a total of 112 patients with dementia , diagnosed according to dsm - iv criteria , from six centres providing care for persons with dementia in spain participated in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 centres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 19 centres
3 of 5 patients
4 112 5 patients
5 patients 6 with
5 patients 17 from
6 with 7 dementia
7 dementia 9 diagnosed
8 , 9 diagnosed
9 diagnosed 11 to
9 diagnosed 16 ,
10 according 11 to
11 to 12 dsm
12 dsm 15 criteria
13 - 15 criteria
14 iv 15 criteria
15 criteria 16 ,
17 from 18 six
19 centres 20 providing
19 centres 29 in
20 providing 21 care
20 providing 28 participated
21 care 22 for
21 care 28 participated
22 for 23 persons
23 persons 24 with
24 with 25 dementia
25 dementia 26 in
26 in 27 spain
29 in 31 study
30 the 31 study

results : the spanish version of the dqol showed acceptable psychometric properties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 version
2 : 9 showed
2 : 13 .
3 the 5 version
4 spanish 5 version
5 version 6 of
5 version 9 showed
6 of 8 dqol
7 the 8 dqol
9 showed 12 properties
10 acceptable 12 properties
11 psychometric 12 properties

internal consistency ( cronbach 's alpha ) was acceptable for most of the dqol scales . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consistency
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 internal 2 consistency
2 consistency 6 alpha
2 consistency 8 was
3 ( 6 alpha
4 cronbach 5 's
5 's 6 alpha
6 alpha 7 )
8 was 9 acceptable
9 acceptable 10 for
10 for 15 scales
11 most 12 of
11 most 15 scales
12 of 15 scales
13 the 15 scales
14 dqol 15 scales

as expected , associations were found between dqol scales and the whoqol - bref psychological domain and the gds - 15 , indicating good validity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
1 as 2 expected
1 as 3 ,
1 as 4 associations
2 expected 3 ,
4 associations 5 were
5 were 6 found
6 found 7 between
6 found 23 indicating
7 between 17 and
8 dqol 9 scales
9 scales 10 and
10 and 16 domain
10 and 17 and
11 the 16 domain
12 whoqol 14 bref
13 - 14 bref
14 bref 16 domain
15 psychological 16 domain
17 and 19 gds
17 and 21 15
18 the 19 gds
20 - 21 15
21 15 22 ,
22 , 23 indicating
23 indicating 25 validity
23 indicating 26 .
24 good 25 validity

neither functional status nor severity of dementia was associated with qol ; but depressive symptoms and self - reported feeling ill had a negative association on qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 neither 4 nor
2 functional 3 status
3 status 4 nor
4 nor 5 severity
4 nor 8 was
5 severity 6 of
6 of 7 dementia
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 11 qol
12 ; 13 but
13 but 16 and
13 but 22 had
14 depressive 15 symptoms
15 symptoms 16 and
16 and 17 self
16 and 22 had
18 - 19 reported
19 reported 20 feeling
19 reported 22 had
20 feeling 21 ill
22 had 25 association
22 had 26 on
23 a 25 association
24 negative 25 association
26 on 27 qol

conclusions : the results showed that the spanish version of the dqol has comparable psychometric properties to the us version . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 showed
2 : 21 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
6 that 9 version
6 that 13 has
7 the 9 version
8 spanish 9 version
9 version 10 of
9 version 13 has
10 of 12 dqol
11 the 12 dqol
13 has 16 properties
13 has 17 to
14 comparable 16 properties
15 psychometric 16 properties
17 to 20 version
18 the 20 version
19 us 20 version

the dqol appears to be a reliable and valid instrument intended to be administered to patients with mild/moderate dementia who are living at home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 dqol
2 dqol 3 appears
3 appears 4 to
3 appears 5 be
4 to 5 be
5 be 10 instrument
5 be 12 to
6 a 10 instrument
7 reliable 8 and
8 and 9 valid
8 and 10 instrument
10 instrument 11 intended
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 administered
14 administered 15 to
14 administered 23 at
15 to 16 patients
16 patients 17 with
16 patients 20 who
16 patients 21 are
17 with 19 dementia
18 mild/moderate 19 dementia
20 who 21 are
21 are 22 living
23 at 24 home

objectives : to describe factors that support and [inhibit] recruitment and participation of people with dementia living in care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
2 : 21 .
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 20 homes
5 factors 20 homes
6 that 7 support
7 support 8 and
8 and 10 recruitment
8 and 11 and
11 and 12 participation
11 and 13 of
11 and 20 homes
13 of 14 people
14 people 15 with
15 with 16 dementia
16 dementia 17 living
17 living 18 in
18 in 19 care

method : this article focuses on the methods used to recruit people with dementia to a longitudinal study that employed a mixed [-] method design to track events and care that older people with dementia experienced over two years in six care homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 article
2 : 37 over
3 this 4 article
4 article 5 focuses
4 article 12 people
5 focuses 6 on
5 focuses 12 people
6 on 8 methods
7 the 8 methods
8 methods 9 used
9 used 10 to
10 to 11 recruit
12 people 13 with
12 people 34 with
13 with 14 dementia
13 with 15 to
15 to 18 study
16 a 17 longitudinal
16 a 18 study
17 longitudinal 18 study
18 study 19 that
18 study 20 employed
19 that 20 employed
20 employed 25 design
20 employed 26 to
20 employed 29 and
21 a 25 design
22 mixed 24 method
24 method 25 design
26 to 29 and
27 track 28 events
27 track 29 and
29 and 30 care
29 and 33 people
31 that 33 people
32 older 33 people
34 with 35 dementia
34 with 36 experienced
37 over 39 years
38 two 39 years
39 years 40 in
40 in 43 homes
41 six 43 homes
42 care 43 homes

a staged approach [to] recruitment was [adopted] involving separate meetings with staff , residents and relatives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recruitment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 5 recruitment
2 staged 3 approach
3 approach 5 recruitment
5 recruitment 6 was
6 was 8 involving
8 involving 10 meetings
8 involving 11 with
9 separate 10 meetings
11 with 15 and
12 staff 13 ,
13 , 14 residents
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 relatives

individual consent was secured with residents with dementia who could consent in the moment and for those without capacity [,] through mail and follow - up telephone contact with consultees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 consent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 secured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 individual 2 consent
2 consent 3 was
3 was 4 secured
4 secured 5 with
5 with 6 residents
5 with 7 with
7 with 8 dementia
8 dementia 9 who
8 dementia 10 could
9 who 10 could
10 could 23 and
11 consent 15 and
11 consent 18 without
11 consent 23 and
12 in 14 moment
12 in 15 and
13 the 14 moment
15 and 16 for
16 for 17 those
18 without 19 capacity
19 capacity 21 through
21 through 22 mail
23 and 24 follow
25 - 26 up
26 up 28 contact
26 up 29 with
27 telephone 28 contact
29 with 30 consultees

data were collected on the frequency of meetings , issues raised by staff , consultees and people with dementia as well as the overall time taken to complete recruitment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 collected
3 collected 4 on
4 on 6 frequency
5 the 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 of
6 frequency 10 issues
7 of 8 meetings
9 , 10 issues
10 issues 11 raised
10 issues 14 ,
11 raised 12 by
12 by 13 staff
14 , 29 recruitment
15 consultees 16 and
16 and 17 people
16 and 18 with
16 and 22 as
16 and 29 recruitment
18 with 19 dementia
20 as 21 well
21 well 22 as
22 as 25 time
23 the 25 time
24 overall 25 time
25 time 26 taken
25 time 27 to
25 time 28 complete
27 to 28 complete

results : over five months , 133 older people with dementia were recruited ( 62 % of sampling [frame] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 over
3 over 5 months
4 five 5 months
5 months 7 133
6 , 7 133
7 133 9 people
7 133 12 were
7 133 13 recruited
7 133 16 %
7 133 20 )
8 older 9 people
9 people 10 with
9 people 12 were
10 with 11 dementia
14 ( 16 %
15 62 16 %
16 % 17 of
16 % 20 )
17 of 18 sampling

the recruitment process was supported or hindered by the number of individuals and organisations that needed to be consulted , the care home culture , staff 's understanding of how people with dementia can be involved in research , and how they interpreted their role as mediators , protectors and gatekeepers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 the 3 process
2 recruitment 3 process
3 process 4 was
4 was 5 supported
6 or 26 staff
6 or 27 's
7 hindered 8 by
7 hindered 25 ,
7 hindered 26 staff
8 by 13 and
9 the 10 number
10 number 11 of
10 number 13 and
11 of 12 individuals
13 and 14 organisations
13 and 15 that
13 and 16 needed
13 and 24 culture
15 that 16 needed
16 needed 17 to
16 needed 19 consulted
17 to 18 be
20 , 24 culture
21 the 24 culture
22 care 24 culture
23 home 24 culture
24 culture 25 ,
26 staff 27 's
27 's 28 understanding
28 understanding 42 they
28 understanding 43 interpreted
29 of 30 how
29 of 42 they
30 how 31 people
30 how 36 involved
31 people 32 with
31 people 34 can
32 with 33 dementia
34 can 35 be
35 be 36 involved
37 in 40 and
37 in 42 they
38 research 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 how
42 they 43 interpreted
43 interpreted 45 role
43 interpreted 46 as
44 their 45 role
46 as 50 and
47 mediators 48 ,
48 , 49 protectors
48 , 50 and
50 and 51 gatekeepers

conclusions : care homes are isolated communities of care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 homes
2 : 5 are
2 : 10 .
3 care 4 homes
4 homes 5 are
5 are 7 communities
6 isolated 7 communities
7 communities 8 of
8 of 9 care

to achieve the research objectives , researchers in the initial stages need to consider the philosophical underpinnings of individual care homes , and the politics of hierarchy both within the care home and between it , and health professionals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 to 2 achieve
1 to 6 ,
1 to 7 researchers
2 achieve 5 objectives
3 the 5 objectives
4 research 5 objectives
7 researchers 8 in
7 researchers 12 need
8 in 11 stages
9 the 11 stages
10 initial 11 stages
12 need 13 to
12 need 14 consider
13 to 14 consider
14 consider 17 underpinnings
15 the 17 underpinnings
16 philosophical 17 underpinnings
17 underpinnings 18 of
17 underpinnings 26 of
18 of 23 and
19 individual 21 homes
20 care 21 homes
21 homes 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 politics
24 the 25 politics
26 of 39 professionals
27 hierarchy 39 professionals
28 both 33 and
28 both 37 and
29 within 32 home
29 within 33 and
30 the 32 home
31 care 32 home
33 and 34 between
34 between 35 it
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 health
37 and 39 professionals

there is a need to develop credible infrastructures of support that enable people with dementia to participate in research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 need
3 a 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 6 develop
5 to 6 develop
6 develop 8 infrastructures
7 credible 8 infrastructures
8 infrastructures 9 of
8 infrastructures 11 that
8 infrastructures 12 enable
9 of 10 support
11 that 12 enable
12 enable 13 people
12 enable 14 with
12 enable 16 to
12 enable 17 participate
14 with 15 dementia
16 to 17 participate
17 participate 18 in
18 in 19 research

objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vision and hearing impairment and depressive - anxiety syndrome in a large population participating in the faenza project , northern italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 4 aim
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 7 study
4 aim 10 evaluate
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 evaluate
9 to 10 evaluate
10 evaluate 12 association
10 evaluate 13 between
10 evaluate 23 in
11 the 12 association
13 between 18 and
14 vision 15 and
15 and 17 impairment
15 and 18 and
16 hearing 17 impairment
18 and 22 syndrome
19 depressive 20 -
19 depressive 21 anxiety
21 anxiety 22 syndrome
23 in 26 population
24 a 25 large
24 a 26 population
25 large 26 population
26 population 27 participating
26 population 28 in
28 in 31 project
29 the 31 project
30 faenza 31 project
32 , 34 italy
33 northern 34 italy

method : the study population consisted of 7389 participants not affected by dementia , 4408 ( 59.7 % ) , [of] [whom] were women , mean age ± standard deviation ( [±sd] [ )(71.9 ( ±7.7 ) years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 5 population
2 : 6 consisted
2 : 20 ,
2 : 23 were
3 the 5 population
4 study 5 population
5 population 6 consisted
6 consisted 7 of
7 of 9 participants
8 7389 9 participants
9 participants 10 not
9 participants 15 4408
10 not 11 affected
11 affected 12 by
12 by 13 dementia
14 , 15 4408
15 4408 18 %
15 4408 20 ,
16 ( 18 %
17 59.7 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 , 23 were
23 were 24 women
23 were 38 years
24 women 30 deviation
25 , 30 deviation
26 mean 30 deviation
27 age 30 deviation
28 ± 29 standard
29 standard 30 deviation
30 deviation 34 )(71.9
30 deviation 37 )
31 ( 34 )(71.9
34 )(71.9 36 ±7.7
34 )(71.9 37 )
35 ( 36 ±7.7
36 ±7.7 37 )

information about previous [or] current psychiatric symptoms , including sleeping and eating habits , [non] - verbal language and ability in activity of daily living was used to investigate depressive and anxiety syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 information 2 about
1 information 8 ,
2 about 7 symptoms
3 previous 7 symptoms
5 current 7 symptoms
6 psychiatric 7 symptoms
8 , 9 including
8 , 11 and
9 including 10 sleeping
11 and 13 habits
11 and 14 ,
12 eating 13 habits
16 - 18 language
16 - 19 and
16 - 34 .
17 verbal 18 language
19 and 20 ability
19 and 27 used
20 ability 21 in
20 ability 23 of
20 ability 26 was
21 in 22 activity
23 of 25 living
24 daily 25 living
26 was 27 used
27 used 28 to
27 used 29 investigate
28 to 29 investigate
29 investigate 31 and
30 depressive 31 and
31 and 33 syndrome
32 anxiety 33 syndrome

a semi - structured interview was administered to survey the presence of sensory impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interview
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 a 2 semi
1 a 5 interview
2 semi 3 -
2 semi 5 interview
4 structured 5 interview
5 interview 6 was
6 was 7 administered
7 administered 8 to
8 to 9 survey
9 survey 11 presence
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 of
12 of 14 impairment
13 sensory 14 impairment

logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between sensory impairment and depressive - anxiety syndrome estimating odds ratio ( or ) and 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % ci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 logistic 3 analyses
2 regression 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 were
4 were 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 evaluate
6 to 7 evaluate
7 evaluate 9 association
7 evaluate 10 between
8 the 9 association
10 between 24 and
11 sensory 12 impairment
12 impairment 13 and
13 and 20 ratio
13 and 22 or
13 and 24 and
14 depressive 15 -
14 depressive 16 anxiety
16 anxiety 20 ratio
17 syndrome 20 ratio
18 estimating 20 ratio
19 odds 20 ratio
21 ( 22 or
22 or 23 )
24 and 28 interval
24 and 32 ci
25 95 26 %
26 % 27 confidence
27 confidence 28 interval
29 ( 32 ci
30 95 32 ci
31 % 32 ci
32 ci 33 )

results : the prevalence of vision and hearing impairment was 1.4 [%] and 0.2 % , respectively , with an increasing trend in people aged 75+ years ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 prevalence
3 the 4 prevalence
4 prevalence 5 of
5 of 6 vision
7 and 8 hearing
7 and 25 aged
8 hearing 9 impairment
8 hearing 10 was
8 hearing 25 aged
9 impairment 10 was
10 was 15 %
10 was 17 respectively
10 was 19 with
10 was 23 in
11 1.4 13 and
13 and 14 0.2
13 and 15 %
16 , 17 respectively
17 respectively 18 ,
19 with 22 trend
20 an 22 trend
21 increasing 22 trend
23 in 24 people
25 aged 27 years
25 aged 30 <
26 75+ 27 years
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.001
30 < 32 )

the prevalence [of] depressive syndrome was higher among vision - impaired participants ( 20.2 % vs [.] 9.3 % , p < 0.001 ) , especially women ( 22.9 % ) and persons aged 75+ years ( 22.1 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 syndrome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 5 syndrome
2 prevalence 5 syndrome
4 depressive 5 syndrome
5 syndrome 6 was
6 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 among
8 among 9 vision
9 vision 12 participants
10 - 12 participants
11 impaired 12 participants
12 participants 15 %
12 participants 27 women
12 participants 31 )
13 ( 15 %
14 20.2 15 %
15 % 16 vs
15 % 25 ,
16 vs 19 %
18 9.3 19 %
19 % 22 <
20 , 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.001
22 < 24 )
25 , 26 especially
25 , 27 women
27 women 30 %
27 women 31 )
28 ( 30 %
29 22.9 30 %
30 % 31 )
32 and 33 persons
32 and 34 aged
33 persons 34 aged
34 aged 36 years
35 75+ 36 years
36 years 39 %
37 ( 39 %
38 22.1 39 %
39 % 40 )

the prevalence of anxiety [syndrome] was higher in the hearing [-] impaired group ( 25.0 % vs [.] 11.0 % , p = 0.09 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 6 was
3 of 4 anxiety
6 was 7 higher
7 higher 8 in
7 higher 23 =
8 in 13 group
9 the 13 group
10 hearing 12 impaired
12 impaired 13 group
13 group 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 25.0 16 %
16 % 17 vs
16 % 21 ,
17 vs 20 %
19 11.0 20 %
21 , 23 =
22 p 23 =
23 = 24 0.09
23 = 25 )

vision - impaired participants , especially women and participants aged 75+ years had have a twofold higher probability to have depressive syndrome ( or [=] 2.03 , 95 [%] ci = 1.21 - 3.38 ) , [and] hearing - impaired individuals showed an increased probability of presenting anxiety syndrome [(] or = 2.71 , 95 % ci = 0.86 - 8.55 ) , although these results were not statistically significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 aged
2 - 4 participants
2 - 5 ,
3 impaired 4 participants
5 , 8 and
6 especially 8 and
7 women 8 and
8 and 9 participants
8 and 10 aged
10 aged 11 75+
10 aged 19 to
11 75+ 12 years
11 75+ 13 had
12 years 13 had
13 had 14 have
14 have 18 probability
15 a 18 probability
16 twofold 17 higher
17 higher 18 probability
19 to 20 have
20 have 30 ci
21 depressive 27 ,
21 depressive 30 ci
22 syndrome 24 or
23 ( 24 or
24 or 26 2.03
24 or 27 ,
28 95 30 ci
30 ci 32 1.21
30 ci 42 showed
31 = 32 1.21
32 1.21 34 3.38
32 1.21 39 -
32 1.21 42 showed
33 - 34 3.38
34 3.38 35 )
36 , 39 -
38 hearing 39 -
39 - 41 individuals
40 impaired 41 individuals
42 showed 45 probability
42 showed 52 =
43 an 45 probability
44 increased 45 probability
45 probability 46 of
45 probability 52 =
46 of 47 presenting
47 presenting 51 or
48 anxiety 51 or
49 syndrome 51 or
52 = 53 2.71
52 = 64 although
53 2.71 57 ci
54 , 57 ci
55 95 57 ci
56 % 57 ci
57 ci 60 -
57 ci 62 )
58 = 59 0.86
59 0.86 60 -
60 - 61 8.55
63 , 64 although
64 although 66 results
64 although 67 were
64 although 71 .
65 these 66 results
66 results 67 were
67 were 68 not
67 were 69 statistically
67 were 70 significant

conclusion : this study 's findings suggest that sensory impairment in older adults can increase their probability of experiencing depressive and anxiety syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 findings
2 : 7 suggest
2 : 24 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 's
5 's 6 findings
6 findings 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 10 impairment
8 that 15 increase
9 sensory 10 impairment
10 impairment 11 in
10 impairment 14 can
11 in 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
14 can 15 increase
15 increase 17 probability
16 their 17 probability
17 probability 18 of
18 of 19 experiencing
19 experiencing 21 and
20 depressive 21 and
21 and 23 syndrome
22 anxiety 23 syndrome

correction of these deficits could improve the quality of life in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 correction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 correction 2 of
1 correction 5 could
2 of 4 deficits
3 these 4 deficits
5 could 6 improve
6 improve 8 quality
6 improve 11 in
7 the 8 quality
8 quality 9 of
9 of 10 life
11 in 13 population
12 this 13 population

objective : social isolation is a common problem in older people who move into care that has negative consequences for well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 isolation
2 : 5 is
2 : 22 -
2 : 24 .
3 social 4 isolation
4 isolation 5 is
5 is 8 problem
6 a 8 problem
7 common 8 problem
8 problem 9 in
8 problem 14 into
8 problem 20 for
9 in 11 people
10 older 11 people
11 people 12 who
11 people 13 move
12 who 13 move
14 into 15 care
15 care 16 that
15 care 17 has
16 that 17 has
17 has 19 consequences
18 negative 19 consequences
20 for 21 well
22 - 23 being

this is of particular concern for men , who are marginalised in long - term care settings as a result of their reduced numbers and greater difficulty in accessing effective social support , relative to women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 of
3 of 5 concern
4 particular 5 concern
5 concern 6 for
6 for 7 men
7 men 9 who
8 , 9 who
9 who 10 are
9 who 37 .
10 are 11 marginalised
11 marginalised 12 in
11 marginalised 18 as
12 in 17 settings
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 term
15 term 17 settings
16 care 17 settings
18 as 20 result
19 a 20 result
20 result 21 of
20 result 28 in
21 of 25 and
22 their 24 numbers
23 reduced 24 numbers
24 numbers 25 and
25 and 27 difficulty
26 greater 27 difficulty
28 in 29 accessing
29 accessing 32 support
30 effective 31 social
31 social 32 support
32 support 34 relative
33 , 34 relative
34 relative 35 to
34 relative 37 .
35 to 36 women

however , researchers in the social identity tradition argue that developing social group memberships can counteract the effects of isolation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 argue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 researchers
3 researchers 4 in
3 researchers 9 argue
4 in 8 tradition
5 the 8 tradition
6 social 7 identity
7 identity 8 tradition
9 argue 10 that
10 that 11 developing
10 that 16 counteract
11 developing 14 memberships
11 developing 15 can
12 social 13 group
13 group 14 memberships
15 can 16 counteract
16 counteract 18 effects
17 the 18 effects
18 effects 19 of
19 of 20 isolation

we test this account in this study by examining whether increased socialisation with others of the same gender enhances social identification , well - being [(] e.g . life satisfaction , mood [ )(, and cognitive ability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 test
2 test 4 account
2 test 8 by
3 this 4 account
4 account 5 in
5 in 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 by 9 examining
9 examining 10 whether
10 whether 12 socialisation
10 whether 19 enhances
11 increased 12 socialisation
12 socialisation 13 with
12 socialisation 15 of
12 socialisation 19 enhances
13 with 14 others
15 of 18 gender
16 the 17 same
16 the 18 gender
19 enhances 21 identification
19 enhances 23 well
20 social 21 identification
22 , 23 well
23 well 24 -
24 - 27 e.g
25 being 27 e.g
28 . 35 and
28 . 38 .
29 life 30 satisfaction
30 satisfaction 31 ,
31 , 32 mood
31 , 35 and
34 )(, 35 and
35 and 37 ability
36 cognitive 37 ability

method : care home residents were invited to join gender - based groups ( i.e [.] ladies and gentlemen 's clubs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 residents
2 : 7 invited
2 : 23 .
3 care 4 home
4 home 5 residents
5 residents 6 were
6 were 7 invited
7 invited 8 to
8 to 10 gender
9 join 10 gender
10 gender 13 groups
11 - 13 groups
12 based 13 groups
13 groups 18 and
13 groups 22 )
14 ( 18 and
15 i.e 17 ladies
17 ladies 18 and
18 and 21 clubs
18 and 22 )
19 gentlemen 20 's
20 's 21 clubs

nine groups were examined [(] five male groups , four female groups [ )(comprising 26 participants [(] 12 male , 14 female [ )(, who took part in fortnightly social activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 nine 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 8 groups
4 examined 8 groups
6 five 8 groups
7 male 8 groups
9 , 19 male
9 , 20 ,
10 four 16 participants
11 female 16 participants
12 groups 16 participants
14 )(comprising 16 participants
15 26 16 participants
16 participants 19 male
18 12 19 male
20 , 22 female
20 , 24 )(,
21 14 22 female
24 )(, 25 who
24 )(, 27 part
25 who 27 part
26 took 27 part
27 part 28 in
28 in 31 activities
29 fortnightly 31 activities
30 social 31 activities

social identification , personal identity strength , cognitive ability and well - being were measured at the commencement of the intervention and 12 weeks later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 social 2 identification
2 identification 3 ,
3 , 6 strength
3 , 7 ,
4 personal 5 identity
5 identity 6 strength
7 , 9 ability
7 , 10 and
8 cognitive 9 ability
10 and 11 well
12 - 13 being
12 - 15 measured
13 being 14 were
14 were 15 measured
15 measured 16 at
16 at 22 and
17 the 18 commencement
18 commencement 19 of
18 commencement 22 and
19 of 21 intervention
20 the 21 intervention
22 and 24 weeks
22 and 25 later
23 12 24 weeks

results : a clear gender effect was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 5 gender
3 a 4 clear
3 a 5 gender
4 clear 5 gender
5 gender 6 effect
5 gender 8 found
6 effect 7 was
7 was 8 found

for women , there was evidence of maintained well - being and identification over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 for 2 women
1 for 3 ,
1 for 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 of
7 of 9 well
8 maintained 9 well
10 - 12 and
10 - 16 .
11 being 12 and
12 and 13 identification
12 and 14 over
14 over 15 time

for men , there was a significant reduction in depression and anxiety , and an increased sense of social identification with others . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 2 men
1 for 3 ,
1 for 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 8 reduction
6 a 8 reduction
7 significant 8 reduction
8 reduction 9 in
9 in 14 and
10 depression 11 and
11 and 12 anxiety
11 and 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 sense
14 and 18 of
14 and 21 with
15 an 17 sense
16 increased 17 sense
18 of 20 identification
19 social 20 identification
21 with 22 others

conclusion : while decreasing well - being tends to be the norm in long - term residential care , building new social group memberships in the form of gender clubs can counteract this decline , particularly among men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 7 being
2 : 8 tends
3 while 4 decreasing
3 while 6 -
3 while 7 being
4 decreasing 5 well
7 being 8 tends
8 tends 9 to
8 tends 10 be
9 to 10 be
10 be 12 norm
10 be 36 particularly
11 the 12 norm
12 norm 13 in
12 norm 24 memberships
13 in 18 care
14 long 15 -
14 long 16 term
16 term 18 care
17 residential 18 care
19 , 24 memberships
20 building 24 memberships
21 new 22 social
22 social 24 memberships
23 group 24 memberships
24 memberships 25 in
24 memberships 30 clubs
24 memberships 32 counteract
24 memberships 35 ,
25 in 27 form
26 the 27 form
27 form 28 of
28 of 29 gender
30 clubs 31 can
31 can 32 counteract
32 counteract 34 decline
33 this 34 decline
36 particularly 37 among
37 among 38 men

background : the role [of] adherence to an intervention is examined to further understand the relationship between performing new challenging activities ( either mental or physical ones ) and their putative cognitive benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 6 adherence
2 : 11 examined
3 the 6 adherence
4 role 6 adherence
6 adherence 7 to
6 adherence 10 is
7 to 9 intervention
8 an 9 intervention
10 is 11 examined
11 examined 12 to
11 examined 17 between
12 to 14 understand
13 further 14 understand
14 understand 16 relationship
15 the 16 relationship
17 between 18 performing
18 performing 29 and
19 new 20 challenging
19 new 29 and
20 challenging 21 activities
21 activities 27 ones
22 ( 27 ones
23 either 25 or
24 mental 25 or
25 or 26 physical
25 or 27 ones
27 ones 28 )
29 and 33 benefits
30 their 33 benefits
31 putative 33 benefits
32 cognitive 33 benefits

they completed five tests , measuring episodic and working memory pre - and post - intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 they 13 and
2 completed 4 tests
2 completed 6 measuring
2 completed 13 and
3 five 4 tests
5 , 6 measuring
6 measuring 8 and
6 measuring 12 -
7 episodic 8 and
8 and 11 pre
9 working 10 memory
10 memory 11 pre
13 and 14 post
15 - 16 intervention

a moderated mediation model was specified to test the strength of the indirect effect of the activity mode ( i.e [.] physical [vs] [.] mental ) through adherence [(] i.e [.] time spent on course attendance ) on levels of baseline cognitive performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 a 4 model
2 moderated 4 model
3 mediation 4 model
4 model 5 was
5 was 6 specified
6 specified 7 to
7 to 8 test
8 test 10 strength
8 test 38 on
9 the 10 strength
10 strength 11 of
10 strength 20 i.e
11 of 14 effect
12 the 14 effect
13 indirect 14 effect
14 effect 15 of
15 of 18 mode
16 the 18 mode
17 activity 18 mode
19 ( 20 i.e
20 i.e 22 physical
20 i.e 37 )
22 physical 32 time
22 physical 34 on
25 mental 26 )
25 mental 28 adherence
27 through 28 adherence
28 adherence 32 time
30 i.e 32 time
32 time 33 spent
34 on 36 attendance
35 course 36 attendance
38 on 39 levels
39 levels 40 of
40 of 43 performance
41 baseline 43 performance
42 cognitive 43 performance

results : both physical and mental activity groups performed better over time than the control group ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 8 groups
3 both 8 groups
4 physical 5 and
5 and 6 mental
5 and 8 groups
7 activity 8 groups
8 groups 9 performed
8 groups 19 <
9 performed 10 better
9 performed 11 over
9 performed 13 than
11 over 12 time
13 than 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 control 16 group
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.001
19 < 21 )

adherence predicted cognitive performance ( p = 0.011 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 adherence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 adherence 2 predicted
2 predicted 4 performance
3 cognitive 4 performance
4 performance 7 =
5 ( 7 =
6 p 7 =
7 = 8 0.011
7 = 9 )

the indirect effect of the activity mode [on] cognitive performance through adherence was especially seen when levels of baseline composite scores were low ( p = 0.023 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 effect
2 indirect 3 effect
3 effect 4 of
3 effect 13 was
4 of 12 adherence
5 the 12 adherence
6 activity 12 adherence
7 mode 12 adherence
9 cognitive 10 performance
10 performance 12 adherence
11 through 12 adherence
13 was 15 seen
14 especially 15 seen
15 seen 16 when
16 when 17 levels
16 when 22 were
17 levels 18 of
17 levels 22 were
18 of 21 scores
19 baseline 21 scores
20 composite 21 scores
22 were 23 low
23 low 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.023
26 = 28 )

conclusion : older healthy women can improve episodic and working memory through spending time on a challenging physical or mental activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 5 women
2 : 7 improve
3 older 5 women
4 healthy 5 women
5 women 6 can
6 can 7 improve
7 improve 14 time
7 improve 15 on
8 episodic 9 and
9 and 11 memory
9 and 12 through
9 and 14 time
10 working 11 memory
12 through 13 spending
15 on 21 activity
16 a 17 challenging
16 a 21 activity
17 challenging 21 activity
18 physical 19 or
19 or 20 mental
19 or 21 activity

results are most promising for cognitively less fit women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 results 2 are
2 are 4 promising
3 most 4 promising
4 promising 5 for
5 for 9 women
6 cognitively 8 fit
7 less 8 fit
8 fit 9 women

time spent on course attendance can be interpreted as an adherence indicator that makes a difference for various cognitive outcomes of the intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 interpreted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 time 2 spent
1 time 5 attendance
1 time 7 be
1 time 8 interpreted
2 spent 4 course
3 on 4 course
5 attendance 6 can
6 can 7 be
8 interpreted 9 as
9 as 12 indicator
10 an 12 indicator
11 adherence 12 indicator
12 indicator 13 that
12 indicator 14 makes
13 that 14 makes
14 makes 16 difference
15 a 16 difference
16 difference 17 for
16 difference 21 of
17 for 20 outcomes
18 various 20 outcomes
19 cognitive 20 outcomes
21 of 23 intervention
22 the 23 intervention

background and objective : psychological well - being as one of the most important indicators of successful aging has received substantial attention in the gerontological literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objective
3 objective 4 :
4 : 5 psychological
5 psychological 6 well
7 - 8 being
7 - 20 received
7 - 27 .
8 being 9 as
8 being 11 of
8 being 19 has
9 as 10 one
11 of 15 indicators
12 the 13 most
13 most 15 indicators
14 important 15 indicators
15 indicators 16 of
16 of 18 aging
17 successful 18 aging
19 has 20 received
20 received 22 attention
20 received 23 in
21 substantial 22 attention
23 in 26 literature
24 the 26 literature
25 gerontological 26 literature

prior studies show that sociodemographic factors influencing elderly ['s] psychological well [-] being are multiple and differ across cultures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 prior 2 studies
2 studies 16 and
3 show 4 that
3 show 6 factors
3 show 14 are
3 show 16 and
5 sociodemographic 6 factors
6 factors 7 influencing
6 factors 14 are
7 influencing 13 being
8 elderly 13 being
10 psychological 13 being
11 well 13 being
14 are 15 multiple
16 and 17 differ
17 differ 18 across
18 across 19 cultures

the aim of this study was to identify significant sociodemographic predictors of psychological well - being among malay elders . 
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 11 predictors
9 significant 11 predictors
10 sociodemographic 11 predictors
11 predictors 12 of
12 of 14 well
13 psychological 14 well
14 well 16 being
15 - 16 being
16 being 17 among
16 being 20 .
17 among 19 elders
18 malay 19 elders

methodology : the study included 1415 older malays ( 60 - 100 years , 722 women ) , randomly selected through a multistage stratified random method from peninsular malaysia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methodology 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
4 study 8 malays
4 study 20 selected
6 1415 8 malays
7 older 8 malays
8 malays 13 years
8 malays 20 selected
9 ( 13 years
10 60 11 -
11 - 12 100
11 - 13 years
13 years 16 women
13 years 18 ,
14 , 16 women
15 722 16 women
16 women 17 )
19 randomly 20 selected
20 selected 21 through
20 selected 27 from
21 through 26 method
22 a 26 method
23 multistage 26 method
24 stratified 26 method
25 random 26 method
27 from 29 malaysia
28 peninsular 29 malaysia

who - five well [-] being index was used to measure psychological well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 who 3 five
1 who 7 index
1 who 8 was
2 - 3 five
3 five 6 being
3 five 7 index
4 well 6 being
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 11 measure
10 to 11 measure
11 measure 13 well
12 psychological 13 well
14 - 15 being
14 - 16 .

data analysis was conducted using the statistical package for social sciences ( spss ) version 13.0 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 data 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 using
5 using 8 package
6 the 8 package
7 statistical 8 package
8 package 9 for
9 for 15 version
10 social 11 sciences
11 sciences 13 spss
12 ( 13 spss
13 spss 14 )
13 spss 15 version
15 version 16 13.0

however , level of education , employment status , and place of residence failed to predict psychological well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 failed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 level
3 level 4 of
3 level 14 failed
4 of 10 and
5 education 6 ,
6 , 8 status
6 , 10 and
7 employment 8 status
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 place
10 and 12 of
12 of 13 residence
14 failed 15 to
14 failed 16 predict
15 to 16 predict
16 predict 18 well
17 psychological 18 well
19 - 20 being
19 - 21 .

conclusion : this study showed that the oldest old , elderly women , unmarried , and the poor elderly people are at risk for experiencing low psychological well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 showed
2 : 10 ,
2 : 13 ,
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 showed
5 showed 6 that
5 showed 9 old
7 the 8 oldest
7 the 9 old
10 , 12 women
11 elderly 12 women
13 , 20 people
13 , 21 are
13 , 29 -
14 unmarried 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 poor
16 and 20 people
17 the 18 poor
19 elderly 20 people
20 people 21 are
21 are 22 at
21 are 24 for
22 at 23 risk
24 for 28 well
25 experiencing 28 well
26 low 28 well
27 psychological 28 well
29 - 30 being
29 - 31 .

therefore , they need special attention from family , policy makers , and those who work with elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 they
3 they 4 need
4 need 6 attention
5 special 6 attention
6 attention 7 from
7 from 13 and
8 family 9 ,
9 , 11 makers
9 , 13 and
10 policy 11 makers
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 those
13 and 15 who
13 and 16 work
15 who 16 work
16 work 17 with
17 with 19 people
18 elderly 19 people

objective : perceiving oneself as younger than one's actual age functions as a self - enhancing positive illusion that promotes life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 perceiving
2 : 11 functions
3 perceiving 4 oneself
3 perceiving 5 as
3 perceiving 11 functions
5 as 10 age
6 younger 10 age
7 than 9 actual
8 one's 9 actual
9 actual 10 age
11 functions 12 as
12 as 14 self
13 a 14 self
14 self 16 enhancing
15 - 16 enhancing
16 enhancing 18 illusion
16 enhancing 23 .
17 positive 18 illusion
18 illusion 19 that
18 illusion 20 promotes
19 that 20 promotes
20 promotes 22 satisfaction
21 life 22 satisfaction

however , no research has yet focused on the mechanisms through which a youthful subjective age could be related to higher life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 research
3 no 4 research
4 research 5 has
5 has 7 focused
6 yet 7 focused
7 focused 8 on
7 focused 20 to
7 focused 23 satisfaction
8 on 10 mechanisms
9 the 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 through
11 through 12 which
11 through 16 age
11 through 19 related
13 a 16 age
14 youthful 16 age
15 subjective 16 age
16 age 17 could
17 could 18 be
18 be 19 related
20 to 22 life
21 higher 22 life

the purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of resources , such as subjective health and memory self - efficacy , in the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 identify
7 to 8 identify
8 identify 11 role
8 identify 28 between
8 identify 34 among
9 the 11 role
10 mediating 11 role
11 role 12 of
11 role 25 in
12 of 19 and
13 resources 14 ,
14 , 18 health
14 , 19 and
15 such 18 health
16 as 17 subjective
17 subjective 18 health
19 and 21 self
19 and 23 efficacy
20 memory 21 self
22 - 23 efficacy
23 efficacy 24 ,
25 in 27 relation
26 the 27 relation
28 between 31 and
29 subjective 30 age
30 age 31 and
31 and 33 satisfaction
32 life 33 satisfaction
34 among 36 adults
35 older 36 adults

method : a cross - sectional study was conducted with 250 older individuals aged from 60 to 77 years who completed measures of subjective age , subjective health , memory self - efficacy , and life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 method 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
5 - 7 study
5 - 9 conducted
5 - 26 ,
5 - 38 .
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 with
9 conducted 14 aged
10 with 13 individuals
11 250 13 individuals
12 older 13 individuals
14 aged 15 from
15 from 19 years
16 60 17 to
17 to 18 77
17 to 19 years
19 years 20 who
19 years 21 completed
20 who 21 completed
21 completed 22 measures
22 measures 23 of
23 of 25 age
24 subjective 25 age
26 , 28 health
26 , 29 ,
27 subjective 28 health
29 , 31 self
29 , 32 -
30 memory 31 self
32 - 35 and
33 efficacy 35 and
34 , 35 and
35 and 37 satisfaction
36 life 37 satisfaction

results : path analysis revealed that subjective age was positively related to both subjective health and memory self - efficacy , and that subjective health and memory self - efficacy were both positively related to life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
1 results 2 :
3 path 8 age
3 path 9 was
3 path 11 related
4 analysis 5 revealed
5 revealed 8 age
6 that 7 subjective
7 subjective 8 age
8 age 9 was
9 was 10 positively
11 related 12 to
12 to 22 and
13 both 22 and
14 subjective 15 health
15 health 16 and
16 and 18 self
16 and 20 efficacy
16 and 22 and
17 memory 18 self
19 - 20 efficacy
20 efficacy 21 ,
22 and 28 self
23 that 24 subjective
24 subjective 28 self
25 health 26 and
26 and 27 memory
26 and 28 self
29 - 30 efficacy
29 - 31 were
29 - 38 .
30 efficacy 31 were
31 were 32 both
32 both 34 related
33 positively 34 related
34 related 35 to
35 to 37 satisfaction
36 life 37 satisfaction

[bootstrap] procedures further indicated that subjective age has significant total and specific indirect contribution to life satisfaction through subjective health and memory self - efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
2 procedures 4 indicated
3 further 4 indicated
4 indicated 7 age
4 indicated 8 has
5 that 6 subjective
6 subjective 7 age
7 age 8 has
8 has 17 satisfaction
8 has 18 through
9 significant 17 satisfaction
10 total 11 and
11 and 14 contribution
11 and 15 to
11 and 17 satisfaction
12 specific 14 contribution
13 indirect 14 contribution
15 to 16 life
18 through 21 and
19 subjective 20 health
20 health 21 and
21 and 23 self
21 and 25 efficacy
22 memory 23 self
24 - 25 efficacy
25 efficacy 26 .

discussion : this study fills a gap in existing literature and suggests that a youthful subjective age is associated with higher life satisfaction because it is related to higher evaluation of health and memory self - efficacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 37 efficacy
3 this 4 study
4 study 11 and
4 study 33 and
5 fills 7 gap
5 fills 8 in
5 fills 11 and
6 a 7 gap
8 in 10 literature
9 existing 10 literature
11 and 12 suggests
11 and 30 evaluation
12 suggests 13 that
14 a 15 youthful
14 a 30 evaluation
15 youthful 17 age
16 subjective 17 age
17 age 18 is
18 is 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 23 satisfaction
21 higher 22 life
22 life 23 satisfaction
23 satisfaction 24 because
23 satisfaction 28 to
24 because 25 it
25 it 26 is
26 is 27 related
27 related 28 to
29 higher 30 evaluation
30 evaluation 31 of
31 of 32 health
33 and 35 self
33 and 36 -
33 and 37 efficacy
34 memory 35 self

it provides an initial support for a resource - based explanation of the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 provides
2 provides 5 support
3 an 4 initial
3 an 5 support
4 initial 5 support
5 support 6 for
6 for 8 resource
7 a 8 resource
9 - 11 explanation
10 based 11 explanation
11 explanation 12 of
12 of 14 relation
13 the 14 relation
14 relation 15 between
15 between 18 and
16 subjective 17 age
17 age 18 and
18 and 20 satisfaction
19 life 20 satisfaction

objectives : this article provides an overview of the international literature on the most important ethical considerations in the field of assistive technology ( at ) in the care for community [-] dwelling elderly people , focused on dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 article
2 : 36 ,
2 : 40 .
3 this 4 article
4 article 36 ,
5 provides 7 overview
5 provides 12 on
5 provides 18 in
5 provides 36 ,
6 an 7 overview
7 overview 8 of
8 of 11 literature
9 the 11 literature
10 international 11 literature
12 on 17 considerations
13 the 17 considerations
14 most 15 important
15 important 17 considerations
16 ethical 17 considerations
18 in 20 field
19 the 20 field
20 field 21 of
20 field 27 in
20 field 30 for
21 of 23 technology
22 assistive 23 technology
23 technology 25 at
24 ( 25 at
25 at 26 )
27 in 29 care
28 the 29 care
30 for 35 people
31 community 33 dwelling
33 dwelling 35 people
34 elderly 35 people
36 , 37 focused
36 , 38 on
38 on 39 dementia

method : a systematic literature review was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 review
2 : 8 performed
2 : 9 .
3 a 4 systematic
3 a 6 review
4 systematic 5 literature
5 literature 6 review
6 review 7 was
7 was 8 performed

results : a total of 46 papers met the inclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 met
2 : 12 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 met
5 of 7 papers
6 46 7 papers
8 met 11 criteria
9 the 11 criteria
10 inclusion 11 criteria

three main themes were found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 three 3 themes
2 main 3 themes
3 themes 4 were
4 were 5 found

the first theme , personal living environment , [involves] the subthemes privacy , autonomy and obtrusiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 theme
2 first 3 theme
3 theme 4 ,
4 , 7 environment
4 , 8 ,
5 personal 6 living
6 living 7 environment
8 , 12 privacy
8 , 13 ,
10 the 12 privacy
11 subthemes 12 privacy
13 , 14 autonomy
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 obtrusiveness

the second theme , the outside world , involves the subthemes stigma and human contact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 theme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 3 theme
2 second 3 theme
3 theme 7 world
3 theme 9 involves
4 , 7 world
5 the 7 world
6 outside 7 world
7 world 8 ,
9 involves 13 and
10 the 12 stigma
11 subthemes 12 stigma
12 stigma 13 and
13 and 15 contact
14 human 15 contact

the third theme , the design of at devices , involves the subthemes individual approach , affordability and safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 theme
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 theme
2 third 3 theme
3 theme 6 design
3 theme 11 involves
4 , 6 design
5 the 6 design
6 design 7 of
6 design 10 ,
7 of 9 devices
8 at 9 devices
11 involves 18 and
12 the 15 approach
13 subthemes 15 approach
14 individual 15 approach
15 approach 16 ,
16 , 17 affordability
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 safety

the often referred [to] umbrella term of ['] obtrusiveness ['] is frequently used by many authors in the discussion , while a clear description of the concept is mostly absent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 used
1 the 6 term
2 often 3 referred
3 referred 5 umbrella
5 umbrella 6 term
6 term 7 of
6 term 11 is
7 of 9 obtrusiveness
11 is 13 used
12 frequently 13 used
13 used 14 by
13 used 17 in
13 used 21 while
14 by 16 authors
15 many 16 authors
17 in 19 discussion
18 the 19 discussion
20 , 21 while
21 while 24 description
21 while 28 is
21 while 31 .
22 a 23 clear
22 a 24 description
23 clear 24 description
24 description 25 of
24 description 28 is
25 of 27 concept
26 the 27 concept
28 is 29 mostly
28 is 30 absent

conclusion : when it comes to at use in the care for elderly people living at home , ethical debate appears not to be a priority . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 20 debate
2 : 21 appears
3 when 4 it
3 when 5 comes
3 when 18 ,
3 when 20 debate
4 it 5 comes
5 comes 6 to
5 comes 16 at
6 to 8 use
7 at 8 use
8 use 9 in
8 use 15 living
9 in 11 care
10 the 11 care
11 care 12 for
12 for 14 people
13 elderly 14 people
16 at 17 home
19 ethical 20 debate
20 debate 21 appears
21 appears 23 to
22 not 23 to
23 to 24 be
24 be 26 priority
25 a 26 priority

the little discussion there relies heavily on thick concepts such as autonomy and obtrusiveness which seem to complicate the debate rather than clarify it , because they contain many underlying ambiguous concepts and assumptions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 relies
1 the 3 discussion
2 little 3 discussion
3 discussion 4 there
3 discussion 5 relies
5 relies 6 heavily
5 relies 7 on
5 relies 11 as
7 on 9 concepts
8 thick 9 concepts
10 such 11 as
11 as 13 and
12 autonomy 13 and
13 and 14 obtrusiveness
13 and 15 which
13 and 16 seem
15 which 16 seem
16 seem 17 to
16 seem 23 clarify
17 to 18 complicate
18 complicate 20 debate
18 complicate 22 than
19 the 20 debate
21 rather 22 than
22 than 23 clarify
23 clarify 24 it
23 clarify 26 because
25 , 26 because
26 because 27 they
26 because 28 contain
26 because 35 .
27 they 28 contain
28 contain 29 many
29 many 30 underlying
30 underlying 33 and
31 ambiguous 32 concepts
32 concepts 33 and
33 and 34 assumptions

most encountered ethical objections originate from the view that people are , or should be , independent and self - determinant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 objections
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
1 most 2 encountered
2 encountered 4 objections
3 ethical 4 objections
4 objections 13 or
5 originate 6 from
5 originate 13 or
6 from 8 view
7 the 8 view
8 view 9 that
8 view 11 are
9 that 10 people
9 that 11 are
10 people 11 are
12 , 13 or
13 or 14 should
14 should 15 be
16 , 18 and
16 , 20 -
17 independent 18 and
18 and 19 self
20 - 21 determinant
20 - 22 .

it is questionable whether the view is correct and helpful in the debate on at use in the care for [(] frail ) elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 questionable
3 questionable 4 whether
4 whether 6 view
4 whether 7 is
5 the 6 view
6 view 7 is
7 is 16 use
7 is 17 in
7 is 20 for
8 correct 9 and
9 and 10 helpful
9 and 16 use
10 helpful 11 in
10 helpful 14 on
11 in 13 debate
12 the 13 debate
14 on 15 at
17 in 19 care
18 the 19 care
20 for 25 people
22 frail 23 )
22 frail 25 people
24 elderly 25 people

other ethical approaches that view people as social and reciprocal might be more applicable and shed a different light on the ethical aspects of at use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 other 3 approaches
2 ethical 3 approaches
3 approaches 4 that
3 approaches 5 view
3 approaches 11 might
4 that 5 view
5 view 6 people
5 view 7 as
7 as 9 and
8 social 9 and
9 and 10 reciprocal
11 might 15 and
12 be 14 applicable
12 be 15 and
13 more 14 applicable
15 and 16 shed
16 shed 19 light
16 shed 20 on
17 a 19 light
18 different 19 light
20 on 23 aspects
21 the 23 aspects
22 ethical 23 aspects
23 aspects 24 of
24 of 26 use
25 at 26 use

data were reported by median and range or incidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 reported
3 reported 4 by
4 by 8 or
5 median 6 and
6 and 7 range
6 and 8 or
8 or 9 incidence

characteristics in elbw neonates with raised peak scr ( >p75 ) were compared to controls ( [<] p75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 neonates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 characteristics 2 in
1 characteristics 4 neonates
2 in 3 elbw
4 neonates 5 with
4 neonates 12 were
5 with 8 scr
6 raised 7 peak
7 peak 8 scr
8 scr 10 >p75
9 ( 10 >p75
10 >p75 11 )
12 were 13 compared
13 compared 14 to
14 to 15 controls
15 controls 18 p75
16 ( 18 p75
18 p75 19 )

in 151 elbw neonates , an initial increase in scr was observed , resulting in a peak [scr] on day 3 or 4 of 99.9 ( 46.8 - 221.8 ) μmol/l with subsequent decrease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 observed
1 in 2 151
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 increase
2 151 3 elbw
2 151 4 neonates
3 elbw 4 neonates
6 an 7 initial
6 an 8 increase
7 initial 8 increase
8 increase 9 in
8 increase 11 was
9 in 10 scr
11 was 12 observed
12 observed 14 resulting
13 , 14 resulting
14 resulting 15 in
14 resulting 19 on
14 resulting 35 .
15 in 17 peak
16 a 17 peak
19 on 20 day
20 day 22 or
20 day 24 of
21 3 22 or
22 or 23 4
24 of 31 μmol/l
25 99.9 31 μmol/l
26 ( 28 -
27 46.8 28 -
28 - 29 221.8
28 - 30 )
28 - 31 μmol/l
31 μmol/l 32 with
32 with 34 decrease
33 subsequent 34 decrease

in cases ( n = 37 ) with a peak scr >p75 ( 112.3 μmol/l ) , scr remained elevated until day 28 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 scr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 cases
1 in 18 scr
2 cases 5 =
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 37
5 = 7 )
8 with 12 >p75
8 with 17 ,
8 with 18 scr
9 a 12 >p75
10 peak 12 >p75
11 scr 12 >p75
12 >p75 15 μmol/l
13 ( 15 μmol/l
14 112.3 15 μmol/l
15 μmol/l 16 )
18 scr 19 remained
19 remained 20 elevated
20 elevated 21 until
21 until 22 day
22 day 23 28

mothers of cases received less betamethasone , neonates had a lower ga , lower bw , lower apgar , and needed more often intubation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mothers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 mothers 2 of
1 mothers 4 received
2 of 3 cases
4 received 6 betamethasone
5 less 6 betamethasone
7 , 8 neonates
7 , 9 had
8 neonates 9 had
9 had 12 ga
9 had 20 and
10 a 12 ga
11 lower 12 ga
12 ga 15 bw
13 , 15 bw
14 lower 15 bw
15 bw 16 ,
17 lower 18 apgar
17 lower 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 needed
20 and 23 often
20 and 24 intubation
22 more 23 often

postnatal ventilation , oxygen , parenteral nutrition , ibuprofen , steroids , rop , and intraventricular hemorrhage were different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 postnatal 2 ventilation
2 ventilation 3 ,
3 , 4 oxygen
3 , 5 ,
5 , 7 nutrition
5 , 8 ,
6 parenteral 7 nutrition
8 , 9 ibuprofen
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 steroids
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 rop
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 hemorrhage
15 and 18 were
16 intraventricular 17 hemorrhage
18 were 19 different

ga and ventilation or apgar were independent factors for raised peak scr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 ga 2 and
2 and 3 ventilation
2 and 4 or
4 or 5 apgar
4 or 6 were
6 were 8 factors
7 independent 8 factors
8 factors 9 for
9 for 12 scr
10 raised 11 peak
11 peak 12 scr

elbw neonates display trends similar to heavier neonates , [but] peak scr is higher , and the subsequent decrease slower . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 neonates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 elbw 2 neonates
2 neonates 3 display
3 display 4 trends
4 trends 5 similar
5 similar 6 to
6 to 8 neonates
7 heavier 8 neonates
9 , 12 scr
9 , 13 is
9 , 16 and
11 peak 12 scr
12 scr 13 is
13 is 14 higher
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 subsequent
16 and 19 decrease
17 the 18 subsequent
18 subsequent 19 decrease
19 decrease 20 slower

raised creatinemia in elbw neonates reflects immaturity ( ga [ )(and morbidity ( ventilation , apgar ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 creatinemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reflects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 raised 2 creatinemia
2 creatinemia 3 in
2 creatinemia 6 reflects
3 in 5 neonates
4 elbw 5 neonates
6 reflects 7 immaturity
7 immaturity 11 )(and
8 ( 11 )(and
9 ga 11 )(and
11 )(and 12 morbidity
11 )(and 14 ventilation
11 )(and 16 apgar
11 )(and 17 )
13 ( 14 ventilation
14 ventilation 15 ,
15 , 16 apgar
16 apgar 17 )

this study investigated maturational differences of selective auditory attention effects on transient evoked responses and 40 [-] hz auditory steady - state responses between children and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 differences
4 maturational 5 differences
5 differences 6 of
6 of 10 effects
7 selective 9 attention
8 auditory 9 attention
9 attention 10 effects
10 effects 11 on
11 on 26 and
12 transient 13 evoked
13 evoked 14 responses
14 responses 15 and
15 and 23 responses
15 and 24 between
15 and 26 and
16 40 18 hz
18 hz 23 responses
19 auditory 22 state
20 steady 21 -
20 steady 22 state
22 state 23 responses
24 between 25 children
26 and 27 adults

magnetoencephalography ( meg ) was recorded from children and adults performing a task where they attended to 40 [-] hz amplitude [-] modulated ( am ) tones of 1,200 hz while ignoring 40 [-] hz am tones of 800 hz . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 meg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 magnetoencephalography 3 meg
2 ( 3 meg
3 meg 4 )
3 meg 5 was
5 was 6 recorded
6 recorded 7 from
6 recorded 14 where
7 from 9 and
8 children 9 and
9 and 10 adults
9 and 11 performing
11 performing 13 task
12 a 13 task
14 where 15 they
14 where 16 attended
15 they 16 attended
16 attended 17 to
16 attended 27 tones
16 attended 31 while
17 to 21 amplitude
18 40 20 hz
20 hz 21 amplitude
21 amplitude 23 modulated
21 amplitude 25 am
24 ( 25 am
25 am 26 )
27 tones 28 of
28 of 30 hz
29 1,200 30 hz
31 while 32 ignoring
32 ignoring 37 tones
33 40 35 hz
35 hz 37 tones
36 am 37 tones
37 tones 38 of
38 of 40 hz
39 800 40 hz

by using standard [dipole] - modeling procedures , the n1m of the transient evoked fields and [the] 40 - [hz] assrs were localized to secondary and primary auditory cortices , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 n1m
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 fields
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 localized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 by 2 using
1 by 8 ,
1 by 10 n1m
2 using 7 procedures
3 standard 5 -
3 standard 6 modeling
6 modeling 7 procedures
9 the 10 n1m
10 n1m 11 of
10 n1m 14 evoked
10 n1m 15 fields
11 of 13 transient
12 the 13 transient
16 and 18 40
16 and 19 -
18 40 19 -
19 - 21 assrs
21 assrs 22 were
22 were 23 localized
23 localized 24 to
23 localized 31 respectively
24 to 26 and
25 secondary 26 and
26 and 29 cortices
26 and 30 ,
27 primary 29 cortices
28 auditory 29 cortices

source waveforms for the transient evoked fields and assrs were reconstructed at these locations and compared between attended and unattended tones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 source 2 waveforms
2 waveforms 3 for
2 waveforms 18 attended
2 waveforms 19 and
3 for 5 transient
4 the 5 transient
5 transient 6 evoked
5 transient 8 and
5 transient 17 between
7 fields 8 and
8 and 9 assrs
8 and 15 and
10 were 11 reconstructed
10 were 15 and
11 reconstructed 12 at
12 at 14 locations
13 these 14 locations
15 and 16 compared
15 and 17 between
19 and 21 tones
20 unattended 21 tones

source waveforms revealed attention enhances the sustained negativity of the transient evoked responses in both adults and children around 250 and 400 [m] s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 waveforms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 source 2 waveforms
2 waveforms 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 attention
3 revealed 5 enhances
4 attention 5 enhances
5 enhances 8 negativity
5 enhances 14 in
5 enhances 19 around
6 the 8 negativity
7 sustained 8 negativity
8 negativity 9 of
9 of 13 responses
10 the 13 responses
11 transient 12 evoked
12 evoked 13 responses
14 in 17 and
15 both 17 and
16 adults 17 and
17 and 18 children
19 around 24 s
20 250 21 and
21 and 22 400
21 and 24 s

assrs were also found to be enhanced within this time range but only for adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 assrs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 assrs 2 were
2 were 4 found
3 also 4 found
4 found 5 to
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 enhanced
7 enhanced 12 but
8 within 11 range
8 within 12 but
9 this 11 range
10 time 11 range
12 but 13 only
12 but 14 for
14 for 15 adults

the results provide evidence for a limited role of attention modification of the 40 - [hz] assrs in children around the age of 12 years old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 provide
3 provide 4 evidence
3 provide 5 for
5 for 8 role
6 a 7 limited
6 a 8 role
7 limited 8 role
8 role 9 of
8 role 12 of
9 of 11 modification
10 attention 11 modification
12 of 14 40
13 the 14 40
15 - 17 assrs
17 assrs 18 in
18 in 19 children
19 children 20 around
19 children 23 of
20 around 22 age
21 the 22 age
23 of 24 12
24 12 26 old
25 years 26 old

because assrs are generated in a lower auditory processing stage as compared to the transient auditory evoked responses , findings from the present study could indicate that the maturation of attention progresses in top [-] [to] - bottom manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 because 2 assrs
1 because 4 generated
1 because 20 findings
2 assrs 3 are
3 are 4 generated
4 generated 5 in
4 generated 12 compared
5 in 10 stage
6 a 10 stage
7 lower 10 stage
8 auditory 10 stage
9 processing 10 stage
11 as 12 compared
13 to 18 responses
13 to 19 ,
13 to 20 findings
14 the 18 responses
15 transient 18 responses
16 auditory 18 responses
17 evoked 18 responses
20 findings 21 from
20 findings 25 could
21 from 24 study
22 the 24 study
23 present 24 study
25 could 26 indicate
26 indicate 27 that
27 that 29 maturation
27 that 32 progresses
28 the 29 maturation
29 maturation 30 of
29 maturation 32 progresses
30 of 31 attention
32 progresses 33 in
33 in 39 manner
34 top 37 -
34 top 38 bottom
38 bottom 39 manner

these findings fit with the notion that as a person gains sensory experience selective gating of [relevant] from irrelevant information likely occurs at earlier and earlier processing levels in order to become more automatic and efficient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 fit
3 fit 4 with
3 fit 7 that
3 fit 8 as
4 with 6 notion
5 the 6 notion
8 as 13 experience
8 as 24 earlier
9 a 13 experience
10 person 13 experience
11 gains 13 experience
12 sensory 13 experience
13 experience 15 gating
13 experience 23 at
14 selective 15 gating
15 gating 16 of
15 gating 22 occurs
16 of 18 from
18 from 20 information
19 irrelevant 20 information
21 likely 22 occurs
22 occurs 23 at
25 and 27 processing
25 and 28 levels
26 earlier 27 processing
27 processing 28 levels
28 levels 29 in
28 levels 31 to
29 in 30 order
31 to 32 become
32 become 33 more
32 become 35 and
34 automatic 35 and
35 and 36 efficient

populations [are] becoming progressively older thus presenting symptoms of diminished organ function due to degenerative processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 populations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 populations 3 becoming
1 populations 7 presenting
1 populations 12 function
3 becoming 5 older
4 progressively 5 older
6 thus 7 presenting
7 presenting 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 9 of
9 of 11 organ
10 diminished 11 organ
12 function 14 to
13 due 14 to
14 to 16 processes
15 degenerative 16 processes

these may be physiological or caused by additional factors damaging the organ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 these 5 or
2 may 3 be
2 may 5 or
3 be 4 physiological
5 or 6 caused
5 or 7 by
7 by 9 factors
8 additional 9 factors
9 factors 10 damaging
10 damaging 12 organ
11 the 12 organ

presbyacusis refers to the physiological age - related changes of the peripheral and central auditory system leading to hearing impairment and difficulty understanding spoken language . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 presbyacusis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 refers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 presbyacusis 2 refers
2 refers 3 to
3 to 6 age
4 the 6 age
5 physiological 6 age
7 - 8 related
8 related 13 and
8 related 18 to
9 changes 10 of
9 changes 13 and
10 of 12 peripheral
11 the 12 peripheral
13 and 16 system
13 and 17 leading
14 central 16 system
15 auditory 16 system
18 to 19 hearing
19 hearing 21 and
19 hearing 23 understanding
20 impairment 21 and
21 and 22 difficulty
23 understanding 25 language
24 spoken 25 language

in contrast to epidemiological data of other continents , the prevalence of age - related hearing loss ( arhl ) in europe is not well defined , due in part to the use of different classification systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 hearing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 16 hearing
2 contrast 3 to
3 to 5 data
4 epidemiological 5 data
5 data 6 of
5 data 15 related
6 of 8 continents
7 other 8 continents
8 continents 11 prevalence
9 , 11 prevalence
10 the 11 prevalence
11 prevalence 12 of
11 prevalence 14 -
12 of 13 age
16 hearing 17 loss
16 hearing 21 in
16 hearing 23 is
17 loss 19 arhl
18 ( 19 arhl
19 arhl 20 )
21 in 22 europe
23 is 24 not
23 is 25 well
25 well 26 defined
26 defined 27 ,
26 defined 28 due
28 due 30 part
29 in 30 part
30 part 31 to
31 to 33 use
32 the 33 use
33 use 34 of
34 of 37 systems
35 different 36 classification
36 classification 37 systems

we performed a systematic literature review with the aim of gaining a picture of the prevalence of arhl in europe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 performed
2 performed 6 review
2 performed 7 with
2 performed 19 in
3 a 4 systematic
3 a 6 review
4 systematic 5 literature
5 literature 6 review
7 with 9 aim
8 the 9 aim
9 aim 10 of
9 aim 17 of
10 of 11 gaining
11 gaining 13 picture
12 a 13 picture
13 picture 14 of
14 of 16 prevalence
15 the 16 prevalence
17 of 18 arhl
19 in 20 europe

the review included only population and epidemiological studies in english since 1970 with samples in european countries with subjects aged 60 years and above . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 review
2 review 3 included
3 included 4 only
3 included 6 and
3 included 9 in
3 included 11 since
3 included 13 with
5 population 6 and
6 and 8 studies
7 epidemiological 8 studies
9 in 10 english
11 since 12 1970
13 with 14 samples
14 samples 15 in
15 in 17 countries
16 european 17 countries
17 countries 23 and
18 with 22 years
18 with 23 and
19 subjects 20 aged
20 aged 22 years
21 60 22 years
23 and 24 above

nineteen studies met our selection criteria and additional five studies reported self - reported hearing impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 met
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 nineteen 2 studies
2 studies 3 met
3 met 12 self
4 our 12 self
5 selection 12 self
6 criteria 7 and
7 and 10 studies
7 and 11 reported
7 and 12 self
8 additional 10 studies
9 five 10 studies
13 - 14 reported
14 reported 15 hearing
15 hearing 16 impairment

when these data were crudely averaged and interpolated , roughly 30 % of men and 20 % of women in europe were found to have a hearing loss of 30 db hl or more by age 70 years , [and] 55 % of men and 45 % of women by age 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 when 3 data
1 when 4 were
1 when 7 and
2 these 3 data
3 data 4 were
4 were 5 crudely
6 averaged 7 and
7 and 8 interpolated
9 , 17 %
10 roughly 17 %
11 30 12 %
11 30 15 and
12 % 13 of
13 of 14 men
15 and 16 20
15 and 17 %
17 % 18 of
17 % 20 in
17 % 22 were
18 of 19 women
20 in 21 europe
22 were 23 found
23 found 24 to
24 to 25 have
25 have 27 hearing
25 have 33 or
25 have 35 by
26 a 27 hearing
28 loss 29 of
28 loss 33 or
29 of 32 hl
30 30 31 db
31 db 32 hl
33 or 34 more
35 by 38 years
36 age 38 years
37 70 38 years
38 years 47 %
39 , 47 %
41 55 42 %
41 55 45 and
42 % 43 of
43 of 44 men
45 and 46 45
45 and 47 %
47 % 48 of
47 % 50 by
47 % 54 .
48 of 49 women
50 by 53 years
51 age 53 years
52 80 53 years

apparent problems in comparing the available data were the heterogeneity of measures and cut - offs for grades of hearing impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 apparent 2 problems
2 problems 3 in
2 problems 8 were
3 in 4 comparing
4 comparing 7 data
5 the 7 data
6 available 7 data
8 were 10 heterogeneity
9 the 10 heterogeneity
10 heterogeneity 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 measures 13 and
13 and 14 cut
15 - 16 offs
16 offs 17 for
16 offs 19 of
17 for 18 grades
19 of 20 hearing
20 hearing 21 impairment

our systematic review of epidemiological data revealed more information gaps than information that would allow gaining a meaningful picture of prevalence of arhl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 3 review
2 systematic 3 review
3 review 4 of
3 review 7 revealed
4 of 6 data
5 epidemiological 6 data
7 revealed 10 gaps
7 revealed 11 than
8 more 10 gaps
9 information 10 gaps
11 than 12 information
11 than 20 of
12 information 13 that
12 information 15 allow
12 information 16 gaining
13 that 14 would
14 would 15 allow
16 gaining 19 picture
17 a 18 meaningful
17 a 19 picture
18 meaningful 19 picture
20 of 21 prevalence
21 prevalence 22 of
22 of 23 arhl

the need [for] standardized procedures when collecting and reporting epidemiological data on hearing loss has become evident . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 standardized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 need
2 need 4 standardized
4 standardized 5 procedures
5 procedures 6 when
6 when 11 data
6 when 16 become
7 collecting 8 and
8 and 9 reporting
8 and 11 data
10 epidemiological 11 data
11 data 12 on
11 data 15 has
12 on 13 hearing
13 hearing 14 loss
15 has 16 become
16 become 17 evident

development of hearing loss over time in conjunction with the increase in life expectancy is a major factor determining strategies of detection and correction of arhl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 development 2 of
1 development 15 is
2 of 3 hearing
3 hearing 4 loss
4 loss 5 over
4 loss 9 with
5 over 6 time
7 in 8 conjunction
8 conjunction 9 with
9 with 11 increase
10 the 11 increase
11 increase 12 in
12 in 14 expectancy
13 life 14 expectancy
15 is 18 factor
16 a 17 major
16 a 18 factor
17 major 18 factor
18 factor 19 determining
18 factor 21 of
18 factor 25 of
19 determining 20 strategies
21 of 23 and
22 detection 23 and
23 and 24 correction
25 of 26 arhl

thus , we recommend using the who classification of hearing loss strictly [and] including standard audiometric measures in population - based health surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 recommend
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 recommend
4 recommend 5 using
4 recommend 14 including
5 using 8 classification
6 the 8 classification
7 who 8 classification
8 classification 9 of
9 of 10 hearing
10 hearing 11 loss
12 strictly 14 including
14 including 17 measures
15 standard 17 measures
16 audiometric 17 measures
17 measures 18 in
18 in 19 population
19 population 23 surveys
20 - 23 surveys
21 based 22 health
22 health 23 surveys
23 surveys 24 .

none unlabelled : in this population [-] based study of more than 2,600 elderly , people with dementia received less preventive treatment for osteoporosis compared to people without dementia , although osteoporotic fractures were more common in patients with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 based
1 none 2 unlabelled
1 none 3 :
1 none 8 based
2 unlabelled 3 :
3 : 4 in
4 in 6 population
5 this 6 population
8 based 9 study
9 study 10 of
9 study 25 compared
10 of 16 people
11 more 12 than
12 than 13 2,600
13 2,600 16 people
14 elderly 15 ,
14 elderly 16 people
16 people 17 with
17 with 22 treatment
18 dementia 19 received
19 received 22 treatment
20 less 21 preventive
21 preventive 22 treatment
22 treatment 23 for
23 for 24 osteoporosis
25 compared 26 to
25 compared 28 without
25 compared 31 although
26 to 27 people
28 without 29 dementia
30 , 31 although
31 although 33 fractures
31 although 34 were
31 although 41 .
32 osteoporotic 33 fractures
33 fractures 34 were
34 were 36 common
35 more 36 common
36 common 37 in
36 common 39 with
37 in 38 patients
39 with 40 dementia

thus , our results indicate an undertreatment of osteoporosis in dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 7 undertreatment
5 indicate 10 in
6 an 7 undertreatment
7 undertreatment 8 of
8 of 9 osteoporosis
10 in 11 dementia

introduction : this study compares the use of osteoporosis drugs in elderly [with] and [without] dementia , taking into account osteoporotic fractures and type of housing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 compares
2 : 27 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 compares
5 compares 23 and
6 the 7 use
7 use 8 of
7 use 23 and
8 of 10 drugs
9 osteoporosis 10 drugs
10 drugs 11 in
10 drugs 18 taking
11 in 14 and
12 elderly 14 and
14 and 16 dementia
14 and 17 ,
18 taking 19 into
19 into 22 fractures
20 account 22 fractures
21 osteoporotic 22 fractures
23 and 25 of
24 type 25 of
25 of 26 housing

methods : we analyzed data from the baseline examination ( 2001 - 2004 ) of the swedish national study on aging and care - kungsholmen ( snac - k ) , stockholm , sweden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analyzed
2 : 31 ,
2 : 35 .
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 data
4 analyzed 6 from
4 analyzed 20 on
6 from 9 examination
7 the 9 examination
8 baseline 9 examination
9 examination 12 -
9 examination 15 of
10 ( 12 -
11 2001 12 -
12 - 13 2004
12 - 14 )
15 of 19 study
16 the 19 study
17 swedish 19 study
18 national 19 study
20 on 22 and
21 aging 22 and
22 and 23 care
23 care 27 snac
24 - 27 snac
25 kungsholmen 27 snac
26 ( 27 snac
27 snac 28 -
27 snac 29 k
27 snac 31 ,
28 - 29 k
29 k 30 )
31 , 32 stockholm
31 , 33 ,
33 , 34 sweden

participants were aged ≥ 66 years ( n = 2610 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 ≥
3 aged 4 ≥
4 ≥ 9 =
5 66 6 years
6 years 9 =
7 ( 9 =
8 n 9 =
9 = 10 2610
9 = 11 )

we analysed the use of bisphosphonates , raloxifene , and calcium/vitamin d combinations in relation to clinically based dementia diagnosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 analysed
2 analysed 10 and
2 analysed 16 to
3 the 4 use
4 use 5 of
4 use 10 and
5 of 6 bisphosphonates
6 bisphosphonates 8 raloxifene
7 , 8 raloxifene
8 raloxifene 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 13 combinations
11 calcium/vitamin 12 d
11 calcium/vitamin 13 combinations
14 in 15 relation
15 relation 16 to
16 to 20 diagnosis
17 clinically 18 based
18 based 19 dementia
19 dementia 20 diagnosis

information about osteoporotic fractures during the previous 4 years was obtained from the swedish national patient register . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 information 2 about
1 information 10 was
2 about 4 fractures
3 osteoporotic 4 fractures
4 fractures 5 during
5 during 9 years
6 the 7 previous
6 the 8 4
8 4 9 years
10 was 11 obtained
11 obtained 12 from
12 from 17 register
13 the 14 swedish
14 swedish 17 register
15 national 16 patient
16 patient 17 register

we used logistic regression to analyze the association between dementia status and use of osteoporosis drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 regression
2 used 5 to
2 used 6 analyze
3 logistic 4 regression
5 to 6 analyze
6 analyze 8 association
6 analyze 9 between
7 the 8 association
9 between 12 and
10 dementia 11 status
11 status 12 and
12 and 13 use
12 and 14 of
14 of 16 drugs
15 osteoporosis 16 drugs

results : osteoporosis drugs ( mainly calcium/vitamin d combinations ) were used by 5 % of the persons with dementia [and] 12 % of the persons without dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 drugs
2 : 12 used
2 : 29 .
3 osteoporosis 4 drugs
4 drugs 9 combinations
4 drugs 11 were
5 ( 6 mainly
5 ( 9 combinations
7 calcium/vitamin 8 d
7 calcium/vitamin 9 combinations
9 combinations 10 )
11 were 12 used
12 used 13 by
12 used 19 with
12 used 27 without
13 by 15 %
14 5 15 %
15 % 16 of
16 of 18 persons
17 the 18 persons
19 with 20 dementia
19 with 23 %
22 12 23 %
23 % 24 of
24 of 26 persons
25 the 26 persons
27 without 28 dementia

furthermore , 25 % of the persons with dementia [and] 7 % of the persons without dementia had had at least one osteoporotic fracture during the past 4 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 %
3 25 4 %
4 % 5 of
4 % 19 had
5 of 7 persons
6 the 7 persons
7 persons 8 with
8 with 9 dementia
9 dementia 12 %
9 dementia 18 had
11 7 12 %
12 % 13 of
12 % 18 had
13 of 15 persons
14 the 15 persons
15 persons 16 without
16 without 17 dementia
19 had 24 fracture
19 had 25 during
20 at 21 least
21 least 22 one
22 one 24 fracture
23 osteoporotic 24 fracture
25 during 29 years
26 the 27 past
26 the 28 4
28 4 29 years

after controlling for age , sex , osteoporotic fractures , and type of housing ( [own] home or institution ) , persons with dementia were less likely to use osteoporosis drugs than persons without dementia ( or [=] 0.34 [;] 95 % ci , 0.19 - 0.59 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 persons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 were
1 after 2 controlling
1 after 21 ,
1 after 22 persons
2 controlling 3 for
2 controlling 11 and
3 for 4 age
4 age 6 sex
5 , 6 sex
6 sex 7 ,
8 osteoporotic 9 fractures
9 fractures 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 type
11 and 13 of
11 and 18 or
13 of 14 housing
15 ( 18 or
17 home 18 or
18 or 19 institution
18 or 20 )
22 persons 23 with
22 persons 25 were
23 with 24 dementia
25 were 26 less
25 were 28 to
25 were 32 than
27 likely 28 to
28 to 29 use
29 use 31 drugs
30 osteoporosis 31 drugs
32 than 33 persons
33 persons 34 without
33 persons 43 ci
34 without 35 dementia
36 ( 43 ci
37 or 43 ci
39 0.34 43 ci
41 95 43 ci
42 % 43 ci
43 ci 45 0.19
43 ci 49 .
44 , 45 0.19
45 0.19 47 0.59
45 0.19 49 .
46 - 47 0.59
47 0.59 48 )

conclusions : our results indicate an undertreatment of osteoporosis in persons with dementia , although osteoporotic fractures are common among these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicate
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 7 undertreatment
5 indicate 10 in
5 indicate 12 with
5 indicate 15 although
6 an 7 undertreatment
7 undertreatment 8 of
8 of 9 osteoporosis
10 in 11 persons
12 with 13 dementia
14 , 15 although
15 although 17 fractures
16 osteoporotic 17 fractures
17 fractures 18 are
18 are 19 common
19 common 20 among
20 among 22 patients
21 these 22 patients

degenerative disorders of the musculoskeletal system , in particular osteoarthritis , are among the most common diseases of the elderly and their importance in an aging society is continuously increasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 degenerative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 degenerative 2 disorders
1 degenerative 12 are
1 degenerative 28 is
2 disorders 3 of
2 disorders 12 are
3 of 6 system
4 the 6 system
5 musculoskeletal 6 system
6 system 8 in
7 , 8 in
8 in 10 osteoarthritis
8 in 11 ,
9 particular 10 osteoarthritis
12 are 13 among
12 are 24 in
13 among 17 diseases
14 the 15 most
15 most 17 diseases
16 common 17 diseases
17 diseases 18 of
18 of 21 and
19 the 20 elderly
20 elderly 21 and
21 and 23 importance
22 their 23 importance
24 in 27 society
25 an 27 society
26 aging 27 society
28 is 30 increasing
29 continuously 30 increasing

correspondingly , many surgical interventions are undertaken and pathological specimens submitted for histopathologic workup . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 correspondingly 2 ,
1 correspondingly 5 interventions
3 many 5 interventions
4 surgical 5 interventions
5 interventions 6 are
6 are 7 undertaken
8 and 10 specimens
8 and 11 submitted
9 pathological 10 specimens
10 specimens 11 submitted
11 submitted 12 for
12 for 14 workup
13 histopathologic 14 workup

the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis , which ultimately leads to joint destruction , is still poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pathophysiology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 pathophysiology
2 pathophysiology 3 of
2 pathophysiology 6 which
2 pathophysiology 13 is
3 of 4 osteoarthritis
5 , 6 which
6 which 8 leads
6 which 12 ,
7 ultimately 8 leads
8 leads 9 to
9 to 10 joint
10 joint 11 destruction
13 is 16 understood
14 still 16 understood
15 poorly 16 understood

the question remains as to whether the cause lies [(] mainly [ )(within the chondrocytes themselves [(] e.g . cellular aging/senescence [ )(or whether the synovial membrane or the subchondral bone are equally or even more important factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 question
2 question 3 remains
3 remains 5 to
3 remains 18 e.g
4 as 5 to
5 to 6 whether
6 whether 8 cause
6 whether 9 lies
7 the 8 cause
8 cause 9 lies
9 lies 11 mainly
9 lies 16 themselves
11 mainly 13 )(within
13 )(within 15 chondrocytes
14 the 15 chondrocytes
19 . 34 or
19 . 39 .
20 cellular 21 aging/senescence
21 aging/senescence 23 )(or
23 )(or 24 whether
23 )(or 28 or
23 )(or 32 are
23 )(or 34 or
25 the 27 membrane
26 synovial 27 membrane
27 membrane 28 or
28 or 31 bone
28 or 32 are
29 the 31 bone
30 subchondral 31 bone
32 are 33 equally
34 or 38 factors
35 even 36 more
36 more 37 important
37 important 38 factors

the process of joint destruction can be evaluated in terms of pathogenesis ( typing ) , extent ( staging ) and degree of the most extensive focal damage [(] grading [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 )(
1 the 2 process
2 process 3 of
2 process 6 can
3 of 5 destruction
4 joint 5 destruction
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 in
9 in 21 and
10 terms 11 of
10 terms 21 and
11 of 12 pathogenesis
12 pathogenesis 14 typing
12 pathogenesis 17 extent
13 ( 14 typing
14 typing 15 )
16 , 17 extent
17 extent 19 staging
17 extent 20 )
18 ( 19 staging
19 staging 20 )
21 and 22 degree
21 and 23 of
23 of 30 grading
24 the 25 most
25 most 30 grading
26 extensive 28 damage
27 focal 28 damage
28 damage 30 grading

because of the heterogeneity of the disease and substantial individual differences in progression , classification and grading of cartilage degeneration represents a complex task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 20 degeneration
2 of 8 and
3 the 4 heterogeneity
4 heterogeneity 5 of
4 heterogeneity 8 and
5 of 7 disease
6 the 7 disease
8 and 11 differences
9 substantial 10 individual
10 individual 11 differences
11 differences 12 in
12 in 16 and
13 progression 14 ,
14 , 15 classification
14 , 16 and
16 and 17 grading
16 and 18 of
18 of 19 cartilage
20 degeneration 21 represents
21 represents 24 task
22 a 24 task
23 complex 24 task

any pathology report should be concise and delineate only the essential features . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 any 3 report
2 pathology 3 report
3 report 4 should
4 should 7 and
5 be 6 concise
5 be 7 and
7 and 8 delineate
8 delineate 9 only
8 delineate 12 features
10 the 12 features
11 essential 12 features

differentiating between primary osteoarthritis and secondary degenerative changes , e.g [.] , due to previously unknown rheumatoid disease , bone necrosis or an infection of the joint , is of particular clinical interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 e.g
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 differentiating 2 between
1 differentiating 9 ,
1 differentiating 10 e.g
2 between 5 and
3 primary 4 osteoarthritis
4 osteoarthritis 5 and
5 and 8 changes
5 and 9 ,
6 secondary 8 changes
7 degenerative 8 changes
10 e.g 13 due
10 e.g 22 or
10 e.g 29 is
12 , 13 due
13 due 14 to
13 due 19 ,
14 to 18 disease
15 previously 16 unknown
16 unknown 18 disease
17 rheumatoid 18 disease
19 , 22 or
20 bone 21 necrosis
21 necrosis 22 or
22 or 24 infection
22 or 25 of
22 or 28 ,
23 an 24 infection
25 of 27 joint
26 the 27 joint
29 is 30 of
30 of 33 interest
31 particular 33 interest
32 clinical 33 interest

purpose : to establish preliminary normative data for macular thickness ( mt ) and macular volume ( mv ) by cirrus high - definition optical coherence tomography ( carl zeiss meditec , dublin , ca ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 establish
3 to 4 establish
4 establish 14 and
4 establish 20 by
5 preliminary 7 data
6 normative 7 data
7 data 8 for
7 data 14 and
8 for 10 thickness
9 macular 10 thickness
10 thickness 12 mt
11 ( 12 mt
12 mt 13 )
14 and 16 volume
14 and 18 mv
15 macular 16 volume
17 ( 18 mv
18 mv 19 )
20 by 27 tomography
21 cirrus 27 tomography
22 high 23 -
22 high 24 definition
24 definition 27 tomography
25 optical 26 coherence
26 coherence 27 tomography
27 tomography 31 meditec
27 tomography 33 dublin
27 tomography 35 ca
28 ( 31 meditec
29 carl 30 zeiss
30 zeiss 31 meditec
31 meditec 32 ,
32 , 33 dublin
33 dublin 34 ,
34 , 35 ca
35 ca 36 )

retinal thicknesses in nine early treatment diabetic retinopathy study subfields ( including central subfield thickness [[] [cst] ] [ )(, mt , and mv were measured with cirrus high - definition optical coherence tomography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 retinal 2 thicknesses
2 thicknesses 3 in
2 thicknesses 23 and
3 in 10 subfields
4 nine 10 subfields
5 early 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 diabetic
7 diabetic 8 retinopathy
8 retinopathy 10 subfields
9 study 10 subfields
10 subfields 12 including
10 subfields 21 mt
11 ( 12 including
12 including 15 thickness
12 including 18 ]
13 central 15 thickness
14 subfield 15 thickness
20 )(, 21 mt
21 mt 22 ,
23 and 24 mv
23 and 25 were
25 were 26 measured
26 measured 27 with
26 measured 29 high
27 with 28 cirrus
30 - 34 tomography
31 definition 34 tomography
32 optical 33 coherence
33 coherence 34 tomography

effects of age , gender , lens status , and diabetic status on these measurements were analyzed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 effects 2 of
1 effects 4 ,
2 of 3 age
4 , 5 gender
4 , 6 ,
6 , 8 status
6 , 10 and
7 lens 8 status
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 status
10 and 13 on
10 and 16 were
11 diabetic 12 status
13 on 15 measurements
14 these 15 measurements
16 were 17 analyzed

results : the mean ± sd [cst] , mt , and mv were 262.4 ± 22.8 μm , 281.3 ± 14.5 μm , and 10.1 ± 0.6 mm3 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mean
2 : 5 ±
2 : 11 and
2 : 24 and
3 the 4 mean
4 mean 5 ±
5 ± 6 sd
6 sd 9 mt
8 , 9 mt
9 mt 10 ,
11 and 19 281.3
11 and 20 ±
12 mv 19 281.3
13 were 14 262.4
13 were 15 ±
13 were 18 ,
13 were 19 281.3
15 ± 17 μm
16 22.8 17 μm
19 281.3 20 ±
20 ± 22 μm
21 14.5 22 μm
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 10.1
24 and 26 ±
25 10.1 26 ±
26 ± 28 mm3
26 ± 30 respectively
27 0.6 28 mm3
29 , 30 respectively
30 respectively 31 .

although [cst] [and] age were not associated ( p = 0.45 ) , both mean mt and mean mv declined with age ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 both
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 although 4 age
1 although 7 associated
1 although 13 ,
1 although 14 both
4 age 5 were
5 were 6 not
5 were 7 associated
7 associated 10 =
8 ( 10 =
9 p 10 =
10 = 11 0.45
10 = 12 )
14 both 17 and
15 mean 16 mt
15 mean 17 and
17 and 18 mean
18 mean 19 mv
18 mean 20 declined
19 mv 20 declined
20 declined 21 with
21 with 22 age
22 age 25 <
23 ( 25 <
24 p 25 <
25 < 26 0.0001
25 < 27 )

[central] subfield thickness ( p = 0.002 ) , mean mt ( p = 0.021 ) , and mv ( p = 0.041 ) were higher in men compared with women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subfield
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 subfield 3 thickness
3 thickness 6 =
4 ( 6 =
5 p 6 =
6 = 7 0.002
6 = 8 )
9 , 10 mean
10 mean 18 and
10 mean 25 were
11 mt 14 =
11 mt 18 and
12 ( 14 =
13 p 14 =
14 = 15 0.021
14 = 16 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 mv
18 and 25 were
19 mv 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 23 0.041
22 = 24 )
25 were 26 higher
26 higher 27 in
27 in 28 men
28 men 29 compared
29 compared 30 with
30 with 31 women

neither lens status nor diabetic status affected [cst] , mt , or mv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 neither 4 nor
2 lens 3 status
3 status 4 nor
4 nor 6 status
4 nor 9 ,
5 diabetic 6 status
6 status 7 affected
9 , 10 mt
9 , 12 or
11 , 12 or
12 or 13 mv

conclusion : a pilot study showed that preliminary normative [cst] , mt , and mv values were obtained by cirrus high - definition optical coherence tomography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 showed
3 a 5 study
4 pilot 5 study
5 study 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
6 showed 12 mt
6 showed 14 and
6 showed 19 by
8 preliminary 12 mt
9 normative 11 ,
9 normative 12 mt
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 mv
15 mv 16 values
15 mv 17 were
15 mv 18 obtained
16 values 17 were
19 by 26 tomography
20 cirrus 26 tomography
21 high 22 -
21 high 23 definition
23 definition 26 tomography
24 optical 25 coherence
25 coherence 26 tomography

the authors propose that [cst] ranges from 216.8 μm to 308 μm in normal eyes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 propose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 propose
3 propose 4 that
3 propose 6 ranges
4 that 6 ranges
6 ranges 7 from
6 ranges 13 in
7 from 10 to
8 216.8 9 μm
9 μm 10 to
10 to 12 μm
11 308 12 μm
13 in 15 eyes
14 normal 15 eyes

older age and female gender were associated with thinner mt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 older 2 age
2 age 3 and
3 and 5 gender
3 and 6 were
4 female 5 gender
6 were 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 mt
9 thinner 10 mt

background and aims : the aim of the present study was to determine whether age and gender affect the imbalance between oxidant production and antioxidant levels in age - related macular degeneration ( armd ) patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 36 patients
4 : 37 .
5 the 6 aim
6 aim 7 of
6 aim 21 between
6 aim 24 and
7 of 9 present
8 the 9 present
9 present 10 study
9 present 13 determine
10 study 11 was
11 was 12 to
11 was 13 determine
12 to 13 determine
13 determine 14 whether
14 whether 16 and
14 whether 18 affect
15 age 16 and
16 and 17 gender
16 and 18 affect
18 affect 20 imbalance
19 the 20 imbalance
21 between 23 production
22 oxidant 23 production
24 and 26 levels
24 and 27 in
24 and 36 patients
25 antioxidant 26 levels
27 in 28 age
28 age 32 degeneration
29 - 32 degeneration
30 related 32 degeneration
31 macular 32 degeneration
32 degeneration 34 armd
32 degeneration 35 )
33 ( 34 armd
34 armd 35 )

methods : total superoxide dismutase ( t - sod ) , total glutathione peroxidase ( t - gshpx ) , and [catalase] ( cat ) activities [,] [as] well as malondialdehyde ( mda ) , protein carbonyl ( pc ) , 8 - hydroxy - 29 - deoxyguanosine ( 8 - ohdg ) and total oxidation status ( tos ) levels , were measured in the following groups subdivided by age and gender [:] 156 early - armd patients [;] 80 wet - late armd patients [;] 72 dry - late armd patients [;] and 207 healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 methods 2 :
2 : 5 dismutase
3 total 5 dismutase
4 superoxide 5 dismutase
5 dismutase 7 t
5 dismutase 9 sod
6 ( 7 t
7 t 8 -
8 - 9 sod
9 sod 10 )
11 , 12 total
11 , 20 ,
12 total 14 peroxidase
13 glutathione 14 peroxidase
14 peroxidase 16 t
14 peroxidase 18 gshpx
15 ( 16 t
16 t 17 -
17 - 18 gshpx
18 gshpx 19 )
20 , 21 and
21 and 26 activities
21 and 29 well
23 ( 24 cat
24 cat 25 )
24 cat 26 activities
26 activities 29 well
29 well 30 as
29 well 37 carbonyl
30 as 36 protein
31 malondialdehyde 33 mda
31 malondialdehyde 35 ,
31 malondialdehyde 36 protein
32 ( 33 mda
33 mda 34 )
37 carbonyl 39 pc
37 carbonyl 43 -
38 ( 39 pc
39 pc 40 )
41 , 43 -
42 8 43 -
43 - 54 and
44 hydroxy 47 -
44 hydroxy 54 and
45 - 47 -
46 29 47 -
47 - 48 deoxyguanosine
47 - 53 )
48 deoxyguanosine 51 -
49 ( 51 -
50 8 51 -
51 - 52 ohdg
51 - 53 )
54 and 56 oxidation
54 and 57 status
54 and 62 ,
55 total 56 oxidation
57 status 59 tos
57 status 62 ,
58 ( 59 tos
59 tos 60 )
61 levels 62 ,
62 , 63 were
62 , 65 in
62 , 69 subdivided
63 were 64 measured
65 in 67 following
66 the 67 following
68 groups 69 subdivided
69 subdivided 70 by
70 by 78 armd
71 age 72 and
72 and 73 gender
72 and 78 armd
73 gender 75 156
76 early 77 -
76 early 78 armd
78 armd 79 patients
78 armd 82 wet
78 armd 90 -
79 patients 81 80
79 patients 82 wet
83 - 90 -
84 late 86 patients
85 armd 86 patients
86 patients 88 72
86 patients 89 dry
86 patients 90 -
88 72 89 dry
90 - 95 and
90 - 99 .
91 late 93 patients
92 armd 93 patients
93 patients 95 and
95 and 98 controls
96 207 98 controls
97 healthy 98 controls

results : among all study participants , women aged 50 - 54 [had] higher t - sod and t - gshpx activities and lower mda , pc , tos and 8 - ohdg levels than age - matched men ( p<0.05 ) , whereas older women were not significantly different from agematched older men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 levels
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 6 participants
4 all 6 participants
5 study 6 participants
6 participants 8 women
7 , 8 women
8 women 9 aged
8 women 15 t
8 women 16 -
9 aged 10 50
11 - 15 t
12 54 15 t
14 higher 15 t
15 t 16 -
16 - 29 tos
16 - 30 and
17 sod 18 and
18 and 19 t
18 and 20 -
18 and 22 activities
21 gshpx 22 activities
22 activities 23 and
23 and 24 lower
23 and 29 tos
25 mda 27 pc
25 mda 29 tos
26 , 27 pc
27 pc 28 ,
30 and 31 8
30 and 32 -
31 8 32 -
32 - 33 ohdg
33 ohdg 34 levels
34 levels 35 than
34 levels 36 age
34 levels 44 whereas
36 age 39 men
37 - 39 men
38 matched 39 men
39 men 41 p<0.05
39 men 43 ,
40 ( 41 p<0.05
41 p<0.05 42 )
43 , 44 whereas
44 whereas 46 women
44 whereas 47 were
44 whereas 55 .
45 older 46 women
46 women 47 were
47 were 48 not
47 were 49 significantly
47 were 50 different
50 different 51 from
51 from 54 men
52 agematched 54 men
53 older 54 men

significantly increased oxidative damage was associated with armd patients >60 years of age in both sexes compared with controls ( p<0.01 for 60 - 64 and 65 - 69 - year [-] old armd subgroups ; p<0.001 for 70 - 74 and 75 - 80 - year [-] old armd subgroups ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 p<0.001
1 significantly 2 increased
2 increased 5 was
2 increased 7 with
3 oxidative 4 damage
4 damage 5 was
5 was 6 associated
7 with 11 years
7 with 17 compared
8 armd 11 years
9 patients 11 years
10 >60 11 years
11 years 12 of
12 of 13 age
13 age 14 in
14 in 16 sexes
15 both 16 sexes
17 compared 18 with
18 with 19 controls
18 with 26 and
19 controls 21 p<0.01
20 ( 21 p<0.01
21 p<0.01 22 for
21 p<0.01 24 -
22 for 23 60
25 64 26 and
26 and 27 65
28 - 29 69
28 - 30 -
28 - 36 ;
30 - 35 subgroups
31 year 33 old
33 old 35 subgroups
34 armd 35 subgroups
36 ; 37 p<0.001
37 p<0.001 38 for
38 for 39 70
39 70 42 and
39 70 45 80
40 - 42 and
41 74 42 and
42 and 43 75
42 and 44 -
44 - 45 80
45 80 51 subgroups
45 80 53 .
46 - 51 subgroups
47 year 51 subgroups
49 old 51 subgroups
50 armd 51 subgroups
51 subgroups 52 )

multiple regression analysis demonstrates that age significantly affects antioxidant status and oxidative damage in armd patients compared with controls ( controls , p<0.05 [;] armd patients , p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
1 multiple 2 regression
2 regression 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 demonstrates
4 demonstrates 5 that
5 that 6 age
5 that 8 affects
6 age 8 affects
7 significantly 8 affects
8 affects 10 status
9 antioxidant 10 status
11 and 13 damage
11 and 17 compared
12 oxidative 13 damage
13 damage 14 in
13 damage 17 compared
14 in 16 patients
15 armd 16 patients
17 compared 18 with
18 with 19 controls
19 controls 21 controls
19 controls 26 patients
20 ( 21 controls
21 controls 22 ,
22 , 26 patients
23 p<0.05 26 patients
25 armd 26 patients
26 patients 28 p<0.001
26 patients 30 .
27 , 28 p<0.001
28 p<0.001 29 )

a direct correlation with antioxidant enzyme activities and an inverse correlation with oxidative dna , protein and lipid damage were also observed in premenopausal women ( controls , p<0.05 ; armd patients , plt;0.001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 plt;0.001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 )(
1 a 3 correlation
2 direct 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 with
3 correlation 12 with
3 correlation 15 ,
4 with 8 and
5 antioxidant 6 enzyme
6 enzyme 7 activities
7 activities 8 and
8 and 11 correlation
9 an 10 inverse
9 an 11 correlation
10 inverse 11 correlation
12 with 14 dna
13 oxidative 14 dna
15 , 16 protein
15 , 17 and
17 and 19 damage
17 and 20 were
18 lipid 19 damage
20 were 22 observed
21 also 22 observed
22 observed 23 in
23 in 25 women
24 premenopausal 25 women
25 women 27 controls
26 ( 27 controls
27 controls 29 p<0.05
27 controls 30 ;
28 , 29 p<0.05
29 p<0.05 30 ;
30 ; 32 patients
30 ; 33 ,
31 armd 32 patients
33 , 34 plt;0.001

conclusions : aging and postmenopausal status may be aggravating factors contributing to redox imbalance and oxidative damage in armd patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 aging
4 and 6 status
4 and 8 be
5 postmenopausal 6 status
6 status 7 may
7 may 8 be
8 be 10 factors
8 be 12 to
8 be 18 in
9 aggravating 10 factors
10 factors 11 contributing
12 to 15 and
13 redox 14 imbalance
14 imbalance 15 and
15 and 17 damage
16 oxidative 17 damage
18 in 20 patients
19 armd 20 patients

aim : to evaluate habitual macronutrient intake and its association with common cardiovascular risk factors in brazilian elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 8 and
2 : 20 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 intake
5 habitual 7 intake
6 macronutrient 7 intake
8 and 10 association
8 and 15 factors
9 its 10 association
10 association 11 with
10 association 15 factors
11 with 14 risk
12 common 14 risk
13 cardiovascular 14 risk
15 factors 16 in
15 factors 19 women
17 brazilian 19 women
18 elderly 19 women

methods : analytical cross - sectional study with 293 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 cross
2 : 5 -
2 : 11 .
3 analytical 4 cross
5 - 7 study
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 8 with
8 with 10 subjects
9 293 10 subjects

carbohydrate , protein and lipid intakes were determined based on a [non] [-] consecutive [three] - day dietary record . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 carbohydrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 carbohydrate 9 based
2 , 8 determined
3 protein 4 and
4 and 5 lipid
4 and 6 intakes
4 and 7 were
4 and 8 determined
6 intakes 7 were
8 determined 9 based
9 based 10 on
9 based 19 record
10 on 17 day
11 a 17 day
14 consecutive 16 -
14 consecutive 17 day
18 dietary 19 record

the following conditions were evaluated : dyslipidemia , systemic arterial hypertension , and type 2 diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 the 2 following
1 the 3 conditions
3 conditions 4 were
4 were 5 evaluated
6 : 13 and
6 : 17 .
7 dyslipidemia 8 ,
8 , 11 hypertension
8 , 13 and
9 systemic 11 hypertension
10 arterial 11 hypertension
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 diabetes
14 type 16 diabetes
15 2 16 diabetes

results : anthropometric , clinical and biochemical data revealed an elevated prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors in the sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 anthropometric
4 , 8 data
4 , 9 revealed
5 clinical 6 and
6 and 7 biochemical
6 and 8 data
8 data 9 revealed
9 revealed 12 prevalence
9 revealed 17 factors
10 an 12 prevalence
11 elevated 12 prevalence
12 prevalence 13 of
12 prevalence 17 factors
13 of 16 risk
14 classic 16 risk
15 cardiovascular 16 risk
17 factors 18 in
17 factors 20 sample
19 the 20 sample

higher energy intake from omega - 3 fatty acid was associated with elevated levels of high - density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p<0.05 ) , whereas a diet pattern with a relatively lower energy content from monounsaturated fatty acids was associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 higher 2 energy
2 energy 3 intake
3 intake 4 from
3 intake 13 elevated
4 from 5 omega
5 omega 7 3
5 omega 12 with
6 - 7 3
7 3 9 acid
7 3 10 was
7 3 11 associated
8 fatty 9 acid
9 acid 10 was
11 associated 12 with
13 elevated 14 levels
13 elevated 25 whereas
14 levels 15 of
15 of 20 cholesterol
16 high 17 -
16 high 18 density
18 density 20 cholesterol
19 lipoprotein 20 cholesterol
20 cholesterol 22 p<0.05
21 ( 22 p<0.05
22 p<0.05 23 )
24 , 25 whereas
25 whereas 28 pattern
25 whereas 40 associated
25 whereas 50 )
26 a 28 pattern
27 diet 28 pattern
28 pattern 29 with
28 pattern 35 from
28 pattern 39 was
29 with 34 content
30 a 34 content
31 relatively 32 lower
32 lower 33 energy
33 energy 34 content
35 from 38 acids
36 monounsaturated 38 acids
37 fatty 38 acids
39 was 40 associated
40 associated 41 with
41 with 43 presence
42 the 43 presence
43 presence 44 of
43 presence 49 p<0.05
44 of 47 diabetes
45 type 47 diabetes
46 2 47 diabetes
48 ( 49 p<0.05
49 p<0.05 50 )

conclusions : results corroborate experimental reports and contribute by suggesting that the usual diet , independently of supplementation , may be valuable in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 results
2 : 7 and
2 : 32 .
3 results 7 and
4 corroborate 6 reports
4 corroborate 7 and
5 experimental 6 reports
7 and 8 contribute
7 and 23 in
7 and 29 diseases
8 contribute 9 by
9 by 10 suggesting
10 suggesting 11 that
10 suggesting 21 be
11 that 13 usual
11 that 14 diet
11 that 20 may
12 the 13 usual
13 usual 14 diet
14 diet 16 independently
15 , 16 independently
16 independently 17 of
16 independently 19 ,
17 of 18 supplementation
20 may 21 be
21 be 22 valuable
23 in 24 promoting
24 promoting 26 and
25 health 26 and
26 and 27 preventing
28 chronic 29 diseases
29 diseases 30 of
30 of 31 aging

none background and aims : growing interest in understanding the relationship between subjective memory complaints ( smcs ) and objective measures of memory abilities emphasizes the importance of smc assessment for diagnostic purposes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 emphasizes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 none 4 aims
1 none 9 understanding
1 none 25 emphasizes
2 background 3 and
3 and 4 aims
4 aims 5 :
5 : 6 growing
6 growing 7 interest
6 growing 8 in
8 in 9 understanding
9 understanding 19 and
10 the 11 relationship
11 relationship 12 between
11 relationship 19 and
12 between 15 complaints
13 subjective 14 memory
14 memory 15 complaints
15 complaints 17 smcs
16 ( 17 smcs
17 smcs 18 )
19 and 21 measures
19 and 22 of
20 objective 21 measures
22 of 24 abilities
23 memory 24 abilities
25 emphasizes 27 importance
25 emphasizes 31 for
26 the 27 importance
27 importance 28 of
28 of 30 assessment
29 smc 30 assessment
31 for 33 purposes
32 diagnostic 33 purposes

the present study investigated the relationship between smcs and objective memory deficits in elderly adults by analysis of the factor structure of the everyday memory questionnaire ( emq ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 relationship
4 investigated 7 between
4 investigated 13 in
4 investigated 16 by
5 the 6 relationship
7 between 9 and
8 smcs 9 and
9 and 12 deficits
10 objective 11 memory
11 memory 12 deficits
13 in 15 adults
14 elderly 15 adults
16 by 17 analysis
17 analysis 18 of
17 analysis 22 of
17 analysis 28 emq
18 of 21 structure
19 the 21 structure
20 factor 21 structure
22 of 26 questionnaire
23 the 26 questionnaire
24 everyday 25 memory
25 memory 26 questionnaire
27 ( 28 emq
28 emq 29 )

methods : objective and subjective assessment of memory [function] was carried out in 112 elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 assessment
2 : 11 carried
2 : 17 .
3 objective 4 and
4 and 5 subjective
4 and 6 assessment
6 assessment 7 of
6 assessment 10 was
7 of 8 memory
10 was 11 carried
11 carried 12 out
11 carried 13 in
13 in 16 adults
14 112 16 adults
15 elderly 16 adults

principal component analysis was then performed to study the factor structure of the emq in relation to the assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 principal 3 analysis
2 component 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 6 performed
5 then 6 performed
6 performed 7 to
6 performed 17 to
7 to 8 study
8 study 11 structure
9 the 11 structure
10 factor 11 structure
11 structure 12 of
12 of 14 emq
13 the 14 emq
15 in 16 relation
16 relation 17 to
17 to 19 assessment
18 the 19 assessment

results : objective memory impairment was evident in 8.9 % of elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 impairment
2 : 6 was
2 : 14 .
3 objective 4 memory
4 memory 5 impairment
5 impairment 6 was
6 was 7 evident
7 evident 8 in
8 in 10 %
9 8.9 10 %
10 % 11 of
11 of 13 adults
12 elderly 13 adults

the factor analysis showed that the most interpretable solution to detect objective changes with the emq comprised only 20 out of 28 items of the original list , with three factors explaining 48 % of total variance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
1 the 3 analysis
2 factor 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
4 showed 9 solution
4 showed 10 to
4 showed 14 with
6 the 9 solution
7 most 8 interpretable
8 interpretable 9 solution
10 to 11 detect
11 detect 13 changes
12 objective 13 changes
14 with 16 emq
14 with 18 only
14 with 19 20
15 the 16 emq
16 emq 17 comprised
19 20 21 of
19 20 24 of
19 20 29 with
20 out 21 of
21 of 23 items
22 28 23 items
24 of 27 list
25 the 27 list
26 original 27 list
28 , 29 with
29 with 31 factors
29 with 38 .
30 three 31 factors
31 factors 32 explaining
31 factors 35 of
32 explaining 34 %
33 48 34 %
35 of 37 variance
36 total 37 variance

this version was more sensitive for detecting smcs in elderly adults , since one out of the three factors was able to differentiate subjects with objective memory deficits from those [without] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 version
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
1 this 2 version
2 version 3 was
3 was 5 sensitive
4 more 5 sensitive
5 sensitive 6 for
5 sensitive 13 since
6 for 7 detecting
7 detecting 8 smcs
8 smcs 9 in
9 in 11 adults
10 elderly 11 adults
12 , 13 since
13 since 14 one
13 since 23 differentiate
13 since 32 .
14 one 16 of
14 one 20 was
15 out 16 of
16 of 19 factors
17 the 18 three
18 three 19 factors
20 was 21 able
21 able 22 to
22 to 23 differentiate
23 differentiate 24 subjects
23 differentiate 25 with
25 with 28 deficits
26 objective 28 deficits
27 memory 28 deficits
28 deficits 29 from
29 from 30 those

background and aims : the relative weight of various etiologies of dementia and mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) as predictors [of] [intra] - hospital , short - and long - term mortality in very old acutely ill patients suffering from multiple comorbid conditions remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 7 weight
4 : 24 -
5 the 7 weight
6 relative 7 weight
7 weight 8 of
8 of 10 etiologies
9 various 10 etiologies
10 etiologies 11 of
10 etiologies 20 as
11 of 13 and
12 dementia 13 and
13 and 16 impairment
13 and 18 mci
14 mild 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment
17 ( 18 mci
18 mci 19 )
20 as 21 predictors
24 - 25 hospital
24 - 26 ,
26 , 27 short
26 , 29 and
28 - 29 and
29 and 33 mortality
29 and 45 remains
30 long 31 -
30 long 33 mortality
32 term 33 mortality
33 mortality 34 in
33 mortality 40 suffering
33 mortality 44 conditions
33 mortality 45 remains
34 in 39 patients
35 very 36 old
36 old 39 patients
37 acutely 38 ill
38 ill 39 patients
40 suffering 41 from
40 suffering 44 conditions
41 from 43 comorbid
42 multiple 43 comorbid
45 remains 46 unclear

we investigated [intra] - hospital , 1 - and 5 - year mortality risk associated with dementia and its various etiologies in a very old population after discharge from acute care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 investigated
4 - 5 hospital
4 - 6 ,
6 , 7 1
6 , 8 -
7 1 8 -
8 - 9 and
9 and 10 5
9 and 11 -
10 5 11 -
11 - 14 risk
12 year 14 risk
13 mortality 14 risk
14 risk 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 27 after
16 with 18 and
17 dementia 18 and
18 and 21 etiologies
18 and 22 in
19 its 21 etiologies
20 various 21 etiologies
22 in 26 population
23 a 24 very
23 a 26 population
24 very 25 old
25 old 26 population
27 after 28 discharge
28 discharge 29 from
29 from 31 care
30 acute 31 care

methods : prospective cohort study of 444 patients ( mean age 85 years ; 74 % [female] [ )(discharged from the acute geriatric unit of geneva university hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 study
2 : 14 ;
3 prospective 5 study
4 cohort 5 study
5 study 6 of
5 study 13 years
6 of 8 patients
7 444 8 patients
9 ( 13 years
10 mean 11 age
11 age 13 years
12 85 13 years
13 years 14 ;
14 ; 16 %
14 ; 19 )(discharged
15 74 16 %
16 % 19 )(discharged
19 )(discharged 20 from
20 from 24 unit
21 the 24 unit
22 acute 24 unit
23 geriatric 24 unit
24 unit 25 of
25 of 28 hospital
26 geneva 27 university
27 university 28 hospital

on admission , each subject underwent standardized evaluation [of] cognitive and comorbid conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subject
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 on 2 admission
1 on 3 ,
1 on 5 subject
4 each 5 subject
5 subject 6 underwent
6 underwent 13 conditions
7 standardized 8 evaluation
8 evaluation 13 conditions
10 cognitive 11 and
11 and 12 comorbid
11 and 13 conditions

patients were followed yearly by the same team . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 followed
3 followed 4 yearly
3 followed 5 by
5 by 8 team
6 the 7 same
7 same 8 team

predictive variables were age , sex , cognitive diagnosis , dementia etiology and severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variables
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 predictive 2 variables
2 variables 3 were
3 were 13 and
4 age 5 ,
5 , 6 sex
5 , 7 ,
7 , 9 diagnosis
7 , 10 ,
8 cognitive 9 diagnosis
10 , 12 etiology
10 , 13 and
11 dementia 12 etiology
13 and 14 severity

survival during hospitalization , at 1 [-] and 5 [-] year follow - ups [was] the outcome of interest evaluated with cox proportional hazard models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 survival 2 during
1 survival 5 at
1 survival 14 ups
2 during 3 hospitalization
4 , 5 at
5 at 8 and
5 at 13 -
6 1 8 and
8 and 9 5
9 5 11 year
11 year 12 follow
14 ups 17 outcome
16 the 17 outcome
17 outcome 18 of
17 outcome 20 evaluated
18 of 19 interest
20 evaluated 21 with
21 with 25 models
22 cox 25 models
23 proportional 24 hazard
24 hazard 25 models

results : two hundred and six patients were cognitively normal , 48 had mci , and 190 had dementia : of these , there were 75 cases of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , 20 of vascular dementia ( vad ) , 82 of mixed dementia ( md ) and 13 [of] other types of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
2 : 7 patients
2 : 8 were
2 : 11 ,
2 : 20 :
3 two 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 six
6 six 7 patients
7 patients 8 were
8 were 9 cognitively
8 were 10 normal
11 , 12 48
11 , 13 had
11 , 16 and
12 48 13 had
13 had 14 mci
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 190
16 and 18 had
17 190 18 had
18 had 19 dementia
20 : 24 there
20 : 25 were
21 of 22 these
21 of 23 ,
21 of 24 there
24 there 25 were
25 were 51 and
26 75 27 cases
27 cases 28 of
27 cases 51 and
28 of 31 disease
29 alzheimer 30 's
30 's 31 disease
31 disease 33 ad
31 disease 36 20
31 disease 44 82
32 ( 33 ad
33 ad 34 )
35 , 36 20
36 20 37 of
36 20 43 ,
37 of 39 dementia
38 vascular 39 dementia
39 dementia 41 vad
40 ( 41 vad
41 vad 42 )
43 , 44 82
44 82 45 of
44 82 49 md
44 82 50 )
45 of 47 dementia
46 mixed 47 dementia
48 ( 49 md
49 md 50 )
51 and 55 types
51 and 56 of
52 13 54 other
54 other 55 types
56 of 57 dementia

the groups compared were statistically similar in age , sex , education level and comorbidity score . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 groups
2 groups 3 compared
2 groups 4 were
4 were 5 statistically
4 were 6 similar
6 similar 7 in
7 in 14 and
8 age 9 ,
9 , 10 sex
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 level
11 , 14 and
12 education 13 level
14 and 16 score
15 comorbidity 16 score

after 5 years [of] follow - up , 60 % of the patients had died . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 died
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 after 3 years
1 after 5 follow
1 after 8 ,
1 after 10 %
2 5 3 years
3 years 5 follow
5 follow 7 up
6 - 7 up
7 up 8 ,
9 60 10 %
10 % 11 of
10 % 14 had
11 of 13 patients
12 the 13 patients
14 had 15 died

regarding [intra] [-] hospital mortality , none of the predictive variables was associated with mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 regarding 5 mortality
1 regarding 6 ,
1 regarding 7 none
4 hospital 5 mortality
7 none 8 of
7 none 12 was
8 of 11 variables
9 the 11 variables
10 predictive 11 variables
12 was 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 15 mortality

[mci] [,] ad and md were not predictive of short - or long - term mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
3 ad 4 and
4 and 5 md
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 not
6 were 9 of
7 not 8 predictive
9 of 12 or
10 short 12 or
11 - 12 or
12 or 16 mortality
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 term
15 term 16 mortality

features significantly associated with reduced survival at 1 and 5 years were being older , male , and having vascular or severe dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 years
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 features 3 associated
2 significantly 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 at
4 with 6 survival
5 reduced 6 survival
7 at 9 and
8 1 9 and
9 and 10 5
10 5 11 years
11 years 12 were
12 were 13 being
13 being 23 dementia
14 older 15 ,
14 older 23 dementia
16 male 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 having
18 and 23 dementia
20 vascular 21 or
21 or 22 severe
21 or 23 dementia

when all the variables were added in the multiple model , the dementia effect completely disappeared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 disappeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 when 2 all
1 when 6 added
1 when 11 ,
1 when 14 effect
2 all 3 the
2 all 4 variables
2 all 5 were
3 the 4 variables
5 were 6 added
6 added 7 in
7 in 10 model
8 the 10 model
9 multiple 10 model
12 the 14 effect
13 dementia 14 effect
14 effect 16 disappeared
15 completely 16 disappeared

conclusions : dementia ( all etiologies ) is not predictive of mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 dementia
2 : 8 is
2 : 13 .
3 dementia 6 etiologies
3 dementia 8 is
4 ( 6 etiologies
5 all 6 etiologies
6 etiologies 7 )
8 is 9 not
8 is 11 of
9 not 10 predictive
11 of 12 mortality

the observed vad effect is probably linked to cardiovascular risk comorbidities : hypertension , stroke [and] hyperlipidemia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
1 the 4 effect
2 observed 4 effect
3 vad 4 effect
4 effect 5 is
5 is 7 linked
6 probably 7 linked
7 linked 8 to
8 to 11 comorbidities
9 cardiovascular 11 comorbidities
10 risk 11 comorbidities
12 : 13 hypertension
12 : 14 ,
12 : 18 .
14 , 15 stroke
15 stroke 17 hyperlipidemia

background and aims : a large body of research has demonstrated that , although specific memory activities can enhance the memory performance of healthy older adults , the extent of the increment is negatively associated with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 7 body
4 : 11 demonstrated
4 : 38 .
5 a 6 large
5 a 7 body
6 large 7 body
7 body 8 of
7 body 10 has
8 of 9 research
10 has 11 demonstrated
11 demonstrated 12 that
12 that 29 extent
12 that 35 associated
13 , 14 although
14 although 17 activities
14 although 19 enhance
14 although 27 ,
14 although 29 extent
15 specific 16 memory
16 memory 17 activities
17 activities 18 can
18 can 19 enhance
19 enhance 22 performance
20 the 22 performance
21 memory 22 performance
22 performance 23 of
23 of 26 adults
24 healthy 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
28 the 29 extent
29 extent 30 of
29 extent 33 is
30 of 32 increment
31 the 32 increment
33 is 34 negatively
33 is 35 associated
35 associated 36 with
36 with 37 age

conversely , few studies have examined the case of healthy elderly people not living alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 4 studies
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 examined
6 examined 8 case
7 the 8 case
8 case 9 of
9 of 12 people
10 healthy 12 people
11 elderly 12 people
12 people 13 not
13 not 14 living
14 living 15 alone

this study has two mains goals : to understand whether older adults with limited autonomy can benefit from activities devoted to increasing their episodic memory performance , and to test the efficacy of a memory training program based on autobiographical memories , in terms of transfer and maintenance effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 has
3 has 6 goals
4 two 6 goals
5 mains 6 goals
7 : 8 to
7 : 9 understand
8 to 9 understand
9 understand 10 whether
10 whether 12 adults
10 whether 28 and
11 older 12 adults
12 adults 13 with
12 adults 16 can
13 with 15 autonomy
14 limited 15 autonomy
16 can 28 and
17 benefit 18 from
17 benefit 21 to
17 benefit 28 and
18 from 19 activities
19 activities 20 devoted
21 to 22 increasing
22 increasing 26 performance
23 their 26 performance
24 episodic 25 memory
25 memory 26 performance
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 to
28 and 30 test
29 to 30 test
30 test 32 efficacy
30 test 39 on
30 test 43 in
31 the 32 efficacy
32 efficacy 33 of
32 efficacy 38 based
33 of 37 program
34 a 35 memory
34 a 37 program
35 memory 36 training
36 training 37 program
39 on 41 memories
40 autobiographical 41 memories
42 , 43 in
43 in 47 and
43 in 50 .
44 terms 45 of
44 terms 47 and
45 of 46 transfer
47 and 49 effect
48 maintenance 49 effect

we postulated that being able to rely on stable autobiographical memories ( intrinsically associated with emotions ) would be a valuable memory aid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 postulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 postulated
2 postulated 3 that
3 that 4 being
3 that 19 be
4 being 5 able
4 being 18 would
5 able 6 to
5 able 7 rely
6 to 7 rely
7 rely 8 on
7 rely 14 associated
8 on 11 memories
9 stable 11 memories
10 autobiographical 11 memories
12 ( 14 associated
13 intrinsically 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 17 )
15 with 16 emotions
18 would 19 be
19 be 23 aid
20 a 21 valuable
20 a 23 aid
21 valuable 22 memory
22 memory 23 aid

methods : memory training was given to healthy older adults ( aged 75 - 85 ) living in a retirement home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 memory
3 memory 4 training
3 memory 6 given
3 memory 17 living
4 training 5 was
5 was 6 given
6 given 7 to
6 given 12 aged
7 to 10 adults
8 healthy 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 ( 12 aged
12 aged 14 -
12 aged 16 )
13 75 14 -
14 - 15 85
17 living 18 in
18 in 21 home
19 a 21 home
20 retirement 21 home

results : both groups improved their performance from pre - to post - test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 groups
2 : 5 improved
2 : 13 -
3 both 4 groups
4 groups 5 improved
5 improved 7 performance
6 their 7 performance
7 performance 8 from
8 from 9 pre
9 pre 11 to
10 - 11 to
11 to 12 post
11 to 13 -
13 - 14 test
13 - 15 .

however , the experimental group reported a greater feeling of well - being after the training , and maintained the training gains relating to episodic performance after three months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 group
3 the 5 group
4 experimental 5 group
5 group 18 and
6 reported 9 feeling
6 reported 18 and
7 a 9 feeling
8 greater 9 feeling
9 feeling 10 of
9 feeling 13 being
10 of 11 well
12 - 13 being
13 being 14 after
13 being 17 ,
14 after 16 training
15 the 16 training
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 maintained
19 maintained 22 gains
19 maintained 24 to
19 maintained 27 after
20 the 22 gains
21 training 22 gains
22 gains 23 relating
24 to 26 performance
25 episodic 26 performance
27 after 29 months
28 three 29 months

conclusions : our findings suggest that specific memory activities are beneficial to elderly people living in a retirement home context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 21 .
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 9 activities
6 that 10 are
7 specific 8 memory
8 memory 9 activities
9 activities 10 are
10 are 11 beneficial
11 beneficial 12 to
11 beneficial 16 in
12 to 14 people
13 elderly 14 people
14 people 15 living
16 in 20 context
17 a 18 retirement
17 a 20 context
18 retirement 20 context
19 home 20 context

in addition , training based on reactivation of autobiographical memories is shown to produce a long - lasting effect on memory performance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 training
4 training 5 based
4 training 11 is
5 based 6 on
6 on 7 reactivation
7 reactivation 8 of
8 of 10 memories
9 autobiographical 10 memories
11 is 12 shown
12 shown 13 to
12 shown 20 on
13 to 14 produce
14 produce 19 effect
15 a 16 long
15 a 19 effect
16 long 17 -
16 long 19 effect
18 lasting 19 effect
20 on 22 performance
21 memory 22 performance

background and aims : the effectiveness of community [-] based fall assessment programs in older people is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 6 effectiveness
4 : 17 is
5 the 6 effectiveness
6 effectiveness 7 of
6 effectiveness 14 in
6 effectiveness 17 is
7 of 13 programs
8 community 10 based
10 based 13 programs
11 fall 13 programs
12 assessment 13 programs
14 in 16 people
15 older 16 people
17 is 18 unclear

in this study , we examined the effectiveness of community [-] based fall assessment compared with hospital [-] based assessment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 examined
6 examined 8 effectiveness
6 examined 16 with
7 the 8 effectiveness
8 effectiveness 9 of
9 of 14 assessment
10 community 12 based
12 based 14 assessment
13 fall 14 assessment
14 assessment 15 compared
16 with 20 assessment
17 hospital 19 based
19 based 20 assessment

methods : [a] randomized [un] - blind study was conducted in 369 older adults aged 65 years and over at high risk of falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 randomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 randomized
6 - 8 study
6 - 10 conducted
7 blind 8 study
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 conducted
10 conducted 18 and
11 in 17 years
11 in 18 and
12 369 17 years
13 older 14 adults
14 adults 15 aged
15 aged 17 years
16 65 17 years
18 and 19 over
19 over 20 at
20 at 22 risk
21 high 22 risk
22 risk 23 of
23 of 24 falling

participants were drawn from a larger cohort of community [-] dwelling older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 drawn
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 drawn
3 drawn 4 from
4 from 7 cohort
5 a 7 cohort
6 larger 7 cohort
7 cohort 8 of
8 of 13 people
9 community 11 dwelling
11 dwelling 13 people
12 older 13 people

eligible participants were identified by means of a simple [five] - item screening tool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 eligible 2 participants
2 participants 3 were
3 were 4 identified
4 identified 5 by
5 by 6 means
6 means 7 of
7 of 14 tool
8 a 9 simple
8 a 14 tool
9 simple 11 -
9 simple 12 item
12 item 14 tool
13 screening 14 tool

a randomly chosen subset population of people at high risk of falling was then randomized into two arms , community - [based] and hospital - based fall assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 randomized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 a 2 randomly
1 a 5 population
2 randomly 3 chosen
4 subset 5 population
5 population 6 of
5 population 8 at
5 population 11 of
5 population 13 was
6 of 7 people
8 at 10 risk
9 high 10 risk
11 of 12 falling
13 was 15 randomized
14 then 15 randomized
15 randomized 16 into
16 into 23 and
17 two 18 arms
18 arms 19 ,
19 , 20 community
19 , 23 and
21 - 23 and
23 and 24 hospital
25 - 28 assessments
25 - 29 .
26 based 28 assessments
27 fall 28 assessments

the total number of [falls] in both groups was recorded by following up subjects ' diaries and telephone interviews at 3 , 6 and 12 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recorded
1 the 3 number
2 total 3 number
3 number 4 of
3 number 9 was
4 of 6 in
6 in 8 groups
7 both 8 groups
9 was 10 recorded
10 recorded 11 by
10 recorded 20 at
11 by 12 following
12 following 13 up
13 up 17 and
14 subjects 15 '
15 ' 16 diaries
16 diaries 17 and
17 and 19 interviews
18 telephone 19 interviews
20 at 21 3
21 3 26 months
22 , 26 months
23 6 24 and
24 and 25 12
24 and 26 months
26 months 27 .

incidence rate ratios ( irr ) for the rate of [falls] at 12 months [between] [community] - and hospital - based assessments were analysed as primary [outcome] , by intention - to [-] treat analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 incidence 2 rate
2 rate 3 ratios
3 ratios 5 irr
4 ( 5 irr
5 irr 6 )
5 irr 7 for
5 irr 18 and
7 for 9 rate
8 the 9 rate
9 rate 10 of
10 of 12 at
12 at 14 months
13 12 14 months
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 hospital
18 and 20 -
18 and 21 based
18 and 22 assessments
18 and 23 were
18 and 24 analysed
18 and 26 primary
22 assessments 23 were
25 as 26 primary
26 primary 29 by
26 primary 32 to
28 , 29 by
29 by 30 intention
29 by 31 -
32 to 34 treat
34 treat 35 analysis

results : a total of 349 participants completed the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 total
2 : 8 completed
2 : 11 .
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 8 completed
5 of 7 participants
6 349 7 participants
8 completed 10 study
9 the 10 study

attendance to community [-] based assessment was significantly higher compared with hospital [-] based assessment in this older population ( p=0.012 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 attendance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 attendance 2 to
1 attendance 7 was
2 to 6 assessment
3 community 5 based
5 based 6 assessment
7 was 9 higher
7 was 10 compared
8 significantly 9 higher
10 compared 11 with
10 compared 16 in
11 with 15 assessment
12 hospital 14 based
14 based 15 assessment
16 in 19 population
17 this 19 population
18 older 19 population
19 population 21 p=0.012
20 ( 21 p=0.012
21 p=0.012 22 )

there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in total number of [falls] at the 12 month [follow] - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
1 there 2 were
2 were 6 differences
3 no 6 differences
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 differences
6 differences 7 between
6 differences 14 of
7 between 9 two
8 the 9 two
9 two 10 groups
9 two 13 number
10 groups 13 number
11 in 12 total
12 total 13 number
14 of 16 at
16 at 19 month
17 the 19 month
18 12 19 month
21 - 22 up
21 - 23 .

according to negative binomial regression , the adjusted irr of [falls] in the community based arm was not significantly different from the hospital - based one ( irr 0.95 [;] 95 % ci 0.58 - 1.45 , p=0.83 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 according 2 to
2 to 4 binomial
2 to 5 regression
3 negative 4 binomial
5 regression 20 different
5 regression 25 based
6 , 20 different
7 the 9 irr
8 adjusted 9 irr
9 irr 10 of
9 irr 17 was
10 of 12 in
12 in 16 arm
13 the 16 arm
14 community 15 based
15 based 16 arm
17 was 18 not
18 not 19 significantly
19 significantly 20 different
20 different 21 from
20 different 24 -
21 from 23 hospital
22 the 23 hospital
25 based 26 one
26 one 33 ci
26 one 38 p=0.83
27 ( 33 ci
28 irr 29 0.95
28 irr 33 ci
31 95 33 ci
32 % 33 ci
33 ci 35 -
33 ci 37 ,
34 0.58 35 -
35 - 36 1.45
37 , 38 p=0.83
38 p=0.83 39 )

conclusion : this study showed the increased risk of falling according to community [-] based fall assessment program [with] respect to a traditional hospital - based one in community - dwelling older adults at high risk of falling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 showed
2 : 25 -
2 : 39 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 showed
5 showed 8 risk
6 the 8 risk
7 increased 8 risk
8 risk 9 of
8 risk 12 to
9 of 11 according
10 falling 11 according
12 to 20 respect
13 community 16 fall
15 based 16 fall
16 fall 20 respect
17 assessment 20 respect
18 program 20 respect
20 respect 21 to
21 to 24 hospital
22 a 23 traditional
22 a 24 hospital
23 traditional 24 hospital
25 - 29 community
25 - 30 -
26 based 29 community
27 one 28 in
28 in 29 community
30 - 33 adults
31 dwelling 33 adults
32 older 33 adults
33 adults 34 at
33 adults 37 of
34 at 36 risk
35 high 36 risk
37 of 38 falling

background and aims : metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis are recognized as major public health problems in many countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 6 syndrome
4 : 7 and
4 : 19 .
5 metabolic 6 syndrome
7 and 8 osteoporosis
7 and 10 recognized
8 osteoporosis 9 are
9 are 10 recognized
10 recognized 11 as
11 as 15 problems
12 major 13 public
13 public 15 problems
14 health 15 problems
15 problems 16 in
16 in 18 countries
17 many 18 countries

this study investigated the association between bone quality and components [of] metabolic syndrome in an elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 association
3 investigated 6 between
3 investigated 14 in
4 the 5 association
6 between 9 and
7 bone 8 quality
8 quality 9 and
9 and 13 syndrome
10 components 13 syndrome
12 metabolic 13 syndrome
14 in 17 population
15 an 16 elderly
15 an 17 population
16 elderly 17 population

methods : the study included a population sample of 211 men and women , of mean age 77.9 ± 4.5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 14 ,
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 8 sample
6 a 7 population
6 a 8 sample
7 population 8 sample
8 sample 9 of
9 of 12 and
10 211 11 men
11 men 12 and
12 and 13 women
14 , 18 77.9
14 , 19 ±
15 of 17 age
15 of 18 77.9
16 mean 17 age
18 77.9 19 ±
19 ± 21 years
20 4.5 21 years

anthropometry , blood pressure , serum levels of lipoproteins ( hdl and ldl ) , triglycerides and glucose were measured , and ultrasound bone densitometry was performed in all subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 anthropometry 4 pressure
1 anthropometry 15 ,
2 , 4 pressure
3 blood 4 pressure
4 pressure 7 levels
4 pressure 14 )
5 , 7 levels
6 serum 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
7 levels 14 )
8 of 9 lipoproteins
9 lipoproteins 13 ldl
10 ( 13 ldl
11 hdl 12 and
12 and 13 ldl
13 ldl 14 )
15 , 16 triglycerides
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 glucose
17 and 19 were
19 were 20 measured
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 densitometry
22 and 27 performed
23 ultrasound 25 densitometry
24 bone 25 densitometry
25 densitometry 26 was
26 was 27 performed
27 performed 28 in
28 in 30 subjects
29 all 30 subjects

information on lifestyle habits , including physical activity , smoking and alcohol consumption , were obtained by a questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 information
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 information 2 on
1 information 11 and
1 information 15 were
2 on 4 habits
3 lifestyle 4 habits
4 habits 6 including
5 , 6 including
6 including 8 activity
6 including 9 ,
7 physical 8 activity
9 , 11 and
10 smoking 11 and
11 and 13 consumption
11 and 14 ,
12 alcohol 13 consumption
15 were 16 obtained
16 obtained 17 by
17 by 19 questionnaire
18 a 19 questionnaire

results : metabolic syndrome , defined by the criteria of the international diabetes federation , was determined in 59 % of men and 65 % [of] women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 4 syndrome
2 : 5 ,
3 metabolic 4 syndrome
5 , 15 ,
6 defined 7 by
6 defined 14 federation
6 defined 15 ,
7 by 9 criteria
8 the 9 criteria
9 criteria 10 of
10 of 12 international
11 the 12 international
13 diabetes 14 federation
15 , 16 was
16 was 17 determined
17 determined 18 in
18 in 20 %
19 59 20 %
20 % 21 of
21 of 23 and
22 men 23 and
23 and 27 women
24 65 27 women
25 % 27 women

the quantitative ultrasound index ( qui ) was significantly correlated with serum glucose in men ( r= - 0.31 [;] p=0.005 ) and [with] body mass index ( bmi ) in women ( r=0.39 [;] p<0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 index
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 4 index
2 quantitative 4 index
3 ultrasound 4 index
4 index 6 qui
4 index 8 was
5 ( 6 qui
6 qui 7 )
8 was 10 correlated
9 significantly 10 correlated
10 correlated 11 with
10 correlated 31 in
11 with 23 and
12 serum 13 glucose
13 glucose 14 in
13 glucose 23 and
14 in 15 men
15 men 17 r=
15 men 21 p=0.005
16 ( 17 r=
17 r= 18 -
18 - 21 p=0.005
19 0.31 21 p=0.005
21 p=0.005 22 )
23 and 27 index
23 and 29 bmi
25 body 27 index
26 mass 27 index
28 ( 29 bmi
29 bmi 30 )
31 in 32 women
32 women 36 p<0.0001
33 ( 36 p<0.0001
34 r=0.39 36 p<0.0001
36 p<0.0001 37 )

qui was significantly lower in men with metabolic syndrome [(] f=7.57 [;] p<0.007 [ )(and significantly higher in women with it ( f=6.47 ; p=0.012 [ )(compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 qui
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 qui 2 was
2 was 4 lower
3 significantly 4 lower
4 lower 5 in
4 lower 7 with
4 lower 15 )(and
5 in 6 men
7 with 11 f=7.57
8 metabolic 9 syndrome
9 syndrome 11 f=7.57
13 p<0.007 15 )(and
15 )(and 17 higher
16 significantly 17 higher
17 higher 18 in
18 in 19 women
19 women 20 with
19 women 23 f=6.47
20 with 21 it
22 ( 23 f=6.47
23 f=6.47 24 ;
24 ; 25 p=0.012
24 ; 27 )(compared
25 p=0.012 27 )(compared
27 )(compared 28 with
28 with 29 controls

when qui was adjusted for body mass index [in] women and for serum glucose in men , it was no longer significantly different from values for controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 when 2 qui
1 when 4 adjusted
1 when 17 ,
1 when 18 it
2 qui 3 was
3 was 4 adjusted
4 adjusted 11 and
4 adjusted 15 in
5 for 10 women
5 for 11 and
6 body 10 women
7 mass 10 women
8 index 10 women
11 and 12 for
12 for 14 glucose
13 serum 14 glucose
15 in 16 men
18 it 19 was
19 was 21 longer
19 was 23 different
20 no 21 longer
22 significantly 23 different
23 different 24 from
24 from 25 values
25 values 26 for
26 for 27 controls

other covariates such as cholesterol , blood pressure , smoking , alcohol , and physical activity did not change the difference in qui between patients with metabolic syndrome and controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 other 2 covariates
2 covariates 4 as
2 covariates 6 ,
3 such 4 as
4 as 5 cholesterol
6 , 8 pressure
6 , 9 ,
7 blood 8 pressure
9 , 28 syndrome
9 , 29 and
10 smoking 11 ,
11 , 12 alcohol
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 physical
14 and 16 activity
14 and 26 with
14 and 28 syndrome
16 activity 17 did
17 did 18 not
17 did 19 change
19 change 21 difference
19 change 22 in
19 change 24 between
19 change 26 with
20 the 21 difference
22 in 23 qui
24 between 25 patients
27 metabolic 28 syndrome
29 and 30 controls

diabetes in men ( p=0.005 ) and obesity and waist circumference in women ( p<0.05 ) were also significant predictors of qui in regression analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 diabetes 2 in
1 diabetes 7 and
2 in 3 men
3 men 5 p=0.005
4 ( 5 p=0.005
5 p=0.005 6 )
7 and 8 obesity
7 and 9 and
9 and 11 circumference
9 and 12 in
9 and 17 were
10 waist 11 circumference
12 in 13 women
13 women 15 p<0.05
14 ( 15 p<0.05
15 p<0.05 16 )
17 were 18 also
17 were 20 predictors
19 significant 20 predictors
20 predictors 21 of
21 of 22 qui
22 qui 23 in
23 in 25 analysis
24 regression 25 analysis

conclusions : the association [between] metabolic syndrome and bone stiffness in elderly people may be explained by increased bmi in women and high serum glucose in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 7 syndrome
3 the 7 syndrome
4 association 7 syndrome
6 metabolic 7 syndrome
8 and 10 stiffness
8 and 16 explained
9 bone 10 stiffness
10 stiffness 11 in
10 stiffness 14 may
11 in 13 people
12 elderly 13 people
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 explained
16 explained 17 by
16 explained 20 in
16 explained 26 in
17 by 19 bmi
18 increased 19 bmi
20 in 22 and
21 women 22 and
22 and 25 glucose
23 high 24 serum
24 serum 25 glucose
26 in 27 men

background and aims : the telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes has been reported to be inversely correlated with many kinds of pathophysiological conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 aims
4 : 7 length
4 : 14 reported
5 the 7 length
6 telomere 7 length
7 length 8 of
7 length 12 has
8 of 11 leukocytes
9 peripheral 10 blood
10 blood 11 leukocytes
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 reported
14 reported 15 to
14 reported 19 with
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 inversely
16 be 18 correlated
19 with 24 conditions
20 many 21 kinds
21 kinds 22 of
21 kinds 24 conditions
22 of 24 conditions
23 pathophysiological 24 conditions

however , correlations between telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and patients ' physical ability are not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 correlations
3 correlations 4 between
3 correlations 7 in
3 correlations 16 are
4 between 6 length
5 telomere 6 length
7 in 11 and
8 peripheral 9 blood
9 blood 10 leukocytes
10 leukocytes 11 and
11 and 15 ability
12 patients 13 '
13 ' 15 ability
14 physical 15 ability
16 are 17 not
16 are 18 known

methods : to address this problem , the physical ability of patients with cerebrovascular disease admitted to the chronic disease ward of kyushu university hospital was assessed with the barthel index ( bi ) and the telomere length of their peripheral blood leukocytes was determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 address
2 : 7 ,
2 : 35 and
3 to 4 address
4 address 6 problem
5 this 6 problem
7 , 10 ability
7 , 16 admitted
8 the 10 ability
9 physical 10 ability
10 ability 11 of
10 ability 13 with
10 ability 16 admitted
11 of 12 patients
13 with 15 disease
14 cerebrovascular 15 disease
16 admitted 17 to
16 admitted 25 hospital
16 admitted 27 assessed
17 to 21 ward
18 the 21 ward
19 chronic 20 disease
20 disease 21 ward
22 of 23 kyushu
22 of 25 hospital
24 university 25 hospital
25 hospital 26 was
26 was 27 assessed
27 assessed 28 with
28 with 31 index
29 the 31 index
30 barthel 31 index
31 index 33 bi
32 ( 33 bi
33 bi 34 )
35 and 38 length
35 and 44 was
36 the 38 length
37 telomere 38 length
38 length 39 of
38 length 44 was
39 of 43 leukocytes
40 their 43 leukocytes
41 peripheral 42 blood
42 blood 43 leukocytes
44 was 45 determined

results and conclusions : women exhibited a significant correlation between the barthel score and the expression of long telomeres ( >9.4 kb ) , in contrast with men who revealed no such correlation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 conclusions
4 : 5 women
4 : 6 exhibited
5 women 6 exhibited
6 exhibited 9 correlation
6 exhibited 10 between
7 a 8 significant
7 a 9 correlation
8 significant 9 correlation
10 between 14 and
11 the 13 score
12 barthel 13 score
13 score 14 and
14 and 16 expression
14 and 17 of
14 and 25 in
15 the 16 expression
17 of 19 telomeres
18 long 19 telomeres
19 telomeres 22 kb
20 ( 22 kb
21 >9.4 22 kb
22 kb 23 )
24 , 25 in
25 in 26 contrast
25 in 34 .
26 contrast 27 with
27 with 28 men
28 men 29 who
28 men 30 revealed
29 who 30 revealed
30 revealed 33 correlation
31 no 32 such
32 such 33 correlation

the physical ability of older women was positively correlated with the lengths of their somatic telomeres . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 ability
2 physical 3 ability
3 ability 4 of
3 ability 7 was
4 of 6 women
5 older 6 women
7 was 9 correlated
8 positively 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 12 lengths
11 the 12 lengths
12 lengths 13 of
13 of 16 telomeres
14 their 16 telomeres
15 somatic 16 telomeres

among the bi items , the scores of more difficult physical performances tended to correlate with the presence of terminal restriction fragments longer than 9.4 kb . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 performances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 among 4 items
1 among 5 ,
1 among 12 performances
2 the 4 items
3 bi 4 items
6 the 7 scores
7 scores 8 of
7 scores 12 performances
8 of 12 performances
9 more 10 difficult
10 difficult 12 performances
11 physical 12 performances
12 performances 13 tended
13 tended 14 to
13 tended 15 correlate
14 to 15 correlate
15 correlate 16 with
16 with 18 presence
17 the 18 presence
18 presence 19 of
19 of 22 fragments
20 terminal 22 fragments
21 restriction 22 fragments
22 fragments 23 longer
23 longer 24 than
24 than 26 kb
25 9.4 26 kb

background : jak2v617f mutation occurs in 90 % of polycythemia vera ( [pv] [ )(and in 50 % of essential thrombocythemia ( et ) patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 mutation
2 : 5 occurs
2 : 26 .
3 jak2v617f 4 mutation
4 mutation 5 occurs
5 occurs 15 )(and
6 in 8 %
6 in 15 )(and
7 90 8 %
8 % 9 of
9 of 11 vera
10 polycythemia 11 vera
12 ( 15 )(and
15 )(and 16 in
16 in 18 %
17 50 18 %
18 % 19 of
19 of 25 patients
20 essential 25 patients
21 thrombocythemia 23 et
21 thrombocythemia 25 patients
22 ( 23 et
23 et 24 )

materials and methods : 253 consecutive patients affected by myeloproliferative disorders ( mpd , 121 pv , 132 et ) were evaluated and stratified in 4 age groups : 18 - 39 , 40 - 59 , 60 - 75 and over 75 years ( >75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 7 patients
4 : 23 and
4 : 29 :
5 253 7 patients
6 consecutive 7 patients
7 patients 8 affected
7 patients 16 pv
7 patients 19 et
7 patients 23 and
8 affected 9 by
9 by 11 disorders
10 myeloproliferative 11 disorders
11 disorders 13 mpd
12 ( 13 mpd
13 mpd 14 ,
14 , 16 pv
15 121 16 pv
16 pv 17 ,
17 , 19 et
18 132 19 et
19 et 20 )
21 were 22 evaluated
21 were 23 and
23 and 24 stratified
23 and 25 in
23 and 28 groups
25 in 26 4
27 age 28 groups
29 : 30 18
29 : 31 -
29 : 33 ,
30 18 31 -
31 - 32 39
33 , 34 40
33 , 35 -
35 - 36 59
35 - 37 ,
35 - 39 -
37 , 38 60
39 - 44 years
40 75 41 and
41 and 43 75
41 and 44 years
42 over 43 75
44 years 46 >75
45 ( 46 >75
46 >75 47 )

the jak2v617f mutation was searched and its allele burden was evaluated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mutation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 searched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 mutation
2 jak2v617f 3 mutation
3 mutation 4 was
4 was 5 searched
6 and 9 burden
6 and 11 evaluated
7 its 9 burden
8 allele 9 burden
9 burden 10 was
10 was 11 evaluated

results : the percentage of mutated patients increased progressively with age mainly in patients >75 ( p=0.0015 vs 18 - 39 , p=0.0021 vs 40 - 59 and p=0.012 vs 60 - 75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 percentage
3 the 4 percentage
4 percentage 5 of
5 of 7 patients
6 mutated 7 patients
7 patients 8 increased
7 patients 17 p=0.0015
8 increased 9 progressively
8 increased 10 with
8 increased 12 mainly
8 increased 15 >75
10 with 11 age
12 mainly 13 in
13 in 14 patients
16 ( 17 p=0.0015
17 p=0.0015 18 vs
17 p=0.0015 34 )
18 vs 20 -
19 18 20 -
20 - 21 39
20 - 28 and
22 , 28 and
23 p=0.0021 24 vs
23 p=0.0021 28 and
24 vs 26 -
25 40 26 -
26 - 27 59
28 and 29 p=0.012
28 and 30 vs
28 and 33 75
28 and 34 )
30 vs 31 60
32 - 33 75
33 75 34 )

we also found a progressive increase in allele burden with age ( r2=0.042 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 6 increase
3 found 7 in
3 found 10 with
4 a 5 progressive
4 a 6 increase
5 progressive 6 increase
7 in 9 burden
8 allele 9 burden
10 with 11 age
11 age 13 r2=0.042
12 ( 13 r2=0.042
13 r2=0.042 14 )

thrombotic events were more common in patients carrying the mutation in comparison with wild [type] ( wt ) [(] p=0.006 , coefficient risk [1.94] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thrombotic 2 events
2 events 3 were
3 were 5 common
4 more 5 common
5 common 6 in
5 common 11 in
5 common 13 with
6 in 7 patients
7 patients 8 carrying
8 carrying 10 mutation
9 the 10 mutation
11 in 12 comparison
13 with 20 p=0.006
14 wild 17 wt
14 wild 18 )
14 wild 20 p=0.006
16 ( 17 wt
17 wt 18 )
20 p=0.006 23 risk
21 , 23 risk
22 coefficient 23 risk
23 risk 25 )

no differences in the percentage of patients carrying the jak2v617f mutation were found , in spite of different [follow] - up durations ( < 5 yrs , 5 - 10 yrs , 10 - 15 yrs , >15 [yrs] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 no 2 differences
2 differences 3 in
2 differences 6 of
2 differences 12 were
3 in 5 percentage
4 the 5 percentage
6 of 7 patients
7 patients 8 carrying
8 carrying 11 mutation
9 the 11 mutation
10 jak2v617f 11 mutation
12 were 13 found
13 found 15 in
14 , 15 in
15 in 16 spite
15 in 40 )
16 spite 17 of
16 spite 29 -
17 of 22 durations
18 different 20 -
18 different 22 durations
21 up 22 durations
22 durations 26 yrs
23 ( 26 yrs
24 < 25 5
25 5 26 yrs
26 yrs 27 ,
27 , 29 -
28 5 29 -
29 - 38 >15
29 - 40 )
30 10 31 yrs
31 yrs 38 >15
32 , 34 -
33 10 34 -
34 - 36 yrs
34 - 37 ,
34 - 38 >15
35 15 36 yrs

the jak2v617f allele burden was similar in patients [with] ( 57 ± 31 [%] ) and without [(] 45 ± 26 % [ )(long - term hydroxyurea treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 4 burden
2 jak2v617f 4 burden
3 allele 4 burden
4 burden 5 was
5 was 6 similar
6 similar 16 and
7 in 8 patients
7 in 16 and
8 patients 12 ±
10 ( 12 ±
11 57 12 ±
12 ± 13 31
12 ± 15 )
16 and 17 without
17 without 28 treatment
19 45 20 ±
20 ± 28 treatment
21 26 22 %
22 % 28 treatment
24 )(long 25 -
24 )(long 26 term
26 term 28 treatment
27 hydroxyurea 28 treatment

conclusions : jak2v617f mutation is more common in old than in young patients with mpd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 jak2v617f
3 jak2v617f 4 mutation
3 jak2v617f 8 in
3 jak2v617f 9 old
4 mutation 5 is
5 is 7 common
6 more 7 common
7 common 8 in
9 old 10 than
9 old 11 in
9 old 14 with
11 in 13 patients
12 young 13 patients
14 with 15 mpd

older patients have an higher allele burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 older 2 patients
2 patients 3 have
3 have 7 burden
4 an 7 burden
5 higher 7 burden
6 allele 7 burden

age - related hearing impairment ( arhi ) , or presbycusis , is a complex disease with multifactorial etiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 age 5 impairment
1 age 10 or
2 - 5 impairment
3 related 4 hearing
4 hearing 5 impairment
5 impairment 7 arhi
5 impairment 8 )
6 ( 7 arhi
7 arhi 8 )
9 , 10 or
10 or 11 presbycusis
12 , 13 is
13 is 16 disease
13 is 17 with
14 a 15 complex
14 a 16 disease
15 complex 16 disease
17 with 19 etiology
18 multifactorial 19 etiology

it is the most prevalent sensory impairment in the elderly , and may have detrimental effects on their quality of life and psychological well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 it 12 and
2 is 7 impairment
2 is 12 and
3 the 4 most
4 most 7 impairment
5 prevalent 7 impairment
6 sensory 7 impairment
7 impairment 8 in
8 in 10 elderly
9 the 10 elderly
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 may
13 may 14 have
14 have 16 effects
14 have 17 on
15 detrimental 16 effects
17 on 19 quality
18 their 19 quality
19 quality 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 life 22 and
22 and 24 well
23 psychological 24 well
25 - 26 being
25 - 27 .

the aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current data on arhi , focusing mainly on environmental agents and genetic predisposition in animal models and in humans . 
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 paper
4 this 5 paper
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 give
7 to 8 give
8 give 10 overview
8 give 15 on
9 an 10 overview
10 overview 11 of
11 of 14 data
12 the 14 data
13 current 14 data
15 on 16 arhi
16 arhi 18 focusing
17 , 18 focusing
18 focusing 19 mainly
18 focusing 32 .
19 mainly 20 on
20 on 23 and
21 environmental 22 agents
22 agents 23 and
23 and 25 predisposition
23 and 29 and
24 genetic 25 predisposition
26 in 28 models
26 in 29 and
27 animal 28 models
29 and 30 in
30 in 31 humans

with improvement of our understanding of arhi , treatment [other] [than] with amplification will be hopefully possible in the long term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 with 2 improvement
1 with 8 ,
1 with 9 treatment
2 improvement 3 of
3 of 5 understanding
4 our 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 7 arhi
9 treatment 12 with
9 treatment 14 will
12 with 13 amplification
14 will 15 be
15 be 16 hopefully
15 be 17 possible
17 possible 18 in
18 in 21 term
19 the 21 term
20 long 21 term

none larger animal models , [such] as porcine , have been validated as appropriate models of the human disc with respect to biomechanics and biochemistry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 none 4 models
1 none 11 been
1 none 12 validated
2 larger 4 models
3 animal 4 models
4 models 8 porcine
4 models 10 have
5 , 8 porcine
7 as 8 porcine
8 porcine 9 ,
10 have 11 been
12 validated 15 models
12 validated 20 with
12 validated 22 to
13 as 14 appropriate
14 appropriate 15 models
15 models 16 of
16 of 19 disc
17 the 19 disc
18 human 19 disc
20 with 21 respect
22 to 24 and
23 biomechanics 24 and
24 and 25 biochemistry

they are advantageous for research as the models [are] relatively straightforward to prepare and easily obtainable for research to perform surgical techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 14 and
3 advantageous 4 for
3 advantageous 6 as
3 advantageous 14 and
4 for 5 research
6 as 8 models
7 the 8 models
8 models 11 straightforward
10 relatively 11 straightforward
11 straightforward 12 to
11 straightforward 13 prepare
12 to 13 prepare
14 and 16 obtainable
15 easily 16 obtainable
16 obtainable 17 for
16 obtainable 19 to
17 for 18 research
19 to 20 perform
20 perform 22 techniques
21 surgical 22 techniques

the intention of this study was to quantitatively analyze gene expression for collagen and proteoglycan components of the extracellular matrix and for collagenase ( mmp - 1 ) in porcine discs of varying ages ( newborn ; 2 - 3weeks , mature ; 6 - 9 month , older ; 2 - 3 years [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 )(
1 the 2 intention
2 intention 3 of
2 intention 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 9 analyze
7 to 9 analyze
8 quantitatively 9 analyze
9 analyze 11 expression
9 analyze 29 in
10 gene 11 expression
11 expression 21 and
12 for 14 and
12 for 21 and
13 collagen 14 and
14 and 16 components
14 and 17 of
15 proteoglycan 16 components
17 of 20 matrix
18 the 20 matrix
19 extracellular 20 matrix
21 and 22 for
22 for 23 collagenase
23 collagenase 26 -
24 ( 26 -
25 mmp 26 -
26 - 27 1
26 - 28 )
29 in 31 discs
30 porcine 31 discs
31 discs 32 of
32 of 33 varying
33 varying 34 ages
34 ages 36 newborn
35 ( 36 newborn
36 newborn 37 ;
37 ; 38 2
37 ; 39 -
39 - 40 3weeks
39 - 43 ;
40 3weeks 42 mature
41 , 42 mature
42 mature 43 ;
43 ; 44 6
43 ; 48 ,
44 6 47 month
45 - 46 9
46 9 47 month
48 , 49 older
48 , 50 ;
50 ; 51 2
51 2 54 years
52 - 53 3
53 3 54 years

in this study , we observed that the cell number and gag ( glycosaminoglycan ) formation dramatically decreased with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 observed
6 observed 7 that
7 that 11 and
7 that 18 decreased
8 the 10 number
9 cell 10 number
10 number 11 and
11 and 16 formation
11 and 18 decreased
12 gag 14 glycosaminoglycan
12 gag 16 formation
13 ( 14 glycosaminoglycan
14 glycosaminoglycan 15 )
17 dramatically 18 decreased
18 decreased 19 with
19 with 20 aging

also , gene expression in the annulus fibrosus ( af ) and nucleus pulposus ( np ) cells changed with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 changed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 18 cells
3 gene 18 cells
4 expression 5 in
4 expression 12 and
5 in 8 fibrosus
6 the 8 fibrosus
7 annulus 8 fibrosus
8 fibrosus 10 af
9 ( 10 af
10 af 11 )
12 and 14 pulposus
12 and 16 np
12 and 18 cells
13 nucleus 14 pulposus
15 ( 16 np
16 np 17 )
18 cells 19 changed
19 changed 20 with
20 with 21 aging

the level of mmp - 1 mrna increased with age and both type i , ii collagens decreased with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 16 ii
2 level 17 collagens
2 level 18 decreased
3 of 4 mmp
4 mmp 7 mrna
5 - 7 mrna
6 1 7 mrna
7 mrna 8 increased
7 mrna 15 ,
8 increased 9 with
9 with 11 and
9 with 13 type
10 age 11 and
11 and 12 both
13 type 14 i
16 ii 17 collagens
18 decreased 19 with
19 with 20 age

the level of aggrecan mrna was [highest] in the mature group and decreased significantly with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 12 and
3 of 5 mrna
4 aggrecan 5 mrna
6 was 8 in
6 was 12 and
8 in 11 group
9 the 11 group
10 mature 11 group
12 and 13 decreased
12 and 14 significantly
12 and 15 with
15 with 16 aging

in the mature group , mmp - 1 expression was minimal [compared] to the newborn group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 group
1 in 10 was
2 the 4 group
3 mature 4 group
4 group 6 mmp
5 , 6 mmp
6 mmp 7 -
8 1 9 expression
9 expression 10 was
10 was 11 minimal
11 minimal 13 to
13 to 16 group
14 the 16 group
15 newborn 16 group

in af cells , type ii collagen was expressed at a high level in the mature group with a higher level of aggrecan , when aged np showed a decrease in type ii collagen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 cells
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 type
2 af 3 cells
5 type 6 ii
5 type 7 collagen
5 type 8 was
5 type 9 expressed
7 collagen 8 was
9 expressed 10 at
9 expressed 18 with
10 at 13 level
11 a 13 level
12 high 13 level
13 level 14 in
14 in 17 group
15 the 17 group
16 mature 17 group
18 with 21 level
19 a 21 level
20 higher 21 level
21 level 22 of
22 of 23 aggrecan
24 , 27 np
24 , 28 showed
25 when 26 aged
25 when 27 np
27 np 28 showed
28 showed 30 decrease
28 showed 34 collagen
29 a 30 decrease
30 decrease 31 in
31 in 32 type
32 type 33 ii

the model of ivd degeneration in the porcine disc shows many changes in gene expression with age that have been previously documented for human and [may] serve as a model for studying changes in ivd metabolism with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 model
2 model 3 of
2 model 10 shows
3 of 5 degeneration
4 ivd 5 degeneration
5 degeneration 6 in
6 in 9 disc
7 the 9 disc
8 porcine 9 disc
10 shows 12 changes
10 shows 33 changes
11 many 12 changes
12 changes 13 in
12 changes 16 with
12 changes 18 that
12 changes 19 have
13 in 15 expression
14 gene 15 expression
16 with 17 age
18 that 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 22 documented
21 previously 22 documented
22 documented 23 for
22 documented 31 for
23 for 25 and
24 human 25 and
25 and 27 serve
25 and 28 as
28 as 30 model
29 a 30 model
31 for 32 studying
33 changes 34 in
33 changes 37 with
34 in 36 metabolism
35 ivd 36 metabolism
37 with 38 age

we concluded that the porcine model is excellent to test hypotheses related to disc degeneration while permitting time - course study in biologically active systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
1 we 2 concluded
2 concluded 3 that
3 that 6 model
3 that 12 related
4 the 6 model
5 porcine 6 model
6 model 7 is
7 is 8 excellent
8 excellent 9 to
8 excellent 10 test
9 to 10 test
11 hypotheses 12 related
12 related 13 to
12 related 16 while
12 related 19 -
13 to 15 degeneration
14 disc 15 degeneration
16 while 17 permitting
17 permitting 18 time
19 - 20 course
19 - 26 .
20 course 21 study
20 course 22 in
22 in 25 systems
23 biologically 24 active
24 active 25 systems

preclinical alzheimer 's disease [(] [pad] [ )(reflects neuropathological findings of ad in cognitively normal subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 )(reflects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 preclinical 2 alzheimer
2 alzheimer 3 's
3 's 4 disease
4 disease 8 )(reflects
8 )(reflects 10 findings
8 )(reflects 13 in
9 neuropathological 10 findings
10 findings 11 of
11 of 12 ad
13 in 16 subjects
14 cognitively 15 normal
15 normal 16 subjects

the present study represents an effort to determine if differences could be identified in the longitudinal patterns of cognitive performance in persons classified as [pad] compared to those who did not meet criteria for ad [at] [autopsy] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 represents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 represents
4 represents 6 effort
5 an 6 effort
6 effort 7 to
6 effort 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 if
8 determine 27 to
8 determine 38 .
9 if 10 differences
9 if 26 compared
10 differences 11 could
11 could 12 be
12 be 13 identified
13 identified 14 in
14 in 17 patterns
15 the 17 patterns
16 longitudinal 17 patterns
17 patterns 18 of
18 of 20 performance
19 cognitive 20 performance
20 performance 21 in
21 in 22 persons
22 persons 23 classified
23 classified 24 as
24 as 26 compared
27 to 28 those
28 those 29 who
28 those 30 did
29 who 30 did
30 did 31 not
30 did 32 meet
32 meet 33 criteria
33 criteria 34 for
34 for 35 ad

we included 121 subjects who were cognitively normal from baseline through their last assessment before death and who underwent [autopsy] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 included
2 included 4 subjects
2 included 11 through
2 included 15 before
3 121 4 subjects
4 subjects 5 who
4 subjects 6 were
5 who 6 were
6 were 7 cognitively
6 were 8 normal
8 normal 9 from
9 from 10 baseline
11 through 14 assessment
12 their 14 assessment
13 last 14 assessment
15 before 17 and
15 before 19 underwent
16 death 17 and
17 and 18 who
17 and 19 underwent

participants were classified into two groups : pathologically normal [(] pn ; nia - reagan low or no [-] likelihood of ad , n = 89 ) and preclinical ad ( [pad] [;] nia - reagan criteria of intermediate or high - likelihood of ad in the absence of clinical dementia symptoms , n = 32 ) followed for a mean 7.5 years prior to death [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 :
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 classified
3 classified 4 into
4 into 6 groups
5 two 6 groups
7 : 11 pn
7 : 12 ;
8 pathologically 9 normal
9 normal 11 pn
12 ; 13 nia
12 ; 14 -
14 - 17 or
15 reagan 16 low
16 low 17 or
17 or 20 likelihood
18 no 20 likelihood
20 likelihood 21 of
21 of 28 and
22 ad 25 =
22 ad 28 and
23 , 25 =
24 n 25 =
25 = 26 89
25 = 27 )
28 and 37 criteria
28 and 38 of
29 preclinical 37 criteria
30 ad 34 nia
31 ( 34 nia
34 nia 35 -
34 nia 37 criteria
36 reagan 37 criteria
38 of 43 likelihood
39 intermediate 40 or
40 or 41 high
40 or 42 -
40 or 43 likelihood
43 likelihood 44 of
43 likelihood 49 of
44 of 45 ad
45 ad 46 in
46 in 48 absence
47 the 48 absence
49 of 51 dementia
50 clinical 51 dementia
51 dementia 52 symptoms
51 dementia 58 followed
52 symptoms 55 =
52 symptoms 58 followed
53 , 55 =
54 n 55 =
55 = 56 32
55 = 57 )
58 followed 59 for
59 for 64 prior
60 a 64 prior
61 mean 64 prior
62 7.5 63 years
63 years 64 prior
64 prior 65 to
65 to 66 death

longitudinal rates and patterns of change in scores on a standard cognitive battery were compared between these two groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 longitudinal 2 rates
3 and 4 patterns
3 and 15 compared
4 patterns 5 of
4 patterns 14 were
5 of 6 change
6 change 7 in
6 change 9 on
7 in 8 scores
9 on 13 battery
10 a 11 standard
10 a 13 battery
11 standard 13 battery
12 cognitive 13 battery
14 were 15 compared
15 compared 16 between
16 between 19 groups
17 these 18 two
18 two 19 groups

while cognitive results at baseline and last evaluations revealed no clear cross sectional group differences after adjustment for age , apoe status , education , and gender [,] statistically significant differences between the [pad] [and] pn groups in slope of decline were seen on a composite score of cognitive function [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 revealed
1 while 2 cognitive
1 while 3 results
3 results 4 at
3 results 9 revealed
4 at 6 and
5 baseline 6 and
6 and 8 evaluations
7 last 8 evaluations
9 revealed 15 differences
9 revealed 16 after
9 revealed 18 for
10 no 15 differences
11 clear 15 differences
12 cross 15 differences
13 sectional 14 group
14 group 15 differences
16 after 17 adjustment
18 for 26 and
19 age 20 ,
20 , 22 status
20 , 23 ,
21 apoe 22 status
23 , 24 education
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 31 differences
27 gender 31 differences
29 statistically 30 significant
30 significant 31 differences
31 differences 32 between
32 between 36 pn
33 the 36 pn
36 pn 37 groups
36 pn 42 were
36 pn 43 seen
37 groups 38 in
37 groups 40 of
37 groups 42 were
38 in 39 slope
40 of 41 decline
43 seen 44 on
44 on 47 score
45 a 47 score
46 composite 47 score
47 score 48 of
48 of 50 function
49 cognitive 50 function

further analyses showed three components of this score reached significance : constructional praxis , delayed recall of a word list , and category verbal fluency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 further 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 showed
3 showed 5 components
4 three 5 components
5 components 6 of
6 of 10 significance
7 this 10 significance
8 score 9 reached
9 reached 10 significance
11 : 13 praxis
11 : 14 ,
12 constructional 13 praxis
14 , 22 and
15 delayed 16 recall
16 recall 17 of
16 recall 22 and
17 of 20 list
18 a 20 list
19 word 20 list
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 fluency
23 category 25 fluency
24 verbal 25 fluency

[despite] being clinically viewed as normal [at] enrollment and at the final exam , there are significant differences in rates of cognitive decline [in] participants classified as [pad] compared to those without this pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 enrollment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 being 8 enrollment
3 clinically 4 viewed
4 viewed 8 enrollment
5 as 6 normal
6 normal 8 enrollment
9 and 15 there
9 and 16 are
10 at 13 exam
10 at 14 ,
10 at 15 there
11 the 13 exam
12 final 13 exam
15 there 16 are
16 are 18 differences
17 significant 18 differences
18 differences 19 in
18 differences 21 of
18 differences 30 to
19 in 20 rates
21 of 25 participants
22 cognitive 23 decline
23 decline 25 participants
25 participants 26 classified
26 classified 29 compared
27 as 29 compared
30 to 31 those
31 those 32 without
32 without 34 pathology
33 this 34 pathology

longitudinal changes in slope of [decline] in specific cognitive test measures can serve as [non] [-] invasive methods for the detection [of] [pad] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 longitudinal 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 5 of
2 changes 12 can
3 in 4 slope
5 of 7 in
7 in 11 measures
8 specific 10 test
9 cognitive 10 test
10 test 11 measures
12 can 13 serve
13 serve 14 as
13 serve 19 for
14 as 18 methods
17 invasive 18 methods
19 for 21 detection
20 the 21 detection

objectives : the sources of age differences in short - term memory for spatial locations were explored in 2 experiments that examined factors related to input , to maintenance , and to output . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 sources
2 : 22 examined
2 : 24 related
3 the 4 sources
4 sources 5 of
4 sources 8 in
4 sources 13 for
4 sources 16 were
5 of 7 differences
6 age 7 differences
8 in 12 memory
9 short 10 -
9 short 11 term
11 term 12 memory
13 for 15 locations
14 spatial 15 locations
16 were 17 explored
17 explored 18 in
18 in 20 experiments
19 2 20 experiments
21 that 22 examined
22 examined 23 factors
22 examined 24 related
23 factors 24 related
24 related 31 and
25 to 26 input
25 to 31 and
26 input 28 to
27 , 28 to
28 to 29 maintenance
28 to 30 ,
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 to
32 to 33 output

method : in each experiment , 4 dots were presented briefly , followed after a retention interval by a probe dot , which was judged to either match or [not] match one of the 4 memory - set dots . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 8 dots
2 : 12 ,
3 in 5 experiment
3 in 6 ,
3 in 8 dots
4 each 5 experiment
7 4 8 dots
8 dots 12 ,
9 were 10 presented
9 were 12 ,
10 presented 11 briefly
12 , 13 followed
12 , 14 after
12 , 39 dots
14 after 17 interval
14 after 38 set
15 a 16 retention
15 a 17 interval
16 retention 17 interval
17 interval 18 by
17 interval 38 set
18 by 21 dot
19 a 21 dot
20 probe 21 dot
21 dot 23 which
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 was
23 which 37 -
24 was 29 or
25 judged 26 to
25 judged 29 or
26 to 28 match
27 either 28 match
29 or 31 match
31 match 32 one
32 one 33 of
33 of 36 memory
34 the 36 memory
35 4 36 memory

results and discussion : results showed that poorer performance by older adults could be attributed independently to reduced visual acuity , to less effective use of rehearsal strategies , and to differences in response biases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 discussion
4 : 5 results
4 : 6 showed
5 results 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
7 that 9 performance
7 that 15 attributed
8 poorer 9 performance
9 performance 10 by
9 performance 13 could
10 by 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 could 14 be
14 be 15 attributed
15 attributed 16 independently
15 attributed 30 and
15 attributed 33 in
17 to 20 acuity
17 to 30 and
18 reduced 20 acuity
19 visual 20 acuity
20 acuity 22 to
21 , 22 to
22 to 25 use
22 to 29 ,
23 less 25 use
24 effective 25 use
25 use 26 of
26 of 28 strategies
27 rehearsal 28 strategies
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 to
31 to 32 differences
33 in 35 biases
34 response 35 biases

objectives : this study investigated predictors of discrepancies in reports of 5 types of support that aging parents and their middle - aged children exchanged with one another . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 investigated
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 investigated
5 investigated 6 predictors
5 investigated 9 in
6 predictors 7 of
7 of 8 discrepancies
9 in 19 and
10 reports 11 of
10 reports 19 and
11 of 13 types
12 5 13 types
13 types 14 of
14 of 18 parents
15 support 18 parents
16 that 17 aging
17 aging 18 parents
19 and 21 middle
19 and 24 children
20 their 21 middle
22 - 24 children
23 aged 24 children
24 children 25 exchanged
24 children 29 .
25 exchanged 26 with
26 with 28 another
27 one 28 another

predictors included structural factors , including needs and resources and dyadic characteristics , and psychological factors , including family obligation and investment in the relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 predictors 2 included
2 included 14 and
3 structural 4 factors
4 factors 5 ,
5 , 7 needs
5 , 8 and
6 including 7 needs
8 and 9 resources
8 and 10 and
10 and 12 characteristics
10 and 14 and
11 dyadic 12 characteristics
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 factors
14 and 17 ,
14 and 18 including
15 psychological 16 factors
18 including 21 and
18 including 23 in
19 family 20 obligation
20 obligation 21 and
21 and 22 investment
23 in 25 relationship
24 the 25 relationship

methods : participants included 337 dyads of parents ( aged 59 - 96 years ) and their children ( aged 40 - 60 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 included
3 participants 4 included
4 included 16 and
5 337 16 and
6 dyads 7 of
6 dyads 16 and
7 of 8 parents
8 parents 14 years
9 ( 14 years
10 aged 14 years
11 59 12 -
12 - 13 96
12 - 14 years
14 years 15 )
16 and 18 children
16 and 20 aged
16 and 24 years
17 their 18 children
19 ( 20 aged
20 aged 21 40
20 aged 22 -
22 - 24 years
23 60 24 years
24 years 25 )

multilevel models assessed the level of discrepancies between dyadic members and examined predictors accounting for the discrepancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 multilevel 2 models
2 models 11 and
3 assessed 5 level
3 assessed 8 between
3 assessed 11 and
4 the 5 level
5 level 6 of
6 of 7 discrepancies
8 between 10 members
9 dyadic 10 members
11 and 12 examined
12 examined 13 predictors
13 predictors 14 accounting
14 accounting 15 for
15 for 17 discrepancies
16 the 17 discrepancies

we considered downward ( from parent [to] child ) [and] upward ( from child [to] [parent] ) directions in support exchanges . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 considered
2 considered 3 downward
2 considered 5 from
2 considered 11 upward
2 considered 13 from
2 considered 18 directions
2 considered 19 in
4 ( 5 from
5 from 8 child
5 from 9 )
6 parent 8 child
12 ( 13 from
13 from 14 child
13 from 17 )
19 in 21 exchanges
20 support 21 exchanges

results : for upward support from adult children to their parents , children reported that they gave more than their aging parents reported receiving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 for
2 : 9 to
3 for 5 support
4 upward 5 support
5 support 6 from
6 from 8 children
7 adult 8 children
9 to 11 parents
10 their 11 parents
11 parents 24 receiving
12 , 23 reported
13 children 14 reported
13 children 15 that
13 children 17 gave
13 children 23 reported
15 that 16 they
15 that 17 gave
16 they 17 gave
17 gave 18 more
17 gave 19 than
19 than 22 parents
20 their 22 parents
21 aging 22 parents
23 reported 24 receiving

for [downward] support from parents to children , the results differed depending on the type of support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 differed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 3 support
1 for 8 ,
1 for 10 results
3 support 4 from
4 from 5 parents
5 parents 6 to
6 to 7 children
9 the 10 results
10 results 11 differed
11 differed 12 depending
11 differed 13 on
13 on 17 support
14 the 15 type
15 type 16 of
15 type 17 support
16 of 17 support

discrepancies between parents ' and children 's reports were associated with parents ' feelings of obligation toward children and children 's ratings of the importance [of] parent - child relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 discrepancies 2 between
1 discrepancies 5 and
2 between 4 '
3 parents 4 '
5 and 8 reports
5 and 9 were
6 children 7 's
7 's 8 reports
9 were 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 17 toward
11 with 14 feelings
12 parents 13 '
13 ' 14 feelings
14 feelings 15 of
15 of 16 obligation
17 toward 19 and
18 children 19 and
19 and 22 ratings
19 and 23 of
20 children 21 's
21 's 22 ratings
23 of 27 parent
24 the 27 parent
25 importance 27 parent
28 - 30 relationship
28 - 31 .
29 child 30 relationship

discussion : these results suggest the importance of considering multiple perspectives and the direction of exchanges between generations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 suggest
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 suggest
5 suggest 7 importance
5 suggest 17 between
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
8 of 9 considering
9 considering 12 and
10 multiple 11 perspectives
11 perspectives 12 and
12 and 14 direction
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 direction
15 of 16 exchanges
17 between 18 generations

discrepancies in reports of support reflect both self [-] enhancement and family context and may be an important source of misunderstanding and conflict between generations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discrepancies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 discrepancies 2 in
1 discrepancies 4 of
1 discrepancies 14 and
2 in 3 reports
4 of 5 support
6 reflect 11 and
6 reflect 14 and
7 both 11 and
8 self 10 enhancement
10 enhancement 11 and
11 and 13 context
12 family 13 context
14 and 22 and
15 may 16 be
15 may 22 and
16 be 19 source
17 an 18 important
17 an 19 source
18 important 19 source
19 source 20 of
20 of 21 misunderstanding
22 and 23 conflict
23 conflict 24 between
24 between 25 generations

background : previous cross - sectional studies demonstrate positive associations of fat - free mass and negative associations [of] centrally distributed fat deposits with respiratory function [in] older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 cross
2 : 5 -
2 : 13 -
3 previous 4 cross
5 - 7 studies
5 - 8 demonstrate
6 sectional 7 studies
7 studies 8 demonstrate
8 demonstrate 10 associations
9 positive 10 associations
10 associations 11 of
11 of 12 fat
13 - 15 mass
13 - 16 and
13 - 30 .
14 free 15 mass
16 and 18 associations
16 and 21 distributed
17 negative 18 associations
18 associations 21 distributed
20 centrally 21 distributed
21 distributed 23 deposits
21 distributed 24 with
22 fat 23 deposits
24 with 29 adults
25 respiratory 26 function
26 function 29 adults
28 older 29 adults

few studies have evaluated whether greater losses of muscle and increases in fat are associated with more rapid decline in respiratory function [in] aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 few
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 few 2 studies
1 few 4 evaluated
1 few 19 decline
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 whether
5 whether 7 losses
5 whether 15 associated
6 greater 7 losses
7 losses 8 of
7 losses 14 are
8 of 10 and
9 muscle 10 and
10 and 11 increases
10 and 12 in
12 in 13 fat
14 are 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 18 rapid
16 with 17 more
19 decline 20 in
20 in 24 aging
21 respiratory 22 function
22 function 24 aging

methods : nine hundred and fifty - seven men and 1,024 women aged , respectively , 73.6 ± 2.8 years and 73.2 ± 2.8 years at baseline were followed for 5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 6 fifty
3 nine 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 and
5 and 6 fifty
7 - 10 and
7 - 13 aged
7 - 21 and
7 - 33 .
8 seven 9 men
9 men 10 and
10 and 12 women
10 and 13 aged
11 1,024 12 women
13 aged 15 respectively
13 aged 20 years
14 , 15 respectively
15 respectively 16 ,
17 73.6 20 years
18 ± 20 years
19 2.8 20 years
21 and 25 years
21 and 29 followed
22 73.2 23 ±
23 ± 25 years
24 2.8 25 years
25 years 26 at
25 years 28 were
26 at 27 baseline
28 were 29 followed
29 followed 30 for
30 for 32 years
31 5 32 years

body weight , waist circumference , bone mineral density , fat - free mass , fat mass and fat mass percentage as measured by dxa , abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue , thigh muscle area , thigh intermuscular fat by ct and forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( fev1 ) and forced vital capacity ( fvc ) were evaluated at baseline and after 5 - years follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 67 -
1 body 2 weight
2 weight 3 ,
3 , 5 circumference
3 , 6 ,
4 waist 5 circumference
6 , 9 density
6 , 10 ,
7 bone 8 mineral
8 mineral 9 density
10 , 14 mass
10 , 15 ,
11 fat 12 -
11 fat 14 mass
13 free 14 mass
15 , 17 mass
15 , 18 and
16 fat 17 mass
18 and 21 percentage
18 and 23 measured
18 and 32 tissue
18 and 60 were
19 fat 20 mass
20 mass 21 percentage
22 as 23 measured
23 measured 24 by
24 by 25 dxa
26 , 32 tissue
27 abdominal 32 tissue
28 subcutaneous 29 and
29 and 30 visceral
29 and 32 tissue
31 adipose 32 tissue
32 tissue 43 and
32 tissue 59 )
33 , 43 and
34 thigh 36 area
35 muscle 36 area
36 area 37 ,
37 , 40 fat
37 , 43 and
38 thigh 40 fat
39 intermuscular 40 fat
40 fat 41 by
41 by 42 ct
43 and 46 volume
43 and 47 in
43 and 58 fvc
43 and 59 )
44 forced 46 volume
45 expiratory 46 volume
47 in 53 and
48 1 49 second
49 second 51 fev1
49 second 53 and
50 ( 51 fev1
51 fev1 52 )
53 and 56 capacity
54 forced 56 capacity
55 vital 56 capacity
57 ( 58 fvc
58 fvc 59 )
60 were 61 evaluated
61 evaluated 64 and
62 at 63 baseline
62 at 64 and
64 and 65 after
65 after 66 5
67 - 68 years
67 - 69 follow
67 - 70 -
67 - 72 .
68 years 69 follow
70 - 71 up

results : cross - sectional analyses showed that height and thigh muscle area were positively and visceral adipose tissue negatively related to fev1 and fvc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 analyses
4 - 7 showed
4 - 21 related
5 sectional 6 analyses
6 analyses 7 showed
7 showed 8 that
8 that 16 and
8 that 21 related
9 height 10 and
10 and 11 thigh
10 and 13 area
10 and 14 were
10 and 16 and
12 muscle 13 area
13 area 14 were
14 were 15 positively
16 and 19 tissue
16 and 21 related
17 visceral 18 adipose
18 adipose 19 tissue
20 negatively 21 related
21 related 22 to
22 to 25 fvc
23 fev1 24 and
24 and 25 fvc
25 fvc 26 .

increase in fat [mass] over five years was associated with concurrent fev1 and fvc decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 increase 2 in
1 increase 8 was
2 in 3 fat
3 fat 5 over
5 over 7 years
6 five 7 years
8 was 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 13 and
11 concurrent 12 fev1
12 fev1 13 and
13 and 15 decline
14 fvc 15 decline

in analyses stratified by weight - change categories , men and women who gained weight ( [vs] stable/lost weight ) had more rapid declines in fev1 and fvc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 analyses
1 in 11 and
2 analyses 3 stratified
3 stratified 4 by
4 by 5 weight
5 weight 8 categories
6 - 8 categories
7 change 8 categories
8 categories 9 ,
10 men 11 and
11 and 12 women
11 and 13 who
11 and 14 gained
11 and 21 had
13 who 14 gained
14 gained 15 weight
15 weight 19 weight
16 ( 19 weight
18 stable/lost 19 weight
19 weight 20 )
21 had 24 declines
21 had 25 in
22 more 24 declines
23 rapid 24 declines
25 in 28 fvc
26 fev1 27 and
27 and 28 fvc

weight gain and accompanying fat deposition may accelerate age - related declines [in] respiratory function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 weight 3 and
2 gain 3 and
3 and 8 accelerate
4 accompanying 6 deposition
4 accompanying 7 may
5 fat 6 deposition
7 may 8 accelerate
8 accelerate 9 age
10 - 15 function
10 - 16 .
11 related 12 declines
12 declines 15 function
14 respiratory 15 function

background : self - neglect is the behavior of an elderly person that threatens his or her own health and safety , and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 self
4 - 5 neglect
4 - 6 is
4 - 23 and
4 - 32 .
5 neglect 6 is
6 is 20 and
7 the 20 and
8 behavior 9 of
8 behavior 16 or
9 of 12 person
10 an 11 elderly
10 an 12 person
11 elderly 12 person
12 person 13 that
12 person 14 threatens
13 that 14 threatens
14 threatens 15 his
16 or 19 health
16 or 20 and
17 her 18 own
17 her 19 health
20 and 21 safety
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 it
23 and 26 associated
24 it 25 is
25 is 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
27 with 30 and
28 increased 29 morbidity
29 morbidity 30 and
30 and 31 mortality

although report [of] self [-] neglect is more common among black older adults , the racial/ethnic differences in mortality remain unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 although 6 neglect
1 although 7 is
1 although 14 ,
1 although 17 differences
2 report 6 neglect
4 self 6 neglect
6 neglect 7 is
7 is 9 common
8 more 9 common
9 common 10 among
10 among 13 adults
11 black 13 adults
12 older 13 adults
15 the 17 differences
16 racial/ethnic 17 differences
17 differences 18 in
17 differences 20 remain
18 in 19 mortality
20 remain 21 unclear

methods : the chicago healthy aging project is a population - based cohort study conducted from 1993 to 2005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 7 project
2 : 8 is
2 : 11 -
3 the 7 project
4 chicago 5 healthy
5 healthy 6 aging
6 aging 7 project
7 project 8 is
8 is 10 population
9 a 10 population
11 - 14 study
12 based 13 cohort
13 cohort 14 study
14 study 15 conducted
15 conducted 18 to
16 from 18 to
17 1993 18 to
18 to 19 2005

a subset of these participants were suspected to self [-] neglect and were reported to a social services agency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 subset
2 subset 3 of
2 subset 12 and
3 of 5 participants
4 these 5 participants
6 were 7 suspected
6 were 12 and
7 suspected 8 to
8 to 11 neglect
9 self 11 neglect
12 and 13 were
12 and 15 to
13 were 14 reported
15 to 19 agency
16 a 17 social
16 a 19 agency
17 social 18 services
18 services 19 agency

mortality was ascertained during [follow] - up and from the national death index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ascertained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 mortality 2 was
2 was 3 ascertained
3 ascertained 8 and
4 during 7 up
4 during 8 and
6 - 7 up
8 and 9 from
9 from 13 index
10 the 13 index
11 national 12 death
12 death 13 index

cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the mortality risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cox 3 hazards
2 proportional 3 hazards
3 hazards 4 models
3 hazards 8 assess
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 risk
9 the 11 risk
10 mortality 11 risk

results : in the total cohort , there were 5,963 black and 3,475 white older adults , and of these , 1,479 were reported for self [-] neglect ( 21.7 % in black and 5.3 % in white older adults ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 cohort
4 the 6 cohort
5 total 6 cohort
7 , 8 there
7 , 9 were
7 , 18 and
8 there 9 were
9 were 12 and
10 5,963 12 and
11 black 12 and
12 and 16 adults
12 and 17 ,
13 3,475 16 adults
14 white 16 adults
15 older 16 adults
18 and 22 1,479
18 and 24 reported
19 of 20 these
19 of 21 ,
19 of 22 1,479
22 1,479 23 were
23 were 24 reported
24 reported 25 for
25 for 28 neglect
26 self 28 neglect
28 neglect 34 and
29 ( 34 and
30 21.7 32 in
31 % 32 in
32 in 33 black
33 black 34 and
34 and 40 adults
34 and 41 )
35 5.3 37 in
36 % 37 in
37 in 40 adults
38 white 40 adults
39 older 40 adults

in multivariable analyses with extensive adjustments , the interaction term indicated that impact of self [-] neglect on mortality was significantly stronger in black than in white older adults ( parameter estimate [,] 0.54 , se , 0.14 , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 3 analyses
1 in 10 term
2 multivariable 3 analyses
4 with 6 adjustments
4 with 7 ,
4 with 10 term
5 extensive 6 adjustments
8 the 10 term
9 interaction 10 term
10 term 11 indicated
11 indicated 12 that
12 that 13 impact
12 that 20 was
13 impact 14 of
13 impact 20 was
14 of 17 neglect
15 self 17 neglect
17 neglect 18 on
18 on 19 mortality
20 was 22 stronger
21 significantly 22 stronger
22 stronger 23 in
22 stronger 25 than
22 stronger 41 <
23 in 24 black
25 than 26 in
26 in 29 adults
27 white 29 adults
28 older 29 adults
29 adults 32 estimate
30 ( 32 estimate
31 parameter 32 estimate
32 estimate 34 0.54
32 estimate 36 se
32 estimate 37 ,
35 , 36 se
36 se 37 ,
38 0.14 41 <
39 , 41 <
40 p 41 <
41 < 43 001
41 < 44 )

this difference persisted over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 this 2 difference
2 difference 3 persisted
3 persisted 4 over
4 over 5 time

in race/ethnicity - stratified analyses , at 6 months after report [of] self - neglect , the hazard ratio for black older adults was 5.00 ( 95 % confidence interval , 4.47 - 5.59 [ )( for white older adults [was] 2.75 ( 95 % confidence interval , 2.19 - 3.44 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 race/ethnicity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 in 2 race/ethnicity
3 - 5 analyses
3 - 14 -
4 stratified 5 analyses
5 analyses 7 at
6 , 7 at
7 at 9 months
7 at 14 -
8 6 9 months
9 months 10 after
10 after 13 self
11 report 13 self
14 - 15 neglect
14 - 16 ,
14 - 24 was
16 , 19 ratio
17 the 19 ratio
18 hazard 19 ratio
19 ratio 20 for
19 ratio 24 was
20 for 23 adults
21 black 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
24 was 25 5.00
25 5.00 30 interval
25 5.00 33 -
26 ( 30 interval
27 95 30 interval
28 % 29 confidence
29 confidence 30 interval
30 interval 31 ,
31 , 33 -
32 4.47 33 -
33 - 34 5.59
34 5.59 37 for
37 for 38 white
38 white 49 2.19
39 older 40 adults
40 adults 42 2.75
40 adults 47 interval
43 ( 47 interval
44 95 45 %
45 % 46 confidence
46 confidence 47 interval
47 interval 48 ,
48 , 49 2.19
49 2.19 51 3.44
49 2.19 53 .
50 - 51 3.44
51 3.44 52 )

at 3 years [after] report , the hazard ratios were 2.61 ( 95 % confidence interval [,] 2.25 - 3.04 [ )(and 1.47 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.10 - 1.96 ) [for] black older adults and white older adults , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 at 3 years
1 at 5 report
2 3 3 years
6 , 9 ratios
6 , 10 were
7 the 9 ratios
8 hazard 9 ratios
9 ratios 10 were
10 were 11 2.61
10 were 43 respectively
11 2.61 16 interval
12 ( 16 interval
13 95 14 %
14 % 15 confidence
15 confidence 16 interval
16 interval 18 2.25
16 interval 22 )(and
16 interval 42 ,
19 - 22 )(and
20 3.04 22 )(and
22 )(and 23 1.47
22 )(and 38 and
22 )(and 42 ,
24 ( 38 and
25 95 37 adults
26 % 27 confidence
27 confidence 28 interval
28 interval 37 adults
29 , 31 -
30 1.10 31 -
31 - 32 1.96
31 - 33 )
31 - 35 black
35 black 37 adults
36 older 37 adults
37 adults 38 and
38 and 41 adults
38 and 42 ,
39 white 41 adults
40 older 41 adults

conclusions : future studies are needed to qualify the casual mechanisms between self [-] neglect and mortality in black and white older adults in order to devise targeted prevention and intervention strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 future
3 future 4 studies
3 future 5 are
3 future 6 needed
3 future 18 in
4 studies 5 are
6 needed 7 to
6 needed 12 between
7 to 8 qualify
8 qualify 11 mechanisms
9 the 11 mechanisms
10 casual 11 mechanisms
12 between 16 and
13 self 15 neglect
15 neglect 16 and
16 and 17 mortality
18 in 23 adults
19 black 20 and
20 and 21 white
20 and 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
23 adults 24 in
24 in 25 order
25 order 26 to
25 order 27 devise
26 to 27 devise
27 devise 30 and
28 targeted 29 prevention
29 prevention 30 and
30 and 32 strategies
31 intervention 32 strategies

previous research in the united states suggests that depression related to economic hardship decreases with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 previous 2 research
2 research 3 in
2 research 7 suggests
3 in 6 states
4 the 6 states
5 united 6 states
7 suggests 8 that
8 that 9 depression
8 that 10 related
9 depression 10 related
10 related 11 to
10 related 15 with
10 related 17 .
11 to 14 decreases
12 economic 13 hardship
13 hardship 14 decreases
15 with 16 age

we test whether this pattern can be generalized to other developed nations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 test
2 test 3 whether
3 whether 5 pattern
3 whether 8 generalized
4 this 5 pattern
5 pattern 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 generalized
8 generalized 9 to
9 to 12 nations
10 other 12 nations
11 developed 12 nations

based on data from 23 countries in the european social survey ( 2006 -- 2007 ) , multilevel analyses show that the moderating role of age depends on the socio - political context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 based 2 on
1 based 7 in
1 based 17 ,
1 based 19 analyses
2 on 3 data
3 data 4 from
4 from 6 countries
5 23 6 countries
7 in 11 survey
8 the 9 european
9 european 11 survey
10 social 11 survey
11 survey 14 --
12 ( 14 --
13 2006 14 --
14 -- 15 2007
14 -- 16 )
18 multilevel 19 analyses
19 analyses 20 show
20 show 21 that
21 that 24 role
21 that 27 depends
22 the 24 role
23 moderating 24 role
24 role 25 of
24 role 27 depends
25 of 26 age
27 depends 28 on
28 on 33 context
29 the 33 context
30 socio 31 -
30 socio 33 context
32 political 33 context

while the hardship -- depression [link] is not significantly different across the life course in nordic and bismarckian regimes , the hardship -- depression link increases with age in southern and eastern european countries and decreases with age in strength in anglo - saxon welfare states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 -
1 while 3 hardship
1 while 4 --
1 while 5 depression
2 the 3 hardship
5 depression 7 is
7 is 8 not
7 is 9 significantly
7 is 10 different
10 different 11 across
10 different 15 in
11 across 14 course
12 the 14 course
13 life 14 course
15 in 17 and
16 nordic 17 and
17 and 19 regimes
17 and 22 hardship
18 bismarckian 19 regimes
20 , 22 hardship
21 the 22 hardship
22 hardship 35 and
22 hardship 43 -
23 -- 35 and
24 depression 26 increases
25 link 26 increases
26 increases 27 with
26 increases 31 and
27 with 28 age
28 age 29 in
29 in 30 southern
31 and 34 countries
31 and 35 and
32 eastern 34 countries
33 european 34 countries
35 and 36 decreases
35 and 43 -
36 decreases 37 with
37 with 38 age
38 age 39 in
38 age 41 in
39 in 40 strength
41 in 42 anglo
43 - 46 states
43 - 47 .
44 saxon 46 states
45 welfare 46 states

our findings suggest that welfare state regimes play a significant role in attenuating , boosting , or even reversing the health effects of social experiences such as economic hardship on aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 regimes
4 that 8 play
5 welfare 7 regimes
6 state 7 regimes
8 play 11 role
9 a 11 role
10 significant 11 role
11 role 12 in
12 in 17 or
13 attenuating 14 ,
14 , 15 boosting
14 , 17 or
16 , 17 or
17 or 18 even
17 or 19 reversing
17 or 23 of
17 or 30 on
19 reversing 22 effects
20 the 22 effects
21 health 22 effects
23 of 25 experiences
24 social 25 experiences
25 experiences 27 as
26 such 27 as
27 as 29 hardship
28 economic 29 hardship
30 on 31 aging

health knowledge gained through research that ignores the socio - political context may be limited in terms of generalization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 health 2 knowledge
2 knowledge 3 gained
2 knowledge 6 that
2 knowledge 7 ignores
2 knowledge 13 may
3 gained 4 through
4 through 5 research
6 that 7 ignores
7 ignores 12 context
8 the 12 context
9 socio 10 -
9 socio 12 context
11 political 12 context
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 limited
15 limited 16 in
16 in 17 terms
17 terms 18 of
18 of 19 generalization

variation in the apolipoprotein e gene ( apoe ) has been reported to be associated with longevity in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 variation 2 in
1 variation 10 has
2 in 6 gene
3 the 6 gene
4 apolipoprotein 5 e
4 apolipoprotein 6 gene
6 gene 8 apoe
7 ( 8 apoe
8 apoe 9 )
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 reported
12 reported 13 to
12 reported 15 associated
13 to 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 18 in
16 with 17 longevity
18 in 19 humans

the authors assessed the allelic distribution of apoe isoforms ε2 , ε3 , and ε4 among 10,623 participants from 15 case - control and cohort studies of age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) in populations of european ancestry [(] study dates ranged from 1990 to 2009 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 assessed
3 assessed 6 distribution
3 assessed 14 and
3 assessed 16 among
4 the 6 distribution
5 allelic 6 distribution
6 distribution 7 of
7 of 9 isoforms
8 apoe 9 isoforms
10 ε2 11 ,
11 , 12 ε3
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 ε4
16 among 17 10,623
17 10,623 18 participants
17 10,623 21 case
17 10,623 24 and
18 participants 19 from
18 participants 21 case
19 from 20 15
22 - 24 and
23 control 24 and
24 and 26 studies
24 and 29 -
25 cohort 26 studies
26 studies 27 of
27 of 28 age
29 - 30 related
30 related 32 degeneration
30 related 36 in
30 related 49 )
31 macular 32 degeneration
32 degeneration 34 amd
33 ( 34 amd
34 amd 35 )
36 in 37 populations
37 populations 38 of
37 populations 43 dates
37 populations 44 ranged
38 of 42 study
39 european 40 ancestry
40 ancestry 42 study
43 dates 44 ranged
44 ranged 45 from
45 from 47 to
46 1990 47 to
47 to 48 2009

the authors included only the 10,623 control subjects from these studies who were classified as having no evidence of amd , since variation within the apoe gene has previously been associated with amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 included
3 included 4 only
3 included 8 subjects
3 included 9 from
5 the 6 10,623
6 10,623 8 subjects
7 control 8 subjects
9 from 11 studies
10 these 11 studies
11 studies 12 who
11 studies 13 were
12 who 13 were
13 were 14 classified
14 classified 15 as
14 classified 22 since
15 as 18 evidence
16 having 18 evidence
17 no 18 evidence
18 evidence 19 of
19 of 20 amd
21 , 22 since
22 since 23 variation
22 since 31 associated
22 since 34 .
23 variation 24 within
23 variation 28 has
24 within 27 gene
25 the 27 gene
26 apoe 27 gene
28 has 30 been
29 previously 30 been
30 been 31 associated
31 associated 32 with
32 with 33 amd

the association with age was [strongest] in ε4 homozygotes ; the frequency of ε4 homozygosity decreased from 2.7 % for participants aged 60 years or less to 0.8 % for those over age 85 years , while the proportion of participants with the ε3/ε4 [genotype] decreased from 26.8 % to 17.5 % across the same age range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 decreased
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 with
2 association 5 was
3 with 4 age
5 was 7 in
7 in 9 homozygotes
8 ε4 9 homozygotes
10 ; 12 frequency
11 the 12 frequency
12 frequency 13 of
12 frequency 16 decreased
13 of 15 homozygosity
14 ε4 15 homozygosity
16 decreased 29 %
16 decreased 37 while
17 from 27 to
18 2.7 19 %
18 2.7 27 to
19 % 20 for
19 % 22 aged
20 for 21 participants
22 aged 25 or
23 60 24 years
24 years 25 or
25 or 26 less
27 to 28 0.8
27 to 29 %
29 % 30 for
29 % 32 over
30 for 31 those
32 over 35 years
33 age 35 years
34 85 35 years
36 , 37 while
37 while 39 proportion
37 while 46 decreased
37 while 58 .
38 the 39 proportion
39 proportion 40 of
39 proportion 46 decreased
40 of 41 participants
41 participants 42 with
42 with 44 ε3/ε4
43 the 44 ε3/ε4
46 decreased 47 from
46 decreased 50 to
46 decreased 57 range
47 from 49 %
48 26.8 49 %
50 to 52 %
51 17.5 52 %
52 % 53 across
53 across 56 age
54 the 55 same
54 the 56 age

gender had no significant effect on the isoform frequencies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gender
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 gender 2 had
2 had 5 effect
2 had 6 on
3 no 5 effect
4 significant 5 effect
6 on 9 frequencies
7 the 9 frequencies
8 isoform 9 frequencies

this study provides strong support for an association of the apoe gene with human longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 support
3 provides 13 with
4 strong 5 support
5 support 6 for
6 for 8 association
7 an 8 association
8 association 9 of
9 of 12 gene
10 the 12 gene
11 apoe 12 gene
13 with 15 longevity
14 human 15 longevity

purpose : to evaluate the potential role of the matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) [system] of bruch 's membrane in the pathology of age - related macular degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 7 role
4 evaluate 18 's
5 the 7 role
6 potential 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 16 of
7 role 18 's
8 of 11 metalloproteinase
9 the 11 metalloproteinase
10 matrix 11 metalloproteinase
11 metalloproteinase 13 mmp
12 ( 13 mmp
13 mmp 14 )
16 of 17 bruch
18 's 19 membrane
18 's 20 in
20 in 22 pathology
21 the 22 pathology
22 pathology 23 of
23 of 24 age
25 - 26 related
26 related 28 degeneration
27 macular 28 degeneration

methods : free and bound pools of gelatinase activity in bruch 's membrane - choroid preparations were isolated by phosphate - buffered saline ( pbs ) and sodium dodecyl [sulfate] ( sds ) extraction , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 36 respectively
3 free 4 and
4 and 34 extraction
4 and 35 ,
5 bound 6 pools
6 pools 7 of
6 pools 10 in
6 pools 27 and
7 of 9 activity
8 gelatinase 9 activity
10 in 13 membrane
11 bruch 12 's
12 's 13 membrane
13 membrane 15 choroid
13 membrane 23 saline
14 - 15 choroid
15 choroid 16 preparations
15 choroid 17 were
15 choroid 18 isolated
15 choroid 21 -
16 preparations 17 were
18 isolated 19 by
19 by 20 phosphate
21 - 23 saline
22 buffered 23 saline
23 saline 25 pbs
23 saline 26 )
24 ( 25 pbs
25 pbs 26 )
27 and 29 dodecyl
27 and 32 sds
27 and 34 extraction
28 sodium 29 dodecyl
31 ( 32 sds
32 sds 33 )

individual mmp species were separated by gelatin - substrate zymography and the levels were quantified by densitometric techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 species
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 separated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 individual 2 mmp
2 mmp 3 species
3 species 4 were
4 were 5 separated
5 separated 6 by
6 by 7 gelatin
8 - 11 and
8 - 15 quantified
8 - 19 .
9 substrate 10 zymography
10 zymography 11 and
11 and 13 levels
11 and 14 were
12 the 13 levels
14 were 15 quantified
15 quantified 16 by
16 by 18 techniques
17 densitometric 18 techniques

altogether , 13 control [(] age range , 71 - 99 years ) and 6 amd ( age range , 71 - 95 years ) donor eyes were used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 13
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 altogether 2 ,
1 altogether 3 13
3 13 4 control
4 control 7 range
6 age 7 range
7 range 10 -
8 , 10 -
9 71 10 -
10 - 12 years
10 - 13 )
11 99 12 years
14 and 27 eyes
14 and 29 used
15 6 27 eyes
16 amd 19 range
16 amd 22 -
16 amd 27 eyes
17 ( 19 range
18 age 19 range
19 range 20 ,
20 , 22 -
21 71 22 -
22 - 24 years
22 - 25 )
23 95 24 years
26 donor 27 eyes
27 eyes 28 were
28 were 29 used

results : all the gelatinase components normally present in control samples were also present in amd tissue without any significant differences in their molecular masses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 all
2 : 12 were
2 : 26 .
3 all 6 components
3 all 8 present
3 all 12 were
4 the 6 components
5 gelatinase 6 components
6 components 8 present
7 normally 8 present
8 present 9 in
9 in 11 samples
10 control 11 samples
12 were 13 also
12 were 14 present
14 present 15 in
14 present 18 without
14 present 22 in
15 in 17 tissue
16 amd 17 tissue
18 without 21 differences
19 any 21 differences
20 significant 21 differences
22 in 25 masses
23 their 25 masses
24 molecular 25 masses

total levels ( bound plus free ) [of] active mmp2 and - 9 [were] significantly reduced in amd donors ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 total 2 levels
1 total 4 bound
3 ( 4 bound
4 bound 5 plus
4 bound 22 <
4 bound 24 )
5 plus 11 and
6 free 7 )
6 free 10 mmp2
9 active 10 mmp2
10 mmp2 11 and
11 and 19 donors
12 - 13 9
13 9 17 in
15 significantly 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 in
17 in 19 donors
18 amd 19 donors
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 0.05

the decrease in active mmp2 may be attributable to a similar reduction in the level [of] free pro - mmp2 , the precursor to the active form . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
1 the 2 decrease
2 decrease 3 in
2 decrease 6 may
3 in 5 mmp2
4 active 5 mmp2
6 may 7 be
7 be 8 attributable
8 attributable 9 to
8 attributable 13 in
9 to 12 reduction
10 a 11 similar
10 a 12 reduction
11 similar 12 reduction
13 in 18 pro
14 the 18 pro
15 level 18 pro
17 free 18 pro
18 pro 20 mmp2
18 pro 23 precursor
19 - 20 mmp2
20 mmp2 21 ,
21 , 23 precursor
22 the 23 precursor
23 precursor 24 to
23 precursor 28 .
24 to 27 form
25 the 27 form
26 active 27 form

reduction in active mmp9 occurred despite [a] nearly 3.5 - fold increase [in] free pro - mmp9 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 reduction 2 in
1 reduction 5 occurred
2 in 4 mmp9
3 active 4 mmp9
5 occurred 6 despite
6 despite 9 3.5
8 nearly 9 3.5
10 - 15 pro
10 - 16 -
11 fold 15 pro
12 increase 15 pro
14 free 15 pro
16 - 17 mmp9
16 - 18 .

the high - molecular - mass gelatinases denoted by hmw1 and - 2 [and] comprising homo - and heteropolymers of pro - mmp2 [and] - 9 [were] also raised in amd ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 high
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 high
3 - 7 gelatinases
3 - 11 and
4 molecular 5 -
4 molecular 7 gelatinases
6 mass 7 gelatinases
7 gelatinases 8 denoted
8 denoted 9 by
9 by 10 hmw1
11 and 12 -
12 - 18 and
13 2 16 homo
15 comprising 16 homo
16 homo 18 and
17 - 18 and
18 and 19 heteropolymers
18 and 20 of
18 and 23 mmp2
18 and 26 9
20 of 21 pro
22 - 23 mmp2
23 mmp2 25 -
25 - 26 9
26 9 29 raised
26 9 34 <
26 9 37 .
28 also 29 raised
29 raised 30 in
30 in 31 amd
32 ( 34 <
33 p 34 <
34 < 35 0.05
34 < 36 )

the sequestration [of] free pro - mmp2 and - 9 by these high - molecular - mass complexes may further contribute to reduced rates of activation of mmps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pro
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 the 5 pro
2 sequestration 5 pro
4 free 5 pro
6 - 7 mmp2
6 - 8 and
6 - 29 .
8 and 10 9
8 and 21 contribute
9 - 10 9
10 9 11 by
10 9 19 may
11 by 18 complexes
12 these 18 complexes
13 high 14 -
13 high 17 mass
15 molecular 16 -
15 molecular 17 mass
17 mass 18 complexes
19 may 21 contribute
20 further 21 contribute
21 contribute 22 to
22 to 24 rates
23 reduced 24 rates
24 rates 25 of
25 of 26 activation
26 activation 27 of
27 of 28 mmps

conclusions : the reduction in the levels of activated mmp2 and - 9 may be responsible for impaired matrix degradation of bruch 's membrane , leading to the pathology associated with amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 reduction
3 the 4 reduction
4 reduction 5 in
5 in 7 levels
6 the 7 levels
7 levels 8 of
8 of 10 mmp2
9 activated 10 mmp2
11 and 13 9
11 and 15 be
12 - 13 9
13 9 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 responsible
16 responsible 17 for
16 responsible 27 to
16 responsible 31 with
17 for 25 ,
18 impaired 20 degradation
18 impaired 25 ,
19 matrix 20 degradation
20 degradation 21 of
21 of 24 membrane
22 bruch 23 's
23 's 24 membrane
25 , 26 leading
27 to 29 pathology
28 the 29 pathology
29 pathology 30 associated
31 with 32 amd

the degradation pathway is therefore a viable therapeutic target for future intervention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pathway
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 pathway
2 degradation 3 pathway
3 pathway 4 is
4 is 5 therefore
4 is 9 target
6 a 7 viable
6 a 9 target
7 viable 9 target
8 therapeutic 9 target
9 target 10 for
10 for 12 intervention
11 future 12 intervention

purpose : the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enriching line drawings with color/texture and environmental context as a facilitator of naming speed and accuracy in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 enriching
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 7 study
4 purpose 14 enriching
5 of 6 this
7 study 8 was
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 determine
9 to 10 determine
10 determine 12 effects
11 the 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 enriching
14 enriching 16 drawings
14 enriching 17 with
14 enriching 22 as
15 line 16 drawings
17 with 21 context
18 color/texture 19 and
19 and 20 environmental
19 and 21 context
22 as 28 and
23 a 24 facilitator
24 facilitator 25 of
24 facilitator 28 and
25 of 27 speed
26 naming 27 speed
28 and 29 accuracy
29 accuracy 30 in
30 in 32 adults
31 older 32 adults

method : twenty young and 23 older adults named high - frequency picture stimuli from the boston naming test ( kaplan , goodglass , [&] weintraub , 2001 [ )(under three conditions : [(] [a] [ )(black - and - white items , ( [b] [ )(colorized - texturized items , and [(] [c] [ )(scene - primed colored items ( e.g [.] , " hammock " [preceded] 1,000 [ms] by a backyard scene [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 method 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 twenty 5 and
4 young 5 and
5 and 10 high
5 and 11 -
6 23 8 adults
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 named
9 named 10 high
11 - 14 stimuli
11 - 22 ,
12 frequency 13 picture
13 picture 14 stimuli
14 stimuli 15 from
14 stimuli 21 kaplan
15 from 19 test
16 the 19 test
17 boston 18 naming
18 naming 19 test
20 ( 21 kaplan
21 kaplan 22 ,
22 , 23 goodglass
22 , 24 ,
24 , 26 weintraub
24 , 27 ,
27 , 28 2001
27 , 38 -
28 2001 30 )(under
28 2001 33 :
30 )(under 32 conditions
31 three 32 conditions
33 : 37 )(black
38 - 39 and
38 - 43 ,
39 and 40 -
40 - 41 white
41 white 42 items
43 , 52 and
44 ( 47 )(colorized
47 )(colorized 48 -
47 )(colorized 52 and
49 texturized 50 items
50 items 52 and
51 , 52 and
52 and 56 )(scene
52 and 57 -
52 and 58 primed
58 primed 60 items
59 colored 60 items
60 items 62 e.g
60 items 66 hammock
61 ( 62 e.g
62 e.g 64 ,
64 , 65 "
64 , 66 hammock
66 hammock 67 "
66 hammock 69 1,000
66 hammock 71 by
66 hammock 76 )(
71 by 74 scene
72 a 73 backyard
72 a 74 scene
73 backyard 74 scene

results : with respect to speeded naming latencies , mixed - model analyses of variance revealed that young adults did not benefit from colorization [-] texturization but did show scene [-] priming effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 did
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 8 latencies
2 : 27 but
3 with 4 respect
3 with 8 latencies
4 respect 5 to
5 to 7 naming
6 speeded 7 naming
8 latencies 10 mixed
8 latencies 12 model
9 , 10 mixed
10 mixed 11 -
12 model 13 analyses
12 model 18 young
13 analyses 14 of
14 of 15 variance
15 variance 16 revealed
17 that 18 young
19 adults 20 did
20 did 21 not
20 did 27 but
22 benefit 23 from
22 benefit 27 but
23 from 26 texturization
24 colorization 26 texturization
27 but 28 did
28 did 33 effects
29 show 30 scene
30 scene 32 priming
32 priming 33 effects

in contrast , older adults failed to show facilitation effects from either colorized - texturized or scene - primed items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 failed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 failed
6 failed 7 to
6 failed 8 show
7 to 8 show
8 show 16 or
8 show 19 primed
9 facilitation 10 effects
10 effects 11 from
10 effects 13 colorized
10 effects 16 or
11 from 12 either
13 colorized 14 -
13 colorized 15 texturized
16 or 17 scene
16 or 18 -
16 or 19 primed
19 primed 20 items

moreover , older adults were consistently slower to initiate naming than [were] their younger counterparts across all conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 adults
3 older 4 adults
4 adults 5 were
5 were 6 consistently
5 were 7 slower
7 slower 8 to
8 to 9 initiate
9 initiate 10 naming
9 initiate 11 than
9 initiate 16 across
11 than 15 counterparts
13 their 15 counterparts
14 younger 15 counterparts
16 across 18 conditions
17 all 18 conditions

conclusions : perceptual and contextual enrichment of sparse line drawings does not appear to facilitate visual confrontation naming in older adults , whereas younger adults do tend to show benefits of scene priming . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 perceptual
4 and 6 enrichment
4 and 13 appear
5 contextual 6 enrichment
6 enrichment 7 of
6 enrichment 11 does
7 of 10 drawings
8 sparse 9 line
9 line 10 drawings
11 does 12 not
11 does 13 appear
13 appear 14 to
13 appear 15 facilitate
14 to 15 facilitate
15 facilitate 18 naming
15 facilitate 19 in
15 facilitate 23 whereas
16 visual 17 confrontation
17 confrontation 18 naming
19 in 21 adults
20 older 21 adults
22 , 23 whereas
23 whereas 25 adults
24 younger 25 adults
25 adults 26 do
26 do 27 tend
27 tend 28 to
27 tend 29 show
28 to 29 show
29 show 30 benefits
30 benefits 31 of
31 of 33 priming
32 scene 33 priming

we interpret these findings as [generally] [supportive] of a processing speed account of age - related object picture - naming difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interpret
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 we 2 interpret
2 interpret 4 findings
2 interpret 5 as
3 these 4 findings
5 as 8 of
8 of 12 account
9 a 12 account
10 processing 12 account
11 speed 12 account
12 account 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 - 18 picture
15 - 19 -
16 related 17 object
17 object 18 picture
19 - 21 difficulty
19 - 22 .
20 naming 21 difficulty

background : in adults , dosages of some anaesthetic agents are based on lean body mass [(] lbm ) rather than body weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 21 than
3 in 4 adults
4 adults 6 dosages
5 , 6 dosages
6 dosages 7 of
6 dosages 12 based
6 dosages 19 )
7 of 9 anaesthetic
8 some 9 anaesthetic
9 anaesthetic 10 agents
9 anaesthetic 11 are
10 agents 11 are
12 based 13 on
13 on 18 lbm
14 lean 18 lbm
15 body 16 mass
16 mass 18 lbm
20 rather 21 than
21 than 23 weight
22 body 23 weight

our aim was to derive an equation for estimating lbm in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 our 2 aim
2 aim 3 was
3 was 4 to
3 was 5 derive
4 to 5 derive
5 derive 7 equation
6 an 7 equation
7 equation 8 for
8 for 9 estimating
9 estimating 10 lbm
9 estimating 11 in
11 in 12 children

methods : patients comprised three groups : prospective kidney transplant donors from two separate centres ( centres 1 and 3 ) and children referred to a further centre ( centre 2 ) for the routine clinical measurement of glomerular filtration [rate] ( gfr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 4 comprised
2 : 7 :
2 : 45 .
3 patients 4 comprised
4 comprised 6 groups
5 three 6 groups
7 : 22 and
8 prospective 9 kidney
9 kidney 11 donors
10 transplant 11 donors
11 donors 12 from
11 donors 22 and
12 from 15 centres
13 two 15 centres
14 separate 15 centres
15 centres 17 centres
16 ( 17 centres
17 centres 19 and
17 centres 21 )
18 1 19 and
19 and 20 3
22 and 23 children
22 and 33 for
23 children 24 referred
24 referred 25 to
25 to 28 centre
26 a 28 centre
27 further 28 centre
28 centre 30 centre
29 ( 30 centre
30 centre 31 2
30 centre 32 )
33 for 37 measurement
34 the 37 measurement
35 routine 37 measurement
36 clinical 37 measurement
37 measurement 38 of
37 measurement 43 gfr
38 of 40 filtration
39 glomerular 40 filtration
42 ( 43 gfr
43 gfr 44 )

gfr and extracellular fluid volume ( ecv ) were measured using cr - 51 - edta . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 gfr 2 and
2 and 5 volume
2 and 7 ecv
2 and 9 were
3 extracellular 4 fluid
4 fluid 5 volume
6 ( 7 ecv
7 ecv 8 )
9 were 10 measured
10 measured 11 using
11 using 12 cr
12 cr 14 51
13 - 14 51
14 51 15 -
15 - 16 edta

lbm was directly estimated [(] elbm ) [in] adults using an equation based on height and weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lbm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 lbm 2 was
2 was 16 and
3 directly 4 estimated
4 estimated 9 adults
4 estimated 16 and
6 elbm 7 )
6 elbm 9 adults
9 adults 10 using
9 adults 13 based
10 using 12 equation
11 an 12 equation
13 based 14 on
14 on 15 height
16 and 17 weight

ecv in children [was] estimated ( eecv ) from another equation based on height and weight , converted to elbm using the relationship between elbm and ecv determined in the adults from centre 1 and then compared with adult data from centre 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 equation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 ecv 11 equation
2 in 3 children
2 in 11 equation
3 children 5 estimated
3 children 7 eecv
6 ( 7 eecv
7 eecv 8 )
9 from 10 another
9 from 11 equation
11 equation 35 and
12 based 13 on
12 based 26 and
12 based 35 and
13 on 15 and
14 height 15 and
15 and 16 weight
15 and 17 ,
15 and 18 converted
15 and 19 to
15 and 24 between
19 to 20 elbm
20 elbm 21 using
20 elbm 24 between
21 using 23 relationship
22 the 23 relationship
25 elbm 26 and
26 and 27 ecv
26 and 32 from
27 ecv 28 determined
28 determined 29 in
29 in 31 adults
30 the 31 adults
32 from 33 centre
33 centre 34 1
35 and 37 compared
35 and 38 with
35 and 41 from
36 then 37 compared
38 with 40 data
39 adult 40 data
41 from 42 centre
42 centre 43 3

results : in children , the ratio of eecv to ecv was 1.04 ( sd [0.18] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 children
5 , 7 ratio
5 , 12 was
6 the 7 ratio
7 ratio 8 of
7 ratio 12 was
8 of 9 eecv
9 eecv 10 to
10 to 11 ecv
12 was 13 1.04
13 1.04 15 sd
14 ( 15 sd
15 sd 17 )

in centre 1 , elbm [(] [kg] ) was 3.81 ( sd [0.55] ) times greater than ecv ( litres ) in men ( n=50 ) and 3.77 [(] 0.77 [ )(times greater in women ( n=51 ) [.] elbm in children [was] therefore derived by multiplying eecv by 3.8 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 in 2 centre
1 in 3 1
3 1 5 elbm
3 1 9 was
4 , 5 elbm
5 elbm 8 )
9 was 10 3.81
9 was 15 times
10 3.81 12 sd
11 ( 12 sd
12 sd 14 )
15 times 16 greater
16 greater 17 than
17 than 27 and
18 ecv 20 litres
18 ecv 22 in
18 ecv 27 and
19 ( 20 litres
20 litres 21 )
22 in 23 men
23 men 25 n=50
24 ( 25 n=50
25 n=50 26 )
27 and 32 )(times
28 3.77 32 )(times
30 0.77 32 )(times
32 )(times 33 greater
33 greater 34 in
34 in 35 women
35 women 40 elbm
36 ( 40 elbm
37 n=51 38 )
37 n=51 40 elbm
40 elbm 41 in
40 elbm 45 derived
40 elbm 46 by
40 elbm 51 .
41 in 42 children
44 therefore 45 derived
46 by 48 eecv
47 multiplying 48 eecv
48 eecv 49 by
49 by 50 3.8

in children , elbm showed a close linear correlation with measured ecv ( elbm=3.50ecv+2.0 [;] r ( 2 )=0.857 ) , similar to adults ( elbm=2.82ecv+14.5 [;] r ( 2 )=0.582 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elbm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 children
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 elbm
4 elbm 5 showed
5 showed 9 correlation
6 a 7 close
6 a 9 correlation
7 close 9 correlation
8 linear 9 correlation
9 correlation 10 with
9 correlation 22 similar
10 with 12 ecv
11 measured 12 ecv
12 ecv 14 elbm=3.50ecv+2.0
13 ( 14 elbm=3.50ecv+2.0
14 elbm=3.50ecv+2.0 16 r
14 elbm=3.50ecv+2.0 19 )=0.857
14 elbm=3.50ecv+2.0 21 ,
17 ( 19 )=0.857
18 2 19 )=0.857
19 )=0.857 20 )
21 , 22 similar
22 similar 23 to
22 similar 32 )
23 to 24 adults
24 adults 26 elbm=2.82ecv+14.5
25 ( 26 elbm=2.82ecv+14.5
26 elbm=2.82ecv+14.5 28 r
26 elbm=2.82ecv+14.5 31 )=0.582
26 elbm=2.82ecv+14.5 32 )
29 ( 31 )=0.582
30 2 31 )=0.582
31 )=0.582 32 )

in all groups , elbm/weight correlated inversely with weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 elbm/weight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 in 3 groups
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 elbm/weight
2 all 3 groups
5 elbm/weight 6 correlated
6 correlated 7 inversely
6 correlated 8 with
8 with 9 weight

conclusions : in terms of the relationships between elbm , ecv , and weight , children are similar to adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 13 and
4 terms 5 of
4 terms 10 ,
5 of 7 relationships
6 the 7 relationships
7 relationships 8 between
8 between 9 elbm
10 , 11 ecv
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 weight
15 , 16 children
15 , 17 are
16 children 17 are
17 are 18 similar
18 similar 19 to
19 to 20 adults

therefore , drug dosage in children should also be based on elbm rather than weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dosage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 dosage
3 drug 4 dosage
4 dosage 5 in
4 dosage 7 should
5 in 6 children
7 should 9 be
8 also 9 be
9 be 10 based
10 based 11 on
10 based 14 than
11 on 12 elbm
13 rather 14 than
14 than 15 weight

objective : to examine [whether] the consistency or persistence of knee pain , in addition to its severity , predicts incident total knee replacement ( tkr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
2 : 8 or
2 : 28 .
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 7 consistency
6 the 7 consistency
8 or 9 persistence
8 or 20 predicts
9 persistence 10 of
9 persistence 14 in
9 persistence 20 predicts
10 of 12 pain
11 knee 12 pain
13 , 14 in
14 in 15 addition
14 in 19 ,
15 addition 16 to
16 to 18 severity
17 its 18 severity
20 predicts 24 replacement
21 incident 24 replacement
22 total 23 knee
23 knee 24 replacement
24 replacement 26 tkr
25 ( 26 tkr
26 tkr 27 )

methods : the multicenter osteoarthritis study ( most ) is a longitudinal study of persons aged 50 to 79 years with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis or at high risk of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 20 years
3 the 8 most
4 multicenter 5 osteoarthritis
5 osteoarthritis 6 study
6 study 8 most
7 ( 8 most
8 most 9 )
8 most 10 is
10 is 13 study
11 a 12 longitudinal
11 a 13 study
12 longitudinal 13 study
13 study 14 of
14 of 15 persons
15 persons 16 aged
16 aged 18 to
17 50 18 to
18 to 19 79
19 79 20 years
20 years 25 or
21 with 24 osteoarthritis
21 with 25 or
22 symptomatic 23 knee
23 knee 24 osteoarthritis
25 or 26 at
26 at 28 risk
27 high 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 30 disease

subjects were queried about the presence of knee pain on most days of the previous 30 days ( i.e [.] , frequent knee pain ; fkp [ )(at 2 timepoints : a telephone screen followed by a clinic visit ( median separation 4 weeks ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 queried
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 queried
3 queried 4 about
4 about 6 presence
5 the 6 presence
6 presence 7 of
6 presence 10 on
6 presence 13 of
7 of 9 pain
8 knee 9 pain
10 on 12 days
11 most 12 days
13 of 17 days
14 the 15 previous
14 the 16 30
16 30 17 days
17 days 19 i.e
18 ( 19 i.e
19 i.e 24 pain
19 i.e 25 ;
21 , 24 pain
22 frequent 23 knee
23 knee 24 pain
24 pain 25 ;
25 ; 26 fkp
25 ; 30 timepoints
25 ; 31 :
26 fkp 28 )(at
26 fkp 30 timepoints
28 )(at 29 2
31 : 34 screen
31 : 35 followed
31 : 46 .
32 a 34 screen
33 telephone 34 screen
34 screen 35 followed
35 followed 36 by
35 followed 39 visit
37 a 39 visit
38 clinic 39 visit
39 visit 44 weeks
40 ( 44 weeks
41 median 42 separation
42 separation 44 weeks
43 4 44 weeks
44 weeks 45 )

we defined a knee as having " consistent pain " if the subject answered positively to the fkp question at both timepoints , " [inconsistent] pain " if fkp was positive at only one timepoint , [or] as " no fkp " [if] negative at both . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
1 we 2 defined
2 defined 4 knee
2 defined 11 if
2 defined 15 positively
2 defined 16 to
2 defined 20 at
3 a 4 knee
4 knee 5 as
5 as 9 pain
6 having 7 "
6 having 9 pain
8 consistent 9 pain
9 pain 10 "
11 if 13 subject
11 if 14 answered
12 the 13 subject
13 subject 14 answered
16 to 19 question
17 the 19 question
18 fkp 19 question
20 at 22 timepoints
21 both 22 timepoints
23 , 24 "
23 , 26 pain
26 pain 27 "
26 pain 28 if
26 pain 35 timepoint
26 pain 38 as
28 if 29 fkp
28 if 30 was
29 fkp 30 was
30 was 31 positive
31 positive 32 at
32 at 34 one
33 only 34 one
36 , 38 as
38 as 39 "
38 as 44 negative
38 as 47 .
40 no 44 negative
41 fkp 42 "
41 fkp 44 negative
44 negative 45 at
45 at 46 both

we examined the association between consistent fkp and risk of tkr using multiple binomial regression with generalized estimating equations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
2 examined 5 between
2 examined 12 using
3 the 4 association
5 between 8 and
6 consistent 7 fkp
7 fkp 8 and
8 and 9 risk
8 and 10 of
10 of 11 tkr
12 using 15 regression
12 using 16 with
13 multiple 15 regression
14 binomial 15 regression
16 with 19 equations
17 generalized 19 equations
18 estimating 19 equations

results : in 3026 persons ( mean age 63 [yrs] , mean body mass index 30.4 ) , 2979 knees ( 50 % ) had no fkp at baseline , 1279 knees ( 21.5 % ) had inconsistent fkp , and 1696 knees ( 28.5 % ) had consistent fkp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 persons
4 3026 5 persons
5 persons 8 age
6 ( 8 age
7 mean 8 age
8 age 9 63
8 age 15 index
8 age 17 )
11 , 15 index
12 mean 14 mass
13 body 14 mass
14 mass 15 index
15 index 16 30.4
15 index 17 )
18 , 20 knees
18 , 25 had
18 , 30 ,
19 2979 20 knees
20 knees 23 %
20 knees 25 had
21 ( 23 %
22 50 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 had 27 fkp
25 had 28 at
26 no 27 fkp
28 at 29 baseline
30 , 32 knees
30 , 37 had
30 , 41 and
31 1279 32 knees
32 knees 35 %
32 knees 37 had
33 ( 35 %
34 21.5 35 %
35 % 36 )
37 had 39 fkp
38 inconsistent 39 fkp
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 knees
41 and 48 had
42 1696 43 knees
43 knees 46 %
43 knees 48 had
44 ( 46 %
45 28.5 46 %
46 % 47 )
48 had 50 fkp
49 consistent 50 fkp

risk of tkr over 30 months was 0.8 % , 2.6 % , [and] 8.8 % for knees with no [,] inconsistent , and consistent fkp , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 risk 2 of
1 risk 7 was
2 of 3 tkr
3 tkr 4 over
4 over 6 months
5 30 6 months
7 was 9 %
7 was 28 respectively
8 0.8 9 %
9 % 12 %
9 % 16 %
10 , 12 %
11 2.6 12 %
12 % 13 ,
13 , 16 %
15 8.8 16 %
16 % 17 for
16 % 27 ,
17 for 18 knees
18 knees 19 with
19 with 26 fkp
20 no 26 fkp
22 inconsistent 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 consistent
24 and 26 fkp

relative risks [of] tkr over 30 months were 1.2 ( 95 % ci 0.6 - 2.3 ) and 2.3 ( 95 % ci 1.2 - 4.4 ) for knees with inconsistent and consistent fkp , compared with those without fkp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 relative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 risks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 relative 2 risks
2 risks 4 tkr
2 risks 28 for
2 risks 30 with
2 risks 39 without
4 tkr 5 over
5 over 18 and
6 30 7 months
6 30 18 and
7 months 8 were
8 were 9 1.2
9 1.2 13 ci
10 ( 13 ci
11 95 13 ci
12 % 13 ci
13 ci 15 -
13 ci 17 )
14 0.6 15 -
15 - 16 2.3
18 and 19 2.3
18 and 23 ci
20 ( 23 ci
21 95 23 ci
22 % 23 ci
23 ci 25 -
23 ci 27 )
24 1.2 25 -
25 - 26 4.4
28 for 29 knees
30 with 32 and
30 with 36 compared
31 inconsistent 32 and
32 and 34 fkp
32 and 35 ,
33 consistent 34 fkp
36 compared 37 with
37 with 38 those
39 without 40 fkp

this association was consistent across each level of pain severity on the western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 association
2 association 3 was
3 was 4 consistent
4 consistent 5 across
4 consistent 11 on
5 across 7 level
6 each 7 level
7 level 8 of
8 of 10 severity
9 pain 10 severity
11 on 15 and
12 the 14 ontario
13 western 14 ontario
14 ontario 15 and
15 and 19 index
16 mcmaster 17 universities
17 universities 18 osteoarthritis
18 osteoarthritis 19 index

conclusion : consistency of frequent knee pain is associated with an increased risk of tkr independently of knee pain severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 consistency
2 : 9 associated
2 : 21 .
3 consistency 4 of
3 consistency 8 is
4 of 7 pain
5 frequent 6 knee
6 knee 7 pain
8 is 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
9 associated 16 independently
10 with 13 risk
11 an 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 tkr
16 independently 17 of
17 of 20 severity
18 knee 20 severity
19 pain 20 severity

objectives : to test whether different terminal pathologies are associated with different rates of age - related decline [in] fluid and crystallized mental abilities and whether pathology - associated declines are accelerated by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 -
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
3 to 4 test
4 test 5 whether
4 test 11 with
5 whether 8 pathologies
5 whether 10 associated
6 different 8 pathologies
7 terminal 8 pathologies
8 pathologies 9 are
9 are 10 associated
11 with 13 rates
12 different 13 rates
13 rates 14 of
14 of 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 21 and
18 decline 20 fluid
20 fluid 21 and
21 and 27 pathology
22 crystallized 24 abilities
23 mental 24 abilities
24 abilities 25 and
25 and 26 whether
25 and 27 pathology
28 - 30 declines
28 - 32 accelerated
28 - 35 .
29 associated 30 declines
30 declines 31 are
31 are 32 accelerated
32 accelerated 33 by
33 by 34 age

methods : during [a] 20 - year longitudinal study , 6203 participants were quadrennially assessed on the heim 's [(] heim , [a] [1970] [ )(the ah4 series of intelligence tests slough , u.k [.] : nep [ )(ah4 [-] 1 and ah4 - 2 tests of fluid intelligence and [on] the raven ['s] ( raven , [j] ..y c ..y [1965] [ )(the mill hill vocabulary scale london : h.k [.] lewis [ )(mill hill a and [b] tests of recognition and production vocabulary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 during
3 during 5 20
6 - 9 study
6 - 10 ,
7 year 9 study
8 longitudinal 9 study
10 , 12 participants
10 , 22 ,
11 6203 12 participants
12 participants 13 were
13 were 14 quadrennially
13 were 15 assessed
15 assessed 16 on
16 on 21 heim
17 the 18 heim
18 heim 19 's
19 's 21 heim
22 , 28 series
22 , 33 ,
26 )(the 28 series
27 ah4 28 series
28 series 29 of
28 series 31 tests
29 of 30 intelligence
31 tests 32 slough
33 , 34 u.k
33 , 44 -
34 u.k 36 :
36 : 43 ah4
37 nep 39 )(ah4
39 )(ah4 41 1
39 )(ah4 42 and
42 and 43 ah4
44 - 46 tests
44 - 50 and
45 2 46 tests
46 tests 47 of
47 of 49 intelligence
48 fluid 49 intelligence
50 and 57 ,
50 and 59 ..y
50 and 61 ..y
52 the 53 raven
53 raven 56 raven
55 ( 56 raven
56 raven 57 ,
59 ..y 60 c
60 c 61 ..y
61 ..y 69 london
64 )(the 69 london
65 mill 66 hill
66 hill 67 vocabulary
67 vocabulary 68 scale
68 scale 69 london
69 london 70 :
70 : 78 and
71 h.k 73 lewis
73 lewis 75 )(mill
75 )(mill 76 hill
76 hill 77 a
76 hill 78 and
78 and 80 tests
78 and 81 of
81 of 83 and
82 recognition 83 and
83 and 85 vocabulary
83 and 86 .
84 production 85 vocabulary

dates and proximate causes of death were logged for 2499 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 logged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 dates 2 and
2 and 4 causes
2 and 5 of
2 and 7 were
3 proximate 4 causes
5 of 6 death
7 were 8 logged
8 logged 9 for
9 for 11 participants
10 2499 11 participants

multilevel modelling compared rates of [decline] after effects of sex , demographics , and practice were taken into consideration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 multilevel 2 modelling
1 multilevel 11 ,
2 modelling 4 rates
3 compared 4 rates
4 rates 5 of
4 rates 9 of
5 of 7 after
7 after 8 effects
9 of 10 sex
11 , 12 demographics
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 practice
14 and 16 were
16 were 17 taken
17 taken 18 into
18 into 19 consideration

results : rates [of] [cognitive] decline markedly [differed] across pathologies , being most rapid for dementias and infections , slower for malignancies , and most prolonged for cardiovascular conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 decline
2 : 30 .
3 rates 6 decline
6 decline 7 markedly
6 decline 9 across
6 decline 12 being
6 decline 20 slower
6 decline 21 for
9 across 10 pathologies
11 , 12 being
12 being 14 rapid
12 being 19 ,
13 most 14 rapid
14 rapid 15 for
15 for 17 and
16 dementias 17 and
17 and 18 infections
21 for 24 and
22 malignancies 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 most
25 most 26 prolonged
26 prolonged 27 for
27 for 29 conditions
28 cardiovascular 29 conditions

pathologies were associated with faster declines in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pathologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 pathologies 2 were
2 were 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 7 in
4 with 6 declines
5 faster 6 declines
7 in 9 individuals
8 older 9 individuals

discussion : after sex , age , and demographics have also been considered , different terminal pathologies are associated with markedly different rates [of] [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 pathologies
2 : 19 associated
2 : 26 .
3 after 8 and
3 after 13 considered
3 after 14 ,
3 after 17 pathologies
4 sex 5 ,
5 , 6 age
5 , 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 demographics
8 and 10 have
10 have 12 been
11 also 12 been
12 been 13 considered
15 different 16 terminal
16 terminal 17 pathologies
17 pathologies 18 are
18 are 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 23 rates
21 markedly 22 different
22 different 23 rates

age accelerates pathology - related decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accelerates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 age 2 accelerates
2 accelerates 3 pathology
4 - 6 decline
4 - 7 .
5 related 6 decline

this raises the further question as to whether any , or how much of [,] age [-] related cognitive [decline] is brought about by other causes than an increasing burden of pathologies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 raises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 raises
2 raises 5 question
2 raises 7 to
3 the 5 question
4 further 5 question
6 as 7 to
7 to 8 whether
8 whether 11 or
8 whether 22 brought
9 any 11 or
10 , 11 or
11 or 12 how
11 or 16 age
11 or 21 is
11 or 22 brought
13 much 14 of
13 much 16 age
14 of 16 age
16 age 18 related
16 age 21 is
18 related 19 cognitive
22 brought 23 about
22 brought 24 by
22 brought 27 than
22 brought 30 burden
24 by 26 causes
25 other 26 causes
28 an 30 burden
29 increasing 30 burden
30 burden 31 of
31 of 32 pathologies

unlike apoptosis , mechanisms leading to necrosis are less well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 unlike 2 apoptosis
1 unlike 3 ,
1 unlike 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 leading
4 mechanisms 8 are
5 leading 6 to
6 to 7 necrosis
8 are 10 well
8 are 11 understood
9 less 10 well

moreover , changes in necrosis as a function of age have not been studied in human lymphocytes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 changes
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 11 have
4 in 5 necrosis
5 necrosis 6 as
6 as 8 function
7 a 8 function
8 function 9 of
9 of 10 age
11 have 12 not
11 have 13 been
13 been 14 studied
14 studied 15 in
15 in 17 lymphocytes
16 human 17 lymphocytes

[h] [(] 2 [ ] ( 2 ) - induced death of peripheral lymphocytes ( 56 healthy donors , 24 - 95 years ) [was] evaluated by flow cytometry and propidium iodide staining , caspase activation , dna laddering , and electron microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 [was]
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 microscopy
3 2 6 (
3 2 10 induced
3 2 19 ,
3 2 25 [was]
5 ] 6 (
6 ( 7 2
8 ) 10 induced
9 - 10 induced
10 induced 11 death
10 induced 18 donors
11 death 13 peripheral
12 of 13 peripheral
13 peripheral 17 healthy
14 lymphocytes 17 healthy
15 ( 17 healthy
16 56 17 healthy
17 healthy 18 donors
18 donors 19 ,
19 , 22 95
19 , 23 years
20 24 22 95
21 - 22 95
22 95 23 years
25 [was] 26 evaluated
25 [was] 42 electron
26 evaluated 40 ,
27 by 28 flow
28 flow 29 cytometry
29 cytometry 31 propidium
29 cytometry 32 iodide
29 cytometry 33 staining
30 and 31 propidium
33 staining 35 caspase
33 staining 36 activation
34 , 35 caspase
36 activation 38 dna
36 activation 40 ,
37 , 38 dna
39 laddering 40 ,
40 , 41 and

[h] [(] 2 [ ] ( 2 [ )(- induced stress [was] associated with high levels of necrosis in young individuals ( ≤30 years ) , whereas progressively enhanced apoptotic death was observed in older donors , without changes in overall lymphocyte survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 )(-
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 survival
3 2 6 (
3 2 9 )(-
5 ] 6 (
6 ( 8 [
9 )(- 10 induced
9 )(- 13 associated
9 )(- 18 necrosis
9 )(- 26 ,
9 )(- 37 ,
9 )(- 39 changes
10 induced 12 [was]
13 associated 15 high
14 with 15 high
15 high 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
18 necrosis 20 young
19 in 20 young
20 young 23 ≤30
21 individuals 23 ≤30
22 ( 23 ≤30
23 ≤30 24 years
25 ) 26 ,
26 , 30 apoptotic
26 , 32 was
26 , 36 donors
27 whereas 28 progressively
28 progressively 30 apoptotic
29 enhanced 30 apoptotic
30 apoptotic 31 death
31 death 32 was
32 was 33 observed
33 observed 35 older
34 in 35 older
37 , 38 without
39 changes 42 lymphocyte
40 in 41 overall
41 overall 42 lymphocyte

thus , apoptosis/necrosis ratios were inverted in young [versus] elderly ( ≥65 years ) donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 inverted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 ratios
3 apoptosis/necrosis 4 ratios
4 ratios 5 were
5 were 6 inverted
6 inverted 7 in
7 in 15 donors
8 young 15 donors
10 elderly 13 years
10 elderly 15 donors
11 ( 13 years
12 ≥65 13 years
13 years 14 )

death was not accompanied by increased caspase activity [and] , accordingly , unaffected by caspase inhibition ; however , it was almost completely prevented by [poly] adp ribose polymerase inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 death 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 4 accompanied
4 accompanied 5 by
4 accompanied 11 accordingly
4 accompanied 13 unaffected
5 by 8 activity
6 increased 7 caspase
7 caspase 8 activity
10 , 11 accordingly
11 accordingly 12 ,
13 unaffected 14 by
14 by 16 inhibition
15 caspase 16 inhibition
17 ; 20 it
17 ; 24 prevented
18 however 19 ,
18 however 20 it
20 it 21 was
21 was 24 prevented
22 almost 23 completely
23 completely 24 prevented
24 prevented 25 by
25 by 30 inhibition
27 adp 30 inhibition
28 ribose 30 inhibition
29 polymerase 30 inhibition

in summary , aging was associated with changes in the apoptosis/necrosis ratios [,] rather than susceptibility per se to h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) - induced death , [which] was caspase independent but [poly] adp ribose [polymerase] dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 [which]
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 dependent
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 aging
3 , 6 associated
3 , 30 death
4 aging 5 was
5 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 9 in
6 associated 15 than
6 associated 18 se
6 associated 19 to
6 associated 27 )
7 with 8 changes
9 in 12 ratios
10 the 12 ratios
11 apoptosis/necrosis 12 ratios
14 rather 15 than
15 than 16 susceptibility
17 per 18 se
19 to 20 h
21 ( 27 )
22 2 25 (
22 2 27 )
24 ] 25 (
25 ( 26 2
27 ) 29 induced
27 ) 30 death
28 - 29 induced
30 death 32 [which]
32 [which] 33 was
32 [which] 40 [polymerase]
33 was 34 caspase
34 caspase 35 independent
35 independent 38 adp
37 [poly] 38 adp

understanding this switch in death modes may aid in understanding age - related disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 aid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 understanding 3 switch
1 understanding 4 in
1 understanding 7 may
2 this 3 switch
4 in 6 modes
5 death 6 modes
7 may 8 aid
8 aid 9 in
8 aid 11 age
9 in 10 understanding
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 disorders
13 related 15 .

context : the growth hormone ( gh )/insulin - like growth factor [-] i ( igf - i ) [axis] stimulates collagen synthesis in tendon and skeletal muscle , [but] no studies have investigated the effect of reducing igf - [i] on collagen synthesis in healthy humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 context 2 :
2 : 5 hormone
3 the 5 hormone
4 growth 5 hormone
5 hormone 8 )/insulin
6 ( 8 )/insulin
7 gh 8 )/insulin
8 )/insulin 9 -
9 - 12 factor
9 - 21 stimulates
10 like 11 growth
10 like 12 factor
12 factor 14 i
12 factor 17 -
12 factor 21 stimulates
15 ( 17 -
16 igf 17 -
17 - 18 i
17 - 19 )
21 stimulates 23 synthesis
21 stimulates 24 in
22 collagen 23 synthesis
24 in 26 and
25 tendon 26 and
26 and 28 muscle
26 and 29 ,
26 and 32 studies
26 and 38 reducing
27 skeletal 28 muscle
31 no 32 studies
32 studies 33 have
33 have 34 investigated
34 investigated 36 effect
35 the 36 effect
36 effect 37 of
37 of 38 reducing
38 reducing 39 igf
39 igf 42 on
40 - 42 on
42 on 44 synthesis
42 on 48 .
43 collagen 44 synthesis
44 synthesis 45 in
45 in 47 humans
46 healthy 47 humans

objective : we hypothesised [,] that a gh blockade would decrease igf - i and collagen synthesis in the connective tissue of skeletal muscle and tendon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 hypothesised
2 : 13 -
3 we 4 hypothesised
4 hypothesised 6 that
6 that 9 blockade
6 that 11 decrease
7 a 9 blockade
8 gh 9 blockade
9 blockade 10 would
10 would 11 decrease
11 decrease 12 igf
13 - 15 and
14 i 15 and
15 and 17 synthesis
15 and 18 in
15 and 22 of
16 collagen 17 synthesis
18 in 21 tissue
19 the 21 tissue
20 connective 21 tissue
22 of 25 and
23 skeletal 24 muscle
24 muscle 25 and
25 and 26 tendon

design : the study was randomised and [double] blinded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 was
2 : 10 .
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 7 and
6 randomised 7 and
7 and 9 blinded

participants : 20 healthy young males completed the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 males
2 : 7 completed
2 : 10 .
3 20 6 males
4 healthy 6 males
5 young 6 males
6 males 7 completed
7 completed 9 study
8 the 9 study

intervention : the participants [were] randomised to 2 weeks of gh receptor blocker supplementation ( pegvisomant , 5 mg/day , n=9 ) or placebo ( n=11 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 intervention 2 :
2 : 23 or
3 the 4 participants
4 participants 6 randomised
4 participants 10 of
4 participants 23 or
6 randomised 7 to
7 to 9 weeks
8 2 9 weeks
10 of 14 supplementation
11 gh 13 blocker
12 receptor 13 blocker
13 blocker 14 supplementation
14 supplementation 21 n=9
15 ( 21 n=9
16 pegvisomant 19 mg/day
16 pegvisomant 21 n=9
17 , 19 mg/day
18 5 19 mg/day
19 mg/day 20 ,
21 n=9 22 )
23 or 24 placebo
23 or 26 n=11
25 ( 26 n=11
26 n=11 27 )

main outcome measures : serum levels of gh , igf - i and igf - binding protein 3 ( igfbp - 3 ) were measured before and after pegvisomant/placebo supplementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 6 levels
5 serum 6 levels
6 levels 7 of
6 levels 10 igf
6 levels 13 and
7 of 8 gh
9 , 10 igf
10 igf 11 -
11 - 13 and
12 i 13 and
13 and 14 igf
13 and 15 -
15 - 16 binding
15 - 24 were
16 binding 17 protein
16 binding 24 were
18 3 20 igfbp
18 3 24 were
19 ( 20 igfbp
20 igfbp 22 3
20 igfbp 23 )
21 - 22 3
22 3 23 )
24 were 25 measured
25 measured 27 and
26 before 27 and
27 and 28 after
28 after 30 supplementation
29 pegvisomant/placebo 30 supplementation

results : pegvisomant decreased serum igf [-] i by 20 % ( p<0.01 ) and serum igfbp - 3 by 10 % ( p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 15 and
3 pegvisomant 4 decreased
4 decreased 6 igf
5 serum 6 igf
6 igf 8 i
6 igf 9 by
6 igf 15 and
9 by 11 %
10 20 11 %
11 % 13 p<0.01
12 ( 13 p<0.01
13 p<0.01 14 )
15 and 17 igfbp
15 and 19 3
16 serum 17 igfbp
18 - 19 3
19 3 20 by
19 3 25 )
20 by 22 %
21 10 22 %
22 % 24 p<0.05
23 ( 24 p<0.05
24 p<0.05 25 )

pegvisomant supplementation had no effect on collagen synthesis in tendon [and] skeletal muscle , nor was muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis affected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 pegvisomant 2 supplementation
2 supplementation 3 had
3 had 5 effect
3 had 6 on
3 had 9 in
4 no 5 effect
6 on 8 synthesis
7 collagen 8 synthesis
9 in 13 muscle
10 tendon 13 muscle
12 skeletal 13 muscle
14 , 15 nor
14 , 16 was
15 nor 16 was
16 was 17 muscle
16 was 20 synthesis
18 myofibrillar 19 protein
19 protein 20 synthesis
20 synthesis 21 affected

similarly , pegvisomant supplementation had no effect on mrna expression of igf - i and collagen in skeletal muscle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 4 supplementation
3 pegvisomant 4 supplementation
4 supplementation 5 had
5 had 7 effect
5 had 8 on
6 no 7 effect
8 on 10 expression
9 mrna 10 expression
10 expression 11 of
11 of 12 igf
13 - 15 and
13 - 20 .
14 i 15 and
15 and 16 collagen
15 and 17 in
17 in 19 muscle
18 skeletal 19 muscle

conclusion : gh receptor blocker administration in healthy humans resulted in a moderate decrease in serum igf [-] i . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 6 administration
2 : 10 resulted
3 gh 4 receptor
4 receptor 6 administration
5 blocker 6 administration
6 administration 7 in
6 administration 10 resulted
7 in 9 humans
8 healthy 9 humans
10 resulted 11 in
10 resulted 15 in
11 in 14 decrease
12 a 13 moderate
12 a 14 decrease
13 moderate 14 decrease
15 in 17 igf
16 serum 17 igf
17 igf 19 i

collagen synthesis [in] tendon and skeletal muscle , as well as skeletal muscle igf - i and collagen mrna expression , was unaffected by gh receptor blocker supplementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tendon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 collagen 4 tendon
2 synthesis 4 tendon
5 and 7 muscle
5 and 22 was
6 skeletal 7 muscle
7 muscle 11 as
7 muscle 17 and
7 muscle 22 was
8 , 11 as
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 14 igf
11 as 15 -
12 skeletal 14 igf
13 muscle 14 igf
15 - 17 and
16 i 17 and
17 and 20 expression
17 and 21 ,
18 collagen 20 expression
19 mrna 20 expression
22 was 23 unaffected
23 unaffected 24 by
24 by 28 supplementation
25 gh 28 supplementation
26 receptor 28 supplementation
27 blocker 28 supplementation

background : skin maceration is recognized as a risk factor for the development of certain skin lesions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 maceration
2 : 6 recognized
2 : 18 .
3 skin 4 maceration
4 maceration 5 is
5 is 6 recognized
6 recognized 7 as
7 as 10 factor
8 a 10 factor
9 risk 10 factor
10 factor 11 for
11 for 13 development
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 of
14 of 17 lesions
15 certain 16 skin
16 skin 17 lesions

in health care settings , incontinence - associated skin maceration is highly prevalent in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 4 settings
1 in 11 is
2 health 4 settings
3 care 4 settings
4 settings 6 incontinence
5 , 6 incontinence
6 incontinence 7 -
8 associated 9 skin
9 skin 10 maceration
10 maceration 11 is
11 is 13 prevalent
12 highly 13 prevalent
13 prevalent 14 in
14 in 16 elderly
15 the 16 elderly

however , the effect of senescence on maceration has not been fully elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 9 has
5 of 6 senescence
6 senescence 7 on
7 on 8 maceration
9 has 10 not
9 has 11 been
11 been 12 fully
11 been 13 elucidated

objective : to reveal the enhancement of the maceration - induced ultrastructural alteration and barrier function of the epidermis by aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 reveal
2 : 10 -
3 to 4 reveal
4 reveal 6 enhancement
5 the 6 enhancement
6 enhancement 7 of
7 of 9 maceration
8 the 9 maceration
10 - 14 and
10 - 22 .
11 induced 13 alteration
12 ultrastructural 13 alteration
13 alteration 14 and
14 and 16 function
14 and 17 of
15 barrier 16 function
17 of 19 epidermis
18 the 19 epidermis
19 epidermis 20 by
20 by 21 aging

methods : skin maceration was reproduced by exposure to agarose gel in human and rat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 maceration
2 : 6 reproduced
2 : 16 .
3 skin 4 maceration
4 maceration 5 was
5 was 6 reproduced
6 reproduced 7 by
7 by 8 exposure
8 exposure 9 to
8 exposure 12 in
9 to 11 gel
10 agarose 11 gel
12 in 14 and
13 human 14 and
14 and 15 rat

the ultrastructural alterations in human and rat tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 alterations
2 ultrastructural 3 alterations
3 alterations 4 in
3 alterations 9 were
4 in 6 and
5 human 6 and
6 and 8 tissue
7 rat 8 tissue
9 were 10 observed
10 observed 11 by
11 by 14 microscopy
12 transmission 14 microscopy
13 electron 14 microscopy

the skin barrier function was evaluated by noninvasive methods in [human] , and by the transdermal penetration of small - and large - fluorescent molecules [in] rat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 4 function
2 skin 4 function
3 barrier 4 function
4 function 5 was
5 was 6 evaluated
6 evaluated 7 by
6 evaluated 13 and
7 by 9 methods
8 noninvasive 9 methods
10 in 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 by
13 and 17 penetration
15 the 17 penetration
16 transdermal 17 penetration
17 penetration 18 of
18 of 21 and
19 small 21 and
20 - 21 and
21 and 27 rat
22 large 23 -
22 large 25 molecules
24 fluorescent 25 molecules
25 molecules 27 rat

in order to reveal the effect of aging on the skin maceration , we compared these parameters between young and aged rats . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 13 ,
1 in 14 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 reveal
3 to 4 reveal
4 reveal 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 aging
8 aging 9 on
9 on 12 maceration
10 the 12 maceration
11 skin 12 maceration
14 we 15 compared
15 compared 17 parameters
15 compared 18 between
16 these 17 parameters
18 between 22 rats
19 young 20 and
20 and 21 aged
20 and 22 rats

results : in macerated skin , we observed expansion of the interstices of the stratum corneum , spinosum , and basale of the epidermis [;] disruption of the intercellular lipid structure in the stratum corneum ; a decreased number of cell processes in the stratum spinosum and basale . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 skin
4 macerated 5 skin
6 , 7 we
6 , 8 observed
6 , 36 ;
7 we 8 observed
8 observed 20 and
8 observed 32 in
9 expansion 10 of
9 expansion 20 and
10 of 12 interstices
11 the 12 interstices
12 interstices 13 of
13 of 16 corneum
14 the 16 corneum
15 stratum 16 corneum
16 corneum 18 spinosum
17 , 18 spinosum
18 spinosum 19 ,
20 and 21 basale
20 and 27 of
21 basale 22 of
22 of 26 disruption
23 the 26 disruption
24 epidermis 26 disruption
27 of 31 structure
28 the 31 structure
29 intercellular 30 lipid
30 lipid 31 structure
32 in 35 corneum
33 the 35 corneum
34 stratum 35 corneum
36 ; 47 and
37 a 39 number
38 decreased 39 number
39 number 40 of
39 number 47 and
40 of 42 processes
41 cell 42 processes
42 processes 43 in
43 in 46 spinosum
44 the 46 spinosum
45 stratum 46 spinosum
47 and 48 basale

the transdermal penetration test in the rat using two types of fluorescein indicated that maceration disrupted skin barrier function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 test
2 transdermal 3 penetration
3 penetration 4 test
4 test 5 in
4 test 13 indicated
5 in 7 rat
6 the 7 rat
7 rat 8 using
7 rat 11 of
8 using 10 types
9 two 10 types
11 of 12 fluorescein
13 indicated 19 function
14 that 19 function
15 maceration 16 disrupted
16 disrupted 17 skin
17 skin 19 function
18 barrier 19 function

furthermore , senescence [-] enhanced ultrastructural and functional alterations were revealed in the rodent studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 and
3 senescence 5 enhanced
3 senescence 7 and
5 enhanced 6 ultrastructural
7 and 9 alterations
7 and 10 were
8 functional 9 alterations
10 were 11 revealed
11 revealed 12 in
12 in 15 studies
13 the 15 studies
14 rodent 15 studies

conclusion : this study demonstrates that aging enhances skin maceration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 demonstrates
2 : 11 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 demonstrates
5 demonstrates 6 that
6 that 7 aging
6 that 8 enhances
7 aging 8 enhances
8 enhances 10 maceration
9 skin 10 maceration

considering that maceration is a risk factor for the skin damage , the development of technology to promote skin barrier recovery after maceration in the elderly is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 considering 2 that
1 considering 12 ,
1 considering 14 development
2 that 3 maceration
2 that 4 is
3 maceration 4 is
4 is 7 factor
5 a 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor
7 factor 8 for
8 for 11 damage
9 the 11 damage
10 skin 11 damage
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
14 development 17 to
14 development 18 promote
14 development 27 is
15 of 16 technology
17 to 18 promote
18 promote 21 recovery
18 promote 22 after
18 promote 24 in
19 skin 20 barrier
20 barrier 21 recovery
22 after 23 maceration
24 in 26 elderly
25 the 26 elderly
27 is 28 warranted

purpose : the aim of the study was to investigate possible linear [intra] - bone geometry dependencies by determining the relation between the maximum radius length and maximum distal width in two independent populations and test for possible gender or age effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 31 in
8 was 37 for
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 17 dependencies
11 possible 15 bone
12 linear 14 -
12 linear 15 bone
15 bone 16 geometry
16 geometry 17 dependencies
17 dependencies 18 by
17 dependencies 22 between
18 by 19 determining
19 determining 21 relation
20 the 21 relation
22 between 27 and
23 the 26 length
24 maximum 26 length
25 radius 26 length
26 length 27 and
27 and 30 width
28 maximum 30 width
29 distal 30 width
31 in 35 and
32 two 34 populations
33 independent 34 populations
34 populations 35 and
35 and 36 test
37 for 40 or
38 possible 39 gender
39 gender 40 or
40 or 42 effects
41 age 42 effects

a strong correlation can help develop more representative fracture models and osteosynthetic devices as well as aid gender and height estimation in anthropologic/forensic cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 strong
1 a 3 correlation
2 strong 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 can
4 can 5 help
5 help 6 develop
6 develop 11 and
6 develop 15 well
6 develop 16 as
7 more 10 models
8 representative 9 fracture
9 fracture 10 models
10 models 11 and
11 and 13 devices
12 osteosynthetic 13 devices
14 as 15 well
16 as 19 and
17 aid 18 gender
18 gender 19 and
19 and 21 estimation
19 and 22 in
20 height 21 estimation
22 in 24 cases
23 anthropologic/forensic 24 cases

methods : first , maximum radius length and distal width of 100 consecutive patients , aged 20 - 70 years , were digitally measured on standard lower arm [radiographs] [by] two independent investigators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 first
4 , 8 and
4 , 21 ,
5 maximum 6 radius
6 radius 7 length
7 length 8 and
8 and 10 width
8 and 15 ,
8 and 21 ,
9 distal 10 width
10 width 11 of
11 of 14 patients
12 100 14 patients
13 consecutive 14 patients
16 aged 18 -
16 aged 20 years
16 aged 21 ,
17 20 18 -
18 - 19 70
21 , 22 were
22 were 24 measured
23 digitally 24 measured
24 measured 25 on
25 on 33 investigators
26 standard 33 investigators
27 lower 28 arm
28 arm 33 investigators
31 two 32 independent
32 independent 33 investigators

second , the same measurements were performed ex vivo on a second cohort , 135 isolated , formalin fixed radii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 5 measurements
3 the 4 same
3 the 5 measurements
5 measurements 6 were
6 were 7 performed
7 performed 9 vivo
7 performed 10 on
8 ex 9 vivo
10 on 13 cohort
11 a 13 cohort
12 second 13 cohort
14 , 20 radii
15 135 20 radii
16 isolated 17 ,
16 isolated 18 formalin
18 formalin 19 fixed
19 fixed 20 radii

standard descriptive statistics as well as correlations were calculated and possible gender age influences tested for both populations separately . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 standard 3 statistics
2 descriptive 3 statistics
3 statistics 4 as
3 statistics 10 and
4 as 5 well
5 well 9 calculated
6 as 7 correlations
6 as 9 calculated
7 correlations 8 were
8 were 9 calculated
10 and 12 gender
10 and 13 age
11 possible 12 gender
13 age 14 influences
14 influences 15 tested
15 tested 16 for
15 tested 19 separately
16 for 18 populations
17 both 18 populations

results : the radiographic dataset resulted in a correlation of radius length and width of r=0.753 ( adj . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 dataset
2 : 6 resulted
3 the 5 dataset
4 radiographic 5 dataset
5 dataset 6 resulted
6 resulted 7 in
7 in 9 correlation
8 a 9 correlation
9 correlation 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 radius 12 length
12 length 13 and
13 and 14 width
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 r=0.753
16 r=0.753 18 adj
17 ( 18 adj
18 adj 19 .

