2 and 3 change
2 and 4 in
2 and 6 were
4 in 5 bp
6 were 8 predictors
7 significant 8 predictors
8 predictors 9 of
8 predictors 13 over
9 of 12 progression
10 higher 12 progression
11 wml 12 progression
13 over 14 time
14 time 15 after
15 after 16 controlling
16 controlling 17 for
16 controlling 19 confounders
17 for 18 potential

among subjects with high sbp [(] ≥ 160 mm [hg] [ )(at baseline not treated by antihypertensive medication , antihypertensive treatment started within 2 years [was] related to a smaller increase [in] wml [volume] at a 4 [-] year follow - up [(] 0.24 [cm³] [;] [se=0.44] cm³ ) than no hypertensive treatment ( 1.60 [cm³] [;] se = 0.26 cm³ [;] [p] = 0.0008 [ )(on multivariable modeling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sbp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ≥
1 among 2 subjects
1 among 5 sbp
3 with 4 high
3 with 5 sbp
5 sbp 7 ≥
7 ≥ 9 mm
8 160 9 mm
9 mm 12 )(at
12 )(at 13 baseline
13 baseline 14 not
13 baseline 21 treatment
13 baseline 22 started
13 baseline 23 within
14 not 15 treated
15 treated 16 by
15 treated 19 ,
15 treated 20 antihypertensive
16 by 18 medication
17 antihypertensive 18 medication
21 treatment 22 started
23 within 25 years
24 2 25 years
25 years 27 related
27 related 28 to
28 to 31 increase
29 a 31 increase
30 smaller 31 increase
31 increase 33 wml
31 increase 40 follow
33 wml 35 at
33 wml 40 follow
35 at 39 year
36 a 39 year
37 4 39 year
40 follow 42 up
40 follow 50 than
41 - 42 up
42 up 48 cm³
42 up 49 )
44 0.24 48 cm³
50 than 53 treatment
51 no 53 treatment
52 hypertensive 53 treatment
53 treatment 58 se
54 ( 58 se
55 1.60 58 se
58 se 64 =
58 se 70 .
59 = 60 0.26
60 0.26 61 cm³
61 cm³ 64 =
64 = 65 0.0008
65 0.0008 67 )(on
67 )(on 69 modeling
68 multivariable 69 modeling

conclusions : our findings reinforce the hypothesis that hypertension is a strong predictor of wml and that adequate treatment may reduce the course of wml progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 10 is
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 reinforce
5 reinforce 7 hypothesis
6 the 7 hypothesis
8 that 9 hypertension
9 hypertension 10 is
10 is 13 predictor
11 a 13 predictor
12 strong 13 predictor
13 predictor 14 of
13 predictor 19 treatment
13 predictor 21 reduce
14 of 16 and
15 wml 16 and
16 and 17 that
18 adequate 19 treatment
19 treatment 20 may
20 may 21 reduce
21 reduce 23 course
22 the 23 course
23 course 24 of
24 of 26 progression
25 wml 26 progression

because wmls are linked to both dementia and stroke risks , these results could have implications for future preventive trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 because 2 wmls
1 because 4 linked
1 because 11 ,
1 because 13 results
2 wmls 3 are
3 are 4 linked
4 linked 5 to
5 to 8 and
6 both 8 and
7 dementia 8 and
8 and 10 risks
8 and 11 ,
9 stroke 10 risks
12 these 13 results
13 results 14 could
14 could 15 have
15 have 16 implications
16 implications 17 for
17 for 20 trials
18 future 20 trials
19 preventive 20 trials

objective : to reexamine the association between the neuronal [sortilin] - related receptor gene ( sorl1 ) and alzheimer disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 reexamine
2 : 24 .
3 to 4 reexamine
4 reexamine 18 and
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 between
6 association 18 and
7 between 14 gene
8 the 14 gene
9 neuronal 11 -
9 neuronal 13 receptor
12 related 13 receptor
13 receptor 14 gene
14 gene 16 sorl1
15 ( 16 sorl1
16 sorl1 17 )
18 and 20 disease
18 and 22 ad
19 alzheimer 20 disease
21 ( 22 ad
22 ad 23 )

design : comprehensive and unbiased meta - analysis of all published and unpublished data from case [-] control studies for the sorl1 single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) that had been repeatedly assessed across studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 and
3 comprehensive 4 and
4 and 8 analysis
4 and 9 of
5 unbiased 8 analysis
6 meta 7 -
6 meta 8 analysis
9 of 12 and
10 all 11 published
10 all 12 and
12 and 14 data
12 and 15 from
13 unpublished 14 data
15 from 19 studies
16 case 19 studies
18 control 19 studies
19 studies 20 for
19 studies 30 that
19 studies 31 had
20 for 23 single
21 the 23 single
22 sorl1 23 single
23 single 26 polymorphisms
24 - 26 polymorphisms
25 nucleotide 26 polymorphisms
26 polymorphisms 28 snps
26 polymorphisms 29 )
27 ( 28 snps
28 snps 29 )
30 that 31 had
31 had 32 been
32 been 33 repeatedly
32 been 34 assessed
34 assessed 35 across
35 across 36 studies

setting : academic research institutions in the united states , the netherlands , canada , belgium , the united kingdom , singapore , japan , sweden , germany , france , and italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 32 and
3 academic 5 institutions
4 research 5 institutions
5 institutions 6 in
5 institutions 10 ,
6 in 9 states
7 the 9 states
8 united 9 states
10 , 12 netherlands
10 , 13 ,
11 the 12 netherlands
13 , 14 canada
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 belgium
15 , 17 ,
17 , 20 kingdom
17 , 21 ,
18 the 20 kingdom
19 united 20 kingdom
21 , 22 singapore
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 japan
23 , 32 and
24 japan 26 sweden
25 , 26 sweden
26 sweden 28 germany
26 sweden 30 france
26 sweden 31 ,
27 , 28 germany
28 germany 29 ,
29 , 30 france
30 france 31 ,
32 and 33 italy

participants : all published white and asian case - control data sets , which included a total of 12,464 cases and 17,929 controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 participants 2 :
2 : 6 and
3 all 6 and
4 published 5 white
5 white 6 and
6 and 8 case
7 asian 8 case
9 - 11 data
9 - 12 sets
9 - 13 ,
9 - 24 .
10 control 11 data
11 data 12 sets
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 included
14 which 15 included
15 included 17 total
16 a 17 total
17 total 18 of
18 of 21 and
19 12,464 20 cases
20 cases 21 and
21 and 23 controls
22 17,929 23 controls

main outcome measures : alzheimer disease according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( fourth edition ) and the national institute of neurological and communicative disorders and stroke and the alzheimer 's disease and related disorders association ( now known as the alzheimer 's association ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 6 disease
4 : 8 to
4 : 43 known
5 alzheimer 6 disease
7 according 8 to
8 to 21 and
9 the 10 diagnostic
10 diagnostic 11 and
11 and 13 manual
11 and 14 of
11 and 19 edition
11 and 21 and
12 statistical 13 manual
14 of 16 disorders
15 mental 16 disorders
17 ( 19 edition
18 fourth 19 edition
19 edition 20 )
21 and 24 institute
21 and 25 of
22 the 24 institute
23 national 24 institute
25 of 32 and
26 neurological 27 and
27 and 29 disorders
27 and 30 and
28 communicative 29 disorders
30 and 31 stroke
30 and 32 and
32 and 40 association
33 the 34 alzheimer
34 alzheimer 35 's
35 's 40 association
36 disease 37 and
37 and 38 related
38 related 39 disorders
39 disorders 40 association
41 ( 43 known
42 now 43 known
43 known 44 as
43 known 49 )
44 as 48 association
45 the 46 alzheimer
46 alzheimer 47 's
47 's 48 association

results : in the white data sets , several markers were associated with ad after correction for multiple testing , including previously reported snps 8 , 9 [,] and 10 ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 7 sets
4 the 7 sets
5 white 7 sets
6 data 7 sets
8 , 10 markers
8 , 12 associated
8 , 20 ,
9 several 10 markers
10 markers 11 were
11 were 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 after
13 with 14 ad
15 after 16 correction
16 correction 17 for
17 for 19 testing
18 multiple 19 testing
20 , 21 including
20 , 23 reported
21 including 23 reported
22 previously 23 reported
23 reported 24 snps
24 snps 25 8
24 snps 29 and
26 , 29 and
27 9 29 and
29 and 30 10
29 and 33 <
29 and 37 .
31 ( 33 <
32 p 33 <
33 < 35 001
33 < 36 )

in addition , the c - [g] - c haplotype at snps 8 through 10 was associated with ad risk ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 haplotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 10 haplotype
4 the 10 haplotype
5 c 6 -
6 - 8 -
6 - 10 haplotype
8 - 9 c
8 - 10 haplotype
10 haplotype 11 at
10 haplotype 16 was
11 at 12 snps
12 snps 13 8
12 snps 14 through
14 through 15 10
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 risk
19 ad 20 risk
20 risk 23 <
21 ( 23 <
22 p 23 <
23 < 25 001
23 < 26 )

in the combined asian data sets , snps 19 and 23 through 25 were associated with ad risk ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 4 asian
1 in 5 data
2 the 4 asian
3 combined 4 asian
5 data 6 sets
7 , 8 snps
7 , 15 associated
8 snps 10 and
8 snps 12 through
8 snps 14 were
9 19 10 and
10 and 11 23
12 through 13 25
14 were 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 risk
17 ad 18 risk
18 risk 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 23 001
21 < 24 )

the disease - associated alleles at snps 8 , 9 , and 10 [(] 120,873,131 - 120,886,175 base pairs [ [bp] []] [;] c - g - [c] alleles [ )(, at snp 19 ( 120,953,300 bp ; [g] allele [ )(, and at snps 24 through 25 ( [120,988,611] [bp] [;] t and [c] alleles ) were the same previously reported [alleles] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 disease
3 - 5 alleles
3 - 11 ,
4 associated 5 alleles
5 alleles 6 at
6 at 7 snps
7 snps 8 8
7 snps 10 9
9 , 10 9
10 9 11 ,
11 , 12 and
11 , 16 -
12 and 13 10
13 10 15 120,873,131
16 - 17 120,886,175
16 - 18 base
16 - 27 -
17 120,886,175 18 base
18 base 19 pairs
18 base 25 -
20 [ 25 -
24 c 25 -
25 - 26 g
25 - 27 -
27 - 29 alleles
27 - 38 ;
29 alleles 32 at
31 )(, 32 at
32 at 33 snp
32 at 38 ;
33 snp 34 19
33 snp 37 bp
35 ( 37 bp
36 120,953,300 37 bp
37 bp 38 ;
38 ; 40 allele
38 ; 43 and
42 )(, 43 and
43 and 46 24
44 at 45 snps
44 at 46 24
46 24 47 through
46 24 54 and
46 24 58 were
47 through 48 25
49 ( 54 and
53 t 54 and
54 and 56 alleles
54 and 57 )
58 were 60 same
59 the 60 same
60 same 62 reported
61 previously 62 reported
62 reported 64 .

the snps 4 through 5 , 8 through 10 , 12 , and [19] through 25 belong to distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 snps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 belong
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 snps
2 snps 3 4
2 snps 13 and
2 snps 17 belong
4 through 5 5
4 through 13 and
5 5 7 8
6 , 7 8
7 8 8 through
7 8 12 ,
8 through 9 10
9 10 11 12
10 , 11 12
11 12 12 ,
13 and 15 through
15 through 16 25
17 belong 18 to
18 to 22 blocks
19 distinct 20 linkage
20 linkage 22 blocks
21 disequilibrium 22 blocks

the same alleles at snps 8 through [10] [(] c - g - c [ )(, 19 [(] g [ )(, and 24 and 25 ( t [and] [c] ) have also been associated with ad endophenotypes , including white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging , cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid β - peptide 42 , and full - length sorl1 expression in the human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 same
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alleles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 alleles
3 alleles 4 at
3 alleles 7 through
4 at 5 snps
5 snps 6 8
7 through 10 c
11 - 12 g
11 - 13 -
13 - 14 c
13 - 16 )(,
16 )(, 17 19
16 )(, 21 )(,
17 19 19 g
21 )(, 22 and
22 and 24 and
23 24 24 and
24 and 25 25
24 and 27 t
24 and 31 have
26 ( 27 t
27 t 30 )
31 have 33 been
32 also 33 been
33 been 34 associated
34 associated 35 with
35 with 43 and
35 with 46 on
36 ad 37 endophenotypes
37 endophenotypes 38 ,
38 , 42 hyperintensities
38 , 43 and
39 including 40 white
40 white 41 matter
41 matter 42 hyperintensities
43 and 45 atrophy
44 hippocampal 45 atrophy
46 on 49 imaging
47 magnetic 49 imaging
48 resonance 49 imaging
49 imaging 52 fluid
49 imaging 61 and
50 , 52 fluid
51 cerebrospinal 52 fluid
52 fluid 53 measures
52 fluid 56 β
52 fluid 57 -
53 measures 54 of
53 measures 56 β
54 of 55 amyloid
57 - 61 and
58 peptide 59 42
58 peptide 61 and
60 , 61 and
61 and 66 expression
61 and 67 in
61 and 71 .
62 full 63 -
62 full 66 expression
64 length 66 expression
65 sorl1 66 expression
67 in 70 brain
68 the 70 brain
69 human 70 brain

conclusion : this comprehensive meta - analysis provides confirmatory evidence that multiple sorl1 variants in distinct linkage disequilibrium blocks are associated with ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 analysis
2 : 8 provides
2 : 24 .
3 this 4 comprehensive
4 comprehensive 7 analysis
5 meta 6 -
5 meta 7 analysis
7 analysis 8 provides
8 provides 10 evidence
8 provides 22 with
9 confirmatory 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 that
10 evidence 21 associated
11 that 14 variants
11 that 21 associated
12 multiple 14 variants
13 sorl1 14 variants
14 variants 15 in
14 variants 21 associated
15 in 18 disequilibrium
16 distinct 17 linkage
17 linkage 18 disequilibrium
18 disequilibrium 19 blocks
18 disequilibrium 20 are
19 blocks 20 are
22 with 23 ad

background : while demographic shifts project an increased need for long - term care for an aging population , hundreds of nursing homes close each year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 23 homes
2 : 24 close
2 : 27 .
3 while 5 shifts
3 while 6 project
3 while 19 ,
3 while 23 homes
4 demographic 5 shifts
5 shifts 6 project
6 project 9 need
7 an 9 need
8 increased 9 need
9 need 10 for
10 for 14 care
11 long 12 -
11 long 14 care
13 term 14 care
14 care 15 for
15 for 18 population
16 an 18 population
17 aging 18 population
20 hundreds 21 of
20 hundreds 23 homes
21 of 23 homes
22 nursing 23 homes
23 homes 24 close
24 close 26 year
25 each 26 year

we examine whether nursing home closures are geographically concentrated and related to local community characteristics such as the racial and ethnic population mix and poverty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 10 and
2 examine 3 whether
2 examine 10 and
3 whether 6 closures
3 whether 9 concentrated
4 nursing 6 closures
5 home 6 closures
6 closures 7 are
7 are 9 concentrated
8 geographically 9 concentrated
10 and 11 related
10 and 17 as
11 related 12 to
12 to 15 characteristics
13 local 14 community
14 community 15 characteristics
16 such 17 as
17 as 24 and
18 the 23 mix
19 racial 20 and
20 and 21 ethnic
20 and 22 population
22 population 23 mix
23 mix 24 and
24 and 25 poverty

methods : national online survey certification and reporting data were used to document cumulative nursing facility closures over a decade , 1999 through 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 closures
2 : 7 and
3 national 4 online
4 online 5 survey
5 survey 6 certification
6 certification 7 and
7 and 8 reporting
7 and 9 data
7 and 17 closures
9 data 10 were
10 were 11 used
11 used 12 to
11 used 17 closures
12 to 13 document
13 document 15 nursing
14 cumulative 15 nursing
16 facility 17 closures
17 closures 18 over
18 over 20 decade
19 a 20 decade
20 decade 22 1999
21 , 22 1999
22 1999 23 through
22 1999 25 .
23 through 24 2008

census 2000 zip code level demographics and poverty rates were matched to study facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 census
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 matched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 census 2 2000
1 census 7 and
1 census 10 were
1 census 11 matched
3 zip 4 code
4 code 6 demographics
5 level 6 demographics
6 demographics 7 and
7 and 9 rates
7 and 10 were
8 poverty 9 rates
11 matched 12 to
12 to 13 study
13 study 14 facilities

the weighted gini coefficient was used to measure geographic concentration of closures , and geographic information system maps to illustrate spatial clustering patterns of closures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 4 coefficient
2 weighted 4 coefficient
3 gini 4 coefficient
4 coefficient 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 measure
7 to 8 measure
8 measure 10 concentration
8 measure 19 to
9 geographic 10 concentration
10 concentration 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 closures 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 18 maps
15 geographic 16 information
16 information 18 maps
17 system 18 maps
19 to 20 illustrate
20 illustrate 23 patterns
21 spatial 23 patterns
22 clustering 23 patterns
23 patterns 24 of
24 of 25 closures

changes in bed supply due to closures were examined at various geographic levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 8 were
2 in 4 supply
3 bed 4 supply
4 supply 6 to
5 due 6 to
6 to 7 closures
8 were 9 examined
9 examined 10 at
10 at 13 levels
11 various 13 levels
12 geographic 13 levels

results : between 1999 and 2008 , a national total of 1776 freestanding nursing homes closed ( 11 % ) , compared with 1126 closures of hospital [-] based facilities ( nearly 50 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 between
2 : 22 compared
3 between 5 and
4 1999 5 and
5 and 6 2008
5 and 10 total
7 , 10 total
8 a 9 national
8 a 10 total
9 national 10 total
10 total 11 of
10 total 19 %
10 total 21 ,
11 of 15 homes
12 1776 15 homes
13 freestanding 14 nursing
14 nursing 15 homes
15 homes 16 closed
17 ( 19 %
18 11 19 %
19 % 20 )
21 , 22 compared
22 compared 23 with
22 compared 35 )
23 with 25 closures
24 1126 25 closures
25 closures 26 of
26 of 30 facilities
27 hospital 29 based
29 based 30 facilities
30 facilities 34 %
31 ( 34 %
32 nearly 33 50
33 50 34 %
34 % 35 )

combined , there was a net loss of over 5 % of beds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 combined 2 ,
1 combined 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 loss
5 a 6 net
5 a 7 loss
6 net 7 loss
7 loss 8 of
8 of 9 over
9 over 11 %
10 5 11 %
11 % 12 of
12 of 13 beds

the relative risk of closure was significantly higher in zip code areas with a higher proportion of blacks or hispanics or a higher poverty rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 risk
2 relative 3 risk
3 risk 4 of
3 risk 6 was
4 of 5 closure
6 was 7 significantly
6 was 8 higher
8 higher 9 in
8 higher 13 with
9 in 12 areas
10 zip 11 code
11 code 12 areas
13 with 16 proportion
14 a 16 proportion
15 higher 16 proportion
16 proportion 17 of
17 of 21 or
18 blacks 19 or
19 or 20 hispanics
19 or 21 or
21 or 25 rate
22 a 25 rate
23 higher 24 poverty
24 poverty 25 rate

the weighted gini coefficient for closures was 0.55 across all metropolitan statistical areas and [0.71] across zip codes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 4 coefficient
2 weighted 4 coefficient
3 gini 4 coefficient
4 coefficient 5 for
4 coefficient 7 was
5 for 6 closures
7 was 8 0.55
8 0.55 14 and
9 across 13 areas
9 across 14 and
10 all 13 areas
11 metropolitan 13 areas
12 statistical 13 areas
14 and 16 across
16 across 18 codes
17 zip 18 codes

closures tended to be spatially clustered in minority [-] concentrated zip codes around the urban core , often in pockets of concentrated poverty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 closures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 clustered
1 closures 2 tended
1 closures 6 clustered
2 tended 3 to
3 to 4 be
5 spatially 6 clustered
6 clustered 7 in
6 clustered 13 around
7 in 12 codes
8 minority 12 codes
10 concentrated 11 zip
11 zip 12 codes
13 around 16 core
14 the 16 core
15 urban 16 core
16 core 19 in
17 , 18 often
17 , 19 in
19 in 20 pockets
19 in 24 .
20 pockets 21 of
21 of 23 poverty
22 concentrated 23 poverty

conclusions : nursing home closures are geographically concentrated in minority and poor communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 5 closures
2 : 8 concentrated
3 nursing 5 closures
4 home 5 closures
5 closures 6 are
6 are 7 geographically
6 are 8 concentrated
8 concentrated 9 in
9 in 11 and
10 minority 11 and
11 and 13 communities
12 poor 13 communities

since nursing home use among the minority elderly population is growing while it is declining among whites , these findings suggest that disparities in access will increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 since 2 nursing
1 since 20 findings
2 nursing 4 use
2 nursing 12 while
3 home 4 use
4 use 5 among
4 use 9 population
4 use 11 growing
5 among 7 minority
6 the 7 minority
8 elderly 9 population
9 population 10 is
10 is 11 growing
12 while 13 it
12 while 14 is
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 declining
16 among 17 whites
16 among 18 ,
16 among 20 findings
19 these 20 findings
20 findings 21 suggest
21 suggest 22 that
22 that 23 disparities
22 that 27 increase
23 disparities 24 in
23 disparities 26 will
24 in 25 access
26 will 27 increase

mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose functional integrity requires a coordinated supply of proteins and phospholipids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 mitochondria 2 are
2 are 4 organelles
2 are 12 of
3 dynamic 4 organelles
4 organelles 5 whose
5 whose 7 integrity
6 functional 7 integrity
7 integrity 8 requires
8 requires 11 supply
9 a 11 supply
10 coordinated 11 supply
12 of 14 and
13 proteins 14 and
14 and 15 phospholipids

defined functions of specific phospholipids , like the mitochondrial signature lipid cardiolipin , are emerging in diverse processes , ranging from protein biogenesis and energy production to membrane fusion and apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 are
1 defined 2 functions
2 functions 3 of
2 functions 7 like
2 functions 14 are
3 of 5 phospholipids
4 specific 5 phospholipids
6 , 7 like
7 like 12 cardiolipin
7 like 13 ,
8 the 12 cardiolipin
9 mitochondrial 12 cardiolipin
10 signature 12 cardiolipin
11 lipid 12 cardiolipin
14 are 15 emerging
15 emerging 16 in
15 emerging 20 ranging
16 in 18 processes
17 diverse 18 processes
19 , 20 ranging
20 ranging 21 from
20 ranging 32 .
21 from 30 and
22 protein 23 biogenesis
23 biogenesis 24 and
24 and 26 production
24 and 27 to
24 and 30 and
25 energy 26 production
27 to 29 fusion
28 membrane 29 fusion
30 and 31 apoptosis

the accumulation of phospholipids within mitochondria depends on interorganellar lipid transport between the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) [and] mitochondria as well as intramitochondrial lipid trafficking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 depends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 5 within
2 accumulation 7 depends
3 of 4 phospholipids
5 within 6 mitochondria
7 depends 8 on
7 depends 12 between
7 depends 23 as
8 on 11 transport
9 interorganellar 10 lipid
10 lipid 11 transport
12 between 20 mitochondria
13 the 20 mitochondria
14 endoplasmic 20 mitochondria
15 reticulum 17 er
15 reticulum 20 mitochondria
16 ( 17 er
17 er 18 )
21 as 22 well
22 well 23 as
23 as 26 trafficking
24 intramitochondrial 25 lipid
25 lipid 26 trafficking

the discovery of proteins that regulate mitochondrial membrane lipid composition [and] of a multiprotein complex tethering er to mitochondrial membranes has unveiled novel mechanisms of mitochondrial membrane biogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 unveiled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 12 of
2 discovery 21 has
3 of 4 proteins
4 proteins 5 that
4 proteins 6 regulate
5 that 6 regulate
6 regulate 10 composition
7 mitochondrial 8 membrane
8 membrane 9 lipid
9 lipid 10 composition
12 of 15 complex
13 a 15 complex
14 multiprotein 15 complex
15 complex 16 tethering
16 tethering 17 er
17 er 18 to
18 to 20 membranes
19 mitochondrial 20 membranes
21 has 22 unveiled
22 unveiled 24 mechanisms
23 novel 24 mechanisms
24 mechanisms 25 of
25 of 28 biogenesis
26 mitochondrial 27 membrane
27 membrane 28 biogenesis

nad ( [p] )h:quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( nqo1 ) is a flavoenzyme that is important in maintaining the cellular redox state and regulating protein degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 nad 5 oxidoreductase
1 nad 10 is
2 ( 5 oxidoreductase
4 )h:quinone 5 oxidoreductase
5 oxidoreductase 6 1
5 oxidoreductase 8 nqo1
5 oxidoreductase 9 )
7 ( 8 nqo1
8 nqo1 9 )
10 is 12 flavoenzyme
11 a 12 flavoenzyme
12 flavoenzyme 13 that
12 flavoenzyme 17 maintaining
13 that 14 is
14 is 15 important
15 important 16 in
16 in 17 maintaining
17 maintaining 22 and
18 the 21 state
19 cellular 20 redox
20 redox 21 state
21 state 22 and
22 and 25 degradation
23 regulating 24 protein
24 protein 25 degradation

the nqo1 polymorphism c609t has been associated with increased susceptibility to various age - related pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 polymorphism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
1 the 3 polymorphism
2 nqo1 3 polymorphism
3 polymorphism 4 c609t
3 polymorphism 8 with
3 polymorphism 9 increased
4 c609t 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
9 increased 10 susceptibility
9 increased 11 to
11 to 13 age
12 various 13 age
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 pathologies
15 related 17 .

we show here that nqo1 protein level is regulated by the e3 ligase stub1/chip [(] c terminus of hsc70 - interacting protein ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 show
2 show 3 here
2 show 4 that
4 that 7 level
4 that 9 regulated
5 nqo1 7 level
6 protein 7 level
7 level 8 is
8 is 9 regulated
9 regulated 10 by
10 by 17 terminus
11 the 17 terminus
12 e3 17 terminus
13 ligase 17 terminus
14 stub1/chip 16 c
14 stub1/chip 17 terminus
17 terminus 18 of
18 of 19 hsc70
19 hsc70 22 protein
20 - 22 protein
21 interacting 22 protein
22 protein 23 )

nqo1 binds stub1 via the hsc70 - interacting domain [(] tetratricopeptide [repeat] [domain] ) and undergoes ubiquitination and degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 nqo1 15 and
1 nqo1 18 and
2 binds 3 stub1
2 binds 15 and
3 stub1 4 via
4 via 6 hsc70
5 the 6 hsc70
6 hsc70 11 tetratricopeptide
7 - 11 tetratricopeptide
8 interacting 9 domain
9 domain 11 tetratricopeptide
11 tetratricopeptide 14 )
15 and 16 undergoes
15 and 17 ubiquitination
18 and 19 degradation

we demonstrate here that the product of the c609t polymorphism ( p187s ) is a stronger stub1 interactor with increased susceptibility to ubiquitination by the e3 ligase stub1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 demonstrate
2 demonstrate 3 here
2 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 product
4 that 14 is
5 the 6 product
6 product 7 of
6 product 14 is
7 of 10 polymorphism
8 the 10 polymorphism
9 c609t 10 polymorphism
10 polymorphism 12 p187s
11 ( 12 p187s
12 p187s 13 )
14 is 18 interactor
15 a 18 interactor
16 stronger 18 interactor
17 stub1 18 interactor
18 interactor 19 with
19 with 21 susceptibility
20 increased 21 susceptibility
21 susceptibility 22 to
22 to 23 ubiquitination
23 ubiquitination 24 by
24 by 28 stub1
25 the 27 ligase
26 e3 27 ligase
27 ligase 28 stub1

furthermore , age - dependent decrease of stub1 correlates with increased nqo1 accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 age
4 - 6 decrease
4 - 9 correlates
4 - 14 .
5 dependent 6 decrease
6 decrease 7 of
6 decrease 9 correlates
7 of 8 stub1
9 correlates 10 with
10 with 13 accumulation
11 increased 13 accumulation
12 nqo1 13 accumulation

remarkably , examination [of] hippocampi from alzheimer disease patients revealed that in half of the cases examined the nqo1 protein level was undetectable due to c609t polymorphism , suggesting that the age - dependent accumulation of nqo1 is impaired in certain alzheimer disease patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 hippocampi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 revealed
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 5 hippocampi
3 examination 5 hippocampi
5 hippocampi 6 from
5 hippocampi 10 revealed
6 from 9 patients
7 alzheimer 8 disease
8 disease 9 patients
10 revealed 11 that
11 that 21 level
11 that 22 was
12 in 13 half
12 in 21 level
13 half 14 of
14 of 16 cases
15 the 16 cases
16 cases 17 examined
18 the 21 level
19 nqo1 20 protein
20 protein 21 level
21 level 22 was
22 was 23 undetectable
23 undetectable 25 to
24 due 25 to
25 to 27 polymorphism
26 c609t 27 polymorphism
27 polymorphism 33 -
28 , 33 -
29 suggesting 30 that
30 that 32 age
30 that 33 -
31 the 32 age
32 age 33 -
33 - 34 dependent
33 - 45 .
34 dependent 35 accumulation
34 dependent 38 is
34 dependent 39 impaired
35 accumulation 36 of
35 accumulation 38 is
36 of 37 nqo1
39 impaired 40 in
40 in 44 patients
41 certain 44 patients
42 alzheimer 43 disease
43 disease 44 patients

objective : to present sociodemographic and health status harmonized variables constructed to evaluate cross - national differences in term [of] disability free life expectancy ( dfle ) across different surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 28 across
3 to 10 variables
4 present 10 variables
5 sociodemographic 6 and
6 and 7 health
6 and 9 harmonized
8 status 9 harmonized
9 harmonized 10 variables
10 variables 11 constructed
10 variables 12 to
10 variables 14 cross
10 variables 17 differences
12 to 13 evaluate
13 evaluate 14 cross
15 - 17 differences
16 national 17 differences
17 differences 18 in
17 differences 27 )
18 in 26 dfle
19 term 26 dfle
21 disability 22 free
22 free 23 life
23 life 24 expectancy
24 expectancy 26 dfle
25 ( 26 dfle
26 dfle 27 )
28 across 30 surveys
29 different 30 surveys

method : the study comprises national surveys conducted in bulgaria , italy , and latin america and the caribbean . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 comprises
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 comprises
5 comprises 7 surveys
5 comprises 9 in
6 national 7 surveys
7 surveys 8 conducted
9 in 17 and
10 bulgaria 12 italy
10 bulgaria 14 and
11 , 12 italy
12 italy 13 ,
14 and 16 america
14 and 17 and
15 latin 16 america
17 and 19 caribbean
18 the 19 caribbean

a homogeneous group of health determinants for the older population was created and the dfle indicator based on sullivan 's method [was] developed considering the harmonized common variables on disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 a 2 homogeneous
1 a 3 group
2 homogeneous 3 group
3 group 4 of
3 group 11 was
4 of 6 determinants
5 health 6 determinants
6 determinants 7 for
7 for 10 population
8 the 10 population
9 older 10 population
11 was 12 created
13 and 16 indicator
13 and 20 's
14 the 16 indicator
15 dfle 16 indicator
16 indicator 17 based
16 indicator 20 's
17 based 18 on
18 on 19 sullivan
20 's 21 method
20 's 29 on
21 method 23 developed
21 method 24 considering
24 considering 28 variables
25 the 28 variables
26 harmonized 28 variables
27 common 28 variables
29 on 30 disability

results : for all countries , dfle values decline as age increases for both sexes , with a pronounced decline among women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
2 : 17 with
2 : 21 among
3 for 5 countries
4 all 5 countries
5 countries 7 dfle
6 , 7 dfle
7 dfle 8 values
7 dfle 9 decline
7 dfle 16 ,
8 values 9 decline
9 decline 10 as
10 as 12 increases
11 age 12 increases
12 increases 13 for
13 for 15 sexes
14 both 15 sexes
17 with 20 decline
18 a 20 decline
19 pronounced 20 decline
21 among 22 women

regardless the native [country] , women always present higher life expectancy than men at each age ; however , they live a higher percentage of these years with disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 regardless 6 women
2 the 6 women
3 native 5 ,
3 native 6 women
6 women 8 present
7 always 8 present
8 present 9 higher
8 present 11 expectancy
8 present 12 than
8 present 14 at
10 life 11 expectancy
12 than 13 men
14 at 16 age
15 each 16 age
17 ; 20 they
17 ; 21 live
18 however 19 ,
18 however 20 they
20 they 21 live
21 live 24 percentage
21 live 28 with
22 a 24 percentage
23 higher 24 percentage
24 percentage 25 of
25 of 27 years
26 these 27 years
28 with 29 disability

discussion : further research should be carried out with standardized instruments that allow a more direct comparison , along with measurements of the potential differences across countries , which could explain differences in disability prevalence and dfle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 research
2 : 7 carried
2 : 28 ,
3 further 4 research
4 research 5 should
5 should 6 be
6 be 7 carried
7 carried 8 out
7 carried 9 with
9 with 11 instruments
10 standardized 11 instruments
11 instruments 12 that
11 instruments 13 allow
12 that 13 allow
13 allow 17 comparison
13 allow 20 with
14 a 17 comparison
15 more 16 direct
16 direct 17 comparison
18 , 20 with
19 along 20 with
20 with 21 measurements
20 with 28 ,
21 measurements 22 of
21 measurements 26 across
22 of 25 differences
23 the 25 differences
24 potential 25 differences
26 across 27 countries
28 , 29 which
28 , 31 explain
29 which 30 could
30 could 31 explain
31 explain 32 differences
31 explain 33 in
33 in 36 and
34 disability 35 prevalence
35 prevalence 36 and
36 and 37 dfle

objective : to investigate whether the impact of negative and positive social exchanges on depression depends on relationship type [among] late middle age and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 whether
5 whether 7 impact
5 whether 16 depends
6 the 7 impact
7 impact 8 of
7 impact 16 depends
8 of 13 exchanges
9 negative 10 and
10 and 11 positive
10 and 13 exchanges
12 social 13 exchanges
13 exchanges 14 on
14 on 15 depression
16 depends 17 on
17 on 24 and
18 relationship 23 age
19 type 23 age
21 late 22 middle
22 middle 23 age
23 age 24 and
24 and 26 adults
25 older 26 adults

method : using data from the english longitudinal study of aging , baseline positive and negative exchanges with partners , children , other family and friends were linked to 2 - year changes in depression on the eight - item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 method 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 4 data
3 using 5 from
5 from 9 study
6 the 9 study
7 english 9 study
8 longitudinal 9 study
9 study 10 of
10 of 11 aging
12 , 17 exchanges
12 , 28 linked
13 baseline 17 exchanges
14 positive 15 and
15 and 16 negative
15 and 17 exchanges
17 exchanges 18 with
17 exchanges 27 were
18 with 25 and
19 partners 20 ,
20 , 21 children
20 , 22 ,
22 , 24 family
22 , 25 and
23 other 24 family
25 and 26 friends
27 were 28 linked
28 linked 29 to
28 linked 39 -
29 to 30 2
31 - 39 -
32 year 33 changes
33 changes 34 in
33 changes 39 -
34 in 35 depression
35 depression 36 on
36 on 38 eight
37 the 38 eight
39 - 41 center
39 - 47 .
40 item 41 center
41 center 42 for
42 for 46 scale
43 epidemiologic 44 studies
44 studies 45 depression
45 depression 46 scale

results : positive and negative exchanges with partners and with children were independently associated with depression , adjusting for age , gender , wealth , and baseline depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 positive
4 and 6 exchanges
4 and 14 associated
5 negative 6 exchanges
6 exchanges 9 and
6 exchanges 12 were
7 with 8 partners
7 with 9 and
9 and 10 with
10 with 11 children
12 were 14 associated
13 independently 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 18 adjusting
15 with 16 depression
17 , 18 adjusting
18 adjusting 19 for
18 adjusting 29 .
19 for 26 and
20 age 21 ,
21 , 22 gender
21 , 23 ,
23 , 24 wealth
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 depression
27 baseline 28 depression

negative but not positive exchanges with other family and with friends were associated with depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exchanges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 negative 2 but
2 but 3 not
2 but 4 positive
2 but 5 exchanges
3 not 4 positive
5 exchanges 9 and
5 exchanges 12 were
6 with 8 family
6 with 9 and
7 other 8 family
9 and 10 with
10 with 11 friends
12 were 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 depression

the association between depression and positive/negative exchanges was weaker among the [above] 70 s compared with those aged 50 to 70 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 8 was
3 between 5 and
4 depression 5 and
5 and 7 exchanges
6 positive/negative 7 exchanges
8 was 9 weaker
9 weaker 10 among
10 among 20 to
11 the 20 to
13 70 14 s
13 70 20 to
14 s 15 compared
15 compared 16 with
16 with 17 those
17 those 18 aged
18 aged 19 50
20 to 21 70

discussion : negative and positive exchanges with partners and children appear equally salient for depression onset [although] negative exchanges with family and friends contribute to depression whereas positive exchanges do [not] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 6 exchanges
2 : 7 with
3 negative 4 and
4 and 5 positive
4 and 6 exchanges
7 with 8 partners
9 and 10 children
9 and 30 do
10 children 11 appear
11 appear 13 salient
12 equally 13 salient
13 salient 14 for
14 for 15 depression
15 depression 19 exchanges
15 depression 30 do
16 onset 19 exchanges
18 negative 19 exchanges
19 exchanges 20 with
19 exchanges 24 contribute
20 with 22 and
21 family 22 and
22 and 23 friends
24 contribute 25 to
24 contribute 27 whereas
25 to 26 depression
27 whereas 29 exchanges
28 positive 29 exchanges
29 exchanges 30 do

the establishment of modern humans in the late pleistocene , subsequent to their emergence in eastern africa , is likely to have involved substantial population increases , during their initial dispersal across southern asia and their subsequent expansions [throughout] africa and into more northern eurasia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 establishment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
1 the 2 establishment
2 establishment 3 of
2 establishment 11 subsequent
2 establishment 19 is
3 of 5 humans
4 modern 5 humans
5 humans 6 in
6 in 9 pleistocene
7 the 9 pleistocene
8 late 9 pleistocene
10 , 11 subsequent
11 subsequent 12 to
11 subsequent 18 ,
12 to 14 emergence
13 their 14 emergence
14 emergence 15 in
15 in 17 africa
16 eastern 17 africa
19 is 20 likely
20 likely 21 to
20 likely 28 during
21 to 22 have
22 have 23 involved
23 involved 26 increases
24 substantial 25 population
25 population 26 increases
27 , 28 during
28 during 31 dispersal
28 during 46 .
29 their 31 dispersal
30 initial 31 dispersal
31 dispersal 41 and
32 across 35 and
32 across 41 and
33 southern 34 asia
34 asia 35 and
35 and 40 africa
36 their 38 expansions
37 subsequent 38 expansions
38 expansions 40 africa
41 and 42 into
42 into 45 eurasia
43 more 45 eurasia
44 northern 45 eurasia

[an] [assessment] [of] [younger] ( 20 - [40] y ) [versus] older [(] >40 [y] ) adult mortality distributions for late archaic humans ( [principally] neandertals ) and two samples [of] early modern humans ( middle paleolithic and earlier [upper] paleolithic ) [provides] little difference across the samples . 
5 ( 7 -
6 20 7 -
7 - 9 y
7 - 10 )
7 - 19 distributions
12 older 17 adult
14 >40 16 )
14 >40 17 adult
17 adult 18 mortality
18 mortality 19 distributions
19 distributions 20 for
19 distributions 28 and
20 for 23 humans
21 late 23 humans
22 archaic 23 humans
23 humans 26 neandertals
24 ( 26 neandertals
26 neandertals 27 )
28 and 30 samples
28 and 34 humans
29 two 30 samples
32 early 34 humans
33 modern 34 humans
34 humans 45 difference
35 ( 45 difference
36 middle 45 difference
37 paleolithic 38 and
38 and 41 paleolithic
38 and 42 )
38 and 45 difference
39 earlier 41 paleolithic
44 little 45 difference
45 difference 46 across
45 difference 49 .
46 across 48 samples
47 the 48 samples

all three late pleistocene samples have [a] dearth of older individuals compared with holocene ethnographic/historical samples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 all 2 three
2 three 5 samples
3 late 4 pleistocene
4 pleistocene 5 samples
5 samples 6 have
6 have 8 dearth
8 dearth 9 of
9 of 11 individuals
10 older 11 individuals
11 individuals 12 compared
12 compared 13 with
13 with 14 holocene
13 with 16 samples
15 ethnographic/historical 16 samples

they also lack older adults compared with holocene paleodemographic profiles that have been critiqued for having too few older individuals for subsistence , social , and demographic viability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 they 3 lack
2 also 3 lack
3 lack 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 compared
5 adults 11 that
5 adults 12 have
6 compared 7 with
7 with 10 profiles
8 holocene 10 profiles
9 paleodemographic 10 profiles
11 that 12 have
12 have 13 been
13 been 14 critiqued
14 critiqued 15 for
14 critiqued 21 for
15 for 16 having
16 having 20 individuals
17 too 18 few
18 few 20 individuals
19 older 20 individuals
21 for 26 and
22 subsistence 23 ,
23 , 24 social
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 viability
27 demographic 28 viability

[although] biased , probably through a combination of preservation , age assessment , and especially pleistocene mobility requirements , these adult mortality distributions suggest low life expectancy and demographic instability across these late pleistocene human groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 biased 5 through
2 biased 10 ,
2 biased 11 age
3 , 4 probably
3 , 5 through
5 through 7 combination
5 through 10 ,
6 a 7 combination
7 combination 8 of
8 of 9 preservation
11 age 14 and
12 assessment 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 especially
14 and 18 requirements
14 and 19 ,
16 pleistocene 18 requirements
17 mobility 18 requirements
19 , 23 distributions
19 , 24 suggest
20 these 23 distributions
21 adult 22 mortality
22 mortality 23 distributions
23 distributions 24 suggest
24 suggest 28 and
24 suggest 31 across
25 low 26 life
26 life 27 expectancy
27 expectancy 28 and
28 and 30 instability
29 demographic 30 instability
31 across 36 groups
32 these 36 groups
33 late 34 pleistocene
34 pleistocene 36 groups
35 human 36 groups

they indicate only subtle and paleontologically invisible changes in human paleodemographics with the establishment of modern humans ; they provide no support for a life history advantage among early modern humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 they 2 indicate
2 indicate 3 only
2 indicate 8 changes
2 indicate 9 in
2 indicate 12 with
4 subtle 5 and
5 and 7 invisible
5 and 8 changes
6 paleontologically 7 invisible
9 in 11 paleodemographics
10 human 11 paleodemographics
12 with 14 establishment
13 the 14 establishment
14 establishment 15 of
15 of 17 humans
16 modern 17 humans
18 ; 19 they
18 ; 20 provide
19 they 20 provide
20 provide 22 support
21 no 22 support
22 support 23 for
23 for 27 advantage
24 a 25 life
24 a 27 advantage
25 life 26 history
26 history 27 advantage
27 advantage 28 among
28 among 31 humans
29 early 31 humans
30 modern 31 humans

modulation of dna repair proteins by small molecules has attracted great interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 modulation 2 of
1 modulation 9 has
2 of 5 proteins
3 dna 5 proteins
4 repair 5 proteins
5 proteins 6 by
6 by 8 molecules
7 small 8 molecules
9 has 10 attracted
10 attracted 12 interest
11 great 12 interest

[an] in vitro helicase activity [screen] was used to identify molecules that modulate dna unwinding by werner syndrome helicase ( wrn ) , mutated in the premature aging disorder werner syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 in 3 vitro
3 vitro 5 activity
4 helicase 5 activity
5 activity 23 ,
7 was 8 used
7 was 23 ,
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 identify
9 to 10 identify
10 identify 11 molecules
10 identify 16 by
11 molecules 12 that
11 molecules 13 modulate
12 that 13 modulate
13 modulate 14 dna
14 dna 15 unwinding
16 by 19 helicase
17 werner 19 helicase
18 syndrome 19 helicase
19 helicase 21 wrn
20 ( 21 wrn
21 wrn 22 )
23 , 24 mutated
24 mutated 25 in
25 in 31 syndrome
26 the 31 syndrome
27 premature 29 disorder
28 aging 29 disorder
29 disorder 31 syndrome
30 werner 31 syndrome

a small molecule from the national cancer institute diversity set designated nsc 19630 [ 1 - ( propoxymethyl ) - maleimide ] was identified that inhibited wrn helicase activity but did not affect other dna helicases [ bloom [syndrome] ( blm ) , fanconi anemia group j ( fancj ) , recq1 , recq , uvrd , or dnab ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 molecule
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
1 a 2 small
1 a 3 molecule
2 small 3 molecule
3 molecule 4 from
3 molecule 23 was
4 from 9 diversity
5 the 9 diversity
6 national 7 cancer
7 cancer 8 institute
8 institute 9 diversity
9 diversity 10 set
9 diversity 11 designated
9 diversity 21 maleimide
10 set 11 designated
11 designated 12 nsc
12 nsc 13 19630
12 nsc 15 1
12 nsc 18 propoxymethyl
14 [ 15 1
15 1 16 -
17 ( 18 propoxymethyl
18 propoxymethyl 19 )
20 - 21 maleimide
21 maleimide 22 ]
23 was 30 but
24 identified 29 activity
24 identified 30 but
25 that 26 inhibited
26 inhibited 29 activity
27 wrn 29 activity
28 helicase 29 activity
30 but 31 did
31 did 32 not
31 did 33 affect
33 affect 36 helicases
34 other 36 helicases
35 dna 36 helicases
36 helicases 38 bloom
37 [ 38 bloom
38 bloom 41 blm
38 bloom 46 group
38 bloom 52 recq1
38 bloom 60 )
40 ( 41 blm
41 blm 42 )
43 , 46 group
44 fanconi 46 group
45 anemia 46 group
46 group 47 j
46 group 49 fancj
46 group 51 ,
48 ( 49 fancj
49 fancj 50 )
51 , 52 recq1
52 recq1 58 or
52 recq1 60 )
53 , 58 or
54 recq 56 uvrd
54 recq 58 or
55 , 56 uvrd
56 uvrd 57 ,
57 , 58 or
58 or 59 dnab
58 or 60 )

exposure of human cells to nsc 19630 dramatically impaired growth and proliferation , induced apoptosis in a wrn - dependent manner , and resulted in elevated [γ] - h2ax and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( pcna ) foci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 exposure 2 of
1 exposure 5 to
1 exposure 9 impaired
2 of 4 cells
3 human 4 cells
5 to 6 nsc
6 nsc 7 19630
8 dramatically 9 impaired
9 impaired 11 and
10 growth 11 and
11 and 12 proliferation
11 and 13 ,
11 and 23 and
14 induced 15 apoptosis
14 induced 23 and
15 apoptosis 16 in
16 in 18 wrn
17 a 18 wrn
18 wrn 21 manner
19 - 21 manner
20 dependent 21 manner
21 manner 22 ,
23 and 24 resulted
23 and 25 in
23 and 26 elevated
28 - 30 and
28 - 39 .
29 h2ax 30 and
30 and 38 foci
31 proliferating 32 cell
32 cell 38 foci
33 nuclear 38 foci
34 antigen 36 pcna
34 antigen 37 )
34 antigen 38 foci
35 ( 36 pcna
36 pcna 37 )

nsc 19630 exposure led to delayed s - phase progression , consistent with the accumulation [of] stalled replication [forks] , and to dna damage in a wrn - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nsc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 delayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 nsc 2 19630
1 nsc 3 exposure
1 nsc 5 to
1 nsc 6 delayed
3 exposure 4 led
4 led 5 to
6 delayed 7 s
8 - 9 phase
8 - 28 -
9 phase 10 progression
10 progression 12 consistent
11 , 12 consistent
12 consistent 21 and
12 consistent 25 in
12 consistent 28 -
13 with 18 replication
13 with 21 and
14 the 18 replication
15 accumulation 17 stalled
17 stalled 18 replication
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 to
22 to 24 damage
23 dna 24 damage
25 in 27 wrn
26 a 27 wrn
28 - 30 manner
29 dependent 30 manner

exposure to nsc 19630 sensitized cancer cells to [the] g - quadruplex - binding compound telomestatin or a [poly] [(] adp ribose [ )(polymerase ( parp ) inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 sensitized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 5 sensitized
2 to 3 nsc
3 nsc 4 19630
5 sensitized 7 cells
6 cancer 7 cells
7 cells 8 to
8 to 10 g
11 - 28 inhibitor
11 - 29 .
12 quadruplex 17 or
12 quadruplex 27 )
12 quadruplex 28 inhibitor
13 - 17 or
14 binding 16 telomestatin
15 compound 16 telomestatin
16 telomestatin 17 or
17 or 24 )(polymerase
17 or 26 parp
17 or 27 )
18 a 24 )(polymerase
21 adp 22 ribose
22 ribose 24 )(polymerase
25 ( 26 parp
26 parp 27 )

sublethal dosage of nsc 19630 and the chemotherapy drug topotecan acted synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation [and] [induce] dna damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 drug
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 sublethal 2 dosage
2 dosage 3 of
2 dosage 6 and
3 of 4 nsc
4 nsc 5 19630
6 and 8 chemotherapy
6 and 9 drug
7 the 8 chemotherapy
9 drug 10 topotecan
9 drug 12 synergistically
9 drug 13 to
10 topotecan 11 acted
13 to 14 inhibit
14 inhibit 20 damage
15 cell 20 damage
16 proliferation 20 damage
19 dna 20 damage

the use of this wrn helicase inhibitor molecule may provide insight into the importance of wrn - mediated [pathway] [(] [s] ) important for dna repair and the replicational stress response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 9 may
3 of 8 molecule
4 this 8 molecule
5 wrn 8 molecule
6 helicase 8 molecule
7 inhibitor 8 molecule
9 may 10 provide
10 provide 11 insight
10 provide 12 into
12 into 14 importance
13 the 14 importance
14 importance 15 of
14 importance 23 important
15 of 16 wrn
16 wrn 18 mediated
17 - 18 mediated
18 mediated 22 )
23 important 24 for
24 for 27 and
25 dna 26 repair
26 repair 27 and
27 and 31 response
28 the 31 response
29 replicational 30 stress
30 stress 31 response

objective : infants who cry a lot , or [are] unsettled in the night , are common sources of concern for parents and costly problems for health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 infants
2 : 12 in
3 infants 4 who
3 infants 9 or
4 who 9 or
5 cry 7 lot
5 cry 9 or
6 a 7 lot
8 , 9 or
9 or 11 unsettled
12 in 14 night
13 the 14 night
15 , 16 are
16 are 18 sources
16 are 19 of
17 common 18 sources
19 of 23 and
20 concern 21 for
20 concern 23 and
21 for 22 parents
23 and 25 problems
23 and 26 for
24 costly 25 problems
26 for 28 services
27 health 28 services

the two types of problems have been linked together and attributed to a general disturbance of infant regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 types
3 types 4 of
3 types 5 problems
4 of 5 problems
5 problems 10 and
6 have 7 been
6 have 10 and
7 been 8 linked
8 linked 9 together
10 and 11 attributed
10 and 12 to
12 to 15 disturbance
13 a 14 general
13 a 15 disturbance
14 general 15 disturbance
15 disturbance 16 of
16 of 18 regulation
17 infant 18 regulation

[yet] the infant behaviours involved present differently [,] at separate ages and times of day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 the 4 behaviours
3 infant 4 behaviours
4 behaviours 5 involved
4 behaviours 6 present
4 behaviours 12 and
6 present 7 differently
7 differently 9 at
9 at 11 ages
10 separate 11 ages
12 and 13 times
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 day

to clarify causation , this study aims to assess whether prolonged crying at 5 - 6 weeks ( the peak age for crying ) predicts which infants are unsettled in the night at 12 weeks of age ( when most infants become settled at night ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 clarify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 to 2 clarify
2 clarify 3 causation
4 , 6 study
4 , 7 aims
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 aims
7 aims 8 to
7 aims 39 when
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 10 whether
9 assess 33 at
10 whether 12 crying
10 whether 25 predicts
11 prolonged 12 crying
12 crying 13 at
12 crying 21 age
12 crying 25 predicts
13 at 17 weeks
14 5 15 -
15 - 16 6
15 - 17 weeks
18 ( 21 age
19 the 21 age
20 peak 21 age
21 age 22 for
21 age 24 )
22 for 23 crying
25 predicts 26 which
25 predicts 30 in
26 which 27 infants
27 infants 28 are
28 are 29 unsettled
30 in 32 night
31 the 32 night
33 at 35 weeks
34 12 35 weeks
35 weeks 36 of
36 of 37 age
38 ( 39 when
39 when 41 infants
39 when 42 become
39 when 46 )
40 most 41 infants
41 infants 42 become
42 become 43 settled
43 settled 44 at
44 at 45 night

methods : data from two longitudinal studies are analysed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 data
2 : 9 analysed
2 : 10 .
3 data 4 from
3 data 8 are
4 from 7 studies
5 two 7 studies
6 longitudinal 7 studies
8 are 9 analysed

infant crying data were obtained from validated behaviour diaries ; sleep - waking data from standard parental questionnaires . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 infant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
1 infant 2 crying
1 infant 3 data
1 infant 6 from
1 infant 7 validated
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 obtained
5 obtained 6 from
7 validated 9 diaries
8 behaviour 9 diaries
10 ; 11 sleep
11 sleep 13 waking
12 - 13 waking
13 waking 14 data
13 waking 19 .
14 data 15 from
15 from 18 questionnaires
16 standard 18 questionnaires
17 parental 18 questionnaires

results : a significant , weak relationship was found between crying at 5 - 6 weeks and 12 - week night waking and signalling in one study , but not the other . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 relationship
2 : 9 found
2 : 17 and
3 a 4 significant
3 a 7 relationship
4 significant 5 ,
4 significant 7 relationship
6 weak 7 relationship
7 relationship 8 was
8 was 9 found
9 found 10 between
10 between 11 crying
11 crying 12 at
12 at 16 weeks
13 5 14 -
14 - 15 6
14 - 16 weeks
17 and 18 12
17 and 19 -
18 12 19 -
19 - 23 and
20 week 21 night
21 night 22 waking
21 night 23 and
23 and 24 signalling
23 and 29 but
24 signalling 25 in
25 in 27 study
26 one 27 study
28 , 29 but
29 but 30 not
29 but 32 other
29 but 33 .
31 the 32 other

most infants who met the definition [for] prolonged crying/colic at 5 - 6 weeks were settled during the night at 12 weeks of age ; they were not more likely than other infants to be unsettled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 settled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 most 2 infants
2 infants 3 who
2 infants 4 met
2 infants 15 were
3 who 4 met
4 met 6 definition
4 met 10 at
5 the 6 definition
6 definition 8 prolonged
8 prolonged 9 crying/colic
10 at 14 weeks
11 5 12 -
12 - 13 6
12 - 14 weeks
15 were 16 settled
16 settled 17 during
16 settled 20 at
17 during 19 night
18 the 19 night
20 at 22 weeks
21 12 22 weeks
22 weeks 23 of
23 of 24 age
25 ; 35 be
26 they 27 were
27 were 28 not
27 were 30 likely
29 more 30 likely
30 likely 31 than
30 likely 34 to
31 than 33 infants
32 other 33 infants
34 to 35 be
35 be 36 unsettled

conclusions : most infants who cry a lot at 5 - 6 weeks of age ['] sleep through the night ['] at 12 weeks of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 infants
2 : 8 lot
2 : 9 at
3 most 4 infants
4 infants 5 who
4 infants 6 cry
5 who 6 cry
7 a 8 lot
9 at 11 -
10 5 11 -
11 - 12 6
12 6 13 weeks
13 weeks 14 of
13 weeks 17 sleep
14 of 15 age
17 sleep 18 through
17 sleep 22 at
18 through 20 night
19 the 20 night
22 at 24 weeks
23 12 24 weeks
24 weeks 25 of
25 of 26 age

this adds to evidence that the two types of problematic behaviour have different causes , and that infant sleep - waking problems usually involve maintenance of signalling behaviours rather than a generalised disturbance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 adds
2 adds 3 to
3 to 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
5 that 8 types
5 that 12 have
6 the 7 two
7 two 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 12 have
9 of 11 behaviour
10 problematic 11 behaviour
12 have 16 and
12 have 19 sleep
13 different 14 causes
14 causes 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 infant
17 that 18 infant
20 - 22 problems
20 - 24 involve
21 waking 22 problems
22 problems 24 involve
23 usually 24 involve
24 involve 25 maintenance
25 maintenance 26 of
26 of 27 signalling
27 signalling 28 behaviours
27 signalling 30 than
29 rather 30 than
30 than 33 disturbance
31 a 33 disturbance
32 generalised 33 disturbance

aging is associated with modifications of the immune system , defined as immunosenescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 aging 10 ,
2 is 3 associated
2 is 10 ,
3 associated 4 with
4 with 5 modifications
5 modifications 6 of
6 of 9 system
7 the 9 system
8 immune 9 system
10 , 11 defined
10 , 12 as
12 as 13 immunosenescence

this could contribute to a reduced prevalence of allergic disease in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 could
2 could 3 contribute
3 contribute 4 to
3 contribute 11 in
4 to 7 prevalence
5 a 7 prevalence
6 reduced 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
8 of 10 disease
9 allergic 10 disease
11 in 14 population
12 the 14 population
13 elderly 14 population

in this regard , atopy has rarely been considered in the clinical assessment of the geriatric respiratory patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 atopy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 regard
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 atopy
2 this 3 regard
5 atopy 6 has
6 has 8 been
7 rarely 8 been
8 been 9 considered
9 considered 10 in
10 in 13 assessment
11 the 13 assessment
12 clinical 13 assessment
13 assessment 14 of
14 of 18 patient
15 the 18 patient
16 geriatric 18 patient
17 respiratory 18 patient

this article is a review of the available literature assessing the impact of age on atopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 is
3 is 5 review
4 a 5 review
5 review 6 of
6 of 9 literature
7 the 9 literature
8 available 9 literature
9 literature 10 assessing
10 assessing 12 impact
10 assessing 15 on
11 the 12 impact
12 impact 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 on 16 atopy

in the majority of papers , we found a lower prevalence of atopy in the most advanced ages , both in healthy subjects and in individuals affected by allergic respiratory diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 5 papers
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 we
2 the 3 majority
3 majority 4 of
3 majority 5 papers
4 of 5 papers
7 we 8 found
8 found 11 prevalence
8 found 14 in
9 a 11 prevalence
10 lower 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 of
12 of 13 atopy
14 in 18 ages
15 the 16 most
16 most 18 ages
17 advanced 18 ages
19 , 20 both
20 both 24 and
21 in 23 subjects
21 in 24 and
22 healthy 23 subjects
24 and 25 in
25 in 26 individuals
26 individuals 27 affected
27 affected 28 by
28 by 31 diseases
29 allergic 31 diseases
30 respiratory 31 diseases

unfortunately , no large , longitudinal studies performed in the general population have been conducted to further explore this observation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 7 studies
3 no 7 studies
4 large 5 ,
4 large 7 studies
6 longitudinal 7 studies
7 studies 8 performed
7 studies 13 have
8 performed 9 in
9 in 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 general 12 population
13 have 14 been
14 been 15 conducted
15 conducted 16 to
16 to 18 explore
17 further 18 explore
18 explore 20 observation
19 this 20 observation

although available data seem to favor the decline of allergen sensitization with age , the prevalence of allergic sensitizations in the elderly population with respiratory symptoms is substantial enough to warrant [evaluation] [of] the atopic condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 warrant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 although 3 data
1 although 4 seem
1 although 14 ,
1 although 16 prevalence
2 available 3 data
3 data 4 seem
4 seem 5 to
4 seem 6 favor
5 to 6 favor
6 favor 8 decline
6 favor 12 with
7 the 8 decline
8 decline 9 of
9 of 11 sensitization
10 allergen 11 sensitization
12 with 13 age
15 the 16 prevalence
16 prevalence 17 of
16 prevalence 20 in
16 prevalence 27 is
17 of 19 sensitizations
18 allergic 19 sensitizations
20 in 23 population
21 the 23 population
22 elderly 23 population
23 population 24 with
24 with 26 symptoms
25 respiratory 26 symptoms
27 is 28 substantial
28 substantial 29 enough
28 substantial 30 to
28 substantial 31 warrant
30 to 31 warrant
31 warrant 36 condition
34 the 36 condition
35 atopic 36 condition

from a clinical perspective , allergic reactions in older adults can have the same or even worse manifestations compared to young people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 from 4 perspective
1 from 5 ,
1 from 7 reactions
2 a 3 clinical
2 a 4 perspective
3 clinical 4 perspective
6 allergic 7 reactions
7 reactions 8 in
7 reactions 15 or
8 in 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 can 12 have
11 can 15 or
12 have 14 same
13 the 14 same
15 or 16 even
16 even 18 manifestations
17 worse 18 manifestations
18 manifestations 19 compared
19 compared 20 to
20 to 22 people
21 young 22 people

for this reasons , the evaluation of the atopic condition [also] in the geriatric patient is recommended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 2 this
2 this 3 reasons
4 , 6 evaluation
4 , 17 recommended
5 the 6 evaluation
6 evaluation 7 of
6 evaluation 16 is
7 of 10 condition
8 the 10 condition
9 atopic 10 condition
10 condition 12 in
12 in 15 patient
13 the 15 patient
14 geriatric 15 patient
16 is 17 recommended

thus , the role of atopy as it pertains to the diagnosis , therapy ( adoption of preventive [measure] such as removal of environmental [allergen] or immunotherapy ) , and prognosis ( influence on morbidity and mortality ) of chronic respiratory illnesses in the elderly [is] addressed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 pertains
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 role
3 the 4 role
4 role 5 of
4 role 9 pertains
5 of 6 atopy
6 atopy 7 as
7 as 8 it
9 pertains 10 to
10 to 12 diagnosis
11 the 12 diagnosis
12 diagnosis 14 therapy
13 , 14 therapy
14 therapy 16 adoption
14 therapy 48 .
15 ( 16 adoption
16 adoption 17 of
16 adoption 48 .
17 of 30 and
18 preventive 21 as
18 preventive 30 and
20 such 21 as
21 as 22 removal
22 removal 23 of
23 of 26 or
24 environmental 26 or
26 or 27 immunotherapy
26 or 28 )
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 prognosis
30 and 33 influence
32 ( 33 influence
33 influence 34 on
33 influence 48 .
34 on 36 and
35 morbidity 36 and
36 and 37 mortality
36 and 38 )
36 and 39 of
39 of 42 illnesses
40 chronic 42 illnesses
41 respiratory 42 illnesses
42 illnesses 43 in
42 illnesses 47 addressed
43 in 45 elderly
44 the 45 elderly

mutations in optn gene encoding optineurin have recently been identified at the homozygote and heterozygote state in japanese families with slowly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 mutations 2 in
1 mutations 7 have
2 in 6 optineurin
3 optn 6 optineurin
4 gene 6 optineurin
5 encoding 6 optineurin
7 have 9 been
8 recently 9 been
9 been 10 identified
10 identified 11 at
10 identified 17 in
10 identified 20 with
11 at 14 and
12 the 13 homozygote
13 homozygote 14 and
14 and 16 state
15 heterozygote 16 state
17 in 19 families
18 japanese 19 families
20 with 25 sclerosis
21 slowly 22 progressive
22 progressive 25 sclerosis
23 amyotrophic 25 sclerosis
24 lateral 25 sclerosis
25 sclerosis 27 als
26 ( 27 als
27 als 28 )

optn had previously been involved in adult primary open angle glaucoma ( poag ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 optn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 optn 2 had
2 had 4 been
3 previously 4 been
4 been 5 involved
5 involved 6 in
6 in 11 glaucoma
7 adult 11 glaucoma
8 primary 10 angle
9 open 10 angle
10 angle 11 glaucoma
11 glaucoma 13 poag
12 ( 13 poag
13 poag 14 )

we sequenced the coding exons of optn in 126 french patients with familial als ( fals ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sequenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 sequenced
2 sequenced 5 exons
2 sequenced 8 in
2 sequenced 12 with
3 the 5 exons
4 coding 5 exons
5 exons 6 of
6 of 7 optn
8 in 11 patients
9 126 11 patients
10 french 11 patients
12 with 16 fals
13 familial 16 fals
14 als 16 fals
15 ( 16 fals
16 fals 17 )

we identified , at the heterozygote state , the nonsense c.382_383insag variant ( also called 691_692insag ) , alternatively reported as a causative mutation for primary open angle glaucoma ( poag ) or a rare polymorphism and the new p.arg96leu variant in a family with dominant als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 at
2 identified 37 and
3 , 4 at
4 at 7 state
4 at 8 ,
5 the 7 state
6 heterozygote 7 state
9 the 11 c.382_383insag
10 nonsense 11 c.382_383insag
11 c.382_383insag 12 variant
11 c.382_383insag 33 or
12 variant 15 called
12 variant 20 reported
13 ( 15 called
14 also 15 called
15 called 16 691_692insag
15 called 17 )
18 , 20 reported
19 alternatively 20 reported
20 reported 21 as
20 reported 25 for
20 reported 32 )
21 as 24 mutation
22 a 24 mutation
23 causative 24 mutation
25 for 29 glaucoma
26 primary 28 angle
27 open 28 angle
28 angle 29 glaucoma
29 glaucoma 31 poag
30 ( 31 poag
31 poag 32 )
33 or 36 polymorphism
33 or 37 and
34 a 35 rare
34 a 36 polymorphism
35 rare 36 polymorphism
37 and 40 p.arg96leu
38 the 40 p.arg96leu
39 new 40 p.arg96leu
40 p.arg96leu 41 variant
41 variant 42 in
41 variant 45 with
42 in 44 family
43 a 44 family
45 with 47 als
46 dominant 47 als

western blot experiments on the patients ' lymphoblasts showed that the former variant led to a loss of function and the latter did not cause protein accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 western 2 blot
2 blot 3 experiments
3 experiments 4 on
3 experiments 8 lymphoblasts
3 experiments 18 of
3 experiments 20 and
4 on 7 '
5 the 6 patients
6 patients 7 '
8 lymphoblasts 9 showed
9 showed 10 that
10 that 13 variant
10 that 14 led
11 the 13 variant
12 former 13 variant
13 variant 14 led
14 led 15 to
15 to 17 loss
16 a 17 loss
17 loss 18 of
19 function 20 and
20 and 25 cause
21 the 22 latter
22 latter 23 did
23 did 24 not
23 did 25 cause
25 cause 27 accumulation
26 protein 27 accumulation

our results do not confirm the contribution of optn in als . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 do
3 do 4 not
3 do 5 confirm
5 confirm 7 contribution
5 confirm 10 in
6 the 7 contribution
7 contribution 8 of
8 of 9 optn
10 in 11 als

the cholinergic system arising from the substantia innominata ( si ) of the basal forebrain has an important role in the cognitive functions of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 system
2 cholinergic 3 system
3 system 4 arising
3 system 5 from
3 system 12 of
3 system 16 has
5 from 8 innominata
6 the 8 innominata
7 substantia 8 innominata
8 innominata 10 si
9 ( 10 si
10 si 11 )
12 of 15 forebrain
13 the 15 forebrain
14 basal 15 forebrain
16 has 19 role
16 has 20 in
17 an 18 important
17 an 19 role
18 important 19 role
20 in 23 functions
21 the 23 functions
22 cognitive 23 functions
23 functions 24 of
24 of 27 disease
25 parkinson 26 's
26 's 27 disease
27 disease 29 pd
28 ( 29 pd
29 pd 30 )

we performed magnetic resonance imaging based volumetric analysis to evaluate the si volume in patients with pd - intact cognition ( pd - ic ) , pd - mild cognitive impairment ( pd - mci ) , and pd dementia ( pdd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 4 resonance
2 performed 9 to
3 magnetic 4 resonance
4 resonance 5 imaging
5 imaging 8 analysis
6 based 8 analysis
7 volumetric 8 analysis
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 13 volume
11 the 13 volume
12 si 13 volume
13 volume 14 in
14 in 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
16 with 17 pd
18 - 20 cognition
19 intact 20 cognition
20 cognition 22 pd
20 cognition 24 ic
20 cognition 27 pd
21 ( 22 pd
22 pd 23 -
23 - 24 ic
24 ic 25 )
26 , 27 pd
27 pd 31 impairment
27 pd 43 )
28 - 31 impairment
29 mild 31 impairment
30 cognitive 31 impairment
31 impairment 38 and
31 impairment 43 )
32 ( 38 and
33 pd 35 mci
33 pd 38 and
34 - 35 mci
35 mci 36 )
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 dementia
38 and 42 pdd
38 and 43 )
39 pd 40 dementia
41 ( 42 pdd
42 pdd 43 )

the mean normalized si volume was significantly decreased in patients with pd - ic ( 1.54 ± 0.12 , p < 0.001 ) , pd - mci ( 1.49 ± 0.12 , p < 0.001 ) , and pdd ( 1.39 ± 0.12 , p < 0.001 ) compared with that of control subjects ( 1.68 ± 0.11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 normalized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 the 2 mean
2 mean 3 normalized
3 normalized 4 si
4 si 5 volume
4 si 6 was
4 si 8 decreased
4 si 9 in
5 volume 6 was
7 significantly 8 decreased
9 in 10 patients
10 patients 11 with
11 with 12 pd
13 - 38 and
14 ic 17 ±
14 ic 24 ,
15 ( 17 ±
16 1.54 17 ±
17 ± 21 <
17 ± 23 )
18 0.12 21 <
19 , 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.001
21 < 23 )
24 , 25 pd
24 , 38 and
25 pd 27 mci
26 - 27 mci
27 mci 30 ±
27 mci 34 <
27 mci 37 ,
28 ( 30 ±
29 1.49 30 ±
30 ± 31 0.12
30 ± 32 ,
32 , 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.001
34 < 36 )
37 , 38 and
38 and 39 pdd
38 and 50 with
38 and 52 of
39 pdd 42 ±
39 pdd 49 compared
40 ( 42 ±
41 1.39 42 ±
42 ± 43 0.12
42 ± 46 <
42 ± 48 )
44 , 46 <
45 p 46 <
46 < 47 0.001
46 < 48 )
50 with 51 that
52 of 54 subjects
53 control 54 subjects
54 subjects 57 ±
55 ( 57 ±
56 1.68 57 ±
57 ± 58 0.11
57 ± 59 )

the normalized si volume did not differ between patients with pd - ic and pd - mci ; however , the normalized si volume was significantly decreased in patients with pdd compared with that in those with pd - ic ( p < 0.001 ) or pd - mci ( p = 0.016 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 the 4 volume
2 normalized 4 volume
3 si 4 volume
4 volume 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 differ
7 differ 8 between
7 differ 10 with
8 between 9 patients
10 with 11 pd
12 - 14 and
12 - 18 ;
13 ic 14 and
14 and 15 pd
14 and 17 mci
16 - 17 mci
17 mci 18 ;
18 ; 24 volume
18 ; 32 compared
18 ; 39 -
19 however 20 ,
19 however 24 volume
21 the 24 volume
22 normalized 24 volume
23 si 24 volume
24 volume 25 was
25 was 26 significantly
25 was 27 decreased
27 decreased 28 in
27 decreased 30 with
28 in 29 patients
30 with 31 pdd
30 with 32 compared
32 compared 33 with
32 compared 37 with
33 with 34 that
33 with 35 in
35 in 36 those
37 with 38 pd
39 - 46 or
40 ic 43 <
40 ic 46 or
41 ( 43 <
42 p 43 <
43 < 44 0.001
43 < 45 )
46 or 47 pd
47 pd 49 mci
48 - 49 mci
49 mci 52 =
49 mci 54 )
50 ( 52 =
51 p 52 =
52 = 53 0.016

the normalized si volume was significantly correlated with general cognitive status ( r = 0.51 , p < 0.001 ) as well as with performance in each cognitive subdomain , with a particularly significant independent association with attention ( β [=] 0.33 , p = 0.003 ) and object naming [(] β = 0.26 , p = 0.017 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 the 4 volume
2 normalized 4 volume
3 si 4 volume
4 volume 5 was
5 was 6 significantly
5 was 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
7 correlated 14 =
7 correlated 18 <
7 correlated 21 as
7 correlated 26 in
7 correlated 45 =
8 with 11 status
9 general 11 status
10 cognitive 11 status
12 ( 14 =
13 r 14 =
14 = 15 0.51
14 = 16 ,
17 p 18 <
18 < 19 0.001
18 < 20 )
21 as 22 well
22 well 23 as
23 as 24 with
24 with 25 performance
26 in 29 subdomain
27 each 29 subdomain
28 cognitive 29 subdomain
29 subdomain 31 with
30 , 31 with
31 with 36 association
31 with 43 ,
32 a 36 association
33 particularly 34 significant
34 significant 36 association
35 independent 36 association
36 association 37 with
36 association 40 β
37 with 38 attention
39 ( 40 β
40 β 42 0.33
40 β 43 ,
44 p 45 =
45 = 46 0.003
45 = 47 )
48 and 52 β
48 and 53 =
49 object 52 β
50 naming 52 β
52 β 53 =
53 = 54 0.26
54 0.26 57 =
55 , 57 =
56 p 57 =
57 = 58 0.017
57 = 59 )

the present study demonstrated that the si volume in pd differs [depending] on cognitive status and is significantly correlated with cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 8 volume
5 that 16 and
6 the 8 volume
7 si 8 volume
8 volume 9 in
8 volume 16 and
9 in 10 pd
11 differs 13 on
11 differs 16 and
13 on 15 status
14 cognitive 15 status
16 and 17 is
17 is 19 correlated
18 significantly 19 correlated
19 correlated 20 with
20 with 22 performance
21 cognitive 22 performance

recent genome - wide association studies have identified 5 loci ( bin1 , clu , cr1 , exoc3l2 , and picalm ) as genetic determinants of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 genome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 recent 2 genome
3 - 6 studies
3 - 8 identified
4 wide 6 studies
5 association 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 identified
8 identified 10 loci
8 identified 23 as
9 5 10 loci
10 loci 20 and
11 ( 20 and
12 bin1 13 ,
13 , 14 clu
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 cr1
15 , 17 ,
17 , 18 exoc3l2
17 , 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 picalm
20 and 22 )
23 as 25 determinants
24 genetic 25 determinants
25 determinants 26 of
25 determinants 31 ad
26 of 29 disease
27 alzheimer 28 's
28 's 29 disease
30 ( 31 ad
31 ad 32 )

we attempted to confirm the association between these genes and the ad risk in 3 contrasting european populations ( from finland , italy , and spain ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attempted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 attempted
2 attempted 3 to
2 attempted 4 confirm
3 to 4 confirm
4 confirm 6 association
4 confirm 7 between
5 the 6 association
7 between 9 genes
8 these 9 genes
10 and 12 ad
10 and 13 risk
11 the 12 ad
12 ad 13 risk
13 risk 14 in
13 risk 16 contrasting
14 in 15 3
16 contrasting 18 populations
17 european 18 populations
18 populations 20 from
18 populations 25 and
19 ( 20 from
20 from 21 finland
20 from 22 ,
22 , 25 and
23 italy 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 spain
25 and 27 )

because clu and cr1 had already been analyzed in these populations , we restricted our investigation to bin1 , exo2cl3 , and picalm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 restricted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 because 4 cr1
1 because 8 analyzed
1 because 12 ,
1 because 13 we
2 clu 3 and
3 and 4 cr1
4 cr1 5 had
5 had 7 been
6 already 7 been
7 been 8 analyzed
8 analyzed 9 in
9 in 11 populations
10 these 11 populations
13 we 14 restricted
14 restricted 16 investigation
14 restricted 17 to
15 our 16 investigation
17 to 22 and
18 bin1 19 ,
19 , 20 exo2cl3
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 picalm

in a meta - analysis , rs597668 ( exoc3l2 ) was also associated with the ad risk , albeit to a lesser extent [(] or = 1.19 , 95 % ci [ 1.06 - 1.32 ] , p = 2.0 × 10 ( - 3 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 rs597668
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 =
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 in 5 analysis
1 in 6 ,
1 in 7 rs597668
2 a 5 analysis
3 meta 4 -
3 meta 5 analysis
7 rs597668 9 exoc3l2
7 rs597668 11 was
8 ( 9 exoc3l2
9 exoc3l2 10 )
11 was 12 also
11 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 19 albeit
14 with 17 risk
15 the 17 risk
16 ad 17 risk
18 , 19 albeit
19 albeit 25 or
20 to 23 extent
20 to 25 or
21 a 22 lesser
21 a 23 extent
22 lesser 23 extent
25 or 26 =
26 = 27 1.19
27 1.19 41 ×
28 , 41 ×
29 95 30 %
30 % 41 ×
31 ci 33 1.06
31 ci 35 1.32
31 ci 39 =
31 ci 41 ×
32 [ 33 1.06
33 1.06 34 -
34 - 35 1.32
35 1.32 36 ]
37 , 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 2.0
41 × 42 10
41 × 45 3
41 × 47 )
43 ( 45 3
44 - 45 3
45 3 46 )

however , this signal did not appear to be [independent] of apoe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 signal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 appear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 signal
3 this 4 signal
4 signal 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 appear
7 appear 8 to
7 appear 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 of
11 of 12 apoe

in conclusion , we confirmed that bin1 and picalm are genetic determinants of ad , whereas the potential involvement of exoc3l2 requires further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 confirmed
4 we 5 confirmed
5 confirmed 6 that
6 that 8 and
6 that 10 are
7 bin1 8 and
8 and 9 picalm
8 and 10 are
10 are 12 determinants
10 are 16 whereas
11 genetic 12 determinants
12 determinants 13 of
13 of 14 ad
15 , 16 whereas
16 whereas 19 involvement
17 the 19 involvement
18 potential 19 involvement
19 involvement 20 of
19 involvement 22 requires
20 of 21 exoc3l2
22 requires 24 investigation
23 further 24 investigation

glial fibrillary acidic protein ( gfap ) is the main intermediate filament protein in mature astrocytes , but also an important component of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes during development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 glial 4 protein
2 fibrillary 4 protein
3 acidic 4 protein
4 protein 6 gfap
4 protein 8 is
5 ( 6 gfap
6 gfap 7 )
8 is 18 but
9 the 13 protein
10 main 13 protein
11 intermediate 12 filament
12 filament 13 protein
13 protein 14 in
13 protein 18 but
14 in 16 astrocytes
15 mature 16 astrocytes
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 also
18 but 22 component
20 an 21 important
20 an 22 component
21 important 22 component
22 component 23 of
23 of 25 cytoskeleton
24 the 25 cytoskeleton
25 cytoskeleton 26 in
25 cytoskeleton 28 during
26 in 27 astrocytes
28 during 29 development

major recent developments in astrocyte biology and the discovery of novel intermediate filament functions enticed the interest in the function of gfap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 enticed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 major 3 developments
2 recent 3 developments
3 developments 4 in
3 developments 7 and
4 in 6 biology
5 astrocyte 6 biology
7 and 9 discovery
7 and 10 of
7 and 15 enticed
8 the 9 discovery
10 of 14 functions
11 novel 12 intermediate
12 intermediate 14 functions
13 filament 14 functions
15 enticed 17 interest
16 the 17 interest
17 interest 18 in
18 in 20 function
19 the 20 function
20 function 21 of
21 of 22 gfap

the discovery of various gfap splice variants gave an additional boost to explore this protein in more detail . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 gave
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 discovery
2 discovery 3 of
2 discovery 8 gave
3 of 7 variants
4 various 7 variants
5 gfap 7 variants
6 splice 7 variants
8 gave 11 boost
8 gave 12 to
9 an 10 additional
9 an 11 boost
10 additional 11 boost
12 to 13 explore
13 explore 15 protein
13 explore 16 in
14 this 15 protein
16 in 18 detail
17 more 18 detail

the structural role of gfap in astrocytes has been widely accepted for a long time , but over the years , gfap has been shown to be involved in astrocyte functions , which are important during regeneration , synaptic plasticity and reactive gliosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 accepted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 3 role
2 structural 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 8 has
4 of 5 gfap
5 gfap 6 in
6 in 7 astrocytes
8 has 9 been
9 been 10 widely
9 been 11 accepted
11 accepted 17 but
12 for 15 time
12 for 17 but
13 a 15 time
14 long 15 time
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 over
18 over 20 years
19 the 20 years
21 , 22 gfap
21 , 25 shown
21 , 32 ,
22 gfap 23 has
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 shown
25 shown 26 to
26 to 27 be
27 be 28 involved
28 involved 29 in
29 in 31 functions
30 astrocyte 31 functions
32 , 33 which
32 , 34 are
33 which 34 are
34 are 35 important
35 important 36 during
36 during 41 and
37 regeneration 38 ,
38 , 40 plasticity
38 , 41 and
39 synaptic 40 plasticity
41 and 43 gliosis
42 reactive 43 gliosis

moreover , different subpopulations of astrocytes have been identified , which are likely to have distinctive tasks in brain physiology and pathology , and which are not only classified by their spatial and temporal appearance , but also by their specific expression of intermediate filaments , including distinct gfap isoforms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 subpopulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 subpopulations
3 different 4 subpopulations
4 subpopulations 5 of
4 subpopulations 7 have
5 of 6 astrocytes
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 identified
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 are
10 , 24 and
11 which 12 are
12 are 13 likely
13 likely 14 to
13 likely 15 have
14 to 15 have
15 have 17 tasks
15 have 18 in
16 distinctive 17 tasks
18 in 21 and
19 brain 20 physiology
20 physiology 21 and
21 and 22 pathology
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 which
24 and 26 are
25 which 26 are
26 are 27 not
26 are 28 only
26 are 29 classified
29 classified 37 but
30 by 33 and
30 by 37 but
31 their 32 spatial
32 spatial 33 and
33 and 35 appearance
34 temporal 35 appearance
36 , 37 but
37 but 38 also
37 but 39 by
39 by 42 expression
40 their 42 expression
41 specific 42 expression
42 expression 43 of
43 of 45 filaments
44 intermediate 45 filaments
45 filaments 47 including
46 , 47 including
47 including 50 isoforms
47 including 51 .
48 distinct 50 isoforms
49 gfap 50 isoforms

the presence of these isoforms enhances the complexity of the astrocyte cytoskeleton and is likely to underlie [subtype] specific functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 13 and
3 of 5 isoforms
4 these 5 isoforms
6 enhances 8 complexity
6 enhances 13 and
7 the 8 complexity
8 complexity 9 of
9 of 12 cytoskeleton
10 the 12 cytoskeleton
11 astrocyte 12 cytoskeleton
13 and 14 is
14 is 15 likely
15 likely 16 to
15 likely 17 underlie
16 to 17 underlie
17 underlie 20 functions
19 specific 20 functions

in this review we discuss the versatility of the gfap cytoskeletal network [from] gene to function with a focus on astrocytes during human brain development , aging and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 discuss
5 discuss 7 versatility
5 discuss 22 during
6 the 7 versatility
7 versatility 8 of
7 versatility 15 to
7 versatility 16 function
8 of 14 gene
9 the 14 gene
10 gfap 14 gene
11 cytoskeletal 12 network
12 network 14 gene
15 to 16 function
16 function 17 with
16 function 20 on
17 with 19 focus
18 a 19 focus
20 on 21 astrocytes
22 during 28 and
23 human 24 brain
24 brain 25 development
25 development 26 ,
26 , 27 aging
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 disease

objective : idiopathic [osteoarthritis] is the most common form of osteoarthritis ( oa ) world - wide and remains the leading cause of disability and the associated socio - economic burden in an increasing aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 idiopathic
2 : 5 is
2 : 16 -
2 : 37 .
3 idiopathic 5 is
5 is 9 form
5 is 15 world
6 the 9 form
7 most 8 common
8 common 9 form
9 form 10 of
9 form 13 oa
10 of 11 osteoarthritis
12 ( 13 oa
13 oa 14 )
16 - 18 and
17 wide 18 and
18 and 31 burden
18 and 32 in
19 remains 31 burden
20 the 22 cause
21 leading 22 cause
22 cause 23 of
22 cause 25 and
23 of 24 disability
25 and 28 socio
25 and 29 -
25 and 31 burden
26 the 28 socio
27 associated 28 socio
30 economic 31 burden
32 in 36 population
33 an 36 population
34 increasing 35 aging
35 aging 36 population

traditionally , oa has been viewed as a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and changes in the subchondral bone culminating in joint failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 oa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 traditionally 2 ,
1 traditionally 3 oa
3 oa 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 20 and
6 viewed 7 as
6 viewed 11 disease
6 viewed 20 and
7 as 10 joint
8 a 10 joint
9 degenerative 10 joint
11 disease 12 characterized
12 characterized 13 by
13 by 15 destruction
14 progressive 15 destruction
15 destruction 16 of
16 of 19 cartilage
17 the 19 cartilage
18 articular 19 cartilage
20 and 21 changes
21 changes 22 in
21 changes 25 bone
23 the 25 bone
24 subchondral 25 bone
25 bone 26 culminating
26 culminating 27 in
27 in 29 failure
28 joint 29 failure

however , the etiology of oa is multifactorial involving genetic , mechanical and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 etiology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 etiology
3 the 4 etiology
4 etiology 5 of
4 etiology 7 is
5 of 6 oa
7 is 15 factors
8 multifactorial 15 factors
9 involving 15 factors
10 genetic 11 ,
11 , 12 mechanical
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 environmental
13 and 15 factors

treatment modalities include analgesia , joint injection with steroids or hyaluronic acid , oral supplements including glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate , as well as physiotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 treatment 2 modalities
2 modalities 3 include
3 include 4 analgesia
5 , 6 joint
6 joint 7 injection
6 joint 8 with
6 joint 24 as
8 with 10 or
9 steroids 10 or
10 or 12 acid
10 or 15 supplements
11 hyaluronic 12 acid
13 , 15 supplements
14 oral 15 supplements
15 supplements 18 and
15 supplements 20 sulfate
15 supplements 21 ,
16 including 17 glucosamine
17 glucosamine 18 and
18 and 19 chondroitin
18 and 20 sulfate
22 as 23 well
23 well 24 as
24 as 25 physiotherapy

thus , there is significant interest in the discovery of disease modifying agents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 interest
5 significant 6 interest
6 interest 7 in
7 in 9 discovery
8 the 9 discovery
9 discovery 10 of
10 of 11 disease
11 disease 12 modifying
12 modifying 13 agents

one such agent , glucosamine ( glcn ) is commonly prescribed even though [the] therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action remain controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 agent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 prescribed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 one 2 such
2 such 3 agent
3 agent 5 glucosamine
3 agent 9 is
4 , 5 glucosamine
5 glucosamine 7 glcn
5 glucosamine 8 )
6 ( 7 glcn
7 glcn 8 )
9 is 11 prescribed
10 commonly 11 prescribed
11 prescribed 12 even
12 even 13 though
13 though 17 and
13 though 21 remain
15 therapeutic 16 efficacy
16 efficacy 17 and
17 and 18 mechanism
17 and 19 of
17 and 21 remain
19 of 20 action
21 remain 22 controversial

inflammatory cytokines , including il - 1β , and proteinases such as mmp - 13 have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of oa together with an associated cpg demethylation in their promoters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cytokines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 inflammatory 2 cytokines
3 , 15 13
3 , 18 implicated
4 including 5 il
4 including 14 -
4 including 15 13
5 il 9 and
6 - 9 and
7 1β 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 proteinases
9 and 14 -
10 proteinases 12 as
11 such 12 as
12 as 13 mmp
15 13 16 have
16 have 17 been
17 been 18 implicated
18 implicated 19 in
19 in 22 and
20 the 21 pathogenesis
21 pathogenesis 22 and
22 and 23 progression
23 progression 24 of
23 progression 27 with
24 of 25 oa
26 together 27 with
27 with 31 demethylation
28 an 31 demethylation
29 associated 31 demethylation
30 cpg 31 demethylation
31 demethylation 32 in
32 in 34 promoters
33 their 34 promoters

we have investigated the potential of glcn to modulate nf - [kb] activity and cytokine - induced abnormal gene expression in articular chondrocytes [and] , critically , whether this is associated with an epigenetic process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 potential
3 investigated 8 to
3 investigated 32 with
4 the 5 potential
5 potential 6 of
6 of 7 glcn
8 to 9 modulate
9 modulate 10 nf
9 modulate 26 critically
9 modulate 28 whether
10 nf 14 and
10 nf 20 expression
11 - 14 and
13 activity 14 and
14 and 15 cytokine
14 and 16 -
16 - 20 expression
17 induced 19 gene
18 abnormal 19 gene
19 gene 20 expression
20 expression 21 in
20 expression 25 ,
21 in 23 chondrocytes
22 articular 23 chondrocytes
25 , 26 critically
26 critically 27 ,
28 whether 29 this
28 whether 30 is
29 this 30 is
30 is 31 associated
32 with 35 process
33 an 35 process
34 epigenetic 35 process

method : human chondrocytes were isolated from the articular cartilage of femoral heads , obtained with ethical permission , following fractured [neck] of femur surgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 human
2 : 5 were
3 human 5 were
4 chondrocytes 5 were
5 were 6 isolated
6 isolated 7 from
7 from 10 cartilage
8 the 10 cartilage
9 articular 10 cartilage
10 cartilage 11 of
10 cartilage 20 following
10 cartilage 21 fractured
10 cartilage 23 of
11 of 13 heads
12 femoral 13 heads
13 heads 15 obtained
14 , 15 obtained
15 obtained 16 with
15 obtained 19 ,
16 with 18 permission
17 ethical 18 permission
23 of 25 surgery
24 femur 25 surgery

the levels of il1b and mmp13 mrna were examined using qrt - pcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 8 were
3 of 5 and
4 il1b 5 and
5 and 7 mrna
6 mmp13 7 mrna
8 were 9 examined
9 examined 10 using
10 using 11 qrt
12 - 13 pcr

the percentage dna methylation in the cpg sites of the il1β and mmp13 proximal promoter were quantified by pyrosequencing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 quantified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 methylation
2 percentage 4 methylation
3 dna 4 methylation
4 methylation 5 in
4 methylation 12 and
5 in 8 sites
6 the 8 sites
7 cpg 8 sites
8 sites 9 of
9 of 11 il1β
10 the 11 il1β
12 and 15 promoter
12 and 16 were
13 mmp13 15 promoter
14 proximal 15 promoter
16 were 17 quantified
17 quantified 18 by
18 by 19 pyrosequencing

result : il1β expression was enhanced over 580 - fold in articular chondrocytes treated with il - 1β and osm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 expression
2 : 6 enhanced
2 : 9 -
2 : 21 .
3 il1β 4 expression
4 expression 5 was
5 was 6 enhanced
6 enhanced 7 over
7 over 8 580
9 - 10 fold
10 fold 11 in
10 fold 19 and
12 articular 13 chondrocytes
13 chondrocytes 14 treated
13 chondrocytes 19 and
14 treated 15 with
14 treated 17 -
14 treated 18 1β
15 with 16 il
19 and 20 osm

glcn dramatically ameliorated the cytokine - induced expression by 4 - fold . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 glcn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ameliorated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 glcn 3 ameliorated
2 dramatically 3 ameliorated
3 ameliorated 5 cytokine
4 the 5 cytokine
5 cytokine 8 expression
6 - 8 expression
7 induced 8 expression
8 expression 9 by
8 expression 11 -
9 by 10 4
11 - 12 fold
11 - 13 .

bay alone increased il1β expression by 3 - fold . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 bay 3 increased
2 alone 3 increased
3 increased 5 expression
3 increased 6 by
4 il1β 5 expression
6 by 7 3
8 - 9 fold
8 - 10 .

in the presence of bay , il - 1β induced il1b mrna levels were decreased by 6 - fold . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 fold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 presence
1 in 18 -
1 in 19 fold
2 the 3 presence
3 presence 4 of
3 presence 15 decreased
4 of 9 1β
5 bay 7 il
6 , 7 il
7 il 8 -
7 il 9 1β
9 1β 10 induced
9 1β 13 levels
9 1β 14 were
11 il1b 13 levels
12 mrna 13 levels
13 levels 14 were
15 decreased 16 by
16 by 17 6

the observed average percentage methylation of the [-] 256 cpg site in the il1β promoter was 65 % in control cultures and decreased to 36 % in the presence of il - 1β/osm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 methylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 1β/osm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 5 methylation
2 observed 3 average
3 average 4 percentage
4 percentage 5 methylation
5 methylation 6 of
5 methylation 16 was
6 of 11 site
7 the 11 site
9 256 11 site
10 cpg 11 site
11 site 12 in
12 in 15 promoter
13 the 15 promoter
14 il1β 15 promoter
16 was 20 control
17 65 19 in
18 % 19 in
19 in 20 control
20 control 22 and
20 control 30 of
21 cultures 22 and
22 and 23 decreased
22 and 27 in
23 decreased 24 to
24 to 26 %
25 36 26 %
27 in 29 presence
28 the 29 presence
30 of 31 il
32 - 33 1β/osm

glcn and bay alone had a negligible effect on the methylation status of the il1b promoter . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 glcn 2 and
2 and 3 bay
2 and 5 had
4 alone 5 had
5 had 8 effect
5 had 9 on
6 a 7 negligible
6 a 8 effect
7 negligible 8 effect
9 on 12 status
10 the 12 status
11 methylation 12 status
12 status 13 of
13 of 16 promoter
14 the 16 promoter
15 il1b 16 promoter

the cytokine - induced loss of methylation status in the il1b promoter was ameliorated by both glcn and bay to 44 [%] and 53 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cytokine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cytokine
3 - 5 loss
3 - 14 ameliorated
4 induced 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
5 loss 13 was
6 of 8 status
7 methylation 8 status
8 status 9 in
9 in 12 promoter
10 the 12 promoter
11 il1b 12 promoter
13 was 14 ameliorated
14 ameliorated 15 by
14 ameliorated 20 to
14 ameliorated 27 respectively
15 by 18 and
16 both 18 and
17 glcn 18 and
18 and 19 bay
20 to 25 %
21 44 23 and
23 and 24 53
23 and 25 %
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 .

il - 1β/osm treatment increased mmp13 mrna levels independently of either glcn or bay and no change in the methylation status of the mmp13 promoter was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 il 2 -
1 il 4 treatment
3 1β/osm 4 treatment
4 treatment 5 increased
5 increased 8 levels
5 increased 9 independently
6 mmp13 7 mrna
7 mrna 8 levels
9 independently 10 of
10 of 13 or
11 either 13 or
12 glcn 13 or
13 or 14 bay
15 and 17 change
15 and 27 observed
16 no 17 change
17 change 18 in
17 change 22 of
17 change 26 was
18 in 21 status
19 the 21 status
20 methylation 21 status
22 of 25 promoter
23 the 25 promoter
24 mmp13 25 promoter
26 was 27 observed

conclusion : we demonstrate for the first time that glcn and bay can prevent cytokine [-] induced demethylation of a specific cpg site in the il1β promoter and this was associated with decreased expression of il1β . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 demonstrate
2 : 37 .
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 8 time
4 demonstrate 31 associated
5 for 7 first
5 for 8 time
6 the 7 first
8 time 9 that
8 time 30 was
9 that 12 bay
9 that 14 prevent
10 glcn 11 and
11 and 12 bay
12 bay 13 can
13 can 14 prevent
14 prevent 28 and
15 cytokine 17 induced
17 induced 18 demethylation
18 demethylation 19 of
18 demethylation 28 and
19 of 23 site
20 a 23 site
21 specific 23 site
22 cpg 23 site
23 site 24 in
24 in 27 promoter
25 the 27 promoter
26 il1β 27 promoter
28 and 29 this
30 was 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 34 expression
33 decreased 34 expression
34 expression 35 of
35 of 36 il1β

these studies provide a potential mechanism of action for oa disease modifying agents via nf - [kb] and [,] critically [,] demonstrate the need for further studies to elucidate the role that nf [-] [kb] may play in dna demethylation in human chondrocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 these 2 studies
2 studies 18 and
3 provide 6 mechanism
3 provide 14 via
3 provide 18 and
4 a 6 mechanism
5 potential 6 mechanism
6 mechanism 7 of
6 mechanism 9 for
7 of 8 action
9 for 11 disease
10 oa 11 disease
11 disease 12 modifying
12 modifying 13 agents
14 via 15 nf
16 - 18 and
18 and 22 demonstrate
20 critically 22 demonstrate
22 demonstrate 24 need
22 demonstrate 38 in
22 demonstrate 41 in
23 the 24 need
24 need 25 for
24 need 28 to
24 need 29 elucidate
25 for 27 studies
26 further 27 studies
28 to 29 elucidate
29 elucidate 31 role
30 the 31 role
31 role 32 that
31 role 37 play
32 that 33 nf
32 that 37 play
33 nf 36 may
36 may 37 play
38 in 40 demethylation
39 dna 40 demethylation
41 in 43 chondrocytes
42 human 43 chondrocytes

this study was conducted to examine the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 during the manufacture and aging of gouda and stirred - curd cheddar cheeses made from raw milk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 20 and
3 was 4 conducted
3 was 20 and
4 conducted 5 to
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 8 fate
6 examine 13 during
7 the 8 fate
8 fate 9 of
9 of 12 o157:h7
10 escherichia 11 coli
11 coli 12 o157:h7
13 during 16 and
14 the 15 manufacture
15 manufacture 16 and
16 and 17 aging
17 aging 18 of
18 of 19 gouda
20 and 21 stirred
22 - 23 curd
23 curd 24 cheddar
23 curd 25 cheeses
23 curd 26 made
24 cheddar 25 cheeses
26 made 27 from
27 from 29 milk
28 raw 29 milk

[cheeses] [were] manufactured [from] unpasteurized milk experimentally contaminated with one of three strains of e [.] coli o157:h7 at an approximate population level of 20 cfu/ml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 milk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contaminated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
3 manufactured 6 milk
5 unpasteurized 6 milk
6 milk 8 contaminated
7 experimentally 8 contaminated
8 contaminated 9 with
8 contaminated 18 o157:h7
8 contaminated 19 at
9 with 10 one
9 with 17 coli
10 one 11 of
11 of 13 strains
12 three 13 strains
13 strains 14 of
14 of 15 e
19 at 23 level
20 an 21 approximate
20 an 23 level
21 approximate 22 population
22 population 23 level
23 level 24 of
24 of 26 cfu/ml
25 20 26 cfu/ml

samples of milk , whey , curd , and cheese were collected for enumeration of bacteria throughout the manufacturing and aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 samples 2 of
1 samples 9 and
2 of 3 milk
3 milk 5 whey
3 milk 7 curd
4 , 5 whey
5 whey 6 ,
6 , 7 curd
7 curd 8 ,
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 cheese
9 and 11 were
11 were 12 collected
12 collected 13 for
12 collected 17 throughout
13 for 14 enumeration
14 enumeration 15 of
15 of 16 bacteria
17 throughout 20 and
18 the 19 manufacturing
19 manufacturing 20 and
20 and 22 process
21 aging 22 process

overall , bacterial counts in both cheese types increased almost 10 - fold from initial inoculation levels [in] milk to approximately 145 cfu/g found in cheeses on day 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overall
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 cheeses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 , 4 counts
2 , 12 -
3 bacterial 4 counts
4 counts 5 in
4 counts 7 cheese
5 in 6 both
7 cheese 8 types
8 types 9 increased
10 almost 11 10
11 10 12 -
12 - 13 fold
13 fold 14 from
14 from 17 levels
15 initial 16 inoculation
16 inoculation 17 levels
17 levels 19 milk
17 levels 26 cheeses
19 milk 20 to
19 milk 24 found
19 milk 26 cheeses
20 to 23 cfu/g
21 approximately 22 145
22 145 23 cfu/g
24 found 25 in
26 cheeses 27 on
27 on 28 day
28 day 29 1

from this point , counts dropped significantly over 60 days to mean levels of 25 and 5 cfu/g in cheddar and gouda , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 counts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 dropped
1 from 3 point
1 from 4 ,
1 from 5 counts
2 this 3 point
5 counts 6 dropped
6 dropped 7 significantly
6 dropped 8 over
6 dropped 11 to
8 over 10 days
9 60 10 days
11 to 12 mean
12 mean 13 levels
12 mean 19 in
12 mean 24 respectively
13 levels 14 of
14 of 18 cfu/g
15 25 16 and
16 and 17 5
16 and 18 cfu/g
19 in 21 and
20 cheddar 21 and
21 and 22 gouda
23 , 24 respectively
24 respectively 25 .

levels of e [.] coli o157:h7 fell and stayed below 5 cfu/g after an average of 94 and 108 days in gouda and cheddar , respectively , yet remained detectable after selective enrichment for more than 270 days in both cheese types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 o157:h7
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 levels 6 o157:h7
2 of 3 e
2 of 6 o157:h7
5 coli 6 o157:h7
6 o157:h7 8 and
6 o157:h7 29 remained
7 fell 8 and
8 and 9 stayed
8 and 21 in
8 and 24 cheddar
9 stayed 10 below
9 stayed 13 after
10 below 12 cfu/g
11 5 12 cfu/g
13 after 15 average
14 an 15 average
15 average 16 of
16 of 20 days
17 94 18 and
18 and 19 108
18 and 20 days
22 gouda 23 and
23 and 24 cheddar
25 , 26 respectively
26 respectively 27 ,
26 respectively 29 remained
28 yet 29 remained
29 remained 30 detectable
30 detectable 31 after
30 detectable 34 for
31 after 33 enrichment
32 selective 33 enrichment
34 for 38 days
35 more 36 than
36 than 37 270
37 270 38 days
38 days 41 cheese
38 days 42 types
39 in 40 both
39 in 41 cheese
41 cheese 42 types

changes in pathogen levels observed throughout manufacture and aging did not significantly differ by cheese [type] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 8 and
2 in 4 levels
3 pathogen 4 levels
4 levels 5 observed
5 observed 6 throughout
6 throughout 7 manufacture
8 and 13 differ
9 aging 10 did
10 did 11 not
10 did 13 differ
12 significantly 13 differ
13 differ 14 by
14 by 15 cheese

in agreement with results of previous studies , our results suggest that the 60 [-] day aging requirement alone is insufficient to completely eliminate levels of viable [e] [.] coli o157:h7 in gouda [or] stirred - curd cheddar cheese manufactured from raw milk contaminated with low levels of this pathogen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 suggest
1 in 2 agreement
1 in 8 ,
1 in 10 results
2 agreement 3 with
3 with 4 results
4 results 5 of
5 of 7 studies
6 previous 7 studies
9 our 10 results
10 results 11 suggest
11 suggest 12 that
12 that 18 requirement
12 that 20 is
13 the 18 requirement
14 60 17 aging
16 day 17 aging
17 aging 18 requirement
18 requirement 20 is
19 alone 20 is
20 is 21 insufficient
21 insufficient 22 to
21 insufficient 24 eliminate
22 to 24 eliminate
23 completely 24 eliminate
24 eliminate 25 levels
25 levels 26 of
26 of 30 coli
27 viable 30 coli
30 coli 31 o157:h7
30 coli 35 stirred
30 coli 39 cheese
31 o157:h7 32 in
31 o157:h7 35 stirred
32 in 33 gouda
36 - 39 cheese
37 curd 39 cheese
38 cheddar 39 cheese
39 cheese 40 manufactured
39 cheese 41 from
39 cheese 48 of
39 cheese 51 .
41 from 43 milk
42 raw 43 milk
43 milk 44 contaminated
43 milk 45 with
45 with 47 levels
46 low 47 levels
48 of 50 pathogen
49 this 50 pathogen

background : autoscopic phenomena are psychic illusory visual experiences consisting of the perception of the image of one 's own body or face within space , [either] from an internal point of view , as in a mirror or from an external point of view . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 4 phenomena
2 : 5 are
3 autoscopic 4 phenomena
4 phenomena 5 are
5 are 9 experiences
5 are 24 within
5 are 35 as
6 psychic 9 experiences
7 illusory 9 experiences
8 visual 9 experiences
9 experiences 10 consisting
10 consisting 11 of
11 of 13 perception
12 the 13 perception
13 perception 14 of
13 perception 17 of
14 of 16 image
15 the 16 image
17 of 22 or
18 one 19 's
19 's 20 own
19 's 21 body
21 body 22 or
22 or 23 face
24 within 25 space
25 space 28 from
26 , 28 from
28 from 31 point
28 from 34 ,
29 an 31 point
30 internal 31 point
31 point 32 of
32 of 33 view
35 as 39 or
36 in 38 mirror
36 in 39 or
37 a 38 mirror
39 or 40 from
40 from 43 point
41 an 42 external
41 an 43 point
42 external 43 point
43 point 44 of
44 of 45 view

descriptions based on phenomenological criteria distinguish six types of autoscopic experiences : autoscopic hallucination , he - autoscopy or heautoscopic proper , feeling of a presence , out of body experience , negative and inner forms of autoscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 descriptions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 distinguish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 descriptions 2 based
1 descriptions 3 on
1 descriptions 6 distinguish
3 on 5 criteria
4 phenomenological 5 criteria
6 distinguish 11 experiences
7 six 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 11 experiences
9 of 11 experiences
10 autoscopic 11 experiences
12 : 14 hallucination
13 autoscopic 14 hallucination
14 hallucination 17 -
14 hallucination 29 of
15 , 17 -
16 he 17 -
17 - 23 feeling
17 - 27 ,
18 autoscopy 19 or
19 or 20 heautoscopic
19 or 23 feeling
21 proper 22 ,
21 proper 23 feeling
23 feeling 24 of
24 of 26 presence
25 a 26 presence
27 , 29 of
28 out 29 of
29 of 34 and
29 of 39 .
30 body 31 experience
31 experience 32 ,
32 , 33 negative
32 , 34 and
34 and 36 forms
34 and 37 of
35 inner 36 forms
37 of 38 autoscopy

methods and results : we report a case of a patient with [he] [-] autoscopic seizures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 5 we
4 : 6 report
4 : 17 .
5 we 6 report
6 report 8 case
6 report 12 with
7 a 8 case
8 case 9 of
9 of 11 patient
10 a 11 patient
12 with 16 seizures
15 autoscopic 16 seizures

eeg recordings during the autoscopic experience showed a right parietal epileptic focus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recordings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 eeg 2 recordings
2 recordings 3 during
2 recordings 7 showed
3 during 6 experience
4 the 6 experience
5 autoscopic 6 experience
7 showed 9 right
7 showed 12 focus
8 a 9 right
10 parietal 12 focus
11 epileptic 12 focus

this finding confirms the involvement of the temporo - parietal junction in the abnormal body perception during autoscopic phenomena . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 confirms
3 confirms 5 involvement
3 confirms 12 in
3 confirms 17 during
4 the 5 involvement
5 involvement 6 of
6 of 11 junction
7 the 11 junction
8 temporo 9 -
8 temporo 11 junction
10 parietal 11 junction
12 in 16 perception
13 the 16 perception
14 abnormal 15 body
15 body 16 perception
17 during 19 phenomena
18 autoscopic 19 phenomena

we [discuss] and review previous literature on the topic , as different localization of cortical areas are reported suggesting that out of body experience is generated in the right hemisphere while he [-] autoscopy involves left hemisphere structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 3 and
3 and 6 literature
3 and 10 ,
3 and 11 as
3 and 17 are
4 review 6 literature
5 previous 6 literature
6 literature 7 on
7 on 9 topic
8 the 9 topic
11 as 13 localization
12 different 13 localization
13 localization 14 of
14 of 16 areas
15 cortical 16 areas
17 are 19 suggesting
18 reported 19 suggesting
19 suggesting 20 that
19 suggesting 25 is
20 that 22 of
20 that 25 is
21 out 22 of
22 of 24 experience
23 body 24 experience
25 is 26 generated
26 generated 27 in
26 generated 31 while
27 in 30 hemisphere
28 the 30 hemisphere
29 right 30 hemisphere
31 while 32 he
31 while 36 left
32 he 34 autoscopy
32 he 35 involves
32 he 36 left
34 autoscopy 35 involves
36 left 38 structures
37 hemisphere 38 structures

lifespan perspectives have played a crucial role in shaping our understanding of many forms of psychopathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lifespan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 played
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 lifespan 2 perspectives
1 lifespan 3 have
1 lifespan 4 played
2 perspectives 3 have
4 played 7 role
4 played 8 in
5 a 6 crucial
5 a 7 role
6 crucial 7 role
8 in 9 shaping
9 shaping 11 understanding
10 our 11 understanding
11 understanding 12 of
12 of 14 forms
13 many 14 forms
14 forms 15 of
15 of 16 psychopathology

unfortunately , little attention has been given to personality disorders in middle adulthood and later life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 4 attention
3 little 4 attention
4 attention 5 has
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 given
7 given 8 to
7 given 11 in
8 to 10 disorders
9 personality 10 disorders
11 in 14 and
12 middle 13 adulthood
13 adulthood 14 and
14 and 16 life
15 later 16 life

several issues are responsible for this deficiency , including difficulty applying the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders to older people and challenges in identifying appropriate samples of older participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
1 several 2 issues
2 issues 3 are
3 are 4 responsible
4 responsible 5 for
4 responsible 9 including
5 for 7 deficiency
6 this 7 deficiency
8 , 9 including
9 including 10 difficulty
9 including 15 for
9 including 23 in
9 including 30 .
10 difficulty 11 applying
11 applying 14 criteria
12 the 14 criteria
13 diagnostic 14 criteria
15 for 17 disorders
16 personality 17 disorders
17 disorders 18 to
18 to 21 and
19 older 20 people
20 people 21 and
21 and 22 challenges
23 in 24 identifying
24 identifying 26 samples
25 appropriate 26 samples
26 samples 27 of
27 of 29 participants
28 older 29 participants

the goal of this review is to explore the benefits of considering older adults in the study of personality disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 review
4 this 5 review
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 explore
7 to 8 explore
8 explore 10 benefits
9 the 10 benefits
10 benefits 11 of
11 of 12 considering
12 considering 14 adults
12 considering 15 in
13 older 14 adults
15 in 17 study
16 the 17 study
17 study 18 of
18 of 20 disorders
19 personality 20 disorders

later life offers a unique opportunity for investigators to consider links between personality pathology and consequential outcomes in people 's lives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 life
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 offers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 later 2 life
2 life 3 offers
3 offers 6 opportunity
3 offers 9 to
4 a 6 opportunity
5 unique 6 opportunity
6 opportunity 7 for
7 for 8 investigators
9 to 10 consider
10 consider 11 links
10 consider 12 between
10 consider 18 in
12 between 15 and
13 personality 14 pathology
14 pathology 15 and
15 and 17 outcomes
16 consequential 17 outcomes
18 in 21 lives
19 people 20 's
20 's 21 lives

many domains are relevant , including health , longevity , social adjustment , marital relationships , and the experience of major life events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 domains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 many 2 domains
2 domains 3 are
3 are 4 relevant
4 relevant 6 including
5 , 6 including
6 including 7 health
6 including 8 ,
8 , 17 and
9 longevity 10 ,
10 , 12 adjustment
10 , 13 ,
11 social 12 adjustment
13 , 15 relationships
13 , 17 and
14 marital 15 relationships
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 experience
17 and 20 of
18 the 19 experience
20 of 23 events
21 major 22 life
22 life 23 events

we review each domain and consider ways in which the study of middle [-] aged and older adults challenges researchers to evaluate how personality disorders in general are defined and measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 5 and
2 review 4 domain
2 review 5 and
3 each 4 domain
5 and 6 consider
6 consider 7 ways
7 ways 8 in
7 ways 21 to
7 ways 22 evaluate
8 in 9 which
8 in 11 study
8 in 19 challenges
10 the 11 study
11 study 12 of
11 study 19 challenges
12 of 18 adults
13 middle 18 adults
15 aged 16 and
16 and 17 older
16 and 18 adults
19 challenges 20 researchers
21 to 22 evaluate
22 evaluate 23 how
23 how 25 disorders
23 how 30 and
24 personality 25 disorders
25 disorders 27 general
25 disorders 28 are
26 in 27 general
28 are 30 and
29 defined 30 and
30 and 31 measured

the functional significance of the brain 's white matter was not fully appreciated until new imaging methods were developed to visualize fiber pathways and connections in the living brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 visualize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 significance
2 functional 3 significance
3 significance 4 of
3 significance 10 was
4 of 9 matter
5 the 6 brain
6 brain 7 's
7 's 9 matter
8 white 9 matter
10 was 11 not
10 was 12 fully
10 was 13 appreciated
13 appreciated 14 until
14 until 16 imaging
15 new 16 imaging
16 imaging 17 methods
16 imaging 21 visualize
17 methods 18 were
18 were 19 developed
19 developed 20 to
20 to 21 visualize
21 visualize 24 and
21 visualize 26 in
22 fiber 23 pathways
23 pathways 24 and
24 and 25 connections
26 in 29 brain
27 the 29 brain
28 living 29 brain

rapid advances in diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) have led to substantial insights into human brain development and disease processes and have thrust white matter into the focus of researchers and clinicians [alike] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 rapid 2 advances
2 advances 3 in
2 advances 10 have
3 in 6 imaging
4 diffusion 6 imaging
5 tensor 6 imaging
6 imaging 8 dti
7 ( 8 dti
8 dti 9 )
10 have 11 led
11 led 12 to
11 led 15 into
11 led 27 into
12 to 14 insights
13 substantial 14 insights
15 into 19 and
16 human 18 development
17 brain 18 development
18 development 19 and
19 and 20 disease
19 and 22 and
21 processes 22 and
22 and 23 have
22 and 26 matter
24 thrust 26 matter
25 white 26 matter
27 into 29 focus
28 the 29 focus
29 focus 30 of
30 of 32 and
31 researchers 32 and
32 and 33 clinicians

the full clinical potential of this relatively new technique remains to be determined , but early indicators suggest that dti will be a significant new technology in mapping mechanisms of human health and disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 potential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 4 potential
2 full 4 potential
3 clinical 4 potential
4 potential 5 of
4 potential 10 remains
5 of 9 technique
6 this 9 technique
7 relatively 8 new
8 new 9 technique
10 remains 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 determined
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 indicators
15 but 18 suggest
16 early 17 indicators
17 indicators 18 suggest
18 suggest 21 will
18 suggest 22 be
19 that 21 will
20 dti 21 will
22 be 26 technology
23 a 24 significant
23 a 26 technology
24 significant 26 technology
25 new 26 technology
26 technology 27 in
26 technology 30 of
27 in 28 mapping
28 mapping 29 mechanisms
30 of 33 and
31 human 32 health
32 health 33 and
33 and 34 disease

here we review brain changes that have been studied with dti over the human lifespan and findings in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 review
3 review 5 changes
4 brain 5 changes
5 changes 6 that
5 changes 7 have
6 that 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 studied
9 studied 10 with
9 studied 12 over
9 studied 18 in
10 with 11 dti
12 over 16 and
13 the 15 lifespan
14 human 15 lifespan
15 lifespan 16 and
16 and 17 findings
18 in 20 variety
19 a 20 variety
20 variety 21 of
21 of 23 disorders
22 neuropsychiatric 23 disorders

we also suggest future areas where dti is likely to have significant impact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 3 suggest
2 also 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 areas
3 suggest 6 where
4 future 5 areas
6 where 7 dti
6 where 8 is
7 dti 8 is
8 is 9 likely
9 likely 10 to
9 likely 11 have
10 to 11 have
11 have 13 impact
12 significant 13 impact

the present study was designed to simulate this type of interaction by examining the cost of requiring listeners to perform a secondary task in conjunction with understanding a target talker in the presence of competing speech . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 designed
5 designed 6 to
5 designed 7 simulate
6 to 7 simulate
7 simulate 11 interaction
7 simulate 26 with
8 this 9 type
9 type 10 of
9 type 11 interaction
10 of 11 interaction
11 interaction 12 by
11 interaction 16 of
12 by 13 examining
13 examining 15 cost
14 the 15 cost
16 of 17 requiring
17 requiring 18 listeners
17 requiring 19 to
17 requiring 20 perform
19 to 20 perform
20 perform 23 task
20 perform 24 in
21 a 23 task
22 secondary 23 task
24 in 25 conjunction
26 with 27 understanding
27 understanding 30 talker
28 a 30 talker
29 target 30 talker
30 talker 31 in
30 talker 34 of
31 in 33 presence
32 the 33 presence
34 of 36 speech
35 competing 36 speech

the ability of younger and older adults to understand a target utterance was measured [with] and without requiring the listener to also determine how many masking voices were presented time - reversed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 of
2 ability 8 to
2 ability 9 understand
2 ability 13 was
3 of 7 adults
4 younger 5 and
5 and 6 older
5 and 7 adults
8 to 9 understand
9 understand 12 utterance
10 a 12 utterance
11 target 12 utterance
13 was 14 measured
16 and 25 many
16 and 29 presented
17 without 18 requiring
17 without 25 many
18 requiring 20 listener
18 requiring 21 to
18 requiring 23 determine
19 the 20 listener
21 to 23 determine
22 also 23 determine
23 determine 24 how
25 many 26 masking
25 many 28 were
26 masking 27 voices
28 were 29 presented
29 presented 30 time
29 presented 31 -
29 presented 32 reversed

also of interest [was] [how] spatial separation affected the ability to perform these two tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 separation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 also 7 separation
2 of 3 interest
2 of 7 separation
6 spatial 7 separation
7 separation 8 affected
8 affected 10 ability
9 the 10 ability
10 ability 11 to
10 ability 12 perform
11 to 12 perform
12 perform 15 tasks
13 these 14 two
14 two 15 tasks

older adults demonstrated slightly reduced overall speech recognition and obtained less spatial release from masking , as compared to younger listeners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 demonstrated
2 adults 5 reduced
4 slightly 5 reduced
5 reduced 9 and
5 reduced 19 to
6 overall 7 speech
7 speech 8 recognition
8 recognition 9 and
9 and 13 release
9 and 14 from
10 obtained 13 release
11 less 12 spatial
12 spatial 13 release
14 from 15 masking
15 masking 18 compared
16 , 18 compared
17 as 18 compared
19 to 21 listeners
20 younger 21 listeners

for both younger and older listeners , spatial separation increased the costs associated with performing both tasks together . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 separation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 for 6 listeners
1 for 7 ,
1 for 9 separation
2 both 6 listeners
3 younger 4 and
4 and 5 older
4 and 6 listeners
8 spatial 9 separation
9 separation 10 increased
10 increased 12 costs
11 the 12 costs
12 costs 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 performing
15 performing 17 tasks
15 performing 18 together
16 both 17 tasks

the meaningfulness of the masker had a greater detrimental effect on speech understanding for older participants than for younger participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 meaningfulness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 meaningfulness
2 meaningfulness 3 of
2 meaningfulness 6 had
3 of 5 masker
4 the 5 masker
6 had 10 effect
6 had 11 on
7 a 10 effect
8 greater 10 effect
9 detrimental 10 effect
11 on 12 speech
12 speech 13 understanding
13 understanding 14 for
13 understanding 17 than
14 for 16 participants
15 older 16 participants
17 than 18 for
18 for 20 participants
19 younger 20 participants

however , the results suggest that the problems experienced by older adults in complex listening situations are not necessarily due to a deficit in the ability to switch [and/or] divide attention among talkers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 problems
6 that 30 divide
7 the 8 problems
8 problems 9 experienced
8 problems 16 situations
8 problems 17 are
8 problems 30 divide
9 experienced 10 by
10 by 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 in
13 in 15 listening
14 complex 15 listening
16 situations 17 are
17 are 18 not
17 are 19 necessarily
17 are 21 to
17 are 24 in
20 due 21 to
21 to 23 deficit
22 a 23 deficit
24 in 26 ability
25 the 26 ability
26 ability 27 to
26 ability 28 switch
27 to 28 switch
30 divide 31 attention
30 divide 32 among
32 among 33 talkers

attention is a complex domain that has reawakened research interest in recent years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 attention 2 is
2 is 5 domain
3 a 5 domain
4 complex 5 domain
5 domain 6 that
5 domain 7 has
6 that 7 has
7 has 8 reawakened
8 reawakened 10 interest
8 reawakened 11 in
9 research 10 interest
11 in 13 years
12 recent 13 years

there are relatively few studies that have examined age - related changes across different attention subcomponents , such as selection , maintenance , and control , using large samples covering a wide age range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 there 2 are
2 are 5 studies
3 relatively 4 few
4 few 5 studies
5 studies 6 that
5 studies 7 have
6 that 7 have
7 have 8 examined
8 examined 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 changes
11 related 27 using
11 related 35 .
12 changes 13 across
12 changes 24 and
13 across 16 subcomponents
14 different 15 attention
15 attention 16 subcomponents
16 subcomponents 19 as
17 , 19 as
18 such 19 as
19 as 20 selection
19 as 21 ,
21 , 24 and
22 maintenance 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 control
24 and 26 ,
27 using 29 samples
28 large 29 samples
29 samples 30 covering
30 covering 34 range
31 a 34 range
32 wide 33 age
33 age 34 range

the present study assessed performance in 466 participants in order to identify the ages at which mature performance was reached across differing attention subcomponents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 performance
4 assessed 6 in
4 assessed 9 in
4 assessed 11 to
6 in 8 participants
7 466 8 participants
9 in 10 order
11 to 12 identify
12 identify 14 ages
12 identify 21 across
13 the 14 ages
14 ages 15 at
15 at 16 which
15 at 18 performance
15 at 20 reached
17 mature 18 performance
18 performance 19 was
19 was 20 reached
21 across 24 subcomponents
22 differing 23 attention
23 attention 24 subcomponents

furthermore , we investigated whether the nature of the attentional demands or task difficulty predicted the age at which stable levels of performance were reached . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 whether
5 whether 14 difficulty
5 whether 15 predicted
6 the 7 nature
7 nature 8 of
7 nature 12 or
8 of 11 demands
9 the 11 demands
10 attentional 11 demands
12 or 13 task
12 or 14 difficulty
14 difficulty 15 predicted
15 predicted 17 age
16 the 17 age
17 age 18 at
18 at 19 which
18 at 20 stable
18 at 21 levels
18 at 25 reached
19 which 20 stable
21 levels 22 of
21 levels 24 were
22 of 23 performance
24 were 25 reached
25 reached 26 .