[r] [(] 2 )=0.563 , p<0.001 [ )(with sex having a significant ( p=0.005 , adj . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 )=0.563
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 p<0.001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
3 2 4 )=0.563
5 , 6 p<0.001
6 p<0.001 8 )(with
8 )(with 9 sex
9 sex 10 having
10 having 16 adj
11 a 12 significant
11 a 16 adj
12 significant 14 p=0.005
12 significant 15 ,
12 significant 16 adj
13 ( 14 p=0.005
14 p=0.005 15 ,

r ( [2] [ 0 [ )(and side no influence on the correlation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 [
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 correlation
1 r 6 [
2 ( 6 [
6 [ 9 no
6 [ 10 influence
7 )(and 9 no
8 side 9 no
10 influence 12 the
11 on 12 the

radius length - width [correlation] for the isolated radii was r=0.621 ( adj . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 radius 2 length
3 - 4 width
3 - 10 was
4 width 6 for
4 width 10 was
6 for 9 radii
7 the 9 radii
8 isolated 9 radii
10 was 11 r=0.621
11 r=0.621 13 adj
12 ( 13 adj
13 adj 14 .

[r] [(] 2 )=0.381 , p<0.001 [ )(with sex significantly influencing this correlation ( p<0.001 , adj . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 )=0.381
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 p<0.001
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
3 2 4 )=0.381
5 , 6 p<0.001
6 p<0.001 8 )(with
8 )(with 9 sex
8 )(with 17 adj
9 sex 11 influencing
10 significantly 11 influencing
11 influencing 13 correlation
12 this 13 correlation
13 correlation 15 p<0.001
14 ( 15 p<0.001
15 p<0.001 16 ,

[r] [(] 2 )=0.598 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 )=0.598
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 )(
3 2 4 )=0.598

conclusion : a relatively strong radius length - distal width [correlation] was found in two different populations , indicating that linear body proportions might not only apply to body height and axial length measurements of long bones but also to proportional dependency of bone shapes in general . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 7 length
3 a 7 length
4 relatively 5 strong
5 strong 7 length
6 radius 7 length
8 - 10 width
8 - 18 ,
9 distal 10 width
10 width 12 was
12 was 18 ,
13 found 14 in
13 found 17 populations
13 found 18 ,
15 two 17 populations
16 different 17 populations
18 , 27 apply
18 , 38 but
19 indicating 23 proportions
19 indicating 24 might
20 that 21 linear
21 linear 22 body
22 body 23 proportions
24 might 25 not
24 might 27 apply
26 only 27 apply
28 to 31 and
28 to 38 but
29 body 30 height
30 height 31 and
31 and 34 measurements
31 and 35 of
32 axial 33 length
33 length 34 measurements
35 of 37 bones
36 long 37 bones
38 but 39 also
38 but 40 to
40 to 42 dependency
41 proportional 42 dependency
42 dependency 43 of
43 of 45 shapes
44 bone 45 shapes
45 shapes 47 general
46 in 47 general

it is unknown whether lifestyle , including mental stimulation , and appropriate training interventions , may directly improve spatial navigation performance and its underlying neural substrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 unknown
3 unknown 4 whether
4 whether 5 lifestyle
4 whether 18 improve
5 lifestyle 7 including
5 lifestyle 16 may
6 , 7 including
7 including 11 and
7 including 15 ,
8 mental 9 stimulation
9 stimulation 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 interventions
12 appropriate 13 training
13 training 14 interventions
16 may 18 improve
17 directly 18 improve
18 improve 22 and
19 spatial 20 navigation
20 navigation 21 performance
21 performance 22 and
22 and 26 substrates
23 its 26 substrates
24 underlying 26 substrates
25 neural 26 substrates

here we report that healthy younger and older men performing a cognitively demanding spatial navigation task every other day over 4 months display navigation - related gains in performance and stable hippocampal volumes that were maintained 4 months after termination of training . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 maintained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 report
3 report 9 men
4 that 5 healthy
5 healthy 9 men
6 younger 7 and
7 and 8 older
7 and 9 men
9 men 10 performing
10 performing 16 task
11 a 12 cognitively
11 a 16 task
12 cognitively 13 demanding
14 spatial 15 navigation
15 navigation 16 task
17 every 18 other
18 other 19 day
19 day 22 months
19 day 23 display
19 day 36 maintained
20 over 21 4
21 4 22 months
22 months 23 display
23 display 24 navigation
25 - 26 related
26 related 30 and
26 related 36 maintained
27 gains 28 in
27 gains 30 and
28 in 29 performance
30 and 33 volumes
30 and 34 that
30 and 35 were
31 stable 33 volumes
32 hippocampal 33 volumes
34 that 35 were
36 maintained 39 after
37 4 38 months
38 months 39 after
39 after 40 termination
40 termination 41 of
41 of 42 training

in contrast , control groups displayed volume [decrements] consistent with longitudinal estimates of age - related decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 displayed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 groups
4 control 5 groups
5 groups 6 displayed
6 displayed 7 volume
7 volume 9 consistent
9 consistent 10 with
10 with 12 estimates
11 longitudinal 12 estimates
12 estimates 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 - 17 decline
15 - 18 .
16 related 17 decline

hippocampal barrier density , as indicated by mean diffusivity estimated from diffusion tensor imaging , showed a quadratic shape of increased density after training followed by a return to baseline in the right hippocampus , but declined in the control groups and in the left hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 hippocampal 2 barrier
2 barrier 3 density
4 , 19 shape
4 , 36 but
5 as 15 ,
5 as 19 shape
6 indicated 7 by
6 indicated 14 imaging
6 indicated 15 ,
7 by 9 diffusivity
8 mean 9 diffusivity
9 diffusivity 10 estimated
9 diffusivity 11 from
11 from 12 diffusion
13 tensor 14 imaging
15 , 16 showed
17 a 18 quadratic
17 a 19 shape
18 quadratic 19 shape
19 shape 20 of
19 shape 36 but
20 of 22 density
21 increased 22 density
22 density 23 after
23 after 24 training
25 followed 26 by
25 followed 28 return
25 followed 31 in
25 followed 36 but
27 a 28 return
28 return 29 to
29 to 30 baseline
31 in 34 hippocampus
32 the 34 hippocampus
33 right 34 hippocampus
35 , 36 but
36 but 37 declined
37 declined 42 and
38 in 41 groups
38 in 42 and
39 the 41 groups
40 control 41 groups
42 and 43 in
43 in 46 hippocampus
44 the 46 hippocampus
45 left 46 hippocampus

we conclude that sustained experiential demands on spatial ability protect hippocampal integrity against age - related decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 6 demands
3 that 10 protect
4 sustained 6 demands
5 experiential 6 demands
6 demands 7 on
6 demands 10 protect
7 on 9 ability
8 spatial 9 ability
10 protect 12 integrity
10 protect 13 against
11 hippocampal 12 integrity
13 against 14 age
15 - 17 decline
15 - 18 .
16 related 17 decline

these results provide the first longitudinal evidence indicating that spatial navigation experience modifies hippocampal volumes in humans , and confirm epidemiological results suggesting that mental stimulation may have direct effects on neural integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 19 and
3 provide 7 evidence
3 provide 16 in
3 provide 19 and
4 the 5 first
4 the 7 evidence
6 longitudinal 7 evidence
7 evidence 8 indicating
7 evidence 12 experience
7 evidence 13 modifies
8 indicating 11 navigation
9 that 11 navigation
10 spatial 11 navigation
12 experience 13 modifies
13 modifies 15 volumes
14 hippocampal 15 volumes
16 in 17 humans
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 confirm
20 confirm 22 results
20 confirm 31 on
21 epidemiological 22 results
22 results 23 suggesting
23 suggesting 24 that
24 that 26 stimulation
24 that 28 have
25 mental 26 stimulation
26 stimulation 27 may
27 may 28 have
28 have 30 effects
29 direct 30 effects
31 on 33 integrity
32 neural 33 integrity

the critical commentaries following [our] review of the epigenetics of alzheimer 's disease [(] ad [ )(amplify a number of key points with respect to the role of 1 - carbon metabolism , the phenomenon of allele - specific methylation , the potentially critical explanatory link provided by epigenetic mechanisms for genome - wide association and large - scale gene expression array studies , and new therapeutic approaches afforded by epigenetic manipulation in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 's
1 the 6 review
2 critical 3 commentaries
3 commentaries 4 following
4 following 6 review
6 review 7 of
6 review 10 of
6 review 12 's
7 of 9 epigenetics
8 the 9 epigenetics
10 of 11 alzheimer
12 's 13 disease
12 's 23 with
13 disease 15 ad
13 disease 17 )(amplify
15 ad 17 )(amplify
17 )(amplify 19 number
18 a 19 number
19 number 20 of
20 of 22 points
21 key 22 points
23 with 24 respect
23 with 35 phenomenon
24 respect 25 to
24 respect 28 of
25 to 27 role
26 the 27 role
28 of 29 1
29 1 32 metabolism
30 - 32 metabolism
31 carbon 32 metabolism
32 metabolism 33 ,
34 the 35 phenomenon
35 phenomenon 36 of
35 phenomenon 46 link
35 phenomenon 47 provided
36 of 37 allele
37 allele 40 methylation
38 - 40 methylation
39 specific 40 methylation
40 methylation 41 ,
42 the 46 link
43 potentially 44 critical
44 critical 46 link
45 explanatory 46 link
46 link 47 provided
47 provided 48 by
48 by 50 mechanisms
49 epigenetic 50 mechanisms
50 mechanisms 51 for
50 mechanisms 58 -
51 for 52 genome
53 - 58 -
54 wide 55 association
55 association 56 and
56 and 57 large
56 and 58 -
58 - 65 and
59 scale 61 expression
60 gene 61 expression
61 expression 63 studies
62 array 63 studies
63 studies 65 and
64 , 65 and
65 and 68 approaches
65 and 77 .
66 new 68 approaches
67 therapeutic 68 approaches
68 approaches 69 afforded
69 afforded 70 by
70 by 72 manipulation
71 epigenetic 72 manipulation
72 manipulation 73 in
73 in 76 disease
74 alzheimer 75 's
75 's 76 disease

epigenetics is the study [of] mitotically heritable , but reversible , changes in gene expression brought about principally through alterations in dna methylation and chromatin structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epigenetics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 epigenetics 2 is
2 is 4 study
2 is 6 mitotically
2 is 9 but
3 the 4 study
7 heritable 9 but
8 , 9 but
9 but 10 reversible
11 , 12 changes
11 , 16 brought
12 changes 13 in
12 changes 16 brought
13 in 15 expression
14 gene 15 expression
16 brought 17 about
17 about 24 and
18 principally 19 through
19 through 20 alterations
20 alterations 21 in
20 alterations 24 and
21 in 23 methylation
22 dna 23 methylation
24 and 26 structure
25 chromatin 26 structure

the comprehensive review [by] mastroeni et al . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 comprehensive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 2 comprehensive
2 comprehensive 3 review
3 review 7 al
5 mastroeni 7 al
6 et 7 al

[(] mastroeni , d ..y [,] grover , a ..y [,] delvaux , e ..y [,] whiteside , c ..y [,] coleman , p ..y [,] rogers , j ..y [,] 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mastroeni
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
3 , 4 d
3 , 5 ..y
3 , 8 ,
4 d 5 ..y
5 ..y 7 grover
8 , 9 a
8 , 10 ..y
8 , 13 ,
9 a 10 ..y
10 ..y 12 delvaux
13 , 14 e
13 , 15 ..y
13 , 18 ,
14 e 15 ..y
15 ..y 17 whiteside
18 , 19 c
18 , 20 ..y
18 , 23 ,
19 c 20 ..y
20 ..y 22 coleman
23 , 24 p
23 , 25 ..y
23 , 28 ,
24 p 25 ..y
25 ..y 27 rogers
28 , 29 j
28 , 30 ..y
29 j 30 ..y
30 ..y 32 2010

epigenetic [mechanisms] in alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epigenetic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 epigenetic 3 in
1 epigenetic 5 's
3 in 4 alzheimer
5 's 6 disease

neurobiol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neurobiol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 .

aging , doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.08.017 [ )(in this issue describes mounting evidence for an involvement of epigenetic alterations in the etiology of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , highlighting the potential of epigenomic approaches for uncovering novel molecular pathways involved in pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.08.017
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 describes
1 aging 2 ,
1 aging 3 doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.08.017
3 doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.08.017 5 )(in
3 doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.08.017 8 describes
5 )(in 7 issue
6 this 7 issue
8 describes 10 evidence
9 mounting 10 evidence
10 evidence 11 for
10 evidence 20 of
11 for 13 involvement
12 an 13 involvement
13 involvement 14 of
14 of 16 alterations
15 epigenetic 16 alterations
16 alterations 17 in
17 in 19 etiology
18 the 19 etiology
20 of 23 disease
21 alzheimer 22 's
22 's 23 disease
23 disease 25 ad
23 disease 28 highlighting
24 ( 25 ad
25 ad 26 )
27 , 28 highlighting
28 highlighting 30 potential
28 highlighting 42 .
29 the 30 potential
30 potential 31 of
30 potential 34 for
30 potential 40 in
31 of 33 approaches
32 epigenomic 33 approaches
34 for 35 uncovering
35 uncovering 38 pathways
36 novel 38 pathways
37 molecular 38 pathways
38 pathways 39 involved
40 in 41 pathology

here , we briefly describe some methodological issues related to epigenomic studies using postmortem brain tissue in alzheimer 's disease , and argue for an integrated genetic - epigenetic approach to disease etiology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 22 and
4 briefly 5 describe
5 describe 8 issues
5 describe 13 using
5 describe 22 and
6 some 8 issues
7 methodological 8 issues
8 issues 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 12 studies
11 epigenomic 12 studies
13 using 16 tissue
13 using 17 in
14 postmortem 16 tissue
15 brain 16 tissue
17 in 20 disease
18 alzheimer 19 's
19 's 20 disease
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 argue
22 and 31 to
22 and 33 etiology
23 argue 24 for
24 for 30 approach
25 an 30 approach
26 integrated 30 approach
27 genetic 28 -
27 genetic 30 approach
29 epigenetic 30 approach
31 to 32 disease

silent information regulator 2 ( sir2/sirt1 ) , a member of the sirtuin family of class iii histone deacetylases , has been implicated extensively in lifespan extension and is a prominent drug target in antiaging medicine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regulator
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 silent 2 information
2 information 3 regulator
3 regulator 4 2
3 regulator 6 sir2/sirt1
3 regulator 10 member
3 regulator 28 and
5 ( 6 sir2/sirt1
6 sir2/sirt1 7 )
8 , 10 member
9 a 10 member
10 member 11 of
10 member 20 ,
11 of 14 family
12 the 14 family
13 sirtuin 14 family
14 family 15 of
15 of 16 class
16 class 17 iii
16 class 18 histone
16 class 19 deacetylases
18 histone 19 deacetylases
21 has 22 been
21 has 28 and
22 been 23 implicated
23 implicated 24 extensively
23 implicated 25 in
25 in 27 extension
26 lifespan 27 extension
28 and 29 is
28 and 34 in
28 and 36 medicine
29 is 33 target
30 a 31 prominent
30 a 33 target
31 prominent 32 drug
32 drug 33 target
34 in 35 antiaging

the mammalian sirt1 has multiple targets , which include histones , transcription factors , and other molecules that collectively modulate energy metabolism , stress response , and cell/tissue survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sirt1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 sirt1
2 mammalian 3 sirt1
3 sirt1 4 has
4 has 6 targets
5 multiple 6 targets
6 targets 8 which
7 , 8 which
8 which 9 include
8 which 14 ,
9 include 10 histones
10 histones 13 factors
11 , 13 factors
12 transcription 13 factors
13 factors 14 ,
15 and 17 molecules
15 and 20 modulate
16 other 17 molecules
17 molecules 20 modulate
18 that 19 collectively
19 collectively 20 modulate
20 modulate 27 and
21 energy 22 metabolism
22 metabolism 23 ,
23 , 25 response
23 , 27 and
24 stress 25 response
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 survival
28 cell/tissue 29 survival

several of sirt1 's substrates regulate key metabolic processes , and sirt1 activation may underlie the lifespan prolonging effect [of] caloric restriction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 several 2 of
1 several 11 and
2 of 5 substrates
3 sirt1 4 's
4 's 5 substrates
6 regulate 9 processes
6 regulate 11 and
7 key 9 processes
8 metabolic 9 processes
10 , 11 and
11 and 15 underlie
12 sirt1 13 activation
13 activation 14 may
14 may 15 underlie
15 underlie 22 restriction
16 the 22 restriction
17 lifespan 22 restriction
18 prolonging 22 restriction
19 effect 22 restriction
21 caloric 22 restriction

recent studies have also identified multifaceted protective roles for sirt1 against cellular senescence and stress in the neural , cardiovascular , and renal systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 recent 2 studies
1 recent 3 have
1 recent 5 identified
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 also
5 identified 8 roles
6 multifaceted 8 roles
7 protective 8 roles
8 roles 9 for
8 roles 16 in
9 for 14 and
10 sirt1 11 against
10 sirt1 14 and
11 against 13 senescence
12 cellular 13 senescence
14 and 15 stress
16 in 24 systems
17 the 24 systems
18 neural 19 ,
19 , 20 cardiovascular
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 renal
22 and 24 systems

sirt1 's activity in multiple tissues may decline with aging , and sustaining or reactivating this activity seems [invariably] beneficial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 sirt1 2 's
2 's 3 activity
3 activity 4 in
3 activity 7 may
4 in 6 tissues
5 multiple 6 tissues
7 may 8 decline
8 decline 9 with
9 with 12 and
10 aging 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 sustaining
14 or 15 reactivating
14 or 18 seems
15 reactivating 17 activity
15 reactivating 18 seems
16 this 17 activity
18 seems 20 beneficial

several studies also point towards a general tumor suppressive role for sirt1 , at least in the context of certain human cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 point
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 4 point
3 also 4 point
4 point 5 towards
5 towards 10 role
6 a 7 general
6 a 10 role
7 general 8 tumor
8 tumor 10 role
9 suppressive 10 role
10 role 11 for
11 for 12 sirt1
12 sirt1 16 in
13 , 15 least
13 , 16 in
14 at 15 least
16 in 18 context
16 in 23 .
17 the 18 context
18 context 19 of
19 of 22 cancers
20 certain 22 cancers
21 human 22 cancers

development of sirt1 - based therapeutic interventions against systemic aging and aging - associated diseases will benefit from a thorough understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms of diseases as well as metabolic connections between different tissues and organs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 development 2 of
1 development 14 associated
2 of 3 sirt1
3 sirt1 11 and
4 - 11 and
5 based 7 interventions
6 therapeutic 7 interventions
7 interventions 8 against
7 interventions 11 and
8 against 10 aging
9 systemic 10 aging
11 and 12 aging
11 and 13 -
14 associated 15 diseases
15 diseases 16 will
16 will 17 benefit
17 benefit 18 from
17 benefit 28 as
18 from 21 understanding
19 a 20 thorough
19 a 21 understanding
20 thorough 21 understanding
21 understanding 22 of
22 of 23 underlying
23 underlying 25 mechanisms
24 pathological 25 mechanisms
25 mechanisms 26 of
26 of 27 diseases
28 as 32 connections
29 well 31 metabolic
30 as 31 metabolic
31 metabolic 32 connections
32 connections 33 between
33 between 36 and
34 different 35 tissues
35 tissues 36 and
36 and 37 organs

none none ample evidence suggests that infection with cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) leads to accelerated aging of the immune system and may contribute to poor responsiveness to influenza vaccination in older persons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 none 4 evidence
1 none 14 to
1 none 21 and
2 none 3 ample
3 ample 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 6 that
6 that 7 infection
6 that 13 leads
7 infection 8 with
7 infection 11 cmv
7 infection 13 leads
8 with 9 cytomegalovirus
10 ( 11 cmv
11 cmv 12 )
13 leads 14 to
15 accelerated 16 aging
15 accelerated 21 and
16 aging 17 of
17 of 20 system
18 the 20 system
19 immune 20 system
21 and 22 may
21 and 27 to
21 and 30 in
22 may 23 contribute
23 contribute 24 to
24 to 26 responsiveness
25 poor 26 responsiveness
27 to 29 vaccination
28 influenza 29 vaccination
30 in 32 persons
31 older 32 persons

the objective of this study was to investigate whether cmv [infection] , acquired earlier in life , affects the response to influenza vaccination in a randomized controlled trial among older persons in long - term care facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 whether
8 investigate 24 in
8 investigate 32 in
9 whether 10 cmv
9 whether 18 affects
10 cmv 13 acquired
10 cmv 18 affects
12 , 13 acquired
13 acquired 14 earlier
13 acquired 15 in
13 acquired 17 ,
15 in 16 life
18 affects 20 response
18 affects 21 to
19 the 20 response
21 to 23 vaccination
22 influenza 23 vaccination
24 in 28 trial
25 a 28 trial
26 randomized 28 trial
27 controlled 28 trial
28 trial 29 among
29 among 31 persons
30 older 31 persons
32 in 37 facilities
33 long 34 -
33 long 35 term
35 term 37 facilities
36 care 37 facilities

blood samples were collected at day 0 , day 25 , day 84 and day 109 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 blood 2 samples
2 samples 3 were
3 were 4 collected
4 collected 5 at
5 at 14 and
6 day 7 0
6 day 8 ,
8 , 9 day
8 , 11 ,
9 day 10 25
11 , 12 day
11 , 14 and
12 day 13 84
14 and 15 day
15 day 16 109

seroresponses to influenza vaccination were measured by hemagglutination - inhibition tests to the a/h3n2 strain at all time points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 seroresponses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 seroresponses 2 to
1 seroresponses 5 were
2 to 4 vaccination
3 influenza 4 vaccination
5 were 6 measured
6 measured 7 by
7 by 8 hemagglutination
9 - 11 tests
9 - 15 strain
9 - 20 .
10 inhibition 11 tests
11 tests 12 to
11 tests 15 strain
12 to 14 a/h3n2
13 the 14 a/h3n2
15 strain 16 at
16 at 19 points
17 all 19 points
18 time 19 points

subsequently , baseline levels of igg anti - [cmv] antibodies were measured using an automated chemiluminescent microparticle [immunoassay] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 microparticle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 subsequently 2 ,
1 subsequently 4 levels
3 baseline 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 12 measured
4 levels 17 microparticle
5 of 6 igg
6 igg 10 antibodies
6 igg 11 were
7 anti 8 -
7 anti 10 antibodies
10 antibodies 11 were
12 measured 13 using
13 using 16 chemiluminescent
14 an 16 chemiluminescent
15 automated 16 chemiluminescent

participants with cmv antibody level≥6 [au/ml] were considered to harbor cmv infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 participants 2 with
1 participants 5 level≥6
1 participants 7 were
1 participants 8 considered
2 with 3 cmv
4 antibody 5 level≥6
5 level≥6 7 were
8 considered 9 to
8 considered 12 infection
9 to 10 harbor
10 harbor 11 cmv

at baseline , no differences in pre - vaccination geometric mean antibody titers [(] [gmt] ) were observed between participants with [(] n=571 , 78.1 % ) or without [cmv] infection ( n=160 , 21.9 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 at 2 baseline
1 at 3 ,
1 at 5 differences
4 no 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 17 were
6 in 7 pre
7 pre 13 titers
8 - 13 titers
9 vaccination 13 titers
10 geometric 11 mean
11 mean 13 titers
12 antibody 13 titers
13 titers 16 )
17 were 18 observed
18 observed 19 between
18 observed 28 or
19 between 20 participants
21 with 23 n=571
21 with 28 or
23 n=571 26 %
24 , 26 %
25 78.1 26 %
26 % 27 )
28 or 29 without
29 without 31 infection
31 infection 33 n=160
32 ( 33 n=160
33 n=160 36 %
33 n=160 37 )
34 , 36 %
35 21.9 36 %
36 % 37 )

[during] follow - up , participants [with] and without cmv infection had similar responses to influenza vaccination as measured with changes in [gmt] [(] linear mixed model , adjusted for gender , age , pre - vaccination [gmt] and vaccination strategy , p=0.46 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
3 - 4 up
3 - 5 ,
5 , 6 participants
5 , 8 and
8 and 11 infection
8 and 12 had
9 without 10 cmv
9 without 11 infection
11 infection 12 had
12 had 14 responses
13 similar 14 responses
14 responses 15 to
14 responses 22 in
15 to 17 vaccination
16 influenza 17 vaccination
17 vaccination 19 measured
18 as 19 measured
19 measured 20 with
20 with 21 changes
22 in 33 age
25 linear 32 ,
25 linear 33 age
26 mixed 27 model
27 model 29 adjusted
28 , 29 adjusted
29 adjusted 30 for
29 adjusted 32 ,
30 for 31 gender
33 age 35 pre
33 age 39 and
34 , 35 pre
35 pre 36 -
36 - 39 and
37 vaccination 39 and
39 and 41 strategy
39 and 43 p=0.46
39 and 45 .
40 vaccination 41 strategy
42 , 43 p=0.46
43 p=0.46 44 )

analogously , no association was found between cmv infection and [a] more than 4 - [fold] increase in antibody titer ( generalized estimating equations , adjusted or 1.14 [ 95%ci 0.80;1.64 ] ) [or] an antibody titer≥40 ( adjusted or 1.24 [ 95%ci 0.86;1.80 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 analogously 2 ,
1 analogously 4 association
3 no 4 association
4 association 5 was
5 was 6 found
6 found 7 between
6 found 10 and
7 between 8 cmv
9 infection 10 and
10 and 12 more
13 than 14 4
13 than 15 -
14 4 15 -
15 - 17 increase
17 increase 18 in
17 increase 37 titer≥40
18 in 20 titer
19 antibody 20 titer
20 titer 24 equations
20 titer 27 or
21 ( 24 equations
22 generalized 24 equations
23 estimating 24 equations
24 equations 25 ,
25 , 27 or
26 adjusted 27 or
27 or 28 1.14
27 or 31 0.80;1.64
27 or 33 )
29 [ 31 0.80;1.64
30 95%ci 31 0.80;1.64
31 0.80;1.64 32 ]
35 an 37 titer≥40
36 antibody 37 titer≥40
37 titer≥40 40 or
38 ( 40 or
39 adjusted 40 or
40 or 41 1.24
40 or 44 0.86;1.80
40 or 46 )
42 [ 44 0.86;1.80
43 95%ci 44 0.86;1.80
44 0.86;1.80 45 ]

in conclusion , cmv [infection] did not explain poor responsiveness to influenza vaccination in residents of long - term care facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 cmv
3 , 8 explain
4 cmv 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 explain
8 explain 10 responsiveness
8 explain 11 to
8 explain 14 in
9 poor 10 responsiveness
11 to 13 vaccination
12 influenza 13 vaccination
14 in 15 residents
15 residents 16 of
16 of 21 facilities
17 long 18 -
17 long 19 term
19 term 21 facilities
20 care 21 facilities

objective : to determine whether a 10 [-] week supervised hip flexor stretching program in frail elderly subjects would increase peak hip extension , stride length , and gait speed and [reduce] anterior pelvic tilt during comfortable and fast - paced walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 43 .
5 whether 14 program
5 whether 20 increase
6 a 14 program
7 10 9 week
9 week 10 supervised
10 supervised 14 program
11 hip 12 flexor
12 flexor 13 stretching
13 stretching 14 program
14 program 15 in
14 program 19 would
15 in 18 subjects
16 frail 18 subjects
17 elderly 18 subjects
19 would 20 increase
20 increase 23 extension
21 peak 23 extension
22 hip 23 extension
23 extension 31 and
24 , 31 and
25 stride 26 length
26 length 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 speed
28 and 31 and
29 gait 30 speed
31 and 35 tilt
31 and 36 during
31 and 41 paced
31 and 42 walking
31 and 43 .
33 anterior 35 tilt
34 pelvic 35 tilt
36 during 38 and
37 comfortable 38 and
38 and 39 fast
38 and 40 -

design : a double - blinded , randomized , controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 double
3 a 4 double
4 double 6 blinded
4 double 8 randomized
5 - 6 blinded
6 blinded 7 ,
7 , 8 randomized
8 randomized 9 ,
9 , 11 trial
10 controlled 11 trial

setting : pre - and post - treatment assessments were performed in a gait laboratory and stretching exercises were performed outside of the laboratory , usually in the subjects ' place of residence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 setting 2 :
2 : 5 and
3 pre 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 6 post
7 - 9 assessments
7 - 20 performed
8 treatment 9 assessments
9 assessments 16 and
9 assessments 19 were
10 were 11 performed
10 were 16 and
11 performed 12 in
12 in 15 laboratory
13 a 15 laboratory
14 gait 15 laboratory
16 and 17 stretching
16 and 18 exercises
19 were 20 performed
20 performed 22 of
20 performed 27 in
21 outside 22 of
22 of 24 laboratory
23 the 24 laboratory
25 , 26 usually
25 , 27 in
27 in 31 place
27 in 34 .
28 the 29 subjects
29 subjects 30 '
30 ' 31 place
31 place 32 of
32 of 33 residence

participants : seventy - four frail elderly individuals , with 41 subjects in the control group and 33 subjects in the treatment group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 8 individuals
3 seventy 4 -
4 - 5 four
4 - 8 individuals
6 frail 8 individuals
7 elderly 8 individuals
9 , 17 and
9 , 23 group
10 with 12 subjects
10 with 17 and
11 41 12 subjects
13 in 15 control
13 in 17 and
14 the 15 control
16 group 17 and
17 and 19 subjects
17 and 20 in
17 and 23 group
18 33 19 subjects
20 in 22 treatment
21 the 22 treatment

intervention : the treatment group completed a 10 [-] week twice [-] daily hip flexor stretching program that was supervised twice weekly by a rehabilitation clinician . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 completed
2 : 27 .
3 the 5 group
4 treatment 5 group
5 group 6 completed
6 completed 17 program
6 completed 23 by
7 a 17 program
8 10 10 week
10 week 17 program
11 twice 14 hip
13 daily 14 hip
14 hip 15 flexor
15 flexor 17 program
16 stretching 17 program
17 program 18 that
17 program 19 was
18 that 19 was
19 was 20 supervised
20 supervised 21 twice
20 supervised 22 weekly
23 by 26 clinician
24 a 25 rehabilitation
24 a 26 clinician
25 rehabilitation 26 clinician

the control group completed a 10 [-] week shoulder abductor stretching program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 4 completed
4 completed 12 program
5 a 12 program
6 10 8 week
8 week 11 stretching
9 shoulder 11 stretching
10 abductor 11 stretching
11 stretching 12 program

main outcome measurements : dynamic peak hip extension and peak anterior pelvic tilt , stride length , and gait speed while walking at a comfortable pace and a fast pace , as well as passive hip extension range of motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measurements
3 measurements 4 :
4 : 9 and
5 dynamic 8 extension
6 peak 8 extension
7 hip 8 extension
8 extension 9 and
9 and 13 tilt
10 peak 13 tilt
11 anterior 13 tilt
12 pelvic 13 tilt
14 , 18 and
14 , 20 speed
15 stride 16 length
16 length 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 gait
18 and 20 speed
20 speed 21 while
20 speed 23 at
20 speed 32 as
21 while 22 walking
23 at 27 and
24 a 26 pace
25 comfortable 26 pace
26 pace 27 and
27 and 30 pace
27 and 31 ,
28 a 30 pace
29 fast 30 pace
32 as 38 range
33 well 38 range
34 as 35 passive
35 passive 36 hip
36 hip 37 extension
37 extension 38 range
38 range 39 of
39 of 40 motion

results : the treatment group showed significant increases in walking speed and stride length after the intervention but showed no significant changes in peak hip extension or anterior pelvic tilt during comfortable and fast - paced walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 5 group
2 : 18 but
3 the 5 group
4 treatment 5 group
5 group 18 but
6 showed 8 increases
6 showed 11 speed
6 showed 12 and
6 showed 15 after
6 showed 18 but
7 significant 8 increases
8 increases 9 in
9 in 10 walking
12 and 14 length
13 stride 14 length
15 after 17 intervention
16 the 17 intervention
18 but 19 showed
19 showed 22 changes
19 showed 23 in
19 showed 31 during
20 no 22 changes
21 significant 22 changes
23 in 27 or
24 peak 25 hip
25 hip 26 extension
26 extension 27 or
27 or 30 tilt
28 anterior 30 tilt
29 pelvic 30 tilt
31 during 33 and
32 comfortable 33 and
33 and 34 fast
33 and 35 -
33 and 36 paced
33 and 37 walking

the treatment group also showed significantly increased passive hip extension range of motion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 group
2 treatment 3 group
3 group 5 showed
4 also 5 showed
5 showed 10 extension
5 showed 11 range
6 significantly 7 increased
7 increased 10 extension
8 passive 10 extension
9 hip 10 extension
11 range 12 of
12 of 13 motion

conclusions : these results indicate that a simple stretching program is effective in improving some measures of age - related decline [in] gait function [in] frail elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 20 related
2 : 29 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 10 program
6 that 11 is
7 a 8 simple
7 a 10 program
8 simple 10 program
9 stretching 10 program
10 program 11 is
11 is 12 effective
12 effective 13 in
13 in 14 improving
14 improving 16 measures
15 some 16 measures
16 measures 17 of
17 of 18 age
19 - 20 related
20 related 28 patients
21 decline 28 patients
23 gait 24 function
24 function 28 patients
26 frail 28 patients
27 elderly 28 patients

the lack of consistent improvements in walking kinematics is attributed to the presence of multiple disabilities and limitations present in the frail subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lack
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 lack
2 lack 3 of
2 lack 9 is
3 of 5 improvements
4 consistent 5 improvements
5 improvements 6 in
6 in 7 walking
7 walking 8 kinematics
9 is 10 attributed
10 attributed 11 to
10 attributed 19 present
11 to 13 presence
12 the 13 presence
13 presence 14 of
14 of 17 and
15 multiple 16 disabilities
16 disabilities 17 and
17 and 18 limitations
19 present 20 in
20 in 23 subjects
21 the 23 subjects
22 frail 23 subjects

objective : to determine whether a 10 [-] week supervised hip flexor stretching program in healthy elderly subjects would increase peak hip extension , stride length and gait speed and [reduce] anterior pelvic tilt [during] walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 5 whether
4 determine 24 ,
5 whether 14 program
5 whether 20 increase
6 a 14 program
7 10 9 week
9 week 10 supervised
10 supervised 14 program
11 hip 12 flexor
12 flexor 13 stretching
13 stretching 14 program
14 program 15 in
14 program 19 would
15 in 18 subjects
16 healthy 18 subjects
17 elderly 18 subjects
19 would 20 increase
20 increase 23 extension
21 peak 23 extension
22 hip 23 extension
24 , 30 and
25 stride 26 length
26 length 27 and
27 and 29 speed
27 and 30 and
28 gait 29 speed
30 and 34 tilt
30 and 36 walking
32 anterior 34 tilt
33 pelvic 34 tilt

design : a double - blinded , randomized , controlled trial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 double
3 a 4 double
4 double 6 blinded
4 double 8 randomized
5 - 6 blinded
6 blinded 7 ,
7 , 8 randomized
8 randomized 9 ,
9 , 11 trial
10 controlled 11 trial

setting : pre - and posttreatment assessments were performed in a gait laboratory , whereas stretching exercises were performed outside of the laboratory , usually in the subject 's home . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 performed
2 : 5 and
2 : 9 performed
3 pre 5 and
4 - 5 and
5 and 7 assessments
5 and 8 were
6 posttreatment 7 assessments
8 were 9 performed
9 performed 10 in
9 performed 15 whereas
10 in 13 laboratory
11 a 13 laboratory
12 gait 13 laboratory
14 , 15 whereas
15 whereas 17 exercises
16 stretching 17 exercises
17 exercises 18 were
18 were 19 performed
19 performed 21 of
19 performed 26 in
20 outside 21 of
21 of 23 laboratory
22 the 23 laboratory
24 , 25 usually
24 , 26 in
26 in 30 home
26 in 31 .
27 the 28 subject
28 subject 29 's
29 's 30 home

participants : eighty - two healthy elderly individuals , with 39 subjects in the control group and 43 subjects in the treatment group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 participants 2 :
2 : 8 individuals
3 eighty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 8 individuals
6 healthy 8 individuals
7 elderly 8 individuals
9 , 17 and
9 , 23 group
10 with 12 subjects
10 with 17 and
11 39 12 subjects
13 in 15 control
13 in 17 and
14 the 15 control
16 group 17 and
17 and 19 subjects
17 and 20 in
17 and 23 group
18 43 19 subjects
20 in 22 treatment
21 the 22 treatment

intervention : the treatment group completed a 10 [-] week , twice - daily hip flexor stretching program , which was supervised twice weekly by a rehabilitation clinician . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 completed
2 : 13 -
3 the 5 group
4 treatment 5 group
5 group 6 completed
6 completed 10 week
6 completed 12 twice
7 a 10 week
8 10 10 week
11 , 12 twice
12 twice 13 -
13 - 18 program
13 - 19 ,
14 daily 18 program
15 hip 18 program
16 flexor 17 stretching
17 stretching 18 program
19 , 20 which
19 , 22 supervised
20 which 21 was
21 was 22 supervised
22 supervised 23 twice
22 supervised 24 weekly
22 supervised 25 by
25 by 28 clinician
26 a 27 rehabilitation
26 a 28 clinician
27 rehabilitation 28 clinician

the control group completed a 10 [-] week shoulder abductor stretching program . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 completed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 4 completed
4 completed 12 program
5 a 12 program
6 10 8 week
8 week 11 stretching
9 shoulder 11 stretching
10 abductor 11 stretching
11 stretching 12 program

main outcome measurements : passive hip extension range of motion , dynamic peak hip extension , peak anterior pelvic tilt , stride length , and gait speed [during] walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measurements
3 measurements 4 :
4 : 8 range
5 passive 6 hip
6 hip 8 range
7 extension 8 range
8 range 9 of
9 of 25 and
10 motion 11 ,
11 , 15 extension
11 , 16 ,
12 dynamic 15 extension
13 peak 15 extension
14 hip 15 extension
16 , 20 tilt
16 , 21 ,
17 peak 20 tilt
18 anterior 20 tilt
19 pelvic 20 tilt
21 , 23 length
21 , 25 and
22 stride 23 length
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 speed
25 and 29 walking
26 gait 27 speed

results : the treatment group showed significant improvements in passive hip extension range of motion ( p = [.] 007 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 5 group
2 : 6 showed
3 the 5 group
4 treatment 5 group
5 group 6 showed
6 showed 8 improvements
6 showed 9 in
7 significant 8 improvements
9 in 13 range
10 passive 12 extension
11 hip 12 extension
12 extension 13 range
13 range 14 of
14 of 15 motion
15 motion 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 20 007
18 = 21 )

subjects in the treatment group [who] presented with limited preassessment peak hip extension [during] walking had increased stride length ( p = [.] 019 ) and peak hip extension ( p = [.] 012 ) , and decreased anterior pelvic tilt ( p = [.] 006 ) during walking , [whereas] subjects in the control group [showed] only decreased anterior pelvic tilt ( p = [.] 013 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 presented
1 subjects 2 in
1 subjects 7 presented
2 in 5 group
3 the 5 group
4 treatment 5 group
7 presented 8 with
7 presented 11 peak
8 with 10 preassessment
9 limited 10 preassessment
11 peak 13 extension
11 peak 16 had
12 hip 13 extension
13 extension 15 walking
13 extension 16 had
16 had 26 and
17 increased 19 length
17 increased 26 and
18 stride 19 length
19 length 22 =
20 ( 22 =
21 p 22 =
22 = 24 019
22 = 25 )
26 and 37 and
27 peak 29 extension
27 peak 32 =
27 peak 37 and
28 hip 29 extension
30 ( 32 =
31 p 32 =
32 = 34 012
32 = 35 )
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 decreased
38 decreased 41 tilt
38 decreased 48 during
39 anterior 41 tilt
40 pelvic 41 tilt
41 tilt 44 =
42 ( 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 46 006
44 = 47 )
48 during 50 ,
49 walking 50 ,
50 , 52 subjects
52 subjects 53 in
52 subjects 62 tilt
53 in 55 control
54 the 55 control
56 group 62 tilt
58 only 59 decreased
59 decreased 62 tilt
60 anterior 62 tilt
61 pelvic 62 tilt
62 tilt 65 =
63 ( 65 =
64 p 65 =
65 = 67 013
65 = 69 )(

conclusions : the 10 [-] week supervised hip flexor stretching program was effective in increasing stride length and peak hip extension [during] walking in elderly adults who had limited preintervention hip extension during walking . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 program
2 : 12 was
2 : 35 .
3 the 11 program
4 10 6 week
6 week 9 flexor
7 supervised 8 hip
8 hip 9 flexor
9 flexor 10 stretching
10 stretching 11 program
11 program 12 was
12 was 13 effective
13 effective 14 in
14 in 18 and
15 increasing 17 length
16 stride 17 length
17 length 18 and
18 and 20 hip
18 and 21 extension
18 and 33 during
18 and 34 walking
19 peak 20 hip
21 extension 23 walking
21 extension 29 limited
23 walking 24 in
23 walking 26 adults
25 elderly 26 adults
26 adults 27 who
26 adults 28 had
27 who 28 had
29 limited 32 extension
29 limited 33 during
30 preintervention 31 hip
31 hip 32 extension

these results support the use of a simple stretching program for elderly individuals in counteracting age - related decline [in] gait function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 support
3 support 5 use
3 support 14 in
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
6 of 10 program
7 a 8 simple
7 a 10 program
8 simple 10 program
9 stretching 10 program
10 program 11 for
11 for 13 individuals
12 elderly 13 individuals
14 in 15 counteracting
15 counteracting 16 age
17 - 22 function
17 - 23 .
18 related 19 decline
19 decline 22 function
21 gait 22 function

background/purpose : ginsenosides have many biomedical efficacies , such as anti - aging , antioxidation , and anti - inflammatory activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ginsenosides
2 : 4 have
2 : 8 ,
2 : 22 .
3 ginsenosides 4 have
4 have 7 efficacies
5 many 7 efficacies
6 biomedical 7 efficacies
8 , 17 and
9 such 13 aging
10 as 11 anti
11 anti 12 -
11 anti 13 aging
13 aging 14 ,
14 , 15 antioxidation
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 21 activities
18 anti 19 -
18 anti 21 activities
20 inflammatory 21 activities

compound k ( ck ) , one of the major metabolites of ginsenosides , mediates the antimetastatic and anti - allergic activities of the ginsenosides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 compound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 mediates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 compound 2 k
1 compound 4 ck
1 compound 7 one
1 compound 15 mediates
3 ( 4 ck
4 ck 5 )
6 , 7 one
7 one 8 of
7 one 14 ,
8 of 11 metabolites
9 the 11 metabolites
10 major 11 metabolites
11 metabolites 12 of
12 of 13 ginsenosides
15 mediates 18 and
16 the 17 antimetastatic
17 antimetastatic 18 and
18 and 22 activities
18 and 23 of
19 anti 20 -
19 anti 22 activities
21 allergic 22 activities
23 of 25 ginsenosides
24 the 25 ginsenosides

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ck on level of type i collagen , matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) - [1] activity , and protein level in ultraviolet ( uv )a - irradiated fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 13 on
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 effect
9 the 10 effect
10 effect 11 of
11 of 12 ck
13 on 14 level
14 level 15 of
15 of 16 type
16 type 17 i
16 type 29 and
16 type 31 level
18 collagen 21 metalloproteinase
18 collagen 27 activity
19 , 21 metalloproteinase
20 matrix 21 metalloproteinase
21 metalloproteinase 23 mmp
21 metalloproteinase 25 -
22 ( 23 mmp
23 mmp 24 )
27 activity 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 protein
29 and 31 level
31 level 32 in
32 in 39 fibroblasts
33 ultraviolet 36 )a
33 ultraviolet 39 fibroblasts
34 ( 36 )a
35 uv 36 )a
36 )a 37 -
38 irradiated 39 fibroblasts

methods : fibroblasts were cultured [with] and without ck ( 0.01 μm , 0.1 μm or 1 μm [ )(for 2 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 fibroblasts
2 : 4 were
2 : 7 and
2 : 16 or
3 fibroblasts 4 were
4 were 5 cultured
7 and 14 0.1
7 and 15 μm
8 without 9 ck
8 without 14 0.1
9 ck 12 μm
10 ( 12 μm
11 0.01 12 μm
12 μm 13 ,
14 0.1 15 μm
16 or 17 1
16 or 18 μm
17 1 18 μm
18 μm 20 )(for
20 )(for 22 hours
21 2 22 hours

cells were sham - irradiated and irradiated with 50 kj/m ( 2 ) , 100 kj/m ( 2 [ )(or 200 kj/m ( 2 ) uva , and incubated in serumfree dulbecco 's modified eagle 's medium , [with] or without ck for 24 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sham
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 cells 2 were
2 were 3 sham
4 - 6 and
5 irradiated 6 and
6 and 28 and
7 irradiated 8 with
7 irradiated 10 kj/m
7 irradiated 28 and
8 with 9 50
10 kj/m 12 2
10 kj/m 16 kj/m
11 ( 12 2
12 2 13 )
14 , 16 kj/m
15 100 16 kj/m
16 kj/m 26 uva
16 kj/m 27 ,
17 ( 26 uva
18 2 20 )(or
20 )(or 21 200
20 )(or 26 uva
22 kj/m 24 2
22 kj/m 26 uva
23 ( 24 2
24 2 25 )
26 uva 27 ,
28 and 29 incubated
28 and 40 or
30 in 31 serumfree
30 in 40 or
31 serumfree 32 dulbecco
31 serumfree 34 modified
32 dulbecco 33 's
33 's 34 modified
34 modified 37 medium
35 eagle 36 's
36 's 37 medium
38 , 40 or
40 or 41 without
41 without 42 ck
42 ck 43 for
43 for 45 hours
44 24 45 hours

mmp - 1 activity in the supernatants and protein levels in the cells were assessed by zymography and western blotting , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mmp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 activity
3 1 4 activity
4 activity 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 the 7 supernatants
7 supernatants 8 and
8 and 9 protein
8 and 10 levels
8 and 20 blotting
10 levels 11 in
10 levels 14 were
11 in 13 cells
12 the 13 cells
14 were 15 assessed
15 assessed 16 by
16 by 18 and
17 zymography 18 and
18 and 19 western
18 and 20 blotting
20 blotting 22 respectively
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 .

level of type i collagen was assessed by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 collagen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 level 5 collagen
2 of 3 type
2 of 5 collagen
3 type 4 i
5 collagen 6 was
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 by
8 by 9 enzyme
10 - 13 assay
10 - 14 .
11 linked 13 assay
12 immunosorbent 13 assay

results : mmp - 1 activity and protein level were increased by uva , which was downregulated by ck . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mmp
4 - 7 and
4 - 11 increased
4 - 14 ,
5 1 6 activity
6 activity 7 and
7 and 9 level
7 and 10 were
8 protein 9 level
10 were 11 increased
11 increased 12 by
12 by 13 uva
14 , 15 which
14 , 17 downregulated
15 which 16 was
16 was 17 downregulated
17 downregulated 18 by
18 by 19 ck

production of type i collagen was inhibited in uva - irradiated fibroblasts , which was upregulated by ck . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 production
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 fibroblasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 production 2 of
1 production 7 inhibited
1 production 12 fibroblasts
2 of 3 type
3 type 4 i
3 type 5 collagen
3 type 6 was
5 collagen 6 was
7 inhibited 8 in
7 inhibited 10 -
7 inhibited 11 irradiated
8 in 9 uva
13 , 14 which
13 , 16 upregulated
14 which 15 was
15 was 16 upregulated
16 upregulated 17 by
17 by 18 ck

conclusion : ck is a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of skin photo - aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ck
2 : 4 is
3 ck 4 is
4 is 7 agent
5 a 6 potential
5 a 7 agent
6 potential 7 agent
7 agent 8 for
7 agent 17 aging
8 for 15 photo
9 the 15 photo
10 prevention 11 and
11 and 12 treatment
11 and 13 of
11 and 15 photo
13 of 14 skin
16 - 17 aging
17 aging 18 .

purpose : to evaluate blue - light attenuation in eyes with a tinted intraocular lens ( iol ) or an untinted iol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 23 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 8 attenuation
4 evaluate 9 in
5 blue 6 -
5 blue 8 attenuation
7 light 8 attenuation
9 in 19 or
10 eyes 11 with
10 eyes 19 or
11 with 15 lens
12 a 15 lens
13 tinted 15 lens
14 intraocular 15 lens
15 lens 17 iol
16 ( 17 iol
17 iol 18 )
19 or 22 iol
20 an 22 iol
21 untinted 22 iol

setting : department of ophthalmology , university hospital of crete , crete , greece . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 setting 2 :
2 : 3 department
3 department 4 of
4 of 5 ophthalmology
5 ophthalmology 8 hospital
5 ophthalmology 12 crete
6 , 8 hospital
7 university 8 hospital
8 hospital 9 of
8 hospital 11 ,
9 of 10 crete
11 , 12 crete
12 crete 13 ,
13 , 14 greece

design : comparative case series . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 5 series
3 comparative 4 case
4 case 5 series

methods : patients had lens extraction and implantation of an acrysof natural tinted or tecnis za9003 or softec iii untinted acrylic iol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 20 untinted
2 : 23 .
3 patients 4 had
4 had 7 and
4 had 20 untinted
5 lens 6 extraction
6 extraction 7 and
7 and 8 implantation
7 and 9 of
9 of 17 or
10 an 12 natural
11 acrysof 12 natural
12 natural 13 tinted
12 natural 14 or
14 or 16 za9003
14 or 17 or
15 tecnis 16 za9003
17 or 18 softec
18 softec 19 iii
20 untinted 22 iol
21 acrylic 22 iol

the luminance ratio of green ( 530 nm ) and blue ( 465 nm ) light ( green:blue [ratio] ) required for isoluminant perception was determined by heterochromatic flicker photometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 light
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 ratio
2 luminance 3 ratio
3 ratio 4 of
3 ratio 10 and
4 of 5 green
5 green 8 nm
6 ( 8 nm
7 530 8 nm
8 nm 9 )
10 and 11 blue
10 and 14 nm
10 and 16 light
12 ( 14 nm
13 465 14 nm
14 nm 15 )
16 light 18 green:blue
16 light 21 required
17 ( 18 green:blue
18 green:blue 20 )
21 required 22 for
21 required 24 perception
21 required 25 was
22 for 23 isoluminant
24 perception 25 was
25 was 26 determined
26 determined 27 by
27 by 30 photometry
28 heterochromatic 29 flicker
29 flicker 30 photometry

patients [were] tested preoperatively and 20 days [postoperatively] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 patients 3 tested
1 patients 5 and
3 tested 4 preoperatively
5 and 7 days
6 20 7 days

the parafoveal measure of the green:blue ratio , expressed in decibels , is proportional to the blue - light attenuation by the lens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 measure
2 parafoveal 3 measure
3 measure 4 of
3 measure 13 is
4 of 7 ratio
5 the 7 ratio
6 green:blue 7 ratio
7 ratio 9 expressed
8 , 9 expressed
9 expressed 10 in
9 expressed 12 ,
10 in 11 decibels
13 is 14 proportional
14 proportional 15 to
14 proportional 21 by
15 to 20 attenuation
16 the 20 attenuation
17 blue 18 -
17 blue 20 attenuation
19 light 20 attenuation
21 by 23 lens
22 the 23 lens

results : twenty - two patients received the tinted iol and 21 [the] untinted iol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 6 patients
2 : 7 received
2 : 11 and
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 patients
6 patients 7 received
7 received 10 iol
8 the 10 iol
9 tinted 10 iol
11 and 12 21
11 and 14 untinted
12 21 14 untinted
14 untinted 15 iol

preoperatively , age was strongly linearly correlated with the green:blue ratio ( r = 0.59 , p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 preoperatively
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 , 3 age
2 , 7 correlated
3 age 4 was
4 was 5 strongly
4 was 7 correlated
6 linearly 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
8 with 11 ratio
9 the 11 ratio
10 green:blue 11 ratio
11 ratio 14 =
11 ratio 18 <
12 ( 14 =
13 r 14 =
14 = 15 0.59
14 = 16 ,
16 , 18 <
17 p 18 <
18 < 20 001
18 < 21 )

the mean postoperative decrease in the green:blue ratio was greater in the untinted iol group ( p = [.] 003 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 4 decrease
2 mean 4 decrease
3 postoperative 4 decrease
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 9 was
5 in 8 ratio
6 the 8 ratio
7 green:blue 8 ratio
9 was 10 greater
10 greater 11 in
11 in 15 group
12 the 15 group
13 untinted 15 group
14 iol 15 group
15 group 18 =
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 20 003
18 = 21 )

postoperatively , the tinted iol group had a significantly higher green:blue ratio than the untinted iol group ( p < [.] 001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 postoperatively
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 , 6 group
2 , 7 had
3 the 6 group
4 tinted 6 group
5 iol 6 group
6 group 7 had
7 had 12 ratio
7 had 13 than
7 had 17 group
8 a 12 ratio
9 significantly 10 higher
10 higher 12 ratio
11 green:blue 12 ratio
13 than 16 iol
14 the 16 iol
15 untinted 16 iol
17 group 20 <
18 ( 20 <
19 p 20 <
20 < 22 001
20 < 23 )

in the tinted iol group , the green:blue ratio was linearly related to iol dioptric power . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 5 group
1 in 6 ,
1 in 9 ratio
2 the 5 group
3 tinted 5 group
4 iol 5 group
7 the 9 ratio
8 green:blue 9 ratio
9 ratio 10 was
10 was 12 related
11 linearly 12 related
12 related 13 to
13 to 16 power
14 iol 16 power
15 dioptric 16 power

conclusion : less blue light reached the retina with tinted iols than with untinted iols . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 light
2 : 6 reached
2 : 16 .
3 less 4 blue
4 blue 5 light
5 light 6 reached
6 reached 8 retina
6 reached 9 with
6 reached 12 than
7 the 8 retina
9 with 11 iols
10 tinted 11 iols
12 than 13 with
13 with 15 iols
14 untinted 15 iols

the absorption properties of tinted iols seemed to resemble those of the aging human crystalline lens , while untinted iols resembled the lower levels of blue - light attenuation of younger lenses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 properties
2 absorption 3 properties
3 properties 4 of
3 properties 7 seemed
4 of 6 iols
5 tinted 6 iols
7 seemed 8 to
7 seemed 9 resemble
8 to 9 resemble
9 resemble 10 those
10 those 11 of
11 of 16 lens
12 the 16 lens
13 aging 16 lens
14 human 16 lens
15 crystalline 16 lens
17 , 20 iols
17 , 21 resembled
18 while 19 untinted
18 while 20 iols
20 iols 21 resembled
21 resembled 24 levels
22 the 24 levels
23 lower 24 levels
24 levels 25 of
25 of 29 attenuation
26 blue 27 -
26 blue 29 attenuation
28 light 29 attenuation
29 attenuation 30 of
30 of 32 lenses
31 younger 32 lenses

thus , tinted iols may protect against the presumed blue - light hazard . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 iols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 protect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 iols
3 tinted 4 iols
4 iols 5 may
5 may 6 protect
6 protect 7 against
6 protect 13 hazard
7 against 12 light
8 the 12 light
9 presumed 12 light
10 blue 11 -
10 blue 12 light

financial disclosure : no author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disclosure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 financial 2 disclosure
3 : 5 author
3 : 6 has
3 : 18 .
4 no 5 author
5 author 6 has
6 has 11 interest
6 has 12 in
7 a 11 interest
8 financial 9 or
9 or 10 proprietary
9 or 11 interest
12 in 15 or
13 any 14 material
14 material 15 or
15 or 16 method
15 or 17 mentioned

aging is a multifactorial phenomenon , a multiscale process that takes place at the molecular ( proteins , genes ) , cellular and tissue levels and represents a complex set of events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 5 phenomenon
3 a 5 phenomenon
4 multifactorial 5 phenomenon
5 phenomenon 9 process
6 , 9 process
7 a 9 process
8 multiscale 9 process
9 process 10 that
9 process 12 place
9 process 20 )
10 that 12 place
11 takes 12 place
12 place 13 at
13 at 19 genes
14 the 19 genes
15 molecular 17 proteins
15 molecular 18 ,
15 molecular 19 genes
16 ( 17 proteins
17 proteins 18 ,
21 , 23 and
21 , 26 and
22 cellular 23 and
23 and 24 tissue
23 and 26 and
25 levels 26 and
26 and 27 represents
27 represents 30 set
28 a 29 complex
28 a 30 set
29 complex 30 set
30 set 31 of
31 of 32 events

this review will focus on the databases related to the aging process and on aging - related biological networks recently constructed to decipher the molecular mechanisms of aging , to characterize the effects of environmental factors and calorie restriction on aging and to determine the molecular links between aging and several diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 this 4 focus
2 review 4 focus
3 will 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
4 focus 8 related
4 focus 50 and
5 on 7 databases
6 the 7 databases
8 related 13 and
9 to 12 process
9 to 13 and
10 the 12 process
11 aging 12 process
13 and 14 on
14 on 15 aging
15 aging 30 to
15 aging 47 links
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 networks
17 related 29 ,
17 related 30 to
18 biological 19 networks
19 networks 20 recently
19 networks 21 constructed
19 networks 22 to
19 networks 23 decipher
19 networks 27 of
22 to 23 decipher
23 decipher 26 mechanisms
24 the 26 mechanisms
25 molecular 26 mechanisms
27 of 28 aging
30 to 42 and
31 characterize 37 and
31 characterize 42 and
32 the 37 and
33 effects 34 of
33 effects 37 and
34 of 36 factors
35 environmental 36 factors
37 and 39 restriction
38 calorie 39 restriction
39 restriction 40 on
40 on 41 aging
42 and 43 to
42 and 44 determine
43 to 44 determine
44 determine 46 molecular
45 the 46 molecular
47 links 48 between
48 between 49 aging
50 and 52 diseases
51 several 52 diseases

the role played by [chaperones] , that [are] major participants of aging cellular networks [and] connect metabolic stress and dietary restriction , and [by] micrornas as modulators of aging are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 played
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 role
2 role 3 played
3 played 4 by
6 , 10 participants
6 , 16 connect
7 that 9 major
9 major 10 participants
10 participants 11 of
10 participants 16 connect
11 of 12 aging
12 aging 14 networks
13 cellular 14 networks
16 connect 23 and
17 metabolic 18 stress
18 stress 19 and
19 and 21 restriction
19 and 22 ,
19 and 23 and
20 dietary 21 restriction
23 and 25 micrornas
23 and 31 discussed
26 as 27 modulators
26 as 31 discussed
27 modulators 28 of
27 modulators 30 are
28 of 29 aging
30 are 31 discussed

[given] that higher proportions of predicted microrna target sites exist in the transcripts encoding disordered proteins , and that intrinsically disordered proteins are associated with age - related diseases ( cancer , diabetes , cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases ) , the study of protein disorder in aging deserves to be investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 encoding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
2 that 4 proportions
2 that 14 encoding
3 higher 4 proportions
4 proportions 5 of
4 proportions 10 exist
5 of 9 sites
6 predicted 7 microrna
7 microrna 9 sites
8 target 9 sites
10 exist 11 in
11 in 13 transcripts
12 the 13 transcripts
13 transcripts 14 encoding
14 encoding 18 and
14 encoding 25 with
15 disordered 16 proteins
16 proteins 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 that
18 and 22 proteins
18 and 23 are
18 and 24 associated
20 intrinsically 21 disordered
21 disordered 22 proteins
22 proteins 23 are
25 with 26 age
27 - 28 related
28 related 29 diseases
28 related 40 ,
29 diseases 31 cancer
29 diseases 33 diabetes
30 ( 31 cancer
31 cancer 32 ,
32 , 33 diabetes
33 diabetes 36 and
33 diabetes 40 ,
34 , 36 and
35 cardiovascular 36 and
36 and 38 diseases
36 and 39 )
36 and 40 ,
37 neurodegenerative 38 diseases
40 , 42 study
40 , 48 deserves
41 the 42 study
42 study 43 of
42 study 48 deserves
43 of 45 disorder
44 protein 45 disorder
45 disorder 46 in
46 in 47 aging
48 deserves 49 to
48 deserves 50 be
49 to 50 be
50 be 51 investigated

the klotho gene ( kl ) was identified first as a putative [aging] - suppressor gene that extended life span when overexpressed and accelerated aging - like [phenotypes] when disrupted in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
1 the 3 gene
2 klotho 3 gene
3 gene 5 kl
3 gene 23 and
4 ( 5 kl
5 kl 6 )
7 was 8 identified
7 was 23 and
8 identified 9 first
8 identified 10 as
8 identified 21 when
10 as 20 span
11 a 12 putative
11 a 20 span
12 putative 14 -
12 putative 20 span
15 suppressor 20 span
16 gene 20 span
17 that 18 extended
18 extended 19 life
19 life 20 span
21 when 22 overexpressed
23 and 24 accelerated
23 and 27 like
24 accelerated 25 aging
26 - 27 like
27 like 29 when
27 like 33 .
29 when 30 disrupted
30 disrupted 31 in
31 in 32 mice

it encodes a single - pass transmembrane protein and is expressed [predominantly] [in] [kidney] , where it functions as an [obligate] coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 ( fgf - 23 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 it 9 and
2 encodes 8 protein
2 encodes 9 and
3 a 4 single
3 a 8 protein
4 single 5 -
4 single 8 protein
6 pass 8 protein
7 transmembrane 8 protein
9 and 10 is
9 and 16 where
10 is 11 expressed
15 , 16 where
16 where 17 it
16 where 18 functions
16 where 32 )
17 it 18 functions
18 functions 19 as
18 functions 23 for
19 as 22 coreceptor
20 an 22 coreceptor
23 for 26 factor
24 fibroblast 26 factor
25 growth 26 factor
26 factor 27 23
26 factor 30 -
28 ( 30 -
29 fgf 30 -
30 - 31 23
30 - 32 )

fgf - [23] is a bone [-] derived hormone that suppresses phosphate reabsorption and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin d ( 3 ) ( vitamin d ) synthesis in the kidney . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 fgf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 fgf 2 -
1 fgf 4 is
4 is 9 hormone
4 is 25 synthesis
5 a 9 hormone
6 bone 8 derived
8 derived 9 hormone
9 hormone 10 that
9 hormone 11 suppresses
10 that 11 suppresses
11 suppresses 14 and
12 phosphate 13 reabsorption
13 reabsorption 14 and
14 and 16 dihydroxyvitamin
14 and 19 3
14 and 22 vitamin
15 1,25 16 dihydroxyvitamin
16 dihydroxyvitamin 17 d
18 ( 19 3
19 3 20 )
21 ( 22 vitamin
22 vitamin 23 d
22 vitamin 24 )
25 synthesis 26 in
26 in 28 kidney
27 the 28 kidney

klotho also is expressed in the parathyroid gland , [where] fgf - 23 decreases parathyroid hormone expression and secretion , further suppressing vitamin d synthesis in [kidney] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 klotho
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 expressed
1 klotho 3 is
2 also 3 is
3 is 4 expressed
4 expressed 5 in
5 in 8 gland
6 the 8 gland
7 parathyroid 8 gland
8 gland 11 fgf
9 , 11 fgf
11 fgf 14 decreases
11 fgf 26 in
11 fgf 28 .
12 - 13 23
13 23 14 decreases
14 decreases 15 parathyroid
15 parathyroid 18 and
15 parathyroid 26 in
16 hormone 17 expression
17 expression 18 and
18 and 19 secretion
18 and 20 ,
18 and 22 suppressing
21 further 22 suppressing
22 suppressing 25 synthesis
23 vitamin 24 d
23 vitamin 25 synthesis

thus , fgf - 23 functions as a phosphaturic hormone and a counter - regulatory [hormone] for vitamin d , thereby [inducing] negative phosphate balance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 negative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 11 and
3 fgf 4 -
3 fgf 11 and
5 23 6 functions
6 functions 7 as
6 functions 11 and
7 as 10 hormone
8 a 9 phosphaturic
8 a 10 hormone
9 phosphaturic 10 hormone
11 and 13 counter
11 and 15 regulatory
11 and 23 negative
12 a 13 counter
14 - 15 regulatory
15 regulatory 17 for
15 regulatory 20 ,
17 for 18 vitamin
18 vitamin 19 d
21 thereby 23 negative
23 negative 25 balance
24 phosphate 25 balance

mice lacking either fgf - [23] or klotho show hyperphosphatemia in addition to developing multiple aging - like phenotypes , [which] can be rescued by resolving phosphate retention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 show
1 mice 2 lacking
1 mice 7 or
2 lacking 4 fgf
3 either 4 fgf
5 - 7 or
7 or 8 klotho
7 or 9 show
9 show 10 hyperphosphatemia
9 show 16 aging
9 show 18 like
10 hyperphosphatemia 11 in
11 in 12 addition
12 addition 13 to
13 to 14 developing
15 multiple 16 aging
17 - 18 like
18 like 20 ,
18 like 29 .
19 phenotypes 20 ,
20 , 22 can
22 can 23 be
23 be 24 rescued
24 rescued 25 by
25 by 26 resolving
26 resolving 28 retention
27 phosphate 28 retention

these findings have unveiled an unexpected link between aging and phosphate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 unveiled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 have
3 have 4 unveiled
4 unveiled 10 and
5 an 6 unexpected
5 an 7 link
6 unexpected 7 link
7 link 8 between
7 link 10 and
8 between 9 aging
10 and 11 phosphate

in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) , phosphate retention is seen universally and has been associated with increased mortality risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 retention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 patients
1 in 10 ,
1 in 12 retention
2 patients 3 with
3 with 6 disease
4 chronic 5 kidney
5 kidney 6 disease
6 disease 8 ckd
7 ( 8 ckd
8 ckd 9 )
11 phosphate 12 retention
12 retention 16 and
13 is 14 seen
13 is 16 and
14 seen 15 universally
16 and 17 has
16 and 23 risk
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 mortality
21 increased 22 mortality

patients with ckd have high serum fgf - 23 levels with decreased klotho expression in the kidney and parathyroid , rendering fgf - 23 and klotho as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ckd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 4 have
2 with 3 ckd
4 have 7 fgf
4 have 21 rendering
5 high 7 fgf
6 serum 7 fgf
7 fgf 10 levels
8 - 10 levels
9 23 10 levels
10 levels 11 with
10 levels 15 in
10 levels 20 ,
11 with 14 expression
12 decreased 14 expression
13 klotho 14 expression
15 in 18 and
16 the 17 kidney
17 kidney 18 and
18 and 19 parathyroid
20 , 21 rendering
21 rendering 22 fgf
21 rendering 35 .
22 fgf 30 and
23 - 30 and
24 23 25 and
25 and 26 klotho
26 klotho 27 as
26 klotho 30 and
27 as 29 biomarkers
28 potential 29 biomarkers
30 and 32 targets
30 and 33 for
30 and 35 .
31 therapeutic 32 targets
33 for 34 ckd

the klotho protein not only serves as a coreceptor for fgf - 23 , but also functions as a humoral factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 protein
2 klotho 3 protein
3 protein 16 also
4 not 5 only
5 only 16 also
6 serves 7 as
6 serves 16 also
7 as 9 coreceptor
8 a 9 coreceptor
9 coreceptor 10 for
10 for 11 fgf
11 fgf 13 23
12 - 13 23
13 23 14 ,
15 but 16 also
16 also 17 functions
16 also 18 as
18 as 21 factor
19 a 20 humoral
19 a 21 factor
20 humoral 21 factor

klotho 's extracellular domain is released into blood and urine by ectodomain shedding and exerts various functions independently of fgf - 23 , including regulation of multiple ion channels and transporters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 domain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 klotho 2 's
2 's 4 domain
3 extracellular 4 domain
4 domain 14 and
5 is 6 released
5 is 14 and
6 released 7 into
6 released 11 by
7 into 9 and
8 blood 9 and
9 and 10 urine
11 by 13 shedding
12 ectodomain 13 shedding
14 and 15 exerts
14 and 18 independently
15 exerts 17 functions
16 various 17 functions
18 independently 19 of
19 of 30 and
20 fgf 22 23
20 fgf 24 including
20 fgf 30 and
21 - 22 23
22 23 23 ,
24 including 25 regulation
25 regulation 26 of
26 of 29 channels
27 multiple 28 ion
28 ion 29 channels
30 and 31 transporters

decreased urinary klotho protein level has been identified as one of the earliest biomarkers of ckd progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 decreased 5 level
2 urinary 5 level
3 klotho 5 level
4 protein 5 level
5 level 6 has
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 identified
8 identified 9 as
9 as 10 one
10 one 11 of
11 of 14 biomarkers
12 the 13 earliest
12 the 14 biomarkers
14 biomarkers 15 of
15 of 17 progression
16 ckd 17 progression

this review focuses on the current understanding of klotho protein [function] , with emphasis on its potential involvement in the pathophysiologic process of ckd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 13 with
4 on 7 understanding
5 the 7 understanding
6 current 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 10 protein
9 klotho 10 protein
12 , 13 with
13 with 14 emphasis
13 with 25 .
14 emphasis 15 on
14 emphasis 23 of
15 on 18 involvement
16 its 18 involvement
17 potential 18 involvement
18 involvement 19 in
19 in 22 process
20 the 22 process
21 pathophysiologic 22 process
23 of 24 ckd

from the fertilization of an egg until the death of an individual , somatic cells can accumulate genetic changes , such that cells from different tissues or even within the same tissue differ genetically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 accumulate
1 from 3 fertilization
1 from 15 cells
2 the 3 fertilization
3 fertilization 4 of
4 of 6 egg
5 an 6 egg
7 until 9 death
7 until 13 ,
7 until 15 cells
8 the 9 death
9 death 10 of
10 of 12 individual
11 an 12 individual
14 somatic 15 cells
15 cells 16 can
16 can 17 accumulate
17 accumulate 19 changes
17 accumulate 22 that
18 genetic 19 changes
20 , 22 that
21 such 22 that
22 that 23 cells
22 that 33 differ
22 that 35 .
23 cells 27 or
23 cells 33 differ
24 from 26 tissues
24 from 27 or
25 different 26 tissues
27 or 28 even
27 or 29 within
29 within 32 tissue
30 the 31 same
30 the 32 tissue
33 differ 34 genetically

the presence of multiple cell clones [with] distinct [genotypes] in the same individual is referred to as ['] somatic mosaicism ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 8 distinct
2 presence 14 is
3 of 6 clones
4 multiple 6 clones
5 cell 6 clones
8 distinct 10 in
10 in 13 individual
11 the 12 same
11 the 13 individual
14 is 16 to
15 referred 16 to
16 to 17 as
17 as 20 mosaicism
19 somatic 20 mosaicism

many endogenous factors such as mobile elements , dna polymerase slippage , dna double - strand break , inefficient dna repair , unbalanced chromosomal segregation and some exogenous factors such as nicotine and uv exposure can contribute to the generation of somatic mutations , thereby leading to somatic mosaicism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
1 many 3 factors
2 endogenous 3 factors
3 factors 5 as
3 factors 8 ,
4 such 5 as
5 as 7 elements
6 mobile 7 elements
8 , 11 slippage
8 , 12 ,
9 dna 10 polymerase
10 polymerase 11 slippage
12 , 17 break
12 , 18 ,
13 dna 17 break
14 double 15 -
14 double 16 strand
16 strand 17 break
18 , 21 repair
18 , 22 ,
19 inefficient 21 repair
20 dna 21 repair
22 , 25 segregation
22 , 26 and
23 unbalanced 25 segregation
24 chromosomal 25 segregation
26 and 29 factors
26 and 31 as
26 and 33 and
27 some 29 factors
28 exogenous 29 factors
30 such 31 as
31 as 32 nicotine
33 and 34 uv
33 and 35 exposure
33 and 37 contribute
35 exposure 36 can
36 can 37 contribute
37 contribute 38 to
37 contribute 46 leading
38 to 40 generation
39 the 40 generation
40 generation 41 of
41 of 43 mutations
42 somatic 43 mutations
44 , 46 leading
45 thereby 46 leading
46 leading 47 to
46 leading 50 .
47 to 49 mosaicism
48 somatic 49 mosaicism

such changes can potentially affect the epigenetic patterns and levels of gene expression , and ultimately the [phenotypes] [of] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 such 2 changes
2 changes 3 can
3 can 5 affect
4 potentially 5 affect
5 affect 15 and
6 the 8 patterns
7 epigenetic 8 patterns
8 patterns 9 and
9 and 10 levels
9 and 11 of
9 and 15 and
11 of 13 expression
12 gene 13 expression
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 ultimately
15 and 20 cells
17 the 20 cells

although recent studies suggest that somatic mosaicism is widespread during normal development and aging , its implications for heightened disease risks are incompletely understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 although 3 studies
1 although 4 suggest
2 recent 3 studies
4 suggest 5 that
5 that 7 mosaicism
5 that 8 is
6 somatic 7 mosaicism
7 mosaicism 8 is
8 is 9 widespread
9 widespread 10 during
10 during 12 development
11 normal 12 development
13 and 17 implications
13 and 24 understood
14 aging 15 ,
14 aging 17 implications
16 its 17 implications
17 implications 18 for
17 implications 22 are
18 for 21 risks
19 heightened 20 disease
20 disease 21 risks
22 are 24 understood
23 incompletely 24 understood

here , i discuss the origins , prevalence and implications of somatic mosaicism in healthy human tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 discuss
4 discuss 9 and
4 discuss 14 in
5 the 6 origins
6 origins 7 ,
7 , 8 prevalence
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 implications
9 and 11 of
11 of 13 mosaicism
12 somatic 13 mosaicism
14 in 17 tissues
15 healthy 17 tissues
16 human 17 tissues

at this juncture , clinical management , education for medical providers , and the design and interpretation of clinical trials have been hampered by the absence of a consensus system [for] nomenclature for the description of symptoms as well as classification of causes or potential causes of abnormal uterine bleeding ( aub ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 hampered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 at 3 juncture
1 at 16 and
2 this 3 juncture
3 juncture 6 management
4 , 6 management
5 clinical 6 management
6 management 7 ,
8 education 9 for
8 education 13 and
9 for 11 providers
10 medical 11 providers
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 design
13 and 16 and
14 the 15 design
16 and 17 interpretation
16 and 18 of
16 and 21 have
18 of 20 trials
19 clinical 20 trials
21 have 22 been
22 been 23 hampered
23 hampered 24 by
24 by 26 absence
25 the 26 absence
26 absence 27 of
26 absence 33 for
26 absence 40 as
27 of 32 nomenclature
28 a 32 nomenclature
29 consensus 32 nomenclature
30 system 32 nomenclature
33 for 35 description
34 the 35 description
35 description 36 of
36 of 37 symptoms
38 as 39 well
39 well 40 as
40 as 41 classification
41 classification 42 of
41 classification 47 of
42 of 44 or
43 causes 44 or
44 or 46 causes
45 potential 46 causes
47 of 50 bleeding
48 abnormal 50 bleeding
49 uterine 50 bleeding
50 bleeding 52 aub
51 ( 52 aub
52 aub 53 )

to address this issue , the fédération internationale de gynécologie [et] d'obstétrique ( figo ) has designed the palm - coein ( polyp , adenomyosis , leiomyoma , malignancy and hyperplasia , coagulopathy , ovulatory disorders , endometrial disorders , iatrogenic causes , and not classified [ )(classification system for causes of aub in the reproductive years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 gynécologie
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 designed
1 to 2 address
1 to 5 ,
1 to 10 gynécologie
2 address 4 issue
3 this 4 issue
6 the 10 gynécologie
7 fédération 8 internationale
8 internationale 9 de
9 de 10 gynécologie
10 gynécologie 12 d'obstétrique
10 gynécologie 16 has
10 gynécologie 17 designed
12 d'obstétrique 14 figo
12 d'obstétrique 16 has
13 ( 14 figo
14 figo 15 )
17 designed 21 coein
18 the 21 coein
19 palm 21 coein
20 - 21 coein
21 coein 30 and
22 ( 30 and
23 polyp 24 ,
24 , 25 adenomyosis
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 leiomyoma
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 malignancy
28 , 30 and
30 and 31 hyperplasia
30 and 58 .
31 hyperplasia 44 and
32 , 44 and
33 coagulopathy 34 ,
34 , 36 disorders
34 , 37 ,
35 ovulatory 36 disorders
37 , 39 disorders
37 , 40 ,
38 endometrial 39 disorders
40 , 42 causes
40 , 44 and
41 iatrogenic 42 causes
43 , 44 and
44 and 49 system
44 and 50 for
44 and 52 of
44 and 58 .
45 not 46 classified
46 classified 49 system
48 )(classification 49 system
50 for 51 causes
52 of 53 aub
53 aub 54 in
54 in 57 years
55 the 57 years
56 reproductive 57 years

aims : to know the organization of internal medicine departments ( imd ) and the opinion of their heads [of] department . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 know
3 to 4 know
4 know 21 department
5 the 21 department
6 organization 7 of
6 organization 14 and
7 of 10 departments
8 internal 9 medicine
9 medicine 10 departments
10 departments 12 imd
11 ( 12 imd
12 imd 13 )
14 and 16 opinion
14 and 17 of
14 and 21 department
15 the 16 opinion
17 of 19 heads
18 their 19 heads

methods : in 2008 , a survey was mailed to 410 heads of [department] [of] the imd of 313 spanish public hospitals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 2008
5 , 7 survey
5 , 9 mailed
6 a 7 survey
7 survey 8 was
8 was 9 mailed
9 mailed 10 to
10 to 12 heads
11 410 12 heads
12 heads 13 of
13 of 17 imd
16 the 17 imd
17 imd 18 of
18 of 22 hospitals
19 313 22 hospitals
20 spanish 21 public
21 public 22 hospitals

it included a standardized structured questionnaire on staff , hospitalization , outpatients , consultation , research and teaching . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 it 2 included
2 included 6 questionnaire
2 included 7 on
3 a 6 questionnaire
4 standardized 6 questionnaire
5 structured 6 questionnaire
7 on 17 and
8 staff 9 ,
9 , 10 hospitalization
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 outpatients
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 consultation
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 research
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 teaching

the heads of departments were also asked for their opinion and suggestions on management , projects and future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 heads
2 heads 3 of
2 heads 5 were
3 of 4 departments
5 were 6 also
5 were 7 asked
7 asked 8 for
7 asked 13 on
8 for 11 and
9 their 10 opinion
10 opinion 11 and
11 and 12 suggestions
13 on 17 and
14 management 15 ,
15 , 16 projects
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 future

results : sixty - eight surveys ( 22 % ) were filled out . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 surveys
2 : 12 filled
2 : 14 .
3 sixty 4 -
4 - 5 eight
4 - 6 surveys
6 surveys 9 %
6 surveys 11 were
7 ( 9 %
8 22 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 were 12 filled
12 filled 13 out

internists are [on] call an average of 3 times a month and perform 200 discharges , 500 outpatient visits and 40 consultations in a year . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 internists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 internists 2 are
2 are 12 and
4 call 6 average
4 call 11 month
4 call 12 and
5 an 6 average
6 average 7 of
7 of 9 times
8 3 9 times
10 a 11 month
12 and 13 perform
13 perform 20 and
14 200 20 and
15 discharges 16 ,
16 , 19 visits
16 , 20 and
17 500 19 visits
18 outpatient 19 visits
20 and 22 consultations
21 40 22 consultations
22 consultations 23 in
23 in 25 year
24 a 25 year

the average imd consists of 10 internists with one [-] fifth of the hospital beds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 imd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consists
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 average
2 average 3 imd
3 imd 4 consists
4 consists 5 of
5 of 7 internists
6 10 7 internists
7 internists 8 with
8 with 11 fifth
9 one 11 fifth
11 fifth 12 of
12 of 15 beds
13 the 15 beds
14 hospital 15 beds

one third of hospitals have alternatives to inpatient care , the most frequent being palliative care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 third
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 one 2 third
2 third 3 of
2 third 5 have
3 of 4 hospitals
5 have 6 alternatives
5 have 7 to
7 to 9 care
8 inpatient 9 care
10 , 16 care
11 the 12 most
12 most 16 care
13 frequent 14 being
14 being 16 care
15 palliative 16 care

infectious diseases accounts for the most common monographic outpatient visit , one - third of imd lack a structured relationship with primary care and the emergency department is [independent] of imd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accounts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 visit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 infectious 2 diseases
2 diseases 3 accounts
3 accounts 4 for
3 accounts 10 visit
4 for 9 outpatient
5 the 9 outpatient
6 most 7 common
7 common 9 outpatient
8 monographic 9 outpatient
11 , 12 one
11 , 13 -
13 - 20 relationship
13 - 28 is
13 - 32 .
14 third 20 relationship
15 of 17 lack
15 of 20 relationship
16 imd 17 lack
18 a 20 relationship
19 structured 20 relationship
20 relationship 21 with
20 relationship 28 is
21 with 24 and
22 primary 23 care
23 care 24 and
24 and 27 department
25 the 27 department
26 emergency 27 department
28 is 30 of
30 of 31 imd

half of the imd have at least one im resident and 6 residents in other specialties ; half are involved in at least two clinical trials and one - third train medical students . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 half 2 of
1 half 5 have
2 of 4 imd
3 the 4 imd
5 have 11 and
6 at 7 least
7 least 8 one
8 one 10 resident
9 im 10 resident
10 resident 11 and
11 and 13 residents
12 6 13 residents
13 residents 14 in
14 in 16 specialties
15 other 16 specialties
17 ; 18 half
17 ; 20 involved
17 ; 29 -
18 half 19 are
19 are 20 involved
20 involved 21 in
21 in 27 and
22 at 23 least
23 least 24 two
24 two 26 trials
25 clinical 26 trials
26 trials 27 and
27 and 28 one
29 - 33 students
30 third 31 train
31 train 33 students
32 medical 33 students

the heads of the imd identify problems in their relationship with hospital managers , other specialties and local population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heads
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 heads
2 heads 3 of
2 heads 6 identify
3 of 5 imd
4 the 5 imd
6 identify 7 problems
6 identify 11 with
7 problems 8 in
8 in 10 relationship
9 their 10 relationship
11 with 17 and
12 hospital 13 managers
13 managers 14 ,
14 , 16 specialties
14 , 17 and
15 other 16 specialties
17 and 19 population
18 local 19 population

excessive workload , aging and discouragement of staff and patients ' social problems have negative effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 excessive 2 workload
2 workload 3 ,
3 , 4 aging
3 , 5 and
5 and 6 discouragement
5 and 7 of
5 and 9 and
7 of 8 staff
9 and 13 problems
9 and 14 have
10 patients 11 '
11 ' 13 problems
12 social 13 problems
14 have 16 effects
15 negative 16 effects

even so , they want to initiate projects , are optimistic about the future and [take] an interest in clinical epidemiology research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 want
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 even 2 so
1 even 3 ,
1 even 4 they
2 so 3 ,
4 they 5 want
5 want 6 to
5 want 7 initiate
6 to 7 initiate
7 initiate 8 projects
9 , 10 are
10 are 15 and
10 are 19 in
11 optimistic 12 about
11 optimistic 15 and
12 about 14 future
13 the 14 future
15 and 18 interest
17 an 18 interest
19 in 22 research
20 clinical 21 epidemiology
21 epidemiology 22 research

conclusions : although the sample is small and heterogeneous , it permits a valuable panoramic view of the structure and standard operation of a spanish imd as well as their expectations and areas of improvement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 5 sample
4 the 5 sample
5 sample 6 is
6 is 8 and
7 small 8 and
8 and 9 heterogeneous
10 , 11 it
10 , 12 permits
11 it 12 permits
12 permits 20 and
13 a 16 view
14 valuable 16 view
15 panoramic 16 view
16 view 17 of
16 view 20 and
17 of 19 structure
18 the 19 structure
20 and 22 operation
20 and 23 of
21 standard 22 operation
23 of 26 imd
24 a 25 spanish
24 a 26 imd
25 spanish 26 imd
26 imd 29 as
26 imd 34 of
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
29 as 32 and
30 their 31 expectations
31 expectations 32 and
32 and 33 areas
34 of 35 improvement

essential [tremor] ( et ) is among the most common neurological disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 essential
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 essential 4 et
1 essential 6 is
3 ( 4 et
4 et 5 )
6 is 7 among
7 among 12 disorders
8 the 9 most
9 most 12 disorders
10 common 12 disorders
11 neurological 12 disorders

this chapter reviews the epidemiology , clinical features , and pathophysiology of et . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 chapter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 chapter
2 chapter 3 reviews
3 reviews 5 epidemiology
4 the 5 epidemiology
6 , 10 and
7 clinical 8 features
8 features 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 pathophysiology
10 and 12 of
12 of 13 et

the defining feature is a kinetic tremor of the arms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 feature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 feature
2 defining 3 feature
3 feature 4 is
4 is 7 tremor
5 a 6 kinetic
5 a 7 tremor
6 kinetic 7 tremor
7 tremor 8 of
8 of 10 arms
9 the 10 arms

patients often have a postural tremor as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 patients 3 have
2 often 3 have
3 have 6 tremor
3 have 7 as
4 a 5 postural
4 a 6 tremor
5 postural 6 tremor
7 as 8 well

other body regions may also be [involved] [(] especially the head [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 regions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 )(
1 other 3 regions
2 body 3 regions
3 regions 4 may
4 may 6 be
5 also 6 be
6 be 9 especially
6 be 11 head
10 the 11 head

the severity [of] tremor may range from mild cases in population settings to more severe cases in treatment settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tremor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 tremor
2 severity 4 tremor
4 tremor 5 may
5 may 6 range
6 range 7 from
6 range 10 in
6 range 13 to
6 range 17 in
7 from 9 cases
8 mild 9 cases
10 in 12 settings
11 population 12 settings
13 to 16 cases
14 more 15 severe
15 severe 16 cases
17 in 19 settings
18 treatment 19 settings

motor features [aside] [from] [tremor] have been described in et , including tandem gait difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 described
1 motor 2 features
2 features 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 described
8 described 9 in
9 in 10 et
10 et 12 including
11 , 12 including
12 including 15 difficulty
12 including 16 .
13 tandem 15 difficulty
14 gait 15 difficulty

mild cognitive changes ( especially executive dysfunction ) have been documented in many studies as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mild 3 changes
2 cognitive 3 changes
3 changes 7 dysfunction
3 changes 9 have
4 ( 7 dysfunction
5 especially 6 executive
6 executive 7 dysfunction
7 dysfunction 8 )
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 documented
11 documented 12 in
11 documented 15 as
12 in 14 studies
13 many 14 studies
15 as 16 well

despite being regarded [as] one of the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders , establishing a precise prevalence has been difficult , yet the prevalence among persons aged 40 and older seems to be 4 % [or] higher . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 despite 2 being
1 despite 5 one
2 being 3 regarded
5 one 6 of
5 one 11 movement
5 one 12 disorders
5 one 31 seems
6 of 8 most
7 the 8 most
9 common 11 movement
10 hyperkinetic 11 movement
11 movement 12 disorders
12 disorders 14 establishing
12 disorders 22 yet
12 disorders 29 and
13 , 14 establishing
14 establishing 17 prevalence
14 establishing 19 been
14 establishing 21 ,
15 a 17 prevalence
16 precise 17 prevalence
17 prevalence 18 has
18 has 19 been
19 been 20 difficult
23 the 24 prevalence
24 prevalence 25 among
24 prevalence 29 and
25 among 26 persons
26 persons 27 aged
27 aged 28 40
29 and 30 older
31 seems 32 to
31 seems 33 be
32 to 33 be
33 be 35 %
33 be 37 higher
34 4 35 %

[there] are numerous examples of families in which the disease appears to be inherited yet genetic studies have not progressed to the point where et genes have been identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 are 4 examples
2 are 23 point
2 are 24 where
3 numerous 4 examples
4 examples 5 of
5 of 6 families
6 families 7 in
6 families 14 inherited
6 families 17 studies
6 families 21 to
7 in 8 which
7 in 10 disease
7 in 11 appears
9 the 10 disease
10 disease 11 appears
11 appears 12 to
11 appears 13 be
12 to 13 be
14 inherited 15 yet
16 genetic 17 studies
17 studies 18 have
18 have 19 not
18 have 20 progressed
20 progressed 21 to
22 the 23 point
24 where 26 genes
24 where 29 identified
25 et 26 genes
26 genes 27 have
27 have 28 been
28 been 29 identified

there is also a growing understanding that environmental factors are likely to contribute to the etiology of et . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 3 also
2 is 6 understanding
4 a 6 understanding
5 growing 6 understanding
6 understanding 7 that
6 understanding 13 contribute
7 that 9 factors
7 that 10 are
8 environmental 9 factors
9 factors 10 are
10 are 11 likely
11 likely 12 to
11 likely 13 contribute
12 to 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
14 to 16 etiology
15 the 16 etiology
16 etiology 17 of
17 of 18 et

more recent postmortem studies have helped localize the possible source of et to structural alterations in the cerebellum and its connecting pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 helped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 more 2 recent
2 recent 4 studies
3 postmortem 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 helped
6 helped 7 localize
7 localize 10 source
7 localize 13 to
7 localize 16 in
8 the 10 source
9 possible 10 source
10 source 11 of
11 of 12 et
13 to 15 alterations
14 structural 15 alterations
16 in 19 and
17 the 18 cerebellum
18 cerebellum 19 and
19 and 22 pathways
20 its 22 pathways
21 connecting 22 pathways

an expansion of a trinucleotide cag repeat on chromosome 4 causes huntington disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expansion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 an 2 expansion
2 expansion 3 of
2 expansion 11 causes
3 of 7 repeat
4 a 7 repeat
5 trinucleotide 7 repeat
6 cag 7 repeat
7 repeat 8 on
8 on 9 chromosome
9 chromosome 10 4
11 causes 13 disease
12 huntington 13 disease

the abnormal elongation of the cag increases the polyglutamine stretch of huntingtin , which becomes proportionally toxic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 elongation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 elongation
2 abnormal 3 elongation
3 elongation 4 of
3 elongation 7 increases
4 of 6 cag
5 the 6 cag
7 increases 10 stretch
8 the 10 stretch
9 polyglutamine 10 stretch
10 stretch 11 of
11 of 12 huntingtin
13 , 14 which
13 , 15 becomes
14 which 15 becomes
15 becomes 16 proportionally
15 becomes 17 toxic

the mutated huntingtin is ubiquitous in somatic tissues , yet the pathologic changes are apparently restricted to the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 huntingtin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 huntingtin
2 mutated 3 huntingtin
3 huntingtin 4 is
4 is 5 ubiquitous
5 ubiquitous 6 in
6 in 8 tissues
7 somatic 8 tissues
9 , 10 yet
9 , 14 are
10 yet 13 changes
11 the 13 changes
12 pathologic 13 changes
13 changes 14 are
14 are 15 apparently
14 are 17 to
15 apparently 16 restricted
17 to 19 brain
18 the 19 brain

the degree of the abnormal expansion of the cag repeats governs the gradually diffuse atrophy of the brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 expansion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 governs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 degree
2 degree 3 of
2 degree 6 expansion
3 of 6 expansion
4 the 6 expansion
5 abnormal 6 expansion
6 expansion 7 of
6 expansion 11 governs
7 of 10 repeats
8 the 10 repeats
9 cag 10 repeats
11 governs 15 atrophy
12 the 15 atrophy
13 gradually 14 diffuse
14 diffuse 15 atrophy
15 atrophy 16 of
16 of 18 brain
17 the 18 brain

however , the brunt of the degenerative process involves the striatum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 brunt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 brunt
3 the 4 brunt
4 brunt 5 of
4 brunt 9 involves
5 of 8 process
6 the 8 process
7 degenerative 8 process
9 involves 11 striatum
10 the 11 striatum

the onset of symptoms is insidious , but the longer [the] cag expansion , the earlier [their] occurrence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 onset
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 onset
2 onset 3 of
2 onset 5 is
3 of 4 symptoms
5 is 6 insidious
6 insidious 8 but
7 , 8 but
8 but 13 expansion
8 but 14 ,
9 the 13 expansion
10 longer 13 expansion
12 cag 13 expansion
14 , 18 occurrence
15 the 18 occurrence
16 earlier 18 occurrence

they include psychiatric , motor , and cognitive disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 they 2 include
2 include 7 and
3 psychiatric 4 ,
4 , 5 motor
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 disorders
8 cognitive 9 disorders

patients with adult onset [of] symptoms are more prone to exhibit choreic movements whereas those [with] juvenile [onset] tend to develop parkinsonism or rigidity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 tend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 7 are
2 with 6 symptoms
3 adult 6 symptoms
4 onset 6 symptoms
7 are 9 prone
8 more 9 prone
9 prone 10 to
10 to 11 exhibit
11 exhibit 13 movements
11 exhibit 14 whereas
12 choreic 13 movements
14 whereas 17 juvenile
15 those 17 juvenile
17 juvenile 19 tend
19 tend 20 to
19 tend 21 develop
20 to 21 develop
21 develop 23 or
22 parkinsonism 23 or
23 or 24 rigidity

brains from patients [with] [juvenile] [onset] are usually more atrophic than [those] [with] adult onset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 brains 2 from
1 brains 7 are
2 from 3 patients
7 are 8 usually
7 are 10 atrophic
9 more 10 atrophic
10 atrophic 11 than
11 than 15 onset
14 adult 15 onset

brains from patients with late onset [of] symptoms might show changes occurring in usual aging in addition to those characteristically observed in huntington disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 observed
1 brains 2 from
1 brains 9 might
2 from 3 patients
3 patients 4 with
4 with 8 symptoms
5 late 6 onset
6 onset 8 symptoms
9 might 10 show
10 show 11 changes
10 show 12 occurring
10 show 21 observed
12 occurring 13 in
12 occurring 16 in
12 occurring 18 to
12 occurring 20 characteristically
12 occurring 21 observed
13 in 15 aging
14 usual 15 aging
16 in 17 addition
18 to 19 those
21 observed 22 in
21 observed 25 .
22 in 24 disease
23 huntington 24 disease

despite recent important discoveries , the pathogenesis [of] huntington disease is still not elucidated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 elucidated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 despite 4 discoveries
1 despite 5 ,
1 despite 10 disease
2 recent 4 discoveries
3 important 4 discoveries
6 the 10 disease
7 pathogenesis 10 disease
9 huntington 10 disease
10 disease 11 is
11 is 13 not
11 is 14 elucidated
12 still 13 not

many possible mechanisms underlying the relative selective vulnerability of neurons are being explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 many 3 mechanisms
2 possible 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 underlying
3 mechanisms 11 are
4 underlying 8 vulnerability
5 the 8 vulnerability
6 relative 8 vulnerability
7 selective 8 vulnerability
8 vulnerability 9 of
9 of 10 neurons
11 are 12 being
12 being 13 explored

in particular , factors promoting apoptosis , and phenomena causing the toxic aggregation of proteins , or the blockage of trophic factors , or mitochondria dysfunction , and excitoxicity have been studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 particular
2 particular 3 ,
2 particular 17 or
4 factors 5 promoting
4 factors 8 and
5 promoting 6 apoptosis
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 phenomena
8 and 17 or
9 phenomena 10 causing
9 phenomena 14 of
10 causing 13 aggregation
11 the 13 aggregation
12 toxic 13 aggregation
14 of 15 proteins
16 , 17 or
17 or 19 blockage
17 or 20 of
17 or 30 have
18 the 19 blockage
20 of 28 and
21 trophic 22 factors
22 factors 24 or
23 , 24 or
24 or 26 dysfunction
24 or 28 and
25 mitochondria 26 dysfunction
27 , 28 and
28 and 29 excitoxicity
30 have 31 been
31 been 32 studied

we investigated the possible differences in lymphocyte subpopulations between healthy young - middle [-] aged and elderly subjects , focusing attention on γδ - tcr - expressing cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 5 differences
3 the 5 differences
4 possible 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 9 between
6 in 8 subpopulations
7 lymphocyte 8 subpopulations
9 between 21 attention
10 healthy 21 attention
11 young 18 subjects
11 young 19 ,
11 young 21 attention
12 - 18 subjects
13 middle 18 subjects
15 aged 16 and
16 and 17 elderly
16 and 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 ,
20 focusing 21 attention
21 attention 22 on
22 on 28 cells
23 γδ 25 tcr
23 γδ 26 -
23 γδ 28 cells
24 - 25 tcr
25 tcr 26 -
27 expressing 28 cells

lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed in blood samples collected every four hours for 24 hours . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subpopulations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 lymphocyte 2 subpopulations
2 subpopulations 3 were
3 were 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 5 in
5 in 7 samples
6 blood 7 samples
7 samples 8 collected
8 collected 9 every
8 collected 12 for
9 every 11 hours
10 four 11 hours
12 for 14 hours
13 24 14 hours

the presence of circadian rhythmicity on absolute counts was validated to evaluate the periodicity of variation , and the fractional variation between single time point values was calculated to evaluate the dynamics of variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 9 was
3 of 5 rhythmicity
4 circadian 5 rhythmicity
5 rhythmicity 6 on
6 on 8 counts
7 absolute 8 counts
9 was 10 validated
10 validated 11 to
11 to 12 evaluate
12 evaluate 14 periodicity
12 evaluate 28 calculated
13 the 14 periodicity
14 periodicity 15 of
14 periodicity 27 was
15 of 18 and
16 variation 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 variation
18 and 22 between
19 the 21 variation
20 fractional 21 variation
22 between 26 values
23 single 26 values
24 time 26 values
25 point 26 values
27 was 28 calculated
28 calculated 29 to
29 to 30 evaluate
30 evaluate 32 dynamics
31 the 32 dynamics
32 dynamics 33 of
33 of 34 variation

in the group of young and middle - aged subjects a clear circadian rhythm was validated for the time - qualified changes of all the lymphocyte subpopulations ( cd3 , cd4 , cd4/cd8 ratio , cd20 , cd25 and hla - dr with acrophase at night , cd8 , cd16 and tcr γδ with acrophase at noon ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 rhythm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 in 3 group
1 in 14 rhythm
2 the 3 group
4 of 10 subjects
4 of 14 rhythm
5 young 6 and
6 and 7 middle
6 and 8 -
6 and 9 aged
6 and 10 subjects
11 a 14 rhythm
12 clear 14 rhythm
13 circadian 14 rhythm
14 rhythm 15 was
15 was 16 validated
16 validated 17 for
17 for 19 time
18 the 19 time
19 time 22 changes
20 - 22 changes
21 qualified 22 changes
22 changes 23 of
22 changes 29 cd3
22 changes 58 )
23 of 24 all
24 all 26 lymphocyte
24 all 27 subpopulations
25 the 26 lymphocyte
26 lymphocyte 27 subpopulations
28 ( 29 cd3
29 cd3 39 and
29 cd3 42 dr
29 cd3 58 )
30 , 39 and
31 cd4 32 ,
32 , 34 ratio
32 , 35 ,
33 cd4/cd8 34 ratio
35 , 36 cd20
35 , 37 ,
37 , 38 cd25
37 , 39 and
39 and 40 hla
39 and 41 -
41 - 42 dr
42 dr 43 with
42 dr 51 and
42 dr 53 γδ
42 dr 58 )
43 with 44 acrophase
44 acrophase 45 at
44 acrophase 48 cd8
45 at 46 night
47 , 48 cd8
48 cd8 49 ,
50 cd16 51 and
51 and 52 tcr
51 and 53 γδ
53 γδ 54 with
53 γδ 56 at
54 with 55 acrophase
56 at 57 noon

in the group of elderly subjects a clear circadian rhythm was validated for the nyctohemeral changes of cd3 , cd8 , cd4/cd8 ratio , cd16 , cd25 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 rhythm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 validated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 6 subjects
1 in 10 rhythm
2 the 3 group
3 group 4 of
3 group 6 subjects
4 of 6 subjects
5 elderly 6 subjects
7 a 8 clear
7 a 10 rhythm
8 clear 10 rhythm
9 circadian 10 rhythm
10 rhythm 11 was
11 was 12 validated
12 validated 13 for
13 for 16 changes
14 the 16 changes
15 nyctohemeral 16 changes
16 changes 17 of
17 of 18 cd3
18 cd3 20 cd8
19 , 20 cd8
20 cd8 21 ,
21 , 23 ratio
21 , 24 ,
22 cd4/cd8 23 ratio
24 , 25 cd16
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 cd25

there was a statistically significant difference for the midline estimating statistic of rhythm ( mesor ) of cd3 ( p=0.001 ) , cd25 ( p=0.003 ) and γδ - tcr - expressing cells ( p=0.004 ) , higher in the elderly , and for the mesor of hla - dr ( p=0.002 ) and cd20 ( p=0.002 ) higher in the young and middle - aged subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 difference
3 a 4 statistically
3 a 6 difference
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 difference
6 difference 7 for
6 difference 12 of
6 difference 17 of
6 difference 20 p=0.001
7 for 11 statistic
8 the 11 statistic
9 midline 10 estimating
10 estimating 11 statistic
12 of 15 mesor
13 rhythm 15 mesor
14 ( 15 mesor
15 mesor 16 )
17 of 18 cd3
19 ( 20 p=0.001
20 p=0.001 21 )
22 , 27 and
22 , 29 -
23 cd25 25 p=0.003
23 cd25 27 and
24 ( 25 p=0.003
25 p=0.003 26 )
27 and 28 γδ
27 and 29 -
29 - 54 and
29 - 68 .
30 tcr 33 cells
30 tcr 38 higher
30 tcr 54 and
31 - 33 cells
32 expressing 33 cells
33 cells 35 p=0.004
33 cells 37 ,
34 ( 35 p=0.004
35 p=0.004 36 )
38 higher 43 and
39 in 41 elderly
39 in 43 and
40 the 41 elderly
42 , 43 and
43 and 44 for
44 for 46 mesor
45 the 46 mesor
46 mesor 47 of
47 of 48 hla
48 hla 50 dr
49 - 50 dr
50 dr 52 p=0.002
50 dr 53 )
51 ( 52 p=0.002
52 p=0.002 53 )
54 and 55 cd20
55 cd20 57 p=0.002
55 cd20 59 higher
56 ( 57 p=0.002
57 p=0.002 58 )
59 higher 60 in
60 in 67 subjects
61 the 67 subjects
62 young 63 and
63 and 64 middle
63 and 65 -
63 and 67 subjects
66 aged 67 subjects

there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the fractional variation of tcr γδ - expressing cells between 18:00 h and 22:00 h values ( higher [in] elderly subjects , p=0.007 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 6 difference
2 was 16 γδ
3 a 4 statistically
3 a 6 difference
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 difference
6 difference 7 between
6 difference 10 in
6 difference 14 of
7 between 9 groups
8 the 9 groups
10 in 13 variation
11 the 13 variation
12 fractional 13 variation
14 of 15 tcr
16 γδ 18 expressing
17 - 18 expressing
18 expressing 19 cells
18 expressing 20 between
18 expressing 35 .
20 between 26 values
21 18:00 22 h
22 h 23 and
23 and 25 h
23 and 26 values
24 22:00 25 h
26 values 31 subjects
27 ( 31 subjects
28 higher 31 subjects
30 elderly 31 subjects
31 subjects 33 p=0.007
31 subjects 35 .
32 , 33 p=0.007
33 p=0.007 34 )

background : cellular senescence plays important roles in the aging process of complex organisms [,] in tumor suppression and in response to stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 senescence
2 : 5 plays
2 : 24 .
3 cellular 4 senescence
4 senescence 5 plays
5 plays 7 roles
5 plays 8 in
5 plays 22 to
6 important 7 roles
8 in 11 process
9 the 11 process
10 aging 11 process
11 process 12 of
11 process 19 and
12 of 14 organisms
13 complex 14 organisms
16 in 18 suppression
16 in 19 and
17 tumor 18 suppression
19 and 21 response
20 in 21 response
22 to 23 stress

several markers can be used to identify senescent cells , of which the most widely used is the senescence - associated β - galactosidase ( sabg ) activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 markers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 several 2 markers
2 markers 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 identify
6 to 7 identify
7 identify 9 cells
8 senescent 9 cells
10 , 14 most
10 , 17 is
10 , 20 -
11 of 12 which
11 of 14 most
13 the 14 most
14 most 16 used
14 most 17 is
15 widely 16 used
17 is 19 senescence
18 the 19 senescence
20 - 28 activity
20 - 29 .
21 associated 28 activity
22 β 24 galactosidase
22 β 28 activity
23 - 24 galactosidase
24 galactosidase 26 sabg
24 galactosidase 27 )
25 ( 26 sabg
26 sabg 27 )

the main advantage of sabg activity over other markers is the simplicity of the detection assay and the capacity to identify in situ a senescent cell in a heterogeneous cell population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 advantage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 3 advantage
3 advantage 4 of
3 advantage 10 is
4 of 6 activity
5 sabg 6 activity
6 activity 7 over
7 over 9 markers
8 other 9 markers
10 is 12 simplicity
11 the 12 simplicity
12 simplicity 13 of
12 simplicity 20 to
12 simplicity 21 identify
13 of 17 and
14 the 16 assay
15 detection 16 assay
16 assay 17 and
17 and 19 capacity
18 the 19 capacity
20 to 21 identify
21 identify 23 situ
21 identify 26 cell
21 identify 27 in
22 in 23 situ
24 a 25 senescent
24 a 26 cell
25 senescent 26 cell
27 in 31 population
28 a 29 heterogeneous
28 a 31 population
29 heterogeneous 30 cell
30 cell 31 population

several approaches have been introduced to render the sabg assay quantitative . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 introduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 several 2 approaches
2 approaches 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 introduced
5 introduced 6 to
6 to 7 render
7 render 10 assay
7 render 11 quantitative
8 the 10 assay
9 sabg 10 assay

however none of these approaches to date has proven particularly amenable to quantitative analysis of sabg activity in situ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 none
2 none 3 of
2 none 8 has
3 of 5 approaches
4 these 5 approaches
5 approaches 7 date
6 to 7 date
8 has 9 proven
9 proven 11 amenable
10 particularly 11 amenable
11 amenable 12 to
11 amenable 19 situ
12 to 14 analysis
13 quantitative 14 analysis
14 analysis 15 of
15 of 17 activity
16 sabg 17 activity
18 in 19 situ

furthermore the role of cellular senescence ( cs ) in vivo remains unclear mainly due to the ambiguity of current cellular markers in identifying cs of individual cells in tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 furthermore 3 role
2 the 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 12 remains
4 of 6 senescence
5 cellular 6 senescence
6 senescence 8 cs
7 ( 8 cs
8 cs 9 )
10 in 11 vivo
11 vivo 12 remains
12 remains 13 unclear
13 unclear 14 mainly
13 unclear 23 in
14 mainly 16 to
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 ambiguity
17 the 18 ambiguity
18 ambiguity 19 of
19 of 22 markers
20 current 22 markers
21 cellular 22 markers
23 in 24 identifying
24 identifying 25 cs
24 identifying 29 in
25 cs 26 of
26 of 28 cells
27 individual 28 cells
29 in 30 tissues

results : in the current study we applied a digital image analysis technique to the staining generated using the original sabg assay , and demonstrate that this analysis is highly reproducible and sensitive to subtle differences in staining intensities resulting from diverse cellular senescence pathways in culture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 we
2 : 24 and
2 : 48 .
3 in 6 study
3 in 7 we
4 the 6 study
5 current 6 study
7 we 24 and
8 applied 13 technique
8 applied 14 to
8 applied 18 using
8 applied 24 and
9 a 13 technique
10 digital 11 image
11 image 12 analysis
12 analysis 13 technique
14 to 16 staining
15 the 16 staining
16 staining 17 generated
18 using 22 assay
19 the 22 assay
20 original 22 assay
21 sabg 22 assay
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 demonstrate
25 demonstrate 26 that
26 that 28 analysis
26 that 29 is
27 this 28 analysis
28 analysis 29 is
29 is 30 highly
29 is 32 and
31 reproducible 32 and
32 and 33 sensitive
33 sensitive 34 to
34 to 36 differences
35 subtle 36 differences
36 differences 37 in
37 in 38 staining
38 staining 39 intensities
38 staining 41 from
39 intensities 40 resulting
41 from 45 pathways
42 diverse 44 senescence
43 cellular 44 senescence
44 senescence 45 pathways
45 pathways 46 in
46 in 47 culture

we have further validated our method on mouse kidney samples [with] and without diabetes mellitus , and show that a more accurate quantitative sabg activity with a wider range of values can be achieved at a ph lower than that used in the conventional sabg assay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 we 17 and
2 have 4 validated
2 have 17 and
3 further 4 validated
4 validated 6 method
5 our 6 method
6 method 12 and
7 on 10 samples
7 on 12 and
8 mouse 9 kidney
9 kidney 10 samples
12 and 13 without
13 without 15 mellitus
14 diabetes 15 mellitus
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 show
18 show 19 that
19 that 25 activity
19 that 34 achieved
20 a 25 activity
21 more 22 accurate
22 accurate 25 activity
23 quantitative 25 activity
24 sabg 25 activity
25 activity 26 with
25 activity 30 of
25 activity 32 can
26 with 29 range
27 a 29 range
28 wider 29 range
30 of 31 values
32 can 33 be
33 be 34 achieved
34 achieved 35 at
34 achieved 38 lower
35 at 37 ph
36 a 37 ph
38 lower 39 than
39 than 40 that
39 than 41 used
39 than 42 in
40 that 41 used
42 in 46 assay
43 the 46 assay
44 conventional 46 assay
45 sabg 46 assay

conclusions : we conclude that quantitative in [situ] sabg assay , is feasible and reproducible and that [the] ph at which the reaction [is] performed should be tailored [and] chosen , depending on the research question and experimental system of interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conclude
2 : 11 ,
2 : 12 is
3 we 4 conclude
4 conclude 5 that
5 that 6 quantitative
6 quantitative 7 in
7 in 10 assay
9 sabg 10 assay
11 , 12 is
12 is 19 ph
13 feasible 14 and
14 and 15 reproducible
14 and 16 and
16 and 17 that
16 and 19 ph
19 ph 20 at
19 ph 28 tailored
19 ph 30 chosen
20 at 21 which
20 at 23 reaction
20 at 27 be
22 the 23 reaction
23 reaction 25 performed
23 reaction 26 should
26 should 27 be
30 chosen 32 depending
30 chosen 33 on
31 , 32 depending
33 on 37 and
34 the 36 question
35 research 36 question
36 question 37 and
37 and 39 system
37 and 42 .
38 experimental 39 system
39 system 40 of
40 of 41 interest

introduction : in critically ill patients , it is uncertain whether exposure to older red blood cells ( rbcs ) may contribute to mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 patients
4 critically 5 ill
5 ill 6 patients
7 , 8 it
7 , 9 is
8 it 9 is
9 is 10 uncertain
10 uncertain 11 whether
11 whether 12 exposure
11 whether 22 contribute
12 exposure 13 to
12 exposure 21 may
13 to 17 cells
14 older 16 blood
15 red 16 blood
16 blood 17 cells
17 cells 19 rbcs
18 ( 19 rbcs
19 rbcs 20 )
21 may 22 contribute
22 contribute 23 to
23 to 24 mortality

we therefore aimed to evaluate the association between the age of rbcs and outcome in a large unselected cohort of critically ill patients in australia and new zealand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 3 aimed
2 therefore 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
3 aimed 5 evaluate
4 to 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 association
5 evaluate 15 in
5 evaluate 24 in
6 the 7 association
7 association 8 between
8 between 10 age
9 the 10 age
10 age 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 rbcs 13 and
13 and 14 outcome
15 in 19 cohort
16 a 17 large
16 a 19 cohort
17 large 19 cohort
18 unselected 19 cohort
19 cohort 20 of
20 of 23 patients
21 critically 22 ill
22 ill 23 patients
24 in 28 zealand
25 australia 26 and
26 and 27 new
27 new 28 zealand

we hypothesized that exposure to [even] a single unit of older rbcs may be associated with an increased risk of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 4 exposure
3 that 15 associated
4 exposure 5 to
4 exposure 10 of
4 exposure 13 may
5 to 9 unit
7 a 9 unit
8 single 9 unit
10 of 12 rbcs
11 older 12 rbcs
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 19 risk
17 an 19 risk
18 increased 19 risk
19 risk 20 of
20 of 21 death

methods : we conducted a prospective , multicenter observational study in 47 icus during a 5 [-] week period between august 2008 and september 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 conducted
2 : 26 .
3 we 4 conducted
4 conducted 10 study
4 conducted 11 in
5 a 6 prospective
5 a 10 study
6 prospective 7 ,
6 prospective 10 study
8 multicenter 10 study
9 observational 10 study
11 in 23 and
12 47 13 icus
13 icus 14 during
13 icus 23 and
14 during 19 period
15 a 19 period
16 5 18 week
18 week 19 period
19 period 20 between
20 between 21 august
21 august 22 2008
23 and 24 september
24 september 25 2008

we included 757 critically ill adult patients receiving at least one unit of rbcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 included
2 included 7 patients
3 757 7 patients
4 critically 5 ill
5 ill 6 adult
6 adult 7 patients
7 patients 8 receiving
8 receiving 12 unit
9 at 10 least
10 least 11 one
11 one 12 unit
12 unit 13 of
13 of 14 rbcs

to test our hypothesis we compared hospital mortality according to quartiles of exposure to maximum age of rbcs [without] and with adjustment for possible confounding factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 test
2 test 4 hypothesis
3 our 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 we
4 hypothesis 9 according
5 we 6 compared
6 compared 8 mortality
7 hospital 8 mortality
8 mortality 9 according
9 according 10 to
10 to 11 quartiles
11 quartiles 12 of
12 of 13 exposure
13 exposure 20 and
14 to 16 age
14 to 20 and
15 maximum 16 age
16 age 17 of
17 of 18 rbcs
20 and 21 with
21 with 22 adjustment
22 adjustment 23 for
23 for 26 factors
24 possible 26 factors
25 confounding 26 factors

results : compared with other quartiles [(] mean maximum red cell age 22.7 days [;] [mortality] 121/568 ( 21.3 % ) [ )(, [patients] treated with exposure to the lowest quartile of [oldest] rbcs [(] mean maximum red cell age 7.7 days [;] hospital [mortality] 25/189 ( 13.2 % ) [ )(had an unadjusted absolute risk reduction in hospital mortality of 8.1 % ( 95 % confidence interval = 2.2 to 14.0 % [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 6 quartiles
4 with 14 days
5 other 6 quartiles
8 mean 9 maximum
9 maximum 14 days
10 red 11 cell
11 cell 14 days
12 age 14 days
13 22.7 14 days
14 days 17 121/568
14 days 20 %
14 days 25 treated
18 ( 20 %
19 21.3 20 %
20 % 21 )
23 )(, 25 treated
25 treated 26 with
25 treated 28 to
26 with 27 exposure
28 to 31 quartile
29 the 30 lowest
29 the 31 quartile
31 quartile 32 of
32 of 42 days
34 rbcs 37 maximum
36 mean 37 maximum
37 maximum 38 red
38 red 42 days
39 cell 40 age
40 age 42 days
41 7.7 42 days
42 days 44 hospital
42 days 52 )(had
44 hospital 46 25/189
44 hospital 49 %
44 hospital 52 )(had
47 ( 49 %
48 13.2 49 %
49 % 50 )
52 )(had 57 reduction
52 )(had 58 in
53 an 57 reduction
54 unadjusted 57 reduction
55 absolute 57 reduction
56 risk 57 reduction
58 in 60 mortality
59 hospital 60 mortality
60 mortality 61 of
60 mortality 68 interval
61 of 63 %
62 8.1 63 %
64 ( 68 interval
65 95 68 interval
66 % 67 confidence
67 confidence 68 interval
68 interval 71 to
68 interval 75 )(
69 = 70 2.2
70 2.2 71 to
71 to 72 14.0
72 14.0 73 %

after adjustment for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation iii score , other blood component transfusions , number of rbc transfusions , pretransfusion hemoglobin concentration , and cardiac surgery , the odds ratio for hospital mortality for patients exposed to the older three quartiles compared with the lowest quartile was 2.01 ( 95 % confidence interval = 1.07 to 3.77 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 after 2 adjustment
1 after 33 ratio
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 6 and
2 adjustment 11 score
2 adjustment 16 transfusions
3 for 4 acute
5 physiology 6 and
6 and 9 evaluation
6 and 11 score
7 chronic 8 health
8 health 9 evaluation
9 evaluation 10 iii
12 , 16 transfusions
13 other 16 transfusions
14 blood 15 component
15 component 16 transfusions
16 transfusions 27 and
16 transfusions 30 ,
17 , 27 and
18 number 19 of
18 number 22 ,
19 of 21 transfusions
20 rbc 21 transfusions
22 , 25 concentration
22 , 27 and
23 pretransfusion 25 concentration
24 hemoglobin 25 concentration
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 surgery
27 and 30 ,
28 cardiac 29 surgery
31 the 33 ratio
32 odds 33 ratio
33 ratio 34 for
33 ratio 37 for
33 ratio 40 to
33 ratio 50 was
34 for 36 mortality
35 hospital 36 mortality
37 for 38 patients
38 patients 39 exposed
40 to 44 quartiles
41 the 44 quartiles
42 older 44 quartiles
43 three 44 quartiles
44 quartiles 45 compared
44 quartiles 46 with
46 with 49 quartile
47 the 48 lowest
47 the 49 quartile
50 was 51 2.01
51 2.01 56 interval
52 ( 56 interval
53 95 54 %
54 % 56 interval
55 confidence 56 interval
56 interval 59 to
56 interval 61 )
57 = 58 1.07
58 1.07 59 to
59 to 60 3.77

conclusions : in critically ill patients , in australia and new zealand , exposure to older rbcs is independently associated with an increased risk of death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 patients
4 critically 5 ill
5 ill 6 patients
6 patients 8 in
7 , 8 in
8 in 10 and
8 in 13 ,
9 australia 10 and
10 and 12 zealand
11 new 12 zealand
13 , 14 exposure
13 , 20 associated
14 exposure 15 to
14 exposure 18 is
15 to 17 rbcs
16 older 17 rbcs
18 is 20 associated
19 independently 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 24 risk
22 an 24 risk
23 increased 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
25 of 26 death

aging is characterized by progressive impairment of functional capacities of all system organs , reduction in homeostatic mechanisms , and altered response to receptor stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 3 characterized
3 characterized 4 by
3 characterized 23 to
4 by 20 and
5 progressive 6 impairment
6 impairment 7 of
6 impairment 20 and
7 of 9 capacities
8 functional 9 capacities
9 capacities 10 of
10 of 13 organs
11 all 13 organs
12 system 13 organs
13 organs 15 reduction
14 , 15 reduction
15 reduction 16 in
15 reduction 19 ,
16 in 18 mechanisms
17 homeostatic 18 mechanisms
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 response
21 altered 22 response
23 to 25 stimulation
24 receptor 25 stimulation

these age - related physiologic changes influence both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 related
1 these 2 age
3 - 4 related
4 related 7 influence
4 related 14 in
4 related 17 .
5 physiologic 6 changes
6 changes 7 influence
7 influence 10 and
7 influence 12 of
8 both 9 pharmacokinetics
9 pharmacokinetics 10 and
10 and 11 pharmacodynamics
12 of 13 drugs
14 in 16 patients
15 elderly 16 patients

pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes as well as polypharmacy and comorbidities may alter significantly the effect of pharmacological treatment with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 pharmacokinetic 2 and
2 and 3 pharmacodynamics
2 and 9 and
4 changes 7 as
4 changes 9 and
5 as 6 well
6 well 7 as
7 as 8 polypharmacy
9 and 12 alter
10 comorbidities 11 may
11 may 12 alter
12 alter 13 significantly
12 alter 15 effect
12 alter 19 with
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
16 of 18 treatment
17 pharmacological 18 treatment
19 with 20 advancing
20 advancing 21 age

with the same drug concentration at the site of action , significant differences in the response to several drugs have been observed in older patients as compared to younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 with 5 concentration
1 with 11 ,
1 with 13 differences
2 the 3 same
2 the 5 concentration
4 drug 5 concentration
5 concentration 6 at
5 concentration 9 of
6 at 8 site
7 the 8 site
9 of 10 action
12 significant 13 differences
13 differences 14 in
13 differences 20 have
14 in 16 response
15 the 16 response
16 response 17 to
17 to 19 drugs
18 several 19 drugs
20 have 21 been
21 been 22 observed
22 observed 23 in
22 observed 26 as
23 in 25 patients
24 older 25 patients
26 as 27 compared
27 compared 28 to
28 to 30 patients
29 younger 30 patients

elderly patients are particularly suceptibles to the effects of frequently prescribed drugs acting on central nervous [system] , such [as] benzodiazepines , antidepressants , antipsychotics and lithium , with high potential for adverse drug reactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
1 elderly 2 patients
2 patients 3 are
3 are 4 particularly
3 are 5 suceptibles
5 suceptibles 6 to
5 suceptibles 9 of
5 suceptibles 13 acting
6 to 8 effects
7 the 8 effects
9 of 12 drugs
10 frequently 11 prescribed
11 prescribed 12 drugs
13 acting 14 on
14 on 23 antidepressants
15 central 23 antidepressants
16 nervous 21 benzodiazepines
16 nervous 22 ,
16 nervous 23 antidepressants
18 , 21 benzodiazepines
19 such 21 benzodiazepines
21 benzodiazepines 22 ,
24 , 26 and
25 antipsychotics 26 and
26 and 27 lithium
26 and 29 with
28 , 29 with
29 with 31 potential
29 with 36 .
30 high 31 potential
31 potential 32 for
32 for 35 reactions
33 adverse 35 reactions
34 drug 35 reactions

moreover , in older patients increased sensitivity to warfarin resulting in increased risk of bleeding has been previously documented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 7 sensitivity
3 in 5 patients
3 in 7 sensitivity
4 older 5 patients
5 patients 6 increased
7 sensitivity 8 to
7 sensitivity 10 resulting
7 sensitivity 16 has
8 to 9 warfarin
10 resulting 11 in
11 in 13 risk
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 15 bleeding
16 has 17 been
17 been 19 documented
18 previously 19 documented

on the other hand , reduced effectiveness of conventional doses of cardiovascular drugs , such as diuretics and β - blockers , has been observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 effectiveness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 7 effectiveness
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 reduced 7 effectiveness
7 effectiveness 8 of
7 effectiveness 11 of
7 effectiveness 23 has
8 of 10 doses
9 conventional 10 doses
11 of 13 drugs
12 cardiovascular 13 drugs
13 drugs 16 as
14 , 16 as
15 such 16 as
16 as 18 and
16 as 22 ,
17 diuretics 18 and
18 and 21 blockers
19 β 20 -
19 β 21 blockers
23 has 24 been
24 been 25 observed

due to pharmacodynamic changes , therefore , dose adjustment of [the] above mentioned cardiovascular and psychotropic drugs is [recommended] [in] elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 4 changes
2 to 5 ,
2 to 9 adjustment
3 pharmacodynamic 4 changes
5 , 6 therefore
6 therefore 7 ,
6 therefore 9 adjustment
8 dose 9 adjustment
9 adjustment 10 of
9 adjustment 18 is
10 of 12 above
12 above 17 drugs
13 mentioned 17 drugs
14 cardiovascular 15 and
15 and 16 psychotropic
15 and 17 drugs
18 is 21 elderly

clinicians should be aware of the age - related physiologic changes affecting several organ systems and their implications on the effect of drugs that are commonly prescribed to elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 clinicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 clinicians 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 aware
4 aware 5 of
5 of 7 age
6 the 7 age
8 - 9 related
9 related 16 and
9 related 19 on
9 related 28 to
10 physiologic 11 changes
11 changes 12 affecting
11 changes 16 and
12 affecting 15 systems
13 several 15 systems
14 organ 15 systems
16 and 18 implications
17 their 18 implications
19 on 21 effect
20 the 21 effect
21 effect 22 of
22 of 23 drugs
23 drugs 24 that
23 drugs 25 are
24 that 25 are
25 are 26 commonly
25 are 27 prescribed
28 to 30 patients
29 elderly 30 patients

changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics , associated with increasing age , are often considered the only culprits of increasing adverse drug reactions ( adr ) rate observed in older adults , but other factors may be responsible for a reduction in drug efficacy and increase the risk of iatrogenic illness in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 changes 2 in
1 changes 4 and
2 in 3 pharmacokinetics
4 and 5 pharmacodynamics
4 and 7 associated
4 and 12 are
6 , 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 11 ,
8 with 9 increasing
9 increasing 10 age
12 are 13 often
12 are 14 considered
15 the 16 only
15 the 17 culprits
17 culprits 18 of
17 culprits 22 reactions
17 culprits 26 rate
17 culprits 27 observed
18 of 19 increasing
19 increasing 21 drug
20 adverse 21 drug
22 reactions 24 adr
22 reactions 26 rate
23 ( 24 adr
24 adr 25 )
27 observed 28 in
27 observed 31 ,
28 in 30 adults
29 older 30 adults
32 but 34 factors
32 but 44 and
33 other 34 factors
34 factors 35 may
35 may 44 and
36 be 37 responsible
36 be 44 and
37 responsible 38 for
38 for 40 reduction
39 a 40 reduction
40 reduction 41 in
41 in 43 efficacy
42 drug 43 efficacy
44 and 45 increase
45 increase 47 risk
46 the 47 risk
47 risk 48 of
47 risk 51 in
48 of 50 illness
49 iatrogenic 50 illness
51 in 53 population
52 this 53 population

the aging process is characterized by a high level of complexity , which makes the care of older adults and the use of medications a challenging task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 process
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 process
2 aging 3 process
3 process 4 is
4 is 5 characterized
5 characterized 6 by
6 by 9 level
7 a 8 high
7 a 9 level
8 high 9 level
9 level 10 of
10 of 11 complexity
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 makes
13 which 14 makes
14 makes 16 care
14 makes 27 task
15 the 16 care
16 care 17 of
17 of 20 and
18 older 19 adults
19 adults 20 and
20 and 22 use
20 and 23 of
21 the 22 use
23 of 24 medications
25 a 27 task
26 challenging 27 task

in particular , comorbidity , geriatric syndromes , cognitive and functional deficits , limited life expectancy are typical conditions observed in older adults which may reduce the efficacy of prescribed drugs and increase the risk of iatrogenic illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 16 expectancy
1 in 17 are
2 particular 10 and
2 particular 16 expectancy
3 , 10 and
4 comorbidity 5 ,
5 , 7 syndromes
5 , 8 ,
6 geriatric 7 syndromes
8 , 9 cognitive
8 , 10 and
10 and 12 deficits
10 and 13 ,
11 functional 12 deficits
14 limited 16 expectancy
15 life 16 expectancy
17 are 19 conditions
18 typical 19 conditions
19 conditions 20 observed
20 observed 21 in
21 in 23 adults
22 older 23 adults
23 adults 24 which
23 adults 32 and
24 which 32 and
25 may 26 reduce
25 may 32 and
26 reduce 28 efficacy
27 the 28 efficacy
28 efficacy 29 of
29 of 31 drugs
30 prescribed 31 drugs
32 and 33 increase
33 increase 35 risk
34 the 35 risk
35 risk 36 of
36 of 38 illness
37 iatrogenic 38 illness

as a consequence , a comprehensive assessment and management of the health care problems , with the goal of recognizing and preventing potential drug - related problems and improve quality of prescribing is necessary to reduce the risk of adr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 as 8 and
1 as 28 and
1 as 30 quality
2 a 3 consequence
3 consequence 4 ,
4 , 7 assessment
4 , 8 and
5 a 6 comprehensive
5 a 7 assessment
6 comprehensive 7 assessment
8 and 9 management
8 and 10 of
8 and 16 with
8 and 28 and
10 of 14 problems
11 the 14 problems
12 health 13 care
13 care 14 problems
15 , 16 with
16 with 18 goal
16 with 25 -
17 the 18 goal
18 goal 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 recognizing 21 and
21 and 24 drug
22 preventing 24 drug
23 potential 24 drug
26 related 27 problems
26 related 28 and
28 and 29 improve
30 quality 31 of
30 quality 33 is
31 of 32 prescribing
33 is 34 necessary
34 necessary 35 to
34 necessary 36 reduce
35 to 36 reduce
36 reduce 38 risk
37 the 38 risk
38 risk 39 of
39 of 40 adr

several studies have assessed the effect of a comprehensive geriatric assessment and management on drug prescribing and drug related illness , showing a substantial improvement in quality of prescription and a reduction [in] rate of adr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 assessed
4 assessed 6 effect
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 11 assessment
8 a 11 assessment
9 comprehensive 11 assessment
10 geriatric 11 assessment
12 and 17 and
12 and 19 related
13 management 14 on
13 management 17 and
14 on 16 prescribing
15 drug 16 prescribing
17 and 18 drug
17 and 19 related
19 related 20 illness
20 illness 22 showing
21 , 22 showing
22 showing 25 improvement
22 showing 30 and
22 showing 37 .
23 a 24 substantial
23 a 25 improvement
24 substantial 25 improvement
25 improvement 26 in
26 in 27 quality
27 quality 28 of
28 of 29 prescription
30 and 34 rate
31 a 32 reduction
31 a 34 rate
32 reduction 34 rate
34 rate 35 of
35 of 36 adr

in addition , clinical guidelines providing recommendations regarding the use of drugs in chronic disease rarely assess the level of complexity observed in older adults and therefore they should be applied with caution in this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 guidelines
4 clinical 5 guidelines
5 guidelines 6 providing
5 guidelines 17 assess
6 providing 7 recommendations
6 providing 13 in
7 recommendations 8 regarding
7 recommendations 11 of
8 regarding 10 use
9 the 10 use
11 of 12 drugs
13 in 15 disease
14 chronic 15 disease
16 rarely 17 assess
17 assess 19 level
17 assess 23 in
18 the 19 level
19 level 20 of
19 level 22 observed
20 of 21 complexity
23 in 25 adults
24 older 25 adults
26 and 27 therefore
26 and 28 they
26 and 31 applied
28 they 29 should
29 should 30 be
30 be 31 applied
31 applied 32 with
31 applied 34 in
32 with 33 caution
34 in 36 population
35 this 36 population

ageing is characterized by a progressive decline in the functional reserve of multiple organs and systems , which can influence drug disposition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ageing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 ageing 2 is
2 is 3 characterized
3 characterized 4 by
3 characterized 8 in
4 by 7 decline
5 a 6 progressive
5 a 7 decline
6 progressive 7 decline
8 in 15 and
9 the 11 reserve
10 functional 11 reserve
11 reserve 12 of
11 reserve 15 and
12 of 14 organs
13 multiple 14 organs
15 and 16 systems
17 , 18 which
17 , 21 drug
18 which 19 can
18 which 21 drug
19 can 20 influence
19 can 21 drug
21 drug 22 disposition

in addition , comorbidity and polypharmacy are highly prevalent in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 and
4 comorbidity 5 and
5 and 6 polypharmacy
5 and 7 are
7 are 8 highly
7 are 9 prevalent
9 prevalent 10 in
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly

as ageing is associated with some reduction in first - pass metabolism , bioavailability of a few drugs can be increased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 bioavailability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 as 2 ageing
1 as 4 associated
1 as 13 ,
1 as 14 bioavailability
2 ageing 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 reduction
6 some 7 reduction
7 reduction 8 in
7 reduction 12 metabolism
8 in 9 first
10 - 12 metabolism
11 pass 12 metabolism
12 metabolism 13 ,
14 bioavailability 15 of
14 bioavailability 19 can
15 of 18 drugs
16 a 17 few
17 few 18 drugs
19 can 20 be
20 be 21 increased

with ageing body fat increases and total body water as well as lean body mass decrease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 with 2 ageing
1 with 6 and
3 body 5 increases
4 fat 5 increases
5 increases 6 and
6 and 8 body
6 and 9 water
7 total 8 body
9 water 10 as
10 as 16 decrease
11 well 16 decrease
12 as 13 lean
13 lean 14 body
14 body 16 decrease
15 mass 16 decrease

consequently , hydrophilic drugs have a smaller apparent volume of distribution ( v ) and lipophilic drugs have an increased v with a prolonged [half] [-] life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 4 drugs
3 hydrophilic 4 drugs
4 drugs 5 have
5 have 9 volume
6 a 9 volume
7 smaller 9 volume
8 apparent 9 volume
9 volume 10 of
10 of 11 distribution
11 distribution 13 v
12 ( 13 v
13 v 14 )
15 and 17 drugs
15 and 18 have
16 lipophilic 17 drugs
17 drugs 18 have
18 have 21 v
18 have 22 with
19 an 21 v
20 increased 21 v
22 with 27 life
23 a 27 life
24 prolonged 27 life

drugs with a high hepatic extraction ratio display some age - related decrease in systemic clearance ( cl ) , but for most drugs with a low hepatic extraction ratio , cl is not reduced with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 display
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 drugs 2 with
1 drugs 8 display
2 with 7 ratio
3 a 7 ratio
4 high 6 extraction
5 hepatic 6 extraction
6 extraction 7 ratio
8 display 10 age
9 some 10 age
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 decrease
12 related 31 ,
13 decrease 14 in
14 in 16 clearance
15 systemic 16 clearance
16 clearance 18 cl
16 clearance 21 but
17 ( 18 cl
18 cl 19 )
20 , 21 but
21 but 22 for
21 but 31 ,
22 for 24 drugs
23 most 24 drugs
24 drugs 25 with
25 with 30 ratio
26 a 30 ratio
27 low 30 ratio
28 hepatic 29 extraction
29 extraction 30 ratio
31 , 32 cl
31 , 35 reduced
32 cl 33 is
33 is 34 not
33 is 35 reduced
35 reduced 36 with
36 with 37 advancing
37 advancing 38 age

in general , activities of cytochrome p450 enzymes are preserved in normal ageing and the genetic influence is much more striking than age effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 activities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 preserved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 general
2 general 3 ,
2 general 4 activities
4 activities 5 of
4 activities 9 are
5 of 8 enzymes
6 cytochrome 8 enzymes
7 p450 8 enzymes
9 are 10 preserved
10 preserved 11 in
11 in 13 ageing
12 normal 13 ageing
14 and 17 influence
14 and 18 is
15 the 17 influence
16 genetic 17 influence
17 influence 18 is
18 is 21 striking
19 much 20 more
20 more 21 striking
21 striking 22 than
22 than 24 effects
23 age 24 effects

drug transporters play an important role in pharmacokinetic processes , but their function and pharmacology have not yet been fully examined for agerelated effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 transporters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 drug 2 transporters
2 transporters 3 play
3 play 6 role
3 play 7 in
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 role
5 important 6 role
7 in 9 processes
8 pharmacokinetic 9 processes
10 , 11 but
11 but 14 and
11 but 21 examined
12 their 13 function
13 function 14 and
14 and 15 pharmacology
14 and 16 have
16 have 17 not
16 have 19 been
18 yet 19 been
19 been 21 examined
20 fully 21 examined
21 examined 22 for
22 for 24 effects
23 agerelated 24 effects

one third of elderly persons show no decrease in renal function [(] gfr > 70 ml/min/1.73 m2 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 third
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 )(
1 one 2 third
2 third 3 of
2 third 6 show
3 of 5 persons
4 elderly 5 persons
6 show 8 decrease
6 show 9 in
6 show 15 70
6 show 16 ml/min/1.73
7 no 8 decrease
9 in 13 gfr
10 renal 11 function
11 function 13 gfr
14 > 15 70
15 70 16 ml/min/1.73
16 ml/min/1.73 17 m2

in about two thirds of elderly subjects , the age - related decline [of] renal function [was] associated with coexisting cardiovascular diseases and other risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 risk
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 2 about
1 in 23 and
2 about 4 thirds
3 two 4 thirds
4 thirds 5 of
4 thirds 12 related
4 thirds 19 with
5 of 7 subjects
6 elderly 7 subjects
7 subjects 10 age
8 , 10 age
9 the 10 age
10 age 11 -
12 related 18 associated
13 decline 18 associated
15 renal 16 function
16 function 18 associated
19 with 20 coexisting
20 coexisting 22 diseases
21 cardiovascular 22 diseases
23 and 24 other
23 and 25 risk
25 risk 26 factors

in the elderly a large interindividual variability in drug disposition is particularly prominent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 3 elderly
1 in 11 is
2 the 3 elderly
4 a 5 large
4 a 7 variability
5 large 7 variability
6 interindividual 7 variability
7 variability 8 in
7 variability 11 is
8 in 10 disposition
9 drug 10 disposition
11 is 13 prominent
12 particularly 13 prominent

in conclusion , the complexity of interactions between comorbidity , polypharmacy , and age - related changes in pharmacokinetics ( and pharmacodynamics ) justify the old and well - known dosing aphorism " start low , go slow " for aged individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 justify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 slow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 5 complexity
3 , 13 and
4 the 5 complexity
5 complexity 6 of
6 of 7 interactions
7 interactions 8 between
7 interactions 11 polypharmacy
8 between 9 comorbidity
10 , 11 polypharmacy
11 polypharmacy 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 age
13 and 24 justify
15 - 16 related
16 related 17 changes
16 related 18 in
16 related 23 )
16 related 24 justify
18 in 21 and
19 pharmacokinetics 21 and
20 ( 21 and
21 and 22 pharmacodynamics
24 justify 27 and
25 the 26 old
26 old 27 and
27 and 28 well
29 - 35 low
29 - 36 ,
30 known 35 low
31 dosing 34 start
32 aphorism 33 "
32 aphorism 34 start
34 start 35 low
36 , 37 go
37 go 38 slow
38 slow 39 "
38 slow 40 for
40 for 42 individuals
41 aged 42 individuals

for more than thirty years , the dog has been used as a model for human diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 dog
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 5 years
1 for 6 ,
1 for 8 dog
2 more 3 than
3 than 4 thirty
4 thirty 5 years
7 the 8 dog
8 dog 9 has
9 has 10 been
10 been 11 used
11 used 12 as
12 as 14 model
13 a 14 model
14 model 15 for
15 for 17 diseases
16 human 17 diseases

despite efforts made to develop canine embryonic stem cells , success has been elusive . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 success
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 despite 2 efforts
1 despite 10 ,
1 despite 11 success
2 efforts 3 made
2 efforts 4 to
2 efforts 5 develop
4 to 5 develop
5 develop 9 cells
6 canine 8 stem
7 embryonic 8 stem
8 stem 9 cells
11 success 12 has
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 elusive

here , we report the generation of canine induced pluripotent stem cells ( cipscs ) from canine adult fibroblasts , which we accomplished by introducing human oct4 , sox2 , c - myc , and klf4 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 35 and
5 the 6 generation
6 generation 7 of
6 generation 16 from
6 generation 35 and
7 of 12 cells
8 canine 10 pluripotent
9 induced 10 pluripotent
10 pluripotent 12 cells
11 stem 12 cells
12 cells 14 cipscs
13 ( 14 cipscs
14 cipscs 15 )
16 from 19 fibroblasts
17 canine 18 adult
18 adult 19 fibroblasts
19 fibroblasts 21 which
19 fibroblasts 29 sox2
19 fibroblasts 32 -
20 , 21 which
21 which 23 accomplished
21 which 28 ,
22 we 23 accomplished
23 accomplished 24 by
24 by 25 introducing
25 introducing 27 oct4
26 human 27 oct4
28 , 29 sox2
29 sox2 30 ,
30 , 32 -
31 c 32 -
32 - 33 myc
32 - 34 ,
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 klf4

the cipscs expressed critical pluripotency markers and showed evidence of silencing the viral vectors and [normal] karyotypes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cipscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 cipscs
2 cipscs 7 and
3 expressed 6 markers
3 expressed 7 and
4 critical 5 pluripotency
5 pluripotency 6 markers
7 and 15 and
8 showed 9 evidence
8 showed 15 and
9 evidence 10 of
10 of 11 silencing
11 silencing 14 vectors
12 the 14 vectors
13 viral 14 vectors
15 and 17 karyotypes

microsatellite analysis indicated that the cipscs showed the same profile as the donor fibroblasts but differed from cells taken from other dogs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 microsatellite 2 analysis
2 analysis 15 but
3 indicated 4 that
3 indicated 15 but
4 that 6 cipscs
4 that 7 showed
5 the 6 cipscs
6 cipscs 7 showed
7 showed 10 profile
7 showed 11 as
8 the 9 same
9 same 10 profile
11 as 14 fibroblasts
12 the 14 fibroblasts
13 donor 14 fibroblasts
15 but 16 differed
16 differed 17 from
16 differed 20 from
17 from 18 cells
18 cells 19 taken
20 from 22 dogs
21 other 22 dogs

under culture conditions favoring differentiation , the cipscs could form cell derivatives from the ectoderm , mesoderm , and endoderm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cipscs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 form
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 under 3 conditions
1 under 6 ,
1 under 8 cipscs
2 culture 3 conditions
3 conditions 4 favoring
4 favoring 5 differentiation
7 the 8 cipscs
8 cipscs 9 could
9 could 10 form
10 form 12 derivatives
10 form 13 from
11 cell 12 derivatives
13 from 19 and
14 the 15 ectoderm
15 ectoderm 16 ,
16 , 17 mesoderm
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 endoderm

further , the cipscs required leukemia inhibitory factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to survive , proliferate , and maintain pluripotency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 9 and
3 the 8 factor
4 cipscs 5 required
5 required 6 leukemia
6 leukemia 8 factor
7 inhibitory 8 factor
8 factor 9 and
9 and 12 growth
9 and 13 factor
10 basic 12 growth
11 fibroblast 12 growth
13 factor 14 to
13 factor 21 pluripotency
14 to 16 ,
15 survive 16 ,
16 , 19 and
17 proliferate 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 maintain

our results demonstrate an efficient method for deriving canine pluripotent stem cells , providing a powerful platform for the development of new models for regenerative medicine , as well as for the study of the onset , progression , and treatment of human and canine genetic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 6 method
4 an 5 efficient
4 an 6 method
5 efficient 6 method
6 method 7 for
7 for 8 deriving
8 deriving 12 cells
8 deriving 29 well
8 deriving 30 as
9 canine 10 pluripotent
10 pluripotent 12 cells
11 stem 12 cells
12 cells 14 providing
13 , 14 providing
14 providing 17 platform
14 providing 24 for
14 providing 27 ,
15 a 16 powerful
15 a 17 platform
16 powerful 17 platform
17 platform 18 for
17 platform 21 of
18 for 20 development
19 the 20 development
21 of 23 models
22 new 23 models
24 for 26 medicine
25 regenerative 26 medicine
28 as 29 well
30 as 31 for
31 for 33 study
32 the 33 study
33 study 34 of
34 of 36 onset
35 the 36 onset
37 , 40 and
38 progression 40 and
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 treatment
41 treatment 42 of
42 of 47 diseases
43 human 44 and
44 and 45 canine
44 and 47 diseases
46 genetic 47 diseases

sterol metabolites are critical signaling molecules that regulate metabolism , development , and homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 metabolites
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 sterol 2 metabolites
2 metabolites 3 are
3 are 13 and
4 critical 5 signaling
4 critical 10 ,
5 signaling 6 molecules
6 molecules 7 that
6 molecules 8 regulate
7 that 8 regulate
8 regulate 9 metabolism
10 , 11 development
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 homeostasis

oxysterols , bile acids ( bas [ )(, and steroids work primarily through cognate sterol - responsive nuclear hormone receptors to control these processes through feed - forward [and] feedback mechanisms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 oxysterols
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 , 4 acids
2 , 28 forward
3 bile 4 acids
4 acids 9 and
4 acids 20 receptors
4 acids 28 forward
5 ( 9 and
6 bas 9 and
8 )(, 9 and
9 and 15 sterol
9 and 16 -
10 steroids 15 sterol
11 work 15 sterol
12 primarily 13 through
13 through 14 cognate
14 cognate 15 sterol
16 - 20 receptors
17 responsive 19 hormone
18 nuclear 19 hormone
19 hormone 20 receptors
20 receptors 21 to
20 receptors 22 control
20 receptors 27 -
21 to 22 control
22 control 24 processes
22 control 25 through
23 these 24 processes
25 through 26 feed
28 forward 31 mechanisms
30 feedback 31 mechanisms

these signaling pathways are conserved from simple invertebrates to mammals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pathways
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conserved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 3 pathways
2 signaling 3 pathways
3 pathways 4 are
4 are 5 conserved
5 conserved 6 from
5 conserved 9 to
6 from 8 invertebrates
7 simple 8 invertebrates
9 to 10 mammals

indeed , results from various model organisms have yielded fundamental insights into cholesterol and ba homeostasis , lipid and glucose metabolism , protective mechanisms , tissue differentiation , development , reproduction , and even aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 indeed 2 ,
1 indeed 3 results
3 results 4 from
3 results 33 and
4 from 7 organisms
5 various 6 model
6 model 7 organisms
8 have 9 yielded
8 have 33 and
9 yielded 11 insights
9 yielded 12 into
10 fundamental 11 insights
12 into 19 and
13 cholesterol 14 and
14 and 16 homeostasis
14 and 17 ,
15 ba 16 homeostasis
17 , 18 lipid
17 , 19 and
19 and 21 metabolism
19 and 24 mechanisms
19 and 27 differentiation
19 and 31 reproduction
20 glucose 21 metabolism
22 , 24 mechanisms
23 protective 24 mechanisms
24 mechanisms 25 ,
25 , 27 differentiation
26 tissue 27 differentiation
27 differentiation 29 development
27 differentiation 30 ,
28 , 29 development
29 development 30 ,
30 , 31 reproduction
31 reproduction 32 ,
33 and 34 even
34 even 35 aging

here , we review [how] sterols act through evolutionarily ancient mechanisms to control these processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 review
4 review 11 mechanisms
4 review 12 to
6 sterols 11 mechanisms
7 act 11 mechanisms
8 through 11 mechanisms
9 evolutionarily 10 ancient
10 ancient 11 mechanisms
12 to 13 control
13 control 15 processes
14 these 15 processes

none none none this paper analyses the literature available on the contribution of grandparents to society and the synergies that develop between grandparents and grandchildren , which are increasingly important to families and the individuals involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 none 5 paper
1 none 6 analyses
1 none 36 involved
2 none 3 none
3 none 4 this
4 this 5 paper
5 paper 6 analyses
6 analyses 8 literature
6 analyses 10 on
6 analyses 15 to
7 the 8 literature
8 literature 9 available
10 on 12 contribution
11 the 12 contribution
12 contribution 13 of
13 of 14 grandparents
15 to 17 and
16 society 17 and
17 and 19 synergies
17 and 20 that
17 and 21 develop
18 the 19 synergies
20 that 21 develop
21 develop 22 between
22 between 33 and
23 grandparents 24 and
24 and 25 grandchildren
24 and 26 ,
24 and 27 which
24 and 28 are
24 and 33 and
27 which 28 are
28 are 29 increasingly
28 are 30 important
30 important 31 to
31 to 32 families
33 and 35 individuals
34 the 35 individuals

the paper interrogates the need for those who are ageing to find goals in life that are life affirming and the way in which grandparenting is contributing to social capital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interrogates
1 the 2 paper
2 paper 3 interrogates
3 interrogates 5 need
3 interrogates 6 for
4 the 5 need
6 for 7 those
7 those 8 who
7 those 9 are
8 who 9 are
9 are 20 and
10 ageing 11 to
10 ageing 20 and
11 to 13 goals
12 find 13 goals
13 goals 14 in
13 goals 16 that
13 goals 17 are
14 in 15 life
16 that 17 are
17 are 19 affirming
18 life 19 affirming
20 and 22 way
20 and 31 .
21 the 22 way
22 way 23 in
23 in 24 which
23 in 25 grandparenting
23 in 26 is
25 grandparenting 26 is
26 is 27 contributing
27 contributing 28 to
28 to 30 capital
29 social 30 capital

nutritional problems and deficiencies are widespread in geriatric institutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 nutritional 2 problems
2 problems 3 and
3 and 4 deficiencies
3 and 5 are
5 are 6 widespread
6 widespread 7 in
7 in 9 institutions
8 geriatric 9 institutions

on the other hand , benefits of different interventions to [improve] the nutritional situation of elderly people -- from amelioration of mealtime ambience to the use of artificial nutrition -- have been shown in many studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 benefits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 6 benefits
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
6 benefits 7 of
6 benefits 10 to
6 benefits 31 have
7 of 9 interventions
8 different 9 interventions
10 to 14 situation
12 the 14 situation
13 nutritional 14 situation
14 situation 15 of
15 of 17 people
16 elderly 17 people
17 people 19 from
18 -- 19 from
19 from 20 amelioration
19 from 30 --
20 amelioration 21 of
21 of 23 ambience
22 mealtime 23 ambience
23 ambience 24 to
24 to 26 use
25 the 26 use
26 use 27 of
27 of 29 nutrition
28 artificial 29 nutrition
31 have 32 been
32 been 33 shown
33 shown 34 in
34 in 36 studies
35 many 36 studies

in recent years , several guidelines and standards have been developed to facilitate the transfer of this scientific knowledge into practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 years
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 and
2 recent 3 years
5 several 6 guidelines
6 guidelines 7 and
7 and 8 standards
7 and 9 have
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 developed
11 developed 12 to
12 to 13 facilitate
13 facilitate 15 transfer
13 facilitate 20 into
14 the 15 transfer
15 transfer 16 of
16 of 19 knowledge
17 this 18 scientific
18 scientific 19 knowledge
20 into 21 practice

these are in particular [the] medical guidelines for enteral and parenteral nutrition in geriatrics ( dgem/dgg and espen ) , the dnqp expert standard for qualified nurses , the dge quality standards for dietetic personnel , and the interdisciplinary buko - qs standard . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
1 these 2 are
2 are 3 in
2 are 13 in
3 in 10 and
4 particular 7 guidelines
6 medical 7 guidelines
7 guidelines 8 for
7 guidelines 10 and
8 for 9 enteral
10 and 12 nutrition
11 parenteral 12 nutrition
13 in 14 geriatrics
14 geriatrics 18 espen
14 geriatrics 24 standard
15 ( 18 espen
16 dgem/dgg 17 and
17 and 18 espen
18 espen 19 )
20 , 24 standard
21 the 24 standard
22 dnqp 23 expert
23 expert 24 standard
24 standard 25 for
24 standard 44 .
25 for 37 and
26 qualified 27 nurses
27 nurses 28 ,
28 , 32 standards
28 , 37 and
29 the 32 standards
30 dge 31 quality
31 quality 32 standards
32 standards 33 for
33 for 35 personnel
34 dietetic 35 personnel
36 , 37 and
37 and 43 standard
38 the 43 standard
39 interdisciplinary 43 standard
40 buko 42 qs
41 - 42 qs
42 qs 43 standard

these guidelines and standards provide recommendations for adequate nutritional care and assistance for the institutionalized elderly person based on the scientific state of the art . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 2 guidelines
2 guidelines 3 and
3 and 4 standards
3 and 5 provide
5 provide 6 recommendations
6 recommendations 7 for
6 recommendations 13 for
7 for 11 and
8 adequate 10 care
9 nutritional 10 care
10 care 11 and
11 and 12 assistance
13 for 17 person
14 the 17 person
15 institutionalized 17 person
16 elderly 17 person
17 person 18 based
18 based 19 on
19 on 22 state
20 the 22 state
21 scientific 22 state
22 state 23 of
23 of 25 art
24 the 25 art

they should be used as the basis for the development of local instructions for the management of nutritional problems and malnutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 they 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 used
4 used 5 as
5 as 7 basis
6 the 7 basis
7 basis 8 for
7 basis 11 of
8 for 10 development
9 the 10 development
11 of 13 instructions
12 local 13 instructions
13 instructions 14 for
13 instructions 17 of
14 for 16 management
15 the 16 management
17 of 20 and
18 nutritional 19 problems
19 problems 20 and
20 and 21 malnutrition

elderly people will only profit , if these guidelines are used in daily routine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 profit
1 elderly 2 people
2 people 3 will
3 will 5 profit
4 only 5 profit
5 profit 7 if
6 , 7 if
7 if 9 guidelines
7 if 11 used
7 if 15 .
8 these 9 guidelines
9 guidelines 10 are
10 are 11 used
11 used 12 in
12 in 14 routine
13 daily 14 routine

purpose : results from a number of studies have suggested a relationship between cognitive alteration and benzodiazepine use in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 results
2 : 10 suggested
3 results 4 from
3 results 9 have
4 from 8 studies
5 a 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 8 studies
7 of 8 studies
9 have 10 suggested
10 suggested 12 relationship
10 suggested 13 between
10 suggested 19 in
11 a 12 relationship
13 between 16 and
14 cognitive 15 alteration
15 alteration 16 and
16 and 18 use
17 benzodiazepine 18 use
19 in 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly

the aim of this study was to determine the impact of benzodiazepine use on cognitive functions in a young adult population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 impact
8 determine 14 on
8 determine 17 in
9 the 10 impact
10 impact 11 of
11 of 13 use
12 benzodiazepine 13 use
14 on 16 functions
15 cognitive 16 functions
17 in 21 population
18 a 19 young
18 a 21 population
19 young 20 adult
20 adult 21 population

methods : this study included 1,019 french salaried workers from the visat ( aging , health and work ) cohort whose objective was to determine the long - term impact of working conditions on health and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 included
2 : 38 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 included
5 included 9 workers
5 included 10 from
6 1,019 9 workers
7 french 9 workers
8 salaried 9 workers
10 from 20 cohort
11 the 20 cohort
12 visat 17 and
12 visat 20 cohort
13 ( 17 and
14 aging 15 ,
15 , 16 health
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 work
17 and 19 )
20 cohort 21 whose
20 cohort 31 of
21 whose 22 objective
22 objective 23 was
23 was 24 to
23 was 25 determine
24 to 25 determine
25 determine 30 impact
26 the 30 impact
27 long 28 -
27 long 30 impact
29 term 30 impact
31 of 32 working
32 working 33 conditions
32 working 34 on
34 on 36 and
35 health 36 and
36 and 37 aging

data were collected during interviews by occupational physicians in 1996 , 2001 and 2006 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 collected
3 collected 4 during
3 collected 6 by
3 collected 9 in
4 during 5 interviews
6 by 8 physicians
7 occupational 8 physicians
9 in 10 1996
10 1996 13 and
11 , 13 and
12 2001 13 and
13 and 14 2006
13 and 15 .

cognitive [function] was assessed using five cognitive tests ( immediate free recall [test] , delayed free recall test , recognition test , digit symbol substitution subtest and visual search speed test ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 cognitive 3 was
3 was 4 assessed
4 assessed 5 using
5 using 8 tests
6 five 8 tests
7 cognitive 8 tests
8 tests 12 recall
9 ( 12 recall
10 immediate 12 recall
11 free 12 recall
12 recall 14 ,
14 , 18 test
14 , 19 ,
15 delayed 17 recall
16 free 17 recall
17 recall 18 test
19 , 21 test
19 , 22 ,
20 recognition 21 test
22 , 27 and
23 digit 24 symbol
24 symbol 25 substitution
25 substitution 26 subtest
26 subtest 27 and
27 and 31 test
27 and 32 )
28 visual 29 search
29 search 31 test
30 speed 31 test

cognitive scores obtained after a 10 [-] year follow - up were investigated [among] three categories of benzodiazepine users , namely , [non] - users , occasional users and long - term users , using analysis of covariance models adjusted for several potential confounders in men and women [separately] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 cognitive 2 scores
2 scores 3 obtained
2 scores 9 follow
3 obtained 4 after
4 after 8 year
5 a 8 year
6 10 8 year
10 - 11 up
10 - 12 were
10 - 22 ,
11 up 12 were
12 were 16 categories
12 were 21 namely
13 investigated 16 categories
15 three 16 categories
16 categories 17 of
17 of 19 users
18 benzodiazepine 19 users
20 , 21 namely
21 namely 22 ,
22 , 24 -
22 , 32 term
22 , 34 ,
24 - 29 and
25 users 26 ,
26 , 28 users
26 , 29 and
27 occasional 28 users
29 and 30 long
29 and 31 -
29 and 32 term
32 term 33 users
34 , 36 analysis
34 , 40 adjusted
35 using 36 analysis
36 analysis 37 of
36 analysis 40 adjusted
37 of 39 models
38 covariance 39 models
40 adjusted 41 for
40 adjusted 45 in
41 for 44 confounders
42 several 43 potential
43 potential 44 confounders
45 in 47 and
46 men 47 and
47 and 48 women
47 and 50 .

results : in the course of the 10 year - follow - up , 3.9 % of subjects were defined as occasional users of benzodiazepine [and] 7.5 % as long - term users . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 course
4 the 5 course
5 course 6 of
6 of 9 year
7 the 9 year
8 10 9 year
10 - 11 follow
10 - 12 -
12 - 13 up
12 - 14 ,
14 , 16 %
14 , 20 defined
15 3.9 16 %
16 % 17 of
16 % 19 were
17 of 18 subjects
19 were 20 defined
20 defined 21 as
21 as 23 users
22 occasional 23 users
23 users 24 of
24 of 33 users
25 benzodiazepine 33 users
27 7.5 28 %
28 % 33 users
29 as 30 long
30 long 31 -
30 long 32 term
32 term 33 users

the analysis revealed a significant alteration of long - term memory in women whereas there was no significant association in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 alteration
3 revealed 12 in
3 revealed 14 whereas
3 revealed 20 in
4 a 5 significant
4 a 6 alteration
5 significant 6 alteration
6 alteration 7 of
7 of 11 memory
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 11 memory
12 in 13 women
14 whereas 15 there
14 whereas 16 was
15 there 16 was
16 was 19 association
17 no 19 association
18 significant 19 association
20 in 21 men

conclusions : long - term use of benzodiazepine leads to specific impairment in long - term memory only in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 6 use
2 : 10 to
2 : 13 in
2 : 18 only
3 long 4 -
3 long 5 term
5 term 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 9 leads
8 benzodiazepine 9 leads
10 to 12 impairment
11 specific 12 impairment
13 in 17 memory
14 long 15 -
14 long 16 term
16 term 17 memory
18 only 19 in
19 in 20 women

neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system contributes substantially to the long term disability in multiple sclerosis ( [ms] [ )(patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 degeneration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contributes
1 neuroaxonal 2 degeneration
2 degeneration 3 in
2 degeneration 8 contributes
3 in 7 system
4 the 7 system
5 central 7 system
6 nervous 7 system
8 contributes 9 substantially
8 contributes 10 to
8 contributes 15 in
10 to 14 disability
11 the 14 disability
12 long 13 term
13 term 14 disability
15 in 17 sclerosis
16 multiple 17 sclerosis
17 sclerosis 21 )(patients
18 ( 21 )(patients
21 )(patients 22 .

however , in vivo determination and monitoring of neurodegeneration remain difficult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 and
3 in 4 vivo
4 vivo 6 and
5 determination 6 and
6 and 7 monitoring
6 and 10 remain
7 monitoring 8 of
8 of 9 neurodegeneration
10 remain 11 difficult

as the widely used mri - based approaches , including the brain parenchymal fraction ( bpf ) have some limitations , complementary in vivo measures for neurodegeneration are necessary . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 approaches
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 as 5 mri
1 as 6 -
1 as 8 approaches
2 the 5 mri
3 widely 4 used
4 used 5 mri
7 based 8 approaches
8 approaches 10 including
8 approaches 18 have
9 , 10 including
10 including 14 fraction
10 including 17 )
11 the 14 fraction
12 brain 14 fraction
13 parenchymal 14 fraction
14 fraction 16 bpf
15 ( 16 bpf
16 bpf 17 )
18 have 20 limitations
19 some 20 limitations
21 , 22 complementary
21 , 28 are
22 complementary 24 vivo
22 complementary 28 are
23 in 24 vivo
25 measures 26 for
25 measures 28 are
26 for 27 neurodegeneration
28 are 29 necessary

optical coherence tomography ( oct ) is a potent tool for the detection [of] [ms] - related retinal neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tomography
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
1 optical 2 coherence
2 coherence 3 tomography
3 tomography 5 oct
3 tomography 7 is
4 ( 5 oct
5 oct 6 )
7 is 10 tool
8 a 9 potent
8 a 10 tool
9 potent 10 tool
10 tool 11 for
11 for 13 detection
12 the 13 detection
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 neurodegeneration
17 related 20 .
18 retinal 19 neurodegeneration

however , crucial aspects including the association between oct - and mri - based atrophy measures or the impact [of] [ms] - related parameters on oct parameters are still unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 11 and
3 crucial 4 aspects
4 aspects 5 including
4 aspects 11 and
5 including 7 association
5 including 8 between
6 the 7 association
8 between 9 oct
10 - 11 and
11 and 12 mri
11 and 22 -
11 and 28 are
12 mri 17 or
13 - 17 or
14 based 16 measures
15 atrophy 16 measures
16 measures 17 or
17 or 19 impact
17 or 22 -
18 the 19 impact
22 - 23 related
23 related 24 parameters
23 related 25 on
23 related 28 are
25 on 27 parameters
26 oct 27 parameters
28 are 29 still
28 are 30 unclear

in this large prospective cross - sectional study on 104 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis ( rrms ) patients we evaluated the associations of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness ( rnflt ) and total macular volume ( tmv ) with bpf and addressed the impact of disease - determining parameters on rnflt , tmv or bpf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
1 in 5 cross
1 in 18 patients
2 this 5 cross
3 large 5 cross
4 prospective 5 cross
5 cross 8 study
6 - 8 study
7 sectional 8 study
8 study 9 on
8 study 17 )
9 on 10 104
10 104 11 relapsing
10 104 12 remitting
12 remitting 14 sclerosis
13 multiple 14 sclerosis
14 sclerosis 16 rrms
15 ( 16 rrms
16 rrms 17 )
18 patients 19 we
18 patients 20 evaluated
18 patients 32 and
19 we 20 evaluated
20 evaluated 22 associations
21 the 22 associations
22 associations 23 of
23 of 26 fiber
24 retinal 25 nerve
25 nerve 26 fiber
27 layer 28 thickness
27 layer 32 and
28 thickness 30 rnflt
29 ( 30 rnflt
30 rnflt 31 )
32 and 41 and
32 and 48 determining
33 total 35 volume
33 total 39 with
33 total 41 and
34 macular 35 volume
35 volume 37 tmv
36 ( 37 tmv
37 tmv 38 )
39 with 40 bpf
41 and 42 addressed
42 addressed 44 impact
43 the 44 impact
44 impact 45 of
45 of 46 disease
47 - 48 determining
48 determining 49 parameters
48 determining 50 on
48 determining 56 .
50 on 54 or
51 rnflt 53 tmv
52 , 53 tmv
53 tmv 54 or
54 or 55 bpf

bpf , normalized for subject head size , was estimated with sienax . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bpf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 bpf 3 normalized
1 bpf 9 was
2 , 3 normalized
3 normalized 4 for
3 normalized 8 ,
4 for 7 size
5 subject 6 head
6 head 7 size
9 was 10 estimated
10 estimated 11 with
11 with 12 sienax

relations were analyzed primarily by generalized estimating equation ( gee ) models considering within - patient [inter] - eye relations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 relations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 relations 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 primarily
4 primarily 5 by
5 by 7 estimating
6 generalized 7 estimating
7 estimating 10 gee
7 estimating 14 within
8 equation 10 gee
9 ( 10 gee
10 gee 11 )
10 gee 12 models
12 models 13 considering
12 models 14 within
15 - 20 relations
15 - 21 .
16 patient 18 -
16 patient 19 eye
19 eye 20 relations

we found that both rnflt ( p = 0.019 , gee ) and tmv ( p = 0.004 , gee ) associate with bpf . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 19 ,
2 found 3 that
2 found 5 rnflt
2 found 13 and
2 found 17 =
2 found 19 ,
4 both 5 rnflt
5 rnflt 8 =
5 rnflt 11 gee
6 ( 8 =
7 p 8 =
8 = 9 0.019
10 , 11 gee
11 gee 12 )
13 and 14 tmv
15 ( 17 =
16 p 17 =
17 = 18 0.004
19 , 22 associate
19 , 23 with
20 gee 21 )
20 gee 22 associate
23 with 24 bpf

rnflt was furthermore linked to the disease duration ( p<0.001 , gee ) but neither to disease severity [nor] patients ' age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 rnflt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 rnflt 2 was
2 was 4 linked
3 furthermore 4 linked
4 linked 5 to
4 linked 14 but
4 linked 16 to
5 to 8 duration
6 the 8 duration
7 disease 8 duration
8 duration 10 p<0.001
8 duration 12 gee
9 ( 10 p<0.001
10 p<0.001 11 ,
11 , 12 gee
12 gee 13 )
14 but 15 neither
16 to 22 age
17 disease 20 patients
18 severity 20 patients
20 patients 21 '
21 ' 22 age

contrarily , bpf was [rather] associated with severity ( p<0.001 , gee ) than disease duration and was confounded by age ( p<0.001 , gee ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 bpf
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 contrarily 2 ,
1 contrarily 3 bpf
3 bpf 4 was
4 was 17 and
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 17 and
7 with 8 severity
7 with 14 than
7 with 16 duration
8 severity 10 p<0.001
9 ( 10 p<0.001
10 p<0.001 12 gee
10 p<0.001 13 )
11 , 12 gee
12 gee 13 )
15 disease 16 duration
17 and 18 was
17 and 20 by
18 was 19 confounded
20 by 21 age
21 age 23 p<0.001
21 age 25 gee
22 ( 23 p<0.001
23 p<0.001 24 ,
24 , 25 gee
25 gee 26 )

tmv was not associated with any of these parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tmv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 tmv 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 5 with
3 not 4 associated
5 with 6 any
6 any 7 of
7 of 9 parameters
8 these 9 parameters

longitudinal studies are necessary for validation of data [and] to further clarify the relevance of tmv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 longitudinal 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 necessary
4 necessary 5 for
4 necessary 10 to
5 for 6 validation
6 validation 7 of
7 of 8 data
10 to 12 clarify
11 further 12 clarify
12 clarify 14 relevance
13 the 14 relevance
14 relevance 15 of
15 of 16 tmv

background : ozone concentrations in ambient air are related to cardiopulmonary perturbations in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 cardiopulmonary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 11 cardiopulmonary
3 ozone 4 concentrations
4 concentrations 5 in
4 concentrations 8 are
5 in 7 air
6 ambient 7 air
8 are 9 related
9 related 10 to
10 to 11 cardiopulmonary
11 cardiopulmonary 12 perturbations
11 cardiopulmonary 13 in
13 in 16 population
14 the 16 population
15 aging 16 population

increased central sympathetic nerve activity induced by local airway inflammation may be one possible mechanism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 increased 4 nerve
2 central 4 nerve
3 sympathetic 4 nerve
4 nerve 5 activity
5 activity 6 induced
5 activity 11 may
6 induced 7 by
7 by 10 inflammation
8 local 9 airway
9 airway 10 inflammation
11 may 12 be
12 be 15 mechanism
13 one 15 mechanism
14 possible 15 mechanism

methodology/principal findings : to elucidate this issue further , we performed a randomized [,] double - blind , cross - over study , including 14 healthy subjects ( 3 females , age 22 - 47 years ) , who underwent a 3 h exposure with intermittent exercise to either ozone ( 250 ppb [ )(or clean air . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 performed
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 elucidate
3 : 9 ,
4 to 5 elucidate
5 elucidate 7 issue
5 elucidate 8 further
6 this 7 issue
9 , 10 we
10 we 11 performed
11 performed 19 cross
12 a 19 cross
13 randomized 19 cross
15 double 16 -
15 double 19 cross
17 blind 18 ,
17 blind 19 cross
19 cross 21 over
19 cross 24 including
20 - 21 over
21 over 22 study
21 over 23 ,
23 , 24 including
24 including 27 subjects
25 14 27 subjects
26 healthy 27 subjects
27 subjects 30 females
27 subjects 36 years
27 subjects 39 who
28 ( 30 females
29 3 30 females
30 females 32 age
30 females 34 -
31 , 32 age
32 age 33 22
32 age 34 -
34 - 36 years
35 47 36 years
36 years 37 )
38 , 39 who
39 who 40 underwent
40 underwent 44 exposure
40 underwent 45 with
41 a 44 exposure
42 3 43 h
43 h 44 exposure
45 with 47 exercise
45 with 50 ozone
46 intermittent 47 exercise
47 exercise 48 to
48 to 49 either
50 ozone 55 )(or
51 ( 55 )(or
52 250 53 ppb
53 ppb 55 )(or
55 )(or 57 air
55 )(or 58 .
56 clean 57 air

induced sputum was collected 3 h after exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sputum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 induced 2 sputum
2 sputum 3 was
3 was 4 collected
4 collected 7 after
5 3 6 h
6 h 7 after
7 after 8 exposure

nineteen to 22 hours after exposure , we recorded ecg , finger blood pressure , brachial blood pressure , respiration , cardiac output , and muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( msna ) at rest , during deep breathing , maximum - inspiratory breath hold , and a valsalva maneuver . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
1 nineteen 2 to
2 to 3 22
2 to 4 hours
4 hours 5 after
5 after 6 exposure
5 after 7 ,
5 after 8 we
8 we 11 ,
9 recorded 10 ecg
9 recorded 11 ,
11 , 25 and
12 finger 14 pressure
12 finger 25 and
13 blood 14 pressure
14 pressure 18 pressure
15 , 18 pressure
16 brachial 17 blood
17 blood 18 pressure
18 pressure 20 respiration
18 pressure 23 output
18 pressure 24 ,
19 , 20 respiration
20 respiration 21 ,
21 , 23 output
22 cardiac 23 output
23 output 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 muscle
26 muscle 29 activity
26 muscle 33 at
26 muscle 36 during
27 sympathetic 28 nerve
28 nerve 29 activity
29 activity 31 msna
30 ( 31 msna
31 msna 32 )
33 at 34 rest
35 , 36 during
36 during 46 and
36 during 50 .
37 deep 38 breathing
38 breathing 39 ,
39 , 44 hold
39 , 46 and
40 maximum 41 -
40 maximum 43 breath
42 inspiratory 43 breath
43 breath 44 hold
45 , 46 and
46 and 49 maneuver
47 a 49 maneuver
48 valsalva 49 maneuver

while the ozone exposure induced the expected airway inflammation , as indicated by a significant increase in sputum neutrophils , we did not detect a significant estimated treatment effect adjusted for period on cardiovascular measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 while 4 exposure
1 while 5 induced
1 while 20 ,
2 the 4 exposure
3 ozone 4 exposure
4 exposure 5 induced
5 induced 9 inflammation
5 induced 13 by
5 induced 17 in
6 the 9 inflammation
7 expected 8 airway
8 airway 9 inflammation
9 inflammation 12 indicated
10 , 12 indicated
11 as 12 indicated
13 by 16 increase
14 a 16 increase
15 significant 16 increase
17 in 18 sputum
19 neutrophils 20 ,
20 , 24 detect
21 we 22 did
22 did 23 not
22 did 24 detect
24 detect 29 effect
24 detect 33 on
25 a 26 significant
25 a 29 effect
26 significant 28 treatment
27 estimated 28 treatment
28 treatment 29 effect
29 effect 30 adjusted
30 adjusted 31 for
31 for 32 period
33 on 35 measurements
34 cardiovascular 35 measurements

no difference of resting msna was observed between ozone and air exposure ( air : 23±2 , ozone : 23±2 [bursts/min] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 no 2 difference
2 difference 3 of
2 difference 6 was
3 of 4 resting
4 resting 5 msna
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 between
8 between 10 and
9 ozone 10 and
10 and 12 exposure
10 and 14 air
11 air 12 exposure
13 ( 14 air
14 air 15 :
15 : 18 ozone
15 : 20 23±2
15 : 23 )(
16 23±2 17 ,
16 23±2 18 ozone
18 ozone 19 :
19 : 20 23±2

maximum msna obtained at the end of apnea ( air [:] 44±4 , ozone : 48±4 [bursts/min] ) and during the phase ii of the valsalva maneuver ( air [:] 64±5 , ozone : 57±6 [bursts/min] ) was similar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 msna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 maximum 2 msna
2 msna 3 obtained
2 msna 38 was
3 obtained 19 and
4 at 6 end
4 at 19 and
5 the 6 end
6 end 7 of
7 of 8 apnea
8 apnea 10 air
9 ( 10 air
10 air 14 ozone
10 air 16 48±4
10 air 18 )
12 44±4 13 ,
12 44±4 14 ozone
14 ozone 15 :
15 : 16 48±4
19 and 20 during
20 during 22 phase
21 the 22 phase
22 phase 23 ii
22 phase 24 of
24 of 27 maneuver
25 the 27 maneuver
26 valsalva 27 maneuver
27 maneuver 29 air
28 ( 29 air
29 air 33 ozone
29 air 35 57±6
29 air 37 )
31 64±5 32 ,
31 64±5 33 ozone
33 ozone 34 :
34 : 35 57±6
38 was 39 similar

conclusions/significance : our study suggests that acute ozone - induced airway inflammation does not increase resting sympathetic nerve traffic in healthy subjects , an observation that is relevant for environmental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions/significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 suggests
2 : 9 -
3 our 4 study
4 study 5 suggests
5 suggests 8 ozone
6 that 7 acute
7 acute 8 ozone
9 - 12 inflammation
9 - 15 increase
10 induced 11 airway
11 airway 12 inflammation
12 inflammation 13 does
13 does 14 not
13 does 15 increase
15 increase 19 traffic
15 increase 20 in
16 resting 18 nerve
17 sympathetic 18 nerve
18 nerve 19 traffic
20 in 22 subjects
21 healthy 22 subjects
22 subjects 25 observation
23 , 25 observation
24 an 25 observation
25 observation 26 that
25 observation 27 is
25 observation 32 .
26 that 27 is
27 is 28 relevant
28 relevant 29 for
29 for 31 health
30 environmental 31 health

however , we can not exclude that chronic airway inflammation may contribute to sympathetic activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 exclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 we
3 we 4 can
4 can 5 not
4 can 6 exclude
6 exclude 9 airway
7 that 9 airway
8 chronic 9 airway
9 airway 10 inflammation
9 airway 12 contribute
10 inflammation 11 may
11 may 12 contribute
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 15 activation
14 sympathetic 15 activation

background : in man , [many] different events implying childhood separation from caregivers/unstable parental environment [are] associated [with] heightened risk for panic disorder in adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 in
2 : 9 implying
3 in 8 events
4 man 5 ,
4 man 8 events
7 different 8 events
9 implying 11 separation
9 implying 12 from
9 implying 21 for
9 implying 24 in
10 childhood 11 separation
12 from 20 risk
13 caregivers/unstable 15 environment
14 parental 15 environment
15 environment 17 associated
17 associated 20 risk
19 heightened 20 risk
21 for 23 disorder
22 panic 23 disorder
24 in 25 adulthood

twin data show that the occurrence of such events in childhood contributes to explaining the covariation between separation anxiety disorder , panic , and the related psychobiological trait of co ( 2 ) hypersensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 twin 2 data
2 data 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 6 occurrence
3 show 12 contributes
5 the 6 occurrence
6 occurrence 7 of
6 occurrence 10 in
6 occurrence 12 contributes
7 of 9 events
8 such 9 events
10 in 11 childhood
12 contributes 13 to
12 contributes 17 between
13 to 14 explaining
14 explaining 16 covariation
15 the 16 covariation
17 between 20 disorder
18 separation 20 disorder
19 anxiety 20 disorder
21 , 34 hypersensitivity
22 panic 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 28 trait
24 and 29 of
24 and 34 hypersensitivity
25 the 28 trait
26 related 28 trait
27 psychobiological 28 trait
29 of 30 co
30 co 32 2
31 ( 32 2
32 2 33 )

we hypothesized that early interference with infant [-] mother interaction could moderate the interspecific trait [of] response to co ( 2 ) through genetic control of sensitivity to the environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 5 interference
3 that 12 moderate
4 early 5 interference
5 interference 6 with
5 interference 11 could
6 with 10 interaction
7 infant 9 mother
9 mother 10 interaction
11 could 12 moderate
12 moderate 17 response
12 moderate 18 to
12 moderate 23 through
12 moderate 28 to
13 the 17 response
14 interspecific 15 trait
15 trait 17 response
18 to 19 co
19 co 21 2
20 ( 21 2
21 2 22 )
23 through 25 control
24 genetic 25 control
25 control 26 of
26 of 27 sensitivity
28 to 30 environment
29 the 30 environment

methodology : having spent the first 24 hours after birth with their biological mother , outbred nmri mice were cross - fostered to adoptive mothers for the following 4 post - natal days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methodology 2 :
2 : 3 having
3 having 15 ,
4 spent 6 first
4 spent 11 with
4 spent 15 ,
5 the 6 first
6 first 9 after
7 24 8 hours
8 hours 9 after
9 after 10 birth
11 with 14 mother
12 their 14 mother
13 biological 14 mother
15 , 16 outbred
16 outbred 17 nmri
17 nmri 18 mice
17 nmri 20 cross
18 mice 19 were
19 were 20 cross
20 cross 22 fostered
21 - 22 fostered
22 fostered 23 to
22 fostered 26 for
22 fostered 34 .
23 to 25 mothers
24 adoptive 25 mothers
26 for 30 post
27 the 30 post
28 following 30 post
29 4 30 post
30 post 33 days
31 - 33 days
32 natal 33 days
33 days 34 .

they were successively compared to normally [-] reared individuals for : number of ultrasonic vocalizations during isolation , respiratory physiology responses to normal air ( 20%o ( 2 ) ) , co ( 2 ) - enriched air ( 6 % co ( 2 ) ) , hypoxic air ( 10%o ( 2 ) ) , and avoidance of co ( 2 ) - enriched environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 enriched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 67 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 successively
2 were 4 compared
4 compared 5 to
4 compared 10 for
5 to 9 individuals
6 normally 8 reared
8 reared 9 individuals
10 for 11 :
11 : 57 and
12 number 13 of
12 number 57 and
13 of 15 vocalizations
14 ultrasonic 15 vocalizations
15 vocalizations 16 during
15 vocalizations 21 responses
16 during 17 isolation
18 , 21 responses
19 respiratory 20 physiology
20 physiology 21 responses
21 responses 22 to
21 responses 32 co
21 responses 56 ,
22 to 24 air
23 normal 24 air
24 air 26 20%o
25 ( 26 20%o
26 20%o 28 2
26 20%o 30 )
27 ( 28 2
28 2 29 )
31 , 32 co
32 co 34 2
32 co 38 air
32 co 55 )
33 ( 34 2
34 2 35 )
36 - 38 air
37 enriched 38 air
38 air 42 co
38 air 49 air
38 air 55 )
39 ( 42 co
40 6 42 co
41 % 42 co
42 co 44 2
42 co 46 )
43 ( 44 2
44 2 45 )
47 , 49 air
48 hypoxic 49 air
49 air 51 10%o
49 air 55 )
50 ( 51 10%o
51 10%o 53 2
51 10%o 54 )
52 ( 53 2
53 2 54 )
57 and 58 avoidance
57 and 64 -
57 and 65 enriched
58 avoidance 59 of
59 of 60 co
60 co 62 2
61 ( 62 2
62 2 63 )
65 enriched 66 environments

results : cross - fostered pups showed significantly more ultrasonic vocalizations , more pronounced hyperventilatory responses ( larger tidal volume and minute volume increments ) to co ( 2 ) - enriched air and heightened aversion towards co ( 2 ) - enriched environments , than normally - reared individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 pups
2 : 7 showed
2 : 12 ,
3 cross 4 -
3 cross 6 pups
5 fostered 6 pups
6 pups 7 showed
7 showed 9 more
7 showed 11 vocalizations
8 significantly 9 more
10 ultrasonic 11 vocalizations
12 , 13 more
12 , 14 pronounced
12 , 31 -
13 more 14 pronounced
14 pronounced 16 responses
15 hyperventilatory 16 responses
16 responses 21 and
17 ( 21 and
18 larger 20 volume
19 tidal 20 volume
20 volume 21 and
21 and 24 increments
21 and 25 )
21 and 26 to
21 and 31 -
22 minute 23 volume
23 volume 24 increments
26 to 27 co
27 co 29 2
28 ( 29 2
29 2 30 )
31 - 34 and
31 - 48 -
32 enriched 33 air
32 enriched 34 and
34 and 35 heightened
35 heightened 36 aversion
35 heightened 37 towards
35 heightened 46 than
35 heightened 47 normally
37 towards 38 co
38 co 40 2
38 co 44 environments
39 ( 40 2
40 2 41 )
42 - 44 environments
43 enriched 44 environments
44 environments 45 ,
48 - 50 individuals
48 - 51 .
49 reared 50 individuals

enhanced tidal volume increment response [to] 6%co ( 2 ) was present at 16 - 20 , and 75 - 90 postnatal days , implying the trait 's stability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 6%co
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 enhanced 3 volume
2 tidal 3 volume
3 volume 4 increment
4 increment 7 6%co
5 response 7 6%co
7 6%co 9 2
7 6%co 11 was
8 ( 9 2
9 2 10 )
11 was 18 and
12 present 13 at
12 present 18 and
13 at 15 -
14 16 15 -
15 - 16 20
17 , 18 and
18 and 23 days
18 and 25 implying
19 75 20 -
20 - 21 90
20 - 23 days
22 postnatal 23 days
24 , 25 implying
25 implying 29 stability
25 implying 30 .
26 the 27 trait
27 trait 28 's
28 's 29 stability

these results support a stress - diathesis model whereby the genetic influences underlying the response to 6%co ( 2 ) increase their contribution in the presence of an environmental adversity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 support
3 support 5 stress
4 a 5 stress
6 - 7 diathesis
6 - 8 model
6 - 31 .
7 diathesis 8 model
8 model 9 whereby
8 model 23 contribution
8 model 24 in
9 whereby 12 influences
9 whereby 21 increase
10 the 12 influences
11 genetic 12 influences
12 influences 13 underlying
12 influences 21 increase
13 underlying 15 response
13 underlying 16 to
14 the 15 response
16 to 17 6%co
17 6%co 19 2
18 ( 19 2
19 2 20 )
22 their 23 contribution
24 in 26 presence
25 the 26 presence
26 presence 27 of
27 of 30 adversity
28 an 29 environmental
28 an 30 adversity
29 environmental 30 adversity

maternal grooming/licking behaviour , and corticosterone basal levels were similar among cross - fostered [and] normally - reared individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 grooming/licking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 maternal 2 grooming/licking
2 grooming/licking 5 and
2 grooming/licking 12 cross
2 grooming/licking 14 fostered
2 grooming/licking 18 reared
3 behaviour 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 corticosterone
5 and 8 levels
5 and 11 among
5 and 12 cross
7 basal 8 levels
8 levels 9 were
9 were 10 similar
10 similar 11 among
13 - 14 fostered
14 fostered 16 normally
14 fostered 17 -
18 reared 19 individuals

conclusions : a mechanism [of] gene - [by] - environment interplay connects this form of early perturbation [of] infant [-] mother interaction , heightened co ( 2 ) sensitivity and anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 6 gene
3 a 6 gene
4 mechanism 6 gene
7 - 9 -
7 - 23 ,
9 - 11 interplay
10 environment 11 interplay
11 interplay 23 ,
12 connects 14 form
12 connects 23 ,
13 this 14 form
14 form 15 of
15 of 22 interaction
16 early 17 perturbation
17 perturbation 19 infant
19 infant 21 mother
21 mother 22 interaction
23 , 24 heightened
24 heightened 30 and
25 co 27 2
25 co 29 sensitivity
26 ( 27 2
27 2 28 )
29 sensitivity 30 and
30 and 31 anxiety

some [non] - inferential physiological measurements can enhance animal models of human neurodevelopmental anxiety disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 some
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
3 - 6 measurements
3 - 8 enhance
3 - 16 .
4 inferential 6 measurements
5 physiological 6 measurements
6 measurements 7 can
7 can 8 enhance
8 enhance 10 models
9 animal 10 models
10 models 11 of
11 of 15 disorders
12 human 14 anxiety
13 neurodevelopmental 14 anxiety
14 anxiety 15 disorders

acquisition of a final shape and size during organ development requires a regulated program of growth and patterning controlled by a complex genetic network of signalling molecules that must be coordinated to provide positional information to each cell within the corresponding organ or tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 acquisition 2 of
1 acquisition 6 and
2 of 5 shape
3 a 5 shape
4 final 5 shape
6 and 7 size
7 size 8 during
8 during 9 organ
9 organ 10 development
9 organ 19 controlled
10 development 11 requires
11 requires 17 and
11 requires 19 controlled
12 a 14 program
13 regulated 14 program
14 program 15 of
14 program 17 and
15 of 16 growth
17 and 18 patterning
17 and 19 controlled
19 controlled 20 by
19 controlled 36 to
19 controlled 39 within
20 by 24 network
21 a 22 complex
21 a 24 network
22 complex 24 network
23 genetic 24 network
24 network 25 of
25 of 26 signalling
26 signalling 27 molecules
26 signalling 32 to
27 molecules 28 that
27 molecules 29 must
28 that 29 must
29 must 30 be
30 be 31 coordinated
32 to 33 provide
33 provide 35 information
34 positional 35 information
36 to 38 cell
37 each 38 cell
39 within 43 or
40 the 42 organ
41 corresponding 42 organ
42 organ 43 or
43 or 44 tissue

the mechanism by which all these signals are coordinated to yield a final response is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 by
2 mechanism 15 is
3 by 4 which
3 by 5 all
3 by 9 coordinated
5 all 6 these
5 all 7 signals
5 all 8 are
6 these 7 signals
8 are 9 coordinated
9 coordinated 10 to
10 to 11 yield
11 yield 14 response
12 a 14 response
13 final 14 response
15 is 16 not
15 is 17 well
17 well 18 understood

here , i have characterized the drosophila ortholog of the human tgf - β inducible early gene [1] ( dtieg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 i
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 i
3 i 4 have
4 have 5 characterized
5 characterized 8 ortholog
6 the 8 ortholog
7 drosophila 8 ortholog
8 ortholog 9 of
9 of 12 tgf
10 the 11 human
11 human 12 tgf
13 - 14 β
14 β 17 gene
15 inducible 16 early
16 early 17 gene
17 gene 20 dtieg
19 ( 20 dtieg
20 dtieg 21 )

tieg are zinc [-] finger proteins that belong to the krüppel - like factor [(] klf ) family and were initially identified in human osteoblasts and pancreatic tumor cells for the ability to enhance tgf - β response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tieg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 tieg 2 are
2 are 6 proteins
2 are 29 cells
3 zinc 5 finger
5 finger 6 proteins
6 proteins 7 that
6 proteins 19 and
7 that 19 and
8 belong 9 to
8 belong 19 and
9 to 18 family
10 the 18 family
11 krüppel 13 like
11 krüppel 18 family
12 - 13 like
13 like 16 klf
13 like 17 )
14 factor 16 klf
19 and 20 were
20 were 22 identified
21 initially 22 identified
22 identified 23 in
23 in 26 and
24 human 25 osteoblasts
25 osteoblasts 26 and
26 and 28 tumor
27 pancreatic 28 tumor
29 cells 30 for
30 for 32 ability
31 the 32 ability
32 ability 33 to
32 ability 34 enhance
33 to 34 enhance
34 enhance 35 tgf
36 - 38 response
37 β 38 response

using the developing wing of drosophila as " in vivo " [model] , the dtieg function has been studied in the control of cell proliferation [and] patterning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 using 4 wing
1 using 10 vivo
1 using 13 ,
1 using 16 function
2 the 4 wing
3 developing 4 wing
4 wing 5 of
5 of 6 drosophila
7 as 8 "
7 as 10 vivo
9 in 10 vivo
10 vivo 11 "
14 the 16 function
15 dtieg 16 function
16 function 17 has
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 studied
19 studied 20 in
20 in 22 control
21 the 22 control
22 control 23 of
23 of 27 patterning
24 cell 27 patterning
25 proliferation 27 patterning

these results show that dtieg can modulate dpp signalling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 dtieg
4 that 7 modulate
5 dtieg 6 can
6 can 7 modulate
7 modulate 8 dpp
8 dpp 9 signalling

furthermore , dtieg also regulates the activity of jak/stat [pathway] suggesting a conserved role of tieg proteins as positive regulators of tgf - β signalling [and] as mediators of the crosstalk between signalling pathways acting in a [same] cellular context . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 dtieg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 regulates
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 dtieg
3 dtieg 5 regulates
4 also 5 regulates
5 regulates 7 activity
6 the 7 activity
7 activity 8 of
7 activity 15 of
8 of 9 jak/stat
9 jak/stat 11 suggesting
11 suggesting 14 role
12 a 14 role
13 conserved 14 role
15 of 17 proteins
16 tieg 17 proteins
17 proteins 18 as
17 proteins 24 β
18 as 20 regulators
19 positive 20 regulators
20 regulators 21 of
21 of 22 tgf
23 - 24 β
24 β 25 signalling
24 β 27 as
24 β 41 .
27 as 28 mediators
28 mediators 29 of
28 mediators 35 acting
29 of 31 crosstalk
30 the 31 crosstalk
31 crosstalk 32 between
32 between 33 signalling
33 signalling 34 pathways
35 acting 36 in
36 in 40 context
37 a 40 context
39 cellular 40 context

several studies have shown that obesity is associated with changes in human brain function and structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 several
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 several 2 studies
1 several 4 shown
1 several 15 and
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 shown
4 shown 5 that
5 that 6 obesity
5 that 8 associated
6 obesity 7 is
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 11 in
9 with 10 changes
11 in 13 brain
12 human 13 brain
14 function 15 and
15 and 16 structure

since women are more susceptible to obesity than men , it seems plausible that [neural] [correlates] may also be different . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 since 2 women
1 since 3 are
1 since 10 ,
1 since 11 it
2 women 3 are
3 are 4 more
3 are 5 susceptible
5 susceptible 6 to
5 susceptible 8 than
6 to 7 obesity
8 than 9 men
11 it 12 seems
12 seems 13 plausible
13 plausible 14 that
13 plausible 19 be
14 that 17 may
17 may 19 be
18 also 19 be
19 be 20 different

however , this has not been demonstrated so far . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 this
3 this 4 has
4 has 5 not
4 has 6 been
6 been 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 9 far
8 so 9 far

there was no significant age ( p>0.2 [ )(or bmi ( p>0.7 ) difference between female and male participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 age
3 no 5 age
4 significant 5 age
5 age 9 )(or
6 ( 9 )(or
7 p>0.2 9 )(or
9 )(or 14 difference
9 )(or 15 between
9 )(or 20 .
10 bmi 12 p>0.7
10 bmi 14 difference
11 ( 12 p>0.7
12 p>0.7 13 )
15 between 19 participants
16 female 17 and
17 and 18 male
17 and 19 participants

in female and male subjects , the putative axon marker λ ( ∥ ) was consistently reduced throughout the corpus callosum , particularly in the splenium ( r = - 0.62 , p<0.005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 λ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 in 3 and
1 in 6 ,
1 in 11 λ
2 female 3 and
3 and 5 subjects
4 male 5 subjects
7 the 11 λ
8 putative 11 λ
9 axon 11 λ
10 marker 11 λ
11 λ 13 ∥
11 λ 15 was
12 ( 13 ∥
13 ∥ 14 )
15 was 17 reduced
16 consistently 17 reduced
17 reduced 18 throughout
17 reduced 24 in
18 throughout 21 callosum
19 the 21 callosum
20 corpus 21 callosum
22 , 23 particularly
22 , 24 in
24 in 33 p<0.005
24 in 34 )
25 the 33 p<0.005
26 splenium 33 p<0.005
27 ( 30 -
28 r 29 =
29 = 30 -
30 - 31 0.62
30 - 32 ,
30 - 33 p<0.005

this suggests that obesity may be associated with axonal degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 suggests
2 suggests 3 that
3 that 4 obesity
3 that 7 associated
4 obesity 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 degeneration
9 axonal 10 degeneration

[only] in women , the putative myelin marker λ ( ⊥ ) significantly increased with increasing bmi ( r = 0.57 , p<0.005 ) and serum leptin levels ( r = 0.62 , p<0.005 ) [predominantly] in the genu of the corpus callosum , suggesting additional myelin degeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 λ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
2 in 3 women
2 in 4 ,
2 in 9 λ
5 the 9 λ
6 putative 7 myelin
7 myelin 8 marker
8 marker 9 λ
9 λ 11 ⊥
9 λ 14 increased
10 ( 11 ⊥
11 ⊥ 12 )
13 significantly 14 increased
14 increased 15 with
15 with 16 increasing
16 increasing 17 bmi
16 increasing 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 r 20 =
20 = 21 0.57
21 0.57 23 p<0.005
22 , 23 p<0.005
23 p<0.005 24 )
25 and 27 leptin
25 and 28 levels
26 serum 27 leptin
27 leptin 28 levels
28 levels 31 =
28 levels 37 in
29 ( 31 =
30 r 31 =
31 = 32 0.62
32 0.62 34 p<0.005
33 , 34 p<0.005
34 p<0.005 35 )
37 in 39 genu
38 the 39 genu
39 genu 40 of
39 genu 45 suggesting
40 of 43 callosum
41 the 43 callosum
42 corpus 43 callosum
44 , 45 suggesting
45 suggesting 48 degeneration
45 suggesting 49 .
46 additional 47 myelin
47 myelin 48 degeneration

comparable structural changes were reported for the aging brain , which may point to accelerated aging of wm structure in obese subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 comparable 3 changes
2 structural 3 changes
3 changes 4 were
4 were 5 reported
5 reported 6 for
6 for 9 brain
7 the 9 brain
8 aging 9 brain
10 , 11 which
10 , 13 point
11 which 12 may
12 may 13 point
13 point 14 to
14 to 16 aging
15 accelerated 16 aging
16 aging 17 of
16 aging 20 in
17 of 19 structure
18 wm 19 structure
20 in 22 subjects
21 obese 22 subjects

in conclusion , we demonstrate structural wm changes related to an elevated body weight , but with differences between men and women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 demonstrate
4 we 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 8 changes
5 demonstrate 9 related
6 structural 8 changes
7 wm 8 changes
8 changes 9 related
9 related 16 but
9 related 19 between
10 to 14 weight
10 to 16 but
11 an 14 weight
12 elevated 13 body
13 body 14 weight
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 with
17 with 18 differences
19 between 21 and
20 men 21 and
21 and 22 women

future studies on obesity - related functional and structural brain changes should therefore account for sex - related differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 account
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 3 on
2 studies 12 should
3 on 4 obesity
5 - 6 related
6 related 11 changes
6 related 12 should
7 functional 8 and
8 and 9 structural
8 and 10 brain
10 brain 11 changes
12 should 14 account
13 therefore 14 account
14 account 15 for
15 for 16 sex
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 differences
18 related 20 .

none objective : to identify exposures possibly contributing to anemia cases among hexavalent chromium medical surveillance program enrollees . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 anemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 none 2 objective
1 none 9 to
1 none 10 anemia
2 objective 3 :
3 : 4 to
3 : 5 identify
4 to 5 identify
5 identify 6 exposures
6 exposures 8 contributing
7 possibly 8 contributing
8 contributing 9 to
10 anemia 11 cases
10 anemia 12 among
12 among 18 enrollees
13 hexavalent 14 chromium
14 chromium 18 enrollees
15 medical 16 surveillance
16 surveillance 18 enrollees
17 program 18 enrollees

methods : an investigation encompassed metals surveillance programs , extensive workplace sampling and remediation , consultation , evaluation of laboratory accuracy , and [follow] [-] up of anemic individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 18 evaluation
3 an 18 evaluation
4 investigation 8 programs
5 encompassed 6 metals
6 metals 8 programs
7 surveillance 8 programs
8 programs 9 ,
9 , 12 sampling
9 , 13 and
10 extensive 11 workplace
11 workplace 12 sampling
13 and 14 remediation
13 and 16 consultation
13 and 18 evaluation
15 , 16 consultation
16 consultation 17 ,
18 evaluation 19 of
19 of 23 and
20 laboratory 21 accuracy
21 accuracy 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 26 up
23 and 27 of
27 of 29 individuals
28 anemic 29 individuals

results : workers had underlying medical conditions that affected surveillance results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 workers
2 : 4 had
2 : 12 .
3 workers 4 had
4 had 7 conditions
5 underlying 7 conditions
6 medical 7 conditions
7 conditions 8 that
7 conditions 9 affected
8 that 9 affected
9 affected 11 results
10 surveillance 11 results

there was a systemic error in classification based on hematocrit value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 error
3 a 4 systemic
3 a 5 error
4 systemic 5 error
5 error 6 in
6 in 7 classification
7 classification 8 based
8 based 9 on
9 on 11 value
10 hematocrit 11 value

the prevalence of anemia in a workforce averaging 52 years old was 16 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 of
2 prevalence 12 was
3 of 4 anemia
4 anemia 5 in
5 in 7 workforce
6 a 7 workforce
7 workforce 8 averaging
7 workforce 11 old
9 52 10 years
10 years 11 old
12 was 14 %
13 16 14 %

conclusions : anemia may be more prevalent in middle [-] aged workers than expected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 anemia
2 : 5 be
2 : 15 .
3 anemia 4 may
4 may 5 be
5 be 7 prevalent
6 more 7 prevalent
7 prevalent 8 in
7 prevalent 14 expected
8 in 12 workers
9 middle 11 aged
11 aged 12 workers
13 than 14 expected

modern laboratories generally report a calculated hematocrit value , and using hemoglobin for most classification purposes is preferred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 laboratories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 modern 2 laboratories
2 laboratories 4 report
3 generally 4 report
4 report 8 value
5 a 8 value
6 calculated 8 value
7 hematocrit 8 value
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 using
10 and 18 preferred
11 using 12 hemoglobin
11 using 13 for
11 using 17 is
13 for 16 purposes
14 most 16 purposes
15 classification 16 purposes
17 is 18 preferred

characteristics of a specific workforce , including age , health , hobbies , and diet , should be taken into account when interpreting medical surveillance program findings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 characteristics 2 of
1 characteristics 17 should
2 of 5 workforce
3 a 4 specific
3 a 5 workforce
4 specific 5 workforce
5 workforce 7 including
5 workforce 14 and
6 , 7 including
7 including 8 age
7 including 9 ,
9 , 14 and
10 health 11 ,
11 , 12 hobbies
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 diet
14 and 16 ,
17 should 18 be
18 be 19 taken
19 taken 21 account
19 taken 22 when
20 into 21 account
22 when 23 interpreting
23 interpreting 27 findings
24 medical 25 surveillance
25 surveillance 27 findings
26 program 27 findings

the value of a team approach in addressing occupational health problems was demonstrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 value
2 value 3 of
2 value 12 was
3 of 6 approach
4 a 6 approach
5 team 6 approach
6 approach 7 in
7 in 8 addressing
8 addressing 11 problems
9 occupational 10 health
10 health 11 problems
12 was 13 demonstrated

background and objectives : ankle - brachial index [(] abi ) is currently recommended for the screening of peripheral arterial disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 background 2 and
2 and 3 objectives
4 : 5 ankle
4 : 14 recommended
4 : 22 .
5 ankle 10 abi
5 ankle 12 is
6 - 10 abi
7 brachial 8 index
8 index 10 abi
10 abi 11 )
12 is 14 recommended
13 currently 14 recommended
14 recommended 15 for
15 for 17 screening
16 the 17 screening
17 screening 18 of
18 of 21 disease
19 peripheral 21 disease
20 arterial 21 disease

however , this method becomes less reliable in the presence [of] calcified , incompressible arteries , as they result in an erroneously elevated abi , and an additional measure termed the toe - brachial index [(] tbi ) is recommended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 becomes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 method
3 this 4 method
4 method 5 becomes
5 becomes 7 reliable
6 less 7 reliable
7 reliable 8 in
8 in 10 presence
9 the 10 presence
10 presence 12 calcified
10 presence 15 arteries
13 , 15 arteries
14 incompressible 15 arteries
15 arteries 16 ,
16 , 32 toe
16 , 39 is
17 as 18 they
17 as 19 result
17 as 32 toe
18 they 19 result
19 result 20 in
20 in 26 and
21 an 24 abi
22 erroneously 23 elevated
23 elevated 24 abi
24 abi 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 29 measure
26 and 30 termed
27 an 28 additional
27 an 29 measure
28 additional 29 measure
31 the 32 toe
32 toe 37 tbi
32 toe 39 is
33 - 37 tbi
34 brachial 37 tbi
35 index 37 tbi
37 tbi 38 )
39 is 40 recommended

the evaluation of abi , [and] in particular tbi , typically requires significant technical skill and often involves referral to a vascular laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 evaluation
2 evaluation 3 of
2 evaluation 16 and
3 of 4 abi
4 abi 7 in
5 , 7 in
7 in 9 tbi
7 in 10 ,
8 particular 9 tbi
11 typically 12 requires
12 requires 15 skill
12 requires 16 and
13 significant 15 skill
14 technical 15 skill
16 and 18 involves
17 often 18 involves
18 involves 19 referral
18 involves 20 to
20 to 23 laboratory
21 a 22 vascular
21 a 23 laboratory
22 vascular 23 laboratory

this present situation reveals the need for a valid and reliable , automatic , noninvasive device that will provide both abi and tbi at the level of the primary care physician . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 situation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reveals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 this 3 situation
2 present 3 situation
3 situation 4 reveals
4 reveals 6 need
4 reveals 24 at
5 the 6 need
6 need 7 for
7 for 22 and
8 a 21 abi
9 valid 10 and
10 and 16 device
10 and 17 that
10 and 18 will
10 and 21 abi
11 reliable 12 ,
11 reliable 16 device
13 automatic 14 ,
13 automatic 16 device
15 noninvasive 16 device
17 that 18 will
18 will 19 provide
19 provide 20 both
21 abi 22 and
22 and 23 tbi
24 at 26 level
25 the 26 level
26 level 27 of
27 of 31 physician
28 the 31 physician
29 primary 30 care
30 care 31 physician

the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of such a device , the vasera vs - 1500at , in the assessment [of] toe , ankle , and brachial systolic blood pressures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 11 and
8 evaluate 21 -
8 evaluate 24 in
9 the 11 and
10 accuracy 11 and
11 and 12 reliability
12 reliability 13 of
13 of 16 device
14 such 15 a
15 a 16 device
17 , 21 -
18 the 20 vs
19 vasera 20 vs
20 vs 21 -
21 - 22 1500at
21 - 23 ,
24 in 32 and
25 the 28 toe
26 assessment 28 toe
28 toe 29 ,
29 , 30 ankle
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 36 pressures
33 brachial 35 blood
34 systolic 35 blood
35 blood 36 pressures

materials and methods : this study involved the assessment of 80 limbs from 40 normotensive and hypertensive individuals ( 17 men and 23 women ) with a mean age of 45 ± 18 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 study
4 : 7 involved
4 : 35 .
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 involved
7 involved 9 assessment
7 involved 13 from
7 involved 26 with
8 the 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 of
10 of 12 limbs
11 80 12 limbs
13 from 18 individuals
14 40 18 individuals
15 normotensive 16 and
16 and 17 hypertensive
16 and 18 individuals
18 individuals 22 and
19 ( 22 and
20 17 21 men
21 men 22 and
22 and 24 women
22 and 25 )
23 23 24 women
26 with 29 age
27 a 29 age
28 mean 29 age
29 age 30 of
30 of 34 years
31 45 34 years
32 ± 34 years
33 18 34 years

results : there was a statistically significant correlation ( r=0.92 ) between toe systolic blood pressures obtained manually with photoplethysmography compared with those obtained through the automated device . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 was
2 : 29 .
3 there 4 was
4 was 8 correlation
4 was 12 between
4 was 25 through
5 a 6 statistically
5 a 8 correlation
6 statistically 7 significant
7 significant 8 correlation
8 correlation 10 r=0.92
9 ( 10 r=0.92
10 r=0.92 11 )
12 between 16 pressures
13 toe 16 pressures
14 systolic 15 blood
15 blood 16 pressures
16 pressures 17 obtained
16 pressures 19 with
16 pressures 21 compared
17 obtained 18 manually
19 with 20 photoplethysmography
21 compared 22 with
22 with 23 those
23 those 24 obtained
25 through 28 device
26 the 28 device
27 automated 28 device

the same significant correlation was also seen between the two with ankle [(] r=0.87 [ )(and brachial ( r=0.88 ) systolic blood pressures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 4 correlation
3 significant 4 correlation
4 correlation 5 was
5 was 6 also
5 was 7 seen
7 seen 8 between
7 seen 11 with
8 between 10 two
9 the 10 two
11 with 16 )(and
12 ankle 14 r=0.87
14 r=0.87 16 )(and
16 )(and 23 pressures
17 brachial 19 r=0.88
17 brachial 22 blood
18 ( 19 r=0.88
19 r=0.88 20 )
21 systolic 22 blood
22 blood 23 pressures

conclusion : these strong correlations demonstrate that further investigation of this device is [warranted] regarding its use as a screening tool for the assessment of peripheral arterial disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 correlations
2 : 6 demonstrate
3 these 5 correlations
4 strong 5 correlations
5 correlations 6 demonstrate
6 demonstrate 7 that
7 that 9 investigation
7 that 13 is
8 further 9 investigation
9 investigation 10 of
9 investigation 13 is
10 of 12 device
11 this 12 device
13 is 15 regarding
15 regarding 17 use
15 regarding 18 as
16 its 17 use
18 as 21 tool
19 a 21 tool
20 screening 21 tool
21 tool 22 for
22 for 24 assessment
23 the 24 assessment
24 assessment 25 of
25 of 28 disease
26 peripheral 28 disease
27 arterial 28 disease

the automation provided by this device could potentially eliminate variability in these measurements thereby allowing for screening and diagnosis to be done without referral to a vascular laboratory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 automation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 eliminate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 automation
2 automation 3 provided
2 automation 7 could
3 provided 4 by
4 by 6 device
5 this 6 device
7 could 9 eliminate
8 potentially 9 eliminate
9 eliminate 10 variability
9 eliminate 25 to
10 variability 11 in
10 variability 20 to
10 variability 21 be
11 in 18 and
12 these 13 measurements
13 measurements 16 for
13 measurements 18 and
14 thereby 16 for
15 allowing 16 for
16 for 17 screening
18 and 19 diagnosis
20 to 21 be
21 be 22 done
22 done 23 without
23 without 24 referral
25 to 28 laboratory
26 a 28 laboratory
27 vascular 28 laboratory

aims : given that high cholesterol levels at midlife are a risk factor [for] future cognitive decline , the goal of the current study was to determine if cholesterol - related alterations in the cerebrovascular response to cognition could be detected at midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 levels
2 : 10 are
2 : 27 determine
2 : 44 .
3 given 6 cholesterol
4 that 5 high
5 high 6 cholesterol
6 cholesterol 7 levels
7 levels 8 at
7 levels 10 are
8 at 9 midlife
10 are 17 decline
11 a 17 decline
12 risk 15 future
13 factor 15 future
15 future 17 decline
16 cognitive 17 decline
18 , 27 determine
19 the 20 goal
20 goal 21 of
20 goal 25 was
21 of 24 study
22 the 24 study
23 current 24 study
25 was 26 to
25 was 27 determine
26 to 27 determine
27 determine 28 if
27 determine 42 at
28 if 29 cholesterol
28 if 41 detected
29 cholesterol 39 could
30 - 31 related
31 related 32 alterations
31 related 37 to
31 related 39 could
32 alterations 33 in
33 in 36 response
34 the 36 response
35 cerebrovascular 36 response
37 to 38 cognition
39 could 40 be
40 be 41 detected
42 at 43 midlife

methods : forty adults , aged 40 - 60 years , performed a 2 [-] back working memory task during fmri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 12 performed
2 : 22 .
3 forty 4 adults
4 adults 6 aged
4 adults 10 years
4 adults 12 performed
5 , 6 aged
6 aged 7 40
6 aged 8 -
8 - 10 years
9 60 10 years
10 years 11 ,
12 performed 19 task
12 performed 20 during
13 a 19 task
14 2 16 back
16 back 17 working
17 working 18 memory
18 memory 19 task
20 during 21 fmri

the associations between serum total cholesterol , hdl - cholesterol , and total cholesterol/hdl - cholesterol concentrations to task - related activation intensity were modeled using multivariate multiple regression ( two - tailed p < 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 the 2 associations
2 associations 3 between
2 associations 5 total
3 between 4 serum
5 total 6 cholesterol
7 , 12 and
7 , 25 modeled
8 hdl 9 -
8 hdl 12 and
10 cholesterol 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 23 intensity
12 and 24 were
13 total 23 intensity
14 cholesterol/hdl 17 concentrations
14 cholesterol/hdl 20 -
14 cholesterol/hdl 22 activation
15 - 17 concentrations
16 cholesterol 17 concentrations
17 concentrations 18 to
17 concentrations 19 task
17 concentrations 20 -
18 to 19 task
21 related 22 activation
22 activation 23 intensity
24 were 25 modeled
25 modeled 26 using
25 modeled 33 tailed
26 using 29 regression
27 multivariate 29 regression
28 multiple 29 regression
29 regression 31 two
30 ( 31 two
31 two 32 -
32 - 33 tailed
33 tailed 35 <
33 tailed 37 )
34 p 35 <
35 < 36 0.02
35 < 37 )

results : higher levels of total cholesterol/hdl - cholesterol related to reduced working memory - related activation [intensity] in the left inferior parietal lobe , right superior frontal gyrus , and right middle frontal gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 levels
2 : 10 related
2 : 15 -
3 higher 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
4 levels 10 related
5 of 9 cholesterol
6 total 9 cholesterol
7 cholesterol/hdl 8 -
7 cholesterol/hdl 9 cholesterol
10 related 11 to
11 to 14 memory
12 reduced 14 memory
13 working 14 memory
15 - 31 and
15 - 33 middle
15 - 36 .
16 related 17 activation
17 activation 19 in
17 activation 25 ,
19 in 24 lobe
20 the 24 lobe
21 left 24 lobe
22 inferior 24 lobe
23 parietal 24 lobe
25 , 29 gyrus
25 , 31 and
26 right 29 gyrus
27 superior 29 gyrus
28 frontal 29 gyrus
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 right
31 and 33 middle
33 middle 35 gyrus
34 frontal 35 gyrus

conclusion : these data provide preliminary support for a deleterious effect [of] elevated total cholesterol/hdl - cholesterol ratio on cerebrovascular support for cognition in midlife . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 provide
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 provide
5 provide 7 support
5 provide 8 for
5 provide 24 in
6 preliminary 7 support
8 for 18 ratio
9 a 10 deleterious
9 a 18 ratio
10 deleterious 17 cholesterol
11 effect 13 elevated
13 elevated 17 cholesterol
14 total 17 cholesterol
15 cholesterol/hdl 16 -
15 cholesterol/hdl 17 cholesterol
17 cholesterol 18 ratio
18 ratio 19 on
18 ratio 22 for
19 on 21 support
20 cerebrovascular 21 support
22 for 23 cognition
24 in 25 midlife

background : mutations in the cardiac na ( [+] [ )(channel gene [(] scn5a ) can adversely affect [electric] function in the heart , but effects can be age [dependent] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 mutations
2 : 25 but
3 mutations 4 in
3 mutations 7 na
3 mutations 18 affect
3 mutations 25 but
4 in 6 cardiac
5 the 6 cardiac
7 na 14 scn5a
7 na 16 can
8 ( 14 scn5a
11 )(channel 12 gene
12 gene 14 scn5a
14 scn5a 15 )
16 can 18 affect
17 adversely 18 affect
20 function 21 in
20 function 25 but
21 in 23 heart
22 the 23 heart
24 , 25 but
25 but 29 age
26 effects 27 can
27 can 28 be
28 be 29 age

we explored the interacting effects of scn5a disruption and aging on the pathogenesis of sinus node dysfunction in a heterozygous [scn5a] [knockout] ( scn5a ( +/ - ) ) mouse model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 5 effects
2 explored 11 on
2 explored 18 in
3 the 5 effects
4 interacting 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 scn5a 8 disruption
8 disruption 9 and
9 and 10 aging
11 on 13 pathogenesis
12 the 13 pathogenesis
13 pathogenesis 14 of
14 of 17 dysfunction
15 sinus 16 node
16 node 17 dysfunction
18 in 31 model
19 a 20 heterozygous
19 a 31 model
20 heterozygous 24 scn5a
20 heterozygous 29 )
20 heterozygous 30 mouse
23 ( 24 scn5a
24 scn5a 26 +/
24 scn5a 28 )
25 ( 26 +/
26 +/ 27 -
30 mouse 31 model

both scn5a disruption and aging were associated with decreased heart rate variability , reduced sinoatrial node automaticity , and slowed sinoatrial conduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disruption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 both 3 disruption
2 scn5a 3 disruption
4 and 5 aging
4 and 19 and
5 aging 19 and
6 were 7 associated
6 were 19 and
7 associated 8 with
8 with 13 ,
9 decreased 12 variability
9 decreased 13 ,
10 heart 12 variability
11 rate 12 variability
13 , 14 reduced
14 reduced 17 automaticity
15 sinoatrial 16 node
16 node 17 automaticity
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 slowed
20 slowed 22 conduction
21 sinoatrial 22 conduction

they also led to increased collagen and fibroblast levels and upregulated transforming growth factor - β ( 1 ) ( tgf - β ( 1 ) ) and vimentin transcripts , providing measures of fibrosis [and] reduced nav1.5 expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 they 3 led
2 also 3 led
3 led 4 to
4 to 7 and
5 increased 6 collagen
6 collagen 7 and
7 and 33 measures
8 fibroblast 9 levels
9 levels 10 and
10 and 14 factor
10 and 15 -
10 and 16 β
10 and 28 and
11 upregulated 14 factor
12 transforming 13 growth
13 growth 14 factor
15 - 16 β
16 β 18 1
16 β 21 tgf
16 β 27 )
17 ( 18 1
18 1 19 )
20 ( 21 tgf
21 tgf 23 β
21 tgf 26 )
22 - 23 β
23 β 25 1
23 β 26 )
24 ( 25 1
25 1 26 )
28 and 30 transcripts
28 and 31 ,
28 and 32 providing
28 and 33 measures
29 vimentin 30 transcripts
33 measures 34 of
34 of 39 expression
35 fibrosis 37 reduced
37 reduced 39 expression
38 nav1.5 39 expression

all these effects were most noticeable in old [scn5a] ( +/ - ) mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 all 2 these
1 all 3 effects
1 all 4 were
2 these 3 effects
4 were 6 noticeable
5 most 6 noticeable
6 noticeable 7 in
7 in 14 mice
8 old 11 +/
8 old 13 )
8 old 14 mice
10 ( 11 +/
11 +/ 12 -

na [(] [+] ) channel inhibition by nav1.5 - e3 antibody directly increased tgf - β ( 1 ) production in both cultured human cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 channel
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 na 4 )
1 na 5 channel
5 channel 6 inhibition
5 channel 7 by
7 by 8 nav1.5
8 nav1.5 14 tgf
9 - 14 tgf
10 e3 14 tgf
11 antibody 14 tgf
12 directly 13 increased
13 increased 14 tgf
14 tgf 15 -
15 - 27 and
15 - 29 .
16 β 18 1
16 β 19 )
16 β 20 production
17 ( 18 1
18 1 19 )
20 production 21 in
20 production 27 and
21 in 26 myocytes
22 both 26 myocytes
23 cultured 26 myocytes
24 human 26 myocytes
25 cardiac 26 myocytes
27 and 28 fibroblasts

finally , aging was associated with downregulation of a wide range [of] ion channel and related transcripts [and] , again , was [greatest] in old [scn5a] ( +/ - ) mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 aging
3 aging 21 ,
4 was 5 associated
4 was 21 ,
5 associated 6 with
5 associated 20 again
6 with 7 downregulation
7 downregulation 8 of
8 of 15 and
9 a 10 wide
9 a 14 channel
10 wide 11 range
11 range 14 channel
13 ion 14 channel
14 channel 15 and
15 and 17 transcripts
15 and 19 ,
16 related 17 transcripts
21 , 22 was
22 was 24 in
24 in 31 mice
25 old 28 +/
25 old 30 )
25 old 31 mice
27 ( 28 +/
28 +/ 29 -

the quantitative results from these studies permitted computer simulations that successfully replicated the observed sinoatrial node phenotypes shown by the different experimental groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 permitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 results
2 quantitative 3 results
3 results 4 from
3 results 7 permitted
4 from 6 studies
5 these 6 studies
7 permitted 9 simulations
8 computer 9 simulations
9 simulations 12 replicated
9 simulations 16 node
9 simulations 17 phenotypes
9 simulations 18 shown
10 that 11 successfully
11 successfully 12 replicated
13 the 16 node
14 observed 16 node
15 sinoatrial 16 node
16 node 17 phenotypes
18 shown 19 by
19 by 23 groups
20 the 23 groups
21 different 23 groups
22 experimental 23 groups

conclusions : these results implicate a tissue degeneration triggered by nav1.5 deficiency manifesting as a tgf - β ( 1 ) - mediated fibrosis accompanied by electric remodeling in the sinus node dysfunction associated with scn5a disruption or aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 implicate
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 implicate
5 implicate 7 tissue
6 a 7 tissue
7 tissue 8 degeneration
7 tissue 13 manifesting
8 degeneration 9 triggered
9 triggered 10 by
9 triggered 12 deficiency
10 by 11 nav1.5
12 deficiency 13 manifesting
13 manifesting 14 as
13 manifesting 35 with
14 as 24 fibrosis
15 a 24 fibrosis
16 tgf 18 β
16 tgf 23 mediated
17 - 18 β
18 β 20 1
18 β 22 -
19 ( 20 1
20 1 21 )
23 mediated 24 fibrosis
24 fibrosis 25 accompanied
25 accompanied 26 by
25 accompanied 34 associated
26 by 28 remodeling
27 electric 28 remodeling
28 remodeling 29 in
29 in 33 dysfunction
30 the 33 dysfunction
31 sinus 32 node
32 node 33 dysfunction
35 with 36 scn5a
35 with 38 or
37 disruption 38 or
38 or 39 aging

the latter effects interact to produce the most severe phenotype in old [scn5a] ( +/ - ) mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 latter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 produce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 latter
2 latter 3 effects
2 latter 5 to
2 latter 6 produce
3 effects 4 interact
4 interact 5 to
6 produce 10 phenotype
6 produce 11 in
7 the 10 phenotype
8 most 9 severe
9 severe 10 phenotype
11 in 18 mice
12 old 15 +/
12 old 17 )
12 old 18 mice
14 ( 15 +/
15 +/ 16 -

in demonstrating this , our findings suggest a novel regulatory role for nav1.5 in cellular biological processes in addition to its electrophysiologic function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 demonstrating
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 findings
2 demonstrating 3 this
5 our 6 findings
6 findings 7 suggest
7 suggest 11 role
7 suggest 14 in
7 suggest 18 in
7 suggest 20 to
8 a 9 novel
8 a 11 role
9 novel 11 role
10 regulatory 11 role
11 role 12 for
12 for 13 nav1.5
14 in 17 processes
15 cellular 17 processes
16 biological 17 processes
18 in 19 addition
20 to 23 function
21 its 23 function
22 electrophysiologic 23 function

none the population aged 65 years and older is increasing at a faster rate than the total population , with predictions that by 2030 , 20 % of the population will be 65 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
1 none 3 population
1 none 4 aged
1 none 9 is
2 the 3 population
3 population 4 aged
4 aged 7 and
5 65 6 years
6 years 7 and
7 and 8 older
9 is 10 increasing
10 increasing 11 at
10 increasing 15 than
10 increasing 20 with
11 at 14 rate
12 a 14 rate
13 faster 14 rate
15 than 18 population
16 the 18 population
17 total 18 population
19 , 20 with
20 with 21 predictions
20 with 37 .
21 predictions 22 that
21 predictions 32 be
22 that 27 %
22 that 32 be
23 by 24 2030
23 by 25 ,
23 by 27 %
26 20 27 %
27 % 28 of
27 % 32 be
28 of 31 will
29 the 31 will
30 population 31 will
32 be 35 or
33 65 34 years
34 years 35 or
35 or 36 older

in 2006 , between 35 [%] and 50 % of those aged 65 years or older reportedly had presbycusis , [a] sensory impairment that contributes to social isolation and loss of autonomy and is associated with anxiety , depression , and cognitive decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 had
1 in 2 2006
1 in 3 ,
1 in 9 %
4 between 7 and
5 35 7 and
7 and 8 50
7 and 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 12 aged
9 % 18 had
10 of 11 those
12 aged 15 or
13 65 14 years
14 years 15 or
15 or 16 older
17 reportedly 18 had
18 had 19 presbycusis
19 presbycusis 23 impairment
20 , 23 impairment
22 sensory 23 impairment
23 impairment 24 that
23 impairment 33 and
23 impairment 44 .
24 that 33 and
25 contributes 26 to
25 contributes 33 and
26 to 29 and
27 social 28 isolation
28 isolation 29 and
29 and 30 loss
29 and 31 of
31 of 32 autonomy
33 and 34 is
34 is 35 associated
35 associated 36 with
36 with 41 and
37 anxiety 38 ,
38 , 39 depression
38 , 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 43 decline
42 cognitive 43 decline

to address these concerns , [the] geriatric committee of the american academy of otolaryngology , in conjunction with the hearing committee , focused on 3 challenges and opportunities in the management of presbycusis [:] ( 1 ) the financial burden of caring for patients with presbycusis in the face of increasing costs and declining reimbursements [;] ( 2 ) future treatment options arising from improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying presbycusis , and [(] 3 [ )(recognition of central presbycusis as a condition commonly superimposed on peripheral age - related hearing loss whose diagnosis and management can improve outcomes . 
1 to 2 address
1 to 5 ,
1 to 12 academy
2 address 4 concerns
3 these 4 concerns
5 , 7 geriatric
7 geriatric 12 academy
8 committee 12 academy
9 of 11 american
9 of 12 academy
10 the 11 american
12 academy 13 of
12 academy 16 in
12 academy 23 focused
13 of 14 otolaryngology
15 , 16 in
16 in 17 conjunction
16 in 22 ,
17 conjunction 18 with
18 with 21 committee
19 the 21 committee
20 hearing 21 committee
23 focused 24 on
23 focused 27 and
23 focused 29 in
24 on 25 3
26 challenges 27 and
27 and 28 opportunities
29 in 31 management
30 the 31 management
31 management 32 of
31 management 39 financial
31 management 40 burden
31 management 41 of
32 of 33 presbycusis
33 presbycusis 36 1
35 ( 36 1
36 1 37 )
38 the 39 financial
39 financial 40 burden
41 of 42 caring
42 caring 43 for
42 caring 47 in
42 caring 50 of
43 for 44 patients
44 patients 45 with
45 with 46 presbycusis
47 in 49 face
48 the 49 face
50 of 62 options
51 increasing 62 options
52 costs 53 and
53 and 55 reimbursements
53 and 58 2
53 and 62 options
54 declining 55 reimbursements
57 ( 58 2
58 2 59 )
60 future 62 options
61 treatment 62 options
62 options 63 arising
62 options 67 of
62 options 71 underlying
63 arising 64 from
64 from 66 understanding
65 improved 66 understanding
67 of 70 mechanisms
68 the 70 mechanisms
69 molecular 70 mechanisms
71 underlying 74 and
71 underlying 82 as
72 presbycusis 74 and
73 , 74 and
74 and 78 )(recognition
74 and 79 of
76 3 78 )(recognition
79 of 81 presbycusis
80 central 81 presbycusis
82 as 84 condition
83 a 84 condition
84 condition 86 superimposed
84 condition 93 loss
85 commonly 86 superimposed
86 superimposed 87 on
87 on 89 age
88 peripheral 89 age
90 - 93 loss
91 related 93 loss
92 hearing 93 loss
93 loss 94 whose
93 loss 101 .
94 whose 95 diagnosis
95 diagnosis 96 and
96 and 97 management
96 and 98 can
98 can 99 improve
99 improve 100 outcomes

tauopathies are characterized by hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule - associated protein tau and its accumulation into fibrillar aggregates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tauopathies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 tauopathies 2 are
2 are 3 characterized
3 characterized 4 by
3 characterized 16 into
4 by 5 hyperphosphorylation
5 hyperphosphorylation 6 of
6 of 13 and
7 the 12 tau
8 microtubule 9 -
8 microtubule 11 protein
10 associated 11 protein
11 protein 12 tau
12 tau 13 and
13 and 15 accumulation
14 its 15 accumulation
16 into 18 aggregates
17 fibrillar 18 aggregates

toxic effects of aggregated tau [and/or] dysfunction of soluble tau could both contribute to neural defects in these neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 toxic 2 effects
2 effects 3 of
2 effects 11 could
3 of 7 dysfunction
4 aggregated 5 tau
5 tau 7 dysfunction
7 dysfunction 8 of
8 of 10 tau
9 soluble 10 tau
11 could 13 contribute
12 both 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
13 contribute 17 in
14 to 16 defects
15 neural 16 defects
17 in 20 diseases
18 these 20 diseases
19 neurodegenerative 20 diseases

we have generated a novel knockin mouse model of an inherited tauopathy , frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to tau mutations on chromosome 17 ( ftdp - 17 t ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 generated
3 generated 8 model
4 a 8 model
5 novel 8 model
6 knockin 8 model
7 mouse 8 model
8 model 9 of
8 model 15 dementia
9 of 12 tauopathy
10 an 12 tauopathy
11 inherited 12 tauopathy
13 , 15 dementia
14 frontotemporal 15 dementia
15 dementia 16 with
15 dementia 18 linked
15 dementia 22 on
15 dementia 29 t
15 dementia 30 )
16 with 17 parkinsonism
18 linked 19 to
19 to 21 mutations
20 tau 21 mutations
22 on 23 chromosome
23 chromosome 24 17
23 chromosome 26 ftdp
25 ( 26 ftdp
26 ftdp 27 -
27 - 29 t
28 17 29 t
29 t 30 )

we incorporated a single mutation , homologous to the common ftdp - 17 t p301l mutation , directly into the endogenous mouse gene , mimicking the human disease situation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incorporated
1 we 2 incorporated
2 incorporated 5 mutation
2 incorporated 18 directly
2 incorporated 19 into
3 a 4 single
3 a 5 mutation
4 single 5 mutation
5 mutation 7 homologous
6 , 7 homologous
7 homologous 8 to
7 homologous 17 ,
8 to 16 mutation
9 the 16 mutation
10 common 16 mutation
11 ftdp 16 mutation
12 - 13 17
13 17 14 t
14 t 16 mutation
15 p301l 16 mutation
19 into 23 gene
20 the 23 gene
21 endogenous 22 mouse
22 mouse 23 gene
23 gene 25 mimicking
24 , 25 mimicking
25 mimicking 29 situation
25 mimicking 30 .
26 the 29 situation
27 human 28 disease
28 disease 29 situation

these mice express p301l - equivalent mutant tau at normal physiological levels from the knockin allele . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 express
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 mice
2 mice 3 express
3 express 4 p301l
5 - 8 tau
6 equivalent 8 tau
7 mutant 8 tau
8 tau 9 at
9 at 12 levels
10 normal 12 levels
11 physiological 12 levels
12 levels 13 from
13 from 16 allele
14 the 16 allele
15 knockin 16 allele

importantly , in contrast to existing transgenic mouse models that overexpress human p301l mutant tau , no overt tau pathology developed during the normal lifespan of the knockin mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 pathology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 20 pathology
3 in 4 contrast
3 in 16 ,
3 in 20 pathology
4 contrast 5 to
5 to 9 models
6 existing 8 mouse
7 transgenic 8 mouse
8 mouse 9 models
9 models 10 that
9 models 11 overexpress
10 that 11 overexpress
11 overexpress 15 tau
12 human 14 mutant
13 p301l 14 mutant
14 mutant 15 tau
17 no 20 pathology
18 overt 19 tau
19 tau 20 pathology
20 pathology 21 developed
21 developed 22 during
22 during 25 lifespan
23 the 25 lifespan
24 normal 25 lifespan
25 lifespan 26 of
26 of 29 mice
27 the 29 mice
28 knockin 29 mice

in fact , overall phosphorylation of tau was reduced , perhaps due to reduced microtubule binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 phosphorylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduced
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 5 phosphorylation
4 overall 5 phosphorylation
5 phosphorylation 6 of
5 phosphorylation 8 was
6 of 7 tau
8 was 9 reduced
9 reduced 13 to
10 , 11 perhaps
10 , 13 to
12 due 13 to
13 to 15 microtubule
13 to 17 .
14 reduced 15 microtubule
15 microtubule 16 binding

however , homozygous knockin mice did display intriguing age - dependent changes in axonal transport of mitochondria , and increased spontaneous locomotor activity in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mice
3 homozygous 4 knockin
4 knockin 5 mice
5 mice 19 and
6 did 7 display
6 did 19 and
7 display 9 age
8 intriguing 9 age
9 age 12 changes
10 - 12 changes
11 dependent 12 changes
12 changes 13 in
12 changes 18 ,
13 in 15 transport
14 axonal 15 transport
15 transport 16 of
16 of 17 mitochondria
19 and 20 increased
19 and 24 in
20 increased 23 activity
21 spontaneous 22 locomotor
22 locomotor 23 activity
24 in 26 age
25 old 26 age

these could represent early consequences of the tau dysfunction that eventually precipitates pathogenesis in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 could
2 could 3 represent
3 represent 5 consequences
4 early 5 consequences
5 consequences 6 of
6 of 9 dysfunction
7 the 9 dysfunction
8 tau 9 dysfunction
9 dysfunction 10 that
9 dysfunction 12 precipitates
10 that 12 precipitates
11 eventually 12 precipitates
12 precipitates 13 pathogenesis
12 precipitates 14 in
14 in 15 humans

purpose : to measure choroidal thickness and to determine parameters associated with it . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 and
2 : 14 .
3 to 7 and
4 measure 6 thickness
4 measure 7 and
5 choroidal 6 thickness
7 and 8 to
7 and 9 determine
8 to 9 determine
9 determine 10 parameters
10 parameters 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 13 it

design : cross - sectional study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 3 cross
4 - 6 study
5 sectional 6 study

participants : seventy - four glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 11 .
3 seventy 4 -
4 - 5 four
4 - 7 patients
6 glaucoma 7 patients
7 patients 8 and
8 and 10 suspects
9 glaucoma 10 suspects

methods : spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) scans were obtained to estimate average choroidal thickness in a group of glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 spectral
3 spectral 6 coherence
3 spectral 17 estimate
4 domain 6 coherence
5 optical 6 coherence
6 coherence 7 tomography
6 coherence 13 scans
6 coherence 14 were
7 tomography 11 oct
7 tomography 13 scans
8 ( 11 oct
9 sd 11 oct
10 - 11 oct
11 oct 12 )
14 were 15 obtained
15 obtained 16 to
16 to 17 estimate
17 estimate 20 thickness
17 estimate 21 in
18 average 20 thickness
19 choroidal 20 thickness
21 in 27 and
22 a 23 group
23 group 24 of
23 group 27 and
24 of 26 suspects
25 glaucoma 26 suspects
27 and 29 patients
28 glaucoma 29 patients

the average thickness was calculated from enhanced depth sd - oct images and manually analyzed with image j software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 thickness
2 average 3 thickness
3 thickness 4 was
4 was 5 calculated
5 calculated 6 from
6 from 13 and
7 enhanced 12 images
7 enhanced 13 and
8 depth 12 images
9 sd 11 oct
10 - 11 oct
11 oct 12 images
13 and 15 analyzed
13 and 16 with
14 manually 15 analyzed
16 with 19 software
17 image 18 j
17 image 19 software

open - angle glaucoma , open - angle glaucoma suspect , primary angle - closure glaucoma , primary angle closure , and primary angle - closure [suspect] were defined by published criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 open
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 glaucoma
2 - 5 ,
2 - 24 angle
2 - 25 -
3 angle 4 glaucoma
5 , 10 suspect
5 , 11 ,
6 open 7 -
6 open 8 angle
8 angle 9 glaucoma
9 glaucoma 10 suspect
11 , 13 angle
11 , 14 -
12 primary 13 angle
14 - 15 closure
15 closure 22 and
15 closure 24 angle
16 glaucoma 17 ,
17 , 20 closure
17 , 22 and
18 primary 20 closure
19 angle 20 closure
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 primary
22 and 24 angle
25 - 26 closure
25 - 29 defined
25 - 33 .
26 closure 28 were
28 were 29 defined
29 defined 30 by
30 by 32 criteria
31 published 32 criteria

glaucoma suspects had normal visual fields bilaterally . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 glaucoma 2 suspects
2 suspects 3 had
3 had 6 fields
3 had 7 bilaterally
4 normal 6 fields
5 visual 6 fields

glaucoma was defined by specific criteria for optic disc damage and visual field loss in ≥1 [eye] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 glaucoma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 glaucoma 2 was
2 was 3 defined
3 defined 4 by
3 defined 7 for
3 defined 15 in
4 by 6 criteria
5 specific 6 criteria
7 for 11 and
8 optic 9 disc
9 disc 10 damage
10 damage 11 and
11 and 14 loss
12 visual 13 field
13 field 14 loss
15 in 16 ≥1

the most affected eye was analyzed for comparisons across individuals , and right/left and upper half/lower half comparisons were made to compare thickness against degree of visual field damage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 eye
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 4 eye
2 most 3 affected
3 affected 4 eye
4 eye 5 was
5 was 6 analyzed
6 analyzed 7 for
6 analyzed 9 across
7 for 8 comparisons
9 across 12 and
10 individuals 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 25 degree
12 and 26 of
13 right/left 14 and
14 and 16 half/lower
14 and 17 half
14 and 24 against
14 and 25 degree
15 upper 16 half/lower
17 half 18 comparisons
17 half 21 to
17 half 22 compare
18 comparisons 19 were
19 were 20 made
20 made 21 to
22 compare 23 thickness
22 compare 24 against
26 of 29 damage
27 visual 28 field
28 field 29 damage

main outcome measures : average macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness measured using sd - oct . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 average
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 main 2 outcome
2 outcome 3 measures
3 measures 4 :
4 : 5 average
5 average 10 thickness
6 macular 7 and
7 and 8 peripapillary
7 and 10 thickness
9 choroidal 10 thickness
10 thickness 11 measured
11 measured 12 using
12 using 15 oct
13 sd 15 oct
14 - 15 oct

results : the choroidal - scleral interface was visualized in 86 % and 96 % of the macular and peripapillary scans , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 interface
2 : 9 visualized
2 : 13 and
3 the 7 interface
4 choroidal 5 -
4 choroidal 7 interface
6 scleral 7 interface
7 interface 8 was
8 was 9 visualized
9 visualized 10 in
10 in 12 %
11 86 12 %
13 and 15 %
13 and 21 scans
14 96 15 %
15 % 16 of
15 % 21 scans
16 of 19 and
17 the 18 macular
18 macular 19 and
19 and 20 peripapillary
21 scans 23 respectively
22 , 23 respectively
23 respectively 24 .