the results supported the former rather than the latter alternative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 supported
3 supported 5 former
3 supported 7 than
4 the 5 former
6 rather 7 than
7 than 10 alternative
8 the 10 alternative
9 latter 10 alternative

this study examined age - related change [in] executive [function] by using a dutch translation of the behavior rating inventory of executive function ( brief ; gioia et al . , 2000 ) [that] was applied to a normative sample ( age range 5 - 18 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 4 age
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 change
7 change 9 executive
7 change 11 by
11 by 12 using
12 using 15 translation
13 a 14 dutch
13 a 15 translation
14 dutch 15 translation
15 translation 16 of
15 translation 21 of
16 of 20 inventory
17 the 20 inventory
18 behavior 19 rating
19 rating 20 inventory
21 of 25 brief
22 executive 23 function
23 function 25 brief
24 ( 25 brief
26 ; 29 al
27 gioia 29 al
28 et 29 al
29 al 30 .
29 al 32 2000
29 al 35 was
31 , 32 2000
32 2000 33 )
35 was 36 applied
36 applied 37 to
37 to 40 sample
38 a 40 sample
39 normative 40 sample
40 sample 43 range
40 sample 47 years
41 ( 43 range
42 age 43 range
43 range 44 5
43 range 45 -
45 - 47 years
46 18 47 years
47 years 48 )

in addition , we examined the reliability and factorial structures of the dutch brief . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 we
4 we 5 examined
5 examined 8 and
6 the 7 reliability
7 reliability 8 and
8 and 10 structures
8 and 11 of
9 factorial 10 structures
11 of 14 brief
12 the 13 dutch
13 dutch 14 brief

results with respect to age revealed a decrease in reported executive function problems with increasing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 with
1 results 6 revealed
2 with 3 respect
3 respect 4 to
4 to 5 age
6 revealed 8 decrease
6 revealed 9 in
6 revealed 14 with
7 a 8 decrease
9 in 13 problems
10 reported 11 executive
11 executive 13 problems
12 function 13 problems
14 with 15 increasing
15 increasing 16 age

on the behavior regulation index ( bri ) , 5 - to 8 - [year] - olds showed significantly more executive function problems than 9 - to 11 - year [-] olds , as [did] the 12 - [to] 14 [-] year - olds compared to 15 - to 18 - [year] - olds ( except on the shift subscale ) . 
1 on 4 regulation
1 on 7 bri
2 the 4 regulation
3 behavior 4 regulation
5 index 7 bri
6 ( 7 bri
7 bri 8 )
7 bri 16 -
7 bri 18 showed
9 , 16 -
10 5 12 to
10 5 16 -
11 - 12 to
12 to 13 8
12 to 14 -
16 - 17 olds
18 showed 23 problems
18 showed 24 than
19 significantly 20 more
20 more 23 problems
21 executive 22 function
22 function 23 problems
24 than 25 9
24 than 34 as
25 9 27 to
26 - 27 to
27 to 28 11
27 to 33 ,
28 11 32 olds
29 - 32 olds
30 year 32 olds
32 olds 33 ,
34 as 42 year
36 the 42 year
37 12 38 -
38 - 40 14
38 - 42 year
42 year 53 -
43 - 53 -
44 olds 45 compared
44 olds 49 to
44 olds 53 -
45 compared 46 to
46 to 47 15
48 - 49 to
49 to 50 18
49 to 51 -
53 - 54 olds
53 - 62 .
54 olds 56 except
55 ( 56 except
56 except 57 on
56 except 61 )
57 on 60 subscale
58 the 60 subscale
59 shift 60 subscale

on the metacognition index , we found that 9 - to 11 - [year] - olds differed significantly from 5 - to 8 [-] year - olds on the working memory subscale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 on 4 index
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 we
2 the 4 index
3 metacognition 4 index
6 we 7 found
7 found 8 that
7 found 9 9
9 9 11 to
10 - 11 to
11 to 12 11
11 to 13 -
15 - 16 olds
15 - 17 differed
15 - 26 -
15 - 33 .
16 olds 17 differed
17 differed 18 significantly
17 differed 19 from
17 differed 22 to
19 from 20 5
21 - 22 to
22 to 25 year
22 to 26 -
23 8 25 year
26 - 27 olds
26 - 32 subscale
27 olds 28 on
27 olds 32 subscale
28 on 31 memory
29 the 31 memory
30 working 31 memory

in addition , the current study showed that the internal consistency of the dutch brief is very high , and that this version of the brief has a high test - retest stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 current 6 study
6 study 7 showed
7 showed 20 and
7 showed 23 version
7 showed 27 has
8 that 20 and
9 the 11 consistency
10 internal 11 consistency
11 consistency 12 of
11 consistency 20 and
12 of 14 dutch
13 the 14 dutch
14 dutch 15 brief
14 dutch 16 is
15 brief 16 is
16 is 18 high
17 very 18 high
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 that
22 this 23 version
23 version 24 of
23 version 27 has
24 of 26 brief
25 the 26 brief
27 has 30 test
28 a 30 test
29 high 30 test
31 - 32 retest
31 - 34 .
32 retest 33 stability

item factor analysis confirmed the expected eight common factor model , and factor analysis of the eight test scores confirmed the two [-] factor model , as proposed by gioia et al . , in the dutch data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 proposed
1 item 3 analysis
2 factor 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 12 and
4 confirmed 18 test
5 the 10 model
6 expected 9 factor
7 eight 9 factor
8 common 9 factor
9 factor 10 model
10 model 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 analysis
12 and 15 of
12 and 18 test
13 factor 14 analysis
15 of 17 eight
16 the 17 eight
18 test 19 scores
18 test 28 proposed
19 scores 20 confirmed
20 confirmed 25 model
20 confirmed 27 as
21 the 25 model
22 two 24 factor
24 factor 25 model
26 , 27 as
27 as 28 proposed
28 proposed 29 by
28 proposed 35 in
29 by 32 al
30 gioia 32 al
31 et 32 al
32 al 33 .
34 , 35 in
35 in 38 data
35 in 39 .
36 the 38 data
37 dutch 38 data

with a rapidly aging society , geriatric mental health is emerging as important public health concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 with 5 society
1 with 6 ,
1 with 9 health
2 a 5 society
3 rapidly 4 aging
4 aging 5 society
7 geriatric 9 health
8 mental 9 health
9 health 10 is
10 is 11 emerging
11 emerging 12 as
12 as 16 concern
13 important 14 public
14 public 16 concern
15 health 16 concern

despite the short history of psychiatric epidemiology in korea , recently , epidemiologic data regarding geriatric psychiatric problems has started to accumulate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 started
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 despite 4 history
1 despite 10 ,
1 despite 14 data
2 the 4 history
3 short 4 history
4 history 5 of
5 of 7 epidemiology
6 psychiatric 7 epidemiology
7 epidemiology 8 in
8 in 9 korea
10 , 11 recently
11 recently 12 ,
11 recently 14 data
13 epidemiologic 14 data
14 data 15 regarding
14 data 19 has
15 regarding 18 problems
16 geriatric 18 problems
17 psychiatric 18 problems
19 has 20 started
20 started 21 to
20 started 22 accumulate
21 to 22 accumulate

in the current study , we reviewed epidemiological findings regarding geriatric mental health in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 we 7 reviewed
7 reviewed 9 findings
8 epidemiological 9 findings
9 findings 10 regarding
10 regarding 13 health
10 regarding 14 in
11 geriatric 13 health
12 mental 13 health
14 in 15 korea

it was found that up to 10 % of the elderly suffer from dementia [,] and 10 % to 20 % from depressive disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 found
3 found 5 up
4 that 5 up
5 up 6 to
5 up 19 to
6 to 18 %
7 10 8 %
7 10 16 and
8 % 9 of
8 % 12 suffer
9 of 11 elderly
10 the 11 elderly
12 suffer 13 from
13 from 14 dementia
16 and 17 10
16 and 18 %
19 to 21 %
20 20 21 %
21 % 22 from
22 from 24 disorder
23 depressive 24 disorder

further , prevalence estimates [of] alzheimer 's disease ranged from 4.2 % to 9.0 % , and vascular dementia from 1.0 % to 4.8 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 estimates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 estimates
4 estimates 17 and
4 estimates 20 from
4 estimates 23 to
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
8 disease 9 ranged
8 disease 17 and
9 ranged 10 from
9 ranged 13 to
10 from 12 %
11 4.2 12 %
13 to 15 %
14 9.0 15 %
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 dementia
18 vascular 19 dementia
20 from 22 %
21 1.0 22 %
23 to 25 %
24 4.8 25 %

annual incidence rates for alzheimer 's were 2.7 % to 3.4 % whereas that for vascular dementia was found to be as low as 0.3 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 annual 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 rates
3 rates 4 for
3 rates 7 were
4 for 6 's
5 alzheimer 6 's
7 were 9 %
7 were 10 to
7 were 13 whereas
7 were 23 low
7 were 24 as
8 2.7 9 %
10 to 12 %
11 3.4 12 %
13 whereas 14 that
13 whereas 21 be
14 that 15 for
14 that 18 was
15 for 17 dementia
16 vascular 17 dementia
18 was 19 found
19 found 20 to
20 to 21 be
22 as 23 low
24 as 26 %
25 0.3 26 %

the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 4.2 % to 9.1 % , while that [of] clinically significant depressive symptom was between 9.1 [%] and 33.0 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 7 was
3 of 6 disorder
4 major 6 disorder
5 depressive 6 disorder
7 was 9 %
7 was 10 to
7 was 14 while
8 4.2 9 %
10 to 12 %
11 9.1 12 %
13 , 14 while
14 while 20 symptom
14 while 21 was
14 while 28 .
15 that 20 symptom
17 clinically 18 significant
18 significant 20 symptom
19 depressive 20 symptom
20 symptom 21 was
21 was 22 between
22 between 27 %
23 9.1 25 and
25 and 26 33.0
25 and 27 %

finally , those with alcohol use disorders were found to comprise up to 13.6 % of elderly population and additionally , 22 % to 58 % of the elderly were found to have sleep difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 those
3 those 4 with
3 those 8 were
4 with 7 disorders
5 alcohol 6 use
6 use 7 disorders
8 were 9 found
9 found 10 to
10 to 11 comprise
11 comprise 15 %
12 up 13 to
13 to 14 13.6
14 13.6 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 18 population
17 elderly 18 population
19 and 23 %
19 and 33 have
20 additionally 21 ,
20 additionally 23 %
22 22 23 %
23 % 24 to
23 % 30 were
24 to 26 %
25 58 26 %
26 % 27 of
27 of 29 elderly
28 the 29 elderly
30 were 31 found
31 found 32 to
32 to 33 have
33 have 35 difficulties
34 sleep 35 difficulties

thus major mental disorders are already prevalent among the korean elderly and [are] likely to increase rapidly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 thus 5 are
2 major 4 disorders
3 mental 4 disorders
4 disorders 5 are
5 are 6 already
5 are 7 prevalent
7 prevalent 8 among
7 prevalent 12 and
8 among 10 korean
9 the 10 korean
11 elderly 12 and
12 and 14 likely
14 likely 15 to
14 likely 16 increase
15 to 16 increase
16 increase 17 rapidly

objective : to examine use of behavioral health services , treatment preferences , and facilitators and barriers to service use in older adults receiving home - based services within the aging network . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 5 use
4 examine 27 based
5 use 6 of
5 use 16 and
5 use 27 based
6 of 9 services
7 behavioral 8 health
8 health 9 services
10 , 16 and
11 treatment 12 preferences
12 preferences 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 facilitators
14 and 16 and
16 and 17 barriers
16 and 26 -
17 barriers 18 to
18 to 20 use
19 service 20 use
20 use 21 in
20 use 24 receiving
21 in 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
24 receiving 25 home
27 based 28 services
28 services 29 within
29 within 32 network
30 the 32 network
31 aging 32 network

design : cross - sectional survey . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 survey
4 - 7 .
5 sectional 6 survey

setting : interviews were conducted in participants ' homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 interviews
2 : 5 conducted
2 : 10 .
3 interviews 4 were
4 were 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 in
6 in 9 homes
7 participants 8 '
8 ' 9 homes

participants : one hundred forty - two clients receiving home - based aging services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 forty
2 : 12 based
2 : 15 .
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 forty
5 forty 8 clients
5 forty 12 based
6 - 8 clients
7 two 8 clients
8 clients 9 receiving
8 clients 11 -
9 receiving 10 home
12 based 14 services
13 aging 14 services

measurements : structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition ; brief symptom inventory - 18 ; discrimination - devaluation scale ; utilization of behavioral health services [;] and preferences , facilitators , and barriers for behavioral health services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
1 measurements 2 :
2 : 5 interview
3 structured 5 interview
4 clinical 5 interview
5 interview 6 for
5 interview 11 of
6 for 8 and
7 diagnostic 8 and
8 and 10 manual
9 statistical 10 manual
11 of 13 disorders
12 mental 13 disorders
14 , 16 edition
14 , 17 ;
15 fourth 16 edition
17 ; 20 inventory
17 ; 21 -
18 brief 19 symptom
19 symptom 20 inventory
21 - 22 18
21 - 23 ;
21 - 46 .
23 ; 24 discrimination
23 ; 25 -
25 - 27 scale
25 - 28 ;
25 - 37 ,
26 devaluation 27 scale
28 ; 35 and
29 utilization 30 of
29 utilization 35 and
30 of 33 services
31 behavioral 32 health
32 health 33 services
35 and 36 preferences
37 , 40 and
38 facilitators 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 barriers
40 and 42 for
42 for 45 services
43 behavioral 44 health
44 health 45 services

results : use of psychotropic medication was high ( 54.2 % ) , primarily received [in] primary care settings ( 58.8 % ) , with a few visits a year ( 54.0 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 use
2 : 7 was
2 : 35 .
3 use 4 of
3 use 7 was
4 of 6 medication
5 psychotropic 6 medication
7 was 19 settings
8 high 11 %
8 high 13 ,
8 high 18 care
9 ( 11 %
10 54.2 11 %
11 % 12 )
14 primarily 15 received
15 received 18 care
17 primary 18 care
18 care 19 settings
19 settings 22 %
19 settings 25 with
20 ( 22 %
21 58.8 22 %
22 % 23 )
24 , 25 with
25 with 28 visits
25 with 30 year
25 with 34 )
26 a 27 few
27 few 28 visits
29 a 30 year
30 year 33 %
31 ( 33 %
32 54.0 33 %
33 % 34 )

participants were more likely to be taking psychotropic medication if they were younger and white . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 likely
3 more 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 6 be
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 taking
7 taking 9 medication
7 taking 10 if
8 psychotropic 9 medication
10 if 11 they
10 if 14 and
11 they 14 and
12 were 13 younger
12 were 14 and
14 and 15 white

approximately one [-] third of participants on antidepressant or antianxiety medication still met criteria for an axis i disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 third
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 approximately 4 third
2 one 4 third
4 third 5 of
4 third 13 met
5 of 6 participants
6 participants 7 on
7 on 9 or
8 antidepressant 9 or
9 or 11 medication
10 antianxiety 11 medication
12 still 13 met
13 met 14 criteria
14 criteria 15 for
15 for 19 disorder
16 an 19 disorder
17 axis 18 i
17 axis 19 disorder

twenty - one participants ( 14.8 % ) reported receiving counseling within the past year , with a few visits or less a year for most ( 57.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 twenty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 - 3 one
3 one 4 participants
3 one 9 reported
3 one 10 receiving
4 participants 7 %
4 participants 9 reported
5 ( 7 %
6 14.8 7 %
7 % 8 )
10 receiving 11 counseling
11 counseling 12 within
11 counseling 17 with
12 within 15 year
13 the 14 past
13 the 15 year
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 few
17 with 21 or
17 with 30 )
18 a 19 few
20 visits 21 or
21 or 22 less
21 or 24 year
23 a 24 year
24 year 25 for
25 for 26 most
26 most 29 %
27 ( 29 %
28 57.1 29 %
29 % 30 )

almost all were willing to see at least one professional ( 97.2 % ) and try prescribed medications or counseling ( 90.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 almost 2 all
2 all 15 and
3 were 4 willing
3 were 15 and
4 willing 5 to
4 willing 6 see
5 to 6 see
6 see 10 professional
7 at 8 least
8 least 9 one
9 one 10 professional
10 professional 13 %
11 ( 13 %
12 97.2 13 %
13 % 14 )
15 and 16 try
16 try 19 or
17 prescribed 18 medications
18 medications 19 or
19 or 20 counseling
19 or 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 90.1 23 %
23 % 24 )

the most common barriers to service use were practical : affordability ( 71.8 % ) , difficulty traveling ( 62.7 % ) , [and] lack of transportation ( 45.8 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 barriers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 4 barriers
3 common 4 barriers
4 barriers 5 to
4 barriers 8 were
5 to 7 use
6 service 7 use
8 were 9 practical
10 : 11 affordability
11 affordability 14 %
11 affordability 17 difficulty
11 affordability 25 lack
12 ( 14 %
13 71.8 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 , 17 difficulty
17 difficulty 18 traveling
17 difficulty 21 %
17 difficulty 23 ,
19 ( 21 %
20 62.7 21 %
21 % 22 )
23 , 25 lack
25 lack 26 of
25 lack 31 )
26 of 27 transportation
27 transportation 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 45.8 30 %
30 % 31 )

conclusions : aging network clients receiving home - based services have ready access to psychotropic medications but receive very few specialty behavioral health services and medication monitoring visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 10 services
2 : 17 but
3 aging 5 clients
3 aging 7 home
3 aging 8 -
3 aging 10 services
4 network 5 clients
5 clients 6 receiving
9 based 10 services
10 services 17 but
11 have 13 access
11 have 14 to
11 have 17 but
12 ready 13 access
14 to 16 medications
15 psychotropic 16 medications
17 but 18 receive
18 receive 25 and
19 very 20 few
20 few 25 and
21 specialty 24 services
22 behavioral 24 services
23 health 24 services
24 services 25 and
25 and 26 medication
25 and 27 monitoring
27 monitoring 28 visits

they are willing to use a variety of behavioral health services and perceive mainly practical barriers to using services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 willing
3 willing 4 to
3 willing 12 and
4 to 12 and
5 use 7 variety
5 use 12 and
6 a 7 variety
7 variety 8 of
8 of 11 services
9 behavioral 10 health
10 health 11 services
12 and 13 perceive
13 perceive 16 barriers
14 mainly 15 practical
15 practical 16 barriers
16 barriers 17 to
17 to 18 using
18 using 19 services

the aging network has significant potential to enhance access to service utilization ; strategies for integrating behavioral health services in the aging network are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 network
2 aging 3 network
3 network 4 has
4 has 6 potential
4 has 7 to
4 has 10 to
5 significant 6 potential
7 to 8 enhance
8 enhance 9 access
10 to 12 utilization
11 service 12 utilization
13 ; 14 strategies
13 ; 25 discussed
14 strategies 15 for
14 strategies 24 are
15 for 16 integrating
16 integrating 19 services
16 integrating 20 in
17 behavioral 19 services
18 health 19 services
20 in 23 network
21 the 23 network
22 aging 23 network
24 are 25 discussed

objectives : nursing home ( nh ) hospitalizations place an enormous economic burden on an already overtaxed american healthcare system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 hospitalizations
2 : 9 place
2 : 21 .
3 nursing 4 home
3 nursing 7 )
3 nursing 8 hospitalizations
4 home 6 nh
5 ( 6 nh
6 nh 7 )
8 hospitalizations 9 place
9 place 13 burden
9 place 14 on
10 an 11 enormous
10 an 13 burden
11 enormous 13 burden
12 economic 13 burden
14 on 20 system
15 an 20 system
16 already 17 overtaxed
17 overtaxed 20 system
18 american 20 system
19 healthcare 20 system

hospitalizations for " ambulatory care - sensitive " ( acs ) conditions are considered preventable , as these are physical health conditions that can potentially be treated safely in a nh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 hospitalizations 12 conditions
2 for 3 "
2 for 5 care
2 for 6 -
2 for 12 conditions
4 ambulatory 5 care
7 sensitive 8 "
7 sensitive 10 acs
7 sensitive 12 conditions
9 ( 10 acs
10 acs 11 )
12 conditions 13 are
13 are 14 considered
14 considered 15 preventable
16 , 23 that
16 , 27 treated
17 as 18 these
17 as 19 are
17 as 23 that
18 these 19 are
19 are 22 conditions
20 physical 21 health
21 health 22 conditions
23 that 24 can
24 can 26 be
25 potentially 26 be
26 be 27 treated
27 treated 28 safely
27 treated 29 in
29 in 31 nh
30 a 31 nh

the authors examined risk factors , including mental disorders and dementia , for hospitalization of medicaid - enrolled nh residents with acs conditions during fiscal [year] 2003 - 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 examined
2 authors 4 risk
4 risk 5 factors
6 , 7 including
6 , 18 enrolled
6 , 28 -
7 including 10 and
7 including 18 enrolled
8 mental 9 disorders
9 disorders 10 and
10 and 11 dementia
10 and 13 for
12 , 13 for
13 for 14 hospitalization
13 for 17 -
14 hospitalization 15 of
15 of 16 medicaid
18 enrolled 20 residents
19 nh 20 residents
20 residents 21 with
21 with 23 conditions
22 acs 23 conditions
23 conditions 24 during
24 during 25 fiscal
25 fiscal 27 2003
28 - 29 2006
28 - 30 .

methods : the authors merged medicaid claims and enrollment data and online survey certification and reporting information for 72,251 medicaid - enrolled nh residents in 647 nhs in florida . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 authors
3 the 4 authors
4 authors 5 merged
4 authors 6 medicaid
4 authors 7 claims
6 medicaid 7 claims
8 and 15 and
8 and 22 enrolled
9 enrollment 10 data
10 data 11 and
11 and 14 certification
11 and 15 and
12 online 13 survey
13 survey 14 certification
15 and 17 information
15 and 21 -
15 and 22 enrolled
16 reporting 17 information
17 information 18 for
18 for 20 medicaid
19 72,251 20 medicaid
22 enrolled 24 residents
22 enrolled 25 in
22 enrolled 28 in
23 nh 24 residents
25 in 27 nhs
26 647 27 nhs
28 in 29 florida

the authors identified at least one acs hospitalization in 8,382 residents for a total of 10,091 hospital admissions ( 18.5 % of all hospitalizations ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 identified
3 identified 8 hospitalization
3 identified 9 in
4 at 5 least
5 least 6 one
6 one 8 hospitalization
7 acs 8 hospitalization
9 in 11 residents
10 8,382 11 residents
11 residents 12 for
12 for 14 total
13 a 14 total
14 total 15 of
15 of 18 admissions
16 10,091 18 admissions
17 hospital 18 admissions
18 admissions 21 %
19 ( 21 %
20 18.5 21 %
21 % 22 of
21 % 25 )
22 of 24 hospitalizations
23 all 24 hospitalizations

the authors used cox proportional hazard regression to assess time to the first acs hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 used
3 used 7 regression
3 used 8 to
3 used 9 assess
4 cox 7 regression
5 proportional 6 hazard
6 hazard 7 regression
8 to 9 assess
9 assess 10 time
9 assess 11 to
11 to 15 hospitalization
12 the 13 first
12 the 15 hospitalization
14 acs 15 hospitalization

results : in a fully adjusted model , younger age , [non] - white race , dementia , and serious mental disorder were associated with greater risk of acs hospitalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 19 and
2 : 24 associated
2 : 31 .
3 in 7 model
3 in 13 -
3 in 19 and
4 a 7 model
5 fully 6 adjusted
6 adjusted 7 model
7 model 10 age
8 , 10 age
9 younger 10 age
10 age 11 ,
14 white 15 race
15 race 16 ,
16 , 17 dementia
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 22 disorder
19 and 23 were
20 serious 22 disorder
21 mental 22 disorder
23 were 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
25 with 27 risk
26 greater 27 risk
27 risk 28 of
28 of 30 hospitalization
29 acs 30 hospitalization

in addition , residents with a diagnosed mental disorder and no dementia incurred relatively high expenditures for acs hospitalizations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 incurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 residents
4 residents 5 with
4 residents 13 incurred
5 with 10 and
6 a 9 disorder
7 diagnosed 9 disorder
8 mental 9 disorder
9 disorder 10 and
10 and 12 dementia
11 no 12 dementia
13 incurred 16 expenditures
14 relatively 15 high
15 high 16 expenditures
16 expenditures 17 for
17 for 19 hospitalizations
18 acs 19 hospitalizations

among facility characteristics , participants [from] [for] - profit facilities , facilities that were not a member of a chain , had more medicaid recipients , and fewer than 120 beds had greater risk of acs hospitalizations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 among
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 profit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 among 3 characteristics
1 among 9 profit
2 facility 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 5 participants
4 , 5 participants
5 participants 8 -
9 profit 10 facilities
10 facilities 12 facilities
11 , 12 facilities
12 facilities 13 that
12 facilities 14 were
12 facilities 21 ,
13 that 14 were
14 were 15 not
14 were 17 member
16 a 17 member
17 member 18 of
18 of 20 chain
19 a 20 chain
21 , 22 had
22 had 27 and
22 had 32 had
23 more 25 recipients
24 medicaid 25 recipients
25 recipients 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 31 beds
28 fewer 29 than
29 than 30 120
30 120 31 beds
32 had 34 risk
33 greater 34 risk
34 risk 35 of
35 of 37 hospitalizations
36 acs 37 hospitalizations

conclusions : attention to the identified predictors of hospitalization for acs conditions , which are potentially preventable , could reduce the risk and cost of these hospitalizations among medicaid - enrolled nh residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 23 and
2 : 31 enrolled
3 attention 4 to
3 attention 8 of
3 attention 10 for
3 attention 23 and
4 to 7 predictors
5 the 7 predictors
6 identified 7 predictors
8 of 9 hospitalization
10 for 11 acs
11 acs 12 conditions
11 acs 20 reduce
12 conditions 14 which
12 conditions 19 could
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 are
14 which 18 ,
15 are 16 potentially
15 are 17 preventable
19 could 20 reduce
20 reduce 22 risk
21 the 22 risk
23 and 24 cost
23 and 30 -
23 and 31 enrolled
24 cost 25 of
24 cost 28 among
25 of 27 hospitalizations
26 these 27 hospitalizations
28 among 29 medicaid
31 enrolled 33 residents
32 nh 33 residents

the need to reduce unnecessary hospitalization will become only more urgent as the population ages and healthcare expenses continue to escalate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 need
2 need 3 to
2 need 4 reduce
2 need 7 will
3 to 4 reduce
4 reduce 6 hospitalization
5 unnecessary 6 hospitalization
7 will 8 become
8 become 9 only
8 become 11 urgent
10 more 11 urgent
11 urgent 12 as
12 as 15 ages
13 the 15 ages
14 population 15 ages
16 and 18 expenses
16 and 19 continue
17 healthcare 18 expenses
18 expenses 19 continue
19 continue 20 to
19 continue 21 escalate
20 to 21 escalate

study design : prospective , multicenter study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 :
3 : 7 study
4 prospective 5 ,
4 prospective 7 study
6 multicenter 7 study

objective : to conduct peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) screening on intermittent claudication ( ic ) in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis ( lscs ) to examine the relationships among combined lscs and pad , symptoms , and physical findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 11 screening
3 to 7 disease
4 conduct 7 disease
5 peripheral 7 disease
6 arterial 7 disease
7 disease 9 pad
8 ( 9 pad
9 pad 10 )
11 screening 12 on
11 screening 14 claudication
11 screening 18 in
11 screening 28 to
13 intermittent 14 claudication
14 claudication 16 ic
15 ( 16 ic
16 ic 17 )
18 in 19 patients
19 patients 20 with
20 with 24 stenosis
21 lumbar 23 canal
22 spinal 23 canal
23 canal 24 stenosis
24 stenosis 26 lscs
25 ( 26 lscs
26 lscs 27 )
28 to 29 examine
29 examine 35 and
30 the 35 and
31 relationships 32 among
31 relationships 35 and
32 among 34 lscs
33 combined 34 lscs
35 and 36 pad
37 , 40 and
38 symptoms 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 42 findings
41 physical 42 findings

summary of background data : ic occurs due to two underlying diseases , lscs and pad , and has an increasing prevalence with the aging of society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 summary 2 of
2 of 3 background
3 background 4 data
5 : 6 ic
5 : 18 and
6 ic 18 and
7 occurs 9 to
7 occurs 18 and
8 due 9 to
9 to 10 two
10 two 11 underlying
10 two 16 pad
11 underlying 12 diseases
13 , 16 pad
14 lscs 15 and
15 and 16 pad
16 pad 17 ,
18 and 19 has
19 has 22 prevalence
20 an 22 prevalence
21 increasing 22 prevalence
22 prevalence 23 with
23 with 25 aging
24 the 25 aging
25 aging 26 of
26 of 27 society

reliable diagnosis of pad is critical for appropriate conservative management of ic patients with lscs in an orthopedic surgery outpatient department ( osopd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reliable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 reliable 5 is
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 5 is
3 of 4 pad
5 is 6 critical
6 critical 7 for
6 critical 11 of
6 critical 14 with
6 critical 16 in
7 for 10 management
8 appropriate 10 management
9 conservative 10 management
11 of 13 patients
12 ic 13 patients
14 with 15 lscs
16 in 23 osopd
17 an 23 osopd
18 orthopedic 19 surgery
19 surgery 20 outpatient
20 outpatient 21 department
21 department 23 osopd
22 ( 23 osopd
23 osopd 24 )

methods : pad tests were prospectively conducted in 201 patients with ic and lscs who initially visited an osopd at a hospital affiliated with the nogoya spine group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 tests
2 : 7 conducted
3 pad 4 tests
4 tests 5 were
5 were 6 prospectively
5 were 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 in
7 conducted 11 with
7 conducted 20 at
7 conducted 24 with
8 in 10 patients
9 201 10 patients
11 with 13 and
12 ic 13 and
13 and 14 lscs
13 and 15 who
13 and 17 visited
15 who 17 visited
16 initially 17 visited
17 visited 19 osopd
18 an 19 osopd
20 at 22 hospital
21 a 22 hospital
22 hospital 23 affiliated
24 with 28 group
25 the 28 group
26 nogoya 27 spine
27 spine 28 group

occurrence of pad as a complication [was] assessed using ankle brachial pressure index ( abi ) and toe brachial pressure index ( tbi ) tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 occurrence 2 of
1 occurrence 4 as
1 occurrence 17 and
2 of 3 pad
4 as 13 index
5 a 13 index
6 complication 8 assessed
8 assessed 13 index
9 using 10 ankle
10 ankle 13 index
11 brachial 12 pressure
12 pressure 13 index
13 index 15 abi
14 ( 15 abi
15 abi 16 )
17 and 21 index
17 and 23 tbi
17 and 25 tests
18 toe 21 index
19 brachial 20 pressure
20 pressure 21 index
22 ( 23 tbi
23 tbi 24 )

pad was diagnosed in patients with abi ≤ 0.9 or tbi ≤ 0.6 , and the relationship of the occurrence of pad with symptoms and physical findings such as abnormal arterial pulses was investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 pad 2 was
2 was 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 4 in
4 in 10 or
5 patients 6 with
5 patients 10 or
6 with 8 ≤
7 abi 8 ≤
8 ≤ 9 0.9
10 or 12 ≤
11 tbi 12 ≤
12 ≤ 13 0.6
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 relationship
15 and 33 was
16 the 17 relationship
17 relationship 18 of
17 relationship 33 was
18 of 25 and
19 the 20 occurrence
20 occurrence 21 of
20 occurrence 25 and
21 of 22 pad
22 pad 23 with
23 with 24 symptoms
25 and 27 findings
25 and 29 as
26 physical 27 findings
28 such 29 as
29 as 32 pulses
30 abnormal 32 pulses
31 arterial 32 pulses
33 was 34 investigated

results : combined lscs and pad was found in 52 patients ( 26 % ) , with 45 cases ( 22 % ) diagnosed on the basis of tbi test [in] patients with a normal abi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 combined 4 lscs
3 combined 5 and
5 and 8 found
5 and 33 with
6 pad 7 was
7 was 8 found
8 found 9 in
8 found 25 on
8 found 32 patients
9 in 10 52
10 52 11 patients
10 52 24 diagnosed
11 patients 14 %
11 patients 17 with
11 patients 24 diagnosed
12 ( 14 %
13 26 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 , 17 with
17 with 19 cases
17 with 23 )
18 45 19 cases
19 cases 22 %
20 ( 22 %
21 22 22 %
22 % 23 )
25 on 27 basis
26 the 27 basis
27 basis 28 of
28 of 29 tbi
30 test 32 patients
33 with 36 abi
34 a 36 abi
35 normal 36 abi

of the patients with pad , many suffered from risk factors for pad , with a significantly higher frequency of pad in patients with hyperlipidemia ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 many
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suffered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 of 3 patients
1 of 6 ,
1 of 7 many
2 the 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 5 pad
7 many 8 suffered
8 suffered 9 from
8 suffered 12 for
8 suffered 15 with
9 from 11 factors
10 risk 11 factors
12 for 13 pad
14 , 15 with
15 with 19 frequency
15 with 30 )
16 a 19 frequency
17 significantly 18 higher
18 higher 19 frequency
19 frequency 20 of
20 of 21 pad
21 pad 22 in
21 pad 24 with
21 pad 28 <
22 in 23 patients
24 with 25 hyperlipidemia
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.05

pad also occurred significantly more frequently in patients with abnormal pulses in the popliteal ( p < 0.05 ) , posterior tibial ( p < 0.0001 ) , and dorsal pedis ( p < 0.0001 ) [arteries] ; however , the sensitivity of these tests for pad diagnosis was relatively low , at 34 % , 60 [%] and 68 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 pad 3 occurred
2 also 3 occurred
3 occurred 4 significantly
3 occurred 6 frequently
3 occurred 7 in
3 occurred 9 with
5 more 6 frequently
7 in 8 patients
9 with 11 pulses
9 with 31 pedis
10 abnormal 11 pulses
11 pulses 12 in
12 in 21 posterior
13 the 21 posterior
14 popliteal 17 <
14 popliteal 20 ,
14 popliteal 21 posterior
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.05
17 < 19 )
22 tibial 25 <
22 tibial 29 and
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.0001
25 < 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 dorsal
29 and 31 pedis
31 pedis 34 <
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.0001
34 < 36 )
38 ; 42 sensitivity
38 ; 49 was
39 however 40 ,
39 however 42 sensitivity
41 the 42 sensitivity
42 sensitivity 43 of
42 sensitivity 49 was
43 of 45 tests
44 these 45 tests
45 tests 46 for
46 for 48 diagnosis
47 pad 48 diagnosis
49 was 51 low
50 relatively 51 low
51 low 53 at
51 low 63 respectively
52 , 53 at
53 at 55 %
53 at 62 ,
54 34 55 %
55 % 61 %
56 , 61 %
57 60 59 and
59 and 60 68
59 and 61 %
61 % 62 ,

conclusion : the results of the prospective study define the rate of occurrence of combined lscs and pad using abi and tbi tests for the first time , and the findings suggest that screening for pad should be conducted in lscs patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 9 define
2 : 17 and
2 : 39 conducted
2 : 43 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 9 define
5 of 8 study
6 the 8 study
7 prospective 8 study
9 define 11 rate
10 the 11 rate
11 rate 12 of
12 of 13 occurrence
13 occurrence 14 of
14 of 16 lscs
15 combined 16 lscs
17 and 18 pad
17 and 23 tests
18 pad 19 using
18 pad 23 tests
19 using 21 and
20 abi 21 and
21 and 22 tbi
23 tests 29 and
23 tests 32 suggest
24 for 26 first
24 for 29 and
25 the 26 first
27 time 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 findings
29 and 32 suggest
30 the 31 findings
32 suggest 34 screening
32 suggest 35 for
33 that 34 screening
35 for 36 pad
36 pad 37 should
37 should 38 be
38 be 39 conducted
39 conducted 40 in
40 in 42 patients
41 lscs 42 patients

abi and tbi tests are necessary for pad screening in outpatients , whereas observation of the arterial pulse in the lower extremities is necessary but not sufficient for pad diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 and 4 tests
2 and 23 is
3 tbi 4 tests
4 tests 5 are
5 are 6 necessary
6 necessary 7 for
7 for 8 pad
8 pad 9 screening
9 screening 10 in
9 screening 11 outpatients
9 screening 13 whereas
12 , 13 whereas
13 whereas 14 observation
14 observation 15 of
14 observation 23 is
15 of 18 pulse
16 the 18 pulse
17 arterial 18 pulse
18 pulse 19 in
19 in 22 extremities
20 the 22 extremities
21 lower 22 extremities
23 is 30 diagnosis
24 necessary 25 but
25 but 26 not
25 but 27 sufficient
25 but 30 diagnosis
27 sufficient 28 for
28 for 29 pad

angiogenesis , a formation of neo - vessels from pre - existing ones , is regulated by the local balance between its stimulators and inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 angiogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 regulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 angiogenesis 4 formation
1 angiogenesis 15 is
2 , 4 formation
3 a 4 formation
4 formation 5 of
4 formation 14 ,
5 of 8 vessels
6 neo 7 -
6 neo 8 vessels
8 vessels 9 from
8 vessels 13 ones
9 from 10 pre
11 - 13 ones
12 existing 13 ones
13 ones 14 ,
15 is 16 regulated
16 regulated 17 by
16 regulated 21 between
17 by 20 balance
18 the 20 balance
19 local 20 balance
21 between 24 and
22 its 23 stimulators
23 stimulators 24 and
24 and 25 inhibitors

vasohibin - 1 ( vash1 ) was originally identified as an endothelium [-] derived vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) - inducible angiogenesis inhibitor [that] acts in a negative feedback manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vasohibin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 vasohibin 3 1
1 vasohibin 7 was
2 - 3 1
3 1 5 vash1
3 1 6 )
4 ( 5 vash1
5 vash1 6 )
7 was 9 identified
8 originally 9 identified
9 identified 10 as
10 as 18 factor
11 an 18 factor
12 endothelium 14 derived
14 derived 17 growth
15 vascular 17 growth
16 endothelial 17 growth
17 growth 18 factor
18 factor 20 vegf
19 ( 20 vegf
20 vegf 21 )
22 - 27 acts
23 inducible 24 angiogenesis
24 angiogenesis 25 inhibitor
25 inhibitor 27 acts
27 acts 28 in
28 in 32 manner
29 a 30 negative
29 a 32 manner
30 negative 31 feedback
31 feedback 32 manner

the expression of vash1 has been shown in endothelial cells ( ecs ) in both physiological and pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 5 has
3 of 4 vash1
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 shown
7 shown 8 in
7 shown 14 in
8 in 10 cells
9 endothelial 10 cells
10 cells 12 ecs
11 ( 12 ecs
12 ecs 13 )
14 in 19 conditions
15 both 19 conditions
16 physiological 17 and
17 and 18 pathological
17 and 19 conditions
19 conditions 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 angiogenesis

however , recent reports indicate that vash1 is expressed [not] only in ecs but also in other cell types including haematopoietic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 reports
3 recent 4 reports
4 reports 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 7 vash1
6 that 9 expressed
7 vash1 8 is
8 is 9 expressed
9 expressed 11 only
11 only 14 but
12 in 13 ecs
12 in 14 but
14 but 15 also
14 but 16 in
16 in 19 types
17 other 19 types
18 cell 19 types
19 types 20 including
20 including 22 cells
21 haematopoietic 22 cells

the function of vash1 may not be restricted to angiogenesis inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 restricted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 function
2 function 3 of
2 function 5 may
3 of 4 vash1
5 may 6 not
5 may 7 be
7 be 8 restricted
8 restricted 9 to
9 to 11 inhibition
10 angiogenesis 11 inhibition

methylation at cpg sites is a critical epigenetic modification in mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 methylation 2 at
1 methylation 5 is
2 at 4 sites
3 cpg 4 sites
5 is 9 modification
6 a 7 critical
6 a 9 modification
7 critical 9 modification
8 epigenetic 9 modification
9 modification 10 in
10 in 11 mammals

altered dna methylation has been suggested to be a central mechanism in development , some disease processes and cellular senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 altered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 altered 5 been
1 altered 7 to
2 dna 3 methylation
3 methylation 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 suggested
7 to 8 be
8 be 11 mechanism
9 a 10 central
9 a 11 mechanism
10 central 11 mechanism
11 mechanism 12 in
12 in 18 and
13 development 14 ,
14 , 17 processes
14 , 18 and
15 some 17 processes
16 disease 17 processes
18 and 20 senescence
19 cellular 20 senescence

quantifying the extent and identity of epigenetic changes in the aging process is therefore potentially important for understanding longevity and age - related diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 quantifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 quantifying 4 and
1 quantifying 9 in
1 quantifying 13 is
2 the 3 extent
3 extent 4 and
4 and 5 identity
4 and 6 of
6 of 8 changes
7 epigenetic 8 changes
9 in 12 process
10 the 12 process
11 aging 12 process
13 is 14 therefore
13 is 15 potentially
13 is 16 important
16 important 17 for
17 for 20 and
18 understanding 19 longevity
19 longevity 20 and
20 and 21 age
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 diseases

in the current study , we have examined dna methylation at >27,000 cpg sites throughout the human genome , [in] frontal cortex , temporal cortex , pons and cerebellum from 387 human donors between the ages of 1 and 102 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 current 4 study
6 we 7 have
7 have 10 methylation
7 have 11 at
7 have 15 throughout
7 have 34 between
8 examined 10 methylation
9 dna 10 methylation
11 at 14 sites
12 >27,000 14 sites
13 cpg 14 sites
15 throughout 28 and
16 the 18 genome
17 human 18 genome
18 genome 19 ,
19 , 22 cortex
19 , 23 ,
21 frontal 22 cortex
23 , 25 cortex
23 , 26 ,
24 temporal 25 cortex
26 , 27 pons
26 , 28 and
28 and 29 cerebellum
28 and 30 from
30 from 33 donors
31 387 33 donors
32 human 33 donors
34 between 36 ages
35 the 36 ages
36 ages 37 of
37 of 41 years
38 1 39 and
39 and 40 102
39 and 41 years

we identify cpg loci that show a highly significant , consistent correlation between dna methylation and chronological age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 identify
2 identify 4 loci
3 cpg 4 loci
4 loci 5 that
4 loci 6 show
5 that 6 show
6 show 12 correlation
6 show 15 methylation
6 show 16 and
7 a 8 highly
7 a 12 correlation
8 highly 9 significant
9 significant 10 ,
9 significant 12 correlation
11 consistent 12 correlation
12 correlation 13 between
13 between 14 dna
16 and 18 age
17 chronological 18 age

the majority of these loci are within cpg islands and there is a positive correlation between age and dna methylation level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 loci
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 5 loci
3 of 5 loci
4 these 5 loci
5 loci 6 are
6 are 7 within
7 within 9 islands
8 cpg 9 islands
10 and 11 there
10 and 12 is
11 there 12 is
12 is 15 correlation
12 is 16 between
13 a 15 correlation
14 positive 15 correlation
16 between 18 and
17 age 18 and
18 and 21 level
19 dna 20 methylation
20 methylation 21 level

lastly , we show that the cpg sites where the dna methylation level is significantly associated with age are physically close to genes involved in dna binding and regulation of transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 lastly 2 ,
1 lastly 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
4 show 7 cpg
4 show 28 and
6 the 7 cpg
7 cpg 8 sites
7 cpg 21 close
8 sites 9 where
8 sites 16 associated
8 sites 19 are
9 where 13 level
9 where 14 is
10 the 13 level
11 dna 12 methylation
12 methylation 13 level
13 level 14 is
14 is 15 significantly
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 age
19 are 21 close
20 physically 21 close
21 close 22 to
21 close 25 in
22 to 23 genes
23 genes 24 involved
25 in 26 dna
26 dna 27 binding
28 and 29 regulation
29 regulation 30 of
30 of 31 transcription

this suggests that specific age - related dna methylation changes may have quite a broad impact on gene expression in the human brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 5 age
3 that 12 have
4 specific 5 age
5 age 11 may
6 - 7 related
7 related 10 changes
7 related 11 may
8 dna 10 changes
9 methylation 10 changes
11 may 12 have
12 have 16 impact
12 have 17 on
12 have 20 in
13 quite 14 a
14 a 16 impact
15 broad 16 impact
17 on 19 expression
18 gene 19 expression
20 in 23 brain
21 the 23 brain
22 human 23 brain

objective : diabetes is a major cause of functional decline [among] older adults , but the role of glycemic control remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 diabetes
2 : 4 is
2 : 15 but
2 : 23 .
3 diabetes 4 is
4 is 7 cause
5 a 7 cause
6 major 7 cause
7 cause 8 of
8 of 13 adults
9 functional 10 decline
10 decline 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 , 15 but
15 but 17 role
15 but 21 remains
16 the 17 role
17 role 18 of
17 role 21 remains
18 of 20 control
19 glycemic 20 control
21 remains 22 unclear

this article assesses whether better glycemic control is associated with better maintenance of lower - extremity function [over] time in older adults with diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assesses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 assesses
3 assesses 4 whether
3 assesses 23 with
4 whether 7 control
4 whether 9 associated
5 better 7 control
6 glycemic 7 control
7 control 8 is
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 20 in
10 with 12 maintenance
11 better 12 maintenance
12 maintenance 13 of
13 of 19 time
14 lower 15 -
14 lower 16 extremity
16 extremity 19 time
17 function 19 time
20 in 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
23 with 24 diabetes

research design and methods : participants ( n = 119 ) in the san antonio longitudinal study of aging , ages 71 - 85 , who met american diabetes association diabetes criteria were followed over a 36 [-] month period . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 research 2 design
2 design 4 methods
3 and 4 methods
4 methods 5 :
5 : 6 participants
5 : 9 =
5 : 12 in
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 119
9 = 11 )
12 in 17 study
13 the 17 study
14 san 15 antonio
15 antonio 16 longitudinal
16 longitudinal 17 study
17 study 18 of
17 study 26 who
17 study 27 met
18 of 19 aging
19 aging 21 ages
20 , 21 ages
21 ages 23 -
21 ages 25 ,
22 71 23 -
23 - 24 85
26 who 27 met
27 met 31 diabetes
28 american 31 diabetes
29 diabetes 31 diabetes
30 association 31 diabetes
31 diabetes 32 criteria
31 diabetes 33 were
31 diabetes 34 followed
32 criteria 33 were
34 followed 35 over
35 over 40 period
36 a 40 period
37 36 39 month
39 month 40 period

seven measures of a1c ( hba ( 1c ) ) were obtained at 6 - month intervals ; three measures [of] lower [-] [extremity] [function] were obtained at 18 - month intervals using the short physical performance battery ( sppb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 seven 2 measures
2 measures 3 of
2 measures 11 were
3 of 4 a1c
4 a1c 6 hba
5 ( 6 hba
6 hba 8 1c
6 hba 10 )
7 ( 8 1c
8 1c 9 )
11 were 12 obtained
12 obtained 13 at
13 at 14 6
14 6 17 intervals
15 - 17 intervals
16 month 17 intervals
17 intervals 18 ;
18 ; 20 measures
19 three 20 measures
20 measures 22 lower
20 measures 26 were
26 were 27 obtained
27 obtained 28 at
28 at 29 18
29 18 32 intervals
30 - 32 intervals
31 month 32 intervals
32 intervals 33 using
32 intervals 41 )
33 using 40 sppb
34 the 40 sppb
35 short 36 physical
36 physical 37 performance
37 performance 38 battery
38 battery 40 sppb
39 ( 40 sppb

results : two glycemic control classes were identified : a poorer control class with higher means ( all >7 [%] ) and higher within [-] subject variability in hba ( 1c ) and a better control class with lower means ( all < 7 % [ )( lower within [-] subject variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 two
2 : 8 identified
2 : 9 :
3 two 5 control
3 two 6 classes
3 two 7 were
4 glycemic 5 control
5 control 6 classes
7 were 8 identified
9 : 12 control
10 a 12 control
11 poorer 12 control
12 control 22 and
13 class 14 with
13 class 22 and
14 with 16 means
15 higher 16 means
16 means 19 >7
17 ( 19 >7
18 all 19 >7
19 >7 21 )
22 and 23 higher
23 higher 24 within
24 within 33 and
26 subject 27 variability
27 variability 28 in
27 variability 33 and
28 in 29 hba
29 hba 31 1c
30 ( 31 1c
31 1c 32 )
33 and 37 class
33 and 38 with
33 and 42 all
34 a 37 class
35 better 36 control
36 control 37 class
38 with 40 means
39 lower 40 means
41 ( 42 all
42 all 45 %
42 all 48 lower
42 all 53 .
43 < 44 7
44 7 45 %
45 % 48 lower
48 lower 49 within
49 within 52 variability
51 subject 52 variability

the short - term and long - term maintenance of lower - extremity function , assessed by the association between the first and second sppb measures and the first [and] third sppb measures , were both greater in the better control class than in the poorer control class [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 the 4 term
2 short 3 -
2 short 4 term
4 term 5 and
5 and 9 maintenance
5 and 10 of
5 and 17 by
6 long 7 -
6 long 9 maintenance
8 term 9 maintenance
10 of 14 function
11 lower 12 -
11 lower 13 extremity
13 extremity 14 function
14 function 16 assessed
15 , 16 assessed
17 by 23 and
18 the 19 association
19 association 20 between
19 association 23 and
20 between 22 first
21 the 22 first
23 and 25 sppb
23 and 27 and
23 and 34 ,
24 second 25 sppb
26 measures 27 and
27 and 32 sppb
27 and 34 ,
28 the 29 first
28 the 32 sppb
31 third 32 sppb
33 measures 34 ,
34 , 35 were
35 were 36 both
36 both 37 greater
37 greater 38 in
37 greater 43 than
37 greater 44 in
38 in 42 class
39 the 42 class
40 better 41 control
41 control 42 class
44 in 48 class
45 the 48 class
46 poorer 47 control
47 control 48 class

conclusions : among older adults with diabetes , better glycemic control may improve both short - [term] and long - term maintenance [of] lower - extremity function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 with
6 with 7 diabetes
8 , 11 control
8 , 13 improve
9 better 11 control
10 glycemic 11 control
11 control 12 may
12 may 13 improve
13 improve 18 and
14 both 18 and
15 short 18 and
16 - 18 and
18 and 27 function
19 long 20 -
19 long 21 term
21 term 22 maintenance
22 maintenance 27 function
24 lower 25 -
24 lower 26 extremity
26 extremity 27 function

objective : we assessed the relation of diabetes and insulin resistance ( ir ) on left [ventricular] ( lv ) structure and function in african americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 assessed
2 : 27 .
3 we 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 relation
4 assessed 15 on
4 assessed 24 in
5 the 6 relation
6 relation 7 of
7 of 9 and
8 diabetes 9 and
9 and 11 resistance
9 and 13 ir
10 insulin 11 resistance
12 ( 13 ir
13 ir 14 )
15 on 22 and
16 left 19 lv
16 left 20 )
16 left 21 structure
18 ( 19 lv
19 lv 20 )
21 structure 22 and
22 and 23 function
24 in 26 americans
25 african 26 americans

research design and methods : among those receiving echocardiograms in cycle 1 of the jackson heart study , we assessed the sex - specific relation of fasting blood glucose ( fbg ) , diabetes , and ir to lv structure and function , adjusting for age , systolic blood pressure , antihypertensive medications , and bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 research 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 methods
5 : 19 we
5 : 20 assessed
5 : 23 -
6 among 9 echocardiograms
6 among 19 we
7 those 9 echocardiograms
8 receiving 9 echocardiograms
9 echocardiograms 10 in
9 echocardiograms 13 of
10 in 11 cycle
11 cycle 12 1
13 of 16 heart
14 the 16 heart
15 jackson 16 heart
17 study 18 ,
17 study 19 we
19 we 20 assessed
20 assessed 22 sex
21 the 22 sex
23 - 41 and
23 - 51 ,
24 specific 25 relation
25 relation 26 of
25 relation 33 ,
26 of 27 fasting
27 fasting 29 glucose
28 blood 29 glucose
29 glucose 31 fbg
30 ( 31 fbg
31 fbg 32 )
33 , 34 diabetes
33 , 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 ir
36 and 38 to
36 and 40 structure
38 to 39 lv
40 structure 41 and
41 and 42 function
41 and 44 adjusting
43 , 44 adjusting
44 adjusting 45 for
44 adjusting 51 ,
45 for 46 age
46 age 50 pressure
47 , 50 pressure
48 systolic 49 blood
49 blood 50 pressure
50 pressure 51 ,
51 , 55 and
52 antihypertensive 53 medications
53 medications 55 and
54 , 55 and
55 and 56 bmi

among those with normal fbg and no diabetes , concentric remodeling and low ejection fraction in women and [lv] mass index and posterior wall thickness in men were related to ir . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 among 6 and
1 among 9 ,
1 among 22 and
2 those 3 with
2 those 6 and
3 with 5 fbg
4 normal 5 fbg
6 and 8 diabetes
7 no 8 diabetes
10 concentric 11 remodeling
11 remodeling 12 and
12 and 15 fraction
12 and 16 in
12 and 18 and
13 low 14 ejection
14 ejection 15 fraction
16 in 17 women
18 and 21 index
18 and 22 and
20 mass 21 index
22 and 25 thickness
22 and 26 in
22 and 28 were
23 posterior 24 wall
24 wall 25 thickness
26 in 27 men
28 were 29 related
29 related 30 to
30 to 31 ir

conclusions : in the largest study of its kind in a community - based cohort [of] african americans , we found a relation of fbg [category] and ir to lv structure and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 study
4 the 5 largest
4 the 6 study
6 study 7 of
6 study 18 americans
7 of 9 kind
8 its 9 kind
9 kind 10 in
10 in 12 community
11 a 12 community
13 - 18 americans
14 based 15 cohort
15 cohort 17 african
17 african 18 americans
18 americans 19 ,
19 , 20 we
19 , 21 found
20 we 21 found
21 found 23 relation
21 found 29 to
21 found 32 and
22 a 23 relation
23 relation 24 of
24 of 28 ir
25 fbg 27 and
27 and 28 ir
29 to 30 lv
31 structure 32 and
32 and 33 function

none the data collected by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring have been studied in the phase - space of r - r interval [and] blood pressure and their individual distribution quantified by the slope of the regression line through 24 - h values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 none 3 data
1 none 9 monitoring
1 none 10 have
2 the 3 data
3 data 4 collected
4 collected 5 by
4 collected 8 pressure
5 by 7 blood
6 ambulatory 7 blood
8 pressure 9 monitoring
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 studied
12 studied 13 in
13 in 15 phase
14 the 15 phase
16 - 26 and
16 - 43 .
17 space 18 of
17 space 26 and
18 of 25 pressure
19 r 20 -
20 - 21 r
20 - 22 interval
22 interval 25 pressure
24 blood 25 pressure
26 and 29 distribution
26 and 30 quantified
27 their 29 distribution
28 individual 29 distribution
30 quantified 31 by
31 by 33 slope
32 the 33 slope
33 slope 34 of
33 slope 38 through
34 of 37 line
35 the 37 line
36 regression 37 line
38 through 42 values
39 24 40 -
40 - 41 h
40 - 42 values

this slope has been termed " ambulatory autonomic reciprocity [index] ["] and abbreviated as aaris and aarid , [the] ["] [s] ["] and " [d] ["] indicating the relation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 slope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 this 2 slope
2 slope 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 12 and
5 termed 6 "
5 termed 9 reciprocity
5 termed 12 and
7 ambulatory 9 reciprocity
8 autonomic 9 reciprocity
12 and 13 abbreviated
12 and 14 as
12 and 29 relation
12 and 30 with
12 and 36 respectively
14 as 23 and
15 aaris 16 and
16 and 17 aarid
17 aarid 23 and
18 , 23 and
23 and 24 "
23 and 27 indicating
28 the 29 relation
30 with 35 pressure
31 systolic 32 and
32 and 33 diastolic
32 and 35 pressure
34 blood 35 pressure

ambulatory monitoring was performed in 200 [normotensive] ( nt : 135 females [ )(and 200 untreated hypertensive patients ( ht [:] 59 females ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 monitoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
1 ambulatory 2 monitoring
2 monitoring 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 in
5 in 6 200
6 200 9 nt
8 ( 9 nt
9 nt 10 :
10 : 14 )(and
10 : 25 .
11 135 12 females
12 females 14 )(and
14 )(and 18 patients
14 )(and 23 females
15 200 18 patients
16 untreated 18 patients
17 hypertensive 18 patients
19 ( 23 females
20 ht 22 59
20 ht 23 females
23 females 24 )

the aaris was : nt : - 6.04±2.7 and ht : - 4.69±2.4 [ms] / [mmhg] , respectively [(] p<0.001 ) ; the aarid was : - 7.04±2.9 for nt and - 5.79±2.8 for ht subjects ( p<0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aaris
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 the 2 aaris
2 aaris 3 was
4 : 5 nt
4 : 6 :
4 : 11 :
6 : 7 -
7 - 9 and
8 6.04±2.7 9 and
9 and 10 ht
9 and 11 :
11 : 12 -
11 : 13 4.69±2.4
11 : 22 ;
12 - 13 4.69±2.4
13 4.69±2.4 15 /
15 / 20 p<0.001
17 , 20 p<0.001
18 respectively 20 p<0.001
20 p<0.001 21 )
22 ; 24 aarid
22 ; 25 was
22 ; 26 :
23 the 24 aarid
24 aarid 25 was
26 : 27 -
26 : 28 7.04±2.9
26 : 31 and
26 : 33 5.79±2.8
27 - 28 7.04±2.9
28 7.04±2.9 29 for
29 for 30 nt
31 and 32 -
32 - 33 5.79±2.8
33 5.79±2.8 34 for
34 for 36 subjects
35 ht 36 subjects
36 subjects 38 p<0.001
37 ( 38 p<0.001
38 p<0.001 40 )(

when distributed by decades of life the steepest aaris occurred at the 20 - 29 decade , [while] the flattest at the 60 - 69 decade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aaris
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 occurred
1 when 2 distributed
1 when 9 aaris
2 distributed 3 by
3 by 4 decades
4 decades 5 of
5 of 6 life
7 the 8 steepest
7 the 9 aaris
9 aaris 10 occurred
10 occurred 11 at
11 at 16 decade
12 the 16 decade
13 20 14 -
14 - 15 29
14 - 16 decade
16 decade 20 flattest
17 , 20 flattest
19 the 20 flattest
20 flattest 21 at
20 flattest 27 .
21 at 26 decade
22 the 26 decade
23 60 24 -
24 - 25 69
24 - 26 decade

at the 60 - 69 decade and above , the aaris was similar in both groups ( anova o.w . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 aaris
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
1 at 6 decade
1 at 7 and
2 the 6 decade
3 60 4 -
4 - 5 69
4 - 6 decade
7 and 8 above
7 and 9 ,
7 and 11 aaris
10 the 11 aaris
11 aaris 12 was
12 was 13 similar
13 similar 14 in
14 in 16 groups
15 both 16 groups
16 groups 19 o.w
17 ( 19 o.w
18 anova 19 o.w
19 o.w 20 .

nt : p<0.001 ; ht : p<0.01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 )(
1 nt 2 :
2 : 3 p<0.001
4 ; 5 ht
4 ; 6 :
5 ht 6 :
6 : 7 p<0.01

aaris and aarid were strongly correlated with 24 - h variability of r - r [interval] , either 24 - h standard deviation or coefficient of variation ( p<0.001 ) , and poorly correlated with 24 - h variability of blood pressure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 aaris 2 and
2 and 3 aarid
2 and 32 and
4 were 6 correlated
4 were 32 and
5 strongly 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 with
7 with 11 variability
8 24 9 -
9 - 10 h
9 - 11 variability
11 variability 12 of
11 variability 15 r
11 variability 24 or
12 of 13 r
14 - 15 r
15 r 17 ,
17 , 24 or
18 either 24 or
19 24 20 -
20 - 21 h
20 - 23 deviation
22 standard 23 deviation
23 deviation 24 or
24 or 25 coefficient
24 or 26 of
24 or 31 ,
26 of 27 variation
27 variation 29 p<0.001
28 ( 29 p<0.001
29 p<0.001 30 )
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 correlated
32 and 35 with
32 and 42 pressure
33 poorly 34 correlated
35 with 39 variability
36 24 37 -
37 - 38 h
37 - 39 variability
39 variability 40 of
40 of 41 blood

these data suggest that the aari , when seen in the context of the " autonomic space " , may be viewed as a 24 - h period index [of] centrally driven cardiovagal function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 aari
4 that 22 viewed
5 the 6 aari
6 aari 20 may
7 , 8 when
8 when 9 seen
8 when 19 ,
8 when 20 may
9 seen 10 in
10 in 12 context
11 the 12 context
12 context 13 of
13 of 17 space
14 the 15 "
14 the 17 space
16 autonomic 17 space
17 space 18 "
20 may 21 be
21 be 22 viewed
22 viewed 23 as
23 as 34 function
24 a 34 function
25 24 26 -
26 - 27 h
26 - 34 function
28 period 34 function
29 index 34 function
31 centrally 32 driven
32 driven 34 function
33 cardiovagal 34 function

being based on both blood pressure and heart rate measurements , the aari may become clinically useful to address life style changes and pharmacological treatment of hypertensive patients towards optimal results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 aari
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 being 2 based
1 being 11 ,
1 being 13 aari
2 based 3 on
3 on 7 and
4 both 7 and
5 blood 6 pressure
6 pressure 7 and
7 and 10 measurements
8 heart 10 measurements
9 rate 10 measurements
12 the 13 aari
13 aari 14 may
14 may 15 become
15 become 16 clinically
15 become 25 treatment
15 become 29 towards
17 useful 18 to
17 useful 19 address
17 useful 23 and
18 to 19 address
19 address 22 changes
20 life 22 changes
21 style 22 changes
23 and 24 pharmacological
23 and 25 treatment
25 treatment 26 of
26 of 28 patients
27 hypertensive 28 patients
29 towards 31 results
30 optimal 31 results

the life expectancy for persons living with hiv infection is markedly increasing , largely because of the advances made with antiretroviral therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expectancy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
1 the 3 expectancy
2 life 3 expectancy
3 expectancy 4 for
3 expectancy 10 is
4 for 5 persons
5 persons 6 living
6 living 7 with
7 with 9 infection
8 hiv 9 infection
10 is 12 increasing
11 markedly 12 increasing
12 increasing 15 because
13 , 14 largely
13 , 15 because
15 because 16 of
15 because 23 .
16 of 18 advances
17 the 18 advances
18 advances 19 made
19 made 20 with
20 with 22 therapy
21 antiretroviral 22 therapy

in comparison with other older individuals , those infected with hiv tend to have higher rates of liver - related conditions , diabetes , and dyslipidemia , as well as substance use and psychiatric disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 related
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 those
2 comparison 3 with
3 with 6 individuals
4 other 6 individuals
5 older 6 individuals
8 those 9 infected
8 those 12 tend
9 infected 10 with
10 with 11 hiv
12 tend 13 to
12 tend 14 have
13 to 14 have
14 have 16 rates
15 higher 16 rates
16 rates 17 of
17 of 18 liver
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 conditions
20 related 30 as
20 related 36 .
21 conditions 25 and
22 , 25 and
23 diabetes 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 dyslipidemia
25 and 27 ,
28 as 29 well
29 well 30 as
30 as 33 and
31 substance 32 use
32 use 33 and
33 and 35 disorders
34 psychiatric 35 disorders

although these multimorbidities contribute to the symptom burden , older persons with hiv tend not to disclose symptoms to their health care providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 persons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 although 3 multimorbidities
1 although 4 contribute
1 although 9 ,
1 although 11 persons
2 these 3 multimorbidities
3 multimorbidities 4 contribute
4 contribute 5 to
5 to 8 burden
6 the 8 burden
7 symptom 8 burden
10 older 11 persons
11 persons 12 with
11 persons 14 tend
12 with 13 hiv
14 tend 16 to
15 not 16 to
16 to 17 disclose
17 disclose 18 symptoms
17 disclose 19 to
19 to 23 providers
20 their 23 providers
21 health 22 care
22 care 23 providers

culture , religion , age , and race can profoundly affect the way in which symptoms are perceived , and reasons for nondisclosure include attributing symptoms to the " normal " aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 culture 3 religion
1 culture 7 and
2 , 3 religion
3 religion 5 age
3 religion 6 ,
4 , 5 age
5 age 6 ,
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 race
7 and 20 and
7 and 24 include
9 can 11 affect
9 can 20 and
10 profoundly 11 affect
11 affect 13 way
12 the 13 way
13 way 14 in
14 in 15 which
14 in 16 symptoms
14 in 18 perceived
16 symptoms 17 are
17 are 18 perceived
18 perceived 19 ,
20 and 21 reasons
21 reasons 22 for
22 for 23 nondisclosure
24 include 26 symptoms
24 include 27 to
25 attributing 26 symptoms
27 to 33 process
28 the 29 "
28 the 33 process
30 normal 31 "
30 normal 33 process
32 aging 33 process

the purpose of this article is to highlight the unique situation of older patients with hiv regarding symptom disclosure and the need for an integrated treatment plan that includes an environment that promotes patient - provider communication , better day - to - day self - care , and self - management strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 highlight
7 to 8 highlight
8 highlight 20 and
9 the 11 situation
10 unique 11 situation
11 situation 12 of
11 situation 20 and
12 of 14 patients
13 older 14 patients
14 patients 15 with
14 patients 17 regarding
15 with 16 hiv
17 regarding 19 disclosure
18 symptom 19 disclosure
20 and 22 need
21 the 22 need
22 need 23 for
23 for 27 plan
24 an 27 plan
25 integrated 26 treatment
26 treatment 27 plan
27 plan 28 that
27 plan 29 includes
28 that 29 includes
29 includes 31 environment
30 an 31 environment
31 environment 32 that
31 environment 42 to
32 that 33 promotes
33 promotes 37 communication
33 promotes 42 to
34 patient 35 -
34 patient 36 provider
36 provider 37 communication
37 communication 40 day
38 , 40 day
39 better 40 day
40 day 41 -
43 - 45 self
43 - 46 -
44 day 45 self
46 - 49 and
46 - 51 -
47 care 49 and
48 , 49 and
49 and 50 self
51 - 53 strategies
52 management 53 strategies

the global prevalence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions , and 400 million people are now considered to be obese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 grown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 prevalence
2 global 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 of
3 prevalence 6 has
4 of 5 obesity
6 has 7 grown
7 grown 8 to
8 to 10 proportions
9 epidemic 10 proportions
11 , 12 and
12 and 15 people
12 and 18 considered
13 400 14 million
14 million 15 people
15 people 16 are
16 are 18 considered
17 now 18 considered
18 considered 19 to
18 considered 20 be
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 obese

excessive accumulation of dietary lipids ( obesity ) is a known risk factor for the development of deleterious metabolic conditions and has been strongly linked to the progression of heart disease and type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 excessive 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 21 and
3 of 5 lipids
4 dietary 5 lipids
5 lipids 7 obesity
6 ( 7 obesity
7 obesity 8 )
9 is 13 factor
9 is 14 for
9 is 21 and
10 a 13 factor
11 known 13 factor
12 risk 13 factor
14 for 16 development
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
17 of 20 conditions
18 deleterious 20 conditions
19 metabolic 20 conditions
21 and 22 has
21 and 26 to
21 and 35 diabetes
22 has 23 been
23 been 24 strongly
23 been 25 linked
26 to 28 progression
27 the 28 progression
28 progression 29 of
29 of 32 and
30 heart 31 disease
31 disease 32 and
32 and 33 type
33 type 34 2

investigating the origin and effects of high - fat [diet] ( hfd ) - induced obesity and its genetic mediators is an important step in understanding the mechanisms that contribute to obesity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 investigating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 investigating 4 and
1 investigating 21 is
2 the 3 origin
3 origin 4 and
4 and 5 effects
4 and 6 of
6 of 17 and
7 high 9 fat
7 high 14 -
7 high 16 obesity
8 - 9 fat
9 fat 12 hfd
9 fat 14 -
11 ( 12 hfd
12 hfd 13 )
15 induced 16 obesity
16 obesity 17 and
17 and 20 mediators
18 its 20 mediators
19 genetic 20 mediators
21 is 24 step
22 an 23 important
22 an 24 step
23 important 24 step
24 step 25 in
24 step 31 to
25 in 26 understanding
26 understanding 28 mechanisms
27 the 28 mechanisms
28 mechanisms 29 that
28 mechanisms 30 contribute
29 that 30 contribute
31 to 32 obesity

however , the mechanisms that underlie hfd pathophysiology have yet to be elucidated fully . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 mechanisms
3 the 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 that
4 mechanisms 6 underlie
4 mechanisms 9 have
5 that 6 underlie
6 underlie 8 pathophysiology
7 hfd 8 pathophysiology
9 have 10 yet
9 have 11 to
9 have 13 elucidated
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 elucidated
13 elucidated 14 fully

here we describe recent work in a drosophila model to investigate the origin and genetic mechanisms that could underlie hfd - induced obesity , type 2 diabetes and cardiac dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 describe
3 describe 5 work
3 describe 10 to
4 recent 5 work
5 work 6 in
6 in 9 model
7 a 9 model
8 drosophila 9 model
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 13 origin
12 the 13 origin
14 and 16 mechanisms
14 and 25 type
15 genetic 16 mechanisms
16 mechanisms 17 that
16 mechanisms 18 could
16 mechanisms 25 type
17 that 18 could
18 could 19 underlie
19 underlie 20 hfd
20 hfd 23 obesity
21 - 23 obesity
22 induced 23 obesity
23 obesity 24 ,
25 type 28 and
26 2 27 diabetes
27 diabetes 28 and
28 and 30 dysfunction
29 cardiac 30 dysfunction

sarcopenia is a common and prominent geriatric syndrome , of major interest for daily clinical practice of professionals working with older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sarcopenia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 sarcopenia 2 is
2 is 8 syndrome
3 a 8 syndrome
4 common 5 and
5 and 6 prominent
5 and 8 syndrome
7 geriatric 8 syndrome
8 syndrome 10 of
9 , 10 of
10 of 12 interest
10 of 23 .
11 major 12 interest
12 interest 13 for
12 interest 17 of
13 for 16 practice
14 daily 16 practice
15 clinical 16 practice
17 of 18 professionals
18 professionals 19 working
19 working 20 with
20 with 22 people
21 older 22 people

the number of affected individuals and its relation with disability , frailty , many chronic diseases , lifestyle and adverse outcomes are extremely relevant for geriatric care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 6 and
3 of 5 individuals
4 affected 5 individuals
6 and 8 relation
6 and 9 with
6 and 22 are
7 its 8 relation
9 with 19 and
10 disability 11 ,
11 , 12 frailty
11 , 13 ,
13 , 16 diseases
13 , 17 ,
14 many 16 diseases
15 chronic 16 diseases
17 , 18 lifestyle
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 outcomes
20 adverse 21 outcomes
22 are 24 relevant
23 extremely 24 relevant
24 relevant 25 for
25 for 27 care
26 geriatric 27 care

moreover , biological changes that lead to the loss of muscle [mass] and strength are intrinsically related to the mechanisms of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 changes
3 biological 4 changes
4 changes 5 that
4 changes 6 lead
4 changes 15 are
5 that 6 lead
6 lead 7 to
7 to 9 loss
8 the 9 loss
9 loss 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 muscle 13 and
13 and 14 strength
15 are 16 intrinsically
15 are 17 related
17 related 18 to
18 to 20 mechanisms
19 the 20 mechanisms
20 mechanisms 21 of
21 of 22 aging

it is not therefore surprising that research in this field is growing exponentially in recent years , and sarcopenia has been placed in recent years in the forefront of research in geriatric medicine and gerontology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 therefore
2 is 5 surprising
5 surprising 7 research
5 surprising 11 is
6 that 7 research
7 research 8 in
7 research 11 is
8 in 10 field
9 this 10 field
11 is 12 growing
12 growing 13 exponentially
12 growing 14 in
14 in 16 years
15 recent 16 years
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 sarcopenia
18 and 22 placed
19 sarcopenia 20 has
20 has 21 been
21 been 22 placed
22 placed 23 in
22 placed 26 in
23 in 25 years
24 recent 25 years
26 in 28 forefront
27 the 28 forefront
28 forefront 29 of
29 of 34 and
30 research 31 in
30 research 34 and
31 in 33 medicine
32 geriatric 33 medicine
34 and 35 gerontology

the spanish society of geriatrics and gerontology has recently created an observatory of sarcopenia , which aims to promote educational and research activities in this field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 spanish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 spanish
2 spanish 3 society
2 spanish 8 has
2 spanish 10 created
3 society 4 of
3 society 8 has
4 of 6 and
5 geriatrics 6 and
6 and 7 gerontology
9 recently 10 created
10 created 12 observatory
11 an 12 observatory
12 observatory 13 of
13 of 14 sarcopenia
15 , 16 which
15 , 17 aims
16 which 17 aims
17 aims 18 to
17 aims 19 promote
18 to 19 promote
19 promote 21 and
20 educational 21 and
21 and 23 activities
22 research 23 activities
23 activities 24 in
24 in 26 field
25 this 26 field

the first activity of the observatory has been to offer the spanish speaking scientific community a review of the current status of sarcopenia , that may allow unifying concepts and fostering interest in this promising field of geriatrics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 first
1 the 3 activity
3 activity 4 of
3 activity 7 has
4 of 6 observatory
5 the 6 observatory
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 to
8 been 10 offer
9 to 10 offer
10 offer 15 community
10 offer 17 review
10 offer 30 and
11 the 15 community
12 spanish 15 community
13 speaking 15 community
14 scientific 15 community
16 a 17 review
17 review 18 of
17 review 22 of
18 of 21 status
19 the 21 status
20 current 21 status
22 of 23 sarcopenia
23 sarcopenia 25 that
23 sarcopenia 26 may
24 , 25 that
25 that 26 may
26 may 27 allow
27 allow 29 concepts
28 unifying 29 concepts
30 and 32 interest
31 fostering 32 interest
32 interest 33 in
32 interest 37 of
33 in 36 field
34 this 36 field
35 promising 36 field
37 of 38 geriatrics

multivesicular bodies ( mvbs ) are intracellular endosomal organelles characterized by multiple internal vesicles that are enclosed within a single outer membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 bodies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 multivesicular 2 bodies
2 bodies 4 mvbs
2 bodies 6 are
3 ( 4 mvbs
4 mvbs 5 )
6 are 9 organelles
7 intracellular 9 organelles
8 endosomal 9 organelles
9 organelles 10 characterized
10 characterized 11 by
11 by 14 vesicles
12 multiple 14 vesicles
13 internal 14 vesicles
14 vesicles 15 that
14 vesicles 16 are
15 that 16 are
16 are 17 enclosed
17 enclosed 18 within
18 within 22 membrane
19 a 20 single
19 a 22 membrane
20 single 22 membrane
21 outer 22 membrane

mvbs were initially regarded as purely prelysosomal structures along the degradative endosomal pathway of internalized proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mvbs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 regarded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mvbs 2 were
2 were 4 regarded
3 initially 4 regarded
4 regarded 5 as
4 regarded 9 along
5 as 8 structures
6 purely 7 prelysosomal
7 prelysosomal 8 structures
9 along 13 pathway
10 the 13 pathway
11 degradative 13 pathway
12 endosomal 13 pathway
13 pathway 14 of
14 of 16 proteins
15 internalized 16 proteins

mvbs are now known to be involved in numerous endocytic and trafficking functions , including protein sorting , recycling , transport , storage , and release . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mvbs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
1 mvbs 2 are
2 are 4 known
3 now 4 known
4 known 5 to
4 known 7 involved
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 13 functions
9 numerous 13 functions
10 endocytic 11 and
11 and 12 trafficking
11 and 13 functions
13 functions 15 including
13 functions 25 and
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 sorting
15 including 18 ,
16 protein 17 sorting
18 , 25 and
19 recycling 20 ,
20 , 21 transport
20 , 22 ,
22 , 23 storage
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 release
25 and 27 .

this review of neuronal mvbs summarizes their research history , morphology , distribution , accumulation of cargo and constitutive proteins , transport , and theories of functions of mvbs in neurons and glia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 of
2 review 6 summarizes
3 of 5 mvbs
4 neuronal 5 mvbs
6 summarizes 9 history
7 their 9 history
8 research 9 history
9 history 11 morphology
9 history 13 distribution
10 , 11 morphology
11 morphology 12 ,
12 , 13 distribution
13 distribution 14 ,
14 , 24 and
15 accumulation 16 of
15 accumulation 24 and
16 of 18 and
17 cargo 18 and
18 and 20 proteins
18 and 22 transport
19 constitutive 20 proteins
21 , 22 transport
22 transport 23 ,
24 and 25 theories
24 and 26 of
26 of 27 functions
27 functions 28 of
28 of 29 mvbs
29 mvbs 30 in
30 in 32 and
31 neurons 32 and
32 and 33 glia

due to their complex morphologies , neurons have expanded trafficking and signaling needs , beyond those of " geometrically simpler " cells , but it is not known whether neuronal mvbs perform additional transport and signaling functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 due
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 morphologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 due 2 to
1 due 5 morphologies
2 to 4 complex
3 their 4 complex
6 , 7 neurons
6 , 9 expanded
6 , 11 and
7 neurons 8 have
8 have 9 expanded
9 expanded 10 trafficking
11 and 12 signaling
11 and 28 known
12 signaling 13 needs
12 signaling 24 but
12 signaling 26 is
13 needs 15 beyond
14 , 15 beyond
15 beyond 16 those
15 beyond 23 ,
16 those 17 of
17 of 18 "
17 of 22 cells
19 geometrically 20 simpler
20 simpler 21 "
20 simpler 22 cells
24 but 25 it
26 is 27 not
26 is 28 known
28 known 29 whether
29 whether 35 and
29 whether 37 functions
30 neuronal 31 mvbs
31 mvbs 32 perform
31 mvbs 35 and
32 perform 34 transport
33 additional 34 transport
35 and 36 signaling
36 signaling 37 functions

this review examines the concept of compartment [-] specific mvb functions in endosomal protein trafficking and signaling within synapses , axons , dendrites and cell bodies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 5 concept
3 examines 11 functions
4 the 5 concept
5 concept 6 of
5 concept 11 functions
6 of 10 mvb
7 compartment 10 mvb
9 specific 10 mvb
11 functions 12 in
12 in 24 and
13 endosomal 14 protein
14 protein 15 trafficking
15 trafficking 16 and
16 and 17 signaling
16 and 18 within
16 and 22 ,
18 within 20 ,
19 synapses 20 ,
20 , 21 axons
22 , 23 dendrites
22 , 24 and
24 and 26 bodies
25 cell 26 bodies

we critically evaluate reports of the accumulation of neuronal mvbs based on evidence of stress - induced mvb formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 3 evaluate
2 critically 3 evaluate
3 evaluate 4 reports
4 reports 5 of
5 of 7 accumulation
6 the 7 accumulation
7 accumulation 8 of
8 of 10 mvbs
9 neuronal 10 mvbs
10 mvbs 11 based
11 based 12 on
12 on 13 evidence
13 evidence 14 of
14 of 15 stress
16 - 19 formation
17 induced 19 formation
18 mvb 19 formation

furthermore , we discuss potential functions of neuronal and glial mvbs in development , in dystrophic neuritic syndromes , injury , disease , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 6 functions
4 discuss 12 in
4 discuss 15 in
5 potential 6 functions
6 functions 7 of
7 of 11 mvbs
8 neuronal 9 and
9 and 10 glial
9 and 11 mvbs
12 in 13 development
14 , 15 in
15 in 18 syndromes
15 in 19 ,
16 dystrophic 18 syndromes
17 neuritic 18 syndromes
19 , 24 and
20 injury 21 ,
21 , 22 disease
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 aging

mvbs may play a role in alzheimer 's , huntington 's , and niemann - pick diseases , some types of frontotemporal dementia , prion and virus trafficking , as well as in adaptive responses of neurons to trauma and toxin or drug exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mvbs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 mvbs 13 and
2 may 3 play
2 may 13 and
3 play 5 role
4 a 5 role
5 role 6 in
5 role 11 's
6 in 8 's
7 alzheimer 8 's
9 , 11 's
10 huntington 11 's
11 's 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 pick
14 niemann 15 -
14 niemann 16 pick
16 pick 17 diseases
16 pick 30 as
16 pick 32 as
17 diseases 21 of
17 diseases 26 and
18 , 21 of
19 some 21 of
20 types 21 of
21 of 23 dementia
21 of 24 ,
22 frontotemporal 23 dementia
24 , 26 and
25 prion 26 and
26 and 28 trafficking
26 and 29 ,
27 virus 28 trafficking
30 as 31 well
32 as 33 in
33 in 44 exposure
34 adaptive 35 responses
35 responses 36 of
35 responses 40 and
36 of 37 neurons
37 neurons 38 to
38 to 39 trauma
40 and 41 toxin
40 and 42 or
42 or 43 drug
42 or 44 exposure

functions of mvbs in neurons have been much neglected , and major gaps in knowledge currently exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 functions 2 of
1 functions 6 have
2 of 3 mvbs
3 mvbs 4 in
4 in 5 neurons
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 much
8 much 9 neglected
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 gaps
11 and 17 exist
12 major 13 gaps
13 gaps 14 in
13 gaps 17 exist
14 in 15 knowledge
16 currently 17 exist

developing [truly] mvb - specific markers would help to elucidate the roles of neuronal mvbs [in] [intra] - and intercellular signaling of normal and diseased neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 developing 3 mvb
1 developing 4 -
1 developing 6 markers
5 specific 6 markers
6 markers 7 would
7 would 8 help
8 help 9 to
9 to 10 elucidate
10 elucidate 19 and
11 the 12 roles
12 roles 13 of
12 roles 19 and
13 of 15 mvbs
14 neuronal 15 mvbs
18 - 19 and
19 and 21 signaling
20 intercellular 21 signaling
21 signaling 22 of
22 of 26 neurons
23 normal 24 and
24 and 25 diseased
24 and 26 neurons

age - dependent loss of oxidative defense is well recognized in rodent models , although the control mechanism is still obscure ; a few studies have shown how micrornas , a [non] - coding rna species , regulate the expression of their target genes at the post - transcriptional level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 loss
3 dependent 4 loss
4 loss 5 of
4 loss 8 is
5 of 7 defense
6 oxidative 7 defense
8 is 9 well
8 is 10 recognized
10 recognized 11 in
10 recognized 15 although
11 in 13 models
12 rodent 13 models
14 , 15 although
15 although 18 mechanism
15 although 19 is
15 although 22 ;
16 the 18 mechanism
17 control 18 mechanism
18 mechanism 19 is
19 is 20 still
19 is 21 obscure
20 still 21 obscure
22 ; 25 studies
22 ; 27 shown
23 a 24 few
24 few 25 studies
25 studies 26 have
26 have 27 shown
27 shown 28 how
28 how 29 micrornas
28 how 38 regulate
29 micrornas 33 -
29 micrornas 38 regulate
30 , 33 -
31 a 33 -
33 - 36 species
33 - 37 ,
34 coding 36 species
35 rna 36 species
38 regulate 40 expression
39 the 40 expression
40 expression 41 of
40 expression 50 level
41 of 44 genes
42 their 44 genes
43 target 44 genes
44 genes 45 at
45 at 47 post
46 the 47 post
48 - 50 level
49 transcriptional 50 level
50 level 51 .

in the current study , mir - 34a and mir - 93 are observed to increase in middle - and old - age rat liver , compared to young rats ; the up - regulation of these two mirnas is determined by qpcr through a grind - and [-] find approach , and histochemical in situ hybridization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 rat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 in 3 current
1 in 20 and
2 the 3 current
4 study 5 ,
5 , 18 middle
5 , 20 and
6 mir 7 -
6 mir 18 middle
8 34a 9 and
9 and 10 mir
9 and 11 -
9 and 12 93
9 and 17 in
9 and 18 middle
12 93 13 are
13 are 14 observed
14 observed 15 to
15 to 16 increase
16 increase 17 in
19 - 20 and
20 and 23 age
20 and 24 rat
21 old 22 -
21 old 23 age
24 rat 25 liver
24 rat 27 compared
26 , 27 compared
27 compared 28 to
27 compared 31 ;
28 to 30 rats
29 young 30 rats
31 ; 35 regulation
32 the 35 regulation
33 up 34 -
33 up 35 regulation
35 regulation 36 of
35 regulation 40 is
36 of 39 mirnas
37 these 38 two
38 two 39 mirnas
40 is 41 determined
41 determined 42 by
42 by 57 hybridization
43 qpcr 44 through
43 qpcr 53 and
44 through 48 and
45 a 46 grind
46 grind 48 and
47 - 48 and
48 and 51 approach
50 find 51 approach
52 , 53 and
53 and 54 histochemical
53 and 57 hybridization
54 histochemical 56 situ
55 in 56 situ

three commonly used mirna target prediction programs suggest four candidate targets of mir - 34a and mir - 93 : sp1 , nrf2 ( nfe2l2 ) , sirt1 and mgst1 ; their expression is found to be reduced inversely to the up - regulation of the two mirnas by western blotting of protein extracts , as well as immunofluorescence staining of intact liver tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 programs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 three 7 programs
2 commonly 3 used
3 used 7 programs
4 mirna 7 programs
5 target 7 programs
6 prediction 7 programs
7 programs 8 suggest
8 suggest 11 targets
9 four 11 targets
10 candidate 11 targets
11 targets 12 of
12 of 16 and
13 mir 14 -
13 mir 15 34a
15 34a 16 and
16 and 17 mir
18 - 19 93
18 - 20 :
18 - 31 ;
20 : 29 and
21 sp1 22 ,
22 , 23 nrf2
22 , 27 ,
23 nrf2 25 nfe2l2
24 ( 25 nfe2l2
25 nfe2l2 26 )
27 , 28 sirt1
27 , 29 and
29 and 30 mgst1
31 ; 33 expression
32 their 33 expression
33 expression 34 is
34 is 35 found
35 found 36 to
35 found 39 inversely
35 found 40 to
35 found 64 tissues
36 to 37 be
37 be 38 reduced
40 to 44 regulation
41 the 44 regulation
42 up 43 -
42 up 44 regulation
44 regulation 45 of
45 of 48 mirnas
46 the 47 two
47 two 48 mirnas
48 mirnas 49 by
48 mirnas 61 of
49 by 51 blotting
50 western 51 blotting
51 blotting 52 of
51 blotting 60 staining
52 of 54 extracts
53 protein 54 extracts
55 , 56 as
56 as 57 well
56 as 60 staining
57 well 58 as
57 well 60 staining
58 as 59 immunofluorescence
61 of 63 liver
62 intact 63 liver

furthermore , the suppression of the four proteins by mir - 34a/mir - [93] is examined in hek 293 cells by transfection and co - transfection ; mir - 34a represses all four proteins ' expression , whereas mir - 93 affects only sp1 , sirt1 and mgst1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suppression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ;
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 suppression
3 the 4 suppression
4 suppression 5 of
4 suppression 12 34a/mir
4 suppression 15 is
5 of 8 proteins
6 the 7 four
7 four 8 proteins
8 proteins 9 by
9 by 10 mir
11 - 12 34a/mir
12 34a/mir 13 -
15 is 16 examined
16 examined 17 in
16 examined 21 by
17 in 20 cells
18 hek 20 cells
19 293 20 cells
21 by 23 and
22 transfection 23 and
23 and 26 transfection
24 co 25 -
24 co 26 transfection
27 ; 30 34a
27 ; 31 represses
27 ; 37 ,
28 mir 29 -
28 mir 30 34a
30 34a 31 represses
31 represses 36 expression
32 all 33 four
33 four 34 proteins
34 proteins 35 '
35 ' 36 expression
37 , 41 93
37 , 42 affects
38 whereas 39 mir
38 whereas 40 -
38 whereas 41 93
41 93 42 affects
42 affects 43 only
42 affects 44 sp1
44 sp1 47 and
45 , 47 and
46 sirt1 47 and
47 and 48 mgst1
47 and 49 .

taken together , our study suggests a model of post - transcriptional repression , not only of genes involved in oxidative stress regulation and oxidative stress defense proteins , such as sirt1 and mgst1 , but also of upstream transcription factors ( tfs ) regulating their activation , since sp1 is the tf for both sirt1 and mgst1 , and nrf2 is the tf of mgst1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 67 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 study
4 our 5 study
5 study 6 suggests
6 suggests 8 model
7 a 8 model
8 model 9 of
9 of 10 post
11 - 13 repression
11 - 15 not
11 - 36 but
12 transcriptional 13 repression
14 , 15 not
15 not 16 only
15 not 24 and
15 not 26 stress
17 of 18 genes
17 of 24 and
18 genes 19 involved
20 in 22 stress
20 in 24 and
21 oxidative 22 stress
23 regulation 24 and
24 and 25 oxidative
24 and 26 stress
26 stress 28 proteins
26 stress 31 as
27 defense 28 proteins
29 , 31 as
30 such 31 as
31 as 33 and
31 as 35 ,
32 sirt1 33 and
33 and 34 mgst1
33 and 35 ,
35 , 36 but
36 but 37 also
36 but 53 tf
36 but 62 is
38 of 41 factors
38 of 53 tf
39 upstream 40 transcription
40 transcription 41 factors
42 ( 43 tfs
43 tfs 44 )
43 tfs 53 tf
45 regulating 47 activation
45 regulating 48 ,
45 regulating 53 tf
46 their 47 activation
49 since 50 sp1
49 since 51 is
49 since 53 tf
50 sp1 51 is
52 the 53 tf
53 tf 54 for
53 tf 62 is
54 for 60 and
55 both 57 and
56 sirt1 57 and
57 and 58 mgst1
57 and 60 and
59 , 60 and
60 and 61 nrf2
62 is 64 tf
63 the 64 tf
64 tf 65 of
65 of 66 mgst1

with the current demographic shift being experienced by populations globally , almost linear increases in life expectancy have been seen and can be expected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 with 5 shift
1 with 6 being
2 the 5 shift
3 current 5 shift
4 demographic 5 shift
6 being 7 experienced
6 being 14 increases
7 experienced 8 by
7 experienced 10 globally
7 experienced 11 ,
7 experienced 13 linear
8 by 9 populations
12 almost 13 linear
14 increases 15 in
15 in 17 expectancy
16 life 17 expectancy
17 expectancy 21 and
17 expectancy 24 expected
18 have 19 been
18 have 21 and
19 been 20 seen
21 and 22 can
22 can 23 be

however , increases in healthy life expectancy may not keep pace . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 keep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 increases
3 increases 4 in
3 increases 8 may
4 in 7 expectancy
5 healthy 6 life
6 life 7 expectancy
8 may 9 not
8 may 10 keep
10 keep 11 pace

among older populations the proportion of time spent in less than full health tends to increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 tends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 among 3 populations
1 among 5 proportion
2 older 3 populations
4 the 5 proportion
5 proportion 6 of
5 proportion 14 tends
6 of 7 time
7 time 8 spent
8 spent 9 in
8 spent 11 than
9 in 10 less
11 than 13 health
12 full 13 health
14 tends 15 to
14 tends 16 increase
15 to 16 increase

as a result , the accurate valuation of life spent in states less than full health will become [increasingly] important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 valuation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 as 3 result
1 as 4 ,
1 as 7 valuation
2 a 3 result
5 the 7 valuation
6 accurate 7 valuation
7 valuation 8 of
7 valuation 17 will
8 of 9 life
9 life 10 spent
10 spent 11 in
10 spent 13 less
10 spent 14 than
11 in 12 states
14 than 16 health
15 full 16 health
17 will 18 become
18 become 20 important

different techniques and approaches have been used to measure health in populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 different 2 techniques
2 techniques 3 and
3 and 4 approaches
3 and 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 measure
8 to 9 measure
9 measure 10 health
9 measure 11 in
11 in 12 populations

the use of summary measures of population health such as dalys ( disability adjusted life years ) has become common , and is widely used to compare health between populations and to evaluate the potential impact of interventions in economic analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 6 of
2 use 22 and
3 of 5 measures
4 summary 5 measures
6 of 8 health
7 population 8 health
8 health 10 as
8 health 16 years
9 such 10 as
10 as 11 dalys
12 ( 16 years
13 disability 14 adjusted
14 adjusted 15 life
15 life 16 years
16 years 17 )
18 has 19 become
18 has 22 and
19 become 20 common
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 is
22 and 39 in
23 is 25 used
24 widely 25 used
25 used 26 to
25 used 31 and
26 to 31 and
27 compare 28 health
27 compare 29 between
27 compare 31 and
29 between 30 populations
31 and 32 to
31 and 33 evaluate
32 to 33 evaluate
33 evaluate 36 impact
34 the 36 impact
35 potential 36 impact
36 impact 37 of
37 of 38 interventions
39 in 41 analyses
40 economic 41 analyses

most of the commonly used summary measures of health express some measure of life lived in full health and life lived with disability or in a state of sub - optimal health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 sub
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 7 measures
2 of 7 measures
3 the 7 measures
4 commonly 5 used
5 used 7 measures
6 summary 7 measures
7 measures 8 of
7 measures 13 of
7 measures 29 sub
8 of 10 express
9 health 10 express
10 express 11 some
10 express 12 measure
11 some 12 measure
13 of 14 life
14 life 16 in
14 life 19 and
14 life 28 of
15 lived 16 in
17 full 18 health
18 health 19 and
19 and 20 life
19 and 21 lived
21 lived 24 or
22 with 23 disability
22 with 24 or
24 or 25 in
25 in 27 state
26 a 27 state
27 state 28 of
30 - 32 health
31 optimal 32 health

critical to the construction of summary health measures are values assigned to health states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 critical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 critical 2 to
1 critical 9 are
2 to 4 construction
3 the 4 construction
4 construction 5 of
5 of 8 measures
6 summary 7 health
7 health 8 measures
9 are 10 values
10 values 11 assigned
11 assigned 12 to
12 to 14 states
13 health 14 states

current tools used in determining these values include the standard gamble , time trade off , person trade [off] , and the visual analogue scale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 current 2 tools
2 tools 3 used
2 tools 16 ,
3 used 4 in
4 in 5 determining
5 determining 7 values
5 determining 12 ,
6 these 7 values
7 values 12 ,
8 include 11 gamble
8 include 12 ,
9 the 11 gamble
10 standard 11 gamble
12 , 13 time
12 , 15 off
13 time 14 trade
13 time 15 off
16 , 18 trade
16 , 21 and
17 person 18 trade
20 , 21 and
21 and 25 scale
22 the 25 scale
23 visual 24 analogue
24 analogue 25 scale

however , these techniques all have the disadvantage of incorporating individual biases ( derived from particular characteristics specific to individuals or populations ) into the process through which health state valuations are derived . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 techniques
3 these 4 techniques
4 techniques 6 have
5 all 6 have
6 have 8 disadvantage
7 the 8 disadvantage
8 disadvantage 9 of
9 of 10 incorporating
9 of 31 valuations
9 of 33 derived
10 incorporating 12 biases
10 incorporating 24 into
11 individual 12 biases
12 biases 14 derived
13 ( 14 derived
14 derived 15 from
14 derived 23 )
15 from 17 characteristics
16 particular 17 characteristics
17 characteristics 18 specific
18 specific 19 to
19 to 21 or
20 individuals 21 or
21 or 22 populations
24 into 26 process
25 the 26 process
26 process 27 through
27 through 28 which
29 health 31 valuations
30 state 31 valuations
31 valuations 32 are
32 are 33 derived

as a consequence health states are often not directly comparable between populations , since characteristics such as nationality and ethnicity can influence [how] health states are valued . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 states
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 as 3 consequence
1 as 5 states
2 a 3 consequence
4 health 5 states
5 states 6 are
6 are 7 often
6 are 8 not
6 are 9 directly
6 are 10 comparable
10 comparable 11 between
11 between 12 populations
13 , 25 states
13 , 27 valued
14 since 19 and
14 since 22 influence
14 since 25 states
15 characteristics 17 as
15 characteristics 19 and
16 such 17 as
17 as 18 nationality
19 and 20 ethnicity
19 and 21 can
21 can 22 influence
22 influence 24 health
25 states 26 are
26 are 27 valued

furthermore , health can be judged differently by those of different ages , with the young often assigning a lower value to life lived at less than full health compared to older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 judged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 health
3 health 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 judged
6 judged 7 differently
6 judged 8 by
8 by 9 those
9 those 10 of
10 of 12 ages
11 different 12 ages
13 , 18 assigning
13 , 24 lived
14 with 16 young
14 with 18 assigning
15 the 16 young
17 often 18 assigning
18 assigning 21 value
18 assigning 24 lived
19 a 21 value
20 lower 21 value
21 value 22 to
22 to 23 life
24 lived 25 at
24 lived 27 than
25 at 26 less
27 than 29 health
28 full 29 health
29 health 30 compared
30 compared 31 to
31 to 33 people
32 older 33 people

the challenge of obtaining opinions which are not influenced by an individual 's own circumstances is not new . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 of
2 challenge 16 is
3 of 4 obtaining
4 obtaining 5 opinions
5 opinions 6 which
5 opinions 7 are
6 which 7 are
7 are 8 not
7 are 9 influenced
9 influenced 10 by
10 by 15 circumstances
11 an 12 individual
12 individual 13 's
13 's 14 own
13 's 15 circumstances
16 is 17 not
16 is 18 new
17 not 18 new

this issue was encountered and described by the american philosopher john rawls in ['] a theory of justice ' ( 1971 ) , in which he employed a thought experiment called ['] the veil of ignorance ['] as a means of overcoming this problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 issue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
1 this 2 issue
2 issue 3 was
3 was 5 and
4 encountered 5 and
5 and 6 described
5 and 7 by
5 and 13 in
5 and 16 theory
7 by 12 rawls
8 the 10 philosopher
9 american 10 philosopher
10 philosopher 12 rawls
11 john 12 rawls
13 in 15 a
16 theory 17 of
16 theory 21 1971
16 theory 24 in
17 of 19 '
18 justice 19 '
20 ( 21 1971
21 1971 22 )
23 , 24 in
24 in 25 which
24 in 26 he
24 in 27 employed
24 in 45 .
26 he 27 employed
27 employed 30 experiment
27 employed 38 as
28 a 30 experiment
29 thought 30 experiment
30 experiment 31 called
31 called 34 veil
33 the 34 veil
34 veil 35 of
35 of 36 ignorance
38 as 40 means
39 a 40 means
40 means 41 of
41 of 42 overcoming
42 overcoming 44 problem
43 this 44 problem

in this thought experiment an individual is asked to make decisions about distributive justice by imagining they are behind a ['] veil of ignorance ['] , whereby they are unaware of their own position in society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 individual
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 asked
1 in 4 experiment
1 in 6 individual
2 this 4 experiment
3 thought 4 experiment
5 an 6 individual
6 individual 7 is
7 is 8 asked
8 asked 9 to
8 asked 10 make
9 to 10 make
10 make 11 decisions
10 make 15 by
11 decisions 12 about
12 about 14 justice
13 distributive 14 justice
15 by 16 imagining
16 imagining 17 they
16 imagining 18 are
17 they 18 are
18 are 19 behind
18 are 27 whereby
19 behind 22 veil
20 a 22 veil
22 veil 23 of
23 of 24 ignorance
26 , 27 whereby
27 whereby 28 they
27 whereby 29 are
27 whereby 37 .
28 they 29 are
29 are 30 unaware
30 unaware 31 of
30 unaware 35 in
31 of 34 position
32 their 33 own
32 their 34 position
35 in 36 society

here we discuss how current methods for deriving health state values may incorporate a veil of ignorance [approach] , and how this may benefit the comparability of the health state valuations produced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 discuss
3 discuss 4 how
4 how 6 methods
4 how 24 benefit
5 current 6 methods
6 methods 7 for
6 methods 10 state
7 for 9 health
8 deriving 9 health
10 state 11 values
10 state 13 incorporate
11 values 12 may
12 may 13 incorporate
13 incorporate 20 and
14 a 15 veil
15 veil 16 of
15 veil 20 and
16 of 17 ignorance
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 how
22 this 23 may
23 may 24 benefit
24 benefit 26 comparability
25 the 26 comparability
26 comparability 27 of
26 comparability 31 valuations
26 comparability 32 produced
27 of 29 health
28 the 29 health
30 state 31 valuations
31 valuations 32 produced

we also propose [how] such methods may be operationalized . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 3 propose
2 also 3 propose
3 propose 6 methods
3 propose 9 operationalized
5 such 6 methods
6 methods 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 9 operationalized

considering these issues , we propose that a new society with new needs and a progressively growing interest in maintaining adequate health requires appropriate measures of health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 considering 3 issues
1 considering 4 ,
1 considering 5 we
2 these 3 issues
5 we 6 propose
6 propose 14 and
6 propose 19 in
7 that 14 and
8 a 9 new
8 a 10 society
9 new 10 society
10 society 11 with
10 society 14 and
11 with 13 needs
12 new 13 needs
14 and 18 interest
15 a 18 interest
16 progressively 17 growing
17 growing 18 interest
19 in 20 maintaining
20 maintaining 22 health
20 maintaining 23 requires
21 adequate 22 health
22 health 23 requires
23 requires 25 measures
24 appropriate 25 measures
25 measures 26 of
26 of 27 health

these measures should facilitate derivation of objective measures of health that are comparable to those acquired in other populations , irrespective of age , gender , disease status , ethnicity and geographical location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 2 measures
2 measures 3 should
3 should 4 facilitate
4 facilitate 5 derivation
5 derivation 6 of
6 of 8 measures
7 objective 8 measures
8 measures 9 of
8 measures 11 that
8 measures 12 are
9 of 10 health
11 that 12 are
12 are 13 comparable
13 comparable 14 to
14 to 15 those
15 those 16 acquired
15 those 22 of
16 acquired 17 in
16 acquired 20 ,
16 acquired 21 irrespective
17 in 19 populations
18 other 19 populations
22 of 31 and
23 age 24 ,
24 , 25 gender
24 , 26 ,
26 , 28 status
26 , 29 ,
27 disease 28 status
29 , 30 ethnicity
29 , 31 and
31 and 33 location
32 geographical 33 location

promoting and improving health demands adequate measures of health and the application of the rawlsian veil of ignorance approach could be an effective alternative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 demands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 promoting 2 and
2 and 4 health
2 and 5 demands
3 improving 4 health
5 demands 7 measures
5 demands 19 approach
5 demands 20 could
6 adequate 7 measures
7 measures 8 of
7 measures 19 approach
8 of 10 and
9 health 10 and
10 and 12 application
10 and 13 of
10 and 17 of
11 the 12 application
13 of 16 veil
14 the 16 veil
15 rawlsian 16 veil
17 of 18 ignorance
20 could 21 be
21 be 24 alternative
22 an 23 effective
22 an 24 alternative
23 effective 24 alternative

background : pentosidine is well established as an intermolecular cross - linking type [of] advanced glycation end products , and it accumulates with aging in various connective tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 pentosidine
2 : 6 established
2 : 20 and
2 : 29 .
3 pentosidine 4 is
4 is 5 well
4 is 6 established
6 established 7 as
6 established 12 linking
7 as 10 cross
8 an 9 intermolecular
8 an 10 cross
9 intermolecular 10 cross
11 - 12 linking
12 linking 18 products
12 linking 19 ,
13 type 15 advanced
15 advanced 18 products
16 glycation 18 products
17 end 18 products
20 and 21 it
20 and 22 accumulates
21 it 22 accumulates
22 accumulates 23 with
23 with 24 aging
24 aging 25 in
25 in 28 tissues
26 various 28 tissues
27 connective 28 tissues

objective : to determine whether pentosidine contributes to age - related [and] disease - related impairment of pulmonary functions in patients with asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 9 age
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 8 to
5 whether 6 pentosidine
5 whether 7 contributes
6 pentosidine 7 contributes
8 to 9 age
9 age 16 impairment
9 age 22 with
10 - 11 related
11 related 13 disease
11 related 14 -
11 related 15 related
15 related 16 impairment
16 impairment 17 of
17 of 19 functions
18 pulmonary 19 functions
19 functions 20 in
20 in 21 patients
22 with 23 asthma

results : pentosidine levels in induced sputum were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in normal controls ( patients with asthma : median , 20.1 , interquartile range , 16.7 - 26.5 ng/ml ; normal controls : median , 3.0 , interquartile range , 0.7 - 7.5 ng/ml ; p < . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 <
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 pentosidine
3 pentosidine 4 levels
3 pentosidine 8 were
4 levels 5 in
4 levels 8 were
5 in 7 sputum
6 induced 7 sputum
8 were 9 significantly
8 were 10 higher
8 were 11 in
8 were 13 with
8 were 15 than
11 in 12 patients
13 with 14 asthma
15 than 16 in
16 in 18 controls
17 normal 18 controls
18 controls 20 patients
19 ( 20 patients
20 patients 21 with
20 patients 23 :
21 with 22 asthma
23 : 24 median
23 : 25 ,
23 : 43 interquartile
23 : 50 ;
25 , 26 20.1
25 , 27 ,
27 , 28 interquartile
27 , 35 ;
28 interquartile 29 range
28 interquartile 32 -
30 , 32 -
31 16.7 32 -
32 - 34 ng/ml
32 - 35 ;
33 26.5 34 ng/ml
35 ; 37 controls
35 ; 38 :
36 normal 37 controls
38 : 39 median
38 : 40 ,
40 , 41 3.0
40 , 42 ,
42 , 43 interquartile
43 interquartile 44 range
44 range 49 ng/ml
45 , 49 ng/ml
46 0.7 47 -
47 - 48 7.5
47 - 49 ng/ml
49 ng/ml 50 ;
50 ; 51 p
51 p 52 <
53 . 54 001
53 . 56 )(

the levels were closely correlated with age in both normal controls and patients with asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 levels
2 levels 3 were
3 were 4 closely
3 were 5 correlated
5 correlated 6 with
5 correlated 8 in
5 correlated 14 with
6 with 7 age
8 in 12 and
9 both 11 controls
10 normal 11 controls
11 controls 12 and
12 and 13 patients
14 with 15 asthma

however , the slope of age - related increase [in] pentosidine levels was markedly steeper in patients with asthma than in normal controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 slope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 slope
3 the 4 slope
4 slope 5 of
4 slope 13 was
5 of 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 12 levels
8 related 13 was
9 increase 12 levels
11 pentosidine 12 levels
13 was 15 steeper
14 markedly 15 steeper
15 steeper 16 in
15 steeper 18 with
15 steeper 20 than
16 in 17 patients
18 with 19 asthma
20 than 21 in
21 in 23 controls
22 normal 23 controls

cv/vital capacity , cc/total lung capacity , and delta n ( 2 ) increased with aging in both normal controls and patients with asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 cv/vital 2 capacity
2 capacity 3 ,
3 , 6 capacity
3 , 8 and
4 cc/total 5 lung
5 lung 6 capacity
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 delta
8 and 12 2
8 and 14 increased
9 delta 10 n
11 ( 12 2
12 2 13 )
14 increased 15 with
15 with 16 aging
16 aging 17 in
16 aging 23 with
17 in 21 and
18 both 20 controls
19 normal 20 controls
20 controls 21 and
21 and 22 patients
23 with 24 asthma

moreover , in each range of age ( 21 - 40 , 41 - 60 , 61 - 80 years ) , cv/vital capacity , cc/total lung capacity , and delta n ( 2 ) were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in normal controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 moreover 24 capacity
2 , 3 in
3 in 5 range
3 in 22 ,
3 in 24 capacity
4 each 5 range
5 range 6 of
5 range 9 21
5 range 20 years
6 of 7 age
8 ( 9 21
9 21 10 -
10 - 20 years
11 40 20 years
12 , 14 -
13 41 14 -
14 - 15 60
14 - 16 ,
14 - 20 years
17 61 18 -
18 - 19 80
18 - 20 years
20 years 21 )
23 cv/vital 24 capacity
24 capacity 30 and
24 capacity 36 were
25 , 30 and
26 cc/total 28 capacity
27 lung 28 capacity
28 capacity 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 delta
30 and 34 2
30 and 35 )
31 delta 32 n
33 ( 34 2
34 2 35 )
36 were 38 higher
37 significantly 38 higher
38 higher 39 in
38 higher 43 than
39 in 40 patients
40 patients 41 with
41 with 42 asthma
43 than 44 in
44 in 46 controls
45 normal 46 controls

in addition , pentosidine levels in patients with asthma were closely correlated with each of these variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 levels
4 pentosidine 5 levels
5 levels 6 in
5 levels 10 were
6 in 7 patients
7 patients 8 with
8 with 9 asthma
10 were 11 closely
10 were 12 correlated
12 correlated 13 with
13 with 17 variables
14 each 15 of
14 each 17 variables
15 of 17 variables
16 these 17 variables

conclusion : our results demonstrated the association between sputum levels of pentosidine and age - related small airways function in both normal controls and patients with asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrated
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrated
5 demonstrated 13 and
5 demonstrated 19 function
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 between
7 association 13 and
8 between 10 levels
9 sputum 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
11 of 12 pentosidine
13 and 14 age
13 and 15 -
13 and 19 function
15 - 16 related
16 related 18 airways
16 related 19 function
17 small 18 airways
19 function 20 in
19 function 26 with
20 in 24 and
21 both 23 controls
22 normal 23 controls
23 controls 24 and
24 and 25 patients
26 with 27 asthma

moreover , the age - related increase [in] pentosidine levels was more pronounced in patients with asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 pronounced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 age
3 the 4 age
4 age 11 was
5 - 6 related
6 related 10 levels
6 related 11 was
7 increase 10 levels
9 pentosidine 10 levels
11 was 12 more
11 was 13 pronounced
13 pronounced 14 in
13 pronounced 16 with
14 in 15 patients
16 with 17 asthma

these findings will herald new era [in] [the] pathophysiology of elderly asthma . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 herald
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 will
3 will 4 herald
4 herald 9 pathophysiology
5 new 6 era
6 era 9 pathophysiology
9 pathophysiology 10 of
10 of 12 asthma
11 elderly 12 asthma

the aggregation of α - synuclein ( αs ) in the central nervous system ( cns ) is the hallmark of multiple system atrophy ( msa ) and lewy body diseases including parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) ( α - synucleinopathies ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aggregation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 2 aggregation
2 aggregation 3 of
2 aggregation 10 in
2 aggregation 16 cns
2 aggregation 18 is
3 of 6 synuclein
4 α 5 -
4 α 6 synuclein
6 synuclein 8 αs
7 ( 8 αs
8 αs 9 )
10 in 14 system
11 the 14 system
12 central 14 system
13 nervous 14 system
15 ( 16 cns
16 cns 17 )
18 is 39 and
18 is 41 with
19 the 20 hallmark
20 hallmark 21 of
20 hallmark 28 and
21 of 24 atrophy
22 multiple 23 system
23 system 24 atrophy
24 atrophy 26 msa
25 ( 26 msa
26 msa 27 )
28 and 31 diseases
28 and 32 including
28 and 39 and
29 lewy 31 diseases
30 body 31 diseases
32 including 35 disease
33 parkinson 34 's
34 's 35 disease
35 disease 37 pd
36 ( 37 pd
37 pd 38 )
39 and 40 dementia
41 with 42 lewy
41 with 43 bodies
43 bodies 45 dlb
43 bodies 48 α
44 ( 45 dlb
45 dlb 46 )
47 ( 48 α
48 α 50 synucleinopathies
48 α 51 )
49 - 50 synucleinopathies
50 synucleinopathies 51 )

csf from msa patients ( msa - csf ) promoted fαs formation more strongly than pd [-] , hsca - , or headache - csf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 csf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 promoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
1 csf 2 from
1 csf 8 csf
1 csf 10 promoted
2 from 4 patients
3 msa 4 patients
5 ( 8 csf
6 msa 8 csf
7 - 8 csf
8 csf 9 )
10 promoted 12 formation
10 promoted 14 strongly
10 promoted 15 than
11 fαs 12 formation
13 more 14 strongly
15 than 22 or
16 pd 19 hsca
16 pd 22 or
18 , 19 hsca
19 hsca 20 -
21 , 22 or
22 or 23 headache
24 - 25 csf
24 - 26 .

by electron microscopic analyses , the width of fαs formed in msa - csf was significantly greater than others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 by
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 by 4 analyses
1 by 15 was
2 electron 4 analyses
3 microscopic 4 analyses
4 analyses 7 width
5 , 7 width
6 the 7 width
7 width 8 of
7 width 13 -
8 of 9 fαs
9 fαs 10 formed
10 formed 11 in
11 in 12 msa
14 csf 15 was
15 was 16 significantly
15 was 17 greater
17 greater 18 than
18 than 19 others

msa may have a csf environment particularly favorable for fαs formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 msa
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 msa 2 may
2 may 3 have
3 have 6 environment
4 a 6 environment
5 csf 6 environment
6 environment 8 favorable
7 particularly 8 favorable
8 favorable 9 for
9 for 11 formation
10 fαs 11 formation

aging is a biological process characterized by impairment of cellular bioenergetic [function] , increased oxidative stress , attenuated ability to respond to stresses , increased risk of contracting age - associated disorders that affects many tissues , with a more marked effect on brain and heart function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 5 process
3 a 4 biological
3 a 5 process
4 biological 5 process
5 process 6 characterized
6 characterized 7 by
7 by 8 impairment
8 impairment 9 of
9 of 19 ability
10 cellular 19 ability
11 bioenergetic 16 stress
11 bioenergetic 19 ability
13 , 16 stress
14 increased 16 stress
15 oxidative 16 stress
16 stress 17 ,
18 attenuated 19 ability
19 ability 20 to
19 ability 21 respond
20 to 21 respond
21 respond 22 to
22 to 24 ,
23 stresses 24 ,
24 , 25 increased
24 , 45 and
26 risk 27 of
26 risk 45 and
27 of 28 contracting
28 contracting 29 age
28 contracting 38 with
28 contracting 43 on
29 age 32 disorders
30 - 32 disorders
31 associated 32 disorders
32 disorders 33 that
32 disorders 34 affects
32 disorders 37 ,
33 that 34 affects
34 affects 36 tissues
35 many 36 tissues
38 with 42 effect
39 a 42 effect
40 more 41 marked
41 marked 42 effect
43 on 44 brain
45 and 47 function
46 heart 47 function

oxidative stress is widely thought to underpin many aging processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 is
3 is 5 thought
4 widely 5 thought
5 thought 6 to
6 to 7 underpin
7 underpin 10 processes
8 many 10 processes
9 aging 10 processes

the mitochondrion is considered the most important cellular organelle to contribute to the aging process , mainly through respiratory chain dysfunction and formation of reactive oxygen species , leading to damage to mitochondrial proteins , lipids and mitochondrial dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mitochondrion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 mitochondrion
2 mitochondrion 3 is
3 is 4 considered
4 considered 9 organelle
4 considered 10 to
4 considered 12 to
4 considered 32 to
5 the 6 most
6 most 9 organelle
7 important 9 organelle
8 cellular 9 organelle
10 to 11 contribute
12 to 22 and
13 the 15 process
14 aging 15 process
15 process 16 ,
16 , 21 dysfunction
16 , 22 and
17 mainly 18 through
18 through 20 chain
19 respiratory 20 chain
20 chain 21 dysfunction
22 and 23 formation
22 and 28 ,
22 and 29 leading
22 and 30 to
23 formation 24 of
24 of 27 species
25 reactive 27 species
26 oxygen 27 species
30 to 31 damage
32 to 37 and
33 mitochondrial 34 proteins
34 proteins 35 ,
35 , 36 lipids
35 , 37 and
37 and 39 dna
38 mitochondrial 39 dna

furthermore , exposure to oxidants , especially in the presence of ca ( 2+ ) , can induce the mitochondrial permeability transition with deleterious effects [on] mitochondrial [function] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 to
3 exposure 17 can
4 to 5 oxidants
5 oxidants 8 in
6 , 7 especially
6 , 8 in
8 in 10 presence
8 in 16 ,
9 the 10 presence
10 presence 11 of
11 of 12 ca
12 ca 14 2+
13 ( 14 2+
14 2+ 15 )
17 can 18 induce
18 induce 22 transition
18 induce 23 with
19 the 22 transition
20 mitochondrial 21 permeability
21 permeability 22 transition
23 with 25 effects
23 with 27 mitochondrial
24 deleterious 25 effects

cardiolipin plays a central role in several mitochondrial bioenergetic processes as well as in mitochondrial - dependent steps in apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane stability and dynamics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cardiolipin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 cardiolipin 2 plays
2 plays 5 role
2 plays 11 as
2 plays 13 as
3 a 5 role
4 central 5 role
5 role 6 in
6 in 10 processes
7 several 10 processes
8 mitochondrial 10 processes
9 bioenergetic 10 processes
11 as 12 well
13 as 14 in
14 in 25 and
15 mitochondrial 16 -
15 mitochondrial 17 dependent
17 dependent 18 steps
18 steps 19 in
18 steps 21 and
19 in 20 apoptosis
21 and 24 stability
21 and 25 and
22 mitochondrial 23 membrane
23 membrane 24 stability
25 and 26 dynamics

alterations to cardiolipin structure , content and acyl chain profile have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple tissues in several physiopathological conditions and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 alterations 2 to
1 alterations 5 ,
2 to 4 structure
3 cardiolipin 4 structure
5 , 6 content
5 , 7 and
7 and 10 profile
7 and 11 have
8 acyl 10 profile
9 chain 10 profile
11 have 12 been
12 been 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 20 in
14 with 16 dysfunction
15 mitochondrial 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 17 in
17 in 19 tissues
18 multiple 19 tissues
20 in 24 and
21 several 23 conditions
22 physiopathological 23 conditions
23 conditions 24 and
24 and 25 aging

in this review , we focus on the role played by oxidative stress and cardiolipin in mitochondrial bioenergetic alterations associated with brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
6 focus 11 by
6 focus 16 in
7 on 9 role
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 played
11 by 14 and
12 oxidative 13 stress
13 stress 14 and
14 and 15 cardiolipin
16 in 19 alterations
17 mitochondrial 19 alterations
18 bioenergetic 19 alterations
19 alterations 20 associated
19 alterations 21 with
21 with 22 brain
22 brain 23 aging

while patients with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) show deficits in attention [,] manifested by inefficient performance on visual [search] , new visual talents can emerge in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration ( ftld ) , suggesting that , at least in some of the patients , visual attention is spared , if not enhanced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 emerge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 while 2 patients
1 while 10 show
1 while 13 attention
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 8 ad
2 patients 10 show
3 with 6 disease
4 alzheimer 5 's
5 's 6 disease
7 ( 8 ad
8 ad 9 )
10 show 11 deficits
10 show 12 in
13 attention 15 manifested
13 attention 26 can
15 manifested 16 by
15 manifested 19 on
16 by 18 performance
17 inefficient 18 performance
19 on 25 talents
20 visual 22 ,
20 visual 25 talents
23 new 25 talents
24 visual 25 talents
26 can 27 emerge
27 emerge 28 in
27 emerge 30 with
27 emerge 38 suggesting
27 emerge 54 if
28 in 29 patients
30 with 33 degeneration
31 frontotemporal 33 degeneration
32 lobar 33 degeneration
33 degeneration 35 ftld
34 ( 35 ftld
35 ftld 36 )
37 , 38 suggesting
38 suggesting 39 that
38 suggesting 53 ,
39 that 50 attention
39 that 51 is
40 , 42 least
40 , 43 in
41 at 42 least
43 in 47 patients
43 in 48 ,
43 in 50 attention
44 some 45 of
44 some 47 patients
45 of 47 patients
46 the 47 patients
49 visual 50 attention
50 attention 51 is
51 is 52 spared
54 if 55 not
55 not 56 enhanced

to investigate the underlying mechanisms for visual talent in ftld ( behavioral variant ftd [ bvftd ] and semantic dementia [ sd ] ) patients , we measured performance on a visual search paradigm that includes both feature and conjunction search , while simultaneously monitoring saccadic eye movements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 5 mechanisms
2 investigate 9 in
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 underlying 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 for
6 for 8 talent
7 visual 8 talent
9 in 18 and
10 ftld 14 ftd
10 ftld 18 and
11 ( 14 ftd
12 behavioral 14 ftd
13 variant 14 ftd
14 ftd 16 bvftd
14 ftd 17 ]
15 [ 16 bvftd
16 bvftd 17 ]
18 and 25 patients
19 semantic 25 patients
20 dementia 22 sd
20 dementia 24 )
20 dementia 25 patients
21 [ 22 sd
22 sd 23 ]
26 , 27 we
26 , 28 measured
27 we 28 measured
28 measured 39 and
28 measured 43 while
29 performance 30 on
29 performance 39 and
30 on 34 paradigm
31 a 32 visual
31 a 34 paradigm
32 visual 33 search
33 search 34 paradigm
34 paradigm 35 that
34 paradigm 38 feature
35 that 36 includes
35 that 38 feature
36 includes 38 feature
37 both 38 feature
39 and 41 search
40 conjunction 41 search
42 , 43 while
43 while 45 monitoring
43 while 49 .
44 simultaneously 45 monitoring
45 monitoring 48 movements
46 saccadic 47 eye
47 eye 48 movements

ad patients were impaired relative to healthy controls ( nc ) and ftld patients on both feature and conjunction search . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ad 2 patients
1 ad 3 were
1 ad 4 impaired
2 patients 3 were
4 impaired 18 and
5 relative 6 to
5 relative 12 and
6 to 8 controls
7 healthy 8 controls
8 controls 10 nc
9 ( 10 nc
10 nc 11 )
12 and 13 ftld
12 and 14 patients
12 and 17 feature
12 and 18 and
14 patients 15 on
14 patients 17 feature
15 on 16 both
18 and 20 search
19 conjunction 20 search

bvftd patients showed less accurate performance only on the conjunction search task , but slower response times than nc on all three tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 bvftd 2 patients
2 patients 3 showed
3 showed 6 performance
3 showed 7 only
3 showed 8 on
3 showed 18 than
3 showed 20 on
4 less 6 performance
5 accurate 6 performance
8 on 17 times
9 the 12 task
10 conjunction 11 search
11 search 12 task
12 task 14 but
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 slower
14 but 16 response
16 response 17 times
18 than 19 nc
20 on 23 tasks
21 all 22 three
22 three 23 tasks

in contrast , sd patients were as accurate as controls and had faster response times when faced with the largest number of distracters in the conjunction search task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 patients
4 sd 5 patients
5 patients 6 were
6 were 8 accurate
7 as 8 accurate
8 accurate 9 as
9 as 11 and
10 controls 11 and
11 and 12 had
12 had 15 times
12 had 16 when
12 had 24 in
13 faster 14 response
14 response 15 times
16 when 17 faced
17 faced 18 with
18 with 21 number
19 the 20 largest
19 the 21 number
21 number 22 of
22 of 23 distracters
24 in 28 task
25 the 28 task
26 conjunction 27 search
27 search 28 task

measurement of saccades during visual search [showed] [that] ad patients explored more of the image , [whereas] sd patients explored less of the image before making a decision as to whether the target was present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 explored
1 measurement 2 of
1 measurement 4 during
1 measurement 11 explored
2 of 3 saccades
4 during 10 patients
5 visual 6 search
6 search 10 patients
9 ad 10 patients
11 explored 12 more
12 more 13 of
13 of 15 image
14 the 15 image
15 image 19 patients
16 , 19 patients
18 sd 19 patients
19 patients 20 explored
19 patients 22 of
19 patients 36 .
20 explored 21 less
22 of 24 image
23 the 24 image
24 image 25 before
25 before 26 making
26 making 28 decision
26 making 30 to
27 a 28 decision
29 as 30 to
30 to 31 whether
31 whether 33 target
31 whether 34 was
32 the 33 target
33 target 34 was
34 was 35 present

performance on the conjunction search task positively correlated with gray matter volume in the superior parietal lobe , precuneus , middle frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 performance 2 on
1 performance 8 correlated
1 performance 18 ,
2 on 6 task
3 the 6 task
4 conjunction 6 task
5 search 6 task
7 positively 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 13 in
9 with 12 volume
10 gray 11 matter
11 matter 12 volume
13 in 17 lobe
14 the 17 lobe
15 superior 17 lobe
16 parietal 17 lobe
18 , 19 precuneus
18 , 20 ,
20 , 23 gyrus
20 , 24 and
21 middle 23 gyrus
22 frontal 23 gyrus
24 and 27 gyrus
25 superior 27 gyrus
26 temporal 27 gyrus

these data suggest that despite the presence of extensive temporal lobe degeneration , visual talent in sd may be facilitated by more efficient visual search [under] distracting conditions due to [enhanced] function in the dorsal frontoparietal attention network . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 15 talent
4 that 20 facilitated
5 despite 7 presence
5 despite 13 ,
5 despite 15 talent
6 the 7 presence
7 presence 8 of
8 of 12 degeneration
9 extensive 11 lobe
10 temporal 11 lobe
11 lobe 12 degeneration
14 visual 15 talent
15 talent 16 in
15 talent 18 may
16 in 17 sd
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 facilitated
20 facilitated 21 by
20 facilitated 29 due
21 by 28 conditions
22 more 23 efficient
23 efficient 25 search
24 visual 25 search
25 search 28 conditions
27 distracting 28 conditions
29 due 30 to
29 due 33 in
30 to 32 function
33 in 38 network
34 the 38 network
35 dorsal 37 attention
36 frontoparietal 37 attention
37 attention 38 network

numerous behavioral studies have suggested that normal aging negatively affects source memory accuracy for various kinds of associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 numerous 3 studies
2 behavioral 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 suggested
5 suggested 8 aging
5 suggested 10 affects
6 that 8 aging
7 normal 8 aging
8 aging 10 affects
9 negatively 10 affects
10 affects 13 accuracy
11 source 12 memory
12 memory 13 accuracy
13 accuracy 14 for
14 for 18 associations
15 various 16 kinds
16 kinds 17 of
16 kinds 18 associations
17 of 18 associations

neuroimaging evidence suggests that less efficient retrieval processing ( temporally delayed [and] attenuated ) may contribute to these impairments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neuroimaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 neuroimaging 13 attenuated
1 neuroimaging 15 may
2 evidence 3 suggests
3 suggests 4 that
4 that 8 processing
4 that 13 attenuated
5 less 8 processing
6 efficient 7 retrieval
7 retrieval 8 processing
8 processing 11 delayed
8 processing 13 attenuated
9 ( 11 delayed
10 temporally 11 delayed
13 attenuated 14 )
15 may 16 contribute
16 contribute 17 to
17 to 19 impairments
18 these 19 impairments

previous aging studies have not compared source memory accuracy and corresponding neural activity for different kinds of source details ; namely , those [that] have been encoded via a more or less effective strategy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 previous 3 studies
2 aging 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 not
4 have 6 compared
6 compared 10 and
6 compared 14 for
7 source 9 accuracy
8 memory 9 accuracy
9 accuracy 10 and
10 and 13 activity
11 corresponding 13 activity
12 neural 13 activity
14 for 19 details
15 different 16 kinds
16 kinds 17 of
16 kinds 19 details
17 of 19 details
18 source 19 details
20 ; 23 those
21 namely 22 ,
21 namely 23 those
23 those 25 have
25 have 26 been
26 been 27 encoded
27 encoded 28 via
28 via 34 strategy
29 a 34 strategy
30 more 31 or
31 or 32 less
31 or 34 strategy
33 effective 34 strategy

thus , it is not yet known whether encoding source details in a self - referential manner , a strategy suggested to promote successful memory in the young and old , may enhance source memory accuracy and reduce the commonly observed age - related changes in neural activity associated with source memory retrieval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 it
3 it 4 is
4 is 5 not
4 is 6 yet
4 is 7 known
7 known 8 whether
8 whether 11 details
8 whether 37 and
9 encoding 11 details
10 source 11 details
11 details 12 in
11 details 17 manner
11 details 32 may
12 in 14 self
13 a 14 self
15 - 17 manner
16 referential 17 manner
17 manner 18 ,
18 , 21 suggested
19 a 20 strategy
20 strategy 21 suggested
21 suggested 22 to
21 suggested 31 ,
21 suggested 32 may
22 to 23 promote
23 promote 25 memory
23 promote 26 in
24 successful 25 memory
26 in 29 and
27 the 28 young
28 young 29 and
29 and 30 old
29 and 31 ,
32 may 37 and
33 enhance 36 accuracy
33 enhance 37 and
34 source 35 memory
35 memory 36 accuracy
37 and 38 reduce
37 and 42 age
39 the 42 age
40 commonly 41 observed
41 observed 42 age
43 - 44 related
44 related 45 changes
44 related 46 in
44 related 50 with
46 in 48 activity
47 neural 48 activity
48 activity 49 associated
50 with 53 retrieval
51 source 52 memory
52 memory 53 retrieval

here , we investigated these issues by using [event] - related potentials ( erps ) to measure the effects of aging on the neural [correlates] of successful source memory retrieval ( " old - new effects " ) for objects encoded either self - [referentially] or self - externally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 issues
5 these 6 issues
6 issues 7 by
7 by 8 using
8 using 16 to
8 using 46 or
8 using 49 externally
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 potentials
11 related 15 )
11 related 16 to
12 potentials 14 erps
13 ( 14 erps
14 erps 15 )
16 to 17 measure
17 measure 19 effects
17 measure 39 for
18 the 19 effects
19 effects 20 of
19 effects 26 of
20 of 21 aging
21 aging 22 on
22 on 24 neural
23 the 24 neural
26 of 30 retrieval
27 successful 28 source
28 source 29 memory
29 memory 30 retrieval
30 retrieval 36 effects
31 ( 32 "
31 ( 36 effects
33 old 34 -
33 old 36 effects
35 new 36 effects
36 effects 37 "
36 effects 38 )
39 for 40 objects
40 objects 41 encoded
42 either 43 self
43 self 46 or
44 - 46 or
46 or 47 self
46 or 48 -

behavioral results showed that both young and older adults demonstrated better source memory accuracy for objects encoded self - referentially . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
1 behavioral 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 18 self
3 showed 20 referentially
4 that 18 self
5 both 7 and
6 young 7 and
7 and 14 accuracy
7 and 15 for
7 and 18 self
8 older 12 source
9 adults 10 demonstrated
10 demonstrated 12 source
11 better 12 source
12 source 13 memory
13 memory 14 accuracy
15 for 16 objects
16 objects 17 encoded
19 - 20 referentially
20 referentially 21 .

erp results showed that old - new effects onsetted earlier for self - referentially encoded items in both groups and that age - related differences in the onset latency of these effects were reduced for self - referentially [,] compared to self - externally , encoded items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 erp 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 5 old
4 that 5 old
6 - 8 effects
6 - 13 -
7 new 8 effects
8 effects 9 onsetted
9 onsetted 10 earlier
9 onsetted 11 for
11 for 12 self
13 - 20 and
14 referentially 15 encoded
15 encoded 16 items
16 items 17 in
16 items 20 and
17 in 19 groups
18 both 19 groups
20 and 22 age
21 that 22 age
22 age 34 reduced
23 - 24 related
24 related 25 differences
24 related 34 reduced
25 differences 26 in
26 in 29 latency
27 the 29 latency
28 onset 29 latency
29 latency 30 of
29 latency 32 effects
29 latency 33 were
30 of 31 these
32 effects 33 were
34 reduced 35 for
35 for 36 self
36 self 40 compared
36 self 47 items
37 - 40 compared
38 referentially 40 compared
40 compared 41 to
40 compared 44 externally
40 compared 45 ,
41 to 42 self
43 - 44 externally
44 externally 45 ,
45 , 47 items
46 encoded 47 items
47 items 48 .