the choroid was not significantly thinner in glaucoma patients than in suspects ( 14 μm [[] 95 % ci , - 54 , 26 ] [;] p = 0.5 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 choroid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 choroid
2 choroid 3 was
3 was 4 not
3 was 5 significantly
3 was 6 thinner
6 thinner 7 in
6 thinner 10 than
7 in 9 patients
8 glaucoma 9 patients
10 than 11 in
11 in 12 suspects
12 suspects 19 ci
12 suspects 22 54
13 ( 19 ci
14 14 15 μm
15 μm 19 ci
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
19 ci 20 ,
20 , 22 54
21 - 22 54
22 54 24 26
22 54 28 =
22 54 30 )
23 , 24 26
24 26 25 ]
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.5
28 = 30 )

peripapillary choroidal thickness was not significantly different between glaucoma and suspect patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 peripapillary 3 thickness
2 choroidal 3 thickness
3 thickness 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 7 different
5 not 6 significantly
6 significantly 7 different
7 different 8 between
8 between 10 and
9 glaucoma 10 and
10 and 12 patients
11 suspect 12 patients

thickness was not associated with damage severity as estimated by visual field mean deviation or nerve fiber layer thickness , including comparisons of right with left [eye] or upper with lower values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 thickness 2 was
2 was 3 not
2 was 5 with
2 was 10 by
3 not 4 associated
5 with 7 severity
6 damage 7 severity
7 severity 9 estimated
8 as 9 estimated
10 by 15 or
11 visual 12 field
12 field 14 deviation
13 mean 14 deviation
14 deviation 15 or
15 or 19 thickness
15 or 21 including
16 nerve 17 fiber
17 fiber 19 thickness
18 layer 19 thickness
20 , 21 including
21 including 22 comparisons
21 including 33 .
22 comparisons 23 of
22 comparisons 25 with
23 of 24 right
25 with 28 or
26 left 28 or
28 or 29 upper
28 or 30 with
30 with 32 values
31 lower 32 values

conclusions : age , axial length , cct , and diastolic ocular perfusion pressure are significantly associated with choroidal thickness in glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 age
4 , 10 and
4 , 17 associated
5 axial 6 length
6 length 7 ,
7 , 8 cct
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 14 pressure
10 and 15 are
11 diastolic 13 perfusion
12 ocular 13 perfusion
13 perfusion 14 pressure
15 are 16 significantly
15 are 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 21 in
18 with 20 thickness
19 choroidal 20 thickness
21 in 24 and
22 glaucoma 23 suspects
23 suspects 24 and
24 and 26 patients
25 glaucoma 26 patients

degree of glaucoma damage was not consistently associated with choroidal thickness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 degree
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 degree 2 of
1 degree 5 was
2 of 4 damage
3 glaucoma 4 damage
5 was 6 not
5 was 8 associated
7 consistently 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 11 thickness
10 choroidal 11 thickness

financial disclosure ( s ) : proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disclosure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 financial 2 disclosure
2 disclosure 4 s
2 disclosure 6 :
3 ( 4 s
4 s 5 )
6 : 7 proprietary
8 or 10 disclosure
8 or 13 found
9 commercial 10 disclosure
10 disclosure 11 may
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 found
13 found 14 after
14 after 16 references
15 the 16 references

background : as the scope of neurosurgical spinal operations has broadened widely , spinal neurosurgery is certainly the one of the fields of neurosurgery where the most changes are observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 15 neurosurgery
2 : 16 is
2 : 31 .
3 as 5 scope
3 as 11 broadened
3 as 13 ,
3 as 15 neurosurgery
4 the 5 scope
5 scope 6 of
5 scope 10 has
6 of 9 operations
7 neurosurgical 9 operations
8 spinal 9 operations
10 has 11 broadened
11 broadened 12 widely
14 spinal 15 neurosurgery
15 neurosurgery 16 is
16 is 17 certainly
16 is 19 one
18 the 19 one
19 one 20 of
20 of 22 fields
21 the 22 fields
22 fields 23 of
22 fields 25 where
23 of 24 neurosurgery
25 where 28 changes
25 where 30 observed
26 the 27 most
27 most 28 changes
28 changes 29 are
29 are 30 observed

increasing health costs and an aging population will make this issue even more crucial in the future . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 increasing 2 health
2 health 3 costs
3 costs 4 and
4 and 7 population
4 and 8 will
5 an 7 population
6 aging 7 population
8 will 9 make
9 make 11 issue
10 this 11 issue
11 issue 14 crucial
12 even 13 more
13 more 14 crucial
14 crucial 15 in
15 in 17 future
16 the 17 future

methods : we reviewed the number of spinal procedures performed by neurosurgeons in belgium between 2000 and 2005 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 reviewed
2 : 19 .
3 we 4 reviewed
4 reviewed 9 procedures
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 9 procedures
7 of 9 procedures
8 spinal 9 procedures
9 procedures 10 performed
10 performed 11 by
10 performed 13 in
11 by 12 neurosurgeons
13 in 14 belgium
14 belgium 17 and
15 between 17 and
16 2000 17 and
17 and 18 2005

during this period , the number of lumbar spinal operations for degenerative spinal diseases has increased by 20 % , reaching more than 23,000 operations per year , among which 77 % were decompressive surgeries , 43 % posterior fusions , and 50 % anterior fusions , all done by neurosurgeons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 during 3 period
1 during 4 ,
1 during 6 number
2 this 3 period
5 the 6 number
6 number 7 of
6 number 15 has
7 of 10 operations
8 lumbar 10 operations
9 spinal 10 operations
10 operations 11 for
11 for 14 diseases
12 degenerative 14 diseases
13 spinal 14 diseases
15 has 16 increased
16 increased 17 by
17 by 19 %
18 20 19 %
19 % 21 reaching
20 , 21 reaching
21 reaching 25 operations
21 reaching 36 ,
22 more 23 than
23 than 24 23,000
24 23,000 25 operations
25 operations 26 per
25 operations 29 among
26 per 27 year
28 , 29 among
29 among 30 which
29 among 32 %
29 among 33 were
29 among 36 ,
31 77 32 %
32 % 33 were
33 were 35 surgeries
34 decompressive 35 surgeries
36 , 42 and
37 43 40 fusions
38 % 40 fusions
39 posterior 40 fusions
40 fusions 42 and
41 , 42 and
42 and 46 fusions
42 and 47 ,
42 and 49 done
42 and 50 by
43 50 46 fusions
44 % 46 fusions
45 anterior 46 fusions
48 all 49 done
50 by 51 neurosurgeons

the neurosurgical prevalence is even more striking in cervical or intradural procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 prevalence
2 neurosurgical 3 prevalence
3 prevalence 4 is
4 is 5 even
4 is 7 striking
6 more 7 striking
7 striking 8 in
8 in 12 procedures
9 cervical 10 or
10 or 11 intradural
10 or 12 procedures

conclusion : as a result we created a neurosurgical spine society to represent neurosurgeons who were otherwise almost absent from the political decision - making processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 represent
2 : 6 we
2 : 7 created
3 as 5 result
3 as 6 we
4 a 5 result
6 we 7 created
7 created 11 society
7 created 12 to
8 a 9 neurosurgical
8 a 11 society
9 neurosurgical 11 society
10 spine 11 society
12 to 13 represent
13 represent 14 neurosurgeons
14 neurosurgeons 15 who
14 neurosurgeons 16 were
15 who 16 were
16 were 17 otherwise
16 were 19 absent
18 almost 19 absent
19 absent 20 from
19 absent 25 making
20 from 23 decision
21 the 23 decision
22 political 23 decision
24 - 25 making
25 making 26 processes
25 making 27 .

these observations , not unique to belgium , should encourage colleagues to play a pivotal role in all spine [-] related discussions with healthcare providers , state or private , to get involved in teaching spinal surgery , [and] to participate in clinical and laboratory research leading to the publications that are essential to put forward the contribution of neurosurgeons in spinal surgery [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 encourage
1 these 2 observations
2 observations 5 unique
2 observations 9 should
3 , 4 not
3 , 5 unique
5 unique 6 to
5 unique 8 ,
6 to 7 belgium
9 should 10 encourage
10 encourage 11 colleagues
10 encourage 12 to
12 to 13 play
13 play 16 role
13 play 23 with
14 a 16 role
15 pivotal 16 role
16 role 17 in
17 in 22 discussions
18 all 22 discussions
19 spine 22 discussions
21 related 22 discussions
23 with 28 or
24 healthcare 25 providers
25 providers 26 ,
26 , 27 state
26 , 28 or
28 or 29 private
28 or 30 ,
28 or 31 to
28 or 32 get
28 or 40 to
31 to 32 get
32 get 33 involved
33 involved 34 in
34 in 35 teaching
35 teaching 37 surgery
36 spinal 37 surgery
38 , 40 to
40 to 41 participate
41 participate 42 in
41 participate 48 to
42 in 44 and
43 clinical 44 and
44 and 46 research
44 and 47 leading
45 laboratory 46 research
48 to 50 publications
49 the 50 publications
50 publications 51 that
50 publications 52 are
51 that 52 are
52 are 53 essential
53 essential 54 to
54 to 55 put
55 put 56 forward
55 put 58 contribution
57 the 58 contribution
58 contribution 59 of
59 of 60 neurosurgeons
60 neurosurgeons 61 in
61 in 63 surgery
62 spinal 63 surgery

anxiety is a major cause for distress among older people with dementia , and it impedes care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 anxiety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 anxiety 2 is
2 is 5 cause
3 a 4 major
3 a 5 cause
4 major 5 cause
5 cause 6 for
6 for 7 distress
7 distress 8 among
8 among 10 people
9 older 10 people
10 people 11 with
11 with 12 dementia
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 it
14 and 16 impedes
15 it 16 impedes
16 impedes 17 care

in order to develop interventions to treat anxiety and [identify] who might be most likely to benefit , mental health nurses need to understand what clinical and demographic factors are associated with anxiety in dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 5 interventions
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 develop
3 to 4 develop
5 interventions 6 to
5 interventions 12 might
6 to 9 and
7 treat 8 anxiety
8 anxiety 9 and
9 and 11 who
12 might 18 ,
13 be 14 most
13 be 15 likely
13 be 18 ,
15 likely 16 to
15 likely 17 benefit
16 to 17 benefit
18 , 24 understand
18 , 32 with
18 , 34 in
19 mental 20 health
20 health 21 nurses
21 nurses 22 need
22 need 23 to
23 to 24 understand
24 understand 25 what
24 understand 31 associated
25 what 27 and
25 what 30 are
25 what 31 associated
26 clinical 27 and
27 and 29 factors
27 and 30 are
28 demographic 29 factors
32 with 33 anxiety
34 in 35 dementia

this cross [-] sectional study is a detailed assessment of anxiety in people living in assisted - living facilities using the rating anxiety in dementia ( raid ) scale and the clinical anxiety scale ( cas ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 assisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 cross
2 cross 4 sectional
2 cross 5 study
2 cross 15 in
2 cross 16 assisted
5 study 6 is
6 is 9 assessment
7 a 9 assessment
8 detailed 9 assessment
9 assessment 10 of
10 of 11 anxiety
11 anxiety 12 in
11 anxiety 14 living
12 in 13 people
14 living 15 in
16 assisted 18 living
17 - 18 living
18 living 19 facilities
18 living 20 using
18 living 37 )
20 using 30 and
21 the 29 scale
22 rating 23 anxiety
23 anxiety 24 in
23 anxiety 27 raid
24 in 25 dementia
26 ( 27 raid
27 raid 28 )
27 raid 29 scale
29 scale 30 and
30 and 36 cas
31 the 36 cas
32 clinical 33 anxiety
33 anxiety 34 scale
34 scale 36 cas
35 ( 36 cas

one hundred and forty - eight people , with a mean age of 86.2 years , were recruited from 19 assisted - living facilities in the usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 recruited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 forty
4 forty 7 people
4 forty 17 were
5 - 7 people
6 eight 7 people
7 people 9 with
7 people 16 ,
8 , 9 with
9 with 12 age
9 with 16 ,
10 a 12 age
11 mean 12 age
12 age 13 of
13 of 15 years
14 86.2 15 years
17 were 18 recruited
18 recruited 19 from
18 recruited 21 assisted
19 from 20 19
22 - 24 facilities
23 living 24 facilities
24 facilities 25 in
25 in 27 usa
26 the 27 usa

prevalence rates for anxiety were 11 [%] and 18 % , as measured on the raid and cas , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 prevalence 2 rates
2 rates 3 for
2 rates 5 were
3 for 4 anxiety
5 were 10 %
5 were 20 respectively
6 11 8 and
8 and 9 18
8 and 10 %
10 % 13 measured
11 , 13 measured
12 as 13 measured
13 measured 14 on
13 measured 19 ,
14 on 18 cas
15 the 18 cas
16 raid 17 and
17 and 18 cas

one or more symptoms of anxiety [were] exhibited for 49 % ( raid ) and 48 [%] ( cas ) of participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 one 2 or
2 or 4 symptoms
2 or 5 of
3 more 4 symptoms
5 of 15 and
6 anxiety 8 exhibited
6 anxiety 15 and
8 exhibited 9 for
9 for 11 %
10 49 11 %
11 % 13 raid
12 ( 13 raid
13 raid 14 )
15 and 19 cas
15 and 21 of
16 48 19 cas
18 ( 19 cas
19 cas 20 )
21 of 22 participants

behavioural symptoms and the presence of depression strongly predicted anxiety , as did staff 's reaction to behavioural symptoms and their sense of competence to care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 predicted
1 behavioural 2 symptoms
2 symptoms 3 and
3 and 5 presence
3 and 6 of
3 and 9 predicted
4 the 5 presence
6 of 7 depression
8 strongly 9 predicted
9 predicted 10 anxiety
9 predicted 12 as
11 , 12 as
12 as 13 did
12 as 27 .
13 did 16 reaction
14 staff 15 's
15 's 16 reaction
16 reaction 17 to
16 reaction 23 of
17 to 20 and
18 behavioural 19 symptoms
19 symptoms 20 and
20 and 22 sense
21 their 22 sense
23 of 24 competence
24 competence 25 to
24 competence 26 care
25 to 26 care

these findings demonstrate that anxiety is prominent enough to warrant further investigation and treatment , and that anxiety in older people with dementia is closely associated with staff skill . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 5 anxiety
4 that 6 is
5 anxiety 6 is
6 is 7 prominent
7 prominent 8 enough
7 prominent 9 to
7 prominent 10 warrant
9 to 10 warrant
10 warrant 12 investigation
11 further 12 investigation
13 and 16 and
13 and 28 staff
14 treatment 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 that
16 and 18 anxiety
16 and 27 with
16 and 28 staff
18 anxiety 19 in
18 anxiety 22 with
18 anxiety 24 is
19 in 21 people
20 older 21 people
22 with 23 dementia
24 is 25 closely
24 is 26 associated
26 associated 27 with
28 staff 29 skill

this study has also identified areas for mental health nurses to target interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 has
3 has 5 identified
4 also 5 identified
5 identified 6 areas
5 identified 11 to
6 areas 7 for
7 for 10 nurses
8 mental 9 health
9 health 10 nurses
11 to 12 target
12 target 13 interventions

background/purpose : near - infrared ( nir ) spectroscopy and skin impedance ( imp ) measurements are useful techniques for objective diagnostics of various skin diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 16 measurements
2 : 17 are
3 near 10 and
3 near 16 measurements
4 - 10 and
5 infrared 7 nir
5 infrared 8 )
5 infrared 9 spectroscopy
6 ( 7 nir
7 nir 8 )
9 spectroscopy 10 and
10 and 12 impedance
10 and 14 imp
10 and 15 )
11 skin 12 impedance
13 ( 14 imp
14 imp 15 )
16 measurements 17 are
17 are 19 techniques
17 are 20 for
18 useful 19 techniques
20 for 22 diagnostics
21 objective 22 diagnostics
22 diagnostics 23 of
23 of 26 diseases
24 various 26 diseases
25 skin 26 diseases

here , we present a combined probe head for simultaneous , time - saving nir spectroscopy and skin impedance measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 present
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 present
4 present 8 head
5 a 8 head
6 combined 7 probe
7 probe 8 head
8 head 9 for
8 head 14 saving
9 for 12 time
10 simultaneous 11 ,
10 simultaneous 12 time
13 - 14 saving
14 saving 17 and
14 saving 21 .
15 nir 16 spectroscopy
16 spectroscopy 17 and
17 and 20 measurements
18 skin 20 measurements
19 impedance 20 measurements

the probe also ensures that both measurements are performed under equal conditions and at the same skin location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 probe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ensures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 probe
2 probe 4 ensures
3 also 4 ensures
4 ensures 5 that
5 that 7 measurements
5 that 9 performed
6 both 7 measurements
7 measurements 8 are
8 are 9 performed
9 performed 13 and
10 under 12 conditions
10 under 13 and
11 equal 12 conditions
13 and 14 at
14 at 18 location
15 the 16 same
16 same 18 location
17 skin 18 location

methods : finite element method simulations were performed for [evaluation] of the impedance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 3 finite
3 finite 6 simulations
3 finite 9 for
3 finite 11 of
4 element 6 simulations
5 method 6 simulations
6 simulations 7 were
7 were 8 performed
8 performed 9 for
11 of 13 impedance
12 the 13 impedance

in vivo skin measurements were performed and combined nir and impedance spectra were analysed by means of multivariate methods with respect to body location [,] age and gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 2 vivo
2 vivo 4 measurements
3 skin 4 measurements
4 measurements 5 were
5 were 6 performed
7 and 10 and
7 and 14 analysed
8 combined 9 nir
9 nir 10 and
10 and 12 spectra
10 and 13 were
11 impedance 12 spectra
13 were 14 analysed
14 analysed 15 by
14 analysed 20 with
14 analysed 22 to
15 by 16 means
16 means 17 of
17 of 19 methods
18 multivariate 19 methods
20 with 21 respect
22 to 27 and
23 body 26 age
24 location 26 age
26 age 27 and
27 and 28 gender

the classification rate was determined by a planar discriminant analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 rate
2 classification 3 rate
3 rate 4 was
4 was 5 determined
5 determined 6 by
6 by 10 analysis
7 a 8 planar
7 a 10 analysis
8 planar 10 analysis
9 discriminant 10 analysis

reproducibility was investigated by calculation of scatter values and statistical significance between overlapping groups was assessed by the calculation of [intra] - model distances , [q] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reproducibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 reproducibility 2 was
2 was 3 investigated
3 investigated 4 by
4 by 5 calculation
5 calculation 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 scatter 8 values
8 values 9 and
9 and 10 statistical
9 and 11 significance
9 and 20 of
9 and 24 distances
11 significance 12 between
11 significance 15 was
12 between 13 overlapping
13 overlapping 14 groups
15 was 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 by
17 by 19 calculation
18 the 19 calculation
19 calculation 20 of
22 - 24 distances
23 model 24 distances
24 distances 25 ,

results : the novel probe yielded rapid reproducible results and was easy to manage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 probe
2 : 10 and
2 : 15 .
3 the 5 probe
4 novel 5 probe
5 probe 10 and
6 yielded 9 results
6 yielded 10 and
7 rapid 9 results
8 reproducible 9 results
10 and 11 was
11 was 12 easy
12 easy 13 to
12 easy 14 manage
13 to 14 manage

significant differences between skin locations and to a lesser extent age groups and gender were demonstrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 significant 2 differences
2 differences 6 and
2 differences 16 demonstrated
3 between 5 locations
3 between 6 and
4 skin 5 locations
6 and 7 to
7 to 11 age
8 a 9 lesser
8 a 11 age
9 lesser 10 extent
10 extent 11 age
11 age 13 and
11 age 15 were
12 groups 13 and
13 and 14 gender
13 and 15 were

conclusion : with the novel probe , statistically significant differences between overlapping classes in score plots can be confirmed by calculating [intra] - model distances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 differences
2 : 19 confirmed
2 : 26 .
3 with 6 probe
3 with 7 ,
3 with 10 differences
4 the 6 probe
5 novel 6 probe
8 statistically 10 differences
9 significant 10 differences
10 differences 11 between
10 differences 17 can
11 between 12 overlapping
12 overlapping 13 classes
13 classes 14 in
14 in 16 plots
15 score 16 plots
17 can 18 be
18 be 19 confirmed
19 confirmed 20 by
20 by 25 distances
21 calculating 23 -
21 calculating 24 model
24 model 25 distances

the influence of molecular differences in the skin at different body locations is larger than the influence of gender or age and therefore relevant reference measurements are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 13 is
3 of 5 differences
4 molecular 5 differences
5 differences 6 in
6 in 8 skin
7 the 8 skin
8 skin 9 at
9 at 12 locations
10 different 11 body
11 body 12 locations
13 is 14 larger
14 larger 15 than
15 than 17 influence
15 than 18 of
16 the 17 influence
18 of 20 or
19 gender 20 or
20 or 21 age
22 and 23 therefore
22 and 26 measurements
22 and 28 discussed
24 relevant 25 reference
25 reference 26 measurements
26 measurements 27 are
27 are 28 discussed

none the relation between actn3 r577x [polymorphism] and muscle mass in women has been reported , but its relation to age remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 the 3 relation
2 the 14 been
2 the 15 reported
3 relation 4 between
3 relation 11 in
3 relation 13 has
4 between 8 and
5 actn3 6 r577x
6 r577x 8 and
8 and 10 mass
9 muscle 10 mass
11 in 12 women
13 has 14 been
15 reported 16 ,
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 relation
17 but 22 remains
18 its 19 relation
19 relation 20 to
19 relation 22 remains
20 to 21 age
22 remains 23 unclear

we investigated the relationship between actn3 r577x [polymorphism] and muscle mass in both middle - aged and elderly women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 4 relationship
2 investigated 5 between
3 the 4 relationship
5 between 6 actn3
6 actn3 9 and
6 actn3 14 middle
7 r577x 9 and
9 and 11 mass
9 and 12 in
9 and 14 middle
10 muscle 11 mass
12 in 13 both
15 - 19 women
15 - 20 .
16 aged 17 and
17 and 18 elderly
17 and 19 women

two age groups [(] middle - aged [and] [older] ) were formed among 162 healthy , nontraining japanese women ( mean ± se , 58.6 ± [0.8] year ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 two
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 formed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 two 3 groups
1 two 5 middle
1 two 11 were
2 age 3 groups
3 groups 5 middle
5 middle 7 aged
6 - 7 aged
7 aged 10 )
11 were 12 formed
12 formed 13 among
12 formed 15 healthy
13 among 14 162
15 healthy 17 nontraining
16 , 17 nontraining
17 nontraining 19 women
17 nontraining 29 )
18 japanese 19 women
19 women 23 se
19 women 28 year
20 ( 23 se
21 mean 23 se
22 ± 23 se
23 se 24 ,
24 , 28 year
25 58.6 28 year
26 ± 28 year
28 year 29 )

their midthigh - muscle cross - sectional area ( csa ) was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging , revealing no difference in thigh - muscle csa among actn3 r577x genotypes in the middle [-] aged group ( xx , 87.3 ± [2.5] [cm] ( 2 ) [;] rr&rx , 86.1 ± 1.7 [cm] ( 2 ) , p=0.7 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 their 5 cross
2 midthigh 3 -
2 midthigh 5 cross
4 muscle 5 cross
6 - 7 sectional
6 - 18 ,
7 sectional 12 was
7 sectional 14 using
8 area 10 csa
8 area 12 was
9 ( 10 csa
10 csa 11 )
12 was 13 assessed
14 using 17 imaging
15 magnetic 16 resonance
16 resonance 17 imaging
18 , 25 muscle
19 revealing 21 difference
19 revealing 24 -
19 revealing 25 muscle
20 no 21 difference
21 difference 22 in
22 in 23 thigh
25 muscle 26 csa
26 csa 27 among
26 csa 31 in
27 among 28 actn3
28 actn3 29 r577x
28 actn3 30 genotypes
29 r577x 30 genotypes
31 in 36 group
32 the 36 group
33 middle 35 aged
35 aged 36 group
36 group 38 xx
36 group 48 rr&rx
37 ( 38 xx
38 xx 39 ,
39 , 48 rr&rx
40 87.3 48 rr&rx
41 ± 45 2
41 ± 46 )
41 ± 48 rr&rx
44 ( 45 2
45 2 46 )
48 rr&rx 51 ±
48 rr&rx 60 .
49 , 51 ±
50 86.1 51 ±
51 ± 52 1.7
51 ± 55 2
51 ± 58 p=0.7
51 ± 60 .
54 ( 55 2
55 2 56 )
57 , 58 p=0.7
58 p=0.7 59 )

in contrast , [the] [xx] genotype in the older group [had] a smaller thigh - muscle csa adjusted to body weight than the rr&rx genotypes ( xx , 67.8 ± 2.0 [cm] ( 2 ) ; rr&rx , 72.5 ± 1.2 [cm] ( 2 ) , p<0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 genotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 genotype
6 genotype 7 in
6 genotype 14 thigh
7 in 10 group
8 the 10 group
9 older 10 group
12 a 14 thigh
13 smaller 14 thigh
14 thigh 16 muscle
15 - 16 muscle
16 muscle 17 csa
16 muscle 18 adjusted
16 muscle 27 xx
16 muscle 36 ;
17 csa 18 adjusted
18 adjusted 19 to
18 adjusted 22 than
19 to 21 weight
20 body 21 weight
22 than 24 rr&rx
22 than 25 genotypes
23 the 24 rr&rx
24 rr&rx 25 genotypes
26 ( 27 xx
27 xx 30 ±
27 xx 36 ;
28 , 30 ±
29 67.8 30 ±
30 ± 31 2.0
30 ± 34 2
30 ± 36 ;
33 ( 34 2
34 2 35 )
36 ; 39 72.5
36 ; 40 ±
37 rr&rx 38 ,
37 rr&rx 39 72.5
39 72.5 40 ±
40 ± 41 1.2
41 1.2 44 2
41 1.2 47 p<0.05
43 ( 44 2
44 2 45 )
46 , 47 p<0.05
47 p<0.05 48 )

the present study showed an association between actn3 r577x [polymorphism] and smaller thigh - muscle csa in a group of elderly women but not in a group of middle [-] aged women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 showed
4 showed 6 association
4 showed 11 and
4 showed 15 muscle
5 an 6 association
6 association 7 between
7 between 8 actn3
9 r577x 11 and
11 and 13 thigh
11 and 14 -
11 and 15 muscle
12 smaller 13 thigh
15 muscle 16 csa
15 muscle 23 but
17 in 22 women
17 in 23 but
18 a 19 group
19 group 20 of
19 group 22 women
20 of 22 women
21 elderly 22 women
23 but 24 not
23 but 25 in
25 in 32 women
26 a 27 group
27 group 28 of
27 group 32 women
28 of 32 women
29 middle 31 aged
31 aged 32 women

ischemic [stroke] causes the largest loss of qaly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ischemic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 ischemic 3 causes
3 causes 6 loss
4 the 5 largest
4 the 6 loss
6 loss 7 of
7 of 8 qaly

aging is the most important risk factor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 aging 2 is
2 is 7 factor
3 the 7 factor
4 most 5 important
5 important 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor

the majority of ischemic strokes can be prevented by managing the key risk factors : hypertension , smoking , abdominal obesity , diabetes , dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 :
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 5 strokes
3 of 5 strokes
4 ischemic 5 strokes
5 strokes 6 can
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 prevented
8 prevented 9 by
9 by 10 managing
10 managing 14 factors
11 the 14 factors
12 key 14 factors
13 risk 14 factors
15 : 16 hypertension
15 : 17 ,
15 : 29 .
17 , 26 and
18 smoking 19 ,
19 , 21 obesity
19 , 22 ,
20 abdominal 21 obesity
22 , 23 diabetes
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 dyslipidemia
24 , 26 and
26 and 28 fibrillation
27 atrial 28 fibrillation

effective treatment can significantly reduce disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 effective 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 can
3 can 5 reduce
4 significantly 5 reduce
5 reduce 6 disability

health system and hospital reforms have led to important [and] [on] - going legislative , structural and organizational changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 health 2 system
3 and 5 reforms
3 and 7 led
4 hospital 5 reforms
5 reforms 6 have
6 have 7 led
7 led 8 to
8 to 19 changes
9 important 12 -
9 important 19 changes
13 going 19 changes
14 legislative 15 ,
15 , 16 structural
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 organizational
17 and 19 changes

[is] there any logic at work within the health system and hospitals that could call into question the principle of solidarity , the secular values of ethics that govern the texts of law and ethics ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 question
2 there 11 and
3 any 4 logic
4 logic 5 at
4 logic 11 and
5 at 6 work
6 work 7 within
7 within 10 system
8 the 10 system
9 health 10 system
11 and 12 hospitals
11 and 13 that
11 and 16 into
11 and 17 question
13 that 14 could
14 could 15 call
15 call 16 into
17 question 19 principle
18 the 19 principle
19 principle 20 of
20 of 21 solidarity
21 solidarity 34 and
22 , 34 and
23 the 25 values
24 secular 25 values
25 values 26 of
25 values 32 of
25 values 34 and
26 of 27 ethics
27 ethics 28 that
27 ethics 29 govern
28 that 29 govern
29 govern 31 texts
30 the 31 texts
32 of 33 law
34 and 35 ethics
34 and 36 ?

in order to respond , we compared our experiences to a review of the professional and scientific literature from 1992 to 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 2 order
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 order 3 to
2 order 4 respond
3 to 4 respond
6 we 7 compared
7 compared 9 experiences
7 compared 10 to
8 our 9 experiences
10 to 12 review
11 a 12 review
12 review 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 the 15 professional
15 professional 16 and
16 and 18 literature
17 scientific 18 literature
18 literature 21 to
19 from 21 to
20 1992 21 to
21 to 22 2010

over the course of the past eighteen years , health system organization was subjected to variations and significant tensions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 organization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 subjected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 over 3 course
1 over 9 ,
1 over 12 organization
2 the 3 course
3 course 4 of
4 of 8 years
5 the 6 past
5 the 7 eighteen
7 eighteen 8 years
10 health 12 organization
11 system 12 organization
12 organization 13 was
13 was 14 subjected
14 subjected 15 to
15 to 17 and
16 variations 17 and
17 and 19 tensions
18 significant 19 tensions

these variations are witnesses to a paradigm shift : although a step towards the regionalization of the health system integrating the choice of public health priorities , consultation and participatory democracy has been implemented , nevertheless the system was then [re] - oriented towards the trend of returning to centralization on the basis of uniting economics , technical modernization and contracting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 these 2 variations
2 variations 3 are
3 are 4 witnesses
4 witnesses 5 to
5 to 8 shift
6 a 8 shift
7 paradigm 8 shift
9 : 22 choice
9 : 34 implemented
9 : 35 ,
9 : 57 ,
10 although 12 step
10 although 22 choice
11 a 12 step
12 step 13 towards
12 step 16 of
13 towards 15 regionalization
14 the 15 regionalization
16 of 20 integrating
17 the 20 integrating
18 health 19 system
19 system 20 integrating
21 the 22 choice
22 choice 23 of
22 choice 32 has
23 of 29 and
24 public 25 health
25 health 26 priorities
26 priorities 27 ,
27 , 28 consultation
27 , 29 and
29 and 31 democracy
30 participatory 31 democracy
32 has 33 been
33 been 34 implemented
35 , 38 system
35 , 39 was
36 nevertheless 38 system
37 the 38 system
38 system 39 was
39 was 40 then
39 was 43 oriented
42 - 43 oriented
43 oriented 44 towards
43 oriented 51 on
43 oriented 57 ,
44 towards 46 trend
45 the 46 trend
46 trend 47 of
46 trend 49 to
47 of 48 returning
49 to 50 centralization
51 on 53 basis
52 the 53 basis
53 basis 54 of
54 of 55 uniting
55 uniting 56 economics
57 , 60 and
58 technical 59 modernization
59 modernization 60 and
60 and 61 contracting

this change of doctrine may undermine the social mission of hospitals and the principle of solidarity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 undermine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 this 2 change
2 change 3 of
2 change 5 may
3 of 4 doctrine
5 may 6 undermine
6 undermine 9 mission
7 the 9 mission
8 social 9 mission
9 mission 10 of
10 of 12 and
11 hospitals 12 and
12 and 14 principle
12 and 15 of
13 the 14 principle
15 of 16 solidarity

progress , the aging population and financial constraints would force policy [-] makers to steer the health system towards more centralized control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 force
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 progress 2 ,
2 , 5 population
2 , 6 and
3 the 5 population
4 aging 5 population
6 and 8 constraints
6 and 9 would
7 financial 8 constraints
9 would 10 force
10 force 13 makers
10 force 14 to
10 force 15 steer
10 force 19 towards
11 policy 13 makers
14 to 15 steer
15 steer 18 system
16 the 18 system
17 health 18 system
19 towards 22 control
20 more 22 control
21 centralized 22 control

hospitals , health professionals and users may feel torn within a system that tends to simplify and minimize what is [becoming] increasingly complex and global . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hospitals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 , 4 professionals
2 , 5 and
3 health 4 professionals
5 and 6 users
5 and 17 and
6 users 7 may
7 may 17 and
8 feel 9 torn
8 feel 17 and
9 torn 10 within
10 within 12 system
11 a 12 system
12 system 13 that
12 system 16 simplify
13 that 14 tends
14 tends 15 to
14 tends 16 simplify
15 to 16 simplify
17 and 18 minimize
18 minimize 19 what
19 what 20 is
20 is 22 increasingly
20 is 24 and
23 complex 24 and
24 and 25 global

benchmarks on values , ethics and law for the hospitals , healthcare professionals and users are questioned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 questioned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 benchmarks 2 on
1 benchmarks 4 ,
2 on 3 values
4 , 5 ethics
4 , 6 and
6 and 7 law
6 and 8 for
6 and 16 are
8 for 14 and
9 the 10 hospitals
10 hospitals 11 ,
11 , 13 professionals
11 , 14 and
12 healthcare 13 professionals
14 and 15 users
16 are 17 questioned

these are important elements to consider when the law on the reform of hospitals , patients , health care and territories and regional health agencies is implemented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 these 2 are
2 are 4 elements
3 important 4 elements
4 elements 5 to
4 elements 6 consider
5 to 6 consider
6 consider 7 when
7 when 9 law
7 when 27 implemented
8 the 9 law
9 law 10 on
9 law 13 of
9 law 26 is
10 on 12 reform
11 the 12 reform
13 of 22 and
14 hospitals 15 ,
15 , 16 patients
15 , 17 ,
17 , 19 care
17 , 20 and
18 health 19 care
20 and 21 territories
20 and 22 and
22 and 25 agencies
23 regional 24 health
24 health 25 agencies
26 is 27 implemented

secondary spontaneous pneumothorax ( ssp [ )(such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( lam ) , bronchiolitis obliterans ( bo ) is intractable or repeated the recurrence of pneumothorax . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pneumothorax
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 secondary 3 pneumothorax
2 spontaneous 3 pneumothorax
3 pneumothorax 5 ssp
3 pneumothorax 15 obliterans
3 pneumothorax 21 or
4 ( 5 ssp
5 ssp 8 as
5 ssp 13 ,
7 )(such 8 as
8 as 9 lymphangioleiomyomatosis
9 lymphangioleiomyomatosis 11 lam
10 ( 11 lam
11 lam 12 )
13 , 15 obliterans
14 bronchiolitis 15 obliterans
15 obliterans 17 bo
15 obliterans 18 )
16 ( 17 bo
17 bo 18 )
19 is 20 intractable
19 is 21 or
21 or 22 repeated
21 or 24 recurrence
23 the 24 recurrence
24 recurrence 25 of
25 of 26 pneumothorax

the most effective chemical [pleurodesis] for intractable pneumothorax is talc poudrage and so on that is associated with a reduction in the rate of pneumothorax recurrence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 chemical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 4 chemical
2 most 3 effective
3 effective 4 chemical
4 chemical 6 for
4 chemical 9 is
6 for 8 pneumothorax
7 intractable 8 pneumothorax
9 is 11 poudrage
10 talc 11 poudrage
12 and 14 on
12 and 17 associated
13 so 14 on
14 on 17 associated
15 that 16 is
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 reduction
18 with 21 in
19 a 20 reduction
21 in 23 rate
22 the 23 rate
23 rate 24 of
24 of 26 recurrence
25 pneumothorax 26 recurrence

however , severe and broad pleural adhesion due to the pleural interventional procedures sometimes cause serious bleeding when the patients undergo lung transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 cause
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 and
3 severe 4 and
4 and 7 adhesion
4 and 9 to
4 and 15 cause
5 broad 7 adhesion
6 pleural 7 adhesion
8 due 9 to
9 to 13 procedures
10 the 13 procedures
11 pleural 13 procedures
12 interventional 13 procedures
14 sometimes 15 cause
15 cause 17 bleeding
16 serious 17 bleeding
17 bleeding 18 when
18 when 20 patients
18 when 21 undergo
19 the 20 patients
20 patients 21 undergo
21 undergo 23 transplantation
22 lung 23 transplantation

we must be considered for new approaches to these intractable secondary pneumothoraces which replaced traditional conservative and surgical approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 we 2 must
2 must 3 be
3 be 4 considered
4 considered 5 for
4 considered 8 to
5 for 7 approaches
6 new 7 approaches
8 to 12 pneumothoraces
9 these 12 pneumothoraces
10 intractable 12 pneumothoraces
11 secondary 12 pneumothoraces
12 pneumothoraces 13 which
12 pneumothoraces 14 replaced
13 which 14 replaced
14 replaced 19 approaches
15 traditional 19 approaches
16 conservative 17 and
17 and 18 surgical
17 and 19 approaches

we had proposed new 2 approaches of total pleural covering ( tpc ) and awake surgical intervention ( asi ) for intractable pneumothorax . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 14 and
2 had 3 proposed
2 had 14 and
3 proposed 6 approaches
4 new 6 approaches
5 2 6 approaches
6 approaches 7 of
7 of 10 covering
8 total 10 covering
9 pleural 10 covering
10 covering 12 tpc
11 ( 12 tpc
12 tpc 13 )
14 and 15 awake
15 awake 17 intervention
15 awake 21 for
16 surgical 17 intervention
17 intervention 19 asi
18 ( 19 asi
19 asi 20 )
21 for 23 pneumothorax
22 intractable 23 pneumothorax

we applied the tpc modified with coverage of air leak points with polyglycolic acid ( pga ) sheet to 5 patients with intractable bilateral pneumothorax to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding by chemical pleurodesis in lung transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 4 tpc
2 applied 6 with
2 applied 12 with
2 applied 26 to
3 the 4 tpc
4 tpc 5 modified
6 with 7 coverage
7 coverage 8 of
8 of 11 points
9 air 10 leak
10 leak 11 points
12 with 18 sheet
12 with 19 to
13 polyglycolic 18 sheet
14 acid 16 pga
14 acid 17 )
14 acid 18 sheet
15 ( 16 pga
16 pga 17 )
19 to 21 patients
20 5 21 patients
21 patients 22 with
22 with 25 pneumothorax
23 intractable 25 pneumothorax
24 bilateral 25 pneumothorax
26 to 27 reduce
27 reduce 29 risk
28 the 29 risk
29 risk 30 of
30 of 32 bleeding
31 excessive 32 bleeding
32 bleeding 33 by
32 bleeding 36 in
33 by 35 pleurodesis
34 chemical 35 pleurodesis
36 in 38 transplantation
37 lung 38 transplantation

the bilateral pneumothorax was well controlled , and no recurrence has been observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pneumothorax
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 3 pneumothorax
2 bilateral 3 pneumothorax
3 pneumothorax 4 was
4 was 5 well
5 well 6 controlled
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 recurrence
8 and 13 observed
9 no 10 recurrence
10 recurrence 11 has
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 observed

tpc is reliable procedure for management intractable bilateral ssp . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 tpc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 tpc 2 is
2 is 4 procedure
3 reliable 4 procedure
4 procedure 5 for
5 for 9 ssp
6 management 9 ssp
7 intractable 9 ssp
8 bilateral 9 ssp

for 12 high - risk patients with other underling pulmonary diseases on general poor conditions , a surgical intervention was performed in [awake] condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 intervention
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 for 6 patients
1 for 16 ,
1 for 19 intervention
2 12 6 patients
3 high 4 -
3 high 6 patients
5 risk 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 11 diseases
8 other 11 diseases
9 underling 11 diseases
10 pulmonary 11 diseases
11 diseases 12 on
12 on 15 conditions
13 general 15 conditions
14 poor 15 conditions
17 a 18 surgical
17 a 19 intervention
18 surgical 19 intervention
19 intervention 20 was
20 was 21 performed
21 performed 22 in
22 in 24 condition

the air leaks were stopped in 11 cases except for 1 case . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 stopped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 leaks
2 air 3 leaks
3 leaks 4 were
4 were 5 stopped
5 stopped 6 in
5 stopped 9 except
6 in 8 cases
7 11 8 cases
9 except 10 for
10 for 12 case
11 1 12 case

the recurrence of pneumothorax after surgery was 2 cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 recurrence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 recurrence
2 recurrence 3 of
2 recurrence 7 was
3 of 4 pneumothorax
4 pneumothorax 5 after
5 after 6 surgery
7 was 9 cases
8 2 9 cases

asi for intractable secondary pneumothorax can be applicable to selected patients with [deteriorated] general condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 asi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 asi 2 for
1 asi 6 can
2 for 5 pneumothorax
3 intractable 5 pneumothorax
4 secondary 5 pneumothorax
6 can 7 be
7 be 8 applicable
8 applicable 9 to
8 applicable 12 with
9 to 11 patients
10 selected 11 patients
12 with 15 condition
14 general 15 condition

objective : to identify neuropsychological predictors of transition from healthy cognitive aging to mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) or any mild cognitive disorder ( any - mcd ) in a community - based longitudinal study of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 identify
2 : 33 -
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 20 or
4 identify 30 in
5 neuropsychological 6 predictors
6 predictors 7 of
6 predictors 20 or
7 of 8 transition
8 transition 9 from
9 from 12 aging
10 healthy 12 aging
11 cognitive 12 aging
12 aging 13 to
13 to 16 impairment
14 mild 16 impairment
15 cognitive 16 impairment
16 impairment 18 mci
17 ( 18 mci
18 mci 19 )
20 or 24 disorder
20 or 26 any
21 any 24 disorder
22 mild 24 disorder
23 cognitive 24 disorder
25 ( 26 any
26 any 28 mcd
26 any 29 )
27 - 28 mcd
28 mcd 29 )
30 in 32 community
31 a 32 community
33 - 36 study
34 based 36 study
35 longitudinal 36 study
36 study 37 of
37 of 38 aging

design : longitudinal participants : two thousand eighty - two individuals , aged 60 – 64 years and participating in a prospective epidemiologic study of mental health , and aging were assessed at two time points 4 years apart for mci using the international consensus criteria , the clinical dementia rating scale ( cdr , 0.5 ) , or any of a suite of criteria sets for mcds ( any - mcd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 74 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 participants
3 longitudinal 4 participants
5 : 8 eighty
5 : 13 aged
5 : 15 –
5 : 36 points
5 : 59 or
6 two 7 thousand
7 thousand 8 eighty
8 eighty 11 individuals
8 eighty 13 aged
9 - 11 individuals
10 two 11 individuals
11 individuals 12 ,
13 aged 14 60
15 – 18 and
15 – 29 and
16 64 17 years
17 years 18 and
18 and 19 participating
18 and 20 in
18 and 25 of
20 in 24 study
21 a 24 study
22 prospective 24 study
23 epidemiologic 24 study
25 of 27 health
26 mental 27 health
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 aging
29 and 32 assessed
30 aging 31 were
31 were 32 assessed
32 assessed 33 at
33 at 34 two
34 two 35 time
34 two 36 points
35 time 36 points
36 points 39 apart
36 points 40 for
36 points 42 using
37 4 38 years
38 years 39 apart
40 for 41 mci
42 using 46 criteria
43 the 46 criteria
44 international 45 consensus
45 consensus 46 criteria
46 criteria 52 scale
47 , 52 scale
48 the 52 scale
49 clinical 50 dementia
50 dementia 52 scale
51 rating 52 scale
52 scale 54 cdr
52 scale 58 ,
53 ( 54 cdr
54 cdr 56 0.5
54 cdr 58 ,
55 , 56 0.5
56 0.5 57 )
59 or 60 any
59 or 66 sets
60 any 61 of
60 any 64 of
60 any 66 sets
61 of 63 suite
62 a 63 suite
64 of 65 criteria
66 sets 67 for
66 sets 71 -
67 for 68 mcds
69 ( 71 -
70 any 71 -
71 - 72 mcd
71 - 73 )

measurements : logistic regression was used to assess the neuropsychological predictors of conversion to diagnosis including the mini - mental state examination , immediate and delayed recall ( ir and dr ) , digit backward , spot - the [-] word ( stw ) , symbol digits modalities test ( sdmt ) , simple and choice reaction time , and reaction time variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
2 : 4 regression
2 : 8 assess
2 : 19 -
3 logistic 4 regression
4 regression 5 was
5 was 6 used
6 used 7 to
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 predictors
9 the 11 predictors
10 neuropsychological 11 predictors
11 predictors 12 of
11 predictors 14 to
12 of 13 conversion
14 to 15 diagnosis
15 diagnosis 16 including
16 including 18 mini
17 the 18 mini
19 - 22 examination
19 - 23 ,
20 mental 21 state
21 state 22 examination
23 , 60 and
23 , 62 time
24 immediate 25 and
25 and 27 recall
25 and 31 dr
25 and 33 ,
26 delayed 27 recall
28 ( 31 dr
29 ir 30 and
30 and 31 dr
31 dr 32 )
33 , 35 backward
33 , 36 ,
34 digit 35 backward
36 , 37 spot
36 , 53 ,
37 spot 41 word
38 - 41 word
39 the 41 word
41 word 43 stw
41 word 51 sdmt
41 word 52 )
42 ( 43 stw
43 stw 44 )
45 , 51 sdmt
46 symbol 47 digits
47 digits 48 modalities
48 modalities 49 test
49 test 51 sdmt
50 ( 51 sdmt
51 sdmt 52 )
53 , 54 simple
53 , 55 and
55 and 58 time
55 and 60 and
56 choice 58 time
57 reaction 58 time
59 , 60 and
60 and 61 reaction
60 and 62 time
62 time 63 variability

results : of the 2,082 participants with no cognitive impairment in the first wave of data [collection] , 18 participants were diagnosed with mci , 32 with cdr 0.5 , and 64 participants presented with any - mcd 4 years later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 of
3 of 6 participants
4 the 5 2,082
5 2,082 6 participants
6 participants 7 with
6 participants 15 of
7 with 10 impairment
8 no 10 impairment
9 cognitive 10 impairment
10 impairment 11 in
11 in 14 wave
12 the 13 first
12 the 14 wave
15 of 16 data
18 , 20 participants
18 , 22 diagnosed
19 18 20 participants
20 participants 21 were
21 were 22 diagnosed
22 diagnosed 23 with
22 diagnosed 41 later
23 with 24 mci
23 with 38 mcd
24 mci 26 32
25 , 26 32
26 32 27 with
26 32 34 presented
26 32 35 with
26 32 37 -
27 with 31 and
28 cdr 29 0.5
28 cdr 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 33 participants
32 64 33 participants
35 with 36 any
39 4 40 years
40 years 41 later

the main neuropsychological predictors of conversion identified in multivariate analyses were measures of ir/dr , stw , symbol digit modalities task , and reaction time variability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 main
1 the 4 predictors
3 neuropsychological 4 predictors
4 predictors 5 of
4 predictors 11 were
5 of 6 conversion
6 conversion 7 identified
7 identified 8 in
8 in 10 analyses
9 multivariate 10 analyses
11 were 12 measures
12 measures 13 of
13 of 14 ir/dr
14 ir/dr 16 stw
15 , 16 stw
16 stw 17 ,
17 , 23 and
17 , 25 time
18 symbol 19 digit
19 digit 20 modalities
20 modalities 21 task
21 task 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 reaction
23 and 25 time
25 time 26 variability

conclusions : although most measures were significant predictors of conversion to mci or any - mcd [when] assessed independently , four tests ( ir/dr , stw , sdmt , and simple reaction time variability ) accounted for the explained variance in diagnosis when all tests were assessed together . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 although
3 although 5 measures
4 most 5 measures
5 measures 6 were
6 were 13 or
7 significant 8 predictors
8 predictors 9 of
8 predictors 13 or
9 of 10 conversion
10 conversion 11 to
11 to 12 mci
13 or 14 any
13 or 15 -
15 - 16 mcd
15 - 18 assessed
15 - 37 for
16 mcd 18 assessed
18 assessed 22 tests
18 assessed 37 for
19 independently 20 ,
19 independently 22 tests
21 four 22 tests
22 tests 24 ir/dr
22 tests 26 stw
22 tests 37 for
23 ( 24 ir/dr
24 ir/dr 25 ,
25 , 26 stw
26 stw 30 and
26 stw 35 )
27 , 30 and
28 sdmt 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 34 variability
30 and 35 )
31 simple 34 variability
32 reaction 34 variability
33 time 34 variability
36 accounted 37 for
37 for 40 variance
38 the 40 variance
39 explained 40 variance
40 variance 41 in
40 variance 43 when
40 variance 47 assessed
41 in 42 diagnosis
43 when 45 tests
43 when 46 were
44 all 45 tests
45 tests 46 were
47 assessed 48 together

when predictive value , stability across clinical categories , and psychometric characteristics were considered together , the reaction time variability measure was the best predictor of future cognitive disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 measure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 when 10 and
1 when 14 considered
1 when 21 measure
2 predictive 3 value
3 value 4 ,
4 , 5 stability
4 , 10 and
5 stability 6 across
6 across 8 categories
7 clinical 8 categories
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 characteristics
10 and 13 were
11 psychometric 12 characteristics
13 were 14 considered
15 together 16 ,
15 together 21 measure
17 the 21 measure
18 reaction 21 measure
19 time 21 measure
20 variability 21 measure
21 measure 22 was
22 was 25 predictor
23 the 24 best
23 the 25 predictor
25 predictor 26 of
26 of 29 disorder
27 future 29 disorder
28 cognitive 29 disorder

the authors analyze the effect of participation in short - term training measures on older german recipients of means - tested unemployment benefits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 analyze
3 analyze 5 effect
3 analyze 8 in
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 7 participation
8 in 23 benefits
9 short 13 measures
9 short 22 unemployment
10 - 13 measures
11 term 13 measures
12 training 13 measures
13 measures 14 on
13 measures 20 -
14 on 17 recipients
15 older 16 german
16 german 17 recipients
17 recipients 18 of
18 of 19 means
21 tested 22 unemployment
22 unemployment 23 benefits

their analysis uses administrative data of the german federal employment agency , and they estimate the effects of participating in two types of short - term training -- classroom and in [-] firm training -- on different outcomes of the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 uses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 their 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 uses
3 uses 5 data
4 administrative 5 data
5 data 6 of
6 of 11 agency
7 the 11 agency
8 german 9 federal
9 federal 10 employment
10 employment 11 agency
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 they
13 and 15 estimate
14 they 15 estimate
15 estimate 17 effects
16 the 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
17 effects 30 and
18 of 19 participating
20 in 23 of
20 in 30 and
21 two 23 of
22 types 23 of
23 of 29 classroom
24 short 27 training
24 short 29 classroom
25 - 27 training
26 term 27 training
27 training 28 --
30 and 31 in
31 in 34 training
33 firm 34 training
34 training 36 on
35 -- 36 on
36 on 38 outcomes
36 on 42 .
37 different 38 outcomes
38 outcomes 39 of
39 of 41 participants
40 the 41 participants

results show that classroom training is not effective [in] making participants independent [of] benefit receipt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 receipt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 3 that
3 that 5 training
3 that 6 is
4 classroom 5 training
5 training 6 is
6 is 7 not
7 not 8 effective
8 effective 15 receipt
10 making 15 receipt
11 participants 15 receipt
12 independent 14 benefit
14 benefit 15 receipt

it has a moderately positive effect on employment outcomes , which are [highest] for west german men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 6 effect
2 has 7 on
3 a 4 moderately
3 a 6 effect
4 moderately 5 positive
5 positive 6 effect
7 on 9 outcomes
8 employment 9 outcomes
10 , 11 which
10 , 12 are
11 which 12 are
12 are 14 for
14 for 17 men
15 west 16 german
16 german 17 men

in contrast , [in] - firm training significantly raises the participants ' likelihood of finding regular jobs and [of] being independent of unemployment benefit receipt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 contrast
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 contrast
3 , 5 -
3 , 9 raises
5 - 7 training
6 firm 7 training
7 training 9 raises
8 significantly 9 raises
9 raises 25 receipt
10 the 11 participants
11 participants 12 '
12 ' 25 receipt
13 likelihood 14 of
13 likelihood 18 and
14 of 15 finding
15 finding 17 jobs
16 regular 17 jobs
18 and 21 independent
18 and 22 of
18 and 24 benefit
20 being 21 independent
22 of 23 unemployment
24 benefit 25 receipt

title v of the older americans act , the senior community service employment program ( scsep ) , is a 40+ - year - old federal program providing subsidized community service and employment training to low - income , unemployed individuals aged 55 and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 title
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 title 2 v
1 title 3 of
1 title 19 is
3 of 7 act
4 the 6 americans
5 older 6 americans
6 americans 7 act
7 act 16 scsep
8 , 16 scsep
9 the 16 scsep
10 senior 11 community
11 community 12 service
12 service 13 employment
13 employment 14 program
14 program 16 scsep
15 ( 16 scsep
16 scsep 17 )
16 scsep 18 ,
19 is 23 year
19 is 44 and
20 a 23 year
21 40+ 22 -
21 40+ 23 year
23 year 34 training
24 - 34 training
25 old 30 community
26 federal 30 community
27 program 29 subsidized
28 providing 29 subsidized
29 subsidized 30 community
30 community 34 training
31 service 32 and
32 and 33 employment
32 and 34 training
34 training 35 to
34 training 36 low
34 training 38 income
34 training 39 ,
35 to 36 low
37 - 38 income
38 income 39 ,
40 unemployed 41 individuals
41 individuals 42 aged
41 individuals 44 and
42 aged 43 55
44 and 45 older

it is the only nationally mandated workforce training program for seniors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 9 program
3 the 4 only
3 the 9 program
5 nationally 6 mandated
6 mandated 7 workforce
7 workforce 9 program
8 training 9 program
9 program 10 for
10 for 11 seniors

because of scsep 's dual mission , participants added 48 million hours of community service ( valued at almost $ 1 billion ) to the u.s [.] economy in 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 added
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 7 ,
1 because 8 participants
2 of 6 mission
3 scsep 4 's
4 's 6 mission
5 dual 6 mission
8 participants 9 added
9 added 12 hours
9 added 24 to
9 added 29 in
10 48 11 million
11 million 12 hours
12 hours 13 of
13 of 15 service
14 community 15 service
15 service 17 valued
16 ( 17 valued
17 valued 18 at
17 valued 23 )
18 at 20 $
19 almost 20 $
20 $ 22 billion
21 1 22 billion
24 to 28 economy
25 the 28 economy
26 u.s 28 economy
29 in 30 2008

almost [half] [(] 48.9 % [ )(of the participants are racial or ethnic minorities , which makes it crucial to understand the program experience of these individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 almost 4 48.9
4 48.9 5 %
5 % 7 )(of
5 % 10 are
7 )(of 9 participants
8 the 9 participants
10 are 14 minorities
11 racial 12 or
12 or 13 ethnic
12 or 14 minorities
15 , 16 which
15 , 21 understand
16 which 17 makes
17 makes 18 it
17 makes 19 crucial
19 crucial 20 to
19 crucial 21 understand
20 to 21 understand
21 understand 24 experience
22 the 24 experience
23 program 24 experience
24 experience 25 of
25 of 27 individuals
26 these 27 individuals

participation , program duration , and employment placement of minorities are examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 participation 2 ,
2 , 4 duration
2 , 6 and
3 program 4 duration
5 , 6 and
6 and 8 placement
6 and 9 of
6 and 11 are
7 employment 8 placement
9 of 10 minorities
11 are 12 examined

findings show successful enrollment rates , an interactive effect of age and education on program duration , and no indication of a minority disadvantage in employment placement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 findings 2 show
2 show 5 rates
3 successful 4 enrollment
4 enrollment 5 rates
6 , 12 and
7 an 8 interactive
7 an 9 effect
8 interactive 9 effect
9 effect 10 of
9 effect 12 and
10 of 11 age
12 and 13 education
12 and 14 on
12 and 21 of
14 on 18 and
15 program 16 duration
16 duration 18 and
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 indication
19 no 20 indication
21 of 24 disadvantage
22 a 24 disadvantage
23 minority 24 disadvantage
24 disadvantage 25 in
25 in 27 placement
26 employment 27 placement

recommendations include funding for innovative grants , leveraging of federal partnerships , and targeted technical assistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 recommendations 2 include
2 include 3 funding
3 funding 4 for
4 for 13 and
5 innovative 6 grants
6 grants 7 ,
7 , 8 leveraging
7 , 13 and
8 leveraging 9 of
9 of 11 partnerships
10 federal 11 partnerships
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 assistance
14 targeted 16 assistance
15 technical 16 assistance

the study examined employers ' knowledge of [and] attitudes toward working carers who care for aging family members . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 6 knowledge
3 examined 10 toward
4 employers 5 '
5 ' 6 knowledge
6 knowledge 7 of
7 of 9 attitudes
10 toward 11 working
11 working 12 carers
11 working 15 for
12 carers 13 who
12 carers 14 care
13 who 14 care
15 for 16 aging
16 aging 18 members
17 family 18 members

the study was based on the ecological model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 based
4 based 5 on
5 on 8 model
6 the 8 model
7 ecological 8 model

one hundred employers were interviewed using structured questionnaires and 13 employers by additional [in] - depth interviews . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 employers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 employers
3 employers 4 were
4 were 5 interviewed
5 interviewed 6 using
6 using 9 and
6 using 12 by
7 structured 8 questionnaires
8 questionnaires 9 and
9 and 11 employers
10 13 11 employers
12 by 17 interviews
13 additional 15 -
13 additional 16 depth
16 depth 17 interviews

both research instruments included areas of disruption to the organization , existing policies , and feasibility as to developing appropriate policies to support working carers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 instruments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 both 3 instruments
2 research 3 instruments
3 instruments 4 included
4 included 5 areas
5 areas 6 of
6 of 7 disruption
7 disruption 8 to
8 to 10 organization
9 the 10 organization
11 , 15 and
11 , 20 appropriate
12 existing 13 policies
13 policies 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 feasibility
15 and 17 as
15 and 20 appropriate
17 as 18 to
18 to 19 developing
20 appropriate 21 policies
20 appropriate 22 to
22 to 25 carers
23 support 24 working
24 working 25 carers

results show that caregiving caused a disruption in workers ' functioning mainly by being absent , leaving work early , and coming to work late . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 show
2 show 4 caregiving
2 show 21 and
3 that 4 caregiving
4 caregiving 21 and
5 caused 7 disruption
5 caused 21 and
6 a 7 disruption
7 disruption 8 in
7 disruption 11 functioning
8 in 10 '
9 workers 10 '
11 functioning 12 mainly
11 functioning 17 leaving
12 mainly 13 by
13 by 14 being
14 being 15 absent
16 , 17 leaving
17 leaving 18 work
17 leaving 19 early
17 leaving 20 ,
21 and 22 coming
21 and 23 to
21 and 25 late
23 to 24 work

usually , there was " no policy , " and half of the employers did [not] support introducing such a policy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 usually 2 ,
1 usually 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 5 "
4 was 7 policy
6 no 7 policy
8 , 9 "
8 , 10 and
10 and 11 half
10 and 15 did
11 half 12 of
11 half 15 did
12 of 14 employers
13 the 14 employers
15 did 17 support
17 support 18 introducing
18 introducing 21 policy
19 such 20 a
20 a 21 policy

women managers in public organizations , who had less seniority and less previous experience with working - carers , tended to be more positive about supportive policies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 managers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 tended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 women 2 managers
2 managers 3 in
2 managers 20 tended
3 in 5 organizations
4 public 5 organizations
5 organizations 7 who
5 organizations 18 carers
6 , 7 who
7 who 8 had
7 who 17 -
8 had 11 and
8 had 15 with
9 less 11 and
10 seniority 11 and
11 and 14 experience
12 less 14 experience
13 previous 14 experience
15 with 16 working
17 - 18 carers
18 carers 19 ,
20 tended 21 to
20 tended 22 be
21 to 22 be
22 be 23 more
22 be 24 positive
24 positive 25 about
25 about 27 policies
26 supportive 27 policies

recommendations are included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 recommendations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 recommendations 2 are
2 are 3 included

this article addresses possible changes in dutch employers ' behavior regarding the recruitment and retention of older workers during the last decade . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 addresses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 addresses
3 addresses 5 changes
3 addresses 6 in
3 addresses 19 during
4 possible 5 changes
6 in 14 and
7 dutch 8 employers
8 employers 9 '
9 ' 10 behavior
10 behavior 11 regarding
10 behavior 14 and
11 regarding 13 recruitment
12 the 13 recruitment
14 and 15 retention
14 and 16 of
16 of 18 workers
17 older 18 workers
19 during 22 decade
20 the 21 last
20 the 22 decade

the authors analyze surveys administered to dutch employers in 2000 , 2002 , 2005 , 2008 , [and] 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 analyze
3 analyze 4 surveys
4 surveys 5 administered
5 administered 6 to
5 administered 9 in
6 to 8 employers
7 dutch 8 employers
9 in 10 2000
11 , 12 2002
11 , 13 ,
13 , 14 2005
13 , 15 ,
15 , 16 2008
15 , 17 ,
17 , 19 2009

the results show that efforts to recruit older workers are changing , congruous with the economic climate , while retention behavior shows a clear and rather gradual time effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 efforts
4 that 11 changing
5 efforts 6 to
5 efforts 7 recruit
5 efforts 10 are
6 to 7 recruit
7 recruit 9 workers
8 older 9 workers
10 are 11 changing
11 changing 12 ,
12 , 21 behavior
12 , 22 shows
13 congruous 14 with
13 congruous 18 ,
13 congruous 21 behavior
14 with 17 climate
15 the 17 climate
16 economic 17 climate
19 while 20 retention
19 while 21 behavior
21 behavior 22 shows
22 shows 28 time
22 shows 29 effect
23 a 28 time
24 clear 25 and
25 and 27 gradual
25 and 28 time
26 rather 27 gradual

the authors conclude that the position of older workers has improved between 2000 and 2008 and has done so in comparison with other underrepresented groups in the labor market . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 conclude
3 conclude 4 that
4 that 6 position
4 that 16 and
5 the 6 position
6 position 7 of
6 position 16 and
7 of 9 workers
8 older 9 workers
10 has 11 improved
10 has 16 and
11 improved 12 between
12 between 14 and
13 2000 14 and
14 and 15 2008
16 and 17 has
16 and 26 in
17 has 18 done
18 done 19 so
18 done 20 in
18 done 22 with
20 in 21 comparison
22 with 25 groups
23 other 25 groups
24 underrepresented 25 groups
26 in 29 market
27 the 29 market
28 labor 29 market

during the recession [,] recruitment of older workers declined substantially , while efforts to retain older workers are in both absolute and relative terms higher than in 2000 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 workers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 during 5 recruitment
1 during 11 ,
1 during 17 workers
2 the 5 recruitment
3 recession 5 recruitment
5 recruitment 6 of
6 of 8 workers
7 older 8 workers
8 workers 9 declined
9 declined 10 substantially
12 while 13 efforts
12 while 17 workers
13 efforts 14 to
13 efforts 15 retain
14 to 15 retain
16 older 17 workers
17 workers 18 are
18 are 19 in
19 in 24 terms
20 both 24 terms
21 absolute 22 and
22 and 23 relative
22 and 24 terms
24 terms 25 higher
24 terms 27 in
25 higher 26 than
27 in 28 2000

with respect to organizational policies , the authors conclude that throughout the period under observation these policies are dominated by measures that " spare " older workers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 with 2 respect
1 with 6 ,
1 with 8 authors
2 respect 3 to
3 to 5 policies
4 organizational 5 policies
7 the 8 authors
8 authors 9 conclude
9 conclude 10 that
10 that 17 policies
10 that 19 dominated
11 throughout 13 period
11 throughout 17 policies
12 the 13 period
13 period 14 under
14 under 15 observation
16 these 17 policies
17 policies 18 are
18 are 19 dominated
19 dominated 20 by
20 by 21 measures
21 measures 22 that
21 measures 24 spare
22 that 23 "
22 that 24 spare
24 spare 25 "
24 spare 27 workers
26 older 27 workers

even in the midst of massive layoffs that come with an economic downturn , employers must remain aware of the pending impact of their aging workforce . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 employers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 remain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 even 2 in
1 even 14 ,
1 even 15 employers
2 in 4 midst
3 the 4 midst
4 midst 5 of
5 of 7 layoffs
6 massive 7 layoffs
7 layoffs 8 that
7 layoffs 9 come
8 that 9 come
9 come 10 with
10 with 13 downturn
11 an 12 economic
11 an 13 downturn
12 economic 13 downturn
15 employers 16 must
16 must 17 remain
17 remain 18 aware
18 aware 19 of
19 of 22 impact
20 the 22 impact
21 pending 22 impact
22 impact 23 of
23 of 26 workforce
24 their 26 workforce
25 aging 26 workforce

losing older employees to retirement drains knowledge and expertise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 losing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 drains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 losing 3 employees
1 losing 4 to
1 losing 6 drains
2 older 3 employees
4 to 5 retirement
6 drains 8 and
7 knowledge 8 and
8 and 9 expertise

in response , employers are looking at new ways to retain older workers at the same time that older workers are reevaluating the traditional approach to retirement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 employers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 response
2 response 3 ,
2 response 4 employers
4 employers 5 are
5 are 6 looking
6 looking 7 at
6 looking 14 at
7 at 9 ways
8 new 9 ways
9 ways 10 to
9 ways 11 retain
10 to 11 retain
11 retain 13 workers
12 older 13 workers
14 at 17 time
15 the 16 same
15 the 17 time
17 time 18 that
18 that 20 workers
18 that 21 are
19 older 20 workers
20 workers 21 are
21 are 22 reevaluating
22 reevaluating 25 approach
22 reevaluating 26 to
23 the 25 approach
24 traditional 25 approach
26 to 27 retirement

this article presents findings from case study research consisting of interviews with key employees at 18 companies in 13 states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 presents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 presents
3 presents 4 findings
3 presents 5 from
3 presents 12 with
3 presents 15 at
3 presents 18 in
5 from 8 research
6 case 7 study
7 study 8 research
8 research 9 consisting
9 consisting 10 of
10 of 11 interviews
12 with 14 employees
13 key 14 employees
15 at 17 companies
16 18 17 companies
18 in 20 states
19 13 20 states

five of those companies subsequently participated in in [-] person site visits . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 five
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 site
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 five 2 of
1 five 11 site
2 of 3 those
3 those 4 companies
3 those 7 in
4 companies 6 participated
5 subsequently 6 participated
6 participated 7 in
8 in 10 person
10 person 11 site
11 site 12 visits

interviews were held with a wide range of informants , including company leadership , supervisors , and older workers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 held
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 interviews 2 were
2 were 3 held
3 held 4 with
4 with 17 and
5 a 6 wide
5 a 7 range
6 wide 7 range
7 range 8 of
7 range 17 and
8 of 9 informants
9 informants 11 including
9 informants 15 supervisors
10 , 11 including
11 including 13 leadership
11 including 14 ,
12 company 13 leadership
14 , 15 supervisors
15 supervisors 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 workers
18 older 19 workers

findings include a description of the cultural context within which the development of formal and informal older worker retention strategies occurred [,] as well as the retention strategies themselves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 findings 2 include
2 include 4 description
3 a 4 description
4 description 5 of
5 of 8 context
6 the 8 context
7 cultural 8 context
8 context 9 within
9 within 10 which
9 within 12 development
9 within 21 occurred
11 the 12 development
12 development 13 of
12 development 21 occurred
13 of 20 strategies
14 formal 15 and
15 and 16 informal
15 and 20 strategies
17 older 20 strategies
18 worker 20 strategies
19 retention 20 strategies
21 occurred 25 as
21 occurred 29 themselves
23 as 24 well
24 well 25 as
25 as 28 strategies
26 the 28 strategies
27 retention 28 strategies

the discussion section explores the universal nature of these retention initiatives and how consideration of universality benefits not only older workers but a range of diverse groups as well . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 section
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 section
2 discussion 3 section
3 section 4 explores
4 explores 27 groups
4 explores 28 as
5 the 7 nature
6 universal 7 nature
7 nature 8 of
7 nature 12 and
8 of 11 initiatives
9 these 11 initiatives
10 retention 11 initiatives
12 and 13 how
12 and 14 consideration
12 and 25 of
12 and 27 groups
14 consideration 15 of
14 consideration 17 benefits
15 of 16 universality
17 benefits 22 but
18 not 19 only
19 only 22 but
20 older 21 workers
21 workers 22 but
22 but 24 range
23 a 24 range
24 range 25 of
26 diverse 27 groups
28 as 29 well

workers ' ability to delay retirement depends partly on the demands of their jobs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 depends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 workers 2 '
2 ' 3 ability
3 ability 4 to
3 ability 5 delay
3 ability 7 depends
4 to 5 delay
5 delay 6 retirement
7 depends 8 partly
8 partly 9 on
9 on 11 demands
10 the 11 demands
11 demands 12 of
12 of 14 jobs
13 their 14 jobs

matching occupational characteristics from the occupational information network to current population survey respondents , this study finds that 7 % of american workers held highly physically demanding jobs in 2006 and 35 % held highly cognitively demanding jobs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 finds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 matching 3 characteristics
1 matching 14 ,
1 matching 16 study
2 occupational 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 from
3 characteristics 9 to
4 from 8 network
5 the 8 network
6 occupational 7 information
7 information 8 network
9 to 13 respondents
10 current 11 population
11 population 12 survey
12 survey 13 respondents
15 this 16 study
16 study 17 finds
17 finds 18 that
17 finds 20 %
17 finds 31 and
19 7 20 %
20 % 21 of
20 % 24 held
20 % 27 demanding
21 of 23 workers
22 american 23 workers
25 highly 26 physically
26 physically 27 demanding
27 demanding 28 jobs
27 demanding 29 in
29 in 30 2006
31 and 33 %
32 35 33 %
33 % 34 held
33 % 37 demanding
34 held 35 highly
36 cognitively 37 demanding
37 demanding 38 jobs

the share of the workforce in physically demanding jobs fell by about one - [sixth] between 1971 and 2006 , while the share in cognitively demanding jobs increased by more than one - third . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 share
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 fell
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 share
2 share 3 of
2 share 10 fell
3 of 5 workforce
4 the 5 workforce
5 workforce 6 in
6 in 8 demanding
7 physically 8 demanding
8 demanding 9 jobs
10 fell 11 by
10 fell 21 while
10 fell 34 third
11 by 13 one
12 about 13 one
13 one 16 between
14 - 16 between
16 between 18 and
16 between 20 ,
17 1971 18 and
18 and 19 2006
20 , 21 while
21 while 23 share
21 while 28 increased
21 while 33 -
22 the 23 share
23 share 24 in
23 share 28 increased
24 in 26 demanding
25 cognitively 26 demanding
26 demanding 27 jobs
28 increased 29 by
28 increased 31 than
29 by 30 more
31 than 32 one

the decline in physically demanding occupations will likely improve employment prospects for older adults , but the growth in cognitive demands may limit options for some older workers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 decline
2 decline 3 in
2 decline 7 will
3 in 5 demanding
4 physically 5 demanding
5 demanding 6 occupations
7 will 9 improve
8 likely 9 improve
9 improve 11 prospects
10 employment 11 prospects
11 prospects 12 for
12 for 14 adults
13 older 14 adults
15 , 16 but
16 but 18 growth
16 but 23 limit
17 the 18 growth
18 growth 19 in
18 growth 22 may
19 in 21 demands
20 cognitive 21 demands
22 may 23 limit
23 limit 24 options
24 options 25 for
25 for 28 workers
26 some 28 workers
27 older 28 workers

the aging of the baby boom cohorts poses challenges for societies , employers , and the baby boomers themselves : will societies be able to sustain an exponentially increasing number of retirees and older workers ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 poses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 ?
1 the 2 aging
2 aging 3 of
2 aging 8 poses
3 of 7 cohorts
4 the 7 cohorts
5 baby 7 cohorts
6 boom 7 cohorts
8 poses 9 challenges
8 poses 19 themselves
9 challenges 10 for
10 for 15 and
11 societies 12 ,
12 , 13 employers
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 boomers
16 the 18 boomers
17 baby 18 boomers
20 : 21 will
21 will 22 societies
21 will 23 be
23 be 35 workers
24 able 25 to
24 able 33 and
25 to 26 sustain
26 sustain 32 retirees
27 an 30 number
28 exponentially 29 increasing
29 increasing 30 number
30 number 31 of
30 number 32 retirees
31 of 32 retirees
33 and 34 older
33 and 35 workers

will employers be prepared to accommodate an aging workforce , especially in times of economic recession ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 will
1 will 2 employers
1 will 3 be
3 be 4 prepared
4 prepared 5 to
4 prepared 6 accommodate
5 to 6 accommodate
6 accommodate 9 workforce
7 an 9 workforce
8 aging 9 workforce
9 workforce 12 in
10 , 11 especially
10 , 12 in
12 in 13 times
12 in 17 ?
13 times 14 of
14 of 16 recession
15 economic 16 recession

will aging baby boomers [desire] and be able to postpone retirement and remain in their career jobs or seek bridge employment or be forced to do so out of financial necessity ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 will
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 ?
1 will 2 aging
1 will 6 and
3 baby 4 boomers
3 baby 6 and
6 and 12 and
7 be 8 able
7 be 12 and
8 able 9 to
8 able 10 postpone
9 to 10 postpone
10 postpone 11 retirement
12 and 18 or
13 remain 14 in
13 remain 18 or
14 in 17 jobs
15 their 17 jobs
16 career 17 jobs
18 or 22 or
19 seek 21 employment
19 seek 22 or
20 bridge 21 employment
22 or 23 be
23 be 24 forced
24 forced 25 to
24 forced 26 do
25 to 26 do
26 do 27 so
26 do 29 of
28 out 29 of
29 of 31 necessity
30 financial 31 necessity

objectives : this study aimed at testing the proposition of socioemotional selectivity theory whether older people would use more antecedent [-] focused emotion regulatory strategies like cognitive [reappraisal] but fewer response [-] focused strategies like suppression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 aimed
5 aimed 6 at
5 aimed 14 whether
5 aimed 26 like
5 aimed 35 like
6 at 7 testing
7 testing 9 proposition
8 the 9 proposition
9 proposition 10 of
10 of 13 theory
11 socioemotional 12 selectivity
12 selectivity 13 theory
14 whether 16 people
14 whether 18 use
15 older 16 people
16 people 17 would
17 would 18 use
18 use 25 strategies
19 more 25 strategies
20 antecedent 22 focused
22 focused 23 emotion
23 emotion 25 strategies
24 regulatory 25 strategies
26 like 34 strategies
27 cognitive 29 but
29 but 30 fewer
29 but 34 strategies
31 response 33 focused
33 focused 34 strategies
35 like 36 suppression

it also aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotion regulation on the relationship between age and emotions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 it 3 aimed
2 also 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 at
4 at 5 investigating
5 investigating 8 role
5 investigating 12 on
5 investigating 15 between
6 the 8 role
7 mediating 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 11 regulation
10 emotion 11 regulation
12 on 14 relationship
13 the 14 relationship
15 between 17 and
16 age 17 and
17 and 18 emotions

method : the sample consisted of 654 younger and older adults aged between 18 and 64 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 4 sample
2 : 5 consisted
3 the 4 sample
4 sample 5 consisted
5 consisted 6 of
6 of 7 654
7 654 11 adults
7 654 12 aged
8 younger 9 and
9 and 10 older
9 and 11 adults
11 adults 12 aged
12 aged 13 between
13 between 15 and
14 18 15 and
15 and 16 64

results and conclusion : results showed that age was significantly associated with positive emotions and cognitive reappraisal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 results 2 and
2 and 3 conclusion
4 : 5 results
4 : 6 showed
4 : 18 .
5 results 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
7 that 8 age
7 that 11 associated
8 age 9 was
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 15 and
13 positive 14 emotions
14 emotions 15 and
15 and 17 reappraisal
16 cognitive 17 reappraisal

no difference was found in negative emotions and suppression between younger and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 no 2 difference
2 difference 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 in
4 found 10 between
5 in 8 and
6 negative 7 emotions
7 emotions 8 and
8 and 9 suppression
10 between 14 adults
11 younger 12 and
12 and 13 older
12 and 14 adults

cognitive [reappraisal] partially mediated the effect of age on positive emotions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cognitive
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 cognitive 4 mediated
3 partially 4 mediated
4 mediated 6 effect
4 mediated 9 on
5 the 6 effect
6 effect 7 of
7 of 8 age
9 on 11 emotions
10 positive 11 emotions

findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanism of age variations in emotional experiences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 findings 2 of
1 findings 5 contribute
2 of 4 study
3 this 4 study
5 contribute 6 to
5 contribute 16 in
6 to 8 understanding
7 our 8 understanding
8 understanding 9 of
9 of 12 mechanism
10 the 12 mechanism
11 underlying 12 mechanism
12 mechanism 13 of
13 of 15 variations
14 age 15 variations
16 in 18 experiences
17 emotional 18 experiences

objectives : dementia increasingly diminishes the ability to communicate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 dementia
2 : 5 diminishes
2 : 10 .
3 dementia 5 diminishes
4 increasingly 5 diminishes
5 diminishes 7 ability
6 the 7 ability
7 ability 8 to
7 ability 9 communicate
8 to 9 communicate

we aimed to develop and evaluate a psychosocial intervention program that focuses on communication in dementia care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 5 and
3 to 5 and
4 develop 5 and
5 and 6 evaluate
5 and 15 in
5 and 17 care
6 evaluate 10 program
7 a 10 program
8 psychosocial 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 program
10 program 11 that
10 program 12 focuses
11 that 12 focuses
12 focuses 13 on
13 on 14 communication
15 in 16 dementia

this was intended to enhance the quality of life ( qol ) of people with dementia and to reduce the burden on their informal caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 was
2 was 3 intended
3 intended 4 to
3 intended 17 and
4 to 17 and
5 enhance 7 quality
5 enhance 15 with
5 enhance 17 and
6 the 7 quality
7 quality 8 of
7 quality 13 of
8 of 9 life
9 life 11 qol
10 ( 11 qol
11 qol 12 )
13 of 14 people
15 with 16 dementia
17 and 18 to
17 and 19 reduce
18 to 19 reduce
19 reduce 21 burden
19 reduce 22 on
20 the 21 burden
22 on 25 caregivers
23 their 25 caregivers
24 informal 25 caregivers

method : a training program for informal caregivers of people with dementia was developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 program
2 : 14 developed
2 : 15 .
3 a 4 training
3 a 5 program
4 training 5 program
5 program 6 for
5 program 13 was
6 for 8 caregivers
7 informal 8 caregivers
8 caregivers 9 of
9 of 10 people
10 people 11 with
11 with 12 dementia
13 was 14 developed

the training combines the expertise of geriatric psychiatry , geriatric care , and educational psychology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 combines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 training
2 training 3 combines
3 combines 5 expertise
4 the 5 expertise
5 expertise 6 of
6 of 8 psychiatry
7 geriatric 8 psychiatry
9 , 13 and
10 geriatric 11 care
11 care 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 psychology
14 educational 15 psychology

caregivers [acquire] and [deepen] competencies required to improve communication in dementia care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 caregivers 3 and
3 and 5 competencies
3 and 6 required
6 required 7 to
6 required 8 improve
7 to 8 improve
8 improve 9 communication
8 improve 10 in
10 in 12 care
11 dementia 12 care

the training was evaluated with a pre - post - control group design and time - series analyses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 training
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
1 the 2 training
2 training 3 was
3 was 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 with
5 with 9 post
6 a 7 pre
6 a 9 post
7 pre 8 -
7 pre 9 post
9 post 14 and
10 - 14 and
11 control 13 design
12 group 13 design
13 design 14 and
14 and 15 time
14 and 18 analyses
14 and 19 .
16 - 18 analyses
17 series 18 analyses
18 analyses 19 .

twenty - four informal caregivers participated in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 four
2 - 5 caregivers
4 informal 5 caregivers
5 caregivers 6 participated
6 participated 7 in
7 in 9 study
8 the 9 study

results : the results of the study provide evidence that tandem training increases caregivers ' use of strategies that are relevant for communication in dementia care and the care receivers ' qol . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 8 provide
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 provide
5 of 7 study
6 the 7 study
8 provide 9 evidence
9 evidence 10 that
10 that 12 training
10 that 13 increases
11 tandem 12 training
12 training 13 increases
13 increases 27 and
14 caregivers 15 '
15 ' 16 use
16 use 17 of
16 use 27 and
17 of 18 strategies
18 strategies 19 that
18 strategies 20 are
19 that 20 are
20 are 21 relevant
21 relevant 22 for
22 for 23 communication
23 communication 24 in
24 in 26 care
25 dementia 26 care
27 and 32 qol
28 the 30 receivers
29 care 30 receivers
30 receivers 31 '
31 ' 32 qol

conclusion : the results of research in this program show the relevance of including caregivers in interventions and the importance of communication for the qol of people with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 10 show
2 : 30 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 of
4 results 7 in
4 results 10 show
5 of 6 research
7 in 9 program
8 this 9 program
10 show 12 relevance
10 show 18 and
10 show 28 with
11 the 12 relevance
12 relevance 13 of
13 of 14 including
14 including 15 caregivers
14 including 16 in
16 in 17 interventions
18 and 20 importance
19 the 20 importance
20 importance 21 of
20 importance 26 of
21 of 22 communication
22 communication 23 for
23 for 25 qol
24 the 25 qol
26 of 27 people
28 with 29 dementia

objective : to explore the help - seeking strategies and the acceptance of services among a national sample of italian , greek and chinese compared to third generation australians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 explore
2 : 21 ,
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 6 help
4 explore 8 seeking
5 the 6 help
7 - 8 seeking
8 seeking 10 and
8 seeking 15 among
8 seeking 21 ,
9 strategies 10 and
10 and 12 acceptance
10 and 13 of
11 the 12 acceptance
13 of 14 services
15 among 18 sample
16 a 18 sample
17 national 18 sample
18 sample 19 of
19 of 20 italian
21 , 23 and
21 , 25 compared
22 greek 23 and
23 and 24 chinese
23 and 25 compared
25 compared 26 to
26 to 29 australians
27 third 28 generation
28 generation 29 australians

methods : a cross - sectional telephone survey [of] 350 italian , 414 greek , 437 chinese and 500 third generation australians whose households were randomly selected from the national telephone directory was carried out . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
4 cross 11 italian
5 - 11 italian
6 sectional 7 telephone
7 telephone 11 italian
8 survey 11 italian
10 350 11 italian
11 italian 12 ,
12 , 13 414
12 , 34 carried
13 414 18 and
13 414 27 selected
13 414 33 was
14 greek 15 ,
15 , 17 chinese
15 , 18 and
16 437 17 chinese
18 and 22 australians
18 and 23 whose
18 and 27 selected
19 500 22 australians
20 third 21 generation
21 generation 22 australians
23 whose 24 households
24 households 25 were
26 randomly 27 selected
27 selected 28 from
28 from 32 directory
29 the 32 directory
30 national 32 directory
31 telephone 32 directory
33 was 34 carried
34 carried 35 out

participants were asked how they would seek help for a character in a vignette with dementia and what aged care services they would use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 3 asked
3 asked 4 how
4 how 5 they
4 how 7 seek
5 they 6 would
6 would 7 seek
7 seek 8 help
7 seek 12 in
7 seek 15 with
8 help 9 for
9 for 11 character
10 a 11 character
12 in 14 vignette
13 a 14 vignette
15 with 16 dementia
17 and 18 what
17 and 19 aged
18 what 19 aged
19 aged 21 services
20 care 21 services
21 services 22 they
21 services 24 use
22 they 23 would
23 would 24 use

results : the most frequently reported sources of help for all participants [were] general practitioners ( 55 % ) , community organisations ( 27 % ) and family ( 26 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 27 and
2 : 33 .
3 the 4 most
4 most 5 frequently
5 frequently 6 reported
6 reported 7 sources
7 sources 8 of
7 sources 27 and
8 of 9 help
9 help 10 for
10 for 15 practitioners
11 all 15 practitioners
12 participants 15 practitioners
14 general 15 practitioners
15 practitioners 18 %
15 practitioners 22 organisations
16 ( 18 %
17 55 18 %
18 % 19 )
20 , 22 organisations
21 community 22 organisations
22 organisations 25 %
22 organisations 26 )
23 ( 25 %
24 27 25 %
25 % 26 )
27 and 28 family
27 and 31 %
29 ( 31 %
30 26 31 %
31 % 32 )

significantly more racial minority participants reported that they would seek help from their families ( 32 % ) than did third generation australians ( 13 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 significantly 5 participants
2 more 3 racial
3 racial 4 minority
4 minority 5 participants
5 participants 6 reported
5 participants 7 that
5 participants 10 seek
5 participants 11 help
7 that 8 they
7 that 10 seek
8 they 9 would
9 would 10 seek
11 help 12 from
11 help 19 than
12 from 14 families
13 their 14 families
14 families 17 %
15 ( 17 %
16 32 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 than 20 did
20 did 23 australians
21 third 22 generation
22 generation 23 australians
23 australians 26 %
24 ( 26 %
25 13 26 %
26 % 27 )

racial minorities were equally or more likely to say that they would use some community - based services than third generation australians and less likely to use residential respite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 minorities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 racial 2 minorities
2 minorities 5 or
3 were 4 equally
3 were 5 or
5 or 8 to
5 or 23 and
6 more 7 likely
7 likely 8 to
8 to 9 say
9 say 10 that
10 that 11 they
10 that 13 use
11 they 12 would
12 would 13 use
13 use 15 community
14 some 15 community
16 - 23 and
17 based 18 services
17 based 19 than
17 based 23 and
19 than 22 australians
20 third 21 generation
21 generation 22 australians
23 and 26 to
23 and 27 use
24 less 25 likely
25 likely 26 to
26 to 27 use
27 use 29 respite
28 residential 29 respite

italians were less likely to use permanent residential care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 italians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 italians 2 were
2 were 4 likely
3 less 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 6 use
5 to 6 use
6 use 9 care
7 permanent 9 care
8 residential 9 care

acculturation parameters were inconsistently associated with help - seeking and service acceptability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 parameters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 acculturation 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 were
3 were 5 associated
4 inconsistently 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 help
8 - 10 and
8 - 13 .
9 seeking 10 and
10 and 12 acceptability
11 service 12 acceptability

conclusions : racial minority groups have a greater preference for community services than third generation australians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 5 groups
2 : 6 have
3 racial 4 minority
4 minority 5 groups
5 groups 6 have
6 have 9 preference
6 have 13 than
7 a 9 preference
8 greater 9 preference
9 preference 10 for
10 for 12 services
11 community 12 services
13 than 16 australians
14 third 15 generation
15 generation 16 australians

there are differences between racial minority groups on help - seeking and acceptability of services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 there 2 are
2 are 3 differences
3 differences 4 between
4 between 7 groups
5 racial 6 minority
6 minority 7 groups
7 groups 8 on
8 on 9 help
10 - 12 and
10 - 16 .
11 seeking 12 and
12 and 13 acceptability
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 services

education and outreach to these groups needs to be tailored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
2 and 3 outreach
2 and 7 needs
3 outreach 4 to
3 outreach 7 needs
4 to 6 groups
5 these 6 groups
7 needs 8 to
7 needs 10 tailored
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 tailored

objectives : [affect] and loneliness are important indicators of mental health and well - being in older adulthood [and] [are] linked to significant outcomes including physical health and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 objectives 2 :
4 and 5 loneliness
4 and 6 are
5 loneliness 6 are
6 are 12 and
7 important 8 indicators
8 indicators 9 of
8 indicators 12 and
9 of 11 health
10 mental 11 health
12 and 13 well
12 and 14 -
12 and 15 being
12 and 18 adulthood
12 and 21 linked
15 being 16 in
17 older 18 adulthood
18 adulthood 21 linked
21 linked 22 to
22 to 28 and
23 significant 24 outcomes
24 outcomes 25 including
24 outcomes 28 and
25 including 27 health
26 physical 27 health
28 and 29 mortality

given a large focus on young - old adults within gerontological research , the primary aim of this study was to examine the ability of individual and social resources in predicting affect and loneliness within a sample [of] [oldest] - old individuals including centenarians , an understudied population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 given 4 focus
1 given 10 within
1 given 13 ,
1 given 16 aim
2 a 4 focus
3 large 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
5 on 9 adults
6 young 7 -
6 young 8 old
8 old 9 adults
10 within 12 research
11 gerontological 12 research
14 the 16 aim
15 primary 16 aim
16 aim 17 of
16 aim 20 was
17 of 19 study
18 this 19 study
20 was 21 to
20 was 22 examine
21 to 22 examine
22 examine 24 ability
22 examine 35 within
23 the 24 ability
24 ability 25 of
25 of 33 and
26 individual 27 and
27 and 28 social
27 and 29 resources
27 and 32 affect
27 and 33 and
29 resources 30 in
29 resources 32 affect
30 in 31 predicting
33 and 34 loneliness
35 within 37 sample
36 a 37 sample
37 sample 42 individuals
40 - 42 individuals
41 old 42 individuals
42 individuals 43 including
42 individuals 45 ,
43 including 44 centenarians
45 , 48 population
46 an 48 population
47 understudied 48 population

methods : participants were assessed during the most recent cross - sectional data [collection] of the georgia centenarian study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 5 assessed
2 : 11 -
2 : 20 .
3 participants 4 were
4 were 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 during
6 during 10 cross
7 the 10 cross
8 most 9 recent
9 recent 10 cross
11 - 13 data
12 sectional 13 data
13 data 15 of
15 of 19 study
16 the 19 study
17 georgia 18 centenarian
18 centenarian 19 study

the eligible sample included 55 octogenarians ( m = 83.70 years , sd = 2.68 ; range = 81 - 90 [ )(and 77 centenarians ( m = 99.78 years , sd = 1.64 ; range = 98 - 109 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sample
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 sample
2 eligible 3 sample
3 sample 4 included
4 included 6 octogenarians
4 included 9 =
5 55 6 octogenarians
7 ( 9 =
8 m 9 =
9 = 11 years
10 83.70 11 years
12 , 13 sd
12 , 14 =
12 , 16 ;
13 sd 14 =
14 = 15 2.68
16 ; 23 )(and
16 ; 31 ,
17 range 20 -
17 range 23 )(and
18 = 19 81
19 81 20 -
20 - 21 90
23 )(and 25 centenarians
23 )(and 28 =
24 77 25 centenarians
26 ( 28 =
27 m 28 =
28 = 30 years
29 99.78 30 years
31 , 32 sd
31 , 33 =
31 , 35 ;
32 sd 33 =
33 = 34 1.64
35 ; 36 range
35 ; 37 =
36 range 37 =
37 = 38 98
38 98 40 109
39 - 40 109
40 109 41 )

subjects scored 17 [or] greater on the mini - mental status exam and completed mental health assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 subjects 2 scored
2 scored 3 17
3 17 5 greater
5 greater 6 on
6 on 8 mini
7 the 8 mini
9 - 13 and
9 - 18 .
10 mental 11 status
11 status 12 exam
12 exam 13 and
13 and 17 assessments
14 completed 16 health
15 mental 16 health
16 health 17 assessments

results : hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the relation [of] [affect] and loneliness with demographic characteristics , physical and social functioning , cognition , and personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 5 analyses
2 : 9 examine
3 hierarchical 4 regression
4 regression 5 analyses
5 analyses 6 were
6 were 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 to
8 to 9 examine
9 examine 14 and
9 examine 16 with
10 the 14 and
11 relation 14 and
14 and 15 loneliness
16 with 27 and
17 demographic 18 characteristics
18 characteristics 19 ,
19 , 20 physical
19 , 21 and
21 and 22 social
21 and 23 functioning
21 and 25 cognition
21 and 27 and
24 , 25 cognition
25 cognition 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 personality

[within] this sample of cognitively intact [oldest] old , measures of executive control and cognitive functioning demonstrated limited association with mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 this 3 sample
3 sample 4 of
3 sample 14 and
4 of 10 measures
5 cognitively 6 intact
6 intact 10 measures
8 old 9 ,
8 old 10 measures
10 measures 11 of
11 of 13 control
12 executive 13 control
14 and 19 association
14 and 20 with
15 cognitive 19 association
16 functioning 19 association
17 demonstrated 19 association
18 limited 19 association
20 with 22 health
21 mental 22 health

personality , specifically neuroticism , was strongly related to mental health indicators for both age groups and social relations were particularly important associates of centenarians ' mental health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 personality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 personality 4 neuroticism
1 personality 6 was
2 , 4 neuroticism
3 specifically 4 neuroticism
4 neuroticism 5 ,
6 was 7 strongly
6 was 8 related
8 related 9 to
9 to 12 indicators
10 mental 11 health
11 health 12 indicators
12 indicators 13 for
13 for 16 groups
14 both 16 groups
15 age 16 groups
17 and 19 relations
17 and 20 were
18 social 19 relations
19 relations 20 were
20 were 21 particularly
20 were 23 associates
22 important 23 associates
23 associates 24 of
24 of 28 health
25 centenarians 26 '
26 ' 28 health
27 mental 28 health

discussion : findings indicate the distinctiveness of mental health indicators and the need to distinguish differential roles of individual and social resources in determining these outcomes among octogenarians and centenarians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 findings
2 : 4 indicate
2 : 31 .
3 findings 4 indicate
4 indicate 6 distinctiveness
4 indicate 27 among
5 the 6 distinctiveness
6 distinctiveness 7 of
7 of 11 and
8 mental 9 health
9 health 10 indicators
10 indicators 11 and
11 and 13 need
11 and 14 to
11 and 24 determining
12 the 13 need
14 to 15 distinguish
15 distinguish 17 roles
16 differential 17 roles
17 roles 18 of
18 of 22 resources
19 individual 20 and
20 and 21 social
20 and 22 resources
22 resources 23 in
23 in 24 determining
24 determining 26 outcomes
25 these 26 outcomes
27 among 29 and
28 octogenarians 29 and
29 and 30 centenarians

objectives : this pilot study evaluates satisfaction with foreign home care arrangement from the perspectives of older adults , their family members , and their foreign home care workers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 evaluates
2 : 30 .
3 this 5 study
4 pilot 5 study
5 study 6 evaluates
6 evaluates 7 satisfaction
6 evaluates 8 with
8 with 12 arrangement
8 with 13 from
9 foreign 12 arrangement
10 home 12 arrangement
11 care 12 arrangement
13 from 24 and
14 the 15 perspectives
15 perspectives 16 of
15 perspectives 24 and
16 of 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 22 members
19 , 22 members
20 their 22 members
21 family 22 members
22 members 23 ,
24 and 29 workers
25 their 29 workers
26 foreign 27 home
27 home 29 workers
28 care 29 workers

methods : a matched cross [-] sectional sample of 148 family members and foreign home care workers and 90 older care recipients completed a satisfaction survey in the years 2007 - 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 18 and
2 : 23 completed
3 a 8 sample
4 matched 5 cross
5 cross 8 sample
7 sectional 8 sample
8 sample 9 of
8 sample 13 and
9 of 12 members
10 148 11 family
11 family 12 members
13 and 17 workers
13 and 18 and
14 foreign 15 home
15 home 16 care
16 care 17 workers
18 and 22 recipients
18 and 23 completed
19 90 22 recipients
20 older 22 recipients
21 care 22 recipients
23 completed 26 survey
24 a 25 satisfaction
24 a 26 survey
25 satisfaction 26 survey
26 survey 27 in
27 in 29 years
28 the 29 years
29 years 31 -
30 2007 31 -
31 - 32 2008

results : foreign home care workers ' satisfaction was directly associated with family members ['] and care recipients ' satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 satisfaction
2 : 11 associated
2 : 21 .
3 foreign 6 workers
4 home 5 care
5 care 6 workers
6 workers 7 '
7 ' 8 satisfaction
8 satisfaction 9 was
9 was 11 associated
10 directly 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 16 and
13 family 14 members
14 members 16 and
16 and 20 satisfaction
17 care 18 recipients
18 recipients 19 '
19 ' 20 satisfaction

in addition , the well - being of older care recipients and foreign home care workers was directly associated with their satisfaction with this arrangement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 7 being
2 addition 5 well
3 , 5 well
4 the 5 well
5 well 6 -
7 being 8 of
7 being 17 was
8 of 12 and
9 older 10 care
10 care 11 recipients
11 recipients 12 and
12 and 16 workers
13 foreign 14 home
14 home 15 care
15 care 16 workers
17 was 19 associated
18 directly 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 22 satisfaction
21 their 22 satisfaction
22 satisfaction 23 with
23 with 25 arrangement
24 this 25 arrangement

finally , there was an inverse association between care recipients ' cognitive functioning and family members ' satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 there
3 there 4 was
4 was 7 association
5 an 6 inverse
5 an 7 association
6 inverse 7 association
7 association 8 between
8 between 14 and
9 care 10 recipients
10 recipients 11 '
11 ' 13 functioning
12 cognitive 13 functioning
13 functioning 14 and
14 and 18 satisfaction
15 family 16 members
16 members 17 '
17 ' 18 satisfaction

conclusions : this study demonstrates the complex associations between the various stakeholders involved in this caregiving arrangement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 demonstrates
2 : 18 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 demonstrates
5 demonstrates 8 associations
5 demonstrates 9 between
6 the 8 associations
7 complex 8 associations
9 between 12 stakeholders
10 the 12 stakeholders
11 various 12 stakeholders
12 stakeholders 13 involved
13 involved 14 in
14 in 17 arrangement
15 this 17 arrangement
16 caregiving 17 arrangement

it is possible that better working conditions would result in improved satisfaction with services of all parties involved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 possible
3 possible 4 that
4 that 6 working
4 that 18 involved
5 better 6 working
6 working 7 conditions
6 working 8 would
8 would 9 result
9 result 10 in
9 result 13 with
10 in 12 satisfaction
11 improved 12 satisfaction
13 with 14 services
13 with 18 involved
14 services 15 of
15 of 17 parties
16 all 17 parties

the provision of informal care to infirm family members is of central importance to social gerontology ; concomitantly , caregiver burden is a topic of considerable research interest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 provision
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 provision
2 provision 3 of
2 provision 10 is
3 of 5 care
4 informal 5 care
5 care 6 to
6 to 9 members
7 infirm 8 family
8 family 9 members
10 is 11 of
10 is 14 to
11 of 13 importance
12 central 13 importance
14 to 16 gerontology
15 social 16 gerontology
17 ; 21 burden
17 ; 22 is
18 concomitantly 19 ,
18 concomitantly 21 burden
20 caregiver 21 burden
21 burden 22 is
22 is 24 topic
23 a 24 topic
24 topic 25 of
25 of 28 interest
26 considerable 27 research
27 research 28 interest

to this end , psychometrically sound instruments are required to advance cross - national research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 to 3 end
1 to 4 ,
1 to 12 cross
2 this 3 end
4 , 11 advance
5 psychometrically 6 sound
6 sound 7 instruments
7 instruments 8 are
8 are 9 required
9 required 10 to
9 required 11 advance
10 to 11 advance
11 advance 12 cross
13 - 15 research
14 national 15 research

the current study builds upon previous research examining the reliability and validity of responses to a brief hebrew language version of the zarit burden interview . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 builds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 builds
4 builds 5 upon
4 builds 15 to
5 upon 7 research
6 previous 7 research
7 research 8 examining
7 research 13 of
8 examining 11 and
9 the 11 and
10 reliability 11 and
11 and 12 validity
13 of 14 responses
15 to 20 version
16 a 17 brief
16 a 20 version
17 brief 18 hebrew
18 hebrew 19 language
19 language 20 version
20 version 21 of
21 of 25 interview
22 the 25 interview
23 zarit 24 burden
24 burden 25 interview

for this study , factorial validity of responses to this instrument is [examined] relative to a representative english canadian sample of caregivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 validity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 for 3 study
1 for 4 ,
1 for 6 validity
2 this 3 study
5 factorial 6 validity
6 validity 7 of
6 validity 12 is
7 of 8 responses
8 responses 9 to
9 to 11 instrument
10 this 11 instrument
12 is 14 relative
14 relative 15 to
15 to 20 sample
16 a 17 representative
16 a 20 sample
17 representative 19 canadian
18 english 19 canadian
19 canadian 20 sample
20 sample 21 of
21 of 22 caregivers

invariance analyses comparing english and hebrew responses support a 2 [-] factor model of burden ( role strain , personal strain ) ; furthermore , invariance analyses comparing responses indicate that caregivers interpret and respond to the majority of items in a consistent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 invariance 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 comparing
2 analyses 5 and
3 comparing 4 english
5 and 7 responses
5 and 8 support
6 hebrew 7 responses
8 support 13 model
9 a 13 model
10 2 12 factor
12 factor 13 model
13 model 14 of
13 model 18 strain
14 of 15 burden
16 ( 18 strain
17 role 18 strain
18 strain 21 strain
18 strain 23 ;
19 , 21 strain
20 personal 21 strain
21 strain 22 )
23 ; 27 analyses
23 ; 34 and
24 furthermore 25 ,
24 furthermore 27 analyses
26 invariance 27 analyses
27 analyses 28 comparing
27 analyses 34 and
28 comparing 29 responses
30 indicate 31 that
30 indicate 34 and
31 that 32 caregivers
31 that 33 interpret
32 caregivers 33 interpret
34 and 35 respond
34 and 36 to
36 to 40 items
37 the 38 majority
38 majority 39 of
38 majority 40 items
39 of 40 items
40 items 41 in
41 in 44 manner
42 a 44 manner
43 consistent 44 manner

this finding suggests reliable translation of items from english to hebrew . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 suggests
3 suggests 5 translation
3 suggests 10 to
4 reliable 5 translation
5 translation 6 of
6 of 7 items
7 items 8 from
8 from 9 english
10 to 11 hebrew

caregiver burden is discussed in the context of changing demographics and the growing prevalence of disorders affecting older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 caregiver 2 burden
2 burden 3 is
3 is 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 in
5 in 11 and
6 the 7 context
7 context 8 of
7 context 11 and
8 of 9 changing
9 changing 10 demographics
11 and 14 prevalence
11 and 15 of
12 the 14 prevalence
13 growing 14 prevalence
15 of 16 disorders
16 disorders 17 affecting
17 affecting 19 adults
18 older 19 adults

subjective memory [complaint] ( smc ) is common among elderly people , and is thought to be part of mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 subjective 2 memory
2 memory 5 smc
2 memory 13 and
4 ( 5 smc
5 smc 6 )
7 is 8 common
7 is 13 and
8 common 9 among
9 among 11 people
10 elderly 11 people
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 is
13 and 16 to
13 and 22 impairment
14 is 15 thought
16 to 17 be
18 part 19 of
18 part 22 impairment
19 of 22 impairment
20 mild 22 impairment
21 cognitive 22 impairment
22 impairment 24 mci
23 ( 24 mci
24 mci 25 )

we evaluated whether impaired digit span [(] ids [ )(in older people with smc can predict wider impairment in future neuropsychological tests that correspond to mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 evaluated
2 evaluated 3 whether
3 whether 8 ids
3 whether 16 predict
4 impaired 5 digit
5 digit 8 ids
6 span 8 ids
8 ids 10 )(in
8 ids 13 with
8 ids 15 can
10 )(in 12 people
11 older 12 people
13 with 14 smc
15 can 16 predict
16 predict 18 impairment
16 predict 19 in
17 wider 18 impairment
19 in 22 tests
20 future 22 tests
21 neuropsychological 22 tests
22 tests 23 that
22 tests 24 correspond
23 that 24 correspond
24 correspond 25 to
25 to 26 mci

after a mean of 6.6 years from the initial assessment , we reevaluated 16 subjects with smc and normal digit span ( nds ) scores ( mean age 57.6 ± 8.1 years ) and 28 subjects with smc and ids scores ( mean age 59.7 ± 9.9 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reevaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 after 3 mean
1 after 11 ,
1 after 12 we
2 a 3 mean
3 mean 4 of
4 of 7 from
5 6.6 6 years
6 years 7 from
7 from 10 assessment
8 the 10 assessment
9 initial 10 assessment
12 we 13 reevaluated
13 reevaluated 34 and
13 reevaluated 37 with
14 16 15 subjects
15 subjects 16 with
15 subjects 34 and
16 with 25 scores
17 smc 18 and
18 and 21 span
18 and 23 nds
18 and 25 scores
19 normal 21 span
20 digit 21 span
22 ( 23 nds
23 nds 24 )
25 scores 32 years
26 ( 32 years
27 mean 28 age
28 age 32 years
29 57.6 30 ±
30 ± 32 years
31 8.1 32 years
32 years 33 )
34 and 36 subjects
35 28 36 subjects
37 with 39 and
38 smc 39 and
39 and 41 scores
39 and 48 years
40 ids 41 scores
42 ( 48 years
43 mean 48 years
44 age 48 years
45 59.7 48 years
46 ± 48 years
47 9.9 48 years
48 years 49 )

the ids group showed wider cognitive decline [in] tests of short - term verbal memory and category verbal fluency compared to the nds group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 group
2 ids 3 group
3 group 4 showed
4 showed 9 tests
4 showed 19 fluency
5 wider 7 decline
6 cognitive 7 decline
7 decline 9 tests
9 tests 10 of
10 of 16 and
11 short 12 -
11 short 13 term
13 term 15 memory
14 verbal 15 memory
15 memory 16 and
16 and 17 category
18 verbal 19 fluency
19 fluency 20 compared
20 compared 21 to
21 to 24 group
22 the 24 group
23 nds 24 group

ids scores indicate an earlier step for conversion of smc to mci . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 ids 2 scores
2 scores 3 indicate
3 indicate 6 step
3 indicate 11 to
4 an 6 step
5 earlier 6 step
6 step 7 for
7 for 8 conversion
8 conversion 9 of
9 of 10 smc
11 to 12 mci

method : analyses are based on the changing lives of older couples ( cloc ) study , a prospective study of a two [-] stage area probability sample of 1532 married men and women aged 65 or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 3 analyses
2 : 5 based
3 analyses 4 are
4 are 5 based
5 based 6 on
5 based 37 or
6 on 9 lives
7 the 9 lives
8 changing 9 lives
9 lives 10 of
10 of 11 older
12 couples 14 cloc
13 ( 14 cloc
14 cloc 15 )
14 cloc 16 study
16 study 17 ,
17 , 20 study
17 , 33 and
18 a 19 prospective
18 a 20 study
19 prospective 20 study
20 study 21 of
21 of 28 sample
22 a 28 sample
23 two 25 stage
25 stage 28 sample
26 area 28 sample
27 probability 28 sample
28 sample 29 of
29 of 32 men
30 1532 32 men
31 married 32 men
33 and 34 women
33 and 35 aged
33 and 37 or
35 aged 36 65
37 or 38 older

depressive and grief symptoms , six months after spousal loss , were regressed on social contact , support , and congruence [between] preferred and actual social contact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 depressive 2 and
2 and 3 grief
2 and 4 symptoms
2 and 18 support
2 and 20 and
4 symptoms 8 after
4 symptoms 12 were
5 , 8 after
6 six 7 months
7 months 8 after
8 after 10 loss
8 after 11 ,
9 spousal 10 loss
12 were 17 ,
13 regressed 14 on
13 regressed 17 ,
14 on 16 contact
15 social 16 contact
17 , 18 support
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 congruence
20 and 23 preferred
20 and 24 and
24 and 27 contact
25 actual 26 social
26 social 27 contact

results : frequency of contact did not have a significant influence on psychological distress when contextual factors are controlled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 frequency
2 : 8 have
2 : 20 .
3 frequency 4 of
3 frequency 6 did
4 of 5 contact
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 have
8 have 11 influence
8 have 12 on
9 a 10 significant
9 a 11 influence
10 significant 11 influence
12 on 14 distress
13 psychological 14 distress
14 distress 15 when
15 when 17 factors
15 when 19 controlled
16 contextual 17 factors
17 factors 18 are
18 are 19 controlled

social support and the incongruence between preferred [and] actual social contact were significantly associated with decreased psychological distress for several outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 social 2 support
2 support 3 and
3 and 5 incongruence
3 and 6 between
3 and 12 were
4 the 5 incongruence
6 between 11 contact
7 preferred 10 social
9 actual 10 social
10 social 11 contact
12 were 13 significantly
12 were 14 associated
14 associated 15 with
15 with 18 distress
16 decreased 18 distress
17 psychological 18 distress
18 distress 19 for
19 for 21 outcomes
20 several 21 outcomes

as for the moderating effects of social support and incongruence on the link between social contact and distress , those who had high social contact and high social support experienced less anger and fewer intrusive thoughts than their counterparts ; and those who had low social contact but preferred high social contact experienced greater anger . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 as 2 for
1 as 19 ,
1 as 20 those
2 for 17 and
3 the 5 effects
4 moderating 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 17 and
6 of 9 and
7 social 8 support
8 support 9 and
9 and 10 incongruence
9 and 11 on
11 on 13 link
12 the 13 link
13 link 14 between
14 between 16 contact
15 social 16 contact
17 and 18 distress
20 those 21 who
20 those 22 had
20 those 29 support
21 who 22 had
22 had 26 and
23 high 24 social
24 social 25 contact
25 contact 26 and
26 and 28 social
27 high 28 social
29 support 36 thoughts
29 support 37 than
30 experienced 36 thoughts
31 less 32 anger
32 anger 33 and
33 and 34 fewer
33 and 36 thoughts
35 intrusive 36 thoughts
37 than 39 counterparts
38 their 39 counterparts
40 ; 41 and
40 ; 48 but
41 and 42 those
41 and 45 low
42 those 43 who
42 those 44 had
42 those 45 low
43 who 44 had
45 low 47 contact
46 social 47 contact
48 but 52 contact
48 but 53 experienced
49 preferred 52 contact
50 high 52 contact
51 social 52 contact
52 contact 53 experienced
53 experienced 55 anger
54 greater 55 anger

conclusion : the findings highlight the importance of understanding the quality of widowed persons ' relationships as well as the congruence between their preferred [and] actual social contact . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 highlight
3 the 4 findings
4 findings 5 highlight
5 highlight 7 importance
5 highlight 19 as
5 highlight 22 between
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
7 importance 12 of
8 of 9 understanding
9 understanding 11 quality
10 the 11 quality
12 of 16 relationships
13 widowed 14 persons
14 persons 15 '
15 ' 16 relationships
17 as 18 well
18 well 19 as
19 as 21 congruence
20 the 21 congruence
22 between 28 contact
23 their 28 contact
24 preferred 28 contact
26 actual 28 contact
27 social 28 contact

in this study of 125 older couples married for an average of 34 years , multilevel models were computed to simultaneously examine [intra] - couple personality trait averages [and] between [-] spouse trait similarity as predictors of marital satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 couples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 couple
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 7 couples
2 this 3 study
4 of 5 125
4 of 7 couples
6 older 7 couples
7 couples 8 married
7 couples 9 for
7 couples 25 couple
9 for 11 average
10 an 11 average
11 average 12 of
12 of 14 years
13 34 14 years
14 years 16 multilevel
15 , 16 multilevel
16 multilevel 17 models
16 multilevel 22 examine
16 multilevel 24 -
17 models 18 were
18 were 19 computed
19 computed 20 to
20 to 22 examine
21 simultaneously 22 examine
25 couple 28 averages
25 couple 30 between
25 couple 35 as
26 personality 28 averages
27 trait 28 averages
30 between 34 similarity
32 spouse 34 similarity
33 trait 34 similarity
35 as 36 predictors
36 predictors 37 of
37 of 39 satisfaction
38 marital 39 satisfaction

our findings suggest that higher [intra] - couple levels of extraversion predict marital satisfaction , both husbands and wives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 9 levels
4 that 12 predict
5 higher 7 -
5 higher 8 couple
8 couple 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 11 extraversion
12 predict 18 and
13 marital 14 satisfaction
14 satisfaction 15 ,
15 , 17 husbands
15 , 18 and
16 both 17 husbands
18 and 19 wives

in addition , [between] - spouse similarity in openness to experience appears associated with higher levels of marital satisfaction as reported by husbands ; concomitantly [,] [between] - spouse similarity in agreeableness predicts wives ' marital satisfaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 2 addition
3 , 5 -
3 , 21 reported
3 , 24 ;
5 - 7 similarity
6 spouse 7 similarity
7 similarity 8 in
7 similarity 10 to
7 similarity 12 appears
8 in 9 openness
10 to 11 experience
12 appears 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 20 as
14 with 16 levels
15 higher 16 levels
16 levels 17 of
17 of 19 satisfaction
18 marital 19 satisfaction
20 as 21 reported
21 reported 22 by
22 by 23 husbands
24 ; 30 similarity
24 ; 33 predicts
25 concomitantly 28 -
25 concomitantly 30 similarity
29 spouse 30 similarity
30 similarity 31 in
30 similarity 33 predicts
31 in 32 agreeableness
33 predicts 37 satisfaction
34 wives 35 '
35 ' 37 satisfaction
36 marital 37 satisfaction

with respect to openness ( husbands ) and agreeableness ( wives ) , it did not matter which spouse within couples reported higher or lower trait levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 matter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 with 8 and
1 with 13 ,
1 with 14 it
2 respect 3 to
2 respect 8 and
3 to 4 openness
4 openness 6 husbands
5 ( 6 husbands
6 husbands 7 )
8 and 9 agreeableness
8 and 11 wives
10 ( 11 wives
11 wives 12 )
14 it 15 did
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 matter
17 matter 18 which
18 which 19 spouse
19 spouse 20 within
19 spouse 24 or
20 within 21 couples
21 couples 22 reported
22 reported 23 higher
24 or 26 trait
24 or 27 levels
25 lower 26 trait

the most notable finding to emerge from this study [is] that neuroticism is not associated with marital satisfaction , neither husbands nor wives . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 notable
2 most 3 notable
3 notable 4 finding
3 notable 22 nor
4 finding 5 to
4 finding 11 that
5 to 6 emerge
6 emerge 7 from
7 from 9 study
8 this 9 study
11 that 12 neuroticism
11 that 19 ,
12 neuroticism 13 is
13 is 14 not
13 is 19 ,
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 19 ,
16 with 18 satisfaction
17 marital 18 satisfaction
19 , 21 husbands
20 neither 21 husbands
22 nor 23 wives

this result stands in contrast to previously reported findings -- the vast majority of prior research conducted with dating and newlywed couples . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 stands
1 this 2 result
2 result 3 stands
3 stands 4 in
3 stands 6 to
4 in 5 contrast
6 to 9 findings
7 previously 8 reported
8 reported 9 findings
9 findings 20 and
10 -- 20 and
11 the 13 majority
12 vast 13 majority
13 majority 14 of
13 majority 20 and
14 of 16 research
15 prior 16 research
16 research 17 conducted
17 conducted 18 with
18 with 19 dating
20 and 22 couples
20 and 23 .
21 newlywed 22 couples

conflicting results may reflect the degree to which neuroticism determines divorce within the first years of married life , adaptation to the foibles of one 's spouse over time , overreliance on younger samples in marriage and family research , or some combination of these alternate explanations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 conflicting 2 results
2 results 3 may
3 may 4 reflect
4 reflect 41 or
5 the 6 degree
6 degree 7 to
6 degree 19 ,
7 to 8 which
7 to 9 neuroticism
7 to 10 determines
9 neuroticism 10 determines
10 determines 11 divorce
11 divorce 12 within
11 divorce 16 of
12 within 15 years
13 the 15 years
14 first 15 years
16 of 18 life
17 married 18 life
19 , 20 adaptation
19 , 30 ,
20 adaptation 21 to
21 to 23 foibles
22 the 23 foibles
23 foibles 24 of
24 of 27 spouse
25 one 26 's
26 's 27 spouse
27 spouse 28 over
28 over 29 time
30 , 31 overreliance
30 , 37 and
31 overreliance 32 on
32 on 34 samples
33 younger 34 samples
34 samples 35 in
35 in 36 marriage
37 and 39 research
37 and 40 ,
37 and 41 or
38 family 39 research
40 , 41 or
41 or 43 combination
41 or 44 of
42 some 43 combination
44 of 47 explanations
45 these 47 explanations
46 alternate 47 explanations

objectives : to examine patient preferences for incorporating religion [and/or] spirituality into therapy for anxiety or depression and examine the relations between patient preferences and religious and spiritual coping styles , beliefs and behaviors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 18 and
2 : 31 ,
3 to 18 and
4 examine 6 preferences
4 examine 7 for
4 examine 18 and
5 patient 6 preferences
7 for 8 incorporating
8 incorporating 11 spirituality
8 incorporating 12 into
9 religion 11 spirituality
12 into 13 therapy
13 therapy 14 for
14 for 16 or
15 anxiety 16 or
16 or 17 depression
18 and 19 examine
19 examine 25 and
20 the 21 relations
21 relations 22 between
21 relations 25 and
22 between 24 preferences
23 patient 24 preferences
25 and 30 styles
26 religious 27 and
27 and 28 spiritual
27 and 30 styles
29 coping 30 styles
31 , 33 and
32 beliefs 33 and
33 and 34 behaviors

spearman 's rank - order correlations and ordinal logistic regression examined religious/spiritual variables as predictors of preferences for inclusion of religion or spirituality into counseling . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rank
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 order
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 spearman 2 's
2 's 3 rank
4 - 5 order
5 order 6 correlations
7 and 10 regression
7 and 11 examined
8 ordinal 10 regression
9 logistic 10 regression
10 regression 11 examined
11 examined 13 variables
11 examined 14 as
11 examined 18 for
11 examined 24 into
12 religious/spiritual 13 variables
14 as 15 predictors
15 predictors 16 of
16 of 17 preferences
18 for 22 or
19 inclusion 20 of
19 inclusion 22 or
20 of 21 religion
22 or 23 spirituality
24 into 25 counseling

results : most participants ( 77 - 83 % ) preferred including religion [and/or] spirituality in therapy for anxiety and depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 participants
2 : 11 preferred
3 most 4 participants
4 participants 9 %
4 participants 11 preferred
5 ( 9 %
6 77 7 -
7 - 8 83
7 - 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 preferred 15 spirituality
11 preferred 16 in
11 preferred 18 for
12 including 15 spirituality
13 religion 15 spirituality
16 in 17 therapy
18 for 20 and
19 anxiety 20 and
20 and 21 depression

participants who thought it was important to include religion or spirituality in therapy reported more positive religious - based coping , greater strength of religious faith , and greater collaborative and less self - directed problem - solving styles than participants who did not think it was important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 include
1 participants 2 who
1 participants 3 thought
1 participants 5 was
2 who 3 thought
3 thought 4 it
5 was 6 important
6 important 7 to
6 important 8 include
7 to 8 include
8 include 10 or
8 include 38 solving
9 religion 10 or
10 or 36 problem
11 spirituality 12 in
11 spirituality 28 and
12 in 20 coping
13 therapy 14 reported
14 reported 20 coping
15 more 16 positive
16 positive 20 coping
17 religious 18 -
17 religious 20 coping
19 based 20 coping
20 coping 23 strength
21 , 23 strength
22 greater 23 strength
23 strength 24 of
23 strength 27 ,
24 of 26 faith
25 religious 26 faith
28 and 33 self
28 and 34 -
28 and 36 problem
29 greater 33 self
30 collaborative 31 and
31 and 32 less
31 and 33 self
35 directed 36 problem
37 - 38 solving
38 solving 39 styles
38 solving 40 than
38 solving 49 .
40 than 41 participants
41 participants 42 who
41 participants 43 did
42 who 43 did
43 did 44 not
43 did 45 think
45 think 46 it
45 think 47 was
46 it 47 was
47 was 48 important

conclusion : for individuals like most participants in this study ( christians ) , incorporating spirituality/religion into counseling for anxiety and depression was desirable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 for
2 : 5 like
2 : 8 in
3 for 4 individuals
5 like 7 participants
6 most 7 participants
8 in 10 study
9 this 10 study
10 study 12 christians
11 ( 12 christians
12 christians 13 )
14 , 15 incorporating
14 , 23 was
15 incorporating 16 spirituality/religion
15 incorporating 19 for
15 incorporating 23 was
16 spirituality/religion 17 into
17 into 18 counseling
19 for 21 and
20 anxiety 21 and
21 and 22 depression
23 was 24 desirable

objectives : an exploratory investigation is reported into the role of spirituality and religious practice in protecting against depression among older people living in rural villages in bulgaria and romania , two neighbouring countries with similar cultural , political and religious histories , but with differing levels of current religiosity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 investigation
2 : 7 reported
3 an 4 exploratory
3 an 5 investigation
4 exploratory 5 investigation
5 investigation 6 is
6 is 7 reported
7 reported 8 into
7 reported 16 in
7 reported 20 among
8 into 10 role
9 the 10 role
10 role 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 spirituality 13 and
13 and 15 practice
14 religious 15 practice
16 in 17 protecting
17 protecting 18 against
18 against 19 depression
20 among 29 and
21 older 22 people
22 people 23 living
22 people 24 in
22 people 29 and
24 in 26 villages
25 rural 26 villages
26 villages 27 in
27 in 28 bulgaria
29 and 30 romania
30 romania 32 two
31 , 32 two
32 two 33 neighbouring
32 two 44 but
32 two 51 .
33 neighbouring 34 countries
35 with 42 histories
35 with 44 but
36 similar 42 histories
37 cultural 38 ,
38 , 39 political
38 , 40 and
40 and 41 religious
40 and 42 histories
43 , 44 but
44 but 45 with
45 with 46 differing
46 differing 47 levels
47 levels 48 of
48 of 50 religiosity
49 current 50 religiosity

methods : in both countries , interviews were conducted with samples of 160 persons of 60 years and over in villages of similar socio - economic status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 countries
4 both 5 countries
6 , 7 interviews
6 , 9 conducted
7 interviews 8 were
8 were 9 conducted
9 conducted 18 and
10 with 11 samples
10 with 18 and
11 samples 12 of
12 of 14 persons
13 160 14 persons
14 persons 15 of
15 of 17 years
16 60 17 years
18 and 19 over
19 over 20 in
20 in 21 villages
21 villages 22 of
22 of 27 status
23 similar 27 status
24 socio 25 -
24 socio 27 status
26 economic 27 status

the hospital anxiety and depression [-] d scale and the royal free interview for religious and spiritual beliefs were used to assess depression and spiritual belief and practice respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 anxiety
2 hospital 3 anxiety
3 anxiety 4 and
4 and 8 scale
4 and 9 and
5 depression 7 d
5 depression 8 scale
9 and 13 interview
9 and 14 for
9 and 16 and
10 the 13 interview
11 royal 12 free
12 free 13 interview
14 for 15 religious
16 and 18 beliefs
16 and 19 were
17 spiritual 18 beliefs
19 were 20 used
20 used 21 to
20 used 22 assess
21 to 22 assess
22 assess 27 and
22 assess 29 respectively
23 depression 24 and
24 and 26 belief
24 and 27 and
25 spiritual 26 belief
27 and 28 practice

in addition social support , physical functioning and the presence of chronic diseases were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 4 support
1 in 5 ,
1 in 8 and
2 addition 4 support
3 social 4 support
6 physical 7 functioning
6 physical 8 and
8 and 10 presence
8 and 11 of
8 and 14 were
9 the 10 presence
11 of 13 diseases
12 chronic 13 diseases
14 were 15 assessed

one year later , follow - up interviews were conducted with 58 of the original sample in bulgaria , in which additional measures of depression [and] of spiritual belief and practice were also included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 one 2 year
2 year 3 later
3 later 4 ,
3 later 5 follow
6 - 8 interviews
6 - 10 conducted
7 up 8 interviews
8 interviews 9 were
9 were 10 conducted
10 conducted 11 with
10 conducted 17 in
11 with 12 58
12 58 13 of
13 of 16 sample
14 the 16 sample
15 original 16 sample
17 in 18 bulgaria
18 bulgaria 20 in
19 , 20 in
20 in 21 which
20 in 23 measures
20 in 34 included
20 in 35 .
22 additional 23 measures
23 measures 24 of
23 measures 27 of
23 measures 32 were
24 of 25 depression
27 of 30 and
28 spiritual 29 belief
29 belief 30 and
30 and 31 practice
32 were 33 also
32 were 34 included
34 included 35 .

however , analyses from both [the] cross - sectional study and the one [-] year follow - up of the bulgarian sample do suggest that spiritual belief and [practice] may both influence [and] [reflect] physical and mental illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 from
3 analyses 7 cross
4 from 5 both
8 - 11 and
8 - 16 follow
8 - 17 -
9 sectional 10 study
10 study 11 and
11 and 15 year
11 and 16 follow
12 the 13 one
13 one 15 year
17 - 22 sample
17 - 28 and
18 up 22 sample
19 of 21 bulgarian
19 of 22 sample
20 the 21 bulgarian
22 sample 28 and
23 do 24 suggest
23 do 28 and
24 suggest 27 belief
25 that 27 belief
26 spiritual 27 belief
28 and 30 may
30 may 32 influence
31 both 32 influence
32 influence 36 and
35 physical 36 and
36 and 38 illness
36 and 39 .
37 mental 38 illness

conclusions : much of eastern europe displays high rates of depression among its older population and provides opportunities for investigation of the role of religious belief and practice in preventing and coping with depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
2 : 3 much
2 : 16 and
3 much 4 of
3 much 16 and
4 of 6 europe
5 eastern 6 europe
7 displays 9 rates
7 displays 12 among
7 displays 16 and
8 high 9 rates
9 rates 10 of
10 of 11 depression
12 among 15 population
13 its 15 population
14 older 15 population
16 and 17 provides
16 and 19 for
16 and 29 in
16 and 33 with
17 provides 18 opportunities
19 for 20 investigation
20 investigation 21 of
20 investigation 24 of
21 of 23 role
22 the 23 role
24 of 27 and
25 religious 26 belief
26 belief 27 and
27 and 28 practice
29 in 31 and
30 preventing 31 and
31 and 32 coping
33 with 34 depression

further research is encouraged in populations of diverse religiosity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 encouraged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 further 2 research
2 research 3 is
3 is 4 encouraged
4 encouraged 5 in
5 in 6 populations
6 populations 7 of
7 of 9 religiosity
8 diverse 9 religiosity

objectives : peaceful mind , a [cognitive] - behavioral therapy for treating anxiety in persons with dementia , is a promising new treatment currently under investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 4 mind
3 peaceful 4 mind
4 mind 8 -
5 , 8 -
6 a 8 -
8 - 10 therapy
8 - 18 ,
9 behavioral 10 therapy
10 therapy 11 for
11 for 12 treating
12 treating 13 anxiety
12 treating 14 in
12 treating 16 with
14 in 15 persons
16 with 17 dementia
18 , 19 is
19 is 23 treatment
19 is 24 currently
19 is 25 under
20 a 23 treatment
21 promising 23 treatment
22 new 23 treatment
25 under 26 investigation

this article reports results of our examination of a modification of the treatment protocol in two cases that included multiple caregivers in treating two persons with dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reports
3 reports 4 results
3 reports 15 in
3 reports 22 in
3 reports 26 with
4 results 5 of
4 results 8 of
5 of 7 examination
6 our 7 examination
8 of 10 modification
9 a 10 modification
10 modification 11 of
11 of 14 protocol
12 the 14 protocol
13 treatment 14 protocol
15 in 17 cases
16 two 17 cases
17 cases 18 that
17 cases 19 included
18 that 19 included
19 included 21 caregivers
20 multiple 21 caregivers
22 in 23 treating
23 treating 25 persons
24 two 25 persons
26 with 27 dementia

method : two case presentations of the benefits and challenges of including multiple caregivers in treatment are discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 method 2 :
2 : 5 presentations
3 two 5 presentations
4 case 5 presentations
5 presentations 6 of
6 of 8 benefits
7 the 8 benefits
9 and 10 challenges
9 and 18 discussed
10 challenges 11 of
10 challenges 17 are
11 of 12 including
12 including 14 caregivers
12 including 15 in
13 multiple 14 caregivers
15 in 16 treatment
17 are 18 discussed

treatment outcome data for these cases were collected as part of a larger investigation of peaceful mind . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 treatment 3 data
2 outcome 3 data
3 data 4 for
3 data 7 were
4 for 6 cases
5 these 6 cases
7 were 8 collected
8 collected 9 as
9 as 10 part
10 part 11 of
11 of 14 investigation
12 a 14 investigation
13 larger 14 investigation
14 investigation 15 of
15 of 17 mind
16 peaceful 17 mind

results : the involvement of multiple collaterals resulted in several benefits , including increased family communication , as well as increased opportunities for the practice of new skills . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 4 involvement
2 : 8 resulted
3 the 4 involvement
4 involvement 5 of
4 involvement 8 resulted
5 of 7 collaterals
6 multiple 7 collaterals
8 resulted 9 in
8 resulted 13 including
8 resulted 19 well
8 resulted 20 as
9 in 11 benefits
10 several 11 benefits
12 , 13 including
13 including 16 communication
13 including 17 ,
14 increased 15 family
15 family 16 communication
18 as 19 well
20 as 21 increased
21 increased 22 opportunities
22 opportunities 23 for
22 opportunities 26 of
23 for 25 practice
24 the 25 practice
26 of 28 skills
27 new 28 skills

these cases have also presented unique challenges requiring alterations in therapy structure and attention to issues of family conflict . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 2 cases
2 cases 3 have
3 have 5 presented
4 also 5 presented
5 presented 7 challenges
5 presented 10 in
5 presented 15 to
6 unique 7 challenges
7 challenges 8 requiring
8 requiring 9 alterations
10 in 13 and
11 therapy 12 structure
12 structure 13 and
13 and 14 attention
15 to 16 issues
16 issues 17 of
17 of 19 conflict
18 family 19 conflict

conclusions : including multiple collaterals in cognitive - behavioral therapy for treating anxiety in persons with dementia is feasible and may be beneficial in maximizing treatment gains and increasing the family 's investment in therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 3 including
2 : 20 and
2 : 28 and
2 : 32 's
3 including 5 collaterals
3 including 14 in
3 including 20 and
4 multiple 5 collaterals
5 collaterals 6 in
6 in 10 therapy
7 cognitive 8 -
7 cognitive 10 therapy
9 behavioral 10 therapy
10 therapy 11 for
11 for 13 anxiety
12 treating 13 anxiety
14 in 15 persons
15 persons 16 with
16 with 17 dementia
18 is 19 feasible
18 is 20 and
20 and 21 may
20 and 27 gains
21 may 22 be
22 be 23 beneficial
23 beneficial 24 in
24 in 25 maximizing
25 maximizing 26 treatment
28 and 29 increasing
28 and 32 's
29 increasing 31 family
29 increasing 32 's
30 the 31 family
32 's 33 investment
33 investment 34 in
34 in 35 therapy

none the potential for development of biomedical technologies capable of extending the human lifespan raises at least two kinds of question that it is important both to distinguish and to connect with one another : scientific , factual questions regarding the feasibility of life extension interventions [;] and questions concerning the ethical issues related to the extension of life - and healthspans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 related
2 the 3 potential
2 the 6 of
2 the 9 capable
2 the 48 and
3 potential 4 for
4 for 5 development
6 of 8 technologies
7 biomedical 8 technologies
9 capable 10 of
10 of 11 extending
11 extending 14 lifespan
12 the 14 lifespan
13 human 14 lifespan
15 raises 20 of
15 raises 48 and
16 at 17 least
17 least 18 two
18 two 20 of
19 kinds 20 of
20 of 21 question
20 of 22 that
20 of 31 connect
22 that 23 it
22 that 29 and
23 it 24 is
24 is 25 important
25 important 27 to
26 both 27 to
27 to 29 and
28 distinguish 29 and
29 and 30 to
29 and 31 connect
30 to 31 connect
31 connect 32 with
32 with 33 one
32 with 39 questions
33 one 34 another
33 one 35 :
34 another 35 :
36 scientific 37 ,
36 scientific 39 questions
38 factual 39 questions
39 questions 40 regarding
40 regarding 42 feasibility
41 the 42 feasibility
42 feasibility 43 of
43 of 46 interventions
44 life 46 interventions
45 extension 46 interventions
48 and 49 questions
49 questions 50 concerning
49 questions 54 related
50 concerning 53 issues
50 concerning 54 related
51 the 53 issues
52 ethical 53 issues
54 related 55 to
54 related 63 .
55 to 57 extension
56 the 57 extension
57 extension 58 of
58 of 61 and
59 life 61 and
60 - 61 and
61 and 62 healthspans

this paper provides an account of some life extension interventions considered to be amongst the most promising , and presents the ethical questions raised by the prospect of their pursuit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 19 and
3 provides 5 account
3 provides 19 and
4 an 5 account
5 account 6 of
5 account 11 considered
6 of 10 interventions
7 some 10 interventions
8 life 9 extension
9 extension 10 interventions
11 considered 12 to
11 considered 13 be
12 to 13 be
13 be 14 amongst
13 be 17 promising
14 amongst 16 most
15 the 16 most
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 presents
20 presents 23 questions
21 the 23 questions
22 ethical 23 questions
23 questions 24 raised
23 questions 28 of
24 raised 25 by
25 by 27 prospect
26 the 27 prospect
28 of 30 pursuit
29 their 30 pursuit

it is suggested that problems concerning the effects of these technologies on health care resources and on intergenerational relationships will be the most difficult to tackle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 suggested
3 suggested 4 that
4 that 5 problems
4 that 21 be
5 problems 6 concerning
5 problems 9 of
5 problems 20 will
6 concerning 8 effects
7 the 8 effects
9 of 11 technologies
10 these 11 technologies
11 technologies 16 and
12 on 15 resources
12 on 16 and
13 health 14 care
14 care 15 resources
16 and 17 on
17 on 19 relationships
18 intergenerational 19 relationships
20 will 21 be
21 be 23 most
21 be 24 difficult
22 the 23 most
24 difficult 25 to
24 difficult 26 tackle
25 to 26 tackle

none the purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of grewia gum ( gg ) as a suspending agent [in] pharmaceutical oral formulation using ibuprofen [as] model drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 grewia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 none 3 purpose
1 none 12 of
1 none 13 grewia
2 the 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 of
3 purpose 7 was
4 of 6 work
5 this 6 work
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 evaluate
8 to 9 evaluate
9 evaluate 11 potential
10 the 11 potential
11 potential 12 of
13 grewia 14 gum
13 grewia 18 as
14 gum 16 gg
15 ( 16 gg
16 gg 17 )
18 as 30 drug
19 a 30 drug
20 suspending 21 agent
21 agent 25 formulation
23 pharmaceutical 24 oral
24 oral 25 formulation
25 formulation 27 ibuprofen
26 using 27 ibuprofen
27 ibuprofen 30 drug
29 model 30 drug

ibuprofen pediatric suspension ( 25 mg/5 [ml] ) was formulated with grewia gum ( 0.5 % [w/v] ) as the suspending agent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suspension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 formulated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 ibuprofen 3 suspension
2 pediatric 3 suspension
3 suspension 6 mg/5
3 suspension 9 was
4 ( 6 mg/5
5 25 6 mg/5
6 mg/5 8 )
9 was 10 formulated
10 formulated 11 with
10 formulated 19 as
11 with 13 gum
12 grewia 13 gum
13 gum 16 %
14 ( 16 %
15 0.5 16 %
16 % 18 )
19 as 22 agent
20 the 22 agent
21 suspending 22 agent

similar suspensions of ibuprofen containing either sodium carboxymethylcellulose ( na - cmc ) or hydroxymethylpropylcellulose ( hpmc ) were also produced . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suspensions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 produced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 similar 2 suspensions
2 suspensions 3 of
2 suspensions 5 containing
2 suspensions 19 were
3 of 4 ibuprofen
5 containing 8 carboxymethylcellulose
6 either 8 carboxymethylcellulose
7 sodium 8 carboxymethylcellulose
8 carboxymethylcellulose 14 or
9 ( 14 or
10 na 12 cmc
11 - 12 cmc
12 cmc 13 )
12 cmc 14 or
14 or 15 hydroxymethylpropylcellulose
14 or 17 hpmc
14 or 18 )
16 ( 17 hpmc
17 hpmc 18 )
19 were 20 also
19 were 21 produced

the suspensions were evaluated for ease of redispersion , sedimentation , rheological properties , and the effect of aging on the rheological properties at 25 °c . the particle size and particle size distributions of the dispersed solute were determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suspensions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 suspensions
2 suspensions 3 were
3 were 4 evaluated
4 evaluated 5 for
4 evaluated 20 on
4 evaluated 24 at
5 for 15 and
6 ease 7 of
6 ease 15 and
7 of 8 redispersion
8 redispersion 10 sedimentation
8 redispersion 13 properties
9 , 10 sedimentation
10 sedimentation 11 ,
11 , 13 properties
12 rheological 13 properties
13 properties 14 ,
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 effect
15 and 18 of
16 the 17 effect
18 of 19 aging
20 on 23 properties
21 the 23 properties
22 rheological 23 properties
24 at 26 °c
25 25 26 °c
27 . 30 size
27 . 31 and
28 the 30 size
29 particle 30 size
31 and 34 distributions
31 and 40 determined
32 particle 33 size
33 size 34 distributions
34 distributions 35 of
34 distributions 39 were
35 of 38 solute
36 the 38 solute
37 dispersed 38 solute
39 were 40 determined

the redispersion time was 19 , 11 , [and] 0.5 min , respectively , for formulation containing na - cmc , hpmc , and gg . the sedimentation volumes were 0.05 , 0.05 [,] and 0.125 ml , respectively , for na - cmc , hpmc , and gg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 3 time
2 redispersion 3 time
3 time 4 was
4 was 5 19
4 was 13 respectively
4 was 15 for
5 19 7 11
6 , 7 11
7 11 11 min
7 11 12 ,
8 , 11 min
10 0.5 11 min
11 min 12 ,
12 , 13 respectively
13 respectively 14 ,
15 for 24 and
16 formulation 17 containing
16 formulation 24 and
17 containing 22 hpmc
18 na 20 cmc
19 - 20 cmc
20 cmc 21 ,
20 cmc 22 hpmc
21 , 22 hpmc
22 hpmc 23 ,
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 gg
26 . 29 volumes
26 . 30 were
27 the 29 volumes
28 sedimentation 29 volumes
29 volumes 30 were
30 were 31 0.05
30 were 39 respectively
30 were 41 for
31 0.05 37 ml
32 , 37 ml
33 0.05 35 and
35 and 36 0.125
35 and 37 ml
37 ml 38 ,
38 , 39 respectively
39 respectively 40 ,
41 for 49 gg
42 na 44 cmc
43 - 44 cmc
44 cmc 46 hpmc
45 , 46 hpmc
46 hpmc 47 ,
46 hpmc 48 and
48 and 49 gg

the particles size was 72.72 , 73.82 , 81.93 [,] and 83.41 μm , respectively , for suspensions containing na - cmc , ibuprofen alone , hpmc , and gg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 size
2 particles 3 size
3 size 4 was
4 was 5 72.72
4 was 15 respectively
4 was 17 for
5 72.72 7 73.82
6 , 7 73.82
7 73.82 13 μm
7 73.82 14 ,
8 , 13 μm
9 81.93 11 and
11 and 12 83.41
11 and 13 μm
13 μm 14 ,
14 , 15 respectively
15 respectively 16 ,
17 for 29 and
18 suspensions 19 containing
18 suspensions 29 and
19 containing 20 na
20 na 22 cmc
21 - 22 cmc
22 cmc 24 ibuprofen
22 cmc 27 hpmc
22 cmc 28 ,
23 , 24 ibuprofen
24 ibuprofen 25 alone
24 ibuprofen 26 ,
26 , 27 hpmc
27 hpmc 28 ,
29 and 30 gg

[greatest] hysteresis [was] observed in formulation containing hpmc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 observed
2 hysteresis 4 observed
4 observed 5 in
4 observed 9 .
5 in 6 formulation
6 formulation 7 containing
7 containing 8 hpmc

all the formulations were stable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 all 2 the
1 all 3 formulations
1 all 4 were
2 the 3 formulations
4 were 5 stable

it was our conclusion that the difference in the physicochemical properties of ibuprofen pediatric formulations was influenced more by the suspending agent used in the formulations than the drug . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 4 conclusion
3 our 4 conclusion
4 conclusion 5 that
5 that 7 difference
5 that 17 influenced
6 the 7 difference
7 difference 8 in
7 difference 16 was
8 in 11 properties
9 the 11 properties
10 physicochemical 11 properties
11 properties 12 of
12 of 15 formulations
13 ibuprofen 15 formulations
14 pediatric 15 formulations
16 was 17 influenced
17 influenced 18 more
17 influenced 19 by
17 influenced 27 than
19 by 22 agent
20 the 22 agent
21 suspending 22 agent
22 agent 23 used
23 used 24 in
24 in 26 formulations
25 the 26 formulations
27 than 29 drug
28 the 29 drug

gg combined better redispersion with minimal changes in viscosity on storage compared to na - cmc and hpmc as suspending agent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 gg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 combined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 gg 2 combined
2 combined 4 redispersion
2 combined 13 to
3 better 4 redispersion
4 redispersion 5 with
4 redispersion 8 in
4 redispersion 12 compared
5 with 7 changes
6 minimal 7 changes
8 in 9 viscosity
9 viscosity 10 on
10 on 11 storage
13 to 17 and
14 na 16 cmc
15 - 16 cmc
16 cmc 17 and
17 and 18 hpmc
17 and 19 as
19 as 21 agent
20 suspending 21 agent

thus gg may serve as a good suspending agent requiring no further aid in suspension redispersibility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 gg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 thus 2 gg
2 gg 3 may
3 may 4 serve
4 serve 5 as
5 as 9 agent
6 a 7 good
6 a 9 agent
7 good 9 agent
8 suspending 9 agent
9 agent 10 requiring
10 requiring 13 aid
10 requiring 14 in
11 no 13 aid
12 further 13 aid
14 in 16 redispersibility
15 suspension 16 redispersibility

atrophic facial acne scarring is a widely prevalent condition that can have a negative impact on a patient 's quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 scarring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 atrophic 3 acne
2 facial 3 acne
3 acne 4 scarring
4 scarring 5 is
5 is 9 condition
6 a 9 condition
7 widely 8 prevalent
8 prevalent 9 condition
9 condition 10 that
9 condition 11 can
10 that 11 can
11 can 12 have
12 have 15 impact
13 a 15 impact
14 negative 15 impact
15 impact 16 on
16 on 20 quality
17 a 18 patient
18 patient 19 's
19 's 20 quality
20 quality 21 of
21 of 22 life

the appearance of these scars is often worsened by the normal effects of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appearance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 worsened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 appearance
2 appearance 3 of
2 appearance 6 is
3 of 5 scars
4 these 5 scars
6 is 7 often
6 is 8 worsened
8 worsened 9 by
9 by 12 effects
10 the 12 effects
11 normal 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 aging

a number of options are available for the treatment of acne scarring , including chemical peeling , dermabrasion , ablative or nonablative laser resurfacing , dermal fillers , and surgical techniques such as subcision or punch excision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 options
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 4 options
3 of 4 options
4 options 5 are
5 are 6 available
6 available 7 for
7 for 9 treatment
8 the 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 of
10 of 11 acne
11 acne 12 scarring
12 scarring 14 including
12 scarring 18 dermabrasion
13 , 14 including
14 including 16 peeling
14 including 17 ,
15 chemical 16 peeling
19 , 29 and
20 ablative 21 or
21 or 23 laser
21 or 24 resurfacing
21 or 27 fillers
21 or 29 and
22 nonablative 23 laser
25 , 27 fillers
26 dermal 27 fillers
27 fillers 28 ,
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 techniques
29 and 33 as
30 surgical 31 techniques
32 such 33 as
33 as 37 excision
34 subcision 35 or
35 or 36 punch
35 or 37 excision

depending on the type and extent of scarring , a multimodal approach is generally necessary to provide satisfactory results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 approach
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 depending 2 on
1 depending 9 ,
1 depending 12 approach
2 on 5 and
3 the 4 type
4 type 5 and
5 and 6 extent
5 and 7 of
7 of 8 scarring
10 a 11 multimodal
10 a 12 approach
11 multimodal 12 approach
12 approach 13 is
13 is 14 generally
13 is 15 necessary
15 necessary 16 to
15 necessary 17 provide
16 to 17 provide
17 provide 19 results
18 satisfactory 19 results

resurfacing techniques correct surface irregularities , long - lasting dermal fillers address the volume loss resulting from acne , and sub - superficial musculoaponeurotic [system] ( smas ) face - lift procedures counter the soft tissue laxity and ptosis associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 irregularities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 resurfacing 5 irregularities
2 techniques 5 irregularities
3 correct 4 surface
4 surface 5 irregularities
6 , 11 fillers
6 , 12 address
6 , 22 -
7 long 8 -
7 long 11 fillers
9 lasting 11 fillers
10 dermal 11 fillers
11 fillers 12 address
12 address 20 and
13 the 20 and
14 volume 15 loss
15 loss 16 resulting
15 loss 20 and
16 resulting 17 from
17 from 18 acne
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 sub
22 - 29 face
22 - 30 -
22 - 43 .
23 superficial 29 face
24 musculoaponeurotic 27 smas
24 musculoaponeurotic 29 face
26 ( 27 smas
27 smas 28 )
30 - 32 procedures
30 - 33 counter
30 - 38 and
31 lift 32 procedures
32 procedures 33 counter
33 counter 37 laxity
34 the 37 laxity
35 soft 37 laxity
36 tissue 37 laxity
38 and 39 ptosis
38 and 40 associated
39 ptosis 40 associated
40 associated 41 with
41 with 42 aging

this article briefly reviews the evolution of individual approaches to treating atrophic acne scarring , followed by case examples illustrating results that can be achieved using a multimodal approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 15 ,
3 briefly 4 reviews
4 reviews 6 evolution
4 reviews 10 to
4 reviews 15 ,
5 the 6 evolution
6 evolution 7 of
7 of 9 approaches
8 individual 9 approaches
10 to 11 treating
11 treating 14 scarring
12 atrophic 13 acne
13 acne 14 scarring
15 , 16 followed
15 , 17 by
15 , 26 using
17 by 19 examples
18 case 19 examples
19 examples 20 illustrating
19 examples 22 that
19 examples 23 can
20 illustrating 21 results
22 that 23 can
23 can 24 be
24 be 25 achieved
26 using 29 approach
27 a 28 multimodal
27 a 29 approach
28 multimodal 29 approach

representative cases [from] patients in [their] 30 s , 40 s , and 50 s are presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 representative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 representative 2 cases
2 cases 4 patients
4 patients 5 in
4 patients 11 s
5 in 8 s
7 30 8 s
9 , 11 s
10 40 11 s
11 s 12 ,
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 s
13 and 17 presented
14 50 15 s
15 s 16 are
16 are 17 presented

in the author 's clinical practice , multimodal approaches incorporating fractionated laser , injectable poly - l : - lactic acid , and sub - smas face - lift procedures have achieved optimal aesthetic outcomes , high patient satisfaction , and durability of aesthetic effect over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 practice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
1 in 5 clinical
1 in 6 practice
2 the 3 author
3 author 4 's
4 's 5 clinical
7 , 12 laser
7 , 13 ,
8 multimodal 9 approaches
9 approaches 11 fractionated
10 incorporating 11 fractionated
11 fractionated 12 laser
13 , 17 l
13 , 18 :
13 , 19 -
14 injectable 15 poly
14 injectable 16 -
14 injectable 17 l
17 l 18 :
19 - 23 and
19 - 25 -
20 lactic 21 acid
21 acid 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 sub
25 - 27 face
25 - 28 -
25 - 48 .
26 smas 27 face
28 - 30 procedures
28 - 32 achieved
29 lift 30 procedures
30 procedures 31 have
31 have 32 achieved
32 achieved 41 and
33 optimal 35 outcomes
34 aesthetic 35 outcomes
35 outcomes 36 ,
36 , 39 satisfaction
36 , 41 and
37 high 39 satisfaction
38 patient 39 satisfaction
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 durability
41 and 43 of
43 of 45 effect
44 aesthetic 45 effect
45 effect 46 over
46 over 47 time

in addition to excessive proliferation [,] reduced apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) plays a key role in aging - exaggerated neointima formation after vascular injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 to
2 addition 17 plays
3 to 8 apoptosis
4 excessive 8 apoptosis
5 proliferation 7 reduced
7 reduced 8 apoptosis
8 apoptosis 9 of
9 of 13 cells
10 vascular 12 muscle
11 smooth 12 muscle
12 muscle 13 cells
13 cells 15 vsmcs
14 ( 15 vsmcs
15 vsmcs 16 )
17 plays 20 role
17 plays 21 in
18 a 20 role
19 key 20 role
21 in 22 aging
23 - 26 formation
24 exaggerated 26 formation
25 neointima 26 formation
26 formation 27 after
27 after 29 injury
28 vascular 29 injury

our previous studies have shown that impaired expression of jagged1 in the endothelium may be a key event that leads to enhanced vsmc [proliferation] in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 3 studies
2 previous 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 8 expression
5 shown 15 be
6 that 7 impaired
7 impaired 8 expression
8 expression 9 of
8 expression 11 in
8 expression 14 may
9 of 10 jagged1
11 in 13 endothelium
12 the 13 endothelium
14 may 15 be
15 be 18 event
16 a 18 event
17 key 18 event
18 event 19 that
18 event 20 leads
19 that 20 leads
20 leads 21 to
20 leads 25 in
21 to 23 vsmc
22 enhanced 23 vsmc
25 in 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly

here , we are the first to investigate whether the expression of jagged1 in endothelial cells ( ecs ) may regulate apoptosis of vsmcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 are
4 are 6 first
5 the 6 first
6 first 7 to
6 first 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 whether
9 whether 11 expression
9 whether 21 regulate
10 the 11 expression
11 expression 12 of
11 expression 20 may
12 of 13 jagged1
13 jagged1 14 in
14 in 16 cells
15 endothelial 16 cells
16 cells 18 ecs
17 ( 18 ecs
18 ecs 19 )
20 may 21 regulate
21 regulate 22 apoptosis
22 apoptosis 23 of
23 of 24 vsmcs

we discovered that vsmcs co - cultured with senescent ecs exhibited decreased susceptibility to h₂o₂ - induced apoptosis compared with those co - cultured with young ecs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discovered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 discovered
2 discovered 3 that
3 that 5 co
3 that 17 induced
4 vsmcs 5 co
5 co 7 cultured
5 co 17 induced
6 - 7 cultured
7 cultured 8 with
7 cultured 16 -
8 with 9 senescent
9 senescent 12 decreased
10 ecs 11 exhibited
10 ecs 12 decreased
12 decreased 13 susceptibility
12 decreased 16 -
13 susceptibility 14 to
13 susceptibility 15 h₂o₂
14 to 15 h₂o₂
17 induced 18 apoptosis
17 induced 25 with
18 apoptosis 19 compared
19 compared 20 with
19 compared 23 -
19 compared 24 cultured
20 with 22 co
21 those 22 co
25 with 27 ecs
26 young 27 ecs

senescent ecs also displayed lower jagged1 expression compared to young ecs , which was more evident after h₂o₂ stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ecs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 senescent 2 ecs
2 ecs 4 displayed
2 ecs 5 lower
3 also 4 displayed
5 lower 7 expression
6 jagged1 7 expression
7 expression 8 compared
8 compared 9 to
9 to 11 ecs
10 young 11 ecs
12 , 13 which
12 , 14 was
13 which 14 was
14 was 16 evident
15 more 16 evident
16 evident 17 after
17 after 19 stimulation
18 h₂o₂ 19 stimulation

overexpression of jagged1 in senescent ecs significantly promoted h₂o₂ - induced apoptosis in the co - cultured vsmcs , whereas silencing jagged1 expression in young ecs reduced h2o2 - induced apoptosis in the co - cultured vsmcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overexpression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 cultured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
1 overexpression 2 of
1 overexpression 6 ecs
1 overexpression 9 h₂o₂
1 overexpression 12 apoptosis
1 overexpression 17 cultured
2 of 3 jagged1
3 jagged1 4 in
4 in 5 senescent
6 ecs 8 promoted
6 ecs 9 h₂o₂
7 significantly 8 promoted
10 - 12 apoptosis
11 induced 12 apoptosis
12 apoptosis 13 in
12 apoptosis 16 -
13 in 15 co
14 the 15 co
17 cultured 18 vsmcs
17 cultured 20 whereas
19 , 20 whereas
20 whereas 21 silencing
20 whereas 27 reduced
20 whereas 35 -
21 silencing 23 expression
21 silencing 27 reduced
22 jagged1 23 expression
23 expression 24 in
24 in 26 ecs
25 young 26 ecs
27 reduced 28 h2o2
28 h2o2 31 apoptosis
29 - 31 apoptosis
30 induced 31 apoptosis
31 apoptosis 32 in
31 apoptosis 35 -
32 in 34 co
33 the 34 co
35 - 37 vsmcs
35 - 38 .
36 cultured 37 vsmcs

our studies also revealed that jagged1 expressed in ecs exerted its pro - apoptotic activity by lowering expression of the anti - apoptotic protein bcl - 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 our 2 studies
2 studies 4 revealed
3 also 4 revealed
4 revealed 5 that
5 that 6 jagged1
5 that 10 exerted
6 jagged1 7 expressed
6 jagged1 10 exerted
7 expressed 8 in
8 in 9 ecs
10 exerted 12 pro
11 its 12 pro
13 - 15 activity
14 apoptotic 15 activity
15 activity 16 by
16 by 17 lowering
17 lowering 18 expression
17 lowering 27 2
18 expression 19 of
19 of 25 bcl
20 the 24 protein
21 anti 22 -
21 anti 24 protein
23 apoptotic 24 protein
24 protein 25 bcl
26 - 27 2

these results demonstrate that aging reduces the susceptibility of co - cultured vsmcs to h₂o₂ - induced apoptosis through impaired jagged1 expression in ecs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
3 demonstrate 6 reduces
4 that 5 aging
4 that 6 reduces
6 reduces 8 susceptibility
6 reduces 19 through
7 the 8 susceptibility
8 susceptibility 9 of
9 of 13 vsmcs
10 co 11 -
10 co 13 vsmcs
12 cultured 13 vsmcs
13 vsmcs 14 to
14 to 18 apoptosis
15 h₂o₂ 16 -
15 h₂o₂ 18 apoptosis
17 induced 18 apoptosis
19 through 22 expression
20 impaired 22 expression
21 jagged1 22 expression
22 expression 23 in
23 in 24 ecs

purpose : few studies have focused on the aging changes in the upper eyelid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 6 focused
2 : 15 .
3 few 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 focused
6 focused 7 on
6 focused 11 in
7 on 10 changes
8 the 10 changes
9 aging 10 changes
11 in 14 eyelid
12 the 14 eyelid
13 upper 14 eyelid

this study evaluated the differential changes in the nasal and central fat pads of the upper eyelid associated with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 evaluated
3 evaluated 6 changes
3 evaluated 7 in
3 evaluated 19 with
4 the 6 changes
5 differential 6 changes
7 in 13 pads
8 the 13 pads
9 nasal 10 and
10 and 11 central
10 and 13 pads
12 fat 13 pads
13 pads 14 of
14 of 17 eyelid
15 the 17 eyelid
16 upper 17 eyelid
17 eyelid 18 associated
19 with 20 aging

methods : in this retrospective , consecutive series , the medical records and photographs of 77 patients were reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 8 series
4 this 5 retrospective
5 retrospective 6 ,
5 retrospective 8 series
7 consecutive 8 series
9 , 13 and
9 , 19 reviewed
10 the 12 records
11 medical 12 records
12 records 13 and
13 and 14 photographs
13 and 18 were
14 photographs 15 of
15 of 17 patients
16 77 17 patients
18 were 19 reviewed

the patients were grouped in 7 categories according to decade [of] life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 grouped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 grouped
4 grouped 5 in
4 grouped 9 to
5 in 7 categories
6 7 7 categories
8 according 9 to
9 to 12 life
10 decade 12 life

using a standardized scale , the volume grade of the nasal and central fat pads was graded from 0 to 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 grade
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 graded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 using 4 scale
1 using 5 ,
1 using 8 grade
2 a 4 scale
3 standardized 4 scale
6 the 8 grade
7 volume 8 grade
8 grade 9 of
8 grade 16 was
9 of 15 pads
10 the 15 pads
11 nasal 12 and
12 and 13 central
12 and 15 pads
14 fat 15 pads
16 was 17 graded
17 graded 20 to
18 from 20 to
19 0 20 to
20 to 21 3

statistical evaluation correlating age with central and nasal fat pad change was performed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 statistical 4 age
2 evaluation 3 correlating
3 correlating 4 age
4 age 5 with
4 age 12 was
5 with 11 change
6 central 7 and
7 and 8 nasal
7 and 10 pad
9 fat 10 pad
10 pad 11 change
12 was 13 performed

results : with aging , the central fat pad volume appeared to diminish , with relative sparing of the nasal fat pad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 with
3 with 4 aging
5 , 10 volume
5 , 11 appeared
6 the 10 volume
7 central 8 fat
8 fat 10 volume
9 pad 10 volume
10 volume 11 appeared
11 appeared 12 to
11 appeared 13 diminish
12 to 13 diminish
13 diminish 15 with
14 , 15 with
15 with 17 sparing
15 with 23 .
16 relative 17 sparing
17 sparing 18 of
18 of 22 pad
19 the 22 pad
20 nasal 22 pad
21 fat 22 pad

there was a positive correlation of the volume grade of the nasal fat pad with age and a negative correlation of the central fat pad with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 correlation
3 a 5 correlation
4 positive 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 of
5 correlation 15 with
6 of 9 grade
7 the 9 grade
8 volume 9 grade
9 grade 10 of
10 of 14 pad
11 the 14 pad
12 nasal 13 fat
13 fat 14 pad
15 with 17 and
16 age 17 and
17 and 20 correlation
17 and 21 of
17 and 26 with
18 a 20 correlation
19 negative 20 correlation
21 of 25 pad
22 the 25 pad
23 central 25 pad
24 fat 25 pad
26 with 27 age

in addition , there was a statistically significant difference between the volume grades of the nasal and central fat pads in the groups 70 years and older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 was
5 was 9 difference
6 a 9 difference
7 statistically 8 significant
8 significant 9 difference
9 difference 10 between
9 difference 14 of
10 between 13 grades
11 the 13 grades
12 volume 13 grades
14 of 16 nasal
15 the 16 nasal
17 and 19 fat
17 and 20 pads
18 central 19 fat
19 fat 20 pads
20 pads 21 in
20 pads 24 70
20 pads 26 and
21 in 23 groups
22 the 23 groups
25 years 26 and
26 and 27 older

conclusions : with aging , there appears to be a pattern of differential fat pad alteration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 there
2 : 7 appears
2 : 17 .
3 with 4 aging
3 with 5 ,
3 with 6 there
6 there 7 appears
7 appears 8 to
7 appears 9 be
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 pattern
10 a 11 pattern
11 pattern 12 of
12 of 16 alteration
13 differential 14 fat
14 fat 16 alteration
15 pad 16 alteration

this study shows that in the upper eyelids of patients >70 years of age , the medial fat pad becomes prominent whereas the central fat pad atrophies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 shows
3 shows 4 that
4 that 8 eyelids
4 that 11 >70
5 in 7 upper
5 in 8 eyelids
6 the 7 upper
8 eyelids 9 of
8 eyelids 11 >70
9 of 10 patients
11 >70 12 years
12 years 13 of
13 of 14 age
15 , 19 pad
15 , 20 becomes
16 the 19 pad
17 medial 19 pad
18 fat 19 pad
19 pad 20 becomes
20 becomes 21 prominent
21 prominent 22 whereas
22 whereas 26 pad
22 whereas 27 atrophies
23 the 26 pad
24 central 26 pad
25 fat 26 pad
26 pad 27 atrophies

teleologically , the relative preservation of nasal fat may be due to its higher abundance of neural - crest progenitor cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 teleologically
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 , 5 preservation
2 , 10 be
3 the 5 preservation
4 relative 5 preservation
5 preservation 6 of
5 preservation 9 may
6 of 8 fat
7 nasal 8 fat
9 may 10 be
10 be 12 to
11 due 12 to
12 to 15 abundance
13 its 15 abundance
14 higher 15 abundance
15 abundance 16 of
16 of 21 cells
17 neural 18 -
17 neural 19 crest
19 crest 21 cells
20 progenitor 21 cells

clinically , this finding has implications in esthetic and functional upper eyelid blepharoplasty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 clinically 2 ,
1 clinically 4 finding
3 this 4 finding
4 finding 5 has
5 has 6 implications
5 has 7 in
7 in 13 blepharoplasty
8 esthetic 9 and
9 and 10 functional
9 and 11 upper
11 upper 13 blepharoplasty
12 eyelid 13 blepharoplasty

background : resections for elderly colorectal cancer ( crc ) are forecasted to grow , particularly in those beyond the age limit of screening ( >80 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 resections
2 : 12 forecasted
2 : 29 .
3 resections 4 for
3 resections 11 are
4 for 7 cancer
5 elderly 7 cancer
6 colorectal 7 cancer
7 cancer 9 crc
8 ( 9 crc
9 crc 10 )
11 are 12 forecasted
12 forecasted 13 to
12 forecasted 17 in
13 to 14 grow
15 , 16 particularly
15 , 17 in
17 in 18 those
17 in 28 )
18 those 19 beyond
19 beyond 22 limit
20 the 22 limit
21 age 22 limit
22 limit 23 of
23 of 24 screening
24 screening 27 years
25 ( 27 years
26 >80 27 years
27 years 28 )

however , literature on operative outcomes after crc procedures in the oldest old is focused primarily on operative mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 literature
3 literature 4 on
3 literature 14 is
4 on 6 outcomes
5 operative 6 outcomes
6 outcomes 7 after
7 after 9 procedures
8 crc 9 procedures
9 procedures 10 in
10 in 13 old
11 the 12 oldest
11 the 13 old
14 is 15 focused
15 focused 16 primarily
16 primarily 17 on
17 on 19 mortality
18 operative 19 mortality

we hypothesize that older age will additionally impact operative morbidity after crc resections in a multihospital , risk - adjusted database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 hypothesize
2 hypothesize 3 that
3 that 5 age
3 that 8 impact
4 older 5 age
5 age 6 will
6 will 8 impact
7 additionally 8 impact
8 impact 10 morbidity
8 impact 11 after
9 operative 10 morbidity
11 after 12 crc
11 after 13 resections
12 crc 13 resections
13 resections 14 in
14 in 21 database
15 a 21 database
16 multihospital 18 risk
16 multihospital 21 database
17 , 18 risk
18 risk 19 -
20 adjusted 21 database

study design : we identified 19,375 patients >40 years who underwent crc procedures in the 2005 to 2008 american college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program ( acs nsqip ) database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 study 2 design
3 : 4 we
3 : 5 identified
4 we 5 identified
5 identified 9 years
6 19,375 9 years
7 patients 9 years
8 >40 9 years
9 years 10 who
9 years 11 underwent
10 who 11 underwent
11 underwent 13 procedures
11 underwent 14 in
11 underwent 17 to
12 crc 13 procedures
14 in 16 2005
15 the 16 2005
17 to 20 college
18 2008 20 college
19 american 20 college
20 college 21 of
21 of 32 database
22 surgeons 23 national
23 national 24 surgical
24 surgical 25 quality
25 quality 26 improvement
26 improvement 27 program
27 program 30 nsqip
27 program 32 database
28 ( 30 nsqip
29 acs 30 nsqip
30 nsqip 31 )

[pre] - [,] [intra] - , and postoperative factors were compared by age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
2 - 5 -
5 - 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 factors
7 and 11 compared
8 postoperative 9 factors
9 factors 10 were
10 were 11 compared
11 compared 12 by
12 by 14 groups
13 age 14 groups

multivariable techniques were used to assess the effects of older age on operative outcome measures , adjusting for covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
1 multivariable 2 techniques
2 techniques 3 were
3 were 4 used
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 assess
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 8 effects
6 assess 12 on
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 11 age
10 older 11 age
12 on 15 measures
13 operative 15 measures
14 outcome 15 measures
15 measures 17 adjusting
16 , 17 adjusting
17 adjusting 18 for
17 adjusting 20 .
18 for 19 covariates

results : over 20 % of our cohort was older than 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 %
2 : 9 was
2 : 14 .
3 over 4 20
4 20 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 9 was
6 of 8 cohort
7 our 8 cohort
9 was 10 older
10 older 11 than
11 than 13 years
12 80 13 years

of those , 17 % developed major complications and 29 % experienced prolonged length [of] stay ( los ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 of 2 those
1 of 3 ,
1 of 5 %
4 17 5 %
5 % 6 developed
6 developed 9 and
7 major 8 complications
8 complications 9 and
9 and 16 stay
9 and 18 los
10 29 11 %
11 % 12 experienced
12 experienced 14 length
13 prolonged 14 length
14 length 16 stay
17 ( 18 los
18 los 19 )

these unadjusted comparisons persisted in multivariable analyses demonstrating that older age independently predicted worse operative outcomes after crc procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comparisons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 persisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 these 3 comparisons
2 unadjusted 3 comparisons
3 comparisons 4 persisted
4 persisted 5 in
5 in 7 analyses
6 multivariable 7 analyses
7 analyses 8 demonstrating
7 analyses 9 that
7 analyses 13 predicted
9 that 11 age
9 that 13 predicted
10 older 11 age
11 age 13 predicted
12 independently 13 predicted
13 predicted 16 outcomes
13 predicted 17 after
14 worse 16 outcomes
15 operative 16 outcomes
17 after 19 procedures
18 crc 19 procedures

conclusions : the effects of older age extend to other important outcome measures after crc procedures beyond operative mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 effects
2 : 8 extend
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 8 extend
5 of 7 age
6 older 7 age
8 extend 9 to
8 extend 14 after
8 extend 17 beyond
9 to 13 measures
10 other 13 measures
11 important 12 outcome
12 outcome 13 measures
14 after 16 procedures
15 crc 16 procedures
17 beyond 19 mortality
18 operative 19 mortality

as one of the largest multihospital studies , our study identified increased morbidity in the oldest old , a growing population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 as 2 one
1 as 8 ,
1 as 10 study
2 one 3 of
3 of 7 studies
4 the 5 largest
4 the 7 studies
6 multihospital 7 studies
9 our 10 study
10 study 11 identified
10 study 12 increased
12 increased 13 morbidity
12 increased 14 in
14 in 17 old
15 the 16 oldest
15 the 17 old
18 , 21 population
19 a 21 population
20 growing 21 population

our results should stimulate review of current policy and resource allocation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 stimulate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 should
3 should 4 stimulate
4 stimulate 5 review
5 review 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 current 8 policy
8 policy 9 and
9 and 11 allocation
10 resource 11 allocation

the aim of this study is to develop strategies to screen diabetic subjects with isolated postload hyperglycemia ( iph ) in chinese population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 screen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 is
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 develop
7 to 8 develop
8 develop 9 strategies
8 develop 10 to
10 to 11 screen
11 screen 13 subjects
11 screen 14 with
12 diabetic 13 subjects
14 with 17 hyperglycemia
14 with 21 in
15 isolated 17 hyperglycemia
16 postload 17 hyperglycemia
17 hyperglycemia 19 iph
18 ( 19 iph
19 iph 20 )
21 in 23 population
22 chinese 23 population

we included 1175 adult subjects who did not report diabetes were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 included
2 included 5 subjects
3 1175 5 subjects
4 adult 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 who
5 subjects 7 did
6 who 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 report
9 report 10 diabetes
9 report 12 included
10 diabetes 11 were
11 were 12 included

diabetes was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 diabetes 2 was
2 was 3 diagnosed
3 diagnosed 4 by
4 by 8 tests
5 oral 6 glucose
6 glucose 8 tests
7 tolerance 8 tests

iph was defined as fasting plasma glucose ( fpg )<7 [mmol/l] and 2 [-] hour post - load plasma glucose ( 2hpg ) greater than 11.1 mmol/l . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 iph
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 iph 2 was
2 was 7 glucose
2 was 27 mmol/l
3 defined 6 plasma
4 as 5 fasting
5 fasting 6 plasma
6 plasma 7 glucose
7 glucose 12 and
7 glucose 20 glucose
8 ( 12 and
9 fpg 10 )<7
10 )<7 12 and
12 and 16 post
12 and 17 -
13 2 15 hour
15 hour 16 post
17 - 20 glucose
18 load 20 glucose
19 plasma 20 glucose
20 glucose 22 2hpg
20 glucose 23 )
21 ( 22 2hpg
22 2hpg 23 )
24 greater 25 than
25 than 26 11.1
26 11.1 27 mmol/l

using fpg criteria , only 59.8 % of diabetic subjects were not identified , showing a poor agreement between fpg and 2hpg criteria ( kappa 0.294 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 using 3 criteria
1 using 4 ,
1 using 7 %
2 fpg 3 criteria
5 only 6 59.8
6 59.8 7 %
7 % 8 of
7 % 11 were
8 of 10 subjects
9 diabetic 10 subjects
11 were 12 not
11 were 13 identified
13 identified 15 showing
14 , 15 showing
15 showing 18 agreement
15 showing 27 )
16 a 17 poor
16 a 18 agreement
17 poor 18 agreement
18 agreement 19 between
18 agreement 25 kappa
19 between 21 and
20 fpg 21 and
21 and 23 criteria
22 2hpg 23 criteria
24 ( 25 kappa
25 kappa 26 0.294
25 kappa 27 )

age , fpg , total cholesterol , triglycerides , blood pressure , body mass index , hba1c and medication for hypertension [were] associated factors for iph . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 fpg
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 triglycerides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 age 3 fpg
2 , 3 fpg
3 fpg 6 cholesterol
3 fpg 8 triglycerides
4 , 6 cholesterol
5 total 6 cholesterol
6 cholesterol 7 ,
9 , 18 and
10 blood 11 pressure
11 pressure 12 ,
12 , 15 index
12 , 16 ,
13 body 15 index
14 mass 15 index
16 , 17 hba1c
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 medication
18 and 20 for
18 and 25 for
20 for 24 factors
21 hypertension 23 associated
23 associated 24 factors
25 for 26 iph

four scores were constructed using all these factors , age and blood test results , age and hba1c , and data [from] [non] - invasive examinations , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 constructed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 four 2 scores
2 scores 3 were
3 were 4 constructed
4 constructed 5 using
5 using 6 all
5 using 24 -
5 using 28 respectively
6 all 7 these
6 all 8 factors
7 these 8 factors
9 , 24 -
10 age 11 and
11 and 12 blood
11 and 13 test
13 test 20 and
13 test 24 -
14 results 15 ,
15 , 16 age
15 , 17 and
17 and 18 hba1c
17 and 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 data
20 and 24 -
24 - 26 examinations
24 - 27 ,
25 invasive 26 examinations

the area under the roc curve were 0.9296 ( 95%ci 0.8948 - 0.9643 ) , 0.9111 ( 95%ci 0.8713 - 0.9508 ) , 0.8902 ( 95%ci 0.8341 - 0.9646 ) , 0.8924 ( 95%ci 0.7835 - 0.8753 ) , [and] 0.8654 ( 95%ci 0.7963 - 0.9345 ) for score 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 [,] and hba1c , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 the 2 area
2 area 3 under
2 area 7 were
3 under 6 curve
4 the 6 curve
5 roc 6 curve
7 were 8 0.9296
7 were 48 for
7 were 61 respectively
8 0.9296 10 95%ci
8 0.9296 16 0.9111
9 ( 10 95%ci
10 95%ci 12 -
10 95%ci 14 )
11 0.8948 12 -
12 - 13 0.9643
15 , 16 0.9111
16 0.9111 18 95%ci
16 0.9111 24 0.8902
16 0.9111 47 )
17 ( 18 95%ci
18 95%ci 20 -
18 95%ci 22 )
19 0.8713 20 -
20 - 21 0.9508
23 , 24 0.8902
24 0.8902 26 95%ci
24 0.8902 47 )
25 ( 26 95%ci
26 95%ci 27 0.8341
26 95%ci 29 0.9646
26 95%ci 32 0.8924
26 95%ci 41 0.8654
26 95%ci 47 )
28 - 29 0.9646
29 0.9646 30 )
31 , 32 0.8924
32 0.8924 34 95%ci
32 0.8924 38 )
33 ( 34 95%ci
34 95%ci 36 -
34 95%ci 38 )
35 0.7835 36 -
36 - 37 0.8753
39 , 41 0.8654
41 0.8654 43 95%ci
41 0.8654 47 )
42 ( 43 95%ci
43 95%ci 45 -
43 95%ci 47 )
44 0.7963 45 -
45 - 46 0.9345
48 for 49 score
49 score 50 1
49 score 52 2
49 score 59 hba1c
51 , 52 2
52 2 54 3
52 2 55 ,
53 , 54 3
54 3 55 ,
55 , 59 hba1c
56 4 58 and
58 and 59 hba1c
59 hba1c 60 ,

the sensitivity of all four risk scores to detect iph was better than that of impaired fasting glucose ( ifg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 of
2 sensitivity 8 to
2 sensitivity 9 detect
2 sensitivity 11 was
3 of 4 all
4 all 6 risk
4 all 7 scores
5 four 6 risk
6 risk 7 scores
8 to 9 detect
9 detect 10 iph
11 was 12 better
12 better 13 than
13 than 14 that
13 than 15 of
15 of 18 glucose
16 impaired 18 glucose
17 fasting 18 glucose
18 glucose 20 ifg
19 ( 20 ifg
20 ifg 21 )

the sensitivity and specificity of hba1c at cutoff 6.2 % for detecting iph was also better than that of ifg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 sensitivity
2 sensitivity 3 and
3 and 4 specificity
3 and 10 %
3 and 14 was
4 specificity 5 of
5 of 6 hba1c
6 hba1c 7 at
7 at 8 cutoff
9 6.2 10 %
10 % 11 for
10 % 14 was
11 for 12 detecting
12 detecting 13 iph
14 was 15 also
14 was 16 better
14 was 17 than
17 than 18 that
17 than 19 of
19 of 20 ifg

in conclusion , the risk scores and hba1c are useful to identify subjects with undiagnosed iph , with better performance than ifg . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 6 scores
3 , 7 and
4 the 6 scores
5 risk 6 scores
7 and 8 hba1c
7 and 9 are
9 are 10 useful
10 useful 11 to
10 useful 12 identify
11 to 12 identify
12 identify 13 subjects
12 identify 14 with
14 with 16 iph
15 undiagnosed 16 iph
16 iph 18 with
17 , 18 with
18 with 20 performance
18 with 21 than
18 with 22 ifg
18 with 23 .
19 better 20 performance

older adults [(] o [ )(may have a longer phase i pulmonary [o] ( 2 ) uptake kinetics ( vo ( 2 ) [(] [p] ) [ )(than young adults ( y ) ; this may affect parameter estimates of phase ii [vo] ( 2 ) [(] [p] [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 )(
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 o
2 adults 6 )(may
6 )(may 7 have
7 have 10 phase
7 have 28 )(than
8 a 10 phase
9 longer 10 phase
10 phase 11 i
10 phase 17 uptake
10 phase 18 kinetics
10 phase 20 vo
12 pulmonary 15 2
12 pulmonary 17 uptake
14 ( 15 2
15 2 16 )
17 uptake 18 kinetics
19 ( 20 vo
20 vo 22 2
20 vo 26 )
21 ( 22 2
22 2 23 )
28 )(than 30 adults
29 young 30 adults
30 adults 32 y
31 ( 32 y
32 y 33 )
34 ; 35 this
34 ; 37 affect
35 this 36 may
36 may 37 affect
37 affect 39 estimates
38 parameter 39 estimates
39 estimates 40 of
40 of 41 phase
41 phase 42 ii
41 phase 45 2
44 ( 45 2
45 2 46 )

vo ( 2 [ )( [p] ) was measured breath - by [-] breath in [19] o ( 68 ± 6 yr [;] mean ± sd ) and 19 y [(] 24 ± 5 yr [ )(using a volume turbine and mass spectrometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 vo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 spectrometer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 vo 3 2
1 vo 8 was
2 ( 3 2
3 2 7 )
8 was 10 breath
9 measured 10 breath
10 breath 12 by
11 - 12 by
12 by 14 breath
12 by 27 )
14 breath 15 in
14 breath 26 sd
15 in 17 o
18 ( 26 sd
19 68 20 ±
20 ± 25 ±
21 6 22 yr
22 yr 24 mean
24 mean 25 ±
25 ± 26 sd
26 sd 27 )
28 and 29 19
28 and 33 ±
29 19 30 y
32 24 33 ±
33 ± 37 )(using
34 5 35 yr
35 yr 37 )(using
37 )(using 41 and
37 )(using 43 spectrometer
38 a 39 volume
38 a 40 turbine
39 volume 40 turbine
40 turbine 41 and
41 and 42 mass
41 and 43 spectrometer

phase i vo ( 2 [ )( [p] [ )( longer in o ( 31 ± [4] s ) than [y] [(] 20 ± 7 s [ )(( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 phase 2 i
1 phase 3 vo
3 vo 5 2
4 ( 5 2
5 2 11 longer
5 2 18 s
5 2 19 )
11 longer 12 in
12 in 13 o
14 ( 18 s
15 31 18 s
16 ± 18 s
18 s 19 )
20 than 23 20
20 than 24 ±
23 20 24 ±
24 ± 30 <
25 7 26 s
26 s 30 <
28 )(( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 )

in o , phase ii [τvo] ( 2 [ )( [p] ) was larger ( p < 0.05 ) when fitting started at 15 s ( 49 ± [12] s ) compared with fits starting at the individual ee phase i [(] 43 ± 12 [s] [ )(, 25 s [(] 42 ± 10 [s] [ )(, 35 [s] ( 42 ± 12 [s] ) [,] [and] [45] [s] [(] [45] [±] [15] [s] [ )( 
1 in 2 o
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 phase
4 phase 5 ii
4 phase 8 2
4 phase 13 was
7 ( 8 2
8 2 12 )
13 was 14 larger
14 larger 17 <
14 larger 20 when
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 18 0.05
17 < 19 )
20 when 21 fitting
20 when 32 compared
21 fitting 22 started
21 fitting 30 s
21 fitting 32 compared
22 started 23 at
23 at 25 s
24 15 25 s
26 ( 30 s
27 49 30 s
28 ± 30 s
30 s 31 )
32 compared 33 with
33 with 34 fits
34 fits 35 starting
35 starting 36 at
35 starting 45 12
36 at 44 ±
37 the 44 ±
38 individual 40 phase
39 ee 40 phase
40 phase 41 i
40 phase 44 ±
43 43 44 ±
45 12 53 ±
48 )(, 53 ±
49 25 50 s
50 s 53 ±
52 42 53 ±
53 ± 54 10
53 ± 58 35
53 ± 65 )
57 )(, 58 35
58 35 62 ±
58 35 65 )
60 ( 62 ±
61 42 62 ±
62 ± 63 12
62 ± 65 )

in y , τvo ( 2 [ )( [p] ) was not affected by the time at which phase ii vo ( 2 ) ( [p] [ )(fitting started [(] τvo ( 2 ) ( p [ )(= 31 ± 7 s [,] 29 ± 9 s [,] 30 ± 10 s [,] [32] ± 11 s [,] and 30 ± [8] [s] for fittings starting at 15 s , 25 s , 35 s , 45 [s] [,] [and] ee phase [i] , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 τvo
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
1 in 2 y
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 τvo
4 τvo 6 2
4 τvo 11 was
5 ( 6 2
6 2 10 )
11 was 12 not
11 was 14 by
12 not 13 affected
14 by 16 time
15 the 16 time
16 time 17 at
17 at 18 which
17 at 19 phase
17 at 21 vo
17 at 29 started
18 which 19 phase
19 phase 20 ii
21 vo 23 2
21 vo 28 )(fitting
21 vo 29 started
22 ( 23 2
23 2 24 )
25 ( 28 )(fitting
29 started 31 τvo
29 started 38 )(=
31 τvo 33 2
32 ( 33 2
33 2 34 )
35 ( 38 )(=
36 p 38 )(=
38 )(= 50 ±
39 31 45 ±
40 ± 45 ±
41 7 42 s
42 s 45 ±
44 29 45 ±
45 ± 50 ±
46 9 47 s
47 s 50 ±
49 30 50 ±
50 ± 59 and
50 ± 61 ±
51 10 52 s
51 10 59 and
52 s 55 ±
55 ± 57 s
56 11 57 s
59 and 60 30
61 ± 64 for
64 for 66 starting
65 fittings 66 starting
66 starting 67 at
66 starting 72 s
66 starting 75 s
66 starting 77 45
67 at 69 s
68 15 69 s
70 , 72 s
71 25 72 s
72 s 73 ,
73 , 75 s
74 35 75 s
75 s 76 ,
76 , 77 45
77 45 81 ee
77 45 82 phase
77 45 87 .
81 ee 82 phase
82 phase 85 respectively
84 , 85 respectively
85 respectively 86 )

fitting from ee phase i , 25 s , or 35 s resulted in the smallest ci τvo ( 2 [ )( [p] ) in both [o] and y [.] [thus] , fitting [phase] [ii] vo ( 2 [ )( [p] ) [from] ( but not constrained [to] ) 25 s or 35 s [provides] consistent estimates of vo ( 2 [ )( [p] ) kinetics parameters in y and [o] [,] [despite] the longer phase [i] vo [(] 2 [ )( [p] [ )(in [o] [.] the gender paradox in mortality [--] where men die earlier than women despite having more socioeconomic resources -- [may] [be] partly explained by men 's lower levels of preventive health care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 or
1 fitting 2 from
2 from 4 phase
3 ee 4 phase
4 phase 5 i
4 phase 8 s
6 , 8 s
7 25 8 s
8 s 9 ,
9 , 10 or
10 or 12 s
10 or 13 resulted
11 35 12 s
12 s 13 resulted
13 resulted 14 in
13 resulted 25 in
14 in 18 τvo
15 the 16 smallest
15 the 18 τvo
17 ci 18 τvo
18 τvo 20 2
19 ( 20 2
20 2 24 )
25 in 28 and
26 both 28 and
28 and 29 y
28 and 32 ,
28 and 33 fitting
32 , 33 fitting
33 fitting 45 but
36 vo 38 2
36 vo 45 but
37 ( 38 2
38 2 42 )
44 ( 45 but
45 but 46 not
45 but 57 estimates
46 not 47 constrained
47 constrained 49 )
50 25 51 s
51 s 52 or
52 or 54 s
52 or 57 estimates
53 35 54 s
56 consistent 57 estimates
57 estimates 58 of
58 of 70 and
59 vo 61 2
59 vo 67 parameters
60 ( 61 2
61 2 65 )
66 kinetics 67 parameters
67 parameters 68 in
67 parameters 70 and
68 in 69 y
70 and 78 vo
74 the 76 phase
75 longer 76 phase
76 phase 78 vo
78 vo 80 2
78 vo 85 )(in
85 )(in 90 paradox
88 the 90 paradox
89 gender 90 paradox
90 paradox 91 in
90 paradox 94 where
91 in 92 mortality
94 where 95 men
94 where 101 having
95 men 96 die
96 die 97 earlier
96 die 98 than
96 die 100 despite
98 than 99 women
100 despite 101 having
101 having 104 resources
102 more 104 resources
103 socioeconomic 104 resources
104 resources 109 explained
105 -- 109 explained
108 partly 109 explained
109 explained 110 by
109 explained 119 .
110 by 114 levels
111 men 112 's
112 's 114 levels
113 lower 114 levels
114 levels 115 of
115 of 118 care
116 preventive 118 care
117 health 118 care

stereotypical notions of masculinity reduce preventive health care ; however , the relationship between masculinity , socioeconomic status ( ses ) , and preventive health care is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 notions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 stereotypical 2 notions
2 notions 3 of
2 notions 5 reduce
3 of 4 masculinity
5 reduce 8 care
6 preventive 7 health
7 health 8 care
9 ; 26 care
9 ; 27 is
10 however 11 ,
10 however 26 care
12 the 13 relationship
13 relationship 14 between
13 relationship 23 and
14 between 15 masculinity
15 masculinity 18 status
16 , 18 status
17 socioeconomic 18 status
18 status 20 ses
18 status 22 ,
19 ( 20 ses
20 ses 21 )
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 health
23 and 26 care
24 preventive 25 health
26 care 27 is
27 is 28 unknown

using the wisconsin longitudinal study , the authors conduct a population - based assessment of masculinity beliefs and preventive health care , [including] whether these relationships vary by ses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 conduct
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 using 5 study
1 using 6 ,
1 using 8 authors
2 the 5 study
3 wisconsin 4 longitudinal
4 longitudinal 5 study
7 the 8 authors
8 authors 9 conduct
9 conduct 11 population
9 conduct 24 whether
9 conduct 28 by
10 a 11 population
11 population 14 assessment
12 - 14 assessment
13 based 14 assessment
14 assessment 15 of
14 assessment 22 ,
15 of 18 and
16 masculinity 17 beliefs
17 beliefs 18 and
18 and 21 care
19 preventive 20 health
20 health 21 care
24 whether 26 relationships
24 whether 27 vary
25 these 26 relationships
26 relationships 27 vary
28 by 29 ses

the results show that men with strong masculinity beliefs are [half] as likely as men with more moderate masculinity beliefs to receive preventive care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
3 show 5 men
5 men 6 with
5 men 9 beliefs
5 men 10 are
5 men 13 likely
6 with 8 masculinity
7 strong 8 masculinity
9 beliefs 10 are
12 as 13 likely
13 likely 14 as
13 likely 16 with
14 as 15 men
16 with 20 beliefs
16 with 24 care
17 more 18 moderate
18 moderate 20 beliefs
19 masculinity 20 beliefs
20 beliefs 21 to
20 beliefs 22 receive
21 to 22 receive
23 preventive 24 care

furthermore , in contrast to the well - established ses [gradient] in health , men with strong masculinity beliefs do not benefit from higher education and their probability of obtaining preventive health care decreases as their occupational status , wealth , and/or income increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 15 men
2 , 3 in
3 in 4 contrast
3 in 14 ,
3 in 15 men
4 contrast 5 to
5 to 7 well
6 the 7 well
7 well 10 ses
8 - 10 ses
9 established 10 ses
10 ses 12 in
10 ses 14 ,
12 in 13 health
15 men 16 with
15 men 20 do
16 with 19 beliefs
17 strong 18 masculinity
18 masculinity 19 beliefs
20 do 21 not
20 do 22 benefit
22 benefit 23 from
23 from 25 education
24 higher 25 education
26 and 28 probability
26 and 34 decreases
27 their 28 probability
28 probability 29 of
28 probability 34 decreases
29 of 30 obtaining
30 obtaining 33 care
31 preventive 32 health
32 health 33 care
34 decreases 35 as
34 decreases 42 and/or
35 as 38 status
36 their 38 status
37 occupational 38 status
38 status 40 wealth
39 , 40 wealth
40 wealth 41 ,
42 and/or 43 income
43 income 44 increases

masculinity may be a partial explanation for the paradox of men 's lower life expectancy [,] despite their higher ses . β - adrenergic receptors ( βars ) are crucial for maintaining the rate and force of cardiac muscle contraction in vertebrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 masculinity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 masculinity 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 6 explanation
3 be 17 despite
4 a 5 partial
4 a 6 explanation
5 partial 6 explanation
6 explanation 7 for
7 for 9 paradox
8 the 9 paradox
9 paradox 10 of
10 of 15 expectancy
11 men 12 's
12 's 15 expectancy
13 lower 15 expectancy
14 life 15 expectancy
17 despite 20 ses
18 their 20 ses
19 higher 20 ses
21 . 25 receptors
21 . 29 are
22 β 23 -
22 β 25 receptors
24 adrenergic 25 receptors
25 receptors 27 βars
25 receptors 29 are
26 ( 27 βars
27 βars 28 )
29 are 30 crucial
30 crucial 31 for
30 crucial 41 in
31 for 32 maintaining
32 maintaining 35 and
33 the 34 rate
34 rate 35 and
35 and 36 force
36 force 37 of
37 of 40 contraction
38 cardiac 39 muscle
39 muscle 40 contraction
41 in 42 vertebrates

zebrafish ( danio rerio ) [have] [one] β1ar gene and two β2ar genes ( β2aar and β2bar ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 zebrafish 4 rerio
1 zebrafish 9 gene
2 ( 4 rerio
3 danio 4 rerio
4 rerio 5 )
8 β1ar 9 gene
10 and 11 two
10 and 12 β2ar
11 two 12 β2ar
12 β2ar 13 genes
13 genes 16 and
14 ( 16 and
15 β2aar 16 and
16 and 17 β2bar
16 and 18 )

we examined the roles of these receptors in larval zebrafish in vivo by assessing the impact [of] translational gene knockdown [on] cardiac function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 roles
2 examined 8 in
2 examined 12 vivo
2 examined 13 by
3 the 4 roles
4 roles 5 of
5 of 7 receptors
6 these 7 receptors
8 in 10 zebrafish
9 larval 10 zebrafish
11 in 12 vivo
13 by 14 assessing
14 assessing 23 function
15 the 23 function
16 impact 23 function
18 translational 19 gene
19 gene 23 function
20 knockdown 23 function
22 cardiac 23 function

zebrafish larvae lacking β1ar expression by morpholino knockdown displayed lower heart rates than control fish , whereas larvae deficient in both β2aar and β2bar expression exhibited significantly higher heart rates than controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 zebrafish 2 larvae
2 larvae 3 lacking
2 larvae 6 by
2 larvae 23 and
3 lacking 5 expression
4 β1ar 5 expression
6 by 7 morpholino
7 morpholino 12 rates
7 morpholino 22 β2aar
8 knockdown 12 rates
9 displayed 11 heart
10 lower 11 heart
11 heart 12 rates
12 rates 14 control
13 than 14 control
14 control 15 fish
14 control 17 whereas
16 , 17 whereas
17 whereas 18 larvae
18 larvae 19 deficient
18 larvae 22 β2aar
19 deficient 20 in
20 in 21 both
23 and 25 expression
23 and 29 heart
23 and 30 rates
24 β2bar 25 expression
26 exhibited 29 heart
27 significantly 28 higher
28 higher 29 heart
29 heart 30 rates
30 rates 31 than
31 than 32 controls

these results suggested a potential inhibitory role for one or both β2ar genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggested
3 suggested 10 or
3 suggested 12 β2ar
4 a 5 potential
4 a 7 role
5 potential 7 role
6 inhibitory 7 role
7 role 8 for
7 role 10 or
8 for 9 one
10 or 11 both
10 or 12 β2ar
12 β2ar 13 genes

by using cultured hek293 cells transfected with zebrafish βars , we demonstrated that stimulation with adrenaline or procaterol ( a β2ar agonist ) resulted in an increase in intracellular camp levels in cells expressing any of the three zebrafish βars . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 by 2 using
1 by 10 ,
1 by 11 we
2 using 5 cells
3 cultured 5 cells
4 hek293 5 cells
5 cells 6 transfected
6 transfected 7 with
7 with 8 zebrafish
7 with 9 βars
11 we 12 demonstrated
12 demonstrated 13 that
13 that 17 or
13 that 24 resulted
14 stimulation 15 with
14 stimulation 17 or
15 with 16 adrenaline
17 or 18 procaterol
17 or 22 agonist
17 or 24 resulted
19 ( 22 agonist
20 a 22 agonist
21 β2ar 22 agonist
22 agonist 23 )
24 resulted 25 in
24 resulted 28 in
25 in 27 increase
26 an 27 increase
28 in 31 levels
29 intracellular 31 levels
30 camp 31 levels
31 levels 32 in
31 levels 36 of
32 in 33 cells
33 cells 34 expressing
34 expressing 35 any
36 of 40 βars
37 the 38 three
38 three 40 βars
39 zebrafish 40 βars

in comparison with its human βar counterpart , zebrafish β2aar expressed in hek293 cells appeared to exhibit a unique binding affinity profile for adrenergic ligands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 β2aar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ligands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 2 comparison
1 in 10 β2aar
3 with 7 counterpart
3 with 8 ,
3 with 10 β2aar
4 its 7 counterpart
5 human 6 βar
6 βar 7 counterpart
9 zebrafish 10 β2aar
10 β2aar 11 expressed
10 β2aar 25 ligands
11 expressed 12 in
11 expressed 24 adrenergic
12 in 13 hek293
13 hek293 14 cells
13 hek293 23 for
14 cells 15 appeared
15 appeared 16 to
15 appeared 17 exhibit
16 to 17 exhibit
17 exhibit 22 profile
17 exhibit 23 for
18 a 22 profile
19 unique 21 affinity
20 binding 21 affinity
21 affinity 22 profile

specifically , zebrafish β2aar had a high binding affinity for phenylephrine , a classical α - adrenergic receptor agonist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 β2aar
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 4 β2aar
3 zebrafish 4 β2aar
4 β2aar 5 had
5 had 7 high
5 had 10 for
6 a 7 high
7 high 8 binding
8 binding 9 affinity
10 for 11 phenylephrine
12 , 19 agonist
13 a 19 agonist
14 classical 18 receptor
15 α 16 -
15 α 18 receptor
17 adrenergic 18 receptor
18 receptor 19 agonist

the zebrafish receptors also had distinct [ligand] binding affinities for adrenergic agonists when compared with human βars in culture , with zebrafish β2aar being distinct from human β2ar and zebrafish β2bar . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 receptors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 3 receptors
2 zebrafish 3 receptors
3 receptors 5 had
4 also 5 had
5 had 9 affinities
5 had 13 when
5 had 18 in
6 distinct 9 affinities
8 binding 9 affinities
9 affinities 10 for
10 for 12 agonists
11 adrenergic 12 agonists
13 when 14 compared
14 compared 15 with
15 with 17 βars
16 human 17 βars
18 in 19 culture
20 , 29 and
20 , 31 β2bar
21 with 22 zebrafish
21 with 29 and
23 β2aar 24 being
23 β2aar 29 and
24 being 25 distinct
25 distinct 26 from
26 from 28 β2ar
27 human 28 β2ar
29 and 30 zebrafish
29 and 31 β2bar

overall , this study provides insight into the function and evolution of both fish and mammalian β - adrenergic receptors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 6 insight
5 provides 7 into
7 into 10 and
8 the 9 function
9 function 10 and
10 and 11 evolution
10 and 12 of
12 of 15 and
13 both 15 and
14 fish 15 and
15 and 20 receptors
16 mammalian 20 receptors
17 β 18 -
17 β 20 receptors
19 adrenergic 20 receptors

inflammation is a double - edged sword that can promote [or] suppress cancer progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 inflammation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 suppress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 inflammation 2 is
2 is 7 sword
2 is 12 suppress
3 a 4 double
3 a 7 sword
4 double 5 -
4 double 7 sword
6 edged 7 sword
7 sword 8 that
7 sword 10 promote
8 that 9 can
9 can 10 promote
12 suppress 14 progression
13 cancer 14 progression

in this study , we report that thymic stromal lymphopoietin ( tslp ) , an il - 7 - like [type] 1 inflammatory cytokine that is often associated with the induction of th2 - type allergic responses in the lungs , is also expressed in human and murine cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 report
6 report 7 that
7 that 10 lymphopoietin
7 that 44 expressed
8 thymic 10 lymphopoietin
9 stromal 10 lymphopoietin
10 lymphopoietin 12 tslp
10 lymphopoietin 16 il
10 lymphopoietin 42 is
11 ( 12 tslp
12 tslp 13 )
14 , 16 il
15 an 16 il
16 il 18 7
16 il 41 ,
17 - 18 7
18 7 20 like
18 7 41 ,
19 - 20 like
20 like 24 cytokine
20 like 41 ,
22 1 24 cytokine
23 inflammatory 24 cytokine
24 cytokine 28 associated
25 that 26 is
26 is 28 associated
27 often 28 associated
28 associated 29 with
29 with 31 induction
30 the 31 induction
31 induction 32 of
32 of 33 th2
33 th2 37 responses
34 - 37 responses
35 type 37 responses
36 allergic 37 responses
37 responses 38 in
37 responses 41 ,
38 in 40 lungs
39 the 40 lungs
42 is 44 expressed
43 also 44 expressed
44 expressed 45 in
45 in 47 and
46 human 47 and
47 and 49 cancers
48 murine 49 cancers

our studies with murine cancer cells indicate that tslp plays an essential role in cancer escape , as its inactivation in cancer cells alone was sufficient to almost completely abrogate cancer progression and lung metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 our 2 studies
2 studies 3 with
2 studies 17 ,
3 with 6 cells
4 murine 5 cancer
5 cancer 6 cells
7 indicate 8 that
7 indicate 17 ,
8 that 9 tslp
8 that 10 plays
9 tslp 10 plays
10 plays 13 role
10 plays 14 in
11 an 13 role
12 essential 13 role
14 in 16 escape
15 cancer 16 escape
17 , 30 abrogate
18 as 20 inactivation
18 as 25 was
19 its 20 inactivation
20 inactivation 21 in
20 inactivation 25 was
21 in 23 cells
22 cancer 23 cells
24 alone 25 was
25 was 26 sufficient
26 sufficient 27 to
27 to 30 abrogate
28 almost 29 completely
29 completely 30 abrogate
30 abrogate 35 metastasis
31 cancer 32 progression
32 progression 33 and
33 and 34 lung
33 and 35 metastasis

the cancer - promoting activity of tslp primarily required signaling through the tslp receptor on cd4 [(] [+] [ )(t cells , promoting th2 - skewed immune responses and production of immunosuppressive factors such as il - 10 and il - 13 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 required
1 the 2 cancer
2 cancer 4 promoting
2 cancer 9 required
3 - 4 promoting
4 promoting 5 activity
5 activity 6 of
6 of 7 tslp
8 primarily 9 required
9 required 10 signaling
9 required 15 on
10 signaling 11 through
11 through 14 receptor
12 the 14 receptor
13 tslp 14 receptor
15 on 21 cells
16 cd4 20 )(t
16 cd4 21 cells
21 cells 25 -
22 , 25 -
23 promoting 24 th2
23 promoting 25 -
25 - 29 and
26 skewed 28 responses
27 immune 28 responses
28 responses 29 and
29 and 30 production
29 and 31 of
29 and 35 as
31 of 33 factors
32 immunosuppressive 33 factors
34 such 35 as
35 as 36 il
36 il 41 -
37 - 41 -
38 10 39 and
39 and 40 il
40 il 41 -
41 - 42 13
41 - 43 .

expression of tslp therefore may be a useful prognostic marker , and its targeting could have therapeutic potential . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 expression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 expression 2 of
1 expression 5 may
2 of 3 tslp
4 therefore 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 10 marker
7 a 10 marker
8 useful 10 marker
9 prognostic 10 marker
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 targeting
12 and 16 have
13 its 14 targeting
14 targeting 15 could
15 could 16 have
16 have 18 potential
17 therapeutic 18 potential

background : fast - [tracking] and early endotracheal extubation have been described in patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease ( chd ) ; however , criteria for patient selection have not been validated in a prospective manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 6 and
2 : 12 described
2 : 24 ;
3 fast 6 and
4 - 6 and
6 and 9 extubation
6 and 10 have
7 early 9 extubation
8 endotracheal 9 extubation
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 described
12 described 13 in
12 described 17 for
13 in 14 patients
14 patients 15 undergoing
15 undergoing 16 surgery
17 for 20 disease
18 congenital 19 heart
19 heart 20 disease
20 disease 22 chd
21 ( 22 chd
22 chd 23 )
24 ; 27 criteria
24 ; 34 validated
25 however 26 ,
25 however 27 criteria
27 criteria 28 for
27 criteria 31 have
28 for 30 selection
29 patient 30 selection
31 have 32 not
31 have 33 been
33 been 34 validated
34 validated 35 in
35 in 38 manner
36 a 37 prospective
36 a 38 manner
37 prospective 38 manner

our goal in this study was to prospectively identify factors associated with the decision to defer endotracheal extubation in the operating room ( or ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 goal
2 goal 3 in
2 goal 6 was
3 in 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 11 associated
7 to 9 identify
8 prospectively 9 identify
9 identify 10 factors
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 15 to
12 with 14 decision
13 the 14 decision
15 to 16 defer
16 defer 18 extubation
16 defer 19 in
17 endotracheal 18 extubation
19 in 22 room
20 the 22 room
21 operating 22 room
22 room 24 or
23 ( 24 or
24 or 25 )

methods : we performed a prospective observational study of 275 patients ( median age 18 months ) at the mount sinai medical center ( msmc ) , new york , new york , and 49 patients ( median age 25 months ) at the university of tokyo hospital ( uth ) , tokyo , japan , undergoing surgery for chd requiring cardiopulmonary [bypass] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 performed
3 we 4 performed
4 performed 8 study
4 performed 18 at
4 performed 43 at
4 performed 57 undergoing
5 a 6 prospective
5 a 8 study
6 prospective 8 study
7 observational 8 study
8 study 9 of
8 study 16 months
9 of 11 patients
10 275 11 patients
12 ( 16 months
13 median 14 age
14 age 16 months
15 18 16 months
16 months 17 )
18 at 34 and
19 the 25 msmc
20 mount 21 sinai
21 sinai 22 medical
22 medical 23 center
23 center 25 msmc
24 ( 25 msmc
25 msmc 26 )
25 msmc 27 ,
27 , 29 york
27 , 30 ,
28 new 29 york
30 , 32 york
30 , 34 and
31 new 32 york
33 , 34 and
34 and 36 patients
34 and 41 months
35 49 36 patients
37 ( 41 months
38 median 39 age
39 age 41 months
40 25 41 months
41 months 42 )
43 at 45 university
44 the 45 university
45 university 46 of
46 of 50 uth
47 tokyo 48 hospital
48 hospital 50 uth
49 ( 50 uth
50 uth 51 )
50 uth 53 tokyo
50 uth 55 japan
52 , 53 tokyo
53 tokyo 54 ,
54 , 55 japan
55 japan 56 ,
56 , 57 undergoing
57 undergoing 58 surgery
57 undergoing 59 for
57 undergoing 64 .
59 for 60 chd
60 chd 61 requiring
61 requiring 62 cardiopulmonary

these patients were all eligible for fast - tracking , including extubation in the or immediately after surgery , according to the respective inclusion/exclusion criteria applied at the 2 sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 these 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 all
3 were 21 to
3 were 27 at
4 all 5 eligible
5 eligible 6 for
6 for 9 tracking
7 fast 8 -
7 fast 9 tracking
9 tracking 11 including
10 , 11 including
11 including 12 extubation
11 including 13 in
11 including 17 after
11 including 19 ,
13 in 15 or
14 the 15 or
16 immediately 17 after
17 after 18 surgery
20 according 21 to
21 to 25 criteria
22 the 25 criteria
23 respective 24 inclusion/exclusion
24 inclusion/exclusion 25 criteria
25 criteria 26 applied
27 at 30 sites
28 the 29 2
29 2 30 sites

results : eighty - nine percent of patients at the msmc , and 65 % of patients at the uth were extubated in the or . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 eighty
3 eighty 6 percent
4 - 6 percent
5 nine 6 percent
6 percent 7 of
6 percent 12 ,
7 of 8 patients
8 patients 9 at
9 at 11 msmc
10 the 11 msmc
13 and 15 %
13 and 22 extubated
14 65 15 %
15 % 16 of
15 % 21 were
16 of 17 patients
17 patients 18 at
18 at 20 uth
19 the 20 uth
21 were 22 extubated
22 extubated 23 in
23 in 25 or
24 the 25 or

at the msmc , all patients [without] [aortic] cross - clamp , and patients with simple procedures ( risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery [ rachs ] score 1 ) were extubated in the or . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 cross
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 at 3 msmc
1 at 4 ,
1 at 6 patients
2 the 3 msmc
5 all 6 patients
6 patients 9 cross
10 - 11 clamp
10 - 13 and
10 - 36 .
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 patients
13 and 32 extubated
14 patients 15 with
14 patients 31 were
15 with 17 procedures
16 simple 17 procedures
17 procedures 20 adjustment
18 ( 20 adjustment
19 risk 20 adjustment
20 adjustment 21 for
20 adjustment 30 )
21 for 28 score
22 congenital 23 heart
23 heart 24 surgery
24 surgery 26 rachs
25 [ 26 rachs
26 rachs 27 ]
26 rachs 28 score
28 score 29 1
31 were 32 extubated
32 extubated 33 in
33 in 35 or
34 the 35 or

among the remaining msmc patients , regression analysis showed that procedure complexity was still an independent predictor for not proceeding with planned extubation in the or . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 among 5 patients
1 among 6 ,
1 among 8 analysis
2 the 3 remaining
2 the 5 patients
4 msmc 5 patients
7 regression 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 showed
9 showed 10 that
9 showed 12 complexity
9 showed 13 was
11 procedure 12 complexity
12 complexity 13 was
13 was 14 still
13 was 17 predictor
15 an 17 predictor
16 independent 17 predictor
17 predictor 18 for
18 for 19 not
19 not 20 proceeding
20 proceeding 21 with
20 proceeding 24 in
21 with 23 extubation
22 planned 23 extubation
24 in 26 or
25 the 26 or

extubation was more likely to be deferred in the rachs score 3 surgical risk patients compared with the rachs score 2 group ( p = 0.005 , odds ratio 3.8 [ ci [:] 1.5 , 9.7 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 extubation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 extubation 2 was
2 was 3 more
2 was 4 likely
4 likely 5 to
4 likely 7 deferred
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 deferred
7 deferred 8 in
8 in 11 score
9 the 11 score
10 rachs 11 score
11 score 15 patients
11 score 16 compared
12 3 15 patients
13 surgical 15 patients
14 risk 15 patients
15 patients 16 compared
16 compared 17 with
16 compared 25 =
17 with 22 group
18 the 22 group
19 rachs 20 score
20 score 22 group
21 2 22 group
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.005
26 0.005 29 ratio
27 , 29 ratio
28 odds 29 ratio
29 ratio 30 3.8
29 ratio 32 ci
29 ratio 36 9.7
29 ratio 38 )
31 [ 32 ci
32 ci 34 1.5
32 ci 35 ,
35 , 36 9.7
36 9.7 37 ]

additionally [,] trisomy 21 ( p = 0.0003 , odds ratio 9.9 [ ci [:] 2.9 , 34.5 ] ) and age ( p = 0.0015 ) were significant independent predictors for deferring or extubation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trisomy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 additionally 3 trisomy
3 trisomy 4 21
4 21 7 =
4 21 11 ratio
5 ( 7 =
6 p 7 =
7 = 8 0.0003
7 = 9 ,
9 , 11 ratio
10 odds 11 ratio
11 ratio 12 9.9
11 ratio 14 ci
11 ratio 20 )
13 [ 14 ci
14 ci 16 2.9
14 ci 18 34.5
14 ci 20 )
17 , 18 34.5
18 34.5 19 ]
21 and 22 age
21 and 28 were
22 age 25 =
22 age 28 were
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.0015
25 = 27 )
28 were 31 predictors
29 significant 31 predictors
30 independent 31 predictors
31 predictors 32 for
32 for 33 deferring
33 deferring 35 extubation
34 or 35 extubation

we tested our findings on the patients from the uth by developing risk categories from the msmc data that ranked eligible patients according to the chance of or extubation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 4 findings
2 tested 13 risk
3 our 4 findings
4 findings 5 on
4 findings 11 by
4 findings 13 risk
5 on 7 patients
6 the 7 patients
7 patients 8 from
8 from 10 uth
9 the 10 uth
11 by 12 developing
13 risk 14 categories
14 categories 15 from
14 categories 19 that
14 categories 20 ranked
15 from 18 data
16 the 18 data
17 msmc 18 data
19 that 20 ranked
20 ranked 22 patients
20 ranked 24 to
21 eligible 22 patients
23 according 24 to
24 to 26 chance
25 the 26 chance
26 chance 27 of
27 of 29 extubation
28 or 29 extubation

the risk categories proved to predict endotracheal extubation in the 49 patients who had undergone surgery at the uth relative to their overall extubation rate , despite differences in anesthetic [regimen] and inclusion/exclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 categories
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proved
1 the 3 categories
2 risk 3 categories
3 categories 4 proved
4 proved 5 to
4 proved 12 patients
4 proved 25 rate
5 to 6 predict
6 predict 8 extubation
7 endotracheal 8 extubation
9 in 11 49
9 in 12 patients
10 the 11 49
12 patients 13 who
12 patients 14 had
12 patients 25 rate
13 who 14 had
14 had 15 undergone
15 undergone 16 surgery
16 surgery 17 at
16 surgery 20 relative
17 at 19 uth
18 the 19 uth
20 relative 21 to
21 to 24 extubation
22 their 24 extubation
23 overall 24 extubation
25 rate 27 despite
26 , 27 despite
27 despite 28 differences
27 despite 35 .
28 differences 29 in
29 in 32 and
30 anesthetic 32 and
32 and 34 criteria
33 inclusion/exclusion 34 criteria

conclusions : preoperatively known factors alone can predict the relative chances of deferring extubation after surgery for chd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 preoperatively
3 preoperatively 4 known
3 preoperatively 5 factors
3 preoperatively 13 deferring
5 factors 7 can
6 alone 7 can
7 can 8 predict
8 predict 11 chances
9 the 11 chances
10 relative 11 chances
11 chances 12 of
12 of 13 deferring
13 deferring 14 extubation
14 extubation 15 after
14 extubation 17 for
15 after 16 surgery
17 for 18 chd

the early extubation strategies applied in the 2 centers were successful in the majority of cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 4 strategies
2 early 3 extubation
3 extubation 4 strategies
4 strategies 5 applied
4 strategies 10 were
5 applied 6 in
6 in 9 centers
7 the 8 2
8 2 9 centers
10 were 11 successful
11 successful 12 in
12 in 16 cases
13 the 14 majority
14 majority 15 of
14 majority 16 cases
15 of 16 cases

in the normal brain , tau protein is phosphorylated at a number of proline - and [non] [-] proline directed sites , which reduce tau microtubule binding and thus regulate microtubule dynamics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 phosphorylated
1 in 4 brain
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 protein
2 the 4 brain
3 normal 4 brain
6 tau 7 protein
7 protein 8 is
8 is 9 phosphorylated
9 phosphorylated 10 at
10 at 21 sites
11 a 12 number
12 number 13 of
12 number 21 sites
13 of 21 sites
14 proline 16 and
15 - 16 and
16 and 19 proline
16 and 21 sites
20 directed 21 sites
21 sites 23 which
22 , 23 which
23 which 28 and
23 which 33 .
24 reduce 26 microtubule
24 reduce 28 and
25 tau 26 microtubule
26 microtubule 27 binding
28 and 30 regulate
29 thus 30 regulate
30 regulate 32 dynamics
31 microtubule 32 dynamics

in alzheimer disease ( ad ) , tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated , leading to neurofibrillary tangle formation and microtubule disruption , suggesting a loss of regulatory mechanisms controlling tau phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 tau
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 hyperphosphorylated
1 in 3 disease
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 tau
2 alzheimer 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
8 tau 9 is
9 is 10 abnormally
9 is 11 hyperphosphorylated
11 hyperphosphorylated 13 leading
12 , 13 leading
13 leading 14 to
13 leading 22 suggesting
13 leading 31 .
14 to 18 and
15 neurofibrillary 16 tangle
16 tangle 17 formation
17 formation 18 and
18 and 20 disruption
19 microtubule 20 disruption
21 , 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 24 loss
22 suggesting 31 .
23 a 24 loss
24 loss 25 of
25 of 27 mechanisms
26 regulatory 27 mechanisms
27 mechanisms 28 controlling
28 controlling 30 phosphorylation
29 tau 30 phosphorylation

early growth response 1 ( egr - 1 ) is a transcription factor that is significantly up - regulated in ad brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 response
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
1 early 3 response
2 growth 3 response
3 response 4 1
3 response 6 egr
3 response 8 1
3 response 10 is
5 ( 6 egr
6 egr 7 -
7 - 8 1
8 1 9 )
10 is 13 factor
11 a 12 transcription
11 a 13 factor
12 transcription 13 factor
13 factor 14 that
13 factor 15 is
14 that 15 is
15 is 16 significantly
15 is 17 up
17 up 19 regulated
18 - 19 regulated
19 regulated 20 in
19 regulated 23 .
20 in 22 brain
21 ad 22 brain

the pathological significance of this up - regulation is not known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 significance
2 pathological 3 significance
3 significance 4 of
3 significance 9 is
4 of 8 regulation
5 this 6 up
6 up 7 -
6 up 8 regulation
9 is 10 not
9 is 11 known

in this study , we found that lentivirus - mediated overexpression of egr - 1 in rat brain hippocampus and primary neurons in culture activates proline - directed kinase cdk5 , inactivates pp1 , promotes tau phosphorylation at both proline - directed ser ( 396/404 ) and [non] [-] proline - directed ser ( 262 ) sites , and [destabilizes] microtubules . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
1 in 2 this
1 in 3 study
4 , 5 we
4 , 6 found
4 , 14 -
5 we 6 found
6 found 8 lentivirus
7 that 8 lentivirus
8 lentivirus 11 overexpression
9 - 11 overexpression
10 mediated 11 overexpression
11 overexpression 12 of
11 overexpression 14 -
12 of 13 egr
14 - 19 hippocampus
14 - 20 and
15 1 16 in
16 in 19 hippocampus
17 rat 19 hippocampus
18 brain 19 hippocampus
20 and 22 neurons
21 primary 22 neurons
22 neurons 23 in
22 neurons 31 ,
23 in 24 culture
25 activates 30 cdk5
25 activates 31 ,
26 proline 27 -
26 proline 29 kinase
28 directed 29 kinase
29 kinase 30 cdk5
31 , 34 ,
32 inactivates 33 pp1
32 inactivates 34 ,
34 , 35 promotes
35 promotes 47 and
36 tau 37 phosphorylation
37 phosphorylation 38 at
37 phosphorylation 47 and
38 at 43 ser
39 both 43 ser
40 proline 41 -
40 proline 43 ser
42 directed 43 ser
43 ser 45 396/404
44 ( 45 396/404
45 396/404 46 )
47 and 50 proline
47 and 59 and
51 - 59 and
52 directed 57 sites
53 ser 55 262
53 ser 57 sites
54 ( 55 262
55 262 56 )
57 sites 59 and
58 , 59 and
59 and 61 microtubules
59 and 62 .