these results suggest that the implementation of an effective encoding strategy , like self [-] referential processing , may lead to more efficient retrieval , which in turn may improve source memory accuracy in both young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 implementation
4 that 20 lead
5 the 6 implementation
6 implementation 7 of
6 implementation 19 may
7 of 11 strategy
8 an 9 effective
8 an 11 strategy
9 effective 10 encoding
10 encoding 11 strategy
11 strategy 13 like
12 , 13 like
13 like 17 processing
13 like 18 ,
14 self 17 processing
16 referential 17 processing
19 may 20 lead
20 lead 21 to
21 to 24 retrieval
22 more 23 efficient
23 efficient 24 retrieval
24 retrieval 26 which
25 , 26 which
26 which 28 turn
26 which 29 may
26 which 40 .
27 in 28 turn
29 may 30 improve
30 improve 33 accuracy
30 improve 34 in
31 source 32 memory
32 memory 33 accuracy
34 in 39 adults
35 both 39 adults
36 young 37 and
37 and 38 older
37 and 39 adults

cannabinoid receptors , cb1 and cb2 , are therapeutic targets in the treatment of anxiety , obesity , movement disorders , glaucoma , and pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 receptors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 cannabinoid 2 receptors
2 receptors 5 and
2 receptors 8 are
3 , 5 and
4 cb1 5 and
5 and 6 cb2
5 and 7 ,
8 are 10 targets
9 therapeutic 10 targets
10 targets 11 in
10 targets 14 of
11 in 13 treatment
12 the 13 treatment
14 of 24 and
15 anxiety 16 ,
16 , 17 obesity
16 , 18 ,
18 , 20 disorders
18 , 21 ,
19 movement 20 disorders
21 , 22 glaucoma
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 pain

the binding activities of the immobilized cb1/cb2 receptors were established using frontal affinity chromatographic techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 activities
2 binding 3 activities
3 activities 4 of
3 activities 9 were
4 of 8 receptors
5 the 8 receptors
6 immobilized 8 receptors
7 cb1/cb2 8 receptors
9 were 10 established
10 established 11 using
11 using 15 techniques
12 frontal 13 affinity
13 affinity 15 techniques
14 chromatographic 15 techniques

this is the first report that confirms the presence of functional cb1 and cb2 receptors on ku - 812 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 report
3 the 5 report
4 first 5 report
5 report 6 that
5 report 7 confirms
6 that 7 confirms
7 confirms 9 presence
7 confirms 16 on
8 the 9 presence
9 presence 10 of
10 of 15 receptors
11 functional 15 receptors
12 cb1 13 and
13 and 14 cb2
14 cb2 15 receptors
16 on 17 ku
18 - 20 cells
19 812 20 cells

the data from this study confirm that the cb1/cb2 - ot column can be used to determine the binding affinities ( k [(] [i] ) values [ )(for a single compound and to screen individual compounds or a mixture of multiple compounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 from
2 data 6 confirm
3 from 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 confirm 7 that
7 that 12 column
7 that 15 used
8 the 12 column
9 cb1/cb2 11 ot
10 - 11 ot
11 ot 12 column
12 column 13 can
13 can 14 be
14 be 15 used
15 used 16 to
15 used 17 determine
16 to 17 determine
17 determine 20 affinities
17 determine 32 and
18 the 20 affinities
19 binding 20 affinities
20 affinities 22 k
20 affinities 32 and
21 ( 22 k
22 k 25 )
26 values 28 )(for
26 values 31 compound
26 values 32 and
28 )(for 30 single
29 a 30 single
32 and 33 to
32 and 34 screen
33 to 34 screen
34 screen 37 or
35 individual 36 compounds
36 compounds 37 or
37 or 39 mixture
37 or 40 of
38 a 39 mixture
40 of 42 compounds
41 multiple 42 compounds

the cb1/cb2 - ot column was also used to screen a botanical matrix , zanthoxylum clava - herculis , where preliminary results suggest the presence of a high - affinity phytocannabinoid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 column
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 5 column
2 cb1/cb2 4 ot
3 - 4 ot
4 ot 5 column
5 column 6 was
6 was 7 also
6 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 screen
9 to 10 screen
10 screen 13 matrix
10 screen 20 where
11 a 12 botanical
11 a 13 matrix
12 botanical 13 matrix
13 matrix 16 clava
13 matrix 18 herculis
14 , 16 clava
15 zanthoxylum 16 clava
16 clava 17 -
17 - 18 herculis
18 herculis 19 ,
20 where 22 results
20 where 23 suggest
21 preliminary 22 results
22 results 23 suggest
23 suggest 25 presence
24 the 25 presence
25 presence 26 of
26 of 31 phytocannabinoid
27 a 28 high
27 a 31 phytocannabinoid
28 high 29 -
28 high 30 affinity
30 affinity 31 phytocannabinoid

adult human brain expresses 6 isoforms of tau protein as a result of alternative splicing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 brain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 adult 3 brain
2 human 3 brain
3 brain 4 expresses
4 expresses 6 isoforms
4 expresses 10 as
5 6 6 isoforms
6 isoforms 7 of
7 of 9 protein
8 tau 9 protein
10 as 12 result
11 a 12 result
12 result 13 of
13 of 15 splicing
14 alternative 15 splicing

alternative splicing of exon 10 ( e10 ) leads to tau isoforms containing either 3 ( 3r - tau ) or 4 ( 4r - tau ) microtubule - binding repeats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alternative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 leads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
1 alternative 2 splicing
1 alternative 3 of
1 alternative 9 leads
3 of 4 exon
4 exon 5 10
4 exon 7 e10
6 ( 7 e10
7 e10 8 )
9 leads 10 to
10 to 12 isoforms
11 tau 12 isoforms
12 isoforms 13 containing
12 isoforms 19 tau
13 containing 14 either
13 containing 15 3
16 ( 19 tau
17 3r 18 -
17 3r 19 tau
19 tau 20 )
21 or 22 4
21 or 28 microtubule
22 4 26 tau
22 4 28 microtubule
23 ( 26 tau
24 4r 25 -
24 4r 26 tau
26 tau 27 )
28 microtubule 30 binding
29 - 30 binding
30 binding 31 repeats
30 binding 32 .

imbalance in the 3r - tau/4r - tau ratio causes neurofibrillary degeneration and dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 imbalance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 imbalance 2 in
1 imbalance 10 causes
2 in 9 ratio
3 the 9 ratio
4 3r 5 -
4 3r 8 tau
6 tau/4r 7 -
6 tau/4r 8 tau
8 tau 9 ratio
10 causes 13 and
11 neurofibrillary 12 degeneration
12 degeneration 13 and
13 and 14 dementia

here , we demonstrated that the dual - specificity tyrosine phosphorylation - regulated kinase 1 [a] ( dyrk1a ) interacted with the splicing factor 9g8 and phosphorylated it at several serine residues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 11 phosphorylation
5 that 26 and
6 the 11 phosphorylation
7 dual 8 -
7 dual 9 specificity
9 specificity 11 phosphorylation
10 tyrosine 11 phosphorylation
11 phosphorylation 14 kinase
11 phosphorylation 26 and
12 - 14 kinase
13 regulated 14 kinase
14 kinase 15 1
14 kinase 18 dyrk1a
14 kinase 19 )
17 ( 18 dyrk1a
18 dyrk1a 19 )
20 interacted 21 with
20 interacted 26 and
21 with 24 factor
21 with 25 9g8
22 the 24 factor
23 splicing 24 factor
26 and 27 phosphorylated
26 and 29 at
27 phosphorylated 28 it
29 at 32 residues
30 several 32 residues
31 serine 32 residues

dyrk1a itself promoted tau e10 inclusion , whereas 9g8 inhibited e10 inclusion , and these actions were variable depending on the cell types . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 dyrk1a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 promoted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 dyrk1a 3 promoted
2 itself 3 promoted
3 promoted 6 inclusion
4 tau 6 inclusion
5 e10 6 inclusion
7 , 14 and
7 , 17 were
8 whereas 9 9g8
8 whereas 10 inhibited
8 whereas 14 and
9 9g8 10 inhibited
10 inhibited 11 e10
12 inclusion 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 actions
14 and 17 were
15 these 16 actions
17 were 19 depending
17 were 20 on
18 variable 19 depending
20 on 23 types
21 the 23 types
22 cell 23 types

coexpression of dyrk1a and 9g8 led to their translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and suppressed their ability to regulate tau exon 10 splicing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 coexpression 2 of
1 coexpression 4 and
2 of 3 dyrk1a
4 and 5 9g8
4 and 16 and
6 led 7 to
6 led 10 from
6 led 16 and
7 to 9 translocation
8 their 9 translocation
10 from 12 nucleus
11 the 12 nucleus
12 nucleus 13 to
13 to 15 cytoplasm
14 the 15 cytoplasm
16 and 17 suppressed
17 suppressed 19 ability
18 their 19 ability
19 ability 20 to
19 ability 21 regulate
20 to 21 regulate
21 regulate 23 exon
22 tau 23 exon
23 exon 24 10
23 exon 25 splicing

this action is probably due to their interaction - induced translocation from the nucleus , where the regulation of tau e10 splicing occurs , to the cytoplasm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 action
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 action
2 action 3 is
3 is 4 probably
3 is 6 to
3 is 25 to
5 due 6 to
6 to 8 interaction
7 their 8 interaction
8 interaction 11 translocation
9 - 11 translocation
10 induced 11 translocation
11 translocation 12 from
11 translocation 24 ,
12 from 14 nucleus
13 the 14 nucleus
14 nucleus 16 where
15 , 16 where
16 where 18 regulation
16 where 23 occurs
16 where 24 ,
17 the 18 regulation
18 regulation 19 of
18 regulation 23 occurs
19 of 21 e10
20 tau 21 e10
21 e10 22 splicing
25 to 27 cytoplasm
26 the 27 cytoplasm

these findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the regulation of tau e10 splicing and further our understanding of the neurodegeneration caused by dysregulation of tau e10 splicing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 17 and
3 provide 5 insights
3 provide 6 into
3 provide 17 and
4 novel 5 insights
6 into 9 mechanism
7 the 9 mechanism
8 molecular 9 mechanism
9 mechanism 10 of
10 of 12 regulation
11 the 12 regulation
12 regulation 13 of
12 regulation 16 splicing
13 of 15 e10
14 tau 15 e10
17 and 18 further
17 and 25 by
17 and 29 e10
18 further 20 understanding
19 our 20 understanding
20 understanding 21 of
21 of 23 neurodegeneration
22 the 23 neurodegeneration
23 neurodegeneration 24 caused
25 by 26 dysregulation
26 dysregulation 27 of
27 of 28 tau
29 e10 30 splicing

the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical and functional capacity and quality of life ( qol ) among elderly people who have a chronic disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 23 among
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 relationship
9 the 10 relationship
10 relationship 11 between
10 relationship 18 of
10 relationship 21 qol
11 between 16 and
12 physical 13 and
13 and 14 functional
13 and 15 capacity
15 capacity 16 and
16 and 17 quality
18 of 19 life
20 ( 21 qol
21 qol 22 )
23 among 25 people
24 elderly 25 people
25 people 26 who
25 people 27 have
26 who 27 have
27 have 30 disease
28 a 29 chronic
28 a 30 disease
29 chronic 30 disease

the study included 100 elderly individuals aged 65 years and older , who have a chronic disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 included
3 included 6 individuals
4 100 6 individuals
5 elderly 6 individuals
6 individuals 7 aged
7 aged 10 and
8 65 9 years
9 years 10 and
10 and 11 older
12 , 13 who
12 , 14 have
13 who 14 have
14 have 17 disease
15 a 16 chronic
15 a 17 disease
16 chronic 17 disease

the study examined the marital and educational status , social security status , kind of chronic disease , number of chronic diseases and whether participants use assistive devices for walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 walking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 8 status
4 the 8 status
5 marital 6 and
6 and 7 educational
6 and 8 status
8 status 12 status
9 , 12 status
10 social 12 status
11 security 12 status
12 status 17 disease
12 status 18 ,
13 , 17 disease
14 kind 15 of
15 of 16 chronic
16 chronic 17 disease
17 disease 18 ,
18 , 23 and
19 number 20 of
19 number 23 and
20 of 22 diseases
21 chronic 22 diseases
23 and 24 whether
23 and 25 participants
23 and 30 walking
25 participants 26 use
26 use 28 devices
26 use 29 for
27 assistive 28 devices
29 for 30 walking

the nottingham health profile ( nhp ) was used to evaluate qol related to health ; the physical mobility scale ( pms ) was used to evaluate mobility in daily life and the functional independent measure ( fim ) was used to evaluate functional independence in daily activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 3 health
2 nottingham 3 health
4 profile 6 nhp
4 profile 8 was
5 ( 6 nhp
6 nhp 7 )
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
10 to 11 evaluate
11 evaluate 12 qol
11 evaluate 13 related
12 qol 13 related
13 related 14 to
13 related 16 ;
14 to 15 health
16 ; 20 scale
16 ; 32 and
17 the 20 scale
18 physical 19 mobility
19 mobility 20 scale
20 scale 22 pms
20 scale 24 was
21 ( 22 pms
22 pms 23 )
24 was 25 used
25 used 26 to
26 to 32 and
27 evaluate 28 mobility
27 evaluate 32 and
28 mobility 29 in
29 in 31 life
30 daily 31 life
32 and 43 evaluate
32 and 46 in
33 the 36 measure
34 functional 35 independent
35 independent 36 measure
36 measure 38 fim
36 measure 40 was
37 ( 38 fim
38 fim 39 )
40 was 41 used
41 used 42 to
42 to 43 evaluate
43 evaluate 45 independence
44 functional 45 independence
46 in 48 activities
47 daily 48 activities

in both female and male individuals , a statistically significant difference was found between the number of chronic diseases , kind of chronic disease , educational status , marital status , total fim , pms and nhp values ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 6 individuals
1 in 7 ,
1 in 11 difference
2 both 6 individuals
3 female 4 and
4 and 5 male
4 and 6 individuals
8 a 9 statistically
8 a 11 difference
9 statistically 10 significant
10 significant 11 difference
11 difference 12 was
12 was 13 found
13 found 14 between
14 between 16 number
15 the 16 number
16 number 17 of
16 number 27 status
17 of 19 diseases
18 chronic 19 diseases
19 diseases 24 disease
20 , 24 disease
21 kind 22 of
22 of 23 chronic
23 chronic 24 disease
24 disease 25 ,
25 , 27 status
26 educational 27 status
27 status 30 status
27 status 41 )
28 , 30 status
29 marital 30 status
30 status 33 fim
30 status 41 )
31 , 33 fim
32 total 33 fim
33 fim 36 and
33 fim 41 )
34 , 36 and
35 pms 36 and
36 and 38 values
36 and 40 p<0.05
36 and 41 )
37 nhp 38 values
39 ( 40 p<0.05
40 p<0.05 41 )

in males , there was a correlation between number of chronic illnesses and total nhp , fim ( p<0.05 ) , but in females , there were no correlation [between] number of chronic illnesses and total nhp , fim ( p>0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 males
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 2 males
3 , 4 there
3 , 5 was
3 , 25 ,
4 there 5 was
5 was 7 correlation
6 a 7 correlation
7 correlation 8 between
7 correlation 22 but
8 between 13 and
9 number 10 of
9 number 13 and
10 of 12 illnesses
11 chronic 12 illnesses
13 and 15 nhp
13 and 17 fim
14 total 15 nhp
16 , 17 fim
17 fim 19 p<0.05
17 fim 21 ,
18 ( 19 p<0.05
19 p<0.05 20 )
22 but 23 in
23 in 24 females
25 , 35 and
26 there 35 and
27 were 31 number
27 were 35 and
28 no 31 number
29 correlation 31 number
31 number 32 of
32 of 34 illnesses
33 chronic 34 illnesses
35 and 36 total
36 total 37 nhp
37 nhp 39 fim
38 , 39 fim
39 fim 41 p>0.05
39 fim 42 )
40 ( 41 p>0.05
41 p>0.05 42 )

there were no correlations between kind of chronic disease and pms , nhp , fim ( p>0.05 ) in either of genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 there 2 were
2 were 10 and
3 no 4 correlations
4 correlations 5 between
4 correlations 10 and
5 between 9 disease
6 kind 7 of
7 of 8 chronic
8 chronic 9 disease
10 and 11 pms
10 and 19 in
11 pms 13 nhp
12 , 13 nhp
13 nhp 15 fim
13 nhp 18 )
14 , 15 fim
15 fim 17 p>0.05
15 fim 18 )
16 ( 17 p>0.05
17 p>0.05 18 )
19 in 20 either
20 either 21 of
21 of 22 genders

it is thought that the rehabilitation programs to improve physical and functional capacity in elderly people and applications that increase participation in activities and reduce pain may improve qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 thought
2 is 4 that
2 is 7 programs
4 that 6 rehabilitation
4 that 7 programs
5 the 6 rehabilitation
6 rehabilitation 7 programs
7 programs 8 to
7 programs 17 and
8 to 17 and
9 improve 13 capacity
9 improve 14 in
9 improve 17 and
10 physical 11 and
11 and 12 functional
11 and 13 capacity
14 in 16 people
15 elderly 16 people
17 and 28 improve
18 applications 19 that
18 applications 24 and
18 applications 27 may
19 that 24 and
20 increase 21 participation
20 increase 24 and
21 participation 22 in
22 in 23 activities
24 and 25 reduce
25 reduce 26 pain
27 may 28 improve
28 improve 29 qol

the aim of this study was to determine whether a decrease in the efficiency of inhibitory mechanisms associated with aging could account for age - related differences in the ability to suppress a pre - potent response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 whether
8 determine 23 for
9 whether 11 decrease
9 whether 22 account
10 a 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 in
11 decrease 15 of
11 decrease 21 could
12 in 14 efficiency
13 the 14 efficiency
15 of 17 mechanisms
16 inhibitory 17 mechanisms
17 mechanisms 18 associated
17 mechanisms 19 with
19 with 20 aging
21 could 22 account
23 for 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 27 differences
27 differences 28 in
28 in 30 ability
29 the 30 ability
30 ability 31 to
30 ability 32 suppress
31 to 32 suppress
32 suppress 37 response
33 a 37 response
34 pre 35 -
34 pre 37 response
36 potent 37 response

participants performed a stroop task to assess stroop interference and np suppression concurrently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 participants 2 performed
2 performed 5 task
2 performed 6 to
3 a 5 task
4 stroop 5 task
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 12 suppression
7 assess 13 concurrently
8 stroop 12 suppression
9 interference 10 and
10 and 11 np
10 and 12 suppression

results showed a greater stroop interference [in] older than in young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 6 interference
2 showed 12 adults
3 a 6 interference
4 greater 6 interference
5 stroop 6 interference
6 interference 8 older
8 older 9 than
9 than 10 in
11 young 12 adults

on the other hand , the np effect was only reliable in the younger group , the older group not showing np suppression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 8 effect
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 the 8 effect
7 np 8 effect
8 effect 9 was
9 was 10 only
9 was 11 reliable
11 reliable 12 in
12 in 15 group
13 the 15 group
14 younger 15 group
15 group 19 group
16 , 19 group
17 the 19 group
18 older 19 group
19 group 20 not
19 group 24 .
20 not 21 showing
21 showing 22 np
21 showing 23 suppression

these findings suggest that the slowing hypothesis alone cannot explain this pattern of results and that the age - related differences must also involve an inhibitory breakdown during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 15 and
4 that 7 hypothesis
4 that 10 explain
4 that 15 and
5 the 7 hypothesis
6 slowing 7 hypothesis
7 hypothesis 9 cannot
8 alone 9 cannot
9 cannot 10 explain
10 explain 12 pattern
11 this 12 pattern
12 pattern 13 of
13 of 14 results
15 and 16 that
16 that 18 age
16 that 24 involve
17 the 18 age
18 age 22 must
19 - 20 related
20 related 21 differences
20 related 22 must
22 must 24 involve
23 also 24 involve
24 involve 27 breakdown
24 involve 28 during
25 an 26 inhibitory
25 an 27 breakdown
26 inhibitory 27 breakdown
28 during 29 aging

aim : although recurrent tonsillitis can be the consequence of defects [in] immune [system] , the exact etiology of recurrent tonsillitis is not clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 aim 2 :
2 : 3 although
2 : 13 immune
3 although 5 tonsillitis
3 although 7 be
4 recurrent 5 tonsillitis
5 tonsillitis 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 9 consequence
8 the 9 consequence
9 consequence 10 of
10 of 11 defects
15 , 18 etiology
15 , 22 is
16 the 18 etiology
17 exact 18 etiology
18 etiology 19 of
18 etiology 22 is
19 of 21 tonsillitis
20 recurrent 21 tonsillitis
22 is 23 not
22 is 24 clear
23 not 24 clear

in this study , our aim was to determine the serum vitamin d levels and vitamin d receptor polymorphism among children undergone tonsillectomy due to the recurrent tonsillitis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 aim
2 this 3 study
5 our 6 aim
6 aim 7 was
7 was 8 to
7 was 23 tonsillectomy
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 15 and
9 determine 20 among
10 the 14 levels
11 serum 14 levels
12 vitamin 13 d
12 vitamin 14 levels
14 levels 15 and
15 and 19 polymorphism
16 vitamin 17 d
16 vitamin 19 polymorphism
18 receptor 19 polymorphism
20 among 21 children
21 children 22 undergone
23 tonsillectomy 25 to
24 due 25 to
25 to 28 tonsillitis
26 the 28 tonsillitis
27 recurrent 28 tonsillitis

methods : a 106 children undergone tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis and [a] 127 healthy children aging between 2 and 12 years were enrolled in this study , to determine serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin d level and vitamin d receptor gene polymorphisms ( apa1 , taq 1 , fok1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 tonsillectomy
3 a 7 tonsillectomy
4 106 6 undergone
5 children 6 undergone
6 undergone 7 tonsillectomy
7 tonsillectomy 9 to
8 due 9 to
9 to 11 tonsillitis
10 recurrent 11 tonsillitis
12 and 16 children
12 and 24 enrolled
14 127 16 children
15 healthy 16 children
16 children 17 aging
16 children 22 years
16 children 23 were
16 children 24 enrolled
17 aging 18 between
18 between 20 and
19 2 20 and
20 and 21 12
22 years 23 were
24 enrolled 25 in
24 enrolled 29 to
24 enrolled 46 taq
25 in 27 study
26 this 27 study
28 , 29 to
29 to 30 determine
29 to 45 ,
30 determine 31 serum
31 serum 32 25
31 serum 37 and
33 - 37 and
34 hydroxyvitamin 35 d
34 hydroxyvitamin 36 level
36 level 37 and
37 and 42 polymorphisms
37 and 44 apa1
37 and 45 ,
38 vitamin 39 d
38 vitamin 42 polymorphisms
40 receptor 41 gene
41 gene 42 polymorphisms
43 ( 44 apa1
44 apa1 45 ,
46 taq 47 1
46 taq 49 fok1
48 , 49 fok1
49 fok1 50 )

serum vitamin d level was measured with elisa ( [nmol/l] [ )(and receptor gene polymorphism was determined by pcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 serum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 serum 2 vitamin
1 serum 6 measured
1 serum 16 was
2 vitamin 3 d
2 vitamin 4 level
2 vitamin 5 was
2 vitamin 6 measured
4 level 5 was
6 measured 7 with
7 with 12 )(and
8 elisa 12 )(and
9 ( 12 )(and
12 )(and 15 polymorphism
13 receptor 14 gene
14 gene 15 polymorphism
16 was 17 determined
17 determined 18 by
18 by 19 pcr

vitamin d serum level below 80nmol/l was [accepted] as insufficient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 serum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 vitamin 2 d
1 vitamin 3 serum
3 serum 4 level
3 serum 7 was
4 level 5 below
5 below 6 80nmol/l
7 was 10 insufficient
9 as 10 insufficient

results : the average serum vitamin d level was 176±79nmol/l in recurrent tonsillitis group and 193±56nmol/l in control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 level
2 : 19 group
2 : 20 .
3 the 8 level
4 average 5 serum
5 serum 8 level
6 vitamin 7 d
6 vitamin 8 level
8 level 9 was
9 was 10 176±79nmol/l
10 176±79nmol/l 11 in
11 in 13 tonsillitis
12 recurrent 13 tonsillitis
13 tonsillitis 15 and
13 tonsillitis 19 group
14 group 15 and
15 and 16 193±56nmol/l
15 and 17 in
15 and 19 group
17 in 18 control

there was no significant difference between the groups ( p=0.13 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 between
6 between 8 groups
7 the 8 groups
8 groups 10 p=0.13
9 ( 10 p=0.13
10 p=0.13 11 )

there was no significant difference between the two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 between
6 between 9 groups
7 the 8 two
8 two 9 groups

the vitamin d serum levels and receptor sub - [genotypes] are also compared , and there was no significant difference between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 5 levels
2 vitamin 3 d
2 vitamin 5 levels
4 serum 5 levels
5 levels 6 and
6 and 8 sub
6 and 9 -
6 and 11 are
7 receptor 8 sub
11 are 12 also
11 are 13 compared
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 there
15 and 17 was
16 there 17 was
17 was 20 difference
18 no 20 difference
19 significant 20 difference
20 difference 21 between
21 between 23 groups
22 the 23 groups

conclusion : there is no difference between the serum vitamin d level and receptor gene polymorphism among children with recurrent tonsillitis and healthy children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
2 : 25 .
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 difference
5 no 6 difference
6 difference 7 between
6 difference 19 with
7 between 13 and
8 the 12 level
9 serum 12 level
10 vitamin 11 d
10 vitamin 12 level
12 level 13 and
13 and 16 polymorphism
13 and 17 among
14 receptor 16 polymorphism
15 gene 16 polymorphism
17 among 18 children
19 with 22 and
20 recurrent 21 tonsillitis
21 tonsillitis 22 and
22 and 24 children
23 healthy 24 children

but vitamin d insufficiency is more prevalent in children with recurrent tonsillitis [group] ( 18 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 but 2 vitamin
1 but 5 is
2 vitamin 3 d
4 insufficiency 5 is
5 is 7 prevalent
6 more 7 prevalent
7 prevalent 8 in
7 prevalent 10 with
8 in 9 children
10 with 12 tonsillitis
11 recurrent 12 tonsillitis
12 tonsillitis 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 18 16 %
16 % 17 )

epimedium ( berberidaceae [ )(, is a genus of about 52 species in the family berberidaceae , [which] also known as rowdy lamb herb , xianlinpi , barrenwort , bishop 's hat , fairy wings , horny goat weed , and yangheye or yin yang huo ( chinese [:] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epimedium
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 epimedium 3 berberidaceae
1 epimedium 6 is
2 ( 3 berberidaceae
3 berberidaceae 5 )(,
6 is 8 genus
7 a 8 genus
8 genus 9 of
9 of 12 species
10 about 11 52
11 52 12 species
12 species 13 in
13 in 16 berberidaceae
14 the 15 family
15 family 16 berberidaceae
16 berberidaceae 20 known
16 berberidaceae 26 xianlinpi
16 berberidaceae 28 barrenwort
17 , 20 known
19 also 20 known
20 known 21 as
20 known 25 ,
21 as 24 herb
22 rowdy 23 lamb
23 lamb 24 herb
25 , 26 xianlinpi
26 xianlinpi 27 ,
27 , 28 barrenwort
28 barrenwort 43 or
28 barrenwort 50 )
29 , 43 or
30 bishop 31 's
31 's 32 hat
32 hat 33 ,
33 , 35 wings
33 , 36 ,
34 fairy 35 wings
36 , 39 weed
36 , 41 and
37 horny 38 goat
38 goat 39 weed
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 yangheye
41 and 43 or
43 or 46 huo
43 or 48 chinese
43 or 50 )
44 yin 45 yang
45 yang 46 huo
47 ( 48 chinese
48 chinese 50 )

many plants have been proven to possess efficacy on sexual dysfunction and osteoporosis in traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 plants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 many 2 plants
2 plants 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 proven
5 proven 6 to
5 proven 9 on
5 proven 14 in
6 to 7 possess
7 possess 8 efficacy
9 on 12 and
10 sexual 11 dysfunction
11 dysfunction 12 and
12 and 13 osteoporosis
14 in 17 medicine
15 traditional 17 medicine
16 chinese 17 medicine
17 medicine 19 tcm
18 ( 19 tcm
19 tcm 20 )

the paper reviews the ethnopharmacology , the biological activities and the correlated chemical compounds of epimedium species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 paper
2 paper 3 reviews
3 reviews 5 ethnopharmacology
4 the 5 ethnopharmacology
6 , 10 and
7 the 9 activities
8 biological 9 activities
9 activities 10 and
10 and 14 compounds
10 and 15 of
11 the 14 compounds
12 correlated 14 compounds
13 chemical 14 compounds
15 of 17 species
16 epimedium 17 species

more than 260 compounds have been isolated ; among [them] prenyl - flavonoids are the major constituents and also important chemotaxonomic markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 more 2 than
2 than 3 260
3 260 4 compounds
4 compounds 5 have
5 have 6 been
6 been 7 isolated
8 ; 13 flavonoids
8 ; 14 are
9 among 11 prenyl
9 among 12 -
9 among 13 flavonoids
13 flavonoids 14 are
14 are 18 and
15 the 17 constituents
16 major 17 constituents
17 constituents 18 and
18 and 19 also
18 and 22 markers
20 important 22 markers
21 chemotaxonomic 22 markers

modern pharmacology studies and clinical practice demonstrated that epimedium and its active compounds possess wide pharmacological actions , [especially] in strengthening yang , hormone regulation , anti - osteoporosis , immunological function modulation , anti - oxidation and anti - tumor , anti - aging , anti - atherosclerosis and anti - depressant activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 modern 2 pharmacology
2 pharmacology 3 studies
3 studies 4 and
4 and 6 practice
4 and 7 demonstrated
4 and 10 and
4 and 14 possess
5 clinical 6 practice
8 that 9 epimedium
9 epimedium 10 and
10 and 13 compounds
10 and 14 possess
11 its 13 compounds
12 active 13 compounds
14 possess 17 actions
15 wide 17 actions
16 pharmacological 17 actions
18 , 22 yang
18 , 23 ,
20 in 21 strengthening
20 in 22 yang
23 , 38 and
23 , 42 ,
24 hormone 25 regulation
25 regulation 26 ,
26 , 37 oxidation
26 , 38 and
27 anti 29 osteoporosis
27 anti 34 ,
27 anti 37 oxidation
28 - 29 osteoporosis
29 osteoporosis 33 modulation
29 osteoporosis 34 ,
30 , 33 modulation
31 immunological 33 modulation
32 function 33 modulation
33 modulation 34 ,
35 anti 36 -
35 anti 37 oxidation
38 and 41 tumor
39 anti 40 -
39 anti 41 tumor
42 , 50 and
43 anti 44 -
43 anti 45 aging
45 aging 46 ,
46 , 49 atherosclerosis
46 , 50 and
47 anti 48 -
47 anti 49 atherosclerosis
50 and 54 activities
51 anti 52 -
51 anti 54 activities
53 depressant 54 activities

currently , effective monomeric compounds or active parts have been screened for pharmacological activity from epimedium in vivo and in vitro . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 screened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 6 or
3 effective 5 compounds
4 monomeric 5 compounds
5 compounds 6 or
6 or 8 parts
6 or 9 have
7 active 8 parts
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 screened
11 screened 12 for
11 screened 19 and
12 for 14 activity
13 pharmacological 14 activity
14 activity 15 from
15 from 16 epimedium
17 in 18 vivo
18 vivo 19 and
19 and 21 vitro
20 in 21 vitro

one of the most common problems encountered in posture control studies is relatively poor repeatability of postural stability measures based on the cop ( [center] of pressure ) time [-] series which results from the inherent variability of postural control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 6 problems
1 one 7 encountered
1 one 12 is
2 of 4 most
3 the 4 most
5 common 6 problems
6 problems 7 encountered
7 encountered 8 in
8 in 11 studies
9 posture 10 control
10 control 11 studies
12 is 15 repeatability
12 is 21 on
12 is 34 from
13 relatively 14 poor
14 poor 15 repeatability
15 repeatability 16 of
15 repeatability 20 based
16 of 19 measures
17 postural 19 measures
18 stability 19 measures
21 on 31 series
22 the 31 series
23 cop 26 of
23 cop 31 series
24 ( 26 of
26 of 27 pressure
26 of 28 )
29 time 31 series
31 series 32 which
31 series 33 results
32 which 33 results
34 from 37 variability
35 the 37 variability
36 inherent 37 variability
37 variability 38 of
38 of 40 control
39 postural 40 control

the repeatability of the data reflecting the postural control mechanisms in young children is still not well enough explained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 repeatability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 repeatability
2 repeatability 3 of
2 repeatability 6 reflecting
2 repeatability 14 is
3 of 5 data
4 the 5 data
6 reflecting 10 mechanisms
6 reflecting 11 in
7 the 10 mechanisms
8 postural 9 control
9 control 10 mechanisms
11 in 13 children
12 young 13 children
14 is 16 not
14 is 17 well
14 is 19 explained
15 still 16 not
17 well 18 enough

the differences [between] of the repeatability of the stability indices of left and right foot may reflect the lateralization development of legs in the support function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 differences
2 differences 4 of
2 differences 16 may
4 of 6 repeatability
5 the 6 repeatability
6 repeatability 7 of
6 repeatability 11 of
7 of 10 indices
8 the 10 indices
9 stability 10 indices
11 of 13 and
12 left 13 and
13 and 15 foot
14 right 15 foot
16 may 17 reflect
17 reflect 20 development
17 reflect 23 in
18 the 20 development
19 lateralization 20 development
20 development 21 of
21 of 22 legs
23 in 26 function
24 the 26 function
25 support 26 function

the aim of the present study was two - fold : the assessment of the repeatability of the stability indices in three consecutive trials in young children , aged 2 - 7 years old , [during] quiet bipedal stance and the description of process of lower limbs lateralization , based on the difference of repeatability of both feet stability [the] indices changing with years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 the 6 study
5 present 6 study
7 was 8 two
9 - 10 fold
9 - 11 :
9 - 28 ,
11 : 13 assessment
12 the 13 assessment
13 assessment 14 of
14 of 16 repeatability
15 the 16 repeatability
16 repeatability 17 of
17 of 20 indices
18 the 20 indices
19 stability 20 indices
20 indices 21 in
20 indices 25 in
21 in 24 trials
22 three 24 trials
23 consecutive 24 trials
25 in 27 children
26 young 27 children
28 , 40 and
29 aged 34 old
29 aged 35 ,
30 2 31 -
31 - 32 7
31 - 33 years
33 years 34 old
35 , 39 stance
35 , 40 and
37 quiet 39 stance
38 bipedal 39 stance
40 and 42 description
40 and 49 ,
40 and 50 based
41 the 42 description
42 description 43 of
42 description 45 of
43 of 44 process
45 of 48 lateralization
46 lower 47 limbs
47 limbs 48 lateralization
50 based 51 on
50 based 63 with
51 on 53 difference
52 the 53 difference
53 difference 54 of
54 of 55 repeatability
55 repeatability 56 of
56 of 61 indices
57 both 61 indices
58 feet 59 stability
59 stability 61 indices
61 indices 62 changing
63 with 64 years

the subjects were 272 young healthy children aged 2 - 7 years old separated in 6 groups for children of different age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 were
3 were 7 children
4 272 7 children
5 young 7 children
6 healthy 7 children
7 children 8 aged
7 children 14 separated
7 children 18 for
8 aged 13 old
9 2 10 -
10 - 11 7
10 - 12 years
12 years 13 old
14 separated 15 in
15 in 17 groups
16 6 17 groups
18 for 19 children
19 children 20 of
20 of 22 age
21 different 22 age

each child stood for around 90 s on two accusway force platforms ( amti ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 child
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 each 2 child
2 child 3 stood
3 stood 4 for
3 stood 8 on
4 for 7 s
5 around 6 90
6 90 7 s
8 on 12 platforms
9 two 12 platforms
10 accusway 12 platforms
11 force 12 platforms
12 platforms 14 amti
13 ( 14 amti
14 amti 15 )

the shifts of cop beneath left and right legs were recorded onto a computer by using appropriate software compatible with platforms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shifts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 shifts
2 shifts 3 of
2 shifts 10 were
3 of 4 cop
4 cop 5 beneath
5 beneath 7 and
6 left 7 and
7 and 9 legs
8 right 9 legs
10 were 11 recorded
11 recorded 12 onto
11 recorded 15 by
12 onto 14 computer
13 a 14 computer
15 by 16 using
16 using 18 software
17 appropriate 18 software
18 software 19 compatible
19 compatible 20 with
20 with 21 platforms

the indices of the ellipse area and velocity cop shifts were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 indices
2 indices 3 of
2 indices 11 were
3 of 7 and
4 the 6 area
5 ellipse 6 area
6 area 7 and
7 and 10 shifts
8 velocity 10 shifts
9 cop 10 shifts
11 were 12 calculated

for assessment of the repeatability [the] concordance correlation coefficient ( ccc ) of the indices was used between the 1st and 2nd , 2nd and 3rd , and 1st and 3rd trials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 for 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 of
2 assessment 16 was
3 of 9 coefficient
4 the 9 coefficient
5 repeatability 9 coefficient
7 concordance 9 coefficient
8 correlation 9 coefficient
9 coefficient 11 ccc
9 coefficient 13 of
10 ( 11 ccc
11 ccc 12 )
13 of 15 indices
14 the 15 indices
16 was 17 used
17 used 18 between
18 between 32 trials
19 the 20 1st
20 1st 21 and
21 and 25 and
21 and 32 trials
22 2nd 23 ,
23 , 24 2nd
23 , 25 and
25 and 28 and
26 3rd 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 and
29 1st 30 and
30 and 31 3rd

young children of 2 - 4 years old exhibit low level of the stability indices repeatability which increases in 5 - year [-] old children , 6 - year [-] olds revealed both low and high [and] 7 - year [-] olds good and high levels of repeatability . 
1 young 2 children
2 children 3 of
2 children 6 4
2 children 9 exhibit
2 children 10 low
3 of 4 2
5 - 6 4
6 4 8 old
6 4 9 exhibit
7 years 8 old
10 low 11 level
11 level 12 of
12 of 16 repeatability
13 the 16 repeatability
14 stability 15 indices
15 indices 16 repeatability
16 repeatability 17 which
16 repeatability 18 increases
17 which 18 increases
18 increases 19 in
18 increases 27 6
19 in 20 5
20 5 25 children
21 - 25 children
22 year 24 old
24 old 25 children
25 children 26 ,
27 6 39 -
28 - 39 -
29 year 31 olds
31 olds 32 revealed
32 revealed 35 and
32 revealed 39 -
33 both 35 and
34 low 35 and
35 and 36 high
35 and 39 -
36 high 38 7
39 - 46 levels
39 - 49 .
40 year 46 levels
42 olds 46 levels
43 good 44 and
44 and 45 high
44 and 46 levels
46 levels 47 of
47 of 48 repeatability

[youngest] children showed higher repeatability of the ellipse area of the left leg , 3 - [and] 4 - year - [olds] the right leg , [while] 6 [-] year - olds again [the] left leg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
2 children 3 showed
3 showed 5 repeatability
4 higher 5 repeatability
5 repeatability 6 of
5 repeatability 10 of
6 of 9 area
7 the 9 area
8 ellipse 9 area
10 of 20 year
11 the 20 year
12 left 20 year
13 leg 20 year
14 , 16 -
15 3 16 -
16 - 18 4
16 - 19 -
16 - 20 year
20 year 25 leg
21 - 25 leg
23 the 25 leg
24 right 25 leg
25 leg 31 -
25 leg 37 .
26 , 31 -
28 6 30 year
30 year 31 -
31 - 36 leg
32 olds 36 leg
33 again 35 left
35 left 36 leg

[in] 5 - and 7 - year [-] olds there were no differences in the repeatability of stability indices between the left and right foot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
3 - 4 and
4 and 5 7
4 and 6 -
5 7 6 -
6 - 9 olds
7 year 9 olds
9 olds 10 there
9 olds 11 were
11 were 13 differences
11 were 14 in
11 were 20 between
12 no 13 differences
14 in 16 repeatability
15 the 16 repeatability
16 repeatability 17 of
17 of 19 indices
18 stability 19 indices
20 between 25 foot
21 the 25 foot
22 left 23 and
23 and 24 right
23 and 25 foot

the comparisons of the repeatability of the velocity index between the left and right leg revealed the difference only in 3 years old children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comparisons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 comparisons
2 comparisons 3 of
2 comparisons 6 of
2 comparisons 16 revealed
3 of 5 repeatability
4 the 5 repeatability
6 of 9 index
7 the 9 index
8 velocity 9 index
9 index 10 between
10 between 15 leg
11 the 15 leg
12 left 13 and
13 and 14 right
13 and 15 leg
16 revealed 18 difference
16 revealed 19 only
16 revealed 20 in
17 the 18 difference
20 in 24 children
21 3 22 years
22 years 24 children
23 old 24 children

posture control development of children can be assessed on the basis of velocity [index] but the cop ellipse area index is better [way] to describe the lateralization process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 posture 3 development
2 control 3 development
3 development 4 of
3 development 6 can
4 of 5 children
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 on
9 on 11 basis
10 the 11 basis
11 basis 12 of
12 of 13 velocity
15 but 20 index
15 but 21 is
16 the 20 index
17 cop 20 index
18 ellipse 20 index
19 area 20 index
20 index 21 is
21 is 22 better
22 better 24 to
24 to 25 describe
25 describe 28 process
26 the 28 process
27 lateralization 28 process

the repeatability of the stability indices is poor from 2 to 4 year of life but increases significantly from 5 to 7 year of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 repeatability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 repeatability
2 repeatability 3 of
2 repeatability 16 but
3 of 6 indices
4 the 6 indices
5 stability 6 indices
7 is 8 poor
7 is 16 but
8 poor 9 from
9 from 13 year
10 2 11 to
11 to 12 4
11 to 13 year
13 year 14 of
14 of 15 life
16 but 17 increases
17 increases 18 significantly
17 increases 19 from
19 from 23 year
20 5 21 to
21 to 22 7
21 to 23 year
23 year 24 of
24 of 25 life

the comparisons of repeatability between the left and right foot indices reflect the developmental process of lateralization of lower limbs in the support function and reveal that the left lower leg is a dominant one in support function while standing [position] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 comparisons
2 comparisons 3 of
2 comparisons 8 and
3 of 4 repeatability
4 repeatability 5 between
5 between 7 left
6 the 7 left
8 and 11 indices
8 and 25 and
9 right 11 indices
10 foot 11 indices
12 reflect 15 process
12 reflect 21 in
12 reflect 25 and
13 the 15 process
14 developmental 15 process
15 process 16 of
16 of 17 lateralization
17 lateralization 18 of
18 of 20 limbs
19 lower 20 limbs
21 in 24 function
22 the 24 function
23 support 24 function
25 and 26 reveal
25 and 39 while
26 reveal 27 that
27 that 31 leg
27 that 32 is
28 the 31 leg
29 left 31 leg
30 lower 31 leg
31 leg 32 is
32 is 38 function
33 a 38 function
34 dominant 38 function
35 one 36 in
36 in 38 function
37 support 38 function
39 while 40 standing

the process of leg lateralization is finishing about 6th year [of] life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 process
2 process 3 of
2 process 6 is
3 of 5 lateralization
4 leg 5 lateralization
6 is 7 finishing
7 finishing 8 about
8 about 12 life
9 6th 12 life
10 year 12 life

in women , sexual function , hormones and aging are inextricably related . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 women
2 women 3 ,
3 , 5 function
3 , 6 ,
4 sexual 5 function
6 , 7 hormones
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 aging
8 and 10 are
10 are 11 inextricably
10 are 12 related

sexual activity in women involves interest and motivation , the ability to become aroused and achieve [orgasm] , the pleasure of the experience and subsequent personal satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 sexual 2 activity
2 activity 3 in
2 activity 5 involves
3 in 4 women
5 involves 7 and
6 interest 7 and
7 and 8 motivation
7 and 11 ability
9 , 11 ability
10 the 11 ability
11 ability 12 to
11 ability 16 achieve
11 ability 18 ,
12 to 15 and
13 become 14 aroused
13 become 15 and
15 and 16 achieve
18 , 24 and
19 the 20 pleasure
20 pleasure 21 of
20 pleasure 24 and
21 of 23 experience
22 the 23 experience
24 and 27 satisfaction
25 subsequent 27 satisfaction
26 personal 27 satisfaction

androgens , as endogenous hormones or given [as] [a] therapy , potentially influence female sexual [function] , [with] research into the effects of exogenous androgens in women mostly devoted to effects [on] sexual [desire] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 androgens
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 , 6 or
2 , 11 ,
3 as 4 endogenous
4 endogenous 5 hormones
5 hormones 6 or
6 or 10 therapy
6 or 11 ,
7 given 10 therapy
11 , 13 influence
12 potentially 13 influence
13 influence 19 research
13 influence 20 into
14 female 19 research
15 sexual 17 ,
15 sexual 19 research
20 into 22 effects
21 the 22 effects
22 effects 23 of
22 effects 26 in
22 effects 29 devoted
23 of 25 androgens
24 exogenous 25 androgens
26 in 27 women
28 mostly 29 devoted
29 devoted 30 to
29 devoted 33 sexual
30 to 31 effects

some studies have been conducted to delineate the effects of testosterone on arousal , however arousal determined [by] laboratory measures does not always correlate with subjective reporting of a sensation [of] arousal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 some 2 studies
1 some 7 delineate
1 some 21 does
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 to
6 to 7 delineate
7 delineate 9 effects
7 delineate 12 on
8 the 9 effects
9 effects 10 of
10 of 11 testosterone
12 on 20 measures
13 arousal 14 ,
13 arousal 19 laboratory
15 however 16 arousal
16 arousal 19 laboratory
17 determined 19 laboratory
19 laboratory 20 measures
21 does 22 not
21 does 24 correlate
23 always 24 correlate
24 correlate 25 with
25 with 27 reporting
25 with 32 arousal
26 subjective 27 reporting
27 reporting 28 of
28 of 30 sensation
29 a 30 sensation

overall large randomised controlled trials of exogenous testosterone show benefits over [placebo] on sexual desire , arousal , orgasm , pleasure and satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 overall 5 trials
2 large 5 trials
3 randomised 5 trials
4 controlled 5 trials
5 trials 6 of
5 trials 9 show
6 of 8 testosterone
7 exogenous 8 testosterone
9 show 10 benefits
9 show 11 over
9 show 13 on
13 on 22 and
14 sexual 15 desire
15 desire 16 ,
16 , 17 arousal
16 , 18 ,
18 , 19 orgasm
18 , 20 ,
20 , 21 pleasure
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 satisfaction

the aspects of consideration of androgen therapy for women that continue to stimulate debate in this therapeutic area include whether female sexual dysfunction is a condition that merits pharmacotherapy , how effective is such treatment and [whether] testosterone therapy is safe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 debate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 2 aspects
2 aspects 3 of
2 aspects 5 of
2 aspects 12 to
2 aspects 13 stimulate
2 aspects 14 debate
3 of 4 consideration
5 of 7 therapy
6 androgen 7 therapy
7 therapy 8 for
8 for 9 women
9 women 10 that
9 women 11 continue
10 that 11 continue
12 to 13 stimulate
14 debate 15 in
14 debate 20 whether
14 debate 26 condition
15 in 19 include
16 this 19 include
17 therapeutic 18 area
18 area 19 include
20 whether 23 dysfunction
20 whether 24 is
21 female 23 dysfunction
22 sexual 23 dysfunction
23 dysfunction 24 is
25 a 26 condition
26 condition 27 that
27 that 28 merits
27 that 29 pharmacotherapy
28 merits 29 pharmacotherapy
30 , 31 how
30 , 33 is
30 , 36 and
31 how 32 effective
32 effective 33 is
33 is 35 treatment
34 such 35 treatment
36 and 39 therapy
36 and 40 is
38 testosterone 39 therapy
39 therapy 40 is
40 is 41 safe

resveratrol , a phytoalexin antioxidant found in red grapes , has been shown to have both chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against many diseases and disorders , including those of the skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 resveratrol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 resveratrol 5 antioxidant
1 resveratrol 11 has
2 , 5 antioxidant
3 a 5 antioxidant
4 phytoalexin 5 antioxidant
5 antioxidant 6 found
5 antioxidant 7 in
5 antioxidant 10 ,
7 in 9 grapes
8 red 9 grapes
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 shown
13 shown 14 to
13 shown 21 against
14 to 15 have
15 have 20 effects
16 both 20 effects
17 chemopreventive 18 and
18 and 19 therapeutic
18 and 20 effects
21 against 24 and
22 many 23 diseases
23 diseases 24 and
24 and 25 disorders
24 and 26 ,
24 and 27 including
24 and 29 of
27 including 28 those
29 of 31 skin
30 the 31 skin

studies have shown protective effects of resveratrol against ultraviolet radiation - mediated oxidative stress and cutaneous damages including skin cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 studies 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 5 effects
3 shown 8 against
4 protective 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 7 resveratrol
8 against 10 radiation
9 ultraviolet 10 radiation
11 - 15 and
11 - 21 .
12 mediated 14 stress
13 oxidative 14 stress
14 stress 15 and
15 and 17 damages
15 and 18 including
16 cutaneous 17 damages
18 including 20 cancer
19 skin 20 cancer

because many of the skin conditions stem from ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress , this antioxidant appears to have promise and prospects against a wide range of cutaneous disorders including skin aging and skin cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 because
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 stem
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 because 2 many
2 many 3 of
2 many 7 stem
3 of 6 conditions
4 the 6 conditions
5 skin 6 conditions
7 stem 8 from
8 from 11 and
9 ultraviolet 10 radiation
10 radiation 11 and
11 and 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
14 , 16 antioxidant
14 , 17 appears
15 this 16 antioxidant
16 antioxidant 17 appears
17 appears 18 to
17 appears 19 have
18 to 19 have
19 have 33 and
20 promise 21 and
21 and 22 prospects
21 and 23 against
21 and 27 of
21 and 33 and
23 against 26 range
24 a 25 wide
24 a 26 range
25 wide 26 range
27 of 29 disorders
28 cutaneous 29 disorders
29 disorders 30 including
30 including 31 skin
31 skin 32 aging
33 and 35 cancers
34 skin 35 cancers

however , there are a few roadblocks in the way of this promising agent regarding its translation from the bench to the bedside . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 7 roadblocks
5 a 6 few
6 few 7 roadblocks
7 roadblocks 8 in
8 in 10 way
9 the 10 way
10 way 11 of
11 of 14 agent
12 this 13 promising
13 promising 14 agent
14 agent 15 regarding
15 regarding 17 translation
15 regarding 21 to
16 its 17 translation
17 translation 18 from
18 from 20 bench
19 the 20 bench
21 to 23 bedside
22 the 23 bedside

this review discusses the promise and prospects of resveratrol in the management of skin disorders and the associated challenges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 6 and
2 review 8 of
2 review 16 and
3 discusses 5 promise
3 discusses 6 and
4 the 5 promise
6 and 7 prospects
8 of 9 resveratrol
9 resveratrol 10 in
10 in 12 management
11 the 12 management
12 management 13 of
13 of 15 disorders
14 skin 15 disorders
16 and 19 challenges
17 the 19 challenges
18 associated 19 challenges

background : musculoskeletal hand pain is common in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 pain
2 : 6 is
2 : 12 .
3 musculoskeletal 5 pain
4 hand 5 pain
5 pain 6 is
6 is 7 common
7 common 8 in
8 in 11 population
9 the 11 population
10 general 11 population

this study aims to investigate [the] [inter] - and [intra] - observer reliability of two trained observers conducting a simple clinical interview and physical examination for hand problems in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 5 investigate
4 to 5 investigate
8 - 9 and
9 and 11 -
9 and 13 reliability
9 and 16 trained
12 observer 13 reliability
13 reliability 14 of
13 reliability 16 trained
14 of 15 two
16 trained 17 observers
16 trained 26 for
16 trained 29 in
17 observers 18 conducting
18 conducting 23 and
19 a 20 simple
19 a 22 interview
20 simple 22 interview
21 clinical 22 interview
22 interview 23 and
23 and 25 examination
24 physical 25 examination
26 for 28 problems
27 hand 28 problems
29 in 31 adults
30 older 31 adults

the reliability of applying the american college of rheumatology ( acr ) criteria for hand osteoarthritis to community [-] dwelling older adults will also be investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reliability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 reliability
2 reliability 3 of
2 reliability 23 will
3 of 4 applying
4 applying 13 criteria
4 applying 17 to
5 the 13 criteria
6 american 13 criteria
7 college 8 of
7 college 11 acr
8 of 9 rheumatology
10 ( 11 acr
11 acr 12 )
11 acr 13 criteria
13 criteria 14 for
14 for 16 osteoarthritis
15 hand 16 osteoarthritis
17 to 22 adults
18 community 20 dwelling
20 dwelling 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
23 will 25 be
24 also 25 be
25 be 26 investigated

methods : fifty - five participants aged 50 years [and] over with a current self - reported hand problem [and] registered with one general practice were recruited from a previous health questionnaire study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 participants
3 fifty 4 -
4 - 5 five
4 - 6 participants
6 participants 7 aged
6 participants 22 with
7 aged 11 over
7 aged 16 -
7 aged 21 registered
8 50 9 years
9 years 11 over
11 over 12 with
12 with 15 self
13 a 15 self
14 current 15 self
17 reported 18 hand
18 hand 19 problem
19 problem 21 registered
22 with 23 one
23 one 25 practice
23 one 26 were
23 one 27 recruited
24 general 25 practice
25 practice 26 were
27 recruited 28 from
28 from 33 study
29 a 33 study
30 previous 31 health
31 health 33 study
32 questionnaire 33 study

participants underwent a standardised [,] structured clinical interview and physical examination by two independent trained observers [and] again by one of these observers a month later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 participants 2 underwent
2 underwent 9 and
2 underwent 12 by
2 underwent 18 again
2 underwent 19 by
3 a 8 interview
4 standardised 8 interview
6 structured 8 interview
7 clinical 8 interview
8 interview 9 and
9 and 11 examination
10 physical 11 examination
12 by 16 observers
13 two 16 observers
14 independent 16 observers
15 trained 16 observers
19 by 20 one
20 one 21 of
21 of 23 observers
22 these 23 observers
23 observers 26 later
24 a 25 month
25 month 26 later

agreement beyond chance was summarised using kappa statistics and [intra] [-] class correlation coefficients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 agreement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 summarised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 agreement 2 beyond
1 agreement 4 was
2 beyond 3 chance
4 was 5 summarised
5 summarised 6 using
6 using 9 and
7 kappa 8 statistics
8 statistics 9 and
9 and 14 coefficients
12 class 14 coefficients
13 correlation 14 coefficients

results : median values [for] inter - and [intra] - observer reliability for clinical interview questions were found to be " substantial " and " moderate " respectively [[] median agreement beyond chance ( kappa ) was [0.75] ( range [:] - 0.03 , 0.93 ) [for] inter - observer ratings [and] 0.57 ( range [:] - 0.02 , 1.00 ) [for] [intra] - observer ratings ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 median
3 median 4 values
3 median 6 inter
4 values 6 inter
7 - 8 and
8 and 10 -
10 - 12 reliability
11 observer 12 reliability
12 reliability 13 for
12 reliability 20 be
13 for 15 interview
14 clinical 15 interview
15 interview 16 questions
15 interview 19 to
16 questions 17 were
17 were 18 found
18 found 19 to
20 be 21 "
20 be 30 median
22 substantial 23 "
22 substantial 24 and
24 and 25 "
24 and 26 moderate
24 and 30 median
26 moderate 27 "
26 moderate 28 respectively
30 median 31 agreement
30 median 37 was
31 agreement 32 beyond
31 agreement 37 was
32 beyond 33 chance
33 chance 35 kappa
34 ( 35 kappa
35 kappa 36 )
37 was 49 -
39 ( 49 -
40 range 43 0.03
40 range 48 inter
40 range 49 -
42 - 43 0.03
43 0.03 45 0.93
43 0.03 48 inter
44 , 45 0.93
45 0.93 46 )
49 - 51 ratings
50 observer 51 ratings
51 ratings 53 0.57
51 ratings 57 -
54 ( 57 -
55 range 57 -
57 - 58 0.02
57 - 68 .
58 0.02 60 1.00
58 0.02 66 ratings
59 , 60 1.00
60 1.00 61 )
64 - 66 ratings
65 observer 66 ratings
66 ratings 67 ]

moderate agreement was observed both between [and] [within] observers when applying the acr criteria for hand osteoarthritis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 moderate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moderate 2 agreement
1 moderate 3 was
1 moderate 4 observed
2 agreement 3 was
4 observed 5 both
4 observed 6 between
4 observed 10 when
6 between 9 observers
10 when 11 applying
11 applying 14 criteria
12 the 14 criteria
13 acr 14 criteria
14 criteria 15 for
15 for 17 osteoarthritis
16 hand 17 osteoarthritis

conclusion : standardised , structured clinical interview [is] reliable [for] taking a [history] in community - dwelling older adults with self reported hand problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 standardised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 standardised
4 , 15 community
4 , 16 -
5 structured 7 interview
6 clinical 7 interview
7 interview 15 community
9 reliable 15 community
11 taking 15 community
12 a 14 in
14 in 15 community
16 - 19 adults
17 dwelling 19 adults
18 older 19 adults
19 adults 20 with
20 with 24 problems
21 self 24 problems
22 reported 23 hand
23 hand 24 problems

agreement between [and] [within] observers for physical examination items is variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 agreement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 agreement 2 between
1 agreement 10 is
2 between 5 observers
5 observers 6 for
6 for 9 items
7 physical 8 examination
8 examination 9 items
10 is 11 variable

low kappa values may have resulted , [in] part , from a low prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms in the study participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 low
1 low 2 kappa
2 kappa 3 values
2 kappa 9 part
2 kappa 11 from
3 values 4 may
4 may 7 ,
5 have 6 resulted
5 have 7 ,
7 , 9 part
10 , 11 from
11 from 18 and
11 from 24 .
12 a 13 low
12 a 14 prevalence
13 low 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 of
14 prevalence 18 and
15 of 17 signs
16 clinical 17 signs
18 and 19 symptoms
18 and 20 in
20 in 23 participants
21 the 23 participants
22 study 23 participants

the decision to use clinical interview [and] hand assessment variables in clinical practice or further research in primary care should include consideration of clinical applicability and training alongside reliability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 decision
2 decision 3 to
2 decision 14 or
2 decision 20 should
3 to 14 or
4 use 10 variables
4 use 11 in
4 use 14 or
5 clinical 10 variables
6 interview 8 hand
8 hand 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 variables
11 in 13 practice
12 clinical 13 practice
14 or 15 further
15 further 16 research
15 further 17 in
17 in 19 care
18 primary 19 care
20 should 21 include
21 include 26 and
22 consideration 23 of
22 consideration 26 and
23 of 25 applicability
24 clinical 25 applicability
26 and 27 training
26 and 28 alongside
28 alongside 29 reliability

further investigation is required to determine the relationship between these clinical questions and assessments and the clinical course of hand pain and hand problems in community [-] dwelling older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 further 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 is
3 is 4 required
4 required 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 8 relationship
6 determine 25 in
7 the 8 relationship
8 relationship 9 between
8 relationship 19 of
9 between 15 and
10 these 12 questions
11 clinical 12 questions
12 questions 13 and
13 and 14 assessments
13 and 15 and
15 and 18 course
16 the 18 course
17 clinical 18 course
19 of 22 and
20 hand 21 pain
21 pain 22 and
22 and 24 problems
23 hand 24 problems
25 in 30 adults
26 community 28 dwelling
28 dwelling 30 adults
29 older 30 adults

apoptosis and autophagic cell death are programmed cell deaths that are involved in cell survival , growth , development and carcinogenesis . p53 , the most extensively studied tumor suppressor , regulates apoptosis and autophagy by transactivating its downstream genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 apoptosis 2 and
2 and 5 death
2 and 6 are
3 autophagic 4 cell
4 cell 5 death
6 are 9 deaths
7 programmed 9 deaths
8 cell 9 deaths
9 deaths 10 that
9 deaths 11 are
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 involved
12 involved 13 in
13 in 20 and
14 cell 15 survival
15 survival 16 ,
16 , 17 growth
16 , 18 ,
18 , 19 development
18 , 20 and
20 and 21 carcinogenesis
22 . 23 p53
22 . 32 regulates
22 . 41 .
23 p53 30 suppressor
23 p53 32 regulates
24 , 30 suppressor
25 the 30 suppressor
26 most 27 extensively
27 extensively 28 studied
28 studied 29 tumor
29 tumor 30 suppressor
30 suppressor 31 ,
32 regulates 34 and
33 apoptosis 34 and
34 and 35 autophagy
34 and 36 by
36 by 37 transactivating
37 transactivating 40 genes
38 its 40 genes
39 downstream 40 genes

it also stimulates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and inhibits autophagy in a transactivation - independent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 8 and
2 also 3 stimulates
3 stimulates 7 pathway
3 stimulates 8 and
4 the 7 pathway
5 mitochondrial 7 pathway
6 apoptotic 7 pathway
8 and 9 inhibits
9 inhibits 10 autophagy
9 inhibits 11 in
11 in 13 transactivation
12 a 13 transactivation
14 - 16 manner
15 independent 16 manner

however , the contribution of apoptosis and autophagic cell death to p53 - dependent cell death is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 contribution
3 the 4 contribution
4 contribution 5 of
4 contribution 17 is
5 of 7 and
6 apoptosis 7 and
7 and 10 death
7 and 11 to
8 autophagic 9 cell
9 cell 10 death
11 to 16 death
12 p53 13 -
12 p53 15 cell
14 dependent 15 cell
15 cell 16 death
17 is 18 unclear

using wild - type [(] wt [ )(and mutant ( mt ) p53 inducible cell lines in tp53 - null sf126 glioblastoma cells , we examined the apoptosis and autophagic cell death induced by p53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 lines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 using 8 )(and
1 using 16 lines
2 wild 3 -
2 wild 4 type
4 type 6 wt
6 wt 8 )(and
8 )(and 15 cell
9 mutant 11 mt
9 mutant 12 )
9 mutant 15 cell
10 ( 11 mt
11 mt 12 )
13 p53 15 cell
14 inducible 15 cell
16 lines 17 in
16 lines 18 tp53
16 lines 34 by
18 tp53 23 cells
18 tp53 33 induced
19 - 23 cells
20 null 23 cells
21 sf126 23 cells
22 glioblastoma 23 cells
23 cells 24 ,
24 , 33 induced
25 we 26 examined
26 examined 29 and
26 examined 33 induced
27 the 28 apoptosis
28 apoptosis 29 and
29 and 32 death
29 and 33 induced
30 autophagic 31 cell
31 cell 32 death
34 by 35 p53

wt p53 expression in sf126 cells induced apoptosis and autophagy , and reduced the cell number . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 wt 3 expression
2 p53 3 expression
3 expression 4 in
3 expression 12 and
4 in 6 cells
5 sf126 6 cells
7 induced 9 and
7 induced 12 and
8 apoptosis 9 and
9 and 10 autophagy
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 reduced
13 reduced 16 number
14 the 16 number
15 cell 16 number

an autophagy inhibitor reduced autophagy , increased the [s] [-] phase fraction , and attenuated the inhibition [of] cell proliferation induced by wt p53 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibitor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 an 2 autophagy
1 an 3 inhibitor
2 autophagy 3 inhibitor
3 inhibitor 6 ,
4 reduced 5 autophagy
4 reduced 6 ,
6 , 14 and
7 increased 12 fraction
7 increased 14 and
8 the 12 fraction
11 phase 12 fraction
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 attenuated
15 attenuated 20 proliferation
15 attenuated 22 by
16 the 20 proliferation
17 inhibition 20 proliferation
19 cell 20 proliferation
20 proliferation 21 induced
22 by 24 p53
23 wt 24 p53

pan [-] caspase inhibitor reduced apoptosis but showed weaker inhibition of [cell] [proliferation] than the autophagy inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 pan 6 apoptosis
1 pan 7 but
3 caspase 5 reduced
4 inhibitor 5 reduced
5 reduced 6 apoptosis
7 but 8 showed
8 showed 10 inhibition
8 showed 17 inhibitor
9 weaker 10 inhibition
10 inhibition 11 of
11 of 14 than
15 the 17 inhibitor
16 autophagy 17 inhibitor

we concluded that p53 - dependent cell death in sf126 cells comprises caspase - dependent and caspase - independent apoptosis and autophagic cell death , and the induction of autophagy as well as apoptosis could be a new strategy to treat some type of wt p53 - retaining tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 we 2 concluded
2 concluded 4 p53
3 that 4 p53
5 - 8 death
5 - 12 comprises
5 - 18 -
5 - 36 be
6 dependent 7 cell
7 cell 8 death
8 death 9 in
8 death 12 comprises
9 in 11 cells
10 sf126 11 cells
12 comprises 13 caspase
13 caspase 16 and
14 - 16 and
15 dependent 16 and
16 and 17 caspase
16 and 18 -
18 - 36 be
19 independent 20 apoptosis
20 apoptosis 21 and
21 and 24 death
21 and 26 and
22 autophagic 23 cell
23 cell 24 death
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 induction
26 and 35 could
27 the 28 induction
28 induction 29 of
28 induction 33 as
29 of 30 autophagy
31 as 32 well
32 well 33 as
33 as 34 apoptosis
35 could 36 be
36 be 39 strategy
36 be 40 to
37 a 38 new
37 a 39 strategy
38 new 39 strategy
40 to 41 treat
41 treat 43 type
42 some 43 type
43 type 44 of
44 of 49 tumors
45 wt 49 tumors
46 p53 47 -
46 p53 49 tumors
48 retaining 49 tumors

it is well established that memory formation and retention involve the coordinated flow of information from the post - synaptic site [of] particular neuronal populations to the nucleus , where short and long - lasting modifications of gene expression occur . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 well
2 is 4 established
4 established 5 that
5 that 8 and
5 that 10 involve
6 memory 7 formation
7 formation 8 and
8 and 9 retention
8 and 10 involve
10 involve 13 flow
10 involve 16 from
10 involve 30 where
11 the 13 flow
12 coordinated 13 flow
13 flow 14 of
14 of 15 information
16 from 18 post
17 the 18 post
18 post 25 populations
19 - 25 populations
20 synaptic 21 site
21 site 23 particular
23 particular 25 populations
24 neuronal 25 populations
25 populations 26 to
25 populations 29 ,
26 to 28 nucleus
27 the 28 nucleus
30 where 32 and
30 where 40 occur
31 short 32 and
32 and 36 modifications
32 and 37 of
32 and 40 occur
33 long 34 -
33 long 36 modifications
35 lasting 36 modifications
37 of 39 expression
38 gene 39 expression

with age , mnemonic , motor and sensorial alterations occur , and it is believed that extra failures in the mechanisms used for memory formation and storage are the cause of neurodegenerative pathologies like alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 with 7 and
1 with 9 alterations
2 age 3 ,
3 , 6 motor
3 , 7 and
4 mnemonic 5 ,
4 mnemonic 6 motor
7 and 8 sensorial
9 alterations 10 occur
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 it
12 and 15 believed
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 believed
15 believed 16 that
16 that 18 failures
16 that 28 are
17 extra 18 failures
18 failures 19 in
18 failures 22 used
18 failures 28 are
19 in 21 mechanisms
20 the 21 mechanisms
22 used 23 for
23 for 26 and
24 memory 25 formation
25 formation 26 and
26 and 27 storage
28 are 30 cause
29 the 30 cause
30 cause 31 of
31 of 33 pathologies
32 neurodegenerative 33 pathologies
33 pathologies 34 like
34 like 37 disease
35 alzheimer 36 's
36 's 37 disease

a prime candidate responsible for damage and loss of function [during] aging is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species , derived from normal oxidative metabolism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 candidate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 a 2 prime
1 a 3 candidate
2 prime 3 candidate
3 candidate 4 responsible
3 candidate 9 of
3 candidate 20 ,
4 responsible 5 for
5 for 7 and
6 damage 7 and
7 and 8 loss
9 of 12 aging
10 function 12 aging
13 is 15 accumulation
13 is 20 ,
14 the 15 accumulation
15 accumulation 16 of
16 of 19 species
17 reactive 18 oxygen
18 oxygen 19 species
20 , 21 derived
20 , 22 from
22 from 25 metabolism
23 normal 25 metabolism
24 oxidative 25 metabolism

however , dysfunction in the aged brain is not paralleled by an increase in neuronal death , [indicative] that the brain is better suited to fight against the death signals generated from reactive oxygen species than against loss - of [-] function stimuli . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 dysfunction
3 dysfunction 4 in
3 dysfunction 8 is
4 in 7 brain
5 the 7 brain
6 aged 7 brain
8 is 9 not
8 is 11 by
9 not 10 paralleled
11 by 13 increase
12 an 13 increase
13 increase 14 in
14 in 16 death
15 neuronal 16 death
17 , 19 that
17 , 26 fight
19 that 21 brain
19 that 26 fight
20 the 21 brain
21 brain 22 is
22 is 23 better
22 is 24 suited
24 suited 25 to
25 to 26 fight
26 fight 27 against
26 fight 32 from
26 fight 36 than
27 against 29 death
28 the 29 death
29 death 30 signals
29 death 31 generated
30 signals 31 generated
32 from 35 species
33 reactive 34 oxygen
34 oxygen 35 species
36 than 37 against
37 against 38 loss
38 loss 40 of
39 - 40 of
40 of 43 stimuli
40 of 44 .
42 function 43 stimuli

a main aim of this laboratory is to understand how neurons perform and survive in the constitutive stress background represented by aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 represented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 3 aim
2 main 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 7 is
4 of 6 laboratory
5 this 6 laboratory
7 is 8 to
7 is 20 represented
8 to 9 understand
9 understand 10 how
10 how 11 neurons
10 how 13 and
11 neurons 13 and
12 perform 13 and
13 and 14 survive
14 survive 15 in
15 in 19 background
16 the 19 background
17 constitutive 18 stress
18 stress 19 background
20 represented 21 by
21 by 22 aging

in this report , we summarize our recent findings in relation to survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 report
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 report
5 we 6 summarize
6 summarize 9 findings
6 summarize 12 to
7 our 9 findings
8 recent 9 findings
10 in 11 relation
11 relation 12 to
12 to 13 survival

lipids are essential for the structural and functional integrity of membranes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lipids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 lipids 2 are
2 are 3 essential
3 essential 4 for
4 for 9 integrity
5 the 9 integrity
6 structural 7 and
7 and 8 functional
7 and 9 integrity
9 integrity 10 of
10 of 11 membranes

membrane lipids are not randomly distributed but [are] localized in different domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lipids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 membrane 2 lipids
2 lipids 3 are
3 are 4 not
3 are 7 but
5 randomly 6 distributed
6 distributed 7 but
7 but 9 localized
9 localized 10 in
10 in 12 domains
11 different 12 domains

a common characteristic of these membrane domains is their association with cholesterol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characteristic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 a 2 common
1 a 3 characteristic
2 common 3 characteristic
3 characteristic 4 of
3 characteristic 8 is
4 of 7 domains
5 these 7 domains
6 membrane 7 domains
8 is 10 association
9 their 10 association
10 association 11 with
11 with 12 cholesterol

lipid rafts and caveolae are examples of cholesterol enriched domains , which have attracted keen interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 lipid 2 rafts
2 rafts 3 and
3 and 4 caveolae
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 examples
6 examples 7 of
7 of 10 domains
8 cholesterol 9 enriched
9 enriched 10 domains
11 , 12 which
11 , 14 attracted
12 which 13 have
13 have 14 attracted
14 attracted 16 interest
15 keen 16 interest

however , two other important cholesterol domains are the exofacial and cytofacial leaflets of the plasma membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 domains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 7 domains
3 two 4 other
4 other 7 domains
5 important 6 cholesterol
6 cholesterol 7 domains
7 domains 8 are
8 are 13 leaflets
9 the 13 leaflets
10 exofacial 11 and
11 and 12 cytofacial
11 and 13 leaflets
13 leaflets 14 of
14 of 17 membrane
15 the 17 membrane
16 plasma 17 membrane

the two leaflets that make up the bilayer differ in their fluidity , electrical charge , lipid distribution , and active sites of certain proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leaflets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 two
2 two 3 leaflets
3 leaflets 4 that
3 leaflets 5 make
3 leaflets 9 differ
4 that 5 make
5 make 6 up
5 make 8 bilayer
7 the 8 bilayer
9 differ 10 in
10 in 20 and
11 their 12 fluidity
12 fluidity 13 ,
13 , 15 charge
13 , 16 ,
14 electrical 15 charge
16 , 18 distribution
16 , 20 and
17 lipid 18 distribution
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 sites
20 and 23 of
21 active 22 sites
23 of 25 proteins
24 certain 25 proteins

the synaptic plasma membrane ( spm ) [cytofacial] [leaflet] contains over 85 % of the total spm cholesterol as compared with the exofacial leaflet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 membrane
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 contains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 4 membrane
2 synaptic 3 plasma
3 plasma 4 membrane
4 membrane 6 spm
4 membrane 10 contains
5 ( 6 spm
6 spm 7 )
10 contains 13 %
10 contains 21 with
11 over 12 85
12 85 13 %
13 % 14 of
14 of 18 cholesterol
15 the 18 cholesterol
16 total 18 cholesterol
17 spm 18 cholesterol
18 cholesterol 20 compared
19 as 20 compared
21 with 24 leaflet
22 the 24 leaflet
23 exofacial 24 leaflet

this asymmetric distribution of cholesterol is not fixed [or] immobile but can be modified by different conditions in vivo : [(] [i] [ )(chronic ethanol consumption ; ( ii ) statins [;] ( iii ) [aging] [;] [and] ( iv ) apoe isoform . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 this 2 asymmetric
2 asymmetric 3 distribution
3 distribution 4 of
3 distribution 11 but
4 of 5 cholesterol
6 is 7 not
6 is 10 immobile
6 is 11 but
7 not 8 fixed
11 but 12 can
12 can 13 be
13 be 14 modified
14 modified 15 by
14 modified 19 vivo
15 by 17 conditions
16 different 17 conditions
18 in 19 vivo
20 : 26 consumption
20 : 27 ;
24 )(chronic 25 ethanol
25 ethanol 26 consumption
27 ; 31 statins
27 ; 42 apoe
28 ( 29 ii
29 ii 30 )
29 ii 31 statins
31 statins 34 iii
31 statins 40 iv
31 statins 42 apoe
33 ( 34 iii
34 iii 35 )
39 ( 40 iv
40 iv 41 )
42 apoe 43 isoform

several potential candidates have been proposed as mechanisms involved in regulation of spm cholesterol asymmetry : apoe , low - density lipoprotein receptor , sterol carrier protein - 2 , fatty acid binding proteins , polyunsaturated fatty acids , p - glycoprotein and caveolin - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
2 potential 3 candidates
2 potential 5 been
2 potential 6 proposed
3 candidates 4 have
4 have 5 been
6 proposed 7 as
6 proposed 10 in
7 as 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 involved
10 in 11 regulation
11 regulation 12 of
12 of 15 asymmetry
13 spm 14 cholesterol
14 cholesterol 15 asymmetry
16 : 23 receptor
16 : 24 ,
16 : 28 -
17 apoe 18 ,
17 apoe 23 receptor
19 low 20 -
19 low 23 receptor
21 density 22 lipoprotein
22 lipoprotein 23 receptor
24 , 27 protein
25 sterol 27 protein
26 carrier 27 protein
28 - 29 2
29 2 34 proteins
29 2 38 acids
29 2 43 and
30 , 34 proteins
31 fatty 32 acid
32 acid 33 binding
33 binding 34 proteins
34 proteins 35 ,
35 , 38 acids
36 polyunsaturated 38 acids
37 fatty 38 acids
38 acids 40 p
38 acids 41 -
39 , 40 p
40 p 41 -
41 - 43 and
42 glycoprotein 43 and
43 and 44 caveolin
43 and 46 1
43 and 47 .
45 - 46 1
46 1 47 .

this review examines cholesterol asymmetry in spm , potential mechanisms of regulation and impact on membrane structure and function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 examines
3 examines 5 asymmetry
3 examines 6 in
3 examines 15 on
4 cholesterol 5 asymmetry
6 in 13 and
7 spm 8 ,
8 , 10 mechanisms
8 , 13 and
9 potential 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 of
11 of 12 regulation
13 and 14 impact
15 on 18 and
16 membrane 17 structure
17 structure 18 and
18 and 19 function

one of the key questions regarding the pathogenesis of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is [how] amyloid β - protein ( aβ ) , a proteinaceous component of senile plaques , starts to assemble into amyloid fibrils in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 amyloid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 one 2 of
1 one 6 regarding
1 one 14 ad
1 one 16 is
2 of 5 questions
3 the 5 questions
4 key 5 questions
6 regarding 8 pathogenesis
7 the 8 pathogenesis
8 pathogenesis 9 of
9 of 12 disease
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 12 disease
13 ( 14 ad
14 ad 15 )
16 is 18 amyloid
18 amyloid 33 starts
18 amyloid 34 to
19 β 21 protein
19 β 33 starts
20 - 21 protein
21 protein 23 aβ
21 protein 28 component
21 protein 32 ,
22 ( 23 aβ
23 aβ 24 )
25 , 28 component
26 a 27 proteinaceous
26 a 28 component
27 proteinaceous 28 component
28 component 29 of
28 component 32 ,
29 of 31 plaques
30 senile 31 plaques
34 to 35 assemble
35 assemble 36 into
35 assemble 39 in
36 into 38 fibrils
37 amyloid 38 fibrils
39 in 41 brain
40 the 41 brain

a body of evidence is growing to suggest that aβ binds to ganglioside on neuronal membranes , and then [,] is converted to an endogenous seed with an altered conformation ( ganglioside - bound aβ , gaβ ) for amyloid fibril formation in the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 a 2 body
2 body 3 of
2 body 5 is
3 of 4 evidence
5 is 6 growing
6 growing 7 to
6 growing 27 with
7 to 8 suggest
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 10 aβ
9 that 18 and
11 binds 12 to
11 binds 14 on
11 binds 18 and
12 to 13 ganglioside
14 on 16 membranes
15 neuronal 16 membranes
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 is
19 then 21 is
21 is 22 converted
22 converted 23 to
23 to 26 seed
24 an 25 endogenous
24 an 26 seed
25 endogenous 26 seed
27 with 30 conformation
28 an 30 conformation
29 altered 30 conformation
30 conformation 32 ganglioside
31 ( 32 ganglioside
32 ganglioside 33 -
33 - 34 bound
34 bound 35 aβ
34 bound 39 for
34 bound 43 in
35 aβ 37 gaβ
36 , 37 gaβ
37 gaβ 38 )
39 for 42 formation
40 amyloid 41 fibril
41 fibril 42 formation
43 in 45 brain
44 the 45 brain

notably , [the] risk factors for the development of ad , including aging and apolipoprotein e4 , likely facilitate the formation of ganglioside clusters in lipid raft [-] like membrane microdomains at pre - synaptic terminals , which provide a favorable milieu for the gaβ generation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 notably 2 ,
1 notably 4 risk
4 risk 5 factors
4 risk 6 for
6 for 8 development
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 10 ad
11 , 19 facilitate
12 including 14 and
12 including 17 ,
12 including 19 facilitate
13 aging 14 and
14 and 16 e4
14 and 17 ,
15 apolipoprotein 16 e4
18 likely 19 facilitate
19 facilitate 21 formation
20 the 21 formation
21 formation 22 of
21 formation 30 membrane
21 formation 31 microdomains
21 formation 32 at
22 of 23 ganglioside
23 ganglioside 24 clusters
23 ganglioside 29 like
24 clusters 25 in
24 clusters 27 raft
25 in 26 lipid
27 raft 29 like
30 membrane 31 microdomains
32 at 36 terminals
33 pre 34 -
33 pre 36 terminals
35 synaptic 36 terminals
36 terminals 38 which
37 , 38 which
38 which 39 provide
38 which 47 .
39 provide 42 milieu
40 a 42 milieu
41 favorable 42 milieu
42 milieu 43 for
43 for 46 generation
44 the 46 generation
45 gaβ 46 generation

furthermore , it has also been suggested that endocytic pathway abnormality of neurons is involved in the formation of the ganglioside clusters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 it
3 it 4 has
4 has 6 been
5 also 6 been
6 been 7 suggested
7 suggested 8 that
8 that 11 abnormality
8 that 15 involved
9 endocytic 10 pathway
10 pathway 11 abnormality
11 abnormality 12 of
11 abnormality 14 is
12 of 13 neurons
14 is 15 involved
15 involved 16 in
16 in 18 formation
17 the 18 formation
18 formation 19 of
19 of 22 clusters
20 the 22 clusters
21 ganglioside 22 clusters

in this review , the nature of the ganglioside clusters and how gangliosides behave in the clusters leading to the gaβ generation are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 11 and
2 this 3 review
5 the 6 nature
6 nature 7 of
6 nature 11 and
7 of 10 clusters
8 the 10 clusters
9 ganglioside 10 clusters
11 and 12 how
11 and 13 gangliosides
11 and 18 leading
11 and 23 are
13 gangliosides 14 behave
14 behave 15 in
15 in 17 clusters
16 the 17 clusters
17 clusters 18 leading
18 leading 19 to
19 to 22 generation
20 the 22 generation
21 gaβ 22 generation
23 are 24 discussed

the relative roles that ageing and lifelong cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection [have] in shaping naive and memory cd4+ t - cell repertoires in healthy older people is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 12 infection
2 relative 3 roles
3 roles 12 infection
4 that 5 ageing
5 ageing 6 and
6 and 8 cytomegalovirus
6 and 10 cmv
6 and 12 infection
7 lifelong 8 cytomegalovirus
9 ( 10 cmv
10 cmv 11 )
12 infection 14 in
12 infection 28 is
14 in 15 shaping
15 shaping 23 repertoires
15 shaping 24 in
16 naive 17 and
17 and 19 cd4+
17 and 21 -
17 and 23 repertoires
18 memory 19 cd4+
19 cd4+ 20 t
22 cell 23 repertoires
24 in 27 people
25 healthy 27 people
26 older 27 people
28 is 29 unclear

using multiple linear regression analysis we found that age itself is a stronger predictor than [cmv] seropositivity for the decrease in cd45ra+ cd27+ cd4+ [t] cells over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 using
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 using 5 analysis
1 using 10 itself
1 using 11 is
2 multiple 4 regression
3 linear 4 regression
4 regression 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 we
5 analysis 7 found
6 we 7 found
7 found 9 age
8 that 9 age
11 is 14 predictor
11 is 15 than
11 is 21 in
11 is 27 over
12 a 14 predictor
13 stronger 14 predictor
15 than 17 seropositivity
17 seropositivity 18 for
18 for 20 decrease
19 the 20 decrease
21 in 26 cells
22 cd45ra+ 26 cells
23 cd27+ 26 cells
24 cd4+ 26 cells
27 over 28 time

in contrast , the increase in cd45ra⁻ cd27⁻ and cd45ra+ cd27⁻ cd4+ t cells is almost [exclusively] the result of cmv [seropositivity] , with age alone having no significant effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 increase
4 the 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 15 is
6 in 14 cells
7 cd45ra⁻ 8 cd27⁻
8 cd27⁻ 9 and
9 and 12 cd4+
9 and 14 cells
10 cd45ra+ 12 cd4+
11 cd27⁻ 12 cd4+
12 cd4+ 13 t
15 is 16 almost
15 is 19 result
18 the 19 result
19 result 20 of
19 result 24 with
20 of 21 cmv
23 , 24 with
24 with 25 age
24 with 31 .
25 age 27 having
26 alone 27 having
27 having 30 effect
28 no 30 effect
29 significant 30 effect

furthermore , the majority of the cd45ra⁻ cd27⁻ and cd45ra+ cd27⁻ cd4+ [t] cells in cmv - seropositive donors are specific for this virus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cd4+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 9 and
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 9 and
5 of 8 cd27⁻
6 the 8 cd27⁻
7 cd45ra⁻ 8 cd27⁻
9 and 11 cd27⁻
9 and 12 cd4+
10 cd45ra+ 11 cd27⁻
12 cd4+ 14 cells
12 cd4+ 15 in
15 in 16 cmv
17 - 19 donors
17 - 20 are
17 - 25 .
18 seropositive 19 donors
19 donors 20 are
20 are 21 specific
21 specific 22 for
22 for 24 virus
23 this 24 virus

cd45ra+ cd27⁻ cd4+ t cells have significantly reduced cd28 , interleukin - 7 receptor α ( il - 7rα ) and bcl - 2 expression , akt ( ser473 ) phosphorylation and reduced ability to survive after t - cell receptor activation compared with the other t - cell subsets in the same donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cd4+
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reduced
1 cd45ra+ 3 cd4+
2 cd27⁻ 3 cd4+
3 cd4+ 4 t
3 cd4+ 5 cells
3 cd4+ 6 have
3 cd4+ 8 reduced
5 cells 6 have
6 have 7 significantly
8 reduced 9 cd28
9 cd28 11 interleukin
10 , 11 interleukin
11 interleukin 15 α
11 interleukin 25 expression
11 interleukin 27 akt
11 interleukin 55 .
12 - 15 α
13 7 15 α
14 receptor 15 α
15 α 21 and
15 α 23 -
16 ( 21 and
17 il 19 7rα
17 il 21 and
18 - 19 7rα
19 7rα 20 )
21 and 22 bcl
21 and 23 -
23 - 25 expression
24 2 25 expression
25 expression 26 ,
26 , 27 akt
27 akt 32 and
27 akt 55 .
28 ( 32 and
29 ser473 30 )
29 ser473 31 phosphorylation
31 phosphorylation 32 and
32 and 34 ability
32 and 35 to
32 and 36 survive
32 and 37 after
32 and 42 activation
32 and 55 .
33 reduced 34 ability
35 to 36 survive
37 after 38 t
39 - 42 activation
40 cell 41 receptor
41 receptor 42 activation
42 activation 43 compared
42 activation 50 subsets
42 activation 55 .
43 compared 44 with
44 with 46 other
44 with 47 t
45 the 46 other
48 - 50 subsets
49 cell 50 subsets
50 subsets 51 in
50 subsets 55 .
51 in 54 donors
52 the 53 same
52 the 54 donors

despite this , the cd45ra+ cd27⁻ subset is as multifunctional as the cd45ra⁻ d27+ and cd45ra⁻ cd27⁻ cd4+ t - cell subsets , indicating that they are not an exhausted population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
1 despite 2 this
1 despite 3 ,
1 despite 7 subset
4 the 7 subset
5 cd45ra+ 7 subset
6 cd27⁻ 7 subset
7 subset 8 is
8 is 10 multifunctional
9 as 10 multifunctional
10 multifunctional 11 as
11 as 15 and
12 the 14 d27+
13 cd45ra⁻ 14 d27+
14 d27+ 15 and
15 and 18 cd4+
15 and 22 subsets
15 and 24 indicating
16 cd45ra⁻ 17 cd27⁻
17 cd27⁻ 18 cd4+
18 cd4+ 19 t
20 - 22 subsets
21 cell 22 subsets
22 subsets 23 ,
23 , 24 indicating
24 indicating 25 that
24 indicating 32 .
25 that 26 they
25 that 27 are
26 they 27 are
27 are 28 not
27 are 31 population
29 an 31 population
30 exhausted 31 population

in addition , cd45ra+ cd27⁻ cd4+ [t] cells have cytotoxic potential as [they] express high levels of granzyme b and perforin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 8 cells
4 cd45ra+ 8 cells
5 cd27⁻ 8 cells
6 cd4+ 8 cells
8 cells 9 have
9 have 20 and
10 cytotoxic 11 potential
11 potential 12 as
11 potential 20 and
12 as 16 levels
14 express 16 levels
15 high 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
17 of 18 granzyme
18 granzyme 19 b
20 and 21 perforin

cd4+ memory t cells re - expressing cd45ra can be generated from the cd45ra⁻ cd27+ population by the addition of il - 7 and during this process these cells down - regulated expression of il - 7r and bcl - 2 and so resemble their counterparts in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 cd4+ 2 memory
2 memory 3 t
2 memory 4 cells
4 cells 5 re
4 cells 9 can
5 re 6 -
5 re 8 cd45ra
7 expressing 8 cd45ra
9 can 10 be
10 be 11 generated
11 generated 12 from
11 generated 17 by
12 from 16 population
13 the 16 population
14 cd45ra⁻ 16 population
15 cd27+ 16 population
17 by 19 addition
18 the 19 addition
19 addition 20 of
20 of 21 il
22 - 23 7
22 - 24 and
22 - 49 .
24 and 29 cells
24 and 42 and
25 during 27 process
25 during 29 cells
26 this 27 process
28 these 29 cells
29 cells 42 and
30 down 36 -
30 down 41 2
30 down 42 and
31 - 36 -
32 regulated 33 expression
33 expression 34 of
33 expression 36 -
34 of 35 il
36 - 38 and
36 - 40 -
37 7r 38 and
38 and 39 bcl
42 and 44 resemble
43 so 44 resemble
44 resemble 46 counterparts
44 resemble 48 vivo
45 their 46 counterparts
47 in 48 vivo

finally we showed that the proportion of cd45ra+ cd27⁻ cd4+ [t] cells of multiple specificities was significantly higher in the bone marrow than the blood of the same individuals , suggesting that this may be a site where these cells are generated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 finally 2 we
2 we 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 6 proportion
4 that 16 was
5 the 6 proportion
6 proportion 7 of
6 proportion 16 was
7 of 12 cells
8 cd45ra+ 9 cd27⁻
9 cd27⁻ 12 cells
10 cd4+ 12 cells
12 cells 13 of
13 of 15 specificities
14 multiple 15 specificities
16 was 17 significantly
16 was 18 higher
18 higher 19 in
18 higher 23 than
19 in 22 marrow
20 the 22 marrow
21 bone 22 marrow
23 than 25 blood
24 the 25 blood
25 blood 26 of
26 of 29 individuals
27 the 28 same
28 same 29 individuals
30 , 31 suggesting
30 , 35 be
31 suggesting 32 that
31 suggesting 35 be
32 that 33 this
32 that 34 may
33 this 34 may
35 be 37 site
35 be 38 where
36 a 37 site
38 where 40 cells
38 where 42 generated
39 these 40 cells
40 cells 41 are
41 are 42 generated

regeneration , tissue remodeling , and organ repair after injury , which rely on the regulated activity of tissue - borne stem cells , become increasingly compromised with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 compromised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 regeneration 2 ,
2 , 4 remodeling
2 , 6 and
3 tissue 4 remodeling
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 repair
6 and 11 ,
6 and 12 which
6 and 13 rely
6 and 27 compromised
7 organ 8 repair
8 repair 9 after
9 after 10 injury
12 which 13 rely
13 rely 14 on
14 on 17 activity
15 the 17 activity
16 regulated 17 activity
17 activity 18 of
17 activity 25 become
18 of 19 tissue
19 tissue 23 cells
20 - 23 cells
21 borne 22 stem
22 stem 23 cells
23 cells 24 ,
26 increasingly 27 compromised
27 compromised 28 with
28 with 29 advancing
29 advancing 30 age

mesenchymal stroma cells were isolated from bone [of] differently aged healthy donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mesenchymal 3 cells
2 stroma 3 cells
3 cells 4 were
4 were 5 isolated
5 isolated 6 from
6 from 12 donors
7 bone 12 donors
9 differently 10 aged
10 aged 12 donors
11 healthy 12 donors

in cd106 ( bright ) mscs , the abundance of a panel of stemness transcription factors remained unchanged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 abundance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 2 cd106
1 in 9 abundance
3 ( 4 bright
4 bright 5 )
4 bright 9 abundance
6 mscs 7 ,
6 mscs 9 abundance
8 the 9 abundance
9 abundance 10 of
9 abundance 17 remained
10 of 12 panel
11 a 12 panel
12 panel 13 of
13 of 16 factors
14 stemness 16 factors
15 transcription 16 factors
17 remained 18 unchanged

because the cd106 level could be further enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines , we considered the rate of vcam - 1 expression to be a good reflection of an endogenous inflammatory milieu to which the mscs are exposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 be
1 because 3 cd106
1 because 8 enhanced
1 because 12 ,
1 because 13 we
2 the 3 cd106
3 cd106 4 level
3 cd106 6 be
3 cd106 8 enhanced
4 level 5 could
5 could 6 be
7 further 8 enhanced
8 enhanced 9 by
8 enhanced 11 cytokines
9 by 10 proinflammatory
13 we 14 considered
14 considered 16 rate
14 considered 21 expression
14 considered 22 to
15 the 16 rate
16 rate 17 of
17 of 18 vcam
19 - 20 1
20 1 21 expression
22 to 23 be
23 be 26 reflection
24 a 26 reflection
25 good 26 reflection
26 reflection 27 of
27 of 31 milieu
28 an 29 endogenous
28 an 31 milieu
29 endogenous 31 milieu
30 inflammatory 31 milieu
31 milieu 32 to
32 to 33 which
32 to 35 mscs
32 to 37 exposed
34 the 35 mscs
35 mscs 36 are
36 are 37 exposed
37 exposed 38 .

treatment of mscs with increasing doses [of] interferon - [γ] [exerted] no immediate influence on their self - renewal capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 interferon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 treatment 2 of
1 treatment 8 interferon
2 of 3 mscs
3 mscs 4 with
4 with 5 increasing
5 increasing 6 doses
9 - 14 influence
9 - 18 -
12 no 14 influence
13 immediate 14 influence
14 influence 15 on
15 on 17 self
16 their 17 self
18 - 20 capacity
19 renewal 20 capacity

however , it impacted on the differentiation potential toward the adipogenic or osteogenic lineage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 it
3 it 4 impacted
4 impacted 5 on
4 impacted 8 potential
4 impacted 9 toward
5 on 7 differentiation
6 the 7 differentiation
9 toward 14 lineage
10 the 14 lineage
11 adipogenic 12 or
12 or 13 osteogenic
12 or 14 lineage

moderately elevated levels of inflammatory stimuli supported osteoblastogenesis whereas the same treatment reduced adipogenic differentiation in mscs from young and intermediately aged donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 moderately 2 elevated
2 elevated 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 7 supported
4 of 6 stimuli
5 inflammatory 6 stimuli
7 supported 8 osteoblastogenesis
7 supported 9 whereas
9 whereas 12 treatment
9 whereas 13 reduced
10 the 11 same
10 the 12 treatment
12 treatment 13 reduced
13 reduced 15 differentiation
13 reduced 16 in
14 adipogenic 15 differentiation
16 in 17 mscs
17 mscs 18 from
18 from 23 donors
19 young 20 and
20 and 22 aged
20 and 23 donors
21 intermediately 22 aged

in mscs from elderly donors , however , osteoblastogenesis [was] greatly diminished in an inflammatory environment whereas adipogenic differentiation remained unchanged . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 osteoblastogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 diminished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 mscs
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 osteoblastogenesis
2 mscs 3 from
3 from 5 donors
4 elderly 5 donors
6 , 7 however
7 however 8 ,
7 however 9 osteoblastogenesis
9 osteoblastogenesis 12 diminished
11 greatly 12 diminished
12 diminished 13 in
12 diminished 17 whereas
13 in 16 environment
14 an 15 inflammatory
14 an 16 environment
15 inflammatory 16 environment
17 whereas 19 differentiation
17 whereas 20 remained
18 adipogenic 19 differentiation
19 differentiation 20 remained
20 remained 21 unchanged

conclusively , moderate levels of inflammatory stimuli are being interpreted by mscs at a young age as instructive signals for osteoblastogenesis , whereas at old age , an inflammatory milieu may effectively suppress bone remodeling and repair by tissue - borne mscs while uninterrupted adipogenic differentiation may lead to adipose upgrowth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 interpreted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 conclusively 2 ,
1 conclusively 4 levels
3 moderate 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 8 are
5 of 7 stimuli
6 inflammatory 7 stimuli
8 are 9 being
9 being 10 interpreted
10 interpreted 11 by
10 interpreted 13 at
11 by 12 mscs
13 at 16 age
14 a 15 young
14 a 16 age
15 young 16 age
16 age 17 as
17 as 19 signals
18 instructive 19 signals
19 signals 20 for
20 for 21 osteoblastogenesis
22 , 46 differentiation
22 , 48 lead
23 whereas 30 milieu
23 whereas 33 suppress
23 whereas 46 differentiation
24 at 26 age
24 at 27 ,
24 at 30 milieu
25 old 26 age
28 an 30 milieu
29 inflammatory 30 milieu
30 milieu 31 may
31 may 33 suppress
32 effectively 33 suppress
33 suppress 36 and
34 bone 35 remodeling
35 remodeling 36 and
36 and 37 repair
36 and 40 -
36 and 41 borne
37 repair 38 by
38 by 39 tissue
42 mscs 46 differentiation
43 while 44 uninterrupted
43 while 46 differentiation
45 adipogenic 46 differentiation
46 differentiation 47 may
47 may 48 lead
48 lead 49 to
49 to 51 upgrowth
50 adipose 51 upgrowth

hiv clinical care now involves prevention and treatment of age - associated comorbidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 hiv 3 care
1 hiv 5 involves
1 hiv 12 associated
2 clinical 3 care
3 care 5 involves
4 now 5 involves
5 involves 7 and
6 prevention 7 and
7 and 8 treatment
7 and 11 -
8 treatment 9 of
9 of 10 age
12 associated 13 comorbidity

although physical function [is] [an] established [correlate] [to] comorbidity in older adults without hiv infection , its role in aging of hiv - infected adults is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 well
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 although 9 comorbidity
1 although 26 is
1 although 28 well
2 physical 9 comorbidity
3 function 6 established
6 established 9 comorbidity
9 comorbidity 10 in
9 comorbidity 26 is
10 in 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 without
13 without 14 hiv
14 hiv 15 infection
14 hiv 24 infected
15 infection 18 role
15 infection 24 infected
16 , 18 role
17 its 18 role
18 role 19 in
18 role 21 of
18 role 23 -
19 in 20 aging
21 of 22 hiv
24 infected 25 adults
26 is 27 not
28 well 29 understood

to [investigate] this question we conducted cross - sectional analyses including linear regression models of physical function in 3227 hiv - infected and 3240 uninfected patients enrolled 2002 - 2006 in the veterans aging cohort study - 8 - site ( vacs - 8 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 to 4 question
1 to 7 cross
3 this 4 question
4 question 5 we
4 question 6 conducted
5 we 6 conducted
8 - 10 analyses
9 sectional 10 analyses
10 analyses 11 including
10 analyses 15 of
10 analyses 18 in
11 including 14 models
12 linear 13 regression
13 regression 14 models
15 of 17 function
16 physical 17 function
18 in 19 3227
19 3227 23 and
19 3227 27 enrolled
20 hiv 22 infected
20 hiv 23 and
21 - 22 infected
23 and 26 patients
23 and 27 enrolled
24 3240 25 uninfected
25 uninfected 26 patients
27 enrolled 29 -
27 enrolled 31 in
28 2002 29 -
29 - 30 2006
31 in 36 study
32 the 36 study
33 veterans 34 aging
34 aging 35 cohort
35 cohort 36 study
36 study 38 8
36 study 40 site
37 - 38 8
38 8 39 -
39 - 40 site
40 site 43 -
40 site 46 .
41 ( 43 -
42 vacs 43 -
43 - 44 8
43 - 45 )

baseline self - [reported] physical [function] correlated with the short form - 12 physical subscale [(] ρ = 0.74 , p < 0.001 ) , and predicted survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 baseline 2 self
3 - 26 and
5 physical 7 correlated
5 physical 26 and
7 correlated 8 with
8 with 11 form
9 the 11 form
10 short 11 form
11 form 13 12
12 - 13 12
13 12 17 ρ
13 12 18 =
13 12 25 ,
14 physical 17 ρ
15 subscale 17 ρ
17 ρ 18 =
18 = 22 <
19 0.74 22 <
20 , 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 )
26 and 28 survival
27 predicted 28 survival

across the age groups decline [in] physical function per year was greater in hiv - infected patients ( β ( coef ) - 0.25 , p < 0.001 ) compared to uninfected patients ( β ( coef ) - 0.08 , p = 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 across
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 across 11 was
2 the 8 function
3 age 8 function
4 groups 5 decline
5 decline 8 function
7 physical 8 function
8 function 9 per
8 function 11 was
9 per 10 year
11 was 12 greater
12 greater 13 in
13 in 14 hiv
14 hiv 17 patients
15 - 17 patients
16 infected 17 patients
17 patients 19 β
17 patients 22 )
18 ( 19 β
19 β 21 coef
19 β 22 )
20 ( 21 coef
21 coef 22 )
23 - 24 0.25
23 - 30 compared
23 - 46 .
24 0.25 27 <
24 0.25 30 compared
25 , 27 <
26 p 27 <
27 < 28 0.001
27 < 29 )
30 compared 31 to
30 compared 40 0.08
31 to 33 patients
32 uninfected 33 patients
33 patients 35 β
34 ( 35 β
35 β 37 coef
35 β 39 -
36 ( 37 coef
37 coef 38 )
40 0.08 43 =
41 , 43 =
42 p 43 =
43 = 44 0.03
43 = 45 )

this difference , [although] statistically significant ( p < 0.01 ) , was small . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 difference
2 difference 6 significant
2 difference 13 was
3 , 6 significant
5 statistically 6 significant
6 significant 9 <
6 significant 12 ,
7 ( 9 <
8 p 9 <
9 < 10 0.01
9 < 11 )
13 was 14 small

function in the average 50 - year old hiv - infected subject was equivalent to the average 51.5 - [year] - old uninfected subject . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 function 2 in
1 function 11 infected
1 function 13 was
2 in 4 average
3 the 4 average
4 average 5 50
4 average 9 hiv
6 - 9 hiv
7 year 9 hiv
8 old 9 hiv
9 hiv 10 -
11 infected 12 subject
13 was 14 equivalent
14 equivalent 15 to
14 equivalent 19 -
15 to 17 average
16 the 17 average
18 51.5 19 -
19 - 21 -
21 - 24 subject
22 old 24 subject
23 uninfected 24 subject

history of cardiovascular disease was a significant predictor [of] poor function , but the effect was similar across groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 history
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 history 2 of
1 history 5 was
2 of 4 disease
3 cardiovascular 4 disease
5 was 11 function
6 a 7 significant
6 a 11 function
7 significant 8 predictor
8 predictor 11 function
10 poor 11 function
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 effect
13 but 16 was
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 was
16 was 17 similar
17 similar 18 across
18 across 19 groups

chronic pulmonary disease had a differential effect on function [by] hiv status ( δβ ( coef ) - 3.5 , p = 0.03 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 chronic 3 disease
2 pulmonary 3 disease
3 disease 4 had
4 had 7 effect
4 had 8 on
4 had 22 =
5 a 7 effect
6 differential 7 effect
8 on 12 status
9 function 12 status
11 hiv 12 status
12 status 14 δβ
13 ( 14 δβ
14 δβ 16 coef
14 δβ 18 -
15 ( 16 coef
16 coef 17 )
19 3.5 22 =
20 , 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.03
22 = 24 )

a 50 [-] year [-] old hiv [-] infected subject with chronic pulmonary disease had the equivalent level [of] function as a 68.1 [-] year [-] old uninfected subject with chronic pulmonary disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 7 hiv
2 50 4 year
4 year 6 old
6 old 7 hiv
7 hiv 9 infected
7 hiv 15 had
9 infected 10 subject
10 subject 11 with
11 with 14 disease
12 chronic 14 disease
13 pulmonary 14 disease
15 had 18 level
15 had 20 function
16 the 18 level
17 equivalent 18 level
20 function 21 as
20 function 30 with
21 as 29 subject
22 a 29 subject
23 68.1 25 year
25 year 27 old
27 old 28 uninfected
28 uninfected 29 subject
30 with 33 disease
31 chronic 33 disease
32 pulmonary 33 disease

we conclude that age - associated comorbidity affects physical function [in] hiv - infected patients , and may modify the effect of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 4 age
3 that 4 age
5 - 7 comorbidity
5 - 17 and
5 - 24 .
6 associated 7 comorbidity
7 comorbidity 17 and
8 affects 12 hiv
8 affects 17 and
9 physical 10 function
10 function 12 hiv
12 hiv 15 patients
13 - 15 patients
14 infected 15 patients
15 patients 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 may
18 may 19 modify
19 modify 21 effect
20 the 21 effect
21 effect 22 of
22 of 23 aging

longitudinal research with markers of disease severity is needed to investigate loss of physical function [with] aging , and to develop age - specific hiv care guidelines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 longitudinal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
1 longitudinal 2 research
1 longitudinal 8 is
1 longitudinal 9 needed
2 research 3 with
2 research 8 is
3 with 4 markers
4 markers 5 of
5 of 7 severity
6 disease 7 severity
9 needed 10 to
9 needed 19 and
10 to 19 and
11 investigate 12 loss
11 investigate 19 and
12 loss 13 of
13 of 17 aging
14 physical 15 function
15 function 17 aging
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 to
19 and 21 develop
20 to 21 develop
21 develop 22 age
23 - 27 guidelines
23 - 28 .
24 specific 26 care
25 hiv 26 care
26 care 27 guidelines

children recognize children 's faces more accurately than adult faces , and adults recognize adult faces more accurately than children 's faces ( e.g [.] , anastasi & rhodes , 2005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recognize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 children 2 recognize
2 recognize 5 faces
2 recognize 7 accurately
2 recognize 8 than
2 recognize 19 than
3 children 4 's
4 's 5 faces
6 more 7 accurately
8 than 12 and
8 than 14 recognize
9 adult 10 faces
10 faces 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 adults
12 and 14 recognize
14 recognize 16 faces
14 recognize 18 accurately
15 adult 16 faces
17 more 18 accurately
19 than 22 faces
20 children 21 's
21 's 22 faces
22 faces 24 e.g
22 faces 29 rhodes
23 ( 24 e.g
24 e.g 26 ,
26 , 29 rhodes
27 anastasi 28 &
28 & 29 rhodes
29 rhodes 31 2005
29 rhodes 32 )
30 , 31 2005
31 2005 32 )

this is the own - age bias . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 7 bias
3 the 4 own
3 the 7 bias
4 own 5 -
6 age 7 bias

research has shown that this bias is at least partially based on experience since trainee teachers show less [of] an [own] [-] age bias than do other adults ( harrison & hole , 2009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 research 2 has
2 has 3 shown
3 shown 4 that
4 that 6 bias
4 that 11 based
5 this 6 bias
6 bias 7 is
7 is 9 least
7 is 11 based
8 at 9 least
10 partially 11 based
11 based 12 on
11 based 14 since
12 on 13 experience
14 since 16 teachers
14 since 17 show
15 trainee 16 teachers
16 teachers 17 show
17 show 18 less
17 show 24 bias
17 show 25 than
20 an 24 bias
23 age 24 bias
25 than 26 do
26 do 28 adults
27 other 28 adults
28 adults 32 hole
28 adults 34 2009
29 ( 32 hole
30 harrison 31 &
31 & 32 hole
32 hole 33 ,
33 , 34 2009
34 2009 35 )

the present research tested the own - age bias in three groups of children ( age 4 - 6 , 7 - 9 , 10 - 12 years ) and a group of adults in the recognition of three age groups of faces ( age 7 - 9 , 20 - 22 , and 65 - 90 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 the 3 research
2 present 3 research
3 research 4 tested
4 tested 30 and
4 tested 35 in
5 the 6 own
5 the 9 bias
6 own 7 -
8 age 9 bias
9 bias 10 in
9 bias 30 and
10 in 12 groups
11 three 12 groups
12 groups 13 of
12 groups 22 -
12 groups 28 years
13 of 14 children
14 children 16 age
15 ( 16 age
16 age 17 4
16 age 19 6
16 age 20 ,
18 - 19 6
19 6 20 ,
20 , 22 -
21 7 22 -
22 - 23 9
22 - 24 ,
24 , 28 years
25 10 26 -
26 - 27 12
26 - 28 years
28 years 29 )
30 and 32 group
30 and 33 of
31 a 32 group
33 of 34 adults
35 in 37 recognition
36 the 37 recognition
37 recognition 38 of
38 of 54 and
39 three 41 groups
40 age 41 groups
41 groups 42 of
41 groups 54 and
42 of 43 faces
43 faces 45 age
44 ( 45 age
45 age 47 -
45 age 50 20
45 age 53 ,
46 7 47 -
47 - 48 9
49 , 50 20
50 20 52 22
50 20 53 ,
51 - 52 22
52 22 53 ,
53 , 54 and
54 and 58 years
54 and 59 )
55 65 56 -
56 - 57 90
56 - 58 years

results showed [an] own - age bias for 7 - to 9 [-] year - old children and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 4 own
2 showed 17 children
2 showed 18 and
4 own 7 bias
4 own 11 to
5 - 7 bias
6 age 7 bias
7 bias 8 for
7 bias 10 -
8 for 9 7
10 - 11 to
11 to 14 year
11 to 15 -
12 9 14 year
16 old 17 children
18 and 19 adults

specifically , children could recognize faces more accurately if they were less than two years different from their own age than if they were more than two years older or younger . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recognize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 3 children
3 children 4 could
4 could 5 recognize
5 recognize 6 faces
5 recognize 8 accurately
5 recognize 9 if
5 recognize 12 less
5 recognize 13 than
5 recognize 22 if
7 more 8 accurately
9 if 10 they
9 if 11 were
10 they 11 were
13 than 15 years
13 than 20 age
14 two 15 years
15 years 16 different
15 years 20 age
16 different 17 from
17 from 19 own
18 their 19 own
20 age 21 than
22 if 23 they
22 if 24 were
23 they 24 were
24 were 28 years
24 were 30 or
25 more 26 than
26 than 27 two
27 two 28 years
29 older 30 or
30 or 31 younger

these results are discussed in terms of short - term experience with faces creating biases , and this rapidly changes with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 in
4 discussed 12 with
5 in 6 terms
6 terms 7 of
7 of 11 experience
8 short 9 -
8 short 10 term
10 term 11 experience
12 with 13 faces
13 faces 14 creating
14 creating 15 biases
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 this
17 and 20 changes
18 this 20 changes
19 rapidly 20 changes
20 changes 21 with
21 with 22 age

this study examined health disparities and the potential intervention role of social engagement in eliminating health disparities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 6 and
3 examined 14 in
4 health 5 disparities
5 disparities 6 and
6 and 10 role
6 and 11 of
7 the 10 role
8 potential 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 role
11 of 13 engagement
12 social 13 engagement
14 in 15 eliminating
15 eliminating 17 disparities
16 health 17 disparities

using a sample of 85 older women of 101 senior center participants in the city of pittsburgh , this study found that racial differences existed in senior center activity participation and physical functioning between white and [non] - white women , and the sustained activity engagement was associated with physical functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 using 3 sample
1 using 13 in
1 using 18 ,
1 using 20 study
2 a 3 sample
3 sample 4 of
4 of 7 women
5 85 7 women
6 older 7 women
7 women 8 of
8 of 12 participants
9 101 12 participants
10 senior 12 participants
11 center 12 participants
13 in 15 city
14 the 15 city
15 city 16 of
16 of 17 pittsburgh
19 this 20 study
20 study 21 found
21 found 22 that
22 that 24 differences
22 that 25 existed
23 racial 24 differences
24 differences 25 existed
25 existed 26 in
25 existed 34 between
26 in 31 and
27 senior 30 participation
28 center 30 participation
29 activity 30 participation
30 participation 31 and
31 and 32 physical
31 and 33 functioning
34 between 35 white
36 and 38 -
36 and 46 engagement
36 and 48 associated
39 white 40 women
40 women 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 45 activity
42 and 46 engagement
43 the 45 activity
44 sustained 45 activity
46 engagement 47 was
47 was 48 associated
48 associated 49 with
49 with 51 functioning
50 physical 51 functioning

the activity participation model explained more variance in physical functioning among older women than in the whole sample , including both males and females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explained
1 the 4 model
2 activity 4 model
3 participation 4 model
4 model 5 explained
5 explained 7 variance
5 explained 8 in
5 explained 11 among
5 explained 14 than
6 more 7 variance
8 in 10 functioning
9 physical 10 functioning
11 among 13 women
12 older 13 women
14 than 15 in
15 in 18 sample
16 the 18 sample
17 whole 18 sample
18 sample 20 including
19 , 20 including
20 including 23 and
20 including 25 .
21 both 23 and
22 males 23 and
23 and 24 females

the findings indicated that older women who participated in senior center activity for a sustained period experienced fewer functional limitations and chronic conditions than those short - term participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 6 women
4 that 17 experienced
5 older 6 women
6 women 7 who
6 women 8 participated
6 women 17 experienced
7 who 8 participated
8 participated 9 in
9 in 12 activity
10 senior 11 center
11 center 12 activity
12 activity 13 for
13 for 16 period
14 a 16 period
15 sustained 16 period
17 experienced 21 and
17 experienced 24 than
18 fewer 20 limitations
19 functional 20 limitations
20 limitations 21 and
21 and 23 conditions
22 chronic 23 conditions
24 than 29 participants
25 those 29 participants
26 short 27 -
26 short 28 term
28 term 29 participants

the study discussed the importance of senior centers as a community [-] based resource in providing social integration through a variety of activities among [non] [-] white older women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 discussed
3 discussed 5 importance
3 discussed 9 as
3 discussed 15 in
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 8 centers
7 senior 8 centers
9 as 14 resource
10 a 14 resource
11 community 13 based
13 based 14 resource
15 in 16 providing
16 providing 18 integration
16 providing 19 through
16 providing 24 among
17 social 18 integration
19 through 21 variety
20 a 21 variety
21 variety 22 of
22 of 23 activities
24 among 29 women
27 white 29 women
28 older 29 women

despite consistent reports over many years of a greater prevalence of depression among women , mechanisms underlying the gender difference remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 despite 3 reports
1 despite 15 ,
1 despite 16 mechanisms
2 consistent 3 reports
3 reports 4 over
4 over 6 years
5 many 6 years
6 years 7 of
7 of 10 prevalence
8 a 10 prevalence
9 greater 10 prevalence
10 prevalence 11 of
11 of 12 depression
12 depression 13 among
13 among 14 women
16 mechanisms 17 underlying
16 mechanisms 21 remain
17 underlying 20 difference
18 the 20 difference
19 gender 20 difference
21 remain 22 unclear

mechanisms relevant to immigrant elderly populations are virtually unexplored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 mechanisms 2 relevant
1 mechanisms 7 are
2 relevant 3 to
3 to 6 populations
4 immigrant 6 populations
5 elderly 6 populations
7 are 9 unexplored
8 virtually 9 unexplored

the present study examined gender variations in depressive symptoms using a community sample of 230 older korean american immigrants [(] m ( age ) = 69.8 ; standard deviation = 7.05 [ )(in florida . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examined
4 examined 5 gender
4 examined 25 =
5 gender 6 variations
5 gender 13 sample
5 gender 14 of
5 gender 25 =
6 variations 7 in
6 variations 10 using
6 variations 13 sample
7 in 9 symptoms
8 depressive 9 symptoms
10 using 12 community
11 a 12 community
14 of 19 immigrants
15 230 19 immigrants
16 older 17 korean
17 korean 19 immigrants
18 american 19 immigrants
19 immigrants 21 m
19 immigrants 23 age
22 ( 23 age
23 age 24 )
25 = 26 69.8
27 ; 29 deviation
27 ; 30 =
28 standard 29 deviation
29 deviation 30 =
30 = 31 7.05
31 7.05 33 )(in
33 )(in 34 florida

we were interested in examining not only mean differences but gender differences in the impact of demographic variables ( age , marital status , and education ) , health constraints ( chronic conditions and functional disability ) , and personal resources ( sense of control , social network , and acculturation ) on depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
1 we 2 were
2 were 3 interested
3 interested 4 in
4 in 5 examining
5 examining 10 but
5 examining 13 in
6 not 7 only
7 only 10 but
8 mean 9 differences
9 differences 10 but
10 but 12 differences
11 gender 12 differences
13 in 15 impact
14 the 15 impact
15 impact 16 of
16 of 18 variables
17 demographic 18 variables
18 variables 20 age
19 ( 20 age
20 age 21 ,
21 , 39 and
22 marital 23 status
23 status 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 education
25 and 27 )
25 and 30 constraints
25 and 39 and
28 , 30 constraints
29 health 30 constraints
30 constraints 34 and
30 constraints 37 )
31 ( 34 and
32 chronic 33 conditions
33 conditions 34 and
34 and 36 disability
34 and 37 )
35 functional 36 disability
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 resources
39 and 50 and
40 personal 41 resources
42 ( 50 and
43 sense 44 of
43 sense 46 ,
44 of 45 control
46 , 48 network
46 , 50 and
47 social 48 network
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 acculturation
50 and 52 )
50 and 53 on
50 and 56 .
53 on 55 symptoms
54 depressive 55 symptoms

consistent with previous literature , women scored higher on depressive symptoms than men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 consistent 2 with
1 consistent 5 ,
1 consistent 6 women
2 with 4 literature
3 previous 4 literature
6 women 7 scored
7 scored 8 higher
8 higher 9 on
8 higher 12 than
9 on 11 symptoms
10 depressive 11 symptoms
12 than 13 men

in a hierarchical regression model , women and those with more chronic conditions , greater functional disability , and lower sense of control were found to have more depressive symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 5 model
1 in 6 ,
1 in 19 and
2 a 3 hierarchical
2 a 5 model
3 hierarchical 4 regression
4 regression 5 model
7 women 8 and
8 and 9 those
8 and 10 with
8 and 17 disability
8 and 19 and
10 with 13 conditions
11 more 12 chronic
12 chronic 13 conditions
14 , 17 disability
15 greater 17 disability
16 functional 17 disability
17 disability 18 ,
19 and 21 sense
19 and 22 of
19 and 24 were
20 lower 21 sense
22 of 23 control
24 were 25 found
25 found 26 to
26 to 27 have
27 have 30 symptoms
28 more 30 symptoms
29 depressive 30 symptoms

the interaction of gender - by [-] chronic conditions [was] found to be significant , and further analysis indicated that the association of chronic conditions with mental well [-] being was stronger for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 interaction
2 interaction 3 of
2 interaction 16 and
3 of 4 gender
4 gender 6 by
5 - 6 by
6 by 9 conditions
6 by 15 ,
8 chronic 9 conditions
9 conditions 11 found
11 found 12 to
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 significant
16 and 18 analysis
16 and 19 indicated
17 further 18 analysis
19 indicated 20 that
20 that 22 association
20 that 31 was
21 the 22 association
22 association 23 of
22 association 31 was
23 of 25 conditions
24 chronic 25 conditions
25 conditions 26 with
26 with 30 being
27 mental 30 being
28 well 30 being
31 was 32 stronger
32 stronger 33 for
33 for 34 women

the findings suggest that among older korean immigrants , women are at particular risk of declining psychological well - being in the face of physical health problems and call attention to the need for interventions designed to promote their physical and mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 10 women
4 that 11 are
5 among 8 immigrants
5 among 9 ,
5 among 10 women
6 older 7 korean
7 korean 8 immigrants
10 women 11 are
11 are 12 at
11 are 20 being
12 at 14 risk
13 particular 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 18 well
16 declining 18 well
17 psychological 18 well
19 - 20 being
20 being 21 in
20 being 31 to
20 being 44 .
21 in 28 and
22 the 23 face
23 face 24 of
23 face 28 and
24 of 27 problems
25 physical 26 health
26 health 27 problems
28 and 30 attention
29 call 30 attention
31 to 33 need
32 the 33 need
33 need 34 for
33 need 36 designed
33 need 37 to
33 need 38 promote
34 for 35 interventions
37 to 38 promote
38 promote 41 and
39 their 41 and
40 physical 41 and
41 and 43 health
41 and 44 .
42 mental 43 health

adult romantic attachment styles reflect ways of relating in close relationships and [are] associated with depression and negative emotionality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 styles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 adult 2 romantic
2 romantic 4 styles
3 attachment 4 styles
4 styles 12 and
5 reflect 6 ways
5 reflect 9 in
5 reflect 12 and
6 ways 7 of
7 of 8 relating
9 in 11 relationships
10 close 11 relationships
12 and 14 associated
12 and 15 with
15 with 17 and
16 depression 17 and
17 and 19 emotionality
18 negative 19 emotionality

we estimated the extent to which dimensions of romantic attachment and negative emotionality share genetic or environmental risk factors in 1,237 middle - aged men in the vietnam era twin study of aging ( vetsa [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
1 we 2 estimated
2 estimated 4 extent
2 estimated 26 in
3 the 4 extent
4 extent 5 to
5 to 6 which
5 to 11 and
5 to 24 aged
7 dimensions 8 of
7 dimensions 11 and
8 of 10 attachment
9 romantic 10 attachment
11 and 22 middle
11 and 23 -
11 and 24 aged
12 negative 22 middle
13 emotionality 14 share
14 share 22 middle
15 genetic 16 or
16 or 19 factors
16 or 20 in
16 or 22 middle
17 environmental 19 factors
18 risk 19 factors
20 in 21 1,237
24 aged 25 men
26 in 31 study
27 the 31 study
28 vietnam 29 era
29 era 30 twin
30 twin 31 study
31 study 32 of
32 of 35 vetsa
33 aging 35 vetsa
34 ( 35 vetsa
35 vetsa 37 )(

a common genetic factor largely explained the covariance between attachment - related anxiety , attachment - related avoidance , depressive symptoms , and two measures of negative emotionality : stress - reaction ( anxiety ) , and alienation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 a 4 factor
2 common 4 factor
3 genetic 4 factor
4 factor 6 explained
5 largely 6 explained
6 explained 8 covariance
6 explained 9 between
7 the 8 covariance
9 between 10 attachment
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 anxiety
12 related 14 ,
14 , 15 attachment
14 , 29 :
15 attachment 29 :
16 - 17 related
17 related 23 and
17 related 29 :
18 avoidance 19 ,
19 , 21 symptoms
19 , 23 and
20 depressive 21 symptoms
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 measures
24 two 25 measures
25 measures 26 of
26 of 28 emotionality
27 negative 28 emotionality
29 : 37 and
30 stress 32 reaction
30 stress 37 and
31 - 32 reaction
32 reaction 34 anxiety
32 reaction 36 ,
33 ( 34 anxiety
34 anxiety 35 )
37 and 38 alienation

multivariate results supported genetic and environmental differences in attachment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 multivariate 2 results
2 results 3 supported
3 supported 7 differences
3 supported 8 in
4 genetic 5 and
5 and 6 environmental
5 and 7 differences
8 in 9 attachment

attachment - related anxiety and attachment - related avoidance were each influenced by additional genetic factors not shared with other measures ; the genetic correlation between the attachment measure [-] specific genetic factors was 0.41 , indicating some , but not complete overlap of genetic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 influenced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 attachment 2 -
1 attachment 5 and
3 related 4 anxiety
4 anxiety 5 and
5 and 6 attachment
5 and 7 -
5 and 10 were
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 avoidance
8 related 10 were
10 were 12 influenced
11 each 12 influenced
12 influenced 13 by
13 by 16 factors
14 additional 16 factors
15 genetic 16 factors
16 factors 17 not
17 not 18 shared
18 shared 19 with
19 with 21 measures
20 other 21 measures
22 ; 25 correlation
22 ; 34 was
23 the 25 correlation
24 genetic 25 correlation
25 correlation 26 between
25 correlation 34 was
26 between 33 factors
27 the 33 factors
28 attachment 33 factors
29 measure 33 factors
31 specific 33 factors
32 genetic 33 factors
34 was 35 0.41
34 was 37 indicating
34 was 40 but
36 , 37 indicating
37 indicating 38 some
37 indicating 39 ,
40 but 41 not
40 but 43 overlap
41 not 42 complete
42 complete 43 overlap
43 overlap 44 of
44 of 46 factors
45 genetic 46 factors

genetically informative longitudinal studies on attachment relationship dimensions can help to illuminate the role of relationship [-] based risk factors in healthy aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 genetically 2 informative
2 informative 4 studies
3 longitudinal 4 studies
4 studies 5 on
4 studies 9 can
5 on 8 dimensions
6 attachment 8 dimensions
7 relationship 8 dimensions
9 can 10 help
10 help 11 to
10 help 12 illuminate
11 to 12 illuminate
12 illuminate 14 role
12 illuminate 21 in
13 the 14 role
14 role 15 of
15 of 20 factors
16 relationship 18 based
18 based 20 factors
19 risk 20 factors
21 in 23 aging
22 healthy 23 aging

the pathologic hallmarks of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) include senile plaque , neurofibrillary tangles ( nfts ) , synaptic loss , and neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hallmarks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 hallmarks
2 pathologic 3 hallmarks
3 hallmarks 4 of
3 hallmarks 11 include
4 of 7 disease
5 alzheimer 6 's
6 's 7 disease
7 disease 9 ad
8 ( 9 ad
9 ad 10 )
11 include 13 plaque
12 senile 13 plaque
13 plaque 16 tangles
14 , 16 tangles
15 neurofibrillary 16 tangles
16 tangles 18 nfts
16 tangles 19 )
17 ( 18 nfts
18 nfts 19 )
20 , 24 and
21 synaptic 22 loss
22 loss 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 neurodegeneration

senile plaque and nfts are formed by accumulation of amyloid - β ( aβ ) and hyperphosphorylated tau , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
1 senile 2 plaque
2 plaque 3 and
3 and 4 nfts
3 and 5 are
5 are 16 and
6 formed 7 by
6 formed 16 and
7 by 8 accumulation
8 accumulation 9 of
9 of 10 amyloid
10 amyloid 12 β
11 - 12 β
12 β 14 aβ
12 β 15 )
13 ( 14 aβ
14 aβ 15 )
16 and 17 hyperphosphorylated
16 and 18 tau
16 and 20 respectively
19 , 20 respectively
20 respectively 21 .