furthermore , in egr - 1 [(] - [/] - [ )(mouse brain , cdk5 activity was decreased , pp1 activity [was] increased , and tau phosphorylation was reduced at both proline - directed [and] [non] - proline - directed sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 activity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 16 activity
3 in 4 egr
3 in 16 activity
4 egr 6 1
4 egr 13 brain
5 - 6 1
6 1 8 -
10 - 13 brain
12 )(mouse 13 brain
13 brain 14 ,
15 cdk5 16 activity
16 activity 17 was
17 was 18 decreased
19 , 25 and
19 , 37 -
20 pp1 21 activity
21 activity 23 increased
21 activity 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 tau
25 and 27 phosphorylation
25 and 28 was
25 and 29 reduced
25 and 34 directed
27 phosphorylation 28 was
29 reduced 30 at
29 reduced 32 proline
30 at 31 both
33 - 34 directed
34 directed 37 -
37 - 41 sites
37 - 42 .
38 proline 39 -
38 proline 41 sites
40 directed 41 sites

by using nerve growth [factor] - exposed pc12 cells , we determined that egr - 1 activates cdk5 to promote phosphorylation of tau and inactivates pp1 via phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 by 2 using
1 by 10 ,
1 by 11 we
2 using 4 growth
3 nerve 4 growth
4 growth 9 cells
6 - 9 cells
7 exposed 9 cells
8 pc12 9 cells
9 cells 10 ,
11 we 12 determined
12 determined 14 egr
13 that 14 egr
15 - 16 1
16 1 24 and
17 activates 18 cdk5
17 activates 19 to
17 activates 24 and
19 to 20 promote
20 promote 21 phosphorylation
21 phosphorylation 22 of
22 of 23 tau
24 and 25 inactivates
24 and 26 pp1
24 and 27 via
27 via 28 phosphorylation

when cdk5 was inhibited , tau phosphorylation at both proline - and [non] [-] proline directed sites and pp1 phosphorylation were blocked , indicating that egr - 1 acts through cdk5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 phosphorylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 blocked
1 when 2 cdk5
1 when 3 was
1 when 5 ,
1 when 7 phosphorylation
2 cdk5 3 was
3 was 4 inhibited
6 tau 7 phosphorylation
7 phosphorylation 8 at
7 phosphorylation 21 were
8 at 18 and
9 both 18 and
10 proline 12 and
11 - 12 and
12 and 17 sites
12 and 18 and
15 proline 17 sites
16 directed 17 sites
18 and 20 phosphorylation
19 pp1 20 phosphorylation
21 were 22 blocked
22 blocked 24 indicating
23 , 24 indicating
24 indicating 26 egr
24 indicating 32 .
25 that 26 egr
26 egr 29 acts
27 - 29 acts
28 1 29 acts
29 acts 30 through
29 acts 32 .
30 through 31 cdk5

by using an in [vitro] kinase assay [and] hek - 293 cells transfected with tau , pp1 , and cdk5 , we found that cdk5 phosphorylates ser ( 396/404 ) directly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 transfected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 by 2 using
1 by 12 cells
2 using 9 hek
3 an 4 in
4 in 7 assay
6 kinase 7 assay
7 assay 9 hek
10 - 11 293
11 293 12 cells
12 cells 13 transfected
13 transfected 14 with
13 transfected 27 ser
13 transfected 31 directly
14 with 19 and
15 tau 16 ,
16 , 17 pp1
16 , 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 cdk5
19 and 21 ,
19 and 22 we
19 and 26 phosphorylates
22 we 23 found
23 found 24 that
24 that 25 cdk5
24 that 26 phosphorylates
25 cdk5 26 phosphorylates
27 ser 29 396/404
28 ( 29 396/404
29 396/404 30 )

in addition , by phosphorylating and inactivating pp1 , cdk5 promotes tau phosphorylation at ser ( 262 ) indirectly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cdk5
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 promotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 9 ,
1 in 10 cdk5
2 addition 4 by
3 , 4 by
4 by 8 pp1
4 by 9 ,
5 phosphorylating 6 and
6 and 7 inactivating
6 and 8 pp1
10 cdk5 11 promotes
11 promotes 13 phosphorylation
11 promotes 14 at
11 promotes 19 indirectly
12 tau 13 phosphorylation
14 at 15 ser
15 ser 17 262
16 ( 17 262
17 262 18 )

our results indicate that egr - 1 is an in [vivo] regulator of tau phosphorylation and [suggest] that in ad brain increased levels of egr - 1 aberrantly activate an egr - 1/cdk5/pp1 pathway , leading to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau , thus destabilizing the microtubule cytoskeleton . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 5 egr
4 that 5 egr
6 - 7 1
6 - 8 is
7 1 8 is
8 is 12 regulator
8 is 19 in
9 an 10 in
10 in 12 regulator
12 regulator 13 of
13 of 16 and
14 tau 15 phosphorylation
15 phosphorylation 16 and
16 and 18 that
19 in 23 levels
20 ad 21 brain
21 brain 23 levels
22 increased 23 levels
23 levels 24 of
24 of 25 egr
25 egr 27 1
25 egr 29 activate
25 egr 36 leading
26 - 27 1
27 1 29 activate
28 aberrantly 29 activate
29 activate 31 egr
30 an 31 egr
31 egr 34 pathway
32 - 34 pathway
33 1/cdk5/pp1 34 pathway
34 pathway 35 ,
35 , 36 leading
36 leading 37 to
36 leading 44 destabilizing
37 to 38 accumulation
38 accumulation 39 of
39 of 41 tau
40 hyperphosphorylated 41 tau
42 , 44 destabilizing
43 thus 44 destabilizing
44 destabilizing 47 cytoskeleton
44 destabilizing 48 .
45 the 47 cytoskeleton
46 microtubule 47 cytoskeleton

th17 cells produce il - 17 that plays an important role in host defense . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 produce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 th17 2 cells
2 cells 3 produce
3 produce 4 il
5 - 6 17
5 - 13 host
5 - 15 .
6 17 7 that
6 17 12 in
6 17 13 host
7 that 8 plays
8 plays 11 role
8 plays 12 in
9 an 10 important
9 an 11 role
10 important 11 role
13 host 14 defense

however , little is known about whether aging affects human th17 cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 7 whether
7 whether 8 aging
7 whether 9 affects
8 aging 9 affects
9 affects 12 cells
10 human 12 cells
11 th17 12 cells

here we demonstrated that healthy elderly people ( age ≥ 65 ) had a decreased frequency of il - 17 - producing cells in memory cd4 [(] [+] [ )(t cells compared to healthy young people ( age ≤ 40 ) while both groups had similar frequencies of ifn [-] [γ] - producing cells in the same memory cell subset as measured by flow cytometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 7 people
3 demonstrated 13 had
4 that 7 people
5 healthy 7 people
6 elderly 7 people
7 people 10 ≥
7 people 13 had
8 ( 10 ≥
9 age 10 ≥
10 ≥ 11 65
10 ≥ 12 )
13 had 16 frequency
14 a 16 frequency
15 decreased 16 frequency
16 frequency 17 of
16 frequency 22 producing
17 of 18 il
18 il 20 17
19 - 20 17
20 17 21 -
21 - 22 producing
22 producing 23 cells
23 cells 24 in
23 cells 32 compared
24 in 31 cells
25 memory 31 cells
26 cd4 30 )(t
26 cd4 31 cells
32 compared 33 to
32 compared 42 while
33 to 36 people
34 healthy 36 people
35 young 36 people
36 people 39 ≤
37 ( 39 ≤
38 age 39 ≤
39 ≤ 40 40
39 ≤ 41 )
42 while 44 groups
42 while 45 had
43 both 44 groups
44 groups 45 had
45 had 47 frequencies
46 similar 47 frequencies
47 frequencies 48 of
47 frequencies 54 cells
48 of 49 ifn
52 - 54 cells
53 producing 54 cells
54 cells 55 in
54 cells 62 measured
54 cells 66 .
55 in 60 subset
56 the 57 same
56 the 60 subset
58 memory 60 subset
59 cell 60 subset
61 as 62 measured
62 measured 63 by
63 by 65 cytometry
64 flow 65 cytometry

in contrast , the healthy elderly [had] increased differentiation of il - 17 - producing effector cells but not ifn - [γ] - producing cells from naive cd4 [(] [+] ) t [cells] compared to the healthy young . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 t
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 31 )
1 in 32 t
2 contrast 9 differentiation
3 , 9 differentiation
4 the 9 differentiation
5 healthy 9 differentiation
6 elderly 9 differentiation
8 increased 9 differentiation
9 differentiation 10 of
9 differentiation 31 )
10 of 11 il
11 il 13 17
11 il 15 producing
11 il 24 producing
12 - 13 17
13 17 14 -
14 - 15 producing
15 producing 18 but
15 producing 21 -
16 effector 17 cells
17 cells 18 but
18 but 19 not
18 but 20 ifn
23 - 24 producing
24 producing 25 cells
24 producing 31 )
25 cells 26 from
26 from 28 cd4
27 naive 28 cd4
32 t 34 compared
34 compared 35 to
34 compared 38 young
35 to 37 healthy
36 the 37 healthy

the results of elisa also showed similar findings with increased il - 17 production from naive cd4 [(] [+] [ )(t cells and decreased il - 17 production from memory cd4 [(] + [ )( cells in the elderly compared to the young . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 showed
3 of 4 elisa
5 also 6 showed
6 showed 8 findings
7 similar 8 findings
8 findings 9 with
9 with 11 il
10 increased 11 il
12 - 23 and
13 17 14 production
14 production 15 from
14 production 23 and
15 from 22 cells
16 naive 22 cells
17 cd4 21 )(t
17 cd4 22 cells
23 and 25 il
23 and 33 +
24 decreased 25 il
26 - 33 +
27 17 28 production
28 production 29 from
28 production 33 +
29 from 31 cd4
30 memory 31 cd4
33 + 36 cells
33 + 44 .
36 cells 37 in
36 cells 40 compared
37 in 39 elderly
38 the 39 elderly
40 compared 41 to
41 to 43 young
42 the 43 young

these findings indicate that aging differentially affects naive and memory th17 cell responses in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 5 aging
4 that 7 affects
5 aging 6 differentially
5 aging 7 affects
7 affects 9 and
7 affects 14 in
8 naive 9 and
9 and 13 responses
10 memory 13 responses
11 th17 13 responses
12 cell 13 responses
14 in 15 humans

hippocampal atrophy as [assessed] by magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) biomarkers are supportive features for the diagnosis of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) [and] are assumed to be indirect pathological markers of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 features
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 hippocampal 22 features
2 atrophy 3 as
2 atrophy 12 and
3 as 5 by
5 by 8 imaging
6 magnetic 8 imaging
7 resonance 8 imaging
8 imaging 10 mri
9 ( 10 mri
10 mri 11 )
12 and 13 abnormal
12 and 19 biomarkers
12 and 20 are
12 and 21 supportive
12 and 22 features
14 cerebrospinal 19 biomarkers
15 fluid 17 csf
15 fluid 19 biomarkers
16 ( 17 csf
17 csf 18 )
19 biomarkers 20 are
22 features 23 for
22 features 26 of
22 features 34 are
23 for 25 diagnosis
24 the 25 diagnosis
26 of 29 disease
27 alzheimer 28 's
28 's 29 disease
29 disease 31 ad
30 ( 31 ad
31 ad 32 )
34 are 35 assumed
35 assumed 36 to
36 to 37 be
37 be 40 markers
38 indirect 40 markers
39 pathological 40 markers
40 markers 41 of
41 of 43 disease
42 the 43 disease

in ad patients , antemortem mri hippocampal volumes ( hvs ) correlate with the density of neurofibrillary tangles ( but not with senile plaques ) at autopsy suggesting that hvs may better correlate with csf tau and hyperphosphorylated tau ( p - tau ) levels than csf amyloid beta protein ( aβ ) ( 42 ) level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 hvs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 correlate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 in 3 patients
1 in 30 hvs
2 ad 3 patients
3 patients 6 mri
4 , 6 mri
5 antemortem 6 mri
6 mri 8 volumes
6 mri 12 correlate
6 mri 25 )
7 hippocampal 8 volumes
8 volumes 10 hvs
8 volumes 12 correlate
9 ( 10 hvs
10 hvs 11 )
12 correlate 20 but
13 with 15 density
13 with 20 but
14 the 15 density
15 density 16 of
16 of 18 tangles
17 neurofibrillary 18 tangles
19 ( 20 but
20 but 21 not
20 but 22 with
22 with 24 plaques
23 senile 24 plaques
26 at 28 suggesting
26 at 30 hvs
27 autopsy 28 suggesting
29 that 30 hvs
30 hvs 31 may
31 may 33 correlate
32 better 33 correlate
33 correlate 34 with
33 correlate 57 level
34 with 45 levels
34 with 46 than
34 with 50 protein
35 csf 36 tau
36 tau 37 and
37 and 39 tau
37 and 42 -
37 and 45 levels
38 hyperphosphorylated 39 tau
40 ( 42 -
41 p 42 -
42 - 43 tau
42 - 44 )
47 csf 49 beta
48 amyloid 49 beta
49 beta 50 protein
50 protein 52 aβ
50 protein 55 42
51 ( 52 aβ
52 aβ 53 )
54 ( 55 42
55 42 56 )

here , we tested this hypothesis in a well - defined ad group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 tested
4 tested 6 hypothesis
4 tested 7 in
5 this 6 hypothesis
7 in 9 well
8 a 9 well
10 - 12 ad
10 - 13 group
10 - 14 .
11 defined 12 ad
12 ad 13 group

patients were selected according to the new research criteria for ad , including specific episodic memory deficit and csf ad profile [(] defined as abnormal ratio of aβ ( 42 ):tau ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 selected
3 selected 5 to
3 selected 10 for
4 according 5 to
5 to 9 criteria
6 the 9 criteria
7 new 8 research
8 research 9 criteria
10 for 18 and
11 ad 12 ,
12 , 17 deficit
12 , 18 and
13 including 16 memory
14 specific 16 memory
15 episodic 16 memory
16 memory 17 deficit
18 and 26 ratio
18 and 27 of
19 csf 20 ad
20 ad 23 defined
21 profile 23 defined
23 defined 26 ratio
24 as 25 abnormal
25 abnormal 26 ratio
27 of 28 aβ
28 aβ 31 ):tau
29 ( 31 ):tau
30 42 31 ):tau
31 ):tau 32 )

mri was performed within 6 months [of] lumbar [puncture] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mri
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 mri 2 was
2 was 3 performed
3 performed 4 within
3 performed 8 lumbar
4 within 6 months
5 6 6 months

hvs were obtained using automated segmentation software . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hvs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 hvs 2 were
2 were 3 obtained
3 obtained 4 using
4 using 7 software
5 automated 6 segmentation
6 segmentation 7 software

thirty - six patients were included . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 thirty 2 -
2 - 3 six
2 - 4 patients
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 included

left hv correlated with csf tau ( r = - 0.53 ) and p - tau ( r = - 0.56 ) levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 left 2 hv
2 hv 3 correlated
3 correlated 4 with
3 correlated 10 -
4 with 6 tau
5 csf 6 tau
7 ( 10 -
8 r 9 =
9 = 10 -
10 - 11 0.53
10 - 12 )
13 and 14 p
13 and 15 -
14 p 15 -
15 - 16 tau
16 tau 20 -
16 tau 23 levels
17 ( 20 -
18 r 19 =
19 = 20 -
20 - 21 0.56
20 - 22 )

mean hvs correlated with the csf p - tau level ( r = - 0.52 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 mean 2 hvs
1 mean 3 correlated
2 hvs 3 correlated
3 correlated 4 with
4 with 6 csf
5 the 6 csf
6 csf 7 p
6 csf 10 level
8 - 10 level
9 tau 10 level
10 level 14 -
10 level 16 )
11 ( 14 -
12 r 13 =
13 = 14 -
14 - 15 0.52
14 - 16 )

no correlation was found between any brain measurement and csf aβ ( 42 ) level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 no 2 correlation
2 correlation 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 between
5 between 7 brain
6 any 7 brain
7 brain 9 and
7 brain 15 level
8 measurement 9 and
9 and 11 aβ
9 and 13 42
9 and 15 level
10 csf 11 aβ
12 ( 13 42
13 42 14 )

the csf tau and p - tau levels , but not the csf aβ ( 42 ) level , correlated with hv , suggesting that csf tau markers reflect the neuronal loss associated with the physiopathological process of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 level
1 the 3 tau
2 csf 3 tau
3 tau 4 and
4 and 5 p
4 and 8 levels
4 and 18 level
6 - 8 levels
7 tau 8 levels
8 levels 10 but
8 levels 17 )
9 , 10 but
10 but 11 not
10 but 14 aβ
10 but 17 )
12 the 14 aβ
13 csf 14 aβ
14 aβ 16 42
15 ( 16 42
16 42 17 )
18 level 20 correlated
19 , 20 correlated
20 correlated 21 with
20 correlated 40 .
21 with 22 hv
22 hv 24 suggesting
23 , 24 suggesting
24 suggesting 25 that
24 suggesting 40 .
25 that 28 markers
25 that 29 reflect
26 csf 28 markers
27 tau 28 markers
29 reflect 32 loss
30 the 32 loss
31 neuronal 32 loss
32 loss 33 associated
32 loss 34 with
32 loss 38 of
34 with 37 process
35 the 37 process
36 physiopathological 37 process
38 of 39 ad

background : posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) is associated with increased risk for age - related diseases and early mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 stress
2 : 12 increased
2 : 17 related
3 posttraumatic 4 stress
4 stress 5 disorder
4 stress 11 with
4 stress 12 increased
5 disorder 7 ptsd
5 disorder 9 is
6 ( 7 ptsd
7 ptsd 8 )
9 is 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
12 increased 13 risk
13 risk 14 for
14 for 15 age
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 and
18 diseases 19 and
19 and 21 mortality
20 early 21 mortality

an accelerated rate of biological aging could contribute to this increased risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 an 3 rate
2 accelerated 3 rate
3 rate 4 of
3 rate 7 could
4 of 6 aging
5 biological 6 aging
7 could 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
9 to 12 risk
10 this 11 increased
11 increased 12 risk

to investigate , we assessed leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) , an emerging marker of biological age , in men and women [with] and without ptsd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 to 2 investigate
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 assessed
4 we 5 assessed
5 assessed 8 length
5 assessed 25 and
6 leukocyte 8 length
7 telomere 8 length
8 length 10 ltl
8 length 15 marker
9 ( 10 ltl
10 ltl 11 )
12 , 15 marker
13 an 15 marker
14 emerging 15 marker
15 marker 16 of
15 marker 19 ,
16 of 18 age
17 biological 18 age
20 in 22 and
20 in 25 and
21 men 22 and
22 and 23 women
25 and 26 without
26 without 27 ptsd

we also examined childhood trauma , a risk factor for both ptsd and short ltl , as a potential contributor to short ltl in ptsd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 3 examined
2 also 3 examined
3 examined 5 trauma
3 examined 17 as
4 childhood 5 trauma
5 trauma 13 and
6 , 13 and
7 a 9 factor
8 risk 9 factor
9 factor 10 for
9 factor 13 and
10 for 12 ptsd
11 both 12 ptsd
13 and 15 ltl
13 and 16 ,
14 short 15 ltl
17 as 20 contributor
18 a 20 contributor
19 potential 20 contributor
20 contributor 21 to
20 contributor 24 in
21 to 23 ltl
22 short 23 ltl
24 in 25 ptsd

exclusion criteria included physical illness , medication use , obesity , alcohol or substance abuse , and pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 exclusion 2 criteria
2 criteria 3 included
3 included 17 and
4 physical 5 illness
5 illness 6 ,
6 , 8 use
6 , 9 ,
7 medication 8 use
9 , 10 obesity
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 alcohol
11 , 13 or
13 or 15 abuse
13 or 17 and
14 substance 15 abuse
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 pregnancy

structured clinical interviews were conducted to assess ptsd and other psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma exposure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 structured 3 interviews
2 clinical 3 interviews
3 interviews 4 were
4 were 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 to
6 to 7 assess
7 assess 13 and
8 ptsd 9 and
9 and 12 disorders
9 and 13 and
10 other 12 disorders
11 psychiatric 12 disorders
13 and 16 exposure
14 childhood 16 exposure
15 trauma 16 exposure

ltl was measured with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 ltl 2 was
2 was 3 measured
3 measured 4 with
4 with 10 method
5 a 6 quantitative
5 a 10 method
6 quantitative 7 polymerase
7 polymerase 9 reaction
8 chain 9 reaction
9 reaction 10 method

results : as predicted , participants with ptsd had shorter age - adjusted ltl than control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 participants
2 : 9 had
2 : 12 -
3 as 4 predicted
3 as 5 ,
3 as 6 participants
4 predicted 5 ,
6 participants 7 with
6 participants 9 had
7 with 8 ptsd
9 had 11 age
10 shorter 11 age
12 - 14 ltl
12 - 16 control
12 - 18 .
13 adjusted 14 ltl
14 ltl 16 control
15 than 16 control
16 control 17 subjects

exposure to childhood trauma was also associated with short ltl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 exposure 2 to
1 exposure 5 was
2 to 4 trauma
3 childhood 4 trauma
5 was 6 also
5 was 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 10 ltl
9 short 10 ltl

in fact , childhood trauma seemed to account for the ptsd group difference in ltl ; only participants with ptsd and exposure to multiple categories of childhood trauma had significantly shorter ltl than control subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trauma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 5 trauma
4 childhood 5 trauma
5 trauma 6 seemed
6 seemed 7 to
6 seemed 8 account
7 to 8 account
8 account 9 for
9 for 13 difference
10 the 13 difference
11 ptsd 12 group
12 group 13 difference
13 difference 14 in
14 in 15 ltl
16 ; 17 only
16 ; 29 had
17 only 21 and
18 participants 19 with
18 participants 21 and
19 with 20 ptsd
21 and 22 exposure
21 and 29 had
22 exposure 23 to
23 to 25 categories
24 multiple 25 categories
25 categories 26 of
26 of 28 trauma
27 childhood 28 trauma
29 had 32 ltl
29 had 33 than
30 significantly 31 shorter
31 shorter 32 ltl
33 than 35 subjects
34 control 35 subjects

conclusions : childhood trauma is associated with short ltl in individuals with ptsd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 trauma
2 : 6 associated
2 : 14 .
3 childhood 4 trauma
4 trauma 5 is
5 is 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 10 in
7 with 9 ltl
8 short 9 ltl
10 in 11 individuals
11 individuals 12 with
12 with 13 ptsd

chronic exposure to the psychobiological sequelae of childhood trauma could increase risk for ptsd and short ltl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exposure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 chronic 2 exposure
2 exposure 3 to
2 exposure 7 of
2 exposure 10 could
3 to 6 sequelae
4 the 6 sequelae
5 psychobiological 6 sequelae
7 of 9 trauma
8 childhood 9 trauma
10 could 15 and
11 increase 12 risk
11 increase 15 and
12 risk 13 for
13 for 14 ptsd
15 and 16 short
16 short 17 ltl

thus , the lasting psychological impact of exposure to trauma in childhood might be accompanied by equally enduring changes at the molecular level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 6 impact
3 the 6 impact
4 lasting 6 impact
5 psychological 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
6 impact 13 might
7 of 8 exposure
8 exposure 9 to
9 to 10 trauma
10 trauma 11 in
11 in 12 childhood
13 might 14 be
14 be 15 accompanied
15 accompanied 16 by
16 by 18 enduring
17 equally 18 enduring
18 enduring 19 changes
18 enduring 20 at
20 at 23 level
21 the 23 level
22 molecular 23 level

after birth , there is striking biological and functional development of the brain 's fiber tracts as well as remodeling of cortical and subcortical structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 after 2 birth
1 after 3 ,
1 after 4 there
4 there 5 is
5 is 10 development
6 striking 10 development
7 biological 8 and
8 and 9 functional
8 and 10 development
10 development 11 of
10 development 19 as
11 of 16 tracts
12 the 13 brain
13 brain 14 's
14 's 16 tracts
15 fiber 16 tracts
17 as 18 well
18 well 19 as
19 as 20 remodeling
20 remodeling 21 of
21 of 23 and
22 cortical 23 and
23 and 25 structures
24 subcortical 25 structures

behavioral development in children involves a complex and dynamic set of genetically guided processes by which neural structures interact constantly with the environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 behavioral 2 development
2 development 3 in
2 development 5 involves
3 in 4 children
5 involves 10 set
6 a 10 set
7 complex 8 and
8 and 9 dynamic
8 and 10 set
10 set 11 of
11 of 14 processes
12 genetically 13 guided
13 guided 14 processes
14 processes 15 by
15 by 16 which
15 by 18 structures
15 by 19 interact
17 neural 18 structures
18 structures 19 interact
19 interact 20 constantly
19 interact 21 with
21 with 23 environment
22 the 23 environment

this is a protracted process , beginning in the third week of gestation and continuing into early adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 process
3 a 5 process
4 protracted 5 process
5 process 7 beginning
6 , 7 beginning
7 beginning 8 in
7 beginning 16 into
7 beginning 19 .
8 in 11 week
9 the 10 third
9 the 11 week
11 week 12 of
12 of 14 and
13 gestation 14 and
14 and 15 continuing
16 into 18 adulthood
17 early 18 adulthood

reviewed here are studies using structural imaging techniques , with a special focus on diffusion weighted imaging , describing age - related brain maturational changes in children and adolescents , as well as studies that link these changes to behavioral differences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reviewed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
1 reviewed 2 here
1 reviewed 3 are
3 are 4 studies
4 studies 5 using
4 studies 19 describing
5 using 8 techniques
5 using 10 with
6 structural 8 techniques
7 imaging 8 techniques
9 , 10 with
10 with 13 focus
10 with 14 on
10 with 18 ,
11 a 13 focus
12 special 13 focus
14 on 17 imaging
15 diffusion 16 weighted
16 weighted 17 imaging
18 , 19 describing
19 describing 20 age
19 describing 21 -
21 - 22 related
22 related 25 changes
22 related 26 in
22 related 33 as
23 brain 25 changes
24 maturational 25 changes
26 in 28 and
27 children 28 and
28 and 29 adolescents
30 , 33 as
31 as 32 well
32 well 33 as
33 as 34 studies
33 as 42 .
34 studies 35 that
34 studies 36 link
35 that 36 link
36 link 38 changes
36 link 39 to
37 these 38 changes
39 to 41 differences
40 behavioral 41 differences

finally , we discuss evidence for effects on the brain of several factors that may play a role in mediating these brain - behavior associations in children , including genetic variation , behavioral interventions , and hormonal variation associated with puberty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 3 we
3 we 4 discuss
4 discuss 5 evidence
4 discuss 6 for
4 discuss 8 on
4 discuss 29 including
6 for 7 effects
8 on 10 brain
9 the 10 brain
10 brain 11 of
10 brain 25 associations
11 of 12 several
12 several 13 factors
12 several 22 brain
13 factors 14 that
13 factors 15 may
13 factors 22 brain
14 that 15 may
15 may 16 play
16 play 18 role
16 play 19 in
17 a 18 role
19 in 20 mediating
20 mediating 21 these
23 - 25 associations
24 behavior 25 associations
25 associations 26 in
25 associations 28 ,
26 in 27 children
28 , 29 including
29 including 31 variation
29 including 35 ,
30 genetic 31 variation
31 variation 34 interventions
32 , 34 interventions
33 behavioral 34 interventions
34 interventions 35 ,
36 and 38 variation
36 and 39 associated
37 hormonal 38 variation
38 variation 39 associated
39 associated 40 with
40 with 41 puberty

at present longitudinal studies are few , and we do not yet know [how] variability in individual trajectories of biological development in specific neural systems [map] onto similar variability in behavioral trajectories . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 at 2 present
2 present 4 studies
3 longitudinal 4 studies
4 studies 5 are
5 are 6 few
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 we
8 and 13 know
9 we 10 do
10 do 11 not
10 do 13 know
12 yet 13 know
13 know 15 variability
13 know 16 in
13 know 22 in
13 know 27 onto
13 know 30 in
16 in 18 trajectories
17 individual 18 trajectories
18 trajectories 19 of
19 of 21 development
20 biological 21 development
22 in 25 systems
23 specific 25 systems
24 neural 25 systems
27 onto 29 variability
28 similar 29 variability
30 in 32 trajectories
31 behavioral 32 trajectories

background : the aging population in prison is growing rapidly in the united kingdom . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 population
2 : 8 is
2 : 15 .
3 the 5 population
4 aging 5 population
5 population 6 in
5 population 8 is
6 in 7 prison
8 is 9 growing
9 growing 10 rapidly
9 growing 11 in
11 in 14 kingdom
12 the 14 kingdom
13 united 14 kingdom

this trend is also found in other countries worldwide . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 trend
2 trend 3 is
3 is 4 also
3 is 5 found
5 found 6 in
5 found 9 worldwide
6 in 8 countries
7 other 8 countries

as this population increases prison authorities will need to adjust the custody process to accommodate increasing mental and physical frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 authorities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 as 3 population
1 as 4 increases
1 as 6 authorities
2 this 3 population
3 population 4 increases
5 prison 6 authorities
6 authorities 7 will
7 will 8 need
8 need 9 to
8 need 14 to
8 need 15 accommodate
9 to 10 adjust
10 adjust 13 process
11 the 13 process
12 custody 13 process
14 to 15 accommodate
15 accommodate 20 frailty
16 increasing 20 frailty
17 mental 18 and
18 and 19 physical
18 and 20 frailty

methods : this study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and physical disorders , including dementia , in prisoners aged 50 years and over from four prisons in and around staffordshire to see whether detection and treatment rates have improved over the past decade during which there has been a dramatic increase in the number of older prisoners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 59 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 23 and
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 examined
4 study 7 prevalence
4 study 13 disorders
6 the 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
7 prevalence 13 disorders
8 of 11 and
9 psychiatric 10 disorders
10 disorders 11 and
11 and 12 physical
13 disorders 15 including
14 , 15 including
15 including 16 dementia
15 including 17 ,
18 in 22 years
18 in 23 and
19 prisoners 20 aged
20 aged 22 years
21 50 22 years
23 and 24 over
24 over 25 from
25 from 27 prisons
26 four 27 prisons
27 prisons 29 and
27 prisons 32 to
27 prisons 33 see
28 in 29 and
29 and 30 around
29 and 31 staffordshire
32 to 33 see
33 see 34 whether
33 see 41 over
34 whether 38 rates
34 whether 40 improved
35 detection 36 and
36 and 37 treatment
36 and 38 rates
38 rates 39 have
39 have 40 improved
41 over 44 decade
42 the 44 decade
43 past 44 decade
44 decade 45 during
44 decade 56 of
45 during 46 which
45 during 47 there
45 during 49 been
47 there 48 has
48 has 49 been
49 been 52 increase
49 been 53 in
50 a 51 dramatic
50 a 52 increase
51 dramatic 52 increase
53 in 55 number
54 the 55 number
56 of 58 prisoners
57 older 58 prisoners

subjects were assessed using the geriatric mental state examination , the mini - mental state examination and short form 12 and their prison records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 subjects 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 using
4 using 9 examination
5 the 9 examination
6 geriatric 7 mental
7 mental 8 state
8 state 9 examination
9 examination 12 mini
10 , 12 mini
11 the 12 mini
12 mini 13 -
13 - 21 and
14 mental 15 state
15 state 16 examination
16 examination 17 and
17 and 19 form
17 and 21 and
18 short 19 form
19 form 20 12
21 and 24 records
22 their 24 records
23 prison 24 records

results : sixty prisoners ( 50 % ) had a diagnosable mental disorder , with depression being most common , [and] 15 ( 12 % ) prisoners had signs of cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 prisoners
2 : 9 had
2 : 14 ,
2 : 33 .
3 sixty 4 prisoners
4 prisoners 7 %
4 prisoners 9 had
5 ( 7 %
6 50 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 had 13 disorder
10 a 11 diagnosable
10 a 13 disorder
11 diagnosable 13 disorder
12 mental 13 disorder
14 , 17 being
14 , 28 had
15 with 16 depression
15 with 17 being
17 being 27 prisoners
17 being 28 had
18 most 27 prisoners
19 common 22 15
19 common 27 prisoners
20 , 22 15
22 15 25 %
22 15 26 )
23 ( 25 %
24 12 25 %
25 % 26 )
28 had 29 signs
29 signs 30 of
30 of 32 impairment
31 cognitive 32 impairment

only 18 % of those with a psychiatric diagnosis were prescribed medication from the appropriate class . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 %
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 only 2 18
2 18 3 %
3 % 4 of
3 % 10 were
4 of 5 those
5 those 6 with
6 with 9 diagnosis
7 a 8 psychiatric
7 a 9 diagnosis
8 psychiatric 9 diagnosis
10 were 12 medication
11 prescribed 12 medication
12 medication 13 from
13 from 16 class
14 the 16 class
15 appropriate 16 class

physical problems were also common in this population with an average [self] - report of 2.26 problems per prisoner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 problems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 physical 2 problems
2 problems 3 were
3 were 4 also
3 were 5 common
5 common 6 in
5 common 9 with
6 in 8 population
7 this 8 population
9 with 14 report
10 an 14 report
11 average 13 -
11 average 14 report
14 report 15 of
15 of 17 problems
16 2.26 17 problems
17 problems 18 per
18 per 19 prisoner

conclusions : mental disorders in older prisoners are common , but despite recent training initiatives they often go undetected and untreated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 disorders
2 : 8 are
2 : 11 but
3 mental 4 disorders
4 disorders 5 in
4 disorders 8 are
5 in 7 prisoners
6 older 7 prisoners
8 are 9 common
10 , 11 but
11 but 16 they
11 but 18 go
12 despite 15 initiatives
12 despite 16 they
13 recent 14 training
14 training 15 initiatives
16 they 18 go
17 often 18 go
18 go 20 and
19 undetected 20 and
20 and 21 untreated

prisoners themselves accurately [self] [-] report mental disorder , but the best way of detecting dementia in the prison population remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prisoners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 prisoners 6 report
2 themselves 6 report
3 accurately 6 report
6 report 8 disorder
7 mental 8 disorder
9 , 10 but
10 but 13 way
10 but 21 remains
11 the 12 best
11 the 13 way
13 way 14 of
13 way 21 remains
14 of 15 detecting
15 detecting 16 dementia
15 detecting 17 in
17 in 20 population
18 the 20 population
19 prison 20 population
21 remains 22 unclear

the psychological and physical health of this prison population was poorer than that of their community - based peers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 health
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 -
1 the 5 health
2 psychological 3 and
3 and 4 physical
3 and 5 health
5 health 6 of
5 health 10 was
6 of 9 population
7 this 9 population
8 prison 9 population
10 was 11 poorer
11 poorer 12 than
12 than 13 that
12 than 14 of
14 of 16 community
15 their 16 community
17 - 19 peers
17 - 20 .
18 based 19 peers

purpose : to provide a review of the literature regarding programs for mentoring new nurse practitioners ( nps ) to accelerate their development as primary care providers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 provide
3 to 4 provide
4 provide 6 review
4 provide 24 as
5 a 6 review
6 review 7 of
6 review 10 regarding
7 of 9 literature
8 the 9 literature
10 regarding 11 programs
11 programs 12 for
12 for 13 mentoring
13 mentoring 16 practitioners
13 mentoring 20 to
14 new 15 nurse
15 nurse 16 practitioners
16 practitioners 18 nps
17 ( 18 nps
18 nps 19 )
20 to 21 accelerate
21 accelerate 23 development
22 their 23 development
24 as 27 providers
25 primary 26 care
26 care 27 providers

data sources : a search was conducted in pubmed , ovid , cinahl , and cochrane database of systematic reviews . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sources
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 data 2 sources
3 : 5 search
3 : 7 conducted
3 : 21 .
4 a 5 search
5 search 6 was
6 was 7 conducted
7 conducted 8 in
8 in 15 and
9 pubmed 10 ,
10 , 11 ovid
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 cinahl
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 20 reviews
16 cochrane 17 database
17 database 18 of
17 database 20 reviews
18 of 19 systematic

conclusions : there is currently a critical shortage of primary care providers and an aging population requiring management of chronic medical conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 there
2 : 4 is
3 there 4 is
4 is 5 currently
4 is 8 shortage
6 a 7 critical
6 a 8 shortage
7 critical 8 shortage
8 shortage 9 of
8 shortage 17 requiring
9 of 13 and
10 primary 11 care
11 care 12 providers
12 providers 13 and
13 and 16 population
14 an 16 population
15 aging 16 population
17 requiring 18 management
18 management 19 of
19 of 22 conditions
20 chronic 22 conditions
21 medical 22 conditions

although nps are trained in health [promotion] , disease prevention , and medical management [and] are well equipped to treat patients in primary care , the work can be overwhelming to the novice np . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 equipped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 although 2 nps
1 although 4 trained
1 although 8 ,
1 although 12 and
2 nps 3 are
3 are 4 trained
4 trained 5 in
5 in 6 health
9 disease 10 prevention
10 prevention 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 management
12 and 16 are
13 medical 14 management
16 are 17 well
16 are 18 equipped
18 equipped 19 to
18 equipped 22 in
19 to 21 patients
20 treat 21 patients
22 in 24 care
23 primary 24 care
25 , 29 be
26 the 27 work
27 work 28 can
28 can 29 be
29 be 30 overwhelming
30 overwhelming 31 to
30 overwhelming 34 np
31 to 33 novice
32 the 33 novice

a mentoring program could help the new np further develop competencies and capabilities as a provider . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 a 3 program
2 mentoring 3 program
3 program 4 could
4 could 5 help
5 help 8 np
5 help 10 develop
6 the 8 np
7 new 8 np
9 further 10 develop
10 develop 12 and
10 develop 14 as
11 competencies 12 and
12 and 13 capabilities
14 as 16 provider
15 a 16 provider

however , there is a gap in the literature concerning any mentoring programs for novice nps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 gap
5 a 6 gap
6 gap 7 in
6 gap 12 mentoring
7 in 9 literature
8 the 9 literature
9 literature 10 concerning
10 concerning 11 any
12 mentoring 13 programs
13 programs 14 for
14 for 16 nps
15 novice 16 nps

nonetheless , the literature review has provided a mentoring definition , program models , desired characteristics of nurse mentors , and barriers to mentoring programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 literature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 desired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 nonetheless 2 ,
1 nonetheless 4 literature
3 the 4 literature
4 literature 5 review
4 literature 7 provided
4 literature 15 desired
5 review 6 has
6 has 7 provided
7 provided 10 definition
8 a 10 definition
9 mentoring 10 definition
10 definition 13 models
11 , 13 models
12 program 13 models
13 models 14 ,
15 desired 16 characteristics
15 desired 23 to
16 characteristics 17 of
17 of 21 and
18 nurse 19 mentors
19 mentors 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 barriers
23 to 24 mentoring
24 mentoring 25 programs

it has also described the benefits , goals and outcomes of a mentoring relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 4 described
3 also 4 described
4 described 9 and
5 the 6 benefits
6 benefits 7 ,
7 , 8 goals
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 outcomes
9 and 11 of
11 of 14 relationship
12 a 14 relationship
13 mentoring 14 relationship

these insights from the literature provide a foundation for future mentoring program development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 insights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 these 2 insights
2 insights 3 from
2 insights 6 provide
3 from 5 literature
4 the 5 literature
6 provide 8 foundation
7 a 8 foundation
8 foundation 9 for
9 for 13 development
10 future 13 development
11 mentoring 13 development
12 program 13 development

implications for practice : a mentoring program for new nps working in primary care could accelerate productivity , increase job satisfaction , and provide longevity in the primary care setting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 practice
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 implications 2 for
2 for 3 practice
4 : 7 program
4 : 23 and
5 a 7 program
6 mentoring 7 program
7 program 8 for
7 program 15 could
8 for 10 nps
9 new 10 nps
10 nps 11 working
11 working 12 in
11 working 14 care
13 primary 14 care
15 could 23 and
16 accelerate 17 productivity
16 accelerate 23 and
17 productivity 21 satisfaction
18 , 21 satisfaction
19 increase 20 job
20 job 21 satisfaction
21 satisfaction 22 ,
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 provide
23 and 29 care
24 provide 25 longevity
24 provide 26 in
26 in 28 primary
27 the 28 primary
29 care 30 setting

alterations in connective tissue collagen are prominent features of both chronologically aged and photoaged ( [ageing] because of sun exposure ) human skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 alterations 2 in
1 alterations 13 and
2 in 4 tissue
3 connective 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 collagen
4 tissue 9 of
5 collagen 6 are
6 are 8 features
7 prominent 8 features
8 features 9 of
10 both 12 aged
11 chronologically 12 aged
12 aged 13 and
13 and 14 photoaged
13 and 18 of
13 and 23 skin
15 ( 18 of
17 because 18 of
18 of 20 exposure
18 of 21 )
19 sun 20 exposure
22 human 23 skin

these age - related abnormalities are mediated in part by cysteine - rich protein 61 ( ccn1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 these 2 age
3 - 5 abnormalities
3 - 7 mediated
3 - 19 .
4 related 5 abnormalities
5 abnormalities 6 are
6 are 7 mediated
7 mediated 9 part
8 in 9 part
9 part 10 by
10 by 11 cysteine
11 cysteine 14 protein
12 - 14 protein
13 rich 14 protein
14 protein 15 61
14 protein 17 ccn1
14 protein 18 )
16 ( 17 ccn1
17 ccn1 18 )

ccn1 is elevated in the dermis of both chronologically aged and photoaged human skin in vivo and promotes aberrant collagen homeostasis by down - regulating type i collagen , the major structural protein in skin , and promoting collagen degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ccn1
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 collagen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 ccn1 2 is
2 is 3 elevated
3 elevated 4 in
4 in 6 dermis
5 the 6 dermis
6 dermis 7 of
7 of 11 and
8 both 10 aged
9 chronologically 10 aged
10 aged 11 and
11 and 17 and
12 photoaged 14 skin
12 photoaged 16 vivo
12 photoaged 17 and
13 human 14 skin
15 in 16 vivo
17 and 18 promotes
18 promotes 20 collagen
19 aberrant 20 collagen
20 collagen 21 homeostasis
20 collagen 28 collagen
21 homeostasis 22 by
21 homeostasis 28 collagen
22 by 26 type
23 down 24 -
23 down 26 type
25 regulating 26 type
26 type 27 i
29 , 37 and
29 , 39 collagen
30 the 33 protein
31 major 33 protein
32 structural 33 protein
33 protein 34 in
33 protein 37 and
34 in 35 skin
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 promoting
37 and 39 collagen
39 collagen 40 degradation

vitamin a and its metabolites have been shown to improve chronologically aged and photoaged skin by promoting deposition of new collagen and preventing its degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 vitamin 2 a
1 vitamin 3 and
3 and 5 metabolites
3 and 6 have
4 its 5 metabolites
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 shown
8 shown 9 to
8 shown 25 degradation
9 to 10 improve
10 improve 11 chronologically
10 improve 13 and
10 improve 16 by
12 aged 13 and
13 and 15 skin
14 photoaged 15 skin
16 by 17 promoting
17 promoting 18 deposition
18 deposition 19 of
19 of 22 and
20 new 21 collagen
21 collagen 22 and
22 and 23 preventing
24 its 25 degradation

here , we investigated regulation of ccn1 expression by retinoids in skin equivalent cultures and chronologically aged and photoaged human skin in vivo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 regulation
4 investigated 9 by
5 regulation 6 of
6 of 8 expression
7 ccn1 8 expression
9 by 15 and
10 retinoids 11 in
10 retinoids 15 and
11 in 14 cultures
12 skin 14 cultures
13 equivalent 14 cultures
15 and 18 and
15 and 23 vivo
16 chronologically 17 aged
17 aged 18 and
18 and 19 photoaged
18 and 21 skin
20 human 21 skin
22 in 23 vivo

addition of recombinant human ccn1 to skin equivalent cultures significantly reduced type i procollagen and increased mmp - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 addition 2 of
1 addition 15 and
2 of 5 ccn1
3 recombinant 5 ccn1
4 human 5 ccn1
5 ccn1 6 to
5 ccn1 13 i
5 ccn1 14 procollagen
6 to 7 skin
7 skin 9 cultures
7 skin 12 type
8 equivalent 9 cultures
9 cultures 11 reduced
9 cultures 12 type
10 significantly 11 reduced
13 i 14 procollagen
15 and 17 mmp
16 increased 17 mmp
18 - 19 1

importantly [,] [ra] significantly reduced ccn1 expression [in] skin equivalent cultures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 cultures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 importantly 5 reduced
4 significantly 5 reduced
5 reduced 11 cultures
6 ccn1 11 cultures
7 expression 11 cultures
9 skin 11 cultures
10 equivalent 11 cultures

topical treatment with retinol ( vitamin a , 0.4 % ) for 7 days significantly reduced ccn1 mrna and protein expression in both chronologically aged ( 80+years ) and photoaged human skin in vivo , compared to vehicle [-] treated skin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 topical 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 with
2 treatment 12 for
2 treatment 35 ,
3 with 4 retinol
4 retinol 6 vitamin
5 ( 6 vitamin
6 vitamin 7 a
6 vitamin 10 %
6 vitamin 11 )
8 , 10 %
9 0.4 10 %
10 % 11 )
12 for 14 days
13 7 14 days
15 significantly 16 reduced
16 reduced 17 ccn1
16 reduced 35 ,
17 ccn1 29 and
17 ccn1 32 skin
18 mrna 19 and
19 and 21 expression
19 and 22 in
19 and 25 aged
19 and 27 80+years
19 and 29 and
20 protein 21 expression
22 in 23 both
24 chronologically 25 aged
26 ( 27 80+years
27 80+years 28 )
29 and 31 human
29 and 32 skin
30 photoaged 31 human
32 skin 34 vivo
33 in 34 vivo
35 , 36 compared
36 compared 37 to
37 to 41 skin
38 vehicle 40 treated
40 treated 41 skin

these data indicate that the mechanism by which retinoids improve aged skin , through increased collagen production , involves down - regulation of ccn1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 mechanism
4 that 19 involves
5 the 6 mechanism
6 mechanism 7 by
6 mechanism 19 involves
7 by 8 which
7 by 9 retinoids
7 by 10 improve
9 retinoids 10 improve
10 improve 12 skin
11 aged 12 skin
12 skin 17 production
13 , 17 production
14 through 17 production
15 increased 17 production
16 collagen 17 production
17 production 18 ,
19 involves 22 regulation
20 down 21 -
20 down 22 regulation
22 regulation 23 of
23 of 24 ccn1

cataracts are crystalline lens opacities leading to a loss of visual acuity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cataracts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 cataracts 2 are
2 are 5 opacities
3 crystalline 4 lens
4 lens 5 opacities
5 opacities 6 leading
6 leading 7 to
7 to 9 loss
8 a 9 loss
9 loss 10 of
10 of 12 acuity
11 visual 12 acuity

cataracts mainly affect the elderly , and [are] more or less incapacitating depending on their intensity and location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cataracts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 cataracts 3 affect
2 mainly 3 affect
3 affect 13 depending
3 affect 14 on
4 the 13 depending
5 elderly 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 12 incapacitating
7 and 13 depending
9 more 10 or
10 or 11 less
10 or 12 incapacitating
14 on 17 and
15 their 16 intensity
16 intensity 17 and
17 and 18 location

cataracts are irreversible . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cataracts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 .
1 cataracts 2 are
2 are 3 irreversible

they are rarely [drug] - related but can be caused by a wide variety of medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 rarely
5 - 7 but
5 - 17 .
6 related 7 but
7 but 8 can
8 can 9 be
9 be 10 caused
10 caused 11 by
11 by 14 variety
12 a 13 wide
12 a 14 variety
13 wide 14 variety
14 variety 15 of
15 of 16 medications

the most frequently implicated drugs are corticosteroids , even after local or inhaled treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 most
2 most 3 frequently
3 frequently 4 implicated
4 implicated 5 drugs
5 drugs 6 are
6 are 8 ,
7 corticosteroids 8 ,
8 , 9 even
9 even 10 after
10 after 12 or
11 local 12 or
12 or 14 treatment
13 inhaled 14 treatment

bed bug infestations have resurged globally , nationally , and [locally] , yet the public health community in the u.s [.] has yet to mount a coordinated response to the escalating bed bug problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 infestations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 resurged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 mount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 bed 3 infestations
2 bug 3 infestations
3 infestations 4 have
4 have 5 resurged
5 resurged 6 globally
5 resurged 8 nationally
7 , 8 nationally
8 nationally 9 ,
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 ,
10 and 13 yet
10 and 17 community
10 and 22 has
14 the 17 community
15 public 16 health
16 health 17 community
17 community 18 in
17 community 22 has
18 in 20 u.s
19 the 20 u.s
22 has 23 yet
22 has 24 to
24 to 25 mount
25 mount 28 response
26 a 28 response
27 coordinated 28 response
28 response 29 to
29 to 34 problem
30 the 34 problem
31 escalating 32 bed
32 bed 34 problem
33 bug 34 problem

surveys of attendees at the 2009 national environmental health association annual educational conference & exhibition , 2009 ohio association of health commissioners fall conference , 2009 central ohio bed bug summit , and 2010 hamilton county council on aging annual conference were conducted to gauge opinions about bed bugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 surveys 2 of
1 surveys 33 and
2 of 3 attendees
3 attendees 4 at
3 attendees 19 association
4 at 15 exhibition
5 the 6 2009
6 2009 15 exhibition
7 national 8 environmental
8 environmental 9 health
9 health 10 association
10 association 11 annual
11 annual 12 educational
12 educational 13 conference
13 conference 14 &
14 & 15 exhibition
16 , 19 association
17 2009 19 association
18 ohio 19 association
19 association 20 of
19 association 32 ,
20 of 24 conference
21 health 22 commissioners
22 commissioners 23 fall
23 fall 24 conference
24 conference 31 summit
25 , 31 summit
26 2009 28 ohio
27 central 28 ohio
28 ohio 29 bed
29 bed 30 bug
30 bug 31 summit
31 summit 32 ,
33 and 37 council
33 and 38 on
33 and 42 were
34 2010 37 council
35 hamilton 36 county
36 county 37 council
38 on 41 conference
39 aging 40 annual
40 annual 41 conference
42 were 43 conducted
43 conducted 44 to
44 to 45 gauge
45 gauge 46 opinions
45 gauge 47 about
47 about 49 bugs
48 bed 49 bugs

survey results revealed that 90 % of all respondents considered bed bugs to be a public health concern , and 73 % indicated that bed bugs pose an environmental justice concern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 survey 2 results
1 survey 13 to
2 results 3 revealed
2 results 4 that
2 results 10 considered
4 that 6 %
4 that 10 considered
5 90 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 10 considered
7 of 9 respondents
8 all 9 respondents
10 considered 12 bugs
11 bed 12 bugs
13 to 14 be
14 be 18 concern
15 a 18 concern
16 public 17 health
17 health 18 concern
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 %
20 and 23 indicated
21 73 22 %
22 % 23 indicated
23 indicated 24 that
24 that 26 bugs
24 that 27 pose
25 bed 26 bugs
26 bugs 27 pose
27 pose 31 concern
28 an 29 environmental
28 an 31 concern
29 environmental 30 justice
30 justice 31 concern

these findings , which indicate that bed bugs are an inescapable public health mandate with environmental justice undertones , should rally public health agencies at federal , state , and local levels to respond with authority of [agency] to the escalating bed bug problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 rally
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 4 which
2 findings 20 should
3 , 4 which
4 which 5 indicate
4 which 19 ,
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 8 bugs
6 that 9 are
7 bed 8 bugs
8 bugs 9 are
9 are 14 mandate
10 an 11 inescapable
10 an 14 mandate
11 inescapable 13 health
12 public 13 health
13 health 14 mandate
14 mandate 15 with
15 with 18 undertones
16 environmental 17 justice
17 justice 18 undertones
20 should 21 rally
21 rally 24 agencies
21 rally 25 at
21 rally 33 to
22 public 23 health
23 health 24 agencies
25 at 30 and
26 federal 27 ,
27 , 28 state
27 , 30 and
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 levels
31 local 32 levels
33 to 34 respond
34 respond 35 with
35 with 36 authority
36 authority 37 of
37 of 39 to
39 to 44 problem
40 the 44 problem
41 escalating 42 bed
42 bed 44 problem
43 bug 44 problem

human cytomegalovirus ( hcmv ) is [a] ubiquitous beta human herpesvirus type 5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cytomegalovirus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 human 2 cytomegalovirus
2 cytomegalovirus 4 hcmv
2 cytomegalovirus 6 is
3 ( 4 hcmv
4 hcmv 5 )
6 is 12 type
8 ubiquitous 9 beta
9 beta 12 type
10 human 11 herpesvirus
11 herpesvirus 12 type
12 type 13 5

compared to other human herpesviruses , hcmv is the largest , with a genome of approximately 235 kb containing approximately 250 orfs with the potential to encode proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 hcmv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
1 compared 2 to
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 7 hcmv
2 to 5 herpesviruses
3 other 5 herpesviruses
4 human 5 herpesviruses
7 hcmv 8 is
8 is 10 largest
9 the 10 largest
10 largest 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 genome
12 with 29 .
13 a 14 genome
14 genome 15 of
14 genome 19 containing
15 of 18 kb
16 approximately 17 235
17 235 18 kb
19 containing 22 orfs
19 containing 23 with
19 containing 26 to
20 approximately 21 250
21 250 22 orfs
23 with 25 potential
24 the 25 potential
26 to 27 encode
27 encode 28 proteins

usually , hcmv asymptomatically infects the host during childhood , and establishes life - long latency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hcmv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 usually 2 ,
1 usually 3 hcmv
3 hcmv 11 and
4 asymptomatically 5 infects
5 infects 7 host
5 infects 8 during
5 infects 11 and
6 the 7 host
8 during 9 childhood
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 establishes
12 establishes 13 life
14 - 16 latency
15 long 16 latency

the infection is life - threatening for infants and immunocompromised individuals , because of direct cytopathicity by viral replication [,] causing systemic organ injuries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 infection
2 infection 3 is
3 is 4 life
3 is 14 of
3 is 17 by
4 life 9 and
5 - 9 and
6 threatening 7 for
6 threatening 9 and
7 for 8 infants
9 and 11 individuals
9 and 12 ,
10 immunocompromised 11 individuals
13 because 14 of
14 of 16 cytopathicity
15 direct 16 cytopathicity
17 by 24 injuries
18 viral 19 replication
19 replication 24 injuries
21 causing 24 injuries
22 systemic 23 organ
23 organ 24 injuries

intrauterine infection occasionally causes microcephaly [,] sensorineural hearing loss and mental retardation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 intrauterine 2 infection
2 infection 4 causes
3 occasionally 4 causes
4 causes 5 microcephaly
4 causes 10 and
7 sensorineural 8 hearing
8 hearing 9 loss
9 loss 10 and
10 and 12 retardation
11 mental 12 retardation

hcmv [genome] contains a number of accessory genes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hcmv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 hcmv 3 contains
3 contains 8 genes
4 a 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 8 genes
6 of 8 genes
7 accessory 8 genes

most of them are engaged in immune evasion or inhibition of cell death , possibly , resulting in [a] symbiosis between virus and host . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 them
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 engaged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 3 them
2 of 3 them
3 them 4 are
4 are 5 engaged
5 engaged 6 in
5 engaged 18 in
6 in 9 or
7 immune 8 evasion
8 evasion 9 or
9 or 10 inhibition
9 or 11 of
11 of 13 death
12 cell 13 death
13 death 17 resulting
14 , 15 possibly
15 possibly 16 ,
15 possibly 17 resulting
18 in 23 and
20 symbiosis 21 between
20 symbiosis 23 and
21 between 22 virus
23 and 24 host

cd34 - positive myeloid progenitor cells are considered as a site of latency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cd34 2 -
1 cd34 6 cells
3 positive 5 progenitor
4 myeloid 5 progenitor
5 progenitor 6 cells
6 cells 7 are
7 are 8 considered
8 considered 9 as
9 as 11 site
10 a 11 site
11 site 12 of
12 of 13 latency

however , the molecular mechanisms by which hcmv establishes and maintains latency and reactivates remain poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 mechanisms
3 the 5 mechanisms
4 molecular 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 by
5 mechanisms 17 understood
6 by 7 which
6 by 8 hcmv
6 by 15 remain
8 hcmv 10 and
8 hcmv 15 remain
9 establishes 10 and
10 and 13 and
11 maintains 12 latency
11 maintains 13 and
13 and 14 reactivates
16 poorly 17 understood

recently in japan , the decline of maternal hcmv seropositivity may increase the risk of intrauterine infection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 recently 6 decline
2 in 3 japan
2 in 4 ,
2 in 6 decline
5 the 6 decline
6 decline 7 of
6 decline 11 may
7 of 10 seropositivity
8 maternal 10 seropositivity
9 hcmv 10 seropositivity
11 may 12 increase
12 increase 14 risk
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 17 infection
16 intrauterine 17 infection

it needs to immediately establish the protection against transplacental hcmv infection , such as a new type of neutralizing antibody or vaccine , which effectively interferes viral entry specific to endothelial and epithelial cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 needs
1 it 2 needs
2 needs 3 to
2 needs 5 establish
3 to 5 establish
4 immediately 5 establish
5 establish 7 protection
5 establish 8 against
6 the 7 protection
8 against 11 infection
9 transplacental 11 infection
10 hcmv 11 infection
11 infection 14 as
12 , 14 as
13 such 14 as
14 as 28 entry
14 as 35 .
15 a 18 of
16 new 18 of
17 type 18 of
18 of 20 antibody
18 of 21 or
19 neutralizing 20 antibody
21 or 22 vaccine
21 or 23 ,
21 or 24 which
21 or 26 interferes
21 or 27 viral
24 which 26 interferes
25 effectively 26 interferes
27 viral 28 entry
28 entry 29 specific
29 specific 30 to
30 to 34 cells
31 endothelial 32 and
32 and 33 epithelial
32 and 34 cells

furthermore , hcmv infection might be considered as the most important factor for driving immune senescence in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 infection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 infection
3 hcmv 4 infection
4 infection 5 might
5 might 6 be
6 be 7 considered
7 considered 8 as
8 as 12 factor
9 the 12 factor
10 most 11 important
11 important 12 factor
12 factor 13 for
13 for 14 driving
14 driving 16 senescence
14 driving 17 in
15 immune 16 senescence
17 in 19 elderly
18 the 19 elderly

introduction : loss of lumbar extensor muscle strength and fatigue resistance may contribute to functional disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 3 loss
3 loss 4 of
3 loss 11 resistance
3 loss 13 contribute
4 of 9 and
5 lumbar 6 extensor
6 extensor 8 strength
7 muscle 8 strength
8 strength 9 and
9 and 10 fatigue
11 resistance 12 may
12 may 13 contribute
13 contribute 14 to
14 to 16 disability
15 functional 16 disability

methods : two groups of subjects were recruited : young ( n = 26 , 20 - 35 years of age ) and old ( n = 26 , ≥65 years of age ) adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 groups
2 : 8 recruited
2 : 9 :
3 two 4 groups
4 groups 5 of
4 groups 7 were
5 of 6 subjects
7 were 8 recruited
9 : 35 adults
9 : 36 .
10 young 13 =
10 young 17 -
10 young 23 and
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 26
13 = 15 ,
15 , 17 -
16 20 17 -
17 - 19 years
17 - 22 )
18 35 19 years
19 years 20 of
20 of 21 age
23 and 24 old
23 and 35 adults
24 old 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 26
28 26 31 years
29 , 31 years
30 ≥65 31 years
31 years 32 of
31 years 34 )
32 of 33 age

lumbar extensor muscle strength was measured with a load cell , and electromyographic activities were recorded to study muscle fatigue at 60 % of maximum voluntary contraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 measured
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 lumbar 2 extensor
2 extensor 3 muscle
3 muscle 4 strength
4 strength 5 was
5 was 6 measured
6 measured 7 with
7 with 10 cell
8 a 10 cell
9 load 10 cell
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 activities
12 and 16 recorded
13 electromyographic 14 activities
14 activities 15 were
15 were 16 recorded
16 recorded 17 to
17 to 18 study
18 study 20 fatigue
19 muscle 20 fatigue
20 fatigue 21 at
21 at 23 %
22 60 23 %
23 % 24 of
24 of 27 contraction
25 maximum 27 contraction
26 voluntary 27 contraction

results : we found that the muscle moments generated by the extensor muscles decreased with age ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 22 .
3 we 4 found
4 found 5 that
5 that 8 moments
5 that 9 generated
6 the 8 moments
7 muscle 8 moments
8 moments 9 generated
9 generated 10 by
9 generated 13 muscles
10 by 12 extensor
11 the 12 extensor
13 muscles 14 decreased
13 muscles 19 <
14 decreased 15 with
15 with 16 age
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.05
19 < 21 )

aging was associated with a significant increase in the power of the lower frequency band ( 101 - 200 hz ) of the electromyographic signals ( p < 0.05 ) , but the spectral characteristics did not appear to change with sustained contraction ( p > 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 aging 2 was
2 was 3 associated
3 associated 4 with
3 associated 8 in
4 with 7 increase
5 a 6 significant
5 a 7 increase
6 significant 7 increase
8 in 10 power
9 the 10 power
10 power 11 of
10 power 18 -
10 power 22 of
11 of 15 band
12 the 15 band
13 lower 15 band
14 frequency 15 band
16 ( 18 -
17 101 18 -
18 - 20 hz
18 - 21 )
19 200 20 hz
22 of 25 signals
23 the 25 signals
24 electromyographic 25 signals
25 signals 28 <
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.05
28 < 30 )
31 , 32 but
32 but 35 characteristics
32 but 38 appear
33 the 35 characteristics
34 spectral 35 characteristics
35 characteristics 36 did
36 did 37 not
36 did 38 appear
38 appear 39 to
38 appear 40 change
39 to 40 change
40 change 41 with
40 change 46 >
41 with 43 contraction
42 sustained 43 contraction
44 ( 46 >
45 p 46 >
46 > 47 0.05
46 > 48 )

conclusions : the changes in strength and spectral properties of the electromyographic signals of lumbar extensor muscles may be related to age - related alterations in muscle fiber composition and recruitment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 19 be
2 : 24 related
3 the 4 changes
4 changes 5 in
4 changes 7 and
5 in 6 strength
7 and 9 properties
7 and 18 may
8 spectral 9 properties
9 properties 10 of
10 of 13 signals
11 the 13 signals
12 electromyographic 13 signals
13 signals 14 of
14 of 17 muscles
15 lumbar 17 muscles
16 extensor 17 muscles
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 related
20 related 21 to
21 to 22 age
23 - 24 related
24 related 25 alterations
24 related 26 in
26 in 30 and
27 muscle 29 composition
28 fiber 29 composition
29 composition 30 and
30 and 31 recruitment

these changes should be considered [in] clinical [functional] [task] [evaluation] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 considered
5 considered 7 clinical

none the [objective] of this study was to investigate the relationship between cutaneous vasodilatory function [and] nonlinear complexity of blood flow oscillations ( bfo ) in older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 none 2 the
1 none 7 was
1 none 15 function
2 the 4 of
2 the 7 was
4 of 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 was 8 to
8 to 9 investigate
9 investigate 11 relationship
9 investigate 12 between
10 the 11 relationship
12 between 14 vasodilatory
13 cutaneous 14 vasodilatory
15 function 18 complexity
15 function 26 in
17 nonlinear 18 complexity
18 complexity 19 of
18 complexity 24 bfo
19 of 22 oscillations
20 blood 21 flow
21 flow 22 oscillations
23 ( 24 bfo
24 bfo 25 )
26 in 28 people
27 older 28 people

a [non] - painful fast local heating protocol was applied to the sacral skin in 20 older subjects with various vasodilatory functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 a
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 a 3 -
3 - 8 protocol
4 painful 5 fast
5 fast 8 protocol
6 local 7 heating
7 heating 8 protocol
8 protocol 9 was
9 was 10 applied
10 applied 11 to
10 applied 15 in
10 applied 19 with
11 to 14 skin
12 the 14 skin
13 sacral 14 skin
15 in 18 subjects
16 20 18 subjects
17 older 18 subjects
19 with 22 functions
20 various 21 vasodilatory
21 vasodilatory 22 functions

laser doppler flowmetry was used to measure skin blood oscillations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 laser
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 laser 2 doppler
2 doppler 3 flowmetry
2 doppler 7 measure
3 flowmetry 4 was
4 was 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 measure
6 to 7 measure
7 measure 10 oscillations
8 skin 10 oscillations
9 blood 10 oscillations

compared with the 65 - 75 years group , the complexity of metabolic bfo in the 75 - 85 years group was significantly lower at the baseline ( p < 0.05 ) and the second peak ( p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 complexity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 9 ,
1 compared 11 complexity
2 with 8 group
3 the 8 group
4 65 5 -
5 - 6 75
5 - 7 years
7 years 8 group
10 the 11 complexity
11 complexity 12 of
11 complexity 15 in
11 complexity 22 was
12 of 14 bfo
13 metabolic 14 bfo
15 in 17 75
16 the 17 75
17 75 20 years
17 75 21 group
18 - 19 85
19 85 20 years
20 years 21 group
22 was 23 significantly
22 was 24 lower
24 lower 25 at
24 lower 30 <
25 at 27 baseline
26 the 27 baseline
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 31 0.05
30 < 32 )
33 and 35 second
33 and 36 peak
34 the 35 second
35 second 36 peak
36 peak 39 <
37 ( 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.001
39 < 41 )

compared with baseline bfo , subjects in the 65 - 75 years group had a significant increase in the complexity of metabolic bfo ( p < 0.01 ) in response to local heating ; while subjects in the 75 - 85 years group did not . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 6 subjects
2 with 3 baseline
2 with 4 bfo
6 subjects 7 in
6 subjects 14 had
7 in 9 65
8 the 9 65
9 65 12 years
9 65 13 group
10 - 11 75
11 75 12 years
12 years 13 group
14 had 17 increase
14 had 30 response
14 had 31 to
15 a 17 increase
16 significant 17 increase
17 increase 18 in
17 increase 26 <
18 in 20 complexity
19 the 20 complexity
20 complexity 21 of
21 of 23 bfo
22 metabolic 23 bfo
24 ( 26 <
25 p 26 <
26 < 27 0.01
26 < 28 )
29 in 30 response
31 to 33 heating
32 local 33 heating
34 ; 41 85
35 while 36 subjects
35 while 41 85
37 in 39 75
37 in 41 85
38 the 39 75
40 - 41 85
41 85 42 years
41 85 43 group
41 85 44 did
42 years 43 group
44 did 45 not

our findings support the use of multifractal analysis to assess aging - related microvascular dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 related
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 support
3 support 5 use
4 the 5 use
5 use 6 of
5 use 11 aging
6 of 8 analysis
7 multifractal 8 analysis
8 analysis 9 to
8 analysis 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
12 - 13 related
13 related 15 dysfunction
13 related 16 .
14 microvascular 15 dysfunction

aims/hypothesis : previous danish twin studies have found a highly increased risk of precursors of type 2 diabetes as well as a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes among twins compared with singletons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims/hypothesis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 6 studies
2 : 8 found
3 previous 4 danish
4 danish 6 studies
5 twin 6 studies
6 studies 7 have
7 have 8 found
8 found 12 risk
8 found 28 diabetes
9 a 10 highly
9 a 12 risk
10 highly 11 increased
12 risk 13 of
13 of 14 precursors
14 precursors 15 of
14 precursors 21 as
14 precursors 25 of
15 of 18 diabetes
16 type 18 diabetes
17 2 18 diabetes
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 24 prevalence
22 a 24 prevalence
23 higher 24 prevalence
25 of 26 type
26 type 27 2
28 diabetes 29 among
28 diabetes 31 compared
29 among 30 twins
31 compared 32 with
32 with 33 singletons

likewise , small - scale studies of danish twins have shown that monozygotic twins have a higher risk of developing precursors of type 2 diabetes compared with dizygotic twins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 likewise 2 ,
1 likewise 6 studies
3 small 4 -
3 small 5 scale
5 scale 6 studies
6 studies 7 of
6 studies 10 have
7 of 9 twins
8 danish 9 twins
10 have 11 shown
11 shown 14 twins
11 shown 15 have
12 that 13 monozygotic
13 monozygotic 14 twins
14 twins 15 have
15 have 18 risk
15 have 27 with
16 a 18 risk
17 higher 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
18 risk 22 of
18 risk 25 diabetes
18 risk 26 compared
19 of 20 developing
20 developing 21 precursors
22 of 23 type
23 type 24 2
25 diabetes 26 compared
27 with 29 twins
28 dizygotic 29 twins

in the present register - based study , the 10 year period diabetes prevalence in danish twins is compared with that in a random sample of danish citizens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 4 register
1 in 8 ,
1 in 14 prevalence
2 the 4 register
3 present 4 register
4 register 7 study
5 - 7 study
6 based 7 study
7 study 8 ,
9 the 14 prevalence
10 10 11 year
11 year 14 prevalence
12 period 14 prevalence
13 diabetes 14 prevalence
14 prevalence 15 in
14 prevalence 18 is
15 in 17 twins
16 danish 17 twins
18 is 19 compared
19 compared 20 with
19 compared 22 in
20 with 21 that
22 in 25 sample
23 a 25 sample
24 random 25 sample
25 sample 26 of
26 of 28 citizens
27 danish 28 citizens

furthermore , the 10 year period prevalence of diabetes in monozygotic twins is compared with that in dizygotic twins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 prevalence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 prevalence
3 the 7 prevalence
4 10 5 year
5 year 7 prevalence
6 period 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
7 prevalence 13 is
8 of 9 diabetes
9 diabetes 10 in
10 in 12 twins
11 monozygotic 12 twins
13 is 14 compared
14 compared 15 with
14 compared 17 in
15 with 16 that
17 in 19 twins
18 dizygotic 19 twins

methods : the study population [consisted] of twins ( n = 77,885 ) identified in the danish twin registry , and a 5 % random sample ( n = 215,264 ) from the birth cohorts 1910 - 1989 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 5 population
3 the 5 population
4 study 5 population
5 population 7 of
5 population 14 identified
7 of 8 twins
8 twins 11 =
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 77,885
11 = 13 )
14 identified 15 in
14 identified 29 =
14 identified 32 from
14 identified 37 -
15 in 21 and
16 the 17 danish
17 danish 19 registry
18 twin 19 registry
19 registry 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 26 sample
22 a 26 sample
23 5 24 %
24 % 26 sample
25 random 26 sample
27 ( 29 =
28 n 29 =
29 = 30 215,264
29 = 31 )
32 from 35 cohorts
33 the 35 cohorts
34 birth 35 cohorts
36 1910 37 -
37 - 38 1989

we identified diabetes patients by means of three nationwide danish health registers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 identified
2 identified 4 patients
2 identified 5 by
3 diabetes 4 patients
5 by 6 means
6 means 7 of
7 of 12 registers
8 three 12 registers
9 nationwide 11 health
10 danish 11 health
11 health 12 registers

results : the number of identified diabetes cases among males was 6,677 ( 6.24 % ) for singletons vs 2,271 ( 5.68 % ) for twins ( [difference] = 0.56 % [ 0.29 - 0.83 % ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 4 number
2 : 11 was
3 the 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 11 was
5 of 8 cases
6 identified 7 diabetes
7 diabetes 8 cases
8 cases 9 among
9 among 10 males
11 was 12 6,677
11 was 17 for
12 6,677 15 %
13 ( 15 %
14 6.24 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 for 18 singletons
18 singletons 19 vs
18 singletons 25 for
19 vs 20 2,271
20 2,271 23 %
21 ( 23 %
22 5.68 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 for 26 twins
26 twins 31 %
27 ( 31 %
29 = 30 0.56
30 0.56 31 %
31 % 36 %
31 % 38 )
32 [ 36 %
33 0.29 34 -
34 - 35 0.83
34 - 36 %
36 % 37 ]

the number among females was 6,143 ( 5.67 % ) for singletons [and] 1,722 ( 4.54 % ) for twins ( [difference] = 1.13 % [ 0.88 - 0.38 % ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 among
2 number 5 was
3 among 4 females
5 was 6 6,143
5 was 11 for
5 was 19 for
6 6,143 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 5.67 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 for 12 singletons
12 singletons 14 1,722
12 singletons 17 %
15 ( 17 %
16 4.54 17 %
17 % 18 )
19 for 20 twins
20 twins 25 %
21 ( 25 %
23 = 24 1.13
24 1.13 25 %
25 % 30 %
25 % 32 )
26 [ 30 %
27 0.88 28 -
28 - 29 0.38
28 - 30 %
30 % 31 ]

restriction to various birth cohorts , known zygosity and known type 2 diabetes did not alter the overall conclusions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 alter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 restriction 2 to
1 restriction 6 ,
2 to 5 cohorts
3 various 4 birth
4 birth 5 cohorts
6 , 8 zygosity
6 , 9 and
7 known 8 zygosity
9 and 13 diabetes
9 and 14 did
10 known 11 type
11 type 13 diabetes
12 2 13 diabetes
14 did 15 not
14 did 16 alter
16 alter 19 conclusions
17 the 19 conclusions
18 overall 19 conclusions

the difference between monozygotic twins ( males , 5.29 % [;] females , 4.40 % ) and dizygotic twins ( males , 5.77 % ; females , 4.63 % [ )(was [non] [-] significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 2 difference
2 difference 3 between
2 difference 17 and
3 between 5 twins
4 monozygotic 5 twins
5 twins 7 males
5 twins 12 females
5 twins 15 %
6 ( 7 males
7 males 8 ,
8 , 12 females
9 5.29 12 females
10 % 12 females
12 females 13 ,
13 , 15 %
14 4.40 15 %
15 % 16 )
17 and 19 twins
17 and 21 males
17 and 24 %
18 dizygotic 19 twins
20 ( 21 males
21 males 22 ,
22 , 24 %
23 5.77 24 %
24 % 25 ;
25 ; 26 females
25 ; 27 ,
27 , 29 %
27 , 31 )(was
28 4.63 29 %
29 % 31 )(was
31 )(was 34 significant

conclusions/interpretation : danish twins do not have an increased risk of developing diabetes compared with singletons , and the risk of diabetes among monozygotic twins does not differ from that of dizygotic twins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions/interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 4 twins
2 : 7 have
2 : 18 and
3 danish 4 twins
4 twins 5 do
5 do 6 not
5 do 7 have
7 have 10 risk
8 an 10 risk
9 increased 10 risk
10 risk 11 of
10 risk 14 compared
11 of 12 developing
12 developing 13 diabetes
14 compared 15 with
15 with 16 singletons
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 risk
18 and 28 differ
19 the 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
20 risk 26 does
21 of 22 diabetes
22 diabetes 23 among
23 among 25 twins
24 monozygotic 25 twins
26 does 27 not
26 does 28 differ
28 differ 29 from
29 from 30 that
30 that 31 of
31 of 33 twins
32 dizygotic 33 twins

shorter survival in the elderly has been associated with deterioration of the immune system and also with functional disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 shorter 2 survival
2 survival 3 in
2 survival 6 has
3 in 5 elderly
4 the 5 elderly
6 has 7 been
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 15 and
9 with 10 deterioration
9 with 15 and
10 deterioration 11 of
11 of 14 system
12 the 14 system
13 immune 14 system
15 and 16 also
15 and 17 with
17 with 19 disability
18 functional 19 disability

to analyze the relationship between functional and immune impairment in older individuals , we studied 100 [elderly] who lived in a nursing home , were age matched , and grouped according to their functional status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 to 2 analyze
1 to 13 ,
1 to 14 we
2 analyze 4 relationship
3 the 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
5 between 7 and
6 functional 7 and
7 and 9 impairment
7 and 13 ,
8 immune 9 impairment
9 impairment 10 in
10 in 12 individuals
11 older 12 individuals
14 we 15 studied
15 studied 16 100
16 100 18 who
16 100 19 lived
18 who 19 lived
19 lived 20 in
20 in 23 home
21 a 23 home
22 nursing 23 home
24 , 25 were
25 were 29 and
25 were 32 to
26 age 27 matched
26 age 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 31 according
30 grouped 31 according
32 to 35 status
33 their 35 status
34 functional 35 status

we characterized cell subpopulations by flow cytometry , quantified trec by rt - pcr , and measured [the] [t] - cell proliferation and activation response ( ifn - [γ] by elispot , cd69 ) against anti - cd3 [and] cmv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 we 8 ,
2 characterized 4 subpopulations
2 characterized 8 ,
3 cell 4 subpopulations
4 subpopulations 5 by
5 by 7 cytometry
6 flow 7 cytometry
8 , 9 quantified
9 quantified 10 trec
9 quantified 11 by
9 quantified 35 against
11 by 23 and
12 rt 14 pcr
13 - 14 pcr
14 pcr 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 22 proliferation
16 and 23 and
17 measured 20 -
17 measured 21 cell
21 cell 22 proliferation
23 and 25 response
23 and 27 ifn
24 activation 25 response
26 ( 27 ifn
27 ifn 30 by
27 ifn 33 cd69
27 ifn 34 )
28 - 30 by
30 by 31 elispot
30 by 32 ,
32 , 33 cd69
33 cd69 34 )
35 against 38 cd3
36 anti 37 -
36 anti 38 cd3
38 cd3 40 cmv

specific antibody titers against influenza virus [and] cmv were determined by elisa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 titers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 specific 2 antibody
2 antibody 3 titers
3 titers 4 against
3 titers 9 were
4 against 6 virus
5 influenza 6 virus
6 virus 8 cmv
9 were 10 determined
10 determined 11 by
11 by 12 elisa

individuals with worse functional status had significantly higher levels of nk cells and fewer [b] cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 individuals 2 with
1 individuals 6 had
2 with 5 status
3 worse 5 status
4 functional 5 status
6 had 9 levels
7 significantly 8 higher
8 higher 9 levels
9 levels 10 of
10 of 13 and
11 nk 12 cells
12 cells 13 and
13 and 16 cells
14 fewer 16 cells

these poorly functioning elders also had a significantly lower proportion of cd4+ [t] cells , increased cd8+ [t] cells , and a decreased cd4/cd8 ratio . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 elders
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 these 4 elders
2 poorly 3 functioning
3 functioning 4 elders
4 elders 6 had
5 also 6 had
6 had 10 proportion
7 a 10 proportion
8 significantly 9 lower
9 lower 10 proportion
10 proportion 11 of
11 of 14 cells
12 cd4+ 14 cells
15 , 21 and
16 increased 19 cells
17 cd8+ 19 cells
19 cells 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 25 ratio
22 a 25 ratio
23 decreased 25 ratio
24 cd4/cd8 25 ratio

trec levels in cd4+ t cells were significantly lower in individuals with a high disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 trec
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 trec 2 levels
2 levels 3 in
2 levels 4 cd4+
2 levels 12 with
4 cd4+ 5 t
4 cd4+ 6 cells
4 cd4+ 9 lower
6 cells 7 were
7 were 9 lower
8 significantly 9 lower
9 lower 10 in
10 in 11 individuals
12 with 15 disability
13 a 14 high
13 a 15 disability
14 high 15 disability

lower trec levels correlated with a lower frequency of naïve [t] - cell subpopulations ( cd45ra+ccr7+ ) and higher percentages of effector cells ( cd45ra - ccr7 - ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 lower 3 levels
2 trec 3 levels
3 levels 4 correlated
4 correlated 5 with
5 with 20 percentages
6 a 8 frequency
7 lower 8 frequency
8 frequency 9 of
8 frequency 18 and
9 of 14 subpopulations
10 naïve 12 -
10 naïve 13 cell
13 cell 14 subpopulations
14 subpopulations 16 cd45ra+ccr7+
15 ( 16 cd45ra+ccr7+
16 cd45ra+ccr7+ 17 )
18 and 19 higher
18 and 20 percentages
20 percentages 21 of
21 of 23 cells
22 effector 23 cells
23 cells 25 cd45ra
24 ( 25 cd45ra
25 cd45ra 27 ccr7
25 cd45ra 29 )
26 - 27 ccr7
27 ccr7 28 -

the functionally impaired group had lower anti - cd3 responses , but gradually increased responses against cmv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 group
2 functionally 3 impaired
3 impaired 4 group
4 group 5 had
5 had 12 but
5 had 16 against
6 lower 10 responses
7 anti 8 -
7 anti 10 responses
9 cd3 10 responses
10 responses 12 but
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 gradually
12 but 15 responses
14 increased 15 responses
16 against 17 cmv

similarly , the higher [cmv] titers were found [in] elderly with worse functional status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 titers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 similarly 2 ,
1 similarly 6 titers
3 the 6 titers
4 higher 6 titers
6 titers 7 were
7 were 8 found
8 found 10 elderly
10 elderly 11 with
11 with 14 status
12 worse 14 status
13 functional 14 status

on the contrary , [the] functional response in vivo , [and] the titer of antibodies generated after vaccination against influenza virus , was higher in individuals with better performance status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 titer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 on 7 response
1 on 13 titer
2 the 7 response
3 contrary 4 ,
3 contrary 7 response
6 functional 7 response
8 in 9 vivo
9 vivo 10 ,
9 vivo 13 titer
12 the 13 titer
13 titer 14 of
13 titer 22 ,
14 of 15 antibodies
16 generated 17 after
16 generated 19 against
16 generated 21 virus
16 generated 22 ,
17 after 18 vaccination
19 against 20 influenza
22 , 23 was
23 was 24 higher
24 higher 25 in
24 higher 27 with
25 in 26 individuals
27 with 30 status
28 better 29 performance
29 performance 30 status

in summary , we concluded that the functional decline of elderly individuals was clearly associated with the aging of their immune system , and the intensity of the response to cmv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 concluded
4 we 5 concluded
5 concluded 6 that
6 that 9 decline
6 that 15 associated
7 the 9 decline
8 functional 9 decline
9 decline 10 of
9 decline 13 was
10 of 12 individuals
11 elderly 12 individuals
13 was 15 associated
14 clearly 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
15 associated 30 to
16 with 18 aging
17 the 18 aging
18 aging 19 of
19 of 24 and
20 their 22 system
21 immune 22 system
22 system 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 26 intensity
24 and 27 of
25 the 26 intensity
27 of 29 response
28 the 29 response
30 to 31 cmv

inappropriate interleukin - 6 production is thought to play a role in the development of several age - related conditions including atherosclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interleukin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 inappropriate 2 interleukin
2 interleukin 19 related
3 - 7 thought
4 6 5 production
4 6 6 is
4 6 7 thought
5 production 6 is
7 thought 8 to
7 thought 12 in
7 thought 18 -
7 thought 19 related
8 to 9 play
9 play 11 role
10 a 11 role
12 in 14 development
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
15 of 17 age
16 several 17 age
19 related 20 conditions
20 conditions 21 including
21 including 22 atherosclerosis

this study aimed to determine whether aging affects circulating interleukin - 6 ( il - 6 ) levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 aimed
3 aimed 4 to
4 to 5 determine
5 determine 6 whether
6 whether 7 aging
6 whether 8 affects
7 aging 8 affects
8 affects 10 interleukin
9 circulating 10 interleukin
11 - 14 il
11 - 18 levels
12 6 14 il
13 ( 14 il
14 il 15 -
14 il 16 6
14 il 18 levels
15 - 16 6
16 6 17 )

cytokine levels in serum and those produced from peripheral blood mononuclear [cell] ( pbmc ) were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 cytokine 2 levels
2 levels 3 in
2 levels 7 produced
2 levels 14 pbmc
2 levels 16 were
3 in 5 and
4 serum 5 and
5 and 6 those
7 produced 8 from
7 produced 11 mononuclear
8 from 10 blood
9 peripheral 10 blood
13 ( 14 pbmc
14 pbmc 15 )
16 were 17 measured

the oldest group had the highest circulating levels of il - 6 [and] oxidized low - density lipoprotein ( ox - ldl ) and higher pbmc production of il - 6 , tumor necrosis factor - α ( tnf - α ) , and interleukin - 1 alpha ( il - 1β ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 the 2 oldest
1 the 3 group
3 group 4 had
4 had 8 levels
5 the 6 highest
5 the 8 levels
7 circulating 8 levels
8 levels 9 of
9 of 10 il
11 - 12 6
11 - 16 -
12 6 14 oxidized
14 oxidized 15 low
16 - 18 lipoprotein
16 - 24 and
17 density 18 lipoprotein
18 lipoprotein 20 ox
18 lipoprotein 22 ldl
19 ( 20 ox
20 ox 21 -
21 - 22 ldl
22 ldl 23 )
24 and 32 ,
24 and 34 necrosis
25 higher 27 production
26 pbmc 27 production
27 production 28 of
27 production 31 6
28 of 29 il
30 - 31 6
31 6 32 ,
33 tumor 34 necrosis
34 necrosis 35 factor
35 factor 36 -
35 factor 37 α
35 factor 46 -
38 ( 46 -
39 tnf 41 α
39 tnf 44 and
40 - 41 α
41 α 42 )
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 interleukin
44 and 46 -
46 - 48 alpha
46 - 54 .
47 1 48 alpha
48 alpha 50 il
49 ( 50 il
50 il 52 1β
50 il 53 )
51 - 52 1β
52 1β 53 )

additionally , significant interactions between age and menopause were found for serum il - 6 ( p = 0.024 ) , and tnf - α ( p = 0.011 ) and il - 1β ( p < 0.001 ) produced from pbmcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 interactions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 interactions
3 significant 4 interactions
4 interactions 5 between
4 interactions 9 were
5 between 7 and
6 age 7 and
7 and 8 menopause
9 were 10 found
10 found 11 for
10 found 31 and
10 found 41 from
11 for 12 serum
13 il 15 6
13 il 22 and
14 - 15 6
15 6 18 =
15 6 21 ,
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.024
18 = 20 )
22 and 23 tnf
22 and 25 α
22 and 31 and
24 - 25 α
25 α 28 =
25 α 30 )
26 ( 28 =
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.011
31 and 32 il
31 and 40 produced
32 il 34 1β
33 - 34 1β
34 1β 37 <
34 1β 39 )
35 ( 37 <
36 p 37 <
37 < 38 0.001
41 from 42 pbmcs

sub - analysis was performed according to menopausal status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 sub 2 -
1 sub 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 performed
5 performed 7 to
6 according 7 to
7 to 9 status
8 menopausal 9 status

serum il - 6 levels were positively associated with levels of il - 6 , tnf - α , and il - 1β in pbmc supernatants [(] unstimulated ) from postmenopausal women , whereas these were negatively associated in premenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 il
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 serum 2 il
3 - 5 levels
3 - 8 associated
4 6 5 levels
5 levels 6 were
6 were 7 positively
6 were 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 34 whereas
9 with 10 levels
10 levels 11 of
10 levels 20 and
11 of 12 il
12 il 14 6
13 - 14 6
14 6 15 ,
15 , 20 and
16 tnf 18 α
16 tnf 20 and
17 - 18 α
18 α 19 ,
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 il
20 and 30 from
20 and 33 ,
21 il 23 1β
22 - 23 1β
23 1β 24 in
23 1β 26 supernatants
23 1β 28 unstimulated
23 1β 29 )
24 in 25 pbmc
26 supernatants 28 unstimulated
30 from 32 women
31 postmenopausal 32 women
34 whereas 35 these
34 whereas 38 associated
35 these 36 were
36 were 37 negatively
36 were 38 associated
38 associated 39 in
39 in 41 women
40 premenopausal 41 women

in conclusion , circulating il - 6 levels may be interactively influenced by age and menopause . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 8 levels
3 , 12 influenced
4 circulating 5 il
4 circulating 6 -
4 circulating 8 levels
7 6 8 levels
8 levels 9 may
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 interactively
10 be 12 influenced
12 influenced 13 by
13 by 15 and
14 age 15 and
15 and 16 menopause

additionally , estrogen deprivation [after] [menopause] may enhance pbmc cytokine production in postmenopausal women , resulting in increased il - 6 levels which are closely related to oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 deprivation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 enhance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 deprivation
3 estrogen 4 deprivation
4 deprivation 7 may
7 may 8 enhance
8 enhance 11 production
9 pbmc 11 production
10 cytokine 11 production
11 production 12 in
12 in 14 women
13 postmenopausal 14 women
14 women 16 resulting
15 , 16 resulting
16 resulting 17 in
16 resulting 20 -
17 in 19 il
18 increased 19 il
20 - 22 levels
21 6 22 levels
22 levels 23 which
22 levels 24 are
23 which 24 are
24 are 26 related
25 closely 26 related
26 related 27 to
27 to 29 stress
28 oxidative 29 stress

the plasma membrane redox system ( pmrs [ )(of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nadh ) - related enzymes plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular energetics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 plays
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 5 system
2 plasma 5 system
3 membrane 5 system
4 redox 5 system
5 system 7 pmrs
5 system 19 plays
6 ( 7 pmrs
7 pmrs 9 )(of
7 pmrs 16 -
9 )(of 12 dinucleotide
10 nicotinamide 12 dinucleotide
11 adenine 12 dinucleotide
12 dinucleotide 14 nadh
13 ( 14 nadh
14 nadh 15 )
16 - 17 related
17 related 18 enzymes
17 related 19 plays
19 plays 22 role
19 plays 23 in
20 a 22 role
21 key 22 role
23 in 25 maintenance
24 the 25 maintenance
25 maintenance 26 of
26 of 28 energetics
27 cellular 28 energetics

during the aging process , neural cells are particularly sensitive to impaired energy metabolism and oxidative damage , but the involvement of the pmrs in these processes is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 during 4 process
1 during 5 ,
1 during 7 cells
2 the 4 process
3 aging 4 process
6 neural 7 cells
7 cells 8 are
8 are 9 particularly
8 are 10 sensitive
10 sensitive 11 to
11 to 15 and
12 impaired 13 energy
13 energy 14 metabolism
14 metabolism 15 and
15 and 17 damage
16 oxidative 17 damage
18 , 19 but
19 but 21 involvement
19 but 28 is
20 the 21 involvement
21 involvement 22 of
21 involvement 28 is
22 of 24 pmrs
23 the 24 pmrs
24 pmrs 25 in
25 in 27 processes
26 these 27 processes
28 is 29 unknown

here , we used human neuroblastoma cells with either elevated or reduced levels of the pmrs enzyme nadh - quinone oxidoreductase 1 ( nqo1 ) to investigate [how] the pmrs [regulates] neuronal stress responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 used
4 used 7 cells
5 human 6 neuroblastoma
6 neuroblastoma 7 cells
7 cells 8 with
8 with 11 or
9 either 10 elevated
10 elevated 11 or
11 or 12 reduced
12 reduced 13 levels
12 reduced 26 to
13 levels 14 of
14 of 18 nadh
15 the 18 nadh
16 pmrs 17 enzyme
17 enzyme 18 nadh
18 nadh 21 oxidoreductase
19 - 21 oxidoreductase
20 quinone 21 oxidoreductase
21 oxidoreductase 22 1
21 oxidoreductase 24 nqo1
21 oxidoreductase 25 )
23 ( 24 nqo1
24 nqo1 25 )
26 to 27 investigate
27 investigate 34 responses
29 the 34 responses
30 pmrs 33 stress
32 neuronal 33 stress
33 stress 34 responses

cells with elevated nqo1 levels were more resistant to death induced by 2 - deoxyglucose , potassium cyanide ( energetic stress ) , and lactacystin ( proteotoxic stress ) , [but] were not protected from being killed by h ( 2 [ ] ( 2 ) [and] serum withdrawal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 withdrawal
1 cells 2 with
1 cells 30 ,
2 with 5 levels
3 elevated 5 levels
4 nqo1 5 levels
6 were 8 resistant
6 were 30 ,
7 more 8 resistant
8 resistant 9 to
9 to 24 and
10 death 11 induced
10 death 24 and
11 induced 12 by
12 by 13 2
13 2 15 deoxyglucose
14 - 15 deoxyglucose
15 deoxyglucose 18 cyanide
15 deoxyglucose 22 )
16 , 18 cyanide
17 potassium 18 cyanide
18 cyanide 21 stress
18 cyanide 22 )
19 ( 21 stress
20 energetic 21 stress
21 stress 22 )
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 lactacystin
24 and 28 stress
26 ( 28 stress
27 proteotoxic 28 stress
28 stress 29 )
30 , 32 were
30 , 35 from
30 , 48 serum
32 were 33 not
32 were 34 protected
33 not 34 protected
35 from 36 being
36 being 37 killed
36 being 41 2
37 killed 38 by
38 by 39 h
40 ( 41 2
41 2 44 (
41 2 45 2
43 ] 44 (
44 ( 45 2
47 [and] 48 serum

the nad ( [+] [ )( an oxidized form of nadh )/nadh [ratio] was maintained at a significantly higher level in cells overexpressing nqo1 , consistent with enhanced levels of nqo1 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 nad
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 maintained
1 the 2 nad
3 ( 15 maintained
7 an 9 form
8 oxidized 9 form
9 form 10 of
9 form 12 )/nadh
9 form 14 was
9 form 15 maintained
10 of 11 nadh
12 )/nadh 14 was
15 maintained 16 at
15 maintained 21 in
15 maintained 33 .
16 at 20 level
17 a 20 level
18 significantly 19 higher
19 higher 20 level
21 in 22 cells
22 cells 23 overexpressing
23 overexpressing 24 nqo1
24 nqo1 26 consistent
25 , 26 consistent
26 consistent 27 with
26 consistent 33 .
27 with 29 levels
28 enhanced 29 levels
29 levels 30 of
30 of 32 activity
31 nqo1 32 activity

cells in which nqo1 levels were decreased by rna interference exhibited increased vulnerability to death induced by 2 - deoxyglucose and lactacystin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 cells 2 in
1 cells 6 were
2 in 3 which
2 in 4 nqo1
2 in 5 levels
4 nqo1 5 levels
6 were 7 decreased
7 decreased 8 by
7 decreased 14 to
8 by 13 vulnerability
9 rna 11 exhibited
10 interference 11 exhibited
11 exhibited 13 vulnerability
12 increased 13 vulnerability
14 to 15 death
15 death 16 induced
16 induced 17 by
17 by 18 2
19 - 21 and
20 deoxyglucose 21 and
21 and 22 lactacystin

thus , a higher nad [(] [+] )/nadh ratio and activation of adaptive stress response pathways are enhanced by the pmrs in neuroblastoma cells , enabling them to maintain redox homeostasis under conditions of energetic and proteotoxic stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 enhanced
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 10 and
3 a 9 ratio
4 higher 8 )/nadh
5 nad 8 )/nadh
8 )/nadh 9 ratio
9 ratio 10 and
10 and 11 activation
10 and 12 of
10 and 17 are
12 of 16 pathways
13 adaptive 14 stress
14 stress 15 response
15 response 16 pathways
17 are 18 enhanced
18 enhanced 19 by
19 by 21 pmrs
20 the 21 pmrs
21 pmrs 22 in
22 in 24 cells
23 neuroblastoma 24 cells
24 cells 26 enabling
25 , 26 enabling
26 enabling 27 them
26 enabling 28 to
26 enabling 39 .
28 to 29 maintain
29 maintain 31 homeostasis
29 maintain 32 under
30 redox 31 homeostasis
32 under 33 conditions
33 conditions 34 of
34 of 38 stress
35 energetic 36 and
36 and 37 proteotoxic
36 and 38 stress

these findings have implications for the development of therapeutic interventions for neural tumors and neurodegenerative conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 have
3 have 4 implications
4 implications 5 for
5 for 7 development
6 the 7 development
7 development 8 of
8 of 10 interventions
9 therapeutic 10 interventions
10 interventions 11 for
11 for 14 and
12 neural 13 tumors
13 tumors 14 and
14 and 16 conditions
15 neurodegenerative 16 conditions

the development of palliative care in china is vital to the care of its aging population and associated increase in cancer incidence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 development
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 development
2 development 3 of
2 development 8 is
3 of 5 care
4 palliative 5 care
5 care 6 in
6 in 7 china
8 is 9 vital
9 vital 10 to
10 to 12 care
11 the 12 care
12 care 13 of
13 of 22 incidence
14 its 22 incidence
15 aging 16 population
16 population 17 and
17 and 19 increase
17 and 20 in
17 and 22 incidence
18 associated 19 increase
20 in 21 cancer

there are physician - related [and] population - related barriers which impede palliative care development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 10 barriers
3 physician 10 barriers
4 - 5 related
5 related 7 population
5 related 8 -
5 related 9 related
9 related 10 barriers
10 barriers 11 which
10 barriers 12 impede
11 which 12 impede
12 impede 15 development
13 palliative 15 development
14 care 15 development

the first institute for hospice care was established in tianjin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 institute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 institute
2 first 3 institute
3 institute 4 for
3 institute 7 was
4 for 6 care
5 hospice 6 care
7 was 8 established
8 established 9 in
9 in 10 tianjin

community hospices ( ning yang [yuan] ) have been established by the li ka shing foundation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hospices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 established
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 community 2 hospices
2 hospices 5 yang
2 hospices 8 have
3 ( 5 yang
4 ning 5 yang
5 yang 7 )
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 established
10 established 11 by
11 by 16 foundation
12 the 16 foundation
13 li 14 ka
14 ka 15 shing
15 shing 16 foundation

academic centers such as the one in chengdu associated with [sichuan] university have partnered with the world health organization to establish centers of excellence to both develop and teach palliative care to physicians in training and practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 centers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 academic 2 centers
2 centers 4 as
2 centers 13 have
3 such 4 as
4 as 6 one
5 the 6 one
6 one 7 in
6 one 9 associated
7 in 8 chengdu
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 university
13 have 14 partnered
14 partnered 15 with
14 partnered 19 organization
14 partnered 20 to
15 with 17 world
16 the 17 world
18 health 19 organization
20 to 21 establish
21 establish 22 centers
21 establish 25 to
22 centers 23 of
23 of 24 excellence
25 to 28 and
26 both 27 develop
27 develop 28 and
28 and 29 teach
28 and 32 to
29 teach 31 care
30 palliative 31 care
32 to 33 physicians
33 physicians 34 in
34 in 36 and
35 training 36 and
36 and 37 practice

the national hospice service program has developed five principles to the practice of palliative care in china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 program
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 5 program
2 national 3 hospice
3 hospice 4 service
4 service 5 program
5 program 6 has
6 has 7 developed
7 developed 9 principles
7 developed 10 to
7 developed 16 in
8 five 9 principles
10 to 12 practice
11 the 12 practice
12 practice 13 of
13 of 15 care
14 palliative 15 care
16 in 17 china

objectives : the purposes of this study were 1 [ )(to determine compliance with a pedometer and mobile phone - based physical activity diary , [and] 2 ) to assess concordance between self - reported daily steps recorded and transmitted by a mobile phone and pedometer - measured daily steps in sedentary women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
2 : 4 purposes
3 the 4 purposes
4 purposes 5 of
4 purposes 8 were
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 were 9 1
8 were 11 )(to
11 )(to 12 determine
12 determine 17 and
12 determine 21 based
13 compliance 14 with
13 compliance 17 and
14 with 16 pedometer
15 a 16 pedometer
17 and 19 phone
17 and 20 -
17 and 21 based
18 mobile 19 phone
21 based 24 diary
21 based 29 to
22 physical 24 diary
23 activity 24 diary
24 diary 27 2
25 , 27 2
27 2 28 )
29 to 30 assess
30 assess 31 concordance
30 assess 32 between
30 assess 41 by
32 between 33 self
33 self 39 and
34 - 35 reported
35 reported 37 steps
35 reported 38 recorded
36 daily 37 steps
38 recorded 39 and
39 and 40 transmitted
41 by 45 and
42 a 44 phone
43 mobile 44 phone
44 phone 45 and
45 and 46 pedometer
45 and 47 -
45 and 50 steps
47 - 50 steps
48 measured 49 daily
49 daily 50 steps
50 steps 51 in
50 steps 54 .
51 in 53 women
52 sedentary 53 women

methods : in this 3 [-] week pilot clinical study , 41 sedentary women who met all inclusion criteria were recruited from local communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 14 women
2 : 21 recruited
2 : 25 .
3 in 10 study
3 in 11 ,
3 in 14 women
4 this 10 study
5 3 7 week
7 week 10 study
8 pilot 10 study
9 clinical 10 study
12 41 14 women
13 sedentary 14 women
14 women 15 who
14 women 16 met
14 women 20 were
15 who 16 met
16 met 19 criteria
17 all 19 criteria
18 inclusion 19 criteria
20 were 21 recruited
21 recruited 22 from
22 from 24 communities
23 local 24 communities

we asked the participants to wear a pedometer every day and to report their daily steps using a mobile phone diary each night before retiring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 11 and
2 asked 4 participants
2 asked 5 to
2 asked 6 wear
2 asked 11 and
3 the 4 participants
5 to 6 wear
6 wear 8 pedometer
6 wear 10 day
7 a 8 pedometer
9 every 10 day
11 and 12 to
11 and 13 report
11 and 24 before
12 to 13 report
13 report 16 steps
13 report 17 using
14 their 16 steps
15 daily 16 steps
17 using 21 diary
18 a 19 mobile
18 a 21 diary
19 mobile 21 diary
20 phone 21 diary
21 diary 23 night
22 each 23 night
24 before 25 retiring

in the first week , women were asked to monitor their daily steps ( baseline steps ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 4 week
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 women
2 the 3 first
2 the 4 week
6 women 7 were
7 were 8 asked
8 asked 9 to
8 asked 10 monitor
9 to 10 monitor
10 monitor 13 steps
11 their 13 steps
12 daily 13 steps
13 steps 16 steps
14 ( 16 steps
15 baseline 16 steps
16 steps 17 )

in the second and third weeks , they were asked to increase their steps by 20 % from the previous week . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 4 and
1 in 7 ,
1 in 8 they
2 the 3 second
3 second 4 and
4 and 6 weeks
5 third 6 weeks
8 they 9 were
9 were 10 asked
10 asked 11 to
10 asked 12 increase
11 to 12 increase
12 increase 14 steps
13 their 14 steps
14 steps 15 by
15 by 17 %
16 20 17 %
17 % 18 from
18 from 21 week
19 the 21 week
20 previous 21 week

although the pedometer can automatically store the most recent 41 days ' performance , the participants were not informed of this function of the pedometer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 although 3 pedometer
1 although 6 store
1 although 14 ,
1 although 16 participants
2 the 3 pedometer
3 pedometer 4 can
4 can 6 store
5 automatically 6 store
6 store 13 performance
7 the 8 most
8 most 11 days
9 recent 11 days
10 41 11 days
11 days 12 '
12 ' 13 performance
15 the 16 participants
16 participants 17 were
17 were 18 not
17 were 20 of
18 not 19 informed
20 of 22 function
21 this 22 function
22 function 23 of
23 of 25 pedometer
24 the 25 pedometer

results : overall compliance was 93.8 % with pedometer use and 88.3 % with the mobile phone physical activity [diary] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 compliance
2 : 5 was
2 : 11 and
2 : 21 .
3 overall 4 compliance
4 compliance 5 was
5 was 7 %
6 93.8 7 %
7 % 8 with
8 with 10 use
9 pedometer 10 use
11 and 13 %
11 and 17 phone
12 88.3 13 %
13 % 14 with
13 % 17 phone
14 with 16 mobile
15 the 16 mobile
17 phone 19 activity
18 physical 19 activity

bland altman plots showed that the agreement between self - reported daily steps by mobile [phone] [diary] and pedometer - recorded daily steps from [week] 1 to [week] 3 was high . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 plots
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 bland 2 altman
2 altman 3 plots
3 plots 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 7 agreement
5 that 30 was
6 the 7 agreement
7 agreement 8 between
7 agreement 30 was
8 between 23 steps
9 self 23 steps
10 - 11 reported
11 reported 13 steps
11 reported 14 by
11 reported 20 -
11 reported 21 recorded
12 daily 13 steps
14 by 18 and
15 mobile 18 and
18 and 19 pedometer
21 recorded 23 steps
22 daily 23 steps
23 steps 27 to
24 from 27 to
26 1 27 to
27 to 29 3
30 was 31 high

conclusion : the combination of a pedometer and a mobile phone diary may enhance the quality [of] self - reported data in clinical studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 and
2 : 14 enhance
2 : 20 reported
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 combination
4 combination 5 of
4 combination 8 and
5 of 7 pedometer
6 a 7 pedometer
8 and 12 diary
8 and 13 may
9 a 10 mobile
9 a 12 diary
10 mobile 11 phone
11 phone 12 diary
13 may 14 enhance
14 enhance 18 self
15 the 18 self
16 quality 18 self
19 - 20 reported
20 reported 21 data
20 reported 22 in
22 in 24 studies
23 clinical 24 studies

late - onset male hypogonadism ( loh ) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advancing age and characterised by low serum testosterone concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 late
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 late 5 hypogonadism
1 late 19 and
2 - 5 hypogonadism
3 onset 4 male
4 male 5 hypogonadism
5 hypogonadism 7 loh
5 hypogonadism 8 )
6 ( 7 loh
7 loh 8 )
9 is 14 syndrome
9 is 19 and
10 a 14 syndrome
11 clinical 12 and
12 and 13 biochemical
12 and 14 syndrome
14 syndrome 15 associated
14 syndrome 16 with
16 with 18 age
17 advancing 18 age
19 and 20 characterised
19 and 21 by
19 and 25 concentrations
21 by 23 serum
22 low 23 serum
24 testosterone 25 concentrations

an understanding of the physiology of androgens in the ageing man is essential for the appropriate diagnosis of loh . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 an 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 of
2 understanding 12 is
3 of 5 physiology
4 the 5 physiology
5 physiology 6 of
5 physiology 8 in
6 of 7 androgens
8 in 11 man
9 the 11 man
10 ageing 11 man
12 is 13 essential
13 essential 14 for
14 for 17 diagnosis
15 the 17 diagnosis
16 appropriate 17 diagnosis
17 diagnosis 18 of
18 of 19 loh

clinical assessment of androgen status relevant to clinical biochemists and chemical pathologists is outlined in this review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 outlined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 clinical 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 of
2 assessment 13 is
3 of 5 status
4 androgen 5 status
5 status 6 relevant
6 relevant 7 to
7 to 10 and
8 clinical 9 biochemists
9 biochemists 10 and
10 and 12 pathologists
11 chemical 12 pathologists
13 is 14 outlined
14 outlined 15 in
15 in 17 review
16 this 17 review

laboratory investigations of androgen status in men are not without pitfalls and the authors highlight problems associated with measuring and calculating serum testosterone and its fractions , the interpretation of which can be problematic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 laboratory 2 investigations
2 investigations 3 of
2 investigations 6 in
2 investigations 8 are
3 of 5 status
4 androgen 5 status
6 in 7 men
8 are 9 not
8 are 10 without
8 are 17 associated
10 without 12 and
11 pitfalls 12 and
12 and 16 problems
13 the 16 problems
14 authors 16 problems
15 highlight 16 problems
17 associated 18 with
18 with 24 and
19 measuring 20 and
20 and 21 calculating
20 and 23 testosterone
22 serum 23 testosterone
23 testosterone 24 and
24 and 26 fractions
25 its 26 fractions
27 , 29 interpretation
27 , 33 be
28 the 29 interpretation
29 interpretation 30 of
29 interpretation 32 can
30 of 31 which
32 can 33 be
33 be 34 problematic

current clinical guidelines and recommendations regarding the diagnosis and monitoring of loh are also summarised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 current 3 guidelines
2 clinical 3 guidelines
4 and 9 and
4 and 15 summarised
5 recommendations 6 regarding
5 recommendations 9 and
6 regarding 8 diagnosis
7 the 8 diagnosis
9 and 10 monitoring
9 and 13 are
10 monitoring 11 of
11 of 12 loh
13 are 15 summarised
14 also 15 summarised

none hypoglossal motoneurons ( hms ) innervate tongue muscles [and] are critical in maintaining patency of the upper airway during respiration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 none 3 motoneurons
1 none 7 innervate
1 none 11 are
2 hypoglossal 3 motoneurons
3 motoneurons 5 hms
3 motoneurons 7 innervate
4 ( 5 hms
5 hms 6 )
7 innervate 9 muscles
8 tongue 9 muscles
11 are 12 critical
12 critical 13 in
13 in 14 maintaining
14 maintaining 15 patency
14 maintaining 20 during
15 patency 16 of
16 of 19 airway
17 the 19 airway
18 upper 19 airway
20 during 21 respiration

abnormalities in hms have been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome [(] sids [ )(and obstructive sleep apnoea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 abnormalities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 abnormalities 2 in
1 abnormalities 4 have
2 in 3 hms
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 implicated
6 implicated 7 in
6 implicated 18 apnoea
7 in 15 )(and
8 sudden 13 sids
9 infant 13 sids
10 death 13 sids
11 syndrome 13 sids
13 sids 15 )(and
15 )(and 17 sleep
16 obstructive 17 sleep

previously , we found a critical period in respiratory network development in rats around postnatal day ( p ) 12 - 13 , when abrupt neurochemical , metabolic and physiological changes occurred . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
1 previously 2 ,
1 previously 3 we
3 we 4 found
4 found 7 period
4 found 12 in
4 found 14 around
4 found 21 -
4 found 24 when
5 a 7 period
6 critical 7 period
7 period 8 in
8 in 11 development
9 respiratory 10 network
10 network 11 development
12 in 13 rats
14 around 16 day
15 postnatal 16 day
16 day 18 p
17 ( 18 p
18 p 19 )
20 12 21 -
21 - 22 13
23 , 24 when
24 when 31 changes
24 when 32 occurred
24 when 33 .
25 abrupt 31 changes
26 neurochemical 27 ,
26 neurochemical 31 changes
28 metabolic 29 and
29 and 30 physiological
29 and 31 changes
31 changes 32 occurred

to test our hypothesis that an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission exists during the critical period , whole - cell patch - clamp recordings of hms were done in brainstem slices of rats daily from p0 to p16 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
1 to 2 test
2 test 4 hypothesis
2 test 15 during
3 our 4 hypothesis
4 hypothesis 5 that
5 that 7 imbalance
5 that 14 exists
6 an 7 imbalance
7 imbalance 8 between
7 imbalance 14 exists
8 between 13 transmission
9 inhibitory 10 and
10 and 11 excitatory
10 and 13 transmission
12 synaptic 13 transmission
15 during 18 period
16 the 18 period
17 critical 18 period
19 , 23 patch
19 , 24 -
20 whole 21 -
20 whole 23 patch
22 cell 23 patch
24 - 26 recordings
24 - 29 were
24 - 41 .
25 clamp 26 recordings
26 recordings 27 of
26 recordings 29 were
27 of 28 hms
29 were 30 done
30 done 31 in
30 done 36 daily
30 done 37 from
31 in 33 slices
32 brainstem 33 slices
33 slices 34 of
34 of 35 rats
37 from 38 p0
38 p0 39 to
39 to 40 p16

the results indicated that : [(] 1 [ )(the amplitude and charge transfer of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents ( mepscs ) were significantly reduced at p12 - 13 [;] ( [2] [ )(the amplitude , mean frequency and charge transfer of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents ( mipscs ) were significantly increased at p12 - 13 [;] ( 3 ) the kinetics [(] rise time and decay time ) of both mepscs and mipscs accelerated with age [;] ( 4 ) the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous epscs [were] significantly reduced at p12 - 13 , whereas those of spontaneous ipscs were significantly increased at p12 - 13 [;] [and] ( 5 ) [both] glycine and gaba contributed to mipscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
3 indicated 5 :
4 that 5 :
5 : 11 and
7 1 11 and
9 )(the 10 amplitude
10 amplitude 11 and
11 and 13 transfer
12 charge 13 transfer
13 transfer 14 of
14 of 15 miniature
15 miniature 18 currents
15 miniature 22 were
15 miniature 24 reduced
16 excitatory 18 currents
17 postsynaptic 18 currents
18 currents 20 mepscs
18 currents 22 were
19 ( 20 mepscs
20 mepscs 21 )
22 were 23 significantly
24 reduced 25 at
25 at 26 p12
26 p12 28 13
26 p12 38 and
27 - 28 13
28 13 34 amplitude
28 13 38 and
30 ( 34 amplitude
33 )(the 34 amplitude
34 amplitude 35 ,
36 mean 37 frequency
36 mean 38 and
38 and 39 charge
39 charge 40 transfer
39 charge 51 increased
40 transfer 41 of
40 transfer 51 increased
41 of 42 miniature
42 miniature 45 currents
42 miniature 49 were
43 inhibitory 45 currents
44 postsynaptic 45 currents
45 currents 47 mipscs
45 currents 49 were
46 ( 47 mipscs
47 mipscs 48 )
50 significantly 51 increased
51 increased 52 at
51 increased 63 rise
52 at 53 p12
53 p12 55 13
54 - 55 13
55 13 58 3
55 13 59 )
57 ( 58 3
58 3 59 )
60 the 63 rise
61 kinetics 63 rise
63 rise 65 and
63 rise 74 accelerated
64 time 65 and
65 and 67 time
65 and 68 )
65 and 69 of
65 and 74 accelerated
66 decay 67 time
69 of 72 and
70 both 71 mepscs
71 mepscs 72 and
72 and 73 mipscs
74 accelerated 75 with
75 with 76 age
75 with 83 and
76 age 79 4
78 ( 79 4
79 4 80 )
81 the 82 amplitude
82 amplitude 83 and
83 and 84 frequency
83 and 85 of
83 and 90 reduced
85 of 87 epscs
86 spontaneous 87 epscs
89 significantly 90 reduced
90 reduced 91 at
90 reduced 96 whereas
91 at 92 p12
92 p12 94 13
93 - 94 13
94 13 95 ,
96 whereas 97 those
96 whereas 103 increased
97 those 98 of
97 those 101 were
98 of 100 ipscs
99 spontaneous 100 ipscs
101 were 103 increased
102 significantly 103 increased
103 increased 104 at
104 at 115 and
105 p12 107 13
105 p12 114 glycine
106 - 107 13
107 13 111 5
107 13 112 )
110 ( 111 5
111 5 112 )
114 glycine 115 and
115 and 116 gaba
115 and 120 .
116 gaba 117 contributed
117 contributed 118 to
118 to 119 mipscs

however , gabaergic currents fluctuated within a narrow range during the first three postnatal weeks , whereas glycinergic ones exhibited age - dependent changes comparable to those of total mipscs , indicating a reversal in dominance from gaba to glycine with development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 currents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fluctuated
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 currents
3 gabaergic 4 currents
4 currents 5 fluctuated
5 fluctuated 6 within
5 fluctuated 17 whereas
6 within 9 range
7 a 8 narrow
7 a 9 range
8 narrow 9 range
9 range 10 during
10 during 15 weeks
11 the 12 first
11 the 13 three
13 three 15 weeks
14 postnatal 15 weeks
16 , 17 whereas
17 whereas 19 ones
17 whereas 20 exhibited
17 whereas 43 .
18 glycinergic 19 ones
19 ones 20 exhibited
20 exhibited 21 age
20 exhibited 32 indicating
21 age 24 changes
22 - 24 changes
23 dependent 24 changes
24 changes 25 comparable
24 changes 31 ,
25 comparable 26 to
26 to 27 those
27 those 28 of
28 of 30 mipscs
29 total 30 mipscs
31 , 32 indicating
32 indicating 34 reversal
32 indicating 35 in
32 indicating 43 .
33 a 34 reversal
35 in 36 dominance
36 dominance 37 from
37 from 38 gaba
38 gaba 39 to
38 gaba 41 with
39 to 40 glycine
41 with 42 development

thus , our results provide strong electrophysiological evidence for an excitatory - inhibitory imbalance in hms during the critical period of postnatal development in rats that may have significant implications for sids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 provide
5 provide 8 evidence
5 provide 17 during
5 provide 24 in
6 strong 8 evidence
7 electrophysiological 8 evidence
8 evidence 9 for
8 evidence 15 in
9 for 14 imbalance
10 an 14 imbalance
11 excitatory 12 -
11 excitatory 14 imbalance
13 inhibitory 14 imbalance
15 in 16 hms
17 during 20 period
18 the 20 period
19 critical 20 period
20 period 21 of
21 of 23 development
22 postnatal 23 development
24 in 25 rats
25 rats 26 that
25 rats 27 may
26 that 27 may
27 may 28 have
28 have 30 implications
29 significant 30 implications
30 implications 31 for
31 for 32 sids

the ability to modulate sympathetic α - adrenergic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle is impaired with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 ability
2 ability 3 to
2 ability 4 modulate
2 ability 13 is
3 to 4 modulate
4 modulate 9 vasoconstriction
4 modulate 10 in
5 sympathetic 9 vasoconstriction
6 α 7 -
6 α 9 vasoconstriction
8 adrenergic 9 vasoconstriction
10 in 11 contracting
11 contracting 12 muscle
13 is 14 impaired
14 impaired 15 with
15 with 16 age

in young adults , adenosine triphosphate ( atp ) has been shown to blunt sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness similar to exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 triphosphate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 blunt
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 adults
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 triphosphate
2 young 3 adults
5 adenosine 6 triphosphate
6 triphosphate 8 atp
6 triphosphate 10 has
7 ( 8 atp
8 atp 9 )
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 shown
12 shown 13 to
13 to 14 blunt
14 blunt 17 responsiveness
15 sympathetic 17 responsiveness
16 vasoconstrictor 17 responsiveness
17 responsiveness 18 similar
18 similar 19 to
18 similar 20 exercise
19 to 20 exercise

forearm hyperaemia was matched across all vasodilatating conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hyperaemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 matched
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 forearm 2 hyperaemia
2 hyperaemia 3 was
3 was 4 matched
4 matched 5 across
5 across 8 conditions
6 all 8 conditions
7 vasodilatating 8 conditions

during adenosine , forearm vasoconstrictor responses to direct α₁ - stimulation were lower in older compared [with] young adults ( δfvc= - 25 ± 3 % [vs] . - 41 ± 5 % [;] p < 0.05 ) , whereas the responses to α₂ - stimulation were not different [(] - 35±6 % [vs] [.] - 44 ± 8 % ; ns [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 responses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 α₁
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 during 2 adenosine
1 during 3 ,
1 during 6 responses
4 forearm 6 responses
5 vasoconstrictor 6 responses
6 responses 7 to
6 responses 8 direct
6 responses 9 α₁
7 to 8 direct
10 - 11 stimulation
10 - 12 were
10 - 22 -
11 stimulation 12 were
12 were 13 lower
13 lower 14 in
14 in 19 adults
15 older 19 adults
16 compared 19 adults
18 young 19 adults
19 adults 21 δfvc=
20 ( 21 δfvc=
21 δfvc= 22 -
22 - 23 25
22 - 24 ±
22 - 28 .
23 25 24 ±
24 ± 26 %
25 3 26 %
28 . 30 41
28 . 39 ,
29 - 30 41
30 41 31 ±
31 ± 33 %
32 5 33 %
33 % 36 <
35 p 36 <
36 < 37 0.05
36 < 38 )
39 , 46 stimulation
39 , 47 were
39 , 51 -
40 whereas 42 responses
40 whereas 45 -
40 whereas 46 stimulation
41 the 42 responses
42 responses 43 to
42 responses 44 α₂
43 to 44 α₂
46 stimulation 47 were
47 were 48 not
47 were 49 different
48 not 49 different
51 - 53 %
51 - 56 -
52 35±6 53 %
56 - 57 44
56 - 58 ±
56 - 61 ;
56 - 64 )(
57 44 58 ±
58 ± 60 %
59 8 60 %
61 ; 62 ns

during exercise , α₁ [-] mediated vasoconstriction was significantly blunted compared with adenosine in both young [(] - 9 ± 2 % vs [.] - 41 ± 5 % [ )( older adults [(] - [15] [±] 2 % vs [.] - 25 ± 3 % [ )( however [,] the magnitude of sympatholysis was reduced in older adults ( 32 ± 13 [vs] [.] 74 ± 8 [%] [;] p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 α₁
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compared
1 during 2 exercise
1 during 3 ,
1 during 4 α₁
4 α₁ 6 mediated
4 α₁ 7 vasoconstriction
4 α₁ 8 was
4 α₁ 10 blunted
4 α₁ 11 compared
7 vasoconstriction 8 was
9 significantly 10 blunted
11 compared 12 with
12 with 13 adenosine
13 adenosine 14 in
14 in 20 ±
15 both 16 young
16 young 18 -
16 young 20 ±
19 9 20 ±
20 ± 22 %
20 ± 27 ±
21 2 22 %
22 % 23 vs
22 % 27 ±
23 vs 26 41
25 - 26 41
27 ± 35 -
28 5 29 %
28 5 35 -
29 % 33 adults
32 older 33 adults
35 - 38 2
38 2 39 %
39 % 40 vs
39 % 44 ±
40 vs 43 25
42 - 43 25
44 ± 46 %
44 ± 49 however
45 3 46 %
49 however 52 magnitude
49 however 56 reduced
51 the 52 magnitude
52 magnitude 53 of
52 magnitude 55 was
53 of 54 sympatholysis
55 was 56 reduced
56 reduced 57 in
57 in 59 adults
58 older 59 adults
59 adults 67 ±
60 ( 67 ±
61 32 62 ±
62 ± 67 ±
63 13 67 ±
66 74 67 ±
67 ± 68 8
67 ± 72 <
67 ± 75 .
71 p 72 <
72 < 73 0.05
72 < 74 )

similarly [,] α₂ - mediated vasoconstriction during exercise was significantly blunted in both young [(] - 15 ± 4 % [vs] . - 44 ± 8 [%] [ )(and older adults [(] - 26 ± 3 % [vs] . - 35 ± 6 % [ )(, however the magnitude of sympatholysis was reduced in older adults ( 19 ± 8 % [vs] [.] 60 ± 10 [%] [;] p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 α₂
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 similarly 3 α₂
4 - 6 vasoconstriction
4 - 16 -
5 mediated 6 vasoconstriction
6 vasoconstriction 7 during
6 vasoconstriction 9 was
7 during 8 exercise
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 blunted
11 blunted 12 in
11 blunted 14 young
12 in 13 both
16 - 17 15
16 - 22 .
17 15 18 ±
18 ± 20 %
19 4 20 %
22 . 31 adults
22 . 33 -
23 - 24 44
24 44 31 adults
25 ± 26 8
25 ± 29 )(and
29 )(and 30 older
29 )(and 31 adults
33 - 34 26
33 - 35 ±
33 - 39 .
34 26 35 ±
35 ± 37 %
36 3 37 %
39 . 40 -
39 . 42 ±
39 . 46 )(,
40 - 41 35
41 35 42 ±
42 ± 44 %
43 6 44 %
46 )(, 49 magnitude
47 however 49 magnitude
48 the 49 magnitude
49 magnitude 50 of
49 magnitude 52 was
50 of 51 sympatholysis
52 was 53 reduced
53 reduced 54 in
54 in 56 adults
55 older 56 adults
56 adults 65 ±
57 ( 65 ±
58 19 59 ±
59 ± 65 ±
60 8 61 %
61 % 65 ±
64 60 65 ±
65 ± 66 10
65 ± 70 <
65 ± 73 .
69 p 70 <
70 < 71 0.05
70 < 72 )

during atp , both α₁ - and α₂ - mediated vasoconstriction was nearly abolished in young and older adults ( δfvc ∼ - 5 % ) , and the magnitude of sympatholysis was similar in both age groups ( ∼85 - 90 % ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 vasoconstriction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 abolished
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
1 during 2 atp
1 during 9 -
1 during 11 vasoconstriction
2 atp 7 and
3 , 7 and
4 both 7 and
5 α₁ 7 and
6 - 7 and
7 and 8 α₂
7 and 9 -
10 mediated 11 vasoconstriction
11 vasoconstriction 12 was
12 was 14 abolished
13 nearly 14 abolished
14 abolished 15 in
15 in 19 adults
16 young 17 and
17 and 18 older
17 and 19 adults
19 adults 22 ∼
20 ( 22 ∼
21 δfvc 22 ∼
22 ∼ 25 %
22 ∼ 27 ,
23 - 25 %
24 5 25 %
25 % 26 )
28 and 30 magnitude
28 and 33 was
29 the 30 magnitude
30 magnitude 31 of
30 magnitude 33 was
31 of 32 sympatholysis
33 was 34 similar
34 similar 35 in
35 in 38 groups
36 both 38 groups
37 age 38 groups
38 groups 40 ∼85
39 ( 40 ∼85
40 ∼85 43 %
40 ∼85 45 .
41 - 43 %
42 90 43 %
43 % 44 )

our findings indicate that the ability to modulate postjunctional α - adrenergic vasoconstriction during exercise is impaired with age , whereas the sympatholytic effect of exogenous atp is preserved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 ability
4 that 29 preserved
5 the 6 ability
6 ability 7 to
6 ability 8 modulate
6 ability 16 is
7 to 8 modulate
8 modulate 13 vasoconstriction
8 modulate 14 during
9 postjunctional 13 vasoconstriction
10 α 11 -
10 α 13 vasoconstriction
12 adrenergic 13 vasoconstriction
14 during 15 exercise
16 is 17 impaired
17 impaired 18 with
17 impaired 21 whereas
18 with 19 age
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 24 effect
22 the 24 effect
23 sympatholytic 24 effect
24 effect 25 of
24 effect 28 is
25 of 27 atp
26 exogenous 27 atp
28 is 29 preserved

thus , if impairments in vascular control during exercise in older adults involve vasoactive atp , we speculate that circulating atp is reduced with advancing age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 speculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 17 we
3 if 4 impairments
3 if 13 involve
3 if 16 ,
3 if 17 we
4 impairments 5 in
4 impairments 13 involve
5 in 7 control
6 vascular 7 control
7 control 8 during
7 control 10 in
8 during 9 exercise
10 in 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
13 involve 15 atp
14 vasoactive 15 atp
17 we 18 speculate
18 speculate 19 that
19 that 20 circulating
19 that 23 reduced
20 circulating 21 atp
20 circulating 22 is
22 is 23 reduced
23 reduced 24 with
24 with 25 advancing
25 advancing 26 age

spinal motoneurons are highly vulnerable in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ).previous research using a standard animal model , the mutant superoxide dismutase - 1 ( sod1 )mouse , has revealed deficits in many cellular properties throughout its lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 spinal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 spinal 3 are
2 motoneurons 3 are
3 are 5 vulnerable
4 highly 5 vulnerable
5 vulnerable 6 in
6 in 9 sclerosis
7 amyotrophic 9 sclerosis
8 lateral 9 sclerosis
9 sclerosis 13 research
10 ( 13 research
11 als 13 research
12 ).previous 13 research
13 research 14 using
13 research 19 ,
14 using 18 model
15 a 16 standard
15 a 18 model
16 standard 17 animal
17 animal 18 model
19 , 23 dismutase
19 , 31 revealed
20 the 23 dismutase
21 mutant 22 superoxide
22 superoxide 23 dismutase
23 dismutase 25 1
23 dismutase 30 has
24 - 25 1
25 1 28 )mouse
25 1 29 ,
26 ( 28 )mouse
27 sod1 28 )mouse
28 )mouse 29 ,
30 has 31 revealed
31 revealed 32 deficits
31 revealed 33 in
31 revealed 37 throughout
33 in 36 properties
34 many 36 properties
35 cellular 36 properties
37 throughout 39 lifespan
38 its 39 lifespan

the electrical properties underlying motoneuron excitability are some of the earliest to change ; starting at 1 week postnatal , persistent [inward] currents ( pics ) mediated by na+ [are] upregulated and electrical conductance , a measure of cell size , increases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 mediated
1 the 3 properties
2 electrical 3 properties
3 properties 4 underlying
3 properties 7 are
4 underlying 6 excitability
5 motoneuron 6 excitability
7 are 8 some
8 some 9 of
9 of 11 earliest
10 the 11 earliest
11 earliest 12 to
12 to 13 change
14 ; 15 starting
15 starting 16 at
15 starting 23 currents
15 starting 27 mediated
16 at 18 week
17 1 18 week
19 postnatal 20 ,
19 postnatal 23 currents
21 persistent 23 currents
23 currents 25 pics
24 ( 25 pics
25 pics 26 )
27 mediated 28 by
28 by 32 and
29 na+ 31 upregulated
29 na+ 32 and
32 and 34 conductance
32 and 40 size
33 electrical 34 conductance
35 , 40 size
36 a 37 measure
37 measure 38 of
37 measure 40 size
38 of 40 size
39 cell 40 size
40 size 42 increases
40 size 43 .
41 , 42 increases
42 increases 43 .

we found that the na+ pic and the conductance increased during development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 7 and
3 that 10 increased
4 the 6 pic
5 na+ 6 pic
6 pic 7 and
7 and 9 conductance
7 and 10 increased
8 the 9 conductance
10 increased 11 during
11 during 12 development

however , mutant sod1 motoneurons showed much greater increases than normal motoneurons ; the mean na+pic in sod1 motoneurons was double that of wild - type motoneurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 motoneurons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 motoneurons
3 mutant 5 motoneurons
4 sod1 5 motoneurons
5 motoneurons 6 showed
6 showed 9 increases
6 showed 10 than
7 much 8 greater
8 greater 9 increases
10 than 12 motoneurons
11 normal 12 motoneurons
13 ; 15 mean
13 ; 21 double
14 the 15 mean
15 mean 16 na+pic
15 mean 19 motoneurons
15 mean 20 was
16 na+pic 17 in
16 na+pic 19 motoneurons
17 in 18 sod1
20 was 21 double
21 double 22 that
22 that 23 of
23 of 27 motoneurons
24 wild 25 -
24 wild 26 type
26 type 27 motoneurons

additionally , in mutant sod1 motoneurons the pic mediated by ca2+ increased , spike width decreased and the time course of the [after] [-] spike after [-] hyperpolarization shortened . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 pic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 8 pic
3 in 6 motoneurons
3 in 8 pic
4 mutant 6 motoneurons
5 sod1 6 motoneurons
7 the 8 pic
8 pic 9 mediated
9 mediated 10 by
9 mediated 26 after
10 by 17 and
11 ca2+ 12 increased
11 ca2+ 17 and
12 increased 13 ,
12 increased 16 decreased
14 spike 16 decreased
15 width 16 decreased
17 and 20 course
17 and 21 of
18 the 20 course
19 time 20 course
21 of 25 spike
22 the 25 spike
26 after 28 hyperpolarization
28 hyperpolarization 29 shortened

these changes were advances of the normal effects of maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 these 2 changes
2 changes 3 were
3 were 4 advances
4 advances 5 of
5 of 8 effects
6 the 8 effects
7 normal 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 10 maturation

thus , our results show that the development of normal and mutant sod1 motoneurons follows generally similar patterns , but that the rate of development is accelerated in the mutant sod1 motoneurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 4 results
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 show
5 show 6 that
6 that 8 development
6 that 15 follows
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
8 development 15 follows
9 of 14 motoneurons
10 normal 11 and
11 and 12 mutant
11 and 14 motoneurons
13 sod1 14 motoneurons
15 follows 18 patterns
16 generally 17 similar
17 similar 18 patterns
19 , 23 rate
19 , 27 accelerated
20 but 21 that
20 but 23 rate
22 the 23 rate
23 rate 24 of
23 rate 26 is
24 of 25 development
26 is 27 accelerated
27 accelerated 28 in
28 in 32 motoneurons
29 the 32 motoneurons
30 mutant 32 motoneurons
31 sod1 32 motoneurons

statistical analysis of all measured properties indicates that approximately 55 % of changes attributed to the g93a sod1 mutation can be attributed to an increased rate of maturation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 statistical 2 analysis
2 analysis 3 of
2 analysis 7 indicates
3 of 6 properties
4 all 6 properties
5 measured 6 properties
7 indicates 9 approximately
7 indicates 11 %
7 indicates 22 attributed
8 that 9 approximately
10 55 11 %
11 % 12 of
11 % 20 can
12 of 13 changes
13 changes 14 attributed
14 attributed 15 to
15 to 19 mutation
16 the 19 mutation
17 g93a 18 sod1
18 sod1 19 mutation
20 can 21 be
21 be 22 attributed
22 attributed 23 to
23 to 26 rate
24 an 26 rate
25 increased 26 rate
26 rate 27 of
27 of 28 maturation

unlabelled : aims of investigation : the chronological age of the caucasian population and their anthropometrical data have significantly changed within the last five decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
1 unlabelled 2 :
2 : 5 investigation
3 aims 4 of
4 of 5 investigation
6 : 14 and
6 : 20 changed
6 : 26 .
7 the 9 age
8 chronological 9 age
9 age 10 of
9 age 14 and
10 of 13 population
11 the 13 population
12 caucasian 13 population
14 and 17 data
14 and 18 have
15 their 17 data
16 anthropometrical 17 data
18 have 20 changed
19 significantly 20 changed
20 changed 21 within
21 within 25 decades
22 the 25 decades
23 last 25 decades
24 five 25 decades

therefore the question arises whether or not the commonly used reference values of the european community ( eccs ) [for] lung function may still be accepted today . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 arises
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 therefore 3 question
2 the 3 question
3 question 4 arises
4 arises 7 not
5 whether 6 or
6 or 7 not
7 not 12 values
7 not 26 accepted
8 the 12 values
9 commonly 10 used
10 used 11 reference
11 reference 12 values
12 values 13 of
12 values 23 may
13 of 22 function
14 the 22 function
15 european 22 function
16 community 18 eccs
17 ( 18 eccs
18 eccs 19 )
18 eccs 22 function
21 lung 22 function
23 may 25 be
24 still 25 be
25 be 26 accepted
26 accepted 27 today

since these values were obtained in the 1960s from subjects in a limited age range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 range
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 since 3 values
1 since 5 obtained
1 since 15 range
2 these 3 values
3 values 4 were
4 were 5 obtained
5 obtained 6 in
5 obtained 9 from
5 obtained 11 in
6 in 8 1960s
7 the 8 1960s
9 from 10 subjects
11 in 14 age
12 a 13 limited
12 a 14 age
13 limited 14 age

for the elderly , the measured values are deduced by extrapolation beyond the range of reference equations which had been obtained in a different population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 values
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 deduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 for 3 elderly
1 for 4 ,
1 for 7 values
2 the 3 elderly
5 the 7 values
6 measured 7 values
7 values 8 are
8 are 9 deduced
9 deduced 10 by
9 deduced 12 beyond
10 by 11 extrapolation
12 beyond 14 range
13 the 14 range
14 range 15 of
15 of 17 equations
16 reference 17 equations
17 equations 18 which
17 equations 19 had
18 which 19 had
19 had 20 been
20 been 21 obtained
21 obtained 22 in
22 in 25 population
23 a 25 population
24 different 25 population

therefore decisions concerning elderly and smaller subjects concerning remuneration due to impaired lung function [after] industrial exposure on the basis of egks values are questionable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decisions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 therefore 2 decisions
2 decisions 3 concerning
2 decisions 11 to
2 decisions 24 are
3 concerning 7 subjects
4 elderly 5 and
5 and 6 smaller
5 and 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 concerning
8 concerning 9 remuneration
10 due 11 to
11 to 17 exposure
12 impaired 13 lung
13 lung 14 function
14 function 17 exposure
16 industrial 17 exposure
17 exposure 18 on
18 on 20 basis
19 the 20 basis
20 basis 21 of
21 of 23 values
22 egks 23 values
24 are 25 questionable

methods : lung function tests were performed by pneumotachography , recording static lung volumes and flow - volume - curves in 262 asymptomatic [non] smoking males , aged 20 to 90 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 32 years
3 lung 5 tests
4 function 5 tests
5 tests 27 ,
6 were 7 performed
6 were 27 ,
7 performed 8 by
7 performed 21 in
8 by 20 curves
9 pneumotachography 15 and
9 pneumotachography 19 -
9 pneumotachography 20 curves
10 , 15 and
11 recording 14 volumes
12 static 13 lung
13 lung 14 volumes
14 volumes 15 and
15 and 16 flow
15 and 17 -
15 and 18 volume
15 and 19 -
17 - 18 volume
18 volume 19 -
21 in 26 males
22 262 26 males
23 asymptomatic 25 smoking
25 smoking 26 males
27 , 28 aged
27 , 30 to
29 20 30 to
30 to 31 90
31 90 32 years

measurements were performed with the masterlab , or pneumoscreen systems ( carefusion , höchberg ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 measurements 2 were
2 were 3 performed
3 performed 4 with
4 with 8 or
5 the 6 masterlab
6 masterlab 8 or
7 , 8 or
8 or 10 systems
8 or 12 carefusion
8 or 14 höchberg
9 pneumoscreen 10 systems
11 ( 12 carefusion
12 carefusion 13 ,
13 , 14 höchberg
14 höchberg 15 )

results were compared to the reference values of eccs , sapaldia and luftibus . - results : for simplicity analysis of age and height dependence of investigated respiratory parameters ( vc , fvc , fev⊂1 , fev⊂1%fvc , pef , mef⊂75,50,25 ) can be described by linear functions ( y = [a] * [height] [?] b [*] age + c ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 62 .
1 results 2 were
2 were 3 compared
3 compared 4 to
4 to 7 values
5 the 7 values
6 reference 7 values
7 values 8 of
8 of 13 luftibus
9 eccs 11 sapaldia
10 , 11 sapaldia
11 sapaldia 12 and
12 and 13 luftibus
14 . 15 -
14 . 17 :
14 . 23 and
15 - 16 results
16 results 17 :
17 : 18 for
18 for 20 analysis
19 simplicity 20 analysis
20 analysis 21 of
21 of 22 age
23 and 25 dependence
23 and 45 described
24 height 25 dependence
25 dependence 26 of
25 dependence 31 vc
25 dependence 33 fvc
25 dependence 43 can
26 of 29 parameters
27 investigated 29 parameters
28 respiratory 29 parameters
30 ( 31 vc
31 vc 32 ,
32 , 33 fvc
33 fvc 35 fev⊂1
33 fvc 42 )
34 , 35 fev⊂1
35 fev⊂1 37 fev⊂1%fvc
35 fev⊂1 42 )
36 , 37 fev⊂1%fvc
37 fev⊂1%fvc 39 pef
37 fev⊂1%fvc 42 )
38 , 39 pef
39 pef 41 mef⊂75,50,25
39 pef 42 )
40 , 41 mef⊂75,50,25
41 mef⊂75,50,25 42 )
43 can 44 be
44 be 45 described
45 described 46 by
45 described 59 +
46 by 48 functions
47 linear 48 functions
49 ( 59 +
50 y 51 =
51 = 53 *
53 * 56 b
53 * 58 age
58 age 59 +
59 + 60 c
59 + 61 )

the forced expiratory vital capacity , fvc , was calculated by fvc [=] 0.0615*h - 0.0308*a - 4.673 [;] r = 0.78 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 capacity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 5 capacity
2 forced 5 capacity
3 expiratory 5 capacity
4 vital 5 capacity
5 capacity 7 fvc
5 capacity 9 was
6 , 7 fvc
7 fvc 8 ,
9 was 10 calculated
10 calculated 11 by
11 by 14 0.0615*h
12 fvc 14 0.0615*h
14 0.0615*h 16 0.0308*a
14 0.0615*h 21 =
15 - 16 0.0308*a
16 0.0308*a 17 -
18 4.673 21 =
20 r 21 =
21 = 22 0.78

mean fvc for younger subjects was found to be 104.7 ± 10.7 % of the eccs reference values and 96.5 ± 11.8 % in older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 mean 2 fvc
1 mean 9 be
2 fvc 3 for
2 fvc 6 was
3 for 5 subjects
4 younger 5 subjects
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 to
8 to 9 be
9 be 11 ±
10 104.7 11 ±
11 ± 13 %
11 ± 18 values
12 10.7 13 %
13 % 14 of
13 % 18 values
14 of 17 reference
15 the 17 reference
16 eccs 17 reference
19 and 20 96.5
19 and 21 ±
20 96.5 21 ±
21 ± 23 %
21 ± 24 in
22 11.8 23 %
24 in 26 subjects
25 older 26 subjects

for most parameters investigated linear regressions on age were steeper than described by the eccs reference values . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 reference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 for 3 parameters
2 most 3 parameters
3 parameters 4 investigated
3 parameters 6 regressions
3 parameters 9 were
3 parameters 10 steeper
3 parameters 12 described
3 parameters 16 reference
5 linear 6 regressions
6 regressions 7 on
6 regressions 9 were
7 on 8 age
10 steeper 11 than
12 described 13 by
13 by 15 eccs
14 the 15 eccs
16 reference 17 values

the regression of lung function [to] height largely follows the eccs prescriptions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 follows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 regression
2 regression 3 of
2 regression 9 follows
3 of 7 height
4 lung 7 height
5 function 7 height
8 largely 9 follows
9 follows 12 prescriptions
10 the 12 prescriptions
11 eccs 12 prescriptions

summary : bochum lung function values of younger healthy subjects were higher compared to the reference values of the eccs and showed a steeper age descent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 bochum
2 : 21 and
3 bochum 6 values
3 bochum 11 were
3 bochum 21 and
4 lung 6 values
5 function 6 values
6 values 7 of
6 values 11 were
7 of 10 subjects
8 younger 10 subjects
9 healthy 10 subjects
11 were 12 higher
13 compared 14 to
13 compared 21 and
14 to 17 values
15 the 17 values
16 reference 17 values
17 values 18 of
18 of 20 eccs
19 the 20 eccs
21 and 22 showed
22 showed 25 age
22 showed 26 descent
23 a 25 age
24 steeper 25 age

the alternatively discussed reference values of the sapaldia - [,] or luftibus - study are higher , [but] do [not] cover all necessary parameters [and/or] the age range . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 5 values
2 alternatively 3 discussed
3 discussed 4 reference
4 reference 5 values
5 values 6 of
5 values 11 or
6 of 8 sapaldia
7 the 8 sapaldia
9 - 11 or
11 or 12 luftibus
13 - 14 study
13 - 15 are
13 - 29 .
14 study 15 are
15 are 24 parameters
15 are 28 range
16 higher 17 ,
16 higher 19 do
19 do 21 cover
21 cover 24 parameters
22 all 23 necessary
23 necessary 24 parameters
26 the 28 range
27 age 28 range

a multi centre study for contemporary reference values is recommended . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 recommended
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 a 2 multi
1 a 4 study
2 multi 3 centre
3 centre 4 study
4 study 5 for
4 study 9 is
5 for 8 values
6 contemporary 7 reference
7 reference 8 values
9 is 10 recommended

purpose : many women identify their intimate partner as important source of support during cancer diagnosis and recovery , but little is known about how women deal with breast cancer while in a relationship self - described as difficult . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 but
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 many
2 : 14 during
3 many 4 women
3 many 5 identify
4 women 5 identify
5 identify 11 source
6 their 11 source
7 intimate 8 partner
8 partner 11 source
9 as 10 important
10 important 11 source
11 source 12 of
12 of 13 support
14 during 17 and
15 cancer 16 diagnosis
16 diagnosis 17 and
17 and 18 recovery
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 little
20 but 23 known
21 little 22 is
22 is 23 known
23 known 24 about
24 about 25 how
25 how 26 women
25 how 27 deal
26 women 27 deal
27 deal 28 with
27 deal 31 while
28 with 30 cancer
29 breast 30 cancer
31 while 32 in
32 in 35 self
33 a 35 self
34 relationship 35 self
35 self 37 described
36 - 37 described
37 described 38 as
37 described 40 .
38 as 39 difficult

the purpose of this article is to describe the aging - related experiences of older women who were diagnosed with breast cancer while in a [non] [-] supportive , difficult intimate relationship . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 related
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 8 describe
7 to 8 describe
8 describe 10 aging
9 the 10 aging
11 - 12 related
12 related 13 experiences
12 related 33 .
13 experiences 14 of
13 experiences 17 who
13 experiences 18 were
14 of 16 women
15 older 16 women
17 who 18 were
18 were 19 diagnosed
19 diagnosed 20 with
19 diagnosed 23 while
20 with 22 cancer
21 breast 22 cancer
23 while 24 in
24 in 32 relationship
25 a 32 relationship
28 supportive 29 ,
28 supportive 32 relationship
30 difficult 32 relationship
31 intimate 32 relationship

method : semi - structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 16 women aged 55 - 84 years ( mean 68.1 years ) in community settings in the mid - atlantic united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
2 : 7 interviews
2 : 9 conducted
3 semi 4 -
3 semi 7 interviews
5 structured 7 interviews
6 qualitative 7 interviews
7 interviews 8 were
8 were 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 with
9 conducted 27 in
10 with 13 sample
10 with 21 years
11 a 13 sample
12 convenience 13 sample
13 sample 14 of
14 of 16 women
15 16 16 women
16 women 17 aged
17 aged 19 -
18 55 19 -
19 - 20 84
21 years 25 years
22 ( 25 years
23 mean 25 years
24 68.1 25 years
25 years 26 )
27 in 29 settings
28 community 29 settings
29 settings 30 in
30 in 36 states
31 the 36 states
32 mid 33 -
32 mid 36 states
34 atlantic 35 united
35 united 36 states

data were analyzed using hermeneutic phenomenological analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 data 2 were
2 were 3 analyzed
3 analyzed 4 using
4 using 7 analysis
5 hermeneutic 7 analysis
6 phenomenological 7 analysis

results : participants [self] - identified as being in a difficult intimate relationship ( relationship length range : 1 year - 60 years , mean 35.6 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 participants
3 participants 6 identified
5 - 6 identified
6 identified 7 as
6 identified 18 :
7 as 8 being
8 being 9 in
8 being 17 range
9 in 13 relationship
10 a 13 relationship
11 difficult 13 relationship
12 intimate 13 relationship
14 ( 17 range
15 relationship 16 length
16 length 17 range
17 range 18 :
18 : 23 years
19 1 20 year
20 year 21 -
21 - 22 60
21 - 23 years
23 years 27 years
24 , 27 years
25 mean 27 years
26 35.6 27 years
27 years 28 )

reasons for relationship difficulty ranged from intimate partner abuse to terminal illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reasons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ranged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 reasons 2 for
1 reasons 5 ranged
2 for 4 difficulty
3 relationship 4 difficulty
5 ranged 6 from
5 ranged 10 to
6 from 9 abuse
7 intimate 8 partner
8 partner 9 abuse
10 to 12 illness
11 terminal 12 illness

the findings included the themes : " [at] my age " : participants reflect on aging and breast cancer ; breast cancer , sexuality , and aging [;] and silence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 included
3 included 5 themes
4 the 5 themes
6 : 7 "
6 : 9 my
6 : 12 :
9 my 10 age
10 age 11 "
12 : 13 participants
12 : 17 and
12 : 20 ;
13 participants 17 and
14 reflect 15 on
14 reflect 17 and
15 on 16 aging
17 and 18 breast
17 and 19 cancer
20 ; 29 and
21 breast 22 cancer
22 cancer 23 ,
23 , 24 sexuality
23 , 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 aging
26 and 29 and
29 and 30 silence

conclusions : issues related to aging such as changes in sexual relationships , comorbidities , and partner illness complicated the women 's breast cancer experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 issues
2 : 4 related
2 : 16 and
2 : 26 .
3 issues 4 related
4 related 5 to
5 to 6 aging
6 aging 8 as
6 aging 10 in
7 such 8 as
8 as 9 changes
10 in 12 relationships
11 sexual 12 relationships
12 relationships 14 comorbidities
13 , 14 comorbidities
14 comorbidities 15 ,
16 and 18 illness
16 and 19 complicated
17 partner 18 illness
18 illness 19 complicated
19 complicated 25 experience
20 the 21 women
21 women 22 's
22 's 25 experience
23 breast 25 experience
24 cancer 25 experience

despite relationship difficulties , these women coped effectively with breast cancer in various ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 coped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 despite 3 difficulties
1 despite 4 ,
1 despite 6 women
2 relationship 3 difficulties
5 these 6 women
6 women 7 coped
7 coped 8 effectively
7 coped 9 with
7 coped 12 in
9 with 11 cancer
10 breast 11 cancer
12 in 14 ways
13 various 14 ways

study findings will increase awareness about the unique , complex needs of older women facing breast cancer with [non] - supportive intimate partners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 study 2 findings
2 findings 3 will
3 will 4 increase
4 increase 5 awareness
4 increase 6 about
6 about 10 complex
7 the 10 complex
8 unique 9 ,
8 unique 10 complex
10 complex 11 needs
10 complex 18 with
11 needs 12 of
11 needs 16 breast
12 of 14 women
13 older 14 women
14 women 15 facing
16 breast 17 cancer
16 breast 18 with
20 - 23 partners
20 - 24 .
21 supportive 23 partners
22 intimate 23 partners

nurses should assess older breast cancer patients keeping in mind physical functioning , comorbidities , social support network , and quality of intimate partner support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 nurses 2 should
2 should 3 assess
3 assess 7 patients
4 older 7 patients
5 breast 6 cancer
6 cancer 7 patients
7 patients 8 keeping
7 patients 12 functioning
8 keeping 10 mind
8 keeping 11 physical
9 in 10 mind
13 , 20 and
14 comorbidities 15 ,
15 , 18 network
15 , 20 and
16 social 18 network
17 support 18 network
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 quality
20 and 22 of
22 of 25 support
23 intimate 25 support
24 partner 25 support

obesity can adversely affect human health , including fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 obesity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 affect
1 obesity 2 can
2 can 4 affect
3 adversely 4 affect
4 affect 6 health
5 human 6 health
6 health 8 including
7 , 8 including
8 including 9 fertility
8 including 10 .

while obesity can disturb the hormonal profile of the female organism and is associated with fertility loss , little is known about what effect male obesity has on fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 while 2 obesity
1 while 12 and
1 while 18 ,
1 while 19 little
2 obesity 12 and
3 can 4 disturb
3 can 12 and
4 disturb 7 profile
5 the 7 profile
6 hormonal 7 profile
7 profile 8 of
8 of 11 organism
9 the 11 organism
10 female 11 organism
12 and 13 is
12 and 15 with
12 and 17 loss
13 is 14 associated
15 with 16 fertility
19 little 20 is
20 is 21 known
21 known 22 about
21 known 28 on
22 about 23 what
23 what 24 effect
24 effect 27 has
25 male 26 obesity
26 obesity 27 has
28 on 29 fertility

the present study analysed sperm samples of 153 donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 analysed
4 analysed 6 samples
5 sperm 6 samples
6 samples 7 of
7 of 9 donors
8 153 9 donors

the men were selected from couples attending an infertility clinic , who had tried for 12 months or more to achieve pregnancy without success . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 men
2 men 3 were
3 were 4 selected
4 selected 5 from
5 from 6 couples
6 couples 7 attending
7 attending 10 clinic
8 an 10 clinic
9 infertility 10 clinic
11 , 12 who
11 , 21 achieve
12 who 13 had
12 who 21 achieve
13 had 14 tried
14 tried 15 for
14 tried 18 or
15 for 16 12
17 months 18 or
18 or 19 more
20 to 21 achieve
21 achieve 22 pregnancy
21 achieve 23 without
23 without 24 success

the age of the men under investigation was recorded , and their body mass index ( bmi ) was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 age
2 age 3 of
2 age 8 was
3 of 5 men
4 the 5 men
5 men 6 under
6 under 7 investigation
8 was 9 recorded
10 , 11 and
11 and 15 index
11 and 20 calculated
12 their 15 index
13 body 15 index
14 mass 15 index
15 index 17 bmi
15 index 19 was
16 ( 17 bmi
17 bmi 18 )
19 was 20 calculated

all semen samples were assessed for volume , concentration , motility and morphology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 all 3 samples
2 semen 3 samples
3 samples 4 were
4 were 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 for
6 for 12 and
7 volume 8 ,
8 , 9 concentration
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 motility
10 , 12 and
12 and 13 morphology

sperm chromatin integrity was measured by sperm chromatin structure [assay] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 integrity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 sperm 3 integrity
2 chromatin 3 integrity
3 integrity 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 by
6 by 9 structure
7 sperm 9 structure
8 chromatin 9 structure

quality of sperm chromatin condensation was assessed by toluidine blue , aniline blue and chromomycin a3 staining . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 quality 2 of
1 quality 6 was
2 of 5 condensation
3 sperm 5 condensation
4 chromatin 5 condensation
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 by
7 assessed 14 and
8 by 9 toluidine
10 blue 11 ,
11 , 13 blue
11 , 14 and
12 aniline 13 blue
14 and 17 staining
15 chromomycin 17 staining
16 a3 17 staining

we can conclude that the impact of elevated bmi on the parameters investigated ( basic semen parameters , chromatin integrity and chromatin condensation ) was not proven in this study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 we 2 can
2 can 3 conclude
3 conclude 4 that
4 that 6 impact
4 that 25 was
5 the 6 impact
6 impact 7 of
6 impact 25 was
7 of 9 bmi
8 elevated 9 bmi
9 bmi 10 on
10 on 12 parameters
11 the 12 parameters
12 parameters 13 investigated
12 parameters 21 and
14 ( 21 and
15 basic 16 semen
16 semen 17 parameters
17 parameters 18 ,
18 , 20 integrity
18 , 21 and
19 chromatin 20 integrity
21 and 23 condensation
21 and 24 )
22 chromatin 23 condensation
25 was 26 not
25 was 28 in
26 not 27 proven
28 in 30 study
29 this 30 study

on the other hand , [ejaculate] quality appeared to be affected by ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 quality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 appeared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 on 4 hand
1 on 5 ,
1 on 7 quality
2 the 3 other
3 other 4 hand
7 quality 8 appeared
8 appeared 9 to
8 appeared 11 affected
9 to 10 be
10 be 11 affected
11 affected 12 by
12 by 13 ageing

the impact was reflected by chromatin integrity , which is a factor that can substantially affect fertility in men , rather than by basic sperm parameters . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 impact
2 impact 3 was
3 was 4 reflected
4 reflected 5 by
4 reflected 22 than
5 by 7 integrity
6 chromatin 7 integrity
7 integrity 9 which
8 , 9 which
9 which 10 is
9 which 20 ,
10 is 12 factor
11 a 12 factor
12 factor 13 that
12 factor 14 can
13 that 14 can
14 can 16 affect
15 substantially 16 affect
16 affect 17 fertility
17 fertility 18 in
18 in 19 men
21 rather 22 than
22 than 23 by
23 by 26 parameters
24 basic 25 sperm
25 sperm 26 parameters

introduction : little is known about risperidone metabolism in a clinical sample , where polypharmacy is common . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 little
2 : 5 known
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 9 in
6 about 8 metabolism
7 risperidone 8 metabolism
9 in 12 sample
10 a 11 clinical
10 a 12 sample
11 clinical 12 sample
12 sample 14 where
13 , 14 where
14 where 15 polypharmacy
14 where 16 is
14 where 18 .
15 polypharmacy 16 is
16 is 17 common

such knowledge is important since several of its side effects are [dose] dependent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 knowledge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 such 2 knowledge
2 knowledge 3 is
3 is 4 important
4 important 5 since
5 since 6 several
5 since 11 are
6 several 7 of
6 several 11 are
7 of 10 effects
8 its 10 effects
9 side 10 effects
11 are 13 dependent

methods : medically healthy patients aged 7 to 17 years old treated with risperidone for at least 6 months were enrolled . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 healthy
2 : 20 were
3 medically 4 healthy
4 healthy 20 were
5 patients 6 aged
5 patients 11 old
5 patients 12 treated
5 patients 20 were
6 aged 8 to
7 7 8 to
8 to 9 17
9 17 10 years
10 years 11 old
12 treated 13 with
12 treated 15 for
13 with 14 risperidone
15 for 19 months
16 at 17 least
17 least 18 6
18 6 19 months
20 were 21 enrolled

trough serum risperidone and 9 [-] hydroxyrisperidone concentrations were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 trough 3 risperidone
2 serum 3 risperidone
3 risperidone 4 and
4 and 8 concentrations
4 and 9 were
5 9 8 concentrations
7 hydroxyrisperidone 8 concentrations
9 were 10 measured

results : one hundred seven participants ( 92 % males ) were recruited , representing a heterogenous clinical group with attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder , disruptive behavior disorders , pervasive developmental disorders , anxiety disorders , mood disorders , tic disorders , or psychotic disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
2 : 6 participants
2 : 13 recruited
2 : 22 -
3 one 4 hundred
4 hundred 5 seven
5 seven 6 participants
6 participants 10 males
6 participants 12 were
7 ( 10 males
8 92 10 males
9 % 10 males
10 males 11 )
12 were 13 recruited
13 recruited 15 representing
14 , 15 representing
15 representing 19 group
15 representing 22 -
16 a 17 heterogenous
16 a 19 group
17 heterogenous 19 group
18 clinical 19 group
19 group 20 with
20 with 21 attention
22 - 43 or
23 deficit/hyperactivity 24 disorder
24 disorder 25 ,
25 , 28 disorders
25 , 29 ,
26 disruptive 27 behavior
27 behavior 28 disorders
29 , 32 disorders
29 , 33 ,
30 pervasive 32 disorders
31 developmental 32 disorders
33 , 35 disorders
33 , 36 ,
34 anxiety 35 disorders
36 , 38 disorders
36 , 39 ,
37 mood 38 disorders
39 , 41 disorders
39 , 43 or
40 tic 41 disorders
42 , 43 or
43 or 45 disorders
44 psychotic 45 disorders

risperidone had been used at a mean dose of 0.03 mg/kg , for a mean 2.5 years , [predominantly] to treat irritability and aggression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 risperidone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 risperidone 2 had
2 had 3 been
3 been 4 used
4 used 5 at
4 used 20 to
5 at 8 dose
6 a 7 mean
6 a 8 dose
7 mean 8 dose
8 dose 9 of
8 dose 13 for
9 of 11 mg/kg
10 0.03 11 mg/kg
12 , 13 for
13 for 17 years
13 for 18 ,
14 a 15 mean
14 a 17 years
15 mean 17 years
16 2.5 17 years
20 to 23 and
21 treat 22 irritability
22 irritability 23 and
23 and 24 aggression

cytochrome cyp2d6 inhibitors were divided into prominent ( fluoxetine , bupropion , and lamotrigine ) , intermediate ( sertraline ) , [and] weak inhibition groups ( citalopram or escitalopram ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 cytochrome 2 cyp2d6
2 cyp2d6 3 inhibitors
3 inhibitors 4 were
4 were 5 divided
5 divided 6 into
6 into 13 and
7 prominent 9 fluoxetine
7 prominent 10 ,
7 prominent 11 bupropion
8 ( 9 fluoxetine
9 fluoxetine 10 ,
11 bupropion 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 lamotrigine
13 and 15 )
13 and 25 groups
16 , 25 groups
17 intermediate 19 sertraline
17 intermediate 21 ,
17 intermediate 24 inhibition
18 ( 19 sertraline
19 sertraline 20 )
23 weak 24 inhibition
24 inhibition 25 groups
25 groups 28 or
25 groups 30 )
26 ( 28 or
27 citalopram 28 or
28 or 29 escitalopram
28 or 30 )

the concentrations of risperidone and its metabolite were strongly associated with the dose of risperidone and time since the last dose [and] , to a lesser extent , with male sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 5 and
3 of 4 risperidone
5 and 7 metabolite
5 and 8 were
6 its 7 metabolite
8 were 9 strongly
8 were 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 18 since
10 associated 29 with
11 with 16 and
12 the 13 dose
13 dose 14 of
13 dose 16 and
14 of 15 risperidone
16 and 17 time
18 since 21 dose
19 the 20 last
19 the 21 dose
21 dose 24 to
23 , 24 to
24 to 27 extent
24 to 28 ,
25 a 26 lesser
25 a 27 extent
26 lesser 27 extent
29 with 31 sex
30 male 31 sex

in addition , risperidone concentration increased [with] pubertal [stage] ( p < 0.05 ) , [while] body mass index [z] - score ( p = 0.001 ) [predicted] a higher [9] - hydroxyrisperidone concentration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 concentration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 concentration
4 risperidone 5 concentration
5 concentration 6 increased
6 increased 8 pubertal
8 pubertal 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.05
12 < 14 )
15 , 19 index
15 , 21 -
17 body 19 index
18 mass 19 index
21 - 22 score
21 - 35 .
22 score 25 =
22 score 34 concentration
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.001
25 = 27 )
29 a 34 concentration
30 higher 32 -
30 higher 33 hydroxyrisperidone
33 hydroxyrisperidone 34 concentration

the use of cyp2d6 inhibitors was much more strongly associated with risperidone concentration ( p < 0.0001 ) than with its metabolite's ( p = 0.06 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 use
2 use 3 of
2 use 6 was
3 of 5 inhibitors
4 cyp2d6 5 inhibitors
6 was 9 strongly
6 was 10 associated
7 much 8 more
8 more 9 strongly
10 associated 11 with
10 associated 19 than
11 with 13 concentration
12 risperidone 13 concentration
13 concentration 16 <
14 ( 16 <
15 p 16 <
16 < 17 0.0001
16 < 18 )
19 than 20 with
20 with 22 metabolite's
21 its 22 metabolite's
22 metabolite's 25 =
23 ( 25 =
24 p 25 =
25 = 26 0.06
25 = 27 )

conclusions : in chronically treated youths , the metabolism of risperidone depends on the stage of sexual development , whereas that of 9 - hydroxyrisperidone varies with body fat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 youths
4 chronically 5 treated
5 treated 6 youths
7 , 9 metabolism
7 , 12 depends
7 , 19 ,
8 the 9 metabolism
9 metabolism 10 of
9 metabolism 12 depends
10 of 11 risperidone
12 depends 13 on
13 on 15 stage
14 the 15 stage
15 stage 16 of
16 of 18 development
17 sexual 18 development
19 , 25 hydroxyrisperidone
19 , 26 varies
20 whereas 21 that
20 whereas 25 hydroxyrisperidone
22 of 23 9
22 of 24 -
22 of 25 hydroxyrisperidone
25 hydroxyrisperidone 26 varies
26 varies 27 with
27 with 29 fat
28 body 29 fat

moreover , cyp2d6 inhibitors more strongly affect risperidone metabolism than that of its metabolite . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibitors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 inhibitors
3 cyp2d6 4 inhibitors
4 inhibitors 7 affect
5 more 6 strongly
6 strongly 7 affect
7 affect 9 metabolism
7 affect 10 than
8 risperidone 9 metabolism
10 than 11 that
10 than 12 of
12 of 14 metabolite
13 its 14 metabolite

the clinical implications of these findings , in relation to efficacy and tolerability , deserve further investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 implications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 deserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 implications
2 clinical 3 implications
3 implications 4 of
3 implications 15 deserve
4 of 6 findings
5 these 6 findings
6 findings 10 to
7 , 10 to
8 in 9 relation
9 relation 10 to
10 to 12 and
10 to 14 ,
11 efficacy 12 and
12 and 13 tolerability
15 deserve 17 investigation
16 further 17 investigation

none the idealized image [of] successful aging as living independently and autonomously does not convey reality for many adults in the united states and [globally] who are living with a disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 none 2 the
1 none 15 convey
1 none 27 are
2 the 11 and
3 idealized 7 aging
3 idealized 10 independently
3 idealized 11 and
4 image 7 aging
6 successful 7 aging
7 aging 9 living
8 as 9 living
11 and 13 does
12 autonomously 13 does
13 does 14 not
13 does 15 convey
15 convey 16 reality
15 convey 20 in
16 reality 17 for
17 for 19 adults
18 many 19 adults
20 in 24 and
21 the 23 states
22 united 23 states
23 states 24 and
24 and 26 who
27 are 28 living
28 living 29 with
29 with 31 disability
30 a 31 disability

there have been inconsistencies throughout the literature in defining disability and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 there 2 have
2 have 3 been
3 been 4 inconsistencies
3 been 5 throughout
5 throughout 11 and
6 the 7 literature
7 literature 8 in
7 literature 11 and
8 in 9 defining
9 defining 10 disability
11 and 12 aging

a concept analysis using rodgers ' method was undertaken to define the concept of disability and aging , understand its antecedents and consequences , and determine the implications for nursing practice and research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 undertaken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 3 analysis
2 concept 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 using
3 analysis 8 was
4 using 7 method
5 rodgers 6 '
6 ' 7 method
8 was 9 undertaken
9 undertaken 10 to
9 undertaken 29 for
10 to 18 ,
11 define 13 concept
11 define 18 ,
12 the 13 concept
13 concept 14 of
14 of 16 and
15 disability 16 and
16 and 17 aging
18 , 25 and
19 understand 22 and
19 understand 25 and
20 its 22 and
21 antecedents 22 and
22 and 23 consequences
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 determine
26 determine 28 implications
27 the 28 implications
29 for 30 nursing
30 nursing 32 and
31 practice 32 and
32 and 33 research

four attributes were defined : limitation in physical , sensory , [and/or] mental function [;] universal human experience ; difficulties in activities of daily living [(] adls )/instrumental adls ; [and] social construction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 attributes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 four 2 attributes
2 attributes 3 were
3 were 4 defined
5 : 6 limitation
5 : 19 ;
6 limitation 7 in
7 in 18 experience
8 physical 9 ,
8 physical 18 experience
10 sensory 11 ,
10 sensory 14 function
13 mental 14 function
14 function 18 experience
16 universal 17 human
17 human 18 experience
19 ; 20 difficulties
19 ; 28 )/instrumental
19 ; 30 ;
20 difficulties 21 in
20 difficulties 23 of
20 difficulties 28 )/instrumental
21 in 22 activities
23 of 25 living
24 daily 25 living
25 living 27 adls
28 )/instrumental 29 adls
30 ; 33 construction
32 social 33 construction

exemplars were identified to provide a representation of the attributes in context , and a model of disability and aging was created . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 exemplars
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 exemplars 2 were
2 were 3 identified
3 identified 4 to
4 to 5 provide
5 provide 7 representation
5 provide 11 in
6 a 7 representation
7 representation 8 of
8 of 10 attributes
9 the 10 attributes
11 in 14 and
12 context 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 16 model
14 and 17 of
15 a 16 model
17 of 18 disability
19 and 20 aging
19 and 22 created
20 aging 21 was
21 was 22 created

this concept analysis provides a better understanding of disability and aging , which can enable nurses to provide education and advocacy to older adults and their families . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 3 analysis
2 concept 3 analysis
3 analysis 4 provides
4 provides 7 understanding
5 a 7 understanding
6 better 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 10 and
9 disability 10 and
10 and 11 aging
12 , 13 which
12 , 15 enable
13 which 14 can
14 can 15 enable
15 enable 16 nurses
15 enable 17 to
15 enable 18 provide
17 to 18 provide
18 provide 20 and
18 provide 22 to
19 education 20 and
20 and 21 advocacy
22 to 25 and
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 and
25 and 27 families
26 their 27 families

as more individuals live past age 100 , it is important for health professionals to better understand characteristics important to the mental health of the oldest - old in our society . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 understand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 as 3 individuals
1 as 4 live
1 as 8 ,
1 as 9 it
2 more 3 individuals
3 individuals 4 live
4 live 5 past
5 past 6 age
6 age 7 100
9 it 10 is
10 is 11 important
11 important 12 for
11 important 15 to
12 for 14 professionals
13 health 14 professionals
15 to 17 understand
16 better 17 understand
17 understand 18 characteristics
18 characteristics 19 important
18 characteristics 24 of
18 characteristics 29 in
19 important 20 to
20 to 23 health
21 the 23 health
22 mental 23 health
24 of 28 old
25 the 26 oldest
25 the 28 old
26 oldest 27 -
29 in 31 society
30 our 31 society

few studies have been conducted on mental health in this group , but current literature suggests these individuals are very resilient with respect to mental health and life satisfaction , despite their health disadvantages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 conducted
5 conducted 6 on
5 conducted 9 in
6 on 8 health
7 mental 8 health
9 in 11 group
10 this 11 group
12 , 13 but
13 but 15 literature
13 but 16 suggests
14 current 15 literature
15 literature 16 suggests
16 suggests 18 individuals
16 suggests 19 are
17 these 18 individuals
18 individuals 19 are
19 are 21 resilient
20 very 21 resilient
21 resilient 22 with
21 resilient 24 to
21 resilient 31 despite
22 with 23 respect
24 to 27 and
25 mental 26 health
26 health 27 and
27 and 29 satisfaction
27 and 30 ,
28 life 29 satisfaction
31 despite 34 disadvantages
32 their 34 disadvantages
33 health 34 disadvantages

in interviews in a variety of studies , participants talked of the importance of both inner and outer resources for empowerment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 talked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 interviews
1 in 8 ,
1 in 9 participants
2 interviews 3 in
2 interviews 6 of
3 in 5 variety
4 a 5 variety
6 of 7 studies
9 participants 10 talked
10 talked 11 of
10 talked 19 resources
11 of 13 importance
12 the 13 importance
13 importance 14 of
14 of 15 both
16 inner 17 and
17 and 18 outer
17 and 19 resources
19 resources 20 for
20 for 21 empowerment

greater understanding of mental health in aging can inform policy makers as they draft new legislation and programs to enhance quality of life for the oldest - old [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 inform
1 greater 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 of
2 understanding 6 in
2 understanding 8 can
3 of 5 health
4 mental 5 health
6 in 7 aging
8 can 9 inform
9 inform 11 makers
9 inform 12 as
9 inform 19 to
9 inform 22 of
10 policy 11 makers
12 as 13 they
12 as 18 programs
13 they 17 and
14 draft 16 legislation
14 draft 17 and
15 new 16 legislation
17 and 18 programs
19 to 20 enhance
20 enhance 21 quality
22 of 23 life
23 life 24 for
24 for 28 old
25 the 26 oldest
25 the 28 old
26 oldest 27 -

major depressive disorder ( mdd ) is associated with a high rate of developing serious medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease , stroke , dementia , osteoporosis , diabetes , and the metabolic syndrome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disorder
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 major 3 disorder
2 depressive 3 disorder
3 disorder 5 mdd
3 disorder 7 is
4 ( 5 mdd
5 mdd 6 )
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 12 rate
10 a 12 rate
11 high 12 rate
12 rate 13 of
13 of 14 developing
14 developing 17 comorbidities
14 developing 19 as
15 serious 17 comorbidities
16 medical 17 comorbidities
18 such 19 as
19 as 31 and
20 cardiovascular 21 disease
21 disease 22 ,
22 , 23 stroke
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 dementia
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 osteoporosis
26 , 28 ,
28 , 29 diabetes
28 , 31 and
30 , 31 and
31 and 34 syndrome
32 the 34 syndrome
33 metabolic 34 syndrome

these are conditions that typically occur late in life , and it has been suggested that mdd may be associated with " accelerated aging . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 are
2 are 3 conditions
2 are 8 in
3 conditions 4 that
3 conditions 6 occur
4 that 6 occur
5 typically 6 occur
6 occur 7 late
8 in 9 life
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 it
11 and 15 suggested
12 it 13 has
13 has 14 been
14 been 15 suggested
15 suggested 16 that
16 that 17 mdd
16 that 20 associated
17 mdd 18 may
18 may 19 be
19 be 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 22 "
21 with 24 aging
23 accelerated 24 aging
25 . 26 "

we review several moderators and mediators that may accompany mdd and that may give rise to these comorbid medical conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 review
2 review 4 moderators
3 several 4 moderators
5 and 6 mediators
5 and 15 rise
6 mediators 7 that
6 mediators 11 and
6 mediators 15 rise
7 that 11 and
8 may 9 accompany
8 may 11 and
9 accompany 10 mdd
11 and 14 give
12 that 13 may
13 may 14 give
15 rise 16 to
16 to 20 conditions
17 these 20 conditions
18 comorbid 20 conditions
19 medical 20 conditions

we first review the moderating effects of psychological styles of coping , genetic predisposition , and epigenetic modifications ( eg , secondary to childhood adversity ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 first
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 we 2 first
2 first 3 review
3 review 6 effects
4 the 6 effects
5 moderating 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 16 and
8 psychological 9 styles
9 styles 10 of
9 styles 12 ,
10 of 11 coping
12 , 14 predisposition
12 , 16 and
13 genetic 14 predisposition
15 , 16 and
16 and 18 modifications
16 and 20 eg
16 and 22 secondary
17 epigenetic 18 modifications
19 ( 20 eg
20 eg 21 ,
21 , 22 secondary
22 secondary 23 to
22 secondary 26 )
23 to 25 adversity
24 childhood 25 adversity

in this model , mdd is characterized by a surfeit of potentially destructive mediators and an insufficiency of protective or restorative ones . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mdd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 3 model
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 mdd
2 this 3 model
5 mdd 6 is
6 is 7 characterized
7 characterized 8 by
8 by 10 surfeit
9 a 10 surfeit
10 surfeit 11 of
11 of 15 and
12 potentially 13 destructive
13 destructive 14 mediators
14 mediators 15 and
15 and 17 insufficiency
15 and 18 of
16 an 17 insufficiency
18 of 22 ones
19 protective 20 or
20 or 21 restorative
20 or 22 ones

these factors interact in increasing the likelihood of physical disease and [of] accelerated aging at the cellular level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 these 2 factors
2 factors 11 and
3 interact 4 in
3 interact 11 and
4 in 5 increasing
5 increasing 7 likelihood
6 the 7 likelihood
7 likelihood 8 of
8 of 10 disease
9 physical 10 disease
11 and 13 accelerated
11 and 15 at
13 accelerated 14 aging
15 at 18 level
16 the 18 level
17 cellular 18 level

we conclude with suggestions for novel [mechanism] - based therapeutics based on these mediators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 with
2 conclude 5 for
2 conclude 12 on
2 conclude 14 mediators
3 with 4 suggestions
5 for 10 therapeutics
6 novel 8 -
6 novel 10 therapeutics
9 based 10 therapeutics
10 therapeutics 11 based
12 on 13 these

first time p53 was found in the complex with viral large [t] - antigene in the cells transformed by small dna virus sv40 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 transformed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 first 2 time
2 time 3 p53
2 time 5 found
2 time 18 transformed
3 p53 4 was
4 was 5 found
5 found 6 in
5 found 9 with
6 in 8 complex
7 the 8 complex
9 with 14 antigene
10 viral 14 antigene
11 large 13 -
11 large 14 antigene
14 antigene 15 in
15 in 17 cells
16 the 17 cells
18 transformed 19 by
18 transformed 23 sv40
19 by 22 virus
20 small 22 virus
21 dna 22 virus

the cloning of p53 cdna was done in the beginning [of] [eighties] and soon after that the whole p53 gene was cloned . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cloning
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 cloning
2 cloning 3 of
2 cloning 6 was
3 of 5 cdna
4 p53 5 cdna
6 was 7 done
7 done 8 in
8 in 10 beginning
9 the 10 beginning
13 and 14 soon
13 and 20 gene
13 and 22 cloned
15 after 16 that
15 after 20 gene
17 the 20 gene
18 whole 20 gene
19 p53 20 gene
20 gene 21 was
21 was 22 cloned

the p53 family is comprised of three genes : tp53,tp63 and tp73 , each of which is expressed as a set [of] structurally and functionally different isoforms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 family
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 comprised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 family
2 p53 3 family
3 family 4 is
4 is 5 comprised
5 comprised 6 of
6 of 8 genes
7 three 8 genes
9 : 24 and
10 tp53,tp63 11 and
11 and 12 tp73
12 tp73 13 ,
13 , 14 each
13 , 24 and
14 each 15 of
15 of 16 which
16 which 17 is
17 is 18 expressed
18 expressed 19 as
18 expressed 23 structurally
19 as 21 set
20 a 21 set
24 and 27 isoforms
25 functionally 26 different
26 different 27 isoforms

all of them intensively interact with each other forming a united functional network of proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 them
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 interact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 3 them
2 of 3 them
3 them 5 interact
4 intensively 5 interact
5 interact 6 with
6 with 8 other
6 with 9 forming
7 each 8 other
9 forming 13 network
10 a 13 network
11 united 13 network
12 functional 13 network
13 network 14 of
14 of 15 proteins

in this review we discuss evolution of the p53 family and significance of all its members in embryonic development , reproduction , regeneration , regulation of aging and life span , as well as in the body 's defense against cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 review
4 we 5 discuss
5 discuss 11 and
5 discuss 33 well
5 discuss 34 as
6 evolution 7 of
6 evolution 11 and
7 of 10 family
8 the 10 family
9 p53 10 family
11 and 12 significance
11 and 21 reproduction
11 and 23 regeneration
12 significance 13 of
13 of 14 all
14 all 15 its
14 all 16 members
15 its 16 members
16 members 17 in
17 in 19 development
18 embryonic 19 development
20 , 21 reproduction
21 reproduction 22 ,
22 , 23 regeneration
23 regeneration 28 and
23 regeneration 31 ,
24 , 28 and
25 regulation 26 of
25 regulation 28 and
26 of 27 aging
28 and 30 span
28 and 31 ,
29 life 30 span
32 as 33 well
34 as 35 in
35 in 39 defense
36 the 37 body
37 body 38 's
38 's 39 defense
39 defense 40 against
40 against 41 cancer

with special attention we review the role of less studied members of the p53 family : p63 and p73 , in oncogenesis and tumor progression and show that different isoforms of these proteins might exert a contrary effect on these processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 with 3 attention
1 with 4 we
2 special 3 attention
4 we 26 and
5 review 23 and
5 review 26 and
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 12 of
7 role 18 and
8 of 11 members
9 less 10 studied
10 studied 11 members
12 of 14 p53
13 the 14 p53
14 p53 15 family
14 p53 17 p63
15 family 16 :
16 : 17 p63
18 and 19 p73
18 and 20 ,
18 and 21 in
18 and 23 and
21 in 22 oncogenesis
23 and 25 progression
24 tumor 25 progression
26 and 27 show
27 show 28 that
28 that 30 isoforms
28 that 35 exert
29 different 30 isoforms
30 isoforms 31 of
30 isoforms 34 might
31 of 33 proteins
32 these 33 proteins
34 might 35 exert
35 exert 38 effect
35 exert 39 on
36 a 38 effect
37 contrary 38 effect
39 on 41 processes
40 these 41 processes

male reproductive success is dependent on insemination success and reproductive output . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 success
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 male 3 success
2 reproductive 3 success
3 success 4 is
4 is 5 dependent
5 dependent 6 on
6 on 9 and
7 insemination 8 success
8 success 9 and
9 and 11 output
10 reproductive 11 output

during mating [,] male mosquitoes transfer not just sperm , but also seminal fluid proteins that may have profound effects on mated female biology and behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 during 6 transfer
1 during 15 proteins
2 mating 6 transfer
4 male 6 transfer
5 mosquitoes 6 transfer
7 not 11 but
7 not 15 proteins
8 just 9 sperm
9 sperm 11 but
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 also
11 but 14 fluid
13 seminal 14 fluid
15 proteins 16 that
15 proteins 17 may
15 proteins 18 have
16 that 17 may
18 have 20 effects
18 have 21 on
19 profound 20 effects
21 on 25 and
22 mated 24 biology
23 female 24 biology
24 biology 25 and
25 and 26 behavior

in this study , we investigated the role of male body size and mating history on semen depletion , female longevity , and reproductive success in aedes aegypti l ..y small and large males were mated in rapid succession with up to five females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 investigated
6 investigated 13 and
6 investigated 26 in
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
8 role 13 and
9 of 12 size
10 male 11 body
11 body 12 size
13 and 15 history
13 and 16 on
14 mating 15 history
16 on 23 and
17 semen 18 depletion
18 depletion 19 ,
19 , 21 longevity
19 , 23 and
20 female 21 longevity
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 success
24 reproductive 25 success
26 in 28 aegypti
27 aedes 28 aegypti
28 aegypti 29 l
29 l 30 ..y
30 ..y 32 and
31 small 32 and
32 and 34 males
32 and 35 were
33 large 34 males
35 were 36 mated
36 mated 37 in
36 mated 40 with
37 in 39 succession
38 rapid 39 succession
40 with 44 females
41 up 42 to
42 to 43 five
43 five 44 females

our results indicate that large males had greater mating capacity than small males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 indicate
3 indicate 4 that
4 that 6 males
4 that 7 had
5 large 6 males
6 males 7 had
7 had 10 capacity
7 had 11 than
8 greater 10 capacity
9 mating 10 capacity
11 than 13 males
12 small 13 males

a reduction in fecundity by >50 % was observed in females that were fourth to mate with small males in comparison with females that mated earlier in sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 2 reduction
2 reduction 3 in
2 reduction 5 by
2 reduction 8 was
3 in 4 fecundity
5 by 7 %
6 >50 7 %
8 was 9 observed
9 observed 10 in
9 observed 15 to
9 observed 17 with
9 observed 20 in
10 in 11 females
11 females 12 that
11 females 13 were
12 that 13 were
13 were 14 fourth
15 to 16 mate
17 with 19 males
18 small 19 males
20 in 21 comparison
21 comparison 22 with
21 comparison 24 that
21 comparison 25 mated
22 with 23 females
24 that 25 mated
25 mated 26 earlier
25 mated 27 in
27 in 28 sequence

for females mated to large males , this reduction became evident for females that mated fifth in sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 became
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 for 2 females
1 for 7 ,
1 for 9 reduction
2 females 3 mated
3 mated 4 to
4 to 6 males
5 large 6 males
8 this 9 reduction
9 reduction 10 became
10 became 11 evident
11 evident 12 for
12 for 13 females
13 females 14 that
13 females 15 mated
14 that 15 mated
15 mated 16 fifth
15 mated 17 in
17 in 18 sequence

no loss of fertility ( measured [as] [hatch] [rate] ) was observed in females that were third - fifth in mating sequence compared with females mated to virgin males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 no 2 loss
2 loss 3 of
2 loss 11 was
3 of 4 fertility
4 fertility 6 measured
5 ( 6 measured
6 measured 10 )
11 was 12 observed
12 observed 13 in
13 in 14 females
14 females 15 that
14 females 16 were
15 that 16 were
16 were 17 third
18 - 22 sequence
18 - 26 mated
19 fifth 22 sequence
20 in 21 mating
20 in 22 sequence
22 sequence 23 compared
22 sequence 24 with
22 sequence 26 mated
24 with 25 females
26 mated 27 to
27 to 29 males
28 virgin 29 males

when females were maintained on a low - quality ( 5 % sucrose ) diet , those mated to virgin males had a greater longevity compared with females mated third in sequence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 those
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 when 2 females
1 when 4 maintained
1 when 16 ,
1 when 17 those
2 females 3 were
3 were 4 maintained
4 maintained 5 on
5 on 15 diet
6 a 15 diet
7 low 9 quality
7 low 14 )
7 low 15 diet
8 - 9 quality
9 quality 13 sucrose
9 quality 14 )
10 ( 13 sucrose
11 5 12 %
12 % 13 sucrose
13 sucrose 14 )
17 those 18 mated
17 those 22 had
18 mated 19 to
19 to 21 males
20 virgin 21 males
22 had 25 longevity
22 had 31 in
23 a 25 longevity
24 greater 25 longevity
25 longevity 26 compared
25 longevity 27 with
25 longevity 29 mated
27 with 28 females
29 mated 30 third
31 in 32 sequence

we conclude that small males experience more rapid seminal depletion than large males , and discuss the role of semen depletion in the mated female . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 males
3 that 15 and
4 small 5 males
5 males 15 and
6 experience 10 depletion
6 experience 11 than
6 experience 15 and
7 more 8 rapid
8 rapid 10 depletion
9 seminal 10 depletion
11 than 13 males
12 large 13 males
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 discuss
16 discuss 18 role
16 discuss 22 in
17 the 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 21 depletion
20 semen 21 depletion
22 in 25 female
23 the 25 female
24 mated 25 female

our results contribute toward a better understanding of the complexity of ae . aegypti mating biology [and] provide refined estimates of mating capacity for genetic control efforts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 contribute
3 contribute 4 toward
4 toward 7 understanding
5 a 7 understanding
6 better 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 of
8 of 10 complexity
9 the 10 complexity
10 complexity 11 of
11 of 12 ae
13 . 14 aegypti
13 . 18 provide
13 . 28 .
14 aegypti 15 mating
14 aegypti 18 provide
15 mating 16 biology
18 provide 20 estimates
19 refined 20 estimates
20 estimates 21 of
21 of 22 mating
22 mating 23 capacity
23 capacity 24 for
24 for 27 efforts
25 genetic 26 control
26 control 27 efforts

a 65 [-] year [-] old man presented with complaints of general [malaise] and severe disturbance of consciousness since 2 months prior to admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 7 man
2 65 4 year
4 year 7 man
6 old 7 man
7 man 8 presented
7 man 11 of
7 man 14 and
8 presented 9 with
9 with 10 complaints
11 of 12 general
14 and 16 disturbance
14 and 22 prior
15 severe 16 disturbance
16 disturbance 17 of
17 of 18 consciousness
18 consciousness 19 since
19 since 21 months
20 2 21 months
22 prior 23 to
23 to 24 admission

mri of the head showed high intensity area in flair [image] in the left base [l] ganglia , the medial side of the left temporal lobe and both sides of the frontal lobe and brainstem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mri
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 mri 2 of
1 mri 5 showed
2 of 4 head
3 the 4 head
5 showed 8 area
6 high 8 area
7 intensity 8 area
8 area 9 in
8 area 12 in
9 in 10 flair
12 in 17 ganglia
13 the 17 ganglia
14 left 17 ganglia
15 base 17 ganglia
18 , 34 and
19 the 21 side
20 medial 21 side
21 side 22 of
21 side 27 and
22 of 26 lobe
23 the 26 lobe
24 left 26 lobe
25 temporal 26 lobe
27 and 29 sides
27 and 30 of
27 and 34 and
28 both 29 sides
30 of 33 lobe
31 the 33 lobe
32 frontal 33 lobe
34 and 35 brainstem

the contrasting effect was insignificant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 the 3 effect
2 contrasting 3 effect
3 effect 4 was
4 was 5 insignificant

laboratory investigations showed positive results of ebv antibody titer and elevated ebv - dna in the spinal fluid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 laboratory 2 investigations
2 investigations 10 and
3 showed 5 results
3 showed 9 titer
3 showed 10 and
4 positive 5 results
5 results 6 of
6 of 7 ebv
8 antibody 9 titer
10 and 11 elevated
11 elevated 14 dna
11 elevated 15 in
12 ebv 14 dna
13 - 14 dna
15 in 18 fluid
16 the 18 fluid
17 spinal 18 fluid

we suspected encephalitis due to epstein - barr virus and the patient was treated with acyclovir and high dosage of steroids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suspected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 suspected
2 suspected 3 encephalitis
2 suspected 5 to
4 due 5 to
5 to 6 epstein
7 - 9 virus
7 - 10 and
8 barr 9 virus
10 and 12 patient
10 and 14 treated
11 the 12 patient
12 patient 13 was
13 was 14 treated
14 treated 15 with
15 with 17 and
16 acyclovir 17 and
17 and 19 dosage
17 and 20 of
18 high 19 dosage
20 of 21 steroids

however , the patient 's consciousness gradually deteriorated and he died on day 146 of admission . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 consciousness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 deteriorated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 consciousness
3 the 4 patient
4 patient 5 's
5 's 6 consciousness
6 consciousness 8 deteriorated
7 gradually 8 deteriorated
9 and 10 he
9 and 11 died
10 he 11 died
11 died 12 on
12 on 13 day
13 day 14 146
13 day 15 of
15 of 16 admission

autopsy revealed proliferation [of] large atypical cells with clear and irregular nuclei in the brain tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 autopsy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 autopsy 2 revealed
2 revealed 7 cells
2 revealed 8 with
2 revealed 13 in
3 proliferation 7 cells
5 large 7 cells
6 atypical 7 cells
8 with 12 nuclei
9 clear 10 and
10 and 11 irregular
10 and 12 nuclei
13 in 16 tissue
14 the 16 tissue
15 brain 16 tissue

immunohistochemistry expressed positive eber - ish . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 immunohistochemistry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 expressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 immunohistochemistry 2 expressed
2 expressed 6 ish
3 positive 6 ish
4 eber 6 ish
5 - 6 ish

this case was finally diagnosed as the central nervous system involvement by age - related epstein - barr virus - associated [b] - cell lymphoproliferative disorder . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 case
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 diagnosed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 related
1 this 2 case
2 case 3 was
3 was 5 diagnosed
4 finally 5 diagnosed
5 diagnosed 6 as
5 diagnosed 12 by
6 as 11 involvement
7 the 11 involvement
8 central 10 system
9 nervous 10 system
10 system 11 involvement
12 by 13 age
14 - 15 related
15 related 16 epstein
16 epstein 19 virus
17 - 19 virus
18 barr 19 virus
19 virus 21 associated
19 virus 26 disorder
19 virus 27 .
20 - 21 associated
21 associated 23 -
23 - 26 disorder
24 cell 26 disorder
25 lymphoproliferative 26 disorder
26 disorder 27 .

background : increased production of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) in mitochondria has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for chronic complications of diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 production
2 : 16 proposed
2 : 26 .
3 increased 4 production
4 production 5 of
4 production 12 in
4 production 14 has
5 of 8 species
6 reactive 7 oxygen
7 oxygen 8 species
8 species 10 ros
9 ( 10 ros
10 ros 11 )
12 in 13 mitochondria
14 has 15 been
15 been 16 proposed
16 proposed 17 as
17 as 20 mechanism
18 the 20 mechanism
19 pathogenic 20 mechanism
20 mechanism 21 for
21 for 23 complications
22 chronic 23 complications
23 complications 24 of
24 of 25 diabetes

mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) is more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mitochondrial 2 dna
2 dna 4 mtdna
2 dna 6 is
3 ( 4 mtdna
4 mtdna 5 )
6 is 8 vulnerable
7 more 8 vulnerable
8 vulnerable 9 to
9 to 12 species
10 reactive 11 oxygen
11 oxygen 12 species

however , there are few data on the mitochondrial dna damage in diabetes and these are available only from patients with different duration of the disease and tissues not relevant to the chronic complications of diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 data
5 few 6 data
6 data 7 on
6 data 17 available
7 on 10 dna
8 the 10 dna
9 mitochondrial 10 dna
10 dna 14 and
10 dna 16 are
11 damage 12 in
11 damage 14 and
12 in 13 diabetes
14 and 15 these
14 and 16 are
17 available 18 only
17 available 19 from
17 available 21 with
19 from 20 patients
21 with 27 and
21 with 29 not
21 with 30 relevant
22 different 23 duration
23 duration 24 of
23 duration 27 and
24 of 26 disease
25 the 26 disease
27 and 28 tissues
29 not 30 relevant
30 relevant 31 to
31 to 34 complications
32 the 34 complications
33 chronic 34 complications
34 complications 35 of
35 of 36 diabetes

we therefore proposed to study the stability of mitochondrial dna under controlled experimental conditions , to understand its contribution to chronic complications of diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 3 proposed
2 therefore 3 proposed
3 proposed 4 to
3 proposed 15 ,
4 to 15 ,
5 study 7 stability
5 study 11 under
5 study 15 ,
6 the 7 stability
7 stability 8 of
8 of 10 dna
9 mitochondrial 10 dna
11 under 14 conditions
12 controlled 14 conditions
13 experimental 14 conditions
15 , 16 to
15 , 17 understand
15 , 20 to
16 to 17 understand
17 understand 19 contribution
18 its 19 contribution
20 to 22 complications
21 chronic 22 complications
22 complications 23 of
23 of 24 diabetes

methods : the mitochondrial dna damage was evaluated by long - fragment polymerase chain reaction in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to high glucose level and hypoxia ( an additional source of reactive oxygen species ) or in organs from diabetic animals ( db/db mice ) at different ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
2 : 6 damage
2 : 8 evaluated
3 the 6 damage
4 mitochondrial 6 damage
5 dna 6 damage
6 damage 7 was
7 was 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 by
8 evaluated 16 in
8 evaluated 36 or
8 evaluated 46 at
9 by 15 reaction
10 long 11 -
10 long 12 fragment
12 fragment 15 reaction
13 polymerase 15 reaction
14 chain 15 reaction
16 in 19 fibroblasts
17 human 19 fibroblasts
18 dermal 19 fibroblasts
19 fibroblasts 20 exposed
21 to 25 and
21 to 36 or
22 high 23 glucose
23 glucose 24 level
24 level 25 and
25 and 26 hypoxia
25 and 30 source
27 ( 30 source
28 an 29 additional
28 an 30 source
29 additional 30 source
30 source 31 of
30 source 35 )
31 of 34 species
32 reactive 33 oxygen
33 oxygen 34 species
36 or 37 in
37 in 38 organs
38 organs 39 from
38 organs 44 mice
39 from 41 animals
40 diabetic 41 animals
42 ( 44 mice
43 db/db 44 mice
44 mice 45 )
46 at 48 ages
47 different 48 ages

reactive oxygen species production was assessed in vitro by fluorescence [and] in vivo by nitrosylation of the proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 production
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 reactive 4 production
2 oxygen 4 production
3 species 4 production
4 production 5 was
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 8 vitro
6 assessed 9 by
6 assessed 13 vivo
6 assessed 14 by
7 in 8 vitro
9 by 10 fluorescence
12 in 13 vivo
14 by 15 nitrosylation
15 nitrosylation 16 of
16 of 18 proteins
17 the 18 proteins

the antioxidant enzymes were assessed by enzyme activity and by quantitative real - time polymerase chain reaction while the mitochondrial repair activity ( base excision repair ) was determined by using abasic site [-] containing oligonucleotides as substrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 enzymes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 3 enzymes
2 antioxidant 3 enzymes
3 enzymes 4 were
4 were 5 assessed
5 assessed 9 and
5 assessed 18 while
5 assessed 30 by
6 by 8 activity
6 by 9 and
7 enzyme 8 activity
9 and 10 by
10 by 17 reaction
11 quantitative 17 reaction
12 real 13 -
12 real 15 polymerase
14 time 15 polymerase
15 polymerase 17 reaction
16 chain 17 reaction
18 while 22 activity
18 while 29 determined
19 the 22 activity
20 mitochondrial 21 repair
21 repair 22 activity
22 activity 26 repair
22 activity 28 was
23 ( 26 repair
24 base 26 repair
25 excision 26 repair
26 repair 27 )
28 was 29 determined
30 by 31 using
31 using 36 oligonucleotides
31 using 37 as
32 abasic 33 site
33 site 36 oligonucleotides
35 containing 36 oligonucleotides
37 as 38 substrates

results : hyperglycaemia , when combined with hypoxia , is able to induce mitochondrial dna damage in human dermal fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 hyperglycaemia
2 : 10 is
2 : 21 .
3 hyperglycaemia 10 is
4 , 5 when
5 when 6 combined
5 when 9 ,
5 when 10 is
6 combined 7 with
7 with 8 hypoxia
10 is 11 able
11 able 12 to
11 able 13 induce
12 to 13 induce
13 induce 16 damage
13 induce 17 in
14 mitochondrial 16 damage
15 dna 16 damage
17 in 20 fibroblasts
18 human 20 fibroblasts
19 dermal 20 fibroblasts

the deleterious effect is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species , being abolished when the mitochondria electron transport is blocked . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 mediated
1 the 3 effect
2 deleterious 3 effect
3 effect 4 is
4 is 5 mediated
5 mediated 6 by
6 by 10 species
7 mitochondrial 9 oxygen
8 reactive 9 oxygen
9 oxygen 10 species
10 species 12 being
11 , 12 being
12 being 13 abolished
12 being 21 .
13 abolished 14 when
14 when 18 transport
14 when 20 blocked
15 the 18 transport
16 mitochondria 18 transport
17 electron 18 transport
18 transport 19 is
19 is 20 blocked

the accumulation of mitochondrial dna damage in vivo is , however , decreased in ['] old ['] diabetic animals ( db/db ) despite higher reactive oxygen species levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 accumulation
2 accumulation 3 of
2 accumulation 9 is
3 of 6 damage
4 mitochondrial 6 damage
5 dna 6 damage
7 in 8 vivo
8 vivo 9 is
9 is 13 decreased
10 , 11 however
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 decreased
13 decreased 14 in
13 decreased 23 despite
14 in 19 animals
16 old 19 animals
18 diabetic 19 animals
19 animals 21 db/db
20 ( 21 db/db
21 db/db 22 )
23 despite 28 levels
24 higher 28 levels
25 reactive 26 oxygen
26 oxygen 28 levels
27 species 28 levels

this mitochondrial dna protection might be conferred by an increased base excision repair activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 protection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 conferred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 this 4 protection
2 mitochondrial 4 protection
3 dna 4 protection
4 protection 5 might
5 might 6 be
6 be 7 conferred
7 conferred 8 by
8 by 14 activity
9 an 14 activity
10 increased 11 base
11 base 12 excision
12 excision 14 activity
13 repair 14 activity

conclusion : increased base excision repair activity in tissues affected by the chronic complications of diabetes is a potential mechanism that can overcome mitochondrial dna damage induced by hyperglycaemia - related reactive oxygen species overproduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 excision
2 : 17 is
2 : 31 related
3 increased 5 excision
4 base 5 excision
5 excision 7 activity
5 excision 10 affected
5 excision 17 is
6 repair 7 activity
7 activity 8 in
7 activity 10 affected
8 in 9 tissues
10 affected 11 by
11 by 14 complications
12 the 14 complications
13 chronic 14 complications
14 complications 15 of
15 of 16 diabetes
17 is 20 mechanism
18 a 20 mechanism
19 potential 20 mechanism
20 mechanism 21 that
20 mechanism 27 induced
21 that 26 damage
21 that 27 induced
22 can 23 overcome
23 overcome 26 damage
24 mitochondrial 26 damage
25 dna 26 damage
26 damage 27 induced
27 induced 28 by
28 by 29 hyperglycaemia
30 - 31 related
31 related 35 overproduction
31 related 36 .
32 reactive 33 oxygen
33 oxygen 34 species
34 species 35 overproduction

context : the mountain ok ( mt ok [ )(people of telefomin , who live at the interior of papua new guinea ( png ) , were documented over 25 years ago to be one of the shortest populations on record , with average adult height below the fifth percentile ( us ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 54 .
1 context 2 :
2 : 5 ok
3 the 5 ok
4 mountain 5 ok
5 ok 10 )(people
6 ( 10 )(people
7 mt 8 ok
8 ok 10 )(people
10 )(people 11 of
10 )(people 13 ,
11 of 12 telefomin
13 , 14 who
13 , 28 documented
14 who 26 ,
15 live 16 at
15 live 26 ,
16 at 18 interior
17 the 18 interior
18 interior 19 of
18 interior 24 png
19 of 22 guinea
20 papua 21 new
21 new 22 guinea
23 ( 24 png
24 png 25 )
26 , 27 were
27 were 28 documented
28 documented 29 over
28 documented 32 ago
28 documented 33 to
28 documented 43 with
29 over 30 25
31 years 32 ago
33 to 34 be
34 be 35 one
35 one 36 of
36 of 39 populations
37 the 38 shortest
37 the 39 populations
39 populations 40 on
40 on 41 record
42 , 43 with
43 with 46 height
43 with 47 below
43 with 53 )
44 average 46 height
45 adult 46 height
47 below 50 percentile
48 the 49 fifth
48 the 50 percentile
50 percentile 52 us
51 ( 52 us
52 us 53 )

serum growth hormone was detectable , insulin - like growth factor - 1 and serum indicators of protein nutritional status fell within the normal range , suggesting that these were not primary factors for their relative short stature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hormone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 serum 2 growth
2 growth 3 hormone
3 hormone 4 was
4 was 7 insulin
5 detectable 6 ,
5 detectable 7 insulin
7 insulin 9 like
8 - 9 like
9 like 11 factor
9 like 12 -
10 growth 11 factor
12 - 13 1
12 - 14 and
14 and 16 indicators
14 and 21 fell
15 serum 16 indicators
16 indicators 17 of
16 indicators 21 fell
17 of 20 status
18 protein 20 status
19 nutritional 20 status
21 fell 22 within
21 fell 27 suggesting
22 within 25 range
23 the 25 range
24 normal 25 range
26 , 27 suggesting
27 suggesting 28 that
27 suggesting 39 .
28 that 29 these
28 that 30 were
29 these 30 were
30 were 31 not
30 were 33 factors
32 primary 33 factors
33 factors 34 for
34 for 38 stature
35 their 38 stature
36 relative 38 stature
37 short 38 stature

objective : since the telefolmin people have experienced recent socioeconomic changes , they were [re] - evaluated in 2008 , to examine height , weight , and body mass index ( bmi ) , [for] insight into relative contributions of environment and other factors that modulate stature in children and adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 people
2 : 12 ,
3 since 5 telefolmin
3 since 6 people
4 the 5 telefolmin
6 people 7 have
7 have 11 changes
8 experienced 11 changes
9 recent 11 changes
10 socioeconomic 11 changes
12 , 13 they
13 they 14 were
14 were 17 evaluated
14 were 21 to
16 - 17 evaluated
17 evaluated 18 in
17 evaluated 20 ,
18 in 19 2008
21 to 22 examine
22 examine 27 and
22 examine 29 mass
23 height 24 ,
24 , 25 weight
24 , 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 body
27 and 29 mass
29 mass 30 index
30 index 32 bmi
30 index 42 and
31 ( 32 bmi
32 bmi 33 )
34 , 42 and
36 insight 37 into
36 insight 42 and
37 into 39 contributions
38 relative 39 contributions
39 contributions 40 of
40 of 41 environment
42 and 44 factors
42 and 45 that
42 and 46 modulate
42 and 52 .
43 other 44 factors
45 that 46 modulate
46 modulate 47 stature
46 modulate 48 in
48 in 50 and
49 children 50 and
50 and 51 adults

study design and setting : cross - sectional anthropometric data were collected from 474 individuals at telefomin in 2008 , and compared with anthropometric data from 342 individuals measured in 1983 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 setting
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 study 2 design
2 design 3 and
3 and 4 setting
4 setting 5 :
5 : 6 cross
7 - 10 data
7 - 21 and
7 - 32 .
8 sectional 10 data
9 anthropometric 10 data
10 data 21 and
11 were 12 collected
11 were 21 and
12 collected 13 from
12 collected 16 at
13 from 15 individuals
14 474 15 individuals
16 at 17 telefomin
17 telefomin 18 in
18 in 19 2008
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 compared
21 and 23 with
21 and 26 from
23 with 25 data
24 anthropometric 25 data
26 from 28 individuals
27 342 28 individuals
28 individuals 29 measured
29 measured 30 in
30 in 31 1983

results : the height of telefolmin subjects , below the fifth percentile in 1983 , remained below the fifth percentile in 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 height
2 : 16 remained
2 : 23 .
3 the 4 height
4 height 5 of
4 height 9 below
4 height 16 remained
5 of 7 subjects
6 telefolmin 7 subjects
8 , 9 below
9 below 11 fifth
9 below 15 ,
10 the 11 fifth
11 fifth 12 percentile
12 percentile 13 in
13 in 14 1983
16 remained 17 below
16 remained 21 in
17 below 20 percentile
18 the 20 percentile
19 fifth 20 percentile
21 in 22 2008

weight and bmi of peripubertal and adult age groups increased from 1983 to 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 weight 2 and
2 and 3 bmi
2 and 4 of
2 and 8 age
4 of 6 and
5 peripubertal 6 and
6 and 7 adult
8 age 9 groups
8 age 13 to
9 groups 10 increased
11 from 13 to
12 1983 13 to
13 to 14 2008

male and female heights at peripubertal ages were significantly greater in 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 heights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 male 2 and
2 and 3 female
2 and 4 heights
4 heights 5 at
4 heights 8 were
5 at 7 ages
6 peripubertal 7 ages
8 were 9 significantly
8 were 10 greater
10 greater 11 in
11 in 12 2008

nevertheless , final adult height did not change significantly over the 25 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 height
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 5 height
3 final 4 adult
4 adult 5 height
5 height 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 change
8 change 9 significantly
8 change 10 over
10 over 13 years
11 the 12 25
12 25 13 years

conclusions : recent socioeconomic changes appear to contribute to increased weight , bmi , and stature at younger ages in the mt ok at telefomin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 recent
3 recent 5 changes
3 recent 8 contribute
4 socioeconomic 5 changes
5 changes 6 appear
6 appear 7 to
6 appear 8 contribute
7 to 8 contribute
8 contribute 9 to
8 contribute 17 at
8 contribute 20 in
8 contribute 24 at
9 to 15 and
10 increased 11 weight
11 weight 12 ,
12 , 13 bmi
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 stature
17 at 19 ages
18 younger 19 ages
20 in 23 ok
21 the 23 ok
22 mt 23 ok
24 at 25 telefomin

in contrast , unchanging adult stature may reflect a delay in the impact of socioeconomic changes , or genetic influences that modulate responsiveness to other growth regulators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 stature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 reflect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 stature
4 unchanging 5 adult
5 adult 6 stature
6 stature 7 may
7 may 8 reflect
8 reflect 10 delay
8 reflect 11 in
9 a 10 delay
11 in 13 impact
12 the 13 impact
13 impact 14 of
14 of 18 or
15 socioeconomic 16 changes
16 changes 18 or
17 , 18 or
18 or 20 influences
18 or 21 that
18 or 22 modulate
19 genetic 20 influences
21 that 22 modulate
22 modulate 23 responsiveness
22 modulate 24 to
24 to 27 regulators
25 other 27 regulators
26 growth 27 regulators

objectives : we present the first review and meta - analysis of the association between adult stature and age at menarche over a broad range of human societies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 18 and
3 we 18 and
4 present 8 and
4 present 15 between
4 present 18 and
5 the 6 first
5 the 7 review
7 review 8 and
8 and 11 analysis
8 and 12 of
9 meta 10 -
9 meta 11 analysis
12 of 14 association
13 the 14 association
15 between 17 stature
16 adult 17 stature
18 and 19 age
18 and 22 over
19 age 20 at
20 at 21 menarche
22 over 25 range
23 a 24 broad
23 a 25 range
24 broad 25 range
25 range 26 of
26 of 28 societies
27 human 28 societies

we then outline possible biological explanations for observed empirical associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 we 3 outline
2 then 3 outline
3 outline 6 explanations
4 possible 6 explanations
5 biological 6 explanations
6 explanations 7 for
7 for 10 associations
8 observed 10 associations
9 empirical 10 associations

methods : we analyzed the association between adult stature and age at menarche in 141 samples from published reports , including 35 samples for which the [within] [-] sample association was also reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
2 : 3 we
3 we 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 6 association
4 analyzed 7 between
5 the 6 association
7 between 10 and
8 adult 9 stature
9 stature 10 and
10 and 11 age
11 age 12 at
12 at 13 menarche
13 menarche 14 in
13 menarche 17 from
13 menarche 23 samples
14 in 16 samples
15 141 16 samples
17 from 19 reports
18 published 19 reports
20 , 23 samples
21 including 23 samples
22 35 23 samples
23 samples 24 for
23 samples 33 reported
23 samples 34 .
24 for 25 which
25 which 29 sample
25 which 33 reported
26 the 29 sample
29 sample 30 association
29 sample 31 was
29 sample 33 reported
30 association 31 was
31 was 32 also

results : overall and in small - scale societies , later age at menarche is associated with shorter adult stature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 overall
4 and 12 age
4 and 16 associated
5 in 9 societies
5 in 10 ,
5 in 12 age
6 small 7 -
6 small 8 scale
8 scale 9 societies
11 later 12 age
12 age 13 at
12 age 15 is
13 at 14 menarche
15 is 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 stature
18 shorter 19 adult
19 adult 20 stature

however , both [between] and [within] samples from industrialized societies , later age at menarche is associated with taller adult stature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 and
3 both 5 and
5 and 7 samples
5 and 11 ,
5 and 13 age
5 and 16 is
5 and 17 associated
7 samples 8 from
8 from 10 societies
9 industrialized 10 societies
12 later 13 age
13 age 14 at
13 age 16 is
14 at 15 menarche
17 associated 18 with
18 with 21 stature
19 taller 20 adult
20 adult 21 stature

conclusions : the pattern of associations between adult stature and age at menarche may be explicable as a norm of reaction that evolved according to predictions of life history theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 pattern
3 the 4 pattern
4 pattern 5 of
5 of 6 associations
6 associations 7 between
7 between 9 stature
8 adult 9 stature
10 and 11 age
10 and 15 be
11 age 12 at
11 age 14 may
12 at 13 menarche
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 explicable
16 explicable 17 as
17 as 19 norm
18 a 19 norm
19 norm 20 of
19 norm 22 that
19 norm 23 evolved
19 norm 27 of
20 of 21 reaction
22 that 23 evolved
23 evolved 25 to
24 according 25 to
25 to 26 predictions
27 of 30 theory
28 life 29 history
29 history 30 theory

however , nonadaptive explanations are also plausible , especially for the positive association observed in industrialized societies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explanations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 explanations
3 nonadaptive 4 explanations
4 explanations 5 are
5 are 6 also
5 are 7 plausible
7 plausible 10 for
8 , 9 especially
8 , 10 for
10 for 13 association
10 for 18 .
11 the 13 association
12 positive 13 association
13 association 14 observed
14 observed 15 in
15 in 17 societies
16 industrialized 17 societies

purpose : mild to moderate chest trauma is a common disease , although its clinical characteristics are not well known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 purpose 2 :
2 : 3 mild
4 to 5 moderate
4 to 8 is
5 moderate 7 trauma
6 chest 7 trauma
8 is 11 disease
8 is 13 although
9 a 10 common
9 a 11 disease
10 common 11 disease
12 , 13 although
13 although 16 characteristics
14 its 16 characteristics
15 clinical 16 characteristics
16 characteristics 17 are
17 are 18 not
17 are 19 well
17 are 20 known

we investigated the clinical profiles and the early and long - term outcome of hospitalized patients with chest trauma , focusing particularly on elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 9 and
2 investigated 17 with
3 the 5 profiles
4 clinical 5 profiles
5 profiles 6 and
6 and 8 early
6 and 9 and
7 the 8 early
9 and 13 outcome
9 and 14 of
10 long 11 -
10 long 12 term
12 term 13 outcome
14 of 16 patients
15 hospitalized 16 patients
17 with 19 trauma
18 chest 19 trauma
19 trauma 21 focusing
20 , 21 focusing
21 focusing 22 particularly
21 focusing 26 .
22 particularly 23 on
23 on 25 patients
24 elderly 25 patients

methods : the clinical records of patients who were hospitalized in higashisumiyoshi morimoto hospital for chest trauma between january 2001 and december 2004 were retrospectively reviewed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 records
2 : 24 were
2 : 27 .
3 the 5 records
4 clinical 5 records
5 records 6 of
5 records 8 who
5 records 9 were
5 records 24 were
6 of 7 patients
8 who 9 were
9 were 10 hospitalized
10 hospitalized 11 in
10 hospitalized 15 for
10 hospitalized 18 between
11 in 14 hospital
12 higashisumiyoshi 13 morimoto
13 morimoto 14 hospital
15 for 17 trauma
16 chest 17 trauma
18 between 21 and
19 january 20 2001
19 january 21 and
21 and 22 december
22 december 23 2004
24 were 25 retrospectively
24 were 26 reviewed

the clinical profiles , treatment methods , and outcomes were investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 profiles
2 clinical 3 profiles
3 profiles 4 ,
4 , 6 methods
4 , 8 and
5 treatment 6 methods
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 outcomes
8 and 10 were
10 were 11 investigated

the primary endpoint was a repeat visit to the hospital for another traumatic condition after discharge , and the secondary endpoint was death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 endpoint
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 endpoint
2 primary 3 endpoint
3 endpoint 4 was
4 was 7 visit
5 a 7 visit
6 repeat 7 visit
7 visit 8 to
7 visit 15 after
8 to 10 hospital
9 the 10 hospital
10 hospital 11 for
11 for 14 condition
12 another 14 condition
13 traumatic 14 condition
15 after 16 discharge
17 , 18 and
18 and 21 endpoint
18 and 22 was
19 the 21 endpoint
20 secondary 21 endpoint
21 endpoint 22 was
22 was 23 death

the patients were divided into two groups with respect to the age of 60 years , and differences were compared statistically . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 patients
2 patients 3 were
3 were 4 divided
4 divided 5 into
4 divided 8 with
4 divided 10 to
5 into 7 groups
6 two 7 groups
8 with 9 respect
10 to 12 age
11 the 12 age
12 age 13 of
13 of 15 years
14 60 15 years
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 differences
17 and 20 compared
18 differences 19 were
19 were 20 compared
20 compared 21 statistically

results : in all , 53 patients ( 34 men ) were hospitalized for chest trauma in our hospital between january 2001 and december 2004 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 4 all
5 , 7 patients
5 , 13 hospitalized
6 53 7 patients
7 patients 10 men
7 patients 12 were
8 ( 10 men
9 34 10 men
10 men 11 )
12 were 13 hospitalized
13 hospitalized 14 for
13 hospitalized 17 in
14 for 16 trauma
15 chest 16 trauma
17 in 23 and
18 our 19 hospital
19 hospital 20 between
19 hospital 23 and
20 between 21 january
21 january 22 2001
23 and 24 december
24 december 25 2004

the mean age was 54.9 years ( 17 - 85 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 age
2 mean 3 age
3 age 4 was
4 was 6 years
5 54.9 6 years
6 years 9 -
7 ( 9 -
8 17 9 -
9 - 11 years
9 - 12 )
10 85 11 years

the distribution of age showed biphasic peaks - in the [tens] [to] twenties , [and] [sixties] [to] [seventies] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 distribution
2 distribution 3 of
2 distribution 5 showed
3 of 4 age
5 showed 7 peaks
6 biphasic 7 peaks
7 peaks 9 in
8 - 9 in
9 in 13 twenties
9 in 14 ,
10 the 13 twenties

injuries were significantly more likely to be caused by a fall in elderly patients than in younger patients ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 injuries
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 injuries 2 were
2 were 3 significantly
2 were 5 likely
4 more 5 likely
5 likely 6 to
5 likely 8 caused
6 to 7 be
7 be 8 caused
8 caused 9 by
8 caused 15 than
9 by 11 fall
10 a 11 fall
11 fall 12 in
12 in 14 patients
13 elderly 14 patients
15 than 16 in
16 in 18 patients
17 younger 18 patients
18 patients 21 <
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.05
21 < 23 )

the elderly patients revisited our hospital with another trauma more frequently than did the younger patients ( p < 0.05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 revisited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 3 patients
2 elderly 3 patients
3 patients 4 revisited
4 revisited 6 hospital
4 revisited 7 with
4 revisited 11 frequently
4 revisited 12 than
5 our 6 hospital
7 with 9 trauma
8 another 9 trauma
10 more 11 frequently
12 than 13 did
13 did 16 patients
14 the 16 patients
15 younger 16 patients
16 patients 19 <
17 ( 19 <
18 p 19 <
19 < 20 0.05
19 < 21 )

conclusion : elderly patients were likely to suffer both [falls] and a further traumatic condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 elderly
2 : 5 were
2 : 16 .
3 elderly 5 were
4 patients 5 were
5 were 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
6 likely 8 suffer
7 to 8 suffer
8 suffer 11 and
9 both 11 and
11 and 15 condition
12 a 15 condition
13 further 15 condition
14 traumatic 15 condition

this probably reflects the general deterioration of physical abilities , such as lowered cognitive and somatic performances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reflects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 3 reflects
2 probably 3 reflects
3 reflects 6 deterioration
4 the 6 deterioration
5 general 6 deterioration
6 deterioration 7 of
7 of 9 abilities
8 physical 9 abilities
10 , 17 performances
11 such 17 performances
12 as 13 lowered
13 lowered 17 performances
14 cognitive 15 and
15 and 16 somatic
15 and 17 performances

benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph ) is one of the most common conditions associated with the aging male . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hyperplasia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 benign 3 hyperplasia
2 prostatic 3 hyperplasia
3 hyperplasia 5 bph
3 hyperplasia 7 is
4 ( 5 bph
5 bph 6 )
7 is 8 one
7 is 15 with
8 one 9 of
8 one 14 associated
9 of 13 conditions
10 the 13 conditions
11 most 12 common
12 common 13 conditions
15 with 18 male
16 the 18 male
17 aging 18 male

surgical management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to bph has progressed over time as urologic surgeons search for more innovative and less invasive forms of treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 surgical
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 progressed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 surgical 2 management
1 surgical 11 has
1 surgical 12 progressed
2 management 3 of
2 management 11 has
3 of 7 symptoms
4 lower 6 tract
5 urinary 6 tract
6 tract 7 symptoms
7 symptoms 8 attributed
8 attributed 9 to
9 to 10 bph
12 progressed 13 over
12 progressed 19 for
13 over 14 time
14 time 17 surgeons
14 time 18 search
15 as 16 urologic
16 urologic 17 surgeons
17 surgeons 18 search
19 for 25 forms
20 more 25 forms
21 innovative 22 and
22 and 23 less
22 and 25 forms
24 invasive 25 forms
25 forms 26 of
26 of 27 treatment

transurethral resection of the prostate ( turp ) has long been the " gold standard " to which all other forms of treatment are compared . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 transurethral 2 resection
2 resection 3 of
2 resection 7 turp
2 resection 9 has
3 of 5 prostate
4 the 5 prostate
6 ( 7 turp
7 turp 8 )
9 has 11 been
10 long 11 been
11 been 15 standard
12 the 13 "
12 the 15 standard
14 gold 15 standard
15 standard 16 "
15 standard 17 to
15 standard 25 compared
17 to 18 which
17 to 21 forms
17 to 24 are
19 all 20 other
20 other 21 forms
21 forms 22 of
21 forms 24 are
22 of 23 treatment

there are several different methods of surgical treatment of bph , including whole gland enucleation/intact removal , vaporization , and induction of necrosis with delayed reabsorption as well as hybrid techniques . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 there 2 are
2 are 5 methods
3 several 5 methods
4 different 5 methods
5 methods 6 of
5 methods 9 of
6 of 8 treatment
7 surgical 8 treatment
9 of 20 and
10 bph 12 including
10 bph 20 and
11 , 12 including
12 including 16 removal
12 including 19 ,
13 whole 16 removal
14 gland 15 enucleation/intact
15 enucleation/intact 16 removal
16 removal 18 vaporization
17 , 18 vaporization
18 vaporization 19 ,
20 and 21 induction
20 and 29 as
21 induction 22 of
22 of 23 necrosis
23 necrosis 24 with
24 with 26 reabsorption
25 delayed 26 reabsorption
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
29 as 31 techniques
30 hybrid 31 techniques

as with any form of surgical intervention , long - term results define success . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 define
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 as 2 with
1 as 8 ,
1 as 12 results
2 with 4 form
3 any 4 form
4 form 5 of
5 of 7 intervention
6 surgical 7 intervention
9 long 10 -
9 long 11 term
11 term 12 results
12 results 13 define
13 define 14 success

long - term [follow] - up [consists] [of] examining overall efficacy with attention to associated adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
5 - 6 up
5 - 18 .
6 up 11 efficacy
6 up 12 with
6 up 14 to
9 examining 11 efficacy
10 overall 11 efficacy
12 with 13 attention
14 to 17 events
15 associated 17 events
16 adverse 17 events

turp has the luxury of the longest follow - up , while less invasive forms of treatment starting to acquire long - term data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 turp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 turp 2 has
2 has 4 luxury
2 has 8 follow
3 the 4 luxury
4 luxury 5 of
5 of 7 longest
6 the 7 longest
8 follow 10 up
8 follow 12 while
8 follow 15 forms
8 follow 19 to
9 - 10 up
10 up 11 ,
12 while 14 invasive
13 less 14 invasive
15 forms 16 of
15 forms 18 starting
16 of 17 treatment
19 to 20 acquire
20 acquire 24 data
21 long 22 -
21 long 23 term
23 term 24 data

there are several surgical options for bph ; newer methods do [show] promise , while the " gold standard " continues to demonstrate excellent surgical results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ;
1 there 2 are
2 are 5 options
3 several 5 options
4 surgical 5 options
5 options 6 for
6 for 7 bph
8 ; 10 methods
8 ; 13 promise
9 newer 10 methods
10 methods 11 do
11 do 13 promise
13 promise 15 while
14 , 15 while
15 while 19 standard
15 while 21 continues
15 while 27 .
16 the 17 "
16 the 19 standard
18 gold 19 standard
19 standard 20 "
19 standard 21 continues
21 continues 22 to
21 continues 23 demonstrate
22 to 23 demonstrate
23 demonstrate 26 results
24 excellent 26 results
25 surgical 26 results

unlabelled : a comprehensive review of literature was conducted to investigate variation in hip fracture incident rates around the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 5 review
2 : 9 conducted
3 a 4 comprehensive
3 a 5 review
4 comprehensive 5 review
5 review 6 of
5 review 8 was
6 of 7 literature
8 was 9 conducted
9 conducted 10 to
9 conducted 13 in
9 conducted 18 around
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 12 variation
13 in 17 rates
14 hip 15 fracture
15 fracture 17 rates
16 incident 17 rates
18 around 20 world
19 the 20 world

the original crude incidence rates were standardized for age and sex for comparability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 standardized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 5 rates
2 original 4 incidence
3 crude 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 rates
5 rates 6 were
6 were 7 standardized
7 standardized 8 for
8 for 10 and
9 age 10 and
10 and 11 sex
10 and 12 for
12 for 13 comparability

after standardization , the highest rates [of] hip fracture were found in scandinavia and the lowest rates in africa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 fracture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 after 2 standardization
1 after 3 ,
1 after 9 fracture
4 the 5 highest
4 the 9 fracture
6 rates 9 fracture
8 hip 9 fracture
9 fracture 10 were
10 were 11 found
11 found 12 in
11 found 18 in
12 in 14 and
13 scandinavia 14 and
14 and 17 rates
15 the 16 lowest
15 the 17 rates
18 in 19 africa

introduction : this study was conducted to investigate the geographic trends of the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures through a comprehensive review of literature . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 6 conducted
2 : 25 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 conducted
6 conducted 7 to
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 11 trends
8 investigate 19 through
9 the 11 trends
10 geographic 11 trends
11 trends 12 of
12 of 14 incidence
13 the 14 incidence
14 incidence 15 of
15 of 18 fractures
16 osteoporotic 18 fractures
17 hip 18 fractures
19 through 22 review
20 a 21 comprehensive
20 a 22 review
21 comprehensive 22 review
22 review 23 of
23 of 24 literature

methods : studies were identified for inclusion in the review by searching the medline database via pubmed and applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 studies
2 : 5 identified
3 studies 4 were
4 were 5 identified
5 identified 6 for
5 identified 8 in
5 identified 11 by
5 identified 16 via
6 for 7 inclusion
8 in 10 review
9 the 10 review
11 by 12 searching
12 searching 15 database
13 the 15 database
14 medline 15 database
16 via 22 and
17 pubmed 18 and
18 and 21 inclusion
18 and 22 and
19 applying 21 inclusion
20 strict 21 inclusion
22 and 24 criteria
23 exclusion 24 criteria

age - specific incidence rates were extracted from the articles , and in order to provide a common platform for analysis , we used directly age - standardized and age - sex - standardized rates ( [using] the 2005 united nations estimates of the world population as standard [ )(to complete the analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
1 age 2 -
1 age 5 rates
3 specific 4 incidence
4 incidence 5 rates
5 rates 6 were
6 were 7 extracted
7 extracted 8 from
8 from 10 articles
9 the 10 articles
11 , 12 and
12 and 23 we
13 in 14 order
13 in 23 we
14 order 15 to
14 order 16 provide
15 to 16 provide
16 provide 19 platform
17 a 19 platform
18 common 19 platform
20 for 21 analysis
20 for 22 ,
20 for 23 we
23 we 29 and
24 used 25 directly
24 used 26 age
24 used 29 and
26 age 28 standardized
27 - 28 standardized
29 and 30 age
29 and 33 -
31 - 33 -
32 sex 33 -
33 - 35 rates
34 standardized 35 rates
35 rates 42 estimates
36 ( 42 estimates
38 the 39 2005
39 2005 42 estimates
40 united 42 estimates
41 nations 42 estimates
42 estimates 43 of
42 estimates 54 .
43 of 46 population
44 the 46 population
45 world 46 population
46 population 48 standard
47 as 48 standard
48 standard 50 )(to
48 standard 51 complete
50 )(to 51 complete
51 complete 53 analysis
52 the 53 analysis

results : forty - six full text articles spanning 33 countries/regions were included in the review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 articles
2 : 13 included
2 : 17 .
3 forty 4 -
4 - 5 six
4 - 8 articles
6 full 8 articles
7 text 8 articles
8 articles 9 spanning
8 articles 12 were
9 spanning 11 countries/regions
10 33 11 countries/regions
12 were 13 included
13 included 14 in
14 in 16 review
15 the 16 review

for ease of comparison , the results were analyzed by geographic regions : north america , latin america , scandinavia , europe ( excluding scandinavia ) , africa , asia , and australia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
1 for 2 ease
1 for 5 ,
1 for 7 results
2 ease 3 of
3 of 4 comparison
6 the 7 results
7 results 8 were
8 were 9 analyzed
9 analyzed 10 by
10 by 12 regions
11 geographic 12 regions
13 : 32 and
13 : 34 .
14 north 15 america
15 america 16 ,
16 , 18 america
16 , 19 ,
17 latin 18 america
19 , 20 scandinavia
19 , 21 ,
21 , 22 europe
21 , 27 ,
22 europe 24 excluding
23 ( 24 excluding
24 excluding 25 scandinavia
24 excluding 26 )
27 , 28 africa
27 , 29 ,
29 , 30 asia
29 , 32 and
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 australia

the highest hip fracture rates were found in scandinavia and the lowest [in] africa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 highest
1 the 5 rates
3 hip 4 fracture
4 fracture 5 rates
5 rates 6 were
6 were 7 found
7 found 8 in
8 in 10 and
9 scandinavia 10 and
10 and 14 africa
11 the 12 lowest
11 the 14 africa

we found comparable rates from countries in north america , australia , and europe outside of scandinavia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 4 rates
2 found 7 in
2 found 16 of
3 comparable 4 rates
4 rates 5 from
5 from 6 countries
7 in 13 and
8 north 9 america
9 america 10 ,
10 , 11 australia
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 europe
15 outside 16 of
16 of 17 scandinavia

the diverse makeup of the asian continent also resulted in quite variable hip fracture rates : ranging from relatively high rates in iran to low rates , comparable to those from africa , in mainland china . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 makeup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 3 makeup
2 diverse 3 makeup
3 makeup 4 of
3 makeup 9 resulted
4 of 7 continent
5 the 7 continent
6 asian 7 continent
8 also 9 resulted
9 resulted 10 in
10 in 15 rates
11 quite 12 variable
12 variable 13 hip
13 hip 15 rates
14 fracture 15 rates
16 : 17 ranging
17 ranging 18 from
17 ranging 22 in
18 from 21 rates
19 relatively 20 high
20 high 21 rates
22 in 23 iran
23 iran 24 to
23 iran 34 in
24 to 26 rates
25 low 26 rates
26 rates 28 comparable
27 , 28 comparable
28 comparable 29 to
28 comparable 31 from
28 comparable 33 ,
29 to 30 those
31 from 32 africa
34 in 36 china
35 mainland 36 china

conclusions : given the aging of populations globally , and in the industrialized countries specifically , hip fractures will become a progressively larger public health burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 given
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 given
3 given 5 aging
3 given 8 globally
4 the 5 aging
5 aging 6 of
6 of 7 populations
9 , 10 and
10 and 18 fractures
10 and 20 become
11 in 14 countries
11 in 18 fractures
12 the 14 countries
13 industrialized 14 countries
15 specifically 16 ,
15 specifically 18 fractures
17 hip 18 fractures
18 fractures 19 will
19 will 20 become
20 become 26 burden
21 a 22 progressively
21 a 26 burden
22 progressively 23 larger
23 larger 24 public
24 public 26 burden
25 health 26 burden

the geographic trends observed in hip fracture incidence rates can provide important clues to etiology and prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 trends
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 trends
2 geographic 3 trends
3 trends 4 observed
3 trends 10 can
4 observed 5 in
5 in 9 rates
6 hip 7 fracture
7 fracture 9 rates
8 incidence 9 rates
10 can 11 provide
11 provide 13 clues
11 provide 14 to
12 important 13 clues
14 to 16 and
15 etiology 16 and
16 and 17 prevention

the inability of cells to maintain protein folding homeostasis is implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases , malignant transformation , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 inability
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 implicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 inability
2 inability 3 of
2 inability 5 to
2 inability 6 maintain
2 inability 10 is
3 of 4 cells
5 to 6 maintain
6 maintain 7 protein
7 protein 8 folding
8 folding 9 homeostasis
10 is 11 implicated
11 implicated 12 in
12 in 14 development
13 the 14 development
14 development 15 of
15 of 22 and
16 neurodegenerative 17 diseases
17 diseases 18 ,
18 , 20 transformation
18 , 22 and
19 malignant 20 transformation
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 aging

we find that multiphoton fluorescence imaging of 1 - anilinonaphthalene - 8 - [sulfonate] ( ans ) can be used to assess cellular responses to protein misfolding stresses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 stresses
1 we 2 find
2 find 6 imaging
2 find 20 used
3 that 6 imaging
4 multiphoton 5 fluorescence
5 fluorescence 6 imaging
6 imaging 7 of
6 imaging 10 anilinonaphthalene
6 imaging 18 can
7 of 8 1
9 - 10 anilinonaphthalene
10 anilinonaphthalene 12 8
10 anilinonaphthalene 16 ans
10 anilinonaphthalene 17 )
11 - 12 8
12 8 13 -
15 ( 16 ans
16 ans 17 )
18 can 19 be
19 be 20 used
20 used 21 to
20 used 28 stresses
21 to 22 assess
22 assess 24 responses
22 assess 25 to
23 cellular 24 responses
25 to 26 protein
27 misfolding 28 stresses
28 stresses 29 .

ans is relatively nontoxic and enters live cells and cells or tissues fixed in formalin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 ans 5 and
2 is 3 relatively
2 is 4 nontoxic
2 is 5 and
5 and 6 enters
5 and 8 cells
7 live 8 cells
9 and 11 or
9 and 13 fixed
10 cells 11 or
11 or 12 tissues
11 or 13 fixed
13 fixed 14 in
13 fixed 15 formalin

in an animal model of alzheimer 's disease , ans fluorescence imaging of brain tissue sections reveals the binding of ans to fibrillar deposits of amyloid [peptide] ( aβ ) in amyloid plaques and in cerebrovascular amyloid . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 reveals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 4 model
1 in 9 ,
1 in 12 imaging
2 an 4 model
3 animal 4 model
4 model 5 of
5 of 8 disease
6 alzheimer 7 's
7 's 8 disease
10 ans 12 imaging
11 fluorescence 12 imaging
12 imaging 13 of
12 imaging 17 reveals
13 of 16 sections
14 brain 16 sections
15 tissue 16 sections
17 reveals 19 binding
18 the 19 binding
19 binding 20 of
19 binding 22 to
20 of 21 ans
22 to 24 deposits
23 fibrillar 24 deposits
24 deposits 25 of
24 deposits 34 and
25 of 26 amyloid
26 amyloid 29 aβ
28 ( 29 aβ
29 aβ 30 )
31 in 33 plaques
31 in 34 and
32 amyloid 33 plaques
34 and 35 in
35 in 37 amyloid
36 cerebrovascular 37 amyloid

ans imaging also highlights [non] [-] amyloid deposits of glial fibrillary acidic protein in brain tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 amyloid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 ans 2 imaging
1 ans 7 amyloid
2 imaging 3 also
2 imaging 4 highlights
7 amyloid 8 deposits
7 amyloid 14 in
8 deposits 9 of
9 of 13 protein
10 glial 13 protein
11 fibrillary 13 protein
12 acidic 13 protein
14 in 16 tumors
15 brain 16 tumors

cultured cells under normal growth conditions possess a number of ans - binding structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 possess
1 cultured 2 cells
2 cells 3 under
2 cells 7 possess
3 under 6 conditions
4 normal 5 growth
5 growth 6 conditions
7 possess 11 ans
7 possess 13 binding
8 a 9 number
9 number 10 of
9 number 11 ans
10 of 11 ans
12 - 13 binding
13 binding 14 structures
13 binding 15 .

high levels of ans fluorescence are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) , golgi , and lysosomes - regions of protein folding and degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 high 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 are
3 of 5 fluorescence
4 ans 5 fluorescence
6 are 18 and
7 associated 8 with
7 associated 18 and
8 with 16 golgi
9 the 16 golgi
10 endoplasmic 16 golgi
11 reticulum 13 er
11 reticulum 15 ,
11 reticulum 16 golgi
12 ( 13 er
13 er 14 )
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 lysosomes
20 - 25 and
21 regions 22 of
21 regions 25 and
22 of 23 protein
23 protein 24 folding
25 and 26 degradation

nuclei are virtually devoid [of] ans binding sites . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nuclei
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 nuclei 2 are
2 are 6 ans
2 are 7 binding
3 virtually 4 devoid
4 devoid 6 ans
7 binding 8 sites

additional ans binding is triggered by hyperthermia , thermal lesioning , proteasome inhibition , and induction of er stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 triggered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 additional 2 ans
2 ans 3 binding
2 ans 4 is
4 is 5 triggered
5 triggered 6 by
6 by 15 and
7 hyperthermia 8 ,
8 , 10 lesioning
8 , 11 ,
9 thermal 10 lesioning
11 , 13 inhibition
11 , 15 and
12 proteasome 13 inhibition
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 induction
16 induction 17 of
17 of 19 stress
18 er 19 stress

we also use multiphoton imaging of ans binding to follow [the] in vivo recovery of cells from protein - damaging insults over time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 use
1 we 3 use
2 also 3 use
3 use 5 imaging
3 use 9 to
3 use 10 follow
4 multiphoton 5 imaging
5 imaging 6 of
5 imaging 8 binding
6 of 7 ans
9 to 10 follow
10 follow 13 vivo
10 follow 14 recovery
10 follow 20 damaging
12 in 13 vivo
14 recovery 15 of
14 recovery 17 from
15 of 16 cells
17 from 18 protein
19 - 20 damaging
20 damaging 21 insults
20 damaging 22 over
20 damaging 24 .
22 over 23 time

we find that ans fluorescence tracks with the binding of the molecular chaperone hsp70 in compartments where hsp70 is present . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 find
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 find
2 find 3 that
3 that 6 tracks
3 that 13 chaperone
4 ans 6 tracks
5 fluorescence 6 tracks
6 tracks 7 with
6 tracks 13 chaperone
7 with 9 binding
8 the 9 binding
9 binding 10 of
10 of 12 molecular
11 the 12 molecular
13 chaperone 14 hsp70
14 hsp70 15 in
15 in 16 compartments
16 compartments 17 where
17 where 18 hsp70
17 where 19 is
18 hsp70 19 is
19 is 20 present

ans highlights the sensitivity of specific cellular targets , including the nucleus and particularly the nucleolus , to thermal stress and proteasome inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ans
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 highlights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 ans 2 highlights
2 highlights 4 sensitivity
2 highlights 18 to
3 the 4 sensitivity
4 sensitivity 5 of
5 of 8 targets
6 specific 8 targets
7 cellular 8 targets
8 targets 10 including
9 , 10 including
10 including 13 and
10 including 17 ,
11 the 12 nucleus
12 nucleus 13 and
13 and 14 particularly
13 and 16 nucleolus
13 and 17 ,
15 the 16 nucleolus
18 to 21 and
19 thermal 20 stress
20 stress 21 and
21 and 23 inhibition
22 proteasome 23 inhibition

multiphoton imaging of ans binding should be a useful probe for monitoring protein misfolding stress in cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 imaging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 multiphoton 2 imaging
2 imaging 3 of
2 imaging 6 should
3 of 4 ans
4 ans 5 binding
6 should 7 be
7 be 10 probe
8 a 10 probe
9 useful 10 probe
10 probe 11 for
10 probe 14 misfolding
10 probe 16 in
11 for 12 monitoring
12 monitoring 13 protein
14 misfolding 15 stress
16 in 17 cells

objectives : to examine the association of life events and social support in the broadly defined category of depression in late life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 examine
3 to 4 examine
4 examine 6 association
4 examine 13 in
4 examine 20 in
5 the 6 association
6 association 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 life 9 events
9 events 10 and
10 and 12 support
11 social 12 support
13 in 17 category
14 the 17 category
15 broadly 16 defined
16 defined 17 category
17 category 18 of
18 of 19 depression
20 in 22 life
21 late 22 life

introduction : negative life events and lack of social support are associated with depression in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 and
2 : 12 associated
2 : 18 .
3 negative 4 life
4 life 5 events
5 events 6 and
6 and 7 lack
6 and 8 of
6 and 11 are
8 of 10 support
9 social 10 support
11 are 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 15 in
13 with 14 depression
15 in 17 elderly
16 the 17 elderly

currently , there are limited studies examining the association between life events , social support and late - life depression in brazil . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 currently 2 ,
1 currently 3 there
3 there 4 are
4 are 6 studies
4 are 21 in
5 limited 6 studies
6 studies 7 examining
7 examining 9 association
7 examining 10 between
8 the 9 association
10 between 16 and
11 life 12 events
12 events 13 ,
13 , 15 support
13 , 16 and
14 social 15 support
16 and 20 depression
17 late 18 -
17 late 19 life
19 life 20 depression
21 in 22 brazil

methods : we estimated the frequency of late - life depression within a household community sample of 367 subjects aged 60 years or greater with associated factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 estimated
3 we 4 estimated
4 estimated 6 frequency
4 estimated 12 within
4 estimated 23 or
5 the 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 of
7 of 11 depression
8 late 9 -
8 late 10 life
10 life 11 depression
12 within 16 sample
13 a 16 sample
14 household 16 sample
15 community 16 sample
16 sample 17 of
17 of 19 subjects
18 367 19 subjects
19 subjects 20 aged
20 aged 21 60
22 years 23 or
23 or 24 greater
24 greater 25 with
25 with 27 factors
26 associated 27 factors

['] ['] [old] age symptomatic depression ['] ['] was defined using the composite international diagnostic interview 1.1 tool . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 depression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
4 age 6 depression
5 symptomatic 6 depression
6 depression 9 was
9 was 10 defined
10 defined 11 using
11 using 18 tool
12 the 18 tool
13 composite 14 international
14 international 15 diagnostic
15 diagnostic 16 interview
16 interview 17 1.1
16 interview 18 tool

this diagnostic category included only late - life symptoms and consisted of the diagnoses of depression and dysthymia as well as a subsyndromal definition of depression , termed ['] ['] late subthreshold depression ['] ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 category
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 3 category
2 diagnostic 3 category
3 category 10 and
4 included 5 only
4 included 9 symptoms
4 included 10 and
6 late 7 -
6 late 8 life
8 life 9 symptoms
10 and 11 consisted
11 consisted 12 of
12 of 14 diagnoses
13 the 14 diagnoses
14 diagnoses 15 of
14 diagnoses 21 as
15 of 17 and
16 depression 17 and
17 and 18 dysthymia
19 as 20 well
20 well 21 as
21 as 24 definition
22 a 23 subsyndromal
22 a 24 definition
23 subsyndromal 24 definition
24 definition 25 of
25 of 26 depression
27 , 33 depression
28 termed 32 subthreshold
31 late 32 subthreshold
32 subthreshold 33 depression

social support and life events were assessed using the comprehensive assessment and referral evaluation ( short - care ) inventory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 social 2 support
3 and 5 events
3 and 7 assessed
4 life 5 events
5 events 6 were
6 were 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 using
8 using 12 and
9 the 11 assessment
10 comprehensive 11 assessment
11 assessment 12 and
12 and 20 inventory
13 referral 14 evaluation
14 evaluation 16 short
15 ( 16 short
16 short 18 care
17 - 18 care
18 care 19 )
18 care 20 inventory

results : ['] ['] [old] age symptomatic depression ['] ['] occurred in 18.8 % of the patients in the tested sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 8 depression
2 : 11 occurred
2 : 22 .
6 age 8 depression
7 symptomatic 8 depression
8 depression 11 occurred
11 occurred 12 in
11 occurred 18 in
12 in 14 %
13 18.8 14 %
14 % 15 of
15 of 17 patients
16 the 17 patients
18 in 21 sample
19 the 21 sample
20 tested 21 sample

in univariate analyses , this condition was associated with female gender , lifetime anxiety disorder and living alone . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 condition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 analyses
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 condition
2 univariate 3 analyses
5 this 6 condition
6 condition 7 was
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 18 alone
9 with 16 and
10 female 11 gender
11 gender 12 ,
12 , 15 disorder
12 , 16 and
13 lifetime 15 disorder
14 anxiety 15 disorder
16 and 17 living

in multivariate models , ['] ['] old age symptomatic depression ['] ['] was associated with a perceived lack of social support in men and life events in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 3 models
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 age
2 multivariate 3 models
7 old 8 age
8 age 10 depression
8 age 13 was
8 age 14 associated
9 symptomatic 10 depression
10 depression 13 was
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 22 in
15 with 18 lack
16 a 18 lack
17 perceived 18 lack
18 lack 19 of
19 of 21 support
20 social 21 support
22 in 24 and
23 men 24 and
24 and 26 events
24 and 27 in
25 life 26 events
27 in 28 women

discussion : social support and life events were determined to be associated with late - life depression , but it is important to keep in mind the differences between genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 keep
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 3 social
4 support 5 and
5 and 6 life
5 and 7 events
5 and 8 were
5 and 9 determined
7 events 8 were
9 determined 10 to
9 determined 18 ,
10 to 11 be
11 be 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 17 depression
14 late 15 -
14 late 16 life
16 life 17 depression
19 but 20 it
19 but 21 is
20 it 21 is
21 is 22 important
22 important 23 to
23 to 24 keep
24 keep 26 mind
24 keep 28 differences
24 keep 29 between
25 in 26 mind
27 the 28 differences
29 between 30 genders

also , further exploration of the role of lifetime anxiety disorder in late - life depression may be of future importance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exploration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 4 exploration
3 further 4 exploration
4 exploration 5 of
4 exploration 17 may
5 of 7 role
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 11 disorder
9 lifetime 11 disorder
10 anxiety 11 disorder
11 disorder 12 in
12 in 16 depression
13 late 14 -
13 late 15 life
15 life 16 depression
17 may 18 be
18 be 19 of
19 of 21 importance
20 future 21 importance

conclusions : we believe that this study helps to provide insight into the role of psychosocial factors in late - life depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 believe
3 we 4 believe
4 believe 5 that
5 that 7 study
5 that 8 helps
6 this 7 study
7 study 8 helps
8 helps 9 to
8 helps 10 provide
9 to 10 provide
10 provide 11 insight
10 provide 12 into
12 into 14 role
13 the 14 role
14 role 15 of
14 role 18 in
15 of 17 factors
16 psychosocial 17 factors
18 in 22 depression
19 late 20 -
19 late 21 life
21 life 22 depression

background : skeletal muscle [mass] is controlled by myostatin and akt - dependent signaling on mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) , glycogen synthase kinase 3β ( gsk3β ) and forkhead box o ( foxo [ )(pathways , [but] it is unknown how these pathways are regulated in critically ill human muscle [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 muscle
2 : 7 controlled
2 : 12 -
3 skeletal 4 muscle
4 muscle 6 is
6 is 7 controlled
7 controlled 8 by
8 by 10 and
9 myostatin 10 and
10 and 11 akt
12 - 14 signaling
12 - 23 ,
13 dependent 14 signaling
14 signaling 15 on
15 on 17 target
16 mammalian 17 target
17 target 18 of
17 target 21 mtor
18 of 19 rapamycin
20 ( 21 mtor
21 mtor 22 )
23 , 24 glycogen
23 , 31 and
24 glycogen 27 3β
25 synthase 26 kinase
26 kinase 27 3β
27 3β 29 gsk3β
28 ( 29 gsk3β
29 gsk3β 30 )
31 and 39 ,
31 and 41 it
31 and 42 is
32 forkhead 33 box
33 box 34 o
33 box 38 )(pathways
35 ( 38 )(pathways
36 foxo 38 )(pathways
38 )(pathways 39 ,
41 it 42 is
42 is 43 unknown
43 unknown 44 how
44 how 46 pathways
44 how 48 regulated
45 these 46 pathways
46 pathways 47 are
47 are 48 regulated
48 regulated 49 in
49 in 53 muscle
50 critically 51 ill
51 ill 53 muscle
52 human 53 muscle

to describe factors involved in muscle mass regulation , we investigated the phosphorylation and expression of key factors in these protein synthesis and breakdown signaling pathways in thigh skeletal muscle of critically ill intensive care [unit] ( icu ) patients compared with healthy controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 to 2 describe
2 describe 3 factors
2 describe 5 in
3 factors 4 involved
5 in 8 regulation
6 muscle 8 regulation
7 mass 8 regulation
9 , 10 we
9 , 11 investigated
10 we 11 investigated
11 investigated 14 and
11 investigated 19 in
12 the 14 and
13 phosphorylation 14 and
14 and 15 expression
14 and 16 of
16 of 18 factors
17 key 18 factors
19 in 23 and
20 these 22 synthesis
21 protein 22 synthesis
22 synthesis 23 and
23 and 24 breakdown
23 and 25 signaling
23 and 27 in
25 signaling 26 pathways
27 in 30 muscle
28 thigh 30 muscle
29 skeletal 30 muscle
30 muscle 31 of
30 muscle 40 patients
30 muscle 41 compared
31 of 35 care
32 critically 33 ill
33 ill 35 care
34 intensive 35 care
35 care 38 icu
37 ( 38 icu
38 icu 39 )
40 patients 41 compared
41 compared 42 with
42 with 44 controls
43 healthy 44 controls

methodology/principal findings : icu patients were systemically inflamed , moderately hyperglycemic , received insulin therapy , and showed a tendency to lower plasma branched chain amino acids compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 methodology/principal 2 findings
2 findings 3 :
3 : 4 icu
4 icu 5 patients
4 icu 18 showed
5 patients 12 ,
6 were 8 inflamed
6 were 12 ,
7 systemically 8 inflamed
8 inflamed 9 ,
8 inflamed 11 hyperglycemic
10 moderately 11 hyperglycemic
12 , 17 and
13 received 15 therapy
13 received 17 and
14 insulin 15 therapy
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 showed
18 showed 20 tendency
18 showed 27 acids
19 a 20 tendency
20 tendency 21 to
21 to 25 chain
22 lower 25 chain
23 plasma 24 branched
24 branched 25 chain
26 amino 27 acids
27 acids 28 compared
28 compared 29 with
29 with 30 controls

unexpectedly , in critically ill icu patients akt - mtor - s6k signaling was substantially higher compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 s6k
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 unexpectedly 2 ,
1 unexpectedly 12 s6k
3 in 7 patients
3 in 12 s6k
4 critically 5 ill
5 ill 7 patients
6 icu 7 patients
8 akt 9 -
8 akt 12 s6k
10 mtor 11 -
10 mtor 12 s6k
12 s6k 13 signaling
12 s6k 14 was
14 was 16 higher
14 was 17 compared
15 substantially 16 higher
17 compared 18 with
18 with 19 controls

foxo1 mrna was higher in patients , whereas foxo3 , atrogin1 and myostatin mrnas and murf1 protein were lower compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mrna
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 foxo1 2 mrna
2 mrna 3 was
3 was 4 higher
4 higher 5 in
5 in 6 patients
7 , 15 and
7 , 20 compared
8 whereas 9 foxo3
8 whereas 10 ,
8 whereas 15 and
11 atrogin1 12 and
12 and 14 mrnas
12 and 15 and
13 myostatin 14 mrnas
15 and 17 protein
15 and 18 were
16 murf1 17 protein
18 were 19 lower
18 were 20 compared
20 compared 21 with
21 with 22 controls

a moderate correlation [(] r2=0.36 , p<0.05 ) [between] insulin infusion dose and phosphorylated akt was demonstrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 moderate
1 a 12 dose
2 moderate 3 correlation
3 correlation 12 dose
5 r2=0.36 6 ,
5 r2=0.36 10 insulin
7 p<0.05 8 )
7 p<0.05 10 insulin
10 insulin 12 dose
11 infusion 12 dose
13 and 15 akt
13 and 17 demonstrated
14 phosphorylated 15 akt
15 akt 16 was
16 was 17 demonstrated

conclusions/significance : we present for the first time muscle protein turnover signaling in critically ill icu patients , and we show signaling pathway activity towards [a] stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and [a] somewhat inhibited proteolysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions/significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 conclusions/significance 2 :
2 : 4 present
2 : 5 for
3 we 4 present
5 for 11 turnover
6 the 7 first
6 the 11 turnover
8 time 9 muscle
9 muscle 11 turnover
10 protein 11 turnover
11 turnover 12 signaling
11 turnover 13 in
11 turnover 22 signaling
13 in 16 icu
14 critically 15 ill
15 ill 16 icu
16 icu 19 and
16 icu 21 show
17 patients 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 we
19 and 21 show
22 signaling 24 activity
23 pathway 24 activity
24 activity 25 towards
24 activity 28 of
25 towards 27 stimulation
28 of 32 and
29 muscle 30 protein
30 protein 31 synthesis
31 synthesis 32 and
32 and 36 proteolysis
34 somewhat 35 inhibited
35 inhibited 36 proteolysis

background : it has been shown previously that it is possible to obtain growth of plasmodium falciparum in human erythrocytes grafted in mice lacking adaptive immune responses by controlling , to a certain extent , innate defences with liposomes containing clodronate ( clo - [lip] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 lacking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
2 : 3 it
2 : 10 is
3 it 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 shown
6 shown 7 previously
6 shown 8 that
9 it 10 is
10 is 11 possible
11 possible 12 to
11 possible 24 lacking
12 to 13 obtain
13 obtain 14 growth
13 obtain 18 in
13 obtain 22 in
14 growth 15 of
15 of 17 falciparum
16 plasmodium 17 falciparum
18 in 20 erythrocytes
19 human 20 erythrocytes
20 erythrocytes 21 grafted
22 in 23 mice
23 mice 24 lacking
24 lacking 27 responses
25 adaptive 27 responses
26 immune 27 responses
27 responses 28 by
27 responses 31 to
27 responses 37 defences
28 by 29 controlling
30 , 31 to
31 to 34 extent
31 to 35 ,
32 a 34 extent
33 certain 34 extent
35 , 37 defences
36 innate 37 defences
37 defences 38 with
37 defences 40 containing
37 defences 46 )
38 with 39 liposomes
40 containing 41 clodronate
41 clodronate 43 clo
42 ( 43 clo
43 clo 44 -

however , the reproducibility of those models is limited , with [only] a proportion of animals supporting longstanding parasitemia , due to strong inflammation induced by p [.] [falciparum] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reproducibility
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 reproducibility
3 the 4 reproducibility
4 reproducibility 5 of
4 reproducibility 8 is
5 of 7 models
6 those 7 models
8 is 9 limited
9 limited 11 with
9 limited 22 to
9 limited 26 by
10 , 11 with
11 with 14 proportion
11 with 20 ,
13 a 14 proportion
14 proportion 15 of
14 proportion 17 supporting
15 of 16 animals
17 supporting 19 parasitemia
18 longstanding 19 parasitemia
21 due 22 to
22 to 24 inflammation
23 strong 24 inflammation
24 inflammation 25 induced
26 by 27 p

optimisation of the model is much needed for the study of new anti - malarial drugs , drug combinations , and candidate vaccines . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 optimisation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 optimisation 2 of
1 optimisation 5 is
2 of 4 model
3 the 4 model
5 is 6 much
6 much 7 needed
7 needed 8 for
8 for 10 study
9 the 10 study
10 study 11 of
11 of 21 and
12 new 16 drugs
13 anti 14 -
13 anti 16 drugs
15 malarial 16 drugs
16 drugs 17 ,
17 , 19 combinations
17 , 21 and
18 drug 19 combinations
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 vaccines
22 candidate 23 vaccines

materials/methods : we investigated the possibility of improving previous models by employing the intravenous route ( iv ) for delivery of both human erythrocytes ( hurbc ) and p [.] falciparum , instead of the intraperitoneal route ( ip ) , [by] testing various immunosuppressive drugs that might help to control innate mouse defences , and by exploring the potential benefits of using immunodeficient mice with additional genetic defects , such as those with il - 2rγ deficiency ( nsg mice ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 materials/methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 investigated
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 possibility
4 investigated 11 by
5 the 6 possibility
6 possibility 7 of
7 of 8 improving
8 improving 10 models
9 previous 10 models
11 by 12 employing
12 employing 15 route
12 employing 19 for
13 the 15 route
14 intravenous 15 route
15 route 17 iv
16 ( 17 iv
17 iv 18 )
19 for 31 falciparum
20 delivery 21 of
20 delivery 28 and
21 of 24 erythrocytes
22 both 24 erythrocytes
23 human 24 erythrocytes
24 erythrocytes 26 hurbc
25 ( 26 hurbc
26 hurbc 27 )
28 and 29 p
28 and 31 falciparum
31 falciparum 43 testing
32 , 34 of
33 instead 34 of
34 of 37 route
34 of 41 ,
34 of 43 testing
35 the 37 route
36 intraperitoneal 37 route
37 route 39 ip
38 ( 39 ip
39 ip 40 )
43 testing 46 drugs
44 various 46 drugs
45 immunosuppressive 46 drugs
46 drugs 47 that
46 drugs 48 might
47 that 48 might
48 might 49 help
49 help 56 and
50 to 54 defences
50 to 56 and
51 control 54 defences
52 innate 53 mouse
53 mouse 54 defences
55 , 56 and
56 and 57 by
57 by 58 exploring
58 exploring 61 benefits
59 the 61 benefits
60 potential 61 benefits
61 benefits 62 of
61 benefits 66 with
61 benefits 72 as
62 of 65 mice
63 using 65 mice
64 immunodeficient 65 mice
66 with 69 defects
67 additional 69 defects
68 genetic 69 defects
70 , 72 as
71 such 72 as
72 as 73 those
72 as 83 .
73 those 74 with
73 those 78 deficiency
74 with 75 il
76 - 78 deficiency
77 2rγ 78 deficiency
78 deficiency 81 mice
78 deficiency 82 )
79 ( 81 mice
80 nsg 81 mice
81 mice 82 )

results : we demonstrate here the role of aging , of inosine and [of] the il - 2 [receptor] γ mutation in controlling p . falciparum induced inflammation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 demonstrate
2 : 17 -
3 we 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 here
4 demonstrate 7 role
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
7 role 11 of
8 of 9 aging
10 , 11 of
11 of 13 and
11 of 17 -
12 inosine 13 and
13 and 16 il
15 the 16 il
17 - 21 mutation
18 2 20 γ
20 γ 21 mutation
21 mutation 22 in
22 in 23 controlling
23 controlling 24 p
25 . 26 falciparum
25 . 27 induced
25 . 29 .
26 falciparum 27 induced
27 induced 28 inflammation

iv delivery of hurbc and p . falciparum in clo - lip treated nsg mice led to successful infection in 100 % of inoculated mice , rapid rise [of] parasitemia to high levels ( up to 40 % ) , long - lasting parasitemia , and consistent results [from] mouse - [to] - mouse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 iv 2 delivery
2 delivery 3 of
2 delivery 5 and
3 of 4 hurbc
5 and 6 p
7 . 8 falciparum
7 . 16 led
7 . 40 ,
8 falciparum 9 in
8 falciparum 16 led
9 in 15 mice
10 clo 11 -
10 clo 15 mice
12 lip 13 treated
13 treated 15 mice
14 nsg 15 mice
16 led 17 to
16 led 20 in
17 to 19 infection
18 successful 19 infection
20 in 22 %
21 100 22 %
22 % 23 of
22 % 30 parasitemia
23 of 25 mice
24 inoculated 25 mice
26 , 30 parasitemia
27 rapid 30 parasitemia
28 rise 30 parasitemia
30 parasitemia 31 to
30 parasitemia 40 ,
31 to 33 levels
32 high 33 levels
33 levels 35 up
34 ( 35 up
35 up 36 to
35 up 39 )
36 to 38 %
37 40 38 %
40 , 54 mouse
41 long 46 and
41 long 53 -
41 long 54 mouse
42 - 46 and
43 lasting 44 parasitemia
44 parasitemia 46 and
45 , 46 and
46 and 50 mouse
46 and 51 -
47 consistent 48 results
48 results 50 mouse

characteristics were closer to human infection than in previous models , with evidence of synchronisation , partial sequestration , and receptivity to [various] p . falciparum strains without preliminary adaptation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 characteristics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 characteristics 2 were
2 were 3 closer
3 closer 4 to
3 closer 7 than
4 to 6 infection
5 human 6 infection
7 than 8 in
8 in 10 models
9 previous 10 models
10 models 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 13 evidence
12 with 16 ,
13 evidence 14 of
14 of 15 synchronisation
16 , 20 and
17 partial 18 sequestration
18 sequestration 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 receptivity
20 and 22 to
22 to 24 p
25 . 26 falciparum
25 . 27 strains
25 . 31 .
26 falciparum 27 strains
27 strains 28 without
28 without 30 adaptation
29 preliminary 30 adaptation

however , results show that a major [il] - 12p70 inflammatory response remains prevalent . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 results
3 results 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 12 response
5 that 13 remains
6 a 12 response
7 major 9 -
7 major 12 response
10 12p70 12 response
11 inflammatory 12 response
12 response 13 remains
13 remains 14 prevalent

conclusion : the combination of the nsg mouse , clodronate loaded liposomes , and iv delivery of hurbc has produced a reliable and more relevant model that better meets the needs of malaria research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 4 combination
3 the 4 combination
4 combination 5 of
4 combination 16 delivery
4 combination 20 produced
5 of 14 and
6 the 8 mouse
7 nsg 8 mouse
8 mouse 9 ,
9 , 12 liposomes
9 , 14 and
10 clodronate 11 loaded
11 loaded 12 liposomes
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 iv
16 delivery 17 of
16 delivery 19 has
17 of 18 hurbc
19 has 20 produced
20 produced 26 model
21 a 26 model
22 reliable 23 and
23 and 25 relevant
23 and 26 model
24 more 25 relevant
26 model 27 that
26 model 29 meets
27 that 29 meets
28 better 29 meets
29 meets 31 needs
30 the 31 needs
31 needs 32 of
32 of 34 research
33 malaria 34 research

in this study , curvilinear regression was applied to the relationship between bmi and body fat percentage , and an analysis was done to see whether there are characteristic changes in that curvilinear regression from elementary [to] middle school . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 regression
2 this 3 study
5 curvilinear 6 regression
6 regression 7 was
7 was 19 and
8 applied 9 to
8 applied 12 between
8 applied 19 and
9 to 11 relationship
10 the 11 relationship
12 between 14 and
13 bmi 14 and
14 and 17 percentage
15 body 17 percentage
16 fat 17 percentage
18 , 19 and
19 and 25 see
19 and 26 whether
20 an 21 analysis
21 analysis 22 was
22 was 23 done
23 done 24 to
24 to 25 see
26 whether 27 there
26 whether 28 are
27 there 28 are
28 are 30 changes
28 are 31 in
28 are 35 from
29 characteristic 30 changes
31 in 34 regression
32 that 33 curvilinear
33 curvilinear 34 regression
35 from 39 school
36 elementary 39 school
38 middle 39 school

then , by simultaneously investigating the changes with age in bmi and body fat percentage , the essential differences in bmi and body fat percentage were demonstrated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 differences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 then 2 ,
1 then 19 differences
2 , 3 by
3 by 5 investigating
3 by 16 ,
3 by 19 differences
4 simultaneously 5 investigating
5 investigating 7 changes
5 investigating 8 with
5 investigating 10 in
6 the 7 changes
8 with 9 age
10 in 12 and
11 bmi 12 and
12 and 15 percentage
13 body 15 percentage
14 fat 15 percentage
17 the 19 differences
18 essential 19 differences
19 differences 20 in
19 differences 26 were
20 in 22 and
21 bmi 22 and
22 and 25 percentage
23 body 25 percentage
24 fat 25 percentage
26 were 27 demonstrated

the subjects were 789 boys and girls ( 469 boys , 320 girls ) aged 7.5 to 14.5 years from all parts of japan who participated in regular sports activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 were
3 were 5 boys
4 789 5 boys
6 and 7 girls
6 and 15 aged
7 girls 10 boys
7 girls 13 girls
7 girls 15 aged
8 ( 10 boys
9 469 10 boys
10 boys 11 ,
11 , 13 girls
12 320 13 girls
13 girls 14 )
15 aged 17 to
15 aged 20 from
16 7.5 17 to
17 to 18 14.5
18 14.5 19 years
19 years 20 from
20 from 22 parts
21 all 22 parts
22 parts 23 of
22 parts 25 who
22 parts 26 participated
23 of 24 japan
25 who 26 participated
26 participated 27 in
27 in 30 activities
28 regular 29 sports
29 sports 30 activities

body [weight] , total body water ( tbw ) , soft lean mass [(] slm ) , body fat percentage , and fat mass were measured with a body composition analyzer ( tanita bc - 521 inner scan ) , using segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis [&] multi - frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 body 6 water
1 body 17 ,
3 , 6 water
4 total 6 water
5 body 6 water
6 water 8 tbw
6 water 15 slm
6 water 16 )
7 ( 8 tbw
8 tbw 9 )
10 , 15 slm
11 soft 15 slm
12 lean 15 slm
13 mass 15 slm
15 slm 16 )
17 , 20 percentage
17 , 22 and
18 body 19 fat
19 fat 20 percentage
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 mass
22 and 25 were
23 fat 24 mass
25 were 26 measured
26 measured 27 with
26 measured 41 using
27 with 31 analyzer
28 a 31 analyzer
29 body 30 composition
30 composition 31 analyzer
31 analyzer 34 bc
32 ( 34 bc
33 tanita 34 bc
34 bc 38 scan
34 bc 40 ,
35 - 38 scan
36 521 38 scan
37 inner 38 scan
38 scan 39 )
41 using 52 analysis
42 segmental 44 impedance
43 bioelectrical 44 impedance
44 impedance 45 analysis
45 analysis 52 analysis
47 multi 48 -
47 multi 49 frequency
49 frequency 52 analysis
50 bioelectrical 51 impedance
51 impedance 52 analysis

height was measured with a digital height measurer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 height
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 height 2 was
2 was 3 measured
3 measured 4 with
4 with 8 measurer
5 a 6 digital
5 a 8 measurer
6 digital 7 height
7 height 8 measurer

body [mass] [index] ( bmi ) was calculated as body weight ( [km] [ )(divided by the square of height [(] [m] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bmi
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 body 5 bmi
4 ( 5 bmi
5 bmi 6 )
5 bmi 7 was
7 was 8 calculated
8 calculated 9 as
9 as 11 weight
10 body 11 weight
11 weight 15 )(divided
12 ( 15 )(divided
15 )(divided 16 by
15 )(divided 23 )
16 by 18 square
17 the 18 square
18 square 19 of
19 of 20 height

the results for the validity of regression polynomials of body fat [percentage] against bmi showed that , for both boys and girls , first - order polynomials were valid in all school years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 for
2 results 9 of
2 results 15 showed
3 for 5 validity
4 the 5 validity
5 validity 6 of
6 of 8 polynomials
7 regression 8 polynomials
9 of 11 fat
10 body 11 fat
11 fat 13 against
13 against 14 bmi
15 showed 16 that
15 showed 27 polynomials
15 showed 28 were
17 , 18 for
18 for 21 and
18 for 23 ,
18 for 27 polynomials
19 both 21 and
20 boys 21 and
21 and 22 girls
23 , 24 first
24 first 25 -
24 first 27 polynomials
26 order 27 polynomials
27 polynomials 28 were
28 were 29 valid
29 valid 30 in
30 in 33 years
31 all 33 years
32 school 33 years

with regard to changes with age in bmi and body fat percentage , the results showed a temporary drop at 9 years in the aging distance curve in boys , followed by an increasing trend . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 with 9 and
1 with 13 ,
1 with 15 results
2 regard 3 to
2 regard 9 and
3 to 4 changes
4 changes 5 with
4 changes 7 in
5 with 6 age
7 in 8 bmi
9 and 12 percentage
10 body 11 fat
11 fat 12 percentage
14 the 15 results
15 results 16 showed
16 showed 19 drop
16 showed 22 years
16 showed 30 ,
17 a 18 temporary
17 a 19 drop
18 temporary 19 drop
19 drop 20 at
20 at 21 9
22 years 23 in
22 years 30 ,
23 in 26 distance
24 the 26 distance
25 aging 26 distance
27 curve 28 in
27 curve 30 ,
28 in 29 boys
30 , 31 followed
30 , 32 by
32 by 35 trend
33 an 35 trend
34 increasing 35 trend

peaks were seen in the velocity curve at 9.7 and 11.9 years , but the mpv was presumed to be at 11.9 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 peaks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 peaks 2 were
2 were 3 seen
3 seen 4 in
3 seen 8 at
4 in 7 curve
5 the 7 curve
6 velocity 7 curve
8 at 12 years
9 9.7 10 and
10 and 11 11.9
10 and 12 years
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 mpv
14 but 18 presumed
15 the 16 mpv
16 mpv 17 was
17 was 18 presumed
18 presumed 19 to
19 to 20 be
20 be 21 at
21 at 23 years
22 11.9 23 years

among girls , a decreasing trend was seen in the aging distance curve , which was opposite to the changes in the aging distance curve for body fat [percentage] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 trend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 among 2 girls
1 among 3 ,
1 among 6 trend
4 a 6 trend
5 decreasing 6 trend
6 trend 7 was
7 was 8 seen
8 seen 9 in
9 in 13 curve
10 the 13 curve
11 aging 12 distance
12 distance 13 curve
14 , 15 which
14 , 16 was
15 which 16 was
16 was 17 opposite
17 opposite 18 to
17 opposite 21 in
18 to 20 changes
19 the 20 changes
21 in 25 curve
22 the 25 curve
23 aging 24 distance
24 distance 25 curve
25 curve 26 for
26 for 28 fat
27 body 28 fat

biliverdin reductase [-] a ( bvr - a ) is a pleiotropic enzyme and plays pivotal role in the antioxidant defense against free radicals as well as in cell homeostasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 reductase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 biliverdin 2 reductase
2 reductase 4 a
2 reductase 7 -
2 reductase 10 is
5 ( 7 -
6 bvr 7 -
7 - 8 a
7 - 9 )
10 is 17 role
10 is 18 in
10 is 22 against
10 is 27 as
11 a 12 pleiotropic
11 a 17 role
12 pleiotropic 13 enzyme
13 enzyme 14 and
14 and 15 plays
14 and 17 role
16 pivotal 17 role
18 in 21 defense
19 the 21 defense
20 antioxidant 21 defense
22 against 24 radicals
23 free 24 radicals
24 radicals 25 as
25 as 26 well
27 as 28 in
28 in 30 homeostasis
29 cell 30 homeostasis

together with heme oxygenase , bvr [-] a forms a powerful system involved in the cell stress response during neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , whereas due to the serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity the enzyme regulates glucose metabolism and cell proliferation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 bvr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 regulates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 together 2 with
2 with 4 oxygenase
2 with 5 ,
2 with 6 bvr
3 heme 4 oxygenase
6 bvr 8 a
6 bvr 9 forms
9 forms 12 system
10 a 12 system
11 powerful 12 system
12 system 13 involved
13 involved 14 in
13 involved 19 during
14 in 18 response
15 the 18 response
16 cell 17 stress
17 stress 18 response
19 during 21 disorders
20 neurodegenerative 21 disorders
21 disorders 22 including
22 including 25 disease
22 including 30 whereas
23 alzheimer 24 's
24 's 25 disease
25 disease 27 ad
26 ( 27 ad
27 ad 28 )
29 , 30 whereas
30 whereas 38 enzyme
31 due 32 to
32 to 36 activity
32 to 38 enzyme
33 the 36 activity
34 serine/threonine/tyrosine 35 kinase
35 kinase 36 activity
37 the 38 enzyme
38 enzyme 39 regulates
39 regulates 42 and
40 glucose 41 metabolism
41 metabolism 42 and
42 and 44 proliferation
43 cell 44 proliferation

in this paper , we report results that demonstrate bvr - a [undergoes] post - translational oxidative and nitrosative modifications in the hippocampus , but not cerebellum , of subjects with ad and amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 paper
5 we 6 report
6 report 7 results
7 results 8 that
7 results 9 demonstrate
7 results 20 modifications
8 that 9 demonstrate
9 demonstrate 10 bvr
10 bvr 14 post
11 - 14 post
12 a 14 post
14 post 15 -
15 - 20 modifications
16 translational 20 modifications
17 oxidative 18 and
18 and 19 nitrosative
18 and 20 modifications
20 modifications 21 in
20 modifications 29 of
20 modifications 40 )
21 in 23 hippocampus
22 the 23 hippocampus
23 hippocampus 25 but
24 , 25 but
25 but 26 not
25 but 27 cerebellum
25 but 28 ,
28 , 29 of
29 of 30 subjects
29 of 40 )
30 subjects 31 with
31 with 33 and
32 ad 33 and
33 and 37 impairment
33 and 39 mci
34 amnestic 37 impairment
35 mild 37 impairment
36 cognitive 37 impairment
38 ( 39 mci
39 mci 40 )

a significant increase of nitrated bvr [-] a was demonstrated only in ad and [mci] hippocampi , whereas no significant modifications were found in cerebellar tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 increase
2 significant 3 increase
3 increase 4 of
3 increase 9 was
4 of 6 bvr
5 nitrated 6 bvr
6 bvr 8 a
9 was 10 demonstrated
10 demonstrated 11 only
10 demonstrated 18 whereas
11 only 12 in
12 in 14 and
13 ad 14 and
14 and 16 hippocampi
17 , 18 whereas
18 whereas 21 modifications
19 no 21 modifications
20 significant 21 modifications
21 modifications 22 were
22 were 23 found
23 found 24 in
24 in 26 tissue
25 cerebellar 26 tissue

in addition , a significant reduction in protein carbonyl - derivatives of bvr - [a] was found in both ad and [mci] hippocampi ( 15 [%] and 18 % , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 reduction
4 a 6 reduction
5 significant 6 reduction
6 reduction 7 in
6 reduction 11 derivatives
6 reduction 16 was
7 in 9 carbonyl
8 protein 9 carbonyl
10 - 11 derivatives
11 derivatives 12 of
11 derivatives 14 -
12 of 13 bvr
16 was 17 found
17 found 18 in
17 found 31 respectively
18 in 21 and
19 both 21 and
20 ad 21 and
21 and 23 hippocampi
21 and 29 %
24 ( 29 %
25 15 27 and
27 and 28 18
27 and 29 %
29 % 30 ,
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 )

biliverdin reductase - bound 4 - hydroxynonenals were not modified in hippocampi and cerebella from ad and [mci] subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biliverdin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 biliverdin 2 reductase
1 biliverdin 7 hydroxynonenals
1 biliverdin 17 and
2 reductase 4 bound
2 reductase 7 hydroxynonenals
3 - 4 bound
4 bound 5 4
4 bound 6 -
8 were 9 not
8 were 11 in
8 were 17 and
9 not 10 modified
11 in 13 and
12 hippocampi 13 and
13 and 14 cerebella
13 and 15 from
15 from 16 ad
17 and 19 subjects

these results supported the hypothesis of a prevalence of nitrosative stress - induced modifications on bvr - a structure , and this evidence was confirmed by a significant upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in hippocampal tissue of subjects with ad and mci [that] was not present in cerebellum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 supported
3 supported 5 hypothesis
4 the 5 hypothesis
5 hypothesis 6 of
5 hypothesis 9 of
5 hypothesis 14 modifications
6 of 8 prevalence
7 a 8 prevalence
9 of 11 stress
10 nitrosative 11 stress
12 - 14 modifications
13 induced 14 modifications
14 modifications 15 on
14 modifications 17 -
15 on 16 bvr
17 - 25 confirmed
18 a 19 structure
19 structure 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 this
21 and 23 evidence
21 and 24 was
21 and 25 confirmed
23 evidence 24 was
25 confirmed 26 by
25 confirmed 35 in
26 by 29 upregulation
27 a 28 significant
27 a 29 upregulation
28 significant 29 upregulation
29 upregulation 30 of
30 of 34 synthase
31 inducible 33 oxide
32 nitric 33 oxide
33 oxide 34 synthase
35 in 37 tissue
36 hippocampal 37 tissue
37 tissue 38 of
38 of 39 subjects
39 subjects 40 with
40 with 41 ad
42 and 43 mci
42 and 45 was
43 mci 45 was
45 was 46 not
45 was 47 present
47 present 48 in
48 in 49 cerebellum

in conclusion , nitrosative stress - induced modifications on hippocampal bvr [-] a are an early event in the pathogenesis of ad [since] they appear also in mci subjects and could contribute to the antioxidant and metabolic derangement characteristic of these neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 stress
3 , 6 -
4 nitrosative 5 stress
6 - 8 modifications
6 - 14 are
7 induced 8 modifications
8 modifications 9 on
8 modifications 14 are
9 on 11 bvr
10 hippocampal 11 bvr
11 bvr 13 a
14 are 17 event
14 are 18 in
15 an 17 event
16 early 17 event
18 in 20 pathogenesis
19 the 20 pathogenesis
20 pathogenesis 21 of
20 pathogenesis 28 mci
20 pathogenesis 30 and
21 of 22 ad
22 ad 24 they
22 ad 27 in
24 they 25 appear
25 appear 26 also
25 appear 27 in
28 mci 30 and
29 subjects 30 and
30 and 31 could
30 and 32 contribute
31 could 32 contribute
32 contribute 33 to
33 to 39 characteristic
34 the 39 characteristic
35 antioxidant 36 and
36 and 37 metabolic
36 and 39 characteristic
38 derangement 39 characteristic
39 characteristic 40 of
40 of 43 disorders
41 these 43 disorders
42 neurodegenerative 43 disorders

previous studies have reported immunoglobulin - positive neurons in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) brains , an observation [indicative] of blood - brain barrier [(] bbb ) breakdown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 previous 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 reported
4 reported 5 immunoglobulin
4 reported 16 brains
5 immunoglobulin 8 neurons
5 immunoglobulin 16 brains
6 - 8 neurons
7 positive 8 neurons
8 neurons 9 in
8 neurons 14 ad
8 neurons 15 )
9 in 12 disease
10 alzheimer 11 's
11 's 12 disease
13 ( 14 ad
14 ad 15 )
16 brains 23 -
16 brains 29 breakdown
17 , 23 -
18 an 19 observation
19 observation 21 of
19 observation 23 -
21 of 22 blood
23 - 27 bbb
23 - 28 )
24 brain 25 barrier
25 barrier 27 bbb

recently , we demonstrated the nearly ubiquitous presence of brain - reactive autoantibodies in human sera . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 we
3 we 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 8 presence
5 the 8 presence
6 nearly 7 ubiquitous
7 ubiquitous 8 presence
8 presence 9 of
9 of 10 brain
11 - 13 autoantibodies
12 reactive 13 autoantibodies
13 autoantibodies 14 in
14 in 16 sera
15 human 16 sera

the significance of these observations to ad pathology is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 significance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 significance
2 significance 3 of
2 significance 9 is
3 of 5 observations
4 these 5 observations
5 observations 6 to
6 to 8 pathology
7 ad 8 pathology
9 is 10 unknown

here , we show that igg - immunopositive neurons are abundant in brain regions exhibiting ad pathology , including intraneuronal amyloid - β ( 42 ) ( aβ ( 42 ) ) and amyloid plaques , [and] confirm by western analysis that brain - reactive autoantibodies are nearly ubiquitous in human serum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 that
4 show 6 igg
7 - 9 neurons
7 - 10 are
7 - 36 ,
7 - 44 -
8 immunopositive 9 neurons
9 neurons 10 are
10 are 33 and
11 abundant 12 in
11 abundant 33 and
12 in 17 pathology
13 brain 17 pathology
14 regions 17 pathology
15 exhibiting 17 pathology
16 ad 17 pathology
17 pathology 19 including
17 pathology 28 aβ
18 , 19 including
19 including 21 amyloid
19 including 26 )
20 intraneuronal 21 amyloid
21 amyloid 23 β
22 - 23 β
23 β 25 42
23 β 26 )
24 ( 25 42
25 42 26 )
27 ( 28 aβ
28 aβ 30 42
28 aβ 32 )
29 ( 30 42
30 42 31 )
33 and 35 plaques
34 amyloid 35 plaques
36 , 38 confirm
38 confirm 39 by
38 confirm 43 brain
39 by 41 analysis
40 western 41 analysis
42 that 43 brain
44 - 46 autoantibodies
44 - 47 are
45 reactive 46 autoantibodies
46 autoantibodies 47 are
47 are 49 ubiquitous
48 nearly 49 ubiquitous
49 ubiquitous 50 in
50 in 52 serum
51 human 52 serum

to investigate a possible interrelationship between neuronal antibody binding and aβ pathology , we tested the effects of human serum autoantibodies on the intraneuronal deposition of soluble aβ ( 42 ) peptide [in] adult mouse neurons [in] [vitro] ( organotypic brain slice cultures ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 to 2 investigate
2 investigate 5 interrelationship
2 investigate 6 between
3 a 5 interrelationship
4 possible 5 interrelationship
6 between 10 and
7 neuronal 9 binding
8 antibody 9 binding
9 binding 10 and
10 and 12 pathology
11 aβ 12 pathology
13 , 14 we
13 , 15 tested
14 we 15 tested
15 tested 17 effects
16 the 17 effects
17 effects 18 of
17 effects 26 of
18 of 21 autoantibodies
19 human 20 serum
20 serum 21 autoantibodies
21 autoantibodies 22 on
22 on 25 deposition
23 the 25 deposition
24 intraneuronal 25 deposition
26 of 36 neurons
27 soluble 34 adult
28 aβ 30 42
28 aβ 32 peptide
29 ( 30 42
30 42 31 )
32 peptide 34 adult
34 adult 36 neurons
35 mouse 36 neurons
36 neurons 43 cultures
39 ( 43 cultures
40 organotypic 42 slice
41 brain 42 slice
42 slice 43 cultures
43 cultures 44 )

binding of human autoantibodies to mouse neurons dramatically increased the rate and extent of intraneuronal aβ ( 42 ) accumulation in the mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 binding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 binding 2 of
1 binding 9 increased
2 of 4 autoantibodies
3 human 4 autoantibodies
4 autoantibodies 5 to
5 to 7 neurons
6 mouse 7 neurons
8 dramatically 9 increased
9 increased 20 accumulation
9 increased 21 in
10 the 11 rate
11 rate 12 and
12 and 13 extent
12 and 14 of
12 and 20 accumulation
14 of 16 aβ
15 intraneuronal 16 aβ
16 aβ 18 42
17 ( 18 42
18 42 19 )
21 in 26 and
22 the 25 cortex
23 mouse 25 cortex
24 cerebral 25 cortex
25 cortex 26 and
26 and 27 hippocampus

additionally , individual sera exhibited variable potency related to their capacity to enhance intraneuronal aβ ( 42 ) peptide accumulation and immunolabel neurons in ad brain sections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sera
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 4 sera
3 individual 4 sera
4 sera 5 exhibited
5 exhibited 7 potency
5 exhibited 24 in
6 variable 7 potency
7 potency 8 related
7 potency 12 to
7 potency 21 and
8 related 9 to
9 to 11 capacity
10 their 11 capacity
12 to 21 and
13 enhance 20 accumulation
13 enhance 21 and
14 intraneuronal 20 accumulation
15 aβ 17 42
15 aβ 20 accumulation
16 ( 17 42
17 42 18 )
19 peptide 20 accumulation
21 and 22 immunolabel
22 immunolabel 23 neurons
24 in 27 sections
25 ad 26 brain
26 brain 27 sections

replacement of human sera with antibodies targeting abundant neuronal surface proteins resulted in a comparable enhancement [of] aβ ( 42 ) accumulation in mouse neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 replacement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 resulted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 replacement 2 of
1 replacement 5 with
1 replacement 12 resulted
2 of 4 sera
3 human 4 sera
5 with 6 antibodies
6 antibodies 7 targeting
7 targeting 11 proteins
8 abundant 10 surface
9 neuronal 10 surface
10 surface 11 proteins
12 resulted 13 in
12 resulted 23 in
13 in 22 accumulation
14 a 15 comparable
14 a 22 accumulation
15 comparable 16 enhancement
16 enhancement 22 accumulation
18 aβ 20 42
18 aβ 22 accumulation
19 ( 20 42
20 42 21 )
23 in 25 neurons
24 mouse 25 neurons

overall , results suggest that brain - reactive autoantibodies are ubiquitous in the blood and that a defective bbb allows these antibodies to access the brain interstitium , bind to neuronal surfaces and enhance intraneuronal deposition of aβ ( 42 ) in ad brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 3 results
3 results 4 suggest
4 suggest 6 brain
5 that 6 brain
7 - 9 autoantibodies
7 - 24 access
7 - 28 ,
8 reactive 9 autoantibodies
9 autoantibodies 10 are
10 are 11 ubiquitous
11 ubiquitous 12 in
12 in 15 and
13 the 14 blood
14 blood 15 and
15 and 16 that
15 and 19 bbb
15 and 24 access
17 a 19 bbb
18 defective 19 bbb
19 bbb 20 allows
20 allows 22 antibodies
20 allows 23 to
20 allows 24 access
21 these 22 antibodies
23 to 24 access
24 access 27 interstitium
25 the 27 interstitium
26 brain 27 interstitium
28 , 33 and
29 bind 30 to
29 bind 33 and
30 to 32 surfaces
31 neuronal 32 surfaces
33 and 34 enhance
34 enhance 36 deposition
34 enhance 42 in
35 intraneuronal 36 deposition
36 deposition 37 of
36 deposition 40 42
37 of 38 aβ
39 ( 40 42
40 42 41 )
42 in 44 brains
43 ad 44 brains

thus , in the context of bbb compromise , brain - reactive autoantibodies may be an important risk factor for the initiation [and/or] progression of ad as well as other neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 autoantibodies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 13 autoantibodies
3 in 5 context
3 in 13 autoantibodies
4 the 5 context
5 context 6 of
6 of 8 compromise
7 bbb 8 compromise
8 compromise 10 brain
9 , 10 brain
10 brain 11 -
12 reactive 13 autoantibodies
13 autoantibodies 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 19 factor
16 an 17 important
16 an 19 factor
17 important 19 factor
18 risk 19 factor
19 factor 20 for
19 factor 25 of
20 for 24 progression
21 the 24 progression
22 initiation 24 progression
25 of 26 ad
26 ad 29 as
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
29 as 32 diseases
30 other 32 diseases
31 neurodegenerative 32 diseases

none [none] [we] have recently found that , at a young age , transient receptor potential vanilloid - 1 ( trpv1 ) [knockout] [(] - [/] - ) mice have a higher locomotor activity than their wild - type littermates ( +/+ ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
1 none 4 have
4 have 6 found
5 recently 6 found
6 found 7 that
8 , 29 mice
8 , 30 have
8 , 38 -
9 at 12 age
9 at 28 )
9 at 29 mice
10 a 12 age
11 young 12 age
12 age 16 potential
13 , 16 potential
14 transient 15 receptor
15 receptor 16 potential
16 potential 17 vanilloid
16 potential 19 1
16 potential 27 -
18 - 19 1
19 1 21 trpv1
19 1 25 -
20 ( 21 trpv1
21 trpv1 22 )
29 mice 30 have
30 have 34 activity
30 have 35 than
31 a 34 activity
32 higher 34 activity
33 locomotor 34 activity
35 than 37 wild
36 their 37 wild
38 - 39 type
38 - 44 .
39 type 40 littermates
40 littermates 42 +/+
41 ( 42 +/+
42 +/+ 43 )

we have also found that , with age , trpv1 [(] - [/] [-] ) mice become substantially heavier than trpv1 ( +/+ ) controls , thus forming a paradoxical association between locomotor hyperactivity and overweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 we 35 and
2 have 4 found
2 have 35 and
3 also 4 found
4 found 5 that
4 found 7 with
4 found 16 mice
6 , 7 with
7 with 8 age
7 with 15 )
8 age 10 trpv1
9 , 10 trpv1
10 trpv1 12 -
16 mice 17 become
16 mice 19 heavier
16 mice 28 forming
18 substantially 19 heavier
19 heavier 20 than
20 than 21 trpv1
21 trpv1 25 controls
22 ( 25 controls
23 +/+ 24 )
23 +/+ 25 controls
25 controls 26 ,
27 thus 28 forming
28 forming 31 association
28 forming 32 between
29 a 30 paradoxical
29 a 31 association
30 paradoxical 31 association
32 between 34 hyperactivity
33 locomotor 34 hyperactivity
35 and 36 overweight

the present study solves this contradiction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 solves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 solves
4 solves 6 contradiction
5 this 6 contradiction

[by] using two experimental paradigms , we show that aged trpv1 [(] - [/] - [ )(mice have not [an] increased , but a decreased [,] locomotor activity , as compared to age - matched trpv1 ( +/+ ) controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 paradigms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
2 using 5 paradigms
3 two 5 paradigms
4 experimental 5 paradigms
6 , 7 we
6 , 13 -
7 we 8 show
8 show 9 that
8 show 10 aged
9 that 10 aged
10 aged 11 trpv1
13 - 15 -
15 - 17 )(mice
17 )(mice 18 have
18 have 19 not
18 have 21 increased
21 increased 23 but
21 increased 32 to
22 , 23 but
23 but 28 activity
23 but 29 ,
24 a 28 activity
25 decreased 28 activity
27 locomotor 28 activity
29 , 31 compared
30 as 31 compared
32 to 33 age
33 age 36 trpv1
34 - 36 trpv1
35 matched 36 trpv1
36 trpv1 40 controls
36 trpv1 41 .
37 ( 40 controls
38 +/+ 39 )
38 +/+ 40 controls
40 controls 41 .

we also confirm that aged trpv1 [(] - [/] - [ )(mice are overweight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 we 3 confirm
2 also 3 confirm
3 confirm 4 that
3 confirm 5 aged
4 that 5 aged
5 aged 6 trpv1
8 - 10 -
8 - 13 are
8 - 15 .
10 - 12 )(mice
12 )(mice 13 are
13 are 14 overweight

we conclude that trpv1 channels are involved in the regulation of both general locomotor activity and body mass in an age - dependent manner . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 channels
3 that 7 involved
4 trpv1 5 channels
5 channels 6 are
6 are 7 involved
7 involved 8 in
8 in 10 regulation
9 the 10 regulation
10 regulation 11 of
10 regulation 19 in
11 of 16 and
12 both 16 and
13 general 15 activity
14 locomotor 15 activity
15 activity 16 and
16 and 18 mass
17 body 18 mass
19 in 21 age
20 an 21 age
22 - 24 manner
22 - 25 .
23 dependent 24 manner

skeletal muscle aging is associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress , a decrease in the ability to rebuild muscle after injury and in response to exercise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
1 skeletal 2 muscle
2 muscle 3 aging
2 muscle 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 9 and
7 increased 8 inflammation
8 inflammation 9 and
9 and 11 stress
9 and 14 decrease
10 oxidative 11 stress
12 , 14 decrease
13 a 14 decrease
14 decrease 15 in
14 decrease 26 to
14 decrease 28 .
15 in 17 ability
16 the 17 ability
17 ability 18 to
17 ability 19 rebuild
18 to 19 rebuild
19 rebuild 20 muscle
20 muscle 23 and
21 after 22 injury
21 after 23 and
23 and 25 response
24 in 25 response
26 to 27 exercise

in this perspective , we discuss the mechanisms regulating sirt1 activity and expression in skeletal muscles , emphasizing their implications in muscle physiology and the impairment of muscle function with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 discuss
1 in 3 perspective
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 perspective
5 we 6 discuss
6 discuss 12 and
6 discuss 14 in
6 discuss 18 emphasizing
7 the 8 mechanisms
8 mechanisms 9 regulating
8 mechanisms 12 and
9 regulating 11 activity
10 sirt1 11 activity
12 and 13 expression
14 in 16 muscles
15 skeletal 16 muscles
17 , 18 emphasizing
18 emphasizing 20 implications
18 emphasizing 29 function
18 emphasizing 32 .
19 their 20 implications
20 implications 21 in
20 implications 27 of
20 implications 29 function
21 in 24 and
22 muscle 23 physiology
23 physiology 24 and
24 and 26 impairment
25 the 26 impairment
27 of 28 muscle
29 function 30 with
30 with 31 age

age - related alterations in the cellular composition of the [b] lineage are a major cause of the poor antibody response to vaccination and to infectious agents among the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 alterations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 alterations
3 related 4 alterations
4 alterations 5 in
4 alterations 9 of
4 alterations 13 are
5 in 8 composition
6 the 8 composition
7 cellular 8 composition
9 of 12 lineage
10 the 12 lineage
13 are 16 cause
14 a 15 major
14 a 16 cause
15 major 16 cause
16 cause 17 of
17 of 21 response
18 the 21 response
19 poor 20 antibody
20 antibody 21 response
21 response 24 and
22 to 23 vaccination
22 to 24 and
24 and 25 to
25 to 27 agents
26 infectious 27 agents
27 agents 28 among
28 among 31 population
29 the 31 population
30 elderly 31 population

the mechanisms leading to these changes are poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 2 mechanisms
2 mechanisms 3 leading
2 mechanisms 7 are
3 leading 4 to
4 to 6 changes
5 these 6 changes
7 are 9 understood
8 poorly 9 understood

recently , we have shown that these changes reflect , at least [in] part , homeostatic pressures imposed by long - [lived] [b] cells that accumulate with aging , and that aging in [the] b lineage can be reversed upon alteration of b cell homeostasis by depletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 we
3 we 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 6 that
6 that 8 changes
6 that 9 reflect
7 these 8 changes
8 changes 9 reflect
10 , 30 and
10 , 39 reversed
11 at 12 least
12 least 30 and
14 part 15 ,
15 , 17 pressures
15 , 30 and
16 homeostatic 17 pressures
17 pressures 18 imposed
18 imposed 19 by
18 imposed 27 with
19 by 24 cells
20 long 21 -
20 long 24 cells
24 cells 25 that
24 cells 26 accumulate
25 that 26 accumulate
27 with 28 aging
29 , 30 and
30 and 31 that
30 and 32 aging
30 and 36 lineage
30 and 38 be
30 and 39 reversed
32 aging 33 in
33 in 35 b
36 lineage 37 can
37 can 38 be
39 reversed 40 upon
39 reversed 45 homeostasis
40 upon 41 alteration
41 alteration 42 of
42 of 43 b
44 cell 45 homeostasis
45 homeostasis 46 by
46 by 47 depletion

here we discuss homeostatic causes for [b] lineage immunosenescence , and the potential for its rejuvenation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 discuss
3 discuss 5 causes
4 homeostatic 5 causes
5 causes 6 for
6 for 11 and
8 lineage 9 immunosenescence
9 immunosenescence 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 potential
11 and 14 for
12 the 13 potential
14 for 16 rejuvenation
15 its 16 rejuvenation

the term laminopathies defines a group of genetic disorders caused by defects in the nuclear envelope , mostly [the] lamins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 laminopathies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 3 laminopathies
2 term 3 laminopathies
3 laminopathies 17 ,
4 defines 9 disorders
4 defines 13 in
4 defines 17 ,
5 a 6 group
6 group 7 of
6 group 9 disorders
7 of 9 disorders
8 genetic 9 disorders
9 disorders 10 caused
10 caused 11 by
11 by 12 defects
13 in 16 envelope
14 the 16 envelope
15 nuclear 16 envelope
17 , 20 lamins
18 mostly 20 lamins

lamins are the main constituents of the nuclear lamina , a filamentous meshwork associated with the inner nuclear membrane that provides mechanical stability and plays important roles in processes such as transcription , dna replication and chromatin organization . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lamins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 lamins 2 are
2 are 5 constituents
3 the 4 main
3 the 5 constituents
5 constituents 6 of
6 of 9 lamina
7 the 9 lamina
8 nuclear 9 lamina
10 , 13 meshwork
10 , 24 and
11 a 12 filamentous
11 a 13 meshwork
12 filamentous 13 meshwork
13 meshwork 24 and
14 associated 15 with
14 associated 23 stability
14 associated 24 and
15 with 19 membrane
16 the 19 membrane
17 inner 19 membrane
18 nuclear 19 membrane
19 membrane 20 that
19 membrane 21 provides
20 that 21 provides
22 mechanical 23 stability
24 and 25 plays
25 plays 27 roles
25 plays 31 as
26 important 27 roles
27 roles 28 in
28 in 29 processes
30 such 31 as
31 as 36 and
32 transcription 33 ,
33 , 35 replication
33 , 36 and
34 dna 35 replication
36 and 38 organization
37 chromatin 38 organization

more than 300 mutations [inlamin] [a/c] have been associated with diverse clinical [phenotypes] , understanding the molecular basis of these diseases may provide a rationale for treating them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 more 2 than
2 than 3 300
3 300 4 mutations
4 mutations 7 have
7 have 8 been
8 been 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 15 understanding
11 diverse 15 understanding
12 clinical 14 ,
12 clinical 15 understanding
15 understanding 18 basis
15 understanding 23 provide
16 the 18 basis
17 molecular 18 basis
18 basis 19 of
18 basis 22 may
19 of 21 diseases
20 these 21 diseases
22 may 23 provide
23 provide 25 rationale
24 a 25 rationale
25 rationale 26 for
26 for 27 treating
27 treating 28 them

here we describe the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ( ipscs ) from a patient with inherited dilated cardiomiopathy and 2 patients with distinct accelerated forms of aging , atypical werner syndrome and hutchinson gilford progeria , all of which are caused by mutations in lamin a/c . these cell lines were pluripotent and displayed normal nuclear membrane morphology compared to donor fibroblasts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 describe
3 describe 21 and
3 describe 24 with
3 describe 39 all
3 describe 46 in
4 the 5 generation
5 generation 6 of
5 generation 14 from
5 generation 17 with
5 generation 21 and
6 of 10 cells
7 induced 9 stem
8 pluripotent 9 stem
9 stem 10 cells
10 cells 12 ipscs
11 ( 12 ipscs
12 ipscs 13 )
14 from 16 patient
15 a 16 patient
17 with 20 cardiomiopathy
18 inherited 20 cardiomiopathy
19 dilated 20 cardiomiopathy
21 and 23 patients
22 2 23 patients
24 with 34 and
25 distinct 27 forms
26 accelerated 27 forms
27 forms 28 of
27 forms 30 ,
28 of 29 aging
30 , 33 syndrome
30 , 34 and
31 atypical 33 syndrome
32 werner 33 syndrome
34 and 37 progeria
34 and 38 ,
35 hutchinson 36 gilford
36 gilford 37 progeria
39 all 40 of
40 of 41 which
41 which 42 are
42 are 43 caused
43 caused 44 by
44 by 45 mutations
46 in 48 a/c
47 lamin 48 a/c
49 . 54 pluripotent
49 . 55 and
50 these 52 lines
51 cell 52 lines
52 lines 53 were
53 were 54 pluripotent
55 and 60 morphology
55 and 61 compared
56 displayed 59 membrane
57 normal 59 membrane
58 nuclear 59 membrane
59 membrane 60 morphology
60 morphology 61 compared
61 compared 62 to
62 to 64 fibroblasts
63 donor 64 fibroblasts

their differentiated progeny reproduced the disease phenotype , reinforcing the idea that they represent excellent tools for understanding the role of lamin a/c in normal physiology and the clinical diversity associated with these diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 progeny
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reproduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 their 3 progeny
2 differentiated 3 progeny
3 progeny 4 reproduced
4 reproduced 7 phenotype
5 the 7 phenotype
6 disease 7 phenotype
8 , 9 reinforcing
8 , 31 associated
9 reinforcing 11 idea
9 reinforcing 24 in
9 reinforcing 31 associated
10 the 11 idea
11 idea 12 that
12 that 13 they
12 that 14 represent
13 they 14 represent
14 represent 16 tools
15 excellent 16 tools
16 tools 17 for
17 for 18 understanding
18 understanding 20 role
19 the 20 role
20 role 21 of
21 of 23 a/c
22 lamin 23 a/c
24 in 27 and
25 normal 26 physiology
26 physiology 27 and
27 and 30 diversity
28 the 30 diversity
29 clinical 30 diversity
31 associated 32 with
32 with 34 diseases
33 these 34 diseases

reduction of body temperature has been proposed to contribute to the increased lifespan in calorie restricted animals and mice overexpressing the uncoupling protein - 2 in hypocretin neurons . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 reduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 reduction 2 of
1 reduction 5 has
2 of 4 temperature
3 body 4 temperature
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 proposed
7 proposed 8 to
7 proposed 10 to
8 to 9 contribute
10 to 18 and
11 the 13 lifespan
12 increased 13 lifespan
13 lifespan 14 in
13 lifespan 18 and
14 in 17 animals
15 calorie 16 restricted
16 restricted 17 animals
18 and 19 mice
19 mice 20 overexpressing
20 overexpressing 28 neurons
21 the 28 neurons
22 uncoupling 28 neurons
23 protein 28 neurons
24 - 25 2
25 2 26 in
26 in 28 neurons
27 hypocretin 28 neurons

however , nothing is [known] regarding the long - term effects [of] calorie restriction ( cr ) with adequate nutrition on body temperature in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 nothing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 nothing
3 nothing 4 is
4 is 6 regarding
6 regarding 14 restriction
6 regarding 18 with
6 regarding 21 on
7 the 14 restriction
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 14 restriction
11 effects 13 calorie
13 calorie 14 restriction
14 restriction 16 cr
15 ( 16 cr
16 cr 17 )
18 with 20 nutrition
19 adequate 20 nutrition
21 on 23 temperature
22 body 23 temperature
23 temperature 24 in
24 in 25 humans

the cr and ex groups were significantly leaner than the wd group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 5 groups
2 cr 3 and
3 and 4 ex
4 ex 5 groups
5 groups 6 were
6 were 8 leaner
7 significantly 8 leaner
8 leaner 9 than
9 than 12 group
10 the 12 group
11 wd 12 group

energy intake was lower in the cr group [(] 1769 ± 348 kcal / [d] [ )(than in [the] wd ( 2302 ± 668 kcal / [d] ) and ex ( 2798 ± 760 kcal / [d] ) groups ( p < 0.0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 intake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
1 energy 2 intake
2 intake 3 was
3 was 4 lower
4 lower 5 in
5 in 14 /
6 the 14 /
7 cr 8 group
8 group 11 ±
10 1769 11 ±
11 ± 14 /
12 348 13 kcal
13 kcal 14 /
14 / 17 )(than
14 / 18 in
18 in 29 and
20 wd 26 /
20 wd 29 and
21 ( 26 /
22 2302 26 /
23 ± 26 /
24 668 25 kcal
25 kcal 26 /
26 / 28 )
29 and 30 ex
30 ex 39 groups
31 ( 39 groups
32 2798 39 groups
33 ± 39 groups
34 760 35 kcal
35 kcal 39 groups
36 / 38 )
36 / 39 groups
39 groups 42 <
39 groups 45 .
40 ( 42 <
41 p 42 <
42 < 43 0.0001
42 < 44 )

mean 24 - hour [,] day - time and night - time core body temperatures were all significantly lower in the cr group than in the wd and ex groups ( [p] ≤ 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 mean 2 24
2 24 6 day
2 24 9 and
3 - 6 day
4 hour 6 day
6 day 7 -
7 - 9 and
8 time 9 and
9 and 10 night
9 and 11 -
11 - 15 temperatures
11 - 16 were
11 - 36 .
12 time 13 core
13 core 14 body
14 body 15 temperatures
15 temperatures 16 were
16 were 28 and
17 all 19 lower
17 all 28 and
18 significantly 19 lower
19 lower 20 in
19 lower 24 than
20 in 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 cr 23 group
24 than 25 in
25 in 27 wd
26 the 27 wd
28 and 30 groups
28 and 33 ≤
29 ex 30 groups
31 ( 33 ≤
33 ≤ 34 0.01
33 ≤ 35 )

long - term cr with adequate nutrition in lean and weight - stable healthy humans is associated with a sustained reduction in core body temperature , similar to that found in cr rodents and monkeys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cr
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 long 2 -
1 long 3 term
3 term 4 cr
4 cr 5 with
4 cr 16 is
5 with 15 humans
6 adequate 7 nutrition
7 nutrition 8 in
7 nutrition 10 and
8 in 9 lean
10 and 11 weight
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 stable
13 stable 15 humans
14 healthy 15 humans
16 is 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
17 associated 26 ,
17 associated 27 similar
18 with 21 reduction
18 with 22 in
19 a 21 reduction
20 sustained 21 reduction
22 in 25 temperature
23 core 25 temperature
24 body 25 temperature
27 similar 28 to
28 to 34 and
29 that 30 found
29 that 34 and
30 found 31 in
31 in 33 rodents
32 cr 33 rodents
34 and 35 monkeys

this adaptation is likely due to cr itself , rather than to leanness , and may be involved in slowing the rate of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adaptation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 this 2 adaptation
2 adaptation 15 and
3 is 4 likely
3 is 15 and
4 likely 6 to
4 likely 8 itself
4 likely 11 than
5 due 6 to
6 to 7 cr
9 , 11 than
10 rather 11 than
11 than 12 to
11 than 14 ,
12 to 13 leanness
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 may
16 may 17 be
17 be 18 involved
18 involved 19 in
19 in 20 slowing
20 slowing 22 rate
21 the 22 rate
22 rate 23 of
23 of 24 aging

background : effective antiretroviral therapy has reduced the risk of aids and dramatically prolonged the survival of hiv - infected people in the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 therapy
2 : 12 and
2 : 19 -
2 : 26 .
3 effective 5 therapy
4 antiretroviral 5 therapy
5 therapy 6 has
6 has 12 and
7 reduced 9 risk
7 reduced 12 and
8 the 9 risk
9 risk 10 of
10 of 11 aids
12 and 14 prolonged
13 dramatically 14 prolonged
14 prolonged 16 survival
15 the 16 survival
16 survival 17 of
17 of 18 hiv
19 - 21 people
20 infected 21 people
21 people 22 in
22 in 25 states
23 the 25 states
24 united 25 states

consequently , an increasing number of hiv [-] infected people are at risk [of] [non] - aids - defining cancers that typically occur at older ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 consequently 2 ,
1 consequently 10 people
3 an 5 number
4 increasing 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 10 people
6 of 10 people
7 hiv 9 infected
9 infected 10 people
10 people 11 are
11 are 12 at
11 are 19 defining
12 at 13 risk
13 risk 17 aids
16 - 17 aids
17 aids 18 -
19 defining 20 cancers
20 cancers 21 that
20 cancers 23 occur
21 that 23 occur
22 typically 23 occur
23 occur 24 at
24 at 26 ages
25 older 26 ages

we estimated the annual number of cancers in the hiv - infected population , both [with] and [without] aids , in the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 estimated
2 estimated 7 cancers
2 estimated 8 in
2 estimated 21 in
3 the 5 number
4 annual 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 7 cancers
6 of 7 cancers
8 in 10 hiv
9 the 10 hiv
10 hiv 17 and
11 - 17 and
12 infected 13 population
13 population 14 ,
14 , 15 both
14 , 17 and
17 and 19 aids
17 and 20 ,
21 in 24 states
22 the 24 states
23 united 24 states

methods : incidence rates for individual cancer types were obtained from the hiv/aids cancer match study by linking 15 hiv and cancer registries in the united states . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 21 and
3 incidence 4 rates
4 rates 5 for
4 rates 21 and
5 for 7 cancer
6 individual 7 cancer
7 cancer 8 types
7 cancer 18 linking
8 types 9 were
9 were 10 obtained
10 obtained 11 from
10 obtained 17 by
11 from 16 study
12 the 16 study
13 hiv/aids 14 cancer
14 cancer 15 match
15 match 16 study
17 by 18 linking
18 linking 20 hiv
19 15 20 hiv
21 and 23 registries
21 and 24 in
22 cancer 23 registries
24 in 27 states
25 the 27 states
26 united 27 states

estimated counts of the us hiv [-] infected and aids populations were obtained from centers for disease control and prevention surveillance data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 estimated 2 counts
2 counts 3 of
2 counts 9 and
3 of 5 us
4 the 5 us
5 us 6 hiv
5 us 8 infected
6 hiv 8 infected
9 and 11 populations
9 and 12 were
10 aids 11 populations
12 were 13 obtained
13 obtained 14 from
14 from 19 and
15 centers 16 for
15 centers 19 and
16 for 18 control
17 disease 18 control
19 and 22 data
20 prevention 22 data
21 surveillance 22 data

we obtained estimated counts of aids - defining ( ie , kaposi sarcoma , [non] - hodgkin lymphoma , and cervical cancer ) [and] [non] - aids - defining cancers in the us aids population during 1991 - 2005 by multiplying cancer incidence rates and aids population counts , stratified by year [,] age , sex , race and ethnicity , transmission category , and aids - relative time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 obtained
1 we 2 obtained
2 obtained 4 counts
2 obtained 8 defining
3 estimated 4 counts
4 counts 5 of
5 of 6 aids
7 - 8 defining
8 defining 16 -
8 defining 20 and
9 ( 16 -
10 ie 13 sarcoma
10 ie 16 -
11 , 13 sarcoma
12 kaposi 13 sarcoma
13 sarcoma 14 ,
16 - 17 hodgkin
18 lymphoma 20 and
19 , 20 and
20 and 22 cancer
20 and 23 )
20 and 28 -
21 cervical 22 cancer
26 - 28 -
27 aids 28 -
28 - 30 cancers
29 defining 30 cancers
30 cancers 31 in
30 cancers 36 during
31 in 35 population
32 the 35 population
33 us 34 aids
34 aids 35 population
36 during 38 -
37 1991 38 -
38 - 39 2005
38 - 40 by
40 by 45 and
41 multiplying 42 cancer
42 cancer 44 rates
43 incidence 44 rates
44 rates 45 and
45 and 46 aids
45 and 47 population
45 and 49 ,
45 and 51 by
47 population 49 ,
48 counts 49 ,
49 , 50 stratified
51 by 59 and
52 year 54 age
54 age 55 ,
55 , 56 sex
55 , 57 ,
57 , 58 race
57 , 59 and
59 and 60 ethnicity
59 and 65 and
61 , 65 and
62 transmission 63 category
63 category 65 and
64 , 65 and
65 and 66 aids
65 and 70 .
66 aids 69 time
67 - 69 time
68 relative 69 time
69 time 70 .

we tested trends in counts and standardized incidence rates using linear regression models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 tested
2 tested 3 trends
2 tested 4 in
4 in 6 and
5 counts 6 and
6 and 7 standardized
6 and 9 rates
6 and 10 using
8 incidence 9 rates
10 using 13 models
11 linear 12 regression
12 regression 13 models

we multiplied overall cancer rates and hiv - only [(] hiv infected , without aids ) population counts , available from 34 us states during 2004 - 2007 , to estimate cancers in the hiv - only population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 multiplied
1 we 2 multiplied
2 multiplied 3 overall
2 multiplied 6 and
4 cancer 5 rates
5 rates 6 and
6 and 11 hiv
6 and 12 infected
6 and 17 population
6 and 18 counts
6 and 20 available
7 hiv 11 hiv
8 - 9 only
8 - 11 hiv
12 infected 14 without
13 , 14 without
14 without 15 aids
14 without 16 )
17 population 18 counts
19 , 20 available
20 available 21 from
20 available 25 during
20 available 39 .
21 from 22 34
22 34 23 us
22 34 24 states
23 us 24 states
25 during 27 -
26 2004 27 -
27 - 28 2007
27 - 30 to
29 , 30 to
30 to 31 estimate
30 to 39 .
31 estimate 32 cancers
32 cancers 33 in
33 in 35 hiv
34 the 35 hiv
35 hiv 38 population
36 - 37 only
36 - 38 population
38 population 39 .

all statistical tests were two [-] [sided] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 all 3 tests
2 statistical 3 tests
3 tests 4 were
4 were 5 two

results : the us aids population expanded fourfold from 1991 to 2005 ( 96,179 to 413,080 ) largely because of an increase in the number of people aged 40 years or older . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 6 population
2 : 7 expanded
3 the 6 population
4 us 5 aids
5 aids 6 population
6 population 7 expanded
7 expanded 8 fourfold
7 expanded 9 from
7 expanded 18 largely
9 from 11 to
10 1991 11 to
11 to 12 2005
11 to 15 to
13 ( 15 to
14 96,179 15 to
15 to 16 413,080
15 to 17 )
18 largely 19 because
19 because 20 of
20 of 22 increase
21 an 22 increase
22 increase 23 in
22 increase 28 aged
23 in 25 number
24 the 25 number
25 number 26 of
26 of 27 people
28 aged 31 or
29 40 30 years
30 years 31 or
31 or 32 older

during 1991 - 2005 , an estimated 79 656 cancers occurred in the aids population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cancers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 occurred
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 during 3 -
1 during 5 ,
1 during 10 cancers
2 1991 3 -
3 - 4 2005
6 an 7 estimated
7 estimated 8 79
8 79 10 cancers
9 656 10 cancers
10 cancers 11 occurred
11 occurred 12 in
12 in 15 population
13 the 15 population
14 aids 15 population

from 1991 - 1995 to 2001 - 2005 , estimated counts increased for anal ( 206 to 1564 cancers ) , liver ( 116 to 583 cancers ) , prostate [(] 87 to 759 cancers ) , and lung cancers ( 875 to 1882 cancers ) , and hodgkin lymphoma ( 426 to 897 cancers ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 from 2 1991
1 from 3 -
1 from 5 to
4 1995 5 to
5 to 6 2001
5 to 8 2005
5 to 10 estimated
7 - 8 2005
8 2005 9 ,
10 estimated 48 and
11 counts 12 increased
11 counts 38 and
12 increased 13 for
13 for 22 liver
14 anal 19 cancers
14 anal 21 ,
14 anal 22 liver
15 ( 19 cancers
16 206 17 to
17 to 18 1564
17 to 19 cancers
19 cancers 20 )
22 liver 27 cancers
22 liver 35 cancers
23 ( 27 cancers
24 116 25 to
25 to 26 583
25 to 27 cancers
27 cancers 28 )
29 , 35 cancers
30 prostate 33 to
30 prostate 35 cancers
32 87 33 to
33 to 34 759
35 cancers 36 )
37 , 38 and
38 and 40 cancers
38 and 45 cancers
38 and 48 and
39 lung 40 cancers
41 ( 45 cancers
42 875 43 to
43 to 44 1882
43 to 45 cancers
45 cancers 46 )
47 , 48 and
48 and 50 lymphoma
48 and 55 cancers
49 hodgkin 50 lymphoma
51 ( 55 cancers
52 426 53 to
53 to 54 897
53 to 55 cancers
55 cancers 56 )

in the hiv - only population in 34 us states , an estimated 2191 [non] - aids - defining cancers occurred during 2004 - 2007 , including 454 lung , 166 breast , [and] 154 anal cancers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 defining
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 in 3 hiv
1 in 19 defining
2 the 3 hiv
3 hiv 6 population
4 - 5 only
4 - 6 population
6 population 7 in
6 population 14 2191
6 population 16 -
7 in 10 states
8 34 10 states
9 us 10 states
11 , 14 2191
12 an 13 estimated
13 estimated 14 2191
14 2191 16 -
17 aids 18 -
17 aids 19 defining
19 defining 20 cancers
19 defining 21 occurred
21 occurred 22 during
22 during 24 -
23 2004 24 -
24 - 25 2007
26 , 29 lung
26 , 30 ,
27 including 29 lung
28 454 29 lung
30 , 32 breast
30 , 33 ,
31 166 32 breast
33 , 37 cancers
35 154 37 cancers
36 anal 37 cancers

conclusions : over a 15 [-] year period ( 1991 - 2005 ) , increases in [non] - aids - defining cancers were mainly driven by growth and aging of the aids population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 over
3 over 7 year
4 a 7 year
5 15 7 year
7 year 8 period
7 year 16 in
7 year 19 aids
8 period 10 1991
8 period 15 increases
9 ( 10 1991
10 1991 12 2005
10 1991 14 ,
11 - 12 2005
12 2005 13 )
15 increases 16 in
18 - 19 aids
19 aids 20 -
20 - 21 defining
20 - 25 driven
21 defining 22 cancers
21 defining 23 were
23 were 25 driven
24 mainly 25 driven
25 driven 26 by
26 by 28 and
27 growth 28 and
28 and 29 aging
29 aging 30 of
30 of 33 population
31 the 33 population
32 aids 33 population

this growing burden requires targeted cancer prevention and treatment strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 burden
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 this 2 growing
2 growing 3 burden
3 burden 4 requires
4 requires 8 and
5 targeted 6 cancer
6 cancer 7 prevention
7 prevention 8 and
8 and 10 strategies
9 treatment 10 strategies

objective : temporal lobe resection is an established treatment for medication - resistant temporal lobe epilepsy , which in recent years has increasingly been performed in children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 resection
2 : 6 is
2 : 28 .
3 temporal 5 resection
4 lobe 5 resection
5 resection 6 is
6 is 9 treatment
7 an 9 treatment
8 established 9 treatment
9 treatment 10 for
9 treatment 18 which
9 treatment 22 has
10 for 11 medication
11 medication 16 epilepsy
12 - 16 epilepsy
13 resistant 16 epilepsy
14 temporal 15 lobe
15 lobe 16 epilepsy
16 epilepsy 17 ,
18 which 19 in
18 which 22 has
19 in 21 years
20 recent 21 years
22 has 24 been
23 increasingly 24 been
24 been 25 performed
25 performed 26 in
26 in 27 children

however , little is known about the long - term outcome in these children . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 12 in
6 about 11 outcome
7 the 11 outcome
8 long 9 -
8 long 10 term
10 term 11 outcome
12 in 14 children
13 these 14 children

the aim of this study was to characterize intellectual and psychosocial functioning of children after temporal lobe resection as [they] progress into late adolescence and adulthood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 19 as
7 to 8 characterize
8 characterize 10 and
8 characterize 12 functioning
9 intellectual 10 and
10 and 11 psychosocial
12 functioning 13 of
13 of 14 children
14 children 15 after
15 after 18 resection
16 temporal 17 lobe
17 lobe 18 resection
19 as 25 and
21 progress 22 into
21 progress 25 and
22 into 24 adolescence
23 late 24 adolescence
25 and 26 adulthood

methods : we report the long - term [follow] - up [of] 42 children who underwent temporal lobe surgery after an average postoperative period of 9 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 report
2 : 10 -
3 we 4 report
4 report 8 term
5 the 8 term
6 long 7 -
6 long 8 term
10 - 11 up
11 up 14 children
11 up 20 after
13 42 14 children
14 children 15 who
14 children 16 underwent
15 who 16 underwent
16 underwent 19 surgery
17 temporal 18 lobe
18 lobe 19 surgery
20 after 24 period
21 an 22 average
21 an 24 period
22 average 24 period
23 postoperative 24 period
24 period 25 of
25 of 27 years
26 9 27 years

longitudinal change in iq was documented , psychosocial outcome including quality of life was assessed , and preoperative and postoperative t1 - weighted mri brain scans were evaluated quantitatively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 longitudinal 2 change
2 change 3 in
2 change 5 was
3 in 4 iq
5 was 6 documented
7 , 11 quality
7 , 15 assessed
7 , 17 and
8 psychosocial 9 outcome
9 outcome 11 quality
10 including 11 quality
11 quality 12 of
11 quality 14 was
12 of 13 life
14 was 15 assessed
16 , 17 and
17 and 19 and
17 and 28 evaluated
18 preoperative 19 and
19 and 21 t1
19 and 22 -
19 and 23 weighted
19 and 25 brain
19 and 26 scans
19 and 27 were
20 postoperative 21 t1
24 mri 25 brain
25 brain 26 scans
27 were 28 evaluated
28 evaluated 29 quantitatively

a well [-] matched nonsurgical comparison group of 11 children with similar clinical characteristics was also assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 7 group
2 well 7 group
4 matched 6 comparison
5 nonsurgical 6 comparison
6 comparison 7 group
7 group 8 of
7 group 15 was
8 of 10 children
9 11 10 children
10 children 11 with
11 with 14 characteristics
12 similar 14 characteristics
13 clinical 14 characteristics
15 was 17 assessed
16 also 17 assessed

results : at [follow] - up , 86 % of the surgical group were seizure - free , and 57 % were no longer taking antiepileptic medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 %
2 : 14 were
2 : 19 and
2 : 28 .
3 at 6 up
3 at 7 ,
3 at 9 %
5 - 6 up
8 86 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 14 were
10 of 13 group
11 the 13 group
12 surgical 13 group
14 were 15 seizure
14 were 17 free
16 - 17 free
17 free 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 %
19 and 22 were
20 57 21 %
21 % 22 were
22 were 25 taking
23 no 24 longer
24 longer 25 taking
25 taking 27 medication
26 antiepileptic 27 medication

a significant increase in iq was found in the surgical group after an extended [follow] [-] up period of >5 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 a 2 significant
1 a 3 increase
2 significant 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 6 was
4 in 5 iq
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 in
7 found 12 after
8 in 11 group
9 the 11 group
10 surgical 11 group
12 after 18 period
13 an 18 period
14 extended 18 period
17 up 18 period
18 period 19 of
19 of 21 years
20 >5 21 years

this iq change was not found in the nonsurgical comparison group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 this 3 change
2 iq 3 change
3 change 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 6 found
6 found 7 in
7 in 11 group
8 the 11 group
9 nonsurgical 10 comparison
10 comparison 11 group

iq increases were associated with cessation of antiepileptic medication and changes in mri - derived gray matter volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
1 iq 2 increases
2 increases 10 and
3 were 4 associated
3 were 10 and
4 associated 5 with
5 with 6 cessation
6 cessation 7 of
7 of 9 medication
8 antiepileptic 9 medication
10 and 11 changes
11 changes 12 in
12 in 13 mri
14 - 18 volume
14 - 19 .
15 derived 17 matter
16 gray 17 matter
17 matter 18 volume

the surgical group also reported better psychosocial outcome including quality of life , which was more strongly associated with seizure freedom rather than surgery per se . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 better
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 group
2 surgical 3 group
3 group 5 reported
3 group 6 better
4 also 5 reported
6 better 10 quality
7 psychosocial 8 outcome
8 outcome 10 quality
9 including 10 quality
10 quality 11 of
11 of 12 life
13 , 14 which
13 , 18 associated
14 which 15 was
15 was 16 more
15 was 18 associated
17 strongly 18 associated
18 associated 19 with
18 associated 23 than
18 associated 26 se
19 with 21 freedom
20 seizure 21 freedom
22 rather 23 than
23 than 24 surgery
25 per 26 se

conclusions : surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy performed in childhood results in excellent long - term seizure control and favorable cognitive outcome along with positive effects on brain development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 surgery
2 : 11 results
3 surgery 4 for
3 surgery 11 results
4 for 7 epilepsy
5 temporal 6 lobe
6 lobe 7 epilepsy
7 epilepsy 8 performed
8 performed 9 in
9 in 10 childhood
11 results 12 in
11 results 24 with
11 results 27 on
12 in 19 and
13 excellent 16 term
14 long 15 -
14 long 16 term
16 term 18 control
17 seizure 18 control
18 control 19 and
19 and 22 outcome
20 favorable 22 outcome
21 cognitive 22 outcome
23 along 24 with
24 with 26 effects
25 positive 26 effects
27 on 29 development
28 brain 29 development

classification of evidence : this study provides class iii evidence that temporal lobectomy in children with temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with improved long - term intellectual outcomes compared with those undergoing standard medical treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 classification 2 of
2 of 3 evidence
4 : 6 study
4 : 21 associated
5 this 6 study
6 study 7 provides
7 provides 8 class
8 class 9 iii
10 evidence 11 that
10 evidence 20 is
10 evidence 21 associated
11 that 13 lobectomy
11 that 20 is
12 temporal 13 lobectomy
13 lobectomy 14 in
13 lobectomy 16 with
13 lobectomy 20 is
14 in 15 children
16 with 19 epilepsy
17 temporal 18 lobe
18 lobe 19 epilepsy
21 associated 22 with
22 with 28 outcomes
22 with 29 compared
23 improved 27 intellectual
24 long 25 -
24 long 27 intellectual
26 term 27 intellectual
27 intellectual 28 outcomes
29 compared 30 with
30 with 31 those
30 with 32 undergoing
32 undergoing 35 treatment
33 standard 35 treatment
34 medical 35 treatment

objective : to identify age - related changes in human meibomian glands that may be associated with meibomian gland dysfunction ( mgd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
3 to 4 identify
4 identify 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 changes
7 related 9 in
7 related 23 )
9 in 12 glands
10 human 12 glands
11 meibomian 12 glands
12 glands 13 that
12 glands 14 may
12 glands 22 mgd
13 that 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 associated
16 associated 17 with
17 with 20 dysfunction
18 meibomian 19 gland
19 gland 20 dysfunction
21 ( 22 mgd
22 mgd 23 )

dermatologic history , age , and presence of mgd were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 dermatologic 2 history
2 history 3 ,
3 , 4 age
3 , 6 and
5 , 6 and
6 and 7 presence
6 and 8 of
6 and 10 were
8 of 9 mgd
10 were 11 recorded

samples were frozen , sectioned , and stained with specific antibodies against peroxisome [proliferator] - activated receptor [γ] [(] pparγ ) to identify meibocyte differentiation , ki67 nuclear antigen to identify cycling cells , and cd45 to identify inflammatory cell infiltration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 samples 7 and
1 samples 35 and
2 were 3 frozen
2 were 7 and
3 frozen 5 sectioned
4 , 5 sectioned
5 sectioned 6 ,
7 and 8 stained
7 and 9 with
7 and 12 against
7 and 22 to
9 with 11 antibodies
10 specific 11 antibodies
12 against 13 peroxisome
13 peroxisome 20 pparγ
15 - 20 pparγ
16 activated 17 receptor
17 receptor 20 pparγ
20 pparγ 21 )
22 to 23 identify
23 identify 25 differentiation
24 meibocyte 25 differentiation
25 differentiation 29 antigen
26 , 29 antigen
27 ki67 29 antigen
28 nuclear 29 antigen
29 antigen 30 to
29 antigen 31 identify
29 antigen 34 ,
30 to 31 identify
31 identify 33 cells
32 cycling 33 cells
35 and 36 cd45
35 and 37 to
35 and 38 identify
37 to 38 identify
38 identify 41 infiltration
39 inflammatory 41 infiltration
40 cell 41 infiltration

results : staining for pparγ showed cytoplasmic and nuclear localization in the 2 youngest subjects ( ages , 18 and 44 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 3 staining
2 : 6 showed
3 staining 4 for
3 staining 6 showed
4 for 5 pparγ
6 showed 10 localization
6 showed 11 in
7 cytoplasmic 8 and
8 and 9 nuclear
8 and 10 localization
11 in 15 subjects
12 the 13 2
13 2 14 youngest
13 2 15 subjects
15 subjects 17 ages
15 subjects 22 years
16 ( 17 ages
17 ages 18 ,
18 , 22 years
19 18 20 and
20 and 21 44
20 and 22 years
22 years 23 )

older individuals ( >60 years ) showed predominantly nuclear staining , with cytoplasmic staining limited to the basal acinar cells in 17 of 31 subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
1 older 2 individuals
2 individuals 5 years
2 individuals 7 showed
3 ( 5 years
4 >60 5 years
5 years 6 )
7 showed 10 staining
8 predominantly 9 nuclear
9 nuclear 10 staining
10 staining 12 with
11 , 12 with
12 with 14 staining
12 with 26 .
13 cytoplasmic 14 staining
14 staining 15 limited
15 limited 16 to
15 limited 21 in
16 to 20 cells
17 the 20 cells
18 basal 20 cells
19 acinar 20 cells
21 in 22 17
22 17 23 of
23 of 25 subjects
24 31 25 subjects

the number of ki67 positively stained basal cells were significantly elevated in the younger compared [with] older subjects based on linear regression analysis [(] r ( 2 [ )(= 0.35 ; p < . 001 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 elevated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 number
2 number 3 of
2 number 8 cells
3 of 8 cells
4 ki67 8 cells
5 positively 6 stained
6 stained 7 basal
7 basal 8 cells
8 cells 9 were
9 were 11 elevated
10 significantly 11 elevated
11 elevated 12 in
11 elevated 20 on
12 in 18 subjects
13 the 18 subjects
14 younger 18 subjects
15 compared 18 subjects
17 older 18 subjects
18 subjects 19 based
20 on 23 analysis
21 linear 22 regression
22 regression 23 analysis
23 analysis 29 )(=
25 r 29 )(=
26 ( 29 )(=
27 2 29 )(=
29 )(= 30 0.35
31 ; 32 p
32 p 33 <
34 . 35 001
34 . 37 )(

there was also a significant correlation between mg expression grade and cd45 cell infiltration ( r = 0.414 ; p = . 05 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 6 correlation
4 a 6 correlation
5 significant 6 correlation
6 correlation 7 between
7 between 11 and
8 mg 9 expression
9 expression 10 grade
10 grade 11 and
11 and 14 infiltration
11 and 17 =
12 cd45 14 infiltration
13 cell 14 infiltration
15 ( 17 =
16 r 17 =
17 = 18 0.414
17 = 19 ;
19 ; 20 p
19 ; 21 =
20 p 21 =
22 . 23 05
22 . 25 )(

conclusions : these results indicate that aging human meibomian glands show decreased meibocyte differentiation and cell cycling that is associated with the development of mgd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicate
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 9 meibomian
6 that 7 aging
7 aging 9 meibomian
8 human 9 meibomian
9 meibomian 10 glands
9 meibomian 20 associated
10 glands 11 show
11 show 13 meibocyte
11 show 15 and
11 show 20 associated
12 decreased 13 meibocyte
14 differentiation 15 and
15 and 16 cell
15 and 17 cycling
15 and 20 associated
18 that 19 is
19 is 20 associated
20 associated 21 with
21 with 23 development
22 the 23 development
23 development 24 of
24 of 25 mgd

findings also suggest that altered pparγ signaling may lead to acinar atrophy and development of an age - related hyposecretory mgd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 findings 3 suggest
2 also 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 5 altered
4 that 5 altered
5 altered 6 pparγ
6 pparγ 7 signaling
6 pparγ 9 lead
7 signaling 8 may
8 may 9 lead
9 lead 10 to
10 to 13 and
11 acinar 12 atrophy
12 atrophy 13 and
13 and 14 development
13 and 15 of
15 of 17 age
16 an 17 age
18 - 19 related
19 related 21 mgd
20 hyposecretory 21 mgd

clinical relevance : meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye are common [age] - related eyelid disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 clinical 2 relevance
3 : 7 and
3 : 11 are
3 : 15 related
3 : 18 .
4 meibomian 6 dysfunction
5 gland 6 dysfunction
6 dysfunction 7 and
7 and 10 eye
7 and 11 are
8 evaporative 10 eye
9 dry 10 eye
11 are 12 common
14 - 15 related
15 related 17 disorders
16 eyelid 17 disorders

understanding the underlying mechanism of mgd may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 understanding 4 mechanism
1 understanding 7 may
2 the 4 mechanism
3 underlying 4 mechanism
4 mechanism 5 of
5 of 6 mgd
7 may 8 lead
8 lead 9 to
8 lead 16 to
9 to 11 development
10 the 11 development
11 development 12 of
12 of 15 strategies
13 novel 15 strategies
14 therapeutic 15 strategies
16 to 17 treat
17 treat 19 disease
18 this 19 disease

human aging is accompanied by dramatic changes in daily sleep - wake behavior : activity shifts to an earlier phase , and the consolidation of sleep and wake is disturbed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 human
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 :
1 human 2 aging
1 human 3 is
3 is 4 accompanied
4 accompanied 5 by
4 accompanied 8 in
5 by 7 changes
6 dramatic 7 changes
8 in 10 sleep
9 daily 10 sleep
10 sleep 13 behavior
11 - 13 behavior
12 wake 13 behavior
13 behavior 14 :
14 : 15 activity
14 : 16 shifts
14 : 22 and
14 : 31 .
15 activity 16 shifts
16 shifts 17 to
17 to 20 phase
18 an 20 phase
19 earlier 20 phase
21 , 22 and
22 and 24 consolidation
22 and 29 is
23 the 24 consolidation
24 consolidation 25 of
24 consolidation 29 is
25 of 27 and
26 sleep 27 and
27 and 28 wake
29 is 30 disturbed

although this daily circadian rhythm is brain - controlled , its mechanism is encoded by cell [-] autonomous circadian clocks functioning in nearly every cell of the body . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 encoded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 although 5 rhythm
1 although 6 is
1 although 8 -
1 although 12 mechanism
2 this 3 daily
3 daily 5 rhythm
4 circadian 5 rhythm
5 rhythm 6 is
6 is 7 brain
9 controlled 10 ,
9 controlled 12 mechanism
11 its 12 mechanism
12 mechanism 13 is
13 is 14 encoded
14 encoded 15 by
14 encoded 22 in
15 by 20 clocks
16 cell 20 clocks
18 autonomous 20 clocks
19 circadian 20 clocks
20 clocks 21 functioning
22 in 25 cell
23 nearly 24 every
24 every 25 cell
25 cell 26 of
26 of 28 body
27 the 28 body

in fact , human clock properties measured in peripheral cells such as fibroblasts closely mimic those measured physiologically and behaviorally [in] the same subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 properties
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 mimic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 6 properties
4 human 5 clock
5 clock 6 properties
6 properties 7 measured
6 properties 15 mimic
7 measured 8 in
7 measured 12 as
7 measured 14 closely
8 in 10 cells
9 peripheral 10 cells
11 such 12 as
12 as 13 fibroblasts
15 mimic 19 and
16 those 17 measured
16 those 19 and
17 measured 18 physiologically
19 and 20 behaviorally
19 and 24 subjects
22 the 23 same
23 same 24 subjects

to understand better the molecular mechanisms by which human aging affects circadian clocks , we characterized the clock properties of fibroblasts cultivated from dermal [biopsies] [of] young and older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 to 2 understand
2 understand 3 better
2 understand 6 mechanisms
4 the 6 mechanisms
5 molecular 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 7 by
7 by 8 which
7 by 9 human
7 by 10 aging
7 by 11 affects
8 which 9 human
10 aging 11 affects
11 affects 13 clocks
12 circadian 13 clocks
14 , 15 we
14 , 22 cultivated
15 we 16 characterized
16 characterized 18 clock
17 the 18 clock
18 clock 19 properties
18 clock 22 cultivated
19 properties 20 of
19 properties 22 cultivated
20 of 21 fibroblasts
22 cultivated 23 from
23 from 30 subjects
24 dermal 30 subjects
27 young 28 and
28 and 29 older
28 and 30 subjects

fibroblast period length , amplitude , and phase were identical in the two groups even though behavior was not , thereby suggesting that basic clock properties of peripheral cells do not change during aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
1 fibroblast 2 period
2 period 3 length
3 length 4 ,
4 , 5 amplitude
4 , 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 phase
7 and 9 were
9 were 10 identical
10 identical 11 in
10 identical 16 though
11 in 14 groups
12 the 13 two
13 two 14 groups
15 even 16 though
16 though 17 behavior
16 though 18 was
17 behavior 18 was
18 was 19 not
18 was 22 suggesting
20 , 22 suggesting
21 thereby 22 suggesting
22 suggesting 26 properties
22 suggesting 32 change
22 suggesting 35 .
23 that 24 basic
24 basic 25 clock
25 clock 26 properties
26 properties 27 of
26 properties 30 do
27 of 29 cells
28 peripheral 29 cells
30 do 31 not
30 do 32 change
32 change 33 during
33 during 34 aging

interestingly , measurement of the same cells in the presence of human serum from older donors shortened period length and advanced the phase of cellular circadian rhythms compared with treatment with serum from young subjects , indicating that a circulating factor might alter human chronotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 compared
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 3 measurement
3 measurement 4 of
3 measurement 14 from
3 measurement 28 compared
4 of 7 cells
5 the 6 same
6 same 7 cells
7 cells 8 in
7 cells 11 of
8 in 10 presence
9 the 10 presence
11 of 13 serum
12 human 13 serum
14 from 16 donors
15 older 16 donors
16 donors 20 and
17 shortened 19 length
17 shortened 20 and
18 period 19 length
20 and 21 advanced
20 and 23 phase
22 the 23 phase
23 phase 24 of
24 of 27 rhythms
25 cellular 27 rhythms
26 circadian 27 rhythms
28 compared 29 with
28 compared 31 with
29 with 30 treatment
31 with 32 serum
32 serum 33 from
33 from 35 subjects
34 young 35 subjects
35 subjects 37 indicating
36 , 37 indicating
37 indicating 38 that
37 indicating 46 .
38 that 41 factor
38 that 43 alter
39 a 41 factor
40 circulating 41 factor
41 factor 42 might
42 might 43 alter
43 alter 45 chronotype
44 human 45 chronotype

further experiments demonstrated that this effect is caused by a thermolabile factor present in serum of older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 experiments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 further 2 experiments
2 experiments 3 demonstrated
3 demonstrated 4 that
4 that 6 effect
4 that 8 caused
5 this 6 effect
6 effect 7 is
7 is 8 caused
8 caused 9 by
9 by 12 factor
10 a 11 thermolabile
10 a 12 factor
11 thermolabile 12 factor
12 factor 13 present
12 factor 16 of
13 present 14 in
14 in 15 serum
16 of 18 individuals
17 older 18 individuals

thus , even though the molecular machinery of peripheral circadian clocks does not change with age , some age - related circadian dysfunction observed in vivo might be of hormonal origin and therefore might be pharmacologically remediable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 19 age
2 , 3 even
3 even 4 though
3 even 17 ,
3 even 19 age
4 though 7 machinery
4 though 14 change
5 the 7 machinery
6 molecular 7 machinery
7 machinery 8 of
7 machinery 12 does
8 of 11 clocks
9 peripheral 11 clocks
10 circadian 11 clocks
12 does 13 not
12 does 14 change
14 change 15 with
15 with 16 age
18 some 19 age
19 age 24 observed
19 age 27 might
20 - 21 related
21 related 23 dysfunction
21 related 24 observed
22 circadian 23 dysfunction
25 in 26 vivo
26 vivo 27 might
27 might 32 and
28 be 29 of
28 be 32 and
29 of 31 origin
30 hormonal 31 origin
32 and 34 might
33 therefore 34 might
34 might 35 be
35 be 36 pharmacologically
35 be 37 remediable

multitasking negatively influences the retention of information over brief periods of time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multitasking
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 influences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 multitasking 3 influences
2 negatively 3 influences
3 influences 5 retention
3 influences 8 over
4 the 5 retention
5 retention 6 of
6 of 7 information
8 over 10 periods
9 brief 10 periods
10 periods 11 of
11 of 12 time

this impact of interference on working memory is exacerbated with normal aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 exacerbated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 impact
2 impact 3 of
2 impact 8 is
3 of 4 interference
4 interference 5 on
5 on 6 working
6 working 7 memory
8 is 9 exacerbated
9 exacerbated 10 with
10 with 12 aging
11 normal 12 aging

we used functional mri to investigate the neural basis by which an interruption is more disruptive to working memory performance in older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 mri
2 used 5 to
2 used 17 to
3 functional 4 mri
5 to 6 investigate
6 investigate 9 basis
7 the 9 basis
8 neural 9 basis
9 basis 10 by
10 by 11 which
10 by 13 interruption
10 by 14 is
12 an 13 interruption
13 interruption 14 is
14 is 15 more
14 is 16 disruptive
17 to 18 working
18 working 20 performance
18 working 21 in
19 memory 20 performance
21 in 23 individuals
22 older 23 individuals

younger and older adults engaged in delayed recognition tasks both with [and] [without] interruption by a secondary task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 engaged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 younger 2 and
2 and 3 older
2 and 4 adults
4 adults 5 engaged
5 engaged 6 in
5 engaged 10 both
6 in 9 tasks
7 delayed 8 recognition
8 recognition 9 tasks
10 both 11 with
11 with 14 interruption
14 interruption 15 by
15 by 18 task
16 a 17 secondary
16 a 18 task
17 secondary 18 task

behavioral analysis revealed that working memory performance was more impaired by interruptions in older compared [with] younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 behavioral 6 memory
2 analysis 3 revealed
3 revealed 6 memory
4 that 5 working
5 working 6 memory
6 memory 7 performance
7 performance 8 was
8 was 9 more
8 was 10 impaired
10 impaired 11 by
10 impaired 13 in
11 by 12 interruptions
13 in 18 adults
14 older 18 adults
15 compared 18 adults
17 younger 18 adults

functional connectivity analyses showed that when interrupted , older adults disengaged from a memory maintenance network and reallocated attentional resources toward the interrupting stimulus in a manner consistent with younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 functional 11 disengaged
1 functional 12 from
1 functional 17 and
2 connectivity 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 10 adults
5 that 11 disengaged
6 when 7 interrupted
6 when 10 adults
7 interrupted 8 ,
7 interrupted 9 older
10 adults 11 disengaged
12 from 16 network
13 a 14 memory
13 a 16 network
14 memory 16 network
15 maintenance 16 network
17 and 20 resources
17 and 21 toward
18 reallocated 20 resources
19 attentional 20 resources
21 toward 24 stimulus
22 the 24 stimulus
23 interrupting 24 stimulus
24 stimulus 25 in
24 stimulus 28 consistent
25 in 27 manner
26 a 27 manner
28 consistent 29 with
29 with 31 adults
30 younger 31 adults

however , unlike younger individuals , older adults failed to both disengage from the interruption and reestablish functional connections associated with the disrupted memory network . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 network
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 8 adults
1 however 16 and
1 however 25 network
2 , 3 unlike
3 unlike 5 individuals
3 unlike 6 ,
3 unlike 8 adults
4 younger 5 individuals
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 16 and
9 failed 10 to
9 failed 12 disengage
9 failed 16 and
10 to 12 disengage
11 both 12 disengage
12 disengage 13 from
13 from 15 interruption
14 the 15 interruption
16 and 17 reestablish
17 reestablish 19 connections
17 reestablish 21 with
18 functional 19 connections
19 connections 20 associated
21 with 24 memory
22 the 24 memory
23 disrupted 24 memory

these results suggest that multitasking leads to more significant working memory disruption in older adults because of an interruption recovery failure , manifest as a deficient ability to dynamically switch between functional brain networks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 22 ,
3 suggest 4 that
3 suggest 22 ,
4 that 5 multitasking
4 that 6 leads
5 multitasking 6 leads
6 leads 7 to
6 leads 13 in
6 leads 17 of
7 to 12 disruption
8 more 9 significant
9 significant 12 disruption
10 working 12 disruption
11 memory 12 disruption
13 in 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 because 17 of
17 of 21 failure
18 an 21 failure
19 interruption 20 recovery
20 recovery 21 failure
22 , 23 manifest
22 , 24 as
22 , 28 to
22 , 31 between
24 as 27 ability
25 a 27 ability
26 deficient 27 ability
28 to 30 switch
29 dynamically 30 switch
31 between 34 networks
32 functional 33 brain
33 brain 34 networks

objectives : despite the rapidly increasing prevalence of cohabitation among older adults , the caregiving literature has exclusively focused on formally married individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 16 literature
2 : 19 focused
2 : 24 .
3 despite 7 prevalence
3 despite 13 ,
3 despite 16 literature
4 the 7 prevalence
5 rapidly 6 increasing
6 increasing 7 prevalence
7 prevalence 8 of
8 of 9 cohabitation
9 cohabitation 10 among
10 among 12 adults
11 older 12 adults
14 the 16 literature
15 caregiving 16 literature
16 literature 17 has
17 has 19 focused
18 exclusively 19 focused
19 focused 20 on
20 on 23 individuals
21 formally 22 married
22 married 23 individuals

extending prior work [on] [intra] - couple care , this study contrasts frail cohabitors ' patterns of care receipt from a partner to that of frail spouses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 couple
1 extending 3 work
1 extending 6 -
1 extending 7 couple
2 prior 3 work
7 couple 8 care
8 care 11 study
9 , 11 study
10 this 11 study
11 study 16 patterns
11 study 19 receipt
11 study 28 .
12 contrasts 14 cohabitors
13 frail 14 cohabitors
14 cohabitors 15 '
15 ' 16 patterns
16 patterns 17 of
16 patterns 19 receipt
17 of 18 care
19 receipt 20 from
20 from 22 partner
21 a 22 partner
22 partner 23 to
22 partner 25 of
23 to 24 that
25 of 27 spouses
26 frail 27 spouses

methods : using nationally representative panel data from the health and retirement study ( 2000 , 2002 , 2004 [,] and 2006 ) , we estimate random effects cross - sectional times series models predicting frail cohabitors ' likelihood of receiving partner care compared with their married counterparts ' . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 25 we
2 : 26 estimate
2 : 30 -
3 using 7 data
3 using 8 from
3 using 24 ,
3 using 25 we
4 nationally 5 representative
5 representative 6 panel
6 panel 7 data
8 from 13 study
9 the 13 study
10 health 11 and
11 and 12 retirement
12 retirement 13 study
13 study 15 2000
13 study 17 2002
13 study 21 and
14 ( 15 2000
15 2000 16 ,
16 , 17 2002
17 2002 18 ,
18 , 21 and
19 2004 21 and
21 and 22 2006
21 and 23 )
25 we 26 estimate
26 estimate 28 effects
26 estimate 29 cross
27 random 28 effects
28 effects 29 cross
30 - 34 models
30 - 42 partner
30 - 50 .
31 sectional 33 series
32 times 33 series
33 series 34 models
34 models 35 predicting
34 models 40 of
34 models 42 partner
35 predicting 39 likelihood
36 frail 37 cohabitors
37 cohabitors 38 '
38 ' 39 likelihood
40 of 41 receiving
42 partner 43 care
43 care 44 compared
44 compared 45 with
45 with 49 '
46 their 48 counterparts
47 married 48 counterparts
48 counterparts 49 '

conditional on the receipt of [intra] [-] couple care , we also examine differences in marital and nonmarital partners ' caregiving hours and caregiving involvement relative to other helpers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 conditional 2 on
1 conditional 10 ,
1 conditional 11 we
2 on 4 receipt
3 the 4 receipt
4 receipt 5 of
5 of 9 care
8 couple 9 care
11 we 13 examine
12 also 13 examine
13 examine 23 and
14 differences 15 in
14 differences 23 and
15 in 22 hours
16 marital 17 and
17 and 18 nonmarital
17 and 19 partners
19 partners 20 '
20 ' 22 hours
21 caregiving 22 hours
23 and 25 involvement
23 and 26 relative
24 caregiving 25 involvement
26 relative 27 to
27 to 29 helpers
28 other 29 helpers

results : net of sociodemographic , disability , and comorbidity factors , we find that cohabitors are less likely to receive partner care than married individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 : 3 net
2 : 12 ,
3 net 4 of
4 of 9 and
5 sociodemographic 6 ,
5 sociodemographic 7 disability
7 disability 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 11 factors
9 and 12 ,
10 comorbidity 11 factors
12 , 13 we
12 , 14 find
13 we 14 find
14 find 15 that
15 that 16 cohabitors
15 that 17 are
16 cohabitors 17 are
17 are 18 less
17 are 19 likely
19 likely 20 to
19 likely 24 than
20 to 21 receive
21 receive 23 care
22 partner 23 care
24 than 26 individuals
25 married 26 individuals

however , caregiving nonmarital partners provide as many hours of care as spouses while providing a substantially larger share of disabled respondents ' care than marital partners . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 partners
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 partners
3 caregiving 5 partners
4 nonmarital 5 partners
5 partners 6 provide
6 provide 9 hours
6 provide 12 as
6 provide 14 while
7 as 8 many
8 many 9 hours
9 hours 10 of
10 of 11 care
12 as 13 spouses
14 while 15 providing
15 providing 19 share
15 providing 25 than
16 a 19 share
17 substantially 18 larger
18 larger 19 share
19 share 20 of
20 of 24 care
21 disabled 22 respondents
22 respondents 23 '
23 ' 24 care
25 than 27 partners
26 marital 27 partners

discussion : cohabitation and marriage have distinct implications for older adults ' patterns of partner care receipt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 6 have
2 : 18 .
3 cohabitation 4 and
4 and 5 marriage
4 and 6 have
6 have 8 implications
7 distinct 8 implications
8 implications 9 for
8 implications 13 patterns
8 implications 17 receipt
9 for 12 '
10 older 11 adults
11 adults 12 '
13 patterns 14 of
13 patterns 17 receipt
14 of 16 care
15 partner 16 care

this study adds weight to a growing body of research emphasizing the importance of accounting for older adults ' nontraditional union forms [and] of examining the ramifications of cohabitation for older adults ' well - being . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 adds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 -
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 adds
3 adds 4 weight
3 adds 30 for
4 weight 5 to
4 weight 9 of
5 to 8 body
6 a 8 body
7 growing 8 body
9 of 10 research
10 research 11 emphasizing
10 research 14 of
11 emphasizing 13 importance
12 the 13 importance
14 of 15 accounting
15 accounting 16 for
16 for 22 forms
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 '
19 ' 22 forms
20 nontraditional 21 union
21 union 22 forms
22 forms 24 of
22 forms 28 of
24 of 25 examining
25 examining 27 ramifications
26 the 27 ramifications
28 of 29 cohabitation
30 for 34 well
31 older 32 adults
32 adults 33 '
33 ' 34 well
35 - 36 being
35 - 37 .

this article introduces the special issue of ['] social cognitive and affective neuroscience ['] on aging research , and offers a broad conceptual and methodological framework for considering advances in life course research in social neuroscience and neuroeconomics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 19 and
3 introduces 6 issue
3 introduces 15 on
3 introduces 19 and
4 the 6 issue
5 special 6 issue
6 issue 7 of
7 of 11 and
9 social 10 cognitive
10 cognitive 11 and
11 and 13 neuroscience
12 affective 13 neuroscience
15 on 17 research
16 aging 17 research
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 offers
19 and 27 for
20 offers 26 framework
21 a 22 broad
21 a 26 framework
22 broad 26 framework
23 conceptual 24 and
24 and 25 methodological
24 and 26 framework
27 for 28 considering
28 considering 29 advances
28 considering 37 and
29 advances 30 in
30 in 31 life
32 course 33 research
33 research 34 in
33 research 37 and
34 in 36 neuroscience
35 social 36 neuroscience
37 and 38 neuroeconomics

the authors highlight key areas of inquiry where aging research is raising new insights about how to conceptualize and examine critical questions about the links between cognition , emotion and motivation in social and economic behavior , as well as challenges that need to be addressed when taking a life course perspective in these fields . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 highlight
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 highlight
3 highlight 5 areas
4 key 5 areas
5 areas 6 of
5 areas 8 where
5 areas 12 raising
6 of 7 inquiry
8 where 10 research
8 where 11 is
9 aging 10 research
10 research 11 is
12 raising 14 insights
12 raising 15 about
12 raising 40 as
13 new 14 insights
15 about 16 how
16 how 17 to
16 how 19 and
17 to 19 and
18 conceptualize 19 and
19 and 20 examine
19 and 23 about
20 examine 22 questions
21 critical 22 questions
23 about 30 and
24 the 25 links
25 links 26 between
25 links 28 ,
26 between 27 cognition
28 , 29 emotion
28 , 30 and
30 and 31 motivation
30 and 37 ,
31 motivation 32 in
32 in 36 behavior
33 social 34 and
34 and 35 economic
34 and 36 behavior
38 as 39 well
39 well 40 as
40 as 41 challenges
41 challenges 42 that
41 challenges 43 need
42 that 43 need
43 need 44 to
43 need 56 .
44 to 45 be
45 be 46 addressed
46 addressed 47 when
46 addressed 53 in
47 when 48 taking
48 taking 52 perspective
49 a 50 life
49 a 52 perspective
50 life 51 course
51 course 52 perspective
53 in 55 fields
54 these 55 fields

neuroplasticity can be defined as the ability of the nervous system to respond to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure , function and connections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neuroplasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 respond
1 neuroplasticity 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 defined
4 defined 5 as
5 as 7 ability
6 the 7 ability
7 ability 8 of
7 ability 12 to
7 ability 13 respond
8 of 11 system
9 the 11 system
10 nervous 11 system
12 to 13 respond
13 respond 14 to
13 respond 27 .
14 to 25 and
15 intrinsic 16 or
16 or 17 extrinsic
16 or 18 stimuli
18 stimuli 19 by
18 stimuli 23 ,
19 by 20 reorganizing
20 reorganizing 22 structure
21 its 22 structure
23 , 24 function
23 , 25 and
25 and 26 connections

major advances in the understanding of neuroplasticity have to date [yielded] few established interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 major 2 advances
2 advances 3 in
2 advances 8 have
3 in 5 understanding
4 the 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 7 neuroplasticity
8 have 9 to
8 have 10 date
9 to 10 date
10 date 14 interventions
12 few 14 interventions
13 established 14 interventions

to advance the translation of neuroplasticity research towards clinical applications , the national institutes of health blueprint for neuroscience research sponsored a workshop in 2009 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 advance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 to 2 advance
2 advance 4 translation
2 advance 8 towards
3 the 4 translation
4 translation 5 of
5 of 7 research
6 neuroplasticity 7 research
8 towards 10 applications
9 clinical 10 applications
11 , 14 institutes
11 , 21 sponsored
12 the 14 institutes
13 national 14 institutes
14 institutes 15 of
14 institutes 21 sponsored
15 of 17 blueprint
16 health 17 blueprint
17 blueprint 18 for
18 for 20 research
19 neuroscience 20 research
21 sponsored 23 workshop
21 sponsored 24 in
22 a 23 workshop
24 in 25 2009

basic and clinical researchers in disciplines from central nervous system injury/stroke , mental/addictive disorders , paediatric/developmental disorders and neurodegeneration/ageing identified cardinal examples of neuroplasticity , underlying mechanisms , therapeutic implications and common denominators . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 basic 2 and
2 and 3 clinical
2 and 4 researchers
4 researchers 5 in
4 researchers 7 from
4 researchers 20 identified
5 in 6 disciplines
7 from 18 and
8 central 10 system
9 nervous 10 system
10 system 11 injury/stroke
11 injury/stroke 12 ,
12 , 14 disorders
12 , 15 ,
13 mental/addictive 14 disorders
15 , 17 disorders
15 , 18 and
16 paediatric/developmental 17 disorders
18 and 19 neurodegeneration/ageing
20 identified 22 examples
21 cardinal 22 examples
22 examples 23 of
23 of 31 and
24 neuroplasticity 25 ,
25 , 27 mechanisms
25 , 28 ,
26 underlying 27 mechanisms
28 , 30 implications
28 , 31 and
29 therapeutic 30 implications
31 and 33 denominators
32 common 33 denominators

promising therapies that may enhance training - induced cognitive and motor learning , such as brain stimulation and neuropharmacological interventions , were identified , along with questions of how best to use this body of information to reduce human disability . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 promising
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
1 promising 2 therapies
1 promising 3 that
1 promising 21 ,
4 may 5 enhance
4 may 21 ,
5 enhance 6 training
5 enhance 15 as
6 training 8 induced
7 - 8 induced
8 induced 10 and
8 induced 13 ,
9 cognitive 10 and
10 and 12 learning
11 motor 12 learning
14 such 15 as
15 as 18 and
16 brain 17 stimulation
17 stimulation 18 and
18 and 20 interventions
19 neuropharmacological 20 interventions
21 , 22 were
21 , 26 with
22 were 23 identified
24 , 26 with
25 along 26 with
26 with 27 questions
26 with 41 .
27 questions 28 of
27 questions 31 to
27 questions 38 reduce
28 of 29 how
30 best 31 to
31 to 32 use
32 use 34 body
32 use 37 to
32 use 38 reduce
33 this 34 body
34 body 35 of
35 of 36 information
37 to 38 reduce
38 reduce 40 disability
39 human 40 disability

improved understanding of adaptive mechanisms at every level , from molecules to synapses , [to] networks , to behaviour , can be gained from iterative collaborations between basic and clinical researchers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 gained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 improved 2 understanding
2 understanding 3 of
2 understanding 21 can
3 of 5 mechanisms
4 adaptive 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 at
6 at 8 level
7 every 8 level
8 level 10 from
8 level 18 to
9 , 10 from
10 from 11 molecules
10 from 17 ,
11 molecules 12 to
11 molecules 14 ,
12 to 14 ,
13 synapses 14 ,
14 , 16 networks
17 , 18 to
18 to 19 behaviour
18 to 20 ,
21 can 22 be
22 be 23 gained
23 gained 24 from
23 gained 27 between
24 from 26 collaborations
25 iterative 26 collaborations
27 between 31 researchers
28 basic 29 and
29 and 30 clinical
29 and 31 researchers

lessons can be gleaned from studying fields related to plasticity , such as development , critical periods , learning and response to disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lessons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 gleaned
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 lessons 2 can
2 can 3 be
3 be 4 gleaned
4 gleaned 5 from
5 from 6 studying
6 studying 20 and
6 studying 22 to
7 fields 8 related
7 fields 19 learning
7 fields 20 and
8 related 9 to
9 to 10 plasticity
10 plasticity 13 as
10 plasticity 17 periods
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 14 development
13 as 15 ,
15 , 17 periods
16 critical 17 periods
17 periods 18 ,
20 and 21 response
22 to 23 disease

improved means of assessing neuroplasticity in humans , including biomarkers for predicting and monitoring treatment response , are needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 means
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 improved 2 means
2 means 3 of
2 means 18 are
3 of 4 assessing
4 assessing 5 neuroplasticity
4 assessing 6 in
4 assessing 9 including
6 in 7 humans
8 , 9 including
9 including 10 biomarkers
9 including 17 ,
10 biomarkers 11 for
11 for 13 and
12 predicting 13 and
13 and 16 response
14 monitoring 15 treatment
15 treatment 16 response
18 are 19 needed

neuroplasticity occurs with many variations , in many forms , and in many contexts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neuroplasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 occurs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 neuroplasticity 2 occurs
2 occurs 11 and
3 with 5 variations
3 with 11 and
4 many 5 variations
5 variations 7 in
6 , 7 in
7 in 9 forms
7 in 10 ,
8 many 9 forms
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 in
12 in 14 contexts
13 many 14 contexts

however , common themes in plasticity that emerge across diverse central nervous system conditions include experience dependence , time sensitivity and the importance of motivation and attention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 themes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 themes
3 common 4 themes
4 themes 5 in
4 themes 7 that
4 themes 8 emerge
4 themes 15 include
5 in 6 plasticity
7 that 8 emerge
8 emerge 9 across
9 across 14 conditions
10 diverse 13 system
11 central 13 system
12 nervous 13 system
13 system 14 conditions
15 include 21 and
16 experience 17 dependence
17 dependence 18 ,
18 , 20 sensitivity
18 , 21 and
19 time 20 sensitivity
21 and 23 importance
21 and 24 of
22 the 23 importance
24 of 26 and
25 motivation 26 and
26 and 27 attention

integration of information across disciplines should enhance opportunities for the translation of neuroplasticity and circuit retraining research into effective clinical therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 integration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 enhance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 integration 2 of
1 integration 6 should
2 of 3 information
3 information 4 across
4 across 5 disciplines
6 should 7 enhance
7 enhance 8 opportunities
7 enhance 9 for
9 for 14 and
10 the 11 translation
11 translation 12 of
11 translation 14 and
12 of 13 neuroplasticity
14 and 15 circuit
14 and 16 retraining
16 retraining 17 research
16 retraining 18 into
18 into 21 therapies
19 effective 21 therapies
20 clinical 21 therapies

previous twin studies report no heritability of parkinson 's disease ( pd ) based on cross sectional information . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 previous 2 twin
2 twin 3 studies
3 studies 4 report
4 report 6 heritability
5 no 6 heritability
6 heritability 7 of
6 heritability 14 based
7 of 10 disease
8 parkinson 9 's
9 's 10 disease
10 disease 12 pd
11 ( 12 pd
12 pd 13 )
14 based 15 on
15 on 18 information
16 cross 18 information
17 sectional 18 information

here , we apply a longitudinal design and [re] [-] evaluate cross sectional data in the population - based swedish twin registry ( str ) using clinical as well as hospital discharge and cause of death diagnoses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 8 and
4 apply 7 design
4 apply 8 and
5 a 6 longitudinal
5 a 7 design
6 longitudinal 7 design
8 and 11 evaluate
8 and 26 using
8 and 37 diagnoses
11 evaluate 14 data
11 evaluate 15 in
12 cross 14 data
13 sectional 14 data
15 in 17 population
16 the 17 population
17 population 24 str
18 - 24 str
19 based 24 str
20 swedish 24 str
21 twin 22 registry
22 registry 24 str
23 ( 24 str
24 str 25 )
26 using 33 and
27 clinical 30 as
27 clinical 33 and
28 as 29 well
29 well 30 as
30 as 32 discharge
31 hospital 32 discharge
33 and 34 cause
33 and 35 of
35 of 36 death

in the longitudinal analyses ( based on 46,436 individuals ) , we identified 542 twins with pd and 65 twins with parkinsonism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 4 analyses
1 in 11 ,
1 in 12 we
2 the 4 analyses
3 longitudinal 4 analyses
4 analyses 6 based
5 ( 6 based
6 based 7 on
6 based 10 )
7 on 9 individuals
8 46,436 9 individuals
12 we 13 identified
13 identified 15 twins
13 identified 16 with
13 identified 21 with
14 542 15 twins
16 with 18 and
17 pd 18 and
18 and 20 twins
19 65 20 twins
21 with 22 parkinsonism

concordance rates for pd were 11 % for [monozygotic] [and] 4 % for same - sexed dizygotic twin pairs , with a heritability estimate of 34 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 concordance 2 rates
2 rates 3 for
2 rates 5 were
3 for 4 pd
5 were 7 %
5 were 8 for
6 11 7 %
8 for 12 %
11 4 12 %
12 % 13 for
12 % 21 with
12 % 25 of
13 for 14 same
14 same 19 pairs
15 - 19 pairs
16 sexed 18 twin
17 dizygotic 18 twin
18 twin 19 pairs
19 pairs 20 ,
21 with 24 estimate
22 a 24 estimate
23 heritability 24 estimate
25 of 27 %
26 34 27 %

concordance rates for pd or parkinsonism were 13 % for [monozygotic] [and] 5 % for same - sexed dizygotic twin pairs , with a heritability estimate of 40 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 concordance 2 rates
2 rates 3 for
2 rates 5 or
3 for 4 pd
5 or 6 parkinsonism
5 or 7 were
7 were 9 %
7 were 23 with
8 13 9 %
9 % 10 for
9 % 21 pairs
10 for 14 %
13 5 14 %
14 % 15 for
15 for 16 same
17 - 21 pairs
18 sexed 20 twin
19 dizygotic 20 twin
20 twin 21 pairs
21 pairs 22 ,
23 with 26 estimate
24 a 26 estimate
25 heritability 26 estimate
26 estimate 27 of
27 of 29 %
28 40 29 %

in the cross sectional analyses ( based on 49,814 individuals ) , we identified 287 twins with pd and 79 twins with parkinsonism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 5 analyses
1 in 12 ,
1 in 13 we
2 the 5 analyses
3 cross 5 analyses
4 sectional 5 analyses
5 analyses 7 based
6 ( 7 based
7 based 8 on
7 based 11 )
8 on 10 individuals
9 49,814 10 individuals
13 we 14 identified
14 identified 16 twins
14 identified 17 with
14 identified 22 with
15 287 16 twins
17 with 19 and
18 pd 19 and
19 and 21 twins
20 79 21 twins
22 with 23 parkinsonism

concordance rates for pd were 4 % for monozygotic and [same] [-] sexed dizygotic twin pairs and 0 for opposite - sexed twin pairs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 concordance 2 rates
2 rates 3 for
2 rates 5 were
3 for 4 pd
5 were 17 and
6 4 7 %
6 4 17 and
7 % 8 for
7 % 16 pairs
8 for 10 and
9 monozygotic 10 and
10 and 15 twin
13 sexed 15 twin
14 dizygotic 15 twin
17 and 18 0
17 and 19 for
19 for 24 pairs
20 opposite 21 -
20 opposite 24 pairs
22 sexed 23 twin
23 twin 24 pairs

concordance rates for pd or parkinsonism were somewhat higher but the heritability estimate was nonsignificant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 concordance 2 rates
2 rates 3 for
2 rates 7 were
3 for 5 or
4 pd 5 or
5 or 6 parkinsonism
7 were 8 somewhat
7 were 9 higher
10 but 13 estimate
10 but 15 nonsignificant
11 the 13 estimate
12 heritability 13 estimate
13 estimate 14 was
14 was 15 nonsignificant

our longitudinal analyses demonstrate that pd and parkinsonism are modestly heritable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 our 3 analyses
2 longitudinal 3 analyses
3 analyses 4 demonstrate
4 demonstrate 5 that
5 that 7 and
5 that 9 are
6 pd 7 and
7 and 8 parkinsonism
7 and 9 are
9 are 10 modestly
9 are 11 heritable

epigenetic modifications help orchestrate sweeping developmental , aging , and disease - causing changes in phenotype by altering transcriptional activity in multiple genes spanning multiple biologic pathways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 modifications
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 epigenetic 2 modifications
2 modifications 3 help
3 help 4 orchestrate
4 orchestrate 5 sweeping
5 sweeping 10 and
5 sweeping 16 phenotype
6 developmental 7 ,
7 , 8 aging
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 disease
10 and 12 -
10 and 13 causing
10 and 14 changes
10 and 16 phenotype
13 causing 14 changes
14 changes 15 in
16 phenotype 17 by
16 phenotype 21 in
17 by 18 altering
18 altering 20 activity
19 transcriptional 20 activity
21 in 23 genes
22 multiple 23 genes
23 genes 24 spanning
24 spanning 27 pathways
25 multiple 27 pathways
26 biologic 27 pathways

although previous epigenetic research has focused primarily on dividing cells , particularly in cancer , recent studies have shown rapid , dynamic , and persistent epigenetic modifications in neurons that have significant neuroendocrine , neurophysiologic , and neurodegenerative consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 although 4 research
1 although 6 focused
1 although 11 ,
1 although 17 studies
2 previous 4 research
3 epigenetic 4 research
4 research 5 has
5 has 6 focused
6 focused 7 primarily
7 primarily 8 on
8 on 9 dividing
9 dividing 10 cells
11 , 12 particularly
11 , 13 in
13 in 14 cancer
13 in 15 ,
13 in 17 studies
16 recent 17 studies
17 studies 18 have
18 have 19 shown
19 shown 24 and
19 shown 27 modifications
19 shown 28 in
20 rapid 21 ,
21 , 22 dynamic
21 , 24 and
23 , 24 and
24 and 25 persistent
26 epigenetic 27 modifications
28 in 29 neurons
29 neurons 30 that
29 neurons 31 have
30 that 31 have
31 have 33 neuroendocrine
32 significant 33 neuroendocrine
34 , 39 consequences
35 neurophysiologic 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 neurodegenerative
37 and 39 consequences

here , we provide a review of the major mechanisms for epigenetic modification and how they are reportedly altered in aging and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 22 and
5 a 6 review
6 review 7 of
6 review 14 and
7 of 10 mechanisms
8 the 10 mechanisms
9 major 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 for
11 for 13 modification
12 epigenetic 13 modification
14 and 15 how
14 and 16 they
14 and 21 aging
14 and 22 and
16 they 17 are
17 are 19 altered
18 reportedly 19 altered
19 altered 20 in
20 in 21 aging
22 and 25 disease
22 and 27 ad
23 alzheimer 24 's
24 's 25 disease
26 ( 27 ad
27 ad 28 )

because of their reach across the genome , epigenetic mechanisms may provide a unique integrative framework for the pathologic diversity and complexity of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 because 2 of
1 because 8 ,
1 because 10 mechanisms
2 of 4 reach
3 their 4 reach
4 reach 5 across
5 across 7 genome
6 the 7 genome
9 epigenetic 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 may
11 may 12 provide
12 provide 16 framework
12 provide 17 for
13 a 16 framework
14 unique 16 framework
15 integrative 16 framework
17 for 21 and
18 the 20 diversity
19 pathologic 20 diversity
20 diversity 21 and
21 and 22 complexity
21 and 23 of
23 of 24 ad

we examined the associations between extracerebral markers of cholesterol homeostasis and cognitive decline over 6 years of follow - up , and studied the modifying effect of apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) [e4] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 22 and
2 examined 4 associations
2 examined 18 follow
2 examined 22 and
3 the 4 associations
4 associations 5 between
4 associations 8 of
4 associations 11 and
4 associations 17 of
4 associations 18 follow
5 between 7 markers
6 extracerebral 7 markers
8 of 9 cholesterol
10 homeostasis 11 and
11 and 12 cognitive
11 and 13 decline
13 decline 16 years
14 over 15 6
15 6 16 years
16 years 17 of
18 follow 20 up
19 - 20 up
20 up 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 studied
23 studied 26 effect
24 the 26 effect
25 modifying 26 effect
26 effect 27 of
26 effect 31 apoe
27 of 28 apolipoprotein
28 apolipoprotein 29 e
30 ( 31 apoe
31 apoe 32 )

data were collected in the longitudinal aging study amsterdam ( n = 967 , with longitudinal data on cognition , ages ≥ 65 years ) and analyzed using linear mixed models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 data 26 and
2 were 3 collected
2 were 26 and
3 collected 4 in
3 collected 12 =
3 collected 15 with
3 collected 18 on
4 in 9 amsterdam
5 the 9 amsterdam
6 longitudinal 7 aging
7 aging 8 study
8 study 9 amsterdam
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 967
12 = 14 ,
15 with 17 data
16 longitudinal 17 data
18 on 19 cognition
19 cognition 24 years
20 , 24 years
21 ages 24 years
22 ≥ 24 years
23 65 24 years
24 years 25 )
26 and 27 analyzed
26 and 28 using
28 using 31 models
29 linear 31 models
30 mixed 31 models

general cognition [(] mini - mental state examination ; mmse [ )(, memory ( auditory verbal learning test ) , and information processing speed ( coding [task] ) were measured . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mini
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 general 4 mini
2 cognition 4 mini
5 - 8 examination
5 - 9 ;
6 mental 7 state
7 state 8 examination
9 ; 21 and
9 ; 29 were
10 mmse 13 memory
10 mmse 21 and
12 )(, 13 memory
13 memory 18 test
13 memory 20 ,
14 ( 18 test
15 auditory 16 verbal
16 verbal 17 learning
17 learning 18 test
18 test 19 )
21 and 22 information
21 and 23 processing
21 and 26 coding
21 and 29 were
23 processing 24 speed
25 ( 26 coding
26 coding 28 )
29 were 30 measured

the results show that apoe e4 was a significant effect modifier . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 6 e4
4 that 7 was
5 apoe 6 e4
6 e4 7 was
7 was 11 modifier
8 a 9 significant
8 a 11 modifier
9 significant 10 effect
10 effect 11 modifier

significant associations were found only in apoe e4 noncarriers ( n = 718 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 significant 2 associations
2 associations 3 were
3 were 4 found
4 found 5 only
5 only 6 in
6 in 9 noncarriers
7 apoe 9 noncarriers
8 e4 9 noncarriers
9 noncarriers 12 =
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 718
12 = 14 )

we found a nonlinear negative association between the ratio of lanosterol to cholesterol ( [≤] 189.96 ng/mg ) , a marker for cholesterol synthesis , and general cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 6 association
2 found 7 between
2 found 12 to
3 a 4 nonlinear
3 a 6 association
4 nonlinear 6 association
5 negative 6 association
7 between 9 ratio
8 the 9 ratio
9 ratio 10 of
10 of 11 lanosterol
12 to 13 cholesterol
13 cholesterol 17 ng/mg
14 ( 17 ng/mg
16 189.96 17 ng/mg
17 ng/mg 18 )
19 , 26 and
20 a 21 marker
21 marker 22 for
21 marker 26 and
22 for 24 synthesis
23 cholesterol 24 synthesis
25 , 26 and
26 and 28 cognition
27 general 28 cognition

lower cholesterol absorption , i.e . [,] lower ratios of campesterol and sitosterol to cholesterol , as well as a higher rate of cholesterol synthesis relative to absorption were associated with lower information processing speed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 lower
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 i.e
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 lower 3 absorption
2 cholesterol 3 absorption
4 , 5 i.e
6 . 12 and
8 lower 9 ratios
9 ratios 10 of
9 ratios 12 and
10 of 11 campesterol
12 and 13 sitosterol
12 and 14 to
14 to 15 cholesterol
15 cholesterol 19 as
16 , 19 as
17 as 18 well
18 well 19 as
19 as 22 rate
19 as 36 .
20 a 22 rate
21 higher 22 rate
22 rate 23 of
22 rate 25 synthesis
22 rate 34 processing
23 of 24 cholesterol
25 synthesis 26 relative
25 synthesis 29 were
26 relative 27 to
27 to 28 absorption
29 were 30 associated
30 associated 31 with
31 with 33 information
32 lower 33 information
33 information 34 processing
34 processing 35 speed

in apoe e4 carriers , the negative association between the ratio of campesterol to cholesterol and memory reached borderline significance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 reached
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 2 apoe
1 in 16 and
3 e4 4 carriers
4 carriers 5 ,
5 , 8 association
5 , 16 and
6 the 8 association
7 negative 8 association
8 association 9 between
8 association 12 of
9 between 11 ratio
10 the 11 ratio
12 of 13 campesterol
13 campesterol 14 to
14 to 15 cholesterol
16 and 17 memory
16 and 18 reached
18 reached 20 significance
19 borderline 20 significance

future research should focus on the interaction [between] ( disturbed ) cholesterol homeostasis and apoe e4 status with respect to dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 should
3 should 4 focus
4 focus 5 on
4 focus 17 status
4 focus 18 with
4 focus 20 to
5 on 7 interaction
6 the 7 interaction
7 interaction 10 disturbed
9 ( 10 disturbed
10 disturbed 11 )
12 cholesterol 16 e4
13 homeostasis 14 and
14 and 15 apoe
14 and 16 e4
16 e4 17 status
18 with 19 respect
20 to 21 dementia

background : relationship between respiratory morbidity and influenza virus has been well - documented in infants , whatever their age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 relationship
3 relationship 4 between
4 between 7 and
5 respiratory 6 morbidity
6 morbidity 7 and
7 and 8 influenza
7 and 9 virus
7 and 12 well
9 virus 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 well
12 well 14 documented
12 well 18 whatever
13 - 14 documented
14 documented 15 in
14 documented 17 ,
15 in 16 infants
18 whatever 19 their
18 whatever 20 age
19 their 20 age

however , in spite of severe cardiac and respiratory events of central origin , autonomic dysfunction potentially induced by this virus is poorly understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 dysfunction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 16 dysfunction
3 in 4 spite
3 in 14 ,
3 in 16 dysfunction
4 spite 5 of
5 of 10 events
6 severe 10 events
7 cardiac 8 and
8 and 9 respiratory
8 and 10 events
10 events 11 of
11 of 13 origin
12 central 13 origin
15 autonomic 16 dysfunction
16 dysfunction 18 induced
16 dysfunction 22 is
17 potentially 18 induced
18 induced 19 by
19 by 21 virus
20 this 21 virus
22 is 24 understood
23 poorly 24 understood

we thus explored the autonomic nervous [system] ( ans ) profile of infected infants during the 2009 pandemic influenza disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 3 explored
2 thus 3 explored
3 explored 11 profile
3 explored 15 during
4 the 11 profile
5 autonomic 11 profile
6 nervous 9 ans
6 nervous 11 profile
8 ( 9 ans
9 ans 10 )
11 profile 12 of
12 of 14 infants
13 infected 14 infants
15 during 20 disease
16 the 20 disease
17 2009 20 disease
18 pandemic 20 disease
19 influenza 20 disease

the same recordings were performed in 10 control subjects , paired for gestational and postnatal age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recordings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 same
2 same 3 recordings
3 recordings 4 were
4 were 10 ,
5 performed 6 in
5 performed 10 ,
6 in 9 subjects
7 10 9 subjects
8 control 9 subjects
10 , 11 paired
10 , 12 for
12 for 16 age
13 gestational 14 and
14 and 15 postnatal
14 and 16 age

hrv sympathetic and parasympathetic ( vlf , lf and hf ) indices were obtained using spectral - domain analysis , and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity ( sbr ) using simultaneous [non] - invasive continuous measure [of] arterial pressure and heart rate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 indices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 hrv 12 indices
2 sympathetic 3 and
3 and 4 parasympathetic
3 and 6 vlf
3 and 10 hf
3 and 12 indices
5 ( 6 vlf
6 vlf 7 ,
7 , 10 hf
8 lf 9 and
9 and 10 hf
10 hf 11 )
12 indices 13 were
13 were 14 obtained
14 obtained 15 using
14 obtained 28 using
15 using 24 sensitivity
16 spectral 17 -
16 spectral 24 sensitivity
18 domain 19 analysis
19 analysis 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 spontaneous
21 and 24 sensitivity
23 baroreflex 24 sensitivity
24 sensitivity 26 sbr
25 ( 26 sbr
26 sbr 27 )
28 using 38 and
29 simultaneous 31 -
29 simultaneous 34 measure
32 invasive 34 measure
33 continuous 34 measure
34 measure 37 pressure
36 arterial 37 pressure
37 pressure 38 and
38 and 40 rate
39 heart 40 rate

results : the group of infants less than 1 year had similar value as control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 6 infants
3 the 4 group
4 group 5 of
4 group 6 infants
5 of 6 infants
6 infants 10 year
6 infants 16 group
7 less 8 than
8 than 9 1
9 1 10 year
10 year 11 had
11 had 13 value
11 had 14 as
11 had 16 group
12 similar 13 value
14 as 15 control

conclusion : nvh1n1 infection in child could be associated with severe central autonomic dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 infection
2 : 9 associated
2 : 15 .
3 nvh1n1 4 infection
4 infection 5 in
4 infection 7 could
5 in 6 child
7 could 8 be
8 be 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 14 dysfunction
11 severe 14 dysfunction
12 central 14 dysfunction
13 autonomic 14 dysfunction

due to potential severe consequences , a systematic evaluation of autonomic regulation should be performed in order to avoid dramatic events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 evaluation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 due 2 to
2 to 5 consequences
2 to 6 ,
2 to 9 evaluation
3 potential 5 consequences
4 severe 5 consequences
7 a 8 systematic
7 a 9 evaluation
8 systematic 9 evaluation
9 evaluation 10 of
9 evaluation 13 should
10 of 12 regulation
11 autonomic 12 regulation
13 should 14 be
14 be 15 performed
15 performed 16 in
16 in 17 order
17 order 18 to
17 order 19 avoid
18 to 19 avoid
19 avoid 21 events
20 dramatic 21 events

purpose : the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how informatics applications can support the assessment and visualization of older adults ' wellness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 is
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 is
5 of 7 paper
6 this 7 paper
8 is 9 to
8 is 24 wellness
9 to 10 demonstrate
10 demonstrate 11 how
11 how 13 applications
11 how 15 support
12 informatics 13 applications
13 applications 14 can
14 can 15 support
15 support 18 and
16 the 17 assessment
17 assessment 18 and
18 and 19 visualization
18 and 20 of
20 of 23 '
21 older 22 adults
22 adults 23 '

a theoretical framework [is] presented that informs the design of a technology enhanced screening platform [for] wellness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 enhanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 theoretical
1 a 3 framework
2 theoretical 3 framework
3 framework 5 presented
3 framework 6 that
3 framework 7 informs
3 framework 13 enhanced
6 that 7 informs
7 informs 9 design
8 the 9 design
9 design 10 of
10 of 12 technology
11 a 12 technology
13 enhanced 17 wellness
14 screening 17 wellness
15 platform 17 wellness

we highlight an ongoing pilot demonstration in an assisted living facility where a community room has been converted into a living laboratory for the use of diverse technologies ( including a telehealth component to capture vital signs and customized questionnaires , a gait analysis component and cognitive assessment software ) to assess the multiple aspects of wellness of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 highlight
1 we 2 highlight
2 highlight 6 demonstration
2 highlight 7 in
2 highlight 23 for
3 an 4 ongoing
3 an 6 demonstration
4 ongoing 6 demonstration
5 pilot 6 demonstration
7 in 11 facility
8 an 11 facility
9 assisted 11 facility
10 living 11 facility
11 facility 12 where
12 where 15 room
12 where 18 converted
13 a 15 room
14 community 15 room
15 room 16 has
16 has 17 been
17 been 18 converted
18 converted 19 into
19 into 22 laboratory
20 a 22 laboratory
21 living 22 laboratory
23 for 25 use
24 the 25 use
25 use 26 of
25 use 30 including
26 of 28 technologies
27 diverse 28 technologies
29 ( 30 including
30 including 32 telehealth
30 including 51 to
30 including 61 .
31 a 32 telehealth
32 telehealth 33 component
32 telehealth 46 and
33 component 34 to
33 component 35 capture
34 to 35 capture
35 capture 38 and
36 vital 37 signs
37 signs 38 and
38 and 40 questionnaires
38 and 41 ,
39 customized 40 questionnaires
41 , 46 and
42 a 45 component
43 gait 44 analysis
44 analysis 45 component
45 component 46 and
46 and 49 software
46 and 50 )
47 cognitive 48 assessment
48 assessment 49 software
51 to 52 assess
52 assess 55 aspects
53 the 55 aspects
54 multiple 55 aspects
55 aspects 56 of
55 aspects 58 of
56 of 57 wellness
58 of 60 adults
59 older 60 adults

methods : a demonstration project was introduced in an independent retirement community to validate our theoretical framework of informatics and wellness assessment for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 validate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 5 project
2 : 7 introduced
3 a 5 project
4 demonstration 5 project
5 project 6 was
6 was 7 introduced
7 introduced 8 in
7 introduced 13 to
8 in 12 community
9 an 10 independent
9 an 12 community
10 independent 11 retirement
11 retirement 12 community
13 to 14 validate
14 validate 17 framework
15 our 17 framework
16 theoretical 17 framework
17 framework 18 of
18 of 20 and
19 informatics 20 and
20 and 22 assessment
20 and 23 for
21 wellness 22 assessment
23 for 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

subjects are being recruited to attend a community room and engage in the use of diverse technologies to assess cognitive performance , physiological and gait variables as well as psychometrics pertaining to social and spiritual components of wellness for a period of eight weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 subjects 2 are
2 are 3 being
3 being 4 recruited
4 recruited 5 to
4 recruited 12 in
4 recruited 27 as
5 to 10 and
6 attend 9 room
6 attend 10 and
7 a 9 room
8 community 9 room
10 and 11 engage
12 in 24 and
13 the 14 use
14 use 15 of
14 use 22 ,
15 of 17 technologies
16 diverse 17 technologies
17 technologies 18 to
17 technologies 19 assess
18 to 19 assess
19 assess 21 performance
20 cognitive 21 performance
22 , 23 physiological
22 , 24 and
24 and 26 variables
25 gait 26 variables
27 as 28 well
28 well 29 as
28 well 31 pertaining
28 well 37 of
29 as 30 psychometrics
31 pertaining 32 to
32 to 36 components
33 social 34 and
34 and 35 spiritual
34 and 36 components
37 of 38 wellness
38 wellness 39 for
38 wellness 42 of
39 for 41 period
40 a 41 period
42 of 44 weeks
43 eight 44 weeks

data are integrated from various sources into one study database and different visualization approaches are pursued to efficiently display potential correlations between different parameters and capture overall trends of wellness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 integrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 data 2 are
2 are 3 integrated
3 integrated 4 from
3 integrated 7 into
4 from 6 sources
5 various 6 sources
7 into 10 database
8 one 10 database
9 study 10 database
11 and 14 approaches
11 and 16 pursued
12 different 13 visualization
13 visualization 14 approaches
14 approaches 15 are
15 are 16 pursued
16 pursued 17 to
17 to 25 and
18 efficiently 19 display
19 display 21 correlations
19 display 22 between
19 display 25 and
20 potential 21 correlations
22 between 24 parameters
23 different 24 parameters
25 and 26 capture
25 and 27 overall
25 and 28 trends
28 trends 29 of
29 of 30 wellness

results : preliminary findings indicate that older adults are willing to participate in technology - enhanced interventions and embrace different information technology applications given appropriate and customized training and hardware and software features that address potential functional limitations and inexperience with computers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 preliminary
2 : 6 that
3 preliminary 4 findings
3 preliminary 5 indicate
4 findings 5 indicate
6 that 8 adults
6 that 9 are
7 older 8 adults
8 adults 9 are
9 are 10 willing
10 willing 11 to
10 willing 13 in
11 to 12 participate
13 in 14 technology
15 - 31 and
16 enhanced 17 interventions
17 interventions 18 and
18 and 21 information
18 and 23 applications
18 and 25 appropriate
18 and 26 and
19 embrace 21 information
20 different 21 information
22 technology 23 applications
23 applications 24 given
23 applications 25 appropriate
26 and 28 training
26 and 29 and
27 customized 28 training
29 and 30 hardware
29 and 31 and
31 and 33 features
31 and 34 that
31 and 35 address
32 software 33 features
34 that 35 address
35 address 39 and
36 potential 38 limitations
37 functional 38 limitations
38 limitations 39 and
39 and 40 inexperience
39 and 41 with
41 with 42 computers

conclusion : informatics can advance health care for older adults and support a holistic assessment of older adults ' wellness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 informatics
2 : 11 and
2 : 21 .
3 informatics 11 and
4 can 5 advance
4 can 11 and
5 advance 7 care
5 advance 8 for
6 health 7 care
8 for 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
11 and 12 support
12 support 15 assessment
13 a 14 holistic
13 a 15 assessment
14 holistic 15 assessment
15 assessment 16 of
16 of 20 wellness
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 '
19 ' 20 wellness

the described framework can support decision making , link formal and informal caregiving networks and identify early trends and patterns that if addressed could reduce adverse health events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 framework
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 3 framework
2 described 3 framework
3 framework 19 and
3 framework 24 could
4 can 8 ,
4 can 19 and
5 support 7 making
5 support 8 ,
6 decision 7 making
8 , 15 and
9 link 14 networks
9 link 15 and
10 formal 11 and
11 and 12 informal
11 and 14 networks
13 caregiving 14 networks
15 and 16 identify
16 identify 18 trends
17 early 18 trends
19 and 20 patterns
19 and 21 that
19 and 22 if
22 if 23 addressed
24 could 25 reduce
25 reduce 28 events
26 adverse 27 health
27 health 28 events

the present study examines the prediction that emotion can facilitate short - term memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 examines
4 examines 6 prediction
5 the 6 prediction
6 prediction 7 that
6 prediction 10 facilitate
7 that 8 emotion
7 that 10 facilitate
8 emotion 9 can
9 can 10 facilitate
10 facilitate 14 memory
11 short 12 -
11 short 13 term
13 term 14 memory

nevertheless , emotion also recruits attention to process information , thereby disrupting short - term memory when tasks involve high attentional resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 emotion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recruits
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 3 emotion
3 emotion 5 recruits
4 also 5 recruits
5 recruits 6 attention
5 recruits 7 to
5 recruits 12 disrupting
7 to 9 information
8 process 9 information
10 , 12 disrupting
11 thereby 12 disrupting
12 disrupting 16 memory
12 disrupting 23 .
13 short 14 -
13 short 15 term
15 term 16 memory
16 memory 17 when
17 when 18 tasks
17 when 19 involve
18 tasks 19 involve
19 involve 22 resources
20 high 22 resources
21 attentional 22 resources

in this way , we aimed to determine whether there is a differential influence of emotional information on short - term memory in ageing and alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 determine
1 in 3 way
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 way
5 we 6 aimed
6 aimed 7 to
6 aimed 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 9 whether
8 determine 18 on
8 determine 32 .
9 whether 10 there
9 whether 11 is
10 there 11 is
11 is 14 influence
12 a 13 differential
12 a 14 influence
13 differential 14 influence
14 influence 15 of
15 of 17 information
16 emotional 17 information
18 on 22 memory
19 short 20 -
19 short 21 term
21 term 22 memory
22 memory 23 in
23 in 25 and
24 ageing 25 and
25 and 28 disease
25 and 30 ad
26 alzheimer 27 's
27 's 28 disease
29 ( 30 ad
30 ad 31 )

fourteen patients with mild ad , 14 healthy older participants ( nc ) , and 14 younger adults ( ya ) performed two tasks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 fourteen 2 patients
2 patients 3 with
2 patients 15 and
3 with 5 ad
4 mild 5 ad
5 ad 10 participants
6 , 10 participants
7 14 10 participants
8 healthy 10 participants
9 older 10 participants
10 participants 12 nc
10 participants 14 ,
11 ( 12 nc
12 nc 13 )
14 , 15 and
15 and 18 adults
15 and 20 ya
15 and 22 performed
16 14 18 adults
17 younger 18 adults
19 ( 20 ya
20 ya 21 )
22 performed 24 tasks
23 two 24 tasks

in the first task , involving visual short - term memory , participants were asked to remember a picture among four different pictures ( negative or neutral ) following a brief delay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 asked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 4 task
1 in 13 participants
2 the 3 first
2 the 4 task
4 task 6 involving
5 , 6 involving
6 involving 11 memory
6 involving 12 ,
7 visual 10 term
8 short 9 -
8 short 10 term
10 term 11 memory
13 participants 14 were
14 were 15 asked
15 asked 16 to
16 to 17 remember
17 remember 19 picture
18 a 19 picture
19 picture 20 among
19 picture 29 following
20 among 23 pictures
21 four 23 pictures
22 different 23 pictures
23 pictures 26 or
24 ( 26 or
25 negative 26 or
26 or 27 neutral
26 or 28 )
29 following 32 delay
30 a 32 delay
31 brief 32 delay

the second task , a binding memory task , required the recognition by participants of a picture according to its spatial location . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 task
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 second
1 the 3 task
3 task 8 task
3 task 10 required
4 , 8 task
5 a 8 task
6 binding 7 memory
7 memory 8 task
8 task 9 ,
10 required 12 recognition
10 required 13 by
10 required 19 to
11 the 12 recognition
13 by 14 participants
14 participants 15 of
15 of 17 picture
16 a 17 picture
18 according 19 to
19 to 22 location
20 its 22 location
21 spatial 22 location

the attentional cost involved was higher than for the first task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 cost
2 attentional 3 cost
3 cost 4 involved
3 cost 5 was
5 was 6 higher
6 higher 7 than
7 than 8 for
8 for 11 task
9 the 10 first
9 the 11 task

the pattern of results showed that visual memory performance was better for negative stimuli than for neutral ones , irrespective of the group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
1 the 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 of
2 pattern 5 showed
3 of 4 results
5 showed 8 memory
5 showed 9 performance
5 showed 10 was
6 that 7 visual
7 visual 8 memory
9 performance 10 was
10 was 11 better
11 better 12 for
11 better 15 than
11 better 21 of
12 for 14 stimuli
13 negative 14 stimuli
15 than 16 for
16 for 18 ones
17 neutral 18 ones
19 , 21 of
20 irrespective 21 of
21 of 23 group
21 of 24 .
22 the 23 group

in contrast , binding memory performance was essentially poorer for the location of negative pictures in the nc group , and for the location of both negative and neutral stimuli in the ad group , in comparison to the ya group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 6 performance
4 binding 6 performance
5 memory 6 performance
6 performance 7 was
7 was 8 essentially
7 was 9 poorer
9 poorer 10 for
9 poorer 21 and
9 poorer 31 in
10 for 12 location
11 the 12 location
12 location 13 of
13 of 15 pictures
14 negative 15 pictures
16 in 19 group
16 in 21 and
17 the 19 group
18 nc 19 group
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 for
22 for 24 location
23 the 24 location
24 location 25 of
25 of 30 stimuli
26 both 30 stimuli
27 negative 28 and
28 and 29 neutral
28 and 30 stimuli
31 in 34 group
32 the 34 group
33 ad 34 group
34 group 36 in
35 , 36 in
36 in 37 comparison
36 in 42 .
37 comparison 38 to
38 to 41 group
39 the 41 group
40 ya 41 group

taken together , these results show that emotion has beneficial effects on visual short - term memory in ageing and ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 taken 2 together
1 taken 3 ,
1 taken 5 results
4 these 5 results
5 results 6 show
6 show 7 that
7 that 8 emotion
7 that 9 has
8 emotion 9 has
9 has 11 effects
10 beneficial 11 effects
11 effects 12 on
12 on 17 memory
13 visual 16 term
14 short 15 -
14 short 16 term
16 term 17 memory
17 memory 18 in
18 in 20 and
19 ageing 20 and
20 and 21 ad

in contrast , emotion does not improve their performances in the binding condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 emotion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 emotion
4 emotion 5 does
5 does 6 not
5 does 7 improve
7 improve 9 performances
7 improve 10 in
8 their 9 performances
10 in 13 condition
11 the 13 condition
12 binding 13 condition

the soc is an important determinant of life satisfaction of elderly people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 soc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 2 soc
2 soc 3 is
3 is 6 determinant
4 an 5 important
4 an 6 determinant
5 important 6 determinant
6 determinant 7 of
7 of 9 satisfaction
8 life 9 satisfaction
9 satisfaction 10 of
10 of 12 people
11 elderly 12 people

it determines the level of coping with various difficult situations , which accompany an old age stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 it 2 determines
2 determines 4 level
3 the 4 level
4 level 5 of
5 of 6 coping
6 coping 7 with
7 with 10 situations
8 various 10 situations
9 difficult 10 situations
11 , 12 which
11 , 13 accompany
12 which 13 accompany
13 accompany 17 stage
14 an 15 old
14 an 17 stage
15 old 16 age
16 age 17 stage

the aim of the study was to determine the connection between the soc levels and life satisfaction among the u3a students . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 determine
7 to 8 determine
8 determine 10 connection
8 determine 11 between
8 determine 18 among
9 the 10 connection
11 between 15 and
12 the 14 levels
13 soc 14 levels
14 levels 15 and
15 and 17 satisfaction
16 life 17 satisfaction
18 among 21 students
19 the 21 students
20 u3a 21 students

another analyzed relationship was the soc level against the background of socio - demographic factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 another 3 relationship
2 analyzed 3 relationship
3 relationship 4 was
4 was 6 soc
5 the 6 soc
6 soc 7 level
7 level 8 against
8 against 10 background
9 the 10 background
10 background 11 of
11 of 15 factors
12 socio 13 -
12 socio 15 factors
14 demographic 15 factors

the study comprised 257 students of the u3a in poland , located in the city of bydgoszcz . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 11 ,
3 comprised 5 students
3 comprised 9 in
3 comprised 11 ,
4 257 5 students
5 students 6 of
6 of 8 u3a
7 the 8 u3a
9 in 10 poland
11 , 12 located
11 , 13 in
13 in 15 city
14 the 15 city
15 city 16 of
16 of 17 bydgoszcz

the study group consisted of 237 women and 20 men , at the average age of 64.54 ± 6.01 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 consisted
1 the 3 group
2 study 3 group
3 group 4 consisted
4 consisted 5 of
5 of 8 and
6 237 7 women
7 women 8 and
8 and 10 men
8 and 12 at
9 20 10 men
11 , 12 at
12 at 15 age
12 at 21 .
13 the 15 age
14 average 15 age
15 age 16 of
16 of 20 years
17 64.54 20 years
18 ± 20 years
19 6.01 20 years

the vast majority of the study group included individuals at the secondary education level , as well as married individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 level
1 the 3 majority
2 vast 3 majority
3 majority 4 of
3 majority 9 individuals
4 of 9 individuals
5 the 9 individuals
6 study 8 included
7 group 8 included
8 included 9 individuals
9 individuals 10 at
9 individuals 14 level
10 at 13 education
11 the 13 education
12 secondary 13 education
14 level 18 as
15 , 18 as
16 as 17 well
17 well 18 as
18 as 20 individuals
18 as 21 .
19 married 20 individuals

just over half of the group claimed to be in good health , and have no afflictions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 half
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 just 2 over
2 over 3 half
3 half 4 of
3 half 14 and
4 of 6 group
5 the 6 group
7 claimed 8 to
7 claimed 9 be
7 claimed 14 and
8 to 9 be
9 be 10 in
10 in 12 health
11 good 12 health
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 have
15 have 17 afflictions
16 no 17 afflictions

all of the respondents were fully mobile . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 all
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 all 2 of
1 all 5 were
2 of 4 respondents
3 the 4 respondents
5 were 7 mobile
6 fully 7 mobile

the study was conducted with the diagnostic poll method , using the standardized questionnaires : the scale soc - 29 , whoqol - bref , and the geriatric depression scale ( gds - bref version ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 was
3 was 4 conducted
4 conducted 5 with
5 with 9 method
6 the 9 method
7 diagnostic 8 poll
8 poll 9 method
10 , 11 using
10 , 15 :
11 using 14 questionnaires
11 using 15 :
12 the 14 questionnaires
13 standardized 14 questionnaires
15 : 18 soc
16 the 18 soc
17 scale 18 soc
18 soc 20 29
19 - 20 29
20 29 22 whoqol
20 29 36 )
21 , 22 whoqol
22 whoqol 26 and
22 whoqol 36 )
23 - 26 and
24 bref 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 35 version
26 and 36 )
27 the 35 version
28 geriatric 29 depression
29 depression 30 scale
30 scale 32 gds
31 ( 32 gds
32 gds 33 -
32 gds 35 version
34 bref 35 version

the average value of global soc was 128.77 ; the standard deviation [21.04] ; discrepancy 153 [(] minimum 50 and maximum 203 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 value
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 value
2 average 3 value
3 value 4 of
3 value 7 was
4 of 6 soc
5 global 6 soc
7 was 8 128.77
9 ; 12 deviation
9 ; 14 ;
10 the 12 deviation
11 standard 12 deviation
14 ; 20 and
15 discrepancy 18 minimum
16 153 18 minimum
18 minimum 19 50
18 minimum 20 and
20 and 21 maximum
20 and 23 )
21 maximum 22 203

the soc indicated significant relationship with quality of life ( qol ) in the mental domain , social relationships , and environmental domain ; no significant correlation in the physical domain was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 5 relationship
2 soc 3 indicated
3 indicated 5 relationship
4 significant 5 relationship
5 relationship 6 with
5 relationship 17 ,
6 with 7 quality
7 quality 8 of
7 quality 13 in
8 of 9 life
9 life 11 qol
10 ( 11 qol
11 qol 12 )
13 in 16 domain
14 the 16 domain
15 mental 16 domain
17 , 19 relationships
17 , 21 and
18 social 19 relationships
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 domain
22 environmental 23 domain
24 ; 27 correlation
24 ; 33 observed
25 no 27 correlation
26 significant 27 correlation
27 correlation 28 in
27 correlation 32 was
28 in 31 domain
29 the 31 domain
30 physical 31 domain
32 was 33 observed

the qol reached about 70 % of maximum result value , showing equal levels in its specific areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 qol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reached
1 the 2 qol
2 qol 3 reached
3 reached 4 about
4 about 6 %
5 70 6 %
6 % 7 of
6 % 12 showing
7 of 10 value
8 maximum 10 value
9 result 10 value
11 , 12 showing
12 showing 14 levels
12 showing 15 in
12 showing 19 .
13 equal 14 levels
15 in 18 areas
16 its 18 areas
17 specific 18 areas

a moderately decreasing [(] r= - 0.375 , p<0.01 ) relation η=0.376 , between global soc values and depression occurrence , as well as its [non] [-] existence was shown in the study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 relation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 11 relation
2 moderately 3 decreasing
3 decreasing 11 relation
5 r= 7 0.375
5 r= 11 relation
6 - 7 0.375
7 0.375 8 ,
9 p<0.01 10 )
9 p<0.01 11 relation
11 relation 12 η=0.376
11 relation 29 was
12 η=0.376 14 between
12 η=0.376 24 as
13 , 14 between
14 between 18 and
14 between 21 ,
15 global 17 values
16 soc 17 values
17 values 18 and
18 and 20 occurrence
19 depression 20 occurrence
22 as 23 well
23 well 24 as
24 as 28 existence
25 its 28 existence
29 was 30 shown
30 shown 31 in
31 in 33 study
32 the 33 study

individual soc components were also negatively correlated with depression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 components
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 individual 2 soc
2 soc 3 components
3 components 4 were
4 were 5 also
4 were 7 correlated
6 negatively 7 correlated
7 correlated 8 with
8 with 9 depression

another observation was weak [correlation] between the sense of coherence and the individuals ' level of education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 another 2 observation
2 observation 3 was
3 was 4 weak
4 weak 6 between
6 between 8 sense
7 the 8 sense
8 sense 9 of
9 of 11 and
10 coherence 11 and
11 and 15 level
11 and 16 of
12 the 13 individuals
13 individuals 14 '
14 ' 15 level
16 of 17 education

no statistically significant effect of age , gender and marital status on the soc levels of u3a students was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 no 4 effect
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 12 on
4 effect 19 was
5 of 9 and
6 age 7 ,
7 , 8 gender
7 , 9 and
9 and 11 status
10 marital 11 status
12 on 15 levels
13 the 15 levels
14 soc 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 18 students
17 u3a 18 students
19 was 20 found

higher parameters of soc and level of education shape significantly higher effects of life satisfaction , and result in better adaptation to old age stage as a phase of multiple challenges , and increasing life difficulties . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 shape
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 higher 2 parameters
2 parameters 3 of
2 parameters 5 and
3 of 4 soc
5 and 6 level
5 and 7 of
5 and 9 shape
7 of 8 education
9 shape 10 significantly
9 shape 12 effects
9 shape 26 as
11 higher 12 effects
12 effects 13 of
13 of 14 life
14 life 17 and
14 life 25 stage
15 satisfaction 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 result
17 and 19 in
17 and 22 to
17 and 25 stage
19 in 21 adaptation
20 better 21 adaptation
22 to 24 age
23 old 24 age
26 as 33 and
27 a 28 phase
28 phase 29 of
28 phase 33 and
29 of 31 challenges
30 multiple 31 challenges
32 , 33 and
33 and 36 difficulties
34 increasing 36 difficulties
35 life 36 difficulties

introduction : over the past decade the developments made in treating people with human immune deficiency virus ( hiv ) have greatly improved quality of life and life expectancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 8 developments
2 : 23 improved
3 over 6 decade
3 over 8 developments
4 the 5 past
4 the 6 decade
7 the 8 developments
8 developments 9 made
8 developments 19 hiv
8 developments 21 have
9 made 10 in
9 made 13 with
10 in 12 people
11 treating 12 people
13 with 17 virus
14 human 17 virus
15 immune 16 deficiency
16 deficiency 17 virus
18 ( 19 hiv
19 hiv 20 )
21 have 23 improved
22 greatly 23 improved
23 improved 27 and
24 quality 25 of
24 quality 27 and
25 of 26 life
27 and 29 expectancy
28 life 29 expectancy

however , the nature of asymptomatic hiv - associated minor neurocognitive disorder ( hand ) remains unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 nature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 nature
3 the 4 nature
4 nature 5 of
4 nature 16 remains
5 of 7 hiv
6 asymptomatic 7 hiv
7 hiv 12 disorder
8 - 12 disorder
9 associated 12 disorder
10 minor 12 disorder
11 neurocognitive 12 disorder
12 disorder 14 hand
12 disorder 15 )
13 ( 14 hand
14 hand 15 )
16 remains 17 unclear

in this study we explored the occurrence of neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in medically and psychiatrically stable hiv - 1 infected patients on highly active antiretroviral treatment ( haart ) from two separate age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 10 and
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 we
3 study 8 of
4 we 5 explored
5 explored 7 occurrence
6 the 7 occurrence
7 occurrence 8 of
9 neuropsychological 10 and
10 and 11 neuroimaging
10 and 15 and
12 changes 13 in
12 changes 14 medically
12 changes 15 and
15 and 17 stable
16 psychiatrically 17 stable
17 stable 18 hiv
19 - 22 patients
20 1 22 patients
21 infected 22 patients
22 patients 23 on
22 patients 31 from
23 on 27 treatment
24 highly 25 active
25 active 27 treatment
26 antiretroviral 27 treatment
27 treatment 29 haart
28 ( 29 haart
29 haart 30 )
31 from 35 groups
32 two 35 groups
33 separate 34 age
34 age 35 groups

methods : participants included 20 hiv - 1 infected younger ( aged 20 - 40 ) and 20 hiv - 1 older patients ( aged 50 - 75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 participants
2 : 4 included
2 : 30 .
3 participants 4 included
4 included 17 and
5 20 17 and
6 hiv 9 infected
6 hiv 10 younger
6 hiv 17 and
7 - 8 1
8 1 9 infected
10 younger 12 aged
11 ( 12 aged
12 aged 14 -
12 aged 16 )
13 20 14 -
14 - 15 40
17 and 19 hiv
17 and 23 patients
18 20 19 hiv
20 - 23 patients
21 1 23 patients
22 older 23 patients
23 patients 25 aged
23 patients 29 )
24 ( 25 aged
25 aged 27 -
25 aged 29 )
26 50 27 -
27 - 28 75

comparisons were made with 20 age - and education - matched younger and 22 matched older healthy seronegative males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparisons
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 made
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 comparisons 2 were
2 were 3 made
3 made 4 with
3 made 12 younger
4 with 8 and
5 20 6 age
6 age 8 and
7 - 8 and
8 and 9 education
8 and 10 -
8 and 11 matched
13 and 14 22
13 and 15 matched
14 22 15 matched
15 matched 19 males
16 older 19 males
17 healthy 19 males
18 seronegative 19 males

participants were stable on treatment and asymptomatic at study [onset] with undetectable hiv - 1 viral loads , and free of medical or psychiatric co - morbidity , alcohol or substance misuse . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 6 and
3 stable 4 on
3 stable 6 and
4 on 5 treatment
6 and 19 and
7 asymptomatic 8 at
7 asymptomatic 11 with
7 asymptomatic 19 and
8 at 9 study
11 with 13 hiv
12 undetectable 13 hiv
13 hiv 16 viral
13 hiv 17 loads
14 - 15 1
15 1 16 viral
16 viral 17 loads
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 free
20 free 21 of
21 of 30 or
22 medical 23 or
23 or 29 alcohol
23 or 30 or
24 psychiatric 29 alcohol
25 co 27 morbidity
25 co 29 alcohol
26 - 27 morbidity
27 morbidity 28 ,
30 or 32 misuse
31 substance 32 misuse

a detailed neuropsychological assessment was used [and] volumetric - magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) and diffusion tensor imaging ( dti ) performed to assess grey and white - matter integrity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 assess
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 a 2 detailed
1 a 4 assessment
2 detailed 4 assessment
3 neuropsychological 4 assessment
4 assessment 5 was
5 was 12 imaging
6 used 11 resonance
8 volumetric 9 -
8 volumetric 11 resonance
10 magnetic 11 resonance
11 resonance 12 imaging
12 imaging 14 mri
13 ( 14 mri
14 mri 15 )
16 and 19 imaging
16 and 23 performed
17 diffusion 19 imaging
18 tensor 19 imaging
19 imaging 21 dti
19 imaging 23 performed
20 ( 21 dti
21 dti 22 )
23 performed 24 to
24 to 25 assess
25 assess 27 and
26 grey 27 and
27 and 31 integrity
28 white 29 -
28 white 30 matter
30 matter 31 integrity

results : we found significant effects of ageing on memory , grey and white matter measures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 11 ,
3 we 11 ,
4 found 6 effects
4 found 9 on
4 found 11 ,
5 significant 6 effects
6 effects 7 of
7 of 8 ageing
9 on 10 memory
11 , 13 and
12 grey 13 and
13 and 14 white
14 white 16 measures
15 matter 16 measures

comparison of the hiv - positive and hiv - negative groups did not show significant differences on the neuropsychological tests after bonferroni correction , and there were no significant age by hiv status interactions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comparison
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 comparison 2 of
1 comparison 12 did
2 of 11 groups
3 the 11 groups
4 hiv 7 and
4 hiv 11 groups
5 - 7 and
6 positive 7 and
7 and 8 hiv
7 and 9 -
10 negative 11 groups
12 did 13 not
12 did 14 show
14 show 16 differences
14 show 27 were
15 significant 16 differences
16 differences 17 on
16 differences 25 and
16 differences 27 were
17 on 20 tests
18 the 20 tests
19 neuropsychological 20 tests
21 after 23 correction
21 after 25 and
22 bonferroni 23 correction
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 there
27 were 30 age
28 no 30 age
29 significant 30 age
30 age 31 by
31 by 34 interactions
32 hiv 34 interactions
33 status 34 interactions

however , we did find reduced grey matter volume on mri in our hiv - positive participants within the medial and superior frontal gyri . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 find
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 we
3 we 4 did
4 did 5 find
5 find 8 matter
5 find 9 volume
6 reduced 8 matter
7 grey 8 matter
9 volume 10 on
10 on 11 mri
11 mri 12 in
12 in 14 hiv
13 our 14 hiv
14 hiv 17 participants
15 - 17 participants
16 positive 17 participants
17 participants 18 within
17 participants 25 .
18 within 24 gyri
19 the 24 gyri
20 medial 21 and
21 and 22 superior
21 and 24 gyri
23 frontal 24 gyri

we also found significant ageing effects in fronto - temporal grey and white matter , [independent] of the effect of hiv . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
1 we 3 found
2 also 3 found
3 found 5 ageing
3 found 6 effects
3 found 7 in
4 significant 5 ageing
7 in 14 matter
8 fronto 9 -
8 fronto 14 matter
10 temporal 11 grey
11 grey 12 and
12 and 13 white
12 and 14 matter
14 matter 17 of
15 , 17 of
17 of 19 effect
17 of 22 .
18 the 19 effect
19 effect 20 of
20 of 21 hiv

conclusions : the results from this study suggest that hiv - 1 disease by itself does not significantly impair [cognitive] function when patients are otherwise asymptomatic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 8 suggest
2 : 27 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 from
4 results 8 suggest
5 from 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 10 hiv
9 that 21 function
10 hiv 13 disease
10 hiv 19 impair
11 - 12 1
12 1 13 disease
13 disease 14 by
13 disease 16 does
14 by 15 itself
16 does 17 not
16 does 19 impair
18 significantly 19 impair
21 function 22 when
22 when 23 patients
22 when 24 are
23 patients 24 are
24 are 25 otherwise
24 are 26 asymptomatic

nevertheless , the imaging techniques were sensitive enough to detect subtle grey matter changes not normally evident until much later in the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 techniques
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 nevertheless 2 ,
1 nevertheless 5 techniques
3 the 5 techniques
4 imaging 5 techniques
5 techniques 6 were
6 were 7 sensitive
7 sensitive 8 enough
7 sensitive 9 to
7 sensitive 10 detect
9 to 10 detect
10 detect 14 changes
11 subtle 13 matter
12 grey 13 matter
13 matter 14 changes
14 changes 15 not
15 not 17 evident
16 normally 17 evident
17 evident 18 until
17 evident 21 in
18 until 19 much
19 much 20 later
21 in 23 disease
22 the 23 disease

if confirmed in a longitudinal study this frontal grey matter change could represent an important biomarker for trials in hiv disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 represent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 if 2 confirmed
1 if 11 change
2 confirmed 3 in
2 confirmed 8 frontal
3 in 6 study
4 a 5 longitudinal
4 a 6 study
5 longitudinal 6 study
7 this 8 frontal
9 grey 10 matter
10 matter 11 change
11 change 12 could
12 could 13 represent
13 represent 16 biomarker
13 represent 19 in
14 an 15 important
14 an 16 biomarker
15 important 16 biomarker
16 biomarker 17 for
17 for 18 trials
19 in 21 disease
20 hiv 21 disease

malnutrition [after] hip [fracture] is [common] and associated with poor outcomes and protracted recovery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 malnutrition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 malnutrition 7 and
3 hip 5 is
5 is 7 and
7 and 8 associated
7 and 9 with
9 with 12 and
10 poor 11 outcomes
11 outcomes 12 and
12 and 14 recovery
13 protracted 14 recovery

low concentrations of vitamin e have been associated with incident decline [in] physical function [among] older adults and may , therefore , be particularly important [to] functionally compromised patients hip fracture patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 compromised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 low 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 28 compromised
3 of 4 vitamin
4 vitamin 5 e
4 vitamin 18 and
6 have 7 been
6 have 18 and
7 been 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 17 adults
10 incident 17 adults
11 decline 17 adults
13 physical 14 function
14 function 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 and 19 may
19 may 23 be
20 , 21 therefore
21 therefore 22 ,
21 therefore 23 be
23 be 24 particularly
23 be 25 important
27 functionally 28 compromised
28 compromised 32 patients
29 patients 32 patients
30 hip 32 patients
31 fracture 32 patients

serum concentrations of α - tocopherol and [γ] [-] tocopherol , the 2 major forms of vitamin e , were assessed in 148 female hip fracture patients 65 years or older from the baltimore hip studies cohort 4 around the time of fracture ( baseline ) and at 2 [,] 6 [,] and 12 month postfracture follow - up visits ( recovery ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
1 serum 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 7 and
3 of 6 tocopherol
4 α 5 -
4 α 6 tocopherol
7 and 10 tocopherol
7 and 11 ,
7 and 13 2
7 and 19 ,
12 the 13 2
13 2 19 ,
14 major 15 forms
14 major 19 ,
15 forms 16 of
16 of 17 vitamin
17 vitamin 18 e
19 , 20 were
20 were 21 assessed
21 assessed 22 in
21 assessed 30 or
21 assessed 32 from
22 in 23 148
24 female 29 years
25 hip 29 years
26 fracture 27 patients
27 patients 29 years
28 65 29 years
29 years 30 or
30 or 31 older
32 from 37 cohort
33 the 37 cohort
34 baltimore 35 hip
35 hip 36 studies
36 studies 37 cohort
37 cohort 38 4
37 cohort 47 and
39 around 41 time
39 around 47 and
40 the 41 time
41 time 42 of
41 time 45 baseline
42 of 43 fracture
44 ( 45 baseline
45 baseline 46 )
47 and 48 at
48 at 49 2
49 2 53 and
49 2 57 follow
51 6 53 and
53 and 54 12
53 and 57 follow
54 12 55 month
55 month 56 postfracture
57 follow 59 up
58 - 59 up
59 up 60 visits
59 up 64 .
60 visits 62 recovery
61 ( 62 recovery
62 recovery 63 )

it was hypothesized that mean concentrations of both forms of vitamin e among these hip fracture patients would be [lowest] at the baseline visit and increase at each study visit during the year [after] fracture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 3 hypothesized
3 hypothesized 4 that
4 that 6 concentrations
4 that 25 and
5 mean 6 concentrations
6 concentrations 7 of
6 concentrations 10 of
6 concentrations 18 would
7 of 9 forms
8 both 9 forms
10 of 11 vitamin
11 vitamin 12 e
11 vitamin 13 among
13 among 17 patients
14 these 17 patients
15 hip 17 patients
16 fracture 17 patients
18 would 25 and
19 be 21 at
19 be 25 and
21 at 24 visit
22 the 24 visit
23 baseline 24 visit
25 and 26 increase
26 increase 27 at
27 at 30 visit
28 each 30 visit
29 study 30 visit
30 visit 31 during
31 during 35 fracture
32 the 35 fracture
33 year 35 fracture

linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to assess changes in vitamin e concentrations after adjustment for covariates and to determine predictors of vitamin e concentrations at baseline [and] throughout recovery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 linear 2 regression
3 and 6 equations
3 and 20 and
4 generalized 6 equations
5 estimating 6 equations
6 equations 20 and
7 were 8 used
7 were 20 and
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 assess
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 11 changes
10 assess 12 in
10 assess 16 after
12 in 15 concentrations
13 vitamin 14 e
13 vitamin 15 concentrations
16 after 17 adjustment
17 adjustment 18 for
18 for 19 covariates
20 and 21 to
20 and 22 determine
20 and 28 at
20 and 31 throughout
21 to 22 determine
22 determine 23 predictors
23 predictors 24 of
24 of 27 concentrations
25 vitamin 26 e
25 vitamin 27 concentrations
28 at 29 baseline
31 throughout 32 recovery

it was also hypothesized that vitamin e concentrations shortly [after] [hip] fracture would be lower than those in nonfracture controls after adjustment for covariates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 it 2 was
2 was 4 hypothesized
3 also 4 hypothesized
4 hypothesized 5 that
5 that 6 vitamin
5 that 14 be
6 vitamin 7 e
6 vitamin 8 concentrations
6 vitamin 12 fracture
6 vitamin 13 would
8 concentrations 12 fracture
9 shortly 12 fracture
13 would 14 be
14 be 15 lower
14 be 16 than
16 than 17 those
16 than 21 after
17 those 18 in
18 in 20 controls
19 nonfracture 20 controls
21 after 22 adjustment
22 adjustment 23 for
23 for 24 covariates

to evaluate this hypothesis , linear regression was used to perform adjusted comparisons of baseline vitamin e concentrations among baltimore hip studies cohort 4 participants to 1076 older women without history of hip [fracture] from the women 's health and aging study i , invecchiare in chianti study , and the national health and nutrition examination surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 to 2 evaluate
1 to 5 ,
1 to 7 regression
2 evaluate 4 hypothesis
3 this 4 hypothesis
6 linear 7 regression
7 regression 8 was
8 was 9 used
9 used 10 to
9 used 19 among
9 used 30 without
10 to 11 perform
11 perform 13 comparisons
12 adjusted 13 comparisons
13 comparisons 14 of
14 of 18 concentrations
15 baseline 16 vitamin
16 vitamin 17 e
16 vitamin 18 concentrations
19 among 25 participants
20 baltimore 21 hip
21 hip 22 studies
22 studies 25 participants
23 cohort 25 participants
24 4 25 participants
25 participants 26 to
26 to 29 women
27 1076 29 women
28 older 29 women
30 without 31 history
31 history 32 of
32 of 40 and
33 hip 35 from
33 hip 40 and
35 from 39 health
36 the 37 women
37 women 38 's
38 's 39 health
40 and 42 study
40 and 44 ,
41 aging 42 study
42 study 43 i
44 , 54 and
45 invecchiare 46 in
45 invecchiare 50 and
46 in 48 study
47 chianti 48 study
49 , 50 and
50 and 53 health
50 and 54 and
51 the 53 health
52 national 53 health
54 and 57 surveys
55 nutrition 56 examination
56 examination 57 surveys

mean α - tocopherol was [lowest] at baseline , and time from fracture [to] blood [draw] was positively associated with baseline α - tocopherol ( p = [.] 005 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 mean 4 tocopherol
1 mean 5 was
2 α 3 -
2 α 4 tocopherol
4 tocopherol 5 was
5 was 7 at
7 at 8 baseline
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 time
10 and 19 associated
11 time 12 from
11 time 17 was
12 from 15 blood
13 fracture 15 blood
17 was 19 associated
18 positively 19 associated
19 associated 20 with
20 with 21 baseline
20 with 24 tocopherol
22 α 23 -
22 α 24 tocopherol
24 tocopherol 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 29 005
27 = 30 )

mean [γ] - tocopherol did not change appreciably throughout the year [after] fracture , although it fluctuated widely within individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tocopherol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 fluctuated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 mean 3 -
1 mean 4 tocopherol
4 tocopherol 5 did
5 did 6 not
5 did 7 change
7 change 8 appreciably
7 change 9 throughout
7 change 15 although
9 throughout 13 fracture
10 the 13 fracture
11 year 13 fracture
14 , 15 although
15 although 16 it
16 it 17 fluctuated
17 fluctuated 18 widely
17 fluctuated 19 within
19 within 20 individuals

serum concentrations of α - tocopherol [and] [γ] - tocopherol were [highest] among the hip fracture population after adjustment ( p < [.] 0001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 serum 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 11 were
3 of 10 tocopherol
4 α 6 tocopherol
4 α 10 tocopherol
5 - 6 tocopherol
6 tocopherol 9 -
11 were 13 among
11 were 18 after
13 among 17 population
14 the 17 population
15 hip 16 fracture
16 fracture 17 population
18 after 19 adjustment
19 adjustment 22 <
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 24 0001
22 < 25 )

in general , highly cognitively [and] physically functioning hip fracture patients demonstrated higher vitamin e concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 10 fracture
2 general 3 ,
2 general 9 hip
4 highly 8 functioning
5 cognitively 8 functioning
7 physically 8 functioning
8 functioning 9 hip
9 hip 10 fracture
10 fracture 11 patients
11 patients 12 demonstrated
12 demonstrated 16 concentrations
13 higher 14 vitamin
14 vitamin 15 e
14 vitamin 16 concentrations

thus , the relatively high degree [of] function among this cohort of hip fracture patients may explain their higher - than [-] expected vitamin e concentrations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 8 function
3 the 8 function
4 relatively 5 high
5 high 6 degree
6 degree 8 function
8 function 9 among
8 function 16 may
9 among 11 cohort
10 this 11 cohort
11 cohort 12 of
12 of 15 patients
13 hip 14 fracture
14 fracture 15 patients
16 may 17 explain
17 explain 26 concentrations
18 their 26 concentrations
19 higher 20 -
19 higher 24 vitamin
21 than 23 expected
23 expected 24 vitamin
24 vitamin 25 e
24 vitamin 26 concentrations

background : " the graying of the globe " has resulted in exponential rise in health care expenses [,] over [-] worked health care professionals and a growing patient base suffering from multiple chronic diseases , one of which is diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 "
2 : 5 graying
2 : 11 resulted
4 the 5 graying
5 graying 6 of
5 graying 10 has
6 of 8 globe
7 the 8 globe
8 globe 9 "
10 has 11 resulted
11 resulted 12 in
12 in 14 rise
13 exponential 14 rise
14 rise 15 in
15 in 26 and
16 health 17 care
17 care 18 expenses
18 expenses 20 over
18 expenses 26 and
20 over 25 professionals
22 worked 25 professionals
23 health 25 professionals
24 care 25 professionals
26 and 30 base
26 and 36 ,
26 and 37 one
27 a 30 base
28 growing 30 base
29 patient 30 base
30 base 31 suffering
30 base 32 from
32 from 35 diseases
33 multiple 35 diseases
34 chronic 35 diseases
36 , 37 one
37 one 38 of
37 one 42 .
38 of 39 which
39 which 40 is
40 is 41 diabetes

consumer health technologies ( cht ) are considered important catalysts for empowering health care consumers to take a proactive role in managing their health and related costs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 technologies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 consumer 3 technologies
2 health 3 technologies
3 technologies 5 cht
3 technologies 7 are
4 ( 5 cht
5 cht 6 )
7 are 8 considered
8 considered 10 catalysts
9 important 10 catalysts
10 catalysts 11 for
11 for 12 empowering
12 empowering 15 consumers
12 empowering 16 to
13 health 14 care
14 care 15 consumers
16 to 25 and
17 take 20 role
17 take 21 in
17 take 25 and
18 a 20 role
19 proactive 20 role
21 in 22 managing
22 managing 24 health
23 their 24 health
25 and 26 related
26 related 27 costs

adoption rate and usability of such devices among the aging is far from being satisfactory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 adoption 2 rate
3 and 4 usability
3 and 11 is
4 usability 5 of
4 usability 11 is
5 of 7 devices
6 such 7 devices
7 devices 8 among
8 among 10 aging
9 the 10 aging
11 is 12 far
12 far 13 from
13 from 14 being
14 being 15 satisfactory

past studies noted the motivation for adoption by the aging is dependent on the suitability/relevance , perceived usability and anticipated benefits associated with usage of technological innovation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 past 2 studies
2 studies 16 ,
3 noted 5 motivation
3 noted 11 is
3 noted 16 ,
4 the 5 motivation
5 motivation 6 for
5 motivation 11 is
6 for 7 adoption
7 adoption 8 by
8 by 10 aging
9 the 10 aging
11 is 12 dependent
12 dependent 13 on
13 on 15 suitability/relevance
14 the 15 suitability/relevance
16 , 19 and
16 , 23 with
17 perceived 18 usability
17 perceived 19 and
19 and 20 anticipated
20 anticipated 21 benefits
20 anticipated 22 associated
21 benefits 22 associated
23 with 24 usage
24 usage 25 of
25 of 27 innovation
26 technological 27 innovation

traditional information technology ( it ) [development] adopts a systematic approach without necessarily using a specific user model that personalizes the system to the aging user groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 technology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 adopts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 traditional 3 technology
2 information 3 technology
3 technology 5 it
3 technology 8 adopts
4 ( 5 it
5 it 6 )
8 adopts 11 approach
8 adopts 12 without
8 adopts 23 to
9 a 10 systematic
9 a 11 approach
10 systematic 11 approach
12 without 14 using
13 necessarily 14 using
14 using 18 model
15 a 16 specific
15 a 18 model
16 specific 17 user
17 user 18 model
18 model 19 that
18 model 20 personalizes
19 that 20 personalizes
20 personalizes 22 system
21 the 22 system
23 to 27 groups
24 the 27 groups
25 aging 26 user
26 user 27 groups

the aging patient population has unique needs arising from progressive deterioration in both physiological and psychological abilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 population
2 aging 4 population
3 patient 4 population
4 population 5 has
5 has 7 needs
5 has 9 from
5 has 12 in
6 unique 7 needs
7 needs 8 arising
9 from 11 deterioration
10 progressive 11 deterioration
12 in 17 abilities
13 both 17 abilities
14 physiological 15 and
15 and 16 psychological
15 and 17 abilities

these needs are often ignored in the design , development , trial and adoption of consumer health products resulting in low adoption and usage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ignored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 these 2 needs
2 needs 3 are
3 are 4 often
3 are 5 ignored
5 ignored 6 in
6 in 13 and
7 the 8 design
8 design 9 ,
9 , 10 development
9 , 11 ,
11 , 12 trial
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 adoption
13 and 15 of
15 of 18 products
16 consumer 18 products
17 health 18 products
18 products 19 resulting
19 resulting 20 in
20 in 23 and
21 low 22 adoption
22 adoption 23 and
23 and 24 usage

objectives : the main objective of this research is to investigate the user - centered design ( ucd ) , specifically user profiles and personas , as methodological tools to inform the design and development of cht devices for an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 5 objective
3 the 4 main
3 the 5 objective
5 objective 6 of
5 objective 8 research
5 objective 9 is
6 of 7 this
8 research 9 is
9 is 10 to
10 to 11 investigate
11 investigate 13 user
11 investigate 27 as
11 investigate 30 to
12 the 13 user
13 user 16 design
14 - 16 design
15 centered 16 design
16 design 18 ucd
16 design 24 and
16 design 26 ,
17 ( 18 ucd
18 ucd 19 )
20 , 21 specifically
20 , 24 and
22 user 23 profiles
23 profiles 24 and
24 and 25 personas
24 and 26 ,
27 as 29 tools
28 methodological 29 tools
30 to 31 inform
31 inform 34 and
31 inform 36 of
31 inform 39 for
32 the 34 and
33 design 34 and
34 and 35 development
36 of 38 devices
37 cht 38 devices
39 for 42 population
40 an 42 population
41 aging 42 population

the adoption of user profile and persona has not received much attention in health care informatics research and [,] in particular , research involving cht . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adoption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 received
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 adoption
2 adoption 3 of
2 adoption 8 has
3 of 6 and
4 user 5 profile
5 profile 6 and
6 and 7 persona
8 has 9 not
8 has 10 received
10 received 12 attention
11 much 12 attention
12 attention 18 and
12 attention 24 involving
13 in 15 care
13 in 18 and
14 health 15 care
15 care 16 informatics
15 care 17 research
16 informatics 17 research
18 and 20 in
20 in 23 research
21 particular 22 ,
21 particular 23 research
24 involving 25 cht

our work begins to fill this void in three ways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 begins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 our 2 work
2 work 3 begins
3 begins 4 to
3 begins 5 fill
4 to 5 fill
5 fill 7 void
5 fill 8 in
6 this 7 void
8 in 10 ways
9 three 10 ways

methodology : to exemplify process and application , we use an action - research methodology , where user profiles and personas of an aging patient population were developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methodology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 exemplify
2 : 8 ,
3 to 4 exemplify
4 exemplify 6 and
5 process 6 and
6 and 7 application
8 , 9 we
8 , 10 use
9 we 10 use
10 use 12 action
10 use 17 where
11 an 12 action
12 action 15 methodology
13 - 15 methodology
14 research 15 methodology
15 methodology 16 ,
17 where 20 and
17 where 27 were
18 user 19 profiles
19 profiles 20 and
20 and 21 personas
20 and 27 were
21 personas 22 of
22 of 26 population
23 an 26 population
24 aging 26 population
25 patient 26 population
27 were 28 developed

the resultant profiles and personas were leveraged to improve the design , development and implementation plans of a smart phone application to assist chronically ill aging chinese diabetic population capable of disease self [-] management . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 leveraged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 3 profiles
2 resultant 3 profiles
3 profiles 4 and
4 and 5 personas
4 and 6 were
6 were 7 leveraged
7 leveraged 8 to
7 leveraged 22 to
8 to 9 improve
9 improve 14 and
10 the 11 design
11 design 12 ,
12 , 13 development
12 , 14 and
14 and 16 plans
14 and 17 of
15 implementation 16 plans
17 of 21 application
18 a 21 application
19 smart 20 phone
20 phone 21 application
22 to 23 assist
23 assist 29 population
24 chronically 25 ill
25 ill 27 chinese
26 aging 27 chinese
27 chinese 29 population
28 diabetic 29 population
29 population 30 capable
30 capable 31 of
31 of 35 management
32 disease 33 self
33 self 35 management

results : the results from the study show that user profile and persona can be a valuable methodological approach in capturing the conceptual model of the aging and informing the design and development decisions of cht . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 28 and
2 : 37 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 from
4 results 28 and
5 from 8 show
6 the 8 show
7 study 8 show
8 show 9 that
8 show 21 capturing
9 that 12 and
9 that 15 be
10 user 11 profile
11 profile 12 and
12 and 13 persona
12 and 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 19 approach
16 a 17 valuable
16 a 19 approach
17 valuable 19 approach
18 methodological 19 approach
19 approach 20 in
20 in 21 capturing
21 capturing 24 model
22 the 24 model
23 conceptual 24 model
24 model 25 of
25 of 27 aging
26 the 27 aging
28 and 34 decisions
28 and 35 of
29 informing 34 decisions
30 the 31 design
31 design 32 and
32 and 33 development
32 and 34 decisions
35 of 36 cht

the demonstration of techniques used in this study can serve as a guideline to cht developers in bringing conceptual user modeling into the design of software interfaces targeted for users with specific health care needs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 demonstration
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 serve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 demonstration
2 demonstration 3 of
2 demonstration 9 can
3 of 4 techniques
4 techniques 5 used
4 techniques 6 in
6 in 8 study
7 this 8 study
9 can 10 serve
10 serve 11 as
10 serve 14 to
10 serve 17 in
10 serve 22 into
10 serve 31 with
11 as 13 guideline
12 a 13 guideline
14 to 16 developers
15 cht 16 developers
17 in 18 bringing
18 bringing 21 modeling
19 conceptual 20 user
20 user 21 modeling
22 into 24 design
23 the 24 design
24 design 25 of
25 of 27 interfaces
26 software 27 interfaces
27 interfaces 28 targeted
28 targeted 29 for
29 for 30 users
31 with 35 needs
32 specific 33 health
33 health 34 care
34 care 35 needs

specifically , the study provides guidance on the creation and use of profiles and personas to tap into the conceptual models of the targeted elderly population reflecting their preferences , capabilities and attitudes towards using technology in self [-] management care in general and the smart phone diabetes management application in particular . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 4 study
3 the 4 study
4 study 5 provides
5 provides 6 guidance
5 provides 7 on
5 provides 16 to
5 provides 18 into
7 on 14 and
8 the 9 creation
9 creation 10 and
10 and 11 use
10 and 12 of
10 and 14 and
12 of 13 profiles
14 and 15 personas
16 to 17 tap
18 into 21 models
19 the 21 models
20 conceptual 21 models
21 models 22 of
21 models 34 towards
22 of 32 and
23 the 26 population
24 targeted 26 population
25 elderly 26 population
26 population 27 reflecting
26 population 30 ,
27 reflecting 29 preferences
28 their 29 preferences
30 , 31 capabilities
30 , 32 and
32 and 33 attitudes
34 towards 35 using
35 using 44 and
36 technology 37 in
36 technology 44 and
37 in 41 care
38 self 40 management
40 management 41 care
41 care 43 general
42 in 43 general
44 and 50 application
44 and 52 particular
45 the 50 application
46 smart 47 phone
47 phone 48 diabetes
48 diabetes 50 application
49 management 50 application
51 in 52 particular

insight into the mental model of the aging group has been shown to inform later stages of ucd development ( e.g [.] , the creation of prototypes and usability testing ) as well as implementation and adoption strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 insight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 inform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 insight 2 into
1 insight 6 of
1 insight 10 has
2 into 5 model
3 the 5 model
4 mental 5 model
6 of 9 group
7 the 9 group
8 aging 9 group
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 shown
12 shown 13 to
13 to 14 inform
14 inform 16 stages
15 later 16 stages
16 stages 17 of
16 stages 21 e.g
17 of 19 development
18 ucd 19 development
20 ( 21 e.g
21 e.g 23 ,
23 , 36 and
24 the 25 creation
25 creation 26 of
25 creation 28 and
26 of 27 prototypes
28 and 30 testing
28 and 31 )
28 and 34 as
28 and 36 and
29 usability 30 testing
32 as 33 well
33 well 34 as
34 as 35 implementation
36 and 38 strategies
37 adoption 38 strategies

the world health organization ( who ) predicts that by 2025 , 80 % of all new cases of diabetes are expected to appear in the developing countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 6 who
2 world 3 health
3 health 4 organization
4 organization 6 who
5 ( 6 who
6 who 7 )
6 who 8 predicts
8 predicts 9 that
9 that 14 %
9 that 22 expected
10 by 11 2025
10 by 12 ,
10 by 14 %
13 80 14 %
14 % 15 of
14 % 21 are
15 of 18 cases
16 all 18 cases
17 new 18 cases
18 cases 19 of
19 of 20 diabetes
21 are 22 expected
22 expected 23 to
22 expected 24 appear
23 to 24 appear
24 appear 25 in
25 in 28 countries
26 the 28 countries
27 developing 28 countries

in fact , the number of diabetic patients in china is estimated to rise to 42.3 million in 2030 from 20.8 million in 2000 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 fact
2 fact 3 ,
2 fact 5 number
4 the 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 11 is
6 of 8 patients
7 diabetic 8 patients
8 patients 9 in
9 in 10 china
11 is 12 estimated
12 estimated 13 to
13 to 14 rise
14 rise 15 to
14 rise 18 in
14 rise 23 in
15 to 17 million
16 42.3 17 million
18 in 19 2030
19 2030 20 from
20 from 22 million
21 20.8 22 million
23 in 24 2000

thus , we investigate the chinese aging population in order to demonstrate the process of developing and using user profile and persona . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 thus 2 ,
1 thus 3 we
3 we 4 investigate
4 investigate 8 population
4 investigate 11 to
5 the 8 population
6 chinese 7 aging
7 aging 8 population
8 population 9 in
9 in 10 order
11 to 12 demonstrate
12 demonstrate 21 and
13 the 14 process
14 process 15 of
14 process 17 and
15 of 16 developing
17 and 20 profile
17 and 21 and
18 using 19 user
19 user 20 profile
21 and 22 persona

we hope that the resultant conceptual model of the chinese aging diabetic population can be used in future research to guide cht designers interested in designing health care devices for this vulnerable user group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 we 2 hope
2 hope 3 that
3 that 7 model
3 that 21 guide
4 the 7 model
5 resultant 7 model
6 conceptual 7 model
7 model 8 of
7 model 11 aging
7 model 14 can
8 of 10 chinese
9 the 10 chinese
11 aging 13 population
12 diabetic 13 population
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 used
16 used 17 in
16 used 20 to
17 in 19 research
18 future 19 research
20 to 21 guide
21 guide 23 designers
22 cht 23 designers
23 designers 24 interested
23 designers 25 in
25 in 26 designing
26 designing 28 care
27 health 28 care
28 care 29 devices
28 care 34 group
29 devices 30 for
29 devices 34 group
30 for 33 user
31 this 33 user
32 vulnerable 33 user

osteoporosis is a common condition associated with aging but has been considered to primarily affect women because of the substantial effect [of] menopause on osteoporosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 osteoporosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 osteoporosis 9 but
2 is 5 condition
2 is 9 but
3 a 4 common
3 a 5 condition
4 common 5 condition
5 condition 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 8 aging
9 but 10 has
10 has 11 been
11 been 12 considered
12 considered 13 to
12 considered 15 affect
13 to 15 affect
14 primarily 15 affect
15 affect 16 women
15 affect 17 because
15 affect 24 on
17 because 18 of
18 of 23 menopause
19 the 23 menopause
20 substantial 21 effect
21 effect 23 menopause
24 on 25 osteoporosis

bone density can decrease with aging in men but occurs more gradually than in postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 bone 2 density
2 density 3 can
3 can 9 but
4 decrease 5 with
4 decrease 9 but
5 with 6 aging
6 aging 7 in
7 in 8 men
9 but 10 occurs
10 occurs 12 gradually
10 occurs 13 than
11 more 12 gradually
13 than 14 in
14 in 16 women
15 postmenopausal 16 women

with improvements in healthcare and extended life expectancy , it is becoming more apparent that osteoporosis affects men and can have serious consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 with 2 improvements
1 with 9 ,
1 with 10 it
2 improvements 3 in
3 in 5 and
4 healthcare 5 and
5 and 8 expectancy
6 extended 8 expectancy
7 life 8 expectancy
10 it 11 is
11 is 12 becoming
12 becoming 14 apparent
13 more 14 apparent
14 apparent 15 that
15 that 16 osteoporosis
15 that 19 and
16 osteoporosis 19 and
17 affects 18 men
17 affects 19 and
19 and 20 can
20 can 21 have
21 have 23 consequences
22 serious 23 consequences

recently , a greater number of osteoporosis studies are either including men or focusing specifically on them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 8 studies
3 a 5 number
4 greater 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 8 studies
6 of 8 studies
7 osteoporosis 8 studies
8 studies 9 are
9 are 11 including
10 either 11 including
11 including 13 or
11 including 15 specifically
11 including 16 on
12 men 13 or
13 or 14 focusing
16 on 17 them

the majority of medication trials in men , however , used bone density as the primary outcome rather than fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 bone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 majority
2 majority 3 of
2 majority 5 trials
3 of 5 trials
4 medication 5 trials
5 trials 6 in
5 trials 12 bone
6 in 7 men
7 men 11 used
8 , 9 however
9 however 10 ,
9 however 11 used
12 bone 13 density
12 bone 14 as
12 bone 19 than
14 as 17 outcome
15 the 17 outcome
16 primary 17 outcome
18 rather 19 than
19 than 20 fractures

therefore , treatment data for men is still rather limited , and there is also very little information in the oldest subset of this population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 data
3 treatment 4 data
4 data 5 for
4 data 7 is
5 for 6 men
7 is 8 still
7 is 10 limited
9 rather 10 limited
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 there
12 and 14 is
13 there 14 is
14 is 15 also
14 is 18 information
16 very 17 little
17 little 18 information
18 information 19 in
18 information 23 of
19 in 22 subset
20 the 21 oldest
20 the 22 subset
23 of 25 population
24 this 25 population

the more recent guidelines for treating osteoporosis now include men , but the recommendations for screening and treatment are not necessarily [gender] specific . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 4 guidelines
2 more 3 recent
3 recent 4 guidelines
4 guidelines 5 for
4 guidelines 9 include
5 for 6 treating
6 treating 7 osteoporosis
8 now 9 include
9 include 10 men
11 , 12 but
12 but 14 recommendations
12 but 19 are
13 the 14 recommendations
14 recommendations 15 for
14 recommendations 19 are
15 for 17 and
16 screening 17 and
17 and 18 treatment
19 are 20 not
19 are 21 necessarily
19 are 23 specific

despite the limited data , some osteoporosis treatments have received approval to treat or prevent osteoporosis specifically in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 osteoporosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 despite 4 data
1 despite 5 ,
1 despite 7 osteoporosis
2 the 4 data
3 limited 4 data
6 some 7 osteoporosis
7 osteoporosis 8 treatments
7 osteoporosis 12 to
7 osteoporosis 14 or
8 treatments 9 have
9 have 10 received
10 received 11 approval
10 received 12 to
13 treat 14 or
14 or 15 prevent
15 prevent 16 osteoporosis
15 prevent 17 specifically
15 prevent 18 in
18 in 19 men

future studies must provide greater information on fracture prevention in men and also must include a greater population of the oldest geriatric patients , who are typically not well represented in osteoporosis trials , to evaluate any differences in both efficacy and side effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 future 2 studies
2 studies 12 and
3 must 4 provide
3 must 12 and
4 provide 6 information
4 provide 10 in
5 greater 6 information
6 information 7 on
7 on 9 prevention
8 fracture 9 prevention
10 in 11 men
12 and 14 must
12 and 23 patients
13 also 14 must
14 must 15 include
15 include 18 population
16 a 18 population
17 greater 18 population
18 population 19 of
19 of 21 oldest
20 the 21 oldest
22 geriatric 23 patients
23 patients 25 who
24 , 25 who
25 who 26 are
25 who 34 ,
26 are 28 not
26 are 29 well
26 are 30 represented
27 typically 28 not
30 represented 31 in
31 in 33 trials
32 osteoporosis 33 trials
34 , 35 to
34 , 36 evaluate
35 to 36 evaluate
36 evaluate 38 differences
37 any 38 differences
38 differences 39 in
39 in 42 and
40 both 42 and
41 efficacy 42 and
42 and 44 effects
43 side 44 effects

the oldest group is important because they are at the highest risk for both osteoporosis - related complications and treatment - related adverse events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 oldest
1 the 3 group
3 group 4 is
4 is 5 important
5 important 6 because
6 because 7 they
6 because 8 are
7 they 8 are
8 are 9 at
9 at 12 risk
10 the 11 highest
10 the 12 risk
12 risk 13 for
13 for 15 osteoporosis
14 both 15 osteoporosis
16 - 17 related
17 related 19 and
17 related 21 -
18 complications 19 and
19 and 20 treatment
21 - 24 events
22 related 24 events
23 adverse 24 events

[none] [the] modern western - type diet is deficient in fruits and vegetables and contains excessive animal products , generating the accumulation of [non] [-] metabolizable anions and a lifespan state of overlooked metabolic acidosis , [whose] magnitude increases [progressively] with aging due to the physiological decline in kidney function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 western
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
3 modern 4 western
5 - 7 diet
6 type 7 diet
7 diet 14 and
8 is 9 deficient
8 is 14 and
9 deficient 10 in
10 in 12 and
11 fruits 12 and
12 and 13 vegetables
14 and 15 contains
14 and 20 generating
15 contains 18 products
16 excessive 18 products
17 animal 18 products
19 , 20 generating
20 generating 28 and
21 the 22 accumulation
22 accumulation 23 of
22 accumulation 28 and
23 of 27 anions
26 metabolizable 27 anions
28 and 31 state
28 and 36 ,
28 and 39 increases
29 a 31 state
30 lifespan 31 state
31 state 32 of
32 of 35 acidosis
33 overlooked 35 acidosis
34 metabolic 35 acidosis
36 , 39 increases
38 magnitude 39 increases
39 increases 41 with
39 increases 51 .
41 with 42 aging
42 aging 44 to
42 aging 48 in
43 due 44 to
44 to 47 decline
45 the 47 decline
46 physiological 47 decline
48 in 50 function
49 kidney 50 function

in response to this state [of] diet - derived metabolic acidosis , the kidney implements compensating mechanisms aimed to restore the acid - base balance , such as the removal of the [non] [-] metabolizable anions , the conservation of citrate , and the enhancement of kidney ammoniagenesis and urinary excretion of ammonium ions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 kidney
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 implements
1 in 2 response
2 response 3 to
3 to 7 diet
3 to 12 ,
3 to 14 kidney
4 this 7 diet
5 state 7 diet
7 diet 11 acidosis
8 - 11 acidosis
9 derived 11 acidosis
10 metabolic 11 acidosis
11 acidosis 12 ,
13 the 14 kidney
14 kidney 15 implements
15 implements 43 and
16 compensating 17 mechanisms
17 mechanisms 18 aimed
17 mechanisms 28 as
17 mechanisms 43 and
18 aimed 19 to
19 to 20 restore
20 restore 22 acid
21 the 22 acid
22 acid 25 balance
23 - 25 balance
24 base 25 balance
25 balance 26 ,
27 such 28 as
28 as 30 removal
29 the 30 removal
30 removal 31 of
30 removal 39 conservation
31 of 36 anions
32 the 36 anions
35 metabolizable 36 anions
37 , 39 conservation
38 the 39 conservation
39 conservation 40 of
39 conservation 42 ,
40 of 41 citrate
42 , 43 and
43 and 45 enhancement
43 and 46 of
44 the 45 enhancement
46 of 49 and
47 kidney 48 ammoniagenesis
48 ammoniagenesis 49 and
49 and 51 excretion
49 and 55 .
50 urinary 51 excretion
51 excretion 52 of
52 of 54 ions
53 ammonium 54 ions

these adaptive processes lower the urine ph and induce an extensive change in urine composition , including hypocitraturia , hypercalciuria , and nitrogen and phosphate wasting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 processes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 these 3 processes
2 adaptive 3 processes
3 processes 8 and
4 lower 7 ph
4 lower 8 and
5 the 7 ph
6 urine 7 ph
8 and 9 induce
8 and 13 in
8 and 15 composition
9 induce 12 change
10 an 11 extensive
10 an 12 change
11 extensive 12 change
13 in 14 urine
15 composition 17 including
16 , 17 including
17 including 18 hypocitraturia
17 including 19 ,
19 , 24 and
20 hypercalciuria 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 nitrogen
22 and 24 and
24 and 26 wasting
25 phosphate 26 wasting

low urine ph predisposes to uric acid stone formation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 low 2 urine
2 urine 3 ph
2 urine 4 predisposes
3 ph 4 predisposes
4 predisposes 5 to
5 to 9 formation
6 uric 7 acid
7 acid 9 formation
8 stone 9 formation

hypocitraturia and hypercalciuria are risk factors for calcium stone disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 hypocitraturia 2 and
2 and 3 hypercalciuria
2 and 4 are
4 are 6 factors
5 risk 6 factors
6 factors 7 for
7 for 10 disease
8 calcium 10 disease
9 stone 10 disease

even a very mild degree of metabolic acidosis induces skeletal muscle resistance to the insulin action and dietary acid load may be an important variable in predicting the metabolic abnormalities and the cardiovascular risk of the general population , the overweight and obese persons , and other patient populations including diabetes and chronic kidney failure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 even
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 induces
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 even 5 degree
2 a 3 very
2 a 5 degree
3 very 4 mild
4 mild 5 degree
5 degree 6 of
5 degree 9 induces
6 of 8 acidosis
7 metabolic 8 acidosis
9 induces 12 resistance
9 induces 13 to
9 induces 26 in
10 skeletal 11 muscle
11 muscle 12 resistance
13 to 15 insulin
14 the 15 insulin
15 insulin 17 and
15 insulin 22 be
16 action 17 and
17 and 20 load
17 and 21 may
18 dietary 20 load
19 acid 20 load
21 may 22 be
22 be 25 variable
23 an 24 important
23 an 25 variable
24 important 25 variable
26 in 27 predicting
27 predicting 31 and
28 the 31 and
29 metabolic 30 abnormalities
30 abnormalities 31 and
31 and 34 risk
31 and 39 ,
32 the 34 risk
33 cardiovascular 34 risk
34 risk 35 of
35 of 38 population
36 the 38 population
37 general 38 population
39 , 52 and
40 the 41 overweight
41 overweight 42 and
42 and 44 persons
42 and 46 and
43 obese 44 persons
45 , 46 and
46 and 49 populations
46 and 50 including
46 and 52 and
47 other 49 populations
48 patient 49 populations
50 including 51 diabetes
52 and 55 failure
53 chronic 54 kidney
54 kidney 55 failure

high dietary acid [load] is more likely to result in diabetes and systemic hypertension and may increase the cardiovascular risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 acid
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 high 3 acid
2 dietary 3 acid
3 acid 15 and
5 is 7 likely
5 is 15 and
6 more 7 likely
7 likely 8 to
7 likely 9 result
8 to 9 result
9 result 10 in
10 in 12 and
11 diabetes 12 and
12 and 14 hypertension
13 systemic 14 hypertension
15 and 16 may
16 may 17 increase
17 increase 20 risk
18 the 20 risk
19 cardiovascular 20 risk

results of recent observational studies confirm an association between insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis markers , including low serum bicarbonate , high serum anion gap , hypocitraturia , and low urine ph . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 confirm
1 results 2 of
1 results 6 confirm
2 of 5 studies
3 recent 5 studies
4 observational 5 studies
6 confirm 8 association
6 confirm 9 between
6 confirm 17 including
7 an 8 association
9 between 15 markers
10 insulin 11 resistance
11 resistance 12 and
12 and 14 acidosis
12 and 15 markers
13 metabolic 14 acidosis
16 , 17 including
17 including 29 and
17 including 33 .
18 low 19 serum
19 serum 20 bicarbonate
20 bicarbonate 21 ,
21 , 25 gap
21 , 26 ,
22 high 25 gap
23 serum 24 anion
24 anion 25 gap
26 , 27 hypocitraturia
26 , 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 ph
30 low 31 urine
31 urine 32 ph

the national institute of child health and human development has conducted a series of vision workshops to set an ambitious but tenable broad agenda , transcending traditional organizational and disciplinary boundaries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 set
1 the 3 institute
2 national 3 institute
3 institute 4 of
3 institute 7 and
4 of 6 health
5 child 6 health
7 and 8 human
7 and 9 development
7 and 17 to
7 and 18 set
9 development 10 has
10 has 11 conducted
11 conducted 13 series
11 conducted 17 to
12 a 13 series
13 series 14 of
14 of 16 workshops
15 vision 16 workshops
18 set 24 agenda
18 set 26 transcending
19 an 24 agenda
20 ambitious 21 but
21 but 22 tenable
21 but 24 agenda
23 broad 24 agenda
25 , 26 transcending
26 transcending 31 boundaries
26 transcending 32 .
27 traditional 31 boundaries
28 organizational 29 and
29 and 30 disciplinary
29 and 31 boundaries

this presentation sets forth a vision regarding [how] the aspects of a woman 's reproductive lifespan are interrelated , likely starting from childhood all the way to the later reproductive years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 sets
1 this 2 presentation
2 presentation 3 sets
3 sets 4 forth
3 sets 6 vision
5 a 6 vision
6 vision 7 regarding
6 vision 18 interrelated
7 regarding 10 aspects
7 regarding 17 are
7 regarding 18 interrelated
9 the 10 aspects
10 aspects 11 of
10 aspects 17 are
11 of 16 lifespan
12 a 13 woman
13 woman 14 's
14 's 16 lifespan
15 reproductive 16 lifespan
18 interrelated 21 starting
19 , 21 starting
20 likely 21 starting
21 starting 22 from
21 starting 26 way
21 starting 27 to
21 starting 32 .
22 from 23 childhood
24 all 25 the
25 the 26 way
27 to 31 years
28 the 31 years
29 later 31 years
30 reproductive 31 years

as a woman propagates , this circular interaction is then transmitted to the next generation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 interaction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 transmitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 as 3 woman
1 as 4 propagates
1 as 5 ,
1 as 8 interaction
2 a 3 woman
3 woman 4 propagates
6 this 7 circular
7 circular 8 interaction
8 interaction 9 is
9 is 10 then
9 is 11 transmitted
11 transmitted 12 to
12 to 15 generation
13 the 14 next
13 the 15 generation

we need an understanding of the clinical processes , the time course , the natural history , and disruptors of these processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 need
2 need 4 understanding
3 an 4 understanding
4 understanding 5 of
5 of 18 and
6 the 8 processes
7 clinical 8 processes
8 processes 9 ,
9 , 12 course
9 , 13 ,
10 the 12 course
11 time 12 course
13 , 16 history
13 , 18 and
14 the 16 history
15 natural 16 history
17 , 18 and
18 and 19 disruptors
18 and 20 of
20 of 22 processes
21 these 22 processes

with that understanding , we can then bring tools to bear to assess these issues , whether these tools are epidemiology , demography , social science , molecular biology , proteomics , genomics , or epigenomics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 bear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 with 3 understanding
1 with 4 ,
1 with 5 we
2 that 3 understanding
5 we 6 can
6 can 8 bring
7 then 8 bring
8 bring 9 tools
8 bring 10 to
10 to 11 bear
11 bear 12 to
11 bear 13 assess
12 to 13 assess
13 assess 15 issues
14 these 15 issues
16 , 21 epidemiology
16 , 32 ,
17 whether 19 tools
17 whether 20 are
17 whether 21 epidemiology
18 these 19 tools
19 tools 20 are
21 epidemiology 23 demography
21 epidemiology 26 science
21 epidemiology 32 ,
22 , 23 demography
23 demography 24 ,
24 , 26 science
25 social 26 science
26 science 29 biology
26 science 30 ,
27 , 29 biology
28 molecular 29 biology
29 biology 30 ,
31 proteomics 32 ,
32 , 35 or
33 genomics 35 or
34 , 35 or
35 or 36 epigenomics

our future research agenda should investigate [how] reproduction [affects] health and how health affects reproduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 agenda
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 investigate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 our 4 agenda
2 future 3 research
3 research 4 agenda
4 agenda 5 should
5 should 6 investigate
6 investigate 11 and
8 reproduction 10 health
10 health 11 and
11 and 12 how
11 and 13 health
11 and 14 affects
13 health 14 affects
14 affects 15 reproduction

streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen , causing high morbidity and mortality in children , and also in the elderly , who are particularly susceptible to [s] [.] pneumoniae infections due to the dysregulated function of the aged immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pneumoniae
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 streptococcus 2 pneumoniae
2 pneumoniae 3 is
3 is 12 and
4 a 7 pathogen
5 major 7 pathogen
6 human 7 pathogen
7 pathogen 8 ,
8 , 11 morbidity
8 , 12 and
9 causing 11 morbidity
10 high 11 morbidity
12 and 13 mortality
13 mortality 17 and
14 in 15 children
14 in 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 also
17 and 19 in
19 in 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly
22 , 23 who
22 , 24 are
23 who 24 are
24 are 25 particularly
24 are 26 susceptible
26 susceptible 27 to
26 susceptible 33 to
27 to 31 infections
30 pneumoniae 31 infections
32 due 33 to
33 to 36 function
34 the 36 function
35 dysregulated 36 function
36 function 37 of
37 of 41 system
38 the 41 system
39 aged 41 system
40 immune 41 system

as the current generation [of] polysaccharide vaccines do not provide sufficient protection for elderly , new vaccination strategies are urgently needed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 as 7 vaccines
1 as 10 provide
1 as 18 strategies
2 the 7 vaccines
3 current 4 generation
4 generation 7 vaccines
6 polysaccharide 7 vaccines
7 vaccines 8 do
8 do 9 not
8 do 10 provide
10 provide 12 protection
10 provide 13 for
11 sufficient 12 protection
13 for 17 vaccination
14 elderly 15 ,
14 elderly 17 vaccination
16 new 17 vaccination
18 strategies 19 are
19 are 21 needed
20 urgently 21 needed

to learn whether pneumococcal proteins are able to induce adaptive immune responses in adults in different age groups [,] we determined serum igg antibody titers and t cell immunity ( ifn - [γ] , il - 17a and il - 5 production ) to three pneumococcal antigens , pcsb , stkp and psaa , that are components of an investigational protein - based pneumococcal vaccine , ic47 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
1 to 2 learn
2 learn 3 whether
3 whether 5 proteins
3 whether 6 are
4 pneumococcal 5 proteins
5 proteins 6 are
6 are 7 able
7 able 8 to
7 able 9 induce
8 to 9 induce
9 induce 12 responses
9 induce 13 in
9 induce 15 in
10 adaptive 12 responses
11 immune 12 responses
13 in 14 adults
15 in 18 groups
16 different 17 age
17 age 18 groups
18 groups 20 we
18 groups 21 determined
20 we 21 determined
21 determined 29 immunity
22 serum 29 immunity
23 igg 25 titers
24 antibody 25 titers
25 titers 26 and
26 and 27 t
26 and 29 immunity
28 cell 29 immunity
29 immunity 31 ifn
29 immunity 36 -
30 ( 31 ifn
31 ifn 32 -
34 , 36 -
35 il 36 -
36 - 38 and
37 17a 38 and
38 and 39 il
38 and 44 to
39 il 42 production
40 - 42 production
41 5 42 production
42 production 43 )
44 to 47 antigens
45 three 47 antigens
46 pneumococcal 47 antigens
47 antigens 57 components
48 , 57 components
49 pcsb 50 ,
50 , 51 stkp
50 , 52 and
52 and 53 psaa
52 and 55 that
52 and 56 are
52 and 57 components
54 , 55 that
55 that 56 are
57 components 58 of
57 components 67 ic47
57 components 68 .
58 of 61 protein
59 an 60 investigational
59 an 61 protein
60 investigational 61 protein
61 protein 65 vaccine
62 - 65 vaccine
63 based 65 vaccine
64 pneumococcal 65 vaccine
65 vaccine 66 ,
66 , 67 ic47
67 ic47 68 .

therefore , sera and pbmcs of 108 healthy adults in three different age groups ( young , middle - aged and elderly ) were analyzed by elisa and elispot , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 analyzed
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 and
3 sera 4 and
4 and 5 pbmcs
4 and 24 were
5 pbmcs 6 of
6 of 7 108
7 108 9 adults
7 108 18 middle
7 108 21 and
8 healthy 9 adults
9 adults 10 in
9 adults 13 age
9 adults 14 groups
9 adults 18 middle
10 in 11 three
12 different 13 age
13 age 14 groups
14 groups 16 young
15 ( 16 young
16 young 17 ,
19 - 21 and
20 aged 21 and
21 and 22 elderly
21 and 23 )
24 were 25 analyzed
25 analyzed 26 by
25 analyzed 31 respectively
26 by 28 and
27 elisa 28 and
28 and 29 elispot
30 , 31 respectively
31 respectively 32 .

we found naturally acquired antibodies to all three proteins in all age groups against all three antigens . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 antibodies
2 found 6 to
2 found 10 in
2 found 14 against
3 naturally 4 acquired
4 acquired 5 antibodies
6 to 9 proteins
7 all 8 three
8 three 9 proteins
10 in 13 groups
11 all 13 groups
12 age 13 groups
14 against 17 antigens
15 all 16 three
16 three 17 antigens

however , elderly individuals had significantly lower igg levels to pcsb and psaa compared to those of younger donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 individuals
3 elderly 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 had
5 had 9 levels
5 had 10 to
5 had 15 to
6 significantly 7 lower
7 lower 9 levels
8 igg 9 levels
10 to 13 psaa
11 pcsb 12 and
12 and 13 psaa
13 psaa 14 compared
15 to 16 those
16 those 17 of
17 of 19 donors
18 younger 19 donors

there was no significant age [-] related difference in the overall rate of [t] cell immunity for the three pneumococcal proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 8 difference
3 no 8 difference
4 significant 5 age
5 age 7 related
7 related 8 difference
8 difference 9 in
9 in 12 rate
10 the 12 rate
11 overall 12 rate
12 rate 13 of
13 of 16 immunity
15 cell 16 immunity
16 immunity 17 for
17 for 21 proteins
18 the 19 three
19 three 21 proteins
20 pneumococcal 21 proteins

we found that the th17 response was dominant in all age groups and was frequently combined with a th1 or th2 response in young and middle - aged subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
3 that 6 response
3 that 13 and
4 the 6 response
5 th17 6 response
6 response 13 and
7 was 8 dominant
7 was 13 and
8 dominant 9 in
9 in 12 groups
10 all 12 groups
11 age 12 groups
13 and 14 was
14 was 16 combined
15 frequently 16 combined
16 combined 17 with
17 with 20 or
18 a 19 th1
19 th1 20 or
20 or 22 response
20 or 23 in
21 th2 22 response
23 in 25 and
24 young 25 and
25 and 26 middle
25 and 29 subjects
27 - 29 subjects
28 aged 29 subjects
29 subjects 30 .

however , in elderly persons there was a lower percentage of pbmc samples producing more than one cytokine upon antigenic stimulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 there
3 in 5 persons
3 in 6 there
4 elderly 5 persons
6 there 7 was
7 was 10 percentage
8 a 10 percentage
9 lower 10 percentage
10 percentage 11 of
10 percentage 14 producing
11 of 13 samples
12 pbmc 13 samples
14 producing 18 cytokine
14 producing 19 upon
15 more 16 than
16 than 17 one
17 one 18 cytokine
19 upon 21 stimulation
20 antigenic 21 stimulation

the narrow cytokine secretion pattern was the most striking difference between elderly and younger adult age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 5 pattern
2 narrow 3 cytokine
3 cytokine 4 secretion
4 secretion 5 pattern
5 pattern 6 was
6 was 10 difference
7 the 10 difference
8 most 9 striking
9 striking 10 difference
10 difference 11 between
11 between 17 groups
12 elderly 13 and
13 and 14 younger
13 and 16 age
15 adult 16 age
16 age 17 groups

our results demonstrate that in the majority of adults there is a naturally acquired humoral and cellular immune response to the three pneumococcal proteins tested . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 our 2 results
2 results 3 demonstrate
3 demonstrate 4 that
4 that 10 there
4 that 11 is
5 in 7 majority
5 in 10 there
6 the 7 majority
7 majority 8 of
8 of 9 adults
10 there 11 is
11 is 19 response
12 a 19 response
13 naturally 14 acquired
14 acquired 19 response
15 humoral 16 and
16 and 17 cellular
16 and 19 response
18 immune 19 response
19 response 20 to
19 response 25 tested
20 to 24 proteins
21 the 22 three
22 three 24 proteins
23 pneumococcal 24 proteins

the dominance of the th17 response is especially interesting in the light of new insights regarding the role of th17 cells in mucosal protection against this pathogen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dominance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 dominance
2 dominance 3 of
2 dominance 7 is
3 of 6 response
4 the 6 response
5 th17 6 response
7 is 8 especially
7 is 9 interesting
9 interesting 10 in
10 in 12 light
11 the 12 light
12 light 13 of
13 of 15 insights
14 new 15 insights
15 insights 16 regarding
16 regarding 18 role
16 regarding 22 in
16 regarding 25 against
17 the 18 role
18 role 19 of
19 of 21 cells
20 th17 21 cells
22 in 24 protection
23 mucosal 24 protection
25 against 27 pathogen
26 this 27 pathogen

none background : fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing ( fxcr ) has shown considerable efficacy in reducing wrinkles , although complications such as scarring and prolonged erythema are more common and down - time is longer than with nonablative laser treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 none 2 background
1 none 17 reducing
1 none 18 wrinkles
2 background 3 :
3 : 5 carbon
4 fractional 5 carbon
5 carbon 8 resurfacing
5 carbon 13 shown
6 dioxide 8 resurfacing
7 laser 8 resurfacing
8 resurfacing 10 fxcr
8 resurfacing 12 has
9 ( 10 fxcr
10 fxcr 11 )
12 has 13 shown
13 shown 15 efficacy
14 considerable 15 efficacy
15 efficacy 16 in
16 in 17 reducing
18 wrinkles 20 although
19 , 20 although
20 although 25 and
21 complications 23 as
21 complications 25 and
22 such 23 as
23 as 24 scarring
25 and 27 erythema
25 and 28 are
26 prolonged 27 erythema
28 are 29 more
28 are 30 common
31 and 34 time
31 and 35 is
32 down 33 -
32 down 34 time
34 time 35 is
35 is 36 longer
36 longer 37 than
36 longer 38 with
38 with 41 treatment
39 nonablative 40 laser
40 laser 41 treatment

platelet - rich plasma ( prp ) , a high concentration of platelets in a small volume of plasma , is known to enhance tissue healing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 platelet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 platelet 4 plasma
1 platelet 11 concentration
1 platelet 21 is
2 - 4 plasma
3 rich 4 plasma
4 plasma 6 prp
4 plasma 7 )
5 ( 6 prp
6 prp 7 )
8 , 11 concentration
9 a 10 high
9 a 11 concentration
10 high 11 concentration
11 concentration 12 of
11 concentration 20 ,
12 of 13 platelets
13 platelets 14 in
14 in 17 volume
15 a 16 small
15 a 17 volume
16 small 17 volume
17 volume 18 of
18 of 19 plasma
21 is 22 known
22 known 23 to
22 known 24 enhance
23 to 24 enhance
24 enhance 25 tissue
25 tissue 26 healing

objective : to evaluate the benefits of prp in the wound healing process after fxcr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
2 : 16 .
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 benefits
5 the 6 benefits
6 benefits 7 of
7 of 8 prp
8 prp 9 in
8 prp 12 healing
9 in 11 wound
10 the 11 wound
12 healing 13 process
12 healing 14 after
14 after 15 fxcr

materials and methods : twenty - five subjects were treated with fxcr on the bilateral inner arms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 8 subjects
4 : 10 treated
5 twenty 6 -
6 - 7 five
6 - 8 subjects
8 subjects 9 were
9 were 10 treated
10 treated 11 with
10 treated 13 on
11 with 12 fxcr
13 on 17 arms
14 the 17 arms
15 bilateral 17 arms
16 inner 17 arms

prp was prepared from 10 ml of whole blood and applied on a randomly allocated side , with normal saline being used as the contralateral control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 prp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
1 prp 2 was
2 was 10 and
3 prepared 4 from
3 prepared 10 and
4 from 6 ml
5 10 6 ml
6 ml 7 of
7 of 9 blood
8 whole 9 blood
10 and 11 applied
10 and 18 with
11 applied 12 on
12 on 16 side
13 a 16 side
14 randomly 15 allocated
15 allocated 16 side
17 , 18 with
18 with 20 saline
18 with 21 being
18 with 27 .
19 normal 20 saline
21 being 22 used
22 used 23 as
23 as 26 control
24 the 26 control
25 contralateral 26 control

transepidermal water loss ( tewl ) and skin color were measured on both sides . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 transepidermal 2 water
2 water 3 loss
3 loss 5 tewl
4 ( 5 tewl
5 tewl 6 )
7 and 9 color
7 and 10 were
8 skin 9 color
9 color 10 were
10 were 11 measured
11 measured 12 on
12 on 14 sides
13 both 14 sides

skin [biopsies] were also taken from five subjects on day 28 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 skin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 skin 3 were
3 were 5 taken
4 also 5 taken
5 taken 6 from
5 taken 9 on
6 from 8 subjects
7 five 8 subjects
9 on 10 day
10 day 11 28

results : significantly faster recovery of tewl was seen on the prp - treated side . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 recovery
2 : 9 seen
2 : 13 -
2 : 16 .
3 significantly 4 faster
4 faster 5 recovery
5 recovery 6 of
5 recovery 8 was
6 of 7 tewl
8 was 9 seen
9 seen 10 on
10 on 12 prp
11 the 12 prp
13 - 15 side
14 treated 15 side

the erythema index and melanin index on the prp [-] treated side were lower than on the control side . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 3 index
2 erythema 3 index
3 index 4 and
4 and 6 index
4 and 7 on
4 and 13 were
5 melanin 6 index
7 on 12 side
8 the 12 side
9 prp 11 treated
11 treated 12 side
13 were 14 lower
14 lower 15 than
15 than 16 on
16 on 19 side
17 the 19 side
18 control 19 side

biopsy specimens from the prp - treated side [showed] thicker collagen bundles than those from the control side . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 biopsy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 biopsy 2 specimens
2 specimens 3 from
3 from 5 prp
4 the 5 prp
6 - 12 bundles
6 - 13 than
6 - 19 .
7 treated 8 side
8 side 12 bundles
10 thicker 11 collagen
11 collagen 12 bundles
13 than 14 those
13 than 18 side
14 those 15 from
14 those 18 side
15 from 17 control
16 the 17 control

conclusion : application of autologous prp is an effective method for enhancing wound healing and reducing transient adverse effects after fxcr treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 3 application
2 : 7 is
3 application 4 of
3 application 7 is
4 of 6 prp
5 autologous 6 prp
7 is 15 and
8 an 10 method
9 effective 10 method
10 method 11 for
10 method 15 and
11 for 12 enhancing
12 enhancing 14 healing
13 wound 14 healing
15 and 19 effects
15 and 20 after
16 reducing 19 effects
17 transient 19 effects
18 adverse 19 effects
20 after 22 treatment
21 fxcr 22 treatment

introduction : the growing and aging of the end - stage kidney disease population , and improvements in short - term kidney transplant outcomes , have increased the number of patients receiving and living with kidney transplants who are at risk for the long - term complications of transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 5 and
2 : 25 ,
3 the 4 growing
4 growing 5 and
5 and 6 aging
5 and 16 and
6 aging 7 of
7 of 9 end
8 the 9 end
10 - 16 and
11 stage 12 kidney
12 kidney 13 disease
13 disease 14 population
14 population 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 improvements
16 and 18 in
16 and 25 ,
18 in 24 outcomes
19 short 20 -
19 short 21 term
21 term 24 outcomes
22 kidney 23 transplant
23 transplant 24 outcomes
25 , 26 have
26 have 27 increased
27 increased 33 and
27 increased 35 with
28 the 29 number
29 number 30 of
29 number 33 and
30 of 33 and
31 patients 32 receiving
31 patients 33 and
33 and 34 living
35 with 37 transplants
36 kidney 37 transplants
37 transplants 38 who
37 transplants 39 are
38 who 39 are
39 are 40 at
39 are 42 for
40 at 41 risk
42 for 47 complications
43 the 47 complications
44 long 45 -
44 long 46 term
46 term 47 complications
47 complications 48 of
48 of 49 transplantation

cancer has become a major cause of death following kidney transplantation , increasing the need to better understand the risk of post [-] transplant malignancy and to adapt patient management to minimize that risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cancer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 become
1 cancer 2 has
2 has 3 become
3 become 6 cause
4 a 5 major
4 a 6 cause
5 major 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
6 cause 9 following
6 cause 13 increasing
7 of 8 death
9 following 11 transplantation
10 kidney 11 transplantation
12 , 13 increasing
13 increasing 15 need
13 increasing 35 .
14 the 15 need
15 need 16 to
15 need 26 and
16 to 26 and
17 better 18 understand
18 understand 20 risk
18 understand 26 and
19 the 20 risk
20 risk 21 of
21 of 25 malignancy
22 post 25 malignancy
24 transplant 25 malignancy
26 and 27 to
26 and 28 adapt
26 and 31 to
27 to 28 adapt
28 adapt 30 management
29 patient 30 management
31 to 32 minimize
32 minimize 34 risk
33 that 34 risk

areas covered : this paper reviews the scope of the problem of post - transplant malignancy , its pathogenesis , and strategies for prevention , with attention to the impact of various immunosuppressive strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 covered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 areas 2 covered
3 : 5 paper
3 : 6 reviews
3 : 35 .
4 this 5 paper
5 paper 6 reviews
6 reviews 8 scope
6 reviews 26 with
7 the 8 scope
8 scope 9 of
8 scope 12 of
8 scope 16 malignancy
8 scope 21 and
9 of 11 problem
10 the 11 problem
12 of 13 post
14 - 16 malignancy
15 transplant 16 malignancy
16 malignancy 17 ,
17 , 21 and
18 its 19 pathogenesis
19 pathogenesis 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 strategies
21 and 23 for
21 and 25 ,
23 for 24 prevention
26 with 27 attention
26 with 28 to
28 to 30 impact
29 the 30 impact
30 impact 31 of
31 of 34 strategies
32 various 34 strategies
33 immunosuppressive 34 strategies

a medline search was conducted , reviewing english - language publications from 1948 to february 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 search
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 conducted
1 a 3 search
2 medline 3 search
3 search 4 was
4 was 5 conducted
5 conducted 7 reviewing
6 , 7 reviewing
7 reviewing 11 publications
7 reviewing 14 to
7 reviewing 17 .
8 english 9 -
8 english 10 language
10 language 11 publications
11 publications 12 from
12 from 13 1948
14 to 15 february
15 february 16 2011

expert opinion : post - transplant malignancy , one of the most common causes of death following transplantation , is linked to both modifiable [and] [non] - modifiable risk factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 expert
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 expert 2 opinion
1 expert 4 post
1 expert 7 malignancy
1 expert 20 is
2 opinion 3 :
3 : 4 post
5 - 7 malignancy
6 transplant 7 malignancy
7 malignancy 9 one
7 malignancy 19 ,
8 , 9 one
9 one 10 of
9 one 15 of
9 one 17 following
9 one 19 ,
10 of 14 causes
11 the 12 most
12 most 14 causes
13 common 14 causes
15 of 16 death
17 following 18 transplantation
20 is 21 linked
21 linked 22 to
22 to 30 factors
23 both 30 factors
24 modifiable 27 -
24 modifiable 30 factors
28 modifiable 30 factors
29 risk 30 factors

the current armamentarium of pharmacotherapy and the possibilities for immunologic monitoring in the future hold the potential for tailoring post - transplant care to minimize the risk of post - transplant malignancy without sacrificing graft survival to optimize outcomes following transplantation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 hold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 the 3 armamentarium
2 current 3 armamentarium
3 armamentarium 4 of
3 armamentarium 6 and
4 of 5 pharmacotherapy
6 and 8 possibilities
6 and 12 in
6 and 15 hold
7 the 8 possibilities
8 possibilities 9 for
9 for 11 monitoring
10 immunologic 11 monitoring
12 in 14 future
13 the 14 future
15 hold 17 potential
16 the 17 potential
17 potential 18 for
18 for 19 tailoring
19 tailoring 20 post
20 post 23 care
21 - 23 care
22 transplant 23 care
23 care 24 to
23 care 25 minimize
23 care 30 -
24 to 25 minimize
25 minimize 27 risk
26 the 27 risk
27 risk 28 of
28 of 29 post
30 - 31 transplant
31 transplant 32 malignancy
31 transplant 37 to
32 malignancy 33 without
33 without 36 survival
34 sacrificing 36 survival
35 graft 36 survival
37 to 38 optimize
38 optimize 39 outcomes
39 outcomes 40 following
40 following 41 transplantation

the effect of daily ingestion of collagen hydrolysate ( ch ) on skin extracellular matrix proteins was investigated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 17 was
3 of 5 ingestion
4 daily 5 ingestion
5 ingestion 6 of
5 ingestion 12 on
6 of 8 hydrolysate
7 collagen 8 hydrolysate
8 hydrolysate 10 ch
9 ( 10 ch
10 ch 11 )
12 on 16 proteins
13 skin 16 proteins
14 extracellular 15 matrix
15 matrix 16 proteins
17 was 18 investigated

four - week [-] old male wistar rats were fed a modified ain - 93 diet containing 12 % casein as the reference group or ch as the treatment group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 four
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 - 7 wistar
2 - 10 fed
2 - 14 -
3 week 7 wistar
5 old 7 wistar
6 male 7 wistar
7 wistar 8 rats
7 wistar 9 were
7 wistar 10 fed
8 rats 9 were
10 fed 13 ain
11 a 13 ain
12 modified 13 ain
14 - 20 casein
15 93 16 diet
16 diet 20 casein
17 containing 20 casein
18 12 19 %
19 % 20 casein
20 casein 21 as
20 casein 25 or
20 casein 30 group
21 as 23 reference
22 the 23 reference
24 group 25 or
25 or 26 ch
25 or 27 as
25 or 30 group
27 as 29 treatment
28 the 29 treatment

a control group [was] established in which animals were fed a [non] [-] protein - modified ain - 93 diet . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 a 2 control
1 a 3 group
2 control 3 group
3 group 5 established
3 group 6 in
3 group 10 fed
6 in 7 which
6 in 8 animals
6 in 9 were
8 animals 9 were
10 fed 14 protein
11 a 14 protein
15 - 17 ain
15 - 18 -
16 modified 17 ain
18 - 20 diet
19 93 20 diet

the diets were administered continuously for 4 weeks when six fresh skin samples from each group were assembled and subjected to extraction of protein . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diets
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 diets
2 diets 3 were
3 were 4 administered
4 administered 5 continuously
4 administered 6 for
4 administered 9 when
6 for 8 weeks
7 4 8 weeks
9 when 13 samples
9 when 19 and
10 six 13 samples
11 fresh 12 skin
12 skin 13 samples
13 samples 14 from
13 samples 17 were
14 from 16 group
15 each 16 group
17 were 19 and
18 assembled 19 and
19 and 20 subjected
19 and 21 to
21 to 22 extraction
22 extraction 23 of
23 of 24 protein

type i and iv collagens were studied by [immunoblot] , and activities of matrix metalloproteinase ( mmp ) 2 and 9 were assessed by zymography . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 type 11 and
2 i 3 and
3 and 4 iv
3 and 5 collagens
3 and 8 by
3 and 11 and
5 collagens 6 were
6 were 7 studied
7 studied 8 by
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 activities
11 and 13 of
11 and 20 and
11 and 22 were
11 and 23 assessed
13 of 15 metalloproteinase
14 matrix 15 metalloproteinase
15 metalloproteinase 17 mmp
16 ( 17 mmp
17 mmp 18 )
19 2 20 and
20 and 21 9
20 and 22 were
23 assessed 24 by
24 by 25 zymography

the relative amount of type i and iv collagens was [significantly] ( p < .05[!] ) increased after ch intake compared with the reference diet group ( casein ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 amount
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 amount
2 relative 3 amount
3 amount 4 of
3 amount 10 was
4 of 9 collagens
5 type 9 collagens
6 i 7 and
7 and 8 iv
7 and 9 collagens
10 was 14 <
10 was 17 increased
12 ( 14 <
13 p 14 <
14 < 15 .05[!]
14 < 16 )
17 increased 18 after
18 after 20 intake
18 after 21 compared
19 ch 20 intake
20 intake 21 compared
21 compared 22 with
22 with 26 group
23 the 26 group
24 reference 26 group
25 diet 26 group
26 group 28 casein
27 ( 28 casein
28 casein 29 )

moreover , ch uptake significantly decreased both proenzyme and active forms of mmp2 compared with casein and control groups ( p < .05[!] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 uptake
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 uptake
3 ch 4 uptake
4 uptake 6 decreased
5 significantly 6 decreased
6 decreased 11 forms
7 both 11 forms
8 proenzyme 9 and
9 and 10 active
9 and 11 forms
11 forms 12 of
11 forms 14 compared
11 forms 22 <
12 of 13 mmp2
14 compared 15 with
15 with 17 and
16 casein 17 and
17 and 19 groups
18 control 19 groups
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 23 .05[!]
22 < 24 )

in contrast , ch ingestion did not influence on mmp9 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ingestion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 ingestion
4 ch 5 ingestion
5 ingestion 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 influence
8 influence 9 on
8 influence 11 activity
9 on 10 mmp9

these results suggest that ch may reduce aging - related changes of the extracellular matrix by stimulating anabolic processes in skin tissue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 related
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 ch
4 that 7 reduce
5 ch 6 may
6 may 7 reduce
7 reduce 8 aging
9 - 10 related
10 related 11 changes
10 related 16 by
10 related 20 in
10 related 23 .
11 changes 12 of
12 of 15 matrix
13 the 15 matrix
14 extracellular 15 matrix
16 by 19 processes
17 stimulating 19 processes
18 anabolic 19 processes
20 in 22 tissue
21 skin 22 tissue

differences in the time [of] onset and magnitude [of] terminal decline were examined in three cognitive domains : processing speed , episodic memory , and global function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 differences 2 in
1 differences 7 and
2 in 6 onset
3 the 6 onset
4 time 6 onset
7 and 11 decline
7 and 12 were
8 magnitude 11 decline
10 terminal 11 decline
12 were 13 examined
13 examined 14 in
14 in 17 domains
15 three 17 domains
16 cognitive 17 domains
18 : 25 and
18 : 27 function
19 processing 20 speed
19 processing 21 ,
19 processing 25 and
22 episodic 23 memory
23 memory 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 global
25 and 27 function

in addition , cognitive reserve was investigated by testing whether education affected the onset or rate of [decline] across these domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reserve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 reserve
4 cognitive 5 reserve
5 reserve 6 was
6 was 7 investigated
7 investigated 8 by
8 by 9 testing
9 testing 10 whether
10 whether 11 education
10 whether 12 affected
11 education 12 affected
12 affected 15 or
13 the 14 onset
14 onset 15 or
15 or 16 rate
15 or 17 of
17 of 19 across
19 across 21 domains
20 these 21 domains

eight hundred ninety - six community [-] dwelling australian adults aged ≥ 70 years were assessed up to four times over 12 years , with vital status followed for 17 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ninety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ≥
1 eight 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 ninety
3 ninety 10 adults
3 ninety 11 aged
3 ninety 12 ≥
4 - 5 six
5 six 10 adults
6 community 8 dwelling
8 dwelling 10 adults
9 australian 10 adults
10 adults 11 aged
12 ≥ 20 times
13 70 14 years
13 70 18 to
14 years 15 were
15 were 16 assessed
16 assessed 17 up
18 to 19 four
18 to 20 times
20 times 21 over
21 over 23 years
22 12 23 years
23 years 25 with
24 , 25 with
25 with 27 status
25 with 28 followed
25 with 32 .
26 vital 27 status
28 followed 29 for
29 for 31 years
30 17 31 years

change points were then assessed separately for high - and low - education groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 points
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 change 2 points
2 points 3 were
3 were 4 then
3 were 5 assessed
5 assessed 6 separately
5 assessed 7 for
7 for 10 and
8 high 10 and
9 - 10 and
10 and 14 groups
11 low 12 -
11 low 14 groups
13 education 14 groups

the change points were 8.5 years for processing speed ( 95 % ci : 6.0 - 11.2 years ) , 7.1 years for global function [(] 6.2 - 9.3 ) , and 6.6 years for episodic memory ( 5.3 - 7.1 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 points
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 3 points
2 change 3 points
3 points 4 were
4 were 6 years
5 8.5 6 years
6 years 7 for
7 for 9 speed
8 processing 9 speed
9 speed 18 years
10 ( 18 years
11 95 13 ci
12 % 13 ci
13 ci 14 :
14 : 16 -
15 6.0 16 -
16 - 17 11.2
17 11.2 18 years
18 years 19 )
20 , 32 and
21 7.1 22 years
22 years 23 for
22 years 29 9.3
22 years 32 and
23 for 25 function
24 global 25 function
25 function 27 6.2
28 - 29 9.3
29 9.3 30 )
31 , 32 and
32 and 34 years
32 and 35 for
33 6.6 34 years
35 for 37 memory
36 episodic 37 memory
37 memory 40 -
38 ( 40 -
39 5.3 40 -
40 - 41 7.1
40 - 42 )

the rate [of] decline was two to four times greater in the terminal phase relative to the preterminal phase , depending on the domain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
1 the 4 decline
2 rate 4 decline
4 decline 5 was
5 was 10 greater
6 two 7 to
7 to 8 four
7 to 9 times
9 times 10 greater
10 greater 11 in
11 in 14 phase
12 the 14 phase
13 terminal 14 phase
14 phase 15 relative
15 relative 16 to
16 to 19 phase
17 the 19 phase
18 preterminal 19 phase
19 phase 21 depending
20 , 21 depending
21 depending 22 on
21 depending 25 .
22 on 24 domain
23 the 24 domain

increased education changed the terminal decline effect differently for each of the three tests , either [by] significantly hastening the onset of terminal decline [and] decreasing the rate of decline , [or] by increasing the rate of either preterminal or terminal decline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changed
1 increased 2 education
2 education 3 changed
3 changed 7 effect
3 changed 8 differently
4 the 7 effect
5 terminal 7 effect
6 decline 7 effect
8 differently 9 for
9 for 14 tests
10 each 11 of
10 each 14 tests
11 of 14 tests
12 the 14 tests
13 three 14 tests
14 tests 19 hastening
15 , 19 hastening
16 either 19 hastening
18 significantly 19 hastening
19 hastening 21 onset
20 the 21 onset
21 onset 22 of
21 onset 26 decreasing
21 onset 33 by
22 of 24 decline
23 terminal 24 decline
26 decreasing 28 rate
27 the 28 rate
28 rate 29 of
29 of 30 decline
31 , 33 by
33 by 34 increasing
33 by 43 .
34 increasing 36 rate
35 the 36 rate
36 rate 37 of
37 of 40 or
38 either 40 or
39 preterminal 40 or
40 or 42 decline
40 or 43 .
41 terminal 42 decline

analyses were repeated excluding participants diagnosed with dementia , with no substantive change to the outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
1 analyses 2 were
2 were 5 participants
3 repeated 5 participants
4 excluding 5 participants
5 participants 6 diagnosed
5 participants 7 with
5 participants 10 with
7 with 8 dementia
9 , 10 with
10 with 13 change
10 with 17 .
11 no 13 change
12 substantive 13 change
13 change 14 to
14 to 16 outcomes
15 the 16 outcomes

in conclusion , the rate and onset [of] terminal decline varied somewhat across cognitive domains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 2 conclusion
2 conclusion 3 ,
3 , 5 rate
3 , 6 and
4 the 5 rate
6 and 10 decline
6 and 11 varied
7 onset 10 decline
9 terminal 10 decline
11 varied 12 somewhat
11 varied 13 across
13 across 15 domains
14 cognitive 15 domains

education affected terminal [decline] differently across the domains , but this modification was not consistent with the predictions of cognitive reserve theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 education
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 affected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 education 2 affected
2 affected 22 theory
3 terminal 5 differently
3 terminal 10 but
5 differently 6 across
6 across 8 domains
7 the 8 domains
9 , 10 but
10 but 15 consistent
10 but 22 theory
11 this 12 modification
12 modification 13 was
13 was 14 not
14 not 15 consistent
15 consistent 16 with
16 with 18 predictions
17 the 18 predictions
18 predictions 19 of
19 of 21 reserve
20 cognitive 21 reserve

self - referencing has been identified as an advantageous mnemonic strategy for young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 referencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 self 2 -
1 self 3 referencing
3 referencing 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 identified
6 identified 7 as
7 as 11 strategy
8 an 9 advantageous
8 an 11 strategy
9 advantageous 11 strategy
10 mnemonic 11 strategy
11 strategy 12 for
12 for 16 adults
13 young 14 and
14 and 15 older
14 and 16 adults

however , little research has investigated the ways in which [self] - referencing may influence older adults ' memory for details , which is typically impaired with age , beyond memory for the item itself . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 little
3 little 4 research
3 little 5 has
3 little 6 investigated
4 research 5 has
6 investigated 8 ways
7 the 8 ways
8 ways 9 in
9 in 10 which
12 - 13 referencing
12 - 15 influence
13 referencing 14 may
14 may 15 influence
15 influence 19 memory
15 influence 30 beyond
15 influence 32 for
15 influence 35 itself
16 older 17 adults
17 adults 18 '
18 ' 19 memory
19 memory 20 for
19 memory 23 which
20 for 21 details
22 , 23 which
23 which 24 is
23 which 29 ,
24 is 25 typically
24 is 27 with
25 typically 26 impaired
27 with 28 age
30 beyond 31 memory
32 for 34 item
33 the 34 item

experiment 1 assessed the effects [of] self - and other - referencing on memory for visually detailed pictures of objects in thirty - two young and thirty - two older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 experiment 2 1
1 experiment 3 assessed
3 assessed 9 and
4 the 7 self
5 effects 7 self
7 self 9 and
8 - 9 and
9 and 10 other
9 and 11 -
9 and 12 referencing
12 referencing 13 on
12 referencing 21 in
12 referencing 31 adults
13 on 14 memory
14 memory 15 for
15 for 18 pictures
16 visually 17 detailed
17 detailed 18 pictures
18 pictures 19 of
19 of 20 objects
21 in 23 -
22 thirty 23 -
23 - 24 two
25 young 26 and
26 and 30 older
26 and 31 adults
27 thirty 28 -
28 - 29 two
28 - 30 older

results indicate that self - and close [other] - referencing similarly [enhance] general ( [item] [ )(and specific ( detail ) recognition for both young and older adults relative to the distant other condition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 6 and
2 indicate 4 self
2 indicate 6 and
3 that 4 self
5 - 6 and
6 and 7 close
6 and 34 condition
7 close 10 referencing
7 close 22 recognition
9 - 10 referencing
10 referencing 11 similarly
10 referencing 17 )(and
10 referencing 21 )
13 general 17 )(and
14 ( 17 )(and
17 )(and 18 specific
17 )(and 20 detail
19 ( 20 detail
20 detail 21 )
22 recognition 23 for
23 for 28 adults
24 both 28 adults
25 young 26 and
26 and 27 older
26 and 28 adults
28 adults 29 relative
29 relative 30 to
30 to 32 distant
31 the 32 distant
33 other 34 condition

experiment 2 extended these findings to source memory , with young and older adults encoding verbal information in self [-] referent , semantic , and structural conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 source
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 experiment 2 2
1 experiment 3 extended
3 extended 5 findings
3 extended 6 to
4 these 5 findings
6 to 7 source
7 source 8 memory
8 memory 10 with
9 , 10 with
10 with 12 and
10 with 22 ,
11 young 12 and
12 and 14 adults
12 and 15 encoding
13 older 14 adults
15 encoding 17 information
15 encoding 18 in
16 verbal 17 information
18 in 21 referent
19 self 21 referent
22 , 25 and
23 semantic 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 conditions
26 structural 27 conditions

findings suggest that self - referencing provides an age [-] equivalent boost in general memory and specific memory for specific source details . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 findings 2 suggest
2 suggest 4 self
3 that 4 self
5 - 6 referencing
5 - 7 provides
6 referencing 7 provides
7 provides 12 boost
7 provides 13 in
8 an 9 age
8 an 12 boost
9 age 12 boost
11 equivalent 12 boost
13 in 16 and
14 general 15 memory
15 memory 16 and
16 and 18 memory
16 and 19 for
17 specific 18 memory
19 for 22 details
20 specific 21 source
21 source 22 details

we conclude that the mnemonic benefits of referencing the self extend to specific memory for visual and verbal information across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 6 benefits
3 that 11 extend
4 the 6 benefits
5 mnemonic 6 benefits
6 benefits 7 of
6 benefits 11 extend
7 of 8 referencing
8 referencing 10 self
9 the 10 self
11 extend 12 to
11 extend 20 across
12 to 14 memory
13 specific 14 memory
14 memory 15 for
15 for 17 and
16 visual 17 and
17 and 19 information
18 verbal 19 information
20 across 22 lifespan
21 the 22 lifespan

face cognition is considered a specific human ability , clearly differentiable from general cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 considered
1 face 2 cognition
2 cognition 3 is
3 is 4 considered
4 considered 8 ability
5 a 6 specific
5 a 8 ability
6 specific 8 ability
7 human 8 ability
8 ability 11 differentiable
9 , 11 differentiable
10 clearly 11 differentiable
11 differentiable 12 from
11 differentiable 16 .
12 from 15 functioning
13 general 15 functioning
14 cognitive 15 functioning

its specificity is primarily supported by cognitive - [experimental] and neuroimaging research , but recently also from an individual differences perspective . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 specificity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 supported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 its 2 specificity
2 specificity 3 is
3 is 5 supported
4 primarily 5 supported
5 supported 6 by
5 supported 14 but
5 supported 16 also
5 supported 17 from
6 by 10 and
7 cognitive 10 and
8 - 10 and
10 and 12 research
10 and 13 ,
11 neuroimaging 12 research
14 but 15 recently
17 from 21 perspective
18 an 19 individual
18 an 21 perspective
19 individual 20 differences
20 differences 21 perspective

however , no comprehensive behavioral data are available , which would allow estimating lifespan changes of the covariance structure of face [-] cognition abilities and general cognitive functioning as well as age - differences in face cognition after accounting for interindividual variability in general cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 data
3 no 6 data
4 comprehensive 6 data
5 behavioral 6 data
6 data 7 are
7 are 8 available
9 , 10 which
9 , 12 allow
10 which 11 would
11 would 12 allow
12 allow 13 estimating
12 allow 15 changes
12 allow 25 and
14 lifespan 15 changes
15 changes 16 of
15 changes 20 of
16 of 19 structure
17 the 19 structure
18 covariance 19 structure
20 of 24 abilities
21 face 24 abilities
23 cognition 24 abilities
25 and 28 functioning
26 general 28 functioning
27 cognitive 28 functioning
28 functioning 31 as
29 as 30 well
30 well 31 as
31 as 32 age
32 age 34 differences
33 - 34 differences
34 differences 35 in
34 differences 43 in
34 differences 46 .
35 in 37 cognition
36 face 37 cognition
37 cognition 38 after
37 cognition 40 for
38 after 39 accounting
40 for 42 variability
41 interindividual 42 variability
43 in 45 cognition
44 general 45 cognition

the present study aimed to fill this gap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 fill
5 to 6 fill
6 fill 8 gap
7 this 8 gap

in an age - heterogeneous ( 18 - 82 years ) sample [of] 448 adults , we found no factorial dedifferentiation between face cognition and general cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 age
1 in 16 ,
1 in 17 we
2 an 3 age
3 age 15 adults
4 - 15 adults
5 heterogeneous 12 sample
6 ( 8 -
7 18 8 -
8 - 10 years
8 - 11 )
8 - 12 sample
9 82 10 years
12 sample 15 adults
14 448 15 adults
15 adults 16 ,
17 we 18 found
18 found 21 dedifferentiation
18 found 22 between
19 no 21 dedifferentiation
20 factorial 21 dedifferentiation
22 between 25 and
23 face 24 cognition
24 cognition 25 and
25 and 27 cognition
26 general 27 cognition

age - related differences in face memory were still salient after taking into account changes in general cognitive functioning . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 age 8 were
2 - 3 related
3 related 4 differences
3 related 5 in
3 related 8 were
5 in 7 memory
6 face 7 memory
8 were 9 still
8 were 10 salient
10 salient 11 after
11 after 12 taking
11 after 15 changes
12 taking 14 account
12 taking 15 changes
13 into 14 account
15 changes 16 in
15 changes 19 functioning
17 general 19 functioning
18 cognitive 19 functioning

face cognition thus remains a specific human ability compared with general cognition , even until old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 face 2 cognition
2 cognition 4 remains
3 thus 4 remains
4 remains 8 ability
5 a 6 specific
5 a 8 ability
6 specific 8 ability
7 human 8 ability
8 ability 9 compared
9 compared 10 with
9 compared 13 ,
9 compared 14 even
10 with 12 cognition
11 general 12 cognition
14 even 15 until
15 until 17 age
16 old 17 age

we discuss implications for models of cognitive aging and suggest that it is necessary to include more explicitly special social abilities in those models . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 9 and
2 discuss 3 implications
2 discuss 4 for
2 discuss 9 and
4 for 5 models
5 models 6 of
6 of 8 aging
7 cognitive 8 aging
9 and 10 suggest
9 and 18 explicitly
9 and 21 abilities
10 suggest 11 that
11 that 12 it
11 that 13 is
12 it 13 is
13 is 14 necessary
14 necessary 15 to
14 necessary 16 include
15 to 16 include
17 more 18 explicitly
19 special 21 abilities
20 social 21 abilities
21 abilities 22 in
22 in 24 models
23 those 24 models

we charted daily variations in intrusive thoughts to gain access to adult age differences in affective reactivity to daily stressors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 charted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 we 2 charted
2 charted 4 variations
2 charted 5 in
2 charted 8 to
2 charted 11 to
2 charted 18 to
3 daily 4 variations
5 in 7 thoughts
6 intrusive 7 thoughts
8 to 9 gain
9 gain 10 access
11 to 14 differences
12 adult 14 differences
13 age 14 differences
14 differences 15 in
15 in 17 reactivity
16 affective 17 reactivity
18 to 20 stressors
19 daily 20 stressors

on 100 days , 101 [younger] and 103 older adults reported stressors , intrusive thoughts , and negative [affect] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 on 3 days
1 on 4 ,
1 on 10 adults
2 100 3 days
5 101 7 and
7 and 8 103
7 and 10 adults
9 older 10 adults
10 adults 17 and
11 reported 12 stressors
11 reported 17 and
12 stressors 15 thoughts
13 , 15 thoughts
14 intrusive 15 thoughts
15 thoughts 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 negative

although increments in intrusive thoughts were similar in both age groups on days with stressors , older adults ' negative [affect] increased less than younger adults ' on such days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 negative
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 although 2 increments
1 although 6 were
1 although 16 ,
1 although 20 negative
2 increments 3 in
2 increments 6 were
3 in 5 thoughts
4 intrusive 5 thoughts
6 were 7 similar
7 similar 8 in
7 similar 12 on
8 in 11 groups
9 both 11 groups
10 age 11 groups
12 on 13 days
13 days 14 with
14 with 15 stressors
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 '
19 ' 20 negative
20 negative 22 increased
22 increased 23 less
22 increased 24 than
24 than 27 '
24 than 28 on
25 younger 26 adults
26 adults 27 '
28 on 30 days
29 such 30 days

relative to younger adults , all three associations were reduced in older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 relative 2 to
1 relative 5 ,
1 relative 8 associations
2 to 4 adults
3 younger 4 adults
6 all 7 three
7 three 8 associations
8 associations 9 were
9 were 10 reduced
10 reduced 11 in
11 in 13 adults
12 older 13 adults

we tentatively conclude that normal aging dampens the stress [-] induced link between intrusive thoughts and affect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 16 and
2 tentatively 3 conclude
3 conclude 6 aging
3 conclude 7 dampens
3 conclude 16 and
4 that 6 aging
5 normal 6 aging
6 aging 7 dampens
7 dampens 12 link
7 dampens 13 between
8 the 12 link
9 stress 11 induced
11 induced 12 link
13 between 15 thoughts
14 intrusive 15 thoughts
16 and 17 affect

this dampening may contribute to preserved affective well - being and reduced affective reactivity to daily stress in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 dampening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 this 2 dampening
2 dampening 3 may
3 may 4 contribute
4 contribute 5 to
5 to 8 well
6 preserved 8 well
7 affective 8 well
9 - 11 and
9 - 21 .
10 being 11 and
11 and 14 reactivity
11 and 15 to
12 reduced 14 reactivity
13 affective 14 reactivity
15 to 17 stress
16 daily 17 stress
17 stress 18 in
18 in 20 age
19 old 20 age

this study examined competing substantive hypotheses about dynamic ( i.e [.] , time - ordered ) links between memory and functional limitations in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 6 hypotheses
4 competing 6 hypotheses
5 substantive 6 hypotheses
6 hypotheses 7 about
6 hypotheses 18 between
7 about 17 links
8 dynamic 13 time
8 dynamic 16 )
8 dynamic 17 links
9 ( 13 time
10 i.e 12 ,
10 i.e 13 time
13 time 15 ordered
13 time 16 )
14 - 15 ordered
15 ordered 16 )
18 between 20 and
19 memory 20 and
20 and 22 limitations
20 and 23 in
21 functional 22 limitations
23 in 25 age
24 old 25 age

we applied the bivariate dual change score model to 13 - year longitudinal data from the asset and health dynamics among the oldest [old] study ( ahead [;] n = 6,990 [;] ages 70 - 95 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 we 2 applied
2 applied 8 model
2 applied 9 to
3 the 8 model
4 bivariate 5 dual
5 dual 6 change
6 change 7 score
7 score 8 model
9 to 10 13
10 13 14 data
11 - 14 data
12 year 14 data
13 longitudinal 14 data
14 data 15 from
14 data 37 )
15 from 21 among
16 the 21 among
17 asset 18 and
18 and 19 health
19 health 20 dynamics
20 dynamics 21 among
21 among 27 ahead
21 among 33 ages
22 the 27 ahead
23 oldest 25 study
25 study 27 ahead
26 ( 27 ahead
27 ahead 30 =
27 ahead 33 ages
29 n 30 =
30 = 31 6,990
33 ages 35 -
34 70 35 -
35 - 36 95

results revealed that better memory predicted shallower increases in functional limitations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 results 2 revealed
2 revealed 3 that
3 that 5 memory
3 that 6 predicted
4 better 5 memory
5 memory 6 predicted
6 predicted 8 increases
6 predicted 9 in
7 shallower 8 increases
9 in 11 limitations
10 functional 11 limitations

little evidence was found for the opposite direction that functional limitations predict ensuing changes in memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 little 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 was
3 was 4 found
4 found 5 for
4 found 15 in
5 for 8 direction
6 the 8 direction
7 opposite 8 direction
8 direction 9 that
8 direction 12 predict
9 that 11 limitations
9 that 12 predict
10 functional 11 limitations
11 limitations 12 predict
12 predict 14 changes
13 ensuing 14 changes
15 in 16 memory

spline models indicated that dynamic associations between memory and functional limitations were substantively similar between participants aged 70 - 79 and those aged 80 - 95 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 spline 2 models
2 models 3 indicated
3 indicated 4 that
4 that 9 and
4 that 12 were
5 dynamic 6 associations
6 associations 7 between
6 associations 9 and
7 between 8 memory
9 and 11 limitations
9 and 12 were
10 functional 11 limitations
12 were 13 substantively
12 were 14 similar
14 similar 15 between
15 between 21 and
16 participants 17 aged
16 participants 21 and
17 aged 19 -
18 70 19 -
19 - 20 79
21 and 22 those
21 and 23 aged
23 aged 25 -
24 80 25 -
25 - 26 95

potential covariates ( gender , education , health conditions , and depressive symptoms ) did not account for these differential lead - lag associations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 covariates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 potential 2 covariates
2 covariates 11 and
2 covariates 15 did
3 ( 11 and
4 gender 5 ,
5 , 6 education
5 , 7 ,
7 , 9 conditions
7 , 11 and
8 health 9 conditions
10 , 11 and
11 and 13 symptoms
11 and 14 )
12 depressive 13 symptoms
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 account
17 account 18 for
18 for 20 differential
19 these 20 differential
20 differential 21 lead
22 - 24 associations
23 lag 24 associations

applying a multivariate approach , our results suggest that late - life developments in two key components of successful aging are intrinsically interrelated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 applying 4 approach
1 applying 5 ,
1 applying 7 results
2 a 4 approach
3 multivariate 4 approach
6 our 7 results
7 results 8 suggest
8 suggest 9 that
9 that 13 developments
9 that 23 interrelated
10 late 11 -
10 late 12 life
12 life 13 developments
13 developments 14 in
13 developments 18 of
13 developments 21 are
14 in 17 components
15 two 17 components
16 key 17 components
18 of 20 aging
19 successful 20 aging
21 are 23 interrelated
22 intrinsically 23 interrelated

our discussion focuses on possible mechanisms [why] cognitive functioning may serve as a source of age - related changes in health [both] among the young - old and the old - old . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focuses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 our 2 discussion
2 discussion 3 focuses
3 focuses 4 on
3 focuses 12 as
4 on 6 mechanisms
5 possible 6 mechanisms
6 mechanisms 9 functioning
6 mechanisms 11 serve
8 cognitive 9 functioning
9 functioning 10 may
10 may 11 serve
12 as 14 source
13 a 14 source
14 source 15 of
15 of 16 age
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 changes
19 changes 20 in
20 in 28 and
21 health 23 among
21 health 28 and
23 among 27 old
24 the 27 old
25 young 26 -
25 young 27 old
28 and 32 old
29 the 32 old
30 old 31 -
30 old 32 old

how [do] [aging] and prior knowledge affect memory and metamemory ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ?
1 how 4 and
4 and 6 knowledge
4 and 7 affect
5 prior 6 knowledge
7 affect 9 and
8 memory 9 and
9 and 10 metamemory

we explored this question in the context of a dual - process approach to judgments of learning ( jols ) , which require people to predict their ability to remember information at a later time . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 we 2 explored
2 explored 4 question
2 explored 14 to
3 this 4 question
4 question 5 in
5 in 7 context
6 the 7 context
7 context 8 of
8 of 13 approach
9 a 10 dual
9 a 13 approach
10 dual 11 -
10 dual 13 approach
12 process 13 approach
14 to 15 judgments
15 judgments 16 of
15 judgments 19 jols
16 of 17 learning
18 ( 19 jols
19 jols 20 )
21 , 22 which
21 , 23 require
22 which 23 require
23 require 24 people
23 require 25 to
23 require 29 to
23 require 30 remember
25 to 26 predict
26 predict 28 ability
27 their 28 ability
29 to 30 remember
30 remember 31 information
30 remember 32 at
32 at 35 time
33 a 35 time
34 later 35 time

young and older adults ( n = 36 , mean ages [=] [20.2] [&] 73.1 ) studied the names of actors who were famous in [the] 1950 s or 1990 s , providing a jol for each . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 studied
1 young 2 and
2 and 4 adults
2 and 7 =
2 and 11 ages
2 and 17 studied
3 older 4 adults
5 ( 7 =
6 n 7 =
7 = 8 36
9 , 11 ages
10 mean 11 ages
11 ages 15 73.1
11 ages 16 )
17 studied 19 names
18 the 19 names
19 names 20 of
20 of 21 actors
21 actors 22 who
21 actors 23 were
22 who 23 were
23 were 24 famous
24 famous 25 in
24 famous 33 providing
25 in 29 or
27 1950 28 s
28 s 29 or
29 or 31 s
30 1990 31 s
32 , 33 providing
33 providing 35 jol
33 providing 36 for
33 providing 38 .
34 a 35 jol
36 for 37 each

recognition memory for studied [and] unstudied actors was then assessed using a recollect/know/no - memory ( r/k/n ) judgment task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 recognition 2 memory
2 memory 3 for
2 memory 8 was
3 for 7 actors
4 studied 7 actors
6 unstudied 7 actors
8 was 9 then
8 was 10 assessed
10 assessed 11 using
11 using 20 task
12 a 20 task
13 recollect/know/no 15 memory
13 recollect/know/no 20 task
14 - 15 memory
15 memory 17 r/k/n
15 memory 18 )
16 ( 17 r/k/n
17 r/k/n 18 )
19 judgment 20 task

results showed that prior knowledge increased recollection in both age groups such that older adults recollected significantly more 1950s actors than younger adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 7 recollection
2 showed 8 in
2 showed 10 age
2 showed 11 groups
3 that 4 prior
4 prior 7 recollection
5 knowledge 6 increased
6 increased 7 recollection
8 in 9 both
10 age 11 groups
11 groups 13 that
11 groups 21 than
12 such 13 that
13 that 15 adults
13 that 16 recollected
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 recollected
16 recollected 20 actors
17 significantly 18 more
18 more 20 actors
19 1950s 20 actors
21 than 23 adults
22 younger 23 adults

also , for both age groups and both decades , actors judged r at test garnered significantly higher jols at study than actors judged k or n . however , while the young showed benefits of prior knowledge on relative jol accuracy , older adults did not , showing lower levels of jol accuracy for 1950s actors despite having higher recollection [for] , and knowledge about , those actors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 also
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 also 11 actors
1 also 12 judged
2 , 3 for
3 for 7 and
3 for 10 ,
3 for 11 actors
4 both 7 and
5 age 6 groups
6 groups 7 and
7 and 9 decades
8 both 9 decades
11 actors 12 judged
12 judged 13 r
12 judged 14 at
14 at 19 jols
15 test 16 garnered
16 garnered 19 jols
17 significantly 18 higher
18 higher 19 jols
19 jols 20 at
20 at 21 study
22 than 23 actors
22 than 24 judged
23 actors 24 judged
24 judged 26 or
25 k 26 or
26 or 27 n
28 . 45 adults
28 . 67 ,
28 . 70 .
29 however 45 adults
30 , 31 while
31 while 33 young
31 while 34 showed
31 while 43 ,
31 while 45 adults
32 the 33 young
33 young 34 showed
34 showed 35 benefits
34 showed 42 accuracy
35 benefits 36 of
36 of 38 knowledge
37 prior 38 knowledge
38 knowledge 39 on
39 on 41 jol
40 relative 41 jol
44 older 45 adults
45 adults 46 did
46 did 47 not
46 did 49 showing
48 , 49 showing
49 showing 51 levels
49 showing 55 for
49 showing 58 despite
49 showing 67 ,
50 lower 51 levels
51 levels 52 of
52 of 54 accuracy
53 jol 54 accuracy
55 for 57 actors
56 1950s 57 actors
58 despite 59 having
59 having 64 and
59 having 66 about
60 higher 61 recollection
61 recollection 64 and
63 , 64 and
64 and 65 knowledge
67 , 69 actors
68 those 69 actors

overall , the data suggest that prior knowledge can be a double - edged sword , increasing the availability of details that can support later recollection , but also increasing nondiagnostic feelings of familiarity that can reduce the accuracy of memory predictions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 data
3 the 4 data
4 data 5 suggest
5 suggest 6 that
6 that 8 knowledge
6 that 10 be
7 prior 8 knowledge
8 knowledge 9 can
9 can 10 be
10 be 15 sword
11 a 12 double
11 a 15 sword
12 double 13 -
12 double 15 sword
14 edged 15 sword
15 sword 17 increasing
16 , 17 increasing
17 increasing 19 availability
17 increasing 27 ,
18 the 19 availability
19 availability 20 of
20 of 21 details
21 details 22 that
21 details 23 can
22 that 23 can
23 can 24 support
24 support 26 recollection
25 later 26 recollection
27 , 28 but
28 but 32 feelings
28 but 37 reduce
29 also 32 feelings
30 increasing 32 feelings
31 nondiagnostic 32 feelings
32 feelings 33 of
32 feelings 35 that
32 feelings 36 can
32 feelings 37 reduce
33 of 34 familiarity
35 that 36 can
37 reduce 39 accuracy
38 the 39 accuracy
39 accuracy 40 of
40 of 42 predictions
41 memory 42 predictions

two hundred participants , 50 in each of four age ranges ( 19 - 29 , 30 - 49 , 50 - 69 , 70 - 90 ) were tested for working memory , speed of processing , and the processing of sentences with relative clauses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 participants
3 participants 5 50
3 participants 18 -
3 participants 29 were
4 , 5 50
5 50 6 in
5 50 8 of
5 50 10 age
5 50 11 ranges
5 50 14 -
5 50 16 ,
6 in 7 each
8 of 9 four
10 age 11 ranges
12 ( 14 -
13 19 14 -
14 - 15 29
14 - 16 ,
16 , 18 -
17 30 18 -
18 - 19 49
18 - 22 -
18 - 26 -
18 - 28 )
20 , 22 -
21 50 22 -
22 - 23 69
22 - 24 ,
24 , 26 -
25 70 26 -
26 - 27 90
26 - 28 )
29 were 30 tested
30 tested 31 for
30 tested 44 with
31 for 32 working
32 working 39 and
33 memory 34 ,
34 , 35 speed
34 , 39 and
35 speed 36 of
36 of 37 processing
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 processing
39 and 42 of
40 the 41 processing
42 of 43 sentences
44 with 46 clauses
45 relative 46 clauses

in experiment 1 , participants read four sentence types ( cleft subject , cleft object , subject - subject , subject - object ) in a word - by [-] word , [non] - cumulative , self [-] paced reading task and made speeded plausibility judgments about them . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 read
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 participants
2 experiment 3 1
5 participants 6 read
6 read 7 four
7 four 9 types
7 four 17 subject
8 sentence 9 types
9 types 15 object
9 types 17 subject
10 ( 15 object
11 cleft 15 object
12 subject 13 ,
12 subject 15 object
14 cleft 15 object
15 object 16 ,
17 subject 22 -
17 subject 25 in
18 - 22 -
19 subject 20 ,
19 subject 21 subject
21 subject 22 -
22 - 23 object
22 - 24 )
25 in 27 word
26 a 27 word
27 word 29 by
27 word 37 self
28 - 29 by
29 by 31 word
29 by 32 ,
34 - 37 self
35 cumulative 36 ,
35 cumulative 37 self
37 self 42 and
37 self 47 about
37 self 49 .
39 paced 41 task
39 paced 42 and
40 reading 41 task
42 and 43 made
43 made 45 plausibility
43 made 46 judgments
44 speeded 45 plausibility
47 about 48 them

in experiment 2 , participants read two types of sentences , one of which contained a doubly [center] embedded relative clause . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 contained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 experiment
1 in 12 one
2 experiment 3 2
2 experiment 5 participants
4 , 5 participants
5 participants 6 read
5 participants 11 ,
6 read 8 types
7 two 8 types
8 types 9 of
9 of 10 sentences
12 one 13 of
12 one 15 contained
13 of 14 which
15 contained 21 clause
16 a 21 clause
17 doubly 19 embedded
19 embedded 21 clause
20 relative 21 clause

older participants ' comprehension was less accurate and there was age - related slowing of online processing times in all but the simplest sentences , which increased in syntactically complex sentences in experiment 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 comprehension
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
1 older 2 participants
2 participants 3 '
3 ' 4 comprehension
4 comprehension 5 was
5 was 6 less
5 was 7 accurate
8 and 9 there
8 and 10 was
9 there 10 was
10 was 11 age
11 age 17 processing
12 - 13 related
13 related 14 slowing
13 related 17 processing
14 slowing 15 of
15 of 16 online
17 processing 18 times
17 processing 19 in
19 in 20 all
20 all 21 but
21 but 24 sentences
22 the 23 simplest
22 the 24 sentences
24 sentences 26 which
25 , 26 which
26 which 27 increased
26 which 35 .
27 increased 28 in
27 increased 32 in
28 in 31 sentences
29 syntactically 30 complex
30 complex 31 sentences
32 in 33 experiment
33 experiment 34 1

this pattern suggests an age - related decrease in the efficiency of parsing and interpretation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pattern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 related
1 this 2 pattern
2 pattern 3 suggests
3 suggests 5 age
4 an 5 age
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 decrease
7 related 9 in
7 related 16 .
9 in 14 and
10 the 11 efficiency
11 efficiency 12 of
11 efficiency 14 and
12 of 13 parsing
14 and 15 interpretation

slower speed of processing and lower working memory were associated with longer online processing times only in experiment 2 , suggesting that task - related operations are related to general speed of processing and working memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 slower 8 memory
2 speed 3 of
2 speed 5 and
3 of 4 processing
5 and 6 lower
5 and 8 memory
7 working 8 memory
8 memory 9 were
9 were 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 15 times
11 with 16 only
11 with 17 in
12 longer 15 times
13 online 15 times
14 processing 15 times
17 in 18 experiment
18 experiment 19 2
20 , 26 operations
20 , 27 are
21 suggesting 22 that
21 suggesting 23 task
21 suggesting 24 -
21 suggesting 26 operations
25 related 26 operations
26 operations 27 are
27 are 34 and
28 related 29 to
28 related 34 and
29 to 31 speed
30 general 31 speed
31 speed 32 of
32 of 33 processing
34 and 35 working
34 and 36 memory

lower working memory was not associated with longer reading times in more complex sentences , consistent with the view that general working memory is not critically involved in online syntactic processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 lower 3 memory
2 working 3 memory
3 memory 4 was
4 was 5 not
4 was 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
6 associated 15 ,
6 associated 16 consistent
7 with 10 times
8 longer 9 reading
9 reading 10 times
10 times 11 in
11 in 14 sentences
12 more 14 sentences
13 complex 14 sentences
16 consistent 17 with
17 with 19 view
17 with 25 not
17 with 27 involved
18 the 19 view
19 view 20 that
20 that 23 memory
20 that 24 is
21 general 23 memory
22 working 23 memory
23 memory 24 is
25 not 26 critically
26 critically 27 involved
27 involved 28 in
28 in 31 processing
29 online 31 processing
30 syntactic 31 processing

longer online processing at the most demanding point in the most demanding sentence was associated with better comprehension , indicating that it reflects effective processing under some certain circumstances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 processing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 associated
1 longer 3 processing
2 online 3 processing
3 processing 4 at
3 processing 14 was
4 at 8 point
5 the 8 point
6 most 7 demanding
7 demanding 8 point
8 point 9 in
9 in 13 sentence
10 the 13 sentence
11 most 12 demanding
12 demanding 13 sentence
14 was 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 18 comprehension
17 better 18 comprehension
18 comprehension 20 indicating
19 , 20 indicating
20 indicating 21 that
20 indicating 30 .
21 that 22 it
21 that 23 reflects
22 it 23 reflects
23 reflects 25 processing
23 reflects 26 under
24 effective 25 processing
26 under 29 circumstances
27 some 29 circumstances
28 certain 29 circumstances

however , the poorer comprehension performance of older individuals indicates that their slower online processing reflects inefficient processing even at these points . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 indicates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 6 performance
3 the 6 performance
4 poorer 5 comprehension
5 comprehension 6 performance
6 performance 7 of
6 performance 10 indicates
7 of 9 individuals
8 older 9 individuals
10 indicates 11 that
11 that 15 processing
11 that 16 reflects
12 their 15 processing
13 slower 15 processing
14 online 15 processing
15 processing 16 reflects
16 reflects 18 processing
17 inefficient 18 processing
18 processing 19 even
19 even 20 at
20 at 22 points
21 these 22 points

some wood substances such as ellagitannins can be extracted during wine aging in oak barrels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 substances
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 extracted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 some 3 substances
2 wood 3 substances
3 substances 5 as
3 substances 7 can
4 such 5 as
5 as 6 ellagitannins
7 can 8 be
8 be 9 extracted
9 extracted 10 during
10 during 11 wine
11 wine 12 aging
12 aging 13 in
13 in 15 barrels
14 oak 15 barrels

the level of these hydrolyzable tannins in wine [depends] of some parameters of oak wood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 level
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 tannins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 level
2 level 3 of
2 level 6 tannins
3 of 5 hydrolyzable
4 these 5 hydrolyzable
6 tannins 7 in
7 in 8 wine
8 wine 10 of
10 of 12 parameters
11 some 12 parameters
12 parameters 13 of
13 of 15 wood
14 oak 15 wood

their impact on the organoleptic perception of red wine is poorly known . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 their 2 impact
2 impact 3 on
2 impact 10 is
3 on 6 perception
4 the 6 perception
5 organoleptic 6 perception
6 perception 7 of
7 of 9 wine
8 red 9 wine
10 is 12 known
11 poorly 12 known

in our research , oak staves were classified in three different groups according to their level of ellagitannins estimated by nirs ( near infrared spectroscopy ) online procedure ( oakscan ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 oak
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 classified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 3 research
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 oak
2 our 3 research
5 oak 6 staves
5 oak 7 were
5 oak 8 classified
6 staves 7 were
8 classified 9 in
8 classified 14 to
8 classified 28 procedure
9 in 12 groups
10 three 12 groups
11 different 12 groups
13 according 14 to
14 to 16 level
15 their 16 level
16 level 17 of
17 of 18 ellagitannins
18 ellagitannins 19 estimated
19 estimated 20 by
19 estimated 23 near
20 by 21 nirs
22 ( 23 near
23 near 25 spectroscopy
23 near 26 )
24 infrared 25 spectroscopy
27 online 28 procedure
28 procedure 30 oakscan
29 ( 30 oakscan
30 oakscan 31 )

first , the ellagitannin level and composition were determine for each classified stave and an excellent correlation between the nirs classification ( low , medium and high potential level of ellagitannin ) and the ellagitannin content estimated by hplc - uv was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 first 2 ,
1 first 6 and
3 the 5 level
4 ellagitannin 5 level
5 level 6 and
6 and 7 composition
6 and 8 were
8 were 9 determine
9 determine 10 for
9 determine 41 uv
9 determine 43 found
10 for 14 and
11 each 13 stave
12 classified 13 stave
13 stave 14 and
14 and 17 correlation
14 and 18 between
15 an 17 correlation
16 excellent 17 correlation
18 between 21 classification
19 the 21 classification
20 nirs 21 classification
21 classification 33 and
22 ( 33 and
23 low 24 ,
24 , 25 medium
24 , 26 and
26 and 29 level
26 and 32 )
26 and 33 and
27 high 29 level
28 potential 29 level
29 level 30 of
30 of 31 ellagitannin
33 and 36 content
33 and 40 -
34 the 36 content
35 ellagitannin 36 content
36 content 37 estimated
36 content 38 by
38 by 39 hplc
41 uv 42 was
42 was 43 found

each different group of nirs classified staves was then added to red wine during its aging in a stainless tank , and the extraction and evolution of the ellagitannins were monitored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 added
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 each 3 group
2 different 3 group
3 group 4 of
3 group 8 was
4 of 7 staves
5 nirs 6 classified
6 classified 7 staves
8 was 10 added
9 then 10 added
10 added 11 to
10 added 12 red
11 to 12 red
12 red 13 wine
13 wine 14 during
14 during 16 aging
15 its 16 aging
16 aging 17 in
17 in 20 tank
18 a 20 tank
19 stainless 20 tank
21 , 22 and
22 and 25 and
22 and 31 monitored
23 the 24 extraction
24 extraction 25 and
25 and 26 evolution
25 and 27 of
25 and 30 were
27 of 29 ellagitannins
28 the 29 ellagitannins
30 were 31 monitored

a good correlation between the nirs classification and the concentration of ellagitannins in red wine aging in contact with the classified staves was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 a 2 good
1 a 3 correlation
2 good 3 correlation
3 correlation 4 between
3 correlation 11 of
3 correlation 13 in
3 correlation 16 aging
3 correlation 23 was
4 between 8 and
5 the 7 classification
6 nirs 7 classification
7 classification 8 and
8 and 10 concentration
9 the 10 concentration
11 of 12 ellagitannins
13 in 15 wine
14 red 15 wine
16 aging 17 in
16 aging 19 with
17 in 18 contact
19 with 22 staves
20 the 22 staves
21 classified 22 staves
23 was 24 observed

the influence of levels of ellagitannins on the resulting wine perception was estimated by a trained judge 's panel , and it reveals that the level of ellagitannins in wine has an impact on the roundness and amplitude of the red wine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 influence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 the 2 influence
2 influence 3 of
2 influence 5 of
2 influence 12 was
3 of 4 levels
5 of 6 ellagitannins
6 ellagitannins 7 on
7 on 11 perception
8 the 11 perception
9 resulting 11 perception
10 wine 11 perception
12 was 13 estimated
13 estimated 14 by
14 by 19 panel
15 a 17 judge
16 trained 17 judge
17 judge 18 's
18 's 19 panel
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 it
21 and 23 reveals
22 it 23 reveals
23 reveals 24 that
24 that 26 level
24 that 31 has
25 the 26 level
26 level 27 of
26 level 31 has
27 of 28 ellagitannins
28 ellagitannins 29 in
29 in 30 wine
31 has 33 impact
31 has 34 on
32 an 33 impact
34 on 37 and
35 the 36 roundness
36 roundness 37 and
37 and 38 amplitude
37 and 39 of
39 of 42 wine
40 the 42 wine
41 red 42 wine

the shortage of physicians and resultant lack of access to care [particularly] on the rural neighbor islands of hawaii has been well described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 shortage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 shortage
2 shortage 3 of
2 shortage 20 has
3 of 5 and
4 physicians 5 and
5 and 7 lack
5 and 8 of
5 and 10 to
5 and 18 of
6 resultant 7 lack
8 of 9 access
10 to 11 care
11 care 13 on
13 on 17 islands
14 the 17 islands
15 rural 16 neighbor
16 neighbor 17 islands
18 of 19 hawaii
20 has 21 been
21 been 22 well
22 well 23 described

a recent report in the december issue of this journal by withy , et al . documents a current shortage of 45 physicians on the big island . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 documents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 a 2 recent
1 a 3 report
2 recent 3 report
3 report 4 in
3 report 8 of
3 report 17 documents
4 in 7 issue
5 the 7 issue
6 december 7 issue
8 of 10 journal
9 this 10 journal
10 journal 11 by
11 by 15 al
12 withy 15 al
13 , 15 al
14 et 15 al
15 al 16 .
17 documents 20 shortage
17 documents 24 on
18 a 19 current
18 a 20 shortage
19 current 20 shortage
20 shortage 21 of
21 of 23 physicians
22 45 23 physicians
24 on 27 island
25 the 27 island
26 big 27 island

[(] 1 [ )(similar reports suggest that hawaii 's physician workforce lags 20 % behind physician to population ratios in the continental us . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 reports
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 1 5 reports
4 )(similar 5 reports
5 reports 6 suggest
6 suggest 16 physician
6 suggest 17 to
6 suggest 20 in
7 that 8 hawaii
8 hawaii 9 's
9 's 16 physician
10 physician 12 lags
11 workforce 12 lags
12 lags 15 behind
13 20 14 %
14 % 15 behind
15 behind 16 physician
17 to 19 ratios
18 population 19 ratios
20 in 23 us
21 the 23 us
22 continental 23 us

it is projected that the aging population and the heavy burden of chronic disease will increase demand for health services by 40 % by 2020 and even higher for specialties that focus on the care of elders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 projected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 projected
3 projected 26 and
4 that 17 demand
5 the 7 population
6 aging 7 population
7 population 8 and
8 and 11 burden
8 and 12 of
8 and 17 demand
9 the 11 burden
10 heavy 11 burden
12 of 15 will
13 chronic 14 disease
14 disease 15 will
16 increase 17 demand
17 demand 18 for
17 demand 24 by
17 demand 26 and
18 for 20 services
19 health 20 services
20 services 21 by
21 by 23 %
22 40 23 %
24 by 25 2020
26 and 28 higher
27 even 28 higher
28 higher 29 for
28 higher 33 on
29 for 30 specialties
30 specialties 31 that
30 specialties 32 focus
31 that 32 focus
33 on 35 care
34 the 35 care
35 care 36 of
36 of 37 elders

the existing physician shortage is heightened by the high percentage of doctors reaching retirement age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shortage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 heightened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 4 shortage
2 existing 3 physician
3 physician 4 shortage
4 shortage 5 is
5 is 6 heightened
6 heightened 7 by
7 by 10 percentage
8 the 10 percentage
9 high 10 percentage
10 percentage 11 of
11 of 12 doctors
12 doctors 13 reaching
13 reaching 15 age
14 retirement 15 age

high business and living costs coupled with low reimbursement for health services makes it difficult to be competitive when recruiting physicians to hawaii . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 high
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 makes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 high 3 and
1 high 6 coupled
1 high 13 makes
2 business 3 and
3 and 5 costs
3 and 6 coupled
4 living 5 costs
6 coupled 7 with
6 coupled 10 for
7 with 9 reimbursement
8 low 9 reimbursement
10 for 12 services
11 health 12 services
13 makes 14 it
13 makes 23 hawaii
14 it 15 difficult
15 difficult 16 to
15 difficult 22 to
16 to 17 be
17 be 18 competitive
18 competitive 19 when
19 when 20 recruiting
20 recruiting 21 physicians
20 recruiting 22 to

are there evidence based solutions to the state rural primary care workforce crisis ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ?
1 are 5 solutions
2 there 5 solutions
3 evidence 4 based
4 based 5 solutions
5 solutions 6 to
6 to 13 crisis
7 the 13 crisis
8 state 13 crisis
9 rural 10 primary
10 primary 13 crisis
11 care 13 crisis
12 workforce 13 crisis

this article describes what is currently in place as well as new initiatives and a ten point plan to lay the framework for an improved state rural training pipeline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 describes
3 describes 4 what
4 what 5 is
5 is 6 currently
5 is 7 in
5 is 11 as
7 in 8 place
9 as 10 well
10 well 11 as
11 as 13 initiatives
12 new 13 initiatives
14 and 17 point
14 and 18 plan
15 a 17 point
16 ten 17 point
17 point 18 plan
18 plan 19 to
18 plan 23 for
19 to 20 lay
20 lay 22 framework
21 the 22 framework
23 for 29 pipeline
24 an 29 pipeline
25 improved 26 state
26 state 29 pipeline
27 rural 28 training
28 training 29 pipeline

age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is one of the major causes of blindness in aging population that progresses with death of retinal pigment epithelium ( rpe ) and photoreceptor degeneration inducing impairment of central vision . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 age 5 degeneration
1 age 9 is
2 - 5 degeneration
3 related 5 degeneration
4 macular 5 degeneration
5 degeneration 7 amd
5 degeneration 8 )
6 ( 7 amd
7 amd 8 )
9 is 10 one
10 one 11 of
10 one 15 of
10 one 17 in
11 of 14 causes
12 the 14 causes
13 major 14 causes
15 of 16 blindness
17 in 18 aging
18 aging 19 population
18 aging 22 with
19 population 20 that
19 population 21 progresses
20 that 21 progresses
22 with 31 and
22 with 34 inducing
23 death 24 of
23 death 31 and
24 of 27 epithelium
25 retinal 27 epithelium
26 pigment 27 epithelium
27 epithelium 29 rpe
28 ( 29 rpe
29 rpe 30 )
31 and 33 degeneration
32 photoreceptor 33 degeneration
34 inducing 35 impairment
35 impairment 36 of
36 of 38 vision
37 central 38 vision

discovery of human induced pluripotent [stem] ( hips ) cells has opened new avenues for the treatment of degenerative diseases using patient - specific stem cells to generate tissues and cells for autologous cell [-] based therapy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discovery
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 has
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 discovery 2 of
1 discovery 11 has
2 of 10 cells
3 human 4 induced
4 induced 10 cells
5 pluripotent 8 hips
5 pluripotent 9 )
5 pluripotent 10 cells
7 ( 8 hips
8 hips 9 )
11 has 14 avenues
11 has 21 using
12 opened 14 avenues
13 new 14 avenues
14 avenues 15 for
15 for 17 treatment
16 the 17 treatment
17 treatment 18 of
18 of 20 diseases
19 degenerative 20 diseases
21 using 26 cells
21 using 27 to
21 using 32 for
22 patient 23 -
22 patient 25 stem
24 specific 25 stem
25 stem 26 cells
27 to 28 generate
28 generate 30 and
29 tissues 30 and
30 and 31 cells
32 for 37 therapy
33 autologous 34 cell
34 cell 36 based
36 based 37 therapy

recently , rpe cells were generated from hips cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 4 cells
3 rpe 4 cells
4 cells 5 were
5 were 6 generated
6 generated 7 from
7 from 9 cells
8 hips 9 cells

however , there is no evidence that those hips - derived rpe possess specific rpe functions that fully distinguish them from other types of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 is
4 is 6 evidence
4 is 21 from
5 no 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
6 evidence 13 possess
7 that 12 rpe
7 that 13 possess
8 those 12 rpe
9 hips 10 -
9 hips 12 rpe
11 derived 12 rpe
12 rpe 13 possess
13 possess 16 functions
14 specific 16 functions
15 rpe 16 functions
16 functions 17 that
16 functions 19 distinguish
17 that 19 distinguish
18 fully 19 distinguish
19 distinguish 20 them
21 from 25 cells
22 other 23 types
23 types 24 of
23 types 25 cells
24 of 25 cells

here , we show for the first time that rpe generated from hips cells under defined conditions exhibit ion transport , membrane potential , polarized vascular endothelial growth factor secretion , and gene expression profile similar to those of native rpe . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 show
4 show 5 for
5 for 8 time
6 the 7 first
6 the 8 time
8 time 9 that
8 time 18 exhibit
9 that 10 rpe
9 that 18 exhibit
10 rpe 11 generated
10 rpe 12 from
10 rpe 18 exhibit
12 from 14 cells
13 hips 14 cells
14 cells 15 under
15 under 17 conditions
16 defined 17 conditions
18 exhibit 32 and
19 ion 20 transport
20 transport 21 ,
21 , 30 secretion
21 , 32 and
22 membrane 30 secretion
23 potential 24 ,
23 potential 28 growth
25 polarized 28 growth
26 vascular 28 growth
27 endothelial 28 growth
28 growth 30 secretion
29 factor 30 secretion
31 , 32 and
32 and 35 profile
32 and 39 of
33 gene 34 expression
34 expression 35 profile
35 profile 36 similar
36 similar 37 to
37 to 38 those
39 of 41 rpe
40 native 41 rpe

the hips - rpe could therefore be a very good candidate for rpe replacement therapy in amd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rpe
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 4 rpe
2 hips 3 -
2 hips 4 rpe
4 rpe 5 could
5 could 7 be
6 therefore 7 be
7 be 11 candidate
8 a 9 very
8 a 11 candidate
9 very 10 good
10 good 11 candidate
11 candidate 12 for
12 for 15 therapy
13 rpe 15 therapy
14 replacement 15 therapy
15 therapy 16 in
16 in 17 amd

however , these cells show rapid telomere shortening , dna chromosomal damage , and increased p21 expression that cause cell growth arrest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 cells
3 these 4 cells
4 cells 5 show
5 show 7 telomere
6 rapid 7 telomere
7 telomere 8 shortening
9 , 14 and
10 dna 12 damage
11 chromosomal 12 damage
12 damage 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 expression
14 and 18 that
14 and 19 cause
15 increased 17 expression
16 p21 17 expression
18 that 19 cause
19 cause 22 arrest
20 cell 22 arrest
21 growth 22 arrest

this rapid senescence might affect the survival of the transplanted cells in vivo and therefore , only the very early passages should be used for regeneration therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 senescence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 rapid
2 rapid 3 senescence
3 senescence 4 might
4 might 5 affect
5 affect 7 survival
5 affect 13 vivo
6 the 7 survival
7 survival 8 of
8 of 11 cells
9 the 11 cells
10 transplanted 11 cells
12 in 13 vivo
14 and 17 only
14 and 24 used
15 therefore 16 ,
15 therefore 17 only
17 only 21 passages
18 the 21 passages
19 very 20 early
20 early 21 passages
21 passages 22 should
22 should 23 be
23 be 24 used
24 used 25 for
25 for 27 therapies
26 regeneration 27 therapies

future research needs to focus on the generation of " safe " as well as viable hips - derived somatic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 future 2 research
2 research 3 needs
3 needs 4 to
3 needs 5 focus
4 to 5 focus
5 focus 6 on
6 on 8 generation
7 the 8 generation
8 generation 9 of
9 of 10 "
9 of 21 cells
11 safe 12 "
11 safe 21 cells
13 as 14 well
14 well 16 viable
15 as 16 viable
16 viable 21 cells
17 hips 18 -
17 hips 21 cells
19 derived 21 cells
20 somatic 21 cells

oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the antioxidant and the reactive oxygen species , which results in damage to cells or tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 stress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 oxidative 2 stress
2 stress 3 is
3 is 4 caused
4 caused 5 by
4 caused 8 between
4 caused 21 to
5 by 7 imbalance
6 an 7 imbalance
8 between 11 and
9 the 10 antioxidant
10 antioxidant 11 and
11 and 15 species
11 and 16 ,
11 and 17 which
11 and 18 results
12 the 15 species
13 reactive 14 oxygen
14 oxygen 15 species
17 which 18 results
18 results 19 in
19 in 20 damage
21 to 23 or
22 cells 23 or
23 or 24 tissues

recent studies have reported that oxidative stress is involved in obesity , in addition to many other human diseases and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 reported
4 reported 5 that
5 that 7 stress
5 that 9 involved
6 oxidative 7 stress
7 stress 8 is
8 is 9 involved
9 involved 10 in
9 involved 13 in
10 in 11 obesity
12 , 13 in
13 in 20 and
13 in 22 .
14 addition 15 to
14 addition 20 and
15 to 19 diseases
16 many 17 other
17 other 19 diseases
18 human 19 diseases
20 and 21 aging

[a] prospective , randomized , double - blind study was performed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin ( asx ) , which is known to be a potent antioxidant , on oxidative stress in overweight and obese adults in korea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 prospective 3 ,
2 prospective 9 study
4 randomized 5 ,
4 randomized 9 study
6 double 7 -
6 double 9 study
8 blind 9 study
9 study 10 was
10 was 11 performed
11 performed 12 to
11 performed 31 on
11 performed 39 in
12 to 13 investigate
13 investigate 15 effect
14 the 15 effect
15 effect 16 of
16 of 17 astaxanthin
17 astaxanthin 19 asx
17 astaxanthin 22 which
18 ( 19 asx
19 asx 20 )
21 , 22 which
22 which 23 is
22 which 30 ,
23 is 24 known
24 known 25 to
24 known 26 be
25 to 26 be
26 be 29 antioxidant
27 a 28 potent
27 a 29 antioxidant
28 potent 29 antioxidant
31 on 33 stress
32 oxidative 33 stress
33 stress 34 in
34 in 38 adults
35 overweight 36 and
36 and 37 obese
36 and 38 adults
39 in 40 korea

twenty - three adults with [bmi] > 25.0 kg/m ( 2 ) enrolled in this study and were randomly assigned to two dose groups [:] asx 5 mg and 20 mg once daily for 3 weeks . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 twenty 2 -
2 - 3 three
2 - 4 adults
4 adults 5 with
4 adults 11 2
4 adults 17 and
5 with 9 kg/m
7 > 8 25.0
8 25.0 9 kg/m
10 ( 11 2
11 2 12 )
13 enrolled 14 in
13 enrolled 17 and
14 in 16 study
15 this 16 study
17 and 18 were
18 were 20 assigned
19 randomly 20 assigned
20 assigned 21 to
20 assigned 29 and
20 assigned 32 once
20 assigned 33 daily
20 assigned 34 for
21 to 26 asx
22 two 26 asx
23 dose 26 asx
24 groups 26 asx
27 5 28 mg
28 mg 29 and
29 and 31 mg
30 20 31 mg
34 for 36 weeks
35 3 36 weeks

malondialdehyde ( mda [ )(, isoprostane ( isp ) , superoxide dismutase ( sod ) and total antioxidant capacity ( tac ) , as oxidative stress biomarkers , were measured at baseline [and] 1 , 2 and 3 weeks after asx administration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 measured
1 malondialdehyde 3 mda
1 malondialdehyde 16 and
2 ( 3 mda
3 mda 12 dismutase
3 mda 15 )
5 )(, 12 dismutase
6 isoprostane 8 isp
6 isoprostane 10 ,
6 isoprostane 11 superoxide
7 ( 8 isp
8 isp 9 )
11 superoxide 12 dismutase
12 dismutase 14 sod
12 dismutase 15 )
13 ( 14 sod
14 sod 15 )
16 and 19 capacity
16 and 21 tac
17 total 19 capacity
18 antioxidant 19 capacity
20 ( 21 tac
21 tac 22 )
23 , 26 stress
23 , 28 ,
24 as 25 oxidative
25 oxidative 26 stress
26 stress 28 ,
27 biomarkers 28 ,
28 , 29 were
29 were 30 measured
30 measured 31 at
31 at 32 baseline
32 baseline 34 1
32 baseline 40 after
35 , 40 after
36 2 37 and
37 and 38 3
37 and 39 weeks
39 weeks 40 after
40 after 42 administration
40 after 43 .
41 asx 42 administration

this study revealed that supplemental asx for 3 weeks improved oxidative stress biomarkers by suppressing lipid peroxidation and stimulating the activity of the antioxidant defense system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 biomarkers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 12 stress
2 study 13 biomarkers
3 revealed 6 asx
4 that 5 supplemental
5 supplemental 6 asx
6 asx 7 for
6 asx 10 improved
6 asx 12 stress
7 for 9 weeks
8 3 9 weeks
10 improved 11 oxidative
13 biomarkers 14 by
13 biomarkers 21 activity
14 by 15 suppressing
15 suppressing 18 and
16 lipid 17 peroxidation
17 peroxidation 18 and
18 and 19 stimulating
20 the 21 activity
21 activity 22 of
22 of 26 system
23 the 26 system
24 antioxidant 25 defense
25 defense 26 system

objective : to test our hypotheses that happiness declines with age , and that age moderates the relationship of other influences on happiness , so that they vary in different age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 test
3 to 4 test
4 test 6 hypotheses
5 our 6 hypotheses
6 hypotheses 7 that
7 that 8 happiness
7 that 9 declines
8 happiness 9 declines
9 declines 10 with
10 with 11 age
12 , 13 and
13 and 15 age
13 and 16 moderates
14 that 15 age
15 age 16 moderates
16 moderates 18 relationship
16 moderates 22 on
16 moderates 26 that
17 the 18 relationship
18 relationship 19 of
19 of 21 influences
20 other 21 influences
22 on 23 happiness
24 , 26 that
25 so 26 that
26 that 27 they
26 that 28 vary
26 that 33 .
27 they 28 vary
28 vary 29 in
29 in 32 groups
30 different 31 age
31 age 32 groups

methods : we analysed data from adults interviewed for the 2007 english national psychiatric morbidity survey , representative of people living in private homes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 analysed
2 : 25 .
3 we 4 analysed
4 analysed 5 data
5 data 6 from
6 from 7 adults
7 adults 8 interviewed
7 adults 19 of
7 adults 21 living
8 interviewed 9 for
8 interviewed 17 ,
8 interviewed 18 representative
9 for 16 survey
10 the 11 2007
11 2007 16 survey
12 english 16 survey
13 national 14 psychiatric
14 psychiatric 15 morbidity
15 morbidity 16 survey
19 of 20 people
21 living 22 in
22 in 24 homes
23 private 24 homes

we compared happiness between younger adults ( aged 16 - 59 ) and those aged 60 - 69 [,] 70 - 79 and 80+ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 13 and
2 compared 23 and
3 happiness 4 between
3 happiness 13 and
4 between 6 adults
5 younger 6 adults
6 adults 8 aged
7 ( 8 aged
8 aged 10 -
8 aged 12 )
9 16 10 -
10 - 11 59
13 and 14 those
15 aged 17 -
15 aged 21 -
15 aged 23 and
16 60 17 -
17 - 18 69
20 70 21 -
21 - 22 79
23 and 24 80+

results : 2746 ( 39.6 % [ )(of people said that they were currently ['] very happy ['] , 3956 ( 52.4 % ) were ['] fairly happy ['] and 697 ( 8.0 % ) were ['] not too happy ['] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 2746
3 2746 6 %
4 ( 6 %
5 39.6 6 %
6 % 8 )(of
6 % 19 ,
8 )(of 9 people
9 people 10 said
9 people 11 that
9 people 13 were
11 that 12 they
11 that 13 were
12 they 13 were
13 were 14 currently
13 were 17 happy
16 very 17 happy
19 , 20 3956
19 , 25 were
19 , 30 and
20 3956 23 %
20 3956 25 were
21 ( 23 %
22 52.4 23 %
23 % 24 )
25 were 27 fairly
25 were 28 happy
30 and 31 697
30 and 36 were
31 697 34 %
31 697 36 were
32 ( 34 %
33 8.0 34 %
34 % 35 )
36 were 38 not
38 not 39 too
39 too 40 happy

levels of happiness did not vary with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 vary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 levels 2 of
1 levels 4 did
2 of 3 happiness
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 vary
6 vary 7 with
7 with 8 age

social capital and participation predicted happiness across the age span . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 social 2 capital
2 capital 3 and
3 and 4 participation
3 and 5 predicted
5 predicted 6 happiness
5 predicted 7 across
7 across 10 span
8 the 10 span
9 age 10 span

however , the impact of several variables was moderated by age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 impact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 moderated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 impact
3 the 4 impact
4 impact 5 of
4 impact 8 was
5 of 7 variables
6 several 7 variables
8 was 9 moderated
9 moderated 10 by
10 by 11 age

compared with younger people , living with a partner more strongly predicted happiness in people in their 70 [s] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 living
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 5 ,
1 compared 6 living
2 with 4 people
3 younger 4 people
6 living 7 with
6 living 12 predicted
7 with 9 partner
8 a 9 partner
10 more 11 strongly
11 strongly 12 predicted
12 predicted 13 happiness
12 predicted 14 in
12 predicted 16 in
14 in 15 people
16 in 18 70
17 their 18 70

attendance at religious services or places and having qualifications were more important predictors of happiness in the oldest old , whereas having a social network of at least three people was relatively less important in this age group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 attendance 2 at
1 attendance 5 or
2 at 4 services
3 religious 4 services
5 or 6 places
7 and 9 qualifications
7 and 10 were
8 having 9 qualifications
9 qualifications 10 were
10 were 13 predictors
10 were 21 whereas
11 more 13 predictors
12 important 13 predictors
13 predictors 14 of
14 of 15 happiness
15 happiness 16 in
16 in 19 old
17 the 18 oldest
17 the 19 old
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 22 having
22 having 25 network
22 having 31 was
23 a 25 network
24 social 25 network
25 network 26 of
26 of 30 people
27 at 28 least
28 least 29 three
29 three 30 people
31 was 32 relatively
31 was 34 important
33 less 34 important
34 important 35 in
35 in 38 group
36 this 38 group
37 age 38 group

conclusion : four out of 10 people reported being very happy , and five out of 10 were fairly happy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 four
2 : 5 of
4 out 5 of
5 of 7 people
6 10 7 people
7 people 8 reported
7 people 9 being
9 being 11 happy
10 very 11 happy
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 five
13 and 18 were
14 five 16 of
14 five 18 were
15 out 16 of
16 of 17 10
18 were 20 happy
19 fairly 20 happy

this is higher than levels reported in earlier surveys . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 higher
3 higher 4 than
4 than 5 levels
5 levels 6 reported
6 reported 7 in
7 in 9 surveys
8 earlier 9 surveys

our findings suggest that interventions that increase social capital and participation may augment general happiness , health and recovery from illness and this would be an interesting area for future study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 interventions
4 that 25 be
5 interventions 6 that
5 interventions 10 and
5 interventions 24 would
6 that 10 and
7 increase 9 capital
7 increase 10 and
8 social 9 capital
10 and 13 augment
11 participation 12 may
12 may 13 augment
13 augment 18 and
14 general 15 happiness
15 happiness 16 ,
16 , 17 health
16 , 18 and
18 and 19 recovery
18 and 20 from
20 from 22 and
21 illness 22 and
22 and 23 this
24 would 25 be
25 be 28 area
26 an 27 interesting
26 an 28 area
27 interesting 28 area
28 area 29 for
29 for 31 study
30 future 31 study

objectives : to explore whether it is possible to [detect] decline in global scores of cognitive [function] in the proximity of death whilst simultaneously investigating potential risk profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 16 cognitive
3 to 4 explore
4 explore 5 whether
5 whether 6 it
5 whether 7 is
6 it 7 is
7 is 8 possible
8 possible 9 to
8 possible 15 of
9 to 11 decline
11 decline 12 in
12 in 14 scores
13 global 14 scores
14 scores 15 of
16 cognitive 18 in
16 cognitive 23 whilst
18 in 20 proximity
19 the 20 proximity
20 proximity 21 of
21 of 22 death
23 whilst 25 investigating
24 simultaneously 25 investigating
25 investigating 28 profiles
26 potential 28 profiles
27 risk 28 profiles

methods : using the mini mental state examination in a population study of the oldest old in which 99 % of participants have died [,] a linear and quadratic time - [to] - [death] repeated measures random effects models were used to detect decline and potential factors which might indicate individual variation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 using
3 using 8 examination
3 using 9 in
4 the 8 examination
5 mini 6 mental
6 mental 7 state
7 state 8 examination
9 in 12 study
10 a 11 population
10 a 12 study
11 population 12 study
12 study 13 of
13 of 16 old
14 the 15 oldest
14 the 16 old
16 old 17 in
17 in 18 which
17 in 20 %
17 in 24 died
19 99 20 %
20 % 21 of
20 % 23 have
21 of 22 participants
23 have 24 died
24 died 30 time
26 a 30 time
27 linear 28 and
28 and 29 quadratic
28 and 30 time
30 time 41 used
31 - 41 used
33 - 35 repeated
35 repeated 38 effects
35 repeated 41 used
36 measures 38 effects
37 random 38 effects
38 effects 39 models
38 effects 40 were
39 models 40 were
41 used 42 to
41 used 50 indicate
41 used 53 .
42 to 43 detect
43 detect 45 and
44 decline 45 and
45 and 46 potential
45 and 47 factors
45 and 50 indicate
47 factors 48 which
47 factors 49 might
47 factors 50 indicate
48 which 49 might
50 indicate 52 variation
51 individual 52 variation

results : decline and acceleration of this decline were detectable in the period before death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 9 were
2 : 16 .
3 decline 4 and
4 and 5 acceleration
4 and 6 of
4 and 9 were
6 of 8 decline
7 this 8 decline
9 were 10 detectable
10 detectable 11 in
10 detectable 14 before
11 in 13 period
12 the 13 period
14 before 15 death

conclusion : using an extension of existing methods for exploring terminal decline [,] the phenomenon of decline in global cognition measures in the proximity [of] death was clearly detected as well as potential variables which could influence that pattern . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 using
2 : 9 for
3 using 5 extension
4 an 5 extension
5 extension 6 of
6 of 8 methods
7 existing 8 methods
9 for 10 exploring
10 exploring 12 decline
10 exploring 22 in
11 terminal 12 decline
12 decline 15 phenomenon
12 decline 21 measures
14 the 15 phenomenon
15 phenomenon 16 of
15 phenomenon 18 in
15 phenomenon 21 measures
16 of 17 decline
18 in 20 cognition
19 global 20 cognition
22 in 24 proximity
23 the 24 proximity
24 proximity 26 death
24 proximity 27 was
24 proximity 29 detected
26 death 27 was
28 clearly 29 detected
29 detected 30 as
29 detected 40 .
30 as 34 variables
30 as 37 influence
31 well 33 potential
32 as 33 potential
33 potential 34 variables
34 variables 35 which
34 variables 36 could
34 variables 37 influence
35 which 36 could
37 influence 39 pattern
38 that 39 pattern

further work is required to explore whether similar methods can be used to detect the onset of the acceleration of this decline in each individual together with the potential to identify individual level factors that can allow clinicians to distinguish between the normal and preterminal phases of change in extreme old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 further 2 work
2 work 3 is
3 is 4 required
4 required 5 to
4 required 13 to
4 required 14 detect
5 to 6 explore
6 explore 7 whether
7 whether 9 methods
7 whether 12 used
8 similar 9 methods
9 methods 10 can
10 can 11 be
11 be 12 used
13 to 14 detect
14 detect 16 onset
15 the 16 onset
16 onset 17 of
16 onset 20 of
17 of 19 acceleration
18 the 19 acceleration
20 of 22 decline
21 this 22 decline
22 decline 23 in
22 decline 25 individual
23 in 24 each
25 individual 26 together
25 individual 27 with
25 individual 30 to
25 individual 31 identify
27 with 29 potential
28 the 29 potential
30 to 31 identify
31 identify 34 factors
31 identify 39 to
31 identify 41 between
31 identify 49 in
32 individual 34 factors
33 level 34 factors
34 factors 35 that
34 factors 36 can
35 that 36 can
36 can 37 allow
37 allow 38 clinicians
39 to 40 distinguish
41 between 44 and
42 the 43 normal
43 normal 44 and
44 and 46 phases
44 and 47 of
45 preterminal 46 phases
47 of 48 change
49 in 52 age
50 extreme 52 age
51 old 52 age

motor overflow [is] involuntary overt movement or covert muscle activity that cooccurs with voluntary movement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 motor 2 overflow
2 overflow 6 movement
4 involuntary 6 movement
5 overt 6 movement
6 movement 7 or
7 or 8 covert
7 or 9 muscle
9 muscle 10 activity
9 muscle 13 with
10 activity 11 that
10 activity 12 cooccurs
11 that 12 cooccurs
13 with 15 movement
14 voluntary 15 movement

overflow is present in several pathological conditions , as well as in neurologically healthy children and older adults , and can be induced in healthy young adults under effortful conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 overflow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 overflow 20 and
2 is 3 present
2 is 20 and
3 present 4 in
4 in 7 conditions
5 several 7 conditions
6 pathological 7 conditions
7 conditions 9 as
8 , 9 as
9 as 16 and
9 as 19 ,
10 well 11 as
10 well 16 and
11 as 12 in
12 in 15 children
13 neurologically 14 healthy
14 healthy 15 children
16 and 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
19 , 20 and
20 and 21 can
20 and 30 conditions
21 can 22 be
22 be 23 induced
23 induced 24 in
23 induced 28 under
24 in 27 adults
25 healthy 27 adults
26 young 27 adults
28 under 29 effortful

this motor phenomenon may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms and kinetic characteristics of voluntary and involuntary motor control in various populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 phenomenon
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 3 phenomenon
2 motor 3 phenomenon
3 phenomenon 4 may
4 may 5 provide
5 provide 6 insight
5 provide 7 into
5 provide 20 in
7 into 11 and
8 the 10 mechanisms
9 underlying 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 and
11 and 13 characteristics
11 and 14 of
12 kinetic 13 characteristics
14 of 19 control
15 voluntary 16 and
16 and 17 involuntary
16 and 18 motor
18 motor 19 control
20 in 22 populations
21 various 22 populations

[although] often measured behaviorally using force transduction techniques , different methods of calculating and presenting such overflow data have resulted in seemingly contradictory findings , with limited discussion of the advantages and limitations of different approaches . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 resulted
2 often 11 methods
3 measured 4 behaviorally
3 measured 5 using
3 measured 9 ,
3 measured 11 methods
5 using 8 techniques
6 force 8 techniques
7 transduction 8 techniques
10 different 11 methods
11 methods 12 of
11 methods 20 resulted
12 of 14 and
13 calculating 14 and
14 and 15 presenting
14 and 18 data
14 and 19 have
16 such 18 data
17 overflow 18 data
18 data 19 have
20 resulted 21 in
20 resulted 26 with
21 in 24 findings
22 seemingly 23 contradictory
23 contradictory 24 findings
25 , 26 with
26 with 28 discussion
26 with 37 .
27 limited 28 discussion
28 discussion 29 of
29 of 32 and
30 the 31 advantages
31 advantages 32 and
32 and 33 limitations
32 and 34 of
34 of 36 approaches
35 different 36 approaches

in this article , the authors examined the relevant literature to highlight significant methodological considerations for authors and readers conducting or appraising this type of research . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 authors
2 this 3 article
5 the 6 authors
6 authors 7 examined
7 examined 10 literature
7 examined 11 to
8 the 10 literature
9 relevant 10 literature
11 to 12 highlight
12 highlight 21 or
12 highlight 26 research
13 significant 15 considerations
14 methodological 15 considerations
15 considerations 16 for
15 considerations 18 and
16 for 17 authors
18 and 19 readers
18 and 20 conducting
20 conducting 21 or
21 or 22 appraising
23 this 24 type
24 type 25 of
24 type 26 research
25 of 26 research

issues regarding the interpretation and reporting of findings are also discussed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 discussed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 issues 2 regarding
1 issues 5 and
2 regarding 4 interpretation
3 the 4 interpretation
5 and 6 reporting
5 and 9 are
6 reporting 7 of
7 of 8 findings
9 are 10 also
9 are 11 discussed

researchers are encouraged to continue using behavioral measures to create well - defined variables that enable the study of the kinematic characteristics [of] overflow , as these may offer promising new ways forward in better characterizing and understanding this intriguing movement phenomenon . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 encouraged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 continue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 researchers 2 are
2 are 3 encouraged
3 encouraged 4 to
3 encouraged 5 continue
4 to 5 continue
5 continue 6 using
6 using 8 measures
6 using 9 to
6 using 10 create
7 behavioral 8 measures
9 to 10 create
10 create 11 well
12 - 14 variables
13 defined 14 variables
14 variables 15 that
14 variables 16 enable
14 variables 30 promising
15 that 16 enable
16 enable 18 study
17 the 18 study
18 study 19 of
18 study 22 characteristics
18 study 29 offer
19 of 21 kinematic
20 the 21 kinematic
22 characteristics 24 overflow
24 overflow 26 as
25 , 26 as
26 as 27 these
26 as 29 offer
27 these 28 may
28 may 29 offer
30 promising 32 ways
30 promising 33 forward
30 promising 34 in
31 new 32 ways
34 in 37 and
35 better 36 characterizing
36 characterizing 37 and
37 and 42 phenomenon
38 understanding 41 movement
39 this 40 intriguing
40 intriguing 41 movement
41 movement 42 phenomenon

phosphatidylserine ( ps ) , which is normally located on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane , translocates [to] the outer leaflet at the early stage of apoptosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 phosphatidylserine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 translocates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 phosphatidylserine 3 ps
1 phosphatidylserine 6 which
1 phosphatidylserine 19 translocates
2 ( 3 ps
3 ps 4 )
5 , 6 which
6 which 7 is
6 which 18 ,
7 is 9 located
8 normally 9 located
9 located 10 on
10 on 13 leaflet
11 the 13 leaflet
12 inner 13 leaflet
13 leaflet 14 of
14 of 17 membrane
15 the 17 membrane
16 plasma 17 membrane
19 translocates 23 leaflet
19 translocates 24 at
21 the 23 leaflet
22 outer 23 leaflet
24 at 27 stage
25 the 27 stage
26 early 27 stage
27 stage 28 of
28 of 29 apoptosis

the ps externalization provides a signal for phagocytes to initiate uptake of apoptotic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 externalization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 3 externalization
2 ps 3 externalization
3 externalization 4 provides
4 provides 6 signal
4 provides 9 to
5 a 6 signal
6 signal 7 for
7 for 8 phagocytes
9 to 10 initiate
10 initiate 11 uptake
11 uptake 12 of
12 of 14 cells
13 apoptotic 14 cells

after phagocytosis of apoptotic cells , phagocytes induce the secretion of anti - inflammatory mediators including prostaglandin e ( 2 ) ( pge ( 2 ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 phagocytes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 after 2 phagocytosis
1 after 6 ,
1 after 7 phagocytes
2 phagocytosis 3 of
3 of 5 cells
4 apoptotic 5 cells
7 phagocytes 8 induce
8 induce 10 secretion
9 the 10 secretion
10 secretion 11 of
11 of 15 mediators
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 15 mediators
14 inflammatory 15 mediators
15 mediators 16 including
16 including 17 prostaglandin
17 prostaglandin 18 e
17 prostaglandin 20 2
17 prostaglandin 23 pge
19 ( 20 2
20 2 21 )
22 ( 23 pge
23 pge 25 2
23 pge 27 )
24 ( 25 2
25 2 26 )

ps - containing liposomes ( psls ) can mimic the effects of apoptotic cells on phagocytes to induce the secretion of pge ( 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ps
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 mimic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 ps 3 containing
1 ps 8 can
2 - 3 containing
3 containing 4 liposomes
3 containing 7 )
4 liposomes 6 psls
5 ( 6 psls
6 psls 7 )
8 can 9 mimic
9 mimic 11 effects
9 mimic 15 on
9 mimic 17 to
10 the 11 effects
11 effects 12 of
12 of 14 cells
13 apoptotic 14 cells
15 on 16 phagocytes
17 to 18 induce
18 induce 20 secretion
19 the 20 secretion
20 secretion 21 of
21 of 22 pge
22 pge 24 2
23 ( 24 2
24 2 25 )

psls induce the pge ( 2 ) secretion from microglia without induction of either cyclooxygenase ( cox ) - [2] or microsomal prostaglandin e synthase ( mpges ) - 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 psls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 induce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 psls 2 induce
2 induce 8 secretion
2 induce 11 without
3 the 8 secretion
4 pge 6 2
4 pge 8 secretion
5 ( 6 2
6 2 7 )
8 secretion 9 from
9 from 10 microglia
11 without 21 or
12 induction 13 of
12 induction 21 or
13 of 15 cyclooxygenase
14 either 15 cyclooxygenase
15 cyclooxygenase 17 cox
16 ( 17 cox
17 cox 18 )
19 - 21 or
21 or 25 synthase
21 or 27 mpges
22 microsomal 23 prostaglandin
23 prostaglandin 24 e
23 prostaglandin 25 synthase
26 ( 27 mpges
27 mpges 28 )
29 - 30 1

psls are found to [rather] utilize cox - 1/mpges - 2 system to produce pge ( 2 ) secretion and then shift microglia and macrophages from pro - [to] anti - inflammatory phenotype by an autocrine action of pge ( 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 psls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
1 psls 2 are
2 are 3 found
3 found 4 to
3 found 12 system
3 found 13 to
4 to 6 utilize
6 utilize 7 cox
7 cox 9 1/mpges
8 - 9 1/mpges
9 1/mpges 10 -
11 2 12 system
13 to 24 and
14 produce 20 and
14 produce 24 and
15 pge 17 2
15 pge 19 secretion
16 ( 17 2
17 2 18 )
19 secretion 20 and
20 and 21 then
20 and 23 microglia
22 shift 23 microglia
24 and 25 macrophages
24 and 26 from
26 from 27 pro
27 pro 33 phenotype
28 - 33 phenotype
30 anti 31 -
30 anti 33 phenotype
32 inflammatory 33 phenotype
33 phenotype 34 by
33 phenotype 38 of
33 phenotype 41 2
33 phenotype 43 .
34 by 37 action
35 an 37 action
36 autocrine 37 action
38 of 39 pge
40 ( 41 2
41 2 42 )

moreover , psls inhibit the maturation of dendritic cells and osteoclast precursors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 psls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 inhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 psls
3 psls 4 inhibit
4 inhibit 6 maturation
5 the 6 maturation
6 maturation 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 dendritic 9 cells
9 cells 10 and
10 and 12 precursors
11 osteoclast 12 precursors

therefore , psls will be potential pharmacological interventions for inflammatory and immune diseases through feedback mechanism utilizing pge ( 2 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 psls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 psls
3 psls 4 will
4 will 5 be
5 be 8 interventions
6 potential 8 interventions
7 pharmacological 8 interventions
8 interventions 9 for
9 for 11 and
10 inflammatory 11 and
11 and 16 mechanism
11 and 17 utilizing
12 immune 13 diseases
13 diseases 16 mechanism
14 through 15 feedback
15 feedback 16 mechanism
17 utilizing 18 pge
18 pge 20 2
19 ( 20 2
20 2 21 )

the effect of continuous visual flow on the ability to regain and [maintain] postural orientation was examined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 effect
2 effect 3 of
2 effect 16 was
3 of 12 and
4 continuous 6 flow
5 visual 6 flow
6 flow 7 on
6 flow 12 and
7 on 9 ability
8 the 9 ability
9 ability 10 to
9 ability 11 regain
10 to 11 regain
12 and 15 orientation
14 postural 15 orientation
16 was 17 examined

fourteen young ( 20 - 39 years old [ )(and 14 older women ( 60 - 79 years old ) stood quietly during 3 ° ( 30°/s ) [dorsiflexion] tilt [of] the support surface combined with 30 ° and 45°/s upward or [downward] pitch rotations of the visual field . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 old
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 fourteen 8 old
2 young 4 20
2 young 5 -
2 young 8 old
3 ( 4 20
4 20 5 -
6 39 7 years
7 years 8 old
10 )(and 11 14
10 )(and 42 or
11 14 13 women
11 14 21 stood
11 14 27 30°/s
11 14 42 or
12 older 13 women
13 women 15 60
13 women 19 old
13 women 21 stood
14 ( 15 60
15 60 16 -
16 - 19 old
17 79 18 years
18 years 19 old
19 old 20 )
21 stood 22 quietly
21 stood 23 during
23 during 25 °
24 3 25 °
26 ( 27 30°/s
27 30°/s 28 )
30 tilt 34 surface
30 tilt 42 or
32 the 34 surface
33 support 34 surface
34 surface 39 and
35 combined 36 with
35 combined 39 and
36 with 38 °
37 30 38 °
39 and 40 45°/s
39 and 41 upward
42 or 44 pitch
44 pitch 45 rotations
45 rotations 46 of
46 of 49 field
47 the 49 field
48 visual 49 field

the support surface was [held] tilted for 30 s and then returned [to] neutral over a 30 - s period while the visual field continued to rotate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 surface
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 surface
2 support 3 surface
3 surface 4 was
4 was 10 and
6 tilted 7 for
6 tilted 10 and
7 for 9 s
8 30 9 s
10 and 12 returned
10 and 15 over
10 and 21 while
11 then 12 returned
12 returned 14 neutral
15 over 20 period
16 a 20 period
17 30 18 -
18 - 19 s
18 - 20 period
21 while 24 field
21 while 25 continued
22 the 24 field
23 visual 24 field
24 field 25 continued
25 continued 26 to
25 continued 27 rotate
26 to 27 rotate

segmental displacement and bilateral tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle emg responses were recorded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 segmental 2 displacement
2 displacement 3 and
3 and 5 tibialis
3 and 7 and
3 and 9 muscle
3 and 12 were
4 bilateral 5 tibialis
6 anterior 7 and
7 and 8 gastrocnemius
7 and 9 muscle
9 muscle 11 responses
10 emg 11 responses
12 were 13 recorded

continuous wavelet transforms were calculated for each muscle emg response . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 continuous
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 continuous 2 wavelet
1 continuous 3 transforms
1 continuous 4 were
2 wavelet 3 transforms
4 were 5 calculated
5 calculated 6 for
6 for 10 response
7 each 10 response
8 muscle 10 response
9 emg 10 response

an instantaneous mean frequency curve [(] imnf [ )(of muscle activity , center [of] mass [(] com ) , [center] of pressure ( cop ) , and angular excursion at the hip and ankle were used in a functional principal component analysis ( fpca ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 an 2 instantaneous
1 an 7 imnf
2 instantaneous 3 mean
3 mean 7 imnf
4 frequency 7 imnf
5 curve 7 imnf
7 imnf 9 )(of
7 imnf 27 and
9 )(of 11 activity
10 muscle 11 activity
11 activity 17 com
11 activity 21 of
12 , 17 com
13 center 17 com
15 mass 17 com
17 com 18 )
19 , 21 of
21 of 22 pressure
21 of 25 )
22 pressure 24 cop
23 ( 24 cop
24 cop 25 )
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 excursion
27 and 30 at
27 and 35 were
28 angular 29 excursion
30 at 33 and
31 the 32 hip
32 hip 33 and
33 and 34 ankle
35 were 36 used
36 used 37 in
37 in 42 analysis
38 a 39 functional
38 a 42 analysis
39 functional 42 analysis
40 principal 42 analysis
41 component 42 analysis
42 analysis 44 fpca
43 ( 44 fpca
44 fpca 45 )

functional component weights were calculated and compared with mixed model repeated measures anovas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 weights
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 functional 3 weights
2 component 3 weights
3 weights 4 were
4 were 6 and
5 calculated 6 and
6 and 7 compared
6 and 13 anovas
7 compared 8 with
8 with 12 measures
9 mixed 10 model
10 model 11 repeated
11 repeated 12 measures

the fpca revealed [greatest] mathematical differences in com and cop responses between groups or conditions during the period that the platform transitioned from the sustained tilt to a return to [neutral] position . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fpca
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 fpca
2 fpca 14 or
3 revealed 6 differences
3 revealed 7 in
3 revealed 12 between
3 revealed 14 or
5 mathematical 6 differences
7 in 11 responses
8 com 9 and
9 and 10 cop
10 cop 11 responses
12 between 13 groups
14 or 15 conditions
14 or 16 during
14 or 23 from
16 during 18 period
17 the 18 period
18 period 19 that
18 period 22 transitioned
19 that 21 platform
19 that 22 transitioned
20 the 21 platform
21 platform 22 transitioned
23 from 26 tilt
24 the 26 tilt
25 sustained 26 tilt
26 tilt 27 to
26 tilt 30 to
26 tilt 32 position
27 to 29 return
28 a 29 return
30 to 32 position

muscle emg responses differed most in the period following support surface tilt indicating that muscle activity increased to support stabilization against the visual flow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 muscle
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 muscle 2 emg
1 muscle 18 to
1 muscle 21 against
2 emg 17 increased
3 responses 4 differed
4 differed 5 most
5 most 6 in
6 in 12 tilt
7 the 12 tilt
8 period 9 following
9 following 10 support
10 support 12 tilt
11 surface 12 tilt
12 tilt 13 indicating
13 indicating 14 that
14 that 16 activity
14 that 17 increased
15 muscle 16 activity
16 activity 17 increased
18 to 20 stabilization
19 support 20 stabilization
21 against 24 flow
22 the 24 flow
23 visual 24 flow

older women exhibited significantly larger com and cop responses in the direction of visual field motion and less muscle modulation when the platform returned to neutral than younger women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 women
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 older 2 women
2 women 3 exhibited
3 exhibited 7 and
3 exhibited 10 in
4 significantly 5 larger
5 larger 6 com
6 com 7 and
7 and 9 responses
8 cop 9 responses
10 in 17 and
11 the 12 direction
12 direction 13 of
12 direction 17 and
13 of 16 motion
14 visual 15 field
15 field 16 motion
17 and 20 modulation
17 and 21 when
17 and 25 to
18 less 20 modulation
19 muscle 20 modulation
21 when 23 platform
21 when 24 returned
22 the 23 platform
23 platform 24 returned
25 to 29 women
26 neutral 29 women
27 than 28 younger
28 younger 29 women

results on a rod and frame test indicated that older women were significantly more visually dependent than the younger women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 results 2 on
1 results 8 indicated
2 on 5 and
3 a 4 rod
4 rod 5 and
5 and 7 test
6 frame 7 test
8 indicated 9 that
9 that 11 women
9 that 12 were
10 older 11 women
11 women 12 were
12 were 13 significantly
12 were 15 visually
12 were 16 dependent
14 more 15 visually
16 dependent 17 than
17 than 20 women
18 the 20 women
19 younger 20 women

we concluded that a stiffer body combined with heightened visual sensitivity in older women critically interferes with their ability to counteract posturally destabilizing environments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concluded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 we 2 concluded
2 concluded 3 that
3 that 6 body
3 that 16 interferes
4 a 6 body
5 stiffer 6 body
6 body 7 combined
6 body 12 in
6 body 16 interferes
7 combined 8 with
8 with 11 sensitivity
9 heightened 11 sensitivity
10 visual 11 sensitivity
12 in 14 women
13 older 14 women
15 critically 16 interferes
16 interferes 17 with
16 interferes 20 to
17 with 19 ability
18 their 19 ability
20 to 21 counteract
21 counteract 24 environments
22 posturally 23 destabilizing
23 destabilizing 24 environments

age - related mechanisms that lead to sarcopenia are not entirely understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 understood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 mechanisms
3 related 4 mechanisms
4 mechanisms 5 that
4 mechanisms 6 lead
4 mechanisms 9 are
5 that 6 lead
6 lead 7 to
7 to 8 sarcopenia
9 are 10 not
9 are 12 understood
11 entirely 12 understood

basal leg blood flow declines with aging by augmented sympathetic vasoconstriction and arterial stiffening , thus a dysfunction in blood vessel dynamics may have an independent role on sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 basal 2 leg
2 leg 4 flow
3 blood 4 flow
4 flow 5 declines
5 declines 6 with
5 declines 12 and
6 with 7 aging
7 aging 8 by
8 by 11 vasoconstriction
9 augmented 11 vasoconstriction
10 sympathetic 11 vasoconstriction
12 and 13 arterial
12 and 14 stiffening
15 , 18 dysfunction
15 , 24 have
16 thus 18 dysfunction
17 a 18 dysfunction
18 dysfunction 19 in
18 dysfunction 23 may
19 in 22 dynamics
20 blood 22 dynamics
21 vessel 22 dynamics
23 may 24 have
24 have 27 role
25 an 27 role
26 independent 27 role
27 role 28 on
28 on 29 sarcopenia

we determined whether pulse wave velocity ( pwv ) , [marker] of arterial stiffness , was associated with skeletal muscle [decline] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 2 determined
2 determined 3 whether
3 whether 6 velocity
3 whether 17 associated
4 pulse 6 velocity
5 wave 6 velocity
6 velocity 8 pwv
6 velocity 12 of
6 velocity 16 was
7 ( 8 pwv
8 pwv 9 )
10 , 12 of
12 of 14 stiffness
12 of 15 ,
13 arterial 14 stiffness
16 was 17 associated
17 associated 18 with
18 with 20 muscle
19 skeletal 20 muscle

observational cohort study of older adults ( 70 - 79 years ) living in pittsburgh , pa , usa or memphis , tn , usa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 observational 2 cohort
2 cohort 3 study
3 study 4 of
3 study 13 living
3 study 16 ,
4 of 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 9 -
7 ( 9 -
8 70 9 -
9 - 11 years
9 - 12 )
10 79 11 years
13 living 14 in
14 in 15 pittsburgh
16 , 17 pa
16 , 18 ,
18 , 19 usa
18 , 20 or
20 or 21 memphis
22 , 23 tn
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 usa

analyses included 2,405 participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 analyses 2 included
2 included 4 participants
3 2,405 4 participants

correlations among muscle parameters including skeletal muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue using mid - thigh ct scans were assessed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 correlations 2 among
1 correlations 9 and
2 among 4 parameters
3 muscle 4 parameters
4 parameters 5 including
5 including 8 density
6 skeletal 8 density
7 muscle 8 density
9 and 12 tissue
9 and 13 using
9 and 18 scans
9 and 19 were
10 intermuscular 12 tissue
11 adipose 12 tissue
13 using 17 ct
13 using 18 scans
14 mid 15 -
14 mid 16 thigh
16 thigh 17 ct
19 were 20 assessed

linear mixed models tested the association between the change in the sarcopenic index ( si ) ( assessed by dual energy x - ray absorptiometry ) over time and baseline pwv independently of multiple confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 tested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 linear 3 models
2 mixed 3 models
3 models 4 tested
4 tested 6 association
4 tested 7 between
4 tested 10 in
4 tested 27 over
4 tested 32 independently
5 the 6 association
7 between 9 change
8 the 9 change
10 in 13 index
11 the 13 index
12 sarcopenic 13 index
13 index 15 si
13 index 18 assessed
14 ( 15 si
15 si 16 )
17 ( 18 assessed
18 assessed 19 by
18 assessed 26 )
19 by 21 energy
20 dual 21 energy
21 energy 22 x
21 energy 25 absorptiometry
23 - 25 absorptiometry
24 ray 25 absorptiometry
25 absorptiometry 26 )
27 over 29 and
28 time 29 and
29 and 31 pwv
30 baseline 31 pwv
32 independently 33 of
33 of 35 confounders
34 multiple 35 confounders

si was defined : appendicular lean mass/squared height and calculated at [every] [follow] - up ( n = 6 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 si
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 defined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 si 2 was
2 was 3 defined
4 : 6 lean
4 : 9 and
4 : 21 .
5 appendicular 6 lean
6 lean 9 and
7 mass/squared 8 height
7 mass/squared 9 and
9 and 10 calculated
9 and 11 at
9 and 18 =
11 at 15 up
14 - 15 up
16 ( 18 =
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 6
18 = 20 )

baseline pwv was significantly higher in black women compared to white women [(] 930 ± 431 vs [.] 843 ± 366 [;] p = 0.0001 [ )(, while there were no significant differences between black and white men ( 943 ± 402 vs [.] 911 ± 375 [;] p = 0.1786 ) . 
1 baseline 2 pwv
1 baseline 3 was
1 baseline 5 higher
1 baseline 9 compared
2 pwv 3 was
3 was 4 significantly
5 higher 6 in
6 in 8 women
7 black 8 women
9 compared 10 to
9 compared 15 ±
10 to 11 white
11 white 12 women
12 women 14 930
15 ± 16 431
15 ± 20 ±
16 431 17 vs
16 431 20 ±
17 vs 19 843
20 ± 24 =
20 ± 28 while
21 366 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.0001
24 = 27 )(,
28 while 29 there
28 while 30 were
29 there 30 were
30 were 33 differences
30 were 34 between
31 no 33 differences
32 significant 33 differences
34 between 38 men
35 black 36 and
36 and 37 white
36 and 38 men
38 men 41 ±
39 ( 41 ±
40 943 41 ±
41 ± 42 402
41 ± 43 vs
41 ± 50 =
41 ± 53 .
43 vs 46 ±
45 911 46 ±
46 ± 47 375
49 p 50 =
50 = 51 0.1786
50 = 52 )

baseline analyses showed an independent negative association between pwv and muscle parameters after adjusting for confounders in both genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 baseline 2 analyses
2 analyses 10 and
3 showed 7 association
3 showed 8 between
3 showed 10 and
4 an 7 association
5 independent 7 association
6 negative 7 association
8 between 9 pwv
10 and 11 muscle
10 and 13 after
10 and 17 in
11 muscle 12 parameters
13 after 14 adjusting
14 adjusting 15 for
15 for 16 confounders
17 in 19 genders
18 both 19 genders

the pwv - [by] - race interaction was significant in women and analyses are reported separately by race . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 pwv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 pwv
3 - 5 -
3 - 8 was
3 - 12 and
3 - 19 .
5 - 7 interaction
6 race 7 interaction
7 interaction 8 was
8 was 9 significant
9 significant 10 in
10 in 11 women
12 and 13 analyses
12 and 15 reported
13 analyses 14 are
14 are 15 reported
15 reported 16 separately
15 reported 17 by
17 by 18 race

prospective mixed models showed that pwv was an independent determinant of the si in all men ( β [=] - 0.1043 [;] p = 0.0065 ) and in white women [(] β = - 0.1091 [;] p = 0.0192 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 prospective 3 models
2 mixed 3 models
3 models 4 showed
4 showed 5 that
5 that 6 pwv
5 that 7 was
6 pwv 7 was
7 was 10 determinant
7 was 24 =
8 an 10 determinant
9 independent 10 determinant
10 determinant 11 of
10 determinant 18 β
11 of 13 si
12 the 13 si
13 si 14 in
14 in 16 men
15 all 16 men
17 ( 18 β
18 β 20 -
21 0.1043 24 =
23 p 24 =
24 = 25 0.0065
24 = 26 )
27 and 32 β
27 and 33 =
28 in 30 women
28 in 32 β
29 white 30 women
32 β 33 =
33 = 35 0.1091
34 - 35 0.1091
35 0.1091 38 =
37 p 38 =
38 = 39 0.0192
38 = 40 )

in analyses examining the effect of arterial stiffness on limb lean mass over time , pwv correlated with lower leg ( β [=] - 0.2196 [;] p = 0.0002 )and arm mass [(] β = - [0.0985] [;] p = 0.0011 ) in all men and lower leg mass [(] β = - 0.1608 [;] p = 0.0027 )in white women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 mass
1 in 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 examining
2 analyses 12 mass
3 examining 5 effect
3 examining 9 on
4 the 5 effect
5 effect 6 of
6 of 8 stiffness
7 arterial 8 stiffness
9 on 11 lean
10 limb 11 lean
12 mass 13 over
12 mass 18 with
13 over 14 time
14 time 17 correlated
15 , 17 correlated
16 pwv 17 correlated
18 with 20 leg
19 lower 20 leg
20 leg 24 -
20 leg 28 =
21 ( 24 -
22 β 24 -
24 - 25 0.2196
27 p 28 =
28 = 29 0.0002
29 0.0002 34 β
29 0.0002 35 =
30 )and 34 β
31 arm 34 β
32 mass 34 β
34 β 35 =
35 = 40 =
35 = 43 in
36 - 40 =
39 p 40 =
40 = 41 0.0011
40 = 42 )
43 in 46 and
44 all 45 men
45 men 46 and
46 and 49 mass
46 and 51 β
46 and 52 =
46 and 54 0.1608
47 lower 48 leg
48 leg 49 mass
51 β 52 =
53 - 54 0.1608
54 0.1608 57 =
54 0.1608 62 .
56 p 57 =
57 = 61 women
58 0.0027 61 women
59 )in 61 women
60 white 61 women

in older persons , arterial stiffening is associated with skeletal muscle [mass] [decline] differently for race and gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 stiffening
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 persons
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 stiffening
2 older 3 persons
5 arterial 6 stiffening
6 stiffening 7 is
7 is 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 14 differently
9 with 11 muscle
10 skeletal 11 muscle
14 differently 15 for
15 for 17 and
16 race 17 and
17 and 18 gender

this study investigated the fracture resistance of three different zirconia fixed partial dentures ( fpds ) with different cementation methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 6 resistance
3 investigated 17 with
4 the 6 resistance
5 fracture 6 resistance
6 resistance 7 of
7 of 13 dentures
8 three 13 dentures
9 different 13 dentures
10 zirconia 13 dentures
11 fixed 13 dentures
12 partial 13 dentures
13 dentures 15 fpds
14 ( 15 fpds
15 fpds 16 )
17 with 20 methods
18 different 19 cementation
19 cementation 20 methods

forty - eight three [-] unit fpds were adhesively bonded ( [ab] [ )(or conventionally cemented ( cc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 forty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 - 4 three
3 eight 4 three
4 three 7 fpds
4 three 14 )(or
4 three 18 cc
6 unit 7 fpds
7 fpds 14 )(or
8 were 10 bonded
8 were 14 )(or
9 adhesively 10 bonded
11 ( 14 )(or
14 )(or 16 cemented
15 conventionally 16 cemented
17 ( 18 cc
18 cc 19 )

sixteen glass - infiltrated zirconia fpds were used as a control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 glass
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 sixteen 2 glass
3 - 6 fpds
3 - 8 used
3 - 12 .
4 infiltrated 6 fpds
5 zirconia 6 fpds
6 fpds 7 were
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 as
9 as 11 control
10 a 11 control

fracture resistance was determined after aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 resistance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 fracture 2 resistance
2 resistance 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 after
5 after 6 aging

the zirconia systems [showed] no significant different fracture [forces] with the different bonding methods [(] cc : [cercon] [[] [1,231.5] [±] [410.1] [n] []] [,] [ceramill] [[] [1,311.3] ± 318.3 n []] [,] vita yz [[] 1,269.0 ± 317.4 n []] [;] ab : [cercon] [ 1,072.3 ± 516.7 [n] []] , ceramill [ 1,358.6 ± [176.4] n ] , [vita] [yz] [[] [1,270.6] [±] [267.6n] []] [ )( [between] [the] [different] [materials] [.] 
1 the 8 fracture
2 zirconia 8 fracture
3 systems 8 fracture
5 no 8 fracture
6 significant 8 fracture
7 different 8 fracture
8 fracture 10 with
8 fracture 13 bonding
8 fracture 17 :
10 with 12 different
11 the 12 different
13 bonding 14 methods
14 methods 16 cc
17 : 29 ±
29 ± 38 ±
30 318.3 31 n
31 n 38 ±
34 vita 38 ±
35 yz 37 1,269.0
35 yz 38 ±
38 ± 43 ab
38 ± 44 :
38 ± 48 ±
39 317.4 40 n
40 n 43 ab
43 ab 44 :
46 [ 48 ±
47 1,072.3 48 ±
48 ± 49 516.7
48 ± 53 ceramill
48 ± 60 ,
52 , 53 ceramill
53 ceramill 58 n
53 ceramill 59 ]
54 [ 58 n
55 1,358.6 58 n
56 ± 58 n
58 n 59 ]

the control group provided significantly lower fracture strength . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 strength
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 8 strength
2 control 4 provided
3 group 4 provided
4 provided 7 fracture
5 significantly 6 lower
6 lower 7 fracture
7 fracture 8 strength

regarding fracture resistance , adhesive bonding or conventional cementation of zirconia fpds showed no restrictions for posterior application . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 regarding 3 resistance
1 regarding 4 ,
1 regarding 7 or
2 fracture 3 resistance
5 adhesive 6 bonding
5 adhesive 7 or
7 or 9 cementation
7 or 10 of
7 or 13 showed
8 conventional 9 cementation
10 of 12 fpds
11 zirconia 12 fpds
13 showed 15 restrictions
14 no 15 restrictions
15 restrictions 16 for
16 for 18 application
17 posterior 18 application

despite a growing interest in the ways spiritual beliefs and practices are reflected in brain activity , there have been relatively few studies using neuroimaging data to assess potential relationships between religious factors and structural neuroanatomy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reflected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
1 despite 4 interest
1 despite 10 and
2 a 4 interest
3 growing 4 interest
5 in 7 ways
5 in 10 and
6 the 7 ways
8 spiritual 9 beliefs
9 beliefs 10 and
10 and 11 practices
10 and 12 are
12 are 13 reflected
13 reflected 14 in
14 in 16 activity
15 brain 16 activity
17 , 18 there
17 , 20 been
18 there 19 have
19 have 20 been
20 been 34 and
21 relatively 22 few
22 few 23 studies
23 studies 24 using
23 studies 34 and
24 using 26 data
24 using 27 to
24 using 28 assess
25 neuroimaging 26 data
27 to 28 assess
28 assess 30 relationships
28 assess 31 between
29 potential 30 relationships
31 between 33 factors
32 religious 33 factors
34 and 36 neuroanatomy
34 and 37 .
35 structural 36 neuroanatomy

this study examined prospective relationships between religious factors and hippocampal volume change using high - resolution mri data of a sample of 268 older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examined
3 examined 5 relationships
3 examined 12 change
4 prospective 5 relationships
5 relationships 6 between
5 relationships 12 change
6 between 9 and
7 religious 8 factors
8 factors 9 and
9 and 11 volume
10 hippocampal 11 volume
12 change 13 using
13 using 18 data
14 high 15 -
14 high 16 resolution
16 resolution 18 data
17 mri 18 data
18 data 19 of
18 data 22 of
19 of 21 sample
20 a 21 sample
22 of 25 adults
23 268 25 adults
24 older 25 adults

religious factors assessed included life - changing religious experiences , spiritual practices , and religious group membership . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 religious
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 religious 2 factors
2 factors 5 life
2 factors 7 changing
3 assessed 5 life
4 included 5 life
6 - 7 changing
7 changing 9 experiences
7 changing 10 ,
8 religious 9 experiences
10 , 14 and
11 spiritual 12 practices
12 practices 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 17 membership
15 religious 16 group
16 group 17 membership

hippocampal volumes were analyzed using the grid program , which is based on a manual point - counting method and allows for semi - automated determination of region [of] interest volumes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hippocampal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 hippocampal 2 volumes
1 hippocampal 3 were
1 hippocampal 20 and
2 volumes 3 were
4 analyzed 5 using
4 analyzed 19 method
4 analyzed 20 and
5 using 8 program
6 the 8 program
7 grid 8 program
8 program 10 which
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 is
10 which 17 -
11 is 12 based
12 based 13 on
13 on 16 point
14 a 15 manual
14 a 16 point
15 manual 16 point
18 counting 19 method
20 and 21 allows
20 and 22 for
22 for 26 determination
23 semi 24 -
23 semi 26 determination
25 automated 26 determination
26 determination 27 of
27 of 31 volumes
28 region 31 volumes
30 interest 31 volumes

significantly greater hippocampal atrophy was observed for participants reporting a life - changing religious experience . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
1 significantly 2 greater
2 greater 4 atrophy
3 hippocampal 4 atrophy
4 atrophy 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 for
7 for 8 participants
8 participants 9 reporting
9 reporting 11 life
10 a 11 life
11 life 13 changing
12 - 13 changing
13 changing 15 experience
13 changing 16 .
14 religious 15 experience

significantly greater hippocampal atrophy was also observed from baseline to final assessment among born - [again] protestants , catholics , and those with no religious affiliation , compared with protestants not identifying as born - again . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 atrophy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
1 significantly 4 atrophy
2 greater 4 atrophy
3 hippocampal 4 atrophy
4 atrophy 5 was
5 was 6 also
5 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 from
7 observed 10 to
8 from 9 baseline
10 to 21 and
11 final 12 assessment
12 assessment 13 among
12 assessment 21 and
13 among 17 protestants
14 born 15 -
14 born 17 protestants
17 protestants 19 catholics
18 , 19 catholics
19 catholics 20 ,
21 and 22 those
21 and 27 ,
21 and 28 compared
22 those 23 with
23 with 26 affiliation
24 no 26 affiliation
25 religious 26 affiliation
28 compared 29 with
28 compared 34 born
29 with 30 protestants
29 with 31 not
29 with 32 identifying
33 as 34 born
34 born 36 again
35 - 36 again
36 again 37 .

these associations were not explained by psychosocial or demographic factors , or baseline cerebral volume . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 these 2 associations
2 associations 3 were
3 were 4 not
3 were 6 by
4 not 5 explained
6 by 12 or
7 psychosocial 8 or
8 or 9 demographic
8 or 10 factors
10 factors 12 or
11 , 12 or
12 or 15 volume
13 baseline 15 volume
14 cerebral 15 volume

hippocampal volume has been linked to clinical outcomes , such as depression , dementia , and alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 volume
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 hippocampal 2 volume
2 volume 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 linked
5 linked 6 to
6 to 8 outcomes
7 clinical 8 outcomes
8 outcomes 11 as
8 outcomes 14 dementia
9 , 11 as
10 such 11 as
11 as 12 depression
11 as 13 ,
13 , 14 dementia
14 dementia 15 ,
16 and 17 alzheimer
16 and 18 's
17 alzheimer 18 's
18 's 19 disease

the findings of this study indicate that hippocampal atrophy in late life may be uniquely influenced by certain types of religious factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 findings
2 findings 3 of
2 findings 6 indicate
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 9 atrophy
7 that 16 influenced
8 hippocampal 9 atrophy
9 atrophy 10 in
9 atrophy 13 may
10 in 12 life
11 late 12 life
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 uniquely
14 be 16 influenced
16 influenced 17 by
17 by 22 factors
18 certain 19 types
19 types 20 of
19 types 22 factors
20 of 22 factors
21 religious 22 factors

background : mutations that disrupt the conversion of prelamin a to mature lamin a cause the rare genetic disorder hutchinson [-] gilford progeria syndrome and a group of laminopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 mutations
2 : 15 cause
3 mutations 4 that
3 mutations 5 disrupt
3 mutations 15 cause
4 that 5 disrupt
5 disrupt 7 conversion
6 the 7 conversion
7 conversion 8 of
7 conversion 11 to
8 of 9 prelamin
9 prelamin 10 a
11 to 13 lamin
12 mature 13 lamin
13 lamin 14 a
15 cause 25 and
16 the 24 syndrome
17 rare 19 disorder
18 genetic 19 disorder
19 disorder 23 progeria
20 hutchinson 22 gilford
22 gilford 23 progeria
23 progeria 24 syndrome
24 syndrome 25 and
25 and 27 group
25 and 28 of
26 a 27 group
28 of 29 laminopathies

our understanding of [how] a - type lamins function in vivo during early vertebrate development through aging remains limited , and would benefit from a suitable experimental model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 our 2 understanding
2 understanding 8 lamins
2 understanding 9 function
2 understanding 21 and
3 of 5 a
3 of 6 -
3 of 8 lamins
7 type 8 lamins
8 lamins 9 function
9 function 11 vivo
9 function 12 during
9 function 16 through
10 in 11 vivo
12 during 15 development
13 early 14 vertebrate
14 vertebrate 15 development
16 through 17 aging
18 remains 19 limited
18 remains 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 22 would
22 would 23 benefit
23 benefit 24 from
24 from 28 model
25 a 26 suitable
25 a 28 model
26 suitable 28 model
27 experimental 28 model

the zebrafish has proven to be a tractable model organism for studying both development and aging at the molecular genetic level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 zebrafish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 zebrafish
2 zebrafish 3 has
3 has 4 proven
4 proven 5 to
4 proven 6 be
5 to 6 be
6 be 10 organism
7 a 10 organism
8 tractable 9 model
9 model 10 organism
10 organism 11 for
10 organism 17 at
11 for 12 studying
12 studying 15 and
13 both 15 and
14 development 15 and
15 and 16 aging
17 at 21 level
18 the 21 level
19 molecular 21 level
20 genetic 21 level

zebrafish show an array of senescence symptoms resembling those in humans , which can be targeted to specific aging pathways conserved in vertebrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 zebrafish 2 show
2 show 4 array
2 show 7 symptoms
2 show 10 in
3 an 4 array
4 array 5 of
5 of 6 senescence
7 symptoms 8 resembling
8 resembling 9 those
10 in 11 humans
12 , 13 which
12 , 16 targeted
13 which 14 can
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 targeted
16 targeted 17 to
16 targeted 22 in
17 to 20 pathways
18 specific 20 pathways
19 aging 20 pathways
20 pathways 21 conserved
22 in 23 vertebrates

however , no zebrafish models bearing human premature senescence currently exist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 5 models
3 no 5 models
4 zebrafish 5 models
5 models 6 bearing
5 models 11 exist
6 bearing 9 senescence
7 human 9 senescence
8 premature 9 senescence
10 currently 11 exist

principal findings : we describe the induction of embryonic senescence and laminopathies in zebrafish harboring disturbed expressions of the lamin a gene ( lmna ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 principal 2 findings
3 : 4 we
3 : 5 describe
3 : 26 .
4 we 5 describe
5 describe 11 and
6 the 11 and
7 induction 8 of
7 induction 11 and
8 of 10 senescence
9 embryonic 10 senescence
11 and 12 laminopathies
11 and 13 in
11 and 15 harboring
11 and 18 of
13 in 14 zebrafish
15 harboring 17 expressions
16 disturbed 17 expressions
18 of 22 gene
19 the 22 gene
20 lamin 21 a
20 lamin 22 gene
22 gene 24 lmna
23 ( 24 lmna
24 lmna 25 )

impairments in these fish arise in the skin , muscle and adipose tissue , and [sometimes] in the cartilage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 impairments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 arise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 impairments 2 in
1 impairments 5 arise
2 in 4 fish
3 these 4 fish
5 arise 15 and
6 in 11 and
6 in 15 and
7 the 8 skin
8 skin 9 ,
9 , 10 muscle
9 , 11 and
11 and 13 tissue
12 adipose 13 tissue
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 in
17 in 19 cartilage
18 the 19 cartilage

reduced function [of] lamin a/c by translational blocking of the lmna gene induced apoptosis , cell - cycle arrest , and craniofacial abnormalities/cartilage defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 a/c
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
1 reduced 2 function
2 function 4 lamin
4 lamin 5 a/c
5 a/c 6 by
5 a/c 13 induced
6 by 8 blocking
7 translational 8 blocking
8 blocking 9 of
9 of 12 gene
10 the 12 gene
11 lmna 12 gene
13 induced 14 apoptosis
15 , 16 cell
15 , 17 -
17 - 21 and
17 - 25 .
18 cycle 19 arrest
19 arrest 21 and
20 , 21 and
21 and 24 defects
22 craniofacial 24 defects
23 abnormalities/cartilage 24 defects

by contrast , induced cryptic splicing of lmna , which generates the deletion of 8 amino acid residues lamin a ( zlamin a - δ8 ) , showed embryonic senescence and s - phase accumulation/arrest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 splicing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 -
1 by 2 contrast
1 by 3 ,
1 by 6 splicing
4 induced 6 splicing
5 cryptic 6 splicing
6 splicing 7 of
6 splicing 10 which
6 splicing 28 showed
7 of 8 lmna
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 generates
10 which 27 ,
11 generates 13 deletion
12 the 13 deletion
13 deletion 14 of
14 of 19 lamin
15 8 17 acid
16 amino 17 acid
17 acid 19 lamin
18 residues 19 lamin
19 lamin 20 a
19 lamin 22 zlamin
21 ( 22 zlamin
22 zlamin 23 a
22 zlamin 25 δ8
22 zlamin 27 ,
24 - 25 δ8
25 δ8 26 )
28 showed 30 senescence
28 showed 31 and
29 embryonic 30 senescence
31 and 32 s
33 - 34 phase
33 - 36 .
34 phase 35 accumulation/arrest

interestingly , the abnormal muscle and lipodystrophic [phenotypes] were common in both cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 6 and
3 the 5 muscle
4 abnormal 5 muscle
5 muscle 6 and
6 and 7 lipodystrophic
6 and 9 were
9 were 10 common
10 common 11 in
11 in 13 cases
12 both 13 cases

hence , both decrease - [of] - [function] of lamin a/c and gain - [of] - function [of] aberrant lamin a protein induced laminopathies that are associated with mesenchymal cell lineages during zebrafish early development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 decrease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 hence 2 ,
1 hence 4 decrease
3 both 4 decrease
5 - 22 protein
5 - 23 induced
7 - 9 of
9 of 12 and
9 of 16 -
9 of 22 protein
10 lamin 11 a/c
11 a/c 12 and
12 and 13 gain
12 and 14 -
17 function 22 protein
19 aberrant 20 lamin
20 lamin 21 a
20 lamin 22 protein
22 protein 23 induced
23 induced 24 laminopathies
24 laminopathies 25 that
24 laminopathies 26 are
25 that 26 are
26 are 27 associated
27 associated 28 with
28 with 31 lineages
29 mesenchymal 30 cell
30 cell 31 lineages
31 lineages 32 during
32 during 35 development
33 zebrafish 35 development
34 early 35 development

visualization of individual cells expressing zebrafish progerin ( zprogerin/zlamin a - δ37 ) fused to green fluorescent protein further revealed misshapen nuclear membrane . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 visualization
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 visualization 2 of
1 visualization 5 expressing
1 visualization 14 fused
1 visualization 20 revealed
2 of 4 cells
3 individual 4 cells
5 expressing 7 progerin
6 zebrafish 7 progerin
7 progerin 9 zprogerin/zlamin
8 ( 9 zprogerin/zlamin
9 zprogerin/zlamin 10 a
9 zprogerin/zlamin 12 δ37
9 zprogerin/zlamin 13 )
11 - 12 δ37
12 δ37 13 )
14 fused 15 to
15 to 16 green
16 green 18 protein
16 green 19 further
17 fluorescent 18 protein
20 revealed 23 membrane
21 misshapen 23 membrane
22 nuclear 23 membrane

a farnesyltransferase inhibitor reduced these nuclear abnormalities and significantly prevented embryonic senescence and muscle fiber damage induced by zprogerin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 3 inhibitor
2 farnesyltransferase 3 inhibitor
3 inhibitor 8 and
3 inhibitor 13 and
4 reduced 7 abnormalities
4 reduced 8 and
5 these 7 abnormalities
6 nuclear 7 abnormalities
8 and 10 prevented
8 and 12 senescence
9 significantly 10 prevented
11 embryonic 12 senescence
13 and 16 damage
13 and 17 induced
14 muscle 16 damage
15 fiber 16 damage
17 induced 18 by
18 by 19 zprogerin

importantly , the adult progerin fish survived and remained [fertile] [with] relatively mild [phenotypes] only , but had shortened lifespan with obvious distortion of body shape . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 fish
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 importantly 2 ,
1 importantly 6 fish
3 the 6 fish
4 adult 6 fish
5 progerin 6 fish
6 fish 8 and
7 survived 8 and
8 and 17 but
9 remained 13 mild
9 remained 17 but
12 relatively 13 mild
13 mild 15 only
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 had
18 had 19 shortened
19 shortened 20 lifespan
19 shortened 21 with
21 with 23 distortion
22 obvious 23 distortion
23 distortion 24 of
24 of 26 shape
25 body 26 shape

conclusion : we generated new zebrafish models for a human premature aging disorder , and further demonstrated the utility for studying laminopathies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 15 and
2 : 23 .
3 we 15 and
4 generated 7 models
4 generated 15 and
5 new 6 zebrafish
6 zebrafish 7 models
7 models 8 for
8 for 13 disorder
9 a 10 human
9 a 13 disorder
10 human 13 disorder
11 premature 13 disorder
12 aging 13 disorder
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 demonstrated
15 and 20 for
16 further 17 demonstrated
17 demonstrated 19 utility
18 the 19 utility
20 for 21 studying
21 studying 22 laminopathies

premature aging could also be modeled in zebrafish embryos . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 premature
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 modeled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 premature 2 aging
1 premature 3 could
3 could 5 be
4 also 5 be
5 be 6 modeled
6 modeled 7 in
7 in 9 embryos
8 zebrafish 9 embryos

this genetic model may thus provide a new platform for future drug screening as well as genetic analyses aimed at identifying modifier genes that influence not only progeria and laminopathies but also other age - associated human diseases common in vertebrates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 provide
1 this 3 model
2 genetic 3 model
3 model 4 may
4 may 6 provide
5 thus 6 provide
6 provide 9 platform
6 provide 15 well
6 provide 16 as
7 a 9 platform
8 new 9 platform
9 platform 10 for
10 for 13 screening
11 future 13 screening
12 drug 13 screening
14 as 15 well
16 as 18 analyses
17 genetic 18 analyses
18 analyses 19 aimed
18 analyses 20 at
20 at 21 identifying
21 identifying 23 genes
22 modifier 23 genes
23 genes 24 that
23 genes 25 influence
23 genes 38 diseases
24 that 25 influence
25 influence 32 also
26 not 27 only
27 only 32 also
28 progeria 29 and
29 and 30 laminopathies
29 and 32 also
31 but 32 also
32 also 34 age
33 other 34 age
35 - 38 diseases
36 associated 37 human
37 human 38 diseases
38 diseases 39 common
38 diseases 42 .
39 common 40 in
40 in 41 vertebrates

the decline in serum testosterone in ageing men may be mediated in part by obesity ; however , it is uncertain which measure of adiposity is most closely associated with testosterone levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 decline
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 decline
2 decline 3 in
2 decline 5 testosterone
2 decline 9 may
3 in 4 serum
5 testosterone 6 in
6 in 8 men
7 ageing 8 men
9 may 10 be
10 be 11 mediated
11 mediated 13 part
12 in 13 part
13 part 14 by
14 by 15 obesity
16 ; 19 it
16 ; 20 is
17 however 18 ,
17 however 19 it
19 it 20 is
20 is 21 uncertain
21 uncertain 22 which
22 which 23 measure
23 measure 24 of
23 measure 26 is
24 of 25 adiposity
26 is 27 most
27 most 29 associated
27 most 30 with
28 closely 29 associated
30 with 32 levels
31 testosterone 32 levels

we have examined the relationships of age , adiposity and testosterone levels in ageing men with symptoms consistent with hypoandrogenism but who were otherwise in good health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 have
2 have 3 examined
3 examined 10 and
3 examined 13 in
4 the 10 and
5 relationships 6 of
5 relationships 8 ,
6 of 7 age
8 , 9 adiposity
8 , 10 and
10 and 12 levels
11 testosterone 12 levels
13 in 15 men
14 ageing 15 men
15 men 16 with
16 with 17 symptoms
17 symptoms 18 consistent
18 consistent 19 with
19 with 20 hypoandrogenism
21 but 22 who
21 but 23 were
22 who 23 were
23 were 24 otherwise
23 were 25 in
25 in 27 health
26 good 27 health

we conducted a cross - sectional study [of] [non] - smoking men aged ≥ 54 years recruited from the community and who were free of cancer or serious medical illness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 4 cross
3 a 4 cross
4 cross 7 study
5 - 7 study
6 sectional 7 study
7 study 10 -
10 - 12 men
10 - 23 were
10 - 31 .
11 smoking 12 men
12 men 13 aged
12 men 18 from
12 men 23 were
13 aged 17 recruited
14 ≥ 17 recruited
15 54 16 years
16 years 17 recruited
18 from 21 and
19 the 20 community
20 community 21 and
21 and 22 who
23 were 27 or
24 free 25 of
24 free 27 or
25 of 26 cancer
27 or 30 illness
28 serious 30 illness
29 medical 30 illness

height ( ht ) , weight and waist circumference ( wc ) were measured , and body mass index ( bmi ) and waist - [to] - height ( wht ) [ratio] were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
1 height 3 ht
1 height 5 ,
2 ( 3 ht
3 ht 4 )
5 , 6 weight
5 , 7 and
7 and 9 circumference
7 and 11 wc
7 and 13 were
8 waist 9 circumference
10 ( 11 wc
11 wc 12 )
13 were 23 and
14 measured 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 index
16 and 21 bmi
16 and 23 and
17 body 19 index
18 mass 19 index
20 ( 21 bmi
21 bmi 22 )
23 and 24 waist
25 - 27 -
25 - 34 calculated
25 - 35 .
27 - 28 height
28 height 30 wht
28 height 33 were
29 ( 30 wht
30 wht 31 )
33 were 34 calculated

two morning blood samples were collected for measurement of total testosterone ( tt ) , sex hormone binding globulin ( shbg ) and luteinizing hormone ( lh ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 samples
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 two 4 samples
2 morning 3 blood
3 blood 4 samples
4 samples 5 were
5 were 23 and
6 collected 7 for
6 collected 23 and
7 for 8 measurement
8 measurement 9 of
8 measurement 19 globulin
9 of 11 testosterone
10 total 11 testosterone
11 testosterone 13 tt
12 ( 13 tt
13 tt 14 )
15 , 19 globulin
16 sex 18 binding
17 hormone 18 binding
18 binding 19 globulin
19 globulin 21 shbg
19 globulin 22 )
20 ( 21 shbg
21 shbg 22 )
23 and 25 hormone
23 and 27 lh
24 luteinizing 25 hormone
26 ( 27 lh
27 lh 28 )

free testosterone ( cft ) was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 testosterone
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 calculated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 free 2 testosterone
2 testosterone 4 cft
2 testosterone 6 was
3 ( 4 cft
4 cft 5 )
6 was 7 calculated

multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess their relationship with measures of adiposity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 multivariate 4 analysis
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 was
5 was 6 performed
6 performed 7 to
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 10 relationship
8 assess 11 with
9 their 10 relationship
11 with 12 measures
12 measures 13 of
13 of 14 adiposity

two hundred and seven men aged 54 - 86 years were studied . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 seven
4 seven 5 men
5 men 6 aged
6 aged 8 -
7 54 8 -
8 - 9 86
9 86 10 years
10 years 11 were
11 were 12 studied

on univariate analysis wht [ratio] was more strongly correlated with tt and cft than either wc or bmi . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 wht
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 on 3 analysis
1 on 4 wht
2 univariate 3 analysis
4 wht 6 was
6 was 9 correlated
7 more 8 strongly
8 strongly 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
9 correlated 14 than
10 with 12 and
11 tt 12 and
12 and 13 cft
14 than 17 or
15 either 17 or
16 wc 17 or
17 or 18 bmi

in conclusion , wht [ratio] is the best anthropometric predictor of both tt and cft in this group of healthy but symptomatic ageing men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 4 wht
3 , 6 is
4 wht 6 is
6 is 10 predictor
6 is 16 in
7 the 8 best
7 the 10 predictor
9 anthropometric 10 predictor
10 predictor 11 of
11 of 14 and
12 both 14 and
13 tt 14 and
14 and 15 cft
16 in 24 men
17 this 18 group
18 group 19 of
18 group 24 men
19 of 24 men
20 healthy 21 but
21 but 22 symptomatic
21 but 24 men
23 ageing 24 men

objective : the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of age and visual content [on] cross - modal enhancement of auditory speech detection . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 examine
2 : 4 purpose
3 the 4 purpose
4 purpose 5 of
4 purpose 8 study
4 purpose 11 examine
5 of 7 present
6 the 7 present
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
9 was 11 examine
10 to 11 examine
11 examine 13 effects
12 the 13 effects
13 effects 14 of
13 effects 23 enhancement
14 of 16 and
15 age 16 and
16 and 20 cross
17 visual 20 cross
18 content 20 cross
21 - 23 enhancement
22 modal 23 enhancement
23 enhancement 24 of
23 enhancement 28 .
24 of 27 detection
25 auditory 26 speech
26 speech 27 detection

visual content consisted of three clearly distinct types of visual information : an unaltered video clip of a talker 's face , a low - contrast version of the same clip , and a mouth - like lissajous figure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 content
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 visual 2 content
2 content 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 11 information
5 three 8 types
6 clearly 7 distinct
7 distinct 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 11 information
9 of 11 information
10 visual 11 information
12 : 16 clip
12 : 22 ,
13 an 14 unaltered
13 an 16 clip
14 unaltered 15 video
15 video 16 clip
16 clip 17 of
17 of 21 face
18 a 19 talker
19 talker 20 's
20 's 21 face
22 , 39 figure
23 a 24 low
23 a 27 version
24 low 25 -
24 low 26 contrast
26 contrast 27 version
27 version 28 of
27 version 33 and
28 of 31 clip
29 the 30 same
30 same 31 clip
32 , 33 and
33 and 35 mouth
33 and 36 -
33 and 37 like
33 and 39 figure
34 a 35 mouth
37 like 38 lissajous

[it] was [hypothesized] that both young and older adults would exhibit reduced enhancement as visual content [diverged] from the original clip of the talker 's face , but that the decrease would be greater for older participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 was 4 that
2 was 5 both
2 was 9 adults
2 was 11 exhibit
2 was 14 as
2 was 18 from
6 young 7 and
7 and 8 older
7 and 9 adults
9 adults 10 would
10 would 11 exhibit
11 exhibit 13 enhancement
12 reduced 13 enhancement
14 as 16 content
15 visual 16 content
18 from 21 clip
19 the 21 clip
20 original 21 clip
21 clip 22 of
22 of 26 face
23 the 24 talker
24 talker 25 's
25 's 26 face
27 , 31 decrease
27 , 33 be
28 but 29 that
28 but 31 decrease
30 the 31 decrease
31 decrease 32 would
32 would 33 be
33 be 34 greater
34 greater 35 for
35 for 37 participants
36 older 37 participants

design : nineteen young adults and 19 older adults were asked to detect a single spoken syllable ( /ba/ ) in speech - shaped noise , and the level of the signal was adaptively varied to establish the signal - to [-] noise [ratio] ( snr ) at [threshold] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 6 and
2 : 11 asked
2 : 27 and
3 nineteen 5 adults
4 young 5 adults
5 adults 6 and
6 and 9 adults
6 and 10 were
7 19 9 adults
8 older 9 adults
10 were 11 asked
11 asked 12 to
11 asked 13 detect
12 to 13 detect
13 detect 17 syllable
13 detect 21 in
14 a 17 syllable
15 single 17 syllable
16 spoken 17 syllable
17 syllable 19 /ba/
18 ( 19 /ba/
19 /ba/ 20 )
21 in 22 speech
22 speech 25 noise
23 - 25 noise
24 shaped 25 noise
25 noise 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 level
27 and 33 was
28 the 29 level
29 level 30 of
29 level 33 was
30 of 32 signal
31 the 32 signal
33 was 34 adaptively
33 was 35 varied
35 varied 36 to
35 varied 48 at
36 to 37 establish
37 establish 39 signal
37 establish 48 at
38 the 39 signal
39 signal 41 to
40 - 41 to
41 to 43 noise
41 to 47 )
43 noise 46 snr
45 ( 46 snr
46 snr 47 )

there was an auditory - [only] baseline condition and three audiovisual conditions in which the syllable was accompanied by one of the three visual signals ( the unaltered clip of the talker 's face , the low - contrast version of that clip , or the lissajous figure ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 7 baseline
3 an 7 baseline
4 auditory 5 -
4 auditory 7 baseline
7 baseline 9 and
7 baseline 18 accompanied
8 condition 9 and
9 and 12 conditions
9 and 13 in
9 and 18 accompanied
10 three 12 conditions
11 audiovisual 12 conditions
13 in 14 which
13 in 16 syllable
13 in 17 was
15 the 16 syllable
16 syllable 17 was
18 accompanied 19 by
19 by 20 one
20 one 21 of
20 one 29 clip
21 of 25 signals
22 the 23 three
23 three 25 signals
24 visual 25 signals
26 ( 29 clip
27 the 29 clip
28 unaltered 29 clip
29 clip 30 of
29 clip 45 or
29 clip 50 .
30 of 34 face
31 the 32 talker
32 talker 33 's
33 's 34 face
35 , 45 or
36 the 40 version
37 low 38 -
37 low 39 contrast
39 contrast 40 version
40 version 41 of
40 version 45 or
41 of 43 clip
42 that 43 clip
44 , 45 or
45 or 48 figure
45 or 49 )
46 the 48 figure
47 lissajous 48 figure

for each audiovisual condition , the snr [at] threshold was compared with the snr [at] threshold for the auditory - only condition to measure the amount of [cross] - modal enhancement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 threshold
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 for 4 condition
1 for 5 ,
1 for 9 threshold
2 each 4 condition
3 audiovisual 4 condition
6 the 9 threshold
7 snr 9 threshold
9 threshold 10 was
10 was 11 compared
11 compared 12 with
12 with 16 threshold
13 the 16 threshold
14 snr 16 threshold
16 threshold 17 for
17 for 31 enhancement
18 the 31 enhancement
19 auditory 22 condition
19 auditory 31 enhancement
20 - 21 only
20 - 22 condition
22 condition 23 to
22 condition 27 of
22 condition 29 -
23 to 24 measure
24 measure 26 amount
25 the 26 amount
26 amount 27 of
30 modal 31 enhancement

results : young adults exhibited significant cross - modal enhancement with all three types of visual stimuli , with the greatest amount of enhancement observed for the unaltered clip of the talker 's face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 adults
2 : 7 cross
2 : 8 -
3 young 4 adults
4 adults 5 exhibited
4 adults 7 cross
5 exhibited 6 significant
8 - 10 enhancement
9 modal 10 enhancement
10 enhancement 11 with
10 enhancement 15 of
10 enhancement 19 with
11 with 14 types
12 all 13 three
13 three 14 types
15 of 17 stimuli
16 visual 17 stimuli
18 , 19 with
19 with 22 amount
19 with 35 .
20 the 21 greatest
20 the 22 amount
22 amount 23 of
23 of 24 enhancement
24 enhancement 25 observed
24 enhancement 30 of
25 observed 26 for
26 for 29 clip
27 the 29 clip
28 unaltered 29 clip
30 of 34 face
31 the 32 talker
32 talker 33 's
33 's 34 face

older adults , in contrast , exhibited significant [cross] - modal enhancement only with the unaltered face . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 4 in
2 adults 7 exhibited
3 , 4 in
4 in 5 contrast
4 in 6 ,
7 exhibited 12 enhancement
7 exhibited 13 only
8 significant 10 -
8 significant 12 enhancement
11 modal 12 enhancement
13 only 14 with
14 with 17 face
15 the 17 face
16 unaltered 17 face

conclusions : results of this study suggest that visual signal content affects cross - modal enhancement of speech detection in both young and older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 results
2 : 7 suggest
2 : 14 -
2 : 26 .
3 results 4 of
3 results 7 suggest
4 of 6 study
5 this 6 study
7 suggest 10 signal
7 suggest 13 cross
8 that 10 signal
9 visual 10 signal
10 signal 11 content
10 signal 12 affects
11 content 12 affects
14 - 16 enhancement
15 modal 16 enhancement
16 enhancement 17 of
17 of 19 detection
18 speech 19 detection
19 detection 20 in
20 in 25 adults
21 both 25 adults
22 young 23 and
23 and 24 older
23 and 25 adults

they also support a hypothesized age [-] related deficit in processing low - contrast visual speech stimuli , even in older adults with normal contrast sensitivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 they 18 ,
2 also 3 support
3 support 9 deficit
3 support 10 in
3 support 18 ,
4 a 9 deficit
5 hypothesized 9 deficit
6 age 8 related
8 related 9 deficit
10 in 11 processing
11 processing 17 stimuli
12 low 13 -
12 low 14 contrast
14 contrast 17 stimuli
15 visual 16 speech
16 speech 17 stimuli
18 , 19 even
18 , 26 sensitivity
19 even 20 in
19 even 23 with
20 in 22 adults
21 older 22 adults
23 with 25 contrast
24 normal 25 contrast

purpose of review : levels of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) are known to decline with age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 5 levels
4 : 12 known
4 : 17 .
5 levels 6 of
5 levels 11 are
6 of 7 dehydroepiandrosterone
7 dehydroepiandrosterone 9 dhea
8 ( 9 dhea
9 dhea 10 )
11 are 12 known
12 known 13 to
12 known 14 decline
13 to 14 decline
14 decline 15 with
15 with 16 age

in an era of increasing use of supplements to better life , the benefits of dhea in the aging female population are controversial . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 benefits
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 era
1 in 12 ,
1 in 14 benefits
2 an 3 era
3 era 4 of
4 of 5 increasing
5 increasing 6 use
5 increasing 9 to
6 use 7 of
7 of 8 supplements
9 to 10 better
10 better 11 life
13 the 14 benefits
14 benefits 15 of
14 benefits 22 are
15 of 16 dhea
16 dhea 17 in
17 in 21 population
18 the 21 population
19 aging 21 population
20 female 21 population
22 are 23 controversial

the goal of this article is to critically review published studies to determine if there is a role for dhea supplementation in postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 is
3 of 5 article
4 this 5 article
6 is 7 to
6 is 13 determine
7 to 9 review
8 critically 9 review
9 review 11 studies
9 review 12 to
10 published 11 studies
12 to 13 determine
13 determine 14 if
13 determine 22 in
14 if 15 there
14 if 16 is
15 there 16 is
16 is 18 role
17 a 18 role
18 role 19 for
19 for 21 supplementation
20 dhea 21 supplementation
22 in 24 women
23 postmenopausal 24 women

recent findings : daily administration of oral dhea achieves serum concentrations similar to those of women in [their] 20 s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 5 administration
3 : 9 achieves
3 : 21 .
4 daily 5 administration
5 administration 6 of
5 administration 9 achieves
6 of 8 dhea
7 oral 8 dhea
9 achieves 11 concentrations
10 serum 11 concentrations
11 concentrations 12 similar
12 similar 13 to
12 similar 17 in
13 to 14 those
14 those 15 of
15 of 16 women
17 in 20 s
19 20 20 s

several observational studies have shown that lower dhea levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in women ; however , interventional trials show no improvement in atherosclerosis or cardiovascular risk factors , and a lowering of hdl cholesterol levels . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 several 3 studies
2 observational 3 studies
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 8 dhea
5 shown 9 levels
5 shown 11 associated
6 that 8 dhea
7 lower 8 dhea
9 levels 10 are
10 are 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
11 associated 16 in
12 with 15 risk
13 increased 15 risk
14 cardiovascular 15 risk
16 in 17 women
18 ; 22 trials
18 ; 23 show
18 ; 33 and
19 however 20 ,
19 however 22 trials
21 interventional 22 trials
22 trials 23 show
23 show 25 improvement
24 no 25 improvement
25 improvement 26 in
26 in 28 or
27 atherosclerosis 28 or
28 or 31 factors
28 or 32 ,
29 cardiovascular 31 factors
30 risk 31 factors
33 and 35 lowering
33 and 39 levels
34 a 35 lowering
35 lowering 36 of
35 lowering 39 levels
36 of 38 cholesterol
37 hdl 38 cholesterol

dhea supplementation modestly increases bone mineral density in conjunction with adjuvant therapies and improves cognition in those [with] mild - to [-] moderate cognitive impairment , but does not affect cognition in unimpaired women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 supplementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 dhea 2 supplementation
2 supplementation 13 and
3 modestly 4 increases
4 increases 7 density
4 increases 8 in
4 increases 10 with
4 increases 13 and
5 bone 6 mineral
6 mineral 7 density
8 in 9 conjunction
10 with 12 therapies
11 adjuvant 12 therapies
13 and 27 but
13 and 32 in
14 improves 15 cognition
14 improves 16 in
14 improves 21 to
14 improves 27 but
16 in 19 mild
17 those 19 mild
20 - 21 to
21 to 23 moderate
21 to 26 ,
23 moderate 25 impairment
24 cognitive 25 impairment
27 but 28 does
28 does 29 not
28 does 30 affect
30 affect 31 cognition
32 in 34 women
33 unimpaired 34 women

use of intravaginal dhea , but not oral dhea , alleviates vaginal atrophy and [improves] sexual function in postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 alleviates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 use 2 of
1 use 6 but
2 of 4 dhea
3 intravaginal 4 dhea
5 , 6 but
6 but 7 not
6 but 9 dhea
6 but 10 ,
6 but 11 alleviates
7 not 8 oral
11 alleviates 14 and
12 vaginal 13 atrophy
13 atrophy 14 and
14 and 17 function
14 and 18 in
16 sexual 17 function
18 in 20 women
19 postmenopausal 20 women

summary : on the basis of current evidence , there is no role for oral dhea supplementation in healthy , postmenopausal women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 3 on
3 on 5 basis
4 the 5 basis
5 basis 6 of
6 of 8 evidence
7 current 8 evidence
9 , 10 there
9 , 11 is
10 there 11 is
11 is 13 role
12 no 13 role
13 role 14 for
14 for 17 supplementation
15 oral 17 supplementation
16 dhea 17 supplementation
17 supplementation 18 in
18 in 22 women
19 healthy 20 ,
19 healthy 22 women
21 postmenopausal 22 women

where benefits have been shown , long - term studies are needed to confirm these benefits and verify the safety profile of dhea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 where 2 benefits
1 where 5 shown
1 where 10 studies
2 benefits 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 shown
5 shown 6 ,
7 long 8 -
7 long 9 term
9 term 10 studies
10 studies 11 are
11 are 12 needed
12 needed 13 to
13 to 17 and
14 confirm 16 benefits
14 confirm 17 and
15 these 16 benefits
17 and 18 verify
18 verify 21 profile
19 the 21 profile
20 safety 21 profile
21 profile 22 of
22 of 23 dhea

purpose of review : the world population is aging and a rapid increase is being seen in the very elderly ( aged >80 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 7 population
4 : 8 is
4 : 10 and
4 : 26 .
5 the 7 population
6 world 7 population
7 population 8 is
8 is 9 aging
10 and 13 increase
10 and 14 is
11 a 12 rapid
11 a 13 increase
12 rapid 13 increase
13 increase 14 is
14 is 15 being
15 being 16 seen
15 being 17 in
15 being 24 years
17 in 20 elderly
18 the 19 very
18 the 20 elderly
21 ( 24 years
22 aged 24 years
23 >80 24 years
24 years 25 )

cholesterol levels in general rise with age and high cholesterol has been associated with extreme longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cholesterol 2 levels
2 levels 4 general
2 levels 5 rise
3 in 4 general
5 rise 6 with
6 with 7 age
8 and 10 cholesterol
8 and 13 associated
9 high 10 cholesterol
10 cholesterol 11 has
11 has 12 been
12 been 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 longevity
15 extreme 16 longevity

the relationship between lipids and cardiovascular events in the extreme [elderly] is unclear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 relationship
2 relationship 3 between
2 relationship 12 is
3 between 5 and
4 lipids 5 and
5 and 7 events
5 and 8 in
6 cardiovascular 7 events
8 in 10 extreme
9 the 10 extreme
12 is 13 unclear

recent findings : a number of genetic factors associated with lipid metabolism have also been described as having potential antiaging roles , including the genes encoding lipoprotein - associated factors - apolipoprotein e and cholesterol ester transfer protein [;] adipose tissue metabolism - adiponectin , leptin , glycaemia [;] and blood pressure - angiotensinogen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 8 factors
4 a 5 number
5 number 6 of
5 number 8 factors
6 of 8 factors
7 genetic 8 factors
8 factors 9 associated
8 factors 10 with
8 factors 13 have
10 with 12 metabolism
11 lipid 12 metabolism
13 have 15 been
14 also 15 been
15 been 16 described
16 described 17 as
17 as 18 having
18 having 19 potential
18 having 23 including
19 potential 20 antiaging
20 antiaging 21 roles
22 , 23 including
23 including 34 and
24 the 34 and
25 genes 26 encoding
25 genes 34 and
26 encoding 27 lipoprotein
26 encoding 31 -
28 - 31 -
29 associated 30 factors
30 factors 31 -
31 - 32 apolipoprotein
32 apolipoprotein 33 e
34 and 42 metabolism
34 and 43 -
34 and 44 adiponectin
35 cholesterol 36 ester
36 ester 37 transfer
37 transfer 41 tissue
38 protein 40 adipose
40 adipose 41 tissue
41 tissue 42 metabolism
43 - 44 adiponectin
44 adiponectin 53 -
44 adiponectin 55 .
45 , 53 -
46 leptin 47 ,
47 , 48 glycaemia
47 , 50 and
50 and 52 pressure
50 and 53 -
51 blood 52 pressure
53 - 54 angiotensinogen

clinical trials of lipid [-] lowering therapies have recruited subgroups of moderately elderly patients , but only the prospective study of pravastatin in the elderly at risk ( prosper ) trial specifically recruited an elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 trials
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 clinical 2 trials
2 trials 3 of
2 trials 8 have
3 of 7 therapies
4 lipid 7 therapies
6 lowering 7 therapies
8 have 10 subgroups
9 recruited 10 subgroups
10 subgroups 11 of
11 of 14 patients
12 moderately 13 elderly
13 elderly 14 patients
15 , 16 but
16 but 17 only
16 but 31 trial
16 but 33 recruited
18 the 31 trial
19 prospective 20 study
20 study 21 of
20 study 29 prosper
21 of 22 pravastatin
22 pravastatin 23 in
22 pravastatin 26 at
23 in 25 elderly
24 the 25 elderly
26 at 27 risk
28 ( 29 prosper
29 prosper 30 )
29 prosper 31 trial
31 trial 33 recruited
32 specifically 33 recruited
33 recruited 36 population
34 an 35 elderly
34 an 36 population
35 elderly 36 population

[there] is no direct equivalent of the hypertension in the very elderly trial ( hyvet ) study of antihypertensive patients in the extreme [elderly] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
2 is 5 equivalent
2 is 17 study
2 is 21 in
3 no 5 equivalent
4 direct 5 equivalent
5 equivalent 6 of
5 equivalent 9 in
5 equivalent 15 hyvet
6 of 8 hypertension
7 the 8 hypertension
9 in 13 trial
10 the 13 trial
11 very 13 trial
12 elderly 13 trial
14 ( 15 hyvet
15 hyvet 16 )
17 study 18 of
18 of 20 patients
19 antihypertensive 20 patients
21 in 23 extreme
22 the 23 extreme

no heterogeneity has been seen with the effects of statin therapy in the elderly compared with younger age groups on classical cardiovascular endpoints of coronary heart disease and stroke . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 heterogeneity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 no 2 heterogeneity
2 heterogeneity 3 has
3 has 4 been
4 been 5 seen
5 seen 6 with
6 with 8 effects
6 with 15 compared
7 the 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
9 of 11 therapy
10 statin 11 therapy
11 therapy 12 in
12 in 14 elderly
13 the 14 elderly
15 compared 16 with
15 compared 20 on
16 with 19 groups
17 younger 18 age
18 age 19 groups
20 on 23 endpoints
21 classical 23 endpoints
22 cardiovascular 23 endpoints
23 endpoints 24 of
24 of 28 and
25 coronary 26 heart
26 heart 27 disease
27 disease 28 and
28 and 29 stroke

summary : the optimal cholesterol target , long - term tolerability and the specific effects of statins on other vascular - associated diseases of aging , for example arterial aneurysms , microvascular renal and cerebral disease ( dementias ) , remain to be determined . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 6 target
3 the 6 target
4 optimal 5 cholesterol
5 cholesterol 6 target
7 , 12 and
7 , 26 ,
8 long 9 -
8 long 11 tolerability
10 term 11 tolerability
11 tolerability 12 and
12 and 15 effects
12 and 24 of
13 the 15 effects
14 specific 15 effects
15 effects 16 of
16 of 17 statins
17 statins 18 on
18 on 23 diseases
19 other 23 diseases
20 vascular 21 -
20 vascular 23 diseases
22 associated 23 diseases
24 of 25 aging
26 , 30 aneurysms
26 , 41 remain
27 for 28 example
28 example 29 arterial
29 arterial 30 aneurysms
30 aneurysms 36 disease
30 aneurysms 41 remain
31 , 36 disease
32 microvascular 36 disease
33 renal 34 and
34 and 35 cerebral
34 and 36 disease
36 disease 38 dementias
36 disease 40 ,
37 ( 38 dementias
38 dementias 39 )
41 remain 42 to
42 to 43 be
43 be 44 determined

patient safety is an overarching theme inherent in hospital care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 safety
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 patient 2 safety
2 safety 3 is
3 is 6 theme
4 an 6 theme
5 overarching 6 theme
6 theme 7 inherent
7 inherent 8 in
8 in 10 care
9 hospital 10 care

the aging of the population increases the potential for serious consequences from a lapse in safety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 aging
2 aging 3 of
2 aging 6 increases
3 of 5 population
4 the 5 population
6 increases 8 potential
6 increases 15 in
7 the 8 potential
8 potential 9 for
9 for 11 consequences
10 serious 11 consequences
11 consequences 12 from
12 from 14 lapse
13 a 14 lapse
15 in 16 safety

educating intensive care unit nursing team members in early recognition of delirium and other fall risk factors can improve patient safety outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 educating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 improve
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 educating 7 members
1 educating 8 in
1 educating 18 can
2 intensive 3 care
3 care 5 nursing
4 unit 5 nursing
5 nursing 7 members
6 team 7 members
8 in 13 and
9 early 10 recognition
10 recognition 11 of
10 recognition 13 and
11 of 12 delirium
13 and 17 factors
14 other 17 factors
15 fall 17 factors
16 risk 17 factors
18 can 19 improve
19 improve 22 outcomes
20 patient 21 safety
21 safety 22 outcomes

the geriatric resource nurse model was used to achieve a reduction in [falls] through standardized delirium screening and implementation of fall prevention strategies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 5 model
2 geriatric 3 resource
3 resource 5 model
4 nurse 5 model
5 model 6 was
6 was 7 used
7 used 8 to
7 used 9 achieve
8 to 9 achieve
9 achieve 11 reduction
9 achieve 12 in
10 a 11 reduction
12 in 18 and
14 through 16 delirium
15 standardized 16 delirium
16 delirium 17 screening
17 screening 18 and
18 and 19 implementation
18 and 20 of
20 of 23 strategies
21 fall 22 prevention
22 prevention 23 strategies

the aim of this study was to assess the independent contributions of plasma levels of lipoprotein ( a [ )( lp [(] [a] ) [ )(, lp ( [a] [ )(cholesterol , and [of] apo ( a [ )(isoform size to prospective coronary heart disease ( chd ) risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 )(,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 assess
7 to 8 assess
8 assess 11 contributions
9 the 11 contributions
10 independent 11 contributions
11 contributions 12 of
11 contributions 15 of
11 contributions 21 lp
12 of 14 levels
13 plasma 14 levels
15 of 16 lipoprotein
17 ( 21 lp
18 a 21 lp
21 lp 24 )
26 )(, 33 and
27 lp 31 )(cholesterol
27 lp 33 and
28 ( 31 )(cholesterol
31 )(cholesterol 32 ,
32 , 33 and
33 and 49 risk
35 apo 40 size
35 apo 48 )
35 apo 49 risk
36 ( 40 size
37 a 40 size
39 )(isoform 40 size
40 size 41 to
40 size 47 chd
40 size 48 )
41 to 45 disease
42 prospective 44 heart
43 coronary 44 heart
44 heart 45 disease
46 ( 47 chd
47 chd 48 )

plasma lp ( [a] [ )(and lp ( [a] [ )(cholesterol levels , and apo ( a [ )(isoform size were measured at examination cycle 5 in subjects participating in the framingham offspring study who were free of chd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 plasma 2 lp
2 lp 6 )(and
3 ( 6 )(and
6 )(and 7 lp
6 )(and 12 levels
6 )(and 14 and
8 ( 12 levels
11 )(cholesterol 12 levels
12 levels 13 ,
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 apo
14 and 19 )(isoform
16 ( 19 )(isoform
17 a 19 )(isoform
19 )(isoform 20 size
19 )(isoform 21 were
19 )(isoform 22 measured
19 )(isoform 40 .
20 size 21 were
22 measured 23 at
22 measured 27 in
23 at 25 cycle
24 examination 25 cycle
25 cycle 26 5
27 in 28 subjects
28 subjects 29 participating
28 subjects 35 who
28 subjects 36 were
29 participating 30 in
30 in 34 study
31 the 34 study
32 framingham 33 offspring
33 offspring 34 study
35 who 36 were
36 were 37 free
37 free 38 of
38 of 39 chd

after a mean follow - up of 12.3 years , 98 men and 47 women developed new chd events . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 follow
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 after 3 mean
1 after 4 follow
2 a 3 mean
5 - 13 and
5 - 16 developed
5 - 20 .
6 up 7 of
6 up 10 ,
7 of 9 years
8 12.3 9 years
10 , 12 men
10 , 13 and
11 98 12 men
13 and 15 women
13 and 16 developed
14 47 15 women
16 developed 19 events
17 new 19 events
18 chd 19 events

in multivariate analysis , the hazard ratio of chd was approximately two - fold greater [in] men in the upper tertile of plasma lp ( a [ )(levels [,] relative to those in the bottom tertile ( p < 0.002 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ratio
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 ratio
2 multivariate 3 analysis
5 the 7 ratio
6 hazard 7 ratio
7 ratio 8 of
7 ratio 10 was
8 of 9 chd
10 was 12 two
11 approximately 12 two
12 two 17 men
13 - 17 men
14 fold 17 men
15 greater 17 men
17 men 18 in
17 men 22 of
17 men 41 )
18 in 21 tertile
19 the 21 tertile
20 upper 21 tertile
22 of 24 lp
23 plasma 24 lp
24 lp 30 relative
25 ( 30 relative
26 a 30 relative
28 )(levels 30 relative
30 relative 31 to
30 relative 33 in
30 relative 39 <
30 relative 41 )
31 to 32 those
33 in 36 tertile
34 the 36 tertile
35 bottom 36 tertile
37 ( 39 <
38 p 39 <
39 < 40 0.002
39 < 41 )

the apo [(] [a] ) isoform size contributed only modestly to the association between lp ( [a] [ )(and chd and was not an independent predictor of chd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 size
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 7 size
2 apo 5 )
2 apo 7 size
6 isoform 7 size
7 size 21 and
8 contributed 9 only
8 contributed 10 modestly
8 contributed 11 to
8 contributed 14 between
8 contributed 21 and
11 to 13 association
12 the 13 association
14 between 19 )(and
15 lp 19 )(and
16 ( 19 )(and
19 )(and 20 chd
21 and 22 was
22 was 23 not
22 was 26 predictor
24 an 25 independent
24 an 26 predictor
25 independent 26 predictor
26 predictor 27 of
27 of 28 chd

in multivariate analysis , lp [(] [a] ) cholesterol was not significantly associated with chd risk in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 cholesterol
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 9 cholesterol
2 multivariate 3 analysis
3 analysis 5 lp
4 , 5 lp
5 lp 8 )
9 cholesterol 10 was
10 was 11 not
10 was 13 associated
12 significantly 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 17 in
14 with 16 risk
15 chd 16 risk
17 in 18 men

in women , no association between lp ( [a] [ )(and chd risk was observed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 11 )(and
1 in 14 was
2 women 3 ,
3 , 5 association
3 , 11 )(and
4 no 5 association
5 association 6 between
6 between 7 lp
8 ( 11 )(and
11 )(and 12 chd
13 risk 14 was
14 was 15 observed

elevated plasma lp [(] [a] [ )(levels are a significant and independent predictor of chd risk in men . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 )(levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 elevated 2 plasma
2 plasma 7 )(levels
3 lp 7 )(levels
7 )(levels 8 are
8 are 13 predictor
9 a 13 predictor
10 significant 11 and
11 and 12 independent
11 and 13 predictor
13 predictor 14 of
14 of 16 risk
15 chd 16 risk
16 risk 17 in
17 in 18 men

the assessment of apo [(] [a] ) isoform size in this cohort does not add significant information about chd risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 add
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 of
2 assessment 13 does
3 of 9 size
4 apo 7 )
4 apo 9 size
8 isoform 9 size
9 size 10 in
10 in 12 cohort
11 this 12 cohort
13 does 14 not
13 does 15 add
15 add 17 information
15 add 18 about
16 significant 17 information
18 about 20 risk
19 chd 20 risk

in addition , the cholesterol content in lp [(] [a] ) is not a significant predictor of chd risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 5 cholesterol
2 addition 12 is
3 , 5 cholesterol
4 the 5 cholesterol
5 cholesterol 6 content
5 cholesterol 11 )
6 content 7 in
7 in 8 lp
12 is 13 not
12 is 16 predictor
14 a 15 significant
14 a 16 predictor
15 significant 16 predictor
16 predictor 17 of
17 of 19 risk
18 chd 19 risk

background : glycosaminoglycans ( gags ) have various structural and physiological regulatory functions in skin , including tissue water maintenance , due to their high water - holding capacity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 glycosaminoglycans
2 : 7 have
3 glycosaminoglycans 5 gags
3 glycosaminoglycans 7 have
4 ( 5 gags
5 gags 6 )
7 have 13 functions
8 various 13 functions
9 structural 10 and
10 and 11 physiological
10 and 13 functions
12 regulatory 13 functions
13 functions 14 in
13 functions 28 holding
14 in 15 skin
15 skin 17 including
16 , 17 including
17 including 20 maintenance
17 including 27 -
18 tissue 20 maintenance
19 water 20 maintenance
20 maintenance 23 to
21 , 23 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 26 water
23 to 27 -
24 their 26 water
25 high 26 water
28 holding 29 capacity

objective : to investigate changes of gags during intrinsic aging and photoaging of human skin and their correlations with water content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 investigate
3 to 4 investigate
4 investigate 5 changes
4 investigate 8 during
5 changes 6 of
6 of 7 gags
8 during 11 and
9 intrinsic 10 aging
9 intrinsic 11 and
11 and 12 photoaging
11 and 13 of
11 and 19 with
13 of 16 and
14 human 15 skin
15 skin 16 and
16 and 18 correlations
17 their 18 correlations
19 with 21 content
20 water 21 content

ha content was determined by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay using ha - binding protein , tsgag by the sulfated gag assay kit using 1,9 - dimethylmethylene blue , tua by carbazole reaction , and tissue water by subtraction of tissue dry weight from wet weight . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 content
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 determined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 ha 2 content
2 content 3 was
3 was 4 determined
4 determined 5 by
5 by 6 enzyme
7 - 35 and
7 - 37 water
7 - 47 .
8 linked 17 tsgag
9 immunosorbent 10 assay
10 assay 17 tsgag
11 using 17 tsgag
12 ha 15 protein
12 ha 17 tsgag
13 - 15 protein
14 binding 15 protein
15 protein 16 ,
17 tsgag 18 by
17 tsgag 35 and
18 by 23 kit
19 the 23 kit
20 sulfated 22 assay
21 gag 22 assay
22 assay 23 kit
23 kit 24 using
23 kit 30 tua
24 using 25 1,9
26 - 30 tua
27 dimethylmethylene 28 blue
28 blue 29 ,
28 blue 30 tua
30 tua 31 by
30 tua 34 ,
31 by 33 reaction
32 carbazole 33 reaction
35 and 36 tissue
35 and 37 water
37 water 38 by
37 water 42 dry
37 water 43 weight
38 by 39 subtraction
39 subtraction 40 of
40 of 41 tissue
43 weight 44 from
44 from 46 weight
45 wet 46 weight

results : in the buttock , ha was higher in dermis than in epidermis , while tsgag and tua were higher in epidermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 5 buttock
4 the 5 buttock
6 , 7 ha
6 , 8 was
7 ha 8 was
8 was 9 higher
9 higher 10 in
9 higher 12 than
9 higher 16 while
10 in 11 dermis
12 than 13 in
13 in 14 epidermis
15 , 16 while
16 while 18 and
16 while 20 were
16 while 24 .
17 tsgag 18 and
18 and 19 tua
18 and 20 were
20 were 21 higher
21 higher 22 in
22 in 23 epidermis

in intrinsically aged buttock , epidermal ha and dermal tsgag and tua decreased . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 buttock
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 in 4 buttock
2 intrinsically 3 aged
3 aged 4 buttock
5 , 7 ha
5 , 8 and
6 epidermal 7 ha
8 and 11 and
8 and 13 decreased
9 dermal 10 tsgag
10 tsgag 11 and
11 and 12 tua
11 and 13 decreased

however , when analyzed for each gender , epidermal tsgag , tua , and tissue water decreased only in females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 water
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 16 water
3 when 4 analyzed
3 when 16 water
4 analyzed 5 for
5 for 14 and
6 each 7 gender
7 gender 8 ,
8 , 10 tsgag
8 , 11 ,
9 epidermal 10 tsgag
11 , 12 tua
11 , 14 and
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 tissue
16 water 17 decreased
17 decreased 18 only
18 only 19 in
19 in 20 females

forearm/buttock ratios of each molecule were compared for determination of photoaging - dependent changes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 forearm/buttock 2 ratios
2 ratios 3 of
2 ratios 6 were
3 of 5 molecule
4 each 5 molecule
6 were 7 compared
7 compared 8 for
8 for 9 determination
9 determination 10 of
10 of 11 photoaging
12 - 14 changes
12 - 15 .
13 dependent 14 changes

forearm/buttock ratios of ha , tsgag , tua , and tissue water increased in aged dermis , but showed no change in aged epidermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 forearm/buttock 2 ratios
2 ratios 3 of
2 ratios 18 but
3 of 10 and
4 ha 5 ,
5 , 6 tsgag
5 , 7 ,
7 , 8 tua
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 12 water
11 tissue 12 water
13 increased 14 in
13 increased 18 but
14 in 16 dermis
15 aged 16 dermis
17 , 18 but
18 but 19 showed
19 showed 21 change
19 showed 22 in
20 no 21 change
22 in 24 epidermis
23 aged 24 epidermis

when analyzed for each gender , ratios of epidermal ha and tissue water increased only in aged females , while ratios of epidermal tsgag , tua , and tissue water decreased only in aged males . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 when 2 analyzed
1 when 19 ,
1 when 28 and
2 analyzed 3 for
3 for 11 and
4 each 5 gender
5 gender 6 ,
6 , 7 ratios
6 , 11 and
7 ratios 8 of
8 of 10 ha
9 epidermal 10 ha
11 and 13 water
11 and 14 increased
12 tissue 13 water
14 increased 15 only
15 only 16 in
16 in 18 females
17 aged 18 females
19 , 20 while
20 while 21 ratios
20 while 25 ,
20 while 28 and
21 ratios 22 of
22 of 24 tsgag
23 epidermal 24 tsgag
26 tua 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 30 water
28 and 31 decreased
29 tissue 30 water
31 decreased 32 only
31 decreased 33 in
33 in 35 males
34 aged 35 males

correlations of water content with ha , tsgag , and tua were found in epidermis , but not with tsgag in dermis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 correlations 2 of
1 correlations 7 ,
2 of 3 water
3 water 4 content
4 content 5 with
5 with 6 ha
7 , 8 tsgag
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 tua
10 and 12 were
12 were 13 found
13 found 17 but
13 found 21 in
14 in 15 epidermis
14 in 17 but
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 not
17 but 19 with
19 with 20 tsgag
21 in 22 dermis

conclusion : these intrinsic aging - and photoaging - dependent gag changes and their correlations with water content provide new insights into the pathophysiology of dry skin in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 7 and
3 these 4 intrinsic
4 intrinsic 5 aging
4 intrinsic 7 and
6 - 7 and
7 and 8 photoaging
9 - 12 changes
9 - 13 and
10 dependent 12 changes
11 gag 12 changes
13 and 15 correlations
13 and 19 provide
14 their 15 correlations
15 correlations 16 with
15 correlations 19 provide
16 with 18 content
17 water 18 content
19 provide 21 insights
19 provide 28 in
20 new 21 insights
21 insights 22 into
22 into 24 pathophysiology
23 the 24 pathophysiology
24 pathophysiology 25 of
25 of 27 skin
26 dry 27 skin
28 in 30 elderly
29 the 30 elderly

morphological changes in the lips during ageing , including labial volume , area and thickness were assessed in healthy individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 morphological
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 morphological 2 changes
2 changes 3 in
2 changes 6 during
3 in 5 lips
4 the 5 lips
6 during 7 ageing
7 ageing 9 including
8 , 9 including
9 including 11 volume
9 including 12 ,
10 labial 11 volume
12 , 14 and
12 , 17 assessed
13 area 14 and
14 and 15 thickness
14 and 16 were
16 were 17 assessed
17 assessed 18 in
18 in 20 individuals
19 healthy 20 individuals

three - dimensional ( 3 d ) stone labial models [were] made , digitized , and 3 d virtual reproductions obtained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 three
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 - 8 stone
3 dimensional 6 d
3 dimensional 8 stone
4 ( 6 d
5 3 6 d
6 d 7 )
8 stone 16 and
8 stone 21 obtained
9 labial 10 models
10 models 12 made
10 models 16 and
12 made 14 digitized
13 , 14 digitized
14 digitized 15 ,
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 reproductions
16 and 21 obtained
17 3 18 d
18 d 20 reproductions
19 virtual 20 reproductions

labial thickness , vermilion area , and volume of the upper and lower lips were measured from the digital reconstructions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 labial 2 thickness
2 thickness 3 ,
3 , 5 area
3 , 7 and
4 vermilion 5 area
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 volume
7 and 9 of
7 and 15 were
9 of 14 lips
10 the 11 upper
11 upper 12 and
12 and 13 lower
12 and 14 lips
15 were 16 measured
16 measured 17 from
17 from 20 reconstructions
18 the 20 reconstructions
19 digital 20 reconstructions

the data were compared using three - way anova . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 compared
4 compared 5 using
5 using 6 three
7 - 9 anova
7 - 10 .
8 way 9 anova

all data were significantly larger in men than in women ( p<0.05 ) , the lower lip was thicker than the upper lip ( p<0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 all 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 significantly
3 were 5 larger
5 larger 6 in
5 larger 8 than
6 in 7 men
8 than 9 in
9 in 10 women
10 women 12 p<0.05
11 ( 12 p<0.05
12 p<0.05 13 )
14 , 17 lip
14 , 18 was
15 the 17 lip
16 lower 17 lip
17 lip 18 was
18 was 19 thicker
19 thicker 20 than
20 than 23 lip
21 the 23 lip
22 upper 23 lip
23 lip 25 p<0.001
24 ( 25 p<0.001
25 p<0.001 26 )

a significant effect of age for labial thickness and area [were] found ( p<0.001 and p=0.014 ) : the youthful group had higher values than the aged group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 a 3 effect
2 significant 3 effect
3 effect 4 of
3 effect 6 for
3 effect 9 and
4 of 5 age
6 for 8 thickness
7 labial 8 thickness
9 and 10 area
9 and 12 found
9 and 15 and
13 ( 15 and
14 p<0.001 15 and
15 and 16 p=0.014
15 and 17 )
18 : 21 group
18 : 22 had
19 the 21 group
20 youthful 21 group
21 group 22 had
22 had 24 values
22 had 25 than
23 higher 24 values
25 than 28 group
26 the 28 group
27 aged 28 group

upper [to] lower lip ratios were not significantly different between sexes or ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 upper 4 lip
3 lower 4 lip
4 lip 5 ratios
5 ratios 6 were
6 were 7 not
6 were 9 different
7 not 8 significantly
8 significantly 9 different
9 different 10 between
10 between 12 or
11 sexes 12 or
12 or 13 ages

generally , young people have a larger lip area and thickness than aged ones and men had larger lips than women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 generally 2 ,
1 generally 4 people
3 young 4 people
4 people 5 have
5 have 10 and
5 have 12 than
5 have 20 than
6 a 9 area
7 larger 8 lip
8 lip 9 area
9 area 10 and
10 and 11 thickness
12 than 15 and
12 than 17 had
12 than 19 lips
13 aged 14 ones
14 ones 15 and
15 and 16 men
15 and 17 had
18 larger 19 lips
20 than 21 women

the upper/lower lip ratios for area and volume were similar in the two genders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ratios
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 4 ratios
2 upper/lower 4 ratios
3 lip 4 ratios
4 ratios 5 for
4 ratios 9 were
5 for 7 and
6 area 7 and
7 and 8 volume
9 were 10 similar
10 similar 11 in
11 in 14 genders
12 the 13 two
13 two 14 genders

[none] none this study explored the reliability and validity of a nine [-] item screening tool [(] [co] - [occurring] joint action council [ cojac ] screening tool [[] [cst] ] ) for co - occurring disorders ( cod ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 explored
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
2 none 3 this
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 explored
5 explored 8 and
5 explored 33 for
6 the 7 reliability
7 reliability 8 and
8 and 9 validity
8 and 32 )
9 validity 10 of
10 of 16 tool
11 a 16 tool
12 nine 14 item
14 item 16 tool
15 screening 16 tool
16 tool 28 tool
19 - 28 tool
21 joint 22 action
22 action 23 council
23 council 25 cojac
24 [ 25 cojac
25 cojac 26 ]
25 cojac 27 screening
27 screening 28 tool
28 tool 31 ]
33 for 34 co
34 co 37 disorders
35 - 37 disorders
36 occurring 37 disorders
37 disorders 39 cod
37 disorders 40 )
38 ( 39 cod
39 cod 40 )

using a convenience sample ( n=1,951 ) , an online survey was conducted in multiple settings and included demographic questions , [the] [cst] , the global appraisal of individual needs - short screener ( gain - ss ) , and the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist - civilian version . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 survey
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 -
1 using 4 sample
1 using 8 ,
1 using 11 survey
2 a 4 sample
3 convenience 4 sample
4 sample 6 n=1,951
5 ( 6 n=1,951
6 n=1,951 7 )
9 an 11 survey
10 online 11 survey
11 survey 12 was
12 was 13 conducted
13 conducted 14 in
14 in 17 and
15 multiple 16 settings
16 settings 17 and
17 and 20 questions
17 and 21 ,
17 and 27 appraisal
17 and 33 screener
18 included 19 demographic
19 demographic 20 questions
24 , 27 appraisal
25 the 27 appraisal
26 global 27 appraisal
27 appraisal 28 of
27 appraisal 31 -
28 of 30 needs
29 individual 30 needs
31 - 33 screener
32 short 33 screener
33 screener 40 and
33 screener 46 -
34 ( 40 and
35 gain 37 ss
35 gain 40 and
36 - 37 ss
37 ss 38 )
39 , 40 and
40 and 45 checklist
40 and 46 -
41 the 45 checklist
42 posttraumatic 43 stress
43 stress 44 disorder
44 disorder 45 checklist
46 - 48 version
46 - 49 .
47 civilian 48 version

the [cst] substance abuse ( sa ) [scale] performed well with a cronbach 's alpha of [.] 84 and a correlation of [.] 71 with gain - ss sa [(] [past] [year] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 abuse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 4 abuse
3 substance 4 abuse
4 abuse 6 sa
4 abuse 9 performed
5 ( 6 sa
6 sa 7 )
9 performed 10 well
9 performed 11 with
11 with 19 and
12 a 13 cronbach
13 cronbach 14 's
14 's 15 alpha
15 alpha 16 of
15 alpha 19 and
16 of 18 84
19 and 21 correlation
19 and 22 of
20 a 21 correlation
22 of 24 71
24 71 25 with
24 71 29 sa
25 with 26 gain
27 - 29 sa
28 ss 29 sa
29 sa 33 )

the [cst] mental health and trauma items did not perform well as scales with cronbach 's alphas of [.] 64 and [.] 56 , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 perform
1 the 4 health
3 mental 4 health
4 health 5 and
5 and 7 items
5 and 8 did
6 trauma 7 items
8 did 9 not
8 did 10 perform
10 perform 11 well
10 perform 12 as
10 perform 14 with
10 perform 25 respectively
12 as 13 scales
14 with 17 alphas
15 cronbach 16 's
16 's 17 alphas
17 alphas 18 of
18 of 21 and
20 64 21 and
21 and 23 56
24 , 25 respectively
25 respectively 26 .

[the] [cst] - sa is a short , reliable , and valid measure of sa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
3 - 4 sa
4 sa 5 is
5 is 15 sa
6 a 13 measure
7 short 8 ,
8 , 9 reliable
8 , 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 valid
11 and 13 measure
13 measure 14 of
13 measure 15 sa
14 of 15 sa

further study is needed to determine the best evaluation tool for the mental health portion of the cod screening instrument . this pilot study compared basic neurocognitive functioning among older and younger cocaine abusers and control participants , as a preliminary assessment of whether specific cognitive deficits exist in [an] aged cocaine - abusing population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 determine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 further 2 study
2 study 3 is
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 determine
6 determine 10 tool
7 the 8 best
7 the 10 tool
9 evaluation 10 tool
10 tool 11 for
10 tool 16 of
11 for 15 portion
12 the 15 portion
13 mental 14 health
14 health 15 portion
16 of 20 instrument
17 the 20 instrument
18 cod 20 instrument
19 screening 20 instrument
21 . 35 and
22 this 28 functioning
23 pilot 24 study
24 study 25 compared
25 compared 28 functioning
26 basic 28 functioning
27 neurocognitive 28 functioning
28 functioning 29 among
28 functioning 35 and
29 among 34 abusers
30 older 31 and
31 and 32 younger
31 and 34 abusers
33 cocaine 34 abusers
35 and 37 participants
35 and 38 ,
35 and 39 as
36 control 37 participants
38 , 39 as
39 as 42 assessment
39 as 56 .
40 a 41 preliminary
40 a 42 assessment
41 preliminary 42 assessment
42 assessment 43 of
43 of 44 whether
44 whether 47 deficits
44 whether 48 exist
45 specific 47 deficits
46 cognitive 47 deficits
47 deficits 48 exist
48 exist 49 in
48 exist 54 abusing
49 in 52 cocaine
51 aged 52 cocaine
53 - 54 abusing
54 abusing 55 population
54 abusing 56 .

we hypothesized an interaction between aging and cocaine abuse , such that older cocaine abusers would exhibit decreased neuropsychological test performance relative to both younger cocaine abusers and older control participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 7 and
2 hypothesized 12 that
3 an 4 interaction
4 interaction 5 between
4 interaction 7 and
5 between 6 aging
7 and 9 abuse
7 and 10 ,
8 cocaine 9 abuse
11 such 12 that
12 that 14 cocaine
12 that 18 decreased
13 older 14 cocaine
14 cocaine 15 abusers
14 cocaine 17 exhibit
14 cocaine 18 decreased
15 abusers 16 would
16 would 17 exhibit
18 decreased 21 performance
19 neuropsychological 20 test
20 test 21 performance
21 performance 22 relative
22 relative 23 to
23 to 31 participants
24 both 25 younger
25 younger 30 control
26 cocaine 27 abusers
27 abusers 28 and
28 and 29 older
28 and 30 control
30 control 31 participants

four groups ( n = 20 [each] ) were examined : older cocaine abusers ( ages 51 - 70 ) , younger cocaine abusers ( ages 21 - 39 ) , and two [non] - illicit substance - [using] control groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 four 2 groups
2 groups 5 =
2 groups 9 were
3 ( 5 =
4 n 5 =
5 = 6 20
5 = 8 )
9 were 10 examined
11 : 14 abusers
11 : 32 and
12 older 13 cocaine
13 cocaine 14 abusers
14 abusers 16 ages
14 abusers 19 70
14 abusers 24 abusers
15 ( 16 ages
16 ages 17 51
16 ages 18 -
18 - 19 70
19 70 20 )
21 , 24 abusers
22 younger 23 cocaine
23 cocaine 24 abusers
24 abusers 26 ages
24 abusers 31 ,
25 ( 26 ages
26 ages 27 21
26 ages 29 39
26 ages 31 ,
28 - 29 39
29 39 30 )
31 , 32 and
32 and 33 two
32 and 40 control
33 two 37 substance
33 two 40 control
35 - 37 substance
36 illicit 37 substance
37 substance 38 -
40 control 41 groups

basic neuropsychological and psychiatric measures were administered to all participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 basic 5 measures
2 neuropsychological 3 and
3 and 4 psychiatric
3 and 5 measures
5 measures 6 were
6 were 7 administered
7 administered 8 to
8 to 10 participants
9 all 10 participants

older participants performed more poorly than younger participants on the mini - mental state examination ( mmse , p < [.] 01 ) , digit span backward ( p < [.] 01 ) , and trail making test ( tmt ) parts a and b [(] [p] [<] ..y 01 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 )(
1 older 2 participants
2 participants 3 performed
2 participants 9 on
2 participants 35 and
3 performed 5 poorly
3 performed 6 than
4 more 5 poorly
6 than 8 participants
7 younger 8 participants
9 on 11 mini
10 the 11 mini
11 mini 17 mmse
11 mini 27 backward
12 - 17 mmse
13 mental 14 state
14 state 15 examination
15 examination 17 mmse
16 ( 17 mmse
17 mmse 18 ,
17 mmse 20 <
17 mmse 23 )
19 p 20 <
20 < 22 01
24 , 27 backward
25 digit 26 span
26 span 27 backward
27 backward 30 <
27 backward 33 )
28 ( 30 <
29 p 30 <
30 < 32 01
34 , 35 and
35 and 42 parts
36 trail 37 making
37 making 38 test
38 test 40 tmt
39 ( 40 tmt
40 tmt 41 )
40 tmt 42 parts
42 parts 43 a
44 and 45 b
44 and 49 ..y
45 b 49 ..y
49 ..y 50 01

cocaine abusers performed more poorly than controls on tmt a ( [p] < [.] 01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 abusers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cocaine 2 abusers
2 abusers 3 performed
3 performed 5 poorly
3 performed 6 than
3 performed 8 on
4 more 5 poorly
6 than 7 controls
8 on 9 tmt
9 tmt 10 a
9 tmt 15 01
11 ( 15 01
13 < 15 01
15 01 16 )

older and younger cocaine abusers used similar amounts of cocaine ( [p] > [.] 05 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 abusers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 older 2 and
2 and 3 younger
2 and 4 cocaine
4 cocaine 5 abusers
5 abusers 6 used
6 used 8 amounts
7 similar 8 amounts
8 amounts 9 of
9 of 10 cocaine
10 cocaine 15 05
11 ( 15 05
13 > 15 05
15 05 16 )

older cocaine abusers performed more poorly than older control participants and younger cocaine abusers on the digit span forward ( p < [.] 0125 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 abusers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 older 2 cocaine
2 cocaine 3 abusers
3 abusers 4 performed
4 performed 6 poorly
4 performed 7 than
5 more 6 poorly
7 than 13 cocaine
7 than 14 abusers
8 older 13 cocaine
9 control 10 participants
10 participants 11 and
11 and 12 younger
11 and 13 cocaine
13 cocaine 14 abusers
14 abusers 15 on
14 abusers 22 <
15 on 19 forward
16 the 19 forward
17 digit 18 span
18 span 19 forward
20 ( 22 <
21 p 22 <
22 < 24 0125
22 < 25 )

older cocaine abusers also performed more poorly than younger cocaine abusers on tmt a ( p < [.] 0125 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 abusers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 performed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 older 2 cocaine
2 cocaine 3 abusers
3 abusers 5 performed
4 also 5 performed
5 performed 7 poorly
5 performed 8 than
6 more 7 poorly
8 than 10 cocaine
8 than 11 abusers
9 younger 10 cocaine
10 cocaine 11 abusers
11 abusers 12 on
12 on 13 tmt
13 tmt 14 a
13 tmt 17 <
15 ( 17 <
16 p 17 <
17 < 19 0125
17 < 20 )

this study provides preliminary evidence that older cocaine abusers use a significant amount of cocaine and that there is an interaction between aging and cocaine abuse on psychomotor speed , attention , and short - term memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 provides
3 provides 5 evidence
3 provides 22 between
4 preliminary 5 evidence
5 evidence 16 and
6 that 9 abusers
6 that 10 use
6 that 16 and
7 older 8 cocaine
8 cocaine 9 abusers
9 abusers 10 use
10 use 13 amount
11 a 13 amount
12 significant 13 amount
13 amount 14 of
14 of 15 cocaine
16 and 17 that
17 that 18 there
17 that 19 is
18 there 19 is
19 is 21 interaction
20 an 21 interaction
22 between 23 aging
24 and 33 and
24 and 36 term
25 cocaine 26 abuse
26 abuse 27 on
26 abuse 30 ,
27 on 29 speed
28 psychomotor 29 speed
30 , 31 attention
30 , 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 short
33 and 35 -
33 and 36 term
36 term 37 memory

future examination of neurocognitive function [in] older cocaine abusers is clearly warranted . advanced glycation endproducts ( ages ) are a group of heterogeneous compounds formed by the [non] enzymatic reactions between aldehydic group of reducing [sugars] with proteins , lipids or nucleic acids . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 future 2 examination
2 examination 3 of
2 examination 10 is
3 of 9 abusers
4 neurocognitive 5 function
5 function 8 cocaine
7 older 8 cocaine
8 cocaine 9 abusers
10 is 11 clearly
10 is 12 warranted
13 . 16 endproducts
13 . 20 are
14 advanced 15 glycation
15 glycation 16 endproducts
16 endproducts 18 ages
16 endproducts 20 are
17 ( 18 ages
18 ages 19 )
20 are 22 group
21 a 22 group
22 group 23 of
22 group 26 formed
23 of 25 compounds
24 heterogeneous 25 compounds
26 formed 27 by
27 by 31 reactions
28 the 31 reactions
30 enzymatic 31 reactions
31 reactions 32 between
32 between 42 or
33 aldehydic 34 group
34 group 35 of
34 group 40 ,
35 of 36 reducing
36 reducing 38 with
38 with 39 proteins
40 , 41 lipids
40 , 42 or
42 or 44 acids
43 nucleic 44 acids

formation and accumulation of ages is related with the aging process and is accelerated in diabetes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 formation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
2 and 3 accumulation
2 and 12 and
3 accumulation 4 of
3 accumulation 12 and
4 of 5 ages
6 is 7 related
6 is 12 and
7 related 8 with
8 with 11 process
9 the 11 process
10 aging 11 process
12 and 13 is
13 is 14 accelerated
14 accelerated 15 in
15 in 16 diabetes

type 2 diabetes , the most common form of diabetes , is characterized by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance associated to a progressive deterioration [of] beta cell function and mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diabetes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 characterized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 type 2 2
1 type 3 diabetes
3 diabetes 8 form
3 diabetes 12 is
4 , 8 form
5 the 8 form
6 most 7 common
7 common 8 form
8 form 9 of
8 form 11 ,
9 of 10 diabetes
12 is 13 characterized
13 characterized 14 by
14 by 15 hyperglycaemia
16 and 18 resistance
16 and 19 associated
17 insulin 18 resistance
18 resistance 19 associated
19 associated 20 to
20 to 28 and
21 a 27 function
22 progressive 23 deterioration
23 deterioration 27 function
25 beta 26 cell
26 cell 27 function
27 function 28 and
28 and 29 mass

the pathogenic role of ages in vascular diabetic complications is widely recognised . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 recognised
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 the 3 role
2 pathogenic 3 role
3 role 4 of
3 role 10 is
4 of 5 ages
5 ages 6 in
6 in 9 complications
7 vascular 9 complications
8 diabetic 9 complications
10 is 11 widely
10 is 12 recognised

recently other aspects of the detrimental effects of ages in type 2 diabetes are emerged : ages interfere with the complex molecular pathway of insulin signaling , leading to insulin resistance ; ages modify the insulin molecule , and , consequently , its function ; ages decrease insulin secretion and insulin content . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 emerged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 53 .
1 recently 3 aspects
2 other 3 aspects
3 aspects 4 of
3 aspects 7 effects
3 aspects 14 are
3 aspects 15 emerged
4 of 6 detrimental
5 the 6 detrimental
7 effects 8 of
7 effects 14 are
8 of 9 ages
9 ages 10 in
10 in 13 diabetes
11 type 13 diabetes
12 2 13 diabetes
16 : 17 ages
16 : 18 interfere
16 : 32 ;
16 : 45 ;
17 ages 18 interfere
18 interfere 19 with
18 interfere 28 leading
19 with 23 pathway
19 with 26 signaling
20 the 23 pathway
21 complex 23 pathway
22 molecular 23 pathway
23 pathway 24 of
24 of 25 insulin
27 , 28 leading
28 leading 29 to
28 leading 32 ;
29 to 31 resistance
30 insulin 31 resistance
32 ; 33 ages
32 ; 34 modify
33 ages 34 modify
34 modify 39 and
35 the 37 molecule
36 insulin 37 molecule
37 molecule 39 and
38 , 39 and
39 and 41 consequently
39 and 44 function
39 and 45 ;
40 , 41 consequently
41 consequently 42 ,
43 its 44 function
45 ; 52 content
46 ages 47 decrease
47 decrease 48 insulin
48 insulin 52 content
49 secretion 50 and
50 and 51 insulin
50 and 52 content

in this article we review the role of ages in type 2 diabetes , beyond their involvement in vascular complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 review
1 in 3 article
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 article
4 we 5 review
5 review 7 role
5 review 10 in
6 the 7 role
7 role 8 of
8 of 9 ages
10 in 13 diabetes
11 type 13 diabetes
12 2 13 diabetes
13 diabetes 15 beyond
14 , 15 beyond
15 beyond 17 involvement
15 beyond 21 .
16 their 17 involvement
17 involvement 18 in
18 in 20 complications
19 vascular 20 complications

obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is a growing public health hazard fueled by the obesity epidemic and an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 apnea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 obstructive 3 apnea
2 sleep 3 apnea
3 apnea 5 osa
3 apnea 7 is
4 ( 5 osa
5 osa 6 )
7 is 12 hazard
8 a 12 hazard
9 growing 10 public
10 public 12 hazard
11 health 12 hazard
12 hazard 13 fueled
13 fueled 14 by
14 by 18 and
15 the 17 epidemic
16 obesity 17 epidemic
17 epidemic 18 and
18 and 21 population
19 an 21 population
20 aging 21 population

untreated sleep apnea can result in significant consequences both in the short - term and long - term . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 apnea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 untreated 2 sleep
2 sleep 3 apnea
3 apnea 4 can
4 can 5 result
5 result 6 in
6 in 8 consequences
7 significant 8 consequences
8 consequences 9 both
8 consequences 18 term
9 both 10 in
9 both 18 term
10 in 15 and
11 the 14 term
12 short 13 -
12 short 14 term
14 term 15 and
15 and 16 long
15 and 17 -

we need to educate the public to recognize the symptoms of sleep apnea and to publicize that effective treatments [are] available . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 we 14 and
2 need 3 to
2 need 7 to
2 need 8 recognize
2 need 14 and
3 to 4 educate
4 educate 6 public
5 the 6 public
7 to 8 recognize
8 recognize 10 symptoms
9 the 10 symptoms
10 symptoms 11 of
11 of 13 apnea
12 sleep 13 apnea
14 and 15 to
14 and 16 publicize
15 to 16 publicize
16 publicize 19 treatments
17 that 18 effective
18 effective 19 treatments
19 treatments 21 available

positive airway pressure therapy remains the gold standard currently in treating osa . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 therapy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 positive 2 airway
2 airway 4 therapy
3 pressure 4 therapy
4 therapy 5 remains
5 remains 7 gold
6 the 7 gold
7 gold 8 standard
8 standard 9 currently
8 standard 10 in
10 in 11 treating
11 treating 12 osa

alternative treatments include an oral appliance or surgical options . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatments
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 alternative 2 treatments
2 treatments 3 include
3 include 7 or
4 an 5 oral
4 an 6 appliance
5 oral 6 appliance
6 appliance 7 or
7 or 9 options
8 surgical 9 options

this paper discusses the pharmacologic treatment of sleep apnea : goals include medications to address the ventilatory control of breathing , treat co - morbid diseases , treat associated health problems/complaints , address special issues , such as anesthetic precautions , and propose future targets . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discusses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 3 discusses
3 discusses 6 treatment
4 the 6 treatment
5 pharmacologic 6 treatment
6 treatment 7 of
7 of 9 apnea
8 sleep 9 apnea
10 : 11 goals
10 : 27 ,
11 goals 27 ,
12 include 13 medications
12 include 14 to
12 include 27 ,
14 to 21 ,
15 address 18 control
15 address 21 ,
16 the 18 control
17 ventilatory 18 control
18 control 19 of
19 of 20 breathing
21 , 22 treat
21 , 26 diseases
23 co 24 -
23 co 26 diseases
25 morbid 26 diseases
27 , 42 and
28 treat 31 problems/complaints
28 treat 42 and
29 associated 31 problems/complaints
30 health 31 problems/complaints
31 problems/complaints 35 issues
32 , 35 issues
33 address 34 special
34 special 35 issues
35 issues 38 as
35 issues 41 ,
36 , 38 as
37 such 38 as
38 as 40 precautions
38 as 41 ,
39 anesthetic 40 precautions
42 and 43 propose
43 propose 45 targets
44 future 45 targets

gene expression changes in the brain affect cognition during normal and pathological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 gene 3 changes
2 expression 3 changes
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 7 affect
4 in 6 brain
5 the 6 brain
7 affect 8 cognition
7 affect 9 during
9 during 11 and
10 normal 11 and
11 and 12 pathological
11 and 13 aging

progress in understanding the cellular processes regulating gene expression networks in cognition is relevant to develop therapeutic interventions for age - related cognitive disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 progress
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 progress 2 in
1 progress 7 regulating
1 progress 13 is
2 in 3 understanding
3 understanding 6 processes
4 the 6 processes
5 cellular 6 processes
7 regulating 10 networks
7 regulating 11 in
8 gene 10 networks
9 expression 10 networks
11 in 12 cognition
13 is 14 relevant
14 relevant 15 to
15 to 16 develop
16 develop 18 interventions
16 develop 19 for
17 therapeutic 18 interventions
19 for 20 age
21 - 22 related
22 related 24 disorders
23 cognitive 24 disorders

synaptic efficacy mediating memory storage requires the activation of specific gene expression programs regulated , among others , by the transcription factor camp - response element binding protein ( creb ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 storage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 synaptic 5 storage
2 efficacy 3 mediating
3 mediating 5 storage
4 memory 5 storage
5 storage 6 requires
6 requires 8 activation
6 requires 22 factor
7 the 8 activation
8 activation 9 of
8 activation 13 programs
8 activation 14 regulated
9 of 12 expression
10 specific 11 gene
11 gene 12 expression
13 programs 14 regulated
14 regulated 16 among
14 regulated 19 by
15 , 16 among
16 among 17 others
16 among 18 ,
19 by 21 transcription
20 the 21 transcription
22 factor 28 protein
23 camp 24 -
23 camp 28 protein
25 response 27 binding
26 element 27 binding
27 binding 28 protein
28 protein 30 creb
29 ( 30 creb
30 creb 31 )

creb signaling is essential for long - lasting changes in synaptic plasticity that mediates the conversion of short - term memory to long - term memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 creb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 creb 2 signaling
1 creb 3 is
3 is 4 essential
4 essential 5 for
4 essential 10 in
5 for 9 changes
6 long 7 -
6 long 9 changes
8 lasting 9 changes
10 in 12 plasticity
11 synaptic 12 plasticity
12 plasticity 13 that
12 plasticity 14 mediates
13 that 14 mediates
14 mediates 16 conversion
14 mediates 22 to
15 the 16 conversion
16 conversion 17 of
17 of 21 memory
18 short 19 -
18 short 20 term
20 term 21 memory
22 to 26 memory
23 long 24 -
23 long 25 term
25 term 26 memory

creb signaling has been recently involved in several brain pathological conditions including cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 creb
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 involved
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 creb 2 signaling
1 creb 4 been
1 creb 6 involved
2 signaling 3 has
3 has 4 been
5 recently 6 involved
6 involved 7 in
6 involved 12 including
7 in 11 conditions
8 several 11 conditions
9 brain 11 conditions
10 pathological 11 conditions
12 including 16 disorders
13 cognitive 14 and
14 and 15 neurodegenerative
14 and 16 disorders

the β - amyloid ( aβ ) peptide , which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer 's disease , alters hippocampal - dependent synaptic plasticity and memory and mediates [synapse] loss through the creb signaling pathway . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 peptide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 8 peptide
2 β 3 -
2 β 8 peptide
4 amyloid 6 aβ
4 amyloid 8 peptide
5 ( 6 aβ
6 aβ 7 )
8 peptide 10 which
8 peptide 31 and
9 , 10 which
10 which 11 plays
10 which 22 ,
11 plays 14 role
11 plays 15 in
12 a 13 crucial
12 a 14 role
13 crucial 14 role
15 in 17 pathogenesis
16 the 17 pathogenesis
17 pathogenesis 18 of
18 of 21 disease
19 alzheimer 20 's
20 's 21 disease
23 alters 29 and
23 alters 31 and
24 hippocampal 25 -
24 hippocampal 28 plasticity
26 dependent 28 plasticity
27 synaptic 28 plasticity
28 plasticity 29 and
29 and 30 memory
31 and 32 mediates
32 mediates 34 loss
32 mediates 35 through
35 through 39 pathway
36 the 39 pathway
37 creb 39 pathway
38 signaling 39 pathway

the fact that altered creb signaling has been implicated in other cognitive disorders including huntington 's disease and rubinstein - taybi and coffin - lowry syndromes suggests a crucial role of creb signaling in cognitive dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fact
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 the 2 fact
2 fact 3 that
2 fact 27 suggests
3 that 5 creb
3 that 9 implicated
4 altered 5 creb
5 creb 6 signaling
5 creb 7 has
7 has 8 been
8 been 9 implicated
9 implicated 10 in
10 in 26 syndromes
11 other 26 syndromes
12 cognitive 13 disorders
13 disorders 14 including
13 disorders 18 and
14 including 17 disease
15 huntington 16 's
16 's 17 disease
18 and 19 rubinstein
18 and 23 coffin
18 and 26 syndromes
20 - 23 coffin
21 taybi 22 and
22 and 23 coffin
23 coffin 24 -
25 lowry 26 syndromes
27 suggests 30 role
27 suggests 34 in
28 a 29 crucial
28 a 30 role
29 crucial 30 role
30 role 31 of
31 of 32 creb
32 creb 33 signaling
34 in 36 dysfunction
35 cognitive 36 dysfunction

in this review paper , we summarize recent findings indicating a role of creb and its coactivators creb binding protein and creb - regulated transcription coactivator in cognition during normal and pathological aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 summarize
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 4 paper
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 this 4 paper
3 review 4 paper
6 we 7 summarize
7 summarize 9 findings
7 summarize 27 in
8 recent 9 findings
9 findings 10 indicating
10 indicating 12 role
11 a 12 role
12 role 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 creb 15 and
15 and 26 coactivator
16 its 26 coactivator
17 coactivators 18 creb
18 creb 19 binding
18 creb 21 and
19 binding 20 protein
21 and 22 creb
21 and 23 -
21 and 24 regulated
21 and 26 coactivator
25 transcription 26 coactivator
27 in 28 cognition
28 cognition 29 during
28 cognition 33 aging
29 during 31 and
30 normal 31 and
31 and 32 pathological

we also discuss the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on creb targeting to ameliorate cognitive decline [in] aging and cognitive disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 3 discuss
2 also 3 discuss
3 discuss 5 development
4 the 5 development
5 development 6 of
6 of 20 and
7 novel 9 strategies
8 therapeutic 9 strategies
9 strategies 10 based
9 strategies 20 and
10 based 11 on
10 based 19 aging
11 on 13 targeting
12 creb 13 targeting
13 targeting 14 to
13 targeting 15 ameliorate
14 to 15 ameliorate
16 cognitive 17 decline
17 decline 19 aging
20 and 22 disorders
21 cognitive 22 disorders

autophagy is a critical pathway for the degradation of intracellular components by lysosomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 autophagy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 autophagy 2 is
2 is 5 pathway
3 a 4 critical
3 a 5 pathway
4 critical 5 pathway
5 pathway 6 for
6 for 8 degradation
7 the 8 degradation
8 degradation 9 of
9 of 11 components
10 intracellular 11 components
11 components 12 by
12 by 13 lysosomes

established functions for both macroautophagy and chaperone - mediated autophagy in hepatic lipid metabolism , insulin sensitivity and cellular injury suggest a number of potential mechanistic roles for autophagy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( nash ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 established 2 functions
1 established 5 macroautophagy
1 established 6 and
2 functions 3 for
2 functions 5 macroautophagy
3 for 4 both
6 and 7 chaperone
8 - 18 and
8 - 21 suggest
8 - 36 .
9 mediated 10 autophagy
10 autophagy 11 in
10 autophagy 15 ,
11 in 14 metabolism
12 hepatic 13 lipid
13 lipid 14 metabolism
15 , 17 sensitivity
15 , 18 and
16 insulin 17 sensitivity
18 and 20 injury
18 and 21 suggest
19 cellular 20 injury
21 suggest 27 roles
21 suggest 30 in
22 a 23 number
23 number 24 of
23 number 27 roles
24 of 27 roles
25 potential 27 roles
26 mechanistic 27 roles
27 roles 28 for
28 for 29 autophagy
30 in 32 steatohepatitis
31 nonalcoholic 32 steatohepatitis
32 steatohepatitis 34 nash
33 ( 34 nash
34 nash 35 )

decreased autophagic function [in] particular [may] [promote] the initial development of hepatic steatosis and progression of steatosis to liver injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 injury
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 decreased 3 function
2 autophagic 3 function
3 function 5 particular
5 particular 20 injury
8 the 10 development
9 initial 10 development
10 development 11 of
10 development 14 and
11 of 13 steatosis
12 hepatic 13 steatosis
14 and 15 progression
14 and 16 of
14 and 20 injury
16 of 17 steatosis
17 steatosis 18 to
18 to 19 liver

additional functions of autophagy in immune responses and carcinogenesis may also contribute to the development of nash and its complications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 functions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 contribute
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 additional 2 functions
2 functions 3 of
2 functions 10 may
3 of 4 autophagy
4 autophagy 5 in
5 in 8 and
6 immune 7 responses
7 responses 8 and
8 and 9 carcinogenesis
10 may 12 contribute
11 also 12 contribute
12 contribute 13 to
13 to 15 development
14 the 15 development
15 development 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 nash 18 and
18 and 20 complications
19 its 20 complications

the impairment in autophagy that occurs with cellular lipid accumulation , obesity and aging may therefore have an important impact on this disease , and agents to augment hepatic autophagy have therapeutic potential in nash . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 impairment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 the 2 impairment
2 impairment 3 in
2 impairment 5 that
2 impairment 6 occurs
2 impairment 15 may
3 in 4 autophagy
5 that 6 occurs
6 occurs 7 with
7 with 13 and
8 cellular 9 lipid
9 lipid 10 accumulation
10 accumulation 11 ,
11 , 12 obesity
11 , 13 and
13 and 14 aging
15 may 17 have
16 therefore 17 have
17 have 20 impact
17 have 21 on
17 have 27 to
17 have 31 have
18 an 19 important
18 an 20 impact
19 important 20 impact
21 on 25 and
22 this 23 disease
23 disease 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 agents
27 to 28 augment
28 augment 30 autophagy
29 hepatic 30 autophagy
31 have 33 potential
31 have 34 in
32 therapeutic 33 potential
34 in 35 nash

cutaneous melanoma ( cm ) is a highly curable skin cancer of melanocytes if diagnosed early . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 melanoma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 cutaneous 2 melanoma
2 melanoma 4 cm
2 melanoma 6 is
3 ( 4 cm
4 cm 5 )
6 is 11 cancer
6 is 14 if
7 a 8 highly
7 a 11 cancer
8 highly 9 curable
9 curable 10 skin
10 skin 11 cancer
11 cancer 12 of
12 of 13 melanocytes
14 if 15 diagnosed
15 diagnosed 16 early

unfortunately , its invasion into the deeper dermis increases the risk of it spreading to the lymph nodes and distant organs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 invasion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 increases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 unfortunately 2 ,
1 unfortunately 4 invasion
3 its 4 invasion
4 invasion 5 into
4 invasion 9 increases
5 into 8 dermis
6 the 8 dermis
7 deeper 8 dermis
9 increases 11 risk
10 the 11 risk
11 risk 12 of
11 risk 14 spreading
12 of 13 it
14 spreading 15 to
15 to 19 and
16 the 18 nodes
17 lymph 18 nodes
18 nodes 19 and
19 and 21 organs
20 distant 21 organs

spread of metastatic melanoma [(] [mm] [ )(to other organs is among one of the most dangerous conditions that is almost uniformly fatal for the majority of patients with the currently available treatment modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 spread
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 spread 2 of
1 spread 8 )(to
1 spread 11 is
2 of 4 melanoma
3 metastatic 4 melanoma
8 )(to 10 organs
9 other 10 organs
11 is 12 among
11 is 24 for
12 among 13 one
13 one 14 of
13 one 19 that
13 one 20 is
14 of 18 conditions
15 the 16 most
16 most 18 conditions
17 dangerous 18 conditions
19 that 20 is
20 is 21 almost
20 is 22 uniformly
20 is 23 fatal
24 for 26 majority
25 the 26 majority
26 majority 27 of
26 majority 29 with
27 of 28 patients
29 with 34 modalities
30 the 34 modalities
31 currently 32 available
32 available 33 treatment
33 treatment 34 modalities

since melanoma is an immunogenic tumor , developing novel immune strategies will continue to play a critical role in designing effective treatment modalities for those at high risk of recurrence and those with distant metastasis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 continue
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 since 2 melanoma
1 since 3 is
1 since 7 ,
1 since 11 strategies
2 melanoma 3 is
3 is 6 tumor
4 an 6 tumor
5 immunogenic 6 tumor
8 developing 11 strategies
9 novel 11 strategies
10 immune 11 strategies
11 strategies 12 will
12 will 13 continue
13 continue 14 to
13 continue 15 play
14 to 15 play
15 play 18 role
15 play 24 for
16 a 18 role
17 critical 18 role
18 role 19 in
19 in 20 designing
20 designing 23 modalities
21 effective 23 modalities
22 treatment 23 modalities
24 for 31 and
25 those 26 at
25 those 31 and
26 at 28 risk
27 high 28 risk
28 risk 29 of
29 of 30 recurrence
31 and 32 those
32 those 33 with
33 with 35 metastasis
34 distant 35 metastasis

while older age is believed to be a poor prognostic marker for cm , rapid expansion of the aging population and its projected increase in the coming decades is expected to result in a large number of elderly melanoma patients seeking treatment in all stages of disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 believed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 while 2 older
1 while 3 age
3 age 4 is
4 is 5 believed
5 believed 6 to
5 believed 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 11 marker
8 a 11 marker
9 poor 11 marker
10 prognostic 11 marker
11 marker 12 for
12 for 13 cm
14 , 16 expansion
14 , 30 expected
15 rapid 16 expansion
16 expansion 17 of
16 expansion 25 in
16 expansion 29 is
17 of 21 and
18 the 20 population
19 aging 20 population
20 population 21 and
21 and 24 increase
22 its 24 increase
23 projected 24 increase
25 in 28 decades
26 the 28 decades
27 coming 28 decades
29 is 30 expected
30 expected 31 to
31 to 32 result
32 result 33 in
32 result 43 in
33 in 36 number
34 a 36 number
35 large 36 number
36 number 37 of
37 of 40 patients
38 elderly 40 patients
39 melanoma 40 patients
40 patients 41 seeking
41 seeking 42 treatment
43 in 45 stages
44 all 45 stages
45 stages 46 of
46 of 47 disease

this will not only bring with it unique management challenges in this population , but also an increased burden on communities to provide financial and social resources . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 bring
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 will
2 will 3 not
2 will 5 bring
4 only 5 bring
5 bring 6 with
5 bring 20 on
5 bring 22 to
6 with 7 it
6 with 15 but
8 unique 9 management
9 management 10 challenges
10 challenges 11 in
10 challenges 15 but
11 in 13 population
12 this 13 population
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 also
15 but 19 burden
17 an 19 burden
18 increased 19 burden
20 on 21 communities
22 to 23 provide
23 provide 27 resources
24 financial 25 and
25 and 26 social
25 and 27 resources

comprehensive efforts will need to be directed towards early diagnosis , as well as developing safe and effective treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 efforts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 need
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 comprehensive 2 efforts
2 efforts 3 will
3 will 4 need
4 need 5 to
4 need 14 as
5 to 6 be
6 be 7 directed
7 directed 8 towards
7 directed 11 ,
7 directed 13 well
8 towards 10 diagnosis
9 early 10 diagnosis
12 as 13 well
14 as 19 treatment
15 developing 19 treatment
16 safe 17 and
17 and 18 effective
17 and 19 treatment

renewed interest in the cancer immune surveillance theory coupled with recognition of aging [-] associated weaknesses in the immune system has put the spotlight on immunsenescence as a important risk factor for the rising incidence of cm in the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 interest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 put
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 renewed 2 interest
2 interest 3 in
2 interest 10 with
2 interest 12 of
2 interest 21 has
3 in 8 theory
4 the 8 theory
5 cancer 8 theory
6 immune 7 surveillance
7 surveillance 8 theory
8 theory 9 coupled
10 with 11 recognition
12 of 13 aging
13 aging 16 weaknesses
13 aging 17 in
15 associated 16 weaknesses
17 in 20 system
18 the 20 system
19 immune 20 system
21 has 22 put
22 put 24 spotlight
22 put 25 on
23 the 24 spotlight
25 on 26 immunsenescence
26 immunsenescence 27 as
26 immunsenescence 36 of
27 as 31 factor
28 a 31 factor
29 important 31 factor
30 risk 31 factor
31 factor 32 for
32 for 35 incidence
33 the 35 incidence
34 rising 35 incidence
36 of 37 cm
37 cm 38 in
38 in 41 population
39 the 41 population
40 aging 41 population

comprehensive assessment of the aging immune system might shed light , [not] only on weaknesses of individual components of the adaptive immune system , but also on the critical imbalances resulting from these weaknesses on anti - melanoma immunity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 shed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 comprehensive 2 assessment
2 assessment 3 of
2 assessment 8 might
3 of 7 system
4 the 7 system
5 aging 7 system
6 immune 7 system
8 might 9 shed
9 shed 10 light
9 shed 25 but
9 shed 27 on
9 shed 35 on
10 light 14 on
11 , 13 only
11 , 14 on
14 on 15 weaknesses
14 on 24 ,
15 weaknesses 16 of
16 of 18 components
17 individual 18 components
18 components 19 of
19 of 23 system
20 the 23 system
21 adaptive 23 system
22 immune 23 system
25 but 26 also
27 on 30 imbalances
28 the 30 imbalances
29 critical 30 imbalances
30 imbalances 31 resulting
30 imbalances 32 from
32 from 34 weaknesses
33 these 34 weaknesses
35 on 39 immunity
36 anti 37 -
36 anti 39 immunity
38 melanoma 39 immunity

identifying these imbalances might help harness novel immune - based treatment of [mm] in selected elderly patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 identifying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 help
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 identifying 3 imbalances
1 identifying 4 might
2 these 3 imbalances
4 might 5 help
5 help 6 harness
6 harness 11 treatment
7 novel 11 treatment
8 immune 9 -
8 immune 11 treatment
10 based 11 treatment
11 treatment 12 of
12 of 14 in
14 in 17 patients
15 selected 17 patients
16 elderly 17 patients

this article describes our experience of treating elderly patients with [mm] [and] the issues unique to them , with particular emphasis on insights into the aging immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 describes
3 describes 5 experience
3 describes 10 with
4 our 5 experience
5 experience 6 of
6 of 7 treating
7 treating 9 patients
8 elderly 9 patients
10 with 14 issues
13 the 14 issues
14 issues 15 unique
15 unique 16 to
15 unique 19 with
16 to 17 them
18 , 19 with
19 with 21 emphasis
19 with 29 .
20 particular 21 emphasis
21 emphasis 22 on
21 emphasis 24 into
22 on 23 insights
24 into 28 system
25 the 28 system
26 aging 28 system
27 immune 28 system

the american occupational therapy association 's centennial vision articulates the strategic goals for the profession to be science driven and evidence based in major practice areas . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 american
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 2 american
2 american 8 vision
2 american 16 to
2 american 17 be
3 occupational 4 therapy
4 therapy 5 association
5 association 6 's
6 's 8 vision
7 centennial 8 vision
8 vision 9 articulates
9 articulates 12 goals
9 articulates 16 to
10 the 12 goals
11 strategic 12 goals
12 goals 13 for
13 for 15 profession
14 the 15 profession
17 be 20 and
17 be 23 in
18 science 19 driven
18 science 20 and
20 and 21 evidence
20 and 22 based
23 in 26 areas
24 major 26 areas
25 practice 26 areas

in the practice area of productive aging , a previous review of research published in the american journal of occupational therapy ( ajot ) found mostly basic research with far fewer effectiveness studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 area
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 3 practice
1 in 4 area
2 the 3 practice
4 area 5 of
4 area 11 review
4 area 25 found
5 of 7 aging
6 productive 7 aging
8 , 11 review
9 a 11 review
10 previous 11 review
11 review 12 of
11 review 24 )
12 of 13 research
13 research 14 published
14 published 15 in
15 in 18 journal
16 the 17 american
17 american 18 journal
18 journal 19 of
19 of 23 ajot
20 occupational 21 therapy
21 therapy 23 ajot
22 ( 23 ajot
25 found 28 research
26 mostly 27 basic
27 basic 28 research
28 research 29 with
29 with 33 studies
30 far 31 fewer
31 fewer 33 studies
32 effectiveness 33 studies

the current review article is divided into two parts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 the 4 article
2 current 3 review
3 review 4 article
4 article 5 is
5 is 6 divided
6 divided 7 into
7 into 9 parts
8 two 9 parts

part 1 provides an update on the types of research published on productive aging in ajot in the past 2 yr ( 2009 - 2010 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 published
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 part 2 1
1 part 3 provides
1 part 11 published
2 1 3 provides
3 provides 5 update
3 provides 6 on
4 an 5 update
6 on 10 research
7 the 8 types
8 types 9 of
8 types 10 research
9 of 10 research
11 published 12 on
11 published 21 yr
11 published 24 -
12 on 14 aging
13 productive 14 aging
14 aging 15 in
15 in 16 ajot
16 ajot 17 in
17 in 19 past
18 the 19 past
20 2 21 yr
22 ( 24 -
23 2009 24 -
24 - 25 2010
24 - 26 )

part 2 examines the range and scope of occupational therapy effectiveness research on productive aging published in a similar time frame in other occupational therapy journals and outside of the discipline . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 part
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 part 2 2
1 part 3 examines
3 examines 6 and
4 the 5 range
5 range 6 and
6 and 7 scope
6 and 8 of
6 and 13 on
8 of 12 research
9 occupational 10 therapy
10 therapy 12 research
11 effectiveness 12 research
13 on 27 and
14 productive 15 aging
14 productive 16 published
14 productive 17 in
14 productive 22 in
14 productive 27 and
17 in 21 frame
18 a 21 frame
19 similar 21 frame
20 time 21 frame
22 in 26 journals
23 other 26 journals
24 occupational 25 therapy
25 therapy 26 journals
27 and 28 outside
27 and 29 of
29 of 31 discipline
30 the 31 discipline

the paper describes the participation of parasites in the regulation of the physiology of development and reproduction of their hosts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 describes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 paper
2 paper 3 describes
3 describes 5 participation
3 describes 8 in
4 the 5 participation
5 participation 6 of
6 of 7 parasites
8 in 10 regulation
9 the 10 regulation
10 regulation 11 of
10 regulation 14 of
11 of 13 physiology
12 the 13 physiology
14 of 16 and
15 development 16 and
16 and 17 reproduction
16 and 18 of
18 of 20 hosts
19 their 20 hosts

the observed increase in the hosts ' lifespan is shown to confer a significant selective advantage for a pathogen in some parasitic systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 increase
2 observed 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 9 is
4 in 8 lifespan
5 the 6 hosts
6 hosts 7 '
7 ' 8 lifespan
9 is 10 shown
10 shown 11 to
11 to 12 confer
12 confer 16 advantage
12 confer 20 in
13 a 14 significant
13 a 16 advantage
14 significant 16 advantage
15 selective 16 advantage
16 advantage 17 for
17 for 19 pathogen
18 a 19 pathogen
20 in 23 systems
21 some 23 systems
22 parasitic 23 systems

the parasite [-] induced increase in the longevity of a host is accompanied ( provided ) by its reduced reproduction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 5 increase
2 parasite 4 induced
4 induced 5 increase
5 increase 6 in
5 increase 12 is
6 in 8 longevity
7 the 8 longevity
8 longevity 9 of
9 of 11 host
10 a 11 host
12 is 13 accompanied
13 accompanied 15 provided
13 accompanied 17 by
14 ( 15 provided
15 provided 16 )
17 by 20 reproduction
18 its 20 reproduction
19 reduced 20 reproduction

the pointed parasite [-] induced increase in the life of an infected host may be caused by parasite genes in the context of the dawkin 's expended phenotype theory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 caused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 6 increase
2 pointed 3 parasite
3 parasite 5 induced
5 induced 6 increase
6 increase 7 in
6 increase 10 of
6 increase 14 may
7 in 9 life
8 the 9 life
10 of 13 host
11 an 13 host
12 infected 13 host
14 may 15 be
15 be 16 caused
16 caused 17 by
16 caused 20 in
17 by 19 genes
18 parasite 19 genes
20 in 22 context
21 the 22 context
22 context 23 of
23 of 29 theory
24 the 25 dawkin
25 dawkin 26 's
26 's 29 theory
27 expended 28 phenotype
28 phenotype 29 theory

the natural product ginger ( zingiber officinale ) has active constituents gingerol , shogaol and zerumbone , while turmeric ( curcuma longa ) contains three active major curcuminoids , namely , curcumin , demethoxycurcumin , and bisdemethoxycurcumin . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 ginger
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 has
1 the 4 ginger
2 natural 3 product
3 product 4 ginger
4 ginger 7 officinale
4 ginger 9 has
5 ( 7 officinale
6 zingiber 7 officinale
7 officinale 8 )
9 has 15 and
9 has 18 while
10 active 11 constituents
11 constituents 12 gingerol
12 gingerol 13 ,
13 , 14 shogaol
13 , 15 and
15 and 16 zerumbone
17 , 18 while
18 while 19 turmeric
18 while 24 contains
18 while 38 .
19 turmeric 22 longa
19 turmeric 24 contains
20 ( 22 longa
21 curcuma 22 longa
22 longa 23 )
24 contains 28 curcuminoids
25 three 28 curcuminoids
26 active 28 curcuminoids
27 major 28 curcuminoids
28 curcuminoids 30 namely
28 curcuminoids 36 and
29 , 30 namely
30 namely 31 ,
30 namely 32 curcumin
30 namely 33 ,
33 , 36 and
34 demethoxycurcumin 36 and
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 bisdemethoxycurcumin
36 and 38 .

they have the same scientific classification and [are] reported to have anti - inflammatory and [many] therapeutic effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 they 7 and
2 have 6 classification
2 have 7 and
3 the 4 same
4 same 6 classification
5 scientific 6 classification
7 and 9 reported
7 and 10 to
10 to 11 have
11 have 18 effects
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 18 effects
14 inflammatory 15 and
15 and 17 therapeutic
15 and 18 effects

this article reviews the physiological and therapeutic effects of ginger and turmeric on some endocrine gland functions , and signal pathways involved to mediate their actions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 mediate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 11 and
3 reviews 13 on
3 reviews 23 to
4 the 11 and
5 physiological 6 and
6 and 7 therapeutic
6 and 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
8 effects 11 and
9 of 10 ginger
11 and 12 turmeric
13 on 19 and
14 some 17 functions
15 endocrine 16 gland
16 gland 17 functions
17 functions 19 and
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 pathways
19 and 22 involved
20 signal 21 pathways
23 to 24 mediate
24 mediate 26 actions
25 their 26 actions

these multiple mechanisms of protection against inflammation and oxidative damage make ginger and curcumin particularly promising natural agents in fighting [the] ravages of aging and degenerative diseases , and need to be paid more attention by studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 these 3 mechanisms
2 multiple 3 mechanisms
3 mechanisms 4 of
3 mechanisms 6 against
3 mechanisms 29 and
4 of 5 protection
6 against 8 and
7 inflammation 8 and
8 and 10 damage
9 oxidative 10 damage
11 make 25 and
11 make 27 diseases
11 make 29 and
12 ginger 13 and
13 and 14 curcumin
13 and 16 promising
13 and 22 ravages
13 and 23 of
13 and 25 and
15 particularly 16 promising
16 promising 18 agents
16 promising 19 in
16 promising 22 ravages
17 natural 18 agents
19 in 20 fighting
23 of 24 aging
25 and 26 degenerative
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 need
30 need 31 to
30 need 33 paid
31 to 32 be
32 be 33 paid
33 paid 35 attention
34 more 35 attention
35 attention 36 by
36 by 37 studies

background : studies have shown that oxidative stress increases with increasing human age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 : 3 studies
2 : 5 shown
3 studies 4 have
4 have 5 shown
5 shown 8 stress
5 shown 9 increases
6 that 7 oxidative
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 9 increases
9 increases 10 with
10 with 11 increasing
11 increasing 13 age
12 human 13 age

protein carbonyl accumulation is an indicator of oxidative damage to proteins during aging in cells and tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accumulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 protein 3 accumulation
2 carbonyl 3 accumulation
3 accumulation 4 is
4 is 6 indicator
4 is 10 to
4 is 12 during
4 is 14 in
5 an 6 indicator
6 indicator 7 of
7 of 9 damage
8 oxidative 9 damage
10 to 11 proteins
12 during 13 aging
14 in 16 and
15 cells 16 and
16 and 17 tissues

the present study is focused on the relationship between human age and protein oxidation in erythrocyte membranes in a healthy indian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 is
4 is 5 focused
5 focused 6 on
5 focused 9 between
5 focused 18 in
6 on 8 relationship
7 the 8 relationship
9 between 12 and
10 human 11 age
11 age 12 and
12 and 14 oxidation
12 and 15 in
13 protein 14 oxidation
15 in 17 membranes
16 erythrocyte 17 membranes
18 in 22 population
19 a 20 healthy
19 a 22 population
20 healthy 21 indian
21 indian 22 population

materials and methods : the sample included healthy human subjects ( n = 49 ) between the ages of 17 to 80 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 materials 2 and
2 and 3 methods
4 : 6 sample
4 : 7 included
4 : 24 .
5 the 6 sample
6 sample 7 included
7 included 10 subjects
7 included 16 between
8 healthy 10 subjects
9 human 10 subjects
10 subjects 13 =
11 ( 13 =
12 n 13 =
13 = 14 49
13 = 15 )
16 between 18 ages
17 the 18 ages
18 ages 19 of
19 of 23 years
20 17 21 to
21 to 22 80
21 to 23 years

their blood was collected and assayed spectrophotometrically for oxidative protein damage in terms of protein carbonyls and plasma antioxidant capacity in terms of frap . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 blood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 their 2 blood
2 blood 5 and
3 was 4 collected
3 was 5 and
5 and 6 assayed
5 and 7 spectrophotometrically
5 and 8 for
5 and 12 in
5 and 20 capacity
8 for 11 damage
9 oxidative 10 protein
10 protein 11 damage
12 in 17 and
13 terms 14 of
13 terms 17 and
14 of 16 carbonyls
15 protein 16 carbonyls
17 and 18 plasma
19 antioxidant 20 capacity
20 capacity 21 in
20 capacity 23 of
21 in 22 terms
23 of 24 frap

results : protein carbonyl content was found to increase in an age [-] related pattern indicating an increase in oxidative protein damage in older subjects ( p < 0.0001 , r = 0.8269 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 carbonyl
3 protein 4 carbonyl
4 carbonyl 5 content
4 carbonyl 16 indicating
5 content 6 was
6 was 7 found
7 found 8 to
7 found 10 in
8 to 9 increase
10 in 15 pattern
11 an 12 age
11 an 15 pattern
12 age 14 related
14 related 15 pattern
15 pattern 16 indicating
16 indicating 18 increase
16 indicating 23 in
17 an 18 increase
18 increase 19 in
19 in 22 damage
20 oxidative 21 protein
21 protein 22 damage
23 in 25 subjects
24 older 25 subjects
25 subjects 28 <
25 subjects 32 =
26 ( 28 <
27 p 28 <
28 < 29 0.0001
30 , 32 =
31 r 32 =
32 = 33 0.8269
32 = 34 )

there was also a significant negative correlation between protein oxidation and plasma antioxidant capacity measured in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant potential ( frap ) values ( p<0.0001 [;] r = - 0.8695 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 7 correlation
2 was 8 between
4 a 7 correlation
5 significant 7 correlation
6 negative 7 correlation
8 between 10 oxidation
9 protein 10 oxidation
11 and 14 capacity
11 and 15 measured
12 plasma 14 capacity
13 antioxidant 14 capacity
14 capacity 15 measured
15 measured 16 in
15 measured 21 antioxidant
15 measured 32 -
16 in 17 terms
17 terms 18 of
18 of 20 reducing
19 ferric 20 reducing
21 antioxidant 22 potential
21 antioxidant 26 values
22 potential 24 frap
22 potential 26 values
23 ( 24 frap
24 frap 25 )
27 ( 32 -
28 p<0.0001 31 =
30 r 31 =
31 = 32 -
32 - 33 0.8695
32 - 34 )

conclusion : our results substantiate the occurrence of oxidative stress during human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 substantiate
2 : 14 .
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 substantiate
5 substantiate 7 occurrence
5 substantiate 11 during
6 the 7 occurrence
7 occurrence 8 of
8 of 10 stress
9 oxidative 10 stress
11 during 13 aging
12 human 13 aging

elevated erythrocyte membrane carbonyl levels found with increasing age in this study may be viewed as a biomarker for aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 elevated 3 membrane
2 erythrocyte 3 membrane
3 membrane 5 levels
4 carbonyl 5 levels
5 levels 6 found
5 levels 10 in
5 levels 13 may
6 found 7 with
7 with 8 increasing
8 increasing 9 age
10 in 12 study
11 this 12 study
13 may 14 be
14 be 15 viewed
15 viewed 16 as
15 viewed 19 for
16 as 18 biomarker
17 a 18 biomarker
19 for 20 aging

none none background/aims : evidence suggests that patients with dementia with lewy bodies ( dlb ) may have more nocturnal sleep disturbance than patients with alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 none 3 background/aims
1 none 5 evidence
1 none 6 suggests
2 none 3 background/aims
3 background/aims 4 :
4 : 5 evidence
6 suggests 7 that
7 that 8 patients
7 that 18 have
8 patients 9 with
8 patients 11 with
8 patients 17 may
9 with 10 dementia
11 with 13 bodies
12 lewy 13 bodies
13 bodies 15 dlb
14 ( 15 dlb
15 dlb 16 )
17 may 18 have
18 have 22 disturbance
18 have 23 than
18 have 25 with
19 more 20 nocturnal
20 nocturnal 21 sleep
21 sleep 22 disturbance
23 than 24 patients
25 with 28 disease
26 alzheimer 27 's
27 's 28 disease
28 disease 30 ad
29 ( 30 ad
30 ad 31 )

we sought to confirm such observations using a large , prospectively collected , standardized [,] multicenter - derived database , i.e . the national alzheimer 's coordinating center uniform data set . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 confirm
3 to 4 confirm
4 confirm 6 observations
5 such 6 observations
6 observations 7 using
7 using 21 i.e
8 a 21 i.e
9 large 19 database
9 large 21 i.e
10 , 19 database
11 prospectively 12 collected
12 collected 13 ,
12 collected 19 database
14 standardized 19 database
16 multicenter 17 -
16 multicenter 19 database
18 derived 19 database
19 database 20 ,
22 . 31 set
23 the 25 alzheimer
24 national 25 alzheimer
25 alzheimer 26 's
26 's 31 set
27 coordinating 28 center
28 center 29 uniform
29 uniform 30 data
30 data 31 set

methods : nocturnal sleep disturbance ( nsd ) [data] , as characterized by the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire ( npi - q ) , were derived from 4,531 patients collected between september 2005 and november 2008 from 32 national institute on aging participating ad centers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
2 : 5 disturbance
2 : 10 ,
3 nocturnal 5 disturbance
4 sleep 5 disturbance
5 disturbance 7 nsd
6 ( 7 nsd
7 nsd 8 )
10 , 17 questionnaire
10 , 25 derived
11 as 12 characterized
11 as 17 questionnaire
13 by 15 neuropsychiatric
13 by 17 questionnaire
14 the 15 neuropsychiatric
16 inventory 17 questionnaire
17 questionnaire 19 npi
17 questionnaire 24 were
18 ( 19 npi
19 npi 21 q
19 npi 23 ,
20 - 21 q
21 q 22 )
24 were 25 derived
25 derived 26 from
25 derived 30 between
26 from 28 patients
27 4,531 28 patients
28 patients 29 collected
30 between 33 and
31 september 32 2005
31 september 33 and
33 and 34 november
33 and 36 from
33 and 39 institute
33 and 44 centers
34 november 35 2008
36 from 38 national
37 32 38 national
39 institute 40 on
39 institute 42 participating
39 institute 44 centers
40 on 41 aging
42 participating 43 ad

patient and informant characteristics were compared between those [with] and without nsd by dementia diagnosis ( dlb and probable ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 patient 2 and
2 and 4 characteristics
2 and 5 were
3 informant 4 characteristics
5 were 6 compared
6 compared 10 and
6 compared 13 by
7 between 8 those
7 between 10 and
10 and 11 without
11 without 12 nsd
13 by 15 diagnosis
14 dementia 15 diagnosis
15 diagnosis 18 and
16 ( 18 and
17 dlb 18 and
18 and 20 ad
18 and 21 )
19 probable 20 ad

finally , a logistic regression model was created to quantify the association between nsd status and diagnosis while adjusting for these patient/informant characteristics , as well [as] center . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 created
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 6 model
3 a 4 logistic
3 a 6 model
4 logistic 5 regression
5 regression 6 model
6 model 7 was
7 was 8 created
8 created 9 to
9 to 10 quantify
10 quantify 12 association
10 quantify 13 between
10 quantify 18 while
11 the 12 association
13 between 16 and
14 nsd 15 status
15 status 16 and
16 and 17 diagnosis
18 while 19 adjusting
19 adjusting 20 for
20 for 23 characteristics
21 these 23 characteristics
22 patient/informant 23 characteristics
24 , 28 center
25 as 26 well
26 well 28 center

results : nsd was more frequent in clinically diagnosed dlb relative to clinically diagnosed ad ( odds ratio [=] 2.93 , 95 % confidence interval = 2.22 - 3.86 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 nsd
2 : 4 was
2 : 31 .
3 nsd 4 was
4 was 6 frequent
5 more 6 frequent
6 frequent 7 in
7 in 10 dlb
8 clinically 9 diagnosed
9 diagnosed 10 dlb
10 dlb 11 relative
11 relative 12 to
12 to 15 ad
13 clinically 14 diagnosed
14 diagnosed 15 ad
15 ad 18 ratio
15 ad 25 interval
16 ( 18 ratio
17 odds 18 ratio
18 ratio 20 2.93
18 ratio 21 ,
21 , 25 interval
22 95 23 %
23 % 25 interval
24 confidence 25 interval
25 interval 28 -
25 interval 30 )
26 = 27 2.22
27 2.22 28 -
28 - 29 3.86

these results were independent from the gender of the patient or informant , whether the informant lived with the patient , and other patient characteristics , such as dementia severity , depressive symptoms , and npi - q - derived measures of hallucinations , delusions , agitation and apathy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 were
3 were 4 independent
4 independent 5 from
5 from 7 gender
6 the 7 gender
7 gender 8 of
8 of 11 or
9 the 10 patient
10 patient 11 or
11 or 12 informant
13 , 35 and
13 , 40 derived
14 whether 16 informant
14 whether 17 lived
14 whether 35 and
15 the 16 informant
16 informant 17 lived
17 lived 18 with
18 with 22 and
18 with 24 patient
19 the 20 patient
20 patient 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 other
25 characteristics 26 ,
26 , 30 severity
26 , 31 ,
27 such 30 severity
28 as 29 dementia
29 dementia 30 severity
31 , 33 symptoms
31 , 35 and
32 depressive 33 symptoms
34 , 35 and
35 and 36 npi
35 and 40 derived
36 npi 38 q
37 - 38 q
38 q 39 -
40 derived 48 and
41 measures 42 of
41 measures 44 ,
42 of 43 hallucinations
44 , 45 delusions
44 , 46 ,
46 , 47 agitation
46 , 48 and
48 and 49 apathy

in ad , but not dlb , patients , nsd was associated with more advanced disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 nsd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 in 2 ad
1 in 10 nsd
2 ad 4 but
3 , 4 but
4 but 5 not
4 but 6 dlb
4 but 9 ,
6 dlb 8 patients
7 , 8 patients
8 patients 9 ,
10 nsd 11 was
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
13 with 16 disease
14 more 15 advanced
15 advanced 16 disease

comorbidity of nsd with hallucinations , agitation and apathy was higher in dlb than in ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 comorbidity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 comorbidity 2 of
1 comorbidity 10 was
2 of 3 nsd
3 nsd 4 with
4 with 8 and
5 hallucinations 6 ,
6 , 7 agitation
6 , 8 and
8 and 9 apathy
10 was 11 higher
11 higher 12 in
11 higher 14 than
12 in 13 dlb
14 than 15 in
15 in 16 ad

there was also evidence that the percentage of dlb cases with nsd showed wide variation across centers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 3 also
2 was 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
4 evidence 13 showed
5 that 7 percentage
5 that 13 showed
6 the 7 percentage
7 percentage 8 of
7 percentage 13 showed
8 of 10 cases
9 dlb 10 cases
10 cases 11 with
11 with 12 nsd
13 showed 15 variation
14 wide 15 variation
15 variation 16 across
16 across 17 centers

conclusion : as defined by the npi - q , endorsement of the nocturnal behavior item by informants is more likely in patients with dlb when compared to ad , even after the adjustment of key patient/informant characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 11 endorsement
2 : 19 is
3 as 4 defined
3 as 11 endorsement
5 by 7 npi
5 by 11 endorsement
6 the 7 npi
7 npi 9 q
8 - 9 q
9 q 10 ,
11 endorsement 12 of
11 endorsement 19 is
12 of 16 item
13 the 16 item
14 nocturnal 16 item
15 behavior 16 item
16 item 17 by
17 by 18 informants
19 is 21 likely
20 more 21 likely
21 likely 22 in
21 likely 24 with
21 likely 26 when
22 in 23 patients
24 with 25 dlb
26 when 27 compared
27 compared 28 to
27 compared 30 ,
27 compared 31 even
28 to 29 ad
31 even 32 after
32 after 34 adjustment
33 the 34 adjustment
34 adjustment 35 of
35 of 38 characteristics
36 key 37 patient/informant
37 patient/informant 38 characteristics

background : recent clinical studies have suggested that serum surfactant protein ( sp ) [a] , sp [-] d and krebs von [den] lungen - 6 ( kl - 6 ) are potential biomarkers for interstitial lung diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 5 studies
2 : 7 suggested
2 : 16 ,
3 recent 5 studies
4 clinical 5 studies
5 studies 6 have
6 have 7 suggested
7 suggested 9 serum
7 suggested 10 surfactant
8 that 9 serum
10 surfactant 11 protein
11 protein 13 sp
12 ( 13 sp
13 sp 14 )
16 , 24 lungen
16 , 25 -
17 sp 19 d
17 sp 20 and
20 and 21 krebs
21 krebs 22 von
22 von 24 lungen
25 - 26 6
25 - 32 are
26 6 28 kl
26 6 32 are
27 ( 28 kl
28 kl 30 6
28 kl 31 )
29 - 30 6
30 6 31 )
32 are 34 biomarkers
33 potential 34 biomarkers
34 biomarkers 35 for
35 for 38 diseases
36 interstitial 38 diseases
37 lung 38 diseases

serum levels of sp [-] a and sp [-] d have also been found to be elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , but their significance has not been evaluated or compared in induced sputum samples obtained directly from the airways . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 serum 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 7 and
3 of 4 sp
4 sp 6 a
7 and 8 sp
7 and 27 but
8 sp 10 d
11 have 13 been
11 have 27 but
12 also 13 been
13 been 14 found
14 found 15 to
14 found 18 in
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 elevated
18 in 22 disease
19 chronic 22 disease
20 obstructive 22 disease
21 pulmonary 22 disease
22 disease 24 copd
23 ( 24 copd
24 copd 25 )
26 , 27 but
27 but 34 or
28 their 29 significance
29 significance 30 has
30 has 31 not
30 has 32 been
32 been 34 or
33 evaluated 34 or
34 or 35 compared
35 compared 36 in
35 compared 41 directly
35 compared 42 from
36 in 39 samples
37 induced 39 samples
38 sputum 39 samples
39 samples 40 obtained
42 from 44 airways
43 the 44 airways

objective : a sequential sputum analysis was conducted to assess the value of sp - a , sp [-] d and kl - 6 levels in copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
2 : 6 analysis
2 : 8 conducted
2 : 15 -
2 : 23 -
3 a 4 sequential
3 a 6 analysis
4 sequential 5 sputum
5 sputum 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 was
7 was 8 conducted
8 conducted 9 to
9 to 10 assess
10 assess 12 value
11 the 12 value
12 value 13 of
13 of 14 sp
15 - 16 a
15 - 17 ,
17 , 22 kl
18 sp 20 d
18 sp 21 and
21 and 22 kl
23 - 25 levels
24 6 25 levels
25 levels 26 in
26 in 27 copd

methods : the study material consisted of induced sputum samples from 61 subjects , 28 with copd and 33 [with] prolonged cough ( cough lasting >3 weeks and normal spirometry ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 material
2 : 6 consisted
2 : 32 .
3 the 5 material
4 study 5 material
5 material 6 consisted
6 consisted 7 of
7 of 10 samples
8 induced 9 sputum
9 sputum 10 samples
10 samples 11 from
11 from 13 subjects
12 61 13 subjects
13 subjects 15 28
14 , 15 28
15 28 16 with
15 28 28 and
15 28 31 )
16 with 18 and
17 copd 18 and
18 and 22 cough
19 33 21 prolonged
21 prolonged 22 cough
23 ( 28 and
24 cough 26 >3
25 lasting 26 >3
26 >3 27 weeks
27 weeks 28 and
28 and 30 spirometry
28 and 31 )
29 normal 30 spirometry

sputum was collected in 3 fractions ( 3 periods of 5 min [each] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 sputum
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 sputum 2 was
2 was 3 collected
3 collected 4 in
4 in 6 fractions
5 3 6 fractions
6 fractions 9 periods
7 ( 9 periods
8 3 9 periods
9 periods 10 of
9 periods 14 )
10 of 12 min
11 5 12 min

sputum levels of these proteins were measured , and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity , specificity and area under the curve ( auc ) for each fraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 sputum 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 9 and
3 of 5 proteins
4 these 5 proteins
6 were 7 measured
6 were 9 and
8 , 9 and
9 and 19 evaluate
10 receiver 11 operating
11 operating 14 analysis
12 characteristic 14 analysis
13 curve 14 analysis
14 analysis 15 was
15 was 16 carried
16 carried 17 out
16 carried 18 to
18 to 19 evaluate
19 evaluate 24 and
19 evaluate 26 under
19 evaluate 32 for
20 the 24 and
21 sensitivity 22 ,
22 , 23 specificity
22 , 24 and
24 and 25 area
26 under 28 curve
27 the 28 curve
28 curve 30 auc
29 ( 30 auc
30 auc 31 )
32 for 34 fraction
33 each 34 fraction

results : the levels of sp - a , sp - [d] and kl - 6 were higher in patients with copd than in those with prolonged cough in each of the fractions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 levels
3 the 4 levels
4 levels 5 of
5 of 6 sp
7 - 8 a
7 - 9 ,
9 , 13 and
9 , 28 cough
10 sp 13 and
11 - 13 and
13 and 14 kl
13 and 16 6
13 and 26 with
13 and 27 prolonged
13 and 28 cough
15 - 16 6
16 6 17 were
17 were 18 higher
18 higher 19 in
18 higher 21 with
18 higher 23 than
18 higher 24 in
18 higher 26 with
19 in 20 patients
21 with 22 copd
24 in 25 those
28 cough 29 in
28 cough 33 fractions
30 each 31 of
30 each 33 fractions
31 of 33 fractions
32 the 33 fractions

sputum levels of these proteins correlated inversely with obstruction and positively with ageing , smoking history , sputum macrophages and eosinophils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 sputum 2 levels
2 levels 3 of
2 levels 6 correlated
3 of 5 proteins
4 these 5 proteins
6 correlated 7 inversely
6 correlated 8 with
8 with 9 obstruction
10 and 18 sputum
10 and 20 and
11 positively 18 sputum
12 with 13 ageing
12 with 17 ,
12 with 18 sputum
13 ageing 15 smoking
14 , 15 smoking
15 smoking 16 history
15 smoking 17 ,
18 sputum 20 and
19 macrophages 20 and
20 and 21 eosinophils

sputum fractionation had a relatively minor effect on the levels and auc of these proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fractionation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 sputum 2 fractionation
2 fractionation 3 had
3 had 7 effect
3 had 8 on
4 a 5 relatively
4 a 7 effect
5 relatively 6 minor
6 minor 7 effect
8 on 11 and
9 the 10 levels
10 levels 11 and
11 and 12 auc
11 and 13 of
13 of 15 proteins
14 these 15 proteins

conclusion : sequential sputum analysis from 3 consecutive fractions indicated a significant difference in the levels of sp - a , sp - [d] and kl - 6 between copd and prolonged cough . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 analysis
2 : 10 indicated
2 : 19 -
2 : 34 .
3 sequential 4 sputum
4 sputum 5 analysis
5 analysis 6 from
5 analysis 10 indicated
6 from 9 fractions
7 3 9 fractions
8 consecutive 9 fractions
10 indicated 13 difference
11 a 13 difference
12 significant 13 difference
13 difference 14 in
13 difference 17 of
14 in 16 levels
15 the 16 levels
17 of 18 sp
19 - 20 a
19 - 21 ,
21 , 25 and
21 , 27 -
22 sp 25 and
23 - 25 and
25 and 26 kl
27 - 28 6
28 6 29 between
29 between 31 and
30 copd 31 and
31 and 33 cough
32 prolonged 33 cough

however , sputum fractionation itself had a relatively minor effect on the levels of these proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fractionation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 fractionation
3 sputum 4 fractionation
4 fractionation 6 had
5 itself 6 had
6 had 10 effect
6 had 11 on
7 a 8 relatively
7 a 10 effect
8 relatively 9 minor
9 minor 10 effect
11 on 13 levels
12 the 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 16 proteins
15 these 16 proteins

the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 serves as a center of erythrocyte membrane organization and constitutes the major substrate of erythrocyte tyrosine kinases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 domain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 3 domain
2 cytoplasmic 3 domain
3 domain 4 of
3 domain 15 and
4 of 5 band
5 band 6 3
7 serves 8 as
7 serves 15 and
8 as 10 center
9 a 10 center
10 center 11 of
11 of 14 organization
12 erythrocyte 14 organization
13 membrane 14 organization
15 and 16 constitutes
16 constitutes 19 substrate
17 the 19 substrate
18 major 19 substrate
19 substrate 20 of
20 of 23 kinases
21 erythrocyte 23 kinases
22 tyrosine 23 kinases

tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 is induced by several physiologic stimuli , including malaria parasite invasion , cell shrinkage , normal cell aging , and oxidant stress ( thalassemias , sickle cell disease , glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency , etc ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 phosphorylation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 induced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 tyrosine 2 phosphorylation
2 phosphorylation 3 of
2 phosphorylation 6 is
3 of 4 band
4 band 5 3
6 is 7 induced
7 induced 8 by
8 by 11 stimuli
9 several 11 stimuli
10 physiologic 11 stimuli
12 , 16 invasion
12 , 17 ,
13 including 15 parasite
14 malaria 15 parasite
15 parasite 16 invasion
17 , 25 and
17 , 31 sickle
17 , 36 -
18 cell 19 shrinkage
19 shrinkage 20 ,
20 , 23 aging
20 , 25 and
21 normal 22 cell
22 cell 23 aging
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 stress
25 and 29 thalassemias
25 and 31 sickle
26 oxidant 27 stress
28 ( 29 thalassemias
29 thalassemias 30 ,
31 sickle 33 disease
32 cell 33 disease
33 disease 35 glucose
34 , 35 glucose
35 glucose 36 -
36 - 37 6
36 - 38 -
36 - 45 .
38 - 41 deficiency
39 phosphate 40 dehydrogenase
40 dehydrogenase 41 deficiency
41 deficiency 43 etc
42 , 43 etc
43 etc 44 )

in an effort to characterize the biologic sequelae of band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation , we looked for changes in the polypeptide 's function that accompany its phosphorylation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 looked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 effort
1 in 14 ,
1 in 15 we
2 an 3 effort
3 effort 4 to
3 effort 5 characterize
4 to 5 characterize
5 characterize 8 sequelae
6 the 8 sequelae
7 biologic 8 sequelae
8 sequelae 9 of
9 of 13 phosphorylation
10 band 13 phosphorylation
11 3 13 phosphorylation
12 tyrosine 13 phosphorylation
15 we 16 looked
16 looked 17 for
17 for 18 changes
18 changes 19 in
18 changes 24 that
18 changes 25 accompany
19 in 23 function
20 the 21 polypeptide
21 polypeptide 22 's
22 's 23 function
24 that 25 accompany
25 accompany 27 phosphorylation
26 its 27 phosphorylation

because [release] of band 3 from its ankyrin and adducin linkages to the cytoskeleton can facilitate changes in multiple membrane properties , tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 is argued to enable adaptive changes in erythrocyte biology that permit the cell to respond to the [above] stresses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 linkages
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 facilitate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 argued
1 because 3 of
1 because 11 linkages
3 of 9 and
4 band 5 3
4 band 6 from
4 band 9 and
6 from 8 ankyrin
7 its 8 ankyrin
9 and 10 adducin
11 linkages 12 to
11 linkages 16 facilitate
12 to 15 can
13 the 15 can
14 cytoskeleton 15 can
16 facilitate 17 changes
16 facilitate 18 in
18 in 21 properties
19 multiple 21 properties
20 membrane 21 properties
22 , 29 argued
23 tyrosine 24 phosphorylation
23 tyrosine 28 is
23 tyrosine 29 argued
24 phosphorylation 25 of
24 phosphorylation 28 is
25 of 26 band
26 band 27 3
29 argued 30 to
29 argued 47 .
30 to 31 enable
31 enable 33 changes
31 enable 41 to
31 enable 42 respond
32 adaptive 33 changes
33 changes 34 in
33 changes 37 that
33 changes 38 permit
34 in 36 biology
35 erythrocyte 36 biology
37 that 38 permit
38 permit 40 cell
39 the 40 cell
41 to 42 respond
42 respond 43 to
43 to 46 stresses
44 the 46 stresses

chronological age is a well [-] established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 chronological 2 age
2 age 3 is
3 is 9 factor
4 a 9 factor
5 well 7 established
7 established 9 factor
8 risk 9 factor
9 factor 10 for
10 for 12 development
11 the 12 development
12 development 13 of
13 of 15 diseases
14 cardiovascular 15 diseases

the changes that accumulate in the vasculature with age , however , are highly variable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 changes
2 changes 3 that
2 changes 4 accumulate
2 changes 13 are
3 that 4 accumulate
4 accumulate 5 in
4 accumulate 8 with
5 in 7 vasculature
6 the 7 vasculature
8 with 9 age
10 , 11 however
11 however 12 ,
11 however 13 are
13 are 15 variable
14 highly 15 variable

it is now increasingly recognized that indices of vascular health are more reliable than age per se in predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 recognized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 now
2 is 5 recognized
4 increasingly 5 recognized
5 recognized 6 that
6 that 7 indices
6 that 11 are
7 indices 8 of
7 indices 11 are
8 of 10 health
9 vascular 10 health
11 are 13 reliable
12 more 13 reliable
13 reliable 14 than
13 reliable 17 se
13 reliable 18 in
14 than 15 age
16 per 17 se
18 in 19 predicting
19 predicting 22 outcomes
20 adverse 22 outcomes
21 cardiovascular 22 outcomes

the variation in the accrual of [these] age - related vascular changes is a function of multiple genetic and environmental factors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 variation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 variation
2 variation 3 in
2 variation 6 of
2 variation 13 is
3 in 5 accrual
4 the 5 accrual
6 of 8 age
9 - 10 related
10 related 12 changes
10 related 13 is
11 vascular 12 changes
13 is 15 function
14 a 15 function
15 function 16 of
16 of 21 factors
17 multiple 21 factors
18 genetic 19 and
19 and 20 environmental
19 and 21 factors

in this review , we highlight some of the pathophysiological mechanisms that characterize the vascular aging phenotype . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 highlight
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 highlight
6 highlight 11 mechanisms
7 some 8 of
7 some 11 mechanisms
8 of 11 mechanisms
9 the 11 mechanisms
10 pathophysiological 11 mechanisms
11 mechanisms 12 that
11 mechanisms 13 characterize
12 that 13 characterize
13 characterize 17 phenotype
14 the 17 phenotype
15 vascular 17 phenotype
16 aging 17 phenotype

furthermore , we provide an overview of the key outcome studies that address the value of these vascular health indices in general and discuss potential effects on perioperative cardiovascular outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 we
3 we 4 provide
4 provide 6 overview
5 an 6 overview
6 overview 7 of
7 of 11 studies
8 the 11 studies
9 key 11 studies
10 outcome 11 studies
11 studies 12 that
11 studies 23 and
12 that 23 and
13 address 15 value
13 address 22 general
13 address 23 and
14 the 15 value
15 value 16 of
16 of 20 indices
17 these 20 indices
18 vascular 19 health
19 health 20 indices
21 in 22 general
23 and 24 discuss
24 discuss 26 effects
24 discuss 27 on
25 potential 26 effects
27 on 30 outcomes
28 perioperative 30 outcomes
29 cardiovascular 30 outcomes

background : the aging - suppressor gene klotho encodes a single - pass transmembrane protein that in mice is known to extend life [span] when overexpressed and resemble accelerated aging when expression is disrupted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 aging
3 the 4 aging
5 - 8 klotho
5 - 9 encodes
5 - 35 .
6 suppressor 8 klotho
7 gene 8 klotho
8 klotho 9 encodes
9 encodes 15 protein
9 encodes 31 when
10 a 11 single
10 a 15 protein
11 single 12 -
11 single 13 pass
13 pass 15 protein
14 transmembrane 15 protein
15 protein 16 that
15 protein 27 and
15 protein 29 accelerated
16 that 17 in
16 that 19 is
17 in 18 mice
19 is 20 known
20 known 21 to
20 known 27 and
21 to 27 and
22 extend 23 life
22 extend 25 when
22 extend 27 and
25 when 26 overexpressed
27 and 28 resemble
29 accelerated 30 aging
31 when 32 expression
31 when 34 disrupted
32 expression 33 is
33 is 34 disrupted

it is not known whether there is a relationship between plasma levels of secreted klotho protein and longevity in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 not
2 is 4 known
4 known 5 whether
5 whether 6 there
5 whether 7 is
6 there 7 is
7 is 9 relationship
8 a 9 relationship
9 relationship 10 between
9 relationship 19 in
10 between 17 and
11 plasma 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
12 levels 17 and
13 of 16 protein
14 secreted 15 klotho
15 klotho 16 protein
17 and 18 longevity
19 in 20 humans

methods : we measured plasma klotho in 804 adults , [greater] than or equal to 65 years , in the inchianti study , a longitudinal population - based study of aging in tuscany , italy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 aging
2 : 3 we
2 : 13 or
3 we 13 or
4 measured 5 plasma
4 measured 13 or
5 plasma 6 klotho
6 klotho 7 in
7 in 9 adults
8 804 9 adults
10 , 12 than
10 , 13 or
13 or 14 equal
13 or 15 to
15 to 16 65
16 65 17 years
16 65 31 aging
17 years 19 in
17 years 28 based
18 , 19 in
19 in 22 study
19 in 27 -
20 the 22 study
21 inchianti 22 study
22 study 26 population
23 , 26 population
24 a 25 longitudinal
24 a 26 population
25 longitudinal 26 population
26 population 27 -
28 based 29 study
29 study 30 of
30 of 31 aging
31 aging 32 in
32 in 33 tuscany
33 tuscany 35 italy
34 , 35 italy
35 italy 36 .

results [:] during 6 years of [follow] - up , 194 ( 24.1 % ) of the participants died . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 died
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 results 3 during
1 results 16 of
1 results 19 died
3 during 5 years
4 6 5 years
5 years 6 of
5 years 11 194
6 of 9 up
8 - 9 up
10 , 11 194
11 194 14 %
11 194 15 )
12 ( 14 %
13 24.1 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 of 18 participants
17 the 18 participants

conclusions : in older community - dwelling adults , plasma klotho is an independent predictor of all - cause mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 community
2 : 6 -
2 : 21 .
3 in 5 community
4 older 5 community
6 - 8 adults
6 - 9 ,
7 dwelling 8 adults
9 , 11 klotho
9 , 12 is
9 , 18 -
10 plasma 11 klotho
11 klotho 12 is
12 is 15 predictor
13 an 14 independent
13 an 15 predictor
14 independent 15 predictor
15 predictor 16 of
16 of 17 all
18 - 19 cause
19 cause 20 mortality

further studies are needed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms by which circulating klotho could affect longevity in humans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 elucidate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 further 2 studies
2 studies 3 are
3 are 4 needed
4 needed 5 to
5 to 6 elucidate
6 elucidate 10 mechanisms
7 the 10 mechanisms
8 potential 10 mechanisms
9 biological 10 mechanisms
10 mechanisms 11 by
11 by 12 which
11 by 13 circulating
11 by 14 klotho
11 by 16 affect
12 which 13 circulating
14 klotho 15 could
15 could 16 affect
16 affect 17 longevity
16 affect 18 in
18 in 19 humans

the objective of this study was ( [a] [ )(to investigate the accordance [of] self - reported and objectively assessed olfactory functioning and [(] [b] [ )(to compare performance on cognitive tests of individuals unaware of their olfactory dysfunction with individuals aware of their olfactory status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 10 )(to
7 ( 10 )(to
10 )(to 11 investigate
10 )(to 16 -
11 investigate 15 self
12 the 15 self
13 accordance 15 self
16 - 18 and
16 - 47 .
17 reported 18 and
18 and 23 and
19 objectively 20 assessed
20 assessed 22 functioning
20 assessed 23 and
21 olfactory 22 functioning
23 and 27 )(to
23 and 28 compare
27 )(to 28 compare
28 compare 29 performance
29 performance 30 on
29 performance 33 of
29 performance 35 unaware
30 on 32 tests
31 cognitive 32 tests
33 of 34 individuals
35 unaware 36 of
35 unaware 40 with
36 of 39 dysfunction
37 their 39 dysfunction
38 olfactory 39 dysfunction
40 with 41 individuals
41 individuals 42 aware
42 aware 43 of
43 of 46 status
44 their 46 status
45 olfactory 46 status

two hundred forty participants , constituting two age groups , were evaluated with the scandinavian odor identification test , a question [of] self - evaluated olfactory function , tests of cognitive [function] , and a memory questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 evaluated
1 two 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 forty
3 forty 4 participants
4 participants 6 constituting
4 participants 11 were
5 , 6 constituting
6 constituting 9 groups
6 constituting 10 ,
7 two 9 groups
8 age 9 groups
11 were 12 evaluated
12 evaluated 13 with
13 with 27 function
14 the 27 function
15 scandinavian 16 odor
16 odor 17 identification
17 identification 25 evaluated
18 test 23 self
18 test 25 evaluated
19 , 23 self
20 a 23 self
21 question 23 self
23 self 24 -
25 evaluated 27 function
26 olfactory 27 function
27 function 29 tests
28 , 29 tests
29 tests 30 of
29 tests 38 .
30 of 34 and
31 cognitive 34 and
33 , 34 and
34 and 37 questionnaire
35 a 36 memory
35 a 37 questionnaire
36 memory 37 questionnaire

the proportion of individuals being unaware of an olfactory dysfunction was high in both middle aged ( 86 % ) [and] old ( 78 % ) participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 proportion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 proportion
2 proportion 3 of
2 proportion 5 being
2 proportion 11 was
3 of 4 individuals
5 being 6 unaware
6 unaware 7 of
7 of 10 dysfunction
8 an 9 olfactory
8 an 10 dysfunction
9 olfactory 10 dysfunction
11 was 12 high
12 high 13 in
13 in 27 participants
14 both 27 participants
15 middle 27 participants
16 aged 19 %
16 aged 27 participants
17 ( 19 %
18 86 19 %
19 % 20 )
22 old 25 %
22 old 27 participants
23 ( 25 %
24 78 25 %
25 % 26 )

performance on neuropsychological tests showed that persons unaware of their olfactory dysfunction performed poorer on tests of verbal learning and memory and attention/processing speed compared to individuals aware of [a] normal olfactory status as well as individuals aware of their olfactory dysfunction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 performance 2 on
1 performance 5 showed
2 on 4 tests
3 neuropsychological 4 tests
5 showed 6 that
5 showed 7 persons
5 showed 13 performed
7 persons 8 unaware
7 persons 13 performed
8 unaware 9 of
9 of 12 dysfunction
10 their 12 dysfunction
11 olfactory 12 dysfunction
13 performed 14 poorer
14 poorer 15 on
15 on 16 tests
16 tests 17 of
17 of 19 learning
18 verbal 19 learning
20 and 22 and
20 and 25 compared
21 memory 22 and
22 and 24 speed
22 and 25 compared
23 attention/processing 24 speed
25 compared 26 to
25 compared 35 well
25 compared 36 as
26 to 27 individuals
27 individuals 28 aware
28 aware 29 of
29 of 33 status
31 normal 33 status
32 olfactory 33 status
34 as 35 well
36 as 37 individuals
37 individuals 38 aware
38 aware 39 of
39 of 42 dysfunction
40 their 42 dysfunction
41 olfactory 42 dysfunction

the clinical relevance of unawareness of olfactory dysfunction , as suggested earlier [,] needs further investigation and stresses the need of an extensive multi - modal and longitudinal assessment of unawareness of sensory and cognitive function to learn more about the facets of the concept of unawareness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 relevance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 the 3 relevance
2 clinical 3 relevance
3 relevance 4 of
3 relevance 11 suggested
3 relevance 17 and
4 of 5 unawareness
5 unawareness 6 of
6 of 8 dysfunction
7 olfactory 8 dysfunction
9 , 11 suggested
10 as 11 suggested
12 earlier 14 needs
14 needs 16 investigation
14 needs 17 and
15 further 16 investigation
17 and 18 stresses
17 and 37 to
18 stresses 20 need
19 the 20 need
20 need 21 of
21 of 29 assessment
22 an 23 extensive
22 an 29 assessment
23 extensive 29 assessment
24 multi 25 -
24 multi 29 assessment
26 modal 27 and
27 and 28 longitudinal
27 and 29 assessment
29 assessment 30 of
29 assessment 32 of
30 of 31 unawareness
32 of 34 and
33 sensory 34 and
34 and 36 function
35 cognitive 36 function
37 to 38 learn
38 learn 39 more
38 learn 40 about
38 learn 43 of
40 about 42 facets
41 the 42 facets
43 of 45 concept
44 the 45 concept
45 concept 46 of
46 of 47 unawareness

in this paper , a new , fully automated [,] content - based system is proposed for knee bone segmentation from magnetic resonance images ( mri ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 14 system
2 this 3 paper
5 a 6 new
5 a 14 system
6 new 11 content
6 new 12 -
6 new 14 system
7 , 11 content
8 fully 9 automated
9 automated 11 content
11 content 12 -
13 based 14 system
14 system 15 is
15 is 16 proposed
16 proposed 17 for
16 proposed 21 from
17 for 20 segmentation
18 knee 20 segmentation
19 bone 20 segmentation
21 from 24 images
22 magnetic 24 images
23 resonance 24 images
24 images 26 mri
25 ( 26 mri
26 mri 27 )

the purpose of the bone segmentation is to support the discovery and characterization of imaging biomarkers for the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis , a debilitating joint disease , which affects a large portion of the aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 12 and
3 of 5 bone
4 the 5 bone
5 bone 6 segmentation
5 bone 9 support
6 segmentation 7 is
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 support
8 to 9 support
9 support 11 discovery
10 the 11 discovery
12 and 13 characterization
12 and 14 of
12 and 20 and
14 of 15 imaging
15 imaging 16 biomarkers
16 biomarkers 17 for
17 for 19 incidence
18 the 19 incidence
20 and 21 progression
20 and 30 which
20 and 31 affects
21 progression 22 of
22 of 23 osteoarthritis
23 osteoarthritis 28 disease
24 , 28 disease
25 a 28 disease
26 debilitating 28 disease
27 joint 28 disease
28 disease 29 ,
30 which 31 affects
31 affects 34 portion
32 a 33 large
32 a 34 portion
33 large 34 portion
34 portion 35 of
35 of 38 population
36 the 38 population
37 aging 38 population

the segmentation algorithm includes a novel content - based , two - pass [disjoint] block discovery mechanism , which is designed to support automation , segmentation initialization , and post - processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 includes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 algorithm
2 segmentation 3 algorithm
3 algorithm 4 includes
4 includes 7 content
5 a 7 content
6 novel 7 content
7 content 9 based
8 - 9 based
9 based 10 ,
10 , 11 two
10 , 12 -
12 - 17 mechanism
12 - 18 ,
13 pass 17 mechanism
15 block 17 mechanism
16 discovery 17 mechanism
18 , 19 which
18 , 21 designed
18 , 31 -
19 which 20 is
20 is 21 designed
21 designed 22 to
21 designed 23 support
22 to 23 support
23 support 29 and
24 automation 25 ,
25 , 27 initialization
25 , 29 and
26 segmentation 27 initialization
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 post
31 - 32 processing

the block discovery is achieved by classifying the image content to bone and background blocks according to their similarity to the categories in the training data collected from typical bone structures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 block
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 blocks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 block
2 block 3 discovery
2 block 7 classifying
2 block 15 blocks
3 discovery 4 is
4 is 5 achieved
5 achieved 6 by
6 by 7 classifying
7 classifying 13 and
8 the 9 image
9 image 10 content
9 image 13 and
10 content 11 to
10 content 12 bone
11 to 12 bone
13 and 14 background
15 blocks 17 to
15 blocks 20 to
15 blocks 23 in
15 blocks 26 data
16 according 17 to
17 to 19 similarity
18 their 19 similarity
20 to 22 categories
21 the 22 categories
23 in 25 training
24 the 25 training
26 data 27 collected
27 collected 28 from
28 from 31 structures
29 typical 30 bone
30 bone 31 structures

the classified blocks are then used to design an efficient graph - cut based segmentation algorithm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 blocks
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 the 3 blocks
2 classified 3 blocks
3 blocks 4 are
4 are 6 used
5 then 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 design
7 to 8 design
8 design 11 graph
9 an 10 efficient
9 an 11 graph
10 efficient 11 graph
12 - 16 algorithm
12 - 17 .
13 cut 14 based
14 based 15 segmentation
15 segmentation 16 algorithm

this algorithm requires constructing a graph using image pixel data followed by applying a maximum - flow algorithm which generates a minimum graph [-] cut that corresponds to an initial image segmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 algorithm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 algorithm
2 algorithm 3 requires
3 requires 4 constructing
3 requires 11 followed
4 constructing 6 graph
4 constructing 11 followed
5 a 6 graph
6 graph 7 using
7 using 10 data
8 image 9 pixel
9 pixel 10 data
11 followed 12 by
11 followed 28 to
12 by 13 applying
13 applying 18 algorithm
14 a 15 maximum
14 a 18 algorithm
15 maximum 16 -
15 maximum 18 algorithm
17 flow 18 algorithm
18 algorithm 19 which
18 algorithm 20 generates
19 which 20 generates
20 generates 23 graph
21 a 23 graph
22 minimum 23 graph
23 graph 25 cut
23 graph 26 that
23 graph 27 corresponds
26 that 27 corresponds
28 to 32 segmentation
29 an 32 segmentation
30 initial 31 image
31 image 32 segmentation

content - based refinements and morphological operations are then applied to obtain the final segmentation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 applied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 content 2 -
1 content 4 refinements
3 based 4 refinements
4 refinements 5 and
5 and 7 operations
5 and 8 are
6 morphological 7 operations
8 are 10 applied
9 then 10 applied
10 applied 11 to
11 to 12 obtain
12 obtain 15 segmentation
13 the 15 segmentation
14 final 15 segmentation

the proposed segmentation technique does not require any user interaction and can distinguish between bone [and] highly similar adjacent structures , such as fat tissues with high accuracy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 technique
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 distinguish
1 the 4 technique
2 proposed 3 segmentation
3 segmentation 4 technique
4 technique 5 does
5 does 6 not
5 does 7 require
7 require 11 and
7 require 13 distinguish
8 any 10 interaction
9 user 10 interaction
10 interaction 11 and
11 and 12 can
13 distinguish 14 between
14 between 20 structures
15 bone 20 structures
17 highly 18 similar
18 similar 20 structures
19 adjacent 20 structures
20 structures 23 as
21 , 23 as
22 such 23 as
23 as 25 tissues
23 as 29 .
24 fat 25 tissues
25 tissues 26 with
26 with 28 accuracy
27 high 28 accuracy

the performance of the proposed system is evaluated by testing it on 376 mr images from the osteoarthritis initiative ( oai ) database . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 performance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 performance
2 performance 3 of
2 performance 7 is
3 of 6 system
4 the 6 system
5 proposed 6 system
7 is 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 by
8 evaluated 12 on
9 by 10 testing
10 testing 11 it
12 on 15 images
13 376 15 images
14 mr 15 images
15 images 16 from
16 from 23 database
17 the 23 database
18 osteoarthritis 19 initiative
19 initiative 21 oai
20 ( 21 oai
21 oai 22 )
21 oai 23 database

this database included a selection of single images containing the femur and tibia from 200 subjects with varying levels of osteoarthritis severity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 database
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 database
2 database 3 included
3 included 5 selection
3 included 14 from
4 a 5 selection
5 selection 6 of
6 of 12 and
7 single 8 images
8 images 9 containing
8 images 12 and
9 containing 11 femur
10 the 11 femur
12 and 13 tibia
14 from 16 subjects
15 200 16 subjects
16 subjects 17 with
17 with 18 varying
18 varying 19 levels
19 levels 20 of
20 of 22 severity
21 osteoarthritis 22 severity

additionally , a full [three] - dimensional segmentation of the bones from ten subjects with 14 slices each , and synthetic images with background having [intensity] and spatial characteristics similar to those [of] bone are used to assess the robustness and consistency of the developed algorithm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 segmentation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 slices
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 additionally 2 ,
1 additionally 8 segmentation
3 a 4 full
3 a 8 segmentation
4 full 6 -
4 full 8 segmentation
7 dimensional 8 segmentation
8 segmentation 9 of
8 segmentation 17 slices
9 of 11 bones
10 the 11 bones
11 bones 12 from
11 bones 15 with
12 from 14 subjects
13 ten 14 subjects
15 with 16 14
17 slices 18 each
19 , 20 and
19 , 38 assess
20 and 22 images
20 and 36 used
21 synthetic 22 images
22 images 23 with
22 images 29 characteristics
22 images 34 bone
22 images 35 are
23 with 27 and
24 background 25 having
25 having 27 and
27 and 28 spatial
29 characteristics 30 similar
29 characteristics 34 bone
30 similar 31 to
31 to 32 those
35 are 36 used
36 used 37 to
37 to 38 assess
38 assess 41 and
39 the 41 and
40 robustness 41 and
41 and 42 consistency
41 and 43 of
43 of 46 algorithm
44 the 46 algorithm
45 developed 46 algorithm

the results show an automatic bone detection rate of 0.99 and an average segmentation accuracy of 0.95 using the dice similarity index . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 8 rate
3 show 11 and
4 an 5 automatic
4 an 8 rate
5 automatic 6 bone
6 bone 7 detection
7 detection 8 rate
8 rate 9 of
9 of 10 0.99
11 and 13 average
11 and 15 accuracy
12 an 13 average
14 segmentation 15 accuracy
15 accuracy 16 of
16 of 17 0.95
17 0.95 18 using
18 using 22 index
19 the 22 index
20 dice 22 index
21 similarity 22 index

parkinson 's disease ( pd ) is a late - onset neurodegenerative disease which occurs at more than 1 % in populations aging 65 - years [and] [over] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
1 parkinson 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 pd
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 pd
5 pd 6 )
7 is 13 disease
8 a 9 late
8 a 13 disease
9 late 10 -
9 late 11 onset
11 onset 13 disease
12 neurodegenerative 13 disease
13 disease 14 which
13 disease 15 occurs
13 disease 26 years
14 which 15 occurs
15 occurs 16 at
15 occurs 18 than
15 occurs 21 in
16 at 17 more
18 than 20 %
19 1 20 %
21 in 22 populations
22 populations 23 aging
23 aging 24 65
25 - 26 years
26 years 29 .

recently , leucine - rich repeat kinase 2 ( lrrk2 ) has been identified as a causative gene for autosomal dominantly inherited familial pd cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 leucine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 recently 2 ,
1 recently 3 leucine
3 leucine 7 kinase
3 leucine 12 has
4 - 7 kinase
5 rich 6 repeat
6 repeat 7 kinase
7 kinase 8 2
7 kinase 10 lrrk2
7 kinase 11 )
9 ( 10 lrrk2
10 lrrk2 11 )
12 has 13 been
13 been 14 identified
14 identified 15 as
15 as 18 gene
16 a 17 causative
16 a 18 gene
17 causative 18 gene
18 gene 19 for
19 for 25 cases
20 autosomal 25 cases
21 dominantly 22 inherited
22 inherited 25 cases
23 familial 25 cases
24 pd 25 cases

lrrk2 g2019s which is a prevalent mutant found in familial pd patients with lrrk2 mutations , exhibited kinase activity stronger than that of the wild type , suggesting the lrrk2 kinase inhibitor as a potential pd therapeutics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 g2019s
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 lrrk2 2 g2019s
2 g2019s 3 which
2 g2019s 4 is
2 g2019s 8 found
3 which 4 is
4 is 7 mutant
5 a 6 prevalent
5 a 7 mutant
6 prevalent 7 mutant
8 found 9 in
8 found 36 pd
8 found 37 therapeutics
9 in 12 patients
10 familial 12 patients
11 pd 12 patients
12 patients 13 with
12 patients 28 suggesting
13 with 15 mutations
14 lrrk2 15 mutations
15 mutations 19 activity
16 , 19 activity
17 exhibited 19 activity
18 kinase 19 activity
19 activity 20 stronger
19 activity 27 ,
20 stronger 21 than
21 than 22 that
21 than 23 of
23 of 26 type
24 the 26 type
25 wild 26 type
28 suggesting 32 inhibitor
29 the 32 inhibitor
30 lrrk2 31 kinase
31 kinase 32 inhibitor
33 as 35 potential
33 as 36 pd
34 a 35 potential
36 pd 37 therapeutics

to develop such therapeutics , we initially screened a small chemical library and selected compound 1 , whose ic ( 50 ) is about 13.2 μm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 to 2 develop
2 develop 4 therapeutics
3 such 4 therapeutics
5 , 6 we
5 , 13 and
5 , 17 ,
6 we 13 and
7 initially 8 screened
8 screened 12 library
8 screened 13 and
9 a 10 small
9 a 12 library
10 small 11 chemical
11 chemical 12 library
13 and 14 selected
14 selected 15 compound
15 compound 16 1
17 , 18 whose
17 , 23 is
18 whose 19 ic
19 ic 21 50
19 ic 23 is
20 ( 21 50
21 50 22 )
23 is 24 about
23 is 26 μm
24 about 25 13.2

to develop better inhibitors , we tested five of the compound 1 derivatives [and] found a slightly better inhibitor , compound 4 , whose ic ( 50 ) is 4.1 μm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 to 2 develop
2 develop 4 inhibitors
3 better 4 inhibitors
5 , 6 we
5 , 7 tested
6 we 7 tested
7 tested 8 five
7 tested 31 μm
8 five 9 of
8 five 13 derivatives
8 five 15 found
8 five 24 whose
8 five 31 μm
9 of 11 compound
10 the 11 compound
12 1 13 derivatives
13 derivatives 15 found
15 found 19 inhibitor
16 a 19 inhibitor
17 slightly 18 better
18 better 19 inhibitor
19 inhibitor 21 compound
20 , 21 compound
21 compound 22 4
21 compound 23 ,
24 whose 25 ic
25 ic 27 50
25 ic 29 is
26 ( 27 50
27 50 28 )
29 is 30 4.1

the cell [-] based assay showed that these two chemicals inhibited oxidative stress - induced neurotoxicity caused [by] [over] - expression of a pd - specific lrrk2 mutant , g2019s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 5 assay
2 cell 4 based
4 based 5 assay
5 assay 6 showed
6 showed 7 that
6 showed 10 chemicals
6 showed 11 inhibited
8 these 9 two
9 two 10 chemicals
10 chemicals 11 inhibited
11 inhibited 13 stress
12 oxidative 13 stress
13 stress 16 neurotoxicity
13 stress 21 expression
14 - 16 neurotoxicity
15 induced 16 neurotoxicity
16 neurotoxicity 17 caused
16 neurotoxicity 20 -
20 - 21 expression
21 expression 22 of
21 expression 25 -
22 of 24 pd
23 a 24 pd
25 - 28 mutant
25 - 29 ,
26 specific 28 mutant
27 lrrk2 28 mutant
29 , 30 g2019s

in addition , the structural analysis of compound 4 suggested hydrogen bond interactions between compound 4 and ala 1950 residue in the backbone of the atp binding pocket of lrrk2 kinas domain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 domain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 addition
2 addition 3 ,
3 , 6 analysis
3 , 17 and
4 the 6 analysis
5 structural 6 analysis
6 analysis 7 of
7 of 13 interactions
8 compound 10 suggested
9 4 10 suggested
10 suggested 11 hydrogen
11 hydrogen 13 interactions
12 bond 13 interactions
13 interactions 14 between
14 between 15 compound
15 compound 16 4
17 and 20 residue
17 and 21 in
17 and 24 of
17 and 32 domain
18 ala 19 1950
18 ala 20 residue
21 in 23 backbone
22 the 23 backbone
24 of 28 pocket
25 the 28 pocket
26 atp 27 binding
27 binding 28 pocket
28 pocket 29 of
29 of 31 kinas
30 lrrk2 31 kinas

therefore , compound 4 may be a promising lead compound to further develop a pd therapeutics based on lrrk2 kinase inhibition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compound
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 3 compound
3 compound 4 4
3 compound 5 may
5 may 6 be
6 be 10 compound
6 be 11 to
6 be 18 on
7 a 8 promising
7 a 10 compound
8 promising 9 lead
9 lead 10 compound
11 to 13 develop
12 further 13 develop
13 develop 15 pd
14 a 15 pd
15 pd 16 therapeutics
15 pd 17 based
16 therapeutics 17 based
18 on 21 inhibition
19 lrrk2 21 inhibition
20 kinase 21 inhibition

the current study aimed to examine the salience of anxiety - provoking social situations for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 aimed
1 the 3 study
2 current 3 study
3 study 4 aimed
4 aimed 5 to
4 aimed 6 examine
5 to 6 examine
6 examine 8 salience
7 the 8 salience
8 salience 9 of
8 salience 12 provoking
9 of 10 anxiety
11 - 12 provoking
12 provoking 14 situations
12 provoking 18 .
13 social 14 situations
14 situations 15 for
15 for 17 adults
16 older 17 adults

a list of [potentially] anxiety [-] provoking situations was developed from a review of existing measures of social anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 list
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 list
2 list 3 of
2 list 9 was
3 of 5 anxiety
5 anxiety 7 provoking
7 provoking 8 situations
9 was 10 developed
10 developed 11 from
11 from 13 review
12 a 13 review
13 review 14 of
14 of 16 measures
15 existing 16 measures
16 measures 17 of
17 of 19 anxiety
18 social 19 anxiety

in addition to items derived from existing measures , the investigators generated items thought to be particularly relevant for older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 investigators
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 investigators
2 addition 3 to
3 to 4 items
4 items 5 derived
4 items 6 from
6 from 8 measures
7 existing 8 measures
10 the 11 investigators
11 investigators 12 generated
12 generated 13 items
12 generated 15 to
13 items 14 thought
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 particularly
16 be 18 relevant
18 relevant 19 for
19 for 21 adults
20 older 21 adults

one hundred and four older adults were asked , " please check all situations where you might feel uncomfortable , nervous , scared , worried , embarrassed , or anxious . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 one 2 hundred
2 hundred 3 and
3 and 4 four
4 four 6 adults
5 older 6 adults
6 adults 7 were
7 were 9 ,
8 asked 9 ,
9 , 10 "
9 , 12 check
11 please 12 check
12 check 14 situations
12 check 15 where
13 all 14 situations
15 where 16 you
15 where 18 feel
16 you 17 might
17 might 18 feel
18 feel 29 or
19 uncomfortable 20 ,
20 , 21 nervous
20 , 22 ,
22 , 23 scared
22 , 24 ,
24 , 25 worried
24 , 26 ,
26 , 27 embarrassed
26 , 29 or
28 , 29 or
29 or 30 anxious
31 . 32 "

participants were also prompted to record any additional situations in which they experienced anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 prompted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 participants 2 were
2 were 4 prompted
3 also 4 prompted
4 prompted 5 to
4 prompted 6 record
5 to 6 record
6 record 9 situations
7 any 9 situations
8 additional 9 situations
9 situations 10 in
10 in 11 which
10 in 12 they
10 in 13 experienced
12 they 13 experienced
13 experienced 14 anxiety

older adults endorsed items not included on typical measures of social anxiety at high rates . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 endorsed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 endorsed
3 endorsed 4 items
4 items 5 not
5 not 6 included
6 included 7 on
6 included 13 at
7 on 9 measures
8 typical 9 measures
9 measures 10 of
10 of 12 anxiety
11 social 12 anxiety
13 at 15 rates
14 high 15 rates

exploratory analyses of the effects of gender on item endorsement were examined and significant differences were found for several items . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 exploratory 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 of
2 analyses 11 were
3 of 5 effects
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
6 of 7 gender
7 gender 8 on
8 on 10 endorsement
9 item 10 endorsement
11 were 12 examined
13 and 15 differences
13 and 17 found
14 significant 15 differences
15 differences 16 were
16 were 17 found
17 found 18 for
18 for 20 items
19 several 20 items

the authors discuss these findings and their implications for the assessment of late - life social anxiety . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 discuss
3 discuss 6 and
4 these 6 and
5 findings 6 and
6 and 8 implications
6 and 9 for
7 their 8 implications
9 for 11 assessment
10 the 11 assessment
11 assessment 12 of
12 of 17 anxiety
13 late 14 -
13 late 15 life
15 life 17 anxiety
16 social 17 anxiety

endocrine disruption is a concept and principle whose origins can be traced to the beginnings of the environmental movement in the 1960s . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disruption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 endocrine 2 disruption
2 disruption 3 is
3 is 5 concept
4 a 5 concept
6 and 7 principle
6 and 12 traced
7 principle 8 whose
7 principle 12 traced
8 whose 9 origins
9 origins 10 can
10 can 11 be
12 traced 13 to
12 traced 20 in
13 to 15 beginnings
14 the 15 beginnings
15 beginnings 16 of
16 of 19 movement
17 the 19 movement
18 environmental 19 movement
20 in 22 1960s
21 the 22 1960s

it began with puzzlement about [and] the flaring of research on the decline of wildlife , particularly avian species . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 began
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 it 2 began
2 began 3 with
2 began 5 about
3 with 4 puzzlement
5 about 8 flaring
7 the 8 flaring
8 flaring 9 of
8 flaring 11 on
9 of 10 research
11 on 13 decline
12 the 13 decline
13 decline 14 of
14 of 15 wildlife
16 , 19 species
17 particularly 18 avian
18 avian 19 species

the proposed causes accented pesticides , especially persistent organochlorines such as ddt . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 causes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 accented
1 the 3 causes
2 proposed 3 causes
3 causes 4 accented
4 accented 5 pesticides
5 pesticides 9 organochlorines
6 , 9 organochlorines
7 especially 8 persistent
8 persistent 9 organochlorines
9 organochlorines 11 as
9 organochlorines 13 .
10 such 11 as
11 as 12 ddt

its scope gradually widened beyond pesticides , and , as endocrine disruption offered an explanation for the wildlife phenomena , it seemed to explain , as well , changes in fertility and disorders of male reproduction such as testicular cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scope
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 widened
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 its 2 scope
2 scope 4 widened
3 gradually 4 widened
4 widened 5 beyond
5 beyond 6 pesticides
7 , 8 and
8 and 9 ,
8 and 12 disruption
8 and 13 offered
10 as 11 endocrine
11 endocrine 12 disruption
12 disruption 13 offered
13 offered 15 explanation
14 an 15 explanation
15 explanation 16 for
16 for 19 phenomena
17 the 19 phenomena
18 wildlife 19 phenomena
19 phenomena 32 and
19 phenomena 34 of
20 , 22 seemed
21 it 22 seemed
22 seemed 23 to
22 seemed 27 well
22 seemed 29 changes
23 to 24 explain
25 , 27 well
26 as 27 well
27 well 28 ,
29 changes 30 in
29 changes 32 and
30 in 31 fertility
32 and 33 disorders
34 of 36 reproduction
35 male 36 reproduction
36 reproduction 38 as
37 such 38 as
38 as 40 cancer
39 testicular 40 cancer

once disturbed gonadal hormone function [became] [the] most likely explanation , [it] provoked other questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 once 2 disturbed
2 disturbed 10 explanation
2 disturbed 11 ,
3 gonadal 4 hormone
4 hormone 10 explanation
5 function 10 explanation
8 most 9 likely
9 likely 10 explanation
11 , 13 provoked
13 provoked 15 questions
14 other 15 questions

the most challenging arose because of how critical gonadal hormones are to brain function , especially as determinants of brain sexual differentiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 most
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 function
1 the 2 most
2 most 3 challenging
2 most 13 brain
2 most 14 function
3 challenging 4 arose
4 arose 5 because
5 because 6 of
6 of 7 how
6 of 13 brain
7 how 8 critical
8 critical 11 are
9 gonadal 10 hormones
10 hormones 11 are
12 to 13 brain
14 function 17 as
15 , 16 especially
15 , 17 as
17 as 18 determinants
17 as 23 .
18 determinants 19 of
19 of 22 differentiation
20 brain 22 differentiation
21 sexual 22 differentiation

pursuit of such connections has generated [a] robust literature embracing a broad swath of chemical classes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pursuit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 pursuit 2 of
1 pursuit 5 has
2 of 4 connections
3 such 4 connections
5 has 6 generated
6 generated 9 literature
8 robust 9 literature
9 literature 10 embracing
10 embracing 13 swath
11 a 12 broad
11 a 13 swath
12 broad 13 swath
13 swath 14 of
14 of 16 classes
15 chemical 16 classes

how endocrine disrupting chemicals influence the adult and aging brain is a question , so far mostly ignored because of the emphasis on early development , that warrants vigorous investigation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 how
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 how 4 chemicals
1 how 5 influence
1 how 11 is
2 endocrine 4 chemicals
3 disrupting 4 chemicals
4 chemicals 5 influence
5 influence 8 and
6 the 7 adult
7 adult 8 and
8 and 10 brain
9 aging 10 brain
11 is 13 question
12 a 13 question
14 , 27 that
14 , 28 warrants
15 so 16 far
16 far 27 that
17 mostly 18 ignored
18 ignored 19 because
18 ignored 23 on
18 ignored 26 ,
18 ignored 27 that
19 because 20 of
20 of 22 emphasis
21 the 22 emphasis
23 on 25 development
24 early 25 development
27 that 28 warrants
28 warrants 30 investigation
29 vigorous 30 investigation

gonadal hormones are crucial to optimal brain [function] during maturity and even senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hormones
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 gonadal 2 hormones
2 hormones 3 are
3 are 4 crucial
4 crucial 5 to
4 crucial 9 during
5 to 7 brain
6 optimal 7 brain
9 during 11 and
10 maturity 11 and
11 and 13 senescence
12 even 13 senescence

they are pivotal to the processes of neurogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 pivotal
3 pivotal 4 to
4 to 6 processes
5 the 6 processes
6 processes 7 of
7 of 8 neurogenesis

they exert protective actions against neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and support smoothly functioning cognitive activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 they 11 and
2 exert 4 actions
2 exert 5 against
2 exert 11 and
3 protective 4 actions
5 against 7 disorders
6 neurodegenerative 7 disorders
7 disorders 9 as
8 such 9 as
9 as 10 dementia
11 and 12 support
12 support 16 activities
13 smoothly 14 functioning
14 functioning 16 activities
15 cognitive 16 activities

the limited research conducted so far on endocrine disruptors , aging , and neurogenesis argues that they should be overlooked no longer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 argues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 research
2 limited 3 research
3 research 4 conducted
3 research 15 argues
4 conducted 6 far
5 so 6 far
6 far 7 on
7 on 13 and
8 endocrine 9 disruptors
9 disruptors 10 ,
10 , 11 aging
10 , 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 neurogenesis
15 argues 16 that
16 that 17 they
16 that 20 overlooked
17 they 18 should
18 should 19 be
19 be 20 overlooked
20 overlooked 22 longer
21 no 22 longer

vertigo , unsteadiness , and other balance - related symptoms are common among older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 vertigo 2 ,
2 , 3 unsteadiness
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 balance
5 and 11 are
6 other 7 balance
8 - 9 related
9 related 10 symptoms
9 related 11 are
11 are 12 common
12 common 13 among
13 among 15 adults
14 older 15 adults

these complaints should be taken seriously because they can lead to [falls] [,] injuries , loss of independence , and even death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complaints
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 taken
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 2 complaints
2 complaints 3 should
3 should 4 be
4 be 5 taken
5 taken 6 seriously
5 taken 7 because
7 because 8 they
7 because 20 and
8 they 20 and
9 can 10 lead
9 can 20 and
10 lead 11 to
11 to 14 injuries
14 injuries 16 loss
15 , 16 loss
16 loss 17 of
16 loss 19 ,
17 of 18 independence
20 and 21 even
21 even 22 death

this article provides a review of the underlying causes for the increased prevalence of dizziness with age , and discusses how specific test procedures may need to be modified for older individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 19 and
3 provides 5 review
3 provides 10 for
3 provides 16 with
3 provides 19 and
4 a 5 review
5 review 6 of
6 of 9 causes
7 the 9 causes
8 underlying 9 causes
10 for 13 prevalence
11 the 13 prevalence
12 increased 13 prevalence
13 prevalence 14 of
14 of 15 dizziness
16 with 17 age
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 discusses
20 discusses 21 how
21 how 22 specific
22 specific 23 test
23 test 24 procedures
24 procedures 25 may
25 may 26 need
26 need 27 to
26 need 29 modified
27 to 28 be
28 be 29 modified
29 modified 30 for
30 for 32 individuals
31 older 32 individuals

issues related to the management of these symptoms in the aging population are also considered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 issues
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 issues 2 related
1 issues 6 of
1 issues 13 are
2 related 3 to
3 to 5 management
4 the 5 management
6 of 8 symptoms
7 these 8 symptoms
8 symptoms 9 in
9 in 12 population
10 the 12 population
11 aging 12 population
13 are 15 considered
14 also 15 considered

automated accurate and consistent sulcal parcellation of longitudinal cortical surfaces is of great importance in studying longitudinal morphological and functional changes of human brains , since longitudinal cortical changes are normally very subtle , especially in aging brains . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 parcellation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 automated 6 parcellation
2 accurate 3 and
3 and 4 consistent
3 and 6 parcellation
5 sulcal 6 parcellation
6 parcellation 7 of
6 parcellation 11 is
7 of 10 surfaces
8 longitudinal 10 surfaces
9 cortical 10 surfaces
11 is 12 of
11 is 15 in
12 of 14 importance
13 great 14 importance
15 in 16 studying
16 studying 21 changes
16 studying 26 since
16 studying 35 especially
17 longitudinal 21 changes
18 morphological 19 and
19 and 20 functional
19 and 21 changes
21 changes 22 of
22 of 24 brains
23 human 24 brains
25 , 26 since
26 since 29 changes
26 since 30 are
26 since 34 ,
27 longitudinal 29 changes
28 cortical 29 changes
29 changes 30 are
30 are 31 normally
30 are 33 subtle
32 very 33 subtle
35 especially 36 in
36 in 37 aging
37 aging 38 brains

however , applying the existing methods ( which were typically developed for cortical sulcal parcellation of a single cortical surface ) independently to longitudinal cortical surfaces might generate longitudinally [-] inconsistent results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 applying
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 generate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 applying
3 applying 6 methods
3 applying 22 independently
3 applying 27 might
4 the 6 methods
5 existing 6 methods
6 methods 8 which
7 ( 8 which
8 which 9 were
8 which 21 )
9 were 11 developed
10 typically 11 developed
11 developed 12 for
12 for 15 parcellation
13 cortical 15 parcellation
14 sulcal 15 parcellation
15 parcellation 16 of
16 of 20 surface
17 a 18 single
17 a 20 surface
18 single 20 surface
19 cortical 20 surface
22 independently 23 to
23 to 26 surfaces
24 longitudinal 26 surfaces
25 cortical 26 surfaces
27 might 28 generate
28 generate 29 longitudinally
28 generate 32 results
31 inconsistent 32 results

to overcome this limitation , this paper presents a novel energy function based method for accurate and consistent sulcal parcellation of longitudinal cortical surfaces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 overcome
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 to 2 overcome
2 overcome 4 limitation
3 this 4 limitation
5 , 7 paper
5 , 8 presents
6 this 7 paper
7 paper 8 presents
8 presents 14 method
9 a 10 novel
9 a 14 method
10 novel 14 method
11 energy 13 based
12 function 13 based
13 based 14 method
14 method 15 for
15 for 20 parcellation
16 accurate 17 and
17 and 18 consistent
17 and 20 parcellation
19 sulcal 20 parcellation
20 parcellation 21 of
21 of 24 surfaces
22 longitudinal 24 surfaces
23 cortical 24 surfaces

specifically , both spatial and temporal smoothness are imposed in the energy function to obtain consistent longitudinal sulcal parcellation results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 imposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 specifically 2 ,
1 specifically 5 and
3 both 5 and
4 spatial 5 and
5 and 7 smoothness
5 and 8 are
6 temporal 7 smoothness
8 are 9 imposed
9 imposed 10 in
9 imposed 14 to
10 in 13 function
11 the 13 function
12 energy 13 function
14 to 15 obtain
15 obtain 20 results
16 consistent 19 parcellation
17 longitudinal 19 parcellation
18 sulcal 19 parcellation
19 parcellation 20 results

the energy function is efficiently minimized by a graph cut method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 minimized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 3 function
2 energy 3 function
3 function 4 is
4 is 5 efficiently
4 is 6 minimized
6 minimized 7 by
7 by 11 method
8 a 11 method
9 graph 11 method
10 cut 11 method

the proposed method has been successfully applied to sulcal parcellation of both real and simulated longitudinal inner cortical surfaces of human brain mr images . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 method
2 proposed 3 method
3 method 14 and
4 has 5 been
4 has 14 and
5 been 6 successfully
5 been 7 applied
7 applied 8 to
7 applied 13 real
8 to 10 parcellation
9 sulcal 10 parcellation
10 parcellation 11 of
11 of 12 both
14 and 15 simulated
14 and 19 surfaces
16 longitudinal 19 surfaces
17 inner 19 surfaces
18 cortical 19 surfaces
19 surfaces 20 of
20 of 24 images
21 human 22 brain
22 brain 24 images
23 mr 24 images

both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 both 6 results
2 qualitative 3 and
3 and 4 quantitative
3 and 5 evaluation
5 evaluation 6 results
6 results 7 demonstrate
7 demonstrate 9 validity
8 the 9 validity
9 validity 10 of
10 of 13 method
11 the 13 method
12 proposed 13 method

osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 osteoporosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 osteoporosis 2 is
2 is 6 problem
3 a 4 major
3 a 6 problem
4 major 5 health
5 health 6 problem
6 problem 7 in
7 in 9 elderly
8 the 9 elderly

epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 epidemiological 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 has
3 has 4 shown
4 shown 6 association
4 shown 7 between
4 shown 16 in
5 an 6 association
7 between 10 and
8 tea 9 consumption
9 consumption 10 and
10 and 12 prevention
10 and 13 of
11 the 12 prevention
13 of 15 loss
14 bone 15 loss
16 in 19 population
17 the 19 population
18 elderly 19 population

ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and [decreasing] their risk of osteoporotic fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 ingestion 2 of
1 ingestion 5 and
2 of 4 tea
3 green 4 tea
5 and 7 tea
5 and 9 compounds
5 and 14 mitigating
5 and 20 and
6 green 7 tea
8 bioactive 9 compounds
9 compounds 10 may
10 may 11 be
11 be 12 beneficial
12 beneficial 13 in
13 in 14 mitigating
14 mitigating 16 loss
15 bone 16 loss
16 loss 17 of
17 of 19 population
18 this 19 population
20 and 23 risk
20 and 24 of
22 their 23 risk
24 of 26 fractures
25 osteoporotic 26 fractures

combination antiretroviral therapy ( cart ) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of hiv - infected patients , yet their life expectancy remains reduced compared with the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 combination
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 remains
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 combination 3 therapy
1 combination 7 has
1 combination 9 reduced
2 antiretroviral 3 therapy
3 therapy 5 cart
3 therapy 7 has
4 ( 5 cart
5 cart 6 )
8 significantly 9 reduced
9 reduced 11 and
9 reduced 19 yet
10 morbidity 11 and
11 and 12 mortality
12 mortality 13 of
13 of 14 hiv
14 hiv 17 patients
15 - 17 patients
16 infected 17 patients
17 patients 18 ,
19 yet 22 expectancy
20 their 22 expectancy
21 life 22 expectancy
22 expectancy 23 remains
23 remains 24 reduced
23 remains 26 with
24 reduced 25 compared
26 with 29 population
27 the 29 population
28 general 29 population

most hiv - infected patients receiving cart have some persistent immune dysfunction characterized by chronic immune activation and premature aging of the immune system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hiv
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 most 2 hiv
3 - 5 patients
3 - 8 have
3 - 25 .
4 infected 5 patients
5 patients 6 receiving
5 patients 8 have
6 receiving 7 cart
8 have 20 aging
9 some 20 aging
10 persistent 12 dysfunction
11 immune 12 dysfunction
12 dysfunction 13 characterized
12 dysfunction 18 and
13 characterized 14 by
14 by 17 activation
15 chronic 17 activation
16 immune 17 activation
18 and 19 premature
18 and 20 aging
20 aging 21 of
21 of 24 system
22 the 24 system
23 immune 24 system

here we review biomarkers of t - cell activation ( cd69 , - 25 and - 38 , hla - dr , and soluble cd26 [and] - 30 ) ; generalized immune activation ( c - reactive protein , il - 6 and d - dimer [ )( microbial translocation ( lipopolysaccharide , 16 s rdna , lipopolysaccharide - binding protein and soluble cd14 ) [;] and immune dysfunction of specific cellular subsets ( t [cells] , natural killer cells and monocytes ) in hiv - infected patients on cart and their relationship to adverse clinical outcomes including impaired cd4 t - cell recovery , as well as [non] [-] aids clinical events , such as cardiovascular disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 review
3 review 4 biomarkers
4 biomarkers 5 of
5 of 6 t
7 - 9 activation
7 - 13 -
8 cell 9 activation
9 activation 11 cd69
10 ( 11 cd69
11 cd69 12 ,
13 - 14 25
13 - 15 and
13 - 18 ,
15 and 16 -
16 - 17 38
18 , 19 hla
18 , 20 -
20 - 23 and
20 - 30 ;
21 dr 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 cd26
23 and 28 30
24 soluble 25 cd26
27 - 28 30
28 30 29 )
30 ; 40 il
30 ; 41 -
31 generalized 40 il
32 immune 39 ,
32 immune 40 il
33 activation 36 -
34 ( 36 -
35 c 36 -
36 - 38 protein
36 - 39 ,
37 reactive 38 protein
41 - 42 6
41 - 43 and
41 - 46 dimer
43 and 44 d
43 and 45 -
44 d 45 -
45 - 46 dimer
46 dimer 50 translocation
49 microbial 50 translocation
50 translocation 52 lipopolysaccharide
50 translocation 59 -
51 ( 52 lipopolysaccharide
52 lipopolysaccharide 53 ,
53 , 59 -
54 16 55 s
55 s 58 lipopolysaccharide
56 rdna 57 ,
56 rdna 58 lipopolysaccharide
58 lipopolysaccharide 59 -
59 - 67 and
60 binding 61 protein
61 protein 62 and
62 and 64 cd14
62 and 65 )
62 and 67 and
63 soluble 64 cd14
67 and 69 dysfunction
67 and 70 of
68 immune 69 dysfunction
70 of 81 and
71 specific 77 ,
71 specific 78 natural
72 cellular 73 subsets
73 subsets 75 t
74 ( 75 t
75 t 77 ,
78 natural 80 cells
79 killer 80 cells
80 cells 81 and
81 and 82 monocytes
81 and 83 )
81 and 84 in
81 and 89 on
84 in 88 patients
85 hiv 87 infected
85 hiv 88 patients
86 - 87 infected
89 on 91 and
90 cart 91 and
91 and 93 relationship
92 their 93 relationship
93 relationship 94 to
93 relationship 98 including
94 to 97 outcomes
95 adverse 97 outcomes
96 clinical 97 outcomes
98 including 100 cd4
98 including 107 well
98 including 108 as
99 impaired 100 cd4
100 cd4 101 t
100 cd4 104 recovery
102 - 104 recovery
103 cell 104 recovery
104 recovery 105 ,
106 as 107 well
108 as 113 events
111 aids 113 events
112 clinical 113 events
113 events 116 as
114 , 116 as
115 such 116 as
116 as 118 disease
116 as 119 .
117 cardiovascular 118 disease

memory loss often signifies loss of independence , which is a growing concern for residents in assisted living ( al ) [facilities] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 loss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 signifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 memory 2 loss
2 loss 4 signifies
3 often 4 signifies
4 signifies 5 loss
5 loss 6 of
6 of 7 independence
8 , 9 which
8 , 10 is
9 which 10 is
10 is 13 concern
11 a 13 concern
12 growing 13 concern
13 concern 14 for
14 for 15 residents
15 residents 16 in
16 in 18 living
17 assisted 18 living
18 living 20 al
19 ( 20 al
20 al 21 )

the purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize the memory experiences and concerns of al residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 7 was
3 of 6 study
4 this 5 exploratory
5 exploratory 6 study
7 was 8 to
7 was 9 characterize
8 to 9 characterize
9 characterize 11 memory
10 the 11 memory
11 memory 13 and
11 memory 15 of
12 experiences 13 and
13 and 14 concerns
15 of 17 residents
16 al 17 residents

six residents voluntarily participated in 1 [-] hour recorded interviews focusing on memory and guided by eight open - ended questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 residents
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 participated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 six 2 residents
2 residents 4 participated
3 voluntarily 4 participated
4 participated 5 in
4 participated 16 by
5 in 8 hour
6 1 8 hour
8 hour 14 and
9 recorded 10 interviews
9 recorded 14 and
10 interviews 11 focusing
11 focusing 12 on
12 on 13 memory
14 and 15 guided
16 by 21 questions
17 eight 21 questions
18 open 19 -
18 open 21 questions
20 ended 21 questions

interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 interviews 2 were
2 were 4 and
3 transcribed 4 and
4 and 5 analyzed
4 and 6 using
6 using 9 analysis
7 qualitative 9 analysis
8 content 9 analysis

subjects reported varying degrees of memory loss they found frightening and frustrating , but also accepted the loss as a natural part of the aging process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 subjects 14 but
2 reported 4 degrees
2 reported 14 but
3 varying 4 degrees
4 degrees 5 of
4 degrees 8 they
4 degrees 9 found
5 of 7 loss
6 memory 7 loss
8 they 9 found
9 found 11 and
10 frightening 11 and
11 and 12 frustrating
13 , 14 but
14 but 16 accepted
15 also 16 accepted
16 accepted 18 loss
17 the 18 loss
18 loss 19 as
19 as 22 part
20 a 22 part
21 natural 22 part
22 part 23 of
23 of 26 process
24 the 26 process
25 aging 26 process

concerns focused primarily on inability to recall staff and resident names and activities , schedules , and appointments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 concerns
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 concerns 2 focused
2 focused 3 primarily
2 focused 6 to
3 primarily 4 on
4 on 5 inability
6 to 17 and
7 recall 8 staff
8 staff 9 and
9 and 11 names
9 and 12 and
10 resident 11 names
12 and 13 activities
12 and 15 schedules
12 and 17 and
14 , 15 schedules
15 schedules 16 ,
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 appointments

understanding memory experiences and concerns is important for nursing staff members who care for al residents . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 memory
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 understanding 2 memory
2 memory 4 and
2 memory 6 is
3 experiences 4 and
4 and 5 concerns
6 is 7 important
7 important 8 for
8 for 9 nursing
9 nursing 11 members
10 staff 11 members
11 members 12 who
11 members 13 care
12 who 13 care
13 care 14 for
14 for 16 residents
15 al 16 residents

memory challenges identified by these residents were used to develop a memory intervention for older adults residents of this and other al facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenges
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 memory 2 challenges
2 challenges 3 identified
2 challenges 7 were
3 identified 4 by
4 by 6 residents
5 these 6 residents
7 were 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 develop
9 to 10 develop
10 develop 13 intervention
10 develop 14 for
11 a 13 intervention
12 memory 13 intervention
14 for 17 residents
15 older 16 adults
16 adults 17 residents
17 residents 18 of
18 of 20 and
19 this 20 and
20 and 23 facilities
21 other 23 facilities
22 al 23 facilities

improving cognitive skills may help al residents maintain their functional abilities , enabling them to " age in place " in al . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 help
1 improving 3 skills
1 improving 4 may
2 cognitive 3 skills
4 may 5 help
5 help 7 residents
5 help 8 maintain
6 al 7 residents
8 maintain 11 abilities
9 their 11 abilities
10 functional 11 abilities
11 abilities 13 enabling
12 , 13 enabling
13 enabling 14 them
13 enabling 15 to
13 enabling 17 age
13 enabling 23 .
15 to 16 "
15 to 17 age
17 age 18 in
17 age 21 in
18 in 19 place
19 place 20 "
21 in 22 al

none many metal ions [(] lead , mercury , arsenic , cadmium , chromium , nickel , vanadium , copper , lithium ) exert a wide variety of adverse effects on reproduction and development , including influence on male and female subfertility or fertility , abortions , malformations , birth defects , and effects on the central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 exert
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 60 .
1 none 4 ions
1 none 6 lead
1 none 8 mercury
1 none 12 cadmium
1 none 14 chromium
1 none 16 nickel
1 none 24 exert
2 many 3 metal
3 metal 4 ions
4 ions 6 lead
7 , 8 mercury
8 mercury 10 arsenic
8 mercury 11 ,
9 , 10 arsenic
10 arsenic 11 ,
11 , 12 cadmium
12 cadmium 13 ,
13 , 14 chromium
14 chromium 15 ,
15 , 16 nickel
16 nickel 18 vanadium
16 nickel 22 lithium
16 nickel 23 )
17 , 18 vanadium
18 vanadium 20 copper
18 vanadium 21 ,
19 , 20 copper
20 copper 21 ,
21 , 22 lithium
22 lithium 23 )
24 exert 27 variety
24 exert 31 on
25 a 26 wide
25 a 27 variety
26 wide 27 variety
27 variety 28 of
28 of 30 effects
29 adverse 30 effects
31 on 33 and
32 reproduction 33 and
33 and 34 development
33 and 35 ,
33 and 36 including
36 including 37 influence
36 including 38 on
36 including 55 on
38 on 53 and
39 male 40 and
40 and 41 female
40 and 42 subfertility
42 subfertility 43 or
43 or 44 fertility
43 or 45 ,
43 or 46 abortions
43 or 48 malformations
43 or 53 and
45 , 46 abortions
46 abortions 47 ,
47 , 48 malformations
48 malformations 51 defects
48 malformations 52 ,
49 , 51 defects
50 birth 51 defects
51 defects 52 ,
53 and 54 effects
55 on 59 system
56 the 59 system
57 central 59 system
58 nervous 59 system

the effects produced by metal ions depend on several factors , such as timing and duration of exposure , their distribution and accumulation in various organs ( e.g [.] , the nervous system ) , and on the interference with specific developmental processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 depend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 effects
2 effects 3 produced
2 effects 4 by
2 effects 7 depend
4 by 6 ions
5 metal 6 ions
7 depend 8 on
8 on 10 factors
9 several 10 factors
10 factors 13 as
11 , 13 as
12 such 13 as
13 as 15 and
13 as 19 ,
14 timing 15 and
15 and 16 duration
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 exposure
19 , 22 and
20 their 21 distribution
21 distribution 22 and
22 and 23 accumulation
22 and 36 and
24 in 26 organs
24 in 36 and
25 various 26 organs
26 organs 28 e.g
27 ( 28 e.g
28 e.g 33 system
28 e.g 34 )
30 , 33 system
31 the 33 system
32 nervous 33 system
33 system 34 )
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 on
37 on 39 interference
38 the 39 interference
39 interference 40 with
40 with 43 processes
41 specific 43 processes
42 developmental 43 processes

neonatal and early postnatal periods are lifespan segments during which sensitivity to metals is high ; e.g . [,] lead toxicity on the developing organism is paradigmatic of related well known and still open questions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 e.g
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 neonatal 2 and
2 and 5 periods
2 and 6 are
3 early 5 periods
4 postnatal 5 periods
6 are 8 segments
7 lifespan 8 segments
8 segments 9 during
9 during 10 which
9 during 11 sensitivity
9 during 14 is
11 sensitivity 12 to
11 sensitivity 14 is
12 to 13 metals
14 is 15 high
16 ; 17 e.g
18 . 21 toxicity
18 . 26 is
18 . 36 .
20 lead 21 toxicity
21 toxicity 22 on
21 toxicity 26 is
22 on 25 organism
23 the 25 organism
24 developing 25 organism
26 is 32 and
27 paradigmatic 28 of
27 paradigmatic 31 known
27 paradigmatic 32 and
28 of 30 well
29 related 30 well
32 and 33 still
32 and 35 questions
33 still 34 open
34 open 35 questions

in more recent decades , important mechanisms of action have been suggested : the endocrine disruption via impact of metal ions on reproductive hormones and the oxidative stress . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 mechanisms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 suggested
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
1 in 4 decades
1 in 5 ,
1 in 7 mechanisms
2 more 3 recent
3 recent 4 decades
6 important 7 mechanisms
7 mechanisms 8 of
7 mechanisms 10 have
8 of 9 action
10 have 11 been
11 been 12 suggested
13 : 25 and
13 : 29 .
14 the 16 disruption
15 endocrine 16 disruption
16 disruption 17 via
16 disruption 25 and
17 via 18 impact
18 impact 19 of
19 of 21 ions
20 metal 21 ions
21 ions 22 on
22 on 24 hormones
23 reproductive 24 hormones
25 and 28 stress
26 the 28 stress
27 oxidative 28 stress

while experimental data provide clear evidence of effects of many metals , human data are scant and traditionally limited to high levels of a few metal ions , [like] lead on male fertility . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 while 2 experimental
1 while 3 data
3 data 4 provide
4 provide 6 evidence
5 clear 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 of
6 evidence 9 of
7 of 8 effects
9 of 11 metals
10 many 11 metals
12 , 14 data
12 , 15 are
12 , 28 ,
13 human 14 data
14 data 15 are
15 are 17 and
16 scant 17 and
17 and 18 traditionally
17 and 19 limited
19 limited 20 to
20 to 22 levels
21 high 22 levels
22 levels 23 of
23 of 27 ions
24 a 25 few
25 few 27 ions
26 metal 27 ions
28 , 30 lead
30 lead 31 on
31 on 33 fertility
32 male 33 fertility

less documented [are] reproductive effects for mercury , manganese , chromium , nickel , and arsenic for the same gender . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 less
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 less 2 documented
2 documented 5 effects
2 documented 6 for
4 reproductive 5 effects
6 for 15 and
7 mercury 8 ,
8 , 9 manganese
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 chromium
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 nickel
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 arsenic
15 and 17 for
17 for 20 gender
18 the 19 same
19 same 20 gender

more complex is the demonstration of effects on female reproduction and on pregnancy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 complex
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 more 2 complex
2 complex 3 is
3 is 5 demonstration
4 the 5 demonstration
5 demonstration 6 of
6 of 7 effects
7 effects 11 and
8 on 10 reproduction
8 on 11 and
9 female 10 reproduction
11 and 12 on
12 on 13 pregnancy

the action [of] lead , arsenic , cadmium , chromium , and mercury may in fact be relevant in several stages , beginning in fetal life , during early development or maturity , and is characterized by subfertility , infertility , intrauterine growth retardation , spontaneous abortions , malformations , birth defects , postnatal death , learning and behavior deficits , and premature aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 lead
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 characterized
1 the 4 lead
2 action 4 lead
5 , 6 arsenic
5 , 7 ,
7 , 8 cadmium
7 , 9 ,
9 , 10 chromium
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 mercury
12 and 34 and
13 mercury 34 and
14 may 17 be
14 may 34 and
15 in 16 fact
16 fact 17 be
17 be 18 relevant
18 relevant 19 in
18 relevant 23 beginning
19 in 21 stages
20 several 21 stages
22 , 23 beginning
23 beginning 24 in
23 beginning 28 during
23 beginning 33 ,
24 in 26 life
25 fetal 26 life
27 , 28 during
28 during 31 or
28 during 33 ,
29 early 30 development
30 development 31 or
31 or 32 maturity
33 , 34 and
34 and 35 is
35 is 36 characterized
36 characterized 37 by
37 by 38 subfertility
38 subfertility 40 infertility
38 subfertility 44 retardation
39 , 40 infertility
40 infertility 41 ,
41 , 44 retardation
42 intrauterine 43 growth
43 growth 44 retardation
44 retardation 58 and
44 retardation 65 .
45 , 58 and
46 spontaneous 47 abortions
47 abortions 48 ,
48 , 49 malformations
48 , 50 ,
50 , 52 defects
50 , 53 ,
51 birth 52 defects
53 , 55 death
53 , 56 ,
54 postnatal 55 death
56 , 57 learning
56 , 58 and
58 and 64 aging
58 and 65 .
59 behavior 60 deficits
60 deficits 62 and
61 , 62 and
62 and 63 premature
62 and 64 aging

also , for females the [evidences] [of] specific aspects such as fertility or abortions are usually higher and clearer from animal experiments than from human studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 aspects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 also 2 ,
1 also 9 aspects
3 for 4 females
3 for 9 aspects
5 the 9 aspects
8 specific 9 aspects
9 aspects 11 as
9 aspects 15 are
10 such 11 as
11 as 13 or
12 fertility 13 or
13 or 14 abortions
15 are 16 usually
15 are 18 and
17 higher 18 and
18 and 19 clearer
19 clearer 20 from
19 clearer 23 than
20 from 22 experiments
21 animal 22 experiments
23 than 24 from
24 from 26 studies
25 human 26 studies

patients with head [and] neck cancer experience significant treatment - related symptoms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 7 experience
2 with 6 cancer
3 head 6 cancer
5 neck 6 cancer
7 experience 9 treatment
8 significant 9 treatment
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 symptoms
11 related 13 .

aging may predispose older patients to greater risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 predispose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 aging 2 may
2 may 3 predispose
3 predispose 5 patients
3 predispose 6 to
4 older 5 patients
6 to 8 risk
7 greater 8 risk

we examined the association of age with symptom burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 association
2 examined 7 with
3 the 4 association
4 association 5 of
5 of 6 age
7 with 9 burden
8 symptom 9 burden

older patients may experience more symptom burden with swallowing , voice/speech , and nutrition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 experience
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 older 2 patients
2 patients 3 may
3 may 4 experience
4 experience 7 burden
4 experience 8 with
5 more 7 burden
6 symptom 7 burden
8 with 9 swallowing
10 , 13 and
11 voice/speech 13 and
12 , 13 and
13 and 14 nutrition

nurses need to be especially aware of and monitor for these problems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 nurses 2 need
1 nurses 8 and
2 need 3 to
2 need 7 of
3 to 4 be
4 be 6 aware
5 especially 6 aware
6 aware 7 of
8 and 9 monitor
9 monitor 10 for
9 monitor 12 problems
10 for 11 these

epigenetics , transcending genetics , genomics , and molecular biology , is now poised to be the avant - garde beacon of biological science . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 epigenetics
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 epigenetics 3 transcending
1 epigenetics 8 and
1 epigenetics 12 is
2 , 3 transcending
3 transcending 4 genetics
3 transcending 5 ,
5 , 8 and
6 genomics 8 and
7 , 8 and
8 and 10 biology
8 and 11 ,
9 molecular 10 biology
12 is 14 poised
13 now 14 poised
14 poised 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 21 beacon
17 the 21 beacon
18 avant 19 -
18 avant 21 beacon
20 garde 21 beacon
21 beacon 22 of
22 of 24 science
23 biological 24 science

the rise of dna methylation studies marks a new dawn in the field of epigenetics , which only a few decades ago [was] largely underestimated , but is now a dynamic area of research challenging and revising traditional paradigms of gene expression and behavior . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 2 rise
2 rise 3 of
2 rise 5 methylation
2 rise 6 studies
2 rise 27 but
3 of 4 dna
5 methylation 6 studies
7 marks 10 dawn
7 marks 11 in
7 marks 27 but
8 a 10 dawn
9 new 10 dawn
11 in 13 field
12 the 13 field
13 field 14 of
14 of 15 epigenetics
15 epigenetics 17 which
16 , 17 which
17 which 25 underestimated
17 which 26 ,
18 only 20 few
19 a 20 few
20 few 22 ago
20 few 25 underestimated
21 decades 22 ago
24 largely 25 underestimated
27 but 28 is
28 is 29 now
28 is 43 and
30 a 32 area
31 dynamic 32 area
32 area 33 of
32 area 36 and
33 of 35 challenging
34 research 35 challenging
36 and 39 paradigms
36 and 40 of
36 and 43 and
37 revising 39 paradigms
38 traditional 39 paradigms
40 of 42 expression
41 gene 42 expression
43 and 44 behavior

cancer research enjoys a major share of this attention to dna methylation and it has been widely accepted for some time now that cancer is as much an epigenetic phenomenon as it is genetic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 enjoys
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 cancer 2 research
2 research 3 enjoys
3 enjoys 6 share
3 enjoys 10 to
4 a 6 share
5 major 6 share
6 share 7 of
7 of 9 attention
8 this 9 attention
10 to 12 methylation
11 dna 12 methylation
13 and 14 it
13 and 33 is
14 it 15 has
15 has 16 been
16 been 18 accepted
17 widely 18 accepted
18 accepted 19 for
19 for 21 time
20 some 21 time
21 time 22 now
21 time 23 that
21 time 33 is
23 that 24 cancer
23 that 25 is
24 cancer 25 is
25 is 27 much
25 is 30 phenomenon
26 as 27 much
28 an 29 epigenetic
28 an 30 phenomenon
29 epigenetic 30 phenomenon
30 phenomenon 31 as
31 as 32 it
33 is 34 genetic

epigenetic lesions and perturbations are acquired [during] the life of an individual and accumulate with aging and represent the flip side of the same coin that bears genetic mutations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 epigenetic 2 lesions
2 lesions 3 and
3 and 4 perturbations
3 and 5 are
5 are 13 and
6 acquired 9 life
6 acquired 13 and
8 the 9 life
9 life 10 of
10 of 12 individual
11 an 12 individual
13 and 17 and
14 accumulate 15 with
14 accumulate 17 and
15 with 16 aging
17 and 18 represent
18 represent 21 side
19 the 21 side
20 flip 21 side
21 side 22 of
22 of 25 coin
23 the 24 same
23 the 25 coin
25 coin 26 that
25 coin 27 bears
26 that 27 bears
27 bears 29 mutations
28 genetic 29 mutations

both events , [either] [individually] [or] in cooperation , result in the development and progression of cancer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 events
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 both 2 events
2 events 7 in
2 events 10 result
3 , 7 in
7 in 8 cooperation
7 in 9 ,
10 result 11 in
11 in 14 and
12 the 13 development
13 development 14 and
14 and 15 progression
14 and 16 of
16 of 17 cancer

epigenetic research and the hunt for strong methylation markers has been ably mitigated by new and improved high throughput technology that has improved the efficacy and enabled the rapid progress of biomarker [evaluation] and validation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 epigenetic 2 research
3 and 5 hunt
3 and 26 and
4 the 5 hunt
5 hunt 6 for
5 hunt 26 and
6 for 9 markers
7 strong 8 methylation
8 methylation 9 markers
10 has 11 been
10 has 26 and
11 been 13 mitigated
12 ably 13 mitigated
13 mitigated 14 by
14 by 16 and
15 new 16 and
16 and 20 technology
16 and 21 that
16 and 22 has
17 improved 18 high
18 high 19 throughput
19 throughput 20 technology
21 that 22 has
22 has 23 improved
23 improved 25 efficacy
24 the 25 efficacy
26 and 27 enabled
27 enabled 34 and
28 the 34 and
29 rapid 30 progress
30 progress 31 of
30 progress 34 and
31 of 32 biomarker
34 and 35 validation

this review looks into some of the recent strides in biomarker research dealing exclusively with methylation markers and the potential key they may hold to the resilient door shut tight on cancer diagnostics and treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 shut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 looks
3 looks 4 into
3 looks 10 in
3 looks 15 with
4 into 9 strides
5 some 6 of
5 some 9 strides
6 of 9 strides
7 the 9 strides
8 recent 9 strides
10 in 12 research
11 biomarker 12 research
12 research 13 dealing
13 dealing 14 exclusively
15 with 18 and
15 with 29 shut
16 methylation 17 markers
17 markers 18 and
18 and 21 key
18 and 22 they
18 and 24 hold
19 the 21 key
20 potential 21 key
22 they 23 may
23 may 24 hold
24 hold 25 to
25 to 28 door
26 the 28 door
27 resilient 28 door
29 shut 30 tight
29 shut 31 on
31 on 34 and
32 cancer 33 diagnostics
33 diagnostics 34 and
34 and 35 treatment

background : the goal of the current study was to investigate psychological resilience in the older adults ( >64 years ) compared with that of the young ones ( < 26 years ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 4 goal
3 the 4 goal
4 goal 5 of
5 of 7 current
6 the 7 current
7 current 8 study
7 current 22 compared
8 study 9 was
9 was 10 to
9 was 22 compared
10 to 11 investigate
12 psychological 13 resilience
13 resilience 14 in
13 resilience 20 years
13 resilience 22 compared
14 in 17 adults
15 the 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 ( 20 years
19 >64 20 years
20 years 21 )
22 compared 23 with
23 with 24 that
24 that 25 of
25 of 28 ones
26 the 28 ones
27 young 28 ones
28 ones 32 years
29 ( 32 years
30 < 31 26
31 26 32 years
32 years 33 )

methods : questionnaire measures of depression , hopelessness , general health and resilience were administered to the participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 12 and
2 : 15 administered
2 : 19 .
3 questionnaire 4 measures
4 measures 5 of
4 measures 7 ,
5 of 6 depression
7 , 8 hopelessness
7 , 9 ,
9 , 11 health
9 , 12 and
10 general 11 health
12 and 13 resilience
12 and 14 were
14 were 15 administered
15 administered 16 to
16 to 18 participants
17 the 18 participants

the resilience measure comprised three sub - scales of social support , emotional regulation and problem solving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 sub
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 the 6 sub
2 resilience 4 comprised
3 measure 4 comprised
4 comprised 6 sub
5 three 6 sub
7 - 15 and
7 - 18 .
8 scales 9 of
8 scales 12 ,
9 of 11 support
10 social 11 support
12 , 14 regulation
12 , 15 and
13 emotional 14 regulation
15 and 17 solving
16 problem 17 solving

results : the older adults were the more resilient group especially with respect to emotional regulation ability and problem solving . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
2 : 5 adults
2 : 6 were
3 the 5 adults
4 older 5 adults
5 adults 6 were
6 were 10 group
6 were 11 especially
6 were 14 to
7 the 10 group
8 more 9 resilient
9 resilient 10 group
11 especially 12 with
12 with 13 respect
14 to 18 and
15 emotional 16 regulation
16 regulation 17 ability
17 ability 18 and
18 and 20 solving
19 problem 20 solving

the young ones had more resilience related to social support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ones
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 3 ones
2 young 3 ones
3 ones 4 had
4 had 6 resilience
5 more 6 resilience
6 resilience 7 related
7 related 8 to
8 to 10 support
9 social 10 support

poor perceptions of general health and low energy levels predicted low levels of resilience regardless of age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 poor 2 perceptions
2 perceptions 3 of
2 perceptions 6 and
3 of 5 health
4 general 5 health
6 and 9 levels
6 and 10 predicted
6 and 11 low
7 low 9 levels
8 energy 9 levels
11 low 12 levels
11 low 16 of
12 levels 13 of
13 of 14 resilience
15 regardless 16 of
16 of 17 age

low hopelessness scores also predicted greater resilience in both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hopelessness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 scores
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 low 2 hopelessness
2 hopelessness 3 scores
3 scores 7 resilience
3 scores 8 in
4 also 5 predicted
5 predicted 7 resilience
6 greater 7 resilience
8 in 10 groups
9 both 10 groups

experiencing higher levels of mental illness and physical dysfunction predicted high resilience scores especially for the social support resilience scale in the older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 experiencing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 experiencing 3 levels
1 experiencing 10 predicted
2 higher 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
4 of 7 and
5 mental 6 illness
6 illness 7 and
7 and 9 dysfunction
8 physical 9 dysfunction
10 predicted 12 resilience
10 predicted 13 scores
11 high 12 resilience
12 resilience 13 scores
13 scores 14 especially
13 scores 21 in
14 especially 15 for
15 for 20 scale
16 the 20 scale
17 social 20 scale
18 support 19 resilience
19 resilience 20 scale
21 in 24 adults
22 the 24 adults
23 older 24 adults

the negative effects of depression on resilience related to emotional regulation were countered by low hopelessness but only in the young adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 countered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 3 effects
2 negative 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 12 were
4 of 5 depression
5 depression 6 on
5 depression 8 related
6 on 7 resilience
8 related 9 to
9 to 11 regulation
10 emotional 11 regulation
12 were 13 countered
13 countered 17 but
14 by 16 hopelessness
14 by 17 but
15 low 16 hopelessness
17 but 18 only
17 but 19 in
19 in 22 adults
20 the 22 adults
21 young 22 adults

conclusions : these results highlight the importance of maintaining resilience - related coping skills in both young and older adults but indicate that different psychological processes underlie resilience across the lifespan . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 highlight
2 : 11 -
2 : 32 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 highlight
5 highlight 7 importance
6 the 7 importance
7 importance 8 of
8 of 9 maintaining
9 maintaining 10 resilience
11 - 21 but
12 related 14 skills
12 related 15 in
12 related 21 but
13 coping 14 skills
15 in 20 adults
16 both 20 adults
17 young 18 and
18 and 19 older
18 and 20 adults
21 but 22 indicate
22 indicate 26 processes
22 indicate 27 underlie
23 that 24 different
24 different 26 processes
25 psychological 26 processes
26 processes 27 underlie
27 underlie 28 resilience
27 underlie 29 across
29 across 31 lifespan
30 the 31 lifespan

objective : the goal of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous amyloid - β [peptide] ( aβ ) in healthy brain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 goal
2 : 8 was
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 goal
4 goal 5 of
4 goal 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 investigate
10 investigate 12 role
10 investigate 22 in
11 the 12 role
12 role 13 of
13 of 17 β
14 endogenous 17 β
15 amyloid 16 -
15 amyloid 17 β
17 β 20 aβ
19 ( 20 aβ
20 aβ 21 )
22 in 24 brain
23 healthy 24 brain

methods : long - term potentiation ( ltp ) , a type of synaptic plasticity that is thought to be associated with learning and memory , was examined through extracellular field recordings from the ca1 region of hippocampal slices , whereas behavioral techniques were used to assess contextual fear memory and reference memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 long
3 long 6 potentiation
3 long 15 plasticity
4 - 6 potentiation
5 term 6 potentiation
6 potentiation 8 ltp
6 potentiation 9 )
7 ( 8 ltp
8 ltp 9 )
10 , 15 plasticity
11 a 12 type
12 type 13 of
12 type 15 plasticity
13 of 15 plasticity
14 synaptic 15 plasticity
15 plasticity 18 thought
15 plasticity 19 to
15 plasticity 26 ,
15 plasticity 54 .
16 that 17 is
17 is 18 thought
19 to 20 be
20 be 26 ,
21 associated 22 with
21 associated 26 ,
22 with 24 and
23 learning 24 and
24 and 25 memory
26 , 27 was
27 was 32 recordings
27 was 41 whereas
28 examined 31 field
29 through 31 field
30 extracellular 31 field
31 field 32 recordings
32 recordings 33 from
33 from 36 region
34 the 36 region
35 ca1 36 region
36 region 37 of
37 of 39 slices
38 hippocampal 39 slices
40 , 41 whereas
41 whereas 43 techniques
41 whereas 51 and
41 whereas 54 .
42 behavioral 43 techniques
43 techniques 51 and
44 were 45 used
44 were 51 and
45 used 46 to
46 to 47 assess
47 assess 50 memory
48 contextual 50 memory
49 fear 50 memory
51 and 52 reference
51 and 53 memory

amyloid precursor protein ( app ) [expression] was reduced through small interfering rna ( sirna ) technique . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 reduced
1 amyloid 3 protein
2 precursor 3 protein
3 protein 5 app
3 protein 8 was
4 ( 5 app
5 app 6 )
8 was 9 reduced
9 reduced 10 through
10 through 13 rna
11 small 13 rna
12 interfering 13 rna
13 rna 17 technique
14 ( 17 technique
15 sirna 16 )
15 sirna 17 technique
17 technique 18 .

results : we found that both antirodent aβ antibody and sirna against murine app reduced ltp as well as contextual fear memory and reference memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 found
2 : 10 and
3 we 4 found
4 found 9 antibody
5 that 9 antibody
6 both 7 antirodent
7 antirodent 9 antibody
8 aβ 9 antibody
10 and 11 sirna
10 and 15 reduced
11 sirna 12 against
11 sirna 15 reduced
12 against 14 app
13 murine 14 app
15 reduced 16 ltp
15 reduced 19 as
17 as 18 well
18 well 19 as
19 as 23 and
20 contextual 22 memory
21 fear 22 memory
22 memory 23 and
23 and 25 memory
24 reference 25 memory

these effects were rescued by the addition of human aβ₄₂ , suggesting that endogenously produced aβ is needed for normal ltp and memory . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rescued
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 2 effects
2 effects 3 were
3 were 4 rescued
4 rescued 5 by
5 by 7 addition
6 the 7 addition
7 addition 8 of
8 of 10 aβ₄₂
9 human 10 aβ₄₂
11 , 12 suggesting
11 , 18 needed
12 suggesting 13 that
12 suggesting 15 produced
12 suggesting 17 is
13 that 15 produced
14 endogenously 15 produced
15 produced 16 aβ
17 is 18 needed
18 needed 19 for
19 for 22 and
20 normal 21 ltp
21 ltp 22 and
22 and 23 memory

furthermore , the effect of endogenous aβ on plasticity and memory was likely due to regulation of transmitter release [,] activation of α7 - containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors , and aβ₄₂ production . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 effect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 effect
3 the 4 effect
4 effect 5 of
4 effect 12 was
5 of 10 and
6 endogenous 7 aβ
7 aβ 8 on
7 aβ 10 and
8 on 9 plasticity
10 and 11 memory
12 was 13 likely
13 likely 15 to
14 due 15 to
15 to 30 and
16 regulation 17 of
16 regulation 30 and
17 of 21 activation
18 transmitter 21 activation
19 release 21 activation
21 activation 22 of
21 activation 25 containing
22 of 23 α7
24 - 25 containing
25 containing 28 receptors
25 containing 29 ,
26 nicotinic 27 acetylcholine
27 acetylcholine 28 receptors
29 , 30 and
30 and 32 production
31 aβ₄₂ 32 production

interpretation : endogenous aβ₄₂ is a critical player in synaptic plasticity and memory within the normal central nervous system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aβ₄₂
2 : 5 is
2 : 20 .
3 endogenous 4 aβ₄₂
4 aβ₄₂ 5 is
5 is 8 player
6 a 7 critical
6 a 8 player
7 critical 8 player
8 player 9 in
8 player 14 within
9 in 12 and
10 synaptic 11 plasticity
11 plasticity 12 and
12 and 13 memory
14 within 19 system
15 the 19 system
16 normal 19 system
17 central 19 system
18 nervous 19 system

this needs to be taken into consideration when designing therapies aiming at reducing aβ levels to treat alzheimer disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 needs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 needs
2 needs 3 to
2 needs 5 taken
3 to 4 be
4 be 5 taken
5 taken 6 into
5 taken 8 when
5 taken 16 to
6 into 7 consideration
8 when 9 designing
8 when 15 levels
9 designing 10 therapies
9 designing 12 at
9 designing 15 levels
10 therapies 11 aiming
12 at 13 reducing
13 reducing 14 aβ
16 to 17 treat
17 treat 19 disease
18 alzheimer 19 disease

this study investigated the effects of age and inactivity due to being chronically bedridden on atrophy of trunk muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 investigated
3 investigated 5 effects
4 the 5 effects
5 effects 6 of
5 effects 10 due
6 of 8 and
7 age 8 and
8 and 9 inactivity
10 due 11 to
11 to 12 being
12 being 14 bedridden
13 chronically 14 bedridden
14 bedridden 15 on
15 on 16 atrophy
16 atrophy 17 of
17 of 19 muscles
18 trunk 19 muscles

the subjects comprised 33 young women ( young group [ )(and 41 elderly women who resided in nursing homes or chronic care institutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comprised
1 the 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 comprised
3 comprised 6 women
4 33 6 women
5 young 6 women
6 women 20 or
7 ( 20 or
8 young 9 group
9 group 11 )(and
11 )(and 14 women
11 )(and 15 who
11 )(and 16 resided
11 )(and 20 or
12 41 14 women
13 elderly 14 women
15 who 16 resided
16 resided 17 in
17 in 18 nursing
18 nursing 19 homes
20 or 23 institutions
20 or 24 .
21 chronic 22 care
22 care 23 institutions

the elderly subjects were divided into two groups : independent elderly group [who] [were] able to perform activities of daily living involving walking independently ( n = 28 ) and dependent elderly group who were chronically bedridden ( n = 13 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 :
1 the 3 subjects
2 elderly 3 subjects
3 subjects 4 were
4 were 5 divided
5 divided 6 into
6 into 8 groups
7 two 8 groups
9 : 30 and
9 : 43 .
10 independent 12 group
11 elderly 12 group
12 group 15 able
12 group 19 of
12 group 30 and
15 able 16 to
15 able 17 perform
16 to 17 perform
17 perform 18 activities
19 of 21 living
20 daily 21 living
21 living 22 involving
22 involving 23 walking
23 walking 24 independently
23 walking 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 n 27 =
27 = 28 28
27 = 29 )
30 and 33 group
30 and 34 who
30 and 35 were
31 dependent 33 group
32 elderly 33 group
34 who 35 were
35 were 37 bedridden
36 chronically 37 bedridden
37 bedridden 40 =
38 ( 40 =
39 n 40 =
40 = 41 13
40 = 42 )

the thickness of the following six trunk muscles was measured by b - mode ultrasound : the rectus abdominis , external oblique , internal oblique , transversus abdominis , thoracic erector spinae ( longissimus [ )(and lumbar multifidus muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thickness
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 -
1 the 2 thickness
2 thickness 3 of
2 thickness 9 was
3 of 8 muscles
4 the 5 following
4 the 8 muscles
6 six 7 trunk
7 trunk 8 muscles
9 was 10 measured
10 measured 11 by
11 by 12 b
13 - 15 ultrasound
13 - 16 :
14 mode 15 ultrasound
15 ultrasound 16 :
16 : 19 abdominis
17 the 19 abdominis
18 rectus 19 abdominis
19 abdominis 32 spinae
20 , 32 spinae
21 external 31 erector
22 oblique 23 ,
22 oblique 31 erector
24 internal 31 erector
25 oblique 28 abdominis
25 oblique 29 ,
25 oblique 31 erector
26 , 28 abdominis
27 transversus 28 abdominis
28 abdominis 29 ,
30 thoracic 31 erector
31 erector 32 spinae
32 spinae 36 )(and
32 spinae 40 .
33 ( 36 )(and
34 longissimus 36 )(and
36 )(and 39 muscles
36 )(and 40 .
37 lumbar 38 multifidus
38 multifidus 39 muscles

all muscles except for the transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles were significantly thinner in the independent elderly group compared with those in the young group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 muscles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 all 2 muscles
2 muscles 3 except
2 muscles 12 were
3 except 4 for
4 for 8 and
5 the 7 abdominis
6 transversus 7 abdominis
7 abdominis 8 and
8 and 11 muscles
9 lumbar 11 muscles
10 multifidus 11 muscles
12 were 14 thinner
13 significantly 14 thinner
14 thinner 15 in
14 thinner 23 in
15 in 19 group
16 the 19 group
17 independent 19 group
18 elderly 19 group
19 group 20 compared
19 group 21 with
21 with 22 those
23 in 26 group
24 the 26 group
25 young 26 group

the thicknesses of all muscles in the dependent elderly group [was] significantly smaller than that in the young group , whereas there were no differences between the dependent elderly and independent elderly groups in the muscle thicknesses of the rectus abdominis and internal oblique muscles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 thicknesses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 group
1 the 2 thicknesses
2 thicknesses 3 of
2 thicknesses 16 in
2 thicknesses 19 group
3 of 5 muscles
4 all 5 muscles
5 muscles 6 in
6 in 10 group
7 the 10 group
8 dependent 10 group
9 elderly 10 group
10 group 13 smaller
12 significantly 13 smaller
13 smaller 14 than
14 than 15 that
16 in 18 young
17 the 18 young
19 group 21 whereas
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 22 there
21 whereas 23 were
21 whereas 46 .
22 there 23 were
23 were 25 differences
23 were 26 between
24 no 25 differences
26 between 33 groups
27 the 33 groups
28 dependent 33 groups
29 elderly 30 and
30 and 31 independent
30 and 33 groups
32 elderly 33 groups
33 groups 34 in
33 groups 38 of
34 in 37 thicknesses
35 the 37 thicknesses
36 muscle 37 thicknesses
38 of 42 and
39 the 41 abdominis
40 rectus 41 abdominis
41 abdominis 42 and
42 and 45 muscles
43 internal 45 muscles
44 oblique 45 muscles

in conclusion , our results [suggest] that : ( 1 ) age - related atrophy compared with young women was less in the deep antigravity trunk muscles than the superficial muscles in the independent elderly women [;] ( 2 ) atrophy associated with chronic bed rest was more marked in the antigravity muscles , such as the back and transversus abdominis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 results
3 , 12 age
3 , 13 -
4 our 5 results
5 results 7 that
5 results 8 :
5 results 10 1
5 results 12 age
7 that 8 :
9 ( 10 1
10 1 11 )
13 - 15 atrophy
14 related 15 atrophy
15 atrophy 16 compared
15 atrophy 17 with
15 atrophy 20 was
17 with 19 women
18 young 19 women
20 was 21 less
20 was 22 in
20 was 28 than
22 in 27 muscles
23 the 27 muscles
24 deep 27 muscles
25 antigravity 26 trunk
26 trunk 27 muscles
28 than 31 muscles
29 the 31 muscles
30 superficial 31 muscles
31 muscles 32 in
31 muscles 41 atrophy
31 muscles 42 associated
32 in 36 women
33 the 36 women
34 independent 36 women
35 elderly 36 women
36 women 39 2
38 ( 39 2
39 2 40 )
41 atrophy 42 associated
42 associated 43 with
43 with 45 bed
43 with 49 marked
44 chronic 45 bed
45 bed 46 rest
45 bed 47 was
46 rest 47 was
47 was 48 more
49 marked 50 in
50 in 53 muscles
51 the 53 muscles
52 antigravity 53 muscles
53 muscles 56 as
54 , 56 as
55 such 56 as
56 as 61 abdominis
56 as 62 .
57 the 58 back
58 back 59 and
59 and 60 transversus
59 and 61 abdominis

the maintenance of genome stability is critical for the suppression of cancer and premature ageing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maintenance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 the 2 maintenance
2 maintenance 3 of
2 maintenance 6 is
3 of 5 stability
4 genome 5 stability
6 is 7 critical
7 critical 8 for
8 for 10 suppression
9 the 10 suppression
10 suppression 11 of
11 of 13 and
12 cancer 13 and
13 and 15 ageing
14 premature 15 ageing

the maintenance of the human genome requires hundreds of proteins involved in dna repair , dna replication , chromosome segregation and cell cycle checkpoint responses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 maintenance
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 maintenance
2 maintenance 3 of
2 maintenance 7 requires
3 of 6 genome
4 the 6 genome
5 human 6 genome
7 requires 10 proteins
7 requires 12 in
8 hundreds 9 of
8 hundreds 10 proteins
9 of 10 proteins
10 proteins 11 involved
12 in 21 and
13 dna 14 repair
14 repair 15 ,
15 , 17 replication
15 , 18 ,
16 dna 17 replication
18 , 20 segregation
18 , 21 and
19 chromosome 20 segregation
21 and 25 responses
22 cell 25 responses
23 cycle 25 responses
24 checkpoint 25 responses

a number [of] genetic disorders exist in man where a breakdown in genome maintenance is associated with cancer [predisposition] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 number
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 a 2 number
2 number 5 disorders
2 number 7 in
2 number 8 man
2 number 16 associated
4 genetic 5 disorders
5 disorders 6 exist
6 exist 7 in
8 man 9 where
9 where 11 breakdown
9 where 15 is
10 a 11 breakdown
11 breakdown 12 in
11 breakdown 15 is
12 in 14 maintenance
13 genome 14 maintenance
16 associated 17 with
17 with 18 cancer

amongst these are bloom ['s] [syndrome] ( bs ) and fanconi anaemia ( fa ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 amongst
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 amongst 2 these
1 amongst 3 are
3 are 10 and
4 bloom 8 bs
7 ( 8 bs
8 bs 9 )
8 bs 10 and
10 and 12 anaemia
10 and 14 fa
11 fanconi 12 anaemia
13 ( 14 fa
14 fa 15 )

the bs and fa gene products co - operate in the repair of damaged dna . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 products
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 co
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 the 6 products
2 bs 3 and
3 and 4 fa
4 fa 6 products
5 gene 6 products
6 products 7 co
8 - 9 operate
8 - 16 .
9 operate 10 in
10 in 12 repair
11 the 12 repair
12 repair 13 of
13 of 15 dna
14 damaged 15 dna

in this review , we focus on interactions between bs and fa proteins that specifically occur during chromosome segregation in mitosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 review
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 review
5 we 6 focus
6 focus 7 on
6 focus 9 between
6 focus 17 during
6 focus 20 in
7 on 8 interactions
9 between 13 proteins
10 bs 11 and
11 and 12 fa
12 fa 13 proteins
13 proteins 14 that
13 proteins 16 occur
14 that 16 occur
15 specifically 16 occur
17 during 19 segregation
18 chromosome 19 segregation
20 in 21 mitosis

the bs protein , blm , was shown recently to define a novel class of anaphase dna bridge structures that , in some cases , also contain fa proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 protein
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 3 protein
2 bs 3 protein
3 protein 5 blm
3 protein 7 was
4 , 5 blm
5 blm 6 ,
7 was 8 shown
8 shown 10 to
9 recently 10 to
10 to 11 define
11 define 14 class
12 a 13 novel
12 a 14 class
13 novel 14 class
14 class 15 of
15 of 19 structures
16 anaphase 19 structures
17 dna 18 bridge
18 bridge 19 structures
19 structures 20 that
19 structures 27 contain
20 that 22 in
20 that 27 contain
21 , 22 in
22 in 24 cases
22 in 25 ,
23 some 24 cases
26 also 27 contain
27 contain 29 proteins
28 fa 29 proteins

we will discuss the possible source of these bridges and the role that fa proteins and blm might play in their removal . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 we 2 will
2 will 3 discuss
3 discuss 6 source
4 the 6 source
5 possible 6 source
6 source 7 of
7 of 10 and
8 these 9 bridges
9 bridges 10 and
10 and 12 role
10 and 13 that
10 and 19 play
11 the 12 role
13 that 16 and
13 that 19 play
14 fa 15 proteins
15 proteins 16 and
16 and 17 blm
16 and 18 might
18 might 19 play
19 play 20 in
20 in 22 removal
21 their 22 removal

dispositional optimism and other positive personality traits have been associated with longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 dispositional 2 optimism
2 optimism 3 and
3 and 7 traits
3 and 8 have
4 other 7 traits
5 positive 6 personality
6 personality 7 traits
8 have 9 been
9 been 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 longevity

using a familial approach , we investigated the relationship between parental longevity and offspring ['s] dispositional optimism [among] community - dwelling older subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
1 using 4 approach
1 using 5 ,
1 using 6 we
2 a 3 familial
2 a 4 approach
3 familial 4 approach
6 we 7 investigated
7 investigated 9 relationship
7 investigated 10 between
8 the 9 relationship
10 between 13 and
11 parental 12 longevity
12 longevity 13 and
13 and 19 community
14 offspring 19 community
16 dispositional 17 optimism
17 optimism 19 community
20 - 23 subjects
20 - 24 .
21 dwelling 23 subjects
22 older 23 subjects

parental age of death was assessed using structured questionnaires in two different population - based samples : the leiden longevity study [(] [n] = 1,252 , 52.2 % female , mean age 66 years , [sd] = 4 ) and the alpha omega trial ( n = 769 , 22.8 % female , mean age 69 years , [sd] = 6 ) . 
1 parental 2 age
1 parental 5 was
1 parental 6 assessed
2 age 3 of
2 age 5 was
3 of 4 death
6 assessed 7 using
6 assessed 17 :
7 using 9 questionnaires
7 using 10 in
7 using 17 :
8 structured 9 questionnaires
10 in 11 two
11 two 13 population
11 two 16 samples
12 different 13 population
13 population 15 based
13 population 16 samples
14 - 15 based
17 : 21 study
18 the 21 study
19 leiden 20 longevity
20 longevity 21 study
21 study 25 1,252
21 study 31 mean
24 = 25 1,252
25 1,252 29 female
25 1,252 31 mean
26 , 29 female
27 52.2 29 female
28 % 29 female
29 female 30 ,
31 mean 40 and
32 age 34 years
33 66 34 years
34 years 38 4
34 years 40 and
35 , 38 4
37 = 38 4
38 4 39 )
40 and 44 trial
40 and 47 =
40 and 52 female
41 the 44 trial
42 alpha 43 omega
43 omega 44 trial
45 ( 47 =
46 n 47 =
47 = 48 769
49 , 52 female
50 22.8 51 %
51 % 52 female
52 female 57 years
52 female 63 .
53 , 57 years
54 mean 55 age
55 age 57 years
56 69 57 years
57 years 61 6
57 years 63 .
58 , 61 6
60 = 61 6
61 6 62 )

adult offspring ['s] dispositional optimism was assessed with the life orientation test - revised ( lot - r ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 optimism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 adult 5 optimism
2 offspring 5 optimism
4 dispositional 5 optimism
5 optimism 6 was
6 was 7 assessed
7 assessed 8 with
7 assessed 14 revised
8 with 12 test
9 the 12 test
10 life 11 orientation
11 orientation 12 test
13 - 14 revised
14 revised 17 -
14 revised 19 )
15 ( 17 -
16 lot 17 -
17 - 18 r
17 - 19 )

the association between parental age of death and levels of optimism in the offspring was analysed using linear regression analysis within each sample and a meta - analysis for the overall effect . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 analysed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 between
2 association 6 of
2 association 10 of
2 association 15 was
3 between 5 age
4 parental 5 age
6 of 8 and
7 death 8 and
8 and 9 levels
10 of 11 optimism
11 optimism 12 in
12 in 14 offspring
13 the 14 offspring
15 was 16 analysed
16 analysed 17 using
16 analysed 21 within
16 analysed 29 for
17 using 20 analysis
18 linear 19 regression
19 regression 20 analysis
21 within 24 and
22 each 23 sample
23 sample 24 and
24 and 28 analysis
25 a 26 meta
25 a 28 analysis
26 meta 27 -
26 meta 28 analysis
29 for 32 effect
30 the 32 effect
31 overall 32 effect

in both samples , the parental mean age of death was positively associated with optimism scores of the offspring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 samples
1 in 4 ,
1 in 8 age
2 both 3 samples
5 the 8 age
6 parental 8 age
7 mean 8 age
8 age 9 of
8 age 11 was
9 of 10 death
11 was 13 associated
12 positively 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 scores
15 optimism 16 scores
16 scores 17 of
17 of 19 offspring
18 the 19 offspring

the association remained significant after adjustment for age , gender , living arrangement , body mass index , smoking status , education and self - rated health of the offspring . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 association
2 association 3 remained
3 remained 4 significant
4 significant 5 after
5 after 23 and
5 after 26 rated
6 adjustment 7 for
6 adjustment 9 ,
7 for 8 age
9 , 10 gender
9 , 11 ,
11 , 13 arrangement
11 , 14 ,
12 living 13 arrangement
14 , 17 index
14 , 18 ,
15 body 16 mass
16 mass 17 index
18 , 20 status
18 , 21 ,
19 smoking 20 status
21 , 22 education
21 , 23 and
23 and 24 self
23 and 25 -
23 and 26 rated
26 rated 27 health
27 health 28 of
28 of 30 offspring
29 the 30 offspring

the pooled [b] coefficient ( [increase] in lot - [r] score [per] 10 - year increase [in] parental mean age of death ) was 0.30 ( se [=] 0.08 , p < 0.001 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 coefficient
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 was
1 the 4 coefficient
2 pooled 4 coefficient
4 coefficient 7 in
4 coefficient 20 age
4 coefficient 24 was
5 ( 7 in
7 in 8 lot
7 in 14 -
8 lot 11 score
9 - 11 score
11 score 13 10
11 score 14 -
14 - 20 age
15 year 20 age
16 increase 20 age
18 parental 19 mean
19 mean 20 age
20 age 21 of
20 age 23 )
21 of 22 death
24 was 25 0.30
25 0.30 27 se
26 ( 27 se
27 se 29 0.08
27 se 32 <
27 se 35 .
30 , 32 <
31 p 32 <
32 < 33 0.001
32 < 34 )

in conclusion , parental longevity was positively associated with optimism in adult offspring , suggesting a partial linked heritability of longevity and optimism . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 conclusion
3 , 5 longevity
3 , 8 associated
4 parental 5 longevity
5 longevity 6 was
6 was 7 positively
6 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 11 in
9 with 10 optimism
11 in 13 offspring
12 adult 13 offspring
13 offspring 15 suggesting
14 , 15 suggesting
15 suggesting 19 heritability
15 suggesting 24 .
16 a 17 partial
16 a 19 heritability
17 partial 19 heritability
18 linked 19 heritability
19 heritability 20 of
20 of 22 and
21 longevity 22 and
22 and 23 optimism

the epidemiology of iatrogenic disease in the elderly has not been extensively reported . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 epidemiology
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 2 epidemiology
2 epidemiology 3 of
2 epidemiology 9 has
3 of 5 disease
4 iatrogenic 5 disease
5 disease 6 in
6 in 8 elderly
7 the 8 elderly
9 has 10 not
9 has 11 been
11 been 13 reported
12 extensively 13 reported

risk factors of iatrogenic disease in the elderly [are] drug - induced iatrogenic disease , multiple chronic diseases , multiple physicians , hospitalization , and medical or surgical procedures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 risk 2 factors
2 factors 3 of
2 factors 25 and
3 of 5 disease
4 iatrogenic 5 disease
5 disease 6 in
6 in 10 drug
7 the 10 drug
8 elderly 10 drug
10 drug 14 disease
10 drug 18 diseases
11 - 14 disease
12 induced 14 disease
13 iatrogenic 14 disease
14 disease 15 ,
15 , 18 diseases
16 multiple 18 diseases
17 chronic 18 diseases
18 diseases 21 physicians
18 diseases 23 hospitalization
18 diseases 24 ,
19 , 21 physicians
20 multiple 21 physicians
21 physicians 22 ,
22 , 23 hospitalization
23 hospitalization 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 29 procedures
26 medical 27 or
27 or 28 surgical
27 or 29 procedures

iatrogenic disease can have a great psychomotor impact and important social consequences . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 iatrogenic 2 disease
2 disease 3 can
3 can 4 have
4 have 9 and
5 a 6 great
5 a 8 impact
6 great 7 psychomotor
7 psychomotor 8 impact
8 impact 9 and
9 and 12 consequences
10 important 12 consequences
11 social 12 consequences

to [identify] patients at high risk is the first step in prevention as most of the iatrogenic diseases are preventable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 to 3 patients
1 to 7 is
3 patients 4 at
4 at 6 risk
5 high 6 risk
7 is 10 step
7 is 20 preventable
8 the 9 first
8 the 10 step
10 step 11 in
10 step 13 as
11 in 12 prevention
13 as 14 most
14 most 15 of
14 most 18 diseases
14 most 19 are
15 of 17 iatrogenic
16 the 17 iatrogenic
18 diseases 19 are

interventions that can prevent iatrogenic complications include specific interventions , the use of a geriatric interdisciplinary team , pharmacist consultation and acute care for the elderly units . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interventions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 interventions 2 that
1 interventions 3 can
1 interventions 7 include
2 that 3 can
3 can 4 prevent
4 prevent 6 complications
5 iatrogenic 6 complications
7 include 9 interventions
8 specific 9 interventions
10 , 21 and
11 the 12 use
12 use 13 of
12 use 18 ,
13 of 17 team
14 a 17 team
15 geriatric 17 team
16 interdisciplinary 17 team
18 , 20 consultation
18 , 21 and
19 pharmacist 20 consultation
21 and 23 care
21 and 24 for
22 acute 23 care
24 for 27 units
25 the 27 units
26 elderly 27 units

purpose : to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and investigate relationships among body composition , muscle strength , and physical function in elderly women in low - level aged care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 9 and
2 : 31 .
3 to 9 and
4 determine 6 prevalence
4 determine 9 and
5 the 6 prevalence
6 prevalence 7 of
7 of 8 sarcopenia
9 and 10 investigate
9 and 12 among
9 and 22 in
9 and 30 care
10 investigate 11 relationships
12 among 19 and
13 body 14 composition
14 composition 15 ,
15 , 17 strength
15 , 19 and
16 muscle 17 strength
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 function
20 physical 21 function
22 in 24 women
23 elderly 24 women
24 women 25 in
25 in 28 level
26 low 27 -
26 low 28 level
29 aged 30 care

body composition data from a female reference group ( n = 62 , mean age 29 years ) provided cut [-] off values for defining sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 body 2 composition
2 composition 3 data
3 data 4 from
3 data 19 provided
3 data 20 cut
4 from 8 group
5 a 6 female
5 a 8 group
6 female 7 reference
7 reference 8 group
8 group 11 =
8 group 17 years
9 ( 11 =
10 n 11 =
11 = 12 62
11 = 13 ,
13 , 17 years
14 mean 17 years
15 age 17 years
16 29 17 years
17 years 18 )
20 cut 22 off
20 cut 23 values
20 cut 24 for
24 for 25 defining
25 defining 26 sarcopenia

results : elderly women had higher [body] mass [index] ( p < 0.001 ) , lower lean [mass] ( p < 0.001 ) , and higher fat [mass] ( p < 0.01 ) than the young reference group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 elderly
3 elderly 4 women
3 elderly 5 had
4 women 5 had
5 had 6 higher
5 had 8 mass
8 mass 12 <
10 ( 12 <
11 p 12 <
12 < 13 0.001
12 < 14 )
15 , 16 lower
16 lower 27 fat
16 lower 34 than
17 lean 21 <
17 lean 25 and
19 ( 21 <
20 p 21 <
21 < 22 0.001
21 < 23 )
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 higher
25 and 27 fat
27 fat 31 <
29 ( 31 <
30 p 31 <
31 < 32 0.01
31 < 33 )
34 than 38 group
35 the 38 group
36 young 37 reference
37 reference 38 group

only a small proportion ( 3.2 % ) had absolute sarcopenia ( defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height squared ) whereas 37 % had relative sarcopenia class ii ( defined by percentage skeletal muscle [mass] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 only 4 proportion
2 a 3 small
2 a 4 proportion
3 small 4 proportion
4 proportion 7 %
4 proportion 9 had
5 ( 7 %
6 3.2 7 %
7 % 8 )
9 had 11 sarcopenia
9 had 13 defined
9 had 21 whereas
10 absolute 11 sarcopenia
12 ( 13 defined
13 defined 14 by
13 defined 20 )
14 by 18 mass/height
15 appendicular 17 muscle
16 skeletal 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 mass/height
18 mass/height 19 squared
21 whereas 23 %
21 whereas 24 had
22 37 23 %
23 % 24 had
24 had 27 class
24 had 30 defined
25 relative 27 class
26 sarcopenia 27 class
27 class 28 ii
29 ( 30 defined
30 defined 31 by
30 defined 36 )
31 by 34 muscle
32 percentage 34 muscle
33 skeletal 34 muscle

scores for tug and ws indicated relatively poor physical function , yet these measures were not associated with muscle [mass] or indices of sarcopenia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 function
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 scores 2 for
1 scores 4 and
2 for 3 tug
4 and 5 ws
5 ws 6 indicated
6 indicated 10 function
7 relatively 8 poor
8 poor 10 function
9 physical 10 function
11 , 12 yet
11 , 15 were
12 yet 14 measures
13 these 14 measures
14 measures 15 were
15 were 16 not
15 were 18 with
16 not 17 associated
18 with 21 or
19 muscle 21 or
21 or 22 indices
21 or 23 of
23 of 24 sarcopenia

in multivariate analysis , only hip abductor strength predicted both tug and ws ( [both] p = 0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 only
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 in 3 analysis
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 only
2 multivariate 3 analysis
5 only 8 strength
6 hip 7 abductor
7 abductor 8 strength
8 strength 9 predicted
9 predicted 12 and
10 both 12 and
11 tug 12 and
12 and 13 ws
12 and 17 =
14 ( 17 =
16 p 17 =
17 = 18 0.01
17 = 19 )

conclusion : hip strength is a more important indicator of physical functioning than lean mass . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 strength
2 : 5 is
2 : 16 .
3 hip 4 strength
4 strength 5 is
5 is 9 indicator
5 is 13 than
6 a 9 indicator
7 more 8 important
8 important 9 indicator
9 indicator 10 of
10 of 12 functioning
11 physical 12 functioning
13 than 15 mass
14 lean 15 mass

measurement of hip strength may therefore be a useful screening tool to detect those at risk of functional decline [and] requirement for additional care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 measurement
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 measurement 2 of
1 measurement 5 may
2 of 4 strength
3 hip 4 strength
5 may 7 be
6 therefore 7 be
7 be 11 tool
7 be 12 to
8 a 11 tool
9 useful 11 tool
10 screening 11 tool
12 to 13 detect
13 detect 14 those
13 detect 15 at
15 at 16 risk
16 risk 17 of
16 risk 22 for
17 of 21 requirement
18 functional 19 decline
19 decline 21 requirement
22 for 24 care
23 additional 24 care

further longitudinal studies with a range of other strength measures are warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 further 3 studies
2 longitudinal 3 studies
3 studies 4 with
3 studies 11 are
4 with 6 range
5 a 6 range
6 range 7 of
7 of 10 measures
8 other 10 measures
9 strength 10 measures
11 are 12 warranted

clinical question : is there evidence that hip protectors and vitamin d with calcium supplementation reduce hip fractures in the elderly ? 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 ?
1 clinical 2 question
3 : 4 is
4 is 5 there
4 is 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 10 and
7 that 16 reduce
8 hip 9 protectors
9 protectors 10 and
10 and 11 vitamin
10 and 13 with
10 and 16 reduce
11 vitamin 12 d
13 with 15 supplementation
14 calcium 15 supplementation
16 reduce 18 fractures
16 reduce 19 in
17 hip 18 fractures
19 in 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly

results : the results are that vitamin d and calcium supplementation [reduce] incidence of hip fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 are
2 : 17 .
3 the 4 results
4 results 5 are
5 are 9 and
6 that 9 and
7 vitamin 8 d
7 vitamin 9 and
9 and 13 incidence
9 and 14 of
10 calcium 13 incidence
11 supplementation 13 incidence
14 of 16 fractures
15 hip 16 fractures

hip protectors provide some benefit in reducing hip fractures in elderly patients in residential facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 protectors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 hip 2 protectors
2 protectors 3 provide
3 provide 5 benefit
3 provide 6 in
3 provide 10 in
3 provide 13 in
4 some 5 benefit
6 in 7 reducing
7 reducing 9 fractures
8 hip 9 fractures
10 in 12 patients
11 elderly 12 patients
13 in 15 facilities
14 residential 15 facilities

implementation : primary care providers should assess patients for the risk [of] hip fracture and consider using hip protectors and nutritional supplementation in selected individuals to prevent fractures . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 implementation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 consider
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
2 : 3 primary
3 primary 5 providers
3 primary 16 consider
4 care 5 providers
5 providers 6 should
6 should 15 and
7 assess 8 patients
7 assess 9 for
7 assess 15 and
9 for 14 fracture
10 the 14 fracture
11 risk 14 fracture
13 hip 14 fracture
15 and 16 consider
16 consider 17 using
16 consider 23 in
16 consider 26 to
16 consider 27 prevent
17 using 20 and
18 hip 19 protectors
19 protectors 20 and
20 and 22 supplementation
21 nutritional 22 supplementation
23 in 25 individuals
24 selected 25 individuals
26 to 27 prevent
27 prevent 28 fractures

alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder , originating sporadically in the population aged over 65 years , and advanced age is the principal risk factor leading to ad development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 disease
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 alzheimer 2 's
2 's 3 disease
3 disease 5 ad
3 disease 7 is
4 ( 5 ad
5 ad 6 )
7 is 12 disorder
8 the 12 disorder
9 most 10 common
10 common 12 disorder
11 neurodegenerative 12 disorder
12 disorder 14 originating
13 , 14 originating
14 originating 15 sporadically
14 originating 16 in
14 originating 20 over
14 originating 23 ,
16 in 18 population
17 the 18 population
18 population 19 aged
20 over 22 years
21 65 22 years
24 and 26 age
24 and 27 is
25 advanced 26 age
26 age 27 is
27 is 32 leading
28 the 32 leading
29 principal 32 leading
30 risk 32 leading
31 factor 32 leading
32 leading 33 to
33 to 35 development
34 ad 35 development

in spite of the large amount of research going on around the globe and all the information now available about ad [,] there is still no origin or triggering process known so far . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 still
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 in 14 and
1 in 25 still
2 spite 3 of
2 spite 14 and
3 of 8 research
4 the 6 amount
5 large 6 amount
6 amount 7 of
6 amount 8 research
7 of 8 research
8 research 9 going
9 going 10 on
9 going 11 around
11 around 13 globe
12 the 13 globe
14 and 15 all
14 and 17 information
14 and 24 is
16 the 17 information
17 information 18 now
17 information 19 available
17 information 24 is
19 available 20 about
19 available 23 there
20 about 21 ad
25 still 28 or
25 still 33 far
26 no 27 origin
27 origin 28 or
28 or 30 process
28 or 31 known
29 triggering 30 process
32 so 33 far

drugs approved for the treatment of ad include tacrine , donepezil , rivastigmine , galantamine , and memantine . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 drugs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 drugs 2 approved
1 drugs 3 for
1 drugs 8 include
3 for 5 treatment
4 the 5 treatment
5 treatment 6 of
6 of 7 ad
8 include 17 and
9 tacrine 10 ,
10 , 11 donepezil
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 rivastigmine
12 , 14 ,
14 , 15 galantamine
14 , 17 and
16 , 17 and
17 and 18 memantine

these may delay or slow down the degenerative process for a while , but they can neither stop nor reverse its progression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 these 4 or
2 may 3 delay
2 may 4 or
4 or 5 slow
5 slow 6 down
5 slow 9 process
7 the 9 process
8 degenerative 9 process
9 process 10 for
10 for 12 while
11 a 12 while
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 they
14 but 19 nor
15 they 16 can
16 can 19 nor
17 neither 18 stop
18 stop 19 nor
19 nor 20 reverse
20 reverse 22 progression
21 its 22 progression

because that this might be due to a lack of effect of these drugs on degenerating neurons , even when they are able to potentiate the brain in nondegenerative conditions , we propose here an alternative therapy consisting of initial repair of neuronal membranes followed by conventional drug therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 because
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 because 2 that
2 that 3 this
2 that 5 be
3 this 4 might
4 might 5 be
5 be 7 to
5 be 15 on
6 due 7 to
7 to 9 lack
8 a 9 lack
9 lack 10 of
10 of 11 effect
11 effect 12 of
12 of 14 drugs
13 these 14 drugs
15 on 17 neurons
16 degenerating 17 neurons
18 , 32 we
18 , 33 propose
19 even 20 when
19 even 32 we
20 when 21 they
20 when 22 are
21 they 22 are
22 are 23 able
23 able 24 to
24 to 25 potentiate
25 potentiate 27 brain
26 the 27 brain
28 in 30 conditions
28 in 31 ,
28 in 32 we
29 nondegenerative 30 conditions
32 we 33 propose
33 propose 34 here
33 propose 36 alternative
35 an 36 alternative
36 alternative 37 therapy
36 alternative 45 followed
37 therapy 38 consisting
37 therapy 42 of
37 therapy 45 followed
38 consisting 39 of
39 of 41 repair
40 initial 41 repair
42 of 44 membranes
43 neuronal 44 membranes
45 followed 46 by
46 by 49 therapies
47 conventional 48 drug
48 drug 49 therapies

the rehabilitation of neurons in a degeneration process would enable the drugs to act more effectively on them and improve the effects of treatment in ad patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rehabilitation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 enable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 rehabilitation
2 rehabilitation 3 of
2 rehabilitation 5 in
2 rehabilitation 9 would
3 of 4 neurons
5 in 8 process
6 a 7 degeneration
6 a 8 process
7 degeneration 8 process
9 would 10 enable
10 enable 12 drugs
10 enable 13 to
10 enable 19 and
11 the 12 drugs
13 to 19 and
14 act 16 effectively
14 act 17 on
14 act 19 and
15 more 16 effectively
17 on 18 them
19 and 20 improve
19 and 27 patients
20 improve 22 effects
20 improve 25 in
21 the 22 effects
22 effects 23 of
23 of 24 treatment
25 in 26 ad

objective : to describe a practical method for family practitioners to stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) by the use of office spirometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 describe
2 : 26 .
3 to 4 describe
4 describe 7 method
4 describe 11 to
5 a 6 practical
5 a 7 method
6 practical 7 method
7 method 8 for
8 for 10 practitioners
9 family 10 practitioners
11 to 12 stage
12 stage 16 disease
12 stage 20 by
13 chronic 16 disease
14 obstructive 16 disease
15 pulmonary 16 disease
16 disease 18 copd
17 ( 18 copd
18 copd 19 )
20 by 22 use
21 the 22 use
22 use 23 of
23 of 25 spirometry
24 office 25 spirometry

methods : this is a review of the lessons learned from evaluations of the use of office spirometry in the primary care setting to identify best practices using the most recent published evaluations of office spirometry and the analysis of preliminary data from a recent spirometry mass screening project . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
2 : 3 this
2 : 4 is
3 this 4 is
4 is 6 review
5 a 6 review
6 review 7 of
6 review 11 from
7 of 9 lessons
8 the 9 lessons
9 lessons 10 learned
11 from 12 evaluations
12 evaluations 13 of
12 evaluations 16 of
13 of 15 use
14 the 15 use
16 of 18 spirometry
17 office 18 spirometry
18 spirometry 19 in
18 spirometry 28 using
19 in 22 care
20 the 22 care
21 primary 22 care
22 care 23 setting
23 setting 24 to
24 to 25 identify
25 identify 26 best
25 identify 27 practices
28 using 37 and
29 the 37 and
30 most 31 recent
31 recent 33 evaluations
32 published 33 evaluations
33 evaluations 34 of
33 evaluations 37 and
34 of 36 spirometry
35 office 36 spirometry
37 and 39 analysis
37 and 40 of
38 the 39 analysis
40 of 42 data
41 preliminary 42 data
42 data 43 from
43 from 49 project
44 a 49 project
45 recent 49 project
46 spirometry 49 project
47 mass 49 project
48 screening 49 project

a mass screening study by the american association for respiratory care and the copd foundation was used to identify the most effective way for general practitioners to implement office spirometry in order to stage copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 a 4 study
2 mass 4 study
3 screening 4 study
4 study 5 by
4 study 16 was
5 by 12 and
6 the 8 association
7 american 8 association
8 association 9 for
8 association 12 and
9 for 11 care
10 respiratory 11 care
12 and 15 foundation
13 the 15 foundation
14 copd 15 foundation
16 was 17 used
17 used 18 to
17 used 19 identify
18 to 19 identify
19 identify 23 way
20 the 23 way
21 most 22 effective
22 effective 23 way
23 way 24 for
23 way 26 practitioners
23 way 34 stage
24 for 25 general
26 practitioners 27 to
26 practitioners 33 to
26 practitioners 34 stage
27 to 28 implement
28 implement 30 spirometry
28 implement 33 to
29 office 30 spirometry
30 spirometry 31 in
31 in 32 order
34 stage 35 copd

results : a simple [three] - step method is described to identify people with a high pre - test probability in an attempt to detect moderate to severe copd : copd questionnaire , measurement of peak expiratory flow , and office spirometry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 identify
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 7 step
3 a 4 simple
3 a 7 step
4 simple 6 -
4 simple 7 step
7 step 8 method
7 step 12 identify
8 method 9 is
9 is 10 described
10 described 11 to
11 to 12 identify
12 identify 13 people
12 identify 14 with
14 with 17 pre
15 a 17 pre
16 high 17 pre
17 pre 20 probability
18 - 20 probability
19 test 20 probability
20 probability 21 in
20 probability 26 moderate
20 probability 30 :
21 in 23 attempt
22 an 23 attempt
23 attempt 24 to
23 attempt 25 detect
24 to 25 detect
26 moderate 27 to
27 to 29 copd
28 severe 29 copd
30 : 32 questionnaire
30 : 33 ,
31 copd 32 questionnaire
33 , 40 and
33 , 42 spirometry
34 measurement 35 of
34 measurement 40 and
35 of 38 flow
36 peak 38 flow
37 expiratory 38 flow
39 , 40 and
40 and 41 office
40 and 42 spirometry

clinical practice guidelines exist for office spirometry basics for safety , use of electronic peak flow devices , and portable spirometers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 guidelines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 exist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 clinical 2 practice
2 practice 3 guidelines
3 guidelines 4 exist
4 exist 5 for
4 exist 9 for
5 for 8 basics
6 office 7 spirometry
7 spirometry 8 basics
9 for 10 safety
11 , 19 and
12 use 13 of
12 use 19 and
13 of 17 devices
14 electronic 17 devices
15 peak 17 devices
16 flow 17 devices
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 spirometers
20 portable 21 spirometers

conclusion : spirometry can be undertaken in primary care offices with acceptable levels of technical expertise . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 spirometry
2 : 6 undertaken
2 : 17 .
3 spirometry 4 can
4 can 5 be
5 be 6 undertaken
6 undertaken 7 in
6 undertaken 11 with
7 in 10 offices
8 primary 9 care
9 care 10 offices
11 with 13 levels
12 acceptable 13 levels
13 levels 14 of
14 of 16 expertise
15 technical 16 expertise

using office spirometry , primary care physicians can diagnose the presence and severity of copd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 physicians
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 diagnose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 using 3 spirometry
1 using 4 ,
1 using 7 physicians
2 office 3 spirometry
5 primary 7 physicians
6 care 7 physicians
7 physicians 8 can
8 can 9 diagnose
9 diagnose 12 and
10 the 11 presence
11 presence 12 and
12 and 13 severity
12 and 14 of
14 of 15 copd

spirometry can guide therapies for copd and predict outcomes when used in general practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 spirometry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 spirometry 2 can
2 can 7 and
3 guide 4 therapies
3 guide 7 and
4 therapies 5 for
5 for 6 copd
7 and 8 predict
8 predict 9 outcomes
8 predict 10 when
10 when 11 used
11 used 12 in
12 in 14 practice
13 general 14 practice

background : gerontological research aims at understanding factors that are crucial for mediating " successful aging " . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 5 aims
3 gerontological 5 aims
4 research 5 aims
5 aims 6 at
5 aims 12 for
6 at 7 understanding
7 understanding 8 factors
8 factors 9 that
8 factors 10 are
9 that 10 are
10 are 11 crucial
12 for 13 mediating
13 mediating 14 "
13 mediating 16 aging
15 successful 16 aging
16 aging 17 "

this term denotes the absence of significant disease and disabilities , maintenance of high levels of physical and cognitive function , and preservation of social and productive activities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 term
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 denotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 term
2 term 3 denotes
3 denotes 5 absence
4 the 5 absence
5 absence 6 of
6 of 9 and
7 significant 8 disease
8 disease 9 and
9 and 10 disabilities
11 , 22 and
12 maintenance 13 of
12 maintenance 22 and
13 of 15 levels
14 high 15 levels
15 levels 16 of
16 of 18 and
17 physical 18 and
18 and 20 function
19 cognitive 20 function
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 preservation
22 and 24 of
24 of 28 activities
25 social 26 and
26 and 27 productive
26 and 28 activities

preservation of an active lifestyle is considered an effective means through which everyday competence can be attained . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 preservation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 preservation 2 of
1 preservation 6 is
2 of 5 lifestyle
3 an 4 active
3 an 5 lifestyle
4 active 5 lifestyle
6 is 7 considered
7 considered 10 means
8 an 9 effective
8 an 10 means
9 effective 10 means
10 means 11 through
11 through 12 which
11 through 14 competence
11 through 17 attained
13 everyday 14 competence
14 competence 15 can
15 can 16 be
16 be 17 attained

in this context , it is crucial to obtain ratings of modern [day] older adults ' everyday competence by means of appropriate assessments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 3 context
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 it
2 this 3 context
5 it 6 is
6 is 7 crucial
7 crucial 8 to
7 crucial 9 obtain
8 to 9 obtain
9 obtain 10 ratings
9 obtain 19 by
10 ratings 11 of
11 of 18 competence
12 modern 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
15 adults 16 '
16 ' 18 competence
17 everyday 18 competence
19 by 20 means
20 means 21 of
21 of 23 assessments
22 appropriate 23 assessments

here , we introduce the everyday competence questionnaire ( ecq ) , designed to assess healthy older adults ' everyday competence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 12 ,
4 introduce 10 ecq
4 introduce 12 ,
5 the 10 ecq
6 everyday 7 competence
7 competence 8 questionnaire
8 questionnaire 10 ecq
9 ( 10 ecq
10 ecq 11 )
12 , 13 designed
12 , 14 to
14 to 15 assess
15 assess 21 competence
16 healthy 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
18 adults 19 '
19 ' 21 competence
20 everyday 21 competence

methods : the ecq includes 17 items , covering housekeeping , leisure activities , sports , daily routines , manual skills , subjective well - being , and general linguistic usage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
2 : 4 ecq
2 : 5 includes
2 : 25 -
3 the 4 ecq
4 ecq 5 includes
5 includes 7 items
6 17 7 items
7 items 9 covering
7 items 13 activities
7 items 18 routines
8 , 9 covering
9 covering 10 housekeeping
9 covering 11 ,
11 , 13 activities
12 leisure 13 activities
13 activities 15 sports
13 activities 16 ,
14 , 15 sports
15 sports 16 ,
16 , 18 routines
17 daily 18 routines
18 routines 21 skills
18 routines 24 well
18 routines 25 -
19 , 21 skills
20 manual 21 skills
21 skills 22 ,
22 , 24 well
23 subjective 24 well
24 well 25 -
25 - 28 and
26 being 28 and
27 , 28 and
28 and 31 usage
29 general 31 usage
30 linguistic 31 usage

the ecq was administered to a population of 158 healthy subjects aged 60 - 91 years , who were divided into groups on the basis of their physical activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ecq
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 ecq
2 ecq 3 was
3 was 4 administered
4 administered 5 to
5 to 16 years
6 a 7 population
7 population 8 of
7 population 12 aged
8 of 11 subjects
9 158 11 subjects
10 healthy 11 subjects
12 aged 14 -
13 60 14 -
14 - 15 91
15 91 16 years
17 , 18 who
17 , 20 divided
18 who 19 were
19 were 20 divided
20 divided 21 into
20 divided 23 on
21 into 22 groups
23 on 25 basis
24 the 25 basis
25 basis 26 of
26 of 29 activity
27 their 29 activity
28 physical 29 activity

these groups were community [-] dwelling subjects , those living independently and [having] a sedentary lifestyle , those living independently [but] characterized by a general lifestyle without any noteworthy physical activity , and those living independently and exercising regularly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 groups
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
1 these 2 groups
2 groups 3 were
3 were 12 and
4 community 6 dwelling
6 dwelling 7 subjects
7 subjects 8 ,
8 , 9 those
8 , 12 and
9 those 10 living
10 living 11 independently
12 and 16 lifestyle
12 and 18 those
14 a 16 lifestyle
15 sedentary 16 lifestyle
17 , 18 those
18 those 19 living
18 those 22 characterized
18 those 40 .
20 independently 22 characterized
22 characterized 23 by
22 characterized 27 without
22 characterized 39 regularly
23 by 26 lifestyle
24 a 26 lifestyle
25 general 26 lifestyle
27 without 37 and
28 any 31 activity
29 noteworthy 31 activity
30 physical 31 activity
31 activity 33 and
32 , 33 and
33 and 34 those
33 and 35 living
33 and 37 and
35 living 36 independently
37 and 38 exercising

age , gender , and education levels were balanced between the groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 balanced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 age 2 ,
2 , 3 gender
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 7 levels
5 and 8 were
6 education 7 levels
8 were 9 balanced
9 balanced 10 between
10 between 12 groups
11 the 12 groups

results : using the ecq , we could [identify] and [distinguish] different everyday competence levels between the groups tested : subjects characterized by an active lifestyle outperformed all other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 we
2 : 8 could
2 : 10 and
2 : 20 :
3 using 5 ecq
3 using 6 ,
3 using 7 we
4 the 5 ecq
7 we 8 could
10 and 14 competence
10 and 15 levels
12 different 14 competence
13 everyday 14 competence
14 competence 15 levels
15 levels 16 between
16 between 18 groups
17 the 18 groups
18 groups 19 tested
20 : 21 subjects
20 : 27 outperformed
20 : 31 .
21 subjects 22 characterized
21 subjects 23 by
21 subjects 27 outperformed
23 by 26 lifestyle
24 an 26 lifestyle
25 active 26 lifestyle
27 outperformed 30 groups
28 all 29 other
29 other 30 groups

subjects characterized by a general lifestyle showed higher everyday competence than those with a sedentary lifestyle or subjects who needed care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 subjects 2 characterized
1 subjects 7 showed
2 characterized 3 by
3 by 6 lifestyle
4 a 5 general
4 a 6 lifestyle
5 general 6 lifestyle
7 showed 10 competence
7 showed 11 than
8 higher 10 competence
9 everyday 10 competence
11 than 17 or
12 those 13 with
12 those 17 or
13 with 16 lifestyle
14 a 16 lifestyle
15 sedentary 16 lifestyle
17 or 18 subjects
17 or 19 who
17 or 20 needed
19 who 20 needed
20 needed 21 care

furthermore , the ecq data showed a significant positive correlation between individual physical activity and everyday competence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 data
3 the 5 data
4 ecq 5 data
5 data 6 showed
6 showed 10 correlation
6 showed 11 between
7 a 8 significant
7 a 10 correlation
8 significant 10 correlation
9 positive 10 correlation
11 between 15 and
12 individual 14 activity
13 physical 14 activity
14 activity 15 and
15 and 17 competence
16 everyday 17 competence

conclusion : the ecq is a novel tool for the questionnaire [-] based evaluation of everyday competence among healthy subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 ecq
2 : 5 is
2 : 21 .
3 the 4 ecq
4 ecq 5 is
5 is 8 tool
6 a 8 tool
7 novel 8 tool
8 tool 9 for
9 for 14 evaluation
10 the 14 evaluation
11 questionnaire 13 based
13 based 14 evaluation
14 evaluation 15 of
15 of 17 competence
16 everyday 17 competence
17 competence 18 among
18 among 20 subjects
19 healthy 20 subjects

by including leisure activities , it considers the changed living conditions of modern - day older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 considers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 by 2 including
1 by 5 ,
1 by 6 it
2 including 4 activities
3 leisure 4 activities
6 it 7 considers
7 considers 11 conditions
7 considers 17 adults
8 the 11 conditions
9 changed 10 living
10 living 11 conditions
11 conditions 12 of
12 of 15 day
13 modern 14 -
13 modern 15 day
16 older 17 adults

age is one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 age 2 is
2 is 3 one
2 is 14 risk
3 one 4 of
4 of 7 predictors
5 the 6 strongest
5 the 7 predictors
7 predictors 8 of
8 of 10 disease
9 cardiovascular 10 disease
10 disease 12 cvd
11 ( 12 cvd
12 cvd 13 )

treatment with statins can significantly reduce cvd events and mortality in both primary and secondary prevention . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reduce
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 treatment 2 with
1 treatment 4 can
2 with 3 statins
4 can 6 reduce
5 significantly 6 reduce
6 reduce 9 and
6 reduce 11 in
7 cvd 8 events
8 events 9 and
9 and 10 mortality
11 in 14 and
12 both 14 and
13 primary 14 and
14 and 16 prevention
15 secondary 16 prevention

yet despite the high cvd risk among the elderly , there is underutilization of statins in this population ( ie , the treatment - risk [paradox] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 yet
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 yet 11 there
2 despite 6 risk
2 despite 10 ,
2 despite 11 there
3 the 6 risk
4 high 6 risk
5 cvd 6 risk
6 risk 7 among
7 among 9 elderly
8 the 9 elderly
11 there 12 is
12 is 13 underutilization
13 underutilization 14 of
14 of 15 statins
15 statins 16 in
15 statins 25 risk
16 in 18 population
17 this 18 population
19 ( 25 risk
20 ie 23 treatment
20 ie 24 -
20 ie 25 risk
21 , 23 treatment
22 the 23 treatment
23 treatment 24 -
25 risk 27 )

few studies have investigated the use of statins in the elderly , particularly [for] primary prevention and , as a result , guidelines for treating the elderly are limited . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 investigated
4 investigated 6 use
4 investigated 9 in
5 the 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 8 statins
9 in 16 prevention
10 the 16 prevention
11 elderly 12 ,
11 elderly 16 prevention
13 particularly 15 primary
15 primary 16 prevention
17 and 18 ,
17 and 23 guidelines
17 and 28 are
19 as 21 result
19 as 22 ,
19 as 23 guidelines
20 a 21 result
23 guidelines 24 for
23 guidelines 28 are
24 for 25 treating
25 treating 27 elderly
26 the 27 elderly
28 are 29 limited

this is likely due to [:] uncertainties of risk assessment in older individuals where the predictive value of individual risk factors is [decreased] [;] the need to balance the benefits of primary prevention with the risks of polypharmacy , health care costs , and adverse medication effects in a population with decreased life expectancy [;] the complexity of treating patients with many other comorbidities [;] and increasingly difficult social and economic concerns . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 likely
3 likely 5 to
3 likely 11 in
4 due 5 to
5 to 7 uncertainties
7 uncertainties 8 of
8 of 10 assessment
9 risk 10 assessment
11 in 13 individuals
12 older 13 individuals
13 individuals 14 where
14 where 17 value
14 where 22 is
15 the 17 value
16 predictive 17 value
17 value 18 of
17 value 22 is
18 of 21 factors
19 individual 21 factors
20 risk 21 factors
22 is 26 need
25 the 26 need
26 need 27 to
26 need 28 balance
27 to 28 balance
28 balance 30 benefits
28 balance 34 with
29 the 30 benefits
30 benefits 31 of
31 of 33 prevention
32 primary 33 prevention
34 with 44 and
35 the 36 risks
36 risks 37 of
36 risks 44 and
37 of 38 polypharmacy
38 polypharmacy 42 costs
39 , 42 costs
40 health 41 care
41 care 42 costs
42 costs 43 ,
44 and 45 adverse
44 and 46 medication
44 and 47 effects
46 medication 47 effects
47 effects 48 in
47 effects 51 with
48 in 50 population
49 a 50 population
51 with 54 expectancy
51 with 57 complexity
52 decreased 54 expectancy
53 life 54 expectancy
56 the 57 complexity
57 complexity 58 of
58 of 60 patients
59 treating 60 patients
60 patients 61 with
61 with 70 and
62 many 63 other
63 other 64 comorbidities
64 comorbidities 66 and
66 and 69 social
66 and 70 and
67 increasingly 68 difficult
68 difficult 69 social
70 and 72 concerns
70 and 73 .
71 economic 72 concerns

as life expectancy increases and the total elderly population grows , these issues become [increasingly] important . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 grows
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 as 5 and
1 as 9 population
2 life 4 increases
3 expectancy 4 increases
4 increases 5 and
5 and 7 total
6 the 7 total
8 elderly 9 population
9 population 10 grows
11 , 13 issues
11 , 14 become
12 these 13 issues
13 issues 14 become
14 become 16 important

jupiter ( justification for the use of statins in prevention [:] [an] intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin ) is the largest primary prevention statin trial to date and enrolled a substantial number of elderly adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 jupiter
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 jupiter 3 justification
1 jupiter 18 is
2 ( 3 justification
3 justification 4 for
3 justification 17 )
4 for 6 use
5 the 6 use
6 use 7 of
7 of 8 statins
8 statins 9 in
9 in 16 rosuvastatin
10 prevention 13 intervention
13 intervention 14 trial
14 trial 15 evaluating
15 evaluating 16 rosuvastatin
18 is 24 trial
18 is 25 to
19 the 20 largest
19 the 24 trial
21 primary 24 trial
22 prevention 24 trial
23 statin 24 trial
25 to 27 and
26 date 27 and
27 and 28 enrolled
28 enrolled 31 number
29 a 31 number
30 substantial 31 number
31 number 32 of
32 of 34 adults
33 elderly 34 adults

among the 5695 jupiter participants ≥ 70 years of age , the absolute cvd risk reduction associated with rosuvastatin was actually greater than for younger participants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 participants
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ≥
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 among 4 jupiter
1 among 5 participants
2 the 3 5695
3 5695 4 jupiter
5 participants 6 ≥
6 ≥ 8 years
7 70 8 years
8 years 16 reduction
8 years 20 was
9 of 10 age
9 of 11 ,
9 of 16 reduction
12 the 16 reduction
13 absolute 16 reduction
14 cvd 16 reduction
15 risk 16 reduction
16 reduction 17 associated
16 reduction 20 was
17 associated 18 with
18 with 19 rosuvastatin
20 was 21 actually
20 was 22 greater
22 greater 23 than
23 than 24 for
24 for 26 participants
25 younger 26 participants

the implications of [this] jupiter subanalysis and [the] broader role of statins among older adults is the subject of this review . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 role
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 10 role
2 implications 3 of
2 implications 7 and
3 of 6 subanalysis
5 jupiter 6 subanalysis
7 and 9 broader
7 and 10 role
10 role 11 of
10 role 16 is
11 of 12 statins
12 statins 13 among
13 among 15 adults
14 older 15 adults
16 is 18 subject
17 the 18 subject
18 subject 19 of
19 of 21 review
20 this 21 review

[falls] [are] a major public health problem [in] [the] elderly population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
3 a 4 major
3 a 11 population
4 major 6 health
5 public 6 health
6 health 11 population
7 problem 11 population
10 elderly 11 population

the associated health care cost is great . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 5 cost
2 associated 3 health
3 health 5 cost
4 care 5 cost
5 cost 6 is
6 is 7 great

it has therefore become an important public health matter to evaluate those interventions that might be effective in reducing the risk of [falls] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 2 has
2 has 4 become
3 therefore 4 become
4 become 9 matter
4 become 10 to
5 an 9 matter
6 important 7 public
7 public 9 matter
8 health 9 matter
10 to 11 evaluate
11 evaluate 13 interventions
12 those 13 interventions
13 interventions 14 that
13 interventions 22 of
14 that 15 might
15 might 16 be
16 be 17 effective
17 effective 18 in
18 in 19 reducing
19 reducing 21 risk
20 the 21 risk
21 risk 22 of

risk factors that predict an increased risk of falling are described . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 described
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 risk 2 factors
2 factors 3 that
2 factors 4 predict
2 factors 10 are
3 that 4 predict
4 predict 7 risk
5 an 7 risk
6 increased 7 risk
7 risk 8 of
8 of 9 falling
10 are 11 described

we discuss interventions that can be employed in the community to reduce the risk of [falls] and associated injuries by discipline , including physiotherapy , occupational therapy , and physician - led interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 discuss
2 discuss 3 interventions
2 discuss 8 in
3 interventions 4 that
3 interventions 5 can
4 that 5 can
5 can 6 be
6 be 7 employed
8 in 10 community
9 the 10 community
10 community 11 to
10 community 15 of
11 to 12 reduce
12 reduce 14 risk
13 the 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
17 and 19 injuries
17 and 32 led
18 associated 19 injuries
19 injuries 20 by
19 injuries 29 and
19 injuries 32 led
20 by 21 discipline
22 , 29 and
23 including 24 physiotherapy
24 physiotherapy 25 ,
25 , 27 therapy
25 , 29 and
26 occupational 27 therapy
28 , 29 and
29 and 30 physician
29 and 31 -
32 led 33 interventions

we also discuss the cost - effectiveness of such interventions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 we 3 discuss
2 also 3 discuss
3 discuss 5 cost
4 the 5 cost
6 - 7 effectiveness
7 effectiveness 8 of
8 of 10 interventions
9 such 10 interventions

the purpose of this study was to examine if psychosocial intervention for family caregivers made any differences in describing symptoms of dementia in the persons they cared for . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 for
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 purpose
2 purpose 3 of
2 purpose 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 examine
7 to 8 examine
8 examine 9 if
8 examine 18 in
8 examine 26 they
8 examine 28 for
9 if 11 intervention
9 if 15 made
10 psychosocial 11 intervention
11 intervention 12 for
11 intervention 15 made
12 for 14 caregivers
13 family 14 caregivers
15 made 16 any
15 made 17 differences
18 in 19 describing
19 describing 20 symptoms
19 describing 23 in
20 symptoms 21 of
21 of 22 dementia
23 in 25 persons
24 the 25 persons
26 they 28 for
27 cared 28 for

the study population comprised family caregivers of persons aged 70 years and older receiving social services and diagnosed with dementia disorders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 study
2 study 3 population
2 study 4 comprised
2 study 7 of
2 study 17 and
3 population 4 comprised
4 comprised 6 caregivers
5 family 6 caregivers
7 of 8 persons
9 aged 12 and
9 aged 17 and
10 70 11 years
11 years 12 and
12 and 16 services
13 older 15 social
14 receiving 15 social
15 social 16 services
17 and 18 diagnosed
17 and 19 with
19 with 21 disorders
20 dementia 21 disorders

a group of 129 family caregivers underwent psychosocial intervention including education , information , and provision of a support group , while 133 family caregivers did not and these formed the control group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 a 2 group
2 group 3 of
2 group 6 caregivers
2 group 10 including
2 group 33 group
3 of 5 family
4 129 5 family
6 caregivers 7 underwent
7 underwent 9 intervention
8 psychosocial 9 intervention
9 intervention 10 including
10 including 11 education
10 including 22 while
11 education 15 and
12 , 15 and
13 information 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 provision
15 and 17 of
15 and 21 ,
17 of 20 group
18 a 19 support
18 a 20 group
19 support 20 group
22 while 28 and
22 while 30 formed
23 133 24 family
24 family 25 caregivers
25 caregivers 26 did
25 caregivers 28 and
26 did 27 not
28 and 29 these
29 these 30 formed
30 formed 32 control
31 the 32 control

family caregivers were followed - up every 6 months for a total of 18 months . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 followed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 family 2 caregivers
2 caregivers 3 were
3 were 4 followed
5 - 6 up
6 up 9 months
6 up 10 for
7 every 8 6
8 6 9 months
10 for 12 total
11 a 12 total
12 total 13 of
13 of 15 months
14 18 15 months

they rated intellectual , emotional , and activity of daily living ( adl ) functions in persons with dementia using the gottfries - bråne - steen [scale] ( gbs - [scale] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 they 2 rated
2 rated 15 functions
2 rated 18 with
2 rated 20 using
3 intellectual 7 and
3 intellectual 15 functions
4 , 7 and
5 emotional 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 8 activity
7 and 9 of
7 and 13 adl
7 and 14 )
9 of 11 living
10 daily 11 living
12 ( 13 adl
13 adl 14 )
15 functions 16 in
16 in 17 persons
18 with 19 dementia
20 using 22 gottfries
21 the 22 gottfries
22 gottfries 24 bråne
22 gottfries 26 steen
23 - 24 bråne
24 bråne 25 -
25 - 26 steen
26 steen 29 gbs
26 steen 32 )
28 ( 29 gbs
29 gbs 30 -

family caregivers who underwent psychosocial intervention rated the intellectual and emotional symptoms of dementia significantly higher 6 months later compared to controls and the effect was sustained during the 18 [-] month [follow] - up irrespective of relationship [and] education . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 caregivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 family 2 caregivers
2 caregivers 3 who
2 caregivers 4 underwent
2 caregivers 20 compared
3 who 4 underwent
4 underwent 12 symptoms
4 underwent 16 higher
5 psychosocial 6 intervention
6 intervention 7 rated
7 rated 12 symptoms
8 the 9 intellectual
9 intellectual 10 and
10 and 11 emotional
10 and 12 symptoms
12 symptoms 13 of
13 of 14 dementia
15 significantly 16 higher
17 6 18 months
18 months 19 later
19 later 20 compared
20 compared 21 to
21 to 22 controls
23 and 25 effect
23 and 27 sustained
24 the 25 effect
25 effect 26 was
26 was 27 sustained
27 sustained 28 during
27 sustained 34 -
27 sustained 35 up
28 during 32 month
29 the 32 month
30 18 32 month
35 up 37 of
36 irrespective 37 of
37 of 40 education
38 relationship 40 education

[most] notably , decrease in function [of] recent memory , ability to increase [tempo] , long - windedness , distractibility , and blunting were better identified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
2 notably 3 ,
2 notably 22 and
4 decrease 5 in
4 decrease 22 and
5 in 9 memory
6 function 9 memory
8 recent 9 memory
9 memory 11 ability
9 memory 18 windedness
10 , 11 ability
11 ability 12 to
11 ability 13 increase
11 ability 15 ,
12 to 13 increase
15 , 18 windedness
16 long 17 -
16 long 18 windedness
18 windedness 20 distractibility
18 windedness 21 ,
19 , 20 distractibility
20 distractibility 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 blunting
22 and 24 were
24 were 25 better
24 were 26 identified

our findings suggest that the family caregivers who underwent psychosocial intervention achieved better understanding of different symptoms and the behaviors of dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 7 caregivers
4 that 13 better
5 the 7 caregivers
6 family 7 caregivers
7 caregivers 8 who
7 caregivers 9 underwent
8 who 9 underwent
9 underwent 11 intervention
10 psychosocial 11 intervention
11 intervention 12 achieved
13 better 14 understanding
14 understanding 15 of
15 of 18 and
16 different 17 symptoms
17 symptoms 18 and
18 and 20 behaviors
18 and 21 of
19 the 20 behaviors
21 of 22 dementia

these findings may explain earlier findings of positive effects after psychosocial intervention on family caregivers ' sense of burden , satisfaction , and ability to delay nursing home placement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 explain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 may
3 may 4 explain
4 explain 6 findings
4 explain 10 after
4 explain 13 on
4 explain 25 to
5 earlier 6 findings
6 findings 7 of
7 of 9 effects
8 positive 9 effects
10 after 12 intervention
11 psychosocial 12 intervention
13 on 17 sense
14 family 15 caregivers
15 caregivers 16 '
16 ' 17 sense
17 sense 18 of
18 of 23 and
19 burden 20 ,
20 , 21 satisfaction
20 , 23 and
22 , 23 and
23 and 24 ability
25 to 26 delay
26 delay 29 placement
27 nursing 29 placement
28 home 29 placement

as the world 's population ages , hip fractures pose a significant health care problem . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 pose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 as 5 population
1 as 6 ages
1 as 7 ,
1 as 9 fractures
2 the 3 world
3 world 4 's
4 's 5 population
5 population 6 ages
8 hip 9 fractures
9 fractures 10 pose
10 pose 15 problem
11 a 12 significant
11 a 15 problem
12 significant 13 health
13 health 14 care
14 care 15 problem

hip fractures in the elderly are associated with impaired mobility , and increased morbidity and mortality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 hip 2 fractures
2 fractures 3 in
2 fractures 6 are
3 in 5 elderly
4 the 5 elderly
6 are 7 associated
7 associated 8 with
8 with 15 and
9 impaired 10 mobility
10 mobility 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 14 morbidity
12 and 15 and
13 increased 14 morbidity
15 and 16 mortality

associated conditions , such as osteoporosis , medical comorbidity , and dementia , pose a significant concern and determine optimal treatment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conditions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 associated 2 conditions
2 conditions 5 as
2 conditions 18 and
3 , 5 as
4 such 5 as
5 as 11 and
5 as 13 ,
6 osteoporosis 7 ,
7 , 9 comorbidity
7 , 11 and
8 medical 9 comorbidity
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 dementia
14 pose 17 concern
14 pose 18 and
15 a 16 significant
15 a 17 concern
16 significant 17 concern
18 and 19 determine
19 determine 21 treatment
20 optimal 21 treatment

one - year mortality rates currently range from 14 % to 36 % , and care for these patients represents a major global economic burden . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 one
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 5 rates
2 - 7 range
2 - 15 and
2 - 26 .
3 year 5 rates
4 mortality 5 rates
5 rates 7 range
6 currently 7 range
7 range 8 from
7 range 11 to
8 from 10 %
9 14 10 %
11 to 13 %
12 36 13 %
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 care
15 and 20 represents
16 care 17 for
16 care 20 represents
17 for 19 patients
18 these 19 patients
20 represents 25 burden
21 a 22 major
21 a 25 burden
22 major 25 burden
23 global 25 burden
24 economic 25 burden

the incidence of hip fractures is bimodal in its distribution . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 6 is
3 of 5 fractures
4 hip 5 fractures
6 is 7 bimodal
7 bimodal 8 in
8 in 10 distribution
9 its 10 distribution

young adult hip fractures are the result of high energy trauma , and the larger peak seen in the elderly population is secondary to low - energy injuries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 young 3 hip
2 adult 3 hip
3 hip 4 fractures
4 fractures 5 are
5 are 7 result
6 the 7 result
7 result 8 of
8 of 11 trauma
9 high 11 trauma
10 energy 11 trauma
12 , 13 and
13 and 16 peak
13 and 22 is
14 the 16 peak
15 larger 16 peak
16 peak 17 seen
16 peak 22 is
17 seen 18 in
18 in 21 population
19 the 21 population
20 elderly 21 population
22 is 23 secondary
23 secondary 24 to
24 to 28 injuries
25 low 26 -
25 low 27 energy
27 energy 28 injuries

the predilection for the site of [fracture] at the neck [of] femur falls into two major subgroups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 predilection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 falls
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 2 predilection
2 predilection 3 for
2 predilection 13 falls
3 for 5 site
4 the 5 site
5 site 6 of
6 of 8 at
8 at 12 femur
9 the 12 femur
10 neck 12 femur
13 falls 14 into
14 into 17 subgroups
15 two 17 subgroups
16 major 17 subgroups

pertrochanteric fractures occur when the injury is extracapsular and the blood supply to the head [of] femur is unaffected . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fractures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 occur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 pertrochanteric 2 fractures
2 fractures 3 occur
3 occur 4 when
4 when 9 and
4 when 18 is
5 the 6 injury
6 injury 7 is
6 injury 9 and
7 is 8 extracapsular
9 and 12 supply
10 the 12 supply
11 blood 12 supply
12 supply 13 to
12 supply 18 is
13 to 17 femur
14 the 17 femur
15 head 17 femur
18 is 19 unaffected

the management of this group involves internal fixation through a sliding hip screw device or intramedullary fixation device , both of which have good results . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 management
2 management 3 of
2 management 6 involves
3 of 5 group
4 this 5 group
6 involves 8 fixation
7 internal 8 fixation
8 fixation 9 through
9 through 15 or
10 a 14 device
11 sliding 12 hip
12 hip 14 device
13 screw 14 device
14 device 15 or
15 or 18 device
16 intramedullary 17 fixation
17 fixation 18 device
19 , 20 both
20 both 21 of
21 of 22 which
21 of 23 have
22 which 23 have
23 have 25 results
24 good 25 results

the other group of patients who sustain an intracapsular fracture at the femoral neck are at increased risk of nonunion and osteonecrosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 other
2 other 3 group
3 group 4 of
3 group 5 patients
4 of 5 patients
5 patients 6 who
5 patients 7 sustain
5 patients 15 are
6 who 7 sustain
7 sustain 10 fracture
7 sustain 11 at
8 an 9 intracapsular
8 an 10 fracture
9 intracapsular 10 fracture
11 at 14 neck
12 the 14 neck
13 femoral 14 neck
15 are 16 at
16 at 18 risk
17 increased 18 risk
18 risk 19 of
19 of 21 and
20 nonunion 21 and
21 and 22 osteonecrosis

recent papers in the literature have shown better functional outcomes with a primary hip replacement over other treatment modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 papers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 recent 2 papers
2 papers 3 in
2 papers 6 have
3 in 5 literature
4 the 5 literature
6 have 7 shown
7 shown 10 outcomes
7 shown 11 with
8 better 10 outcomes
9 functional 10 outcomes
11 with 15 replacement
12 a 13 primary
12 a 15 replacement
13 primary 15 replacement
14 hip 15 replacement
15 replacement 16 over
16 over 19 modalities
17 other 19 modalities
18 treatment 19 modalities

this article reviews the current literature and indications for a primary total hip replacement in these patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 reviews
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 reviews
3 reviews 6 literature
4 the 6 literature
5 current 6 literature
7 and 8 indications
7 and 12 total
8 indications 9 for
8 indications 12 total
9 for 11 primary
10 a 11 primary
12 total 14 replacement
12 total 15 in
13 hip 14 replacement
15 in 17 patients
16 these 17 patients

background : deterioration in hearing after gamma knife radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas is a well - documented risk . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 deterioration
3 deterioration 4 in
4 in 5 hearing
5 hearing 6 after
5 hearing 9 radiosurgery
5 hearing 13 is
6 after 8 knife
7 gamma 8 knife
9 radiosurgery 10 of
9 radiosurgery 13 is
10 of 12 schwannomas
11 vestibular 12 schwannomas
13 is 15 well
14 a 15 well
16 - 18 risk
17 documented 18 risk

recent studies suggest a correlation between cochlear radiation [dose] and hearing preservation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 suggest
3 suggest 5 correlation
3 suggest 6 between
4 a 5 correlation
6 between 10 and
7 cochlear 8 radiation
8 radiation 10 and
10 and 12 preservation
11 hearing 12 preservation

objective : this study identifies additional variables that predict hearing loss after radiosurgery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 study
2 : 5 identifies
2 : 14 .
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 identifies
5 identifies 7 variables
6 additional 7 variables
7 variables 8 that
7 variables 9 predict
8 that 9 predict
9 predict 11 loss
9 predict 12 after
10 hearing 11 loss
12 after 13 radiosurgery

methods : retrospective analysis of 53 patients with audiogram follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 analysis
3 retrospective 4 analysis
4 analysis 5 of
5 of 6 53
6 53 7 patients
6 53 10 follow
7 patients 8 with
7 patients 10 follow
8 with 9 audiogram
11 - 12 up
11 - 13 .

median marginal tumor dose [was] [12.5] [gy] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 dose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 median 3 tumor
2 marginal 3 tumor
3 tumor 4 dose

mean tumor volume was 1.11 cm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 mean 3 volume
1 mean 4 was
2 tumor 3 volume
3 volume 4 was
4 was 6 cm
5 1.11 6 cm

statistical analysis included multivariate stepwise [backward] linear regression and multivariate logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 statistical 8 regression
2 analysis 3 included
3 included 8 regression
4 multivariate 8 regression
5 stepwise 8 regression
7 linear 8 regression
8 regression 9 and
9 and 12 regression
10 multivariate 12 regression
11 logistic 12 regression

variables included age , prescription dose , tumor volume , intracanalicular length , and maximum and mean cochlear dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 variables 2 included
2 included 3 age
3 age 4 ,
4 , 6 dose
4 , 7 ,
5 prescription 6 dose
7 , 9 volume
7 , 10 ,
8 tumor 9 volume
10 , 12 length
10 , 14 and
11 intracanalicular 12 length
13 , 14 and
14 and 15 maximum
14 and 16 and
16 and 19 dose
17 mean 19 dose
18 cochlear 19 dose

dose volume histograms were generated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 histograms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 generated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 dose 3 histograms
2 volume 3 histograms
3 histograms 4 were
4 were 5 generated

the percentage of the cochlear volume [that] received 3.6 gy or greater [,] 4.7 gy or greater [,] [and] 5.3 gy or greater was calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 percentage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 the 2 percentage
2 percentage 3 of
2 percentage 8 received
2 percentage 24 was
3 of 6 volume
4 the 6 volume
5 cochlear 6 volume
8 received 11 or
9 3.6 10 gy
10 gy 11 or
11 or 12 greater
12 greater 16 or
14 4.7 15 gy
15 gy 16 or
16 or 17 greater
17 greater 22 or
20 5.3 21 gy
21 gy 22 or
22 or 23 greater
24 was 25 calculated

plan conformality indicators were calculated . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 plan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 plan 3 indicators
1 plan 5 calculated
2 conformality 3 indicators
3 indicators 4 were
4 were 5 calculated

results : forty - two patients had a less than 20 [-] db change in their pure tone average , with a hearing preservation rate of 79 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 patients
2 : 7 had
3 forty 4 -
4 - 5 two
4 - 6 patients
6 patients 7 had
7 had 14 change
8 a 14 change
9 less 10 than
10 than 11 20
11 20 13 db
13 db 14 change
14 change 15 in
15 in 19 average
16 their 19 average
17 pure 18 tone
18 tone 19 average
19 average 21 with
20 , 21 with
21 with 25 rate
21 with 29 .
22 a 25 rate
23 hearing 25 rate
24 preservation 25 rate
25 rate 26 of
26 of 28 %
27 79 28 %

two statistically significant predictors of hearing loss were identified using multivariate analysis : tumor coverage ( odds [ratio] : 1.38 × 10 [ )(and age ( odds ratio [:] 1.1 per year ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 predictors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 identified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 two 4 predictors
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 predictors
4 predictors 5 of
4 predictors 8 were
5 of 6 hearing
6 hearing 7 loss
8 were 9 identified
9 identified 10 using
10 using 12 analysis
11 multivariate 12 analysis
13 : 15 coverage
13 : 19 :
14 tumor 15 coverage
15 coverage 17 odds
16 ( 17 odds
17 odds 19 :
19 : 24 )(and
20 1.38 21 ×
21 × 22 10
21 × 24 )(and
24 )(and 25 age
24 )(and 28 ratio
26 ( 28 ratio
27 odds 28 ratio
28 ratio 30 1.1
28 ratio 31 per
28 ratio 33 )
31 per 32 year

multivariate linear regression was used to predict change in pure tone [average] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 multivariate 3 regression
1 multivariate 4 was
1 multivariate 5 used
2 linear 3 regression
3 regression 4 was
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 predict
6 to 7 predict
7 predict 8 change
7 predict 9 in
9 in 11 tone
10 pure 11 tone

age and percentage of the cochlear volume receiving 5.3 gy or greater were found to be statistically significant predictor variables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 age 2 and
2 and 3 percentage
2 and 4 of
2 and 8 receiving
2 and 13 were
4 of 7 volume
5 the 7 volume
6 cochlear 7 volume
8 receiving 9 5.3
8 receiving 11 or
10 gy 11 or
11 or 12 greater
13 were 14 found
14 found 15 to
15 to 16 be
16 be 17 statistically
16 be 20 variables
18 significant 20 variables
19 predictor 20 variables

conclusion : older patients are more vulnerable to detrimental effects of gamma knife radiosurgery on hearing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 patients
2 : 5 are
2 : 17 .
3 older 4 patients
4 patients 5 are
5 are 7 vulnerable
6 more 7 vulnerable
7 vulnerable 8 to
8 to 10 effects
9 detrimental 10 effects
10 effects 11 of
10 effects 14 radiosurgery
11 of 13 knife
12 gamma 13 knife
14 radiosurgery 15 on
15 on 16 hearing

we propose that cochlear dose volume histograms be created and used to reduce the percentage of the cochlear volume exposed to radiation doses greater than 5.3 gy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 10 and
2 propose 3 that
2 propose 10 and
3 that 7 histograms
3 that 8 be
4 cochlear 7 histograms
5 dose 7 histograms
6 volume 7 histograms
8 be 9 created
10 and 11 used
10 and 12 to
10 and 21 to
12 to 13 reduce
13 reduce 15 percentage
14 the 15 percentage
15 percentage 16 of
15 percentage 20 exposed
16 of 19 volume
17 the 19 volume
18 cochlear 19 volume
21 to 23 doses
22 radiation 23 doses
23 doses 24 greater
24 greater 25 than
25 than 27 gy
26 5.3 27 gy

this is the first report to suggest that the conformity index tumor coverage may be an important predictor of hearing outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 is
2 is 5 report
2 is 6 to
3 the 4 first
3 the 5 report
6 to 7 suggest
7 suggest 8 that
8 that 13 coverage
8 that 15 be
9 the 13 coverage
10 conformity 13 coverage
11 index 13 coverage
12 tumor 13 coverage
13 coverage 14 may
14 may 15 be
15 be 18 predictor
16 an 17 important
16 an 18 predictor
17 important 18 predictor
18 predictor 19 of
19 of 20 hearing
20 hearing 21 outcomes

longer cognitive tests , such as the alzheimer 's disease assessment scale ( adas - [cog] [ )(or the cambridge cognitive examination ( camcog ) , are more precise but less efficient than briefer tests , such as the mini mental state examination ( mmse ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 longer 3 tests
2 cognitive 3 tests
3 tests 6 as
3 tests 27 are
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 12 scale
6 as 26 ,
7 the 8 alzheimer
8 alzheimer 9 's
9 's 12 scale
10 disease 12 scale
11 assessment 12 scale
12 scale 18 )(or
13 ( 18 )(or
14 adas 18 )(or
15 - 18 )(or
18 )(or 22 examination
18 )(or 24 camcog
18 )(or 26 ,
19 the 22 examination
20 cambridge 22 examination
21 cognitive 22 examination
23 ( 24 camcog
24 camcog 25 )
27 are 28 more
27 are 30 but
29 precise 30 but
30 but 32 efficient
31 less 32 efficient
32 efficient 33 than
33 than 35 tests
34 briefer 35 tests
35 tests 38 as
36 , 38 as
37 such 38 as
38 as 45 mmse
38 as 46 )
39 the 45 mmse
40 mini 41 mental
41 mental 42 state
42 state 43 examination
43 examination 45 mmse
44 ( 45 mmse

we examined if computerized adaptive testing ( cat [ )(of cognitive impairment can combine brevity with precision by tailoring a precise test to each individual patient . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 3 if
2 examined 6 testing
3 if 4 computerized
5 adaptive 6 testing
6 testing 8 cat
7 ( 8 cat
8 cat 10 )(of
8 cat 27 .
10 )(of 15 brevity
11 cognitive 12 impairment
12 impairment 15 brevity
13 can 15 brevity
14 combine 15 brevity
15 brevity 16 with
16 with 17 precision
17 precision 18 by
17 precision 23 to
18 by 19 tailoring
19 tailoring 22 test
20 a 21 precise
20 a 22 test
21 precise 22 test
23 to 26 patient
24 each 26 patient
25 individual 26 patient

we conducted a prospective study of 84 participants [ normal [aging] , n = 41 [;] mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) , n = 21 [;] dementia , n = 22 ] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conducted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 we 2 conducted
2 conducted 5 study
3 a 4 prospective
3 a 5 study
4 prospective 5 study
5 study 6 of
5 study 19 impairment
6 of 8 participants
7 84 8 participants
9 [ 19 impairment
10 normal 14 =
10 normal 19 impairment
12 , 14 =
13 n 14 =
14 = 15 41
17 mild 19 impairment
18 cognitive 19 impairment
19 impairment 21 mci
19 impairment 25 =
19 impairment 31 =
19 impairment 33 ]
20 ( 21 mci
21 mci 22 )
23 , 25 =
24 n 25 =
25 = 28 dementia
26 21 28 dementia
29 , 31 =
30 n 31 =
31 = 32 22

cat estimated a participant 's ability during testing by selecting only items of appropriate difficulty from either the camcog or the camcog supplemented with adas - cog items and neuropsychological tests ( the camcog - plus ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 cat 2 estimated
2 estimated 4 participant
2 estimated 5 's
3 a 4 participant
4 participant 5 's
5 's 6 ability
5 's 9 by
6 ability 7 during
7 during 8 testing
9 by 10 selecting
10 selecting 11 only
10 selecting 12 items
10 selecting 16 from
12 items 13 of
13 of 15 difficulty
14 appropriate 15 difficulty
16 from 20 or
17 either 20 or
18 the 19 camcog
19 camcog 20 or
20 or 22 camcog
20 or 23 supplemented
21 the 22 camcog
23 supplemented 24 with
24 with 25 adas
26 - 29 and
27 cog 28 items
28 items 29 and
29 and 31 tests
29 and 34 camcog
30 neuropsychological 31 tests
32 ( 34 camcog
33 the 34 camcog
34 camcog 36 plus
34 camcog 37 )
35 - 36 plus
36 plus 37 )

after tailored testing with cat , the remaining camcog and camcog - plus items not selected by cat were administered . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 items
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 administered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 after 3 testing
1 after 12 -
1 after 14 items
2 tailored 3 testing
3 testing 4 with
3 testing 11 camcog
4 with 5 cat
6 , 11 camcog
7 the 11 camcog
8 remaining 11 camcog
9 camcog 10 and
10 and 11 camcog
11 camcog 12 -
13 plus 14 items
14 items 15 not
14 items 17 by
14 items 19 were
15 not 16 selected
17 by 18 cat
19 were 20 administered

the time needed to complete the cat was compared to that needed for the whole camcog and camcog - plus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 time
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 time
2 time 3 needed
2 time 4 to
2 time 5 complete
2 time 8 was
4 to 5 complete
5 complete 7 cat
6 the 7 cat
8 was 9 compared
9 compared 10 to
9 compared 19 -
9 compared 20 plus
10 to 17 and
11 that 12 needed
11 that 13 for
11 that 17 and
13 for 16 camcog
14 the 16 camcog
15 whole 16 camcog
17 and 18 camcog

results showed that testing time reductions achieved with cat were 37 % or [more] compared to the whole camcog and 55 % or more compared to the whole camcog - plus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 or
1 results 2 showed
2 showed 5 time
2 showed 19 camcog
2 showed 20 and
3 that 5 time
4 testing 5 time
5 time 6 reductions
5 time 13 or
6 reductions 7 achieved
6 reductions 13 or
7 achieved 8 with
8 with 9 cat
10 were 12 %
10 were 13 or
11 37 12 %
13 or 15 compared
13 or 16 to
16 to 18 whole
17 the 18 whole
20 and 22 %
21 55 22 %
23 or 24 more
23 or 25 compared
24 more 25 compared
25 compared 26 to
25 compared 29 camcog
26 to 28 whole
27 the 28 whole
29 camcog 31 plus
30 - 31 plus
31 plus 32 .

estimated ability levels with cat were in excellent agreement with those based on the whole camcog and camcog - plus ( intraclass correlations 0.99 and 0.98 , respectively ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 estimated 2 ability
2 ability 3 levels
3 levels 4 with
3 levels 6 were
4 with 5 cat
6 were 7 in
6 were 13 on
6 were 28 respectively
7 in 9 agreement
8 excellent 9 agreement
9 agreement 10 with
9 agreement 12 based
10 with 11 those
13 on 17 and
14 the 16 camcog
15 whole 16 camcog
16 camcog 17 and
17 and 18 camcog
18 camcog 20 plus
19 - 20 plus
20 plus 23 correlations
20 plus 27 ,
21 ( 23 correlations
22 intraclass 23 correlations
23 correlations 25 and
23 correlations 27 ,
24 0.99 25 and
25 and 26 0.98
27 , 28 respectively
28 respectively 29 )

diagnostic accuracy of detecting mild dementia [and] mci seemed better for the cat administered tests than for the mmse , but the differences were not significant . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 accuracy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 seemed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 diagnostic 2 accuracy
2 accuracy 3 of
2 accuracy 9 seemed
3 of 4 detecting
4 detecting 6 dementia
5 mild 6 dementia
6 dementia 8 mci
9 seemed 10 better
10 better 11 for
10 better 16 than
11 for 15 tests
12 the 15 tests
13 cat 14 administered
14 administered 15 tests
16 than 17 for
17 for 19 mmse
18 the 19 mmse
20 , 21 but
21 but 23 differences
21 but 24 were
22 the 23 differences
23 differences 24 were
24 were 25 not
24 were 26 significant

we conclude that adaptive testing combines brevity with precision , especially in grading the severity of cognitive impairment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
3 that 5 testing
3 that 6 combines
4 adaptive 5 testing
5 testing 6 combines
6 combines 7 brevity
6 combines 8 with
8 with 9 precision
9 precision 12 in
10 , 11 especially
10 , 12 in
12 in 13 grading
12 in 19 .
13 grading 15 severity
14 the 15 severity
15 severity 16 of
16 of 18 impairment
17 cognitive 18 impairment

among individuals who were cognitively intact before death , autopsies may reveal some alzheimer 's disease - type pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 among 2 individuals
1 among 17 -
1 among 18 type
2 individuals 3 who
2 individuals 9 ,
3 who 9 ,
4 were 6 intact
4 were 9 ,
5 cognitively 6 intact
6 intact 7 before
7 before 8 death
9 , 12 reveal
10 autopsies 11 may
11 may 12 reveal
12 reveal 16 disease
13 some 14 alzheimer
14 alzheimer 15 's
15 's 16 disease
18 type 19 pathology

the presence of end [-] stage pathology in cognitively intact persons would support the hypothesis that pathological markers are epiphenomena . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 12 would
3 of 7 pathology
4 end 7 pathology
6 stage 7 pathology
7 pathology 8 in
8 in 11 persons
9 cognitively 10 intact
10 intact 11 persons
12 would 13 support
13 support 15 hypothesis
14 the 15 hypothesis
15 hypothesis 16 that
16 that 18 markers
16 that 19 are
17 pathological 18 markers
18 markers 19 are
19 are 20 epiphenomena

we assessed advanced neurofibrillary ( braak stages [v] [and] vi ) pathology focusing on nondemented individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 we 2 assessed
2 assessed 12 pathology
3 advanced 12 pathology
4 neurofibrillary 7 stages
4 neurofibrillary 12 pathology
5 ( 7 stages
6 braak 7 stages
7 stages 10 vi
7 stages 11 )
12 pathology 13 focusing
13 focusing 14 on
14 on 16 individuals
15 nondemented 16 individuals

data from the national alzheimer 's coordinating center database ( n = 4,690 included initially [ )(and from the nun study ( n = 526 included initially [ )(were analyzed , with antemortem information about global cognition and careful postmortem studies available from each case . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 )(were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 46 .
1 data 17 )(and
1 data 29 )(were
2 from 8 center
2 from 17 )(and
3 the 5 alzheimer
4 national 5 alzheimer
5 alzheimer 6 's
6 's 8 center
7 coordinating 8 center
8 center 9 database
8 center 14 included
9 database 12 =
9 database 14 included
10 ( 12 =
11 n 12 =
12 = 13 4,690
14 included 15 initially
17 )(and 18 from
18 from 21 study
19 the 21 study
20 nun 21 study
21 study 24 =
22 ( 24 =
23 n 24 =
24 = 25 526
25 526 26 included
27 initially 29 )(were
29 )(were 30 analyzed
31 , 38 and
31 , 40 postmortem
32 with 33 antemortem
32 with 38 and
34 information 35 about
34 information 38 and
35 about 37 cognition
36 global 37 cognition
38 and 39 careful
38 and 40 postmortem
40 postmortem 41 studies
41 studies 42 available
42 available 43 from
43 from 45 case
44 each 45 case

global cognition ( final mini - mental state examination [scores] ( mmse ) and clinical ['] dementia ['] status ) was correlated with neuropathology , including the severity of neurofibrillary pathology ( braak stages and neurofibrillary tangle counts in cerebral neocortex ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cognition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 global 2 cognition
2 cognition 5 mini
2 cognition 21 was
3 ( 5 mini
4 final 5 mini
5 mini 14 and
5 mini 20 )
6 - 14 and
7 mental 8 state
8 state 9 examination
9 examination 12 mmse
11 ( 12 mmse
12 mmse 13 )
12 mmse 14 and
14 and 19 status
14 and 20 )
15 clinical 17 dementia
17 dementia 19 status
21 was 22 correlated
22 correlated 23 with
22 correlated 26 including
23 with 24 neuropathology
25 , 26 including
26 including 28 severity
26 including 42 )
27 the 28 severity
28 severity 29 of
29 of 31 pathology
30 neurofibrillary 31 pathology
31 pathology 35 and
32 ( 35 and
33 braak 34 stages
34 stages 35 and
35 and 38 counts
35 and 39 in
35 and 42 )
36 neurofibrillary 37 tangle
37 tangle 38 counts
39 in 41 neocortex
40 cerebral 41 neocortex

analyses support three major findings : 1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 support
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 analyses 2 support
2 support 5 findings
3 three 5 findings
4 major 5 findings
6 : 7 1

braak stage v cases and braak vi cases are significantly different from each other in terms of associated antemortem cognition ; 2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 braak 4 cases
2 stage 3 v
2 stage 4 cases
4 cases 5 and
5 and 6 braak
5 and 8 cases
5 and 17 of
5 and 18 associated
6 braak 7 vi
8 cases 9 are
9 are 11 different
10 significantly 11 different
11 different 12 from
11 different 15 in
12 from 14 other
13 each 14 other
15 in 16 terms
16 terms 17 of
18 associated 20 cognition
19 antemortem 20 cognition
21 ; 22 2

there is an appreciable range of pathology within the category of braak stage vi based on tangle counts such that brains with the most neurofibrillary tangles in neocortex always had profound antemortem cognitive impairment ; [and] 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 range
3 an 4 appreciable
3 an 5 range
4 appreciable 5 range
5 range 6 of
5 range 8 within
6 of 7 pathology
8 within 10 category
9 the 10 category
10 category 11 of
11 of 13 stage
12 braak 13 stage
13 stage 14 vi
13 stage 15 based
15 based 16 on
15 based 20 that
16 on 18 counts
17 tangle 18 counts
19 such 20 that
20 that 21 brains
20 that 30 had
21 brains 22 with
21 brains 30 had
22 with 26 tangles
23 the 26 tangles
24 most 25 neurofibrillary
25 neurofibrillary 26 tangles
26 tangles 27 in
27 in 28 neocortex
29 always 30 had
30 had 34 impairment
31 profound 34 impairment
32 antemortem 34 impairment
33 cognitive 34 impairment
35 ; 37 3

there was no nondemented case with final mmse score [of] 30 within a year of life and braak stage vi pathology . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 case
3 no 5 case
4 nondemented 5 case
5 case 6 with
5 case 15 of
6 with 9 score
7 final 9 score
8 mmse 9 score
9 score 11 30
9 score 12 within
12 within 14 year
13 a 14 year
15 of 21 pathology
16 life 17 and
17 and 19 stage
17 and 21 pathology
18 braak 19 stage
19 stage 20 vi

it may be inappropriate to combine braak stages v and vi cases , particularly in patients with early cognitive dysfunction , since the two pathological stages appear to differ dramatically in terms of both pathological severity and antemortem cognitive status . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 it 2 may
2 may 3 be
3 be 4 inappropriate
4 inappropriate 5 to
5 to 8 stages
6 combine 8 stages
7 braak 8 stages
8 stages 9 v
10 and 11 vi
10 and 27 appear
11 vi 12 cases
12 cases 15 in
12 cases 22 since
12 cases 24 two
13 , 14 particularly
13 , 15 in
15 in 16 patients
15 in 21 ,
16 patients 17 with
17 with 20 dysfunction
18 early 20 dysfunction
19 cognitive 20 dysfunction
23 the 24 two
25 pathological 26 stages
26 stages 27 appear
27 appear 28 to
28 to 29 differ
29 differ 30 dramatically
29 differ 31 in
31 in 37 and
32 terms 33 of
32 terms 37 and
33 of 36 severity
34 both 35 pathological
35 pathological 36 severity
37 and 40 status
38 antemortem 40 status
39 cognitive 40 status

there is no documented example of [truly] end [-] stage neurofibrillary pathology coexisting with intact cognition . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 example
3 no 5 example
4 documented 5 example
5 example 6 of
6 of 13 coexisting
8 end 13 coexisting
10 stage 13 coexisting
11 neurofibrillary 12 pathology
12 pathology 13 coexisting
13 coexisting 14 with
14 with 16 cognition
15 intact 16 cognition

background : diffusion - weighted imaging ( dwi ) and fluid - attenuated inversion recovery ( flair ) mri have high sensitivity and specificity for creutzfeldt - jakob disease ( cjd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 diffusion
4 - 6 imaging
4 - 10 and
5 weighted 6 imaging
6 imaging 8 dwi
7 ( 8 dwi
8 dwi 9 )
10 and 19 mri
10 and 20 have
11 fluid 15 recovery
11 fluid 19 mri
12 - 15 recovery
13 attenuated 14 inversion
14 inversion 15 recovery
15 recovery 17 flair
15 recovery 18 )
16 ( 17 flair
17 flair 18 )
19 mri 20 have
20 have 23 and
20 have 25 for
21 high 22 sensitivity
22 sensitivity 23 and
23 and 24 specificity
25 for 26 creutzfeldt
26 creutzfeldt 29 disease
27 - 29 disease
28 jakob 29 disease
29 disease 31 cjd
29 disease 32 )
30 ( 31 cjd
31 cjd 32 )

no studies , however , have demonstrated how mri can distinguish cjd from nonprion causes of rapidly progressive dementia ( nprpd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 no 2 studies
2 studies 6 have
3 , 4 however
4 however 5 ,
4 however 6 have
6 have 7 demonstrated
7 demonstrated 8 how
8 how 9 mri
8 how 11 distinguish
9 mri 10 can
10 can 11 distinguish
11 distinguish 12 cjd
11 distinguish 13 from
13 from 15 causes
14 nonprion 15 causes
15 causes 16 of
16 of 19 dementia
17 rapidly 18 progressive
18 progressive 19 dementia
19 dementia 21 nprpd
20 ( 21 nprpd
21 nprpd 22 )

we sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of mri for cjd compared to a cohort of nprpd subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 7 accuracy
5 the 7 accuracy
6 diagnostic 7 accuracy
7 accuracy 8 of
7 accuracy 13 to
8 of 9 mri
9 mri 10 for
10 for 11 cjd
11 cjd 12 compared
13 to 15 cohort
14 a 15 cohort
15 cohort 16 of
16 of 18 subjects
17 nprpd 18 subjects

methods : two neuroradiologists blinded to diagnosis assessed dwi and flair images in 90 patients with nprpd ( n = 29 ) or prion disease ( sporadic cjd [ scjd ] , n = 48 , or genetic prion disease [ familial cjd , n = 6 , and gerstmann - sträussler - scheinker , n = 7 ] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 61 .
2 : 49 and
2 : 51 -
3 two 4 neuroradiologists
4 neuroradiologists 5 blinded
4 neuroradiologists 10 and
5 blinded 6 to
6 to 9 dwi
7 diagnosis 8 assessed
8 assessed 9 dwi
10 and 12 images
10 and 37 or
11 flair 12 images
12 images 13 in
13 in 23 or
14 90 15 patients
15 patients 16 with
15 patients 23 or
16 with 17 nprpd
17 nprpd 20 =
18 ( 20 =
19 n 20 =
20 = 21 29
20 = 22 )
23 or 25 disease
23 or 28 cjd
23 or 34 =
24 prion 25 disease
26 ( 28 cjd
27 sporadic 28 cjd
28 cjd 30 scjd
28 cjd 32 ,
29 [ 30 scjd
30 scjd 31 ]
33 n 34 =
34 = 35 48
34 = 36 ,
37 or 40 disease
37 or 43 cjd
37 or 49 and
38 genetic 39 prion
39 prion 40 disease
41 [ 43 cjd
42 familial 43 cjd
43 cjd 46 =
43 cjd 48 ,
44 , 46 =
45 n 46 =
46 = 47 6
48 , 49 and
49 and 50 gerstmann
49 and 51 -
51 - 52 sträussler
52 sträussler 54 scheinker
53 - 54 scheinker
54 scheinker 57 =
54 scheinker 60 )
55 , 57 =
56 n 57 =
57 = 58 7
57 = 59 ]

thirty - one gray matter regions per hemisphere were assessed for abnormal hyperintensities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 thirty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
2 - 5 matter
3 one 5 matter
4 gray 5 matter
5 matter 6 regions
5 matter 9 were
5 matter 10 assessed
6 regions 7 per
6 regions 9 were
7 per 8 hemisphere
10 assessed 11 for
11 for 13 hyperintensities
12 abnormal 13 hyperintensities

the likelihood of cjd was assessed using our previously published criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 likelihood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 2 likelihood
2 likelihood 3 of
2 likelihood 5 was
3 of 4 cjd
5 was 6 assessed
6 assessed 7 using
7 using 11 criteria
8 our 11 criteria
9 previously 10 published
10 published 11 criteria

results : gray matter hyperintensities ( dwi [>] flair ) were found in all scjd cases , with certain regions preferentially involved , but never only in limbic regions , and rarely in the precentral gyrus . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 matter
3 gray 4 matter
4 matter 5 hyperintensities
4 matter 12 found
5 hyperintensities 9 flair
5 hyperintensities 11 were
6 ( 9 flair
7 dwi 9 flair
9 flair 10 )
11 were 12 found
12 found 13 in
12 found 24 but
12 found 26 only
13 in 16 cases
14 all 16 cases
15 scjd 16 cases
16 cases 18 with
17 , 18 with
18 with 20 regions
18 with 23 ,
19 certain 20 regions
20 regions 22 involved
21 preferentially 22 involved
24 but 25 never
26 only 31 and
27 in 29 regions
27 in 31 and
28 limbic 29 regions
30 , 31 and
31 and 32 rarely
31 and 33 in
33 in 36 gyrus
34 the 36 gyrus
35 precentral 36 gyrus

in all scjd cases with basal ganglia or thalamic dwi hyperintensities , there was associated restricted diffusion ( apparent diffusion [coefficient] [ adc ] [map] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 in 4 cases
1 in 13 there
2 all 4 cases
3 scjd 4 cases
4 cases 5 with
5 with 8 or
6 basal 7 ganglia
7 ganglia 8 or
8 or 11 hyperintensities
8 or 12 ,
9 thalamic 11 hyperintensities
10 dwi 11 hyperintensities
13 there 14 was
14 was 17 diffusion
15 associated 17 diffusion
16 restricted 17 diffusion
17 diffusion 20 diffusion
18 ( 20 diffusion
19 apparent 20 diffusion
20 diffusion 23 adc
20 diffusion 26 )
22 [ 23 adc
23 adc 24 ]

this restricted diffusion , however , was not seen in any nprpd cases , in whom isolated limbic hyperintensities ( flair [>] dwi ) were common . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 diffusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 seen
1 this 2 restricted
2 restricted 3 diffusion
3 diffusion 7 was
4 , 5 however
5 however 6 ,
5 however 7 was
7 was 8 not
7 was 9 seen
9 seen 10 in
10 in 13 cases
11 any 13 cases
12 nprpd 13 cases
13 cases 15 in
14 , 15 in
15 in 16 whom
15 in 19 hyperintensities
15 in 25 were
15 in 27 .
17 isolated 19 hyperintensities
18 limbic 19 hyperintensities
19 hyperintensities 23 dwi
19 hyperintensities 25 were
20 ( 23 dwi
21 flair 23 dwi
23 dwi 24 )
25 were 26 common

one reader 's sensitivity and specificity for scjd was 94 [%] and 100 % , respectively , the other 's [was] 92 [%] and 72 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sensitivity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 's
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 one 2 reader
2 reader 3 's
3 's 4 sensitivity
5 and 6 specificity
5 and 20 's
6 specificity 7 for
6 specificity 9 was
7 for 8 scjd
9 was 14 %
9 was 16 respectively
10 94 12 and
12 and 13 100
12 and 14 %
15 , 16 respectively
16 respectively 17 ,
18 the 19 other
19 other 20 's
20 's 26 %
22 92 24 and
24 and 25 72
24 and 26 %

after consensus review , the readers ' combined mri sensitivity and specificity for scjd was 96 [%] and 93 % , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 after
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 was
1 after 11 and
1 after 15 was
2 consensus 3 review
3 review 4 ,
4 , 10 sensitivity
4 , 11 and
5 the 6 readers
6 readers 7 '
7 ' 10 sensitivity
8 combined 10 sensitivity
9 mri 10 sensitivity
11 and 12 specificity
11 and 13 for
13 for 14 scjd
15 was 20 %
15 was 22 respectively
16 96 18 and
18 and 19 93
18 and 20 %
21 , 22 respectively
22 respectively 23 .

familial cjd had overlapping mri features with scjd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cjd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 familial 2 cjd
2 cjd 3 had
3 had 6 features
3 had 7 with
4 overlapping 6 features
5 mri 6 features
7 with 8 scjd

conclusions : the pattern of flair/dwi hyperintensity and restricted diffusion can differentiate scjd from other rpds with a high sensitivity and specificity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 4 pattern
3 the 4 pattern
4 pattern 5 of
5 of 7 hyperintensity
6 flair/dwi 7 hyperintensity
8 and 10 diffusion
8 and 12 differentiate
9 restricted 10 diffusion
10 diffusion 11 can
11 can 12 differentiate
12 differentiate 13 scjd
12 differentiate 14 from
14 from 21 and
15 other 16 rpds
16 rpds 17 with
16 rpds 21 and
17 with 20 sensitivity
18 a 20 sensitivity
19 high 20 sensitivity
21 and 22 specificity

mri with dwi and adc should be included in scjd diagnostic criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 mri 2 with
1 mri 4 and
2 with 3 dwi
4 and 5 adc
4 and 6 should
6 should 7 be
7 be 8 included
8 included 9 in
9 in 12 criteria
10 scjd 12 criteria
11 diagnostic 12 criteria

new scjd mri criteria are proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 criteria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 .
1 new 2 scjd
2 scjd 4 criteria
3 mri 4 criteria
4 criteria 5 are
5 are 6 proposed

introduction : the survival of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia ( cml ) has improved during the past decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 survival
2 : 15 improved
2 : 20 .
3 the 4 survival
4 survival 5 of
4 survival 14 has
5 of 6 patients
6 patients 7 with
7 with 10 leukemia
8 chronic 10 leukemia
9 myelocytic 10 leukemia
10 leukemia 12 cml
11 ( 12 cml
12 cml 13 )
14 has 15 improved
15 improved 16 during
16 during 19 decades
17 the 18 past
17 the 19 decades

however , there have been discrepancies between results reported from clinical trials and population - based studies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 however 2 ,
1 however 3 there
3 there 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 discrepancies
6 discrepancies 7 between
6 discrepancies 9 reported
6 discrepancies 10 from
7 between 8 results
10 from 13 and
11 clinical 12 trials
12 trials 13 and
13 and 14 population
15 - 17 studies
15 - 18 .
16 based 17 studies

we aimed to elucidate the extent of these discrepancies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 elucidate
3 to 4 elucidate
4 elucidate 6 extent
5 the 6 extent
6 extent 7 of
7 of 9 discrepancies
8 these 9 discrepancies

results : twenty - nine trials were identified for data extraction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 6 trials
2 : 8 identified
2 : 12 .
3 twenty 4 -
4 - 5 nine
4 - 6 trials
6 trials 7 were
7 were 8 identified
8 identified 9 for
9 for 11 extraction
10 data 11 extraction

the survival rate calculated from seer data was lower than the survival rate in clinical trials in the corresponding period , with differences of 2.1 % - 50.7 % . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 was
1 the 3 rate
2 survival 3 rate
3 rate 4 calculated
3 rate 8 was
4 calculated 5 from
5 from 7 data
6 seer 7 data
8 was 9 lower
9 lower 10 than
9 lower 14 in
9 lower 17 in
10 than 13 rate
11 the 13 rate
12 survival 13 rate
14 in 16 trials
15 clinical 16 trials
17 in 20 period
18 the 20 period
19 corresponding 20 period
20 period 22 with
21 , 22 with
22 with 23 differences
22 with 30 .
23 differences 24 of
23 differences 29 %
24 of 26 %
25 2.1 26 %
27 - 29 %
28 50.7 29 %
29 % 30 .

age - adapted survival was similar for four trials , but differences up to 35.8 % were seen in most . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 survival
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 age 2 -
1 age 4 survival
3 adapted 4 survival
4 survival 5 was
5 was 6 similar
6 similar 7 for
7 for 9 trials
8 four 9 trials
10 , 11 but
11 but 12 differences
11 but 18 seen
12 differences 13 up
12 differences 17 were
13 up 14 to
14 to 16 %
15 35.8 16 %
17 were 18 seen
18 seen 19 in
19 in 20 most

limitations of the study include the lack of information on chemotherapy in the seer database and possible heterogeneity of cases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 limitations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 limitations 2 of
1 limitations 5 include
2 of 4 study
3 the 4 study
5 include 7 lack
5 include 10 on
5 include 12 in
6 the 7 lack
7 lack 8 of
8 of 9 information
10 on 11 chemotherapy
12 in 16 and
13 the 15 database
14 seer 15 database
15 database 16 and
16 and 18 heterogeneity
16 and 19 of
17 possible 18 heterogeneity
19 of 20 cases

discussion : the survival rate in clinical trials of cml treatment is higher than the survival rate of all patients with cml . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 discussion 2 :
2 : 5 rate
3 the 5 rate
4 survival 5 rate
5 rate 6 in
5 rate 13 higher
6 in 8 trials
7 clinical 8 trials
8 trials 9 of
8 trials 11 treatment
8 trials 12 is
9 of 10 cml
11 treatment 12 is
13 higher 14 than
13 higher 21 with
14 than 17 rate
15 the 17 rate
16 survival 17 rate
17 rate 18 of
18 of 20 patients
19 all 20 patients
21 with 22 cml

we speculate that the difference may be a result of access to better medications , selection of healthier patients for trials , and the time necessary for adoption of new treatments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 speculate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 we 2 speculate
2 speculate 3 that
3 that 5 difference
3 that 7 be
4 the 5 difference
5 difference 6 may
6 may 7 be
7 be 9 result
8 a 9 result
9 result 10 of
9 result 12 to
9 result 13 better
10 of 11 access
12 to 13 better
13 better 14 medications
15 , 23 and
16 selection 17 of
16 selection 23 and
17 of 19 patients
18 healthier 19 patients
19 patients 20 for
20 for 21 trials
22 , 23 and
23 and 25 time
23 and 26 necessary
24 the 25 time
26 necessary 27 for
27 for 28 adoption
28 adoption 29 of
29 of 31 treatments
30 new 31 treatments

this finding underscores the need for population - based studies to give a more realistic idea of survival for patients with a given malignancy in the general population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 finding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underscores
1 this 2 finding
2 finding 3 underscores
3 underscores 5 need
4 the 5 need
5 need 6 for
5 need 10 studies
6 for 7 population
8 - 10 studies
9 based 10 studies
10 studies 11 to
10 studies 12 give
10 studies 29 .
11 to 12 give
12 give 16 idea
12 give 21 with
12 give 25 in
13 a 16 idea
14 more 15 realistic
15 realistic 16 idea
16 idea 17 of
16 idea 19 for
17 of 18 survival
19 for 20 patients
21 with 24 malignancy
22 a 24 malignancy
23 given 24 malignancy
25 in 28 population
26 the 28 population
27 general 28 population

aggregation - prone polyglutamine ( polyq ) expansion proteins cause several neurodegenerative disorders , including huntington disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 proteins
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 cause
1 aggregation 4 polyglutamine
1 aggregation 9 proteins
2 - 4 polyglutamine
3 prone 4 polyglutamine
4 polyglutamine 6 polyq
4 polyglutamine 7 )
5 ( 6 polyq
6 polyq 7 )
8 expansion 9 proteins
9 proteins 10 cause
10 cause 13 disorders
11 several 13 disorders
12 neurodegenerative 13 disorders
13 disorders 15 including
14 , 15 including
15 including 17 disease
15 including 18 .
16 huntington 17 disease

the pharmacological activation of cellular stress responses could be a new strategy to combat protein conformational diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 activation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 activation
2 pharmacological 3 activation
3 activation 4 of
3 activation 8 could
4 of 7 responses
5 cellular 6 stress
6 stress 7 responses
8 could 9 be
9 be 12 strategy
10 a 11 new
10 a 12 strategy
11 new 12 strategy
12 strategy 13 to
13 to 17 diseases
14 combat 17 diseases
15 protein 17 diseases
16 conformational 17 diseases

hydroxylamine derivatives act as co - inducers of heat - shock proteins ( hsps ) and can enhance hsp expression in diseased cells , without significant adverse effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 derivatives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
1 hydroxylamine 2 derivatives
2 derivatives 16 and
3 act 4 as
3 act 16 and
4 as 7 inducers
5 co 6 -
5 co 7 inducers
7 inducers 8 of
8 of 9 heat
9 heat 12 proteins
10 - 12 proteins
11 shock 12 proteins
12 proteins 14 hsps
12 proteins 15 )
13 ( 14 hsps
14 hsps 15 )
16 and 17 can
16 and 20 expression
17 can 18 enhance
18 enhance 19 hsp
20 expression 21 in
20 expression 25 without
21 in 23 cells
22 diseased 23 cells
24 , 25 without
25 without 28 effects
25 without 29 .
26 significant 28 effects
27 adverse 28 effects

here , we used caenorhabditis elegans expressing polyq expansions with 35 glutamines fused to the yellow fluorescent protein ( q35 - yfp ) in body wall muscle cells as a model system to investigate the effects of treatment with a novel hydroxylamine derivative , ng - 094 , on the progression of polyq diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 55 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 used
4 used 6 elegans
5 caenorhabditis 6 elegans
6 elegans 7 expressing
6 elegans 13 fused
7 expressing 9 expansions
7 expressing 13 fused
8 polyq 9 expansions
9 expansions 10 with
10 with 12 glutamines
11 35 12 glutamines
13 fused 14 to
13 fused 24 in
13 fused 29 as
13 fused 33 to
13 fused 39 with
14 to 18 protein
15 the 18 protein
16 yellow 18 protein
17 fluorescent 18 protein
18 protein 20 q35
18 protein 22 yfp
19 ( 20 q35
20 q35 21 -
21 - 22 yfp
22 yfp 23 )
24 in 28 cells
25 body 27 muscle
26 wall 27 muscle
27 muscle 28 cells
29 as 32 system
30 a 32 system
31 model 32 system
33 to 34 investigate
34 investigate 36 effects
35 the 36 effects
36 effects 37 of
37 of 38 treatment
39 with 42 hydroxylamine
40 a 42 hydroxylamine
41 novel 42 hydroxylamine
42 hydroxylamine 43 derivative
42 hydroxylamine 52 of
43 derivative 46 -
43 derivative 49 on
44 , 46 -
45 ng 46 -
46 - 47 094
46 - 48 ,
49 on 51 progression
50 the 51 progression
52 of 54 diseases
53 polyq 54 diseases

ng - 094 significantly ameliorated polyq - mediated animal paralysis , reduced the number of q35 - yfp aggregates and delayed polyq - dependent acceleration of aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 094
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 ng 2 -
1 ng 3 094
3 094 11 ,
4 significantly 5 ameliorated
5 ameliorated 10 paralysis
5 ameliorated 11 ,
6 polyq 7 -
6 polyq 9 animal
8 mediated 9 animal
9 animal 10 paralysis
11 , 20 and
12 reduced 19 aggregates
12 reduced 20 and
13 the 14 number
14 number 15 of
14 number 19 aggregates
15 of 19 aggregates
16 q35 18 yfp
17 - 18 yfp
18 yfp 19 aggregates
20 and 21 delayed
21 delayed 25 acceleration
22 polyq 23 -
22 polyq 25 acceleration
24 dependent 25 acceleration
25 acceleration 26 of
26 of 27 aging

micromolar concentrations of ng - 094 in animal tissues with only marginal effects on the nematode fitness sufficed to confer protection against polyq proteotoxicity , even when the drug was administered after disease [onset] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 micromolar 2 concentrations
2 concentrations 3 of
2 concentrations 25 ,
3 of 9 tissues
4 ng 9 tissues
5 - 6 094
6 094 7 in
7 in 9 tissues
8 animal 9 tissues
9 tissues 10 with
9 tissues 14 on
10 with 13 effects
11 only 12 marginal
12 marginal 13 effects
14 on 17 fitness
15 the 17 fitness
16 nematode 17 fitness
18 sufficed 19 to
18 sufficed 22 against
18 sufficed 25 ,
19 to 20 confer
20 confer 21 protection
22 against 24 proteotoxicity
23 polyq 24 proteotoxicity
25 , 26 even
25 , 27 when
27 when 29 drug
27 when 31 administered
28 the 29 drug
29 drug 30 was
30 was 31 administered
31 administered 32 after
32 after 33 disease

ng - 094 did not reduce insulin/insulin - like growth factor 1 - like signaling , but conferred cytoprotection by a mechanism involving the heat - shock transcription factor hsf - 1 that potentiated the expression of stress - inducible hsps . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 094
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 ng 3 094
2 - 3 094
3 094 17 but
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 reduce
4 did 17 but
6 reduce 7 insulin/insulin
7 insulin/insulin 9 like
8 - 9 like
9 like 11 factor
9 like 16 ,
10 growth 11 factor
11 factor 12 1
11 factor 14 like
13 - 14 like
14 like 15 signaling
14 like 16 ,
16 , 17 but
17 but 18 conferred
18 conferred 19 cytoprotection
19 cytoprotection 20 by
19 cytoprotection 23 involving
20 by 22 mechanism
21 a 22 mechanism
23 involving 25 heat
24 the 25 heat
25 heat 30 hsf
26 - 30 hsf
27 shock 28 transcription
28 transcription 30 hsf
29 factor 30 hsf
30 hsf 31 -
31 - 32 1
31 - 39 -
32 1 33 that
32 1 34 potentiated
33 that 34 potentiated
34 potentiated 36 expression
35 the 36 expression
36 expression 37 of
37 of 38 stress
39 - 41 hsps
40 inducible 41 hsps

ng [-] 094 is thus a promising candidate for tests on mammalian models of polyq and other protein conformational diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ng
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 ng 3 094
1 ng 4 is
4 is 5 thus
4 is 8 candidate
6 a 7 promising
6 a 8 candidate
7 promising 8 candidate
8 candidate 9 for
8 candidate 14 of
9 for 10 tests
10 tests 11 on
11 on 13 models
12 mammalian 13 models
14 of 16 and
15 polyq 16 and
16 and 20 diseases
17 other 20 diseases
18 protein 20 diseases
19 conformational 20 diseases

context : divergence between gh and igf1 values are often reported in treated acromegalic patients , but the mechanisms of this discrepancy have not been completely explored . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 context
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 context 2 :
2 : 3 divergence
3 divergence 4 between
3 divergence 11 reported
4 between 7 igf1
5 gh 6 and
6 and 7 igf1
7 igf1 8 values
7 igf1 9 are
8 values 9 are
10 often 11 reported
11 reported 12 in
12 in 15 patients
13 treated 15 patients
14 acromegalic 15 patients
16 , 17 but
17 but 19 mechanisms
17 but 27 explored
18 the 19 mechanisms
19 mechanisms 20 of
19 mechanisms 23 have
20 of 22 discrepancy
21 this 22 discrepancy
23 have 24 not
23 have 25 been
25 been 26 completely
25 been 27 explored

objective : to evaluate the frequency of divergence between gh and igf1 values and identify the role of clinical and metabolic factors in treated patients with acromegaly [,] according to the latest criteria of cure published in july 2010 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 11 and
4 evaluate 14 and
5 the 6 frequency
6 frequency 7 of
6 frequency 9 between
6 frequency 11 and
7 of 8 divergence
9 between 10 gh
11 and 12 igf1
11 and 14 and
13 values 14 and
14 and 15 identify
14 and 37 in
14 and 39 2010
15 identify 17 role
16 the 17 role
17 role 18 of
18 of 22 factors
19 clinical 20 and
20 and 21 metabolic
20 and 22 factors
22 factors 23 in
22 factors 26 with
23 in 25 patients
24 treated 25 patients
26 with 29 according
27 acromegaly 29 according
29 according 30 to
29 according 33 criteria
30 to 32 latest
31 the 32 latest
33 criteria 34 of
33 criteria 36 published
34 of 35 cure
37 in 38 july

design : retrospective study of patients ' records between october 2002 and march 2008 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 design
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 design 2 :
2 : 4 study
3 retrospective 4 study
4 study 5 of
5 of 8 records
6 patients 7 '
7 ' 8 records
8 records 9 between
9 between 12 and
10 october 11 2002
10 october 12 and
12 and 13 march
13 march 14 2008

patients were grouped according to their mean gh and igf1 values as ['] controlled ['] [(] normal gh and igf1 ) [,] ['] divergent ['] [(] high [igf1] and normal [gh] [ )(and ['] uncontrolled ['] ( high [gh] [and] [igf1] ) , [and] compared with respect to their clinical characteristics and metabolic markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 values
1 patients 2 were
2 were 3 grouped
3 grouped 5 to
4 according 5 to
5 to 7 mean
6 their 7 mean
7 mean 10 igf1
7 mean 11 values
8 gh 9 and
9 and 10 igf1
10 igf1 11 values
11 values 12 as
12 as 19 and
14 controlled 18 gh
17 normal 18 gh
18 gh 19 and
19 and 20 igf1
19 and 21 )
19 and 24 divergent
24 divergent 29 and
27 high 29 and
29 and 33 )(and
30 normal 33 )(and
33 )(and 35 uncontrolled
35 uncontrolled 38 high
35 uncontrolled 45 compared
35 uncontrolled 46 with
37 ( 38 high
38 high 42 )
43 , 45 compared
46 with 47 respect
47 respect 48 to
48 to 52 and
49 their 51 characteristics
50 clinical 51 characteristics
51 characteristics 52 and
52 and 54 markers
52 and 55 .
53 metabolic 54 markers

results : patients ( n=104 ) were grouped as ['] controlled ['] [(] n=20 [ )(, ['] divergent ['] [(] n=43 [ )(and ['] uncontrolled ['] ( n=41 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 patients
2 : 8 grouped
2 : 30 .
3 patients 5 n=104
3 patients 7 were
4 ( 5 n=104
5 n=104 6 )
7 were 8 grouped
8 grouped 9 as
9 as 14 n=20
11 controlled 14 n=20
14 n=20 23 )(and
16 )(, 23 )(and
18 divergent 21 n=43
21 n=43 23 )(and
23 )(and 25 uncontrolled
23 )(and 28 n=41
23 )(and 29 )
27 ( 28 n=41
28 n=41 29 )

more patients in the divergent group ( 93 % ) and uncontrolled group ( 98 % ) were treated with somatostatin analogs than in the controlled group ( 65 % ; p=0.001 for the comparison of the three groups [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 treated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 )(
1 more 2 patients
2 patients 3 in
2 patients 11 and
3 in 6 group
4 the 6 group
5 divergent 6 group
6 group 9 %
7 ( 9 %
8 93 9 %
9 % 10 )
11 and 13 group
11 and 16 %
11 and 18 were
12 uncontrolled 13 group
14 ( 16 %
15 98 16 %
16 % 17 )
18 were 19 treated
19 treated 20 with
19 treated 23 than
20 with 22 analogs
21 somatostatin 22 analogs
23 than 24 in
24 in 27 group
25 the 27 group
26 controlled 27 group
27 group 30 %
28 ( 30 %
29 65 30 %
30 % 31 ;
31 ; 32 p=0.001
31 ; 39 groups
32 p=0.001 33 for
32 p=0.001 36 of
32 p=0.001 39 groups
33 for 35 comparison
34 the 35 comparison
36 of 38 three
37 the 38 three

patients in the divergent group had higher fasting blood glucose ( 0.94 g/l [(] interquartile range [:] 0.83 - 1.17 [ )( )( systolic blood pressure ( 130 mmhg [(] 120 - 140 ) compared with the controlled group [(] 0.84 g/l ( 0.80 - 0.92 [ )( p=0.017 [ )(and 120 mmhg [(] interquartile range [:] 110 - 130 [;] p=0.029 [ )( 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 patients
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 had
1 patients 2 in
1 patients 6 had
2 in 5 group
3 the 5 group
4 divergent 5 group
6 had 10 glucose
7 higher 10 glucose
8 fasting 10 glucose
9 blood 10 glucose
10 glucose 19 -
11 ( 19 -
12 0.94 13 g/l
13 g/l 16 range
15 interquartile 16 range
16 range 18 0.83
16 range 19 -
19 - 25 blood
20 1.17 25 blood
24 systolic 25 blood
25 blood 26 pressure
25 blood 35 compared
26 pressure 32 -
26 pressure 35 compared
27 ( 32 -
28 130 29 mmhg
28 130 32 -
29 mmhg 31 120
32 - 33 140
32 - 34 )
35 compared 36 with
35 compared 45 -
36 with 39 group
36 with 42 g/l
37 the 39 group
38 controlled 39 group
41 0.84 42 g/l
43 ( 45 -
44 0.80 45 -
45 - 51 )(and
46 0.92 49 p=0.017
49 p=0.017 51 )(and
51 )(and 56 range
51 )(and 62 p=0.029
52 120 53 mmhg
53 mmhg 55 interquartile
55 interquartile 56 range
56 range 58 110
59 - 62 p=0.029
60 130 62 p=0.029
62 p=0.029 64 )(

in patients with divergent igf1/gh levels , fasting glucose and gh were both strongly associated with igf1 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 in 2 patients
1 in 10 and
2 patients 3 with
3 with 5 igf1/gh
4 divergent 5 igf1/gh
6 levels 7 ,
7 , 9 glucose
7 , 10 and
8 fasting 9 glucose
10 and 11 gh
10 and 12 were
12 were 13 both
13 both 15 associated
14 strongly 15 associated
15 associated 16 with
16 with 17 igf1

conclusion : [totally] 41 % of treated acromegalic patients had a high igf1 and normal gh level . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 %
2 : 10 had
2 : 18 .
4 41 5 %
5 % 6 of
5 % 10 had
6 of 9 patients
7 treated 9 patients
8 acromegalic 9 patients
10 had 12 high
11 a 12 high
12 high 14 and
12 high 17 level
13 igf1 14 and
14 and 16 gh
14 and 17 level
15 normal 16 gh

in these divergent patients treated with somatostatin analogs , these clinical and metabolic parameters might either play a causal role or be a marker for disease activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 4 patients
1 in 9 ,
2 these 4 patients
3 divergent 4 patients
5 treated 6 with
5 treated 9 ,
6 with 8 analogs
7 somatostatin 8 analogs
9 , 21 or
10 these 14 parameters
11 clinical 12 and
12 and 13 metabolic
12 and 14 parameters
14 parameters 15 might
15 might 21 or
16 either 21 or
17 play 20 role
17 play 21 or
18 a 19 causal
18 a 20 role
19 causal 20 role
21 or 22 be
22 be 24 marker
23 a 24 marker
24 marker 25 for
25 for 27 activity
26 disease 27 activity

background : active ageing is a key to healthy ageing ; shopping behaviour is an economically relevant activity of the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
2 : 4 ageing
2 : 5 is
2 : 11 ;
3 active 4 ageing
4 ageing 5 is
5 is 7 key
6 a 7 key
7 key 8 to
8 to 10 ageing
9 healthy 10 ageing
11 ; 13 behaviour
11 ; 14 is
12 shopping 13 behaviour
13 behaviour 14 is
14 is 18 activity
15 an 16 economically
15 an 18 activity
16 economically 17 relevant
17 relevant 18 activity
18 activity 19 of
19 of 21 elderly
20 the 21 elderly

methods : analysis was based on the nahsit 1999 - 2000 dataset . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 analysis
2 : 5 based
2 : 13 .
3 analysis 4 was
4 was 5 based
5 based 6 on
6 on 12 dataset
7 the 12 dataset
8 nahsit 10 -
8 nahsit 12 dataset
9 1999 10 -
10 - 11 2000

a total of 1841 representative free - living elderly taiwanese people were selected and information included demographics , socioeconomic status , health behaviours , shopping frequencies , physical function and cognitive function . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 total
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 selected
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
1 a 2 total
2 total 3 of
2 total 12 were
3 of 11 people
4 1841 11 people
5 representative 11 people
6 free 7 -
6 free 11 people
8 living 11 people
9 elderly 11 people
10 taiwanese 11 people
12 were 13 selected
14 and 15 information
14 and 16 included
15 information 16 included
16 included 17 demographics
17 demographics 20 status
17 demographics 30 and
18 , 20 status
19 socioeconomic 20 status
20 status 21 ,
21 , 30 and
22 health 23 behaviours
23 behaviours 24 ,
24 , 26 frequencies
24 , 27 ,
25 shopping 26 frequencies
27 , 29 function
27 , 30 and
28 physical 29 function
30 and 32 function
30 and 33 .
31 cognitive 32 function

these data were linked to official death records . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 these 2 data
2 data 3 were
3 were 4 linked
4 linked 5 to
5 to 8 records
6 official 7 death
7 death 8 records

cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate shopping frequency on death from 1999 - 2008 with possible covariate adjustment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cox
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 cox 3 hazard
1 cox 17 with
2 proportional 3 hazard
3 hazard 4 models
3 hazard 8 evaluate
4 models 5 were
5 were 6 used
6 used 7 to
6 used 8 evaluate
7 to 8 evaluate
8 evaluate 10 frequency
8 evaluate 11 on
9 shopping 10 frequency
11 on 12 death
12 death 15 -
13 from 15 -
14 1999 15 -
15 - 16 2008
17 with 20 adjustment
18 possible 19 covariate
19 covariate 20 adjustment

results : highly frequent shopping compared to never [or] rarely predicted survival ( hr 0.54 , 95 % ci 0.43 to 0.67 ) with adjustment for physical [function] and cognitive function and other covariates hr was 0.73 ( 95 % ci 0.56 to 0.93 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 frequent
2 : 46 .
3 highly 4 frequent
4 frequent 5 shopping
5 shopping 6 compared
6 compared 7 to
6 compared 24 with
7 to 12 survival
8 never 11 predicted
10 rarely 11 predicted
11 predicted 12 survival
12 survival 14 hr
12 survival 19 ci
13 ( 14 hr
14 hr 15 0.54
14 hr 16 ,
16 , 19 ci
17 95 19 ci
18 % 19 ci
19 ci 21 to
19 ci 23 )
20 0.43 21 to
21 to 22 0.67
24 with 32 and
24 with 37 0.73
25 adjustment 26 for
25 adjustment 32 and
26 for 29 and
27 physical 29 and
29 and 31 function
30 cognitive 31 function
32 and 34 covariates
32 and 35 hr
32 and 36 was
33 other 34 covariates
35 hr 36 was
37 0.73 41 ci
38 ( 41 ci
39 95 41 ci
40 % 41 ci
41 ci 43 to
41 ci 45 )
42 0.56 43 to
43 to 44 0.93

[elderly] who [shopped] every day have 27 % less risk [of] death than the least frequent shoppers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 who
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
2 who 6 have
4 every 5 day
5 day 6 have
6 have 8 %
6 have 9 less
6 have 10 risk
7 27 8 %
10 risk 12 death
10 risk 13 than
13 than 17 shoppers
14 the 17 shoppers
15 least 16 frequent
16 frequent 17 shoppers

men benefited more from everyday shopping than women with decreased hr 28 % versus 23 % compared to the least . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 men
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 benefited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 men 2 benefited
2 benefited 3 more
2 benefited 4 from
2 benefited 7 than
2 benefited 9 with
2 benefited 20 least
4 from 6 shopping
5 everyday 6 shopping
7 than 8 women
9 with 11 hr
10 decreased 11 hr
11 hr 13 %
11 hr 18 to
12 28 13 %
13 % 14 versus
13 % 17 compared
14 versus 16 %
15 23 16 %
17 compared 18 to
19 the 20 least

conclusion : shopping behaviour favourably predicts survival . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 behaviour
2 : 6 predicts
2 : 8 .
3 shopping 4 behaviour
4 behaviour 6 predicts
5 favourably 6 predicts
6 predicts 7 survival

highly frequent shopping may favour men more than women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shopping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 favour
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 highly 2 frequent
2 frequent 3 shopping
3 shopping 4 may
4 may 5 favour
5 favour 6 men
5 favour 7 more
5 favour 8 than
8 than 9 women

shopping captures several dimensions of personal well - being , health and security as well as contributing to the community 's cohesiveness and economy and may [represent] [or] actually confer increased longevity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 shopping
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 captures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 confer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 shopping 2 captures
2 captures 4 dimensions
3 several 4 dimensions
4 dimensions 5 of
5 of 7 well
6 personal 7 well
8 - 9 being
8 - 10 ,
8 - 12 and
10 , 11 health
12 and 13 security
12 and 25 and
13 security 16 as
13 security 25 and
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 17 contributing
17 contributing 18 to
18 to 20 community
19 the 20 community
21 's 23 and
21 's 25 and
22 cohesiveness 23 and
23 and 24 economy
25 and 26 may
26 may 30 confer
29 actually 30 confer
30 confer 32 longevity
31 increased 32 longevity

[none] [in] this column orem 's self [-] care deficit model and holzkamp 's critical learning theory are used to discuss the story of an older adult haitian woman with an interview with a haitian nurse leader , mme [.] suze n'lemba . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 column
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 used
3 this 4 column
4 column 12 and
4 column 18 are
4 column 19 used
5 orem 6 's
6 's 11 model
7 self 9 care
9 care 11 model
10 deficit 11 model
11 model 12 and
12 and 15 critical
12 and 16 learning
12 and 18 are
13 holzkamp 14 's
14 's 15 critical
16 learning 17 theory
19 used 20 to
19 used 21 discuss
20 to 21 discuss
21 discuss 23 story
21 discuss 30 with
21 discuss 33 with
22 the 23 story
23 story 24 of
24 of 29 woman
25 an 29 woman
26 older 27 adult
27 adult 29 woman
28 haitian 29 woman
30 with 32 interview
31 an 32 interview
33 with 37 leader
34 a 35 haitian
34 a 37 leader
35 haitian 37 leader
36 nurse 37 leader
37 leader 42 n'lemba
38 , 42 n'lemba
39 mme 41 suze
41 suze 42 n'lemba
42 n'lemba 43 .

older adults in haiti today are seen as a group at very high risk due in part to the conditions in the country , and they are in need of considerable guidance in nursing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adults
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 seen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 older 2 adults
2 adults 3 in
2 adults 5 today
2 adults 6 are
3 in 4 haiti
6 are 7 seen
7 seen 8 as
7 seen 11 at
8 as 10 group
9 a 10 group
11 at 14 risk
12 very 13 high
13 high 14 risk
14 risk 15 due
15 due 17 part
16 in 17 part
17 part 18 to
18 to 20 conditions
19 the 20 conditions
20 conditions 21 in
21 in 23 country
22 the 23 country
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 they
25 and 27 are
26 they 27 are
27 are 28 in
27 are 33 in
28 in 29 need
29 need 30 of
30 of 32 guidance
31 considerable 32 guidance
33 in 34 nursing

however the current number of nurses and nurse educators in haiti , and the extremely limited resources there , make it unlikely that the vast majority of these individuals will receive what they need . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 make
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 however 13 and
2 the 4 number
3 current 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 13 and
5 of 13 and
6 nurses 7 and
7 and 9 educators
7 and 10 in
7 and 13 and
8 nurse 9 educators
10 in 11 haiti
12 , 13 and
13 and 17 resources
13 and 19 ,
13 and 20 make
14 the 17 resources
15 extremely 16 limited
16 limited 17 resources
17 resources 18 there
20 make 21 it
20 make 22 unlikely
22 unlikely 23 that
23 that 29 individuals
23 that 31 receive
24 the 26 majority
25 vast 26 majority
26 majority 27 of
26 majority 29 individuals
27 of 29 individuals
28 these 29 individuals
29 individuals 30 will
30 will 31 receive
31 receive 32 what
32 what 33 they
32 what 34 need
33 they 34 need

therefore what is needed at this time are international nursing partnerships and assistance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 what
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 therefore 2 what
2 what 3 is
2 what 8 are
3 is 4 needed
4 needed 5 at
5 at 7 time
6 this 7 time
8 are 12 and
9 international 10 nursing
10 nursing 11 partnerships
11 partnerships 12 and
12 and 13 assistance

introduction : changes in personality differ qualitatively and quantitatively among patients with different neurodegenerative diseases , likely due to divergent patterns of regional neurodegeneration . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 changes
2 : 6 differ
3 changes 4 in
3 changes 6 differ
4 in 5 personality
6 differ 8 and
6 differ 10 among
6 differ 12 with
7 qualitatively 8 and
8 and 9 quantitatively
10 among 11 patients
12 with 15 diseases
13 different 15 diseases
14 neurodegenerative 15 diseases
15 diseases 17 likely
16 , 17 likely
17 likely 19 to
17 likely 25 .
18 due 19 to
19 to 21 patterns
20 divergent 21 patterns
21 patterns 22 of
22 of 24 neurodegeneration
23 regional 24 neurodegeneration

regional damage to circuits underlying various cognitive and emotional functions have been associated with interpersonal traits like dominance , extraversion , and warmth in patients with neurodegenerative diseases , suggesting that personality may [in] part be mediated by these more basic neuropsychological functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 mediated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 regional 2 damage
2 damage 3 to
2 damage 19 ,
3 to 4 circuits
4 circuits 10 functions
4 circuits 12 been
4 circuits 13 associated
4 circuits 17 like
5 underlying 10 functions
6 various 10 functions
7 cognitive 8 and
8 and 9 emotional
8 and 10 functions
10 functions 11 have
11 have 12 been
13 associated 14 with
14 with 16 traits
15 interpersonal 16 traits
17 like 18 dominance
19 , 20 extraversion
19 , 22 and
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 warmth
22 and 29 ,
22 and 30 suggesting
22 and 32 personality
22 and 35 part
22 and 36 be
23 warmth 24 in
23 warmth 26 with
24 in 25 patients
26 with 28 diseases
27 neurodegenerative 28 diseases
30 suggesting 31 that
32 personality 33 may
33 may 35 part
36 be 37 mediated
37 mediated 38 by
38 by 43 functions
39 these 43 functions
40 more 41 basic
41 basic 43 functions
42 neuropsychological 43 functions

in this study , we hypothesized that different combinations of cognitive , neuropsychiatric , and emotional measures would predict different interpersonal traits in patients with neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 we
2 this 3 study
5 we 6 hypothesized
6 hypothesized 9 combinations
6 hypothesized 19 predict
7 that 8 different
8 different 9 combinations
9 combinations 10 of
9 combinations 18 would
10 of 17 measures
11 cognitive 12 ,
12 , 13 neuropsychiatric
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 emotional
15 and 17 measures
18 would 19 predict
19 predict 22 traits
19 predict 23 in
19 predict 25 with
20 different 22 traits
21 interpersonal 22 traits
23 in 24 patients
25 with 27 diseases
26 neurodegenerative 27 diseases

methods : a battery of cognitive , neuropsychiatric , and emotional measures was administered to 286 patients with various neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer 's disease , behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia , semantic dementia , and progressive supranuclear palsy , and informants described patients ' dominance , extraversion , and warmth using the interpersonal adjective scales ( ias ) personality questionnaire . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 battery
2 : 14 administered
2 : 27 ,
3 a 4 battery
4 battery 5 of
4 battery 13 was
5 of 12 measures
6 cognitive 7 ,
7 , 8 neuropsychiatric
7 , 10 and
9 , 10 and
10 and 11 emotional
10 and 12 measures
13 was 14 administered
14 administered 15 to
14 administered 18 with
14 administered 23 as
15 to 17 patients
16 286 17 patients
18 with 21 diseases
19 various 21 diseases
20 neurodegenerative 21 diseases
22 such 23 as
23 as 26 disease
24 alzheimer 25 's
25 's 26 disease
27 , 34 dementia
27 , 36 and
28 behavioral 29 variant
29 variant 34 dementia
30 frontotemporal 34 dementia
31 dementia 32 ,
31 dementia 34 dementia
33 semantic 34 dementia
35 , 36 and
36 and 41 and
36 and 43 described
37 progressive 39 palsy
38 supranuclear 39 palsy
39 palsy 41 and
40 , 41 and
41 and 42 informants
41 and 43 described
43 described 50 and
44 patients 45 '
45 ' 46 dominance
46 dominance 47 ,
47 , 48 extraversion
47 , 50 and
49 , 50 and
50 and 51 warmth
50 and 62 .
51 warmth 52 using
52 using 61 questionnaire
53 the 61 questionnaire
54 interpersonal 55 adjective
55 adjective 61 questionnaire
56 scales 58 ias
57 ( 58 ias
58 ias 59 )
58 ias 60 personality
60 personality 61 questionnaire

regression modeling was performed to identify [which] neuropsychological factors uniquely predicted current personality , controlling for age , gender , and premorbid personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 regression
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 predicted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 regression 2 modeling
1 regression 6 identify
1 regression 11 predicted
2 modeling 3 was
3 was 4 performed
4 performed 5 to
5 to 6 identify
6 identify 9 factors
6 identify 10 uniquely
8 neuropsychological 9 factors
11 predicted 21 and
12 current 13 personality
13 personality 14 ,
14 , 15 controlling
14 , 21 and
15 controlling 16 for
16 for 17 age
17 age 19 gender
18 , 19 gender
19 gender 20 ,
20 , 21 and
21 and 23 personality
22 premorbid 23 personality

results : social dominance covaried with patients ' capacity for cognitive control and verbal fluency . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
2 : 4 dominance
2 : 5 covaried
3 social 4 dominance
4 dominance 5 covaried
5 covaried 6 with
5 covaried 10 for
6 with 9 capacity
7 patients 8 '
8 ' 9 capacity
10 for 13 and
11 cognitive 12 control
12 control 13 and
13 and 15 fluency
14 verbal 15 fluency

conversely , warmth did not rely on these executive or verbal skills , but covaried primarily with patients ' capacity for emotional responsiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 warmth
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 conversely 2 ,
1 conversely 3 warmth
3 warmth 14 but
4 did 5 not
4 did 6 rely
4 did 14 but
6 rely 7 on
7 on 12 skills
8 these 12 skills
9 executive 10 or
10 or 11 verbal
10 or 12 skills
13 , 14 but
14 but 15 covaried
15 covaried 16 primarily
16 primarily 17 with
17 with 20 capacity
18 patients 19 '
19 ' 20 capacity
20 capacity 21 for
21 for 23 responsiveness
22 emotional 23 responsiveness

extraversion , representing a blend of dominance and warmth , demonstrated an intermediate degree [of] relationship to both executive/verbal and emotional functions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 extraversion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 extraversion 3 representing
1 extraversion 11 demonstrated
2 , 3 representing
3 representing 5 blend
3 representing 10 ,
4 a 5 blend
5 blend 6 of
6 of 8 and
7 dominance 8 and
8 and 9 warmth
11 demonstrated 16 relationship
11 demonstrated 17 to
12 an 13 intermediate
12 an 16 relationship
13 intermediate 14 degree
14 degree 16 relationship
17 to 22 functions
18 both 22 functions
19 executive/verbal 20 and
20 and 21 emotional
20 and 22 functions

conclusions : these findings suggest that different personality traits are partly subserved by specific cognitive and emotional functions in neurodegenerative disease patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 findings
2 : 5 suggest
2 : 23 .
3 these 4 findings
4 findings 5 suggest
5 suggest 8 personality
6 that 7 different
7 different 8 personality
8 personality 9 traits
8 personality 10 are
8 personality 12 subserved
9 traits 10 are
11 partly 12 subserved
12 subserved 13 by
12 subserved 19 in
13 by 18 functions
14 specific 18 functions
15 cognitive 16 and
16 and 17 emotional
16 and 18 functions
19 in 22 patients
20 neurodegenerative 21 disease
21 disease 22 patients

while this study was performed in the context of brain damage , the results raise the question of whether individual differences in these neuropsychological abilities may also underlie variability in normal personality . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 raise
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 while 3 study
1 while 5 performed
1 while 12 ,
1 while 14 results
2 this 3 study
3 study 4 was
4 was 5 performed
5 performed 6 in
6 in 8 context
7 the 8 context
8 context 9 of
9 of 11 damage
10 brain 11 damage
13 the 14 results
14 results 15 raise
15 raise 17 question
16 the 17 question
17 question 18 of
18 of 19 whether
19 whether 21 differences
19 whether 28 underlie
20 individual 21 differences
21 differences 22 in
21 differences 26 may
22 in 25 abilities
23 these 25 abilities
24 neuropsychological 25 abilities
26 may 28 underlie
27 also 28 underlie
28 underlie 29 variability
28 underlie 30 in
30 in 32 personality
31 normal 32 personality

this study examines the importance of variables from the theory of planned behaviour ( i.e [.] , attitudes toward behaviour , subjective norms , and perceived control ) for the prediction of consumption of anxiolytic and sedative - hypnotic ( ash ) medications in a sample of older persons , aged 69 years on average , 62 consumers and 92 [non] - consumers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 examines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 64 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 examines
3 examines 5 importance
3 examines 8 from
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 7 variables
8 from 10 theory
9 the 10 theory
10 theory 11 of
10 theory 15 i.e
11 of 13 behaviour
12 planned 13 behaviour
14 ( 15 i.e
15 i.e 17 ,
17 , 25 and
17 , 51 aged
17 , 56 ,
18 attitudes 19 toward
18 attitudes 25 and
19 toward 20 behaviour
20 behaviour 23 norms
21 , 23 norms
22 subjective 23 norms
23 norms 24 ,
24 , 25 and
25 and 27 control
25 and 28 )
25 and 29 for
25 and 51 aged
26 perceived 27 control
29 for 31 prediction
30 the 31 prediction
31 prediction 32 of
31 prediction 43 medications
32 of 33 consumption
33 consumption 34 of
34 of 36 and
35 anxiolytic 36 and
36 and 37 sedative
38 - 43 medications
39 hypnotic 41 ash
39 hypnotic 43 medications
40 ( 41 ash
41 ash 42 )
43 medications 44 in
43 medications 47 of
43 medications 50 ,
44 in 46 sample
45 a 46 sample
47 of 49 persons
48 older 49 persons
51 aged 53 years
51 aged 55 average
52 69 53 years
54 on 55 average
56 , 58 consumers
56 , 59 and
57 62 58 consumers
59 and 60 92
59 and 62 -
60 92 62 -
62 - 63 consumers

a favourable attitude toward ash and a sense of having less control regarding these drugs predict both current usage and intention to continue . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 favourable
1 a 3 attitude
2 favourable 3 attitude
3 attitude 4 toward
3 attitude 6 and
4 toward 5 ash
6 and 8 sense
6 and 20 and
7 a 8 sense
8 sense 9 of
9 of 10 having
10 having 12 control
10 having 16 predict
11 less 12 control
12 control 13 regarding
13 regarding 15 drugs
14 these 15 drugs
16 predict 19 usage
17 both 18 current
18 current 19 usage
20 and 21 intention
20 and 22 to
20 and 23 continue
22 to 23 continue

perceived control predicts intention to start consumption of ash in current [non] - consumers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 predicts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 perceived 2 control
2 control 3 predicts
3 predicts 4 intention
3 predicts 5 to
5 to 6 start
6 start 7 consumption
6 start 10 in
7 consumption 8 of
8 of 9 ash
10 in 14 consumers
11 current 13 -
11 current 14 consumers

this study underlines the importance of considering the role of the older person 's decisional power in the consumption of these medications . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underlines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 underlines
3 underlines 5 importance
4 the 5 importance
5 importance 6 of
6 of 7 considering
7 considering 9 role
7 considering 17 in
8 the 9 role
9 role 10 of
10 of 16 power
11 the 13 person
12 older 13 person
13 person 14 's
14 's 16 power
15 decisional 16 power
17 in 19 consumption
18 the 19 consumption
19 consumption 20 of
20 of 22 medications
21 these 22 medications

unlabelled : adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ , producing various adipokines and many other substances . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 unlabelled
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 tissue
2 : 5 is
3 adipose 4 tissue
4 tissue 5 is
5 is 9 organ
6 the 7 largest
6 the 9 organ
8 endocrine 9 organ
9 organ 11 producing
10 , 11 producing
11 producing 14 and
11 producing 18 .
12 various 13 adipokines
13 adipokines 14 and
14 and 17 substances
15 many 16 other
16 other 17 substances

almost all blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue ( pvat ) , which has not received research attention until recently . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 vessels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 surrounded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 almost 2 all
2 all 4 vessels
3 blood 4 vessels
4 vessels 5 are
5 are 6 surrounded
6 surrounded 7 by
7 by 10 tissue
8 perivascular 9 adipose
9 adipose 10 tissue
10 tissue 12 pvat
11 ( 12 pvat
12 pvat 13 )
14 , 15 which
14 , 18 received
15 which 16 has
16 has 17 not
16 has 18 received
18 received 20 attention
18 received 21 until
19 research 20 attention
21 until 22 recently

this review will discuss the paracrine actions of pvat on the growth of underlying vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 discuss
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 review
2 review 3 will
3 will 4 discuss
4 discuss 7 actions
4 discuss 10 on
5 the 7 actions
6 paracrine 7 actions
7 actions 8 of
8 of 9 pvat
10 on 12 growth
11 the 12 growth
12 growth 13 of
13 of 14 underlying
14 underlying 18 cells
15 vascular 17 muscle
16 smooth 17 muscle
17 muscle 18 cells
18 cells 20 vsmcs
19 ( 20 vsmcs
20 vsmcs 21 )

pvat can release growth factors and inhibitors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pvat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 release
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 pvat 2 can
2 can 3 release
3 release 6 and
4 growth 5 factors
5 factors 6 and
6 and 7 inhibitors

visfatin is the first identified growth factor derived from pvat . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 visfatin
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 visfatin 2 is
2 is 4 first
3 the 4 first
4 first 5 identified
4 first 9 from
5 identified 8 derived
6 growth 8 derived
7 factor 8 derived
9 from 10 pvat

decreased adiponectin and increased tumour necrosis factor - α in pvat play a pathological role for neointimal hyperplasia after endovascular injury . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 decreased 2 adiponectin
2 adiponectin 3 and
3 and 7 factor
3 and 8 -
3 and 9 α
3 and 12 play
4 increased 5 tumour
5 tumour 7 factor
6 necrosis 7 factor
9 α 10 in
10 in 11 pvat
12 play 15 role
12 play 19 after
13 a 14 pathological
13 a 15 role
14 pathological 15 role
15 role 16 for
16 for 18 hyperplasia
17 neointimal 18 hyperplasia
19 after 21 injury
20 endovascular 21 injury

pvat - derived angiotensin ii , angiotensin 1 - 7 , reactive oxygen species , complement component 3 , no and [h] [(] 2 [ )(s have a paracrine action on vsmc contraction , endothelial or fibroblast function [;] however [,] their paracrine actions on vsmc growth remain to be directly verified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 pvat
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 -
2 - 4 angiotensin
2 - 11 ,
3 derived 4 angiotensin
4 angiotensin 5 ii
4 angiotensin 7 angiotensin
6 , 7 angiotensin
7 angiotensin 9 -
7 angiotensin 11 ,
8 1 9 -
9 - 10 7
11 , 14 species
11 , 15 ,
12 reactive 13 oxygen
13 oxygen 14 species
15 , 16 complement
15 , 19 ,
16 complement 17 component
17 component 18 3
19 , 20 no
19 , 21 and
21 and 26 )(s
21 and 27 have
24 2 26 )(s
26 )(s 27 have
27 have 36 or
27 have 38 function
28 a 30 action
29 paracrine 30 action
30 action 31 on
30 action 34 ,
31 on 33 contraction
32 vsmc 33 contraction
34 , 35 endothelial
34 , 36 or
36 or 37 fibroblast
38 function 40 however
40 however 44 actions
40 however 52 verified
42 their 44 actions
43 paracrine 44 actions
44 actions 45 on
44 actions 48 remain
45 on 47 growth
46 vsmc 47 growth
48 remain 49 to
49 to 50 be
50 be 52 verified
51 directly 52 verified
52 verified 53 .

factors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1 , interleukin - 6 , interleukin - 8 , leptin , resistin , plasminogen activator inhibitor type - 1 , adrenomedullin , free fatty acids , glucocorticoids and sex hormones can be released from adipose tissue and can regulate vsmc growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 chemoattractant
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 factors 3 as
1 factors 5 chemoattractant
2 such 3 as
3 as 4 monocyte
5 chemoattractant 6 protein
6 protein 8 1
7 - 8 1
8 1 9 ,
9 , 10 interleukin
9 , 11 -
11 - 12 6
11 - 21 ,
12 6 14 interleukin
13 , 14 interleukin
14 interleukin 16 8
14 interleukin 21 ,
15 - 16 8
16 8 18 leptin
16 8 20 resistin
16 8 21 ,
17 , 18 leptin
18 leptin 19 ,
19 , 20 resistin
20 resistin 21 ,
21 , 25 type
21 , 26 -
22 plasminogen 23 activator
23 activator 25 type
24 inhibitor 25 type
26 - 27 1
26 - 28 ,
28 , 36 and
29 adrenomedullin 30 ,
30 , 33 acids
30 , 34 ,
31 free 33 acids
32 fatty 33 acids
34 , 35 glucocorticoids
34 , 36 and
36 and 38 hormones
36 and 45 and
37 sex 38 hormones
39 can 40 be
39 can 45 and
40 be 41 released
41 released 42 from
42 from 44 tissue
43 adipose 44 tissue
45 and 46 can
45 and 49 growth
46 can 47 regulate
47 regulate 48 vsmc

most of them have been verified for their secretion by pvat ; however , their paracrine functions are unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 them
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 verified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 most 2 of
1 most 3 them
2 of 3 them
3 them 4 have
4 have 5 been
5 been 6 verified
6 verified 7 for
6 verified 10 by
7 for 9 secretion
8 their 9 secretion
10 by 11 pvat
12 ; 17 functions
12 ; 18 are
13 however 14 ,
13 however 17 functions
15 their 17 functions
16 paracrine 17 functions
17 functions 18 are
18 are 19 unknown

obesity , vascular injury , aging and infection may affect pvat , causing adipocyte abnormality and inflammatory cell infiltration , inducing imbalance of pvat - derived growth factors and inhibitors , leading to vsmc growth and finally resulting in development of proliferative vascular disease , including atherosclerosis , restenosis and hypertension . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 52 .
1 obesity 2 ,
2 , 4 injury
2 , 5 ,
3 vascular 4 injury
5 , 6 aging
5 , 7 and
7 and 8 infection
7 and 9 may
9 may 10 affect
10 affect 11 pvat
12 , 16 and
12 , 45 ,
13 causing 15 abnormality
14 adipocyte 15 abnormality
15 abnormality 16 and
16 and 19 infiltration
16 and 20 ,
16 and 21 inducing
17 inflammatory 19 infiltration
18 cell 19 infiltration
21 inducing 22 imbalance
22 imbalance 23 of
22 imbalance 32 leading
23 of 24 pvat
24 pvat 29 and
25 - 29 and
26 derived 27 growth
27 growth 28 factors
28 factors 29 and
29 and 30 inhibitors
29 and 31 ,
32 leading 33 to
32 leading 36 and
32 leading 39 in
33 to 34 vsmc
35 growth 36 and
36 and 37 finally
36 and 38 resulting
39 in 40 development
40 development 41 of
41 of 44 disease
42 proliferative 44 disease
43 vascular 44 disease
45 , 50 and
46 including 47 atherosclerosis
47 atherosclerosis 48 ,
48 , 49 restenosis
48 , 50 and
50 and 51 hypertension

in the future , using cell - specific gene interventions and local treatments may provide definitive evidence for identification of [key] factor [(] [s] ) involved in pvat dysfunction - induced vascular disease and thus may help to develop new therapies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 in 6 cell
1 in 7 -
1 in 11 and
2 the 6 cell
3 future 4 ,
3 future 6 cell
5 using 6 cell
8 specific 9 gene
9 gene 10 interventions
10 interventions 11 and
11 and 12 local
11 and 13 treatments
11 and 20 of
11 and 22 factor
13 treatments 14 may
14 may 15 provide
15 provide 17 evidence
16 definitive 17 evidence
17 evidence 18 for
18 for 19 identification
19 identification 20 of
22 factor 25 )
22 factor 26 involved
22 factor 27 in
27 in 29 dysfunction
28 pvat 29 dysfunction
30 - 34 and
31 induced 33 disease
31 induced 34 and
32 vascular 33 disease
34 and 36 may
35 thus 36 may
36 may 37 help
37 help 38 to
37 help 39 develop
38 to 39 develop
39 develop 41 therapies
40 new 41 therapies

linked articles : this article is part of a themed section on fat and vascular responsiveness . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 articles
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 linked 2 articles
3 : 5 article
3 : 6 is
4 this 5 article
5 article 6 is
6 is 14 and
7 part 8 of
7 part 14 and
8 of 11 section
9 a 10 themed
9 a 11 section
10 themed 11 section
11 section 12 on
12 on 13 fat
14 and 16 responsiveness
15 vascular 16 responsiveness

to view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue - 3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 view
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
1 to 2 view
2 view 5 articles
2 view 6 in
3 the 4 other
4 other 5 articles
6 in 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue
7 this 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue
8 section 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue
9 visit 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue
11 - 12 3
11 - 13 .

mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles responsible for life and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mitochondria
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 mitochondria 2 are
2 are 4 organelles
2 are 5 responsible
3 cytoplasmic 4 organelles
5 responsible 6 for
6 for 8 and
7 life 8 and
8 and 9 death

extensive evidence from animal models , postmortem brain studies [of] and clinical studies of aging and neurodegenerative diseases suggests that mitochondrial function is defective in aging and neurodegenerative diseases , such as alzheimer 's disease , parkinson 's disease , huntington 's disease , and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 suggests
1 extensive 2 evidence
2 evidence 3 from
2 evidence 14 of
2 evidence 19 suggests
3 from 11 and
4 animal 5 models
5 models 6 ,
6 , 9 studies
6 , 11 and
7 postmortem 8 brain
8 brain 9 studies
11 and 13 studies
12 clinical 13 studies
14 of 16 and
15 aging 16 and
16 and 18 diseases
17 neurodegenerative 18 diseases
19 suggests 22 function
19 suggests 23 is
20 that 22 function
21 mitochondrial 22 function
22 function 23 is
23 is 29 diseases
23 is 32 as
24 defective 25 in
24 defective 27 and
25 in 26 aging
27 and 28 neurodegenerative
27 and 29 diseases
30 , 32 as
31 such 32 as
32 as 45 and
32 as 49 .
33 alzheimer 34 's
34 's 35 disease
35 disease 36 ,
36 , 39 disease
36 , 40 ,
37 parkinson 38 's
38 's 39 disease
40 , 43 disease
40 , 45 and
41 huntington 42 's
42 's 43 disease
44 , 45 and
45 and 48 sclerosis
46 amyotrophic 48 sclerosis
47 lateral 48 sclerosis

several lines of research suggest that mitochondrial abnormalities , including defects in oxidative phosphorylation , increased accumulation of mitochondrial dna defects , impaired calcium influx , accumulation of mutant proteins in mitochondria , and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation are important cellular changes in both early and late - onset neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 lines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ,
1 several 2 lines
2 lines 3 of
2 lines 5 suggest
3 of 4 research
5 suggest 8 abnormalities
6 that 7 mitochondrial
7 mitochondrial 8 abnormalities
9 , 34 and
9 , 39 are
9 , 48 -
10 including 11 defects
11 defects 12 in
11 defects 15 ,
12 in 14 phosphorylation
13 oxidative 14 phosphorylation
15 , 17 accumulation
15 , 22 ,
16 increased 17 accumulation
17 accumulation 18 of
18 of 21 defects
19 mitochondrial 21 defects
20 dna 21 defects
22 , 25 influx
22 , 26 ,
23 impaired 24 calcium
24 calcium 25 influx
26 , 27 accumulation
26 , 34 and
27 accumulation 28 of
27 accumulation 31 in
28 of 30 proteins
29 mutant 30 proteins
31 in 32 mitochondria
33 , 34 and
34 and 38 dissipation
34 and 39 are
35 mitochondrial 38 dissipation
36 membrane 38 dissipation
37 potential 38 dissipation
39 are 42 changes
39 are 46 and
40 important 42 changes
41 cellular 42 changes
42 changes 43 in
43 in 44 both
45 early 46 and
46 and 47 late
48 - 51 diseases
48 - 52 .
49 onset 51 diseases
50 neurodegenerative 51 diseases

further , emerging evidence suggests that structural changes in mitochondria , including increased mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased mitochondrial fusion , are critical factors associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in aging and neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 evidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 further 2 ,
1 further 4 evidence
3 emerging 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 suggests
5 suggests 8 changes
6 that 7 structural
7 structural 8 changes
8 changes 9 in
9 in 10 mitochondria
11 , 12 including
11 , 21 are
12 including 16 and
12 including 21 are
13 increased 15 fragmentation
14 mitochondrial 15 fragmentation
15 fragmentation 16 and
16 and 19 fusion
16 and 20 ,
17 decreased 19 fusion
18 mitochondrial 19 fusion
21 are 23 factors
22 critical 23 factors
23 factors 24 associated
23 factors 25 with
25 with 33 and
26 mitochondrial 27 dysfunction
27 dysfunction 28 and
28 and 30 death
28 and 31 in
28 and 33 and
29 cell 30 death
31 in 32 aging
33 and 35 diseases
34 neurodegenerative 35 diseases

this paper discusses research that elucidates features of mitochondria that are associated with cellular dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and discusses mitochondrial structural and functional changes , and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 21 and
3 discusses 4 research
3 discusses 13 with
3 discusses 16 in
3 discusses 21 and
4 research 5 that
4 research 6 elucidates
5 that 6 elucidates
6 elucidates 7 features
7 features 8 of
7 features 10 that
7 features 11 are
8 of 9 mitochondria
10 that 11 are
11 are 12 associated
13 with 15 dysfunction
14 cellular 15 dysfunction
16 in 18 and
17 aging 18 and
18 and 20 diseases
19 neurodegenerative 20 diseases
21 and 22 discusses
21 and 33 in
22 discusses 29 and
23 mitochondrial 27 changes
24 structural 25 and
25 and 26 functional
25 and 27 changes
27 changes 29 and
28 , 29 and
29 and 32 dynamics
30 abnormal 32 dynamics
31 mitochondrial 32 dynamics
33 in 35 diseases
34 neurodegenerative 35 diseases

it also outlines mitochondria - targeted therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 outlines
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 it 3 outlines
2 also 3 outlines
3 outlines 7 therapeutics
3 outlines 8 in
4 mitochondria 5 -
4 mitochondria 7 therapeutics
6 targeted 7 therapeutics
8 in 10 diseases
9 neurodegenerative 10 diseases

none the aim of study was to track a cumulative changes of amplitude [-] time parametres of components n1 , n2 and p300 of acoustic evoked potential in experimental situations different in complexity ( at the account and listening of sounds ) and to [compare] the received distinctions at examinees of young and mature age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 none
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 track
1 none 3 aim
1 none 7 to
1 none 8 track
2 the 3 aim
3 aim 4 of
3 aim 6 was
4 of 5 study
6 was 7 to
8 track 15 time
9 a 10 cumulative
9 a 15 time
10 cumulative 11 changes
11 changes 12 of
12 of 13 amplitude
15 time 22 and
15 time 26 evoked
16 parametres 17 of
16 parametres 20 ,
17 of 19 n1
18 components 19 n1
20 , 21 n2
20 , 22 and
22 and 23 p300
22 and 26 evoked
23 p300 24 of
24 of 25 acoustic
26 evoked 27 potential
26 evoked 28 in
28 in 30 situations
29 experimental 30 situations
30 situations 31 different
31 different 43 and
32 in 33 complexity
32 in 43 and
33 complexity 35 at
34 ( 35 at
35 at 38 and
35 at 42 )
36 the 37 account
37 account 38 and
38 and 39 listening
39 listening 40 of
40 of 41 sounds
43 and 44 to
44 to 48 distinctions
46 the 48 distinctions
47 received 48 distinctions
48 distinctions 49 at
49 at 50 examinees
50 examinees 51 of
51 of 53 and
52 young 53 and
53 and 55 age
53 and 56 .
54 mature 55 age

erp were recorded at 12 healthy subjects from 18 to 22 ages and 12 subjects from 32 to 59 ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 erp
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 recorded
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 erp 2 were
2 were 3 recorded
3 recorded 4 at
3 recorded 8 from
3 recorded 16 from
4 at 7 subjects
5 12 7 subjects
6 healthy 7 subjects
8 from 13 and
9 18 10 to
10 to 11 22
10 to 12 ages
12 ages 13 and
13 and 15 subjects
14 12 15 subjects
16 from 20 ages
17 32 18 to
18 to 19 59
18 to 20 ages

the two [-] stimuli oddball paradigm was used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 paradigm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 .
1 the 6 paradigm
2 two 4 stimuli
4 stimuli 6 paradigm
5 oddball 6 paradigm
6 paradigm 7 was
7 was 8 used

it is revealed that components n1 , n2 and p300 recorded in the situation of the listenings of sounds without any preliminary instruction do not differ at persons of young and mature age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 revealed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 revealed
3 revealed 4 that
4 that 5 components
4 that 26 differ
5 components 9 and
5 components 11 recorded
5 components 24 do
6 n1 7 ,
7 , 8 n2
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 p300
9 and 11 recorded
11 recorded 12 in
12 in 14 situation
13 the 14 situation
14 situation 15 of
15 of 17 listenings
16 the 17 listenings
17 listenings 18 of
18 of 19 sounds
19 sounds 20 without
20 without 23 instruction
21 any 23 instruction
22 preliminary 23 instruction
24 do 25 not
24 do 26 differ
26 differ 27 at
27 at 28 persons
28 persons 29 of
29 of 33 age
30 young 31 and
31 and 32 mature
31 and 33 age

at examinees of younger age the biger amplitude of component n1 is noted at the account of sounds in comparison with listening [whereas] [the] latency of the one do not change depending on complexity of the task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 amplitude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 noted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 at 2 examinees
1 at 8 amplitude
2 examinees 3 of
3 of 5 age
4 younger 5 age
6 the 8 amplitude
7 biger 8 amplitude
8 amplitude 9 of
8 amplitude 12 is
9 of 11 n1
10 component 11 n1
12 is 13 noted
13 noted 14 at
13 noted 19 in
13 noted 21 with
14 at 16 account
15 the 16 account
16 account 17 of
17 of 18 sounds
19 in 20 comparison
21 with 25 latency
21 with 30 not
21 with 31 change
22 listening 25 latency
25 latency 26 of
26 of 29 do
27 the 28 one
28 one 29 do
31 change 32 depending
32 depending 33 on
33 on 34 complexity
34 complexity 35 of
35 of 37 task
36 the 37 task

it is shown that component n2 has stability of latency in relation to age and an experimental situation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 shown
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 shown
3 shown 4 that
4 that 6 n2
4 that 7 has
5 component 6 n2
6 n2 7 has
7 has 8 stability
7 has 13 to
8 stability 9 of
9 of 10 latency
11 in 12 relation
12 relation 13 to
13 to 15 and
14 age 15 and
15 and 18 situation
16 an 17 experimental
16 an 18 situation
17 experimental 18 situation

the amplitude of component n2 is above at the account of sounds in both age groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 amplitude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 amplitude
2 amplitude 3 of
2 amplitude 6 is
3 of 5 n2
4 component 5 n2
6 is 7 above
6 is 8 at
6 is 13 in
8 at 10 account
9 the 10 account
10 account 11 of
11 of 12 sounds
13 in 16 groups
14 both 16 groups
15 age 16 groups

the amplitude - time parametres of component p300 do not differ at examinees of different age in a problem of listening of sounds . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 amplitude
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 the 2 amplitude
3 - 4 time
4 time 5 parametres
4 time 11 differ
5 parametres 6 of
5 parametres 9 do
6 of 8 p300
7 component 8 p300
9 do 10 not
9 do 11 differ
11 differ 12 at
11 differ 17 in
12 at 13 examinees
13 examinees 14 of
14 of 16 age
15 different 16 age
17 in 19 problem
18 a 19 problem
19 problem 20 of
19 problem 22 of
20 of 21 listening
22 of 23 sounds

the revealed features of components n1 , n2 and p300 at examinees of young and mature age in experimental situations different in complexity , allow to assume that with the years at the person adaptive mechanisms which allow carrying out [successfully] of the task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 the 3 features
2 revealed 3 features
3 features 4 of
3 features 7 ,
4 of 6 n1
5 components 6 n1
7 , 8 n2
7 , 9 and
9 and 10 p300
10 p300 11 at
10 p300 13 of
11 at 12 examinees
13 of 15 and
14 young 15 and
15 and 17 age
16 mature 17 age
17 age 18 in
18 in 20 situations
19 experimental 20 situations
20 situations 21 different
21 different 22 in
22 in 23 complexity
24 , 25 allow
25 allow 26 to
25 allow 32 at
25 allow 36 mechanisms
26 to 27 assume
27 assume 28 that
28 that 29 with
29 with 31 years
30 the 31 years
32 at 34 person
33 the 34 person
35 adaptive 36 mechanisms
36 mechanisms 37 which
36 mechanisms 38 allow
37 which 38 allow
38 allow 39 carrying
38 allow 42 of
40 out 42 of
42 of 44 task
43 the 44 task

right - handed human subjects of 4 different ages ( 5 - 6 , 8 - 9 , 11 - 12 [yo] ..y and adult subjects [ )(performed simple graphical movements in a cyclic manner [with] maximal possible tempo . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 right
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ..y
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 right 3 handed
1 right 15 8
2 - 3 handed
3 handed 5 subjects
3 handed 12 -
3 handed 14 ,
4 human 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 of
6 of 9 ages
7 4 9 ages
8 different 9 ages
10 ( 12 -
11 5 12 -
12 - 13 6
12 - 14 ,
15 8 17 9
16 - 17 9
17 9 18 ,
18 , 19 11
18 , 20 -
19 11 20 -
20 - 21 12
21 12 23 ..y
23 ..y 24 and
24 and 26 subjects
24 and 28 )(performed
25 adult 26 subjects
26 subjects 28 )(performed
28 )(performed 31 movements
28 )(performed 32 in
29 simple 31 movements
30 graphical 31 movements
32 in 39 tempo
33 a 34 cyclic
33 a 39 tempo
34 cyclic 35 manner
35 manner 39 tempo
37 maximal 39 tempo
38 possible 39 tempo

the movements differed with respect to their coordination and serial complexity and were performed by each hand while holding the stylus either by the fingers or the fist . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 movements
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 movements
2 movements 12 and
3 differed 4 with
3 differed 6 to
3 differed 12 and
4 with 5 respect
6 to 9 and
7 their 8 coordination
8 coordination 9 and
9 and 11 complexity
10 serial 11 complexity
12 and 13 were
13 were 14 performed
14 performed 15 by
14 performed 18 while
14 performed 23 by
15 by 17 hand
16 each 17 hand
18 while 19 holding
19 holding 21 stylus
19 holding 22 either
20 the 21 stylus
23 by 26 or
24 the 25 fingers
25 fingers 26 or
26 or 28 fist
27 the 28 fist

the rate of successive submovements neither changed substantially with age nor showed any lateral asymmetry however it did depend on the movement being performed and the grip being used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 rate
2 rate 3 of
2 rate 11 nor
3 of 5 submovements
4 successive 5 submovements
6 neither 11 nor
7 changed 8 substantially
7 changed 9 with
7 changed 11 nor
9 with 10 age
11 nor 12 showed
11 nor 20 on
12 showed 15 asymmetry
12 showed 16 however
13 any 15 asymmetry
14 lateral 15 asymmetry
16 however 17 it
16 however 19 depend
17 it 18 did
18 did 19 depend
20 on 25 and
21 the 22 movement
22 movement 23 being
22 movement 25 and
23 being 24 performed
25 and 27 grip
25 and 28 being
26 the 27 grip
28 being 29 used

the results show that the age [-] related trend in the cyclic movements can almost entirely be accounted for by a reduction in the number of submovements in a cycle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 9 trend
4 that 19 for
5 the 9 trend
6 age 8 related
8 related 9 trend
9 trend 10 in
9 trend 14 can
10 in 13 movements
11 the 13 movements
12 cyclic 13 movements
14 can 17 be
15 almost 17 be
16 entirely 17 be
17 be 19 for
18 accounted 19 for
19 for 20 by
19 for 28 in
20 by 22 reduction
21 a 22 reduction
22 reduction 23 in
22 reduction 26 of
23 in 25 number
24 the 25 number
26 of 27 submovements
28 in 30 cycle
29 a 30 cycle

the results are discussed in the view of the hypothesis that considers submovements to be the building blocks of a graphical movement . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 are
3 are 4 discussed
4 discussed 5 in
4 discussed 14 to
5 in 7 view
6 the 7 view
7 view 8 of
8 of 10 hypothesis
9 the 10 hypothesis
10 hypothesis 11 that
10 hypothesis 12 considers
11 that 12 considers
12 considers 13 submovements
14 to 15 be
15 be 18 blocks
16 the 18 blocks
17 building 18 blocks
18 blocks 19 of
19 of 22 movement
20 a 21 graphical
20 a 22 movement
21 graphical 22 movement

chondrocyte aging is associated with cartilage degeneration and senescence impairs the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 chondrocyte
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 chondrocyte 2 aging
1 chondrocyte 3 is
3 is 4 associated
4 associated 5 with
5 with 7 degeneration
6 cartilage 7 degeneration
8 and 9 senescence
8 and 10 impairs
9 senescence 10 impairs
10 impairs 13 potential
11 the 13 potential
12 regenerative 13 potential
13 potential 14 of
14 of 17 cells
15 mesenchymal 16 stem
16 stem 17 cells
17 cells 19 mscs
18 ( 19 mscs
19 mscs 20 )

estrogen exerts profound effects on human physiology including articular cartilage and mscs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 estrogen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 exerts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 estrogen 2 exerts
2 exerts 4 effects
2 exerts 5 on
3 profound 4 effects
5 on 11 and
6 human 7 physiology
7 physiology 8 including
7 physiology 11 and
8 including 10 cartilage
9 articular 10 cartilage
11 and 12 mscs

the present study should analyze the effects of pre - and postmenopausal estrogen concentrations on chondrogenic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyze
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 the 3 study
2 present 3 study
3 study 4 should
4 should 5 analyze
5 analyze 7 effects
5 analyze 15 on
6 the 7 effects
7 effects 8 of
8 of 14 concentrations
9 pre 11 and
10 - 11 and
11 and 12 postmenopausal
11 and 14 concentrations
13 estrogen 14 concentrations
15 on 17 cells
16 chondrogenic 17 cells

physiologic premenopausal concentrations of 17β - estradiol [(] e ( 2 ) ) significantly decelerated telomere attrition in mscs and chondrocytes while postmenopausal [e] ( 2 ) concentration had no significant effects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 concentrations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 telomere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 physiologic 3 concentrations
2 premenopausal 3 concentrations
3 concentrations 4 of
3 concentrations 15 decelerated
3 concentrations 16 telomere
4 of 5 17β
5 17β 7 estradiol
6 - 7 estradiol
7 estradiol 9 e
7 estradiol 11 2
7 estradiol 13 )
10 ( 11 2
11 2 12 )
14 significantly 15 decelerated
16 telomere 17 attrition
16 telomere 18 in
16 telomere 22 while
18 in 20 and
19 mscs 20 and
20 and 21 chondrocytes
22 while 28 concentration
22 while 29 had
23 postmenopausal 26 2
23 postmenopausal 28 concentration
25 ( 26 2
26 2 27 )
28 concentration 29 had
29 had 32 effects
30 no 32 effects
31 significant 32 effects

the estrogen agonist - antagonist tamoxifen did not affect telomere biology , but inhibited the [e] [(] 2 [ )(- stimulated reduction in telomere shortening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 agonist
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 -
1 the 3 agonist
2 estrogen 3 agonist
4 - 6 tamoxifen
4 - 13 but
4 - 20 )(-
4 - 26 .
5 antagonist 6 tamoxifen
6 tamoxifen 13 but
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 affect
7 did 13 but
9 affect 11 biology
10 telomere 11 biology
12 , 13 but
13 but 14 inhibited
14 inhibited 18 2
15 the 18 2
20 )(- 22 reduction
21 stimulated 22 reduction
22 reduction 23 in
23 in 24 telomere
24 telomere 25 shortening

[e] [(] 2 [ )(and tamoxifen did not influence cell proliferation [,] cell morphology , and β - galactosidase staining in chondrogenic cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 )(and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
5 )(and 6 tamoxifen
5 )(and 9 influence
6 tamoxifen 7 did
7 did 8 not
7 did 9 influence
9 influence 16 and
10 cell 14 morphology
11 proliferation 14 morphology
13 cell 14 morphology
14 morphology 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 19 galactosidase
16 and 20 staining
17 β 18 -
17 β 19 galactosidase
20 staining 21 in
21 in 23 cells
22 chondrogenic 23 cells

[e] [(] 2 [ )(treatment did not affect the telomere - associated proteins trf1 and trf2 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 )(treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
3 2 5 )(treatment
5 )(treatment 6 did
6 did 7 not
6 did 8 affect
8 affect 16 trf2
9 the 13 proteins
10 telomere 11 -
10 telomere 13 proteins
12 associated 13 proteins
13 proteins 16 trf2
14 trf1 15 and
15 and 16 trf2

[e] [(] 2 [ )(had no regulatory effects on the expression rates of the cell cycle regulator p21 and the dna repair proteins sirt1 and xrcc5 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 2
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 )(had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
3 2 5 )(had
5 )(had 8 effects
5 )(had 9 on
6 no 8 effects
7 regulatory 8 effects
9 on 12 rates
10 the 12 rates
11 expression 12 rates
12 rates 13 of
13 of 19 and
14 the 18 p21
15 cell 17 regulator
16 cycle 17 regulator
17 regulator 18 p21
18 p21 19 and
19 and 26 xrcc5
20 the 23 proteins
21 dna 23 proteins
22 repair 23 proteins
23 proteins 26 xrcc5
24 sirt1 25 and
25 and 26 xrcc5

in spite of reducing telomere shortening in aging mscs and chondrocytes , estrogen is not able to prevent somatic cells from replicative exhaustion and from finally entering senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 in 10 and
1 in 14 is
2 spite 3 of
2 spite 10 and
3 of 4 reducing
4 reducing 5 telomere
4 reducing 7 in
5 telomere 6 shortening
7 in 8 aging
8 aging 9 mscs
10 and 11 chondrocytes
10 and 12 ,
13 estrogen 14 is
14 is 15 not
14 is 16 able
16 able 17 to
16 able 24 and
17 to 18 prevent
18 prevent 20 cells
19 somatic 20 cells
21 from 23 exhaustion
21 from 24 and
22 replicative 23 exhaustion
24 and 25 from
25 from 27 entering
26 finally 27 entering
27 entering 28 senescence

the [fade] [of] telomere shortening under pre - [to] postmenopausal estrogen concentrations suggests , at least [in] [part] , a senescence [-] dependent cause for the onset of osteoarthritis in women [after] [menopause] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 telomere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 4 telomere
4 telomere 5 shortening
4 telomere 13 suggests
5 shortening 6 under
6 under 12 concentrations
7 pre 8 -
7 pre 11 estrogen
10 postmenopausal 11 estrogen
11 estrogen 12 concentrations
13 suggests 16 least
13 suggests 24 cause
13 suggests 25 for
14 , 16 least
15 at 16 least
16 least 19 ,
20 a 24 cause
21 senescence 23 dependent
23 dependent 24 cause
25 for 27 onset
26 the 27 onset
27 onset 28 of
28 of 29 osteoarthritis
29 osteoarthritis 30 in
30 in 31 women

objective : the aim of this study was to examine lane change strategies in active younger and older drivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 examine
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
2 : 4 aim
2 : 8 was
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
9 to 10 examine
10 examine 13 strategies
10 examine 14 in
11 lane 13 strategies
12 change 13 strategies
14 in 19 drivers
15 active 19 drivers
16 younger 17 and
17 and 18 older
17 and 19 drivers

visual inspection of mirrors and the blind spot and the control of the vehicle were documented in a simulator environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 documented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 visual 2 inspection
2 inspection 3 of
2 inspection 5 and
3 of 4 mirrors
5 and 8 spot
5 and 9 and
6 the 8 spot
7 blind 8 spot
9 and 11 control
9 and 12 of
9 and 15 were
10 the 11 control
12 of 14 vehicle
13 the 14 vehicle
15 were 16 documented
16 documented 17 in
17 in 20 environment
18 a 20 environment
19 simulator 20 environment

methods : younger ( n = 10 , 21 - 31 years [ )(and older ( n = 11 , 65 - 75 years ) active drivers drove through a continuous simulated environment including urban and rural sections . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 including
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 younger
3 younger 6 =
3 younger 10 -
3 younger 14 )(and
3 younger 18 =
4 ( 6 =
5 n 6 =
6 = 7 10
6 = 8 ,
9 21 10 -
10 - 11 31
12 years 14 )(and
14 )(and 15 older
16 ( 18 =
17 n 18 =
18 = 19 11
19 11 27 drivers
19 11 34 including
20 , 22 -
21 65 22 -
22 - 24 years
22 - 25 )
22 - 27 drivers
23 75 24 years
26 active 27 drivers
27 drivers 28 drove
28 drove 29 through
29 through 33 environment
30 a 31 continuous
30 a 33 environment
31 continuous 33 environment
32 simulated 33 environment
33 environment 34 including
34 including 38 sections
35 urban 36 and
36 and 37 rural
36 and 38 sections

the scenario included events [where] , to negotiate a secure lane change , the driver needed to look at 3 regions of interest ( roi ) [:] ( 1 ) the rearview mirror [,] [(] [2] [ )(the left side mirror , [and] [(] 3 [ )(the left blind spot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 scenario
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
1 the 2 scenario
2 scenario 3 included
3 included 4 events
6 , 15 driver
6 , 18 look
7 to 8 negotiate
7 to 13 ,
7 to 15 driver
8 negotiate 12 change
9 a 12 change
10 secure 12 change
11 lane 12 change
14 the 15 driver
15 driver 16 needed
16 needed 17 to
17 to 18 look
18 look 19 at
19 at 21 regions
20 3 21 regions
21 regions 22 of
21 regions 32 rearview
21 regions 33 mirror
22 of 23 interest
23 interest 25 roi
23 interest 29 1
24 ( 25 roi
25 roi 26 )
28 ( 29 1
29 1 30 )
31 the 32 rearview
32 rearview 33 mirror
33 mirror 41 mirror
38 )(the 41 mirror
39 left 41 mirror
40 side 41 mirror
41 mirror 45 3
42 , 45 3
45 3 48 left
45 3 49 blind
45 3 51 .
47 )(the 48 left
48 left 49 blind
49 blind 50 spot

the lane change maneuvers were necessary to avoid a vehicle parked halfway in the rightmost lane that was partially [or] completely blocking the lane or for overtaking a slower moving vehicle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 maneuvers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 4 maneuvers
2 lane 3 change
3 change 4 maneuvers
4 maneuvers 5 were
5 were 6 necessary
6 necessary 7 to
6 necessary 8 avoid
7 to 8 avoid
8 avoid 10 vehicle
9 a 10 vehicle
10 vehicle 11 parked
10 vehicle 12 halfway
12 halfway 25 or
13 in 16 lane
13 in 25 or
14 the 15 rightmost
14 the 16 lane
16 lane 17 that
16 lane 18 was
17 that 18 was
18 was 22 blocking
19 partially 22 blocking
21 completely 22 blocking
22 blocking 24 lane
23 the 24 lane
25 or 26 for
26 for 27 overtaking
27 overtaking 31 vehicle
28 a 31 vehicle
29 slower 31 vehicle
30 moving 31 vehicle

results : compared with younger drivers , older drivers showed a reduced frequency of visual inspection toward the rearview mirror and the blind spot . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 compared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 compared
3 compared 4 with
4 with 6 drivers
5 younger 6 drivers
7 , 9 drivers
7 , 10 showed
8 older 9 drivers
9 drivers 10 showed
10 showed 13 frequency
10 showed 17 toward
11 a 13 frequency
12 reduced 13 frequency
13 frequency 14 of
14 of 16 inspection
15 visual 16 inspection
17 toward 21 and
18 the 20 mirror
19 rearview 20 mirror
20 mirror 21 and
21 and 24 spot
22 the 24 spot
23 blind 24 spot

also , though the older drivers showed a constant frequency of visual inspection across the 2 types of driving maneuvers , the younger drivers increased their frequency of inspection when overtaking a slower vehicle . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 drivers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 increased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 also 24 drivers
2 , 3 though
3 though 6 drivers
3 though 7 showed
3 though 21 ,
3 though 24 drivers
4 the 6 drivers
5 older 6 drivers
6 drivers 7 showed
7 showed 10 frequency
7 showed 14 across
8 a 10 frequency
9 constant 10 frequency
10 frequency 11 of
11 of 13 inspection
12 visual 13 inspection
14 across 20 maneuvers
15 the 16 2
16 2 17 types
17 types 18 of
17 types 20 maneuvers
18 of 20 maneuvers
19 driving 20 maneuvers
22 the 24 drivers
23 younger 24 drivers
24 drivers 25 increased
25 increased 27 frequency
25 increased 30 when
26 their 27 frequency
27 frequency 28 of
28 of 29 inspection
30 when 31 overtaking
31 overtaking 34 vehicle
32 a 34 vehicle
33 slower 34 vehicle

control of the car was mostly similar for both groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 control 2 of
1 control 5 was
2 of 4 car
3 the 4 car
5 was 7 similar
6 mostly 7 similar
7 similar 8 for
8 for 10 groups
9 both 10 groups

conclusion : a better knowledge of the drivers ' visual search strategies when changing lanes could help in identifying suboptimal strategies at - risk of causing crashes and also serves to develop retraining programs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 5 knowledge
3 a 5 knowledge
4 better 5 knowledge
5 knowledge 6 of
6 of 11 search
7 the 8 drivers
8 drivers 9 '
9 ' 11 search
10 visual 11 search
11 search 12 strategies
11 search 22 at
11 search 24 risk
12 strategies 13 when
12 strategies 17 help
13 when 14 changing
13 when 16 could
14 changing 15 lanes
14 changing 16 could
17 help 18 in
18 in 19 identifying
19 identifying 21 strategies
19 identifying 22 at
20 suboptimal 21 strategies
23 - 24 risk
24 risk 25 of
24 risk 35 .
25 of 26 causing
26 causing 28 and
26 causing 31 to
27 crashes 28 and
28 and 29 also
28 and 30 serves
31 to 32 develop
32 develop 34 programs
33 retraining 34 programs

it is still an open question whether subjective memory complaints ( smc ) can actually be considered to be clinically relevant predictors for the development of an objective memory impairment and even dementia . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 still
3 still 6 question
3 still 7 whether
3 still 18 to
4 an 6 question
5 open 6 question
7 whether 10 complaints
7 whether 17 considered
8 subjective 9 memory
9 memory 10 complaints
10 complaints 12 smc
10 complaints 14 can
11 ( 12 smc
12 smc 13 )
14 can 16 be
15 actually 16 be
16 be 17 considered
18 to 19 be
19 be 22 predictors
20 clinically 21 relevant
21 relevant 22 predictors
22 predictors 23 for
23 for 25 development
24 the 25 development
25 development 26 of
26 of 33 dementia
27 an 28 objective
27 an 33 dementia
28 objective 29 memory
29 memory 33 dementia
30 impairment 31 and
31 and 32 even
31 and 33 dementia

there is growing evidence that suggests that smc are associated with an increased risk of dementia and with the presence of biological [correlates] [of] early alzheimer 's disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 4 evidence
3 growing 4 evidence
4 evidence 5 that
4 evidence 6 suggests
5 that 6 suggests
6 suggests 8 smc
6 suggests 10 associated
7 that 8 smc
8 smc 9 are
9 are 10 associated
10 associated 17 and
11 with 14 risk
11 with 17 and
12 an 14 risk
13 increased 14 risk
14 risk 15 of
15 of 16 dementia
17 and 18 with
18 with 20 presence
19 the 20 presence
20 presence 21 of
21 of 28 disease
22 biological 26 alzheimer
25 early 26 alzheimer
26 alzheimer 27 's
27 's 28 disease

in this paper , in order to shed some light on this issue , we try to discern whether subjects with smc showed a different profile of functional connectivity compared with subjects with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) and healthy elderly subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 try
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 discern
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 15 we
2 this 3 paper
3 paper 5 in
4 , 5 in
5 in 6 order
5 in 14 ,
6 order 7 to
6 order 8 shed
7 to 8 shed
8 shed 10 light
9 some 10 light
10 light 11 on
11 on 13 issue
12 this 13 issue
15 we 16 try
16 try 17 to
16 try 18 discern
17 to 18 discern
18 discern 19 whether
18 discern 31 with
19 whether 20 subjects
19 whether 23 showed
20 subjects 21 with
20 subjects 23 showed
21 with 22 smc
23 showed 26 profile
23 showed 30 compared
24 a 26 profile
25 different 26 profile
26 profile 27 of
26 profile 30 compared
27 of 29 connectivity
28 functional 29 connectivity
31 with 40 and
32 subjects 33 with
32 subjects 40 and
33 with 36 impairment
34 mild 36 impairment
35 cognitive 36 impairment
36 impairment 38 mci
37 ( 38 mci
38 mci 39 )
40 and 43 subjects
41 healthy 43 subjects
42 elderly 43 subjects

in the present study , we compare the degree of synchronization of brain signals recorded with magnetoencephalography between three groups of subjects ( [56] in total ) : 19 with mci , 12 with smc and 25 healthy controls during a memory task . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 in 4 study
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 we
2 the 4 study
3 present 4 study
6 we 7 compare
7 compare 11 synchronization
7 compare 26 total
8 the 9 degree
9 degree 10 of
9 degree 11 synchronization
10 of 11 synchronization
11 synchronization 12 of
11 synchronization 21 of
12 of 14 signals
13 brain 14 signals
14 signals 15 recorded
15 recorded 16 with
16 with 17 magnetoencephalography
17 magnetoencephalography 18 between
18 between 20 groups
19 three 20 groups
21 of 22 subjects
23 ( 26 total
25 in 26 total
26 total 27 )
28 : 29 19
28 : 32 ,
29 19 30 with
30 with 31 mci
32 , 33 12
32 , 43 task
33 12 34 with
33 12 40 during
33 12 43 task
34 with 36 and
35 smc 36 and
36 and 39 controls
37 25 39 controls
38 healthy 39 controls
40 during 42 memory
41 a 42 memory

synchronization likelihood , an index based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems , was used to measure functional connectivity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 likelihood
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 synchronization 2 likelihood
2 likelihood 5 index
2 likelihood 15 was
3 , 5 index
4 an 5 index
5 index 6 based
5 index 14 ,
6 based 7 on
7 on 9 theory
8 the 9 theory
9 theory 10 of
10 of 13 systems
11 nonlinear 13 systems
12 dynamical 13 systems
15 was 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 measure
17 to 18 measure
18 measure 20 connectivity
19 functional 20 connectivity

briefly , results show that subjects with smc have a very similar pattern of connectivity to control group , but on average , they present a lower synchronization value . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 briefly 2 ,
1 briefly 3 results
3 results 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 6 subjects
5 that 9 have
6 subjects 7 with
6 subjects 9 have
7 with 8 smc
9 have 13 pattern
9 have 18 group
10 a 11 very
10 a 13 pattern
11 very 12 similar
12 similar 13 pattern
13 pattern 14 of
14 of 15 connectivity
15 connectivity 16 to
15 connectivity 17 control
16 to 17 control
18 group 20 but
19 , 20 but
20 but 22 average
20 but 23 ,
21 on 22 average
23 , 24 they
23 , 25 present
24 they 25 present
25 present 29 value
26 a 29 value
27 lower 28 synchronization
28 synchronization 29 value

these results could indicate that smc are representing an initial stage with a hypo - synchronization ( in comparison with the control group ) where the brain system is still not compensating for the failing memory networks , but behaving as controls when compared with the [mci] subjects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicate
1 these 2 results
2 results 3 could
3 could 4 indicate
4 indicate 5 that
5 that 6 smc
5 that 7 are
6 smc 7 are
7 are 8 representing
8 representing 11 stage
9 an 10 initial
9 an 11 stage
10 initial 11 stage
11 stage 12 with
11 stage 25 where
12 with 14 hypo
13 a 14 hypo
14 hypo 16 synchronization
15 - 16 synchronization
16 synchronization 18 in
16 synchronization 24 )
17 ( 18 in
18 in 19 comparison
18 in 24 )
19 comparison 20 with
20 with 23 group
21 the 23 group
22 control 23 group
25 where 28 system
25 where 29 is
26 the 28 system
27 brain 28 system
28 system 29 is
29 is 30 still
29 is 31 not
29 is 33 for
31 not 32 compensating
33 for 37 networks
34 the 37 networks
35 failing 37 networks
36 memory 37 networks
37 networks 39 but
38 , 39 but
39 but 40 behaving
39 but 49 .
40 behaving 41 as
40 behaving 43 when
40 behaving 45 with
41 as 42 controls
43 when 44 compared
45 with 48 subjects
46 the 48 subjects

telomeres are dna repeats at the ends of linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells ; they form [cap] - like [specialized] structures at chromosome ends to protect them from digestion and degradation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 telomeres 2 are
2 are 4 repeats
2 are 5 at
2 are 11 in
3 dna 4 repeats
5 at 7 ends
6 the 7 ends
7 ends 8 of
8 of 10 chromosomes
9 linear 10 chromosomes
11 in 13 cells
12 eukaryotic 13 cells
14 ; 15 they
14 ; 16 form
14 ; 18 -
15 they 16 form
18 - 19 like
19 like 21 structures
19 like 25 to
19 like 26 protect
21 structures 22 at
22 at 24 ends
23 chromosome 24 ends
25 to 26 protect
26 protect 27 them
26 protect 28 from
28 from 30 and
29 digestion 30 and
30 and 31 degradation

with each cell division , somatic cell telomeres progressively wear [and] [shorten] , leading to cell senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 telomeres
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 wear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 with 4 division
1 with 5 ,
1 with 8 telomeres
2 each 4 division
3 cell 4 division
6 somatic 7 cell
7 cell 8 telomeres
8 telomeres 10 wear
9 progressively 10 wear
10 wear 13 ,
10 wear 14 leading
10 wear 15 to
15 to 17 senescence
16 cell 17 senescence

various environmental factors , such as oxidative stress and inflammation , can accelerate telomere shortening . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 factors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 accelerate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 various 3 factors
2 environmental 3 factors
3 factors 6 as
3 factors 12 can
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 9 and
6 as 11 ,
7 oxidative 8 stress
8 stress 9 and
9 and 10 inflammation
12 can 13 accelerate
13 accelerate 14 telomere
14 telomere 15 shortening

the renin angiotensin system seems to be the key mechanism involved in aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 seems
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 the 4 system
2 renin 4 system
3 angiotensin 4 system
4 system 5 seems
5 seems 6 to
5 seems 7 be
6 to 7 be
7 be 10 mechanism
8 the 10 mechanism
9 key 10 mechanism
10 mechanism 11 involved
11 involved 12 in
12 in 13 aging

our previous studies demonstrated that treatment of human glomerular mesangial cells ( gmcs ) with angiotensin ii ( angii ) caused cell senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 demonstrated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 our 2 previous
1 our 3 studies
3 studies 4 demonstrated
4 demonstrated 5 that
5 that 6 treatment
5 that 21 caused
6 treatment 7 of
6 treatment 15 with
6 treatment 21 caused
7 of 11 cells
8 human 11 cells
9 glomerular 11 cells
10 mesangial 11 cells
11 cells 13 gmcs
12 ( 13 gmcs
13 gmcs 14 )
15 with 16 angiotensin
16 angiotensin 17 ii
16 angiotensin 19 angii
18 ( 19 angii
19 angii 20 )
21 caused 23 senescence
22 cell 23 senescence

it is important to understand whether angii accelerates telomere shortening in gmcs and further promotes aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 promotes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 it 2 is
2 is 3 important
3 important 4 to
3 important 15 promotes
4 to 13 and
5 understand 6 whether
5 understand 13 and
6 whether 7 angii
6 whether 8 accelerates
7 angii 8 accelerates
8 accelerates 9 telomere
8 accelerates 11 in
9 telomere 10 shortening
11 in 12 gmcs
13 and 15 promotes
14 further 15 promotes
15 promotes 16 aging

therefore , this study was designed to investigate the change in telomere length in angii - induced gmc senescence and the role of the angii receptor antagonist losartan in delaying this process . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 designed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
1 therefore 2 ,
1 therefore 4 study
3 this 4 study
4 study 5 was
5 was 6 designed
6 designed 7 to
6 designed 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 10 change
8 investigate 14 in
9 the 10 change
10 change 11 in
11 in 13 length
12 telomere 13 length
14 in 15 angii
16 - 20 and
16 - 28 losartan
16 - 33 .
17 induced 19 senescence
18 gmc 19 senescence
19 senescence 20 and
20 and 22 role
20 and 23 of
20 and 28 losartan
21 the 22 role
23 of 27 antagonist
24 the 27 antagonist
25 angii 27 antagonist
26 receptor 27 antagonist
28 losartan 29 in
29 in 30 delaying
30 delaying 32 process
31 this 32 process

the cells were synchronized and divided into a normal control group , an angii group ( angii , 10⁻⁶ [mol/l] [ )(and an angii [+] losartan group ( losartan , 10⁻⁵ [mol/l] ) , [and] were then cultured for 72 h . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
1 the 2 cells
2 cells 5 and
2 cells 7 into
2 cells 11 group
3 were 4 synchronized
3 were 5 and
5 and 6 divided
7 into 10 control
8 a 9 normal
8 a 10 control
9 normal 10 control
12 , 15 group
12 , 19 10⁻⁶
12 , 22 )(and
13 an 15 group
14 angii 15 group
15 group 17 angii
15 group 19 10⁻⁶
16 ( 17 angii
17 angii 18 ,
22 )(and 27 group
23 an 27 group
24 angii 27 group
26 losartan 27 group
27 group 29 losartan
27 group 36 were
28 ( 29 losartan
29 losartan 31 10⁻⁵
29 losartan 34 ,
30 , 31 10⁻⁵
31 10⁻⁵ 33 )
36 were 37 then
36 were 38 cultured
38 cultured 39 for
39 for 41 h
40 72 41 h
41 h 42 .

the telomere lengths were analyzed by southern blot analysis , cell morphology was monitored , the cell cycle and β - galactosidase staining were determined , and the expression of p53 and p21 proteins was assessed by western blotting . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 telomere
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 telomere
2 telomere 3 lengths
2 telomere 4 were
2 telomere 5 analyzed
3 lengths 4 were
5 analyzed 12 morphology
5 analyzed 14 monitored
6 by 9 analysis
6 by 10 ,
6 by 12 morphology
7 southern 9 analysis
8 blot 9 analysis
11 cell 12 morphology
12 morphology 13 was
13 was 14 monitored
15 , 19 and
15 , 25 determined
15 , 27 and
16 the 18 cycle
17 cell 18 cycle
18 cycle 19 and
19 and 22 galactosidase
19 and 23 staining
19 and 24 were
20 β 21 -
20 β 22 galactosidase
24 were 25 determined
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 expression
27 and 36 assessed
28 the 29 expression
29 expression 30 of
29 expression 35 was
30 of 34 proteins
31 p53 32 and
32 and 33 p21
32 and 34 proteins
35 was 36 assessed
36 assessed 37 by
37 by 39 blotting
38 western 39 blotting

compared with the control group , the angii group exhibited a markedly reduced telomere length , cell cycle arrest , enhanced β - galactosidase staining , and elevated expression of p53 and p21 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 exhibited
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 compared 2 with
1 compared 6 ,
1 compared 9 group
2 with 5 group
3 the 5 group
4 control 5 group
7 the 9 group
8 angii 9 group
9 group 10 exhibited
10 exhibited 15 length
11 a 15 length
12 markedly 13 reduced
13 reduced 15 length
14 telomere 15 length
15 length 19 arrest
16 , 19 arrest
17 cell 18 cycle
18 cycle 19 arrest
19 arrest 20 ,
20 , 32 and
21 enhanced 24 galactosidase
22 β 23 -
22 β 24 galactosidase
24 galactosidase 25 staining
24 galactosidase 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 expression
27 and 30 of
27 and 32 and
28 elevated 29 expression
30 of 31 p53
32 and 33 p21

the angii [+] losartan group displayed longer telomere lengths , further reduced β - galactosidase staining and decreased p53 and p21 expression compared to the angii group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 lengths
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 9 lengths
2 angii 5 group
4 losartan 5 group
5 group 6 displayed
6 displayed 9 lengths
7 longer 9 lengths
8 telomere 9 lengths
10 , 20 and
10 , 27 group
11 further 12 reduced
12 reduced 15 galactosidase
13 β 14 -
13 β 15 galactosidase
15 galactosidase 16 staining
15 galactosidase 17 and
17 and 19 p53
17 and 20 and
18 decreased 19 p53
20 and 22 expression
20 and 23 compared
20 and 27 group
21 p21 22 expression
23 compared 24 to
24 to 26 angii
25 the 26 angii

this study confirms that angii induces the shortening of telomere lengths , p53 and p21 expression , cell cycle arrest , and the resulting cell senescence in gmcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirms
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 confirms
3 confirms 4 that
4 that 5 angii
4 that 6 induces
5 angii 6 induces
6 induces 8 shortening
7 the 8 shortening
8 shortening 9 of
9 of 11 lengths
10 telomere 11 lengths
12 , 22 and
13 p53 14 and
14 and 16 expression
14 and 20 arrest
14 and 22 and
15 p21 16 expression
17 , 20 arrest
18 cell 19 cycle
19 cycle 20 arrest
20 arrest 21 ,
21 , 22 and
22 and 26 senescence
22 and 27 in
23 the 26 senescence
24 resulting 26 senescence
25 cell 26 senescence
27 in 28 gmcs

in addition , losartan significantly reduced telomere shortening and cell senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 losartan
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 addition
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 losartan
4 losartan 6 reduced
5 significantly 6 reduced
6 reduced 9 and
7 telomere 8 shortening
8 shortening 9 and
9 and 11 senescence
10 cell 11 senescence

background/objectives : resting metabolic rate [(] rmr ) contributes 60 - 80 % of total energy expenditure and is consistently lower in populations of african descent compared with populations of european populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background/objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 : 18 and
3 resting 7 rmr
3 resting 8 )
3 resting 18 and
4 metabolic 5 rate
5 rate 7 rmr
9 contributes 13 %
9 contributes 18 and
10 60 11 -
11 - 12 80
11 - 13 %
13 % 14 of
14 of 17 expenditure
15 total 17 expenditure
16 energy 17 expenditure
18 and 19 is
19 is 21 lower
20 consistently 21 lower
21 lower 22 in
22 in 23 populations
23 populations 24 of
24 of 26 descent
25 african 26 descent
26 descent 27 compared
27 compared 28 with
28 with 29 populations
29 populations 30 of
30 of 32 populations
31 european 32 populations

[determination] of european ancestry [(] ea ) through single nucleotide polymorphism [(] snp ) analysis would provide an initial step for identifying genetic associations that contribute to low rmr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 analysis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 low
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 of 6 ea
2 of 7 )
2 of 15 analysis
3 european 6 ea
4 ancestry 6 ea
8 through 13 snp
8 through 14 )
8 through 15 analysis
9 single 10 nucleotide
10 nucleotide 13 snp
11 polymorphism 13 snp
15 analysis 16 would
16 would 17 provide
17 provide 20 step
17 provide 21 for
18 an 19 initial
18 an 20 step
19 initial 20 step
21 for 22 identifying
22 identifying 24 associations
22 identifying 27 to
23 genetic 24 associations
24 associations 25 that
24 associations 26 contribute
25 that 26 contribute
27 to 28 low
28 low 29 rmr

we sought to evaluate the association between rmr and ea in african americans . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 sought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 sought
2 sought 3 to
2 sought 4 evaluate
3 to 4 evaluate
4 evaluate 6 association
4 evaluate 7 between
4 evaluate 11 in
5 the 6 association
7 between 9 and
8 rmr 9 and
9 and 10 ea
11 in 13 americans
12 african 13 americans

subjects/methods : rmr was measured by indirect calorimetry in 141 african american men and women ( aged 74.7±3.0 years ) enrolled in a substudy of the health , aging and body composition study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subjects/methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
2 : 3 rmr
2 : 5 measured
2 : 14 and
2 : 28 ,
3 rmr 4 was
4 was 5 measured
5 measured 6 by
5 measured 9 in
6 by 8 calorimetry
7 indirect 8 calorimetry
9 in 13 men
10 141 13 men
11 african 13 men
12 american 13 men
14 and 15 women
14 and 21 enrolled
15 women 19 years
15 women 21 enrolled
16 ( 19 years
17 aged 19 years
18 74.7±3.0 19 years
19 years 20 )
21 enrolled 22 in
22 in 24 substudy
23 a 24 substudy
24 substudy 25 of
25 of 27 health
26 the 27 health
28 , 33 study
29 aging 30 and
30 and 31 body
31 body 32 composition
32 composition 33 study

ancestry informative markers were used to estimate individual percent ea . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ancestry
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 ancestry 3 markers
1 ancestry 4 were
1 ancestry 5 used
2 informative 3 markers
3 markers 4 were
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 estimate
6 to 7 estimate
7 estimate 10 ea
8 individual 10 ea
9 percent 10 ea

multivariate regression was used to assess the association between rmr and ea after adjustments for soft tissue fat - free mass [(] stffm ) , fat mass , age , study site , physical activity level and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 multivariate 2 regression
1 multivariate 3 was
1 multivariate 4 used
2 regression 3 was
4 used 5 to
4 used 6 assess
5 to 6 assess
6 assess 37 and
7 the 8 association
8 association 9 between
8 association 25 ,
9 between 12 ea
10 rmr 11 and
11 and 12 ea
12 ea 13 after
12 ea 15 for
12 ea 23 stffm
13 after 14 adjustments
15 for 18 fat
16 soft 17 tissue
17 tissue 18 fat
19 - 23 stffm
20 free 23 stffm
21 mass 23 stffm
23 stffm 24 )
25 , 27 mass
25 , 28 ,
26 fat 27 mass
28 , 29 age
28 , 30 ,
30 , 32 site
30 , 33 ,
31 study 32 site
33 , 36 level
33 , 37 and
34 physical 36 level
35 activity 36 level
37 and 38 sex

results : mean ea was 23.8±16 [%] ( range : 0.1 - 70.7 % ) and there were no differences by sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 mean
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 3 mean
3 mean 4 ea
3 mean 5 was
4 ea 5 was
5 was 6 23.8±16
6 23.8±16 14 %
8 ( 14 %
9 range 10 :
10 : 12 -
11 0.1 12 -
12 - 13 70.7
13 70.7 14 %
14 % 15 )
16 and 17 there
16 and 18 were
17 there 18 were
18 were 20 differences
19 no 20 differences
20 differences 21 by
21 by 22 sex

following adjustments , each percent ea was associated with a 1.6 kcal/day [(] 95 % confidence interval : 0.42 , 2.7 kcal/day [ )(higher rmr ( p=0.008 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ea
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 following 2 adjustments
1 following 3 ,
1 following 6 ea
4 each 5 percent
5 percent 6 ea
6 ea 7 was
7 was 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
9 with 17 interval
10 a 17 interval
11 1.6 12 kcal/day
12 kcal/day 17 interval
14 95 15 %
15 % 17 interval
16 confidence 17 interval
18 : 19 0.42
19 0.42 25 rmr
20 , 25 rmr
21 2.7 22 kcal/day
22 kcal/day 24 )(higher
24 )(higher 25 rmr
25 rmr 27 p=0.008
25 rmr 28 )
26 ( 27 p=0.008
27 p=0.008 28 )

this equates [to] a 160 kcal/day lower rmr in a population [of] [completely] african ancestry , with one [of] [completely] european ancestry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 equates
1 this 2 equates
2 equates 8 rmr
2 equates 9 in
4 a 8 rmr
5 160 6 kcal/day
6 kcal/day 7 lower
7 lower 8 rmr
9 in 15 ancestry
10 a 11 population
10 a 15 ancestry
11 population 15 ancestry
14 african 15 ancestry
15 ancestry 17 with
16 , 17 with
17 with 22 ancestry
17 with 23 .
18 one 22 ancestry
21 european 22 ancestry

additional adjustment for trunk stffm that partially accounts for high - metabolic rate organs did not affect this association . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 adjustment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 additional 2 adjustment
2 adjustment 3 for
2 adjustment 15 did
3 for 5 stffm
4 trunk 5 stffm
5 stffm 6 that
5 stffm 8 accounts
6 that 8 accounts
7 partially 8 accounts
8 accounts 9 for
9 for 14 organs
10 high 11 -
10 high 13 rate
12 metabolic 13 rate
13 rate 14 organs
15 did 16 not
15 did 17 affect
17 affect 19 association
18 this 19 association

conclusions : ea in african americans is strongly associated with higher rmr . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 ea
2 : 9 associated
2 : 13 .
3 ea 4 in
3 ea 7 is
4 in 6 americans
5 african 6 americans
7 is 9 associated
8 strongly 9 associated
9 associated 10 with
10 with 12 rmr
11 higher 12 rmr

the data suggest that population differences in rmr may be due to genetic variants . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 the 2 data
2 data 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 differences
4 that 10 be
5 population 6 differences
6 differences 7 in
6 differences 9 may
7 in 8 rmr
9 may 10 be
10 be 12 to
11 due 12 to
12 to 14 variants
13 genetic 14 variants

purpose of review : the present review discusses current concepts of hiv - associated neurocognitive disorders ( hand ) in the era of antiretroviral therapy ( art ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 review
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 :
1 purpose 2 of
2 of 3 review
4 : 7 review
4 : 8 discusses
4 : 29 .
5 the 7 review
6 present 7 review
7 review 8 discusses
8 discusses 10 concepts
8 discusses 20 in
9 current 10 concepts
10 concepts 11 of
10 concepts 16 disorders
11 of 12 hiv
13 - 16 disorders
14 associated 16 disorders
15 neurocognitive 16 disorders
16 disorders 18 hand
16 disorders 19 )
17 ( 18 hand
18 hand 19 )
20 in 22 era
21 the 22 era
22 era 23 of
23 of 25 therapy
24 antiretroviral 25 therapy
25 therapy 27 art
26 ( 27 art
27 art 28 )

as the hiv epidemic enters its fourth decade ( the second decade of art ) , research must address evolving factors in hand pathogenesis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 epidemic
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 enters
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 as 3 hiv
1 as 4 epidemic
2 the 3 hiv
4 epidemic 5 enters
5 enters 8 decade
6 its 8 decade
7 fourth 8 decade
8 decade 12 decade
9 ( 12 decade
10 the 11 second
10 the 12 decade
12 decade 13 of
12 decade 15 )
13 of 14 art
16 , 17 research
16 , 19 address
17 research 18 must
18 must 19 address
19 address 21 factors
19 address 22 in
20 evolving 21 factors
22 in 24 pathogenesis
23 hand 24 pathogenesis

these include persistent systemic and central nervous system ( cns ) inflammation , aging in the hiv - infected brain , hiv subtype [(] clade ) distribution , concomitant use of drugs of abuse , and potential neurotoxicity of art drugs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 include
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 these 2 include
2 include 12 inflammation
3 persistent 12 inflammation
4 systemic 5 and
5 and 8 system
5 and 10 cns
5 and 12 inflammation
6 central 8 system
7 nervous 8 system
9 ( 10 cns
10 cns 11 )
13 , 22 hiv
13 , 23 subtype
13 , 28 ,
14 aging 15 in
14 aging 21 ,
14 aging 22 hiv
15 in 17 hiv
16 the 17 hiv
17 hiv 20 brain
18 - 20 brain
19 infected 20 brain
20 brain 21 ,
22 hiv 23 subtype
23 subtype 27 distribution
25 clade 26 )
25 clade 27 distribution
28 , 36 and
29 concomitant 30 use
30 use 31 of
30 use 36 and
31 of 32 drugs
32 drugs 33 of
33 of 34 abuse
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 potential
36 and 38 neurotoxicity
36 and 41 drugs
38 neurotoxicity 39 of
38 neurotoxicity 41 drugs
39 of 40 art

recent findings : although the severest form of hand , hiv - associated dementia ( had ) , is now rare due to art , the persistence of milder , functionally important hand forms persist in up to half of hiv - infected individuals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 recent 2 findings
3 : 7 form
3 : 19 is
3 : 42 -
4 although 6 severest
4 although 7 form
5 the 6 severest
7 form 8 of
7 form 11 hiv
7 form 19 is
8 of 9 hand
10 , 11 hiv
11 hiv 14 dementia
11 hiv 18 ,
12 - 14 dementia
13 associated 14 dementia
14 dementia 16 had
14 dementia 18 ,
15 ( 16 had
16 had 17 )
19 is 20 now
19 is 21 rare
21 rare 23 to
22 due 23 to
23 to 24 art
24 art 27 persistence
25 , 27 persistence
26 the 27 persistence
27 persistence 28 of
27 persistence 42 -
28 of 33 hand
29 milder 30 ,
29 milder 33 hand
31 functionally 32 important
32 important 33 hand
33 hand 34 forms
33 hand 36 in
33 hand 37 up
33 hand 40 of
34 forms 35 persist
35 persist 36 in
37 up 38 to
38 to 39 half
40 of 41 hiv
42 - 44 individuals
43 infected 44 individuals

hand prevalence may be higher in areas of africa where different hiv [subtypes] predominate , and art regimens that are more effective in suppressing cns hiv [replication] can improve neurological outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 hand 2 prevalence
2 prevalence 3 may
3 may 4 be
4 be 5 higher
5 higher 6 in
5 higher 10 where
6 in 7 areas
7 areas 8 of
8 of 9 africa
10 where 12 hiv
10 where 16 and
11 different 12 hiv
12 hiv 16 and
14 predominate 16 and
15 , 16 and
16 and 29 improve
17 art 18 regimens
18 regimens 19 that
18 regimens 20 are
18 regimens 28 can
19 that 20 are
20 are 22 effective
21 more 22 effective
22 effective 23 in
23 in 24 suppressing
24 suppressing 26 hiv
25 cns 26 hiv
28 can 29 improve
29 improve 31 outcomes
30 neurological 31 outcomes

hand are correlated with persistent systemic and cns inflammation , and enhanced neuronal injury due to stimulant abuse ( cocaine and methamphetamine ) , aging , and possibly art drugs themselves . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 hand
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 hand 2 are
2 are 11 and
3 correlated 4 with
3 correlated 11 and
4 with 9 inflammation
5 persistent 9 inflammation
6 systemic 7 and
7 and 8 cns
7 and 9 inflammation
10 , 11 and
11 and 12 enhanced
12 enhanced 27 and
12 enhanced 31 themselves
13 neuronal 14 injury
14 injury 16 to
14 injury 27 and
15 due 16 to
16 to 18 abuse
17 stimulant 18 abuse
18 abuse 21 and
19 ( 21 and
20 cocaine 21 and
21 and 22 methamphetamine
21 and 23 )
21 and 25 aging
21 and 26 ,
24 , 25 aging
25 aging 26 ,
26 , 27 and
27 and 28 possibly
27 and 30 drugs
29 art 30 drugs

summary : prevention and treatment of hand requires strategies aimed at suppressing cns hiv [replication] and effects of systemic and cns inflammation in aging and substance - abusing hiv populations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 summary 2 :
2 : 4 and
3 prevention 4 and
4 and 5 treatment
4 and 6 of
6 of 7 hand
7 hand 16 and
7 hand 18 of
8 requires 9 strategies
8 requires 16 and
9 strategies 10 aimed
10 aimed 11 at
11 at 12 suppressing
12 suppressing 14 hiv
13 cns 14 hiv
16 and 17 effects
18 of 25 and
19 systemic 20 and
20 and 22 inflammation
20 and 25 and
21 cns 22 inflammation
22 inflammation 23 in
23 in 24 aging
25 and 26 substance
25 and 27 -
25 and 28 abusing
28 abusing 30 populations
29 hiv 30 populations

use of improved cns - penetrating art must be accompanied by evaluation [of] potential art neurotoxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 penetrating
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 accompanied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 use 6 penetrating
2 of 4 cns
2 of 5 -
2 of 6 penetrating
3 improved 4 cns
6 penetrating 7 art
6 penetrating 8 must
8 must 9 be
9 be 10 accompanied
10 accompanied 11 by
11 by 16 neurotoxicity
12 evaluation 16 neurotoxicity
14 potential 16 neurotoxicity
15 art 16 neurotoxicity

mncs were prepared from the buffy - coats of 59 healthy individual blood donors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mncs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 prepared
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 mncs 2 were
2 were 3 prepared
3 prepared 4 from
4 from 8 coats
5 the 8 coats
6 buffy 7 -
6 buffy 8 coats
8 coats 9 of
9 of 14 donors
10 59 14 donors
11 healthy 13 blood
12 individual 13 blood
13 blood 14 donors

the results showed that large individual differences exist in the number of hspcs , as well as in the surviving fraction of cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 7 differences
3 showed 8 exist
4 that 5 large
5 large 7 differences
6 individual 7 differences
7 differences 8 exist
8 exist 9 in
9 in 13 hspcs
10 the 11 number
11 number 12 of
11 number 13 hspcs
12 of 13 hspcs
13 hspcs 15 as
14 , 15 as
15 as 16 well
15 as 24 .
16 well 17 as
16 well 22 of
17 as 18 in
18 in 21 fraction
19 the 21 fraction
20 surviving 21 fraction
22 of 23 cells

furthermore , the number of progenitor cells strongly correlated with their surviving fraction , suggesting that the radiosensitivity of hematopoietic progenitor cells decreases with the number of cells in the 10 ( 5 ) cells population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 7 cells
3 the 4 number
4 number 5 of
4 number 7 cells
5 of 7 cells
6 progenitor 7 cells
7 cells 9 correlated
8 strongly 9 correlated
9 correlated 10 with
10 with 13 fraction
10 with 36 population
11 their 13 fraction
12 surviving 13 fraction
13 fraction 15 suggesting
14 , 15 suggesting
15 suggesting 16 that
15 suggesting 34 )
16 that 18 radiosensitivity
16 that 23 decreases
17 the 18 radiosensitivity
18 radiosensitivity 19 of
18 radiosensitivity 23 decreases
19 of 22 cells
20 hematopoietic 21 progenitor
21 progenitor 22 cells
23 decreases 24 with
23 decreases 29 in
24 with 26 number
25 the 26 number
26 number 27 of
27 of 28 cells
29 in 31 10
30 the 31 10
31 10 33 5
32 ( 33 5
33 5 34 )
35 cells 36 population

a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the surviving fraction observed at a dose of 0.5 gy and the age of an individual , however , none of these correlations were observed after 2 gy irradiation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 correlation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 a 2 statistically
1 a 5 correlation
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 5 correlation
4 negative 5 correlation
5 correlation 6 was
6 was 7 observed
7 observed 8 between
7 observed 13 at
8 between 11 fraction
9 the 11 fraction
10 surviving 11 fraction
11 fraction 12 observed
13 at 19 and
14 a 15 dose
15 dose 16 of
15 dose 19 and
16 of 18 gy
17 0.5 18 gy
19 and 21 age
19 and 22 of
20 the 21 age
22 of 24 individual
23 an 24 individual
25 , 28 none
25 , 33 observed
26 however 27 ,
26 however 28 none
28 none 29 of
28 none 32 were
29 of 31 correlations
30 these 31 correlations
32 were 33 observed
33 observed 34 after
34 after 37 irradiation
35 2 37 irradiation
36 gy 37 irradiation

no statistically significant difference was observed in individual radiosensitivity between males and females at either radiation dose . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 difference
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 no 4 difference
2 statistically 3 significant
3 significant 4 difference
4 difference 5 was
5 was 6 observed
6 observed 7 in
6 observed 10 between
6 observed 14 at
7 in 9 radiosensitivity
8 individual 9 radiosensitivity
10 between 12 and
11 males 12 and
12 and 13 females
14 at 17 dose
15 either 17 dose
16 radiation 17 dose

the present results indicated a correlation between the individual responsiveness of hspcs to ionizing irradiation , especially to low dose irradiation , and aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 indicated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 results
2 present 3 results
3 results 4 indicated
4 indicated 6 correlation
5 a 6 correlation
6 correlation 7 between
7 between 10 responsiveness
8 the 10 responsiveness
9 individual 10 responsiveness
10 responsiveness 11 of
11 of 23 and
12 hspcs 13 to
12 hspcs 23 and
13 to 14 ionizing
14 ionizing 15 irradiation
15 irradiation 18 to
16 , 18 to
17 especially 18 to
18 to 19 low
18 to 22 ,
19 low 21 irradiation
20 dose 21 irradiation
23 and 24 aging

objective : early studies have indicated that body fat shifts from peripheral stores to central stores with aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 6 indicated
2 : 19 .
3 early 4 studies
4 studies 5 have
5 have 6 indicated
6 indicated 7 that
7 that 9 fat
7 that 10 shifts
8 body 9 fat
9 fat 10 shifts
10 shifts 11 from
10 shifts 14 to
11 from 13 stores
12 peripheral 13 stores
14 to 16 stores
15 central 16 stores
16 stores 17 with
17 with 18 aging

the objective of this study was to investigate age - related changes in abdominal fat distribution of japanese men and women of the general population over a wide range of body mass indices ( bmi ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
1 the 2 objective
2 objective 3 of
2 objective 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 investigate
7 to 8 investigate
8 investigate 9 age
10 - 11 related
11 related 12 changes
11 related 13 in
11 related 26 over
11 related 37 .
13 in 20 and
14 abdominal 16 distribution
15 fat 16 distribution
16 distribution 17 of
16 distribution 20 and
17 of 19 men
18 japanese 19 men
20 and 21 women
20 and 22 of
22 of 25 population
23 the 25 population
24 general 25 population
26 over 29 range
27 a 28 wide
27 a 29 range
28 wide 29 range
29 range 30 of
29 range 35 bmi
30 of 33 indices
31 body 33 indices
32 mass 33 indices
34 ( 35 bmi
35 bmi 36 )

methods : a total of 2,220 [non] - diabetic , apparently healthy japanese adults ( 1,240 men and 980 women ; age range 40 - 69 years ) were included in the study sample . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 4 total
3 a 4 total
4 total 5 of
4 total 14 adults
5 of 6 2,220
8 - 14 adults
9 diabetic 10 ,
9 diabetic 14 adults
11 apparently 12 healthy
12 healthy 14 adults
13 japanese 14 adults
14 adults 18 and
14 adults 21 ;
15 ( 18 and
16 1,240 17 men
17 men 18 and
18 and 20 women
18 and 21 ;
19 980 20 women
21 ; 23 range
21 ; 30 included
22 age 23 range
23 range 24 40
23 range 27 years
23 range 29 were
25 - 27 years
26 69 27 years
27 years 28 )
29 were 30 included
30 included 31 in
31 in 34 sample
32 the 34 sample
33 study 34 sample

all subjects underwent a ct [scan] at the level of the umbilicus , and the areas of visceral adipose tissue ( at ) and subcutaneous at were quantified . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 underwent
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 all 2 subjects
2 subjects 3 underwent
3 underwent 5 ct
3 underwent 7 at
4 a 5 ct
7 at 9 level
8 the 9 level
9 level 10 of
10 of 12 umbilicus
11 the 12 umbilicus
13 , 14 and
14 and 24 and
14 and 28 quantified
15 the 16 areas
16 areas 17 of
16 areas 24 and
17 of 20 tissue
18 visceral 19 adipose
19 adipose 20 tissue
20 tissue 22 at
21 ( 22 at
22 at 23 )
24 and 26 at
24 and 27 were
25 subcutaneous 26 at
27 were 28 quantified

in contrast , subcutaneous at was negatively correlated with age in men with bmis in excess of 23.0 kg/m ( 2 ) ( p<0.01 ) and not at all in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 at
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 in 2 contrast
1 in 3 ,
1 in 5 at
4 subcutaneous 5 at
5 at 6 was
6 was 8 correlated
7 negatively 8 correlated
8 correlated 9 with
8 correlated 11 in
8 correlated 13 with
9 with 10 age
11 in 12 men
13 with 14 bmis
14 bmis 26 and
15 in 16 excess
15 in 26 and
16 excess 17 of
16 excess 21 2
16 excess 24 p<0.01
17 of 19 kg/m
18 23.0 19 kg/m
20 ( 21 2
21 2 22 )
23 ( 24 p<0.01
24 p<0.01 25 )
26 and 27 not
26 and 28 at
28 at 29 all
29 all 30 in
30 in 31 women

the mean levels of subcutaneous at were over 2 - fold greater than visceral at in women aged 60 - 69 years in any bmi stratum . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 levels
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 the 3 levels
2 mean 3 levels
3 levels 4 of
3 levels 7 were
4 of 6 at
5 subcutaneous 6 at
7 were 8 over
8 over 9 2
10 - 15 at
10 - 18 aged
11 fold 15 at
12 greater 15 at
13 than 14 visceral
14 visceral 15 at
15 at 16 in
15 at 18 aged
16 in 17 women
18 aged 22 years
18 aged 23 in
19 60 20 -
20 - 21 69
20 - 22 years
23 in 26 stratum
24 any 26 stratum
25 bmi 26 stratum

conclusion : in japanese men and women , visceral at was increased with age in all bmi strata in both genders , whereas subcutaneous at was decreased with age in men with bmis in excess of 23.0 kg/m ( 2 ) and not at all in women . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 decreased
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 conclusion 2 :
2 : 3 in
3 in 6 and
4 japanese 5 men
5 men 6 and
6 and 7 women
8 , 10 at
8 , 18 strata
9 visceral 10 at
10 at 11 was
11 was 12 increased
12 increased 13 with
13 with 14 age
14 age 15 in
15 in 16 all
17 bmi 18 strata
18 strata 19 in
18 strata 23 whereas
19 in 21 genders
20 both 21 genders
22 , 23 whereas
23 whereas 25 at
24 subcutaneous 25 at
25 at 26 was
26 was 27 decreased
27 decreased 28 with
27 decreased 30 in
28 with 29 age
30 in 31 men
31 men 42 and
32 with 33 bmis
32 with 42 and
33 bmis 34 in
33 bmis 36 of
33 bmis 40 2
34 in 35 excess
36 of 38 kg/m
37 23.0 38 kg/m
39 ( 40 2
40 2 41 )
42 and 43 not
42 and 44 at
44 at 45 all
45 all 46 in
46 in 47 women

even with these age - related changes in abdominal fat distribution , women retained the subcutaneous - dominant type of fat distribution up to 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 age
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 even 2 with
1 even 4 age
2 with 3 these
5 - 6 related
6 related 7 changes
6 related 8 in
6 related 12 ,
8 in 11 distribution
9 abdominal 10 fat
10 fat 11 distribution
12 , 13 women
12 , 14 retained
13 women 14 retained
14 retained 20 of
15 the 20 of
16 subcutaneous 17 -
16 subcutaneous 20 of
18 dominant 20 of
19 type 20 of
20 of 22 distribution
20 of 23 up
21 fat 22 distribution
23 up 24 to
24 to 26 years
25 70 26 years

the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 gene ( ptpn22 ) is an important negative regulator of signal transduction through [the] t - cell receptors ( tcr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 7 gene
2 protein 4 phosphatase
3 tyrosine 4 phosphatase
4 phosphatase 7 gene
5 nonreceptor 7 gene
6 22 7 gene
7 gene 9 ptpn22
7 gene 11 is
8 ( 9 ptpn22
9 ptpn22 10 )
11 is 15 regulator
12 an 13 important
12 an 15 regulator
13 important 15 regulator
14 negative 15 regulator
15 regulator 16 of
16 of 18 transduction
17 signal 18 transduction
18 transduction 19 through
18 transduction 24 receptors
19 through 21 t
22 - 24 receptors
23 cell 24 receptors
24 receptors 26 tcr
24 receptors 27 )
25 ( 26 tcr
26 tcr 27 )

recently a single - nucleotide polymorphism ( snp ) 1858 c/t within this gene was shown [to] be a risk factor for several autoimmune diseases , such as rheumatoid arthritis [(] [ra] ) , graves ' disease ( gd ) , systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , wegener 's granulomatosis ( wg ) and type 1 diabetes mellitus ( t1d ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 polymorphism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 recently 6 polymorphism
2 a 6 polymorphism
3 single 4 -
3 single 6 polymorphism
5 nucleotide 6 polymorphism
6 polymorphism 8 snp
6 polymorphism 16 shown
6 polymorphism 18 be
7 ( 8 snp
8 snp 9 )
10 1858 11 c/t
10 1858 15 was
10 1858 16 shown
11 c/t 12 within
11 c/t 15 was
12 within 14 gene
13 this 14 gene
18 be 59 mellitus
19 a 21 factor
20 risk 21 factor
21 factor 22 for
21 factor 55 and
22 for 25 diseases
23 several 25 diseases
24 autoimmune 25 diseases
25 diseases 28 as
25 diseases 37 disease
26 , 28 as
27 such 28 as
28 as 30 arthritis
28 as 33 )
29 rheumatoid 30 arthritis
34 , 37 disease
35 graves 36 '
36 ' 37 disease
37 disease 39 gd
37 disease 44 erythematosus
37 disease 54 )
38 ( 39 gd
39 gd 40 )
41 , 44 erythematosus
42 systemic 43 lupus
43 lupus 44 erythematosus
44 erythematosus 46 sle
44 erythematosus 51 granulomatosis
44 erythematosus 54 )
45 ( 46 sle
46 sle 47 )
48 , 51 granulomatosis
49 wegener 50 's
50 's 51 granulomatosis
51 granulomatosis 53 wg
51 granulomatosis 54 )
52 ( 53 wg
53 wg 54 )
55 and 56 type
55 and 58 diabetes
56 type 57 1
58 diabetes 59 mellitus
59 mellitus 61 t1d
60 ( 61 t1d
61 t1d 62 )

the aim of this study was to analyze a possible association between 1858 c/t snp and a number of autoimmune diseases , including [ra] , gd and t1d in russian population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aim
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 aim
2 aim 3 of
2 aim 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 analyze
7 to 8 analyze
8 analyze 16 and
8 analyze 29 in
9 a 11 association
10 possible 11 association
11 association 12 between
11 association 16 and
12 between 15 snp
13 1858 14 c/t
14 c/t 15 snp
16 and 18 number
16 and 19 of
17 a 18 number
19 of 27 and
20 autoimmune 21 diseases
21 diseases 22 ,
22 , 23 including
22 , 25 ,
25 , 26 gd
25 , 27 and
27 and 28 t1d
29 in 31 population
30 russian 31 population

patients with t1d , gd , ra and healthy controls were genotyped for the 1858 c/t snp in ptpn22 gene . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 genotyped
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 patients 2 with
1 patients 8 and
2 with 7 ra
3 t1d 5 gd
4 , 5 gd
5 gd 6 ,
5 gd 7 ra
6 , 7 ra
8 and 10 controls
8 and 11 were
9 healthy 10 controls
11 were 12 genotyped
12 genotyped 13 for
13 for 20 gene
14 the 20 gene
15 1858 20 gene
16 c/t 17 snp
17 snp 18 in
17 snp 20 gene
18 in 19 ptpn22

we found a significant association between ptpn22 1858 c/t snp and t1d and gd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 association
2 found 6 between
3 a 4 significant
3 a 5 association
4 significant 5 association
6 between 11 and
7 ptpn22 8 1858
7 ptpn22 9 c/t
9 c/t 10 snp
10 snp 11 and
11 and 14 gd
12 t1d 13 and
13 and 14 gd

no such association was observed [for] [ra] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 observed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 no 2 such
2 such 3 association
3 association 4 was
4 was 5 observed

in concordance with a previous data establishing ptpn22 1858 c/t snp association with several autoimmune diseases , our findings provide further evidence that the ptpn22 gene may play an important role in the susceptibility to some autoimmune diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 in 2 concordance
1 in 17 ,
1 in 19 findings
2 concordance 3 with
3 with 12 association
4 a 12 association
5 previous 12 association
6 data 12 association
7 establishing 12 association
8 ptpn22 9 1858
8 ptpn22 10 c/t
10 c/t 11 snp
11 snp 12 association
12 association 13 with
13 with 16 diseases
14 several 16 diseases
15 autoimmune 16 diseases
18 our 19 findings
19 findings 20 provide
20 provide 22 evidence
20 provide 32 in
20 provide 35 to
21 further 22 evidence
22 evidence 23 that
23 that 26 gene
23 that 28 play
24 the 26 gene
25 ptpn22 26 gene
26 gene 27 may
27 may 28 play
28 play 31 role
29 an 30 important
29 an 31 role
30 important 31 role
32 in 34 susceptibility
33 the 34 susceptibility
35 to 38 diseases
36 some 38 diseases
37 autoimmune 38 diseases

interpretation of cognitive change has been complicated because different influences on change are not easily distinguished . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 interpretation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 been
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 interpretation 2 of
1 interpretation 5 has
2 of 4 change
3 cognitive 4 change
5 has 6 been
6 been 7 complicated
7 complicated 8 because
8 because 10 influences
8 because 13 are
9 different 10 influences
10 influences 11 on
10 influences 13 are
11 on 12 change
13 are 14 not
13 are 16 distinguished
14 not 15 easily

in this study , longitudinal cognitive change was decomposed into a component related to the length of the interval between test occasions ( i.e [.] , time - dependent change [ )(and a component unrelated to the test - [retest] interval ( i.e [.] , time - independent change ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 decomposed
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 change
2 this 3 study
5 longitudinal 7 change
6 cognitive 7 change
7 change 8 was
8 was 9 decomposed
9 decomposed 10 into
9 decomposed 14 to
10 into 12 component
11 a 12 component
12 component 13 related
14 to 16 length
15 the 16 length
16 length 17 of
16 length 20 between
16 length 22 occasions
16 length 27 time
17 of 19 interval
18 the 19 interval
20 between 21 test
22 occasions 24 i.e
22 occasions 27 time
23 ( 24 i.e
24 i.e 26 ,
27 time 39 -
28 - 39 -
29 dependent 30 change
30 change 32 )(and
32 )(and 34 component
32 )(and 39 -
33 a 34 component
34 component 35 unrelated
35 unrelated 36 to
36 to 38 test
37 the 38 test
39 - 41 interval
39 - 51 .
41 interval 46 time
41 interval 49 change
42 ( 46 time
43 i.e 45 ,
43 i.e 46 time
46 time 47 -
47 - 49 change
48 independent 49 change
49 change 50 )

influences of age on the two hypothesized components were investigated in a sample of more than 1,500 adults for whom the intervals between test occasions ranged from less than 1 year to more than 8 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 influences
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 influences 2 of
1 influences 4 on
1 influences 8 components
1 influences 9 were
1 influences 10 investigated
2 of 3 age
4 on 6 two
5 the 6 two
7 hypothesized 8 components
8 components 9 were
10 investigated 11 in
10 investigated 27 from
10 investigated 29 than
11 in 13 sample
12 a 13 sample
13 sample 14 of
13 sample 19 for
14 of 18 adults
15 more 16 than
16 than 17 1,500
17 1,500 18 adults
19 for 20 whom
19 for 22 intervals
19 for 26 ranged
21 the 22 intervals
22 intervals 23 between
22 intervals 26 ranged
23 between 25 occasions
24 test 25 occasions
27 from 28 less
29 than 31 year
29 than 32 to
30 1 31 year
32 to 36 years
33 more 34 than
34 than 35 8
35 8 36 years

although overall change was negatively related to age for all seven composite cognitive variables , little or no effect of age was apparent for the time [-] dependent component of change . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 to
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 although 3 change
1 although 6 related
1 although 7 to
2 overall 3 change
3 change 4 was
4 was 6 related
5 negatively 6 related
7 to 8 age
7 to 22 was
8 age 9 for
9 for 17 or
10 all 11 seven
11 seven 14 variables
12 composite 14 variables
13 cognitive 14 variables
14 variables 15 ,
15 , 16 little
15 , 17 or
17 or 19 effect
17 or 20 of
18 no 19 effect
20 of 21 age
22 was 23 apparent
23 apparent 24 for
24 for 29 component
25 the 29 component
26 time 29 component
28 dependent 29 component
29 component 30 of
30 of 31 change

the results suggest that the relations between age and cognitive change over intervals of less than 8 years are largely influenced by factors operating at or near the initial test occasion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 6 relations
4 that 11 change
5 the 6 relations
6 relations 7 between
7 between 9 and
8 age 9 and
9 and 10 cognitive
11 change 26 or
12 over 13 intervals
12 over 26 or
13 intervals 14 of
14 of 17 8
15 less 16 than
16 than 17 8
17 8 18 years
17 8 25 at
18 years 19 are
19 are 21 influenced
20 largely 21 influenced
21 influenced 22 by
22 by 23 factors
23 factors 24 operating
24 operating 25 at
26 or 27 near
27 near 31 occasion
28 the 31 occasion
29 initial 30 test
30 test 31 occasion

objectives : to compare demographic , social , medical , and health care characteristics [of] home care clients in the last year of life by quintile of deprivation and examine associations between material deprivation and service characteristics . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objectives
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 objectives 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 5 demographic
3 to 4 compare
6 , 7 social
6 , 8 ,
8 , 11 and
8 , 29 and
9 medical 11 and
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 characteristics
11 and 29 and
12 health 14 characteristics
13 care 14 characteristics
16 home 18 clients
16 home 29 and
17 care 18 clients
18 clients 19 in
18 clients 23 of
19 in 22 year
20 the 21 last
20 the 22 year
23 of 24 life
24 life 25 by
25 by 26 quintile
26 quintile 27 of
27 of 28 deprivation
29 and 30 examine
29 and 32 between
30 examine 31 associations
32 between 35 and
33 material 34 deprivation
34 deprivation 35 and
35 and 37 characteristics
36 service 37 characteristics

method : this retrospective study used administrative data for 700 clients who died while receiving home care services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 method
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 study
2 : 6 used
2 : 19 .
3 this 5 study
4 retrospective 5 study
5 study 6 used
6 used 8 data
7 administrative 8 data
8 data 9 for
9 for 11 clients
10 700 11 clients
11 clients 12 who
11 clients 13 died
12 who 13 died
13 died 14 while
14 while 15 receiving
15 receiving 18 services
16 home 18 services
17 care 18 services

outcome measures were the receipt of supportive or palliative home care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 measures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 outcome 2 measures
2 measures 3 were
3 were 5 receipt
4 the 5 receipt
5 receipt 6 of
6 of 8 or
7 supportive 8 or
8 or 11 care
9 palliative 11 care
10 home 11 care

associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 associations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assessed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 associations 2 were
2 were 3 assessed
3 assessed 4 using
4 using 7 regression
5 multiple 7 regression
6 logistic 7 regression

result : material deprivation was not associated with either the hours of home care received or the receipt of supportive home care services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 result
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 4 deprivation
2 : 5 was
3 material 4 deprivation
4 deprivation 5 was
5 was 6 not
5 was 8 with
6 not 7 associated
8 with 16 or
9 either 16 or
10 the 11 hours
11 hours 14 care
11 hours 15 received
11 hours 16 or
12 of 13 home
12 of 14 care
14 care 15 received
16 or 18 receipt
17 the 18 receipt
18 receipt 19 of
19 of 23 services
20 supportive 21 home
21 home 22 care
22 care 23 services

clients with dementia or stroke , those were older than 80 years and those who were single were less likely to receive palliative care services than other groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 clients 2 with
1 clients 4 or
2 with 3 dementia
4 or 5 stroke
6 , 7 those
6 , 8 were
6 , 10 than
7 those 8 were
8 were 9 older
10 than 13 and
10 than 18 were
11 80 12 years
12 years 13 and
13 and 14 those
13 and 15 who
13 and 16 were
13 and 18 were
15 who 16 were
16 were 17 single
18 were 19 less
18 were 20 likely
20 likely 21 to
20 likely 22 receive
21 to 22 receive
22 receive 25 services
22 receive 26 than
23 palliative 24 care
24 care 25 services
26 than 28 groups
27 other 28 groups

discussion : inequalities in allocation of home care services based on age , diagnosis , and marital status , but not material deprivation , suggest the need to carefully match service with need at the end of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 16 and
2 : 24 ,
2 : 39 .
3 inequalities 4 in
3 inequalities 6 of
3 inequalities 10 based
3 inequalities 16 and
4 in 5 allocation
6 of 9 services
7 home 9 services
8 care 9 services
10 based 11 on
11 on 12 age
12 age 14 diagnosis
13 , 14 diagnosis
14 diagnosis 15 ,
16 and 18 status
16 and 20 but
17 marital 18 status
19 , 20 but
20 but 21 not
20 but 23 deprivation
20 but 24 ,
22 material 23 deprivation
24 , 25 suggest
25 suggest 27 need
26 the 27 need
27 need 28 to
27 need 30 match
28 to 30 match
29 carefully 30 match
30 match 31 service
30 match 32 with
30 match 34 at
32 with 33 need
34 at 36 end
35 the 36 end
36 end 37 of
37 of 38 life

the mitochondrial transcription factor a ( tfam ) is required for mitochondrial dna ( mtdna ) replication [and] transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 factor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 required
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 the 4 factor
2 mitochondrial 3 transcription
3 transcription 4 factor
4 factor 5 a
4 factor 7 tfam
4 factor 9 is
6 ( 7 tfam
7 tfam 8 )
9 is 10 required
10 required 11 for
11 for 19 transcription
12 mitochondrial 19 transcription
13 dna 15 mtdna
13 dna 19 transcription
14 ( 15 mtdna
15 mtdna 16 )
17 replication 19 transcription

disruption of tfam results in heart failure and premature aging in mice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 disruption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 disruption 2 of
1 disruption 4 results
2 of 3 tfam
4 results 5 in
4 results 11 in
5 in 8 and
6 heart 7 failure
7 failure 8 and
8 and 9 premature
8 and 10 aging
11 in 12 mice

but very little is known about the role of tfam in cancer development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 but 3 little
1 but 5 known
2 very 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
5 known 11 in
6 about 8 role
7 the 8 role
8 role 9 of
9 of 10 tfam
11 in 13 development
12 cancer 13 development

here , we report the identification of frequent frameshift mutations in the coding mononucleotide repeat of tfam in sporadic colorectal [cancer] ( crc ) cell lines and in primary tumors with microsatellite instability ( msi ) , but not in microsatellite stable ( mss ) crc cell lines and tumors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 report
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 here 2 ,
1 here 3 we
3 we 4 report
4 report 49 and
5 the 6 identification
6 identification 7 of
6 identification 49 and
7 of 10 mutations
8 frequent 10 mutations
9 frameshift 10 mutations
10 mutations 11 in
10 mutations 16 of
11 in 15 repeat
12 the 15 repeat
13 coding 14 mononucleotide
14 mononucleotide 15 repeat
16 of 17 tfam
17 tfam 27 and
18 in 26 lines
18 in 27 and
19 sporadic 25 cell
20 colorectal 23 crc
20 colorectal 25 cell
22 ( 23 crc
23 crc 24 )
25 cell 26 lines
27 and 28 in
28 in 30 tumors
29 primary 30 tumors
30 tumors 38 but
31 with 33 instability
31 with 38 but
32 microsatellite 33 instability
33 instability 35 msi
34 ( 35 msi
35 msi 36 )
37 , 38 but
38 but 39 not
38 but 40 in
40 in 48 lines
41 microsatellite 48 lines
42 stable 44 mss
42 stable 47 cell
43 ( 44 mss
44 mss 45 )
46 crc 47 cell
47 cell 48 lines
49 and 50 tumors

the presence of the tfam truncating mutation , in crc cells with msi , reduced the tfam protein level in vivo and in vitro and correlated with mtdna depletion . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 25 and
3 of 5 tfam
4 the 5 tfam
5 tfam 6 truncating
5 tfam 9 in
6 truncating 7 mutation
8 , 9 in
9 in 11 cells
9 in 14 ,
10 crc 11 cells
11 cells 12 with
12 with 13 msi
15 reduced 19 level
15 reduced 22 and
15 reduced 25 and
16 the 19 level
17 tfam 19 level
18 protein 19 level
20 in 21 vivo
21 vivo 22 and
22 and 24 vitro
23 in 24 vitro
25 and 26 correlated
25 and 27 with
27 with 29 depletion
28 mtdna 29 depletion

furthermore , forced overexpression of wild - type tfam in rko cells carrying a tfam truncating mutation suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited rko cell - induced xenograft tumor growth . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 xenograft
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 21 and
3 forced 4 overexpression
4 overexpression 5 of
4 overexpression 21 and
5 of 12 cells
6 wild 7 -
6 wild 8 type
8 type 12 cells
9 tfam 10 in
9 tfam 12 cells
10 in 11 rko
12 cells 13 carrying
13 carrying 20 proliferation
14 a 20 proliferation
15 tfam 17 mutation
16 truncating 17 mutation
17 mutation 18 suppressed
18 suppressed 19 cell
19 cell 20 proliferation
21 and 24 cell
21 and 25 -
21 and 26 induced
21 and 27 xenograft
22 inhibited 24 cell
23 rko 24 cell
27 xenograft 29 growth
28 tumor 29 growth

moreover , these cells showed more susceptibility to cisplatin - induced apoptosis due to an increase of cytochrome [b] ( cyt [b] ) expression and its release from mitochondria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 4 cells
3 these 4 cells
4 cells 5 showed
5 showed 7 susceptibility
5 showed 24 expression
5 showed 25 and
6 more 7 susceptibility
7 susceptibility 8 to
8 to 9 cisplatin
9 cisplatin 12 apoptosis
10 - 12 apoptosis
11 induced 12 apoptosis
12 apoptosis 14 to
12 apoptosis 23 )
13 due 14 to
14 to 16 increase
15 an 16 increase
16 increase 17 of
17 of 18 cytochrome
18 cytochrome 21 cyt
20 ( 21 cyt
21 cyt 23 )
25 and 27 release
26 its 27 release
27 release 28 from
28 from 29 mitochondria

an interaction assay between tfam and the heavy - strand promoter ( hsp ) of mitochondria revealed that mutant tfam exhibited reduced binding to hsp , leading to reduction in cyt [b] transcription . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 assay
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 revealed
1 an 3 assay
2 interaction 3 assay
3 assay 4 between
3 assay 15 of
3 assay 17 revealed
4 between 6 and
5 tfam 6 and
6 and 11 promoter
6 and 13 hsp
7 the 11 promoter
8 heavy 9 -
8 heavy 10 strand
10 strand 11 promoter
12 ( 13 hsp
13 hsp 14 )
15 of 16 mitochondria
17 revealed 20 tfam
18 that 20 tfam
19 mutant 20 tfam
20 tfam 21 exhibited
20 tfam 23 binding
20 tfam 24 to
21 exhibited 22 reduced
24 to 25 hsp
25 hsp 27 leading
26 , 27 leading
27 leading 28 to
27 leading 34 .
28 to 29 reduction
29 reduction 30 in
30 in 33 transcription
31 cyt 33 transcription

collectively , these data provide evidence that a high incidence of tfam truncating mutations leads to mitochondrial copy number reduction and mitochondrial instability , distinguishing most crc with msi from mss crc . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 provide
1 collectively 2 ,
1 collectively 4 data
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 provide
5 provide 6 evidence
6 evidence 7 that
7 that 10 incidence
7 that 15 leads
8 a 10 incidence
9 high 10 incidence
10 incidence 11 of
10 incidence 15 leads
11 of 12 tfam
12 tfam 13 truncating
13 truncating 14 mutations
15 leads 16 to
15 leads 27 crc
16 to 21 and
17 mitochondrial 18 copy
18 copy 19 number
19 number 20 reduction
20 reduction 21 and
21 and 23 instability
21 and 24 ,
21 and 25 distinguishing
22 mitochondrial 23 instability
25 distinguishing 26 most
27 crc 28 with
27 crc 30 from
28 with 29 msi
30 from 32 crc
31 mss 32 crc
32 crc 33 .

these mutations may play an important role in tumorigenesis and cisplatin - induced apoptotic resistance of most microsatellite - unstable crcs . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mutations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 mutations
2 mutations 3 may
3 may 4 play
4 play 10 and
5 an 6 important
5 an 7 role
6 important 7 role
7 role 8 in
7 role 10 and
8 in 9 tumorigenesis
10 and 11 cisplatin
10 and 15 resistance
12 - 15 resistance
13 induced 15 resistance
14 apoptotic 15 resistance
15 resistance 16 of
15 resistance 19 -
16 of 18 microsatellite
17 most 18 microsatellite
19 - 21 crcs
20 unstable 21 crcs

[none] background : plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase , alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) , aspartate aminotransferase , and [γ] - glutamyl transferase ( ggt ) [are] often increased in cardiometabolic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
2 background 3 :
3 : 5 activities
4 plasma 5 activities
5 activities 6 of
6 of 8 phosphatase
7 alkaline 8 phosphatase
8 phosphatase 11 aminotransferase
8 phosphatase 17 aminotransferase
9 , 11 aminotransferase
10 alanine 11 aminotransferase
11 aminotransferase 13 alt
11 aminotransferase 15 ,
12 ( 13 alt
13 alt 14 )
15 , 17 aminotransferase
16 aspartate 17 aminotransferase
17 aminotransferase 18 ,
18 , 19 and
19 and 21 -
19 and 23 transferase
19 and 29 increased
22 glutamyl 23 transferase
23 transferase 25 ggt
23 transferase 29 increased
24 ( 25 ggt
25 ggt 26 )
28 often 29 increased
29 increased 30 in
30 in 32 diseases
31 cardiometabolic 32 diseases

we investigated if [hypertension] [is] associated with increased activities of these plasma markers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 we 2 investigated
2 investigated 3 if
3 if 6 associated
6 associated 7 with
7 with 9 activities
8 increased 9 activities
9 activities 10 of
10 of 13 markers
11 these 13 markers
12 plasma 13 markers

methods : we included 235 hypertensive and 708 normotensive subjects ( mean age 47.3±9.6 and 58.0±10.2 years [respectively] ) from the hong kong cardiovascular risk factor prevalence study - 2 ( crisps - 2 ) in 2000 - 2004 who had drank < 1 / week . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 included
2 : 47 .
3 we 4 included
4 included 7 and
4 included 20 from
4 included 36 in
5 235 7 and
6 hypertensive 7 and
7 and 10 subjects
7 and 17 years
8 708 10 subjects
9 normotensive 10 subjects
11 ( 17 years
12 mean 13 age
13 age 17 years
14 47.3±9.6 15 and
15 and 16 58.0±10.2
15 and 17 years
17 years 19 )
20 from 28 study
21 the 28 study
22 hong 23 kong
23 kong 24 cardiovascular
24 cardiovascular 25 risk
25 risk 26 factor
26 factor 27 prevalence
27 prevalence 28 study
28 study 30 2
29 - 30 2
30 2 33 -
30 2 35 )
31 ( 33 -
32 crisps 33 -
33 - 34 2
33 - 35 )
36 in 38 -
37 2000 38 -
38 - 39 2004
38 - 40 who
38 - 41 had
40 who 41 had
41 had 42 drank
42 drank 46 week
43 < 44 1
44 1 46 week
45 / 46 week

in the [follow] [-] up study in 2005 - 2008 ( crisps - 3 ) , 126 out of the 708 subjects had developed [hypertension] . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 126
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 6 study
1 in 16 ,
1 in 17 126
2 the 6 study
5 up 6 study
6 study 7 in
7 in 9 -
8 2005 9 -
9 - 10 2008
9 - 12 crisps
11 ( 12 crisps
12 crisps 14 3
12 crisps 16 ,
13 - 14 3
14 3 15 )
17 126 19 of
17 126 23 had
18 out 19 of
19 of 22 subjects
20 the 21 708
21 708 22 subjects
23 had 24 developed

among subjects not on anti - hypertensive medications , plasma alp , alt and ggt were related to blood pressure ( p<0.01 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 plasma
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 among 2 subjects
1 among 9 ,
1 among 10 plasma
2 subjects 3 not
3 not 4 on
4 on 8 medications
5 anti 6 -
5 anti 8 medications
7 hypertensive 8 medications
10 plasma 14 and
10 plasma 16 were
10 plasma 17 related
11 alp 13 alt
12 , 13 alt
13 alt 14 and
14 and 15 ggt
14 and 16 were
17 related 18 to
18 to 19 blood
19 blood 20 pressure
20 pressure 22 p<0.01
21 ( 22 p<0.01
22 p<0.01 23 )

conclusions : among the 4 plasma markers , increased ggt activity is the strongest predictor for existing and new - onset hypertension in hong kong chinese . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 conclusions 2 :
2 : 3 among
3 among 7 markers
4 the 5 4
5 4 7 markers
6 plasma 7 markers
8 , 11 activity
8 , 12 is
9 increased 11 activity
10 ggt 11 activity
11 activity 12 is
12 is 26 chinese
13 the 14 strongest
13 the 15 predictor
15 predictor 16 for
15 predictor 18 and
16 for 17 existing
18 and 22 hypertension
18 and 23 in
18 and 26 chinese
19 new 20 -
19 new 21 onset
21 onset 22 hypertension
23 in 24 hong
25 kong 26 chinese

introduction : the aging of the canadian population is associated with a rising burden of heart failure ( hf ) , a condition associated with significant morbidity , mortality and health service use . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 introduction
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 introduction 2 :
2 : 4 aging
3 the 4 aging
4 aging 5 of
4 aging 19 hf
5 of 7 canadian
6 the 7 canadian
7 canadian 8 population
7 canadian 9 is
7 canadian 10 associated
7 canadian 15 of
8 population 9 is
10 associated 11 with
11 with 14 burden
12 a 14 burden
13 rising 14 burden
15 of 17 failure
16 heart 17 failure
18 ( 19 hf
19 hf 20 )
21 , 30 and
22 a 23 condition
23 condition 24 associated
23 condition 28 ,
24 associated 25 with
25 with 27 morbidity
26 significant 27 morbidity
28 , 29 mortality
28 , 30 and
30 and 33 use
31 health 33 use
32 service 33 use

results : compared with other home care clients , hf clients exhibit more health instability , take more medications , experience more comorbid conditions and receive significantly more nursing , homemaking and meal services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 11 clients
2 : 12 exhibit
2 : 16 ,
2 : 35 .
3 compared 4 with
3 compared 9 ,
3 compared 11 clients
4 with 8 clients
5 other 8 clients
6 home 8 clients
7 care 8 clients
9 , 10 hf
10 hf 11 clients
11 clients 12 exhibit
12 exhibit 15 instability
13 more 15 instability
14 health 15 instability
16 , 20 ,
17 take 19 medications
17 take 20 ,
18 more 19 medications
20 , 25 and
21 experience 24 conditions
21 experience 25 and
22 more 23 comorbid
23 comorbid 24 conditions
25 and 26 receive
26 receive 32 and
27 significantly 28 more
28 more 32 and
29 nursing 30 ,
30 , 31 homemaking
30 , 32 and
32 and 34 services
33 meal 34 services

they are hospitalized more frequently , have significantly more emergency department visits and use more emergent care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hospitalized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 they 2 are
2 are 3 hospitalized
3 hospitalized 5 frequently
4 more 5 frequently
6 , 13 and
7 have 12 visits
7 have 13 and
8 significantly 9 more
9 more 12 visits
10 emergency 12 visits
11 department 12 visits
13 and 14 use
14 use 17 care
15 more 16 emergent
16 emergent 17 care

discussion : hf clients are a more complex group than home care clients in general . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 discussion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 clients
2 : 5 are
2 : 16 .
3 hf 4 clients
4 clients 5 are
5 are 9 group
5 are 10 than
5 are 15 general
6 a 9 group
7 more 8 complex
8 complex 9 group
10 than 13 clients
11 home 13 clients
12 care 13 clients
14 in 15 general

patient self - care must be tailored to the clinical characteristics , patterns of service use and barriers to self [-] care of the client . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 self
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 patient 2 self
3 - 4 care
3 - 7 tailored
3 - 26 .
4 care 5 must
5 must 6 be
6 be 7 tailored
7 tailored 8 to
7 tailored 19 to
8 to 17 and
9 the 11 characteristics
10 clinical 11 characteristics
11 characteristics 12 ,
12 , 13 patterns
12 , 17 and
13 patterns 14 of
14 of 16 use
15 service 16 use
17 and 18 barriers
19 to 22 care
20 self 22 care
22 care 23 of
23 of 25 client
24 the 25 client

this is particularly true for older , frail and medically complex hf patients , many of whom [require] home care services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 this
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 this 2 is
2 is 3 particularly
2 is 4 true
4 true 5 for
5 for 13 patients
6 older 7 ,
6 older 13 patients
8 frail 9 and
9 and 11 complex
9 and 13 patients
10 medically 11 complex
12 hf 13 patients
13 patients 15 many
14 , 15 many
15 many 16 of
15 many 22 .
16 of 17 whom
17 whom 20 care
17 whom 21 services
19 home 20 care
20 care 21 services

this work provides a background upon which to base initiatives to help these higher - needs clients manage their hf at home with appropriate support and services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 work
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 work
2 work 3 provides
3 provides 5 background
3 provides 8 to
4 a 5 background
5 background 6 upon
6 upon 7 which
8 to 9 base
9 base 10 initiatives
10 initiatives 11 to
10 initiatives 18 manage
11 to 12 help
12 help 17 clients
12 help 18 manage
13 these 17 clients
14 higher 15 -
14 higher 17 clients
16 needs 17 clients
18 manage 20 hf
18 manage 21 at
19 their 20 hf
21 at 26 and
22 home 23 with
22 home 26 and
23 with 25 support
24 appropriate 25 support
26 and 27 services

polyglutamine diseases , including machado - joseph disease and huntington 's disease , typically appear in midlife and [are] characterized by amyloid accumulations of abnormally expanded polyglutamine proteins . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diseases
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 polyglutamine 2 diseases
2 diseases 4 including
2 diseases 18 and
3 , 4 including
4 including 5 machado
4 including 13 ,
5 machado 9 and
6 - 9 and
7 joseph 8 disease
8 disease 9 and
9 and 12 disease
9 and 13 ,
10 huntington 11 's
11 's 12 disease
14 typically 15 appear
15 appear 16 in
15 appear 18 and
16 in 17 midlife
18 and 20 characterized
18 and 21 by
21 by 23 accumulations
22 amyloid 23 accumulations
23 accumulations 24 of
24 of 28 proteins
25 abnormally 26 expanded
26 expanded 27 polyglutamine
27 polyglutamine 28 proteins

although there is growing evidence that aging has an important role in the occurrence of such diseases , the role of aging in the late onset of these diseases is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 although 2 there
1 although 3 is
1 although 18 ,
2 there 3 is
3 is 5 evidence
4 growing 5 evidence
5 evidence 7 aging
6 that 7 aging
8 has 11 role
8 has 12 in
8 has 18 ,
9 an 11 role
10 important 11 role
12 in 14 occurrence
13 the 14 occurrence
14 occurrence 15 of
15 of 17 diseases
16 such 17 diseases
18 , 33 understood
19 the 20 role
20 role 21 of
20 role 30 is
21 of 22 aging
22 aging 23 in
23 in 26 onset
24 the 26 onset
25 late 26 onset
26 onset 27 of
27 of 29 diseases
28 these 29 diseases
30 is 31 not
31 not 32 well
32 well 33 understood

recent studies showed that differences in amyloid [conformation] from different brain regions lead to differing toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 recent 2 studies
2 studies 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 5 differences
4 that 13 lead
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 9 from
5 differences 13 lead
6 in 7 amyloid
9 from 12 regions
10 different 11 brain
11 brain 12 regions
13 lead 14 to
14 to 16 toxicity
15 differing 16 toxicity

we hypothesized that higher amyloid toxicity at later ages might cause the late onset of polyglutamine diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 2 hypothesized
2 hypothesized 3 that
3 that 6 toxicity
3 that 11 cause
4 higher 6 toxicity
5 amyloid 6 toxicity
6 toxicity 7 at
6 toxicity 10 might
7 at 9 ages
8 later 9 ages
10 might 11 cause
11 cause 14 onset
12 the 14 onset
13 late 14 onset
14 onset 15 of
15 of 17 diseases
16 polyglutamine 17 diseases

using a method for temporal and regional gene expression targeting ( target ) in drosophila , we showed that transient polyglutamine expression caused more severe neurodegeneration in older flies than in younger flies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 using 3 method
1 using 13 )
1 using 17 we
2 a 3 method
3 method 4 for
4 for 10 targeting
5 temporal 6 and
6 and 7 regional
6 and 10 targeting
8 gene 9 expression
9 expression 10 targeting
10 targeting 12 target
11 ( 12 target
12 target 13 )
14 in 15 drosophila
14 in 16 ,
14 in 17 we
17 we 18 showed
18 showed 26 neurodegeneration
18 showed 27 in
18 showed 30 than
19 that 26 neurodegeneration
20 transient 26 neurodegeneration
21 polyglutamine 22 expression
22 expression 23 caused
23 caused 26 neurodegeneration
24 more 25 severe
25 severe 26 neurodegeneration
27 in 29 flies
28 older 29 flies
30 than 31 in
31 in 33 flies
32 younger 33 flies

moreover , the polyglutamine amyloids themselves showed distinct characteristics in relation to age ; those from older flies were less resistant to sds and more effective at seeding polymerization than those from younger flies , suggesting that the polyglutamine amyloids in aged individuals may have higher toxicity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 amyloids
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 5 amyloids
3 the 5 amyloids
4 polyglutamine 5 amyloids
5 amyloids 7 showed
6 themselves 7 showed
7 showed 9 characteristics
7 showed 12 to
8 distinct 9 characteristics
9 characteristics 10 in
10 in 11 relation
12 to 13 age
14 ; 15 those
14 ; 19 were
14 ; 24 and
15 those 16 from
15 those 19 were
16 from 18 flies
17 older 18 flies
19 were 20 less
19 were 21 resistant
21 resistant 22 to
22 to 23 sds
24 and 36 suggesting
24 and 45 have
25 more 26 effective
26 effective 27 at
26 effective 32 from
26 effective 35 ,
26 effective 36 suggesting
27 at 28 seeding
28 seeding 29 polymerization
28 seeding 30 than
30 than 31 those
32 from 34 flies
33 younger 34 flies
36 suggesting 37 that
36 suggesting 44 may
37 that 39 polyglutamine
37 that 40 amyloids
38 the 39 polyglutamine
39 polyglutamine 40 amyloids
40 amyloids 41 in
41 in 43 individuals
42 aged 43 individuals
44 may 45 have
45 have 47 toxicity
46 higher 47 toxicity

these findings show that age - related changes in amyloid characteristics may be a trigger for late - onset polyglutamine diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 show
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 these 2 findings
2 findings 3 show
3 show 4 that
4 that 5 age
4 that 13 be
5 age 12 may
6 - 7 related
7 related 8 changes
7 related 12 may
8 changes 9 in
9 in 11 characteristics
10 amyloid 11 characteristics
12 may 13 be
13 be 15 trigger
14 a 15 trigger
15 trigger 16 for
16 for 21 diseases
17 late 18 -
17 late 19 onset
19 onset 21 diseases
20 polyglutamine 21 diseases

background : facial sagging is a well [-] known morphological feature associated with aging and reduced dermal elasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
2 : 4 sagging
2 : 5 is
3 facial 4 sagging
4 sagging 5 is
5 is 15 and
6 a 11 feature
7 well 9 known
9 known 11 feature
10 morphological 11 feature
11 feature 12 associated
11 feature 15 and
12 associated 13 with
13 with 14 aging
15 and 18 elasticity
16 reduced 18 elasticity
17 dermal 18 elasticity

its morphological characteristics and mechanism have been studied in females , but it is unclear whether or not there is a gender difference . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 studied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 its 3 characteristics
2 morphological 3 characteristics
3 characteristics 4 and
4 and 5 mechanism
4 and 6 have
6 have 7 been
7 been 8 studied
8 studied 9 in
9 in 10 females
11 , 12 but
12 but 13 it
12 but 14 is
13 it 14 is
14 is 15 unclear
15 unclear 18 not
16 whether 17 or
17 or 18 not
18 not 19 there
18 not 20 is
19 there 20 is
20 is 23 difference
21 a 22 gender
21 a 23 difference
22 gender 23 difference

aims : the aim of this study was to clarify the morphological characteristics of sagging and the mechanism of sagging formation in male faces as compared with female faces , focusing on changes in dermal elasticity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 aim
2 : 26 compared
3 the 4 aim
4 aim 5 of
4 aim 8 was
5 of 7 study
6 this 7 study
8 was 9 to
8 was 10 clarify
9 to 10 clarify
10 clarify 16 and
10 clarify 22 in
10 clarify 25 as
11 the 16 and
12 morphological 13 characteristics
13 characteristics 14 of
13 characteristics 16 and
14 of 15 sagging
16 and 18 mechanism
16 and 19 of
17 the 18 mechanism
19 of 21 formation
20 sagging 21 formation
22 in 24 faces
23 male 24 faces
25 as 26 compared
26 compared 27 with
27 with 29 faces
28 female 29 faces
29 faces 31 focusing
30 , 31 focusing
31 focusing 32 on
31 focusing 34 in
31 focusing 37 .
32 on 33 changes
34 in 36 elasticity
35 dermal 36 elasticity

methods : faces of 98 healthy japanese male volunteers , in [their] 20 s - 60 s , were photographed at an angle of 45 ° . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 faces
3 faces 4 of
4 of 5 98
5 98 7 japanese
5 98 20 photographed
6 healthy 7 japanese
7 japanese 9 volunteers
7 japanese 19 were
7 japanese 20 photographed
8 male 9 volunteers
9 volunteers 11 in
9 volunteers 19 were
10 , 11 in
11 in 15 -
11 in 18 ,
13 20 14 s
14 s 15 -
15 - 17 s
16 60 17 s
20 photographed 21 at
21 at 23 angle
22 an 23 angle
23 angle 24 of
24 of 26 °
25 45 26 °

upper and lower cheek sagging severity was evaluated by using photograph - based grading criteria . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 photograph
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 -
1 upper 2 and
2 and 4 cheek
2 and 5 sagging
2 and 6 severity
2 and 10 using
2 and 11 photograph
3 lower 4 cheek
6 severity 7 was
7 was 8 evaluated
8 evaluated 9 by
9 by 10 using
12 - 15 criteria
12 - 16 .
13 based 15 criteria
14 grading 15 criteria

in addition , new photograph - based grading criteria of sagging severity at the lower eyelid were established and used . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 addition
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
1 in 2 addition
3 , 5 photograph
3 , 6 -
4 new 5 photograph
6 - 9 criteria
6 - 17 were
6 - 21 .
7 based 9 criteria
8 grading 9 criteria
9 criteria 10 of
9 criteria 17 were
10 of 12 severity
11 sagging 12 severity
12 severity 13 at
13 at 16 eyelid
14 the 16 eyelid
15 lower 16 eyelid
17 were 19 and
18 established 19 and
19 and 20 used

dermal elasticity was measured using [a] [non] - invasive , in vivo suction skin elasticity meter , cutometer [(] [®] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 elasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 -
1 dermal 2 elasticity
2 elasticity 3 was
3 was 5 using
4 measured 5 using
8 - 13 suction
8 - 22 .
9 invasive 10 ,
9 invasive 13 suction
11 in 12 vivo
12 vivo 13 suction
13 suction 16 meter
14 skin 16 meter
15 elasticity 16 meter
16 meter 18 cutometer
17 , 18 cutometer
18 cutometer 21 )

furthermore , photographs of 108 healthy japanese female volunteers in [their] 20 s - 60 s were used to compare the difference in the morphological characteristics of sagging between males and females . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 photographs
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 compare
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 3 photographs
3 photographs 4 of
3 photographs 9 volunteers
3 photographs 19 to
3 photographs 20 compare
4 of 7 japanese
5 108 7 japanese
6 healthy 7 japanese
8 female 9 volunteers
9 volunteers 10 in
9 volunteers 17 were
10 in 14 -
12 20 13 s
13 s 14 -
14 - 16 s
15 60 16 s
17 were 18 used
18 used 19 to
20 compare 22 difference
21 the 22 difference
22 difference 23 in
22 difference 27 of
23 in 26 characteristics
24 the 26 characteristics
25 morphological 26 characteristics
27 of 28 sagging
28 sagging 29 between
29 between 31 and
30 males 31 and
31 and 32 females

results : male facial sagging was prominent at the lower eyelid , upper cheek and lower cheek . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 5 sagging
2 : 6 was
2 : 12 ,
2 : 18 .
3 male 5 sagging
4 facial 5 sagging
5 sagging 6 was
6 was 7 prominent
7 prominent 8 at
8 at 11 eyelid
9 the 11 eyelid
10 lower 11 eyelid
12 , 15 and
13 upper 14 cheek
14 cheek 15 and
15 and 17 cheek
16 lower 17 cheek

sagging severity in the upper and lower cheek was almost the same between males and females at all ages , whereas sagging at the lower eyelid in males was significantly more severe than that in females after middle age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 cheek
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 was
1 sagging 8 cheek
2 severity 3 in
2 severity 6 and
3 in 5 upper
4 the 5 upper
6 and 7 lower
6 and 8 cheek
8 cheek 9 was
9 was 12 same
9 was 13 between
9 was 21 whereas
10 almost 12 same
11 the 12 same
13 between 15 and
14 males 15 and
15 and 16 females
15 and 17 at
17 at 19 ages
18 all 19 ages
20 , 21 whereas
21 whereas 22 sagging
21 whereas 29 was
21 whereas 40 .
22 sagging 23 at
22 sagging 27 in
22 sagging 29 was
23 at 26 eyelid
24 the 26 eyelid
25 lower 26 eyelid
27 in 28 males
29 was 32 severe
30 significantly 31 more
31 more 32 severe
32 severe 33 than
33 than 34 that
33 than 35 in
35 in 36 females
36 females 37 after
37 after 39 age
38 middle 39 age

furthermore , as in female faces , male facial sagging was significantly negatively related to dermal elasticity parameters [,] such as [-] [(] u ( f [ )(- u [(] [a] ) [ )(, [u] [(] a )/u [(] [f] [ )(, [u] [(] [r] )/u ( [e] [ )(and [u] [(] [r] )/u [(] [f] ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 sagging
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 )(,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 58 .
1 furthermore 10 sagging
2 , 3 as
3 as 4 in
3 as 7 ,
3 as 10 sagging
4 in 6 faces
5 female 6 faces
8 male 10 sagging
9 facial 10 sagging
10 sagging 11 was
11 was 14 related
12 significantly 14 related
13 negatively 14 related
14 related 15 to
15 to 18 parameters
16 dermal 17 elasticity
17 elasticity 18 parameters
18 parameters 21 as
18 parameters 28 )(-
20 such 21 as
21 as 24 u
25 ( 28 )(-
26 f 28 )(-
28 )(- 29 u
28 )(- 32 )
34 )(, 50 )(and
37 a 38 )/u
38 )/u 42 )(,
42 )(, 46 )/u
42 )(, 50 )(and
47 ( 50 )(and
50 )(and 54 )/u
50 )(and 57 )

conclusion : these results indicate that the morphology and areas of sagging in male faces are similar to those in females in the cheek , but sagging at the lower eyelid is more severe in males after middle age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 indicate
2 : 26 but
2 : 40 .
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 9 and
6 that 16 are
7 the 8 morphology
8 morphology 9 and
9 and 10 areas
9 and 11 of
9 and 16 are
11 of 12 sagging
12 sagging 13 in
13 in 15 faces
14 male 15 faces
16 are 17 similar
17 similar 18 to
17 similar 20 in
18 to 19 those
20 in 21 females
21 females 22 in
22 in 24 cheek
23 the 24 cheek
25 , 26 but
26 but 27 sagging
26 but 32 is
27 sagging 28 at
27 sagging 32 is
28 at 31 eyelid
29 the 31 eyelid
30 lower 31 eyelid
32 is 33 more
32 is 34 severe
34 severe 35 in
35 in 36 males
36 males 37 after
37 after 39 age
38 middle 39 age

furthermore , the dermal elasticity of male facial skin decreased with age similar to that of females , and may therefore be associated with the sagging formation in male faces . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 elasticity
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 5 elasticity
3 the 5 elasticity
4 dermal 5 elasticity
5 elasticity 6 of
5 elasticity 19 and
6 of 9 skin
7 male 8 facial
8 facial 9 skin
10 decreased 11 with
10 decreased 19 and
11 with 12 age
12 age 13 similar
12 age 16 of
13 similar 14 to
14 to 15 that
16 of 17 females
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 may
20 may 22 be
21 therefore 22 be
22 be 23 associated
23 associated 24 with
24 with 27 formation
25 the 27 formation
26 sagging 27 formation
27 formation 28 in
28 in 30 faces
29 male 30 faces

multivariate one [-] sided hypotheses testing problems arise frequently in practice . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 multivariate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 sided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 multivariate 2 one
1 multivariate 4 sided
4 sided 5 hypotheses
5 hypotheses 6 testing
6 testing 7 problems
6 testing 8 arise
7 problems 8 arise
8 arise 9 frequently
8 arise 10 in
10 in 11 practice

various tests have been developed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 tests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 developed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 various 2 tests
2 tests 3 have
3 have 4 been
4 been 5 developed

in practice , there are often missing values in multivariate data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 in 2 practice
1 in 3 ,
1 in 4 there
4 there 5 are
5 are 8 values
6 often 7 missing
7 missing 8 values
8 values 9 in
9 in 11 data
10 multivariate 11 data

in this case , standard testing procedures based on complete data may not be applicable or may perform poorly if the missing data are discarded . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 procedures
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 in 3 case
1 in 4 ,
1 in 7 procedures
2 this 3 case
5 standard 6 testing
6 testing 7 procedures
7 procedures 8 based
7 procedures 16 or
8 based 9 on
9 on 11 data
10 complete 11 data
12 may 13 not
12 may 14 be
12 may 16 or
14 be 15 applicable
16 or 17 may
17 may 18 perform
18 perform 19 poorly
18 perform 20 if
20 if 23 data
20 if 25 discarded
21 the 23 data
22 missing 23 data
23 data 24 are
24 are 25 discarded

in this article , we [propose] several multiple imputation methods for multivariate one - sided testing [problem] with missing data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 in
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 sided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 in 3 article
1 in 15 sided
2 this 3 article
3 article 10 methods
4 , 10 methods
5 we 7 several
7 several 10 methods
8 multiple 10 methods
9 imputation 10 methods
10 methods 11 for
10 methods 14 -
11 for 12 multivariate
12 multivariate 13 one
15 sided 16 testing
16 testing 18 with
18 with 19 missing
19 missing 20 data

some theoretical results are presented . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 .
1 some 3 results
2 theoretical 3 results
3 results 4 are
4 are 5 presented

the proposed methods are evaluated using simulations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 .
1 the 3 methods
2 proposed 3 methods
3 methods 4 are
4 are 5 evaluated
5 evaluated 6 using
6 using 7 simulations

a real data example is presented to illustrate the methods . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 example
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 presented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 .
1 a 2 real
1 a 4 example
2 real 3 data
3 data 4 example
4 example 5 is
5 is 6 presented
6 presented 7 to
7 to 8 illustrate
8 illustrate 10 methods
9 the 10 methods

abel and kruger ( 2007 ) reported that major league baseball players whose names have positive initials ( such as ace or god ) live an average of 13 years longer than do players [with] negative initials ( such as ass or bad ) or players with neutral initials ( such as ghr or tsw ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 reported
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 than
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 57 .
1 abel 2 and
2 and 3 kruger
2 and 6 )
2 and 7 reported
3 kruger 5 2007
4 ( 5 2007
5 2007 6 )
7 reported 8 that
8 that 12 players
8 that 25 live
9 major 10 league
10 league 12 players
11 baseball 12 players
12 players 13 whose
12 players 20 as
12 players 25 live
13 whose 14 names
14 names 15 have
15 have 17 initials
16 positive 17 initials
18 ( 20 as
19 such 20 as
20 as 22 or
20 as 24 )
21 ace 22 or
22 or 23 god
25 live 27 average
25 live 31 longer
26 an 27 average
27 average 28 of
28 of 29 13
30 years 31 longer
32 than 33 do
32 than 36 negative
33 do 34 players
33 do 36 negative
36 negative 37 initials
36 negative 40 as
38 ( 40 as
39 such 40 as
40 as 45 or
40 as 56 )
41 ass 42 or
42 or 43 bad
42 or 44 )
42 or 45 or
45 or 46 players
45 or 47 with
47 with 49 initials
48 neutral 49 initials
49 initials 52 as
50 ( 52 as
51 such 52 as
52 as 54 or
52 as 56 )
53 ghr 54 or
54 or 55 tsw

however , this conclusion is based on a very small sample , selective initials , and a flawed statistical test . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 however 2 ,
1 however 4 conclusion
3 this 4 conclusion
4 conclusion 5 is
5 is 6 based
6 based 7 on
7 on 16 and
8 a 9 very
8 a 11 sample
9 very 10 small
10 small 11 sample
11 sample 12 ,
12 , 14 initials
12 , 16 and
13 selective 14 initials
15 , 16 and
16 and 20 test
17 a 18 flawed
17 a 20 test
18 flawed 20 test
19 statistical 20 test

there is no statistically significant relationship between initials and longevity for major league baseball players when a correct test is applied to independently selected initials . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 6 relationship
2 is 7 between
2 is 16 when
3 no 6 relationship
4 statistically 5 significant
5 significant 6 relationship
7 between 9 and
8 initials 9 and
9 and 10 longevity
10 longevity 11 for
11 for 15 players
12 major 13 league
13 league 15 players
14 baseball 15 players
16 when 19 test
16 when 21 applied
17 a 19 test
18 correct 19 test
19 test 20 is
20 is 21 applied
21 applied 22 to
22 to 25 initials
23 independently 24 selected
24 selected 25 initials

this study included a total of 234 practically healthy men at the age from 40 to 69 years differing in the regimen of daily locomotor activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 this 2 study
2 study 3 included
3 included 5 total
4 a 5 total
5 total 6 of
6 of 10 men
7 234 10 men
8 practically 9 healthy
9 healthy 10 men
10 men 11 at
10 men 19 differing
11 at 13 age
12 the 13 age
13 age 14 from
14 from 18 years
15 40 16 to
16 to 17 69
16 to 18 years
19 differing 20 in
20 in 22 regimen
21 the 22 regimen
22 regimen 23 of
23 of 26 activity
24 daily 25 locomotor
25 locomotor 26 activity

they were divided into 4 groups , each comprised of subjects ranged by age with a ten [-] year interval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 divided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 they 2 were
2 were 3 divided
3 divided 4 into
4 into 6 groups
5 4 6 groups
7 , 8 each
7 , 12 ranged
8 each 9 comprised
8 each 10 of
8 each 12 ranged
10 of 11 subjects
12 ranged 13 by
12 ranged 15 with
13 by 14 age
15 with 20 interval
16 a 20 interval
17 ten 19 year
19 year 20 interval

group 1 included former high - level athletes continuing active physical training , group 2 was comprised of former high - level athletes living a sedentary life style , group 3 consisted of subjects regularly engaged in health - giving physical exercises , and group 4 included subjects who were never engaged in physical exercises . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 group
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 56 .
1 group 2 1
1 group 3 included
3 included 8 athletes
4 former 8 athletes
5 high 6 -
5 high 8 athletes
7 level 8 athletes
8 athletes 9 continuing
9 continuing 12 training
10 active 12 training
11 physical 12 training
13 , 14 group
13 , 17 comprised
13 , 29 ,
14 group 15 2
14 group 16 was
16 was 17 comprised
17 comprised 18 of
18 of 23 athletes
19 former 23 athletes
20 high 21 -
20 high 23 athletes
22 level 23 athletes
23 athletes 24 living
24 living 28 style
25 a 26 sedentary
25 a 28 style
26 sedentary 27 life
27 life 28 style
29 , 30 group
29 , 47 included
30 group 31 3
30 group 32 consisted
32 consisted 33 of
33 of 44 and
34 subjects 36 engaged
34 subjects 37 in
34 subjects 44 and
35 regularly 36 engaged
37 in 38 health
38 health 40 giving
39 - 40 giving
40 giving 42 exercises
40 giving 43 ,
41 physical 42 exercises
43 , 44 and
44 and 45 group
44 and 46 4
44 and 47 included
46 4 47 included
47 included 48 subjects
47 included 53 in
48 subjects 49 who
48 subjects 50 were
49 who 50 were
50 were 52 engaged
51 never 52 engaged
53 in 55 exercises
54 physical 55 exercises

the energy consumption by the members of all four groups was estimated when they were undergoing a stepwise increasing workload on the veloergometer measured with the help of a computerized diagnostic system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consumption
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 estimated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 3 consumption
2 energy 3 consumption
3 consumption 4 by
3 consumption 7 of
3 consumption 11 was
4 by 6 members
5 the 6 members
7 of 10 groups
8 all 9 four
9 four 10 groups
11 was 12 estimated
12 estimated 13 when
12 estimated 21 on
13 when 14 they
13 when 15 were
14 they 15 were
15 were 16 undergoing
16 undergoing 20 workload
17 a 20 workload
18 stepwise 20 workload
19 increasing 20 workload
21 on 23 veloergometer
22 the 23 veloergometer
23 veloergometer 24 measured
24 measured 25 with
25 with 27 help
26 the 27 help
27 help 28 of
28 of 32 system
29 a 30 computerized
29 a 32 system
30 computerized 32 system
31 diagnostic 32 system

the results of the study indicate that the high oxygen consumption at a limiting load in the former high - level athletes is associated with the significant economization of basal metabolism and the reduction of oxygen consumption at rest . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 indicate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 of
2 results 6 indicate
3 of 5 study
4 the 5 study
6 indicate 7 that
7 that 11 consumption
7 that 24 associated
8 the 11 consumption
9 high 11 consumption
10 oxygen 11 consumption
11 consumption 12 at
11 consumption 16 in
11 consumption 23 is
12 at 15 load
13 a 15 load
14 limiting 15 load
16 in 22 athletes
17 the 22 athletes
18 former 22 athletes
19 high 20 -
19 high 22 athletes
21 level 22 athletes
23 is 24 associated
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 38 at
25 with 32 and
26 the 28 economization
27 significant 28 economization
28 economization 29 of
28 economization 32 and
29 of 31 metabolism
30 basal 31 metabolism
32 and 34 reduction
33 the 34 reduction
34 reduction 35 of
35 of 37 consumption
36 oxygen 37 consumption
38 at 39 rest

this mechanism accounts for the possibility to retain adequate physical activity of the organism up to the age of 70 years . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 mechanism
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 accounts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 mechanism
2 mechanism 3 accounts
3 accounts 4 for
3 accounts 7 to
4 for 6 possibility
5 the 6 possibility
7 to 8 retain
8 retain 11 activity
9 adequate 11 activity
10 physical 11 activity
11 activity 12 of
11 activity 15 up
12 of 14 organism
13 the 14 organism
15 up 16 to
16 to 18 age
17 the 18 age
18 age 19 of
19 of 21 years
20 70 21 years

background : telomere length reflects biological age and is inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 length
2 : 8 and
2 : 20 .
3 telomere 4 length
4 length 8 and
5 reflects 7 age
5 reflects 8 and
6 biological 7 age
8 and 9 is
9 is 11 associated
10 inversely 11 associated
11 associated 12 with
12 with 13 risk
13 risk 14 of
14 of 16 disease
15 cardiovascular 16 disease
16 disease 18 cvd
17 ( 18 cvd
18 cvd 19 )

ambient air pollution is associated with cvd , but its effect on telomere length is unknown . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 pollution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 ambient 2 air
2 air 3 pollution
3 pollution 4 is
4 is 5 associated
5 associated 6 with
6 with 7 cvd
8 , 9 but
9 but 11 effect
9 but 15 is
10 its 11 effect
11 effect 12 on
11 effect 15 is
12 on 14 length
13 telomere 14 length
15 is 16 unknown

objective : we investigated whether ambient black carbon ( bc ) , a marker for traffic - related particles , is associated with telomere length in the normative aging study ( nas ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 investigated
2 : 34 .
3 we 4 investigated
4 investigated 5 whether
4 investigated 23 with
5 whether 8 carbon
5 whether 22 associated
6 ambient 8 carbon
7 black 8 carbon
8 carbon 10 bc
8 carbon 14 marker
8 carbon 21 is
9 ( 10 bc
10 bc 11 )
12 , 14 marker
13 a 14 marker
14 marker 15 for
14 marker 17 -
15 for 16 traffic
17 - 18 related
18 related 19 particles
18 related 20 ,
18 related 21 is
21 is 22 associated
23 with 25 length
24 telomere 25 length
25 length 26 in
26 in 32 nas
27 the 32 nas
28 normative 29 aging
29 aging 30 study
30 study 32 nas
31 ( 32 nas
32 nas 33 )

methods : among 165 never - smoking men from the nas , leukocyte telomere length ( ltl ) was measured repeatedly approximately every 3 years from 1999 through 2006 using quantitative real - time polymerase chain reaction ( qrt - pcr ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 7 smoking
2 : 19 was
2 : 43 .
3 among 4 165
3 among 7 smoking
5 never 6 -
5 never 7 smoking
7 smoking 8 men
7 smoking 9 from
7 smoking 19 was
9 from 11 nas
10 the 11 nas
11 nas 15 length
12 , 15 length
13 leukocyte 15 length
14 telomere 15 length
15 length 17 ltl
15 length 18 )
16 ( 17 ltl
17 ltl 18 )
19 was 20 measured
20 measured 21 repeatedly
20 measured 23 every
20 measured 26 from
20 measured 30 using
22 approximately 23 every
23 every 25 years
24 3 25 years
26 from 27 1999
27 1999 28 through
28 through 29 2006
30 using 37 reaction
31 quantitative 35 polymerase
32 real 33 -
32 real 35 polymerase
34 time 35 polymerase
35 polymerase 36 chain
36 chain 37 reaction
37 reaction 39 qrt
37 reaction 41 pcr
38 ( 39 qrt
39 qrt 40 -
40 - 41 pcr
41 pcr 42 )

bc concentration at their residences during the year before each ltl measurement was estimated based on a spatiotemporal model calibrated with bc measurements from 82 locations within the study area . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 bc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 based
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 bc 2 concentration
1 bc 13 was
1 bc 14 estimated
1 bc 15 based
2 concentration 3 at
2 concentration 6 during
2 concentration 13 was
3 at 5 residences
4 their 5 residences
6 during 8 year
7 the 8 year
8 year 9 before
9 before 12 measurement
10 each 12 measurement
11 ltl 12 measurement
15 based 16 on
15 based 21 with
15 based 23 measurements
15 based 24 from
15 based 27 within
16 on 19 model
17 a 18 spatiotemporal
17 a 19 model
18 spatiotemporal 19 model
19 model 20 calibrated
21 with 22 bc
24 from 26 locations
25 82 26 locations
27 within 30 area
28 the 30 area
29 study 30 area

results : the median [ interquartile range ( iqr ) ] annual moving - average bc concentration was 0.32 ( 0.20 - 0.45 [ )(microg/m3 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 17 concentration
2 : 18 was
3 the 17 concentration
4 median 7 range
4 median 12 annual
5 [ 7 range
6 interquartile 7 range
7 range 9 iqr
7 range 11 ]
8 ( 9 iqr
9 iqr 10 )
12 annual 17 concentration
13 moving 14 -
13 moving 15 average
15 average 17 concentration
16 bc 17 concentration
17 concentration 18 was
18 was 19 0.32
18 was 22 -
20 ( 22 -
21 0.20 22 -
22 - 25 )(microg/m3
22 - 26 .
23 0.45 25 )(microg/m3

ltl , expressed as population - standardized ratio [of] telomere [repeat] to single - copy gene copy numbers , had a geometric mean ( geometric sd ) [of] [1.25] ( 1.42 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ltl
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 ltl 3 expressed
1 ltl 19 ,
2 , 3 expressed
3 expressed 4 as
3 expressed 6 -
4 as 5 population
7 standardized 10 telomere
7 standardized 12 to
7 standardized 19 ,
8 ratio 10 telomere
12 to 18 numbers
13 single 14 -
13 single 15 copy
15 copy 16 gene
16 gene 18 numbers
17 copy 18 numbers
19 , 20 had
20 had 23 mean
21 a 23 mean
22 geometric 23 mean
23 mean 26 sd
23 mean 31 1.42
24 ( 26 sd
25 geometric 26 sd
26 sd 27 )
30 ( 31 1.42
31 1.42 32 )

we [used] linear mixed - effects models including random subject [intercepts] and [adjusted] for several potential confounders . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 linear
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 mixed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 we 3 linear
3 linear 4 mixed
5 - 10 subject
5 - 12 and
6 effects 10 subject
7 models 10 subject
8 including 10 subject
9 random 10 subject
12 and 16 potential
12 and 17 confounders
14 for 15 several
14 for 16 potential
16 potential 17 confounders

we used inverse probability of response weighting to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow - up . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 used
1 we 2 used
2 used 4 probability
2 used 8 to
2 used 10 for
2 used 15 to
2 used 17 to
2 used 18 follow
3 inverse 4 probability
4 probability 5 of
5 of 7 weighting
6 response 7 weighting
8 to 9 adjust
10 for 13 bias
11 potential 12 selection
12 selection 13 bias
14 due 15 to
15 to 16 loss
17 to 18 follow
18 follow 20 up
19 - 20 up
20 up 21 .

an iqr increase in annual bc ( 0.25 microg/m3 ) was associated with a 7.6 % decrease [(] 95 % confidence interval , - 12.8 to - 2.1 ) in ltl . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 increase
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 an 3 increase
2 iqr 3 increase
3 increase 4 in
3 increase 9 microg/m3
3 increase 11 was
4 in 6 bc
5 annual 6 bc
7 ( 9 microg/m3
8 0.25 9 microg/m3
9 microg/m3 10 )
11 was 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 30 in
13 with 22 interval
14 a 22 interval
15 7.6 16 %
16 % 17 decrease
17 decrease 22 interval
19 95 20 %
20 % 22 interval
21 confidence 22 interval
22 interval 26 to
23 , 26 to
24 - 26 to
25 12.8 26 to
26 to 28 2.1
26 to 29 )
27 - 28 2.1
30 in 31 ltl

we found evidence of effect modification , with a stronger association among subjects [>] or = 75 years of age compared with younger participants ( p = 0.050 ) and statin medications appearing protective of the effects of bc on ltl ( p = 0.050 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 evidence
2 found 6 modification
2 found 30 and
2 found 40 on
2 found 44 =
3 evidence 4 of
4 of 5 effect
6 modification 8 with
7 , 8 with
8 with 11 association
8 with 29 )
9 a 11 association
10 stronger 11 association
11 association 12 among
11 association 19 of
12 among 15 or
13 subjects 15 or
15 or 18 years
16 = 17 75
17 75 18 years
19 of 20 age
20 age 21 compared
20 age 22 with
22 with 24 participants
23 younger 24 participants
24 participants 27 =
25 ( 27 =
26 p 27 =
27 = 28 0.050
27 = 29 )
30 and 31 statin
30 and 32 medications
32 medications 33 appearing
32 medications 35 of
32 medications 38 of
33 appearing 34 protective
35 of 37 effects
36 the 37 effects
38 of 39 bc
40 on 41 ltl
42 ( 44 =
43 p 44 =
44 = 45 0.050
44 = 46 )

conclusions : telomere attrition , linked to biological aging , may be associated with long - term exposures to airborne particles , particularly those rich in bc , which are primarily related to automobile traffic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
2 : 12 be
3 telomere 4 attrition
4 attrition 6 linked
4 attrition 11 may
5 , 6 linked
6 linked 7 to
6 linked 10 ,
7 to 9 aging
8 biological 9 aging
11 may 12 be
12 be 13 associated
13 associated 14 with
13 associated 33 to
14 with 18 exposures
15 long 16 -
15 long 17 term
17 term 18 exposures
18 exposures 19 to
18 exposures 29 which
18 exposures 30 are
19 to 21 particles
20 airborne 21 particles
21 particles 24 those
22 , 23 particularly
22 , 24 those
24 those 25 rich
24 those 28 ,
25 rich 26 in
26 in 27 bc
29 which 30 are
30 are 32 related
31 primarily 32 related
33 to 35 traffic
34 automobile 35 traffic

background : incidence of epilepsy in elderly patients is higher than in any other group . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 incidence
2 : 9 is
2 : 16 .
3 incidence 4 of
3 incidence 9 is
4 of 5 epilepsy
5 epilepsy 6 in
6 in 8 patients
7 elderly 8 patients
9 is 10 higher
10 higher 11 than
11 than 12 in
12 in 15 group
13 any 14 other
14 other 15 group

the diagnosis of epilepsy in old age is particularly challenging and is often overlooked or missed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 diagnosis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 2 diagnosis
2 diagnosis 3 of
2 diagnosis 11 and
3 of 4 epilepsy
4 epilepsy 5 in
5 in 7 age
6 old 7 age
8 is 10 challenging
8 is 11 and
9 particularly 10 challenging
11 and 15 or
12 is 14 overlooked
12 is 15 or
13 often 14 overlooked
15 or 16 missed

selection of appropriate antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) for this group [of] patient also requires more attention than younger patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 selection
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 requires
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 selection 2 of
1 selection 9 for
1 selection 15 requires
2 of 5 drugs
3 appropriate 5 drugs
4 antiepileptic 5 drugs
5 drugs 7 aeds
6 ( 7 aeds
7 aeds 8 )
9 for 13 patient
10 this 13 patient
11 group 13 patient
14 also 15 requires
15 requires 17 attention
15 requires 18 than
16 more 17 attention
18 than 20 patients
19 younger 20 patients

objective : to summarise the clinical presentation , aetiology , diagnosis , treatment , and neuropsychiatric complications of epilepsy in old age . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 summarise
2 : 23 .
3 to 4 summarise
4 summarise 15 and
4 summarise 20 in
5 the 15 and
6 clinical 7 presentation
7 presentation 8 ,
8 , 9 aetiology
8 , 10 ,
10 , 11 diagnosis
10 , 12 ,
12 , 13 treatment
12 , 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 17 complications
15 and 18 of
16 neuropsychiatric 17 complications
18 of 19 epilepsy
20 in 22 age
21 old 22 age

methods : systematic review of existing literature on epilepsy in the elderly was carried out using original articles , review articles , meta - analysis , case reports , standard neurology text and the cochrane library data . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
2 : 4 review
2 : 14 carried
3 systematic 4 review
4 review 5 of
4 review 13 was
5 of 6 existing
6 existing 7 literature
6 existing 8 on
6 existing 10 in
8 on 9 epilepsy
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly
13 was 14 carried
14 carried 15 out
14 carried 16 using
16 using 33 and
17 original 18 articles
18 articles 19 ,
19 , 21 articles
19 , 22 ,
20 review 21 articles
22 , 28 reports
22 , 29 ,
23 meta 25 analysis
23 meta 26 ,
23 meta 27 case
24 - 25 analysis
25 analysis 26 ,
27 case 28 reports
29 , 32 text
29 , 33 and
30 standard 32 text
31 neurology 32 text
33 and 37 data
34 the 37 data
35 cochrane 37 data
36 library 37 data

results : stroke and neurodegenerative disorders account for most causes of epilepsy in older patients . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 and
2 : 7 account
2 : 16 .
3 stroke 4 and
4 and 6 disorders
4 and 7 account
5 neurodegenerative 6 disorders
7 account 8 for
7 account 13 in
8 for 10 causes
9 most 10 causes
10 causes 11 of
11 of 12 epilepsy
13 in 15 patients
14 older 15 patients

simple partial and complex seizures are common modes of clinical manifestation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 manifestation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 simple 11 manifestation
2 partial 3 and
3 and 4 complex
3 and 5 seizures
3 and 9 of
3 and 11 manifestation
5 seizures 6 are
6 are 8 modes
7 common 8 modes
8 modes 9 of
10 clinical 11 manifestation

post - ictal confusion and memory lapses are particularly prolonged in the elderly . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 prolonged
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 post 2 -
1 post 5 and
3 ictal 4 confusion
4 confusion 5 and
5 and 7 lapses
5 and 8 are
6 memory 7 lapses
8 are 10 prolonged
9 particularly 10 prolonged
10 prolonged 11 in
11 in 13 elderly
12 the 13 elderly

the presence of other co - morbidities , age - related changes in pharmacokinetics and possible risk [of] drug - drug interaction needs to be considered before commencement [of] medication . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 presence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 changes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 2 presence
2 presence 3 of
2 presence 11 related
2 presence 12 changes
3 of 7 morbidities
4 other 7 morbidities
5 co 6 -
5 co 7 morbidities
7 morbidities 9 age
8 , 9 age
9 age 10 -
12 changes 13 in
13 in 15 and
14 pharmacokinetics 15 and
15 and 19 drug
16 possible 19 drug
17 risk 19 drug
20 - 23 needs
21 drug 22 interaction
22 interaction 23 needs
23 needs 24 to
23 needs 26 considered
24 to 25 be
25 be 26 considered
26 considered 27 before
27 before 30 medication
28 commencement 30 medication

older aeds like phenobarbitone and phenytoin should be avoided in the elderly because of their pharmacological profiles . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 avoided
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 older 2 aeds
2 aeds 3 like
2 aeds 5 and
3 like 4 phenobarbitone
5 and 6 phenytoin
5 and 7 should
7 should 8 be
8 be 9 avoided
9 avoided 10 in
9 avoided 13 because
10 in 12 elderly
11 the 12 elderly
13 because 14 of
14 of 17 profiles
15 their 17 profiles
16 pharmacological 17 profiles

although newer aeds have better tolerability , [there] is no evidence that they are advantageous over the older ones in terms of seizure control and should be used [as] add - on pills . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 add
1 although 3 aeds
1 although 7 ,
1 although 30 add
2 newer 3 aeds
3 aeds 7 ,
4 have 5 better
4 have 6 tolerability
4 have 7 ,
7 , 25 and
9 is 11 evidence
9 is 12 that
9 is 25 and
10 no 11 evidence
12 that 13 they
12 that 14 are
13 they 14 are
14 are 15 advantageous
15 advantageous 16 over
15 advantageous 20 in
16 over 19 ones
17 the 19 ones
18 older 19 ones
20 in 21 terms
21 terms 22 of
22 of 24 control
23 seizure 24 control
25 and 26 should
26 should 27 be
27 be 28 used
30 add 32 on
31 - 32 on
32 on 33 pills
32 on 34 .

the older aeds have the advantages of being cheaper and being readily available in developing countries . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aeds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 the 3 aeds
2 older 3 aeds
3 aeds 4 have
4 have 10 and
4 have 14 in
5 the 6 advantages
6 advantages 7 of
6 advantages 10 and
7 of 8 being
8 being 9 cheaper
10 and 11 being
10 and 13 available
12 readily 13 available
14 in 15 developing
15 developing 16 countries

conclusion : the goal of epilepsy management in the elderly goes beyond attainment of seizure control but should include improvement in quality of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 goal
2 : 17 but
2 : 25 .
3 the 4 goal
4 goal 5 of
4 goal 17 but
5 of 7 management
6 epilepsy 7 management
7 management 8 in
8 in 10 elderly
9 the 10 elderly
11 goes 12 beyond
11 goes 17 but
12 beyond 13 attainment
13 attainment 14 of
14 of 16 control
15 seizure 16 control
17 but 18 should
18 should 19 include
19 include 20 improvement
19 include 21 in
21 in 22 quality
22 quality 23 of
23 of 24 life

aeds should be introduced cautiously [based] on patient ['s] frailty and starting with lower dosage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 aeds
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 introduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 aeds 2 should
2 should 3 be
3 be 4 introduced
4 introduced 5 cautiously
4 introduced 7 on
4 introduced 13 with
7 on 11 and
8 patient 10 frailty
10 frailty 11 and
11 and 12 starting
13 with 15 dosage
14 lower 15 dosage

objective : two studies were conducted to obtain an understanding of the types of items seniors keep in their nightstands and to understand how users feel about the possibility of " smart " furniture . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 studies
2 : 21 and
2 : 35 .
3 two 4 studies
4 studies 5 were
5 were 21 and
6 conducted 7 to
6 conducted 20 nightstands
6 conducted 21 and
7 to 8 obtain
8 obtain 10 understanding
9 an 10 understanding
10 understanding 11 of
10 understanding 16 seniors
10 understanding 17 keep
11 of 13 types
12 the 13 types
13 types 14 of
14 of 15 items
16 seniors 17 keep
17 keep 18 in
19 their 20 nightstands
21 and 22 to
21 and 23 understand
21 and 27 about
22 to 23 understand
23 understand 24 how
24 how 25 users
24 how 26 feel
25 users 26 feel
27 about 29 possibility
28 the 29 possibility
29 possibility 30 of
30 of 31 "
30 of 34 furniture
32 smart 33 "
32 smart 34 furniture

background : to enable aging in place and universal design , it is vital to understand the needs of a broad range of aging individuals , especially since there is little research on nightstand usage and design . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 understand
1 background 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 enable
3 to 4 enable
4 enable 5 aging
4 enable 6 in
6 in 8 and
7 place 8 and
8 and 10 design
9 universal 10 design
11 , 12 it
11 , 13 is
12 it 13 is
13 is 14 vital
14 vital 15 to
14 vital 16 understand
15 to 16 understand
16 understand 18 needs
16 understand 28 since
17 the 18 needs
18 needs 19 of
19 of 22 range
20 a 22 range
21 broad 22 range
22 range 23 of
23 of 24 aging
24 aging 25 individuals
26 , 27 especially
26 , 28 since
28 since 29 there
28 since 30 is
28 since 38 .
29 there 30 is
30 is 32 research
31 little 32 research
32 research 33 on
33 on 36 and
34 nightstand 35 usage
35 usage 36 and
36 and 37 design

methods : study 1 allowed for the development of a structured inventory of nightstand use today in assisted living and rehabilitation facilities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 3 study
2 : 6 for
2 : 16 today
2 : 17 in
3 study 4 1
3 study 5 allowed
6 for 8 development
7 the 8 development
8 development 9 of
9 of 12 inventory
10 a 12 inventory
11 structured 12 inventory
12 inventory 13 of
13 of 15 use
14 nightstand 15 use
17 in 20 and
18 assisted 19 living
19 living 20 and
20 and 22 facilities
21 rehabilitation 22 facilities

study 1 led to study 2 , demonstrating the need to conceptualize new ideas for smart nightstands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 led
1 study 2 1
1 study 3 led
3 led 4 to
4 to 5 study
5 study 6 2
5 study 8 demonstrating
7 , 8 demonstrating
8 demonstrating 10 need
8 demonstrating 18 .
9 the 10 need
10 need 11 to
10 need 12 conceptualize
11 to 12 conceptualize
12 conceptualize 14 ideas
13 new 14 ideas
14 ideas 15 for
15 for 17 nightstands
16 smart 17 nightstands

feedback was obtained from intergenerational participants who could discuss their needs and preferences for a smart nightstand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 feedback
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 obtained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 feedback 2 was
2 was 3 obtained
3 obtained 4 from
4 from 6 participants
5 intergenerational 6 participants
6 participants 7 who
6 participants 8 could
7 who 8 could
8 could 9 discuss
9 discuss 12 and
10 their 11 needs
11 needs 12 and
12 and 13 preferences
12 and 14 for
14 for 17 nightstand
15 a 17 nightstand
16 smart 17 nightstand

results : in study 1 , more than 150 items were recorded and categorized into 25 different groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 10 items
2 : 11 were
2 : 19 .
3 in 4 study
3 in 6 ,
3 in 10 items
4 study 5 1
7 more 8 than
8 than 9 150
9 150 10 items
10 items 11 were
11 were 13 and
12 recorded 13 and
13 and 14 categorized
13 and 15 into
15 into 18 groups
16 25 18 groups
17 different 18 groups

the authors found that participants utilized the top portion of their nightstand as opposed to the lower sections ; most items were found on top of the nightstand or in the top drawer . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 found
3 found 4 that
4 that 5 participants
4 that 6 utilized
5 participants 6 utilized
6 utilized 9 portion
6 utilized 15 to
7 the 8 top
7 the 9 portion
9 portion 10 of
10 of 12 nightstand
11 their 12 nightstand
12 nightstand 14 opposed
13 as 14 opposed
15 to 18 sections
16 the 18 sections
17 lower 18 sections
19 ; 21 items
19 ; 23 found
20 most 21 items
21 items 22 were
22 were 23 found
23 found 29 or
24 on 25 top
25 top 26 of
26 of 28 nightstand
26 of 29 or
27 the 28 nightstand
29 or 30 in
30 in 33 drawer
31 the 33 drawer
32 top 33 drawer

in study 2 , the authors found that the vast majority of participants are willing to consider the use of a smart nightstand . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 in 2 study
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 authors
2 study 3 2
5 the 6 authors
6 authors 7 found
7 found 8 that
8 that 13 participants
8 that 14 are
9 the 11 majority
10 vast 11 majority
11 majority 12 of
11 majority 13 participants
12 of 13 participants
13 participants 14 are
14 are 15 willing
15 willing 16 to
15 willing 17 consider
16 to 17 consider
17 consider 19 use
18 the 19 use
19 use 20 of
20 of 23 nightstand
21 a 23 nightstand
22 smart 23 nightstand

participants discussed key functions and design preferences , which included carefully designed storage , the ability to move the nightstand up and down , contemporary design , and interaction through voice activation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 participants 4 functions
2 discussed 3 key
3 key 4 functions
4 functions 5 and
5 and 7 preferences
5 and 8 ,
5 and 9 which
5 and 10 included
5 and 28 and
6 design 7 preferences
9 which 10 included
10 included 13 storage
11 carefully 12 designed
12 designed 13 storage
13 storage 16 ability
14 , 16 ability
15 the 16 ability
16 ability 17 to
16 ability 23 down
16 ability 26 design
16 ability 27 ,
17 to 22 and
18 move 20 nightstand
18 move 21 up
18 move 22 and
19 the 20 nightstand
22 and 23 down
24 , 26 design
25 contemporary 26 design
26 design 27 ,
28 and 29 interaction
28 and 30 through
30 through 32 activation
31 voice 32 activation

conclusion : existing nightstands do not meet the needs of current users . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 nightstands
2 : 7 meet
2 : 13 .
3 existing 4 nightstands
4 nightstands 5 do
5 do 6 not
5 do 7 meet
7 meet 9 needs
8 the 9 needs
9 needs 10 of
10 of 12 users
11 current 12 users

this research provides greater understanding of the existing limitations associated with nightstands . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 research
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 provides
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 this 2 research
2 research 3 provides
3 provides 5 understanding
4 greater 5 understanding
5 understanding 6 of
6 of 9 limitations
7 the 9 limitations
8 existing 9 limitations
9 limitations 10 associated
10 associated 11 with
11 with 12 nightstands

study 2 confirmed that user - centered design and the use of technology can be used to enhance daily living . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 study 2 2
1 study 3 confirmed
3 confirmed 5 user
4 that 5 user
6 - 9 and
6 - 16 used
7 centered 8 design
8 design 9 and
9 and 11 use
9 and 12 of
9 and 14 can
10 the 11 use
12 of 13 technology
14 can 15 be
15 be 16 used
16 used 17 to
16 used 18 enhance
17 to 18 enhance
18 enhance 20 living
19 daily 20 living

smart furniture may play a role in promoting the health and independence of diverse user groups . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 furniture
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 play
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 smart 2 furniture
2 furniture 3 may
3 may 4 play
4 play 6 role
4 play 7 in
5 a 6 role
7 in 8 promoting
8 promoting 11 and
9 the 10 health
10 health 11 and
11 and 12 independence
11 and 13 of
13 of 16 groups
14 diverse 15 user
15 user 16 groups

objective : because studies of crowding in long - term care settings are lacking , the authors sought [to] [:] ( 1 ) generate initial estimates of crowding in nursing homes and assisted living facilities [;] [and] ( 2 ) evaluate two operational approaches to its measurement [.] 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 because
2 : 9 -
3 because 4 studies
4 studies 5 of
4 studies 8 long
5 of 6 crowding
6 crowding 7 in
9 - 12 settings
9 - 13 are
9 - 15 ,
10 term 11 care
11 care 12 settings
12 settings 13 are
13 are 14 lacking
15 , 17 authors
15 , 24 generate
16 the 17 authors
17 authors 18 sought
17 authors 22 1
17 authors 24 generate
21 ( 22 1
22 1 23 )
24 generate 26 estimates
24 generate 29 in
25 initial 26 estimates
26 estimates 27 of
27 of 28 crowding
29 in 32 and
30 nursing 31 homes
31 homes 32 and
32 and 34 living
32 and 35 facilities
32 and 41 evaluate
33 assisted 34 living
35 facilities 39 2
35 facilities 41 evaluate
38 ( 39 2
39 2 40 )
41 evaluate 44 approaches
41 evaluate 45 to
42 two 44 approaches
43 operational 44 approaches
45 to 47 measurement
46 its 47 measurement

background : reactions to density and proximity are complex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 reactions
2 : 8 are
2 : 10 .
3 reactions 4 to
3 reactions 8 are
4 to 6 and
5 density 6 and
6 and 7 proximity
8 are 9 complex

greater density intensifies people 's reaction to a situation in the direction ( positive or negative ) that [they] would react if the situation were to occur under less dense conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 density
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 intensifies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 greater 2 density
2 density 3 intensifies
3 intensifies 6 reaction
4 people 5 's
5 's 6 reaction
6 reaction 7 to
6 reaction 10 in
6 reaction 18 that
6 reaction 20 would
7 to 9 situation
8 a 9 situation
10 in 12 direction
11 the 12 direction
12 direction 15 or
13 ( 15 or
14 positive 15 or
15 or 16 negative
15 or 17 )
18 that 20 would
20 would 21 react
21 react 22 if
21 react 28 under
22 if 24 situation
22 if 25 were
23 the 24 situation
24 situation 25 were
25 were 26 to
26 to 27 occur
28 under 31 conditions
29 less 30 dense
30 dense 31 conditions

people with dementia are especially reactive to the environment . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 people
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 are
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 people 2 with
1 people 4 are
2 with 3 dementia
4 are 5 especially
4 are 6 reactive
6 reactive 7 to
7 to 9 environment
8 the 9 environment

methods : using a cross - sectional correlational design in nursing homes and assisted living facilities involving 185 participants , multiple observations ( n = 6,455 ) of crowding and other environmental variables were made . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 9 design
2 : 13 and
2 : 30 and
2 : 36 .
3 using 5 cross
3 using 6 -
3 using 9 design
4 a 5 cross
7 sectional 9 design
8 correlational 9 design
9 design 10 in
9 design 13 and
10 in 11 nursing
12 homes 13 and
13 and 14 assisted
13 and 16 facilities
15 living 16 facilities
16 facilities 17 involving
16 facilities 28 of
17 involving 19 participants
18 185 19 participants
19 participants 22 observations
20 , 22 observations
21 multiple 22 observations
22 observations 25 =
22 observations 27 )
23 ( 25 =
24 n 25 =
25 = 26 6,455
28 of 29 crowding
30 and 33 variables
30 and 35 made
31 other 33 variables
32 environmental 33 variables
33 variables 34 were
34 were 35 made

crowding , location , and sound were measured three times per observation ; ambiance was measured once . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 were
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 crowding 2 ,
2 , 3 location
2 , 5 and
4 , 5 and
5 and 6 sound
5 and 7 were
7 were 8 measured
8 measured 10 times
9 three 10 times
10 times 11 per
11 per 12 observation
13 ; 14 ambiance
13 ; 15 was
14 ambiance 15 was
15 was 16 measured
16 measured 17 once

data analyses consisted of descriptive statistics , t - tests , and one - way analysis of variance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 analyses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 consisted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 data 2 analyses
2 analyses 3 consisted
3 consisted 4 of
4 of 6 statistics
5 descriptive 6 statistics
6 statistics 9 -
7 , 9 -
8 t 9 -
9 - 12 and
9 - 14 -
10 tests 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 one
14 - 16 analysis
15 way 16 analysis
16 analysis 17 of
17 of 18 variance

results : crowding estimates were higher for nursing homes and in dining and activity rooms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 4 estimates
2 : 5 were
2 : 13 and
2 : 16 .
3 crowding 4 estimates
4 estimates 5 were
5 were 6 higher
6 higher 10 and
7 for 8 nursing
7 for 10 and
8 nursing 9 homes
10 and 11 in
11 in 12 dining
13 and 14 activity
13 and 15 rooms
14 activity 15 rooms

crowding also varied across settings and locations by time of day . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crowding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 varied
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 crowding 3 varied
2 also 3 varied
3 varied 4 across
3 varied 8 by
4 across 6 and
5 settings 6 and
6 and 7 locations
8 by 9 time
9 time 10 of
10 of 11 day

crowding had small , direct , and highly significant correlations with sound and with the engaging subscale for ambiance ; a similar , [though] inverse , correlation was seen with the soothing subscale for ambiance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 crowding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 had
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 crowding 2 had
2 had 10 correlations
3 small 4 ,
3 small 10 correlations
5 direct 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 significant
7 and 10 correlations
8 highly 9 significant
10 correlations 13 and
10 correlations 17 subscale
11 with 12 sound
11 with 13 and
13 and 14 with
14 with 16 engaging
15 the 16 engaging
17 subscale 18 for
18 for 19 ambiance
20 ; 27 correlation
20 ; 29 seen
21 a 22 similar
21 a 27 correlation
22 similar 25 inverse
22 similar 27 correlation
23 , 25 inverse
25 inverse 26 ,
27 correlation 28 was
28 was 29 seen
29 seen 30 with
30 with 32 soothing
31 the 32 soothing
32 soothing 33 subscale
33 subscale 34 for
34 for 35 ambiance

conclusions : crowding fluctuates [consistent] with routine activities such as meals in long - term care settings . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 crowding
2 : 4 fluctuates
2 : 18 .
3 crowding 4 fluctuates
4 fluctuates 6 with
4 fluctuates 12 in
6 with 8 activities
7 routine 8 activities
8 activities 10 as
9 such 10 as
10 as 11 meals
12 in 17 settings
13 long 14 -
13 long 15 term
15 term 17 settings
16 care 17 settings

furthermore , a relationship between crowding and other physical characteristics of the environment was found . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relationship
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 furthermore 2 ,
1 furthermore 4 relationship
3 a 4 relationship
4 relationship 5 between
4 relationship 14 was
5 between 7 and
6 crowding 7 and
7 and 10 characteristics
7 and 11 of
8 other 10 characteristics
9 physical 10 characteristics
11 of 13 environment
12 the 13 environment
14 was 15 found

the ltc - ci is likely to be more sensitive than simple people counts when seeking to evaluate the effects of crowding on the behavior of elders - particularly those with dementia - in long - term care settings [.] aging in place . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 ltc
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 ltc
3 - 4 ci
3 - 8 be
4 ci 5 is
5 is 6 likely
6 likely 7 to
7 to 8 be
8 be 9 more
8 be 10 sensitive
10 sensitive 11 than
10 sensitive 15 when
10 sensitive 23 on
11 than 14 counts
12 simple 13 people
13 people 14 counts
15 when 16 seeking
16 seeking 17 to
16 seeking 18 evaluate
17 to 18 evaluate
18 evaluate 20 effects
19 the 20 effects
20 effects 21 of
21 of 22 crowding
23 on 25 behavior
24 the 25 behavior
25 behavior 26 of
25 behavior 34 in
25 behavior 41 aging
26 of 27 elders
27 elders 30 those
28 - 29 particularly
28 - 30 those
30 those 31 with
30 those 33 -
31 with 32 dementia
34 in 39 settings
35 long 36 -
35 long 39 settings
37 term 38 care
38 care 39 settings
41 aging 42 in
42 in 43 place

objective : to determine differences in the rate of [falls] [,] healthcare - acquired infections ( hais ) , and the degree of social isolation in hospitalized older adults admitted to private [versus] semi - private rooms . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 admitted
1 objective 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 4 determine
3 to 4 determine
4 determine 20 and
4 determine 30 admitted
5 differences 6 in
5 differences 20 and
6 in 8 rate
7 the 8 rate
8 rate 9 of
9 of 15 infections
12 healthcare 13 -
12 healthcare 15 infections
14 acquired 15 infections
15 infections 17 hais
16 ( 17 hais
17 hais 18 )
19 , 20 and
20 and 25 isolation
20 and 26 in
20 and 30 admitted
21 the 22 degree
22 degree 23 of
22 degree 25 isolation
23 of 25 isolation
24 social 25 isolation
26 in 29 adults
27 hospitalized 29 adults
28 older 29 adults
30 admitted 31 to
30 admitted 38 .
31 to 37 rooms
32 private 37 rooms
34 semi 35 -
34 semi 37 rooms
36 private 37 rooms

background : the american institute of architects recommends that private rooms become the industry standard for all new construction of acute care hospitals . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 become
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
2 : 5 institute
2 : 8 recommends
3 the 4 american
4 american 5 institute
5 institute 6 of
5 institute 8 recommends
6 of 7 architects
8 recommends 11 rooms
8 recommends 12 become
9 that 10 private
10 private 11 rooms
12 become 14 industry
13 the 14 industry
14 industry 15 standard
14 industry 20 of
15 standard 16 for
16 for 19 construction
17 all 19 construction
18 new 19 construction
20 of 23 hospitals
21 acute 22 care
22 care 23 hospitals

healthcare design researchers contend that private rooms decrease infection , facilitate healthcare workers ' efficiency , provide space for families , and afford greater access to privacy . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 researchers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 contend
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 healthcare 2 design
2 design 3 researchers
3 researchers 4 contend
4 contend 5 that
5 that 7 rooms
5 that 10 ,
6 private 7 rooms
7 rooms 10 ,
8 decrease 9 infection
8 decrease 10 ,
10 , 16 ,
11 facilitate 15 efficiency
11 facilitate 16 ,
12 healthcare 13 workers
13 workers 14 '
14 ' 15 efficiency
16 , 22 and
17 provide 18 space
17 provide 19 for
17 provide 22 and
19 for 20 families
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 afford
23 afford 25 access
23 afford 26 to
24 greater 25 access
26 to 27 privacy

although links between room type and health outcomes have been described in the literature , the actual relationship between these two variables has not been determined , nor is it clear whether a one - size - fits - all approach [to] hospital design is appropriate for all patient populations , particularly older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 is
1 although 2 links
1 although 5 type
2 links 3 between
3 between 4 room
6 and 8 outcomes
6 and 26 determined
7 health 8 outcomes
8 outcomes 9 have
9 have 10 been
10 been 11 described
11 described 12 in
12 in 14 literature
13 the 14 literature
15 , 26 determined
16 the 18 relationship
17 actual 18 relationship
18 relationship 19 between
18 relationship 23 has
19 between 22 variables
20 these 21 two
21 two 22 variables
23 has 24 not
23 has 25 been
25 been 26 determined
26 determined 27 ,
26 determined 28 nor
27 , 28 nor
28 nor 29 is
29 is 30 it
29 is 31 clear
31 clear 32 whether
32 whether 34 one
32 whether 46 appropriate
33 a 34 one
34 one 36 size
34 one 38 fits
35 - 36 size
36 size 37 -
38 fits 40 all
39 - 40 all
40 all 44 design
40 all 46 appropriate
41 approach 44 design
43 hospital 44 design
44 design 45 is
45 is 46 appropriate
46 appropriate 47 for
47 for 50 populations
48 all 50 populations
49 patient 50 populations
50 populations 54 adults
51 , 52 particularly
51 , 54 adults
53 older 54 adults
54 adults 55 .

methods : this retrospective case comparative design utilized a sample of patients admitted to the university medical center of princeton in 2006 and received full internal review board approval . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 admitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 methods 2 :
2 : 8 utilized
3 this 4 retrospective
4 retrospective 6 comparative
5 case 6 comparative
6 comparative 7 design
7 design 8 utilized
9 a 10 sample
10 sample 11 of
10 sample 13 admitted
11 of 12 patients
13 admitted 14 to
14 to 18 center
15 the 18 center
16 university 17 medical
17 medical 18 center
18 center 19 of
19 of 23 and
20 princeton 21 in
20 princeton 23 and
21 in 22 2006
23 and 29 approval
24 received 27 review
25 full 27 review
26 internal 27 review
27 review 29 approval
28 board 29 approval

patient records were randomly selected through the admission/discharge/transfer system of the hospital and then divided into two groups based on room type . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 records
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 type
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 patient 2 records
2 records 13 and
2 records 16 into
2 records 22 type
3 were 5 selected
3 were 13 and
4 randomly 5 selected
5 selected 6 through
6 through 9 system
7 the 9 system
8 admission/discharge/transfer 9 system
9 system 10 of
10 of 12 hospital
11 the 12 hospital
13 and 15 divided
14 then 15 divided
16 into 18 groups
17 two 18 groups
18 groups 19 based
19 based 20 on
20 on 21 room

data collected included demographics , incidence [of] [falls] , hais , and risk of social isolation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 included
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 data 2 collected
1 data 3 included
3 included 12 and
4 demographics 5 ,
5 , 6 incidence
5 , 9 ,
9 , 10 hais
9 , 12 and
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 risk
12 and 14 of
14 of 16 isolation
15 social 16 isolation

results : all patients were more than 65 years old and had been admitted to the hospital for a variety of diagnoses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 admitted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
2 : 4 patients
2 : 11 and
3 all 4 patients
4 patients 11 and
5 were 10 old
5 were 11 and
6 more 7 than
7 than 8 65
8 65 9 years
9 years 10 old
11 and 12 had
12 had 13 been
13 been 14 admitted
14 admitted 15 to
15 to 17 hospital
16 the 17 hospital
17 hospital 18 for
18 for 20 variety
19 a 20 variety
20 variety 21 of
21 of 22 diagnoses

length [of] [stay] was between 3 and 10 days . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 length
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 length 4 was
4 was 5 between
5 between 9 days
6 3 7 and
7 and 8 10
7 and 9 days

there was no significant difference between the type of room and the likelihood of falling ( p = [.] 37 ) , however the relative risk of falling in a private room was 4.01 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 between
6 between 11 and
7 the 8 type
8 type 9 of
8 type 10 room
9 of 10 room
10 room 11 and
11 and 13 likelihood
11 and 14 of
12 the 13 likelihood
14 of 15 falling
15 falling 18 =
15 falling 23 however
16 ( 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 20 37
18 = 21 )
22 , 23 however
23 however 26 risk
23 however 33 was
23 however 35 .
24 the 26 risk
25 relative 26 risk
26 risk 27 of
26 risk 33 was
27 of 28 falling
28 falling 29 in
29 in 32 room
30 a 32 room
31 private 32 room
33 was 34 4.01

there was no significant difference in the occurrence of hais based on room [type] ( p = 1.0 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 was
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 there 2 was
2 was 5 difference
3 no 5 difference
4 significant 5 difference
5 difference 6 in
5 difference 9 of
6 in 8 occurrence
7 the 8 occurrence
9 of 10 hais
10 hais 11 based
11 based 12 on
12 on 13 room
13 room 17 =
15 ( 17 =
16 p 17 =
17 = 18 1.0
17 = 19 )

the risk [-] [of] [-] social - isolation variable [was] unable to significantly affect [which] hospitalized older adults would suffer a negative outcome , fall , or hai ( p = [.] 52 ) . 
1 the 9 variable
2 risk 9 variable
6 social 7 -
6 social 8 isolation
8 isolation 9 variable
9 variable 11 unable
9 variable 19 would
11 unable 12 to
11 unable 14 affect
12 to 14 affect
13 significantly 14 affect
14 affect 18 adults
16 hospitalized 18 adults
17 older 18 adults
19 would 20 suffer
20 suffer 23 outcome
21 a 23 outcome
22 negative 23 outcome
23 outcome 27 or
24 , 27 or
25 fall 27 or
26 , 27 or
27 or 28 hai
27 or 35 .
28 hai 31 =
29 ( 31 =
30 p 31 =
31 = 33 52
31 = 34 )

conclusion : room [type] may play a role in the occurrence of [falls] in hospitalized older adults , but room [type] alone does not increase the chance of acquiring an infection in the hospital . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusion
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 room
2 : 6 play
2 : 19 but
2 : 35 .
3 room 5 may
5 may 6 play
6 play 8 role
6 play 9 in
7 a 8 role
9 in 11 occurrence
10 the 11 occurrence
11 occurrence 12 of
12 of 14 in
14 in 17 adults
15 hospitalized 17 adults
16 older 17 adults
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 room
19 but 25 increase
20 room 23 does
22 alone 23 does
23 does 24 not
23 does 25 increase
25 increase 27 chance
25 increase 32 in
26 the 27 chance
27 chance 28 of
28 of 29 acquiring
29 acquiring 31 infection
30 an 31 infection
32 in 34 hospital
33 the 34 hospital

nor does the risk of social isolation affect the likelihood of an adverse outcome . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 nor
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 affect
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 nor 2 does
2 does 4 risk
2 does 8 affect
3 the 4 risk
4 risk 5 of
5 of 7 isolation
6 social 7 isolation
8 affect 10 likelihood
9 the 10 likelihood
10 likelihood 11 of
11 of 14 outcome
12 an 13 adverse
12 an 14 outcome
13 adverse 14 outcome

brassica vegetables are attracting a great deal of attention as healthy foods because of the fact that they contain substantial amounts of secondary metabolite glucosinolates that are converted into isothiocyanates , such as sulforaphane [[] [(] - )1 - isothiocyanato - 4r - ( methylsulfinyl ) - butane ] ( r - sfn ) , through the actions of chopping or chewing the vegetables . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 brassica
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 65 .
1 brassica 2 vegetables
1 brassica 4 attracting
1 brassica 28 converted
2 vegetables 3 are
3 are 4 attracting
4 attracting 7 deal
4 attracting 10 as
4 attracting 13 because
5 a 6 great
5 a 7 deal
6 great 7 deal
7 deal 8 of
8 of 9 attention
10 as 12 foods
11 healthy 12 foods
13 because 14 of
14 of 16 fact
15 the 16 fact
16 fact 17 that
16 fact 19 contain
17 that 18 they
17 that 19 contain
18 they 19 contain
19 contain 21 amounts
20 substantial 21 amounts
21 amounts 22 of
21 amounts 26 that
21 amounts 27 are
22 of 25 glucosinolates
23 secondary 24 metabolite
24 metabolite 25 glucosinolates
26 that 27 are
28 converted 29 into
28 converted 33 as
28 converted 56 through
28 converted 64 vegetables
29 into 30 isothiocyanates
31 , 33 as
32 such 33 as
33 as 38 )1
33 as 55 ,
34 sulforaphane 37 -
34 sulforaphane 38 )1
38 )1 40 isothiocyanato
39 - 40 isothiocyanato
40 isothiocyanato 42 4r
40 isothiocyanato 45 methylsulfinyl
40 isothiocyanato 48 butane
40 isothiocyanato 51 r
40 isothiocyanato 53 sfn
40 isothiocyanato 55 ,
41 - 42 4r
42 4r 43 -
44 ( 45 methylsulfinyl
45 methylsulfinyl 46 )
47 - 48 butane
48 butane 49 ]
50 ( 51 r
51 r 52 -
52 - 53 sfn
53 sfn 54 )
56 through 58 actions
57 the 58 actions
58 actions 59 of
59 of 61 or
60 chopping 61 or
61 or 62 chewing
63 the 64 vegetables

several studies have analyzed the biological and molecular mechanisms of the anti - cancer activity of synthetic r,s - sulforaphane , which is thought to be a result of its antioxidant properties and its ability to inhibit histone deacetylase enzymes ( hdac ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 analyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 thought
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 analyzed
4 analyzed 9 mechanisms
4 analyzed 24 thought
5 the 9 mechanisms
6 biological 7 and
7 and 8 molecular
7 and 9 mechanisms
9 mechanisms 10 of
9 mechanisms 24 thought
10 of 15 activity
11 the 15 activity
12 anti 13 -
12 anti 15 activity
14 cancer 15 activity
15 activity 16 of
15 activity 22 which
15 activity 23 is
16 of 18 r,s
17 synthetic 18 r,s
18 r,s 20 sulforaphane
19 - 20 sulforaphane
20 sulforaphane 21 ,
22 which 23 is
24 thought 25 to
24 thought 36 to
24 thought 43 )
25 to 26 be
26 be 28 result
27 a 28 result
28 result 29 of
29 of 33 and
30 its 32 properties
31 antioxidant 32 properties
32 properties 33 and
33 and 35 ability
34 its 35 ability
36 to 37 inhibit
37 inhibit 40 enzymes
38 histone 40 enzymes
39 deacetylase 40 enzymes
40 enzymes 42 hdac
41 ( 42 hdac
42 hdac 43 )

few studies have addressed the possible antioxidant effects of r - sfn , which could protect cells from the free radical damage that strongly contribute to aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 addressed
1 few 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 addressed
4 addressed 8 effects
5 the 8 effects
6 possible 7 antioxidant
7 antioxidant 8 effects
8 effects 9 of
8 effects 12 sfn
8 effects 14 which
9 of 10 r
11 - 12 sfn
12 sfn 13 ,
13 , 14 which
14 which 15 could
14 which 28 .
15 could 16 protect
16 protect 17 cells
17 cells 18 from
17 cells 23 that
17 cells 25 contribute
18 from 22 damage
19 the 22 damage
20 free 22 damage
21 radical 22 damage
23 that 25 contribute
24 strongly 25 contribute
25 contribute 26 to
26 to 27 aging

moreover , little is known about the effect of r - sfn on stem cells whose longevity is implicated in human aging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 little
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 known
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 moreover 2 ,
1 moreover 3 little
3 little 4 is
4 is 5 known
5 known 6 about
6 about 8 effect
7 the 8 effect
8 effect 9 of
9 of 10 r
11 - 12 sfn
12 sfn 13 on
12 sfn 16 whose
13 on 15 cells
14 stem 15 cells
16 whose 17 longevity
17 longevity 18 is
18 is 19 implicated
19 implicated 20 in
20 in 22 aging
21 human 22 aging

we evaluated the effects of r - sfn on the biology on human mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) , which , in addition to their ability to differentiate into mesenchymal tissues , support hematopoiesis , and contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of many organs and tissues . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 we 37 and
2 evaluated 4 effects
2 evaluated 37 and
3 the 4 effects
4 effects 5 of
4 effects 8 sfn
5 of 6 r
7 - 8 sfn
8 sfn 9 on
8 sfn 12 on
8 sfn 36 ,
9 on 11 biology
10 the 11 biology
12 on 16 cells
13 human 16 cells
14 mesenchymal 15 stem
15 stem 16 cells
16 cells 18 mscs
16 cells 21 which
17 ( 18 mscs
18 mscs 19 )
20 , 21 which
21 which 23 in
21 which 34 support
21 which 36 ,
22 , 23 in
23 in 24 addition
23 in 33 ,
24 addition 25 to
24 addition 30 into
25 to 27 ability
26 their 27 ability
27 ability 28 to
27 ability 29 differentiate
28 to 29 differentiate
30 into 32 tissues
31 mesenchymal 32 tissues
34 support 35 hematopoiesis
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 contribute
37 and 39 to
39 to 42 maintenance
40 the 42 maintenance
41 homeostatic 42 maintenance
42 maintenance 43 of
43 of 46 and
44 many 45 organs
45 organs 46 and
46 and 47 tissues

our investigation found evidence that low doses of r - sfn promote mscs [proliferation] and protect them from apoptosis and senescence , while higher doses have a cytotoxic effect , leading to the induction of cell cycle arrest , programmed cell death and senescence . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 investigation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 45 .
1 our 2 investigation
2 investigation 3 found
3 found 4 evidence
3 found 7 doses
5 that 6 low
6 low 7 doses
7 doses 8 of
8 of 9 r
10 - 11 sfn
10 - 15 and
11 sfn 15 and
12 promote 13 mscs
12 promote 15 and
15 and 16 protect
15 and 32 to
16 protect 17 them
16 protect 18 from
18 from 20 and
19 apoptosis 20 and
20 and 21 senescence
21 senescence 31 leading
22 , 23 while
23 while 25 doses
23 while 26 have
23 while 30 ,
23 while 31 leading
24 higher 25 doses
25 doses 26 have
26 have 29 effect
27 a 28 cytotoxic
27 a 29 effect
28 cytotoxic 29 effect
32 to 43 and
33 the 34 induction
34 induction 35 of
34 induction 39 ,
35 of 38 arrest
36 cell 37 cycle
37 cycle 38 arrest
39 , 42 death
39 , 43 and
40 programmed 41 cell
41 cell 42 death
43 and 44 senescence

the beneficial effects of r [-] sfn may be ascribed to its antioxidant properties , which were observed when msc cultures were incubated with low doses of r - sfn . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ascribed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 the 3 effects
2 beneficial 3 effects
3 effects 4 of
3 effects 7 sfn
3 effects 9 be
3 effects 10 ascribed
4 of 5 r
7 sfn 8 may
8 may 9 be
10 ascribed 11 to
10 ascribed 30 sfn
11 to 14 properties
12 its 14 properties
13 antioxidant 14 properties
14 properties 16 which
15 , 16 which
16 which 17 were
16 which 29 -
17 were 18 observed
18 observed 19 when
18 observed 24 with
19 when 21 cultures
19 when 23 incubated
20 msc 21 cultures
21 cultures 22 were
22 were 23 incubated
24 with 26 doses
25 low 26 doses
26 doses 27 of
27 of 28 r

its cytotoxic effects , which were observed after treating mscs with high doses of r - sfn , could be attributed to its hdac inhibitory activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 effects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 attributed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 its 3 effects
2 cytotoxic 3 effects
3 effects 5 which
3 effects 19 could
4 , 5 which
5 which 6 were
5 which 18 ,
6 were 7 observed
7 observed 8 after
7 observed 11 with
8 after 9 treating
9 treating 10 mscs
11 with 13 doses
12 high 13 doses
13 doses 14 of
13 doses 17 sfn
14 of 15 r
16 - 17 sfn
17 sfn 18 ,
19 could 20 be
20 be 21 attributed
21 attributed 22 to
22 to 26 activity
23 its 26 activity
24 hdac 26 activity
25 inhibitory 26 activity

in summary , we found that r - sfn , like many other dietary supplements , exhibits a hormetic behavior ; it is able to induce biologically opposite effects at different doses . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 summary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 in 2 summary
3 , 4 we
3 , 5 found
3 , 8 -
4 we 5 found
5 found 6 that
5 found 7 r
8 - 9 sfn
8 - 17 exhibits
8 - 21 ;
9 sfn 11 like
9 sfn 17 exhibits
10 , 11 like
11 like 15 supplements
11 like 16 ,
12 many 13 other
13 other 15 supplements
14 dietary 15 supplements
17 exhibits 20 behavior
18 a 19 hormetic
18 a 20 behavior
19 hormetic 20 behavior
21 ; 22 it
21 ; 23 is
22 it 23 is
23 is 24 able
24 able 25 to
24 able 26 induce
25 to 26 induce
26 induce 29 effects
26 induce 30 at
27 biologically 28 opposite
28 opposite 29 effects
30 at 32 doses
31 different 32 doses

we analysed the organisation of semantic network using associative mechanisms between different types of information and studied the progression of the use of these associative relations during development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 we 16 and
2 analysed 4 organisation
2 analysed 11 between
2 analysed 16 and
3 the 4 organisation
4 organisation 5 of
5 of 10 mechanisms
6 semantic 7 network
7 network 10 mechanisms
8 using 10 mechanisms
9 associative 10 mechanisms
11 between 15 information
12 different 13 types
13 types 14 of
13 types 15 information
14 of 15 information
16 and 17 studied
17 studied 19 progression
17 studied 27 during
18 the 19 progression
19 progression 20 of
20 of 22 use
21 the 22 use
22 use 23 of
23 of 26 relations
24 these 26 relations
25 associative 26 relations
27 during 28 development

we aimed to verify the linkage of concepts with the use of semantic associative relations . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 aimed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 we 2 aimed
2 aimed 3 to
2 aimed 4 verify
3 to 4 verify
4 verify 6 linkage
4 verify 9 with
5 the 6 linkage
6 linkage 7 of
7 of 8 concepts
9 with 11 use
10 the 11 use
11 use 12 of
12 of 15 relations
13 semantic 15 relations
14 associative 15 relations

the goal of this study was to analyse the cognitive ability to use associative relations between various items when describing old [and/or] new concepts . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 goal
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 use
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 2 goal
2 goal 3 of
2 goal 6 was
3 of 5 study
4 this 5 study
6 was 7 to
6 was 8 analyse
7 to 8 analyse
8 analyse 11 ability
8 analyse 12 to
9 the 11 ability
10 cognitive 11 ability
12 to 13 use
13 use 15 relations
13 use 16 between
13 use 19 when
14 associative 15 relations
16 between 18 items
17 various 18 items
19 when 20 describing
20 describing 24 concepts
21 old 24 concepts
23 new 24 concepts

we examined the performance of 100 subjects between the ages of 4 and 7 years on an experimental task using five associative relations based on verbal encoding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 examined
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 we 2 examined
2 examined 4 performance
2 examined 8 between
3 the 4 performance
4 performance 5 of
5 of 7 subjects
6 100 7 subjects
8 between 10 ages
9 the 10 ages
10 ages 11 of
10 ages 16 on
10 ages 24 based
10 ages 25 on
11 of 15 years
12 4 13 and
13 and 14 7
13 and 15 years
16 on 19 task
17 an 18 experimental
17 an 19 task
18 experimental 19 task
19 task 20 using
20 using 23 relations
21 five 23 relations
22 associative 23 relations
25 on 27 encoding
26 verbal 27 encoding

the results showed that children are able to use the five semantic associative relations at age 4 , but performance with each of the different associative relations improves at different times during development . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 showed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 the 2 results
2 results 3 showed
3 showed 4 that
4 that 5 children
4 that 6 are
5 children 6 are
6 are 7 able
7 able 8 to
7 able 9 use
8 to 9 use
9 use 14 relations
9 use 15 at
10 the 11 five
11 five 14 relations
12 semantic 14 relations
13 associative 14 relations
15 at 16 age
16 age 17 4
18 , 19 but
19 but 20 performance
19 but 28 improves
20 performance 21 with
20 performance 28 improves
21 with 27 relations
22 each 23 of
22 each 27 relations
23 of 27 relations
24 the 27 relations
25 different 27 relations
26 associative 27 relations
28 improves 29 at
29 at 31 times
30 different 31 times
31 times 32 during
32 during 33 development

functional and part/whole relations develop at an early age , whereas the superordinate relations develop later . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 relations
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 develop
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 functional 2 and
2 and 3 part/whole
2 and 4 relations
4 relations 5 develop
5 develop 6 at
6 at 9 age
7 an 8 early
7 an 9 age
8 early 9 age
10 , 14 relations
10 , 15 develop
11 whereas 13 superordinate
11 whereas 14 relations
12 the 13 superordinate
14 relations 15 develop
15 develop 16 later

our study clarified the characteristics of the progression of semantic associations during development as well as the roles that associative relations play in the structure and improvement of the semantic store . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 study
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 clarified
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 our 2 study
2 study 3 clarified
3 clarified 26 and
4 the 5 characteristics
5 characteristics 6 of
5 characteristics 16 as
5 characteristics 26 and
6 of 8 progression
7 the 8 progression
8 progression 9 of
9 of 11 associations
10 semantic 11 associations
11 associations 12 during
12 during 13 development
14 as 15 well
15 well 16 as
16 as 18 roles
17 the 18 roles
18 roles 19 that
18 roles 22 play
19 that 21 relations
19 that 22 play
20 associative 21 relations
21 relations 22 play
22 play 23 in
23 in 25 structure
24 the 25 structure
26 and 27 improvement
27 improvement 28 of
28 of 31 store
29 the 31 store
30 semantic 31 store

the incidence and prevalence of chronic dialysis patients in japan is increasing linearly and is currently as high as 300 and 2300 per [million] population , respectively . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
1 the 2 incidence
3 and 4 prevalence
3 and 14 and
4 prevalence 5 of
4 prevalence 14 and
5 of 8 patients
6 chronic 7 dialysis
7 dialysis 8 patients
8 patients 9 in
9 in 10 japan
11 is 12 increasing
11 is 14 and
12 increasing 13 linearly
14 and 15 is
15 is 16 currently
15 is 18 high
17 as 18 high
18 high 19 as
18 high 27 respectively
19 as 21 and
20 300 21 and
21 and 22 2300
21 and 23 per
23 per 25 population
26 , 27 respectively
27 respectively 28 .

the incidence of end [-] stage renal disease is closely related to that of chronic dialysis ; findings which are captured in detail in the japanese society for dialysis therapy registry . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 incidence
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 related
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 .
1 the 2 incidence
2 incidence 3 of
2 incidence 9 is
3 of 8 disease
4 end 8 disease
6 stage 8 disease
7 renal 8 disease
9 is 10 closely
9 is 11 related
11 related 12 to
12 to 13 that
13 that 14 of
14 of 16 dialysis
15 chronic 16 dialysis
17 ; 18 findings
17 ; 21 captured
18 findings 19 which
18 findings 20 are
18 findings 21 captured
19 which 20 are
21 captured 22 in
21 captured 24 in
21 captured 27 society
22 in 23 detail
24 in 26 japanese
25 the 26 japanese
27 society 28 for
28 for 31 registry
29 dialysis 30 therapy
30 therapy 31 registry

cardiac death is the leading cause of death ; however , death due to stroke and acute myocardial infarction is decreasing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 death
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 cardiac 2 death
2 death 3 is
3 is 6 cause
4 the 6 cause
5 leading 6 cause
6 cause 7 of
7 of 8 death
9 ; 19 infarction
9 ; 20 is
10 however 11 ,
10 however 19 infarction
12 death 13 due
12 death 16 and
13 due 14 to
13 due 15 stroke
14 to 15 stroke
16 and 17 acute
16 and 19 infarction
18 myocardial 19 infarction
19 infarction 20 is
20 is 21 decreasing

the annual mortality rate is 6.5 % among the dialysis population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 rate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 .
1 the 4 rate
2 annual 3 mortality
3 mortality 4 rate
4 rate 5 is
5 is 7 %
6 6.5 7 %
7 % 8 among
8 among 11 population
9 the 11 population
10 dialysis 11 population

for the past 10 years , the mortality risk has remained high despite the avoidance of blood transfusions by the administration of erythropoiesis - stimulating agents , the use of renin - angiotensin system inhibitors , and improvements in general medical care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 mortality
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 remained
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 32 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 43 .
1 for 5 years
1 for 6 ,
1 for 8 mortality
2 the 3 past
2 the 4 10
4 10 5 years
7 the 8 mortality
8 mortality 9 risk
8 mortality 10 has
8 mortality 11 remained
9 risk 10 has
11 remained 12 high
11 remained 13 despite
11 remained 19 by
13 despite 15 avoidance
14 the 15 avoidance
15 avoidance 16 of
16 of 18 transfusions
17 blood 18 transfusions
19 by 21 administration
20 the 21 administration
21 administration 22 of
21 administration 25 stimulating
22 of 23 erythropoiesis
24 - 25 stimulating
25 stimulating 26 agents
25 stimulating 32 -
26 agents 29 use
27 , 29 use
28 the 29 use
29 use 30 of
29 use 32 -
30 of 31 renin
32 - 37 and
33 angiotensin 35 inhibitors
34 system 35 inhibitors
35 inhibitors 37 and
36 , 37 and
37 and 38 improvements
37 and 39 in
39 in 42 care
40 general 42 care
41 medical 42 care

several studies have confirmed the significance of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) on the development of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and mortality ; [the] lower the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) , the higher [the] incidence of cvd . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 studies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ;
1 several 2 studies
2 studies 3 have
3 have 4 confirmed
4 confirmed 6 significance
4 confirmed 14 on
5 the 6 significance
6 significance 7 of
6 significance 12 ckd
7 of 10 disease
8 chronic 9 kidney
9 kidney 10 disease
11 ( 12 ckd
12 ckd 13 )
14 on 23 and
15 the 16 development
16 development 17 of
16 development 23 and
17 of 19 disease
18 cardiovascular 19 disease
19 disease 21 cvd
20 ( 21 cvd
21 cvd 22 )
23 and 24 mortality
23 and 25 ;
25 ; 27 lower
27 lower 32 rate
28 the 32 rate
29 estimated 31 filtration
30 glomerular 31 filtration
31 filtration 32 rate
32 rate 34 egfr
32 rate 40 incidence
33 ( 34 egfr
34 egfr 35 )
36 , 40 incidence
37 the 40 incidence
38 higher 40 incidence
40 incidence 41 of
40 incidence 43 .
41 of 42 cvd

the cut - off levels for egfr are not yet clear . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cut
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 -
1 the 2 cut
3 - 4 off
3 - 8 are
3 - 12 .
4 off 8 are
5 levels 6 for
5 levels 8 are
6 for 7 egfr
8 are 9 not
8 are 10 yet
8 are 11 clear

ckd is an important predictor of cvd in japan , similar to other parts of the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 ckd
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
1 ckd 2 is
2 is 5 predictor
3 an 4 important
3 an 5 predictor
4 important 5 predictor
5 predictor 6 of
6 of 7 cvd
7 cvd 8 in
8 in 9 japan
9 japan 11 similar
10 , 11 similar
11 similar 12 to
11 similar 18 .
12 to 14 parts
13 other 14 parts
14 parts 15 of
15 of 17 world
16 the 17 world

strategies for early detection of ckd are needed because , in many cases , ckd remains asymptomatic until late stages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 strategies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 needed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 strategies 2 for
1 strategies 7 are
2 for 4 detection
3 early 4 detection
4 detection 5 of
5 of 6 ckd
7 are 8 needed
8 needed 9 because
9 because 15 ckd
9 because 16 remains
10 , 11 in
11 in 13 cases
11 in 14 ,
11 in 15 ckd
12 many 13 cases
15 ckd 16 remains
16 remains 17 asymptomatic
17 asymptomatic 18 until
18 until 20 stages
19 late 20 stages

timely treatment for ckd is necessary to minimize costs for unnecessary care and testing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 treatment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 timely 2 treatment
2 treatment 3 for
2 treatment 5 is
3 for 4 ckd
5 is 6 necessary
6 necessary 7 to
6 necessary 8 minimize
7 to 8 minimize
8 minimize 9 costs
8 minimize 10 for
10 for 13 and
11 unnecessary 12 care
12 care 13 and
13 and 14 testing

unless cdk is properly managed , it will not be possible to maintain quality and longevity of life . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 unless 2 cdk
1 unless 5 managed
1 unless 7 it
2 cdk 3 is
3 is 5 managed
4 properly 5 managed
5 managed 6 ,
7 it 8 will
8 will 9 not
8 will 10 be
10 be 11 possible
11 possible 12 to
11 possible 13 maintain
12 to 13 maintain
13 maintain 15 and
14 quality 15 and
15 and 16 longevity
15 and 17 of
17 of 18 life

the japanese population is rapidly aging and will have the largest proportion of elderly people in the world . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 the 3 population
2 japanese 3 population
3 population 7 and
4 is 6 aging
4 is 7 and
5 rapidly 6 aging
7 and 8 will
8 will 9 have
9 have 12 proportion
9 have 16 in
10 the 11 largest
10 the 12 proportion
12 proportion 13 of
13 of 15 people
14 elderly 15 people
16 in 18 world
17 the 18 world

a systematic strategy for managing ckd patients is warranted . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 strategy
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 warranted
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 .
1 a 2 systematic
1 a 3 strategy
2 systematic 3 strategy
3 strategy 4 for
3 strategy 8 is
4 for 5 managing
5 managing 7 patients
6 ckd 7 patients
8 is 9 warranted

objective : to demonstrate that hypolipidemia is a typical feature of the mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) [and] to assess the association between hypolipidemia and disease stage , dietary intake , and sex . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 objective
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 to
2 : 7 is
2 : 38 .
3 to 4 demonstrate
3 to 7 is
4 demonstrate 6 hypolipidemia
5 that 6 hypolipidemia
7 is 10 feature
8 a 10 feature
9 typical 10 feature
10 feature 11 of
10 feature 23 to
10 feature 24 assess
11 of 14 model
12 the 14 model
13 mouse 14 model
14 model 15 of
15 of 18 sclerosis
16 amyotrophic 18 sclerosis
17 lateral 18 sclerosis
18 sclerosis 20 als
19 ( 20 als
20 als 21 )
23 to 24 assess
24 assess 36 and
25 the 26 association
26 association 27 between
26 association 29 and
27 between 28 hypolipidemia
29 and 31 stage
29 and 32 ,
30 disease 31 stage
32 , 34 intake
32 , 36 and
33 dietary 34 intake
35 , 36 and
36 and 37 sex

methods : we compared daily dietary intake , body weight , and serumlipid and glucose levels in als mice and wild - type controls at different stages of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 methods
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 compared
3 we 4 compared
4 compared 16 levels
4 compared 25 at
5 daily 16 levels
6 dietary 7 intake
7 intake 8 ,
8 , 10 weight
8 , 12 and
9 body 10 weight
11 , 12 and
12 and 13 serumlipid
12 and 14 and
14 and 15 glucose
14 and 16 levels
16 levels 17 in
17 in 20 and
18 als 19 mice
19 mice 20 and
20 and 24 controls
21 wild 22 -
21 wild 23 type
23 type 24 controls
25 at 27 stages
26 different 27 stages
27 stages 28 of
28 of 30 disease
29 the 30 disease

findings : total cholesterol low - density lipoprotein ( ldl ) and ldl/high - density lipoprotein ( hdl ) [ratio] were significantly lower in als mice compared with controls . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 findings 2 :
2 : 8 lipoprotein
3 total 8 lipoprotein
4 cholesterol 8 lipoprotein
5 low 6 -
5 low 7 density
7 density 8 lipoprotein
8 lipoprotein 10 ldl
9 ( 10 ldl
10 ldl 11 )
12 and 13 ldl/high
12 and 21 were
13 ldl/high 16 lipoprotein
13 ldl/high 21 were
14 - 16 lipoprotein
15 density 16 lipoprotein
16 lipoprotein 18 hdl
16 lipoprotein 19 )
17 ( 18 hdl
18 hdl 19 )
21 were 22 significantly
21 were 23 lower
23 lower 24 in
24 in 25 als
25 als 26 mice
25 als 27 compared
26 mice 27 compared
27 compared 28 with
28 with 29 controls

subgroup analysis revealed that the incidence of hypolipidemia was significantly greater in male , but not female , als mice compared with control mice and that hypolipidemia was present at the presymptomatic stage of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 subgroup
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 subgroup 2 analysis
1 subgroup 15 but
2 analysis 3 revealed
2 analysis 4 that
2 analysis 12 in
4 that 6 incidence
4 that 9 was
5 the 6 incidence
6 incidence 7 of
6 incidence 9 was
7 of 8 hypolipidemia
9 was 10 significantly
9 was 11 greater
11 greater 12 in
13 male 15 but
14 , 15 but
15 but 16 not
15 but 17 female
16 not 17 female
18 , 25 and
19 als 20 mice
20 mice 21 compared
20 mice 22 with
20 mice 25 and
22 with 24 mice
23 control 24 mice
25 and 26 that
25 and 27 hypolipidemia
25 and 29 present
27 hypolipidemia 28 was
28 was 29 present
29 present 30 at
30 at 33 stage
31 the 33 stage
32 presymptomatic 33 stage
33 stage 34 of
34 of 36 disease
35 the 36 disease

this hypolipidemia can be found without a decrease in the serum levels of other energy sources , such as glucose , in the presymptomatic stage . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hypolipidemia
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 hypolipidemia
2 hypolipidemia 3 can
3 can 4 be
4 be 5 found
5 found 6 without
5 found 9 in
5 found 22 in
6 without 8 decrease
7 a 8 decrease
9 in 12 levels
10 the 12 levels
11 serum 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
13 of 16 sources
14 other 16 sources
15 energy 16 sources
16 sources 19 as
17 , 19 as
18 such 19 as
19 as 20 glucose
19 as 21 ,
22 in 25 stage
23 the 25 stage
24 presymptomatic 25 stage

conclusions : hypolipidemia is present at the presymptomatic stage of the als mouse model in the absence of malnutrition , significant neuromuscular degeneration or regeneration , and respiratory difficulty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 3 hypolipidemia
2 : 4 is
3 hypolipidemia 4 is
4 is 5 present
5 present 6 at
5 present 15 in
6 at 9 stage
7 the 9 stage
8 presymptomatic 9 stage
9 stage 10 of
10 of 14 model
11 the 14 model
12 als 13 mouse
13 mouse 14 model
15 in 27 and
16 the 17 absence
17 absence 18 of
17 absence 20 ,
18 of 19 malnutrition
20 , 23 degeneration
20 , 24 or
21 significant 23 degeneration
22 neuromuscular 23 degeneration
24 or 25 regeneration
24 or 27 and
26 , 27 and
27 and 29 difficulty
28 respiratory 29 difficulty

our findings suggest that hypolipidemia might be associated with the pathomechanism of als [and/or] lipid [-] specific metabolism rather than [simply] an epiphenomenon of neuromuscular degeneration or energy imbalance . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 findings
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggest
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
1 our 2 findings
2 findings 3 suggest
3 suggest 4 that
4 that 5 hypolipidemia
4 that 8 associated
5 hypolipidemia 6 might
6 might 7 be
7 be 8 associated
8 associated 9 with
8 associated 20 than
9 with 11 pathomechanism
10 the 11 pathomechanism
11 pathomechanism 12 of
12 of 18 metabolism
13 als 18 metabolism
15 lipid 18 metabolism
17 specific 18 metabolism
19 rather 20 than
20 than 23 epiphenomenon
22 an 23 epiphenomenon
23 epiphenomenon 24 of
24 of 27 or
25 neuromuscular 26 degeneration
26 degeneration 27 or
27 or 29 imbalance
28 energy 29 imbalance

background : lamin a ( lmna ) is a component of the nuclear lamina and is mutated in several human diseases , including emery - dreifuss [muscular] [dystrophy] ( edmd [;] omim id# 181350 ) and the premature aging syndrome hutchinson - gilford progeria syndrome ( hgps [;] omim id# 176670 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 lamin
3 lamin 4 a
3 lamin 6 lmna
3 lamin 15 and
5 ( 6 lmna
6 lmna 7 )
8 is 10 component
8 is 15 and
9 a 10 component
10 component 11 of
11 of 14 lamina
12 the 14 lamina
13 nuclear 14 lamina
15 and 16 is
15 and 18 in
15 and 21 diseases
16 is 17 mutated
18 in 19 several
20 human 21 diseases
21 diseases 25 -
22 , 25 -
23 including 24 emery
23 including 25 -
25 - 36 and
26 dreifuss 33 id#
26 dreifuss 36 and
29 ( 33 id#
30 edmd 32 omim
32 omim 33 id#
33 id# 34 181350
33 id# 35 )
36 and 41 hutchinson
36 and 45 syndrome
37 the 40 syndrome
38 premature 40 syndrome
39 aging 40 syndrome
40 syndrome 41 hutchinson
42 - 45 syndrome
43 gilford 44 progeria
44 progeria 45 syndrome
45 syndrome 50 id#
45 syndrome 53 .
46 ( 50 id#
47 hgps 49 omim
49 omim 50 id#
50 id# 51 176670
50 id# 52 )

cells from progeria patients exhibit cell cycle defects in both interphase and mitosis . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 cells
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 exhibit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 cells 2 from
1 cells 5 exhibit
2 from 4 patients
3 progeria 4 patients
5 exhibit 8 defects
5 exhibit 9 in
6 cell 8 defects
7 cycle 8 defects
9 in 12 and
10 both 12 and
11 interphase 12 and
12 and 13 mitosis

mouse models with loss of lmna function [have] reduced retinoblastoma protein ( rb1 ) activity , leading to aberrant cell cycle control in interphase , but how mitosis [is] affected [by] lmna is not well understood . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 mouse
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 mouse 26 but
2 models 3 with
2 models 15 activity
2 models 17 leading
2 models 26 but
3 with 4 loss
4 loss 5 of
4 loss 13 rb1
5 of 11 protein
6 lmna 11 protein
7 function 9 reduced
9 reduced 11 protein
10 retinoblastoma 11 protein
12 ( 13 rb1
13 rb1 14 )
16 , 17 leading
17 leading 18 to
17 leading 25 ,
18 to 22 control
19 aberrant 20 cell
20 cell 22 control
21 cycle 22 control
22 control 23 in
23 in 24 interphase
25 , 26 but
26 but 36 understood
27 how 28 mitosis
27 how 30 affected
27 how 33 is
28 mitosis 30 affected
30 affected 32 lmna
33 is 34 not
34 not 35 well
35 well 36 understood

results : we examined the cell cycle and structural [phenotypes] of cells from mice with the lmna allele , disheveled hair and ears ( lmna ( dhe ) ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 we
2 : 4 examined
2 : 19 ,
2 : 30 .
3 we 4 examined
4 examined 8 and
4 examined 18 allele
5 the 7 cycle
6 cell 7 cycle
7 cycle 8 and
8 and 9 structural
8 and 11 of
8 and 18 allele
11 of 12 cells
12 cells 13 from
13 from 14 mice
14 mice 15 with
15 with 17 lmna
16 the 17 lmna
19 , 22 and
20 disheveled 21 hair
21 hair 22 and
22 and 23 ears
22 and 25 lmna
24 ( 25 lmna
25 lmna 27 dhe
25 lmna 29 )
26 ( 27 dhe
27 dhe 28 )

we found that dermal fibroblasts from heterozygous lmna ( dhe ) ( lmna ( dhe/+ ) ) mice exhibit many [phenotypes] of human laminopathy cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 5 fibroblasts
3 that 4 dermal
4 dermal 5 fibroblasts
5 fibroblasts 6 from
5 fibroblasts 18 mice
5 fibroblasts 19 exhibit
6 from 8 lmna
7 heterozygous 8 lmna
8 lmna 10 dhe
8 lmna 13 lmna
9 ( 10 dhe
10 dhe 11 )
12 ( 13 lmna
13 lmna 15 dhe/+
13 lmna 17 )
14 ( 15 dhe/+
15 dhe/+ 16 )
18 mice 19 exhibit
19 exhibit 25 cells
20 many 22 of
20 many 25 cells
22 of 25 cells
23 human 25 cells
24 laminopathy 25 cells

these include severe perturbations to the nuclear shape and lamina , increased dna damage , and slow growth rates due to mitotic delay . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 these
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 these 16 and
2 include 4 perturbations
2 include 5 to
2 include 16 and
3 severe 4 perturbations
5 to 9 and
6 the 8 shape
7 nuclear 8 shape
8 shape 9 and
9 and 14 damage
10 lamina 11 ,
10 lamina 14 damage
12 increased 14 damage
13 dna 14 damage
15 , 16 and
16 and 17 slow
16 and 21 to
17 slow 19 rates
18 growth 19 rates
20 due 21 to
21 to 23 delay
22 mitotic 23 delay

interestingly , lmna ( dhe/+ ) fibroblasts also had reduced levels of hypophosphorylated rb1 and [the] [non] - smc condensin ii - subunit d3 ( ncap - d3 ) , a mitosis specific centromere condensin subunit that depends on rb1 activity . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 fibroblasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 reduced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 subunit
1 interestingly 2 ,
1 interestingly 7 fibroblasts
3 lmna 5 dhe/+
3 lmna 7 fibroblasts
4 ( 5 dhe/+
5 dhe/+ 6 )
7 fibroblasts 9 had
8 also 9 had
9 had 10 reduced
10 reduced 11 levels
11 levels 12 of
12 of 20 condensin
13 hypophosphorylated 20 condensin
14 rb1 15 and
15 and 19 smc
18 - 19 smc
19 smc 20 condensin
20 condensin 21 ii
22 - 23 subunit
23 subunit 26 ncap
24 d3 26 ncap
25 ( 26 ncap
26 ncap 28 d3
26 ncap 36 subunit
27 - 28 d3
28 d3 29 )
30 , 36 subunit
31 a 36 subunit
32 mitosis 36 subunit
33 specific 35 condensin
34 centromere 35 condensin
35 condensin 36 subunit
36 subunit 37 that
36 subunit 38 depends
36 subunit 42 .
37 that 38 depends
38 depends 39 on
39 on 41 activity
40 rb1 41 activity

mitotic check point control by mitotic arrest deficient [-] like 1 ( mad2l1 ) also was perturbed in lmna ( dhe/+ ) cells . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 control
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 perturbed
1 mitotic 4 control
2 check 3 point
3 point 4 control
4 control 5 by
4 control 16 was
5 by 7 arrest
6 mitotic 7 arrest
7 arrest 8 deficient
8 deficient 10 like
10 like 11 1
11 1 13 mad2l1
12 ( 13 mad2l1
13 mad2l1 14 )
15 also 16 was
16 was 17 perturbed
17 perturbed 18 in
18 in 19 lmna
19 lmna 23 cells
20 ( 23 cells
21 dhe/+ 22 )
21 dhe/+ 23 cells
23 cells 24 .

lmna ( dhe/+ ) fibroblasts were consistently aneuploid and had higher levels of micronuclei and anaphase bridges than normal fibroblasts , consistent with chromosome segregation defects . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fibroblasts
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 had
1 lmna 3 dhe/+
1 lmna 5 fibroblasts
2 ( 3 dhe/+
3 dhe/+ 4 )
5 fibroblasts 9 and
6 were 8 aneuploid
6 were 9 and
7 consistently 8 aneuploid
9 and 10 had
10 had 12 levels
10 had 18 than
11 higher 12 levels
12 levels 13 of
13 of 15 and
14 micronuclei 15 and
15 and 17 bridges
16 anaphase 17 bridges
18 than 20 fibroblasts
19 normal 20 fibroblasts
20 fibroblasts 22 consistent
21 , 22 consistent
22 consistent 23 with
22 consistent 27 .
23 with 26 defects
24 chromosome 25 segregation
25 segregation 26 defects

conclusions : these data indicate that rb1 may be a key regulator [of] cellular phenotype in laminopathy - related cells , and suggest that the effects of lmna on rb1 include both interphase and mitotic cell cycle control . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
2 : 4 data
2 : 5 indicate
3 these 4 data
4 data 5 indicate
5 indicate 6 that
6 that 7 rb1
6 that 22 and
7 rb1 8 may
8 may 22 and
9 be 15 phenotype
9 be 16 in
9 be 22 and
10 a 15 phenotype
11 key 15 phenotype
12 regulator 15 phenotype
14 cellular 15 phenotype
16 in 17 laminopathy
17 laminopathy 20 cells
18 - 20 cells
19 related 20 cells
20 cells 21 ,
22 and 23 suggest
23 suggest 24 that
24 that 26 effects
24 that 31 include
25 the 26 effects
26 effects 27 of
26 effects 31 include
27 of 28 lmna
28 lmna 29 on
29 on 30 rb1
31 include 34 and
32 both 34 and
33 interphase 34 and
34 and 38 control
35 mitotic 36 cell
36 cell 37 cycle
37 cycle 38 control

background : variation in the serotonin transporter ( 5 - htt ) [gene] ( slc6a4 ) has been shown to influence a wide range of affective processes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 background
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
2 : 3 variation
2 : 19 shown
2 : 28 .
3 variation 4 in
3 variation 17 has
4 in 7 transporter
5 the 7 transporter
6 serotonin 7 transporter
7 transporter 10 -
7 transporter 15 slc6a4
8 ( 10 -
9 5 10 -
10 - 11 htt
10 - 12 )
14 ( 15 slc6a4
15 slc6a4 16 )
17 has 18 been
18 been 19 shown
19 shown 20 to
20 to 21 influence
21 influence 24 range
22 a 23 wide
22 a 24 range
23 wide 24 range
24 range 25 of
25 of 27 processes
26 affective 27 processes

low 5 - htt gene - expression has also been suggested to increase the risk of chronic pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 gene
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
1 low 2 5
1 low 4 htt
3 - 4 htt
4 htt 5 gene
6 - 7 expression
6 - 11 suggested
6 - 19 .
7 expression 8 has
8 has 10 been
9 also 10 been
10 been 11 suggested
11 suggested 12 to
12 to 13 increase
13 increase 15 risk
14 the 15 risk
15 risk 16 of
16 of 18 pain
17 chronic 18 pain

conditioned pain modulation ( cpm ) -- i.e [.] ['] pain inhibits pain ['] -- is impaired in chronic pain states and , reciprocally , aberrations of cpm may predict the development of chronic pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 modulation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 impaired
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 conditioned 2 pain
2 pain 3 modulation
3 modulation 5 cpm
3 modulation 8 i.e
3 modulation 16 is
4 ( 5 cpm
5 cpm 6 )
7 -- 8 i.e
8 i.e 11 pain
8 i.e 12 inhibits
8 i.e 15 --
11 pain 12 inhibits
12 inhibits 13 pain
16 is 17 impaired
17 impaired 18 in
18 in 21 states
19 chronic 20 pain
20 pain 21 states
22 and 23 ,
22 and 26 aberrations
22 and 30 predict
23 , 24 reciprocally
24 reciprocally 25 ,
24 reciprocally 26 aberrations
26 aberrations 27 of
26 aberrations 29 may
27 of 28 cpm
29 may 30 predict
30 predict 32 development
31 the 32 development
32 development 33 of
33 of 35 pain
34 chronic 35 pain

therefore we hypothesized that a common variation in the slc6a4 is associated with [inter] [-] individual variation in cpm . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 hypothesized
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 .
1 therefore 2 we
2 we 3 hypothesized
3 hypothesized 4 that
4 that 7 variation
4 that 12 associated
5 a 6 common
5 a 7 variation
6 common 7 variation
7 variation 8 in
7 variation 11 is
8 in 10 slc6a4
9 the 10 slc6a4
11 is 12 associated
12 associated 13 with
12 associated 18 in
13 with 17 variation
16 individual 17 variation
18 in 19 cpm

forty - five healthy subjects recruited on the basis of tri - allelic [5] - httlpr genotype , with inferred high or low 5 - htt - expression , were included in a double - blind study . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 subjects
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 -
1 forty 2 -
2 - 3 five
2 - 5 subjects
4 healthy 5 subjects
5 subjects 6 recruited
6 recruited 7 on
7 on 9 basis
8 the 9 basis
9 basis 10 of
9 basis 13 allelic
10 of 11 tri
12 - 13 allelic
13 allelic 15 -
15 - 16 httlpr
15 - 29 ,
15 - 38 .
16 httlpr 29 ,
17 genotype 19 with
17 genotype 28 expression
17 genotype 29 ,
18 , 19 with
19 with 26 htt
19 with 27 -
20 inferred 26 htt
21 high 22 or
22 or 23 low
22 or 26 htt
24 5 26 htt
25 - 26 htt
29 , 30 were
29 , 37 study
30 were 31 included
31 included 32 in
31 included 35 -
31 included 36 blind
32 in 34 double
33 a 34 double

a submaximal - effort tourniquet test was used to provide a standardized degree of conditioning ischemic pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 a 2 submaximal
1 a 6 test
2 submaximal 3 -
2 submaximal 4 effort
4 effort 6 test
5 tourniquet 6 test
6 test 7 was
7 was 8 used
8 used 9 to
8 used 10 provide
9 to 10 provide
10 provide 13 degree
11 a 13 degree
12 standardized 13 degree
13 degree 14 of
14 of 15 conditioning
15 conditioning 17 pain
16 ischemic 17 pain

individualized noxious heat and pressure pain thresholds ( ppts ) were used as subjective test - modalities and the nociceptive flexion reflex ( nfr ) was used to provide an objective neurophysiological window into spinal processing . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 test
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 individualized 3 heat
2 noxious 3 heat
3 heat 4 and
4 and 6 pain
4 and 7 thresholds
4 and 11 were
4 and 12 used
5 pressure 6 pain
7 thresholds 9 ppts
7 thresholds 11 were
8 ( 9 ppts
9 ppts 10 )
12 used 15 test
13 as 14 subjective
14 subjective 15 test
16 - 17 modalities
16 - 18 and
18 and 22 reflex
18 and 27 used
19 the 22 reflex
20 nociceptive 21 flexion
21 flexion 22 reflex
22 reflex 24 nfr
22 reflex 26 was
23 ( 24 nfr
24 nfr 25 )
26 was 27 used
27 used 28 to
27 used 29 provide
28 to 29 provide
29 provide 33 window
30 an 31 objective
30 an 33 window
31 objective 33 window
32 neurophysiological 33 window
33 window 34 into
34 into 36 processing
35 spinal 36 processing

results : the low , as compared to the high , 5 - htt - expressing group exhibited significantly reduced cpm - mediated pain inhibition for ppts ( p = 0.02 ) and heat - pain ( p = 0.02 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 results 2 :
2 : 4 low
2 : 8 to
2 : 13 -
2 : 16 expressing
3 the 4 low
4 low 7 compared
5 , 7 compared
6 as 7 compared
8 to 10 high
9 the 10 high
11 , 13 -
12 5 13 -
13 - 14 htt
13 - 15 -
15 - 16 expressing
16 expressing 21 cpm
16 expressing 41 )
17 group 18 exhibited
18 exhibited 21 cpm
19 significantly 20 reduced
20 reduced 21 cpm
21 cpm 33 and
22 - 33 and
23 mediated 25 inhibition
24 pain 25 inhibition
25 inhibition 26 for
25 inhibition 33 and
26 for 27 ppts
27 ppts 30 =
28 ( 30 =
29 p 30 =
30 = 31 0.02
30 = 32 )
33 and 34 heat
33 and 36 pain
33 and 41 )
35 - 36 pain
36 pain 39 =
36 pain 41 )
37 ( 39 =
38 p 39 =
39 = 40 0.02
39 = 41 )

the cpm - mediated inhibition of the nfr , gauged by increases in nfr - threshold , did not differ significantly between groups ( p = 0.75 ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 cpm
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 differ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 the 2 cpm
2 cpm 5 inhibition
2 cpm 18 did
3 - 5 inhibition
4 mediated 5 inhibition
5 inhibition 6 of
5 inhibition 17 ,
6 of 16 threshold
7 the 16 threshold
8 nfr 10 gauged
8 nfr 16 threshold
9 , 10 gauged
10 gauged 11 by
10 gauged 13 in
10 gauged 15 -
11 by 12 increases
13 in 14 nfr
18 did 19 not
18 did 20 differ
20 differ 21 significantly
20 differ 22 between
22 between 23 groups
23 groups 26 =
24 ( 26 =
25 p 26 =
26 = 27 0.75
26 = 28 )

inhibition of ppts and heat - pain were correlated [(] spearman 's rho = 0.35 , p = 0.02 ) , whereas the nfr [-] threshold increase was not significantly correlated with degree [of] inhibition of these subjectively reported modalities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 correlated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 inhibition 2 of
1 inhibition 4 and
2 of 3 ppts
4 and 5 heat
4 and 6 -
6 - 7 pain
6 - 14 =
7 pain 8 were
8 were 9 correlated
11 spearman 12 's
12 's 13 rho
13 rho 14 =
14 = 15 0.35
14 = 22 whereas
15 0.35 18 =
16 , 18 =
17 p 18 =
18 = 19 0.02
18 = 20 )
21 , 22 whereas
22 whereas 27 increase
23 the 27 increase
24 nfr 27 increase
26 threshold 27 increase
27 increase 28 was
28 was 29 not
28 was 31 correlated
30 significantly 31 correlated
31 correlated 32 with
32 with 35 inhibition
33 degree 35 inhibition
35 inhibition 36 of
36 of 40 modalities
37 these 40 modalities
38 subjectively 39 reported
39 reported 40 modalities

conclusions : our results demonstrate the involvement of the tri - [allelic] 5 - httlpr genotype in explaining clinically relevant [inter] - individual differences in pain perception and regulation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 conclusions
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 genotype
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 .
2 : 4 results
2 : 5 demonstrate
2 : 11 -
3 our 4 results
4 results 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 7 involvement
6 the 7 involvement
7 involvement 8 of
8 of 10 tri
9 the 10 tri
11 - 13 5
11 - 14 -
13 5 14 -
14 - 15 httlpr
15 httlpr 16 genotype
16 genotype 17 in
16 genotype 19 clinically
16 genotype 24 differences
16 genotype 25 in
17 in 18 explaining
20 relevant 22 -
20 relevant 24 differences
23 individual 24 differences
25 in 28 and
26 pain 27 perception
27 perception 28 and
28 and 29 regulation

our results also illustrate [that] shifts in nfr - thresholds do not necessarily correlate to the modulation of experienced pain . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 illustrate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 -
1 our 2 results
2 results 4 illustrate
3 also 4 illustrate
4 illustrate 6 shifts
4 illustrate 7 in
7 in 8 nfr
9 - 10 thresholds
9 - 14 correlate
9 - 21 .
10 thresholds 11 do
11 do 12 not
11 do 14 correlate
13 necessarily 14 correlate
14 correlate 15 to
15 to 17 modulation
16 the 17 modulation
17 modulation 18 of
18 of 20 pain
19 experienced 20 pain

we discuss various possible mechanisms underlying these findings and suggest a role of regulation of 5 - ht receptors along the neuraxis as a function of differential 5 - htt - expression . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 we 9 and
2 discuss 5 mechanisms
2 discuss 9 and
3 various 5 mechanisms
4 possible 5 mechanisms
5 mechanisms 6 underlying
6 underlying 8 findings
7 these 8 findings
9 and 10 suggest
9 and 23 as
9 and 32 expression
10 suggest 12 role
10 suggest 20 along
11 a 12 role
12 role 13 of
12 role 15 of
13 of 14 regulation
15 of 19 receptors
16 5 18 ht
17 - 18 ht
18 ht 19 receptors
20 along 22 neuraxis
21 the 22 neuraxis
23 as 25 function
24 a 25 function
25 function 26 of
26 of 27 differential
27 differential 28 5
27 differential 30 htt
29 - 30 htt
30 htt 31 -

amyloid β - peptide [(] aβ ) is directly linked to alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 β
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 linked
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 .
1 amyloid 2 β
2 β 6 aβ
2 β 8 is
3 - 6 aβ
4 peptide 6 aβ
6 aβ 7 )
8 is 9 directly
8 is 10 linked
10 linked 11 to
11 to 14 disease
12 alzheimer 13 's
13 's 14 disease
14 disease 16 ad
15 ( 16 ad
16 ad 17 )

in its monomeric form , aβ aggregates to produce fibrils and a range of oligomers , the latter being [the] most neurotoxic . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 aβ
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 being
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 in 4 form
1 in 5 ,
1 in 6 aβ
2 its 4 form
3 monomeric 4 form
6 aβ 7 aggregates
7 aggregates 8 to
8 to 9 produce
9 produce 11 and
9 produce 19 being
10 fibrils 11 and
11 and 13 range
11 and 14 of
12 a 13 range
14 of 15 oligomers
16 , 19 being
17 the 18 latter
18 latter 19 being
19 being 22 neurotoxic
21 most 22 neurotoxic

dysregulation of ca ( 2+ ) homeostasis in aging brains and in neurodegenerative disorders plays a crucial role in numerous processes and contributes to cell dysfunction and death . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 homeostasis
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 29 .
1 dysregulation 2 of
1 dysregulation 7 homeostasis
2 of 3 ca
3 ca 5 2+
4 ( 5 2+
5 2+ 6 )
7 homeostasis 11 and
7 homeostasis 22 and
8 in 9 aging
8 in 11 and
9 aging 10 brains
11 and 12 in
12 in 14 disorders
13 neurodegenerative 14 disorders
15 plays 18 role
15 plays 22 and
16 a 17 crucial
16 a 18 role
17 crucial 18 role
18 role 19 in
19 in 21 processes
20 numerous 21 processes
22 and 23 contributes
22 and 24 to
24 to 27 and
25 cell 26 dysfunction
26 dysfunction 27 and
27 and 28 death

here we postulated that calcium may [enable] or accelerate the aggregation of aβ . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 or
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 8 or
3 postulated 4 that
3 postulated 8 or
4 that 5 calcium
4 that 6 may
5 calcium 6 may
8 or 9 accelerate
9 accelerate 11 aggregation
10 the 11 aggregation
11 aggregation 12 of
12 of 13 aβ

we compared the aggregation pattern of aβ ( 1 - 40 ) and that of aβ ( 1 - 40 )e22g , an amyloid peptide carrying the arctic mutation that causes early [onset] of the disease . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 compared
1 we 2 compared
2 compared 13 and
2 compared 19 -
3 the 5 pattern
4 aggregation 5 pattern
5 pattern 6 of
5 pattern 13 and
6 of 7 aβ
7 aβ 10 -
8 ( 10 -
9 1 10 -
10 - 11 40
10 - 12 )
13 and 14 that
13 and 15 of
15 of 16 aβ
17 ( 19 -
18 1 19 -
19 - 21 )e22g
19 - 37 .
20 40 21 )e22g
21 )e22g 25 peptide
22 , 25 peptide
23 an 25 peptide
24 amyloid 25 peptide
25 peptide 26 carrying
25 peptide 34 of
25 peptide 37 .
26 carrying 29 mutation
26 carrying 32 early
27 the 29 mutation
28 arctic 29 mutation
29 mutation 30 that
29 mutation 31 causes
30 that 31 causes
34 of 36 disease
35 the 36 disease

we found that in the presence of ca ( 2+ ) , aβ ( 1 - 40 ) preferentially formed oligomers similar to those formed by aβ ( 1 - 40 )e22g with or without added ca ( 2+ ) , whereas in the absence of added ca ( 2+ ) the aβ ( 1 - 40 ) aggregated to form fibrils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 found
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 63 .
1 we 2 found
2 found 3 that
2 found 4 in
2 found 42 whereas
2 found 60 to
4 in 6 presence
5 the 6 presence
6 presence 7 of
6 presence 17 40
6 presence 20 formed
7 of 8 ca
8 ca 10 2+
8 ca 13 aβ
9 ( 10 2+
10 2+ 11 )
12 , 13 aβ
13 aβ 15 1
13 aβ 16 -
14 ( 15 1
15 1 16 -
16 - 17 40
17 40 18 )
19 preferentially 20 formed
20 formed 21 oligomers
20 formed 41 ,
21 oligomers 22 similar
22 similar 34 or
23 to 24 those
23 to 34 or
24 those 25 formed
24 those 26 by
24 those 31 40
24 those 33 with
26 by 27 aβ
27 aβ 29 1
28 ( 29 1
29 1 30 -
31 40 32 )e22g
32 )e22g 33 with
34 or 35 without
35 without 37 ca
36 added 37 ca
37 ca 39 2+
38 ( 39 2+
39 2+ 40 )
42 whereas 53 aβ
42 whereas 59 aggregated
43 in 45 absence
43 in 53 aβ
44 the 45 absence
45 absence 46 of
45 absence 50 2+
46 of 48 ca
47 added 48 ca
49 ( 50 2+
50 2+ 51 )
52 the 53 aβ
53 aβ 55 1
53 aβ 57 40
53 aβ 59 aggregated
54 ( 55 1
55 1 56 -
56 - 57 40
57 40 58 )
60 to 62 fibrils
61 form 62 fibrils

morphological similarities of the oligomers were confirmed by contact mode atomic force microscopy imaging . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 similarities
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 confirmed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 morphological 2 similarities
2 similarities 3 of
2 similarities 6 were
3 of 5 oligomers
4 the 5 oligomers
6 were 7 confirmed
7 confirmed 8 by
8 by 14 imaging
9 contact 14 imaging
10 mode 14 imaging
11 atomic 12 force
12 force 14 imaging
13 microscopy 14 imaging

the distribution of oligomeric and fibrillar species in different samples was detected by gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis , the results of which were further supported by thioflavin t fluorescence experiments . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 distribution
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 blot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 20 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 33 .
1 the 2 distribution
2 distribution 3 of
2 distribution 11 was
3 of 7 species
4 oligomeric 5 and
5 and 6 fibrillar
5 and 7 species
7 species 8 in
8 in 10 samples
9 different 10 samples
11 was 12 detected
12 detected 13 by
13 by 14 gel
14 gel 16 and
14 gel 18 blot
15 electrophoresis 16 and
16 and 17 western
16 and 18 blot
18 blot 19 analysis
20 , 22 results
20 , 27 supported
21 the 22 results
22 results 23 of
22 results 25 were
23 of 24 which
25 were 27 supported
26 further 27 supported
27 supported 28 by
28 by 32 experiments
29 thioflavin 30 t
29 thioflavin 31 fluorescence
31 fluorescence 32 experiments

in the samples without ca ( 2+ ) , [fourier] transform infrared spectroscopy revealed conversion of oligomers from an anti - parallel β - sheet to the parallel β - sheet conformation characteristic of fibrils . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 transform
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 36 .
1 in 3 samples
1 in 9 ,
1 in 11 transform
2 the 3 samples
3 samples 4 without
4 without 5 ca
5 ca 7 2+
6 ( 7 2+
7 2+ 8 )
11 transform 15 conversion
12 infrared 13 spectroscopy
13 spectroscopy 14 revealed
14 revealed 15 conversion
15 conversion 16 of
16 of 17 oligomers
17 oligomers 18 from
18 from 33 characteristic
19 an 20 anti
19 an 33 characteristic
20 anti 21 -
20 anti 31 sheet
22 parallel 31 sheet
23 β 25 sheet
23 β 31 sheet
24 - 25 sheet
25 sheet 26 to
25 sheet 30 -
26 to 29 β
27 the 29 β
28 parallel 29 β
31 sheet 32 conformation
32 conformation 33 characteristic
33 characteristic 34 of
34 of 35 fibrils

overall , these results led us to conclude that calcium ions stimulate the formation of oligomers of aβ ( 1 - 40 ) , that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ad . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 results
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 led
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 34 .
1 overall 2 ,
1 overall 4 results
3 these 4 results
4 results 5 led
5 led 6 us
5 led 7 to
7 to 8 conclude
8 conclude 9 that
9 that 11 ions
9 that 12 stimulate
10 calcium 11 ions
11 ions 12 stimulate
12 stimulate 14 formation
13 the 14 formation
14 formation 15 of
15 of 16 oligomers
16 oligomers 17 of
16 oligomers 25 that
16 oligomers 26 have
17 of 18 aβ
18 aβ 20 1
19 ( 20 1
20 1 22 40
20 1 24 ,
21 - 22 40
22 40 23 )
25 that 26 have
26 have 27 been
27 been 28 implicated
28 implicated 29 in
29 in 31 pathogenesis
30 the 31 pathogenesis
31 pathogenesis 32 of
32 of 33 ad

erythrocyte hyperaggregation , a cardiovascular risk factor , is considered to be caused by an increase in plasma adhesion proteins , particularly fibrinogen . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hyperaggregation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 considered
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 fibrinogen
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 erythrocyte 2 hyperaggregation
2 hyperaggregation 7 factor
2 hyperaggregation 9 is
3 , 7 factor
4 a 5 cardiovascular
4 a 7 factor
5 cardiovascular 7 factor
6 risk 7 factor
7 factor 8 ,
9 is 10 considered
10 considered 11 to
10 considered 13 caused
11 to 12 be
12 be 13 caused
13 caused 14 by
13 caused 17 in
14 by 16 increase
15 an 16 increase
17 in 20 proteins
18 plasma 19 adhesion
19 adhesion 20 proteins
21 , 23 fibrinogen
22 particularly 23 fibrinogen

we have recently reported a specific binding between fibrinogen and an erythrocyte integrin receptor with a β ( 3 ) or β ( 3 ) - like subunit . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reported
1 we 2 have
2 have 4 reported
3 recently 4 reported
4 reported 21 or
5 a 14 receptor
6 specific 7 binding
6 specific 10 and
7 binding 8 between
8 between 9 fibrinogen
10 and 12 erythrocyte
10 and 14 receptor
11 an 12 erythrocyte
13 integrin 14 receptor
14 receptor 15 with
14 receptor 21 or
15 with 17 β
16 a 17 β
17 β 19 3
18 ( 19 3
19 3 20 )
21 or 22 β
21 or 24 3
21 or 27 like
23 ( 24 3
24 3 25 )
26 - 27 like
27 like 28 subunit
27 like 29 .

in this study we evaluate the influence of erythrocyte aging on the fibrinogen binding . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 evaluate
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 .
1 in 3 study
1 in 4 we
2 this 3 study
4 we 5 evaluate
5 evaluate 7 influence
6 the 7 influence
7 influence 8 of
7 influence 10 aging
8 of 9 erythrocyte
10 aging 11 on
11 on 13 fibrinogen
12 the 13 fibrinogen
13 fibrinogen 14 binding

by atomic force microscopy - based force spectroscopy measurements we found that increasing erythrocyte age , there is a decrease of the binding to fibrinogen by decreasing the frequency of its occurrence but not its force . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 18 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 .
1 by 4 microscopy
1 by 17 there
2 atomic 3 force
3 force 4 microscopy
4 microscopy 9 measurements
5 - 9 measurements
6 based 9 measurements
7 force 9 measurements
8 spectroscopy 9 measurements
9 measurements 10 we
9 measurements 11 found
9 measurements 16 ,
10 we 11 found
11 found 15 age
12 that 15 age
13 increasing 15 age
14 erythrocyte 15 age
17 there 18 is
18 is 20 decrease
19 a 20 decrease
20 decrease 21 of
20 decrease 24 to
20 decrease 25 fibrinogen
21 of 23 binding
22 the 23 binding
24 to 25 fibrinogen
25 fibrinogen 26 by
26 by 27 decreasing
27 decreasing 33 but
28 the 29 frequency
29 frequency 30 of
29 frequency 33 but
30 of 32 occurrence
31 its 32 occurrence
33 but 34 not
33 but 36 force
35 its 36 force

this observation is reinforced by zeta - potential and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 observation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 reinforced
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 -
1 this 2 observation
2 observation 3 is
3 is 4 reinforced
4 reinforced 5 by
5 by 6 zeta
7 - 9 and
7 - 13 .
8 potential 9 and
9 and 12 measurements
10 fluorescence 12 measurements
11 spectroscopy 12 measurements

we conclude that upon erythrocyte aging the number of fibrinogen molecules bound to each cell decreases significantly , due to the progressive impairment of the specific fibrinogen - erythrocyte receptor interaction . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 conclude
1 we 2 conclude
2 conclude 3 that
2 conclude 16 decreases
3 that 4 upon
3 that 16 decreases
4 upon 5 erythrocyte
5 erythrocyte 6 aging
5 erythrocyte 12 bound
6 aging 11 molecules
7 the 8 number
8 number 9 of
8 number 11 molecules
9 of 11 molecules
10 fibrinogen 11 molecules
12 bound 13 to
13 to 15 cell
14 each 15 cell
16 decreases 17 significantly
16 decreases 20 to
18 , 20 to
19 due 20 to
20 to 23 impairment
20 to 32 .
21 the 23 impairment
22 progressive 23 impairment
23 impairment 24 of
23 impairment 31 interaction
24 of 27 fibrinogen
25 the 27 fibrinogen
26 specific 27 fibrinogen
28 - 31 interaction
29 erythrocyte 30 receptor
30 receptor 31 interaction
31 interaction 32 .

knowing that younger erythrocytes bind more to fibrinogen , we could presume that this population is the main contributor to the cardiovascular diseases associated with increased fibrinogen content in blood , which could disturb the blood flow . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 knowing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 associated
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 knowing 2 that
1 knowing 24 associated
2 that 4 erythrocytes
2 that 9 ,
3 younger 4 erythrocytes
4 erythrocytes 9 ,
5 bind 6 more
5 bind 7 to
5 bind 9 ,
7 to 8 fibrinogen
9 , 12 presume
9 , 20 to
10 we 11 could
11 could 12 presume
12 presume 13 that
13 that 15 population
13 that 16 is
14 this 15 population
15 population 16 is
16 is 19 contributor
17 the 18 main
17 the 19 contributor
20 to 23 diseases
21 the 23 diseases
22 cardiovascular 23 diseases
24 associated 25 with
24 associated 28 content
24 associated 29 in
25 with 27 fibrinogen
26 increased 27 fibrinogen
29 in 30 blood
31 , 32 which
31 , 34 disturb
32 which 33 could
33 could 34 disturb
34 disturb 37 flow
35 the 37 flow
36 blood 37 flow

our data also show that the sialic acids exposed on the erythrocyte membrane contribute for the interaction with fibrinogen , possibly by facilitating its binding to the erythrocyte membrane receptor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 data
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 show
1 our 2 data
2 data 4 show
3 also 4 show
4 show 5 that
5 that 8 acids
5 that 14 contribute
6 the 8 acids
7 sialic 8 acids
8 acids 9 exposed
8 acids 14 contribute
9 exposed 10 on
10 on 13 membrane
11 the 13 membrane
12 erythrocyte 13 membrane
14 contribute 15 for
14 contribute 18 with
15 for 17 interaction
16 the 17 interaction
18 with 19 fibrinogen
19 fibrinogen 22 by
20 , 21 possibly
20 , 22 by
22 by 23 facilitating
22 by 31 .
23 facilitating 25 binding
23 facilitating 26 to
24 its 25 binding
26 to 30 receptor
27 the 30 receptor
28 erythrocyte 29 membrane
29 membrane 30 receptor

the primary purpose of this article is to outline the role , opportunities , and benefits of the certified foot and nail care nurse ( cfcn ) . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 purpose
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 3 purpose
2 primary 3 purpose
3 purpose 4 of
3 purpose 7 is
4 of 6 article
5 this 6 article
7 is 8 to
7 is 9 outline
8 to 9 outline
9 outline 11 role
10 the 11 role
11 role 21 and
12 , 21 and
13 opportunities 15 and
14 , 15 and
15 and 16 benefits
15 and 17 of
15 and 21 and
17 of 20 foot
18 the 20 foot
19 certified 20 foot
21 and 24 nurse
21 and 26 cfcn
21 and 27 )
22 nail 23 care
23 care 24 nurse
25 ( 26 cfcn
26 cfcn 27 )

current demographic trends toward an aging population and associated health issues such as diabetes mellitus , arthritis , peripheral arterial disease , dementia , and loss of visual acuity hinder self [-] care of the feet and nails . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 37 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 39 .
1 current 3 trends
2 demographic 3 trends
3 trends 4 toward
3 trends 37 and
4 toward 8 and
5 an 7 population
6 aging 7 population
7 population 8 and
8 and 11 issues
8 and 13 as
9 associated 10 health
10 health 11 issues
12 such 13 as
13 as 14 diabetes
14 diabetes 25 and
14 diabetes 30 hinder
15 mellitus 16 ,
16 , 17 arthritis
16 , 18 ,
18 , 21 disease
18 , 22 ,
19 peripheral 21 disease
20 arterial 21 disease
22 , 23 dementia
22 , 25 and
24 , 25 and
25 and 26 loss
25 and 27 of
25 and 30 hinder
27 of 29 acuity
28 visual 29 acuity
30 hinder 33 care
31 self 33 care
33 care 34 of
34 of 36 feet
35 the 36 feet
37 and 38 nails

the resulting foot and nail care needs create opportunities for cfcn to promote health and prevent adverse outcomes such as infection and limb loss . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 foot
2 resulting 3 foot
3 foot 4 and
4 and 7 needs
4 and 15 and
5 nail 6 care
6 care 7 needs
8 create 9 opportunities
8 create 15 and
9 opportunities 10 for
9 opportunities 12 to
9 opportunities 13 promote
10 for 11 cfcn
12 to 13 promote
13 promote 14 health
15 and 16 prevent
16 prevent 18 outcomes
16 prevent 20 as
17 adverse 18 outcomes
19 such 20 as
20 as 22 and
21 infection 22 and
22 and 24 loss
23 limb 24 loss

routine foot and nail assessment , clinically appropriate care , and individualized patient education are essential for achieving positive outcomes . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 foot
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 routine 2 foot
3 and 11 and
3 and 15 are
4 nail 5 assessment
5 assessment 6 ,
6 , 9 care
6 , 11 and
7 clinically 8 appropriate
8 appropriate 9 care
10 , 11 and
11 and 14 education
11 and 15 are
12 individualized 14 education
13 patient 14 education
15 are 16 essential
16 essential 17 for
17 for 18 achieving
18 achieving 20 outcomes
19 positive 20 outcomes

until recently , individuals had limited options for obtaining needed care and have relied on nonclinicians or podiatry appointments that may not be covered by insurance and , thus , may not be affordable . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 individuals
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 until 2 recently
1 until 3 ,
1 until 4 individuals
4 individuals 5 had
5 had 12 and
6 limited 7 options
6 limited 12 and
7 options 8 for
8 for 9 obtaining
9 obtaining 11 care
10 needed 11 care
12 and 13 have
12 and 15 on
13 have 14 relied
15 on 17 or
16 nonclinicians 17 or
17 or 19 appointments
17 or 20 that
17 or 21 may
18 podiatry 19 appointments
20 that 21 may
21 may 22 not
21 may 27 and
23 be 24 covered
23 be 27 and
24 covered 25 by
25 by 26 insurance
27 and 31 may
28 , 29 thus
29 thus 30 ,
29 thus 31 may
31 may 32 not
31 may 33 be
33 be 34 affordable

through the cfcn certification process , nurses gain knowledge and skills to provide the care that can improve foot health for an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 nurses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 gain
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 through 5 process
1 through 6 ,
1 through 7 nurses
2 the 5 process
3 cfcn 5 process
4 certification 5 process
7 nurses 8 gain
8 gain 10 and
8 gain 12 to
8 gain 21 for
9 knowledge 10 and
10 and 11 skills
12 to 13 provide
13 provide 15 care
14 the 15 care
15 care 16 that
15 care 17 can
16 that 17 can
17 can 18 improve
18 improve 20 health
19 foot 20 health
21 for 24 population
22 an 24 population
23 aging 24 population

in response to " evidence - based policy prescription for an aging population , " by chappell and hollander , this paper proposes that efforts be made to execute strategies to build the political momentum and public support necessary for concrete action toward achieving the recommended policies . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 48 .
1 in 2 response
2 response 3 to
3 to 4 "
3 to 5 evidence
3 to 20 ,
3 to 22 paper
5 evidence 9 prescription
6 - 9 prescription
7 based 9 prescription
8 policy 9 prescription
9 prescription 10 for
9 prescription 16 by
9 prescription 20 ,
10 for 13 population
11 an 13 population
12 aging 13 population
14 , 15 "
14 , 16 by
16 by 18 and
16 by 20 ,
17 chappell 18 and
18 and 19 hollander
21 this 22 paper
22 paper 23 proposes
23 proposes 24 that
24 that 25 efforts
24 that 26 be
26 be 27 made
27 made 28 to
27 made 31 to
27 made 39 necessary
28 to 29 execute
29 execute 30 strategies
31 to 32 build
32 build 36 and
33 the 35 momentum
34 political 35 momentum
35 momentum 36 and
36 and 38 support
37 public 38 support
39 necessary 40 for
39 necessary 43 toward
40 for 42 action
41 concrete 42 action
43 toward 44 achieving
44 achieving 47 policies
45 the 47 policies
46 recommended 47 policies

it also suggests the implementation of knowledge translation strategies to assist in disseminating and integrating existing successful programs across the wider health system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 suggests
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 it 3 suggests
2 also 3 suggests
3 suggests 5 implementation
3 suggests 10 to
3 suggests 12 in
3 suggests 19 across
4 the 5 implementation
5 implementation 6 of
6 of 9 strategies
7 knowledge 9 strategies
8 translation 9 strategies
10 to 11 assist
12 in 14 and
13 disseminating 14 and
14 and 18 programs
15 integrating 16 existing
16 existing 18 programs
17 successful 18 programs
19 across 23 system
20 the 23 system
21 wider 23 system
22 health 23 system

finally , this paper proposes a concerted and robust mobilization of forces in order to move from evidence - based agenda setting into active policy implementation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 proposes
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 paper
3 this 4 paper
4 paper 5 proposes
5 proposes 21 agenda
5 proposes 23 into
6 a 21 agenda
7 concerted 8 and
8 and 10 mobilization
8 and 19 -
8 and 20 based
8 and 21 agenda
9 robust 10 mobilization
10 mobilization 11 of
11 of 12 forces
12 forces 13 in
12 forces 17 from
13 in 14 order
14 order 15 to
14 order 16 move
15 to 16 move
17 from 18 evidence
21 agenda 22 setting
23 into 26 implementation
24 active 25 policy
25 policy 26 implementation

a key element of this transition involves placing greater emphasis on interest group activation and public policy deliberation . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 element
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 involves
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 .
1 a 3 element
2 key 3 element
3 element 4 of
3 element 7 involves
4 of 6 transition
5 this 6 transition
7 involves 8 placing
8 placing 10 emphasis
8 placing 11 on
9 greater 10 emphasis
11 on 15 and
12 interest 14 activation
13 group 14 activation
14 activation 15 and
15 and 18 deliberation
16 public 17 policy
17 policy 18 deliberation

such a focus would enable consensus between policy makers , decision [-] makers , interest groups and the public , garnering the political traction necessary to allow for the implementation of healthy public policy that best serves the needs of an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 focus
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 enable
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
1 such 2 a
2 a 3 focus
3 focus 4 would
4 would 5 enable
5 enable 6 consensus
5 enable 7 between
7 between 9 makers
8 policy 9 makers
10 , 17 and
11 decision 13 makers
13 makers 14 ,
14 , 16 groups
14 , 17 and
15 interest 16 groups
17 and 19 public
17 and 21 garnering
18 the 19 public
20 , 21 garnering
21 garnering 24 traction
21 garnering 28 for
21 garnering 44 .
22 the 24 traction
23 political 24 traction
24 traction 25 necessary
25 necessary 26 to
25 necessary 27 allow
26 to 27 allow
28 for 30 implementation
29 the 30 implementation
30 implementation 31 of
30 implementation 35 that
30 implementation 37 serves
31 of 34 policy
32 healthy 33 public
33 public 34 policy
35 that 37 serves
36 best 37 serves
37 serves 39 needs
38 the 39 needs
39 needs 40 of
40 of 43 population
41 an 43 population
42 aging 43 population

a necessary component of the prescribed continuing care act should be the creation of a long - term care insurance program in canada . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 component
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 24 .
1 a 2 necessary
1 a 3 component
2 necessary 3 component
3 component 4 of
3 component 10 should
4 of 9 act
5 the 9 act
6 prescribed 8 care
7 continuing 8 care
8 care 9 act
10 should 11 be
11 be 13 creation
12 the 13 creation
13 creation 14 of
14 of 21 program
15 a 16 long
15 a 21 program
16 long 17 -
16 long 18 term
18 term 20 insurance
19 care 20 insurance
20 insurance 21 program
21 program 22 in
22 in 23 canada

this social innovation has been implemented in many countries in recent decades to address the aging of the population and associated pandemic of chronic diseases . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 innovation
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 implemented
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 3 innovation
2 social 3 innovation
3 innovation 4 has
4 has 5 been
5 been 6 implemented
6 implemented 7 in
6 implemented 10 in
6 implemented 13 to
7 in 9 countries
8 many 9 countries
10 in 12 decades
11 recent 12 decades
13 to 14 address
14 address 16 aging
15 the 16 aging
16 aging 17 of
16 aging 23 of
17 of 20 and
18 the 19 population
19 population 20 and
20 and 22 pandemic
21 associated 22 pandemic
23 of 25 diseases
24 chronic 25 diseases

a specific autonomy insurance fund would have to be created and funded through transfers of current funding for long - term care , tax credits for disabled individuals and substantial new investment to make the shift from institutional to home care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 fund
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 a 2 specific
1 a 5 fund
2 specific 5 fund
3 autonomy 4 insurance
4 insurance 5 fund
5 fund 6 would
6 would 7 have
7 have 8 to
7 have 11 and
8 to 11 and
9 be 10 created
9 be 11 and
11 and 12 funded
11 and 18 for
11 and 26 for
12 funded 14 transfers
13 through 14 transfers
14 transfers 15 of
15 of 17 funding
16 current 17 funding
18 for 25 credits
19 long 22 care
19 long 23 ,
19 long 24 tax
20 - 22 care
21 term 22 care
22 care 23 ,
24 tax 25 credits
26 for 29 and
27 disabled 28 individuals
28 individuals 29 and
29 and 32 investment
29 and 33 to
29 and 37 from
29 and 38 institutional
30 substantial 32 investment
31 new 32 investment
33 to 34 make
34 make 36 shift
34 make 37 from
35 the 36 shift
38 institutional 39 to
38 institutional 40 home
39 to 40 home
40 home 41 care

following a standardized assessment by case managers , an autonomy support benefit would be determined to fund " in kind " public or private services or [a] ["] cash - for - care " [allowance] for older people to purchase services . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 benefit
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 be
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 30 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 42 .
1 following 4 assessment
1 following 8 ,
1 following 12 benefit
2 a 4 assessment
3 standardized 4 assessment
4 assessment 5 by
5 by 7 managers
6 case 7 managers
9 an 12 benefit
10 autonomy 11 support
11 support 12 benefit
12 benefit 13 would
13 would 14 be
14 be 15 determined
15 determined 16 to
15 determined 26 or
16 to 26 or
17 fund 18 "
17 fund 20 kind
17 fund 23 or
17 fund 25 services
17 fund 26 or
19 in 20 kind
20 kind 21 "
22 public 23 or
23 or 24 private
26 or 29 cash
30 - 31 for
30 - 40 purchase
31 for 32 -
32 - 33 care
33 care 34 "
33 care 36 for
33 care 39 to
36 for 38 people
37 older 38 people
39 to 40 purchase
40 purchase 41 services

case managers would be responsible for coordinating the care , controlling the quality of services and reassessing needs according to changes in individuals ' conditions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 managers
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 be
1 case 2 managers
2 managers 3 would
3 would 4 be
4 be 5 responsible
5 responsible 6 for
5 responsible 11 controlling
6 for 7 coordinating
7 coordinating 9 care
8 the 9 care
10 , 11 controlling
11 controlling 16 and
11 controlling 20 to
11 controlling 22 in
11 controlling 26 .
12 the 16 and
13 quality 14 of
13 quality 16 and
14 of 15 services
16 and 18 needs
17 reassessing 18 needs
19 according 20 to
20 to 21 changes
22 in 25 conditions
23 individuals 24 '
24 ' 25 conditions

funding reform of long - term care would prioritize home care and optimize the functioning of integrated care to improve support for frail older people . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 funding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 funding 2 reform
1 funding 8 would
2 reform 3 of
3 of 7 care
4 long 5 -
4 long 6 term
6 term 7 care
8 would 12 and
9 prioritize 11 care
9 prioritize 12 and
10 home 11 care
12 and 13 optimize
13 optimize 15 functioning
13 optimize 19 to
14 the 15 functioning
15 functioning 16 of
16 of 18 care
17 integrated 18 care
19 to 20 improve
20 improve 21 support
21 support 22 for
22 for 25 people
23 frail 25 people
24 older 25 people

chronic disease management initiatives have thus far focused on single disease entities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 management
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 focused
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 13 .
1 chronic 2 disease
2 disease 3 management
3 management 4 initiatives
3 management 5 have
3 management 8 focused
4 initiatives 5 have
5 have 7 far
6 thus 7 far
8 focused 9 on
9 on 12 entities
10 single 11 disease
11 disease 12 entities

the challenge of an aging population is the occurrence of multiple diseases , complicated by geriatric syndromes , in the same person . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 challenge
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 the 2 challenge
2 challenge 3 of
2 challenge 7 is
3 of 6 population
4 an 6 population
5 aging 6 population
7 is 9 occurrence
8 the 9 occurrence
9 occurrence 10 of
9 occurrence 19 in
10 of 12 diseases
11 multiple 12 diseases
12 diseases 14 complicated
13 , 14 complicated
14 complicated 15 by
14 complicated 18 ,
15 by 17 syndromes
16 geriatric 17 syndromes
19 in 22 person
20 the 21 same
21 same 22 person

the term frailty is used to denote such persons , who are more vulnerable to poor health outcomes when challenged by a health stressor . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 frailty
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 used
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 .
1 the 3 frailty
2 term 3 frailty
3 frailty 4 is
4 is 5 used
5 used 6 to
5 used 7 denote
6 to 7 denote
7 denote 9 persons
8 such 9 persons
10 , 11 who
10 , 12 are
11 who 12 are
12 are 14 vulnerable
13 more 14 vulnerable
14 vulnerable 15 to
14 vulnerable 19 when
15 to 18 outcomes
16 poor 17 health
17 health 18 outcomes
19 when 20 challenged
20 challenged 21 by
21 by 24 stressor
22 a 23 health
22 a 24 stressor
23 health 24 stressor

in this paper , it is argued that frailty is a chronic condition and thus requires a chronic disease management approach . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 5 it
2 this 3 paper
5 it 6 is
6 is 14 and
7 argued 8 that
7 argued 14 and
8 that 9 frailty
8 that 10 is
9 frailty 10 is
10 is 13 condition
11 a 12 chronic
11 a 13 condition
12 chronic 13 condition
14 and 16 requires
14 and 21 approach
15 thus 16 requires
17 a 18 chronic
17 a 21 approach
18 chronic 19 disease
19 disease 21 approach
20 management 21 approach

hospital [-] based and community interventions for managing frail seniors are discussed , with a focus on enhancing primary care , and with appropriate and targeted support from geriatric specialists in the form of capacity building as well as direct clinical service . 
1 hospital 3 based
1 hospital 4 and
4 and 6 interventions
4 and 7 for
4 and 11 are
5 community 6 interventions
7 for 8 managing
8 managing 10 seniors
9 frail 10 seniors
11 are 12 discussed
12 discussed 14 with
13 , 14 with
14 with 16 focus
14 with 43 .
15 a 16 focus
16 focus 22 and
16 focus 28 from
17 on 18 enhancing
17 on 22 and
18 enhancing 20 care
19 primary 20 care
21 , 22 and
22 and 23 with
23 with 25 and
24 appropriate 25 and
25 and 27 support
26 targeted 27 support
28 from 30 specialists
29 geriatric 30 specialists
30 specialists 31 in
30 specialists 34 of
30 specialists 36 building
31 in 33 form
32 the 33 form
34 of 35 capacity
36 building 38 well
36 building 39 as
37 as 38 well
39 as 42 service
40 direct 42 service
41 clinical 42 service

finally , a model for integrating individual geriatric interventions into a broader system is proposed . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 model
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 proposed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 4 model
3 a 4 model
4 model 5 for
4 model 14 is
5 for 6 integrating
6 integrating 9 interventions
6 integrating 10 into
7 individual 9 interventions
8 geriatric 9 interventions
10 into 13 system
11 a 13 system
12 broader 13 system
14 is 15 proposed

if the healthcare sky is falling , it is because we have not yet grasped the opportunity to do better . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 if 4 sky
1 if 6 falling
1 if 7 ,
1 if 8 it
2 the 4 sky
3 healthcare 4 sky
4 sky 5 is
5 is 6 falling
6 falling 7 ,
8 it 9 is
9 is 10 because
9 is 20 better
10 because 11 we
10 because 15 grasped
11 we 12 have
12 have 13 not
12 have 15 grasped
14 yet 15 grasped
15 grasped 17 opportunity
15 grasped 18 to
16 the 17 opportunity
18 to 19 do

here we comment on three points in chappell and hollander 's lead article . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 comment
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 here 2 we
2 we 3 comment
3 comment 4 on
3 comment 7 in
4 on 6 points
5 three 6 points
7 in 9 and
8 chappell 9 and
9 and 13 article
10 hollander 11 's
11 's 13 article
12 lead 13 article

second , we concur that small things ( e.g [.] , transportation and medication management ) matter in big health systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 concur
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 second 2 ,
1 second 3 we
3 we 4 concur
4 concur 5 that
5 that 7 things
5 that 17 matter
6 small 7 things
7 things 13 and
7 things 17 matter
8 ( 13 and
9 e.g 11 ,
11 , 12 transportation
11 , 13 and
13 and 15 management
13 and 16 )
14 medication 15 management
17 matter 18 in
18 in 21 systems
19 big 20 health
20 health 21 systems

access to a full range of services in integrated systems of care permits cost [-] effective " [downward] substitution " instead of more costly , and often inappropriate " upward substitution " to hospital [and] institutional care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 access
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 cost
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 38 .
1 access 2 to
1 access 6 of
1 access 11 of
1 access 14 cost
2 to 5 range
3 a 5 range
4 full 5 range
6 of 7 services
7 services 8 in
8 in 10 systems
9 integrated 10 systems
11 of 13 permits
12 care 13 permits
14 cost 19 substitution
14 cost 22 of
14 cost 33 to
16 effective 17 "
16 effective 19 substitution
19 substitution 20 "
21 instead 22 of
22 of 31 substitution
23 more 31 substitution
24 costly 26 and
25 , 26 and
26 and 27 often
26 and 28 inappropriate
26 and 31 substitution
28 inappropriate 29 "
28 inappropriate 30 upward
31 substitution 32 "
33 to 37 care
34 hospital 37 care
36 institutional 37 care

finally , given the current political climate of fiscal constraint , it is helpful to consider the lessons of successful local initiatives such as supportive housing , which can integrate care " from the ground up " including essential primary and preventive care . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 it
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 consider
1 finally 2 ,
1 finally 12 it
3 given 7 climate
3 given 11 ,
3 given 12 it
4 the 7 climate
5 current 7 climate
6 political 7 climate
7 climate 8 of
8 of 10 constraint
9 fiscal 10 constraint
12 it 13 is
13 is 14 helpful
14 helpful 15 to
15 to 16 consider
16 consider 18 lessons
16 consider 24 as
17 the 18 lessons
18 lessons 19 of
19 of 22 initiatives
20 successful 22 initiatives
21 local 22 initiatives
23 such 24 as
24 as 26 housing
25 supportive 26 housing
26 housing 28 which
27 , 28 which
28 which 29 can
28 which 44 .
29 can 30 integrate
30 integrate 31 care
30 integrate 36 up
31 care 32 "
31 care 33 from
33 from 35 ground
34 the 35 ground
36 up 37 "
36 up 43 care
38 including 43 care
39 essential 43 care
40 primary 41 and
41 and 42 preventive
41 and 43 care

rather than seeing an aging population as the harbinger [of] healthcare doom , we suggest seeing it as a motivator to rethink , [refresh] and innovate . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 we
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 rather 2 than
2 than 3 seeing
2 than 14 we
3 seeing 6 population
4 an 6 population
5 aging 6 population
7 as 12 doom
7 as 13 ,
7 as 14 we
8 the 12 doom
9 harbinger 12 doom
11 healthcare 12 doom
14 we 25 and
15 suggest 16 seeing
15 suggest 25 and
16 seeing 17 it
16 seeing 18 as
18 as 20 motivator
19 a 20 motivator
20 motivator 21 to
20 motivator 22 rethink
21 to 22 rethink
23 , 25 and
25 and 26 innovate

canada 's aging population poses a significant challenge for the existing healthcare system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 poses
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 canada 2 's
2 's 4 population
3 aging 4 population
4 population 5 poses
5 poses 8 challenge
6 a 7 significant
6 a 8 challenge
7 significant 8 challenge
8 challenge 9 for
9 for 13 system
10 the 13 system
11 existing 13 system
12 healthcare 13 system

while individuals 65 and older accounted for 13.7 % of the population in 2005 , [they] accounted for 60 % of all acute care service spending . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 while 4 and
1 while 15 ,
2 individuals 3 65
2 individuals 4 and
4 and 5 older
6 accounted 7 for
6 accounted 15 ,
7 for 9 %
8 13.7 9 %
9 % 10 of
9 % 13 in
10 of 12 population
11 the 12 population
13 in 14 2005
15 , 17 accounted
17 accounted 18 for
18 for 20 %
19 60 20 %
20 % 21 of
21 of 26 spending
22 all 26 spending
23 acute 24 care
24 care 26 spending
25 service 26 spending

this paper further illustrates [how] the heterogeneity of the older population and its impact [on] patterns of healthcare use demonstrate the failings of our current care systems . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 paper
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 illustrates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 this 2 paper
2 paper 4 illustrates
3 further 4 illustrates
4 illustrates 7 heterogeneity
6 the 7 heterogeneity
7 heterogeneity 8 of
8 of 11 population
9 the 11 population
10 older 11 population
12 and 16 patterns
12 and 20 demonstrate
13 its 16 patterns
14 impact 16 patterns
16 patterns 17 of
16 patterns 20 demonstrate
17 of 19 use
18 healthcare 19 use
20 demonstrate 22 failings
21 the 22 failings
22 failings 23 of
23 of 27 systems
24 our 27 systems
25 current 26 care
26 care 27 systems

our outdated acute care models frequently disadvantage the system 's highest users , who are often characterized by factors [such] as poly - morbidity , functional impairment and social frailty . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 models
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 disadvantage
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 25 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 our 5 models
2 outdated 4 care
3 acute 4 care
4 care 5 models
5 models 7 disadvantage
6 frequently 7 disadvantage
7 disadvantage 12 users
8 the 9 system
9 system 10 's
10 's 11 highest
10 's 12 users
12 users 14 who
12 users 24 morbidity
13 , 14 who
14 who 15 are
14 who 23 -
15 are 16 often
15 are 17 characterized
17 characterized 18 by
17 characterized 22 poly
18 by 19 factors
21 as 22 poly
23 - 24 morbidity
24 morbidity 25 ,
25 , 28 and
26 functional 27 impairment
27 impairment 28 and
28 and 30 frailty
29 social 30 frailty

understanding how implementing innovative models that challenge deeply ingrained ways of providing care has proven to be a significant challenge , this paper highlights one hospital 's mission to transform current traditional paradigms of care by developing and implementing an elder - friendly hospital integrated service delivery model . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 understanding
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 proven
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 49 .
1 understanding 2 how
1 understanding 14 has
2 how 5 models
2 how 13 care
3 implementing 5 models
4 innovative 5 models
5 models 7 challenge
5 models 9 ingrained
5 models 11 of
5 models 13 care
6 that 7 challenge
7 challenge 9 ingrained
8 deeply 9 ingrained
9 ingrained 10 ways
11 of 12 providing
14 has 15 proven
15 proven 16 to
15 proven 36 by
15 proven 48 model
16 to 21 ,
17 be 20 challenge
17 be 21 ,
18 a 19 significant
18 a 20 challenge
19 significant 20 challenge
21 , 30 transform
22 this 23 paper
23 paper 24 highlights
24 highlights 28 mission
24 highlights 29 to
25 one 26 hospital
26 hospital 27 's
27 's 28 mission
29 to 30 transform
30 transform 33 paradigms
31 current 33 paradigms
32 traditional 33 paradigms
33 paradigms 34 of
34 of 35 care
36 by 38 and
37 developing 38 and
38 and 39 implementing
40 an 48 model
41 elder 42 -
41 elder 44 hospital
43 friendly 44 hospital
44 hospital 48 model
45 integrated 48 model
46 service 48 model
47 delivery 48 model

this hospital aims to demonstrate wide - ranging benefits of this model that can contribute toward optimizing the outcomes of hospitalization for older adults and the system as a whole . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 hospital
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 aims
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 this 2 hospital
2 hospital 3 aims
3 aims 4 to
3 aims 17 optimizing
4 to 5 demonstrate
5 demonstrate 9 benefits
6 wide 7 -
6 wide 9 benefits
8 ranging 9 benefits
9 benefits 10 of
9 benefits 13 that
9 benefits 17 optimizing
10 of 12 model
11 this 12 model
13 that 14 can
14 can 15 contribute
15 contribute 16 toward
16 toward 17 optimizing
17 optimizing 19 outcomes
17 optimizing 22 for
17 optimizing 28 as
18 the 19 outcomes
19 outcomes 20 of
20 of 21 hospitalization
22 for 25 and
23 older 24 adults
24 adults 25 and
25 and 27 system
26 the 27 system
28 as 30 whole
29 a 30 whole

the establishment of a national agency that could support the development of a national aging strategy to promote best practice dissemination and implementation could also ensure that the significant health , social and economic benefits that better care models can realize could be more easily achieved . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 ensure
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 47 .
1 the 2 establishment
2 establishment 3 of
2 establishment 12 of
2 establishment 22 and
3 of 6 agency
4 a 5 national
4 a 6 agency
5 national 6 agency
6 agency 7 that
6 agency 8 could
7 that 8 could
8 could 9 support
9 support 11 development
10 the 11 development
12 of 14 national
13 a 14 national
14 national 15 aging
15 aging 16 strategy
15 aging 17 to
17 to 18 promote
18 promote 19 best
18 promote 21 dissemination
20 practice 21 dissemination
22 and 23 implementation
22 and 24 could
24 could 26 ensure
25 also 26 ensure
26 ensure 27 that
27 that 33 and
27 that 46 achieved
28 the 30 health
29 significant 30 health
30 health 31 ,
31 , 32 social
31 , 33 and
33 and 35 benefits
33 and 36 that
33 and 41 realize
33 and 42 could
34 economic 35 benefits
36 that 39 models
36 that 41 realize
37 better 38 care
38 care 39 models
39 models 40 can
40 can 41 realize
42 could 43 be
43 be 45 easily
43 be 46 achieved
44 more 45 easily

chappell and hollander provide support for a set of policy directives formulated for an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 17 .
1 chappell 2 and
2 and 3 hollander
2 and 4 provide
4 provide 5 support
5 support 6 for
6 for 8 set
7 a 8 set
8 set 9 of
9 of 11 directives
10 policy 11 directives
11 directives 12 formulated
12 formulated 13 for
13 for 16 population
14 an 16 population
15 aging 16 population

an integrated [continuum] [of] care model is the fulcrum of the policy prescription , given evidence - based support for its cost - effectiveness [;] improved quality of care and quality of life [;] and the success of similar models found in denmark , japan and other countries . 
1 an 6 model
2 integrated 6 model
5 care 6 model
6 model 7 is
7 is 9 fulcrum
7 is 15 given
8 the 9 fulcrum
9 fulcrum 10 of
10 of 13 prescription
11 the 13 prescription
12 policy 13 prescription
14 , 15 given
15 given 16 evidence
16 evidence 23 -
17 - 23 -
18 based 19 support
19 support 20 for
19 support 23 -
20 for 22 cost
21 its 22 cost
23 - 35 and
24 effectiveness 26 improved
26 improved 27 quality
27 quality 28 of
27 quality 30 and
28 of 29 care
30 and 31 quality
30 and 35 and
31 quality 32 of
32 of 33 life
35 and 37 success
35 and 38 of
35 and 41 found
36 the 37 success
38 of 40 models
39 similar 40 models
41 found 42 in
42 in 43 denmark
43 denmark 48 countries
44 , 48 countries
45 japan 46 and
46 and 47 other
46 and 48 countries
48 countries 49 .

this commentary addresses the underlying assumptions of these policy recommendations , identifies the major barriers to their implementation and suggests solutions . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 commentary
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 this 2 commentary
2 commentary 11 ,
3 addresses 6 assumptions
3 addresses 11 ,
4 the 6 assumptions
5 underlying 6 assumptions
6 assumptions 7 of
7 of 10 recommendations
8 these 10 recommendations
9 policy 10 recommendations
11 , 19 and
12 identifies 15 barriers
12 identifies 16 to
12 identifies 19 and
13 the 15 barriers
14 major 15 barriers
16 to 18 implementation
17 their 18 implementation
19 and 20 suggests
20 suggests 21 solutions

improving our understanding of the dynamics of population aging as it relates to health and healthcare use is a necessary requirement to reaching the aims set out by the authors . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 improving
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 relates
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 31 .
1 improving 3 understanding
1 improving 12 relates
2 our 3 understanding
3 understanding 4 of
3 understanding 9 aging
4 of 6 dynamics
5 the 6 dynamics
6 dynamics 7 of
7 of 8 population
9 aging 10 as
10 as 11 it
12 relates 13 to
13 to 14 health
15 and 17 use
15 and 18 is
16 healthcare 17 use
17 use 18 is
18 is 21 requirement
19 a 20 necessary
19 a 21 requirement
20 necessary 21 requirement
21 requirement 22 to
22 to 23 reaching
23 reaching 25 aims
23 reaching 28 by
24 the 25 aims
25 aims 26 set
26 set 27 out
28 by 30 authors
29 the 30 authors

chappell and hollander " offer [an] evidence - based policy prescription to meet the challenges […] [[] of ] an aging society . " 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 offer
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 23 .
1 chappell 2 and
2 and 3 hollander
2 and 5 offer
3 hollander 4 "
5 offer 7 evidence
5 offer 22 society
7 evidence 11 prescription
8 - 11 prescription
9 based 10 policy
10 policy 11 prescription
11 prescription 12 to
11 prescription 18 of
11 prescription 19 ]
12 to 13 meet
13 meet 15 challenges
14 the 15 challenges
15 challenges 18 of
20 an 22 society
21 aging 22 society
23 . 24 "

the fallacies of apocalyptic demography are briskly dismissed ; their message is that decades of solid evidence support the critical importance of an integrated system of continuing care for the chronically ill elderly , both health services and home support . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 fallacies
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 8 dismissed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 ;
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 41 .
1 the 2 fallacies
2 fallacies 3 of
2 fallacies 6 are
3 of 5 demography
4 apocalyptic 5 demography
6 are 7 briskly
6 are 8 dismissed
9 ; 11 message
10 their 11 message
11 message 12 is
12 is 13 that
13 that 14 decades
13 that 18 support
14 decades 15 of
14 decades 18 support
15 of 17 evidence
16 solid 17 evidence
18 support 21 importance
19 the 21 importance
20 critical 21 importance
21 importance 22 of
21 importance 26 of
22 of 25 system
23 an 25 system
24 integrated 25 system
26 of 27 continuing
27 continuing 28 care
27 continuing 29 for
29 for 40 support
30 the 40 support
31 chronically 32 ill
32 ill 40 support
33 elderly 34 ,
33 elderly 40 support
35 both 37 services
36 health 37 services
37 services 38 and
38 and 39 home
38 and 40 support

but the paper loses focus with discussions of " ageism " , the compression of morbidity , and healthy communities . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 but
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 .
1 but 3 paper
1 but 4 loses
2 the 3 paper
3 paper 4 loses
4 loses 5 focus
4 loses 6 with
6 with 18 and
7 discussions 8 of
7 discussions 18 and
8 of 9 "
8 of 10 ageism
10 ageism 11 "
10 ageism 14 compression
12 , 14 compression
13 the 14 compression
14 compression 15 of
14 compression 17 ,
15 of 16 morbidity
17 , 18 and
18 and 20 communities
19 healthy 20 communities

the authors might have [explored] [why] [(] [as] they argue [ )(public policy has retreated from their prescription in recent decades . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 have
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 might
3 might 4 have
4 have 9 they
4 have 10 argue
10 argue 13 policy
10 argue 15 retreated
12 )(public 13 policy
13 policy 14 has
14 has 15 retreated
15 retreated 16 from
15 retreated 19 in
16 from 18 prescription
17 their 18 prescription
19 in 21 decades
20 recent 21 decades

that prescription would require either [a] re - allocation of resources ( incomes ) away from politically well [-] entrenched interests , or simply more money . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 that
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 .
1 that 2 prescription
1 that 4 require
2 prescription 3 would
3 would 4 require
4 require 5 either
4 require 7 re
4 require 15 away
4 require 16 from
7 re 8 -
7 re 9 allocation
9 allocation 10 of
10 of 11 resources
11 resources 13 incomes
12 ( 13 incomes
13 incomes 14 )
16 from 26 money
17 politically 20 entrenched
18 well 20 entrenched
20 entrenched 21 interests
21 interests 23 or
22 , 23 or
23 or 24 simply
23 or 25 more
23 or 26 money

neither appears currently promising . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 neither
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 appears
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 .
1 neither 2 appears
2 appears 3 currently
2 appears 4 promising

canada 's health and social care system is paralyzed by our decentralized federalist governing structure . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 system
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 paralyzed
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 canada 2 's
2 's 7 system
3 health 4 and
4 and 5 social
4 and 7 system
6 care 7 system
7 system 8 is
8 is 9 paralyzed
9 paralyzed 10 by
10 by 13 federalist
11 our 13 federalist
12 decentralized 13 federalist
13 federalist 14 governing
14 governing 15 structure

public policy change , such as that suggested by chappell and hollander , will require a new political paradigm that recognizes the need for a multi - sectoral , co - operative approach to integrated systems of care delivery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 change
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 require
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 40 .
1 public 2 policy
2 policy 3 change
3 change 6 as
3 change 14 will
4 , 6 as
5 such 6 as
6 as 11 and
6 as 13 ,
7 that 8 suggested
7 that 11 and
8 suggested 9 by
9 by 10 chappell
11 and 12 hollander
14 will 15 require
15 require 19 paradigm
15 require 24 for
16 a 19 paradigm
17 new 19 paradigm
18 political 19 paradigm
19 paradigm 20 that
19 paradigm 21 recognizes
20 that 21 recognizes
21 recognizes 23 need
22 the 23 need
24 for 33 approach
25 a 26 multi
25 a 33 approach
26 multi 30 co
26 multi 31 -
26 multi 33 approach
27 - 30 co
28 sectoral 29 ,
28 sectoral 30 co
30 co 31 -
32 operative 33 approach
33 approach 34 to
33 approach 37 of
34 to 36 systems
35 integrated 36 systems
37 of 39 delivery
38 care 39 delivery

the federal government must provide the necessary leadership , and the provinces and territories must show the political will to co - operate if canada is to embrace the challenges of an aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 government
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 10 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 22 -
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 35 .
1 the 3 government
2 federal 3 government
3 government 4 must
4 must 10 and
5 provide 8 leadership
5 provide 10 and
6 the 8 leadership
7 necessary 8 leadership
9 , 10 and
10 and 16 show
10 and 20 to
11 the 12 provinces
12 provinces 13 and
13 and 14 territories
13 and 15 must
15 must 16 show
16 show 19 will
17 the 19 will
18 political 19 will
20 to 21 co
22 - 23 operate
23 operate 24 if
24 if 25 canada
24 if 26 is
25 canada 26 is
26 is 27 to
27 to 28 embrace
28 embrace 30 challenges
29 the 30 challenges
30 challenges 31 of
31 of 34 population
32 an 34 population
33 aging 34 population

[the] extent to which our aging population impacts the health system is , as chappell and hollander suggest , dependent on [(] [1] [ )(how that system is defined [and] organized [and] ( 2 ) [our] attitudes as a society to aging and the elderly . 
2 extent 3 to
2 extent 12 is
3 to 4 which
3 to 7 population
3 to 8 impacts
5 our 7 population
6 aging 7 population
7 population 8 impacts
8 impacts 11 system
9 the 11 system
10 health 11 system
12 is 14 as
12 is 20 dependent
13 , 14 as
14 as 18 suggest
14 as 19 ,
15 chappell 16 and
16 and 17 hollander
16 and 18 suggest
20 dependent 21 on
21 on 25 )(how
25 )(how 27 system
25 )(how 28 is
26 that 27 system
27 system 28 is
28 is 37 attitudes
28 is 38 as
29 defined 37 attitudes
31 organized 34 2
31 organized 37 attitudes
33 ( 34 2
34 2 35 )
38 as 43 and
39 a 40 society
40 society 41 to
40 society 43 and
41 to 42 aging
43 and 45 elderly
43 and 46 .
44 the 45 elderly

the canadian home care association supports the policy prescription described by chappell and hollander and believes that a paradigm shift from a reactive and episodic system to one that is proactive and supportive is required . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 5 association
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 15 and
1 the 2 canadian
2 canadian 5 association
3 home 4 care
4 care 5 association
5 association 15 and
6 supports 9 prescription
6 supports 11 by
6 supports 15 and
7 the 9 prescription
8 policy 9 prescription
9 prescription 10 described
11 by 14 hollander
12 chappell 13 and
13 and 14 hollander
15 and 16 believes
16 believes 17 that
17 that 20 shift
17 that 35 required
18 a 20 shift
19 paradigm 20 shift
20 shift 21 from
20 shift 27 to
20 shift 29 that
20 shift 30 is
20 shift 34 is
21 from 26 system
22 a 26 system
23 reactive 24 and
24 and 25 episodic
24 and 26 system
27 to 28 one
29 that 30 is
30 is 32 and
31 proactive 32 and
32 and 33 supportive
34 is 35 required
35 required 36 .

this article expands upon the lead essay by further discussing the role of home care and the need for its integration into the healthcare system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 article
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 expands
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 26 .
1 this 2 article
2 article 3 expands
3 expands 4 upon
3 expands 8 by
4 upon 7 essay
5 the 7 essay
6 lead 7 essay
8 by 10 discussing
9 further 10 discussing
10 discussing 12 role
10 discussing 22 into
11 the 12 role
12 role 13 of
12 role 19 for
13 of 16 and
14 home 15 care
15 care 16 and
16 and 18 need
17 the 18 need
19 for 21 integration
20 its 21 integration
22 into 25 system
23 the 25 system
24 healthcare 25 system

and the article concludes by asserting that we must change our attitude toward aging by improving our understanding of [and] attention to the needs of older adults . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 and 3 article
1 and 4 concludes
2 the 3 article
3 article 4 concludes
4 concludes 5 by
4 concludes 16 improving
5 by 6 asserting
6 asserting 7 that
7 that 8 we
7 that 10 change
8 we 9 must
9 must 10 change
10 change 12 attitude
10 change 15 by
11 our 12 attitude
12 attitude 13 toward
13 toward 14 aging
16 improving 18 understanding
17 our 18 understanding
18 understanding 19 of
18 understanding 22 to
18 understanding 25 of
19 of 21 attention
22 to 24 needs
23 the 24 needs
25 of 27 adults
26 older 27 adults

in this paper , the authors provide a policy prescription for canada 's aging population . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 6 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 7 provide
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 in 3 paper
1 in 4 ,
1 in 6 authors
2 this 3 paper
5 the 6 authors
6 authors 7 provide
7 provide 10 prescription
8 a 10 prescription
9 policy 10 prescription
10 prescription 11 for
11 for 15 population
12 canada 13 's
13 's 15 population
14 aging 15 population

they question the appropriateness of predictions about the lack of sustainability of our healthcare system . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 question
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 16 .
1 they 2 question
2 question 4 appropriateness
2 question 7 about
3 the 4 appropriateness
4 appropriateness 5 of
5 of 6 predictions
7 about 9 lack
8 the 9 lack
9 lack 10 of
10 of 11 sustainability
11 sustainability 12 of
12 of 15 system
13 our 15 system
14 healthcare 15 system

the authors note that aging per se will only have a modest impact on future healthcare costs , and that other factors such as increased medical interventions , changes in technology and increases in overall service use will be the main cost drivers . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 note
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 19 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 note
3 note 4 that
4 that 5 aging
4 that 10 have
5 aging 8 will
6 per 7 se
7 se 8 will
8 will 10 have
9 only 10 have
10 have 13 impact
11 a 12 modest
11 a 13 impact
12 modest 13 impact
13 impact 14 on
14 on 17 costs
15 future 17 costs
16 healthcare 17 costs
18 , 19 and
19 and 20 that
19 and 39 be
20 that 22 factors
20 that 36 service
20 that 38 will
21 other 22 factors
22 factors 24 as
22 factors 36 service
23 such 24 as
24 as 28 ,
25 increased 27 interventions
25 increased 28 ,
26 medical 27 interventions
28 , 32 and
29 changes 30 in
29 changes 31 technology
29 changes 32 and
32 and 33 increases
32 and 34 in
32 and 35 overall
36 service 37 use
38 will 39 be
39 be 43 drivers
40 the 43 drivers
41 main 42 cost
42 cost 43 drivers

they argue that , to increase value for money , government should validate , as a priority , integrated systems of care delivery for older adults and recognize such systems as a major component of canada 's healthcare system , along with hospitals , primary care and public/population health . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 27 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 44 ,
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 50 .
1 they 27 and
2 argue 3 that
2 argue 27 and
3 that 11 government
3 that 13 validate
4 , 5 to
5 to 7 value
5 to 10 ,
5 to 11 government
6 increase 7 value
7 value 8 for
8 for 9 money
11 government 12 should
12 should 13 validate
13 validate 15 as
13 validate 20 systems
14 , 15 as
15 as 17 priority
15 as 18 ,
16 a 17 priority
19 integrated 20 systems
20 systems 21 of
20 systems 24 for
21 of 23 delivery
22 care 23 delivery
24 for 26 adults
25 older 26 adults
27 and 28 recognize
28 recognize 30 systems
28 recognize 31 as
29 such 30 systems
31 as 34 component
32 a 33 major
32 a 34 component
33 major 34 component
34 component 35 of
35 of 39 system
36 canada 37 's
37 's 39 system
38 healthcare 39 system
39 system 42 with
40 , 42 with
41 along 42 with
42 with 43 hospitals
42 with 44 ,
44 , 47 and
45 primary 46 care
46 care 47 and
47 and 49 health
48 public/population 49 health

they also note a range of mechanisms to enhance such systems going forward . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 they
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 note
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 14 .
1 they 3 note
2 also 3 note
3 note 5 range
3 note 8 to
4 a 5 range
5 range 6 of
6 of 7 mechanisms
8 to 9 enhance
9 enhance 11 systems
10 such 11 systems
11 systems 12 going
12 going 13 forward

the authors present data and policy commentary on the following topics : ageism , healthy communities , prevention , unpaid caregivers and integrated systems of care delivery . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 authors
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 present
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 12 :
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 28 .
1 the 2 authors
2 authors 3 present
3 present 5 and
3 present 8 on
4 data 5 and
5 and 7 commentary
6 policy 7 commentary
8 on 11 topics
9 the 10 following
9 the 11 topics
12 : 22 and
13 ageism 16 communities
13 ageism 17 ,
13 ageism 18 prevention
14 , 16 communities
15 healthy 16 communities
16 communities 17 ,
18 prevention 19 ,
19 , 21 caregivers
19 , 22 and
20 unpaid 21 caregivers
22 and 24 systems
22 and 25 of
23 integrated 24 systems
25 of 27 delivery
26 care 27 delivery

canada 's population is aging , and the authors of this issue 's lead article , neena chappell and marcus hollander , present a policy prescription for [how] to design a healthcare system that better responds to needs of older canadians . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 3 population
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 4 is
1 canada 2 's
2 's 3 population
3 population 4 is
4 is 7 and
5 aging 7 and
6 , 7 and
7 and 9 authors
7 and 10 of
8 the 9 authors
10 of 15 article
11 this 12 issue
12 issue 13 's
13 's 15 article
14 lead 15 article
15 article 17 neena
16 , 17 neena
17 neena 19 and
17 neena 27 for
17 neena 29 to
17 neena 42 .
18 chappell 19 and
19 and 21 hollander
19 and 22 ,
19 and 23 present
20 marcus 21 hollander
23 present 26 prescription
23 present 27 for
24 a 26 prescription
25 policy 26 prescription
29 to 30 design
30 design 33 system
30 design 38 needs
30 design 39 of
31 a 32 healthcare
31 a 33 system
32 healthcare 33 system
33 system 34 that
33 system 37 to
33 system 38 needs
34 that 36 responds
35 better 36 responds
36 responds 37 to
39 of 41 canadians
40 older 41 canadians

the timing of this issue of healthcare papers is important : the first of the baby boomers turned 65 in january 2011 . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 timing
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 11 :
1 the 2 timing
2 timing 3 of
2 timing 9 is
3 of 5 issue
4 this 5 issue
5 issue 6 of
6 of 8 papers
7 healthcare 8 papers
9 is 10 important
11 : 13 first
11 : 18 turned
11 : 23 .
12 the 13 first
13 first 14 of
13 first 18 turned
14 of 17 boomers
15 the 17 boomers
16 baby 17 boomers
18 turned 19 65
18 turned 20 in
20 in 21 january
21 january 22 2011

there is a pressing need to develop policies and implement sustainable reforms that will allow older adults to stay healthier and maintain their independence longer in their place of choice , while also creating efficiencies and quality improvements in our overall healthcare system that will benefit canadians of all ages . 
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 1 there
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 2 is
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 9 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 21 and
0 ###LEFT-WALL### 51 .
1 there 2 is
2 is 5 need
3 a 5 need
4 pressing 5 need
5 need 6 to
5 need 7 develop
6 to 7 develop
7 develop 8 policies
9 and 12 reforms
9 and 15 allow
10 implement 12 reforms
11 sustainable 12 reforms
12 reforms 13 that
12 reforms 14 will
12 reforms 15 allow
13 that 14 will
15 allow 17 adults
15 allow 18 to
16 older 17 adults
18 to 21 and
19 stay 20 healthier
19 stay 21 and
21 and 22 maintain
21 and 24 independence
23 their 24 independence
24 independence 25 longer
25 longer 26 in
26 in 28 place
27 their 28 place
28 place 49 all
28 place 50 ages
29 of 30 choice
29 of 31 ,
29 of 49 all
32 while 34 creating
32 while 49 all
33 also 34 creating
34 creating 36 and
34 creating 39 in
35 efficiencies 36 and
36 and 38 improvements
37 quality 38 improvements
39 in 43 system
40 our 43 system
41 overall 43 system
42 healthcare 43 system
43 system 44 that
43 system 48 of
44 that 45 will
45 will 46 benefit
46 benefit 47 canadians
47 canadians 48 of
49 all 50 ages