progressive synaptic dysfunction and loss closely correlate with cognitive deficits in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 progressive 3 dysfunction
2 synaptic 3 dysfunction
3 dysfunction 4 and
4 and 5 loss
4 and 7 correlate
6 closely 7 correlate
7 correlate 8 with
7 correlate 11 in
8 with 10 deficits
9 cognitive 10 deficits
11 in 12 ad

based on studies of the genes responsible for familial ad and temporal patterns of pathologic changes in ad brains , the aβ accumulation is thought to be a primary event that influences other ad pathologies in the developmental cascade of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 20 ,
1 based 23 accumulation
2 on 11 and
3 studies 4 of
3 studies 11 and
4 of 6 genes
5 the 6 genes
6 genes 7 responsible
7 responsible 8 for
8 for 10 ad
9 familial 10 ad
11 and 13 patterns
11 and 14 of
12 temporal 13 patterns
14 of 16 changes
15 pathologic 16 changes
16 changes 17 in
17 in 19 brains
18 ad 19 brains
21 the 23 accumulation
22 aβ 23 accumulation
23 accumulation 24 is
24 is 25 thought
25 thought 26 to
25 thought 31 that
25 thought 32 influences
26 to 27 be
27 be 30 event
28 a 30 event
29 primary 30 event
31 that 32 influences
32 influences 35 pathologies
32 influences 36 in
33 other 35 pathologies
34 ad 35 pathologies
36 in 39 cascade
37 the 39 cascade
38 developmental 39 cascade
39 cascade 40 of
40 of 41 ad

however , the details of aβ effects on the other ad pathologies remain poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 details
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 details
3 the 4 details
4 details 5 of
4 details 13 remain
5 of 7 effects
6 aβ 7 effects
7 effects 8 on
8 on 12 pathologies
9 the 10 other
10 other 12 pathologies
11 ad 12 pathologies
13 remain 15 understood
14 poorly 15 understood

in this review , we provide an overview of the effects of aβ in ad brains , especially focusing on synaptic dysfunction and microglia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 provide
6 provide 8 overview
6 provide 20 on
7 an 8 overview
8 overview 9 of
9 of 11 effects
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 13 aβ
13 aβ 14 in
13 aβ 19 focusing
14 in 16 brains
15 ad 16 brains
17 , 19 focusing
18 especially 19 focusing
20 on 23 and
21 synaptic 22 dysfunction
22 dysfunction 23 and
23 and 24 microglia

we have recently found abnormal accumulation of a key molecule for actin assembly [in] nfts of ad brains , and it was revealed that the accumulation requires not only tau pathology but also an aβ burden in a study using transgenic mouse models of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 found
3 recently 4 found
4 found 6 accumulation
4 found 18 brains
5 abnormal 6 accumulation
6 accumulation 7 of
7 of 10 molecule
8 a 10 molecule
9 key 10 molecule
10 molecule 11 for
11 for 12 actin
13 assembly 18 brains
15 nfts 16 of
15 nfts 18 brains
16 of 17 ad
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 it
20 and 23 revealed
21 it 22 was
22 was 23 revealed
23 revealed 24 that
24 that 26 accumulation
24 that 27 requires
25 the 26 accumulation
26 accumulation 27 requires
27 requires 33 also
28 not 29 only
29 only 33 also
30 tau 31 pathology
31 pathology 33 also
32 but 33 also
33 also 36 burden
34 an 36 burden
35 aβ 36 burden
36 burden 37 in
36 burden 44 of
37 in 39 study
38 a 39 study
39 study 40 using
40 using 43 models
41 transgenic 42 mouse
42 mouse 43 models
44 of 45 ad

synaptic integrity is morphologically maintained by the precise regulation of actin [assembly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 integrity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 synaptic 2 integrity
2 integrity 3 is
3 is 5 maintained
4 morphologically 5 maintained
5 maintained 6 by
6 by 9 regulation
7 the 9 regulation
8 precise 9 regulation
9 regulation 10 of
10 of 11 actin

therefore , the results suggest the possibility that aβ may promote [nft] maturation and induce synaptic dysfunction through the disturbance of actin [assembly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 results
3 the 4 results
4 results 14 and
5 suggest 7 possibility
5 suggest 14 and
6 the 7 possibility
7 possibility 8 that
8 that 9 aβ
8 that 11 promote
9 aβ 10 may
10 may 11 promote
11 promote 13 maturation
14 and 15 induce
15 induce 17 dysfunction
15 induce 18 through
16 synaptic 17 dysfunction
18 through 20 disturbance
19 the 20 disturbance
20 disturbance 21 of
21 of 22 actin

thus aβ seems to be a promoting factor in brain aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aβ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 thus 2 aβ
2 aβ 3 seems
3 seems 4 to
3 seems 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 8 factor
6 a 8 factor
7 promoting 8 factor
8 factor 9 in
9 in 10 brain
10 brain 11 aging

on the other hand , we have studied microglial phagocytic ability for a compensatory pathologic reaction to aβ accumulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 we
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 we 7 have
7 have 8 studied
8 studied 11 ability
8 studied 17 to
9 microglial 11 ability
10 phagocytic 11 ability
11 ability 12 for
12 for 16 reaction
13 a 14 compensatory
13 a 16 reaction
14 compensatory 16 reaction
15 pathologic 16 reaction
17 to 19 accumulation
18 aβ 19 accumulation

further studies on the aβ - dependent ad pathologies may contribute to determining novel mechanisms of ad development and new therapeutic targets in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 further
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
3 on 5 aβ
4 the 5 aβ
6 - 9 pathologies
6 - 11 contribute
7 dependent 9 pathologies
8 ad 9 pathologies
9 pathologies 10 may
10 may 11 contribute
11 contribute 12 to
11 contribute 23 in
12 to 13 determining
13 determining 19 and
14 novel 15 mechanisms
15 mechanisms 16 of
15 mechanisms 19 and
16 of 18 development
17 ad 18 development
19 and 22 targets
20 new 22 targets
21 therapeutic 22 targets
23 in 24 ad

zfra ( zinc finger - like protein that regulates apoptosis ) is [a] naturally occurring short peptide consisting of 31 amino acids , which regulates tumor necrosis factor ( tnf [ )(- mediated cell death by interacting with receptor adaptor protein tradd ( tnf receptorassociated death domain protein ) and downstream jnk ( c - [jun] n - terminal kinase [ )(, nf - κb ( nuclear factor kappa b ) and wwox/wox1 ( ww domain - containing oxidoreductase ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 zfra
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
1 zfra 4 finger
1 zfra 12 is
2 ( 4 finger
3 zinc 4 finger
4 finger 6 like
4 finger 11 )
5 - 6 like
6 like 7 protein
6 like 11 )
7 protein 8 that
7 protein 9 regulates
8 that 9 regulates
9 regulates 10 apoptosis
12 is 14 naturally
12 is 17 peptide
15 occurring 17 peptide
16 short 17 peptide
17 peptide 18 consisting
17 peptide 24 which
18 consisting 19 of
19 of 22 acids
20 31 22 acids
21 amino 22 acids
23 , 24 which
24 which 25 regulates
25 regulates 28 factor
25 regulates 32 )(-
25 regulates 36 by
26 tumor 27 necrosis
27 necrosis 28 factor
29 ( 32 )(-
30 tnf 32 )(-
32 )(- 35 death
33 mediated 35 death
34 cell 35 death
36 by 37 interacting
37 interacting 38 with
38 with 41 protein
38 with 50 and
39 receptor 40 adaptor
40 adaptor 41 protein
42 tradd 48 protein
42 tradd 50 and
43 ( 48 protein
44 tnf 45 receptorassociated
45 receptorassociated 47 domain
46 death 47 domain
47 domain 48 protein
48 protein 49 )
50 and 52 jnk
50 and 58 -
51 downstream 52 jnk
53 ( 58 -
54 c 55 -
55 - 57 n
55 - 58 -
58 - 60 kinase
59 terminal 60 kinase
60 kinase 72 and
62 )(, 72 and
63 nf 65 κb
63 nf 72 and
64 - 65 κb
65 κb 69 kappa
65 κb 71 )
66 ( 69 kappa
67 nuclear 69 kappa
68 factor 69 kappa
69 kappa 70 b
69 kappa 71 )
72 and 73 wwox/wox1
72 and 76 domain
72 and 78 containing
72 and 81 .
74 ( 76 domain
75 ww 76 domain
76 domain 77 -
77 - 78 containing
78 containing 79 oxidoreductase
78 containing 80 )

cytochrome [c] [release] is generally considered as a pivotal step in apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cytochrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 cytochrome 4 is
4 is 5 generally
4 is 6 considered
6 considered 7 as
6 considered 11 in
7 as 10 step
8 a 9 pivotal
8 a 10 step
9 pivotal 10 step
11 in 12 apoptosis

remarkably , overexpressed zfra induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway , which involves suppression of bcl - 2 and bcl - xl expression ( without causing cytochrome [c] release ) , counteracting the apoptotic function of tumor suppressor p53 and wwox , and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential for ultimately leading to cell death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 zfra
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 remarkably 2 ,
1 remarkably 4 zfra
3 overexpressed 4 zfra
4 zfra 5 induces
5 induces 6 apoptosis
5 induces 7 via
7 via 10 pathway
8 the 10 pathway
9 mitochondrial 10 pathway
11 , 12 which
12 which 13 involves
13 involves 14 suppression
13 involves 21 -
14 suppression 15 of
15 of 16 bcl
17 - 21 -
18 2 19 and
19 and 20 bcl
20 bcl 21 -
21 - 23 expression
22 xl 23 expression
23 expression 25 without
23 expression 32 counteracting
24 ( 25 without
25 without 26 causing
25 without 30 )
26 causing 29 release
27 cytochrome 29 release
31 , 32 counteracting
32 counteracting 43 and
33 the 35 function
34 apoptotic 35 function
35 function 36 of
35 function 40 and
36 of 39 p53
37 tumor 39 p53
38 suppressor 39 p53
40 and 41 wwox
40 and 42 ,
40 and 43 and
43 and 44 dissipation
43 and 55 .
44 dissipation 45 of
45 of 48 potential
46 mitochondrial 47 membrane
47 membrane 48 potential
48 potential 49 for
49 for 51 leading
50 ultimately 51 leading
51 leading 52 to
52 to 54 death
53 cell 54 death

control of cellular aging and apoptosis by zfra , p53 and wwox is discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 control 2 of
1 control 7 by
1 control 13 is
2 of 5 and
3 cellular 4 aging
3 cellular 5 and
5 and 6 apoptosis
7 by 11 and
8 zfra 9 ,
9 , 10 p53
9 , 11 and
11 and 12 wwox
13 is 14 discussed

we have recently reported that progeroid zmpste24 - [/] - mice , which exhibit multiple defects that phenocopy hutchinson - gilford progeria syndrome , show a profound dysregulation of somatotropic axis , mainly characterized by the occurrence of very high circulating levels of growth hormone ( gh ) and a drastic reduction in insulin - like growth factor - 1 ( igf - 1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 reported
3 recently 4 reported
4 reported 7 zmpste24
5 that 7 zmpste24
6 progeroid 7 zmpste24
8 - 10 -
8 - 12 ,
8 - 20 -
10 - 11 mice
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 exhibit
13 which 14 exhibit
14 exhibit 16 defects
15 multiple 16 defects
16 defects 17 that
16 defects 18 phenocopy
17 that 18 phenocopy
18 phenocopy 19 hutchinson
20 - 23 syndrome
20 - 24 ,
21 gilford 22 progeria
22 progeria 23 syndrome
24 , 25 show
25 show 28 dysregulation
25 show 34 characterized
25 show 35 by
26 a 28 dysregulation
27 profound 28 dysregulation
28 dysregulation 29 of
29 of 31 axis
30 somatotropic 31 axis
32 , 34 characterized
33 mainly 34 characterized
35 by 37 occurrence
36 the 37 occurrence
37 occurrence 38 of
38 of 49 and
39 very 40 high
40 high 42 levels
41 circulating 42 levels
42 levels 43 of
42 levels 49 and
43 of 45 hormone
44 growth 45 hormone
45 hormone 47 gh
46 ( 47 gh
47 gh 48 )
49 and 52 reduction
49 and 53 in
49 and 60 1
50 a 51 drastic
50 a 52 reduction
51 drastic 52 reduction
53 in 54 insulin
54 insulin 56 like
55 - 56 like
56 like 58 factor
56 like 59 -
57 growth 58 factor
59 - 60 1
60 1 62 igf
60 1 64 1
60 1 66 .
61 ( 62 igf
62 igf 63 -
63 - 64 1
64 1 65 )

we have also shown that restoration of the proper gh/igf - 1 balance in zmpste24 - [/] - mice by treatment with recombinant igf - 1 delays the onset of many progeroid features in these animals and significantly extends their lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 shown
3 also 4 shown
4 shown 6 restoration
4 shown 10 gh/igf
5 that 6 restoration
6 restoration 7 of
7 of 9 proper
8 the 9 proper
10 gh/igf 13 balance
10 gh/igf 19 mice
11 - 13 balance
12 1 13 balance
13 balance 14 in
13 balance 16 -
14 in 15 zmpste24
18 - 19 mice
19 mice 20 by
19 mice 22 with
19 mice 26 1
19 mice 42 .
20 by 21 treatment
22 with 24 igf
23 recombinant 24 igf
25 - 26 1
26 1 37 and
26 1 42 .
27 delays 29 onset
27 delays 37 and
28 the 29 onset
29 onset 30 of
29 onset 32 progeroid
29 onset 33 features
30 of 31 many
32 progeroid 33 features
33 features 34 in
34 in 36 animals
35 these 36 animals
37 and 39 extends
37 and 41 lifespan
38 significantly 39 extends
40 their 41 lifespan

here , we summarize these observations and discuss the importance of gh/igf - 1 balance in longevity as well as its modulation as a putative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human progeroid syndromes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 7 and
4 summarize 6 observations
4 summarize 7 and
5 these 6 observations
7 and 8 discuss
7 and 15 balance
8 discuss 10 importance
9 the 10 importance
10 importance 11 of
11 of 12 gh/igf
13 - 14 1
14 1 15 balance
15 balance 16 in
15 balance 20 as
15 balance 31 of
16 in 17 longevity
18 as 19 well
19 well 20 as
20 as 22 modulation
21 its 22 modulation
22 modulation 23 as
23 as 27 strategy
24 a 25 putative
24 a 27 strategy
25 putative 27 strategy
26 therapeutic 27 strategy
27 strategy 28 for
28 for 30 treatment
29 the 30 treatment
31 of 34 syndromes
32 human 33 progeroid
33 progeroid 34 syndromes

oxidative stress in mitochondria is believed to promote aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 in
2 stress 5 is
3 in 4 mitochondria
5 is 6 believed
6 believed 7 to
6 believed 8 promote
7 to 8 promote
8 promote 9 aging

although passive leakage of [electron] from the mitochondrial electron transport chain has been considered as a major source of oxidative stress in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein , enzymes actively producing reactive oxygen species may also exist in mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 chain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 although 3 leakage
1 although 11 chain
2 passive 3 leakage
3 leakage 4 of
4 of 6 from
6 from 10 transport
7 the 10 transport
8 mitochondrial 9 electron
9 electron 10 transport
11 chain 12 has
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 considered
14 considered 15 as
14 considered 22 in
14 considered 28 therein
15 as 18 source
16 a 17 major
16 a 18 source
17 major 18 source
18 source 19 of
19 of 21 stress
20 oxidative 21 stress
22 in 25 and
23 the 24 heart
24 heart 25 and
25 and 27 cardiomyocytes
26 the 27 cardiomyocytes
29 , 30 enzymes
29 , 38 exist
30 enzymes 32 producing
30 enzymes 36 may
31 actively 32 producing
32 producing 35 species
33 reactive 34 oxygen
34 oxygen 35 species
36 may 38 exist
37 also 38 exist
38 exist 39 in
39 in 40 mitochondria

we have shown recently that nox4 , a member of the nadph oxidase family , is localized on intracellular membranes , primarily at mitochondria , in cardiomyocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 shown
3 shown 4 recently
3 shown 5 that
5 that 6 nox4
5 that 17 localized
6 nox4 9 member
6 nox4 16 is
7 , 9 member
8 a 9 member
9 member 10 of
9 member 15 ,
10 of 14 family
11 the 14 family
12 nadph 14 family
13 oxidase 14 family
16 is 17 localized
17 localized 18 on
17 localized 26 in
18 on 20 membranes
19 intracellular 20 membranes
20 membranes 23 at
21 , 22 primarily
21 , 23 at
23 at 24 mitochondria
23 at 25 ,
26 in 27 cardiomyocytes

mitochondrial expression of nox4 is upregulated by cardiac stress and aging in the heart , where nox4 could become a major source of oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 upregulated
1 mitochondrial 2 expression
2 expression 3 of
2 expression 5 is
3 of 4 nox4
5 is 6 upregulated
6 upregulated 7 by
6 upregulated 12 in
7 by 10 and
8 cardiac 9 stress
9 stress 10 and
10 and 11 aging
12 in 14 heart
13 the 14 heart
14 heart 16 where
15 , 16 where
16 where 17 nox4
16 where 19 become
16 where 26 .
17 nox4 18 could
18 could 19 become
19 become 22 source
20 a 21 major
20 a 22 source
21 major 22 source
22 source 23 of
23 of 25 stress
24 oxidative 25 stress

this raises an intriguing possibility that nox4 may play an important role in mediating aging of the heart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 raises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 raises
2 raises 5 possibility
3 an 5 possibility
4 intriguing 5 possibility
5 possibility 6 that
6 that 7 nox4
6 that 9 play
7 nox4 8 may
8 may 9 play
9 play 12 role
10 an 12 role
11 important 12 role
12 role 13 in
12 role 15 aging
12 role 16 of
13 in 14 mediating
16 of 18 heart
17 the 18 heart

here we discuss the potential involvement of nox4 in mitochondrial oxidative stress and aging in the heart . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 discuss
3 discuss 6 involvement
3 discuss 9 in
3 discuss 15 in
4 the 6 involvement
5 potential 6 involvement
6 involvement 7 of
7 of 8 nox4
9 in 13 and
10 mitochondrial 12 stress
11 oxidative 12 stress
12 stress 13 and
13 and 14 aging
15 in 17 heart
16 the 17 heart

when the cell cycle is arrested , growth - promoting pathways such as mtor ( target of rapamycin ) drive cellular senescence , characterized by cellular hyper - activation , [hypertrophy] and permanent loss of the proliferative potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 growth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 when 4 cycle
1 when 6 arrested
1 when 7 ,
1 when 8 growth
2 the 4 cycle
3 cell 4 cycle
4 cycle 5 is
5 is 6 arrested
6 arrested 7 ,
8 growth 10 promoting
8 growth 24 characterized
9 - 10 promoting
10 promoting 11 pathways
10 promoting 23 ,
11 pathways 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 22 senescence
14 mtor 16 target
14 mtor 20 drive
15 ( 16 target
16 target 17 of
16 target 19 )
17 of 18 rapamycin
20 drive 22 senescence
21 cellular 22 senescence
24 characterized 25 by
24 characterized 34 loss
25 by 32 and
26 cellular 29 activation
27 hyper 28 -
27 hyper 29 activation
29 activation 32 and
30 , 32 and
32 and 33 permanent
34 loss 35 of
35 of 38 potential
36 the 38 potential
37 proliferative 38 potential

while arresting cell cycle [,] p53 ( under certain conditions ) can inhibit the mtor pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 p53
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 inhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 while 2 arresting
1 while 6 p53
3 cell 6 p53
4 cycle 6 p53
6 p53 8 under
6 p53 12 can
7 ( 8 under
8 under 10 conditions
8 under 11 )
9 certain 10 conditions
12 can 13 inhibit
13 inhibit 16 pathway
14 the 16 pathway
15 mtor 16 pathway

senescence occurs when p53 fails to inhibit mtor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 senescence 2 occurs
2 occurs 3 when
3 when 4 p53
3 when 5 fails
4 p53 5 fails
5 fails 6 to
5 fails 7 inhibit
6 to 7 inhibit
7 inhibit 8 mtor

low concentrations of dna - damaging drugs induce p53 at levels that do not inhibit mtor , thus causing senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 low 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
3 of 4 dna
5 - 7 drugs
5 - 8 induce
6 damaging 7 drugs
7 drugs 8 induce
8 induce 9 p53
9 p53 10 at
10 at 11 levels
11 levels 12 that
11 levels 13 do
11 levels 19 causing
12 that 13 do
13 do 14 not
13 do 15 inhibit
15 inhibit 16 mtor
17 , 19 causing
18 thus 19 causing
19 causing 20 senescence
19 causing 21 .

in quiescence caused by serum starvation , mtor is deactivated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mtor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 deactivated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 in 2 quiescence
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 mtor
2 quiescence 3 caused
3 caused 4 by
4 by 6 starvation
5 serum 6 starvation
8 mtor 9 is
9 is 10 deactivated

this predicts that induction of p53 will not cause senescence in such quiescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 2 predicts
2 predicts 3 that
3 that 4 induction
3 that 9 cause
4 induction 5 of
4 induction 7 will
5 of 6 p53
7 will 8 not
7 will 9 cause
9 cause 10 senescence
9 cause 11 in
11 in 14 cells
12 such 14 cells
13 quiescent 14 cells

here we tested this prediction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 tested
3 tested 5 prediction
4 this 5 prediction

in proliferating normal cells , etoposide caused senescence [(] cells could not resume [proliferation] after removal [of] [etoposide] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 resume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 )(
1 in 4 cells
1 in 5 ,
1 in 10 cells
2 proliferating 4 cells
3 normal 4 cells
6 etoposide 8 senescence
7 caused 8 senescence
8 senescence 10 cells
10 cells 11 could
11 could 12 not
11 could 13 resume
13 resume 15 after
15 after 16 removal

serum starvation prevented induction of senescence , [but] not of p53 , [by] [etoposide] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 starvation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 serum 2 starvation
2 starvation 3 prevented
3 prevented 4 induction
4 induction 5 of
4 induction 10 of
5 of 6 senescence
7 , 9 not
7 , 10 of
10 of 11 p53
10 of 12 ,

when [etoposide] [was] removed , such cells resumed [proliferation] upon addition of serum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 resumed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 when 4 removed
1 when 5 ,
1 when 7 cells
6 such 7 cells
7 cells 8 resumed
8 resumed 10 upon
10 upon 11 addition
11 addition 12 of
12 of 13 serum

also , doxorubicin did not cause senescent morphology in the absence of serum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 doxorubicin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 3 doxorubicin
3 doxorubicin 4 did
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 cause
6 cause 8 morphology
6 cause 9 in
7 senescent 8 morphology
9 in 11 absence
10 the 11 absence
11 absence 12 of
12 of 13 serum

re - addition of serum caused mtor - dependent senescence in the presence of etoposide or doxorubicin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 re 2 -
1 re 3 addition
3 addition 4 of
3 addition 6 caused
4 of 5 serum
6 caused 10 senescence
6 caused 11 in
7 mtor 8 -
7 mtor 10 senescence
9 dependent 10 senescence
11 in 13 presence
12 the 13 presence
13 presence 14 of
14 of 16 or
15 etoposide 16 or
16 or 17 doxorubicin

also , serum [-] starvation prevented senescent morphology caused by nutlin - 3a in mcf - 7 and mel - 10 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 morphology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 8 morphology
3 serum 6 prevented
5 starvation 6 prevented
6 prevented 8 morphology
7 senescent 8 morphology
8 morphology 9 caused
9 caused 10 by
9 caused 22 cells
10 by 11 nutlin
11 nutlin 13 3a
11 nutlin 19 mel
12 - 13 3a
13 3a 14 in
13 3a 16 -
14 in 15 mcf
16 - 19 mel
17 7 18 and
18 and 19 mel
19 mel 20 -
21 10 22 cells

we conclude that induction of p53 does not activate the senescence program in quiescent cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 4 induction
3 that 9 activate
4 induction 5 of
4 induction 7 does
5 of 6 p53
7 does 8 not
7 does 9 activate
9 activate 12 program
9 activate 13 in
10 the 12 program
11 senescence 12 program
13 in 15 cells
14 quiescent 15 cells

in cells with induced p53 , re - activation of mtor by serum stimulation causes senescence , as an equivalent of cellular growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 stimulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 causes
1 in 2 cells
1 in 6 ,
1 in 14 stimulation
2 cells 3 with
3 with 5 p53
4 induced 5 p53
7 re 8 -
7 re 9 activation
7 re 14 stimulation
9 activation 10 of
10 of 11 mtor
11 mtor 12 by
12 by 13 serum
14 stimulation 15 causes
15 causes 16 senescence
16 senescence 18 as
17 , 18 as
18 as 20 equivalent
18 as 24 .
19 an 20 equivalent
20 equivalent 21 of
21 of 23 growth
22 cellular 23 growth

cardiac failure is a leading cause of age - related death , though its root cause remains unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 failure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cardiac 2 failure
2 failure 3 is
3 is 6 cause
4 a 6 cause
5 leading 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 death
10 related 12 ,
12 , 16 cause
12 , 17 remains
13 though 16 cause
14 its 16 cause
15 root 16 cause
16 cause 17 remains
17 remains 18 unknown

mounting evidence implicates a decline [in] mitochondrial function due to increased opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mptp ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mounting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 mounting 2 evidence
1 mounting 3 implicates
3 implicates 8 function
3 implicates 10 to
4 a 8 function
5 decline 8 function
7 mitochondrial 8 function
9 due 10 to
10 to 12 opening
11 increased 12 opening
12 opening 13 of
12 opening 20 mptp
13 of 18 pore
14 the 18 pore
15 mitochondrial 16 permeability
16 permeability 17 transition
17 transition 18 pore
19 ( 20 mptp
20 mptp 21 )

here we report that the nad+ - dependent deacetylase sirt3 deacetylates the regulatory component of the mptp , cyclophilin d ( cypd ) on lysine 166 , adjacent to the binding site of cyclosporine a , a cypd inhibitor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 4 that
4 that 10 sirt3
4 that 11 deacetylates
5 the 9 deacetylase
6 nad+ 7 -
6 nad+ 9 deacetylase
8 dependent 9 deacetylase
9 deacetylase 10 sirt3
10 sirt3 11 deacetylates
11 deacetylates 14 component
11 deacetylates 24 on
12 the 14 component
13 regulatory 14 component
14 component 15 of
15 of 17 mptp
16 the 17 mptp
17 mptp 19 cyclophilin
18 , 19 cyclophilin
19 cyclophilin 20 d
19 cyclophilin 22 cypd
19 cyclophilin 23 )
21 ( 22 cypd
22 cypd 23 )
24 on 25 lysine
25 lysine 26 166
25 lysine 28 adjacent
27 , 28 adjacent
28 adjacent 29 to
28 adjacent 36 ,
29 to 32 site
30 the 32 site
31 binding 32 site
32 site 33 of
33 of 34 cyclosporine
34 cyclosporine 35 a
36 , 39 inhibitor
37 a 39 inhibitor
38 cypd 39 inhibitor

cardiac myocytes from mice lacking sirt3 exhibit an age - dependent increase in mitochondrial swelling due to increased mptp opening , a phenotype that is rescued by cyclosporine a [.] sirt3 knockout mice show accelerated signs of aging in the heart including cardiac [hypertrophy] and fibrosis at 13 months of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 myocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 cardiac 2 myocytes
2 myocytes 3 from
2 myocytes 7 exhibit
3 from 4 mice
4 mice 5 lacking
5 lacking 6 sirt3
7 exhibit 9 age
8 an 9 age
10 - 12 increase
10 - 21 ,
11 dependent 12 increase
12 increase 13 in
12 increase 16 due
12 increase 20 opening
13 in 15 swelling
14 mitochondrial 15 swelling
16 due 17 to
17 to 19 mptp
18 increased 19 mptp
21 , 23 phenotype
21 , 26 rescued
22 a 23 phenotype
23 phenotype 26 rescued
24 that 25 is
25 is 26 rescued
26 rescued 27 by
26 rescued 31 sirt3
27 by 28 cyclosporine
28 cyclosporine 29 a
31 sirt3 32 knockout
31 sirt3 38 aging
32 knockout 33 mice
32 knockout 34 show
32 knockout 35 accelerated
33 mice 34 show
35 accelerated 36 signs
36 signs 37 of
37 of 38 aging
38 aging 39 in
39 in 41 heart
40 the 41 heart
41 heart 42 including
42 including 45 and
43 cardiac 45 and
45 and 46 fibrosis
45 and 52 .
46 fibrosis 47 at
46 fibrosis 50 of
47 at 49 months
48 13 49 months
50 of 51 age

sirt3 knockout mice are also hypersensitive to heart stress induced by transverse aortic constriction ( tac ) , as evidenced by cardiac [hypertrophy] , fibrosis , and increased mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 sirt3 3 mice
2 knockout 3 mice
3 mice 4 are
4 are 5 also
4 are 6 hypersensitive
6 hypersensitive 7 to
6 hypersensitive 8 heart
7 to 8 heart
8 heart 9 stress
9 stress 10 induced
10 induced 11 by
10 induced 21 by
11 by 14 constriction
12 transverse 14 constriction
13 aortic 14 constriction
14 constriction 16 tac
14 constriction 20 evidenced
15 ( 16 tac
16 tac 17 )
18 , 20 evidenced
19 as 20 evidenced
21 by 27 and
22 cardiac 24 ,
24 , 25 fibrosis
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 mortality
28 increased 29 mortality

together , these data show for the first time that sirt3 activity is necessary to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy during aging and shed light on new pharmacological approaches to delaying aging and treating diseases in cardiac muscle and possibly other post - mitotic tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 -
1 together 2 ,
1 together 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 24 and
5 show 19 and
5 show 21 hypertrophy
5 show 24 and
6 for 9 time
6 for 19 and
7 the 8 first
7 the 9 time
9 time 10 that
10 that 12 activity
10 that 13 is
11 sirt3 12 activity
12 activity 13 is
13 is 14 necessary
14 necessary 15 to
14 necessary 16 prevent
15 to 16 prevent
17 mitochondrial 18 dysfunction
18 dysfunction 19 and
19 and 20 cardiac
19 and 21 hypertrophy
21 hypertrophy 22 during
22 during 23 aging
24 and 25 shed
24 and 40 and
26 light 27 on
26 light 34 and
27 on 30 approaches
28 new 30 approaches
29 pharmacological 30 approaches
30 approaches 31 to
31 to 32 delaying
32 delaying 33 aging
34 and 36 diseases
34 and 37 in
34 and 40 and
35 treating 36 diseases
37 in 39 muscle
38 cardiac 39 muscle
40 and 41 possibly
40 and 43 post
42 other 43 post
44 - 46 tissues
44 - 47 .
45 mitotic 46 tissues

objective : thioredoxin - 1 ( trx - 1 ) , one important antioxidative enzyme in endothelial cells , is required for apoptosis inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 thioredoxin
2 : 21 required
2 : 25 .
3 thioredoxin 5 1
3 thioredoxin 20 is
4 - 5 1
5 1 7 trx
5 1 15 enzyme
5 1 19 ,
6 ( 7 trx
7 trx 9 1
7 trx 11 ,
8 - 9 1
9 1 10 )
11 , 15 enzyme
12 one 15 enzyme
13 important 15 enzyme
14 antioxidative 15 enzyme
15 enzyme 16 in
15 enzyme 19 ,
16 in 18 cells
17 endothelial 18 cells
20 is 21 required
21 required 22 for
22 for 24 inhibition
23 apoptosis 24 inhibition

apoptosis induction is dependent on cytoskeletal changes , which depend on actin rearrangements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 apoptosis 2 induction
2 induction 3 is
3 is 4 dependent
4 dependent 5 on
5 on 7 changes
6 cytoskeletal 7 changes
8 , 9 which
8 , 10 depend
9 which 10 depend
10 depend 11 on
11 on 13 rearrangements
12 actin 13 rearrangements

therefore , we wanted to elucidate whether a physical interaction exists between trx - 1 [and] actin and what the functional consequences are . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 wanted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 we
3 we 4 wanted
4 wanted 5 to
4 wanted 6 elucidate
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 7 whether
6 elucidate 18 and
7 whether 10 interaction
7 whether 11 exists
8 a 9 physical
8 a 10 interaction
9 physical 10 interaction
10 interaction 11 exists
11 exists 12 between
12 between 13 trx
14 - 15 1
15 1 17 actin
17 actin 18 and
18 and 19 what
18 and 22 consequences
18 and 23 are
20 the 22 consequences
21 functional 22 consequences
22 consequences 23 are

methods and results : combined immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry identified actin as a new binding partner for trx - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 methods 2 and
2 and 3 results
4 : 7 spectrometry
4 : 8 identified
4 : 17 -
4 : 19 .
5 combined 7 spectrometry
6 immunoprecipitation/mass 7 spectrometry
7 spectrometry 8 identified
8 identified 9 actin
8 identified 10 as
10 as 14 partner
11 a 12 new
11 a 14 partner
12 new 14 partner
13 binding 14 partner
14 partner 15 for
15 for 16 trx
17 - 18 1

a separate pool of trx [-] 1 forms a complex with apoptosis signaling kinase 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pool
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 forms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 a 2 separate
1 a 3 pool
2 separate 3 pool
3 pool 4 of
3 pool 8 forms
4 of 5 trx
5 trx 7 1
8 forms 10 complex
8 forms 11 with
9 a 10 complex
11 with 12 apoptosis
12 apoptosis 13 signaling
13 signaling 14 kinase
14 kinase 15 1

actin is required for stress fiber formation ; thus , the interaction of actin with trx [-] 1 might interfere with this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 actin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 actin 2 is
2 is 3 required
3 required 4 for
4 for 7 formation
5 stress 7 formation
6 fiber 7 formation
8 ; 12 interaction
8 ; 20 interfere
9 thus 10 ,
9 thus 12 interaction
11 the 12 interaction
12 interaction 13 of
12 interaction 19 might
13 of 14 actin
14 actin 15 with
15 with 16 trx
16 trx 18 1
19 might 20 interfere
20 interfere 21 with
21 with 23 process
22 this 23 process

stress fiber formation , which is directly linked to the phosphorylation of focal adhesion [kinase] ( fak ) , occurs as early as 1 hour after h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 treatment
1 stress 3 formation
2 fiber 3 formation
4 , 5 which
4 , 19 ,
5 which 19 ,
6 is 8 linked
6 is 19 ,
7 directly 8 linked
8 linked 9 to
9 to 11 phosphorylation
10 the 11 phosphorylation
11 phosphorylation 12 of
11 phosphorylation 17 fak
12 of 14 adhesion
13 focal 14 adhesion
16 ( 17 fak
17 fak 18 )
19 , 20 occurs
19 , 22 early
19 , 23 as
19 , 34 )
21 as 22 early
23 as 25 hour
24 1 25 hour
25 hour 26 after
25 hour 29 2
26 after 27 h
28 ( 29 2
29 2 32 (
29 2 33 2
31 ] 32 (
32 ( 33 2

it is inhibited by trx - 1 overexpression , treatment with exogenous trx - 1 , or inhibition of fak . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 inhibited
3 inhibited 4 by
4 by 17 or
5 trx 8 overexpression
5 trx 17 or
6 - 8 overexpression
7 1 8 overexpression
8 overexpression 10 treatment
8 overexpression 16 ,
9 , 10 treatment
10 treatment 11 with
10 treatment 16 ,
11 with 13 trx
12 exogenous 13 trx
13 trx 15 1
14 - 15 1
15 1 16 ,
16 , 17 or
17 or 18 inhibition
17 or 19 of
19 of 20 fak

prolonged incubation [with] h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) induced stress fiber formation , reduced trx - 1 protein levels , and increased apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incubation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 apoptosis
1 prolonged 2 incubation
2 incubation 4 h
2 incubation 6 2
2 incubation 15 formation
5 ( 6 2
6 2 9 (
6 2 10 2
8 ] 9 (
9 ( 10 2
11 ) 14 fiber
11 ) 15 formation
12 induced 14 fiber
13 stress 14 fiber
15 formation 23 ,
16 , 17 reduced
16 , 23 ,
17 reduced 21 protein
18 trx 21 protein
19 - 21 protein
20 1 21 protein
21 protein 22 levels
22 levels 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 increased

all these processes were inhibited by preincubation with the fak inhibitor pf573228 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 inhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 all 2 these
1 all 3 processes
1 all 4 were
2 these 3 processes
4 were 5 inhibited
5 inhibited 6 by
5 inhibited 8 with
6 by 7 preincubation
8 with 12 pf573228
9 the 11 inhibitor
10 fak 11 inhibitor
11 inhibitor 12 pf573228

on the contrary , incubation with pf573228 1 hour after h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) treatment did not block stress fiber formation , degradation of trx - 1 , or apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 )
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 not
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 apoptosis
1 on 5 incubation
1 on 18 )
2 the 5 incubation
3 contrary 4 ,
3 contrary 5 incubation
5 incubation 6 with
6 with 7 pf573228
7 pf573228 10 after
7 pf573228 13 2
8 1 9 hour
9 hour 10 after
10 after 11 h
12 ( 13 2
13 2 16 (
13 2 17 2
15 ] 16 (
16 ( 17 2
18 ) 19 treatment
19 treatment 20 did
19 treatment 21 not
21 not 24 fiber
22 block 24 fiber
23 stress 24 fiber
25 formation 32 ,
26 , 27 degradation
26 , 32 ,
27 degradation 28 of
28 of 30 -
29 trx 30 -
30 - 31 1
31 1 32 ,
32 , 33 or

conclusions : these data demonstrate that [the] actin - trx - 1 complex protects trx - 1 from degradation and , thus , endothelial cells from apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 demonstrate
2 : 11 -
2 : 28 .
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 8 actin
6 that 8 actin
8 actin 10 trx
9 - 10 trx
10 trx 11 -
11 - 13 complex
11 - 14 protects
11 - 16 -
12 1 13 complex
13 complex 14 protects
14 protects 15 trx
16 - 17 1
17 1 18 from
18 from 20 and
19 degradation 20 and
20 and 25 cells
20 and 26 from
21 , 22 thus
22 thus 23 ,
22 thus 24 endothelial
24 endothelial 25 cells
26 from 27 apoptosis

reciprocally , trx - 1 prevents stress fiber formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 prevents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 reciprocally 2 ,
1 reciprocally 5 1
2 , 3 trx
3 trx 4 -
3 trx 5 1
5 1 6 prevents
6 prevents 9 formation
7 stress 9 formation
8 fiber 9 formation

odontoblasts are long - [lived] post - mitotic cells in the dental pulp , whose function is to form and maintain dentin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 odontoblasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 odontoblasts 2 are
2 are 9 cells
2 are 10 in
3 long 6 post
3 long 9 cells
4 - 6 post
6 post 7 -
8 mitotic 9 cells
10 in 13 pulp
11 the 13 pulp
12 dental 13 pulp
13 pulp 15 whose
14 , 15 whose
15 whose 16 function
15 whose 23 .
16 function 17 is
17 is 18 to
17 is 20 and
18 to 20 and
19 form 20 and
20 and 21 maintain
21 maintain 22 dentin

the survival mechanisms that preserve the viability of terminally differentiated odontoblasts during the life of a healthy tooth have not been described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 mechanisms
2 survival 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 that
3 mechanisms 5 preserve
3 mechanisms 19 have
4 that 5 preserve
5 preserve 7 viability
5 preserve 12 during
6 the 7 viability
7 viability 8 of
8 of 11 odontoblasts
9 terminally 10 differentiated
10 differentiated 11 odontoblasts
12 during 14 life
13 the 14 life
14 life 15 of
15 of 18 tooth
16 a 17 healthy
16 a 18 tooth
17 healthy 18 tooth
19 have 20 not
19 have 21 been
21 been 22 described

in the present study , we characterized the autophagic - lysosomal system of human odontoblasts with transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry , to analyze the mechanisms that maintain the functional viability of these dentinogenic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 22 ,
7 characterized 12 system
7 characterized 16 with
7 characterized 22 ,
8 the 12 system
9 autophagic 10 -
9 autophagic 12 system
11 lysosomal 12 system
12 system 13 of
13 of 15 odontoblasts
14 human 15 odontoblasts
16 with 20 and
17 transmission 19 microscopy
18 electron 19 microscopy
19 microscopy 20 and
20 and 21 immunocytochemistry
22 , 23 to
22 , 24 analyze
23 to 24 analyze
24 analyze 26 mechanisms
25 the 26 mechanisms
26 mechanisms 27 that
26 mechanisms 28 maintain
27 that 28 maintain
28 maintain 31 viability
29 the 31 viability
30 functional 31 viability
31 viability 32 of
32 of 35 cells
33 these 35 cells
34 dentinogenic 35 cells

odontoblasts were found to develop an autophagic - lysosomal system organized mainly by large autophagic vacuoles that are acid - phosphatase - positive to various degrees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 odontoblasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 odontoblasts 2 were
2 were 3 found
3 found 4 to
4 to 5 develop
5 develop 10 system
6 an 7 autophagic
6 an 10 system
7 autophagic 8 -
7 autophagic 10 system
9 lysosomal 10 system
10 system 11 organized
11 organized 12 mainly
11 organized 23 positive
12 mainly 13 by
13 by 16 vacuoles
14 large 16 vacuoles
15 autophagic 16 vacuoles
16 vacuoles 17 that
16 vacuoles 18 are
16 vacuoles 21 phosphatase
17 that 18 are
18 are 19 acid
20 - 21 phosphatase
21 phosphatase 22 -
23 positive 24 to
24 to 26 degrees
25 various 26 degrees

these vacuoles expressed the autophagosomal and lysosomal markers lc3 and lamp2 , respectively , in an age - related [pattern] indicating the organization of [a] dynamic autophagic machinery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 vacuoles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
1 these 2 vacuoles
2 vacuoles 3 expressed
3 expressed 11 lamp2
3 expressed 13 respectively
3 expressed 15 in
4 the 8 markers
5 autophagosomal 6 and
6 and 7 lysosomal
6 and 8 markers
8 markers 11 lamp2
9 lc3 10 and
10 and 11 lamp2
12 , 13 respectively
13 respectively 14 ,
15 in 17 age
16 an 17 age
18 - 19 related
19 related 21 indicating
19 related 29 .
21 indicating 23 organization
22 the 23 organization
23 organization 24 of
24 of 28 machinery
26 dynamic 28 machinery
27 autophagic 28 machinery

progressive accumulation of lipofuscin within lysosomes indicates reduced lysosomal activity as a function of odontoblast aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 progressive 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 7 indicates
3 of 4 lipofuscin
4 lipofuscin 5 within
5 within 6 lysosomes
7 indicates 10 activity
8 reduced 10 activity
9 lysosomal 10 activity
10 activity 16 aging
11 as 13 function
11 as 16 aging
12 a 13 function
13 function 14 of
13 function 16 aging
14 of 15 odontoblast

our results suggest that autophagic activity in odontoblasts is a fundamental mechanism to ensure turnover [and] degradation of subcellular components . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 6 activity
3 suggest 9 is
4 that 5 autophagic
5 autophagic 6 activity
6 activity 7 in
7 in 8 odontoblasts
9 is 12 mechanism
9 is 13 to
9 is 14 ensure
10 a 11 fundamental
10 a 12 mechanism
11 fundamental 12 mechanism
13 to 14 ensure
14 ensure 17 degradation
15 turnover 17 degradation
17 degradation 18 of
18 of 20 components
19 subcellular 20 components

a reduction in the efficacy of this system might compromise cell viability and dentinogenic secretory capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compromise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 in
2 reduction 9 might
3 in 5 efficacy
4 the 5 efficacy
5 efficacy 6 of
6 of 8 system
7 this 8 system
9 might 10 compromise
10 compromise 13 and
11 cell 12 viability
12 viability 13 and
13 and 16 capacity
14 dentinogenic 16 capacity
15 secretory 16 capacity

in adult teeth , this condition is described as an ['] old odontoblast ['] stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 condition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 teeth
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 condition
2 adult 3 teeth
5 this 6 condition
6 condition 7 is
7 is 8 described
8 described 9 as
9 as 15 stage
10 an 15 stage
12 old 15 stage
13 odontoblast 15 stage

this case - control study aimed to characterize the factors associated with amebiasis , defined as presence of anti - entamoeba histolytica antibody titers of ≧ 128 by indirect hemagglutination assay , among persons seeking voluntary counseling and testing ( vct ) for human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 this 2 case
2 case 5 study
2 case 15 defined
3 - 5 study
4 control 5 study
5 study 6 aimed
5 study 14 ,
6 aimed 7 to
7 to 8 characterize
8 characterize 10 factors
8 characterize 12 with
9 the 10 factors
10 factors 11 associated
12 with 13 amebiasis
15 defined 16 as
15 defined 33 among
15 defined 50 infection
16 as 17 presence
17 presence 18 of
17 presence 24 titers
17 presence 31 assay
18 of 21 entamoeba
19 anti 20 -
19 anti 21 entamoeba
22 histolytica 24 titers
23 antibody 24 titers
24 titers 25 of
24 titers 28 by
24 titers 31 assay
25 of 26 ≧
26 ≧ 27 128
28 by 30 hemagglutination
29 indirect 30 hemagglutination
32 , 33 among
33 among 34 persons
33 among 49 )
34 persons 35 seeking
34 persons 43 for
35 seeking 38 and
36 voluntary 37 counseling
37 counseling 38 and
38 and 39 testing
38 and 41 vct
40 ( 41 vct
41 vct 42 )
43 for 46 virus
44 human 46 virus
45 immunodeficiency 46 virus
46 virus 48 hiv
47 ( 48 hiv
48 hiv 49 )

between april 2006 and september 2009 , 57 of 4,802 persons ( 1.2 % ) seeking vct services were seropositive for e . histolytica infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 57
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 between 4 and
1 between 7 ,
1 between 8 57
2 april 3 2006
2 april 4 and
4 and 5 september
5 september 6 2009
8 57 9 of
8 57 16 seeking
8 57 19 were
9 of 11 persons
10 4,802 11 persons
11 persons 14 %
12 ( 14 %
13 1.2 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 seeking 18 services
17 vct 18 services
19 were 20 seropositive
20 seropositive 21 for
21 for 22 e
23 . 25 infection
24 histolytica 25 infection

compared with 228 seronegative controls , case subjects were older [(] odds ratio [ or []] for [per] 1 - year increase [,] 1.098 [;] 95 % confidence interval [ ci ] , 1.036 , 1.165 ) , less likely to hold bachelor [degree] or higher [(] or , 0.359 [;] 95 % ci , 0.152 , 0.846 ) , [and] [were] more likely to be men who have sex with men ( msm ) ( or , [8.382] [;] 95 % ci , 2.050 , 34.266 [ )( [have] oral - anal sex ( or , 4.016 [;] 95 % ci , 1.711 , 9.427 [ )(in multiple logistic regression analysis . 
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 8 subjects
2 with 5 controls
3 228 5 controls
4 seronegative 5 controls
7 case 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 were
9 were 13 ratio
10 older 12 odds
12 odds 13 ratio
13 ratio 20 -
14 [ 20 -
15 or 17 for
15 or 20 -
17 for 19 1
20 - 29 interval
21 year 22 increase
22 increase 29 interval
24 1.098 29 interval
26 95 27 %
27 % 28 confidence
28 confidence 29 interval
29 interval 31 ci
29 interval 34 1.036
29 interval 36 1.165
29 interval 41 to
30 [ 31 ci
31 ci 32 ]
33 , 34 1.036
34 1.036 35 ,
35 , 36 1.165
36 1.165 37 )
38 , 41 to
39 less 40 likely
40 likely 41 to
41 to 42 hold
42 hold 54 ci
43 bachelor 45 or
45 or 48 or
45 or 49 ,
45 or 54 ci
46 higher 48 or
50 0.359 54 ci
52 95 54 ci
53 % 54 ci
54 ci 56 0.152
54 ci 65 to
55 , 56 0.152
56 0.152 58 0.846
56 0.152 60 ,
57 , 58 0.846
58 0.846 59 )
60 , 65 to
63 more 64 likely
64 likely 65 to
65 to 66 be
66 be 67 men
66 be 71 with
67 men 68 who
67 men 69 have
68 who 69 have
69 have 70 sex
71 with 72 men
71 with 81 95
72 men 74 msm
72 men 77 or
73 ( 74 msm
74 msm 75 )
76 ( 77 or
77 or 78 ,
81 95 92 -
82 % 83 ci
83 ci 85 2.050
84 , 85 2.050
85 2.050 86 ,
86 , 92 -
87 34.266 91 oral
91 oral 92 -
92 - 94 sex
93 anal 94 sex
94 sex 96 or
94 sex 102 ci
95 ( 96 or
96 or 97 ,
97 , 102 ci
98 4.016 102 ci
100 95 102 ci
101 % 102 ci
102 ci 104 1.711
102 ci 112 analysis
102 ci 113 .
103 , 104 1.711
104 1.711 105 ,
105 , 112 analysis
106 9.427 108 )(in
108 )(in 112 analysis
109 multiple 112 analysis
110 logistic 112 analysis
111 regression 112 analysis
112 analysis 113 .

the msm , fecal - oral contamination , lower educational achievement , and older age were associated with increased risk for amebiasis among persons seeking vct for hiv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 msm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 msm
3 , 13 and
3 , 17 associated
4 fecal 5 -
4 fecal 7 contamination
6 oral 7 contamination
7 contamination 8 ,
8 , 11 achievement
8 , 13 and
9 lower 11 achievement
10 educational 11 achievement
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 age
13 and 16 were
14 older 15 age
16 were 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 risk
19 increased 20 risk
20 risk 21 for
20 risk 25 seeking
21 for 22 amebiasis
22 amebiasis 23 among
23 among 24 persons
25 seeking 26 vct
25 seeking 27 for
27 for 29 infection
28 hiv 29 infection

methods : reach - to [-] grasp performance of the preferred hand in binocular [versus] monocular ( dominant or nondominant eye occluded ) conditions to different objects ( two sizes , three locations , and two to three repetitions ) [was] quantified by using a 3 d motion - capture system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 grasp
2 : 3 reach
3 reach 5 to
4 - 5 to
5 to 7 grasp
7 grasp 8 performance
8 performance 9 of
9 of 12 hand
10 the 12 hand
11 preferred 12 hand
12 hand 13 in
13 in 24 conditions
14 binocular 24 conditions
16 monocular 19 or
16 monocular 23 )
16 monocular 24 conditions
17 ( 19 or
18 dominant 19 or
19 or 21 eye
19 or 22 occluded
19 or 23 )
20 nondominant 21 eye
24 conditions 25 to
25 to 35 and
26 different 31 ,
26 different 33 locations
27 objects 30 sizes
28 ( 30 sizes
29 two 30 sizes
30 sizes 31 ,
32 three 33 locations
33 locations 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 39 repetitions
35 and 40 )
35 and 42 quantified
35 and 43 by
36 two 37 to
37 to 38 three
37 to 39 repetitions
43 by 44 using
44 using 48 motion
45 a 48 motion
46 3 47 d
47 d 48 motion
48 motion 51 system
49 - 51 system
50 capture 51 system
51 system 52 .

the participants were 36 children ( age , 5 - 11 years [ )(and 11 adults who were normally sighted and 21 children ( age , 4 - 8 years ) [who] had strabismus [and/or] anisometropia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 5 children
4 36 5 children
5 children 7 age
6 ( 7 age
7 age 8 ,
8 , 9 5
8 , 33 had
9 5 21 and
9 5 33 had
10 - 21 and
11 11 12 years
12 years 14 )(and
14 )(and 16 adults
14 )(and 17 who
14 )(and 18 were
14 )(and 21 and
15 11 16 adults
17 who 18 were
18 were 20 sighted
19 normally 20 sighted
21 and 23 children
21 and 25 age
21 and 31 )
22 21 23 children
24 ( 25 age
25 age 27 4
25 age 30 years
25 age 31 )
26 , 27 4
27 4 28 -
28 - 30 years
29 8 30 years
30 years 31 )
33 had 36 anisometropia
34 strabismus 36 anisometropia

movement kinematics and error rates were compared for each viewing condition [within] and between subject groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 movement 2 kinematics
2 kinematics 3 and
3 and 5 rates
3 and 6 were
4 error 5 rates
6 were 7 compared
7 compared 13 and
8 for 10 viewing
8 for 13 and
9 each 10 viewing
10 viewing 11 condition
13 and 14 between
14 between 16 groups
15 subject 16 groups

results : the youngest control subjects used a mainly programmed [(] ballistic ) strategy and collided with the objects more often when viewing with only one eye , while older children progressively incorporated visual feedback to guide their reach and , eventually , their grasp , resulting in binocular advantages for both movement components resembling those of adult performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 youngest
2 : 5 control
2 : 60 .
3 the 4 youngest
4 youngest 5 control
5 control 6 subjects
6 subjects 15 and
7 used 14 strategy
7 used 15 and
8 a 14 strategy
9 mainly 10 programmed
10 programmed 14 strategy
12 ballistic 13 )
12 ballistic 14 strategy
15 and 16 collided
15 and 17 with
15 and 21 often
15 and 22 when
15 and 48 in
17 with 19 objects
18 the 19 objects
20 more 21 often
22 when 23 viewing
23 viewing 24 with
23 viewing 29 while
23 viewing 47 resulting
24 with 27 eye
25 only 26 one
26 one 27 eye
28 , 29 while
29 while 31 children
29 while 33 incorporated
29 while 46 ,
30 older 31 children
31 children 33 incorporated
32 progressively 33 incorporated
33 incorporated 35 feedback
33 incorporated 36 to
34 visual 35 feedback
36 to 37 guide
37 guide 40 and
38 their 39 reach
39 reach 40 and
40 and 42 eventually
40 and 45 grasp
41 , 42 eventually
42 eventually 43 ,
44 their 45 grasp
48 in 50 advantages
49 binocular 50 advantages
50 advantages 51 for
50 advantages 55 resembling
50 advantages 57 of
51 for 54 components
52 both 54 components
53 movement 54 components
55 resembling 56 those
57 of 59 performance
58 adult 59 performance

amblyopic children were the worst performers under all viewing conditions , even when using the dominant eye . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 children
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 amblyopic 2 children
2 children 11 ,
3 were 6 performers
3 were 11 ,
4 the 5 worst
4 the 6 performers
6 performers 7 under
7 under 8 all
8 all 9 viewing
9 viewing 10 conditions
11 , 12 even
12 even 13 when
13 when 14 using
14 using 17 eye
15 the 17 eye
16 dominant 17 eye

they spent almost twice as long [in] the final approach to the objects and made many ( 1.5 - 3 times ) more errors in reach direction and grip positioning than their normal counterparts , these impairments being most marked in those with the poorest binocularity , regardless of the severity or cause of their amblyopia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 they 14 and
2 spent 3 almost
2 spent 10 approach
2 spent 14 and
3 almost 6 long
4 twice 5 as
5 as 6 long
8 the 10 approach
9 final 10 approach
10 approach 11 to
11 to 13 objects
12 the 13 objects
14 and 15 made
15 made 16 many
15 made 52 or
16 many 19 -
17 ( 19 -
18 1.5 19 -
19 - 21 times
19 - 22 )
20 3 21 times
23 more 24 errors
24 errors 25 in
24 errors 52 or
25 in 28 and
26 reach 27 direction
27 direction 28 and
28 and 29 grip
28 and 30 positioning
30 positioning 31 than
30 positioning 34 counterparts
30 positioning 49 of
32 their 34 counterparts
33 normal 34 counterparts
34 counterparts 37 impairments
35 , 37 impairments
36 these 37 impairments
37 impairments 38 being
37 impairments 40 marked
37 impairments 43 with
37 impairments 47 ,
38 being 39 most
40 marked 41 in
41 in 42 those
43 with 46 binocularity
44 the 45 poorest
44 the 46 binocularity
48 regardless 49 of
49 of 51 severity
50 the 51 severity
52 or 53 cause
52 or 54 of
54 of 56 amblyopia
55 their 56 amblyopia

conclusions : the importance of binocular vision for eye [-] hand coordination normally increases with age and use of online movement guidance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 importance
2 : 14 increases
3 the 4 importance
4 importance 5 of
4 importance 14 increases
5 of 7 vision
6 binocular 7 vision
7 vision 8 for
8 for 12 coordination
9 eye 12 coordination
11 hand 12 coordination
13 normally 14 increases
14 increases 15 with
15 with 17 and
16 age 17 and
17 and 18 use
17 and 19 of
19 of 22 guidance
20 online 22 guidance
21 movement 22 guidance

restoring binocularity in children with amblyopia may improve their poor hand action control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 restoring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 restoring 2 binocularity
1 restoring 3 in
1 restoring 5 with
1 restoring 7 may
3 in 4 children
5 with 6 amblyopia
7 may 8 improve
8 improve 13 control
9 their 13 control
10 poor 11 hand
11 hand 13 control
12 action 13 control

objective : to investigate the symptom of low mood as a predictor of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and its progression to dementia , taking into account [:] ( [i] [ )( severity , ( ii ) time of assessment and [(] iii ) interaction with other factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigate
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 6 symptom
5 the 6 symptom
6 symptom 7 of
7 of 9 mood
8 low 9 mood
9 mood 10 as
10 as 20 and
11 a 12 predictor
12 predictor 13 of
12 predictor 20 and
13 of 16 impairment
14 mild 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment
16 impairment 18 mci
17 ( 18 mci
18 mci 19 )
20 and 22 progression
20 and 25 ,
20 and 26 taking
21 its 22 progression
22 progression 23 to
23 to 24 dementia
26 taking 27 into
27 into 28 account
28 account 34 severity
28 account 39 time
30 ( 34 severity
34 severity 35 ,
36 ( 39 time
37 ii 38 )
37 ii 39 time
39 time 40 of
39 time 50 .
40 of 46 interaction
41 assessment 42 and
42 and 44 iii
42 and 45 )
42 and 46 interaction
46 interaction 47 with
47 with 49 factors
48 other 49 factors

methods : 764 cognitively healthy elderly subjects living in the community , from the kungsholmen project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 7 subjects
3 764 7 subjects
4 cognitively 5 healthy
5 healthy 7 subjects
6 elderly 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 living
8 living 9 in
9 in 11 community
10 the 11 community
11 community 13 from
12 , 13 from
13 from 16 project
13 from 17 .
14 the 16 project
15 kungsholmen 16 project

participants were [assessed] [by] direct [interview] to detect low [mood] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 5 direct
5 direct 7 to
5 direct 8 detect
7 to 8 detect
8 detect 9 low

subjects were then followed for 6 years to identify those who developed mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 4 followed
3 then 4 followed
4 followed 5 for
4 followed 8 to
5 for 7 years
6 6 7 years
8 to 9 identify
9 identify 10 those
10 those 11 who
10 those 12 developed
11 who 12 developed
12 developed 13 mci

people with incident mci were followed for a further 3 years to assess progression to dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 people 2 with
1 people 5 were
2 with 3 incident
3 incident 4 mci
5 were 6 followed
6 followed 7 for
6 followed 12 to
7 for 11 years
8 a 11 years
9 further 11 years
10 3 11 years
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 14 progression
13 assess 15 to
15 to 16 dementia

results : people with low mood [at] baseline had a 2.7 [-] fold ( 95 % ci 1.9 to 3.7 ) increased [risk] of developing mci at [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 people
2 : 9 had
3 people 4 with
3 people 9 had
4 with 8 baseline
5 low 6 mood
6 mood 8 baseline
9 had 13 fold
9 had 22 increased
10 a 13 fold
11 2.7 13 fold
13 fold 17 ci
14 ( 17 ci
15 95 17 ci
16 % 17 ci
17 ci 19 to
17 ci 21 )
18 1.9 19 to
19 to 20 3.7
22 increased 24 of
22 increased 27 at
24 of 25 developing
25 developing 26 mci
27 at 30 up
29 - 30 up

the association was stronger for [amnestic] mci ( amci : hr 5.8 ; 95 % ci 3.1 to 10.9 [ )(compared with global cognitive impairment ( other cognitive impairment no dementia , ocind : hr 2.2 [;] 95 % ci 1.5 to 3.3 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 )(
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 was
3 was 4 stronger
4 stronger 5 for
5 for 7 mci
7 mci 9 amci
8 ( 9 amci
9 amci 10 :
10 : 11 hr
10 : 13 ;
11 hr 12 5.8
13 ; 16 ci
13 ; 21 )(compared
13 ; 32 ,
14 95 16 ci
15 % 16 ci
16 ci 18 to
16 ci 21 )(compared
17 3.1 18 to
18 to 19 10.9
21 )(compared 22 with
22 with 25 impairment
23 global 25 impairment
24 cognitive 25 impairment
25 impairment 31 dementia
26 ( 31 dementia
27 other 31 dementia
28 cognitive 29 impairment
29 impairment 31 dementia
30 no 31 dementia
31 dementia 32 ,
32 , 33 ocind
32 , 34 :
33 ocind 34 :
34 : 40 ci
35 hr 40 ci
36 2.2 40 ci
38 95 40 ci
39 % 40 ci
40 ci 42 to
41 1.5 42 to
42 to 43 3.3

apoe - ε4 interacted [with] low [mood] in a synergistic fashion , increasing the risk of amci , while no interaction with psychiatric , vascular , frailty related or psychosocial factors was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ε4
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interacted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 apoe 2 -
1 apoe 3 ε4
3 ε4 4 interacted
4 interacted 6 low
4 interacted 8 in
4 interacted 19 while
8 in 11 fashion
9 a 10 synergistic
9 a 11 fashion
10 synergistic 11 fashion
11 fashion 13 increasing
12 , 13 increasing
13 increasing 15 risk
13 increasing 18 ,
14 the 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 17 amci
19 while 21 interaction
19 while 32 was
20 no 21 interaction
21 interaction 22 with
21 interaction 32 was
22 with 29 or
23 psychiatric 24 ,
23 psychiatric 27 frailty
25 vascular 26 ,
25 vascular 27 frailty
27 frailty 28 related
27 frailty 29 or
29 or 31 factors
30 psychosocial 31 factors
32 was 33 observed

low [mood] at baseline , as opposed to low mood co - occurring with mci , was associated with a 5.3 [-] fold ( 95 % ci 1.2 to 23.3 ) increased risk of progression to dementia in amci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 low 3 at
1 low 8 to
1 low 9 low
1 low 17 was
3 at 4 baseline
4 baseline 7 opposed
5 , 7 opposed
6 as 7 opposed
8 to 9 low
9 low 11 co
9 low 13 occurring
10 mood 11 co
12 - 13 occurring
13 occurring 14 with
13 occurring 16 ,
14 with 15 mci
17 was 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 36 to
19 with 23 fold
19 with 33 risk
20 a 23 fold
21 5.3 23 fold
23 fold 27 ci
24 ( 27 ci
25 95 27 ci
26 % 27 ci
27 ci 29 to
27 ci 31 )
28 1.2 29 to
29 to 30 23.3
32 increased 33 risk
33 risk 34 of
34 of 35 progression
36 to 37 dementia
37 dementia 38 in
38 in 39 amci

in contrast , no association was found in ocind . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 association
4 no 5 association
5 association 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 9 ocind

conclusion : low [mood] was more strongly associated with amci than with global cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 low
2 : 8 associated
2 : 16 .
3 low 5 was
5 was 8 associated
6 more 7 strongly
7 strongly 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 11 than
9 with 10 amci
11 than 12 with
12 with 15 impairment
13 global 15 impairment
14 cognitive 15 impairment

progression towards dementia was [predicted] only [by] low [mood] manifest in the prodromal stage of mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 progression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 progression 2 towards
1 progression 4 was
2 towards 3 dementia
4 was 6 only
4 was 8 low
4 was 10 manifest
10 manifest 11 in
11 in 14 stage
12 the 14 stage
13 prodromal 14 stage
14 stage 15 of
15 of 16 mci

these findings indicate that low mood is particularly prominent in the very early stages [of] cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 6 mood
3 indicate 7 is
4 that 6 mood
5 low 6 mood
6 mood 7 is
7 is 9 prominent
8 particularly 9 prominent
9 prominent 10 in
10 in 17 decline
11 the 17 decline
12 very 13 early
13 early 14 stages
14 stages 17 decline
16 cognitive 17 decline

background : although cryopreservation of semen is a routine procedure for preserving male gametes , an efficient method of preserving fertility through oocyte freezing has only recently become available for women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 18 method
2 : 28 become
2 : 32 .
3 although 4 cryopreservation
3 although 7 is
3 although 18 method
4 cryopreservation 5 of
4 cryopreservation 7 is
5 of 6 semen
7 is 10 procedure
8 a 10 procedure
9 routine 10 procedure
11 for 12 preserving
11 for 15 ,
11 for 18 method
12 preserving 14 gametes
13 male 14 gametes
16 an 17 efficient
16 an 18 method
17 efficient 18 method
18 method 19 of
18 method 24 freezing
18 method 25 has
19 of 20 preserving
20 preserving 21 fertility
20 preserving 22 through
22 through 23 oocyte
25 has 28 become
26 only 28 become
27 recently 28 become
28 become 29 available
29 available 30 for
30 for 31 women

in view of the limited female reproductive lifespan , oocyte freezing can now offer women some protection against the decline in fertility with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 freezing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 view
1 in 11 freezing
2 view 3 of
3 of 10 oocyte
4 the 10 oocyte
5 limited 10 oocyte
6 female 10 oocyte
7 reproductive 10 oocyte
8 lifespan 9 ,
8 lifespan 10 oocyte
11 freezing 12 can
12 can 14 offer
13 now 14 offer
14 offer 15 women
14 offer 17 protection
14 offer 18 against
14 offer 21 in
14 offer 23 with
16 some 17 protection
18 against 20 decline
19 the 20 decline
21 in 22 fertility
23 with 24 aging

methods : a survey was performed in belgium among 1914 women of reproductive age ( 21 - 40 years ) to assess public attitudes towards the phenomenon called ['] social oocyte freezing ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 survey
2 : 22 assess
3 a 4 survey
4 survey 5 was
5 was 6 performed
6 performed 7 in
6 performed 9 among
6 performed 17 -
6 performed 21 to
7 in 8 belgium
9 among 11 women
10 1914 11 women
11 women 12 of
12 of 14 age
13 reproductive 14 age
15 ( 17 -
16 21 17 -
17 - 19 years
17 - 20 )
18 40 19 years
21 to 22 assess
22 assess 24 attitudes
22 assess 28 called
23 public 24 attitudes
24 attitudes 25 towards
24 attitudes 28 called
25 towards 27 phenomenon
26 the 27 phenomenon
28 called 31 oocyte
28 called 32 freezing
30 social 31 oocyte

women were questioned on their awareness of the age - related fertility decline and their views and intentions towards considering undergoing oocyte cryopreservation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 questioned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 women 2 were
2 were 3 questioned
3 questioned 4 on
4 on 6 awareness
5 their 6 awareness
6 awareness 7 of
7 of 9 age
8 the 9 age
10 - 13 decline
10 - 14 and
10 - 24 .
11 related 12 fertility
12 fertility 13 decline
14 and 17 and
14 and 22 oocyte
15 their 16 views
16 views 17 and
17 and 18 intentions
17 and 19 towards
17 and 22 oocyte
19 towards 20 considering
20 considering 21 undergoing
22 oocyte 23 cryopreservation

results : the electronic questionnaire was completed by 1049 women , giving a response rate of 55 % , and [25] were excluded as they were incomplete/inconsistent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 questionnaire
2 : 20 and
2 : 28 .
3 the 5 questionnaire
4 electronic 5 questionnaire
5 questionnaire 20 and
6 was 7 completed
6 was 20 and
7 completed 8 by
7 completed 12 giving
8 by 10 women
9 1049 10 women
11 , 12 giving
12 giving 15 rate
12 giving 19 ,
13 a 15 rate
14 response 15 rate
15 rate 16 of
16 of 18 %
17 55 18 %
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 were
22 were 23 excluded
23 excluded 24 as
24 as 25 they
24 as 26 were
24 as 27 incomplete/inconsistent
25 they 26 were

our results demonstrate that 31.5 % of respondents consider themselves as potential social oocyte freezers , of which 3.1 % would definitely consider the procedure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 6 %
4 that 9 consider
5 31.5 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 9 consider
7 of 8 respondents
9 consider 10 themselves
9 consider 11 as
11 as 15 freezers
12 potential 15 freezers
13 social 15 freezers
14 oocyte 15 freezers
15 freezers 17 of
16 , 17 of
17 of 18 which
17 of 26 .
18 which 20 %
18 which 23 consider
19 3.1 20 %
20 % 21 would
21 would 23 consider
22 definitely 23 consider
23 consider 25 procedure
24 the 25 procedure

just over half of the women ( 51.8 % ) would not consider the procedure while 16.7 % indicated they had no opinion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 just 2 over
2 over 3 half
3 half 4 of
3 half 11 would
4 of 6 women
5 the 6 women
6 women 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 51.8 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 would 12 not
11 would 13 consider
13 consider 15 procedure
13 consider 16 while
14 the 15 procedure
16 while 18 %
16 while 19 indicated
17 16.7 18 %
18 % 19 indicated
19 indicated 20 they
19 indicated 21 had
20 they 21 had
21 had 23 opinion
22 no 23 opinion

potential oocyte freezers are characterized by a higher number of desired children and more openness to oocyte donation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 freezers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 potential 3 freezers
2 oocyte 3 freezers
3 freezers 4 are
4 are 5 characterized
5 characterized 6 by
5 characterized 16 to
6 by 13 and
7 a 9 number
8 higher 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 12 children
10 of 12 children
11 desired 12 children
12 children 13 and
13 and 15 openness
14 more 15 openness
16 to 17 oocyte
17 oocyte 18 donation

the decision to actually embark on such treatment would primarily depend on conditions , such as the procedure not affecting their natural fertility and the health of future children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 depend
1 the 2 decision
2 decision 3 to
2 decision 5 embark
2 decision 9 would
3 to 5 embark
4 actually 5 embark
5 embark 6 on
6 on 8 treatment
7 such 8 treatment
9 would 11 depend
10 primarily 11 depend
11 depend 12 on
12 on 13 conditions
13 conditions 16 as
14 , 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 24 and
16 as 30 .
17 the 18 procedure
18 procedure 19 not
18 procedure 24 and
19 not 20 affecting
20 affecting 23 fertility
21 their 23 fertility
22 natural 23 fertility
24 and 26 health
24 and 27 of
25 the 26 health
27 of 29 children
28 future 29 children

conclusions : we conclude that a significant proportion of young women would consider safeguarding their reproductive potential or [are] at least open to the idea of social oocyte freezing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conclude
3 we 4 conclude
4 conclude 5 that
5 that 8 proportion
5 that 13 consider
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 proportion
7 significant 8 proportion
8 proportion 9 of
8 proportion 12 would
9 of 11 women
10 young 11 women
12 would 13 consider
13 consider 14 safeguarding
14 safeguarding 18 or
14 safeguarding 23 to
15 their 17 potential
16 reproductive 17 potential
17 potential 18 or
18 or 21 least
18 or 22 open
20 at 21 least
23 to 25 idea
24 the 25 idea
25 idea 26 of
26 of 28 oocyte
27 social 28 oocyte
28 oocyte 29 freezing

package opening tasks have been identified as some of the most challenging that individuals need to perform to access food . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tasks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 perform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 package 2 opening
2 opening 3 tasks
3 tasks 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 identified
6 identified 7 as
7 as 8 some
8 some 9 of
8 some 14 individuals
8 some 17 perform
9 of 11 most
10 the 11 most
11 most 12 challenging
12 challenging 13 that
14 individuals 15 need
15 need 16 to
15 need 17 perform
16 to 17 perform
17 perform 18 to
18 to 19 access
19 access 20 food

there is little previous study of the 3 d hand loading that is required to open these products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 study
3 little 5 study
4 previous 5 study
5 study 6 of
6 of 10 hand
7 the 10 hand
8 3 9 d
9 d 10 hand
10 hand 11 loading
11 loading 14 required
11 loading 15 to
12 that 13 is
13 is 14 required
15 to 16 open
16 open 18 products
17 these 18 products

a novel load measuring device was used to characterise torque , squeeze and compression forces during the dynamic action of jar opening for young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 device
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 novel
1 a 5 device
2 novel 5 device
3 load 5 device
4 measuring 5 device
5 device 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 characterise
8 to 9 characterise
9 characterise 13 and
9 characterise 16 during
9 characterise 23 for
10 torque 11 ,
11 , 12 squeeze
11 , 13 and
13 and 15 forces
14 compression 15 forces
16 during 19 action
17 the 19 action
18 dynamic 19 action
19 action 20 of
20 of 22 opening
21 jar 22 opening
23 for 27 adults
24 young 25 and
25 and 26 older
25 and 27 adults

the current study showed that the older adults used lower squeeze forces ( 86.1 n vs [.] 95.4 n [ )(and higher compressive forces ( 26.9 [n] vs [.] 25.2 n ) on the jar lid than younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 8 adults
5 that 11 squeeze
6 the 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 used
8 adults 11 squeeze
9 used 10 lower
11 squeeze 12 forces
11 squeeze 33 on
11 squeeze 37 than
12 forces 24 forces
13 ( 24 forces
14 86.1 24 forces
15 n 16 vs
15 n 21 )(and
16 vs 19 n
18 95.4 19 n
21 )(and 22 higher
21 )(and 24 forces
23 compressive 24 forces
24 forces 26 26.9
24 forces 32 )
25 ( 26 26.9
26 26.9 28 vs
26 26.9 32 )
28 vs 31 n
30 25.2 31 n
33 on 36 lid
34 the 36 lid
35 jar 36 lid
37 than 39 adults
38 younger 39 adults

older adults tended to apply loading to the jar lid slower [(] 0.038 nm/s vs [.] 0.044 nm/s [ )(and [to] open [the] jar at a slower rate [(] 0.84 [rad/s] vs [.] 1.59 rad/s [ )(than young adults [whilst] using a higher proportion of their maximal grip strength [(] 40 [%] vs [.] 27 % [ )(indicating that older adults used a more cautious opening strategy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tended
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 tended
3 tended 4 to
3 tended 7 to
3 tended 11 slower
3 tended 14 nm/s
4 to 5 apply
5 apply 6 loading
7 to 10 lid
8 the 10 lid
9 jar 10 lid
13 0.038 14 nm/s
14 nm/s 15 vs
15 vs 20 )(and
17 0.044 18 nm/s
18 nm/s 20 )(and
20 )(and 24 jar
20 )(and 25 at
20 )(and 32 vs
22 open 24 jar
25 at 28 rate
26 a 28 rate
27 slower 28 rate
28 rate 30 0.84
32 vs 39 adults
34 1.59 39 adults
35 rad/s 39 adults
37 )(than 38 young
38 young 39 adults
39 adults 41 using
39 adults 45 of
41 using 44 proportion
42 a 44 proportion
43 higher 44 proportion
45 of 49 strength
46 their 49 strength
47 maximal 48 grip
48 grip 49 strength
49 strength 51 40
49 strength 53 vs
53 vs 56 %
55 27 56 %
56 % 58 )(indicating
56 % 62 used
58 )(indicating 59 that
59 that 61 adults
59 that 62 used
60 older 61 adults
61 adults 62 used
62 used 67 strategy
62 used 68 .
63 a 67 strategy
64 more 65 cautious
65 cautious 66 opening
66 opening 67 strategy

these differences suggest that a simple maximal torque test is not sufficient to characterise older adults ' abilities in relation to package opening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 differences
2 differences 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 9 test
4 that 14 characterise
5 a 6 simple
5 a 9 test
6 simple 8 torque
7 maximal 8 torque
8 torque 9 test
9 test 10 is
10 is 11 not
10 is 12 sufficient
11 not 12 sufficient
12 sufficient 13 to
12 sufficient 14 characterise
13 to 14 characterise
14 characterise 18 abilities
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 '
17 ' 18 abilities
18 abilities 19 in
18 abilities 23 opening
19 in 20 relation
20 relation 21 to
20 relation 22 package
21 to 22 package

the loading required to open packaging should be understood to ensure that packaging design is developed to be inclusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 loading
2 loading 3 required
2 loading 7 should
3 required 4 to
3 required 5 open
4 to 5 open
5 open 6 packaging
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 understood
9 understood 10 to
10 to 11 ensure
11 ensure 12 that
12 that 13 packaging
12 that 16 developed
13 packaging 14 design
13 packaging 15 is
15 is 16 developed
16 developed 17 to
17 to 18 be
18 be 19 inclusive

this is the first report of realistic complex packaging opening loading presented in the literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 report
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 report
5 report 6 of
6 of 9 packaging
7 realistic 9 packaging
8 complex 9 packaging
9 packaging 10 opening
9 packaging 11 loading
11 loading 12 presented
11 loading 13 in
13 in 15 literature
14 the 15 literature

[during] [gait] the body is in a continuous state of imbalance , with each subsequent step preventing a fall . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 body
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
3 the 4 body
4 body 5 is
5 is 6 in
6 in 9 state
7 a 8 continuous
7 a 9 state
8 continuous 9 state
9 state 10 of
10 of 11 imbalance
11 imbalance 13 with
12 , 13 with
13 with 16 step
13 with 20 .
14 each 16 step
15 subsequent 16 step
16 step 17 preventing
17 preventing 19 fall
18 a 19 fall

gait balance is maintained by regulating the interactions between the center [of] mass ( com ) and base of support ( bos ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 balance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 gait 2 balance
2 balance 3 is
3 is 4 maintained
4 maintained 5 by
5 by 6 regulating
6 regulating 17 and
7 the 8 interactions
8 interactions 9 between
8 interactions 17 and
9 between 13 mass
10 the 13 mass
11 center 13 mass
13 mass 15 com
14 ( 15 com
15 com 16 )
17 and 18 base
17 and 19 of
19 of 20 support
20 support 22 bos
21 ( 22 bos
22 bos 23 )

the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of the com position and velocity ( comv ) in relation to the dynamically changing bos throughout [gait] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 interaction
8 investigate 22 to
8 investigate 27 throughout
9 the 10 interaction
10 interaction 11 of
11 of 15 and
12 the 14 position
13 com 14 position
14 position 15 and
15 and 16 velocity
15 and 18 comv
17 ( 18 comv
18 comv 19 )
20 in 21 relation
21 relation 22 to
22 to 26 bos
23 the 26 bos
24 dynamically 25 changing
25 changing 26 bos

these interactions were investigated in healthy young adults , healthy older adults , and elderly fallers , who performed level walking at a self - selected speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 interactions
2 interactions 3 were
3 were 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 in
5 in 8 adults
6 healthy 8 adults
7 young 8 adults
9 , 14 and
9 , 26 selected
10 healthy 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 fallers
14 and 18 who
14 and 26 selected
15 elderly 16 fallers
17 , 18 who
18 who 19 performed
18 who 25 -
19 performed 20 level
19 performed 22 at
20 level 21 walking
22 at 24 self
23 a 24 self
26 selected 27 speed

elderly fallers demonstrated a conservative com - bos separation at toe [off] [and] reduced balance control ability , specifically a decreased time to contact , when compared to healthy young adults [at] heel [strike] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fallers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 elderly 2 fallers
2 fallers 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 6 com
4 a 6 com
5 conservative 6 com
6 com 9 separation
6 com 22 time
7 - 9 separation
8 bos 9 separation
9 separation 10 at
9 separation 18 ,
10 at 17 ability
11 toe 14 reduced
14 reduced 15 balance
15 balance 17 ability
16 control 17 ability
18 , 19 specifically
18 , 22 time
20 a 22 time
21 decreased 22 time
22 time 23 to
22 time 25 ,
23 to 24 contact
25 , 33 heel
26 when 27 compared
26 when 33 heel
27 compared 28 to
28 to 31 adults
29 healthy 31 adults
30 young 31 adults

decreased time available in responding [to] perturbations might result in a greater number of falls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 decreased 2 time
2 time 3 available
2 time 7 perturbations
2 time 14 of
2 time 15 falls
3 available 4 in
4 in 5 responding
7 perturbations 8 might
8 might 9 result
9 result 10 in
10 in 13 number
11 a 13 number
12 greater 13 number
13 number 14 of

understanding foot position and com trajectories might allow for appropriate rehabilitation practices . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 practices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 understanding 4 and
1 understanding 10 appropriate
1 understanding 12 practices
2 foot 3 position
3 position 4 and
4 and 5 com
4 and 6 trajectories
4 and 9 for
4 and 10 appropriate
6 trajectories 7 might
7 might 9 for
8 allow 9 for
10 appropriate 11 rehabilitation

background : reference values and age - related changes of the wall thickness of the abdominal aorta have not been described in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 21 described
3 reference 4 values
4 values 5 and
5 and 6 age
5 and 18 have
7 - 8 related
8 related 9 changes
8 related 18 have
9 changes 10 of
9 changes 14 of
10 of 13 thickness
11 the 13 thickness
12 wall 13 thickness
14 of 17 aorta
15 the 17 aorta
16 abdominal 17 aorta
18 have 19 not
18 have 20 been
20 been 21 described
21 described 22 in
22 in 25 population
23 the 25 population
24 general 25 population

we characterized age [-] , race [-] , and gender - specific distributions , and yearly rates of change of mean aortic wall thickness ( mawt ) , and associations between mawt and cardiovascular risk factors in a multi - ethnic population - based probability sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 we 2 characterized
2 characterized 15 and
3 age 5 ,
5 , 6 race
5 , 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 10 gender
9 and 13 distributions
9 and 15 and
11 - 13 distributions
12 specific 13 distributions
13 distributions 14 ,
15 and 17 rates
15 and 18 of
16 yearly 17 rates
18 of 33 and
19 change 20 of
19 change 29 and
20 of 24 thickness
21 mean 24 thickness
22 aortic 23 wall
23 wall 24 thickness
24 thickness 26 mawt
25 ( 26 mawt
26 mawt 27 )
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 associations
29 and 33 and
30 associations 31 between
31 between 32 mawt
33 and 36 factors
33 and 37 in
34 cardiovascular 36 factors
35 risk 36 factors
37 in 46 sample
38 a 46 sample
39 multi 42 population
39 multi 43 -
39 multi 46 sample
40 - 42 population
41 ethnic 42 population
42 population 43 -
44 based 46 sample
45 probability 46 sample

methods : magnetic resonance imaging measurements of mawt were performed on 2466 free - living white , black , and hispanic adult subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 6 measurements
2 : 10 performed
3 magnetic 6 measurements
4 resonance 6 measurements
5 imaging 6 measurements
6 measurements 7 of
6 measurements 9 were
7 of 8 mawt
9 were 10 performed
10 performed 11 on
11 on 23 subjects
12 2466 23 subjects
13 free 16 white
13 free 23 subjects
14 - 16 white
15 living 16 white
16 white 17 ,
18 black 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 hispanic
20 and 23 subjects
22 adult 23 subjects

mawt race/ethnicity - and gender - specific percentile values across age were estimated using regression analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 mawt 2 race/ethnicity
2 race/ethnicity 4 and
3 - 4 and
4 and 5 gender
6 - 9 values
6 - 13 estimated
6 - 17 .
7 specific 9 values
8 percentile 9 values
9 values 10 across
9 values 12 were
10 across 11 age
12 were 13 estimated
13 estimated 14 using
14 using 16 analyses
15 regression 16 analyses

results : mawt was greater in men than in women and increased linearly with age in all the groups and across all the percentiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 mawt
2 : 11 and
2 : 25 .
3 mawt 11 and
4 was 5 greater
4 was 11 and
5 greater 6 in
5 greater 8 than
6 in 7 men
8 than 9 in
9 in 10 women
11 and 12 increased
11 and 13 linearly
11 and 14 with
14 with 15 age
15 age 20 and
16 in 17 all
16 in 20 and
17 all 18 the
17 all 19 groups
18 the 19 groups
20 and 21 across
21 across 22 all
22 all 23 the
22 all 24 percentiles
23 the 24 percentiles

hispanic women had the thinnest and black [men] the thickest aortas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 hispanic 2 women
2 women 6 and
3 had 5 thinnest
3 had 6 and
4 the 5 thinnest
6 and 7 black
7 black 11 aortas
9 the 10 thickest
9 the 11 aortas

black men had the highest and white women the lowest age - related mawt increase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 black 2 men
2 men 3 had
3 had 5 highest
4 the 5 highest
6 and 8 women
6 and 15 increase
7 white 8 women
8 women 10 lowest
8 women 11 age
8 women 15 increase
9 the 10 lowest
10 lowest 11 age
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 mawt
13 related 15 increase

age , gender , ethnicity , smoking status , systolic blood pressure , low - density lipoprotein - cholesterol levels , high - density lipoprotein - cholesterol levels , and fasting glucose levels were independent predictors of mawt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 , 30 and
2 , 34 were
3 gender 4 ,
4 , 5 ethnicity
4 , 6 ,
6 , 8 status
6 , 9 ,
7 smoking 8 status
9 , 12 pressure
9 , 13 ,
10 systolic 12 pressure
11 blood 12 pressure
13 , 20 levels
13 , 21 ,
14 low 17 lipoprotein
14 low 19 cholesterol
15 - 17 lipoprotein
16 density 17 lipoprotein
17 lipoprotein 18 -
19 cholesterol 20 levels
21 , 28 levels
21 , 30 and
22 high 25 lipoprotein
22 high 26 -
22 high 28 levels
23 - 25 lipoprotein
24 density 25 lipoprotein
25 lipoprotein 26 -
27 cholesterol 28 levels
29 , 30 and
30 and 33 levels
30 and 34 were
31 fasting 32 glucose
32 glucose 33 levels
34 were 36 predictors
35 independent 36 predictors
36 predictors 37 of
37 of 38 mawt

conclusions : age , gender , and racial/ethnic differences in mawt distributions exist in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 : 7 and
2 : 13 exist
3 age 4 ,
4 , 5 gender
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 differences
7 and 10 in
7 and 13 exist
8 racial/ethnic 9 differences
10 in 12 distributions
11 mawt 12 distributions
13 exist 14 in
14 in 17 population
15 the 17 population
16 general 17 population

such differences should be considered in future investigations assessing aortic atherosclerosis and the effects of anti - atherosclerotic therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 such 2 differences
2 differences 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 considered
5 considered 6 in
6 in 12 and
7 future 8 investigations
8 investigations 9 assessing
8 investigations 12 and
9 assessing 11 atherosclerosis
10 aortic 11 atherosclerosis
12 and 14 effects
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 effects
15 of 19 therapies
16 anti 17 -
16 anti 19 therapies
18 atherosclerotic 19 therapies

objective : to understand the relationship between eye contact and patient - centered communication ( pc ) in physician [-] elder patient interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 understand
2 : 24 .
3 to 4 understand
4 understand 10 and
4 understand 18 in
5 the 6 relationship
6 relationship 7 between
6 relationship 10 and
7 between 9 contact
8 eye 9 contact
10 and 14 communication
10 and 16 pc
11 patient 12 -
11 patient 14 communication
13 centered 14 communication
15 ( 16 pc
16 pc 17 )
18 in 23 interactions
19 physician 21 elder
21 elder 23 interactions
22 patient 23 interactions

methods : two instruments - patient - centered behavior coding instrument ( pbci ) and eurocommunication global ratings scale - were used to measure pc in 22 national institute of aging videotapes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 instruments
2 : 22 used
3 two 4 instruments
4 instruments 19 scale
4 instruments 21 were
5 - 19 scale
6 patient 7 -
6 patient 19 scale
8 centered 19 scale
9 behavior 10 coding
10 coding 11 instrument
11 instrument 13 pbci
12 ( 13 pbci
13 pbci 14 )
13 pbci 15 and
15 and 16 eurocommunication
16 eurocommunication 17 global
17 global 18 ratings
18 ratings 19 scale
19 scale 20 -
21 were 22 used
22 used 23 to
22 used 32 videotapes
23 to 24 measure
24 measure 25 pc
24 measure 26 in
26 in 27 22
27 22 29 institute
27 22 32 videotapes
28 national 29 institute
29 institute 30 of
29 institute 32 videotapes
30 of 31 aging

eye contact was measured using a refined eye contact scale in ndept . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 eye 2 contact
2 contact 3 was
3 was 4 measured
4 measured 5 using
5 using 10 scale
5 using 11 in
6 a 10 scale
7 refined 8 eye
8 eye 10 scale
9 contact 10 scale
11 in 12 ndept

qualitative observational techniques were used to understand how eye contact can implicate communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 qualitative 3 techniques
2 observational 3 techniques
3 techniques 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 understand
6 to 7 understand
7 understand 8 how
8 how 10 contact
8 how 12 implicate
9 eye 10 contact
10 contact 11 can
11 can 12 implicate
12 implicate 13 communication

results : ['] high ['] eye contact tapes were found to be ['] high ['] in pc using both instruments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 tapes
2 : 10 found
2 : 21 .
4 high 8 tapes
6 eye 7 contact
7 contact 8 tapes
8 tapes 9 were
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 to
11 to 12 be
12 be 14 high
14 high 16 in
14 high 18 using
16 in 17 pc
18 using 20 instruments
19 both 20 instruments

however , the majority of ['] low ['] tapes were also found to be ['] high ['] in pc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 tapes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 9 tapes
3 the 4 majority
4 majority 5 of
4 majority 9 tapes
5 of 9 tapes
7 low 9 tapes
9 tapes 10 were
10 were 12 found
11 also 12 found
12 found 13 to
13 to 14 be
14 be 16 high
16 high 18 in
18 in 19 pc

physicians ' behavior distinctly differed in two ways : [(] 1 [ )(high tapes were characterized by more ['] sustained ['] eye contact episodes [;] low tapes [consisted] of a greater number of ['] brief ['] episodes [;] ( 2 ) brief episode tapes showed a greater focus on ['] charts ' [,] i.e [.] ['] listening ['] was bereft of ['] looking ['] [;] sustained episodes showed a focus on ['] patients ' [,] i.e [.] ['] listening ['] was accompanied by ['] looking ['] indicating patient - centered communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 behavior
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differed
1 physicians 2 '
2 ' 3 behavior
3 behavior 5 differed
4 distinctly 5 differed
5 differed 6 in
5 differed 8 ways
6 in 7 two
8 ways 9 :
9 : 13 )(high
9 : 16 characterized
11 1 13 )(high
13 )(high 14 tapes
13 )(high 15 were
13 )(high 16 characterized
14 tapes 15 were
16 characterized 17 by
16 characterized 23 contact
17 by 18 more
20 sustained 22 eye
22 eye 23 contact
23 contact 24 episodes
23 contact 26 low
24 episodes 26 low
26 low 27 tapes
27 tapes 29 of
29 of 32 number
30 a 32 number
31 greater 32 number
32 number 33 of
32 number 37 episodes
32 number 42 brief
33 of 35 brief
37 episodes 40 2
37 episodes 42 brief
39 ( 40 2
40 2 41 )
42 brief 43 episode
43 episode 44 tapes
43 episode 45 showed
44 tapes 45 showed
45 showed 48 focus
45 showed 54 i.e
46 a 48 focus
47 greater 48 focus
48 focus 49 on
49 on 52 '
51 charts 52 '
54 i.e 57 listening
54 i.e 59 was
54 i.e 60 bereft
54 i.e 61 of
57 listening 59 was
61 of 63 looking
63 looking 67 episodes
63 looking 68 showed
63 looking 71 on
66 sustained 67 episodes
67 episodes 68 showed
68 showed 70 focus
69 a 70 focus
71 on 76 i.e
73 patients 74 '
74 ' 76 i.e
76 i.e 79 listening
76 i.e 87 indicating
79 listening 81 was
81 was 82 accompanied
82 accompanied 83 by
83 by 85 looking
85 looking 87 indicating
87 indicating 88 patient
88 patient 91 communication
89 - 91 communication
90 centered 91 communication
91 communication 92 .

conclusions : a comprehensive understanding of elder patient - physician interaction needs to include both - ['] listening ['] and ['] looking ['] - components of patient - centered communication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 5 understanding
3 a 5 understanding
4 comprehensive 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 20 and
7 elder 18 listening
8 patient 12 needs
8 patient 18 listening
9 - 12 needs
10 physician 11 interaction
11 interaction 12 needs
12 needs 13 to
12 needs 14 include
12 needs 16 -
13 to 14 include
14 include 15 both
18 listening 20 and
20 and 22 looking
24 - 25 components
25 components 26 of
26 of 30 communication
27 patient 28 -
27 patient 30 communication
29 centered 30 communication

practice implications : eye contact serves as a salient factor in the expression of pc , making it imperative to incorporate as a nonverbal dimension in pc instruments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 practice 2 implications
3 : 4 eye
4 eye 6 serves
4 eye 7 as
4 eye 17 making
5 contact 6 serves
7 as 10 factor
8 a 10 factor
9 salient 10 factor
10 factor 11 in
10 factor 14 of
11 in 13 expression
12 the 13 expression
14 of 15 pc
16 , 17 making
17 making 18 it
17 making 28 instruments
17 making 29 .
18 it 19 imperative
19 imperative 20 to
19 imperative 21 incorporate
20 to 21 incorporate
21 incorporate 22 as
21 incorporate 26 in
22 as 25 dimension
23 a 24 nonverbal
23 a 25 dimension
24 nonverbal 25 dimension
26 in 27 pc

most available studies on lead smelter emissions deal with the environmental impact of outdoor particles , but only a few focus on air quality at workplaces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 deal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 most 2 available
2 available 3 studies
3 studies 4 on
3 studies 8 deal
4 on 7 emissions
5 lead 7 emissions
6 smelter 7 emissions
8 deal 9 with
9 with 12 impact
10 the 12 impact
11 environmental 12 impact
12 impact 13 of
13 of 15 particles
14 outdoor 15 particles
16 , 17 but
17 but 20 few
17 but 21 focus
18 only 20 few
19 a 20 few
20 few 21 focus
21 focus 22 on
21 focus 25 at
22 on 24 quality
23 air 24 quality
25 at 26 workplaces

the objective of this study is to physically [and] chemically characterize the pb - rich particles emitted at different workplaces in a lead recycling plant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 11 characterize
7 to 11 characterize
8 physically 11 characterize
10 chemically 11 characterize
11 characterize 13 pb
12 the 13 pb
14 - 16 particles
15 rich 16 particles
16 particles 17 emitted
17 emitted 18 at
17 emitted 21 in
18 at 20 workplaces
19 different 20 workplaces
21 in 25 plant
22 a 25 plant
23 lead 25 plant
24 recycling 25 plant

a multi - scale characterization was conducted from bulk analysis to the level of individual particles , to assess the particles properties in relation with pb [speciation] and availability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scale
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 a 2 multi
1 a 4 scale
2 multi 3 -
2 multi 4 scale
4 scale 5 characterization
4 scale 6 was
4 scale 7 conducted
5 characterization 6 was
7 conducted 8 from
7 conducted 11 to
8 from 10 analysis
9 bulk 10 analysis
11 to 13 level
12 the 13 level
13 level 14 of
14 of 16 particles
15 individual 16 particles
17 , 18 to
17 , 19 assess
18 to 19 assess
19 assess 22 properties
19 assess 23 in
19 assess 25 with
20 the 22 properties
21 particles 22 properties
23 in 24 relation
25 with 28 and
26 pb 28 and
28 and 29 availability

process [pm] from various origins were sampled and then compared ; namely furnace and refining [pm] respectively present in the smelter and at refinery workplaces [,] emissions [pm] present in channeled emissions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 process 3 from
1 process 8 and
3 from 5 origins
4 various 5 origins
6 were 7 sampled
6 were 8 and
8 and 10 compared
9 then 10 compared
11 ; 14 and
11 ; 18 present
12 namely 14 and
13 furnace 14 and
14 and 15 refining
14 and 18 present
17 respectively 18 present
18 present 22 and
18 present 27 emissions
19 in 21 smelter
19 in 22 and
20 the 21 smelter
22 and 23 at
23 at 25 workplaces
24 refinery 25 workplaces
27 emissions 29 present
29 present 30 in
30 in 32 emissions
31 channeled 32 emissions

these particles first differed by their morphology and size distribution , with finer particles found in emissions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 particles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 these 2 particles
2 particles 8 and
3 first 4 differed
4 differed 5 by
4 differed 8 and
5 by 7 morphology
6 their 7 morphology
8 and 9 size
9 size 10 distribution
10 distribution 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 particles
12 with 18 .
13 finer 14 particles
14 particles 15 found
15 found 16 in
16 in 17 emissions

differences observed in chemical composition could be explained by the industrial processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 explained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 differences 2 observed
1 differences 6 could
2 observed 3 in
3 in 5 composition
4 chemical 5 composition
6 could 7 be
7 be 8 explained
8 explained 9 by
9 by 12 processes
10 the 12 processes
11 industrial 12 processes

all [pm] contained the same major phases ( pb , pbs , pbo , pbso ( 4 ) and pbo·pbso ( 4 ) ) but differed on the nature and amount of minor phases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 all 25 but
3 contained 7 phases
3 contained 25 but
4 the 5 same
4 the 7 phases
6 major 7 phases
7 phases 19 and
8 ( 19 and
9 pb 10 ,
10 , 11 pbs
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 pbo
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 pbso
14 , 19 and
15 pbso 17 4
16 ( 17 4
17 4 18 )
19 and 20 pbo·pbso
19 and 24 )
20 pbo·pbso 22 4
21 ( 22 4
22 4 23 )
25 but 26 differed
26 differed 27 on
27 on 30 and
28 the 29 nature
29 nature 30 and
30 and 31 amount
30 and 32 of
32 of 34 phases
33 minor 34 phases

due to high content in [pm] [,] pb concentrations in the cacl ( 2 ) extractant reached relatively high values ( 40 mg l [(] - 1 ) [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 extractant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 )(
1 due 2 to
2 to 4 content
2 to 9 concentrations
3 high 4 content
4 content 5 in
5 in 8 pb
9 concentrations 10 in
9 concentrations 14 2
9 concentrations 16 extractant
10 in 12 cacl
11 the 12 cacl
13 ( 14 2
14 2 15 )
16 extractant 20 values
17 reached 20 values
18 relatively 19 high
19 high 20 values
20 values 26 -
21 ( 26 -
22 40 23 mg
22 40 26 -
23 mg 24 l
26 - 27 1
26 - 28 )

however , [the] [ratios] ( soluble/total ) of cacl ( 2 ) exchangeable pb were relatively low ( < 0.02 % ) [in] comparison with cd ( up to 18 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 pb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 14 pb
5 ( 6 soluble/total
6 soluble/total 7 )
6 soluble/total 14 pb
8 of 9 cacl
8 of 14 pb
9 cacl 11 2
10 ( 11 2
11 2 12 )
13 exchangeable 14 pb
14 pb 15 were
15 were 16 relatively
15 were 24 comparison
17 low 21 %
17 low 24 comparison
18 ( 21 %
19 < 20 0.02
20 0.02 21 %
21 % 22 )
24 comparison 25 with
25 with 26 cd
26 cd 31 %
27 ( 31 %
28 up 29 to
29 to 30 18
30 18 31 %
31 % 32 )

these results highlight the interest to assess the soluble fractions of all metals ( minor and major ) and discuss both total metal concentrations and ratios for risk evaluations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 19 and
3 highlight 5 interest
3 highlight 6 to
3 highlight 19 and
4 the 5 interest
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 10 fractions
8 the 10 fractions
9 soluble 10 fractions
10 fractions 11 of
10 fractions 16 and
11 of 13 metals
12 all 13 metals
14 ( 16 and
15 minor 16 and
16 and 17 major
16 and 18 )
19 and 20 discuss
19 and 27 for
19 and 29 evaluations
20 discuss 25 and
21 both 25 and
22 total 23 metal
23 metal 24 concentrations
24 concentrations 25 and
25 and 26 ratios
27 for 28 risk

in most cases metal extractability increased with decreasing size of particles , in particular , lead exchangeability was [highest] for channeled emissions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 metal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 most
1 in 3 cases
3 cases 4 metal
4 metal 5 extractability
4 metal 7 with
5 extractability 6 increased
7 with 8 decreasing
8 decreasing 9 size
9 size 10 of
9 size 14 particular
10 of 11 particles
12 , 14 particular
13 in 14 particular
14 particular 15 ,
15 , 17 exchangeability
15 , 18 was
16 lead 17 exchangeability
17 exchangeability 18 was
18 was 20 for
20 for 22 emissions
21 channeled 22 emissions

such type of study could help in the choice of targeted sanitary protection procedures and for further toxicological investigations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 such 2 type
2 type 3 of
2 type 4 study
3 of 4 study
4 study 5 could
5 could 6 help
6 help 15 and
7 in 9 choice
7 in 15 and
8 the 9 choice
9 choice 10 of
10 of 14 procedures
11 targeted 13 protection
12 sanitary 13 protection
13 protection 14 procedures
15 and 16 for
16 for 19 investigations
17 further 19 investigations
18 toxicological 19 investigations

in the present context , particular attention is given to emissions and furnace [pm] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 attention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 4 context
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 attention
2 the 4 context
3 present 4 context
6 particular 7 attention
7 attention 8 is
8 is 9 given
9 given 10 to
10 to 12 and
11 emissions 12 and
12 and 13 furnace

moreover , exposure to other metals than [pb] should be considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 exposure
3 exposure 4 to
3 exposure 9 should
4 to 6 metals
5 other 6 metals
7 than 9 should
9 should 10 be
10 be 11 considered

objective : to determine the presence , degree , and extent of lymphatic , elastic , and collagen fiber alterations in dermatochalasis [(] [dc] ) specimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 10 and
5 the 10 and
6 presence 7 ,
7 , 8 degree
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 extent
10 and 12 of
12 of 26 specimens
13 lymphatic 17 and
13 lymphatic 26 specimens
14 , 17 and
15 elastic 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 20 alterations
17 and 21 in
17 and 25 )
18 collagen 20 alterations
19 fiber 20 alterations
21 in 22 dermatochalasis

design : case control study of patients [with] [dc] compared with age - [,] gender - , and site - matched controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 study
3 case 5 study
4 control 5 study
5 study 6 of
6 of 18 and
7 patients 10 compared
7 patients 18 and
10 compared 11 with
11 with 12 age
12 age 15 gender
13 - 15 gender
15 gender 16 -
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 site
20 - 22 controls
20 - 23 .
21 matched 22 controls

participants : a total of 25 eyelid specimens were studied ; 15 of these were blepharoplasty specimens ( [experimental] [ )(and 10 were entropion/ectropion specimens of patients [without] [dc] ( controls ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 specimens
4 total 9 were
4 total 10 studied
5 of 6 25
7 eyelid 8 specimens
8 specimens 9 were
11 ; 12 15
11 ; 15 were
11 ; 21 )(and
12 15 13 of
12 15 15 were
13 of 14 these
15 were 17 specimens
16 blepharoplasty 17 specimens
18 ( 21 )(and
21 )(and 22 10
21 )(and 23 were
22 10 23 were
23 were 25 specimens
24 entropion/ectropion 25 specimens
25 specimens 26 of
26 of 27 patients
27 patients 31 controls
30 ( 31 controls
31 controls 32 )

methods : the number and maximal dilation of lymphangiectasia was measured by light microscopy , immunohistochemistry with lymphatic marker d2 - 40 , and elastic tissue content by verhoeff - van gieson histochemistry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 number
3 the 4 number
5 and 7 dilation
5 and 11 measured
6 maximal 7 dilation
7 dilation 8 of
7 dilation 10 was
8 of 9 lymphangiectasia
10 was 11 measured
11 measured 12 by
11 measured 15 ,
11 measured 16 immunohistochemistry
12 by 14 microscopy
13 light 14 microscopy
16 immunohistochemistry 17 with
17 with 33 histochemistry
18 lymphatic 19 marker
19 marker 31 van
20 d2 22 40
20 d2 24 and
21 - 22 40
22 40 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 27 content
24 and 30 -
24 and 31 van
25 elastic 27 content
26 tissue 27 content
27 content 28 by
28 by 29 verhoeff
31 van 33 histochemistry
32 gieson 33 histochemistry

the number of macrophages was compared between patients [with] [dc] and controls in cd68 immunostained specimens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 11 and
3 of 4 macrophages
5 was 6 compared
5 was 11 and
6 compared 7 between
7 between 8 patients
11 and 12 controls
11 and 13 in
11 and 16 specimens
13 in 14 cd68
14 cd68 15 immunostained

main outcome measures : lymphatic density , edema , and inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 10 and
5 lymphatic 6 density
6 density 7 ,
7 , 8 edema
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 inflammation

results : dermatochalasis eyelid specimens showed increased lymphangiectasia density [(] 5.6 vs [.] 2.4 lymphatics/high power field [;] p<0.05 [ )( maximal lymphatic dilation [(] 127 vs [.] 51.5 μm [;] p<0.05 [ )( loss of elastic fibers [(] 2.2 vs [.] 8.9 fibers/high power field [;] p<0.05 [ )(, and greater disruption of collagen networks and edema compared with controls ( increased stromal collagen bed [of] 752 vs [.] 269 [μm] [;] p<0.05 [;] increased intercollagen space of 32.5 vs [.] 11.8 [μm] [;] p<0.05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 specimens
2 : 6 showed
3 dermatochalasis 5 specimens
4 eyelid 5 specimens
5 specimens 6 showed
6 showed 9 density
6 showed 11 5.6
6 showed 15 lymphatics/high
7 increased 9 density
8 lymphangiectasia 9 density
11 5.6 12 vs
11 5.6 15 lymphatics/high
12 vs 14 2.4
15 lymphatics/high 24 dilation
16 power 24 dilation
17 field 24 dilation
19 p<0.05 24 dilation
22 maximal 24 dilation
23 lymphatic 24 dilation
24 dilation 26 127
24 dilation 27 vs
27 vs 35 loss
29 51.5 30 μm
30 μm 35 loss
32 p<0.05 35 loss
35 loss 36 of
35 loss 38 fibers
35 loss 45 power
36 of 37 elastic
38 fibers 40 2.2
38 fibers 44 fibers/high
38 fibers 45 power
40 2.2 41 vs
40 2.2 44 fibers/high
41 vs 43 8.9
45 power 53 disruption
46 field 53 disruption
48 p<0.05 51 and
50 )(, 51 and
51 and 52 greater
51 and 53 disruption
53 disruption 54 of
53 disruption 57 and
53 disruption 59 compared
54 of 55 collagen
56 networks 57 and
57 and 58 edema
57 and 59 compared
59 compared 60 with
60 with 61 controls
60 with 66 bed
61 controls 63 increased
62 ( 63 increased
64 stromal 66 bed
65 collagen 66 bed
66 bed 76 increased
68 752 69 vs
68 752 76 increased
69 vs 74 p<0.05
71 269 74 p<0.05
76 increased 78 space
76 increased 88 )(
77 intercollagen 78 space
78 space 79 of
79 of 80 32.5
80 32.5 81 vs
81 vs 86 p<0.05
83 11.8 86 p<0.05

macrophages were present in greater quantities in [dc] specimens ( 28.6 vs [.] 11.9 macrophages/high power field [;] p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 macrophages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 macrophages 2 were
2 were 3 present
3 present 4 in
3 present 7 in
4 in 6 quantities
5 greater 6 quantities
7 in 9 specimens
9 specimens 11 28.6
10 ( 11 28.6
11 28.6 12 vs
11 28.6 20 )
12 vs 19 p<0.05
14 11.9 17 field
15 macrophages/high 17 field
16 power 17 field
17 field 19 p<0.05

conclusions : patients [with] [dc] show an increase in number and maximal dilation of lymphatic vessels in conjunction with widely spaced collagen bundles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 patients
2 : 6 show
3 patients 6 show
6 show 8 increase
6 show 19 with
7 an 8 increase
8 increase 9 in
8 increase 14 of
9 in 11 and
10 number 11 and
11 and 13 dilation
12 maximal 13 dilation
14 of 16 vessels
15 lymphatic 16 vessels
17 in 18 conjunction
18 conjunction 19 with
19 with 23 bundles
20 widely 21 spaced
21 spaced 22 collagen
22 collagen 23 bundles

this finding coexists with loss of elastic fibers , components known to be essential to the structure and function of the lymphatic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 coexists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 coexists
3 coexists 4 with
4 with 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
6 of 8 fibers
7 elastic 8 fibers
9 , 18 and
10 components 11 known
10 components 18 and
11 known 12 to
11 known 13 be
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 essential
14 essential 15 to
15 to 17 structure
16 the 17 structure
18 and 19 function
18 and 20 of
20 of 23 system
21 the 23 system
22 lymphatic 23 system

governed by macrophages , the pathogenesis [of] [dc] may begin with subclinical inflammation leading to elastolysis and secondary lymphostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 pathogenesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 begin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 governed 2 by
1 governed 4 ,
1 governed 6 pathogenesis
2 by 3 macrophages
5 the 6 pathogenesis
6 pathogenesis 9 may
9 may 10 begin
10 begin 11 with
11 with 13 inflammation
12 subclinical 13 inflammation
13 inflammation 14 leading
14 leading 15 to
15 to 17 and
16 elastolysis 17 and
17 and 19 lymphostasis
18 secondary 19 lymphostasis

financial disclosure ( s ) : the author ( [s] [ )( no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disclosure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 financial 2 disclosure
2 disclosure 4 s
2 disclosure 6 :
3 ( 4 s
4 s 5 )
6 : 8 author
7 the 8 author
8 author 17 interest
9 ( 17 interest
13 no 17 interest
14 proprietary 15 or
15 or 16 commercial
15 or 17 interest
17 interest 18 in
17 interest 25 .
18 in 20 materials
19 any 20 materials
20 materials 21 discussed
21 discussed 22 in
22 in 24 article
23 this 24 article

society is ageing and sadly that ageing leads to a host of issues , not [least] a society in which the majority are likely to have some loss of strength and dexterity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 society
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
1 society 2 is
2 is 3 ageing
4 and 5 sadly
4 and 7 ageing
4 and 8 leads
6 that 7 ageing
7 ageing 8 leads
8 leads 9 to
9 to 13 issues
10 a 11 host
11 host 12 of
11 host 13 issues
12 of 13 issues
13 issues 18 society
14 , 15 not
14 , 18 society
17 a 18 society
18 society 19 in
18 society 25 to
18 society 26 have
18 society 29 of
18 society 33 .
19 in 20 which
19 in 22 majority
19 in 23 are
21 the 22 majority
22 majority 23 are
23 are 24 likely
25 to 26 have
26 have 28 loss
27 some 28 loss
29 of 31 and
30 strength 31 and
31 and 32 dexterity

this can lead to complications in undertaking everyday tasks such as using transport , bathing or even handling and opening food . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 can
2 can 3 lead
3 lead 4 to
4 to 5 complications
5 complications 6 in
5 complications 11 as
6 in 7 undertaking
7 undertaking 9 tasks
8 everyday 9 tasks
10 such 11 as
11 as 19 and
12 using 13 transport
13 transport 14 ,
14 , 15 bathing
14 , 16 or
16 or 18 handling
16 or 19 and
17 even 18 handling
19 and 21 food
20 opening 21 food

packaging has to provide a multitude of services [;] to protect and preserve the product , to provide information to the consumer and not [least] to [allow] access to the contents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 packaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 packaging 2 has
2 has 3 to
2 has 12 and
3 to 12 and
4 provide 8 services
4 provide 12 and
5 a 6 multitude
6 multitude 7 of
6 multitude 8 services
7 of 8 services
8 services 10 to
8 services 11 protect
10 to 11 protect
12 and 16 ,
13 preserve 15 product
13 preserve 16 ,
14 the 15 product
16 , 17 to
16 , 18 provide
17 to 18 provide
18 provide 19 information
19 information 23 and
20 to 22 consumer
20 to 23 and
21 the 22 consumer
23 and 24 not
23 and 26 to
26 to 28 access
28 access 29 to
29 to 31 contents
30 the 31 contents

this access to packaging -- or ['] openability ['] -- has become a significant issue for designers and manufacturers with the change in demographics as described above . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 access
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 access
2 access 3 to
2 access 11 has
3 to 6 or
4 packaging 6 or
5 -- 6 or
6 or 8 openability
6 or 10 --
11 has 12 become
12 become 15 issue
12 become 20 with
12 become 27 above
13 a 14 significant
13 a 15 issue
14 significant 15 issue
15 issue 16 for
16 for 18 and
17 designers 18 and
18 and 19 manufacturers
20 with 22 change
21 the 22 change
22 change 23 in
22 change 26 described
23 in 24 demographics
25 as 26 described

understanding the choices consumers make in [how] [they] manipulate packaging can help designers produce packaging that is more able to meet the requirements of modern society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 choices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 manipulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 understanding 3 choices
2 the 3 choices
3 choices 4 consumers
3 choices 5 make
3 choices 9 manipulate
4 consumers 5 make
5 make 6 in
9 manipulate 15 packaging
10 packaging 15 packaging
11 can 15 packaging
12 help 14 produce
13 designers 14 produce
14 produce 15 packaging
15 packaging 16 that
15 packaging 17 is
16 that 17 is
17 is 18 more
17 is 19 able
19 able 20 to
20 to 21 meet
21 meet 23 requirements
22 the 23 requirements
23 requirements 24 of
24 of 26 society
25 modern 26 society

studies previously undertaken by the authors showed that consumers did use different grips when opening packaging and that certain grips were theoretically more comfortable and stronger than others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 studies 3 undertaken
1 studies 7 showed
2 previously 3 undertaken
3 undertaken 4 by
4 by 6 authors
5 the 6 authors
7 showed 17 and
8 that 9 consumers
8 that 11 use
8 that 17 and
9 consumers 10 did
10 did 11 use
11 use 13 grips
11 use 14 when
12 different 13 grips
14 when 15 opening
15 opening 16 packaging
17 and 18 that
18 that 20 grips
18 that 21 were
19 certain 20 grips
20 grips 21 were
21 were 22 theoretically
21 were 23 more
21 were 25 and
24 comfortable 25 and
25 and 26 stronger
25 and 27 than
27 than 28 others

this paper outlines a further study whereby consumers were asked to apply the most common grips to a specially designed torque measuring device . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outlines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 outlines
3 outlines 6 study
3 outlines 7 whereby
4 a 6 study
5 further 6 study
7 whereby 8 consumers
7 whereby 10 asked
8 consumers 9 were
9 were 10 asked
10 asked 11 to
10 asked 17 to
11 to 12 apply
12 apply 16 grips
13 the 14 most
14 most 16 grips
15 common 16 grips
17 to 23 device
18 a 23 device
19 specially 20 designed
20 designed 21 torque
21 torque 23 device
22 measuring 23 device

details were taken about the consumers : age , gender , occupation , hand size , plus their preferred grip choice for packaging of this type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 details
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 details 2 were
2 were 3 taken
3 taken 4 about
4 about 6 consumers
5 the 6 consumers
7 : 8 age
7 : 11 ,
8 age 10 gender
9 , 10 gender
10 gender 11 ,
11 , 12 occupation
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 hand
14 hand 15 size
15 size 17 plus
16 , 17 plus
17 plus 20 grip
17 plus 27 .
18 their 20 grip
19 preferred 20 grip
20 grip 21 choice
20 grip 24 of
21 choice 22 for
22 for 23 packaging
24 of 26 type
25 this 26 type

the study showed that typically women chose a grip that maximised their opportunity of opening the closure and that this grip choice was more limited than that available for men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 showed
3 showed 18 and
4 that 5 typically
4 that 6 women
4 that 7 chose
4 that 18 and
6 women 7 chose
7 chose 9 grip
8 a 9 grip
9 grip 10 that
9 grip 11 maximised
10 that 11 maximised
11 maximised 13 opportunity
12 their 13 opportunity
13 opportunity 14 of
14 of 15 opening
15 opening 17 closure
16 the 17 closure
18 and 19 that
19 that 22 choice
19 that 23 was
20 this 22 choice
21 grip 22 choice
22 choice 23 was
23 was 24 more
23 was 25 limited
25 limited 26 than
25 limited 29 for
26 than 27 that
27 that 28 available
29 for 30 men

this has implications for inclusive design of many everyday products . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 has
2 has 3 implications
3 implications 4 for
4 for 6 design
5 inclusive 6 design
6 design 7 of
7 of 10 products
8 many 10 products
9 everyday 10 products

recent studies [have] shown that tissue - specific stem cells ( scs ) found throughout the body respond differentially to dna damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 respond
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 4 shown
2 studies 5 that
2 studies 14 found
2 studies 18 respond
5 that 6 tissue
5 that 14 found
6 tissue 10 cells
6 tissue 14 found
7 - 10 cells
8 specific 9 stem
9 stem 10 cells
10 cells 12 scs
10 cells 13 )
11 ( 12 scs
12 scs 13 )
14 found 15 throughout
15 throughout 17 body
16 the 17 body
18 respond 19 differentially
18 respond 20 to
20 to 22 damage
21 dna 22 damage

in this review , we will discuss how different sc populations sense and functionally respond to dna damage , identify various common and distinct mechanisms utilized by tissue - specific [scs] to address dna damage , and describe how these mechanisms can impact sc genomic integrity by potentially promoting aging , tissue atrophy , [and/or] cancer development . 
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 13 and
6 will 7 discuss
6 will 13 and
7 discuss 8 how
8 how 9 different
9 different 12 sense
10 sc 12 sense
11 populations 12 sense
13 and 19 ,
14 functionally 15 respond
15 respond 16 to
15 respond 19 ,
16 to 18 damage
17 dna 18 damage
19 , 20 identify
20 identify 25 mechanisms
20 identify 32 to
21 various 25 mechanisms
22 common 23 and
23 and 24 distinct
23 and 25 mechanisms
25 mechanisms 26 utilized
26 utilized 27 by
26 utilized 29 -
26 utilized 30 specific
27 by 28 tissue
32 to 37 and
33 address 35 damage
33 address 37 and
34 dna 35 damage
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 describe
37 and 47 by
38 describe 39 how
39 how 41 mechanisms
39 how 43 impact
40 these 41 mechanisms
41 mechanisms 42 can
42 can 43 impact
43 impact 46 integrity
44 sc 46 integrity
45 genomic 46 integrity
47 by 49 promoting
48 potentially 49 promoting
49 promoting 50 aging
50 aging 53 atrophy
50 aging 57 development
51 , 53 atrophy
52 tissue 53 atrophy
53 atrophy 54 ,
54 , 57 development
56 cancer 57 development
57 development 58 .

finally , we will discuss how similar mechanisms operate in cancer stem cells ( cscs ) and can mediate resistance to chemo - and radiotherapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 will
4 will 5 discuss
5 discuss 6 how
6 how 8 mechanisms
6 how 17 and
7 similar 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 17 and
9 operate 10 in
9 operate 17 and
10 in 13 cells
11 cancer 13 cells
12 stem 13 cells
13 cells 15 cscs
14 ( 15 cscs
15 cscs 16 )
17 and 18 can
18 can 19 mediate
19 mediate 20 resistance
19 mediate 21 to
21 to 24 and
22 chemo 24 and
23 - 24 and
24 and 25 radiotherapy

brain microangiopathy increases in frequency and severity with older age , with the presence [of] hypertension and to a lesser extent with diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 microangiopathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 brain 2 microangiopathy
2 microangiopathy 3 increases
3 increases 4 in
3 increases 17 and
3 increases 22 with
4 in 6 and
5 frequency 6 and
6 and 7 severity
6 and 11 ,
7 severity 8 with
8 with 10 age
9 older 10 age
12 with 16 hypertension
12 with 17 and
13 the 16 hypertension
14 presence 16 hypertension
17 and 18 to
18 to 21 extent
19 a 20 lesser
19 a 21 extent
20 lesser 21 extent
22 with 23 diabetes

magnetic resonance imaging is used to provide anatomical descriptions , but at this time only clinical examination and neuropsychological testing can assess white matter functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
1 magnetic 3 imaging
2 resonance 3 imaging
3 imaging 4 is
4 is 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 provide
6 to 7 provide
7 provide 9 descriptions
8 anatomical 9 descriptions
9 descriptions 11 but
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 at
11 but 26 .
12 at 14 time
13 this 14 time
14 time 25 functioning
15 only 22 assess
16 clinical 17 examination
17 examination 18 and
18 and 20 testing
18 and 21 can
19 neuropsychological 20 testing
21 can 22 assess
22 assess 24 matter
22 assess 25 functioning
23 white 24 matter
24 matter 25 functioning
25 functioning 26 .

clinical correlates [of] microangiopathy [appear] as subcortical cognitive alterations , but data are controversial about dementia risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 clinical 2 correlates
2 correlates 4 microangiopathy
2 correlates 6 as
6 as 9 alterations
7 subcortical 9 alterations
8 cognitive 9 alterations
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 data
11 but 13 are
12 data 13 are
13 are 14 controversial
14 controversial 15 about
15 about 17 risk
16 dementia 17 risk

brain microangiopathy seems to be however a complication of chronic hyperglycaemia , probably due to similar mechanisms occurring in retinopathy and other microvascular complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 microangiopathy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seems
1 brain 2 microangiopathy
2 microangiopathy 3 seems
3 seems 4 to
3 seems 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 6 however
5 be 8 complication
7 a 8 complication
8 complication 9 of
9 of 11 hyperglycaemia
10 chronic 11 hyperglycaemia
11 hyperglycaemia 15 to
12 , 13 probably
12 , 15 to
14 due 15 to
15 to 17 mechanisms
15 to 25 .
16 similar 17 mechanisms
17 mechanisms 18 occurring
18 occurring 19 in
19 in 21 and
20 retinopathy 21 and
21 and 24 complications
22 other 24 complications
23 microvascular 24 complications

to date , many questions have been raised : how can brain microangiopathy progression be monitored ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 date
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 to 2 date
3 , 5 questions
3 , 8 raised
3 , 9 :
4 many 5 questions
5 questions 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 raised
9 : 10 how
9 : 16 monitored
9 : 17 ?
10 how 11 can
11 can 14 progression
11 can 15 be
12 brain 14 progression
13 microangiopathy 14 progression
15 be 16 monitored

is there a reversible stage of brain microangiopathy ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ?
1 is 2 there
1 is 5 stage
3 a 4 reversible
3 a 5 stage
4 reversible 5 stage
5 stage 6 of
6 of 8 microangiopathy
7 brain 8 microangiopathy

which preventive actions should be implemented in aging patients with diabetes ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 which
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ?
1 which 3 actions
2 preventive 3 actions
3 actions 4 should
4 should 5 be
5 be 6 implemented
6 implemented 7 in
7 in 8 aging
8 aging 9 patients
8 aging 10 with
10 with 11 diabetes

finally , what type [of] care should be provided for people with diabetes and mild cognitive impairment or overt dementia to slow down cognitive worsening ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 what
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 provided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ?
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 what
3 what 6 care
3 what 8 be
3 what 9 provided
4 type 6 care
6 care 7 should
7 should 8 be
9 provided 10 for
10 for 18 or
11 people 12 with
11 people 18 or
12 with 14 and
13 diabetes 14 and
14 and 17 impairment
15 mild 17 impairment
16 cognitive 17 impairment
18 or 20 dementia
18 or 21 to
18 or 22 slow
19 overt 20 dementia
21 to 22 slow
22 slow 23 down
23 down 25 worsening
24 cognitive 25 worsening

current rodent models [of] [menopause] fail to adequately recapitulate the menopause transition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 fail
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 current 2 rodent
2 rodent 3 models
3 models 6 fail
6 fail 7 to
6 fail 9 recapitulate
7 to 9 recapitulate
8 adequately 9 recapitulate
9 recapitulate 12 transition
10 the 12 transition
11 menopause 12 transition

the intact aging model fails to achieve very low estrogen levels , and the ovariectomy model lacks a perimenopause phase . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fails
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 4 model
2 intact 4 model
3 aging 4 model
4 model 5 fails
5 fails 6 to
5 fails 7 achieve
6 to 7 achieve
7 achieve 11 levels
8 very 9 low
9 low 11 levels
10 estrogen 11 levels
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 model
13 and 17 lacks
14 the 16 model
15 ovariectomy 16 model
16 model 17 lacks
17 lacks 20 phase
18 a 19 perimenopause
18 a 20 phase
19 perimenopause 20 phase

a new rodent model of accelerated ovarian failure ( aof ) successfully replicates human perimenopause and postmenopause , including estrous acyclicity and fluctuating , followed by undetectable , estrogen levels , and allows for the dissociation of the effects of hormone levels from the effects of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 a 4 model
2 new 4 model
3 rodent 4 model
4 model 5 of
4 model 24 ,
5 of 8 failure
6 accelerated 8 failure
7 ovarian 8 failure
8 failure 10 aof
9 ( 10 aof
10 aof 11 )
12 successfully 13 replicates
13 replicates 16 and
13 replicates 24 ,
14 human 15 perimenopause
15 perimenopause 16 and
16 and 17 postmenopause
16 and 18 ,
16 and 19 including
19 including 22 and
20 estrous 21 acyclicity
21 acyclicity 22 and
22 and 23 fluctuating
24 , 32 and
24 , 34 for
24 , 43 from
25 followed 26 by
25 followed 32 and
26 by 30 levels
27 undetectable 28 ,
27 undetectable 29 estrogen
29 estrogen 30 levels
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 allows
34 for 36 dissociation
35 the 36 dissociation
36 dissociation 37 of
37 of 39 effects
38 the 39 effects
39 effects 40 of
40 of 42 levels
41 hormone 42 levels
43 from 45 effects
44 the 45 effects
45 effects 46 of
46 of 47 aging

in this model , an ovotoxic chemical , 4 - vinylcyclohexene diepoxide ( vcd ) , selective for primary and primordial follicles , is injected intraperitonelly in animals for 15 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 chemical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 injected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 3 model
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 chemical
2 this 3 model
5 an 6 ovotoxic
5 an 7 chemical
6 ovotoxic 7 chemical
7 chemical 10 -
7 chemical 24 is
8 , 10 -
9 4 10 -
10 - 12 diepoxide
10 - 23 ,
11 vinylcyclohexene 12 diepoxide
12 diepoxide 14 vcd
12 diepoxide 17 selective
13 ( 14 vcd
14 vcd 15 )
16 , 17 selective
17 selective 18 for
17 selective 23 ,
18 for 22 follicles
19 primary 20 and
20 and 21 primordial
20 and 22 follicles
24 is 25 injected
25 injected 26 intraperitonelly
25 injected 27 in
27 in 28 animals
28 animals 29 for
29 for 31 days
30 15 31 days

as the mature follicle population is depleted through natural cycling , ovarian failure follows increasing periods of acyclity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 depleted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 as 4 follicle
1 as 5 population
2 the 4 follicle
3 mature 4 follicle
5 population 6 is
6 is 7 depleted
7 depleted 10 cycling
8 through 9 natural
9 natural 10 cycling
11 , 13 failure
11 , 14 follows
12 ovarian 13 failure
13 failure 14 follows
14 follows 16 periods
15 increasing 16 periods
16 periods 17 of
17 of 18 acyclity

administered at low doses , vcd specifically causes apoptotic cell death of primordial follicles but does not affect other peripheral tissues , including the liver and spleen , nor does it affect brain inflammation markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vcd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 administered 2 at
1 administered 5 ,
1 administered 6 vcd
2 at 4 doses
3 low 4 doses
6 vcd 15 but
7 specifically 8 causes
8 causes 11 death
8 causes 15 but
9 apoptotic 10 cell
10 cell 11 death
11 death 12 of
12 of 14 follicles
13 primordial 14 follicles
15 but 16 does
16 does 17 not
16 does 18 affect
18 affect 21 tissues
19 other 21 tissues
20 peripheral 21 tissues
21 tissues 23 including
22 , 23 including
23 including 26 and
23 including 28 ,
24 the 25 liver
25 liver 26 and
26 and 27 spleen
28 , 29 nor
28 , 32 affect
29 nor 30 does
30 does 31 it
30 does 32 affect
32 affect 35 markers
33 brain 35 markers
34 inflammation 35 markers

in addition to reducing confounds associated [with] genetic and surgical manipulations , the aof model maintains the presence of ovarian tissue which importantly parallels to the menopause transition in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 confounds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 5 confounds
3 to 4 reducing
5 confounds 11 manipulations
6 associated 11 manipulations
8 genetic 9 and
9 and 10 surgical
9 and 11 manipulations
12 , 15 model
12 , 16 maintains
13 the 15 model
14 aof 15 model
15 model 16 maintains
16 maintains 18 presence
16 maintains 29 in
17 the 18 presence
18 presence 19 of
19 of 21 tissue
20 ovarian 21 tissue
21 tissue 22 which
21 tissue 28 transition
22 which 24 parallels
22 which 28 transition
23 importantly 24 parallels
24 parallels 25 to
24 parallels 28 transition
25 to 27 menopause
26 the 27 menopause
29 in 30 humans

the vcd injection procedure can be applied to studies using transgenic or knockout mice strains , or in other disease - state models ( e.g [.] , ischemia , atherosclerosis , or diabetes ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 procedure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 4 procedure
2 vcd 4 procedure
3 injection 4 procedure
4 procedure 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 applied
7 applied 17 or
8 to 9 studies
8 to 17 or
9 studies 10 using
9 studies 15 strains
10 using 14 mice
10 using 15 strains
11 transgenic 12 or
12 or 13 knockout
12 or 14 mice
16 , 17 or
17 or 18 in
18 in 20 disease
19 other 20 disease
20 disease 23 models
20 disease 28 ischemia
21 - 23 models
22 state 23 models
23 models 25 e.g
23 models 27 ,
24 ( 25 e.g
25 e.g 27 ,
27 , 28 ischemia
28 ischemia 32 or
28 ischemia 34 )
29 , 32 or
30 atherosclerosis 32 or
31 , 32 or
32 or 33 diabetes
32 or 34 )

this aof model [of] menopause will generate new insights into women 's health particularly in determining the critical periods ( i.e [.] , a window of opportunity ) during perimenopause for restoring ovarian hormones for the most efficacious effect on memory and mood disorders as well as other menopausal symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 menopause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 generate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 this 5 menopause
2 aof 5 menopause
3 model 5 menopause
5 menopause 6 will
6 will 7 generate
7 generate 9 insights
7 generate 10 into
7 generate 14 particularly
7 generate 35 for
7 generate 40 on
7 generate 45 as
8 new 9 insights
10 into 13 health
11 women 12 's
12 's 13 health
14 particularly 15 in
15 in 16 determining
16 determining 19 periods
16 determining 29 during
16 determining 31 for
17 the 19 periods
18 critical 19 periods
19 periods 21 i.e
20 ( 21 i.e
21 i.e 25 window
21 i.e 28 )
23 , 25 window
24 a 25 window
25 window 26 of
25 window 28 )
26 of 27 opportunity
29 during 30 perimenopause
31 for 32 restoring
32 restoring 34 hormones
33 ovarian 34 hormones
35 for 39 effect
36 the 39 effect
37 most 38 efficacious
38 efficacious 39 effect
40 on 42 and
41 memory 42 and
42 and 44 disorders
43 mood 44 disorders
45 as 46 well
46 well 47 as
47 as 50 symptoms
48 other 50 symptoms
49 menopausal 50 symptoms

objective : to investigate the situation [of] overactive bladder ( oab ) in a community - based male population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
2 : 16 -
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 9 bladder
4 investigate 13 in
5 the 9 bladder
6 situation 9 bladder
8 overactive 9 bladder
9 bladder 11 oab
10 ( 11 oab
11 oab 12 )
13 in 15 community
14 a 15 community
16 - 19 population
17 based 19 population
18 male 19 population

methods : male participants over 50 years old were randomly selected from multiple communities in beijing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 participants
2 : 11 selected
2 : 17 .
3 male 4 participants
4 participants 8 old
4 participants 9 were
5 over 6 50
6 50 7 years
7 years 8 old
9 were 11 selected
10 randomly 11 selected
11 selected 12 from
11 selected 15 in
12 from 14 communities
13 multiple 14 communities
15 in 16 beijing

the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) including the international prostate symptom score ( ipss ) , quality of life ( qol ) score , prostate volume and post voiding residue ( pvr ) by abdominal ultrasonography , and maximum flow rate ( qmax ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 the 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 of
2 evaluation 11 including
2 evaluation 42 and
3 of 7 symptoms
4 lower 6 tract
5 urinary 6 tract
6 tract 7 symptoms
7 symptoms 9 luts
8 ( 9 luts
9 luts 10 )
11 including 31 and
11 including 38 by
12 the 27 score
13 international 14 prostate
14 prostate 15 symptom
15 symptom 16 score
16 score 18 ipss
16 score 21 quality
16 score 27 score
17 ( 18 ipss
18 ipss 19 )
20 , 21 quality
21 quality 22 of
21 quality 26 )
22 of 23 life
23 life 25 qol
24 ( 25 qol
25 qol 26 )
27 score 28 ,
28 , 30 volume
28 , 31 and
29 prostate 30 volume
31 and 34 residue
31 and 36 pvr
32 post 34 residue
33 voiding 34 residue
35 ( 36 pvr
36 pvr 37 )
38 by 40 ultrasonography
39 abdominal 40 ultrasonography
41 , 42 and
42 and 45 rate
42 and 47 qmax
43 maximum 45 rate
44 flow 45 rate
46 ( 47 qmax
47 qmax 48 )

definition of oab was determined as the score of item number 4 in ipss ≥ 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 definition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 definition 2 of
1 definition 4 was
2 of 3 oab
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 as
6 as 8 score
7 the 8 score
8 score 9 of
9 of 15 ≥
10 item 15 ≥
11 number 15 ≥
12 4 13 in
13 in 15 ≥
14 ipss 15 ≥
15 ≥ 16 